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The Pros and Cons of Hybrid Cars
Hybrid cars are considered to be the car of tomorrow. Because of the benefits it can give you, you will definitely want to get one for your own. In fact, more and more people are now considering selling their conventional car and purchase a hybrid car. So, why is it that more and more people prefer getting a hybrid car instead of a conventional car even if hybrid car retail prices are far more expensive?
The answer to this is that these people are thinking of the long term benefits that a hybrid car can give. With a hybrid car, you can cut fuel consumption in half compared to conventional cars. Hybrid cars will be able to give you maximum fuel efficiency. It will be able to give you far better mileage to the gallon. Just imagine, with a hybrid car, you can get more than 60 miles to the gallon of gasoline.
This is because hybrid cars run on two engines. One is the conventional internal combustion engine that you will find in conventional cars and the other is the electric motor and batteries. Hybrid cars are basically cars that combine electric energy and gasoline energy. By combining these two to power your car, it will run quieter, cleaner and far more efficient than conventional cars. These are the main advantages of hybrid cars.
Another advantage is that you will be able to save more money from tax breaks imposed by the US government to hybrid car users and buyers. If you own a hybrid car, you will be able to enjoy tax breaks. Also, you will be able to enjoy free parking and other incentives that the government imposed on hybrid car owners.
Now that you know about the main pros of the hybrid cars, you also need to know what the cons of hybrid cars are.
People have been purchasing hybrid cars because of the ability of saving a lot of money from fuel consumption. However, the main advantage of hybrid cars, which is the electric motor, is also its downfall. When a hybrid car is involved in an accident it will be difficult for you and the rescuers to get you out of the car because of the dangers of electrocution. Hybrid cars carry large amounts of voltage. When it gets involved in an accident, wires from the battery may tear off and will be potentially dangerous to handle.
Another disadvantage of hybrid cars is that the retail price is higher than conventional cars in the same weight class. However, the hybrid car can counter this disadvantage by allowing consumers to save money in a long term basis. When you look at it in a long term basis, hybrid cars tend to be cheaper than conventional cars. Try and compute the amount of gasoline both cars will consume during its lifetime and add it to the retail price of the car. You will see that the conventional car will tend to be more expensive than hybrid cars when you look at it in a long term basis.
These are the pros and cons of hybrid cars. You can see that it contains more advantages than disadvantages. Most hybrid cars today are now integrated with the latest technology in car safety. So, if you are planning to purchase a car, think hybrid.
Posted on December 16, 2018 Author admingodCategories ยานพาหนะ, สาระน่ารู้Leave a comment on The Pros and Cons of Hybrid Cars
The History of the Hybrid Car: An Evolution for the Future
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Due to the demand of having a car wherein everyone can consume less fuel and will not contribute to the air pollution, the hybrid car was finally created to meet this end. And due to the rapid advancements in the gasoline engine, the hybrid car has become extremely popular.
A hybrid car is a means of transportation using two power sources; it uses a rechargeable energy storage system found on board and a fuelled power source as the vehicle’s driving force. The hybrid car pollutes less and uses less fuel.
Back in 1899, Ferdinand Porsche have developed and led the way to the very first working hybrid-electric vehicle. Other people followed suit in Ferdinand Porsche’s invention. Many people who became interested in the hybrid-vehicle concept have been continually making hybrid cars. However, there was no major car manufacturer who invested in the hybrid concept and mass produced hybrid cars until the late twentieth century. The hybrid technology was mainly utilized in developing diesel-electric submarines during that interim period.
The diesel-electric submarines mainly operate very much the same as a hybrid car. However, the submarines main goal was to conserve oxygen rather than spend less fuel. During the later years, submarines have evolved and have begun using the nuclear power as a substitute for diesel.
During the 1990’s, the Toyota Prius and the Honda Insight were the first successful hybrid cars available in the market. It was two of the pioneers in the hybrid car concept which virtually changed the way the world thinks about cars.
An idealistic inventor, Victor Wouk, manufactured a hybrid electric and gas motor vehicle that siphoned fuel at half the amount as practically all the other cars being built then. He built the hybrid car thirty years before the Toyota Prius got the attention of the U.S. as an energy-anxious nation.
The account about the hybrid car and its inventor, who died in May, 2005, at age 86, is unfamiliar among even the most avid fans of the growing hybrid car association. In terms of hybrid car knowledge, it is in fact America that should have led all other countries. Wouk said that the government program that he developed about hybrids was unknown to everyone.
Victor Wouk founded and sold two successful electric industrialized companies in the late 1940s and 50s and in 1962 he was approach by Russell Feldman, one of the founders of Motorola, who recognized the pollution from the automobile as one of the biggest problem of the environment and he wanted to discover the possible solutions with regards to this problem. But his experiment did not work much for the possible solution.
Having an idea, Wouk pondered the problem throughout the 60s and ultimately reached a clever solution. He combined the low-emission benefits of an electric car with the power of a gasoline engine to produce a hybrid vehicle. But Wouk did not get any response to his ideas for creating a hybrid car; in fact he was heavily criticized for not believing in a full-electric system.
With the help of his colleague, Charlie Rosen, who shared his belief about hybrid cars, gave him the chance to prove his ideas of creating the hybrid car as one of the solution to the rapid health cost of auto-pollution. And now the impressive capabilities of the invention of Wouk, the hybrid cars, can now be a very great help in terms of less fuel consumption and less air pollution.
Wouk and Rosen put up a new company particularly to developed their hybrid car idea and make it possible to be in the market and be used as an everyday car that belched far less harmful vapors than contemporary vehicles.
The Prius
Ever since the Toyota Prius was released in the market, it has been able to remain as the premier choice of hybrid cars available. It is true that old hybrid cars looks more like an alien car and cost far more than the conventional car. However, because of the latest technology installed in newer versions of hybrid cars, it looks more like a conventional car and is far cheaper than its predecessors. It is a fact that hybrid cars today looks very much like conventional cars. However, it will enable you to cut fuel consumption in half.
For example, the Honda Civic Hybrid car looks very much like its conventional version. However, when you look at it closely, the hybrid version of the Civic is able to conserve fuel much better than its gasoline counterpart. The Civic Hybrid can get you 50 miles in just one gallon of gasoline.
During the year 2004, Ford has developed and introduced the very first hybrid SUV, which is the Ford Escape Hybrid. A year later, Toyota also introduced their line of hybrid SUV called the Highlander Hybrid.
Because of the growing demand for hybrid cars, other car manufacturers are now following the footsteps of the other companies who already released a version of their hybrid car in the market. For example, Nissan is now planning to develop and introduce a hybrid version of the Nissan Altima.
Nowadays, over 300,000 hybrid cars are running on American roads wherein 95 percent of them are Japanese made. The hybrid vehicles are truly very different technology that can both save money and our environment.
Posted on December 12, 2018 Author admingodCategories ยานพาหนะ, สาระน่ารู้Leave a comment on The History of the Hybrid Car: An Evolution for the Future
The Advantages of Gasoline Electric Hybrid Cars over Conventional Cars
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Today, more and more people are now considering getting rid of their gas-guzzling conventional cars and purchase a new kind of car available in the market today called hybrid cars. You may wonder why hybrid cars are gaining popularity all over the United States, but you should consider that hybrid cars can definitely give you a lot more benefits than conventional cars.
Hybrid cars can cost a lot more than conventional cars in terms of retail price. However, if you think in a long-term basis, hybrid cars will tend to be a lot cheaper than you can imagine. Hybrid cars are the next generation cars now available in the market that will enable you to save lots of money by getting more miles on a gallon.
Because of the constantly increasing price of gasoline, many people tend to purchase hybrid cars in order to save money on gasoline. Just imagine, a hybrid car will be able to cut fuel consumption in half compared to conventional cars. As you can imagine, you will save a lot more money in the long run. What you pay for the hybrid car will be worth it. This is because conventional cars will tend to be more expensive in the long run.
Hybrid cars use both gasoline and the cleanest energy source available, which is electricity. It also has smaller gasoline engines, built with light materials and is designed to be aerodynamic to reduce drag in order to give you the full efficiency potential.
Hybrid cars work by utilizing both the gasoline-powered engine and the electric motor to run the car. When the car is running idle or when it is not in motion but the engine is running, it automatically switches off the gasoline engine and the car will run on electric power. Once you stepped on the accelerator pedal, the hybrid car will automatically turn on the gas engine again. With this concept, you won’t spend a lot of fuel when you are trapped in a gridlock. Also, when the car is in motion, the electric motor and the gasoline engine will share the propulsion.
Another great advantage of gasoline-electric cars or hybrid cars is that it runs on clean energy. It has been found that hybrid cars emit far lower toxic fumes than conventional cars. Also, since it runs on a small gasoline engine and an electric motor, it is far quieter than conventional cars. This means that it can effectively help in reducing air pollution and noise as well.
Hybrid cars don’t need to be plugged in like electric cars to recharge. This is because the batteries are charged when the car itself is running or when the car is braking.
Recently, the President of the United States has signed an agreement in 2005 that states tax incentives for hybrid car buyers. This means that when you purchase a hybrid car, you will get huge tax relief depending on the hybrid car you purchase. It will depend on the amount of fuel it can save compared to a conventional car made in 2002 with the same weight class.
With all these benefits, gasoline-electric cars or hybrid cars is definitely the car of choice in today’s world. You will never be affected with constant oil price hikes and erratic movement in prices in the fuel industry.
With hybrid cars, you can benefit a lot more than you can imagine.
Posted on December 11, 2018 Author admingodCategories ยานพาหนะ, สาระน่ารู้Leave a comment on The Advantages of Gasoline Electric Hybrid Cars over Conventional Cars
Rediscovering the Wonders of the Toyota Prius Hybrid Car
Motor Trends Car of the Year for 2004, North American Car of the Year in 2004, 2004 International Engine of the Year, 2005 European Car of the Year, 2006 Energuide Award in the Midsize segment, this and more are the accolades given to the Toyota Prius Hybrid Car. Undoubtedly one of the most popular and most regarded competitor in the ever growing hybrid car segment, the Toyota Prius has definitely made a marked in the motor industry.
The Toyota Prius is a Hybrid car that makes a bold statement against environmental issues and the rising gas prices. It is also the first ever mass-produced hybrid car for commercial purposes. Its name itself means first.
The Toyota Prius hybrid car was first sold in Japan in 1997 before it was distributed all over the globe 4 years later in 2001. Its popularity was boosted by environmentalists touting it as the car for the future to save our planet from air pollution. Sales in North America ws strong and increasing annually. By fall of 2006, the Toyota Prius hybrid car had the strongest demand and has the longest preorder and waiting list there is presently.
Toyota sees the Prius as a venue that would provide the consumers with a vehicle that would produce less pollution and to be very energy efficient. And Toyota certainly reached that goal. They created the Prius from the bottom up resulting to a true hybrid vehicle that is loved worldwide.
Toyota engineers came up with a couple of ways to develop the Toyota Prius hybrid car to be unlike other previous concept electric cars, the Prius doesn’t ever need to be plugged in for recharging. The two electric motor generators get its power from the gas engine, recharging while the engine power is being used. Also, through regenerative braking, a process that recovers kinetic energy when the car brakes and transforming it to electrical energy to recharge the batteries.
By 2004 a second generation of Toyota Prius hybrid car was released on the market. Capitalizing on the development of the new Hybrid Synbergy Drive technology, the previous Toyota Hybrid System was replaced in the new generation Toyota Hybrids. Many improvements were developed and infused in the technology making the Toyota Prius hybrid car even better than before.
Aside from the engine, Toyota added more room to the Toyota Prius hybrid car making it wider and taller allowing for taller people to sit erect inside the car and allowing more views of the road.
Because of the success brought by the Toyota Prius hybrid car and the public awareness it has developed, Toyota has extended its Hybrid lineup to their other vehicles. This includes the Toyota Camry hybrid and their top of the line Lexus marquee with the Lexus RX400H.
Truly, the Toyota Prius hybrid car has gone a long way. Its engineering superiority and its excellent reputation has made it a great choice for many people. Even a lot of notable famous people have bought themselves a Toyota Prius hybrid car to show their support to environmental awareness.
Toyota has definitely hit the nail in the head with the Toyota Prius hybrid car and we can expect to see more of this technology in the future. With Toyota’s dedication to this endeavor, we can be sure that we can finally cut down on gas consumption and save our planet.
Posted on December 10, 2018 Author admingodCategories ยานพาหนะ, สาระน่ารู้Leave a comment on Rediscovering the Wonders of the Toyota Prius Hybrid Car
Lexus Hybrid Car: Driving in Luxury and Comfort without the High Cost of Gasoline
Spearheading Hybrid technology in the motor world, Toyota has several patents which are used by other auto manufacturers to avoid legal issues. Because they have been able to come up with a couple of firsts in the hybrid technology, Toyota is a definite front runner and has unselfishly shared some of these innovations to other car manufacturers.
But of course, those that belongs to the Toyota stable is fortunate to be able to be a part of this developments. Like their luxury marquee, Lexus, there have been a couple of vehicles that has been integrated with hybrid systems.
One of these is the Lexus RX 400H. Introduced first in the 2004 North American International Auto Show, this Lexus luxury vehicle is the second hybrid SUV to be mass produced. It was first released as a 2006 model. Lexus had a hard time filling the demands and had a virtual homerun with the Lexus RX 400H. With less noise than its conventional twin brother, this hybrid vehicle emits less gases and prevents frequent fill ups, you get more miles to the gallon, although not as much as the Prius. But then, it is an SUV.
The Lexus GS hybrid is another hybrid vehicle in the lineup that’s a part of the third generation Lexus GS. Equipped with the utmost comfort and features, this luxury midsize sports sedan has all the power and performance of its conventional mirror image but is more fuel efficient and environmentally friendly. The GS 450H comes with a 3.5 liter V6 engine and a high output electric drive motor that produces 340 total output horsepower. The sophisticated and sleek GS 450H has an estimated fuel consumption of 25 miles per gallon in the city and 28 in highway driving. For its price tag, you get features like Bluetooth technology, DVD navigation system, backup camera, homelink transceiver, a great sound system and other high end comforts and accessories.
Then there is the Lexus LS 600H L. It is the world’s first ever full hybrid car that is provided with a V8 engine. Test driving and even just looking at this remarkable vehicle screams innovation. Pumping power to this highly impressive luxury car is a 5.0-liter V8 gas engine with a high-output electronic motor that produces 430 horsepower. When pairing this specification with a conventional car, one would possibly think of the gallons upon gallons of fuel this car would digest. But it is a hybrid, so this means fewer pit stops for refueling and less gas emissions. Coupled with a number of luxurious features and accessories, the Lexus LS hybrid is certainly a gift worth giving to ones self.
Saving up on fuel and helping the environment doesn’t have to mean that we have to drive a small car that has an engine that could barely climb up a hill. We do not have to sacrifice comfort, safety and power. With the Lexus Hybrid lineup, backed up with Toyota’s experience and technology, we can have the best of both worlds.
Check out the internet for a Lexus hybrid car dealer near you, there are a lot of deals and special prices you can avail of. You can even read some reviews and check out which one would suit your lifestyle best.
Posted on December 9, 2018 Author admingodCategories ยานพาหนะ, สาระน่ารู้Leave a comment on Lexus Hybrid Car: Driving in Luxury and Comfort without the High Cost of Gasoline
Plug-In Hybrid Cars: A Cheaper Alternative
Because of the constant increase in fuel prices, many people are now considering getting rid of their gas guzzling conventional car and are now purchasing a cheaper alternative. Some people purchase cars with smaller engines for fuel efficiency and some people are now thinking of purchasing the car with the latest technology that enables them to cut fuel consumption by half.
These cars are called plug-in hybrid cars. With this car, you will be able to cut fuel consumption by more than half by taking advantage of the hybrid technology that many car manufacturers are now integrating in their new car models. Although plug in hybrid cars have existed for quite some time now, it was only about a few years ago that it was released in the market.
Plug-in hybrid cars are cars that combine the gasoline energy and the electric energy to run or to propel the car. Plug-in hybrid cars will enable you to run your car up to a hundred miles per gallon depending on the engine and the battery installed.
If you think that getting a good mileage per gallon is non existent, think again. With the technology being integrated by car manufacturers in their hybrid vehicles, it is now possible. This vehicle has two engines to run your car. One is the gasoline engine and the other is the electric motor. Just imagine a car that has an extension cord that you can plug-in in your home electricity outlet to recharge. You don’t even to worry about the cost of your electric bill because the recharging will just be equal to less than a dollar per gallon.
Just imagine a car that has two fuel sources. If one runs out, the car will still be able to run. You don’t have to plug in your plug-in hybrid car but if you do, your vehicle becomes an electric vehicle that will be able to run quietly, cleaner, cheaper and more efficient than conventional gasoline powered cars. You have to consider that the gasoline tanks are there for long driving purposes.
However, when you are only driving locally, you don’t need to fill your car with gasoline. All you need to do is plug-in your car to your home’s electric outlet and once it is fully charged, your car will be ready to go using the electric motor.
Imagine the savings that you can get with a plug-in hybrid car.
However, these things are not the only benefits that you can get with plug-in hybrid cars. You will be shocked once you find out about the other benefits that you can get with a hybrid car. If you have a hybrid car, the service cost will tend to be lower because it is mainly electric.
Another great thing about plug-in hybrid cars is that it will be able to power your home in case of power outage. It can act as an electricity generator.
Recently, tax incentives have been imposed by the government to hybrid car buyers. This means that as a buyer of a plug-in hybrid car, you will be able to enjoy tax breaks.
You will also help improve the condition of the environment because it runs on the cleanest energy source available, which is electricity. This means that the car will produce no toxic emissions when it is running on electricity. Also, when it runs on gasoline, the emissions are also very low because of the small size of the gasoline engine.
These are some of the benefits that you can get with plug-in hybrid cars. So, if you think that you are spending too much on gasoline for your gas-guzzling conventional vehicle, you can start saving money by getting a plug-in hybrid car.
Posted on December 8, 2018 Author admingodCategories ยานพาหนะ, สาระน่ารู้Leave a comment on Plug-In Hybrid Cars: A Cheaper Alternative
Hybrid Sports Cars: Fulfilling Your Need for Speed While Saving On Fuel
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If you are a type of person who likes exotic high speed sports car, then you should prepare to spend a lot of money on gasoline. Sports cars are known to have large engines to achieve high amounts of speed. Having large engines mean that it will also consume large amounts of fuel.
For the typical person, this kind of car is definitely not something that they should drive everyday, especially because of the rising prices of gasoline. However, why do people still drool and save money to buy these expensive sports car? Maybe it’s because of the high speed capability that they can take advantage of whenever they feel the need for speed, or maybe because it’s because of the sleek and stylish look of these vehicles.
Hybrid technology is now being used to produce fuel efficient cars. These cars are designed to be lightweight, and aerodynamic with small engines to maximize fuel efficiency. However, hybrid cars are relatively slow because of the small engine. Hybrid cars existing today are designed for city or local driving where you don’t need to go on high speeds. You have to consider that these cars are designed to be fuel efficient.
However, car manufacturers today are now opening up a new line of hybrid cars. Some already built a prototype or a concept car to be shown to the public. These hybrid cars are designed to achieve high amounts of speed but at the same time, take advantage of the hybrid technology to save fuel.
High speed hybrid sports cars are being designed by car manufacturers today to satisfy consumers who like to go at high speeds and at the same time, save fuel. The gasoline-electric engine concept is so popular today that manufacturers, such as Toyota and Honda are now opening a new line in their factory that produces hybrid sports cars.
Major auto shows have shown different hybrid sports car concepts from different large car manufacturers. One is the high performance hybrid sports car from Mitsubishi called the Mitsubishi Eclipse Concept-E. This hybrid concept sports car is a very good example of what sports cars will look like in the near future.
Mitsubishi’s Eclipse Concept-E takes advantage of the hybrid technology. The front wheels are driven by the parallel hybrid system. This means that the electric motor is integrated with the gasoline engine, which is a 3.8 liter V6. With the gasoline engine and the electric motor, it is able to have a power output of 270 horsepower.
The new generation of sports car like the Mitsubishi Eclipse Concept-E is only one of the concept hybrid sports cars that are now being talked about by sports car fanatics. With the hybrid technology integrated into sports cars, you will definitely save a lot of money on fuel while letting you combine fuel efficiency and power all in one package.
Hybrid sports car is definitely the sports car of the future. It is now possible to have a sports car that is able to save fuel and still give you maximum performance. With hybrid sports car, you can now own a luxury sports car that is able to cut fuel consumption. You can satisfy your speed urges without sacrificing big money for fuel.
Posted on December 7, 2018 Author admingodCategories ยานพาหนะ, สาระน่ารู้Leave a comment on Hybrid Sports Cars: Fulfilling Your Need for Speed While Saving On Fuel
Hybrid Electric Car: A Promising Technology for a Promising Future for the Environment
A hybrid-electric vehicle, or HEV, combines an electrical energy storage system with an occupied means of generating electrical energy, usually through the consumption of some type of fuel. Each type of HEV has its own operating quality and chosen design practices, as well as advantages and disadvantages.
The development of interior ignition engine vehicles, especially in automobiles, is one of the supreme achievements of modern technology as a new rising energy saving and environment -friendly vehicle, that’s why the hybrid-electric vehicles were created to give convenience to every human.
In the process of creating the hybrid electric car, the most important is the energy saving and the environmental protection. Wherein nowadays this are the common problems faced by the society.
Having the hybrid-electric car evolved from the electric car. However, the main disadvantage of the electric car is that it is mainly dependent on the batteries. Therefore, has limited range.
First of all, the hybrid electric car was supposed to be an electric vehicle with batteries for power storage and is also equipped with an on-board heat engine-powered generator. This means that this type of hybrid has an extended range.
The heat engine power and the battery power are specifically intended as an important scheme that constantly modulates the excess between the heat engine and the battery power systems. This will also depend on the driving schedule.
Since the beginning of the use of automobiles, electric cars have been already recognized and conceptualized. Even though the electric power train is better in various aspects, as an energy source, the battery was unequal to the superior-energy content, easiness in terms of the handling, and inexpensive and profuse supplies of motor fuel.
Now, it has almost been a century since the electric car has been popularly discussed, but recent developments in the HEV technology and the growing concerns for the environment has revived the drive for an HEV and this has become a realization today.
We can consider the personal means of transportation as a very important bond in the economic chain of today’s modern societies and that a private vehicle appears to be the popular choice.
Electric vehicles are more energy efficient than the contemporary vehicles wherein the electric vehicles operates at approximately 46 percent of effectiveness, while a contemporary vehicle operates at about 18 percent only.
There are studies that generally concludes that electric cars with batteries are approximately 10 to 30 percent more efficient with energy than the usual gasoline cars, depending on the exact assumptions of the vehicles energy usage and energy chain efficiency.
Certainly, the comparisons of the electric vehicles and the conventional vehicles are comparisons between an extremely developed power system that is nearly in the end of its research and development, and the innovative power system in the beginning stages of the development wherein important development can be expected as the new technology evolves.
Furthermore, the advantages of electric powered modes of transportation extends beyond the true outlook of economizing energy. Electric generation plants can use substitute fuels that are not adaptable to portable power systems.
Electric vehicles are the definitive alternative fuel vehicles because their power is taken from the source fuels utilized to produce electricity. Aside from that, the flexibility of the fuel alone can offer important useful and economic advantages especially in relation to a variety of energy resources.
The electric car is truly a promising technology that could transform one’s means of transportation into a far more environmentally type of commodity. Through this innovation emission controls become more important, effective and economically beneficial.
Posted on December 5, 2018 Author admingodCategories ยานพาหนะ, สาระน่ารู้Leave a comment on Hybrid Electric Car: A Promising Technology for a Promising Future for the Environment
Hybrid Cars: With Every Advantage There are Always Disadvantages
Hybrid cars are considered as the car of the future. It is able to effectively conserve fuel and at the same time, it only produces low levels of toxic fumes. Because of these benefits, hybrid cars are now growing in popularity every single day. Many people are now considering getting rid of their conventional cars and purchase a hybrid car to help in cutting fuel consumption cost.
Hybrid cars have two engines for it to effectively conserve fuel consumption. It has the traditional gasoline engine and it also has an electric motor and batteries. The two engines work together in order to cut fuel consumption. With this technology, you will be able to cut fuel usage by more than half. Just imagine, with a hybrid car, you will be able to go more than 60 miles to the gallon. With this kind of savings, hybrid cars are definitely the car of the future.
Hybrid car owners virtually don’t feel the increasing cost in fuel prices. This is the main advantage of the hybrid car. There are other advantages that a hybrid car can give you. Recently, the President of the United States has signed an agreement that hybrid car buyers will be able to enjoy tax incentives. This means that by owning a hybrid car, you will be able to save money on taxes.
There are other benefits that the government imposes on hybrid car owners, such as free parking, and free entry to car pool lanes. Some even offer discounted fees on toll gates.
The braking in hybrid cars is also configured to capture the energy released and uses it to charge the batteries inside the hybrid car. This means that unlike electric cars, hybrid cars don’t actually need to be charged from your home electric outlet.
However, with all the advantages that a hybrid car can give you, there are also disadvantages. The main disadvantage of hybrid cars is that the retail price is quite expensive. Only people who have enough money can purchase hybrid cars. However, the twist in all this is that hybrid cars are actually cheaper when compared to conventional cars in the long run. If you compute the total fuel consumption of both cars, you will actually see that you can save a lot more money on hybrid cars.
The only thing is that hybrid cars are expensive right from the car lot.
Hybrid cars are relatively heavy because of the heavy batteries installed inside the car. This is why hybrid car manufacturers integrates smaller internal combustion engines and are constructed with light materials and should be aerodynamic in order to maximize efficiency. This means that hybrid cars can never really go fast.
Another issue about hybrid cars is that it is very risky in accidents. What makes a hybrid car work effectively is also what makes it risky if it ever gets involved in an accident. This is because hybrid cars stores high amount of voltage in its batteries. This means that there is a high chance of getting electrocuted when you get involved in an accident. This also means that it is relatively difficult for rescuers to get the drivers and passengers out of the hybrid cars because of the dangers of high voltage in the car.
These are the advantages and the disadvantages of hybrid cars. Car manufacturers today are now looking for ways to get rid of the disadvantages of hybrid cars. In the near future, you will see that hybrid cars will be lighter and also contains less risk due to high voltage dangers.
Posted on December 4, 2018 Author admingodCategories ยานพาหนะ, สาระน่ารู้Leave a comment on Hybrid Cars: With Every Advantage There are Always Disadvantages
Hybrid Cars: What’s All The Fuss About?
It is a fact that people simply loves hybrid cars. They love hybrid cars because of the benefits it can give them, t6o the other people and the environment. So, what is it about hybrid cars that it is now attracting more and more people to get one for their own?
First of all, if you have a hybrid car, you will be able to cut fuel consumption in half. When was the last time you pulled your car over to a pumping station? If you recently did, you will notice that the price of gasoline is on a constant rise. When compared to conventional cars, hybrid cars will enable you to cut fuel consumption in half. This means fewer trips to the gasoline station. Just imagine yourself driving a car that can travel more than 60 miles per gallon. This may sound good enough for you to get a hybrid car, but there are more benefits that you can get from hybrid cars.
Back in 2005, President George Bush has signed an agreement that lets the buyers and users of hybrid car enjoy huge tax breaks. Because of this, you will be able to save money on taxes. Another great benefit that you can get when you have a hybrid cars are free parking, and some states have imposed a law that hybrid cars should be discounted on toll gates.
Hybrid cars are also known to emit far lower levels of pollutants in the air. This means less air pollution. This will also mean that it will tend to reduce the effects of global warming and will enable you and other people to breathe cleaner air.
These are just some of the things that hybrid cars can give you. You will now ask what kind of technology is inside hybrid cars that makes it so fuel efficient and environmentally friendly.
Hybrid cars are integrated with the hybrid technology currently existing today. In fact, hybrid technology has existed for a long time. It is used on locomotives, it is used on submarines and it is used in some buses in some states and countries.
Hybrid technology is a combination of electricity and the standard engine. For example, in locomotives, it combines the diesel engine and electric engine, and in submarines, it combines the nuclear engine and electric engine. This is far more efficient than letting the conventional engine run on its own.
In hybrid cars, it combines the energy of gasoline engines and an electric motor to power the car. This means that with both engines running, it will lessen the load on the internal combustion engine. The electric motor will share the labor. With this technology it will allow you to save precious fuel and also let you emit far lower volumes of toxic fumes in the air.
For example, if your hybrid car is running idle, it will automatically switch off the gasoline engine and let the car run on pure electricity. This can save you a lot of fuel especially if you are stuck in a gridlock traffic jam.
Today, there are hybrid cars that are designed to run even when the gasoline engine is switched off. This kind of hybrid car will eventually get rid of gasoline station trips. And, it will let you travel without emitting toxic fumes. The gasoline engine will only act as a backup engine when the battery pack runs out of power. The braking and the engine will automatically recharge the battery pack preparing it for another purely electric run. This means that you don’t actually have to plug in your hybrid car to your electrical outlet for it to recharge.
So, if you need a car that runs cleaner, quieter and far more fuel efficient, you should consider getting a hybrid car.
Posted on December 2, 2018 Author admingodCategories ยานพาหนะ, สาระน่ารู้Leave a comment on Hybrid Cars: What’s All The Fuss About?
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The Web of Fear (novel reading)
Starring: David Troughton
By: Terrance Dicks
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Note: This is an audio reading of Terrance Dicks' 1976 novelisation. Not to be confused with the TV audio soundtrack of the same story, released in 2000.
David Troughton reads this gripping classic novelisation of a Second Doctor TV adventure featuring the Yeti and the Great Intelligence
"Attention to detail is a hallmark of this always excellent range"
For 40 years Professor Travers' Yeti has been quiet, a collector's item in a museum. Then, without warning, it awakes and savagely murders. Patches of mist begin to appear in Central London, those who linger in it found dead, their faces smothered in cobwebs.
When the Doctor, Jamie and Victoria arrive in the London Underground, they find that the web is remorselessly spreading. What's more, hordes of Yeti are roaming the misty streets and cobwebbed tunnels, killing everyone in their path. London has been gripped tight in a web of fear.
The Doctor and his friends unite with the army, led by one Colonel Lethbridge-Stewart, in defence of planet Earth. But an old enemy is lurking in the shadows...
David Troughton, who has played several roles in the BBC TV series, reads this complete and unabridged novelisation, first published by Target Books in 1976.
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September 30 at 6:30 p.m.-- #WildArtColumbus Live Auction & Party
In this month-long initiative to bring new art to the tiny screen, a different Columbus artist and their work is showcased as they post to Wild Goose Creative's social media sites. Follow along at #wildartcolumbus. Instagram: @wildgoosecreative. Facebook: facebook.com/wildgoosecreativecolumbus
I have been creating the Kusudama Origami lamps for over 5 years. The Kusudama means flower medicine in Japanese and wards off evil and sickness in any environment, displaying beauty luck in love in place of it.
www.paperbloomslgd.com
www.instagram.com/paperblooms_
Sponsor: thelab
Paula J. Lambert, author of The Sudden Seduction of Gravity (Full/Crescent Press, 2012) and The Guilt That Gathers (Pudding House, 2009) is a Residency Artist in Creative Writing for the Ohio Arts Council, was past recipient of an OAC Individual Artist Fellowship, and was a resident fellow at the Virginia Center for the Creative Arts. Her literary work has appeared in a wide variety of journals and anthologies. She is also an accomplished artist focusing on mixed media/collage and iPhone photography.
paulajlambert.com
Sponsor: Edwards Urban | The Normandy
Danielle Rante lives and works in Columbus, Ohio. She is currently an Associate Professor of Printmaking and Drawing at Wright State University. She received her M.F.A. in printmaking from the University of Iowa in 2006.
Rante works in drawing, painting, printing, paper cutting, installations and tableaus of small organic objects. Sourcing material directly from the environments she visits, Rante’s practice incorporates site-specific field research into geographical happenings, direct interaction with the landscape and its inhabitants, and meditative mark-making. Akin to a botanist collecting live plant specimens in the wild, or an astronomist mapping locations beyond the earth’s atmosphere, Rante is interested in the meeting place between the physical environment we encounter and the narratives of a place. She explores our cultural subjectivity in relation to historical events or shifts in the landscape, investigating collective and personal speculation, while remaining a present witness.
She has exhibited work national and internationally, including the K. Imperial Fine Art (San Francisco, CA), International Print Center New York (NY, NY), Hudson D. Walker Gallery (Provincetown, MA), Shanxi University Art Gallery (China) and featured in New American Paintings (Volume 89). She has been a recipient of many grants, including the Ohio Art Council’s Individual Excellence award and has attended residencies at The Headlands Center for the Arts (Sausalito CA), Nes Artist Residency (Iceland), Fine Arts Work Center (Provincetown MA) and Philadelphia Art Hotel (Philadelphia PA).
www.daniellerante.com
www.instagram.com/danielle_projects
Sponsor: Gateway Film Center
Traditional film based photographer, born and raised in Columbus,Ohio
www.instagram.com/rogers.nolan
Based in Columbus, Ohio, Lucie Shearer creates striking and elegant female portraits in a contemporary style that flirts with the surreal, often revealing a story deeper than what meets the eye. Her favorite medium is oil on canvas but she also enjoys acrylics, pen and ink, and graphite. She currently shares a studio with Jake Mensinger at 400 West Rich in Franklinton.
www.lucieshearer.com
www.instagram.com/lucieshearer.art
Jake Mensinger (b. 1989) is an artist and oil painter based out of Columbus, Ohio.
Mensinger graduated from Columbus College of Art and Design with a Bachelor's of Fine Arts in Illustration in 2012.
His introspective and dramatic paintings depict scenes where dreams have merged with reality, society has taken a turn for the worst, and a foreboding sense of unease hangs overhead .
His works are meticulously crafted in caustic color palettes through the traditional use of oil paint on canvas.
www.mensingerart.com
www.instagram.com/mensingerart
Sponsor: Taft Stettinius & Hollister LLP | Attorney Leon Bass
Fred Lee founded Actual Brewing Oct, 2010 and went into business brewing in May 2012.
http://www.actualbrewing.com
www.instagram.com/actualbrewing
Sponsor: Market65
Available Light Theatre is a fellowship of artists dedicated to building a more conscious and compassionate world by creating joyful and profound theatre and by serving our community.
www.avltheater.com
https://www.facebook.com/avltheatre
Hello! My name is Michael Creath. I am a Plantscape Designer. I love to create things using earth-based items--plants, moss, branches, fungus, gravel and drift wood. My works evoke a feeling of botanical bliss. I specialize in Vertical Gardening and Living Walls. From indoors to outdoors, to small frames and giant walls, I have so many ways to grow living plants that truly, the sky is the limit. Not only do I color outside the lines but I plant outside the garden! I love to bring my horticultural spice to any situation.
https://www.facebook.com/CreathLandscapeDesign
www.instagram.com/creath_cultivar
Sponsor: CivitasNow
Philip is a writer, marketer, and musician. His art encompasses live performance and written and spoken word.
Adam Elliott is a songwriter, drummer, and artist. His works utilize text and textures to create visually engaging collages.
nobighair.tumblr.com
www.instagram.com/pheeellll
www.instagram.com/adamleibovitz
Sponsor: Wexner Center for the Arts
DAVID and STEPHEN MORROW grew up together in Columbus, Ohio. Their moving images have been screened at The New York Television Festival and on comedy central dot com, among other places.
Hello, my name is Brooke LaValley and I am a photojournalist currently living in Columbus, Ohio.
I completed my degree studying Photojournalism and Creative Writing at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio in the winter of 2011. I have participated in the Eddie Adams Workshop and completed internships with the Hartford Courant and The Columbus Dispatch.
I was hired as a staff member of The Columbus Dispatch in July of 2011. I love taking pictures, meeting people and spending every day exploring this profession that means so much to me.
brookelavalley.com
instagram.com/brookelabrooke
Sponsor: Cindy Leland
Melissa Petty is a yoga teacher, coffee lover, beer enthusiast, and donut connoisseur. Her practice, as well as her teaching, is based on the aim of letting go, getting weird, and not taking yourself too seriously. It is her hope that each of her students learns to challenge their perception of themselves.
melissapettyyoga.com
www.instagram.com/pertyyy
Jessie Horning is an MFA Candidate in the area of Printmaking at
Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio.
After earning her BFA from Kutztown University in 2011 she worked as the
Teaching Assistant in Printmaking at Bucknell University.
Her most recent work explores human interactions with ecological processes through the practices of agriculture and horticulture.
www.jessiehorning.com
Brittany Faye Helms was born and raised in China Grove, North Carolina. She received her B.F.A. in Ceramics from East Carolina University in 2009. After graduation she continued wood firing as a year long artist in residence at The Cub Creek Foundation in Appomattox, Virginia. In the fall of 2010 she attended Southern Illinois University of Carbondale for a post baccalaureate to explore earthenware. Shortly after, she was a yearlong resident at The Red Lodge Clay Center and used her time there to prepare and apply for graduate school. Currently, Brittany Faye Helms is attending the graduate program at The Ohio Sate University in Columbus.
brittanyfayehelms.com
Sponsor: Available Light Theatre
Allison Rose Craver grew up in East Aurora, NY and received a BFA from Alfred University in 2010. Following graduation she received a job at Watershed Center for the Ceramic Arts. She went on to completed a residency at Genesee Pottery in Rochester, NY. In 2011 Allison migrated to the Midwest to be a special student in the at Univeristy of Wisconsin-Madsion and accepted a position as Studio Manager at Midwest Clay Project. Allison has shown work nationally, including at Archie Bray Foundation for the Ceramic Arts in Helena, MT and Arrowmont School of Arts and Crafts in Gatlinburg, TN. In 2014 she was invited to demonstrate in the Process Room at the annual National Council on Education for the Ceramic Arts conference in Milwaukee, WI. Allison is currently a 2017 MFA candidate at The Ohio State University. When she isn't in the studio, Allison can be found thrifting, cooking and taking notes.
www.allisonrosecraver.com
www.instagram.com/AllisonRoseyy
Sponsor: The Business of Art Series
I was born in the Netherlands and grew up in the UK. My art education began in London at Byam Shaw. Afterwards I received my BFA at Central Saint Martins. During my BFA I participated in an exchange at Oslo National Academy of the Arts. Upon completing my BFA I was included in the Clyde & Co 2014 Art Awards and shortlisted for the Works in Print 2014 Arts Graduate Prize for my drawing work. I have exhibited in London, UK and Oslo, Norway. Currently I am a MFA candidate at Ohio State University.
www.dsvanstrien.com
www.instagram.com/samvanstrien
Emma Kindall comes from the land of 10,000 lakes (Minnesota) and has lived in Columbus for two years. She did her undergrad at the Lyme Academy of Fine Art and is currently a MFA candidate in printmaking at OSU.
emmakindall.com
www.instagram.com/emmakindall
Sponsor: Spacebar
Originally from Upstate New York Britny received her BFA in Ceramics at Alfred University in 2012 before relocating to Columbus in the fall of 2014 to start graduate school in the Art Department at OSU.
cargocollective.com/britnywainwright
www.instagram.com/Bleewainwright
Sponsor: Green Columbus
Jimbo Tamoro is the two dimensional artistic equivalent of the smooth musical stylings of Kenny G mixed with the Oscar worthy, tear jerking performances of Jean-Claude Van Damme. As a child, a miscreant, Jimbo Tamoro, was taken in and trained by a champion artist, who went so far as to adopt Jimbo into his family after the premature death of his own son. Now, decades later, Jimbo is a skilled artist himself and a monkey trainer in the U.S. Military. Upon the death of his surrogate father and sensei, Jimbo is informed of a mysterious, no-holds barred, highly illegal arts tournament in Columbus, OH known only as the kumite. At the bidding of his sensei and against direct orders from his military superiors Jimbo travels to Columbus, OH to participate and uphold his master’s honor. In order to succeed not only will he have to win the tournament; he must also evade capture by two military police sent to arrest him and the prying questions of a nosy reporter eager for a story.
www.instagram.com/jimbo3378
Since I was young, my longing to explore and create has always driven me. I consider myself a horribly observant individual. Making art is a way to express an emotion, which I unceasingly strive to convey.
https://www.facebook.com/mandi.e.caskey
http://mandiellen.wix.com/making-marks
www.instagram.com/lil_miss_birdy
Deanna Poelsma is a ceramic artist from Bradenton, Florida based in Columbus, Ohio. She holds a BFA from the Columbus College of Art and Design and is employed at the Greater Columbus Arts Council. Active in the arts community, Deanna has served on multiple boards, juried the Association of Independent Colleges & Universities of Ohio Excellence in the Visual Arts Awards, curated multiple exhibitions and is an artist member of Crafthaus, National Council on Education for the Ceramic Arts, Ohio Designer Craftsman and is a Certified Tourism Ambassador. Her work has been featured in numerous exhibitions and highlighted in CityScene Magazine.
www.deannapoelsma.com
www.instagram.com/dpoelsma
Sponsor: The Crest Gastropub | Clintonville
Kevin Duffy: Columbus, Ohio
Kevin is an artist and graphic designer. He studied painting & drawing at Ohio State University, and received an MFA in 2 Dimensional Design from Cranbrook Academy of Art. Melding disciplines, Kevin's work manifests in many forms—drawings, collage, digital abstractions, typeface design, and zines. Kevin has taught studio courses at Alfred University and Ball State University. He currently works at a small design studio.
kpduffy.com
www.instagram.com/staygoldism
Sponsor: Hoof Hearted Brew Pub & Kitchen
Chelsea is a graphic designer by day and an artist by night. She is inspired by text, geometry, and anything calming.
www.instagram.com/chelsearboydart
Sponsor: Capital City Scooters
Hailing from the Laurel Highlands in southwestern Pennsylvania, I am an artist, researcher and activist. I developed a framework that demonstrates arts true power to incite sociopolitical awareness and advocate global reform in a provocative, yet slightly entertaining manner. My work has now become a hybrid of printmaking, installation, performance and mixed media.
www.gabemichaelkenney.com
www.instagram.com/asop900
Sponsor: The Spacebar
Mary Ann is active in the Columbus art community and has shown in gallery and festival settings. She earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the Columbus College of Art and Design in1995 and when she is not creating she is a youth services manager for the Columbus Metropolitan Library. She is inspired by good art, good music, friends and old stuff. Her art has evolved over the years from 2D landscape inspired paintings and drawings to 3D mixed media assemblage. MaryAnn works out of her garage studio that she shares with her canine companions Wyatt and Maple.
www.maryanncrago.com
www.instagram.com/maryann0094
As an only child, growing up in a small western Pennsylvania town was an amazing beginning to my art career. The freedom to roam, explore and create anything my mind could conjure, set the precedence for who I am and what my work has become. My youth was filled with building earthen forts, rock hunting, building small dams in the local creeks, and so much more.
Throughout my teens and college years, I began to focus on my career as an artist and while I still felt invigorated by nature, I had longed for the city. After graduating from college, I made my move directly to Columbus, Ohio. The perfect choice to have a symbiotic blend of both a big city and country mentality. This meld of culture and geography has allowed me to not only create work in my studio, but also venture off into the wooded areas of Columbus to pursue my passion for large scale earthworks.
Now approaching 40, and having spent an equal amount of time in both an urban and rural environment, my ideas and concepts are beginning to merge into both environments. My latest work is a combination of forms from my previous earthworks, but built from the remains of the urban environment.
As this concept evolves, I hope to be able to engage both urban city scapes and the open wilderness with materials that are both natural and manufactured, to create thought provoking and visually stimulating work that I refer to as “Urban Works.”
http://www.studio75art.com/
www.instagram.com/WHERRMANN75
Sponsor: The Crest Gastropub | Parsons
We're Jake and Adele, we run a nice little supper club from our home called Gourmet Picnic, and we've recently started our own baking business named Companion Baking Co.
We like stuff like dogs, and sourdough mamas(lactic acid), growing gardens to get those fresh veggies, picking stuff from places unusual to people, driving places just to drive, and daikon radishes(really, they're gonna be hot next year!)
Our food projects have two parts, REALLY GOOD FOOD, and food education, both are intrinsically important to us and its what we find ourselves doing the most; educating, and cooking!
(from an art perspective– and what you will receive from our auction, is a thrilling social escapade from which you will meet a friend or two and have a lot of real fun experiences together, maybe you'll even learn something--(we are being as vague as possible!)
Best, and keep-up those likes up!
www.companionbagel.com
www.instagram.com/Companionbagel
I am Patrick Vincent, and the artist, "Sold". My work is created using music and perfume together as one muse. I am always inspired by the present moment and the other lives I am surrounded by, I pursue the ideal balance of a working art life and a happy life itself. I hope my work and imagery can inspire the working creatives and the sleeping ones, I'm challenging myself to rise in the city of Columbus- so here goes nothing!
https://instagram.com/_suld/
Sponsor: The 2015 Columbus Improv Festival
Larry Robertson was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio and has resided in Columbus, Ohio for the last 6 years. Drawing inspiration from his inner-city roots, beautiful urban surroundings and frequent travels, he creates music, clothing, images and unique experiences. A big fan of collaboration, he is excited to be a part of the creative movement that is currently happening in Ohio.
www.instagram.com/larryrobertson
Sponsor: Katalina's
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Showing results for tags 'saurolophinae'.
saurolophinae
Fruitbat's Pdf Library - Superfamily Hadrosauroidea
Fruitbat posted a topic in Documents
These are a few of the pdf files (and a few Microsoft Word documents) that I've accumulated in my web browsing. MOST of these are hyperlinked to their source. If you want one that is not hyperlinked or if the link isn't working, e-mail me at joegallo1954@gmail.com and I'll be happy to send it to you. Please note that this list will be updated continuously as I find more available resources. All of these files are freely available on the Internet so there should be no copyright issues. Articles with author names in RED are new additions since January 1, 2018. Order Ornithischia - The 'Bird-Hipped' Dinosaurs † Suborder Ornithopoda Clade Hadrosauriformes Superfamily Hadrosauroidea Ramirez-Velasco, A.A., et al. (2016). Spinal and rib osteopathy in Huehuecanauhltus tiquichensis (Ornithopoda: Hadrosauroidea) from the Late Cretaceous in Mexico. Historical Biology, 2016. Xu, S.-C., et al. (2016). A new hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Tianzhen, Shanxi Province, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 54(1). Basal Hadrosauroidea Arkhangelsky, M.S. and A.O. Averianov (2003). On the Find of a Primitive Hadrosauroid Dinosaur (Ornithischia, Hadrosauroidea) in the Cretaceous of the Belogrod Region. Paleontological Journal, Vol.37, Number 1. Barrett, P.M., et al. (2009). Cranial anatomy of the iguanodontoid ornithopod Jinzhousaurus yangi from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China. Acta Paleontologica Polonica, 54(1). Dalla Vecchia, F.M.(2009). Telmatosaurus and Other Hadrosauroids of the Cretaceous European Archipelago. An Update. Natura Nascosta, Number 39. Gilpin, D., T. DiCroce and K. Carpenter (2006). 5. A Possible New Basal Hadrosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Eastern Utah. In: Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Carpenter, K. (ed.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Godefroit, P., et al. (2012). A new basal hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Kazakhstan. In: Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. Godefroit, P. (ed.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Grigorescu, D. and Z. Csiki(2006). Ontogenetic development of Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus (Ornithischia: Hadrosauria) from the Maastrichtian of the Hateg Basin, Romania - evidence from the limb bones. Hantkeniana, 5. McDonald, A.T., et al. (2012). Osteology of the Basal Hadrosauroid Eolambia caroljonesa (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah. PLoS ONE, 7(10). Prieto-Marquez, A. and M. Norell (2010). Anatomy and Relationships of Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis from the Late Cretaceous of Central Asia. American Museum Novitates, Number 3694. Shibata, M. and Y. Azuma (2015). New basal hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation, Fukui, central Japan. Zootaxa, 3914(4). Sues, H.-D. and A. Averianov (2009). A new basal hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan and the early radiation of duck-billed dinosaurs. Proc.R.Soc. B, 276. Wang, R.-F., et al. (2015). A second hadrosauroid dinosaur from the early Late Cretaceous of Zuoyun, Shanxi Province, China. Historical Biology, 2015. Wang, R.-F., et al. (2013). A New Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Early Late Cretaceous of Shanxi Province, China. PLoS ONE, 8(10). Weishampel, D.B., D.B. Norman, and D. Grigorescu (1993). Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus from the Late Cretaceous of Romania: The Most Basal Hadrosaurid Dinosaur. Palaontology, Vol.36, Part 2. Xing, H., et al. (2014). A New Basal Hadrosauroid Dinosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) with Transitional Features from the Late Cretaceous of Henan Province, China. PLoS ONE, 9(6). You, H.-l., et al. (2003). The earliest-known duck-billed dinosaur from deposits of late Early Cretaceous age in northwest China and hadrosaur evolution. Cretaceous Research, 24. Family Hadrosauridae - Duck-billed Dinosaurs Subfamily Hadrosaurinae - Non-crested/Solid-crested Hadrosaurs Freedman Fowler, E.A. and J.R. Horner (2015). A New Brachylophosaurin Hadrosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) with an Intermediate Nasal Crest from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Northcentral Montana. PLoS ONE, 10(11). Gates, T.A., et al. (2011). New Unadorned Hadrosaurine Hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Campanian of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 31(4). Kirkland, J.I., et al. (2006). Large Hadrosaurine Dinosaurs from the Latest Campanian of Coahuila, Mexico. In: Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior. Lucas, S.G. and R.M. Sullivan (eds.), New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 35. Prieto-Marquez, A., D.B. Weishampel, and J.R. Horner (2006). The dinosaur Hadrosaurus foulkii, from the Campanian of the East Coast of North America, with a reevaluation of the genus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 51(1). Zheng, R., A.A. Farke and G.-S. Kim (2011). A Photographic Atlas of the Pes from a Hadrosaurine Hadrosaurid Dinosaur. PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 8(7). Subfamily incertae sedis Prieto-Marquez, A., G.M. Erickson and J.A. Ebersole (2016). A Primitive Hadrosaurid from Southeastern North America and the Origin and Early Evolution of 'Duck-Billed' Dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1054495. Prieto-Marquez, A., G.M. Erickson and J.A. Ebersole (2016). Anatomy and Osteohistology of the basal hadrosaurid dinosaur Eotrachodon from the uppermost Santonian (Cretaceous) of southern appalachia. PeerJ, 4:e1872. Subfamily Lambeosaurinae - Crested Hadrosaurs Tribe Aralosaurini Godefroit, P., V. Alifanov and Y. Bolotsky (2004). A re-appraisal of Aralosaurus tubiferus (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Kazakhstan. Bulletin De L'Institut Royal Des Sciences Naturelles De Belgique - Sciences De La Terre, 74-Suppl. Prieto-Marquez, A., et al. (2013). Diversity, Relationships, and Biogeography of the Lambeosaurine Dinosaurs from the European Archipelago, with Description of the New Aralosaurin Canardia garonnensis. PLos ONE, 8(7). Tribe incertae sedis Bell, P.R. and K.S. Brink (2013). Kazaklambia convincens comb.nov., a primitive juvenile lambeosaurine from the Santonian of Kazakhstan. Cretaceous Research, xxx. (Article in press) Gates, T.A., et al. (2014). 9. New Hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) Specimens from the Lower-Middle Campanian Wahweap Formation of Southern Utah. In: Hadrosaurs. Eberth, D. (ed.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Tribe Lambeosaurini Brown, B. (1916). Corythosaurus casuarius: Skeleton, Musculature and Epidermis (Second Paper). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, Vol.XXXV, Article XXXVIII. Brown, B. (1916). Corythosaurus casuarius, a New Crested Dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous, with Provisional Classification of the Family Trachodontidae. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, Vol.XXXIII, Article XXXV. Cruzado-Caballero, P., et al. (2015). Paleoneuroanatomy of the European lambeosaurine dinosaur Arenysaurus ardevoli. PeerJ 3:e802. Gates, T.L., et al. (2007). Velafrons coahuilensis, A New Lambeosaurine Hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Late Campanian Cerro Del Pueblo Formation, Coahuila, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27(4). Godefroit, P., Y.L. Bolotsky and I.Y. Bolotsky (2012). Osteology and relationships of Olorotitan arharensis, a hollow-crested hadrosaurid dinosaur from the latest Cretaceous of Far Eastern Russia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 57(3). Godefroit, P., Y.L. Bolotsky and J. Van Itterbeek (2004). The lambeosaurine dinosaur Amurosaurus raibinini, from the Maastrichtian of Far Eastern Russia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 49(4). Godefroit, P., Y.L. Bolotsky, and V. Alifanov (2003). A remarkable hollow-crested hadrosaur from Russia: an Asian origin for lambeosaurines. C.R. Palevol, 2. Lauters, P., et al. (2013). Cranial Endocast of the Lambeosaurine Hadrosaurid Amurosaurus raibinini from the Amur Region, Russia. PLoS ONE, 8(11). Pereda-Superbiola, X., et al. (2009). The last hadrosaurid dinosaurs of Europe: A new lambeosaurine from the Uppermost Cretaceous of Aren (Huesca, Spain). C.R. Palevol, 8. Prieto-Marquez, A., L.M. Chiappe and S.H. Joshi (2012). The Lambeosaurine Dinosaur Magnipaulia laticaudus from the Late Cretaceous of Baja California, Northwestern Mexico. PLoS ONE, 7(6). Sullivan, R.M., et al. (2011). The First Lambeosaurin (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae, Lambeosaurinae) from the Upper Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Formation (Naashoibito Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico. In: Fossil Record 3, Sullivan,R.M., et al. (eds.). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 53. Suzuki, D., D.B. Weishampel and N. Minoura (2004). Nipponosaurus sachalinensis (Dinosauria; Ornithopoda): Anatomy and Systematic Position Within Hadrosauridae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24(1). Tribe Parasaurolophini Farke, A.A., et al. (2013). Ontogeny in the tube-crested dinosaur Parasaurolophus (Hadrosauridae) and heterochrony in hadrosaurids. PeerJ, 1:e182. Sullivan, R.M., S.G. Lucas and S.E. Jasinski (2011). The Humerus of a Hatchling Lambeosaurine (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) Referable to CF. Parasaurolophus tubicen from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation (De-Na-Zin Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico. In: Fossil Record 3, Sullivan,R.M., et al. (eds.). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 53. Sullivan, R.M. and G.E. Bennett (2000). A Juvenile Parasaurolophus (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation of New Mexico. In: Dinosaurs of New Mexico. Lucas, S.G. and A.B. Heckert (eds.), New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin Number 17. Tribe Tsintaosaurini Prieto-Marquez, A. and J.R. Wagner (2013). The 'Unicorn' Dinosaur That Wasn't: A New Reconstruction of the Crest of Tsintaosaurus and the Early Evolution of the Lambeosaurine Crest and Rostrum. PLoS ONE, 8(11). Prieto-Marquez, A. and J.R. Wagner (2009). Pararhabdodon isonensis and Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus: a new clade of lambeosaurine hadrosaurids from Eurasia. Cretaceous Research, 30. Prieto-Marquez, A., et al. (2006). Hadrosaurid Dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Spain: Pararhabdodon isonensis Revisited and Koutalisaurus kohlerorum, Gen. et Sp.Nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26(4). General Lambeosaurinae Cruzado-Caballero, P., et al. (2011). The Complex Fauna of European Maastrichtian Hadrosaurids: Contributions of the Lambeosaurines from the Iberian Peninsula. Evans, D.C., R. Ridgely and L.M. Witmer (2009). Endocranial Anatomy of Lambeosaurine Hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithischia): A Sensorineural Perspective on Cranial Crest Function. The Anatomical Record, 292. Weishampel, D.B. (1981). The Nasal Cavity of Lambeosaurine Hadrosaurids (Reptilia: Ornithischia): Comparative Anatomy and Homologies. Journal of Paleontology, 55(5). Subfamily Saurolophinae - Non-crested Hadrosaurs Tribe Brachylophosaurini Dilkes, D.W. (2000). Appendicular myology of the hadrosaurian dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Montana. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 90. Freedman Fowler, E.A. and J.R. Horner (2015). A New Brachylophosaurin Hadrosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) with an Intermediate Nasal Crest from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Northcentral Montana. PLoS ONE, 10(11). (31MB download) Gates, T.A., et al. (2011). New Unadorned Hadrosaurine Hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Campanian of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 31(4). Horner, J.R. (1983). Cranial Osteology and Morphology of the Type Specimen of Maiasaura peeblesorum (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) with Discussion of its Phylogenetic Position. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 3(1). Prieto-Marques, A. (2005). New Information on the Cranium of Brachylophosaurus canadensis (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae), With a Revision of its Phylogenetic Position. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25(1). Prieto-Marques, A. (2001). Osteology and Variation of Brachylophosaurus canadensis (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana. Masters Thesis - Montana State University. (40.3MB download) Prieto-Marques, A. and M.F. Guenther (2018). Perinatal specimens of Maiasaura from the Upper Cretaceous of Montana (USA): insights into the early ontogeny of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaurs. PeerJ, 6:e4734. (A 136.8MB high-res version is also available) (Thanks to Troodon for finding this one!) Tribe Edmontosaurini Campione, N.E. and D.C. Evans (2011). Cranial Growth and Variation in Edmontosaurs (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae): Implications for Latest Cretaceous Megaherbivore Diversity in North America. PLoS ONE, 6(9). Godefroit, P., Y.L. Bolotsky and P. Lauters (2012). A New Saurolophine Dinosaur from the Latest Cretaceous of Far Eastern Russia. PLoS ONE, 7(5). Manning, P.L., et al. (2009). Mineralized soft-tissue structure and chemistry in a mummified hadrosaur from the Hell Creek Formation, North Dakota (USA). Proc.R.Soc.B. Mori, H. (2014). Osteology, Relationships and Paleoecology of a New Arctic Hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Prince Creek Formation of Northern Alaska. Ph.D. Dissertation - University of Alaska, Fairbanks. (43.5MB download) Rybczynski, N., et al. (2008). A Three-Dimensional Animation Model of Edmontosaurus (Hadrosauridae) for Testing Chewing Hypotheses. Palaeontologia Electronica, Vol.11, Issue 2; 9A. Stanton Thomas, K.J. and S.J. Carlson (2004). Microscale δ18O and δ13C isotopic analysis of an ontogenetic series of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus: implications for physiology and ecology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 206. Xing, H., J.C. Mallon and M.L. Currie (2017). Supplementary cranial description of the types of Edmontosaurus regalis (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae), with comments on the phylogenetics and biogeography of the Hadrosaurinae. PLoS ONE, 12(4). (Thanks to Troodon for pointing this one out!) Xing, H., et al. (2014). Comparative Osteology and Phylogenetic Relationship of Edmontosaurus and Shantungosaurus (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and East Asia. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), Vol.88, Number 6. Tribe incertae sedis Prieto-Marquez, A. (2011). A Reapprisal of Barsboldia sicinskii (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Journal of Paleontology, 85(3). Tribe Kritosaurini (=Gryposaurini) Brown, B. (1910). The Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Beds of New Mexico with Description of the New Dinosaur Genus Kritosaurus. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, Vol.XXVIII, Article XXIV. Cruzado-Caballero, P. and R.A. Coria (2016). Revisiting the Hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) Diversity of the Allen Formation: A Re-Evaluation of Willinakaqe salitralensis from Salitral Moreno, Rio N*gro Province, Argentina. Ameghiniana, Vol.53(2). Gates, T.A. and R. Scheetz (2014). A new saurolophine hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Campanian of Utah, North America. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2014. Gates, T.A. and S.D. Sampson (2007). A new species of Gryposaurus (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the late Campanian Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah, USA. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 151. Juarez Valieri, R.D., et al. (2010). A new hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous) of Patagonia, Argentina. Rev.Mus. Argentino Cienc.Nat., n.s., 12(2). Kirkland, J.I., et al. (2006). Large Hadrosaurine Dinosaurs from the Latest Campanian of Coahuila, Mexico. In: Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior. Lucas, S.G. and R.M. Sullivan (eds.), New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 35. Lucas, S.G., et al. (2006). Anasazisaurus, a Hadrosaurian Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico. In: Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior. (Lucas,S.G. and R.M.Sullivan, eds.) New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35. Tribe Saurolophini Bell, P.R. (2012). Standardized Terminology and Potential Taxonomic Utility for Hadrosaurid Skin Impressions: A Case Study for Saurolophus from Canada and Mongolia. PLoS ONE, 7(2). Bell, P.R. (2011). Cranial osteology and ontogeny of Saurolophus angustirostris from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia with comments on Saurolophus osborni from Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 56(4). Bell, P.R. and D.C. Evans (2010). Revision of the status of Saurolophus (Hadrosauridae) from California, USA. Can.J. Earth Sci., 47. Brown, B. (1916). A New Crested Trachodont Dinosaur Prosaurolophus maximus. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, Vol.XXXV, Article XXXVII. Brown, B. (1913). The Skeleton of Saurolophus, a Crested Duck-Billed Dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, Vol.XXXII, Article XIX. Brown, B. (1912). A Crested Dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, Vol.XXXI, Article XIV. Gates, T.A. and A.A. Farke (2009). Biostratigraphic and biogeographic implications of a hadrosaurid (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Almond Formation of Wyoming, USA. Cretaceous Research, 30. Maryanska, T. and H. Osmolska (1984). Postcranial Anatomy of Saurolophus angustirostris With Comments on Other Hadrosaurs. Palaeontologia Polonica, 46. Maryanska, T. and H. Osmolska (1981). Cranial Anatomy of Saurolophus angustirostris With Comments on Asian Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria). Palaeontologia Polonica, 42. Prieto-Marquez, A. and J.R. Wagner (2013). A new species of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of the Pacific coast of North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 58(2). Prieto-Marquez, T., et al. (2014). The late surviving 'duck-billed'dinosaur Augustynolophus from the upper Maastrichtian of western North America and crest evolution in Saurolophini. Geol.Mag. General Saurolophinae Barnes, K.R. (2014). Documentation of a New Saurolophinae Hadrosaur (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Lower Part of the Upper Shale Member of the Aguja Formation, (Late Middle to Early,Late Campanian), from the Big Bend Area of Texas. Big Bend Paleo-Geo Journal. General Hadrosauroids General Hadrosauroids - Africa/Middle East Buffetaut, E., et al. (2015). Hadrosauroid Dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of the Sultanate of Oman. PLoS ONE, 10(11). General Hadrosauroids - Antarctica Case, J.A., et al. (2000). The First Duck-Billed Dinosaur (Family Hadrosauridae) from Antarctica. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 20(3). General Hadrosauroids - Asia/Malaysia/Pacific Islands Averianov, A.O. and V.R. Alifanov (2012). New Data on Duck-Billed Dinosaurs (Ornithischia, Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Tajikistan. Paleontological Journal, Vol.46, Number 5. Godefroit, P., et al. (2008). New hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the uppermost Cretaceous of northeastern China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 53(1). Rozhdestvensky, A.K. Hadrosaurs of Kazakhstan. Tan, Q.-W., et al. (2015). New hadrosauroid material from the Upper Cretaceous Majiacun Formation of Hubei Province, central China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 53(3). Weishampel, D.B. and J.R. Horner (1986). The Hadrosaurid Dinosaurs from the Iren Dabasu Fauna (People's Republic of China, Late Cretaceous). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 6(1). Yang, D., Z. Wei, and W. Li (1986). Preliminary note on some hadrosaurs from the Cretaceous of Jiayin County, Heilongjiang Province (Manchuria). Nature Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Provincial Museum. General Hadrosauroids - Europe (including Greenland and Siberia) Buffetaut, E. (2009). An additional hadrosaurid specimen (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the marine Maastrichtian deposits of the Maastricht area. Carnets de Geologie, Letter 2009/03. Casanovas, M.L., et al. (1999). A primitive euhadrosaurian dinosaur from the uppermost Cretaceous of the Ager syncline (southern Pyrenees, Catalonia). Geologie en Mijnbouww, 73. Company, J., P. Cruzado-Caballero and J.I. Canudo (2015). Presence of diminutive hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) in the Maastrichtian of the south-central Pyrenees (Spain). Journal of Iberian Geology, 41(1). Company, J., A. Galobart and R. Gaete (1998). First Data on the Hadrosaurid Dinosaurs (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Valencia, Spain. Oryctos, Vol.1. Cruzado-Caballero, P., et al. (2014). A new hadrosaurid dentary from the latest Maastrichtian of the Pyrenees (north Spain) and the high diversity of the duck-billed dinosaurs of the Ibero-Armorician Realm at the very end of the Cretaceous. Historical Biology, Vol.26, Number 5. Dalla Vecchia, F.M. (2009). European hadrosauroids. Actas de las IV Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontologia de Dinosaurios y su Entorno. Dalla Vecchia, F.M., et al. (2014). The Hadrosaurid Record in the Maastrichtian of the Eastern Tremp Syncline (Northern Spain). In: The Hadrosaurs: Proceedings of the International Hadrosaur Symposium. Evans, D. and D. Eberth (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Mulder, E.W.A., J.W.M. Jagt and A.S. Schulp (2005). Another record of a hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Maastrichtian type area (The Netherlands, Belgium): Seeley (1883) revisited. Bulletin De L'Institut Royal Des Sciences Naturelles De Belgique, Sciences De La Terre, 75. Pereda-Superbiola, X., et al. (2009). Hadrosauroid Dinosaurs from the Latest Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29(3). Vila, B., et al. (2013). The Latest Succession of Dinosaur Tracksites in Europe: Hadrosaur Ichnology, Track Production and Palaeoenvironments. PLoS ONE, 8(9). General Hadrosauroids - North America Bryan, J.R., et al. (1991). First Dinosaur Record from Tennessee: A Campanian Hadrosaur. J.Paleont., 65(4). Currie, P.J. (1983). Hadrosaur Trackways from the Lower Cretaceous of Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 28(1-2). Herrero, L. and A.A. Farke (2010). Hadrosaurid Dinosaur Skin Impressions from the Upper Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation of Southern Utah, USA. PalArch, 7(2). Lucas, S.G., et al. (2011). Hadrosaur Footprints from the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and the Ichnotaxonomy of Large Ornithopod Footprints. In: Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 53. McDonald, A.T., et al. (2017). Anatomy, taphonomy and phylogenetic implications of a new specimen of Eolambia caroljonesa (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA. PLoS ONE, 12(5). (Thanks to Troodon for locating this one!) Pasch, A.D. and K.C. May (1997). First Occurrence of a Hadrosaur (Dinosauria) from the Matanuska Formation (Turonian) in the Talkeetna Mountains of South-central Alaska. Short Notes on Alaska Geology, 1997. Tanke, D.H. and M.K. Brett-Surman (2001). 15. Evidence of Hatchling- and Nestling-Size Hadrosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from Dinosaur Provincial Park (Dinosaur Park Formation: Campanian), Alberta. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Tanke, D.H. and K. Carpenter (eds.), Indiana University Press. Vavrek, M.J., L.V. Hills and P.J. Currie (2015). A Hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Kanguk Formation of Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada, and Its Ecological and Geographical Implications. Arctic, Vol.67, Number 1. Wagner, J.R. (2001). The Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Hadrosauria) of Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, Texas, with Implications for Late Cretaceous Paleozoogeography. (Masters Thesis - Texas Tech University). (452 pages, 29.63MB) General Hadrosauroids - South America/Central America/Caribbean Rivera-Sylva, H.E., D.W.E. Hone and P. Dodson (2012). Bite marks of a large theropod on an hadrosaur limb bone from Coahuila, Mexico. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, Vol.46, Number 1. Serrano-Branas, C.I., et al. (2006). A Natural Hadrosaurid Endocast from the Cerro del Pueblo Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Coahuila, Mexico. In: Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior. Lucas, S.G and R.M.Sullivan (eds.), New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35. General Hadrosauroids Bell, P.R. (2014). 34. A Review of Hadrosaurid Skin Impressions. In: The Hadrosaurs: Proceedings of the International Hadrosaur Symposium. Evans, D. and D. Eberth (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Bell, P.R. (2012). Standardized Terminology and Potential Taxonomic Utility for Hadrosaurid Skin Impressions: A Case Study for Saurolophus from Canada and Mongolia. PLoS ONE, 7(2). Bramble, K.K. (2017). A Histological Analysis of the Hadrosaurid Dental Battery. Masters Thesis - University of Alberta. (109 pages) Carrano, M.T., C.M. Janis and J.J. Sepkoski (1999). Hadrosaurs as ungulate parallels: Lost lifestyles and deficient data. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 44(3). Chapman, R.E. and M.K. Brett-Surman (1990). 12. Morphometric observations on hadrosaurid ornithopods. In: Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives. Carpenter, K. and P.J. Currie (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Davis, M. (2014). Census of dinosaur skin reveals lithology may not be the most important factor in increased preservation of hadrosaurid skin. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 59(3). Egi, N. and W.B. Weishampel (2002). Morphometric Analysis of Humeral Shapes in Hadrosaurids (Ornithopoda, Dinosauria). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 82(1). Erickson, G.M., et al. (2012). Complex Dental Structure and Wear Biomechanics in Hadrosaurid Dinosaurs. Nature(Reports), Vol.338. Fiorillo, A.R. (2011). Microwear patterns on the teeth of northern high latitude hadrosaurs with comments on microwear patterns in hadrosaurs as a function of latitude and seasonal ecological constraints. Palaeontologia Electronica, Vol.14, Issue 3. Fricke, H.C., R.R. Rogers and T.A. Gates (2009). Hadrosaurid migration: inferences based on stable isotope comparisons among Late Cretaceous dinosaur localities. Paleobiology, 35(2). LeBlanc, A.R.H., et al. (2016). Ontogeny reveals function and evolution of the hadrosaurid dinosaur dental battery. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 16:152. Lund, E.K. and T.A. Gates (2006). A Historical and Biogeographical Examination of Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs. In: Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior. (Lucas, S.G. and R.M.Sullivan, eds.) New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 35. Maryanska, T. and H. Osmolska (1983). Some Implications of Hadrosaurian Postcranial Anatomy. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 28(1-2). Ostrom, J. (1962). The Cranial Crests of Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs. Postilla - Yale Peabody Museum, Number 62. Ostrom, J. (1961). Cranial Morphology of the Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol.122, Article 2. (47.13MB download) Prieto-Marquez, A. (2008). Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Hadrosaurid Dinosaurs. Ph.D. Dissertation - Florida State University. (41.6MB download) Senter, P. (2012). Forearm orientation in Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) and implications for museum mounts. Palaeontologia Electronica, Vol.15, Issue 3. Weishampel, D.B. (1983). Hadrosaurid Jaw Mechanics. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 28(1-2). Williams, V.S., P.M. Barrett and M.A. Purnell (2009). Quantitative analysis of dental microwear in hadrosaurid dinosaurs, and the implications for hypotheses of jaw mechanics and feeding. PNAS, Vol.106, Number 27.
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Book Review: An Army of Davids
June 7, 2006 Brad Warbiany General
Ahh, the advantages of plane travel: I finally get a chance to read in peace!
I just finished reading Glenn Reynolds’ (of Instapundit fame) An Army of Davids. The tagline, “How Markets and Technology Empower Ordinary People to Beat Big Media, Big Government, and Other Goliaths”, pretty well sums it up. Reynolds believes we’re at a turning point in world history, where technology has leveled the playing field, chopping down the natural advantages that the “Goliaths” have had for many years. If anything, Reynolds is a firm believer in the Adam Smith “invisible hand” theory, where millions of distributed individuals, working at what they love, bring about monumental changes. It’s not government that does so, unless they find ways to harness the power of those individuals.
If you’ve read me for any period of time, you will see that I’ve had some influence by the ideas Reynolds brings up this book, although since I rarely read Instapundit.com, he hasn’t been a primary source for me. I’ve posted here, here, and here about how I believe the current shift has moved away from government to the individual. I think I had found my way, through the blogosphere and my own introspection, to agreement with Reynolds on a number of subjects presented in the book.
As for the book itself? Well, how can I dislike a book whose opening line in the introduction is “About fifteen years ago, I started brewing my own beer”?! It was a very well-written look at the ways that individuals are gaining power in the world, with only a short look at blogs and the media. Moving along, he touches on subjects like the growing ability of workers to telecommute and the rise in entrepreneurial opportunity, the change in music recording and distribution brought about by the internet, and the ability of humans (both within the blogosphere and in the meatspace world) to act as a pack of individuals with a common goal– and not a herd being led. He goes on to point out how our media has grown and will continue to grow with the revival of the citizen-journalist, and how “horizontal information”, as he calls the greater inconnectedness of information in today’s society, changes the learning curve of humanity itself. Throughout this first section of the book, he gives real-world examples of trends he’s spotted in today’s world, and where and how he sees them impacting humanity in the short and long term.
When you get into the second section, he moves farther into true futurism, such as nanotechnology, life-extension, the colonization of space, and the Singularity. Through these chapters, his greatest theme, as far as I can see, is a simple one: “Hey folks, this stuff is coming. We’d better get used to the idea, so we can plan for it.” Reynolds doesn’t ask whether these advances will occur, he asks what we’re doing to help ensure that we know how to handle life when they arrive. In this section (with the exception of the space colonization chapter), he does tend to stray from his “Army of Davids” theme, though. He occasionally comes back, with discussions of how technologies such as nanotechnology might empower individuals, but it ceases to be a central theme here. Either way, it’s still an interesting read through these chapters, especially if you’re not already well versed in these areas.
The central theme of the book, of course, is truly a heartening idea to individuals. For a very long time, the dominating change in our world has been towards greater and greater centralization of power, whether it be in corporations, media, or government. Technology, however, has now reversed that trend. We are seeing every one of those areas returning power (though reluctantly) to individuals, as individuals find their voice to demand it. From the effects of blogs on media (i.e. Dan Rather) and politics (i.e. Porkbusters), to the effect of open-source on technology (i.e. Microsoft), loosely-connected groups of individuals, working for their own personal reasons, have acheived incredible accomplishments. He points out the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, when– in the absence of government control– individual citizens simply organized on the fly and took care of what needed to be done. As the world becomes more complex, central control becomes less useful. With the march of technology, though, it becomes unnecessary even more quickly.
Reynolds uses the example of the creation of the internet as a global information warehouse, pointing out the naysayers– had they been asked 10 years ago if our current access to information was even possible— would never have thought it could occur. The argument of “it would take every librarian in the world decades to input all that information” doesn’t make sense when you have millions of individuals willing to do it for them, for free, simply because they find it interesting. Curiously, Reynolds doesn’t use the example of the open-source movement, which has the same nay-sayers. The open-source nay-sayers think that programmers would never work tirelessly to bring about major innovations in the software world. Yet openoffice.org exists, and provides a usable alternative to Microsoft. Did someone organize huge stockpiles of capital to make it happen? Nope, a million dedicated people who wanted to see it happen simply did it.
Overall, I consider it to be a great read. However, for those of you who are already evangelizing for the “Army of Davids” world, and who consider yourself a “futurist”, there isn’t a whole lot new here. Reynolds does craft it into a very readable and cohesive package, though, so it’s a great read regardless. If the preceding description doesn’t apply to you, though, buy it now! There are a heck of a lot of people who think the world is headed for some big changes, and Reynolds lays out a simple, readable, and entertaining description of what shape he (and I) think it will take.
The world is changing, and changing quickly. If there is truly an “Army of Davids”, consider me a self-ranked Lieutenant. Glenn Reynolds may just be one of our Generals. Thankfully, though, unlike the U.S. Army, the chain of command is nonexistent, and I don’t have to fear the UCMJ. I can go tell Gen. Reynolds to go pound sand if I like, and the best he can do is not link to me. Of course, knowing his sense of humor, he’s more likely to link to me with a derisive “Heh.”, defusing my suggestion of pounding sand pre-emptively. Either way, if Gen. Reynolds ever finds his way through Marietta, I’ll have a bottle of homebrew waiting :-)
As for what convinced me to “serve” in the “Army of Davids”? To that, I can only say the same thing I’d expect to hear from my fellow warriors: I’m doing this to make me happy, and any benefit you receive is ancillary.
Brad Warbiany
http://www.indaincowboy.net/blog IndianCowboy
bah! futurists will be the death of humanity. And I mean that seriously.
Nothing wrong with tech, so long as the boundary between man and machine is maintained.
man in exo-suit=good
man with implanted carbon tube muscles=bad
No matter how much we try to deny it, the meatsack and the mind are intimately tied together. Both are pretty worthless without each other. The only place that an action potential can START is at the periphery, courtesy of your sensory receptors.
And you can make a muscle go through the motions, but without a connecting nerve, they wither away.
no mind-body dualism. lose the body, lose the mind.
also, at this point I think the army is a lot more like a barely organized militia, but I have great hopes for it.
mens sana in corpore sano and all that.
Sometime the function is in the design. A transplanted kidney nerves are not connected, but it still functions as a kidney. I would assume if quadriplegics were able to have their muscles replaced with carbon tubes to get any function they would. The nervous system is not the key to our humanity it is the brain. This is where we create our own interaction with the world.
http://www.indiancowboy.net/blog Nick
which was my point, without the peripheral nerves, your brain is useless.
It’s a fine line to walk. on the one hand, of course we shouldn’t keep tech from the infirm. but on the other hand, bad things WILL happen if healthy individuals get augmented.
I guarantee this. Leftism is a result of a reality disconnect. augmentation through technology (transhumanity) accomplishes the same thing.
read the preface of Bill McKibben’s Enough to understand where I’m coming from. then add in a bunch of behavioral ecology, psychology, and neurobiology. it WILL get ugly.
good review btw, Brad. I might check it out.
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The best of jobs
Dan and Marie-Anne Grenier stand in front of the milk wagon they and their team worked hard to restore. KATHRYN HRYCUSKO PHOTO
Posted By: The Voice of Pelham July 12, 2019
A son restores his father’s milk wagon to its former glory
BY KATHRYN HRYCUSKO
Special to the VOICE
Only a few months ago a faded blue milk wagon with its back end badly damaged sat in Dan Grenier’s yard looking dilapidated and somewhat neglected. Now, painstakingly reconstructed to its original glory by Grenier and his wife Marie-Anne, the 70-year-old milk wagon, once again red and white with black lettering reading “North Side Dairy,” is a veritable blast from the past. The wagon is one of many that was used by North Side Dairy to deliver milk and butter throughout Welland, until the company pulled its horse-drawn wagons off the road some 50 years ago.
For Grenier, not only does the wagon remind him of days gone by, but more specifically, it holds a special place in his heart, as a reminder of his first job and time with his father.
Grenier’s father worked as a milkman for the company for 37 years. He delivered dairy products to the residents of the Dain City area, and as early as the age of five, Grenier would accompany his father on his milk runs.
“I used to go with my dad every Saturday to work and ride with him on his wagon,” said Grenier, “Then over the years it kind of never left me.”
By the age of 17, sometime in the 1960s, Grenier had dropped out of high school to take up his own milk run and his own wagon. It was his first-ever job, and one that he remembers fondly.
His day would start at 4 AM and by noon he would have visited nearly 200 houses, quietly letting himself in and out to bring them milk and pick up their empty bottles.
During the 12 years that he drove the milk wagon, Grenier became familiar with the families on his route and remembers being met by friendly faces at each stop. He recalls being met with kindness every morning, as well as the atmosphere of trust that surrounded his position. Oftentimes he would let himself in and out of residences before families had woken up for the day.
Around the Christmas season this kindness would manifest in the form of drinks, with nearly every household offering Grenier and his father a drink or shot, despite it being quite early in the morning. Marie-Anne recalled that on one occasion Grenier’s father had to call Grenier to come and finish his route for him and take him home.
“Everyone would just say to them, ‘Come on, just one drink,’” said Marie-Anne. “They don’t know that everyone said one drink—that’s 20 drinks now.”
It was not unknown for the horses, who knew their way back to North Side’s stables, to occasionally pull up to the yard with their driver fast asleep in the wagon, said Grenier.
Occasions such as these and interactions with the residents of Welland left little time for dull moments on his milk run. Grenier recalls one humourous incident when he got pulled over by the police while driving his wagon.
“I had a friend with me, he wanted to go with me on my route. So we’re going down Thorold Road and it was about 4:30 in the morning. He says, can I ride the horse?” recounted Grenier. “What do I care? I was 17. You could do anything you want, right?”
Grenier allowed his friend to hop up and ride the horse, and as they trotted down Thorold Road they passed a police car headed the other way. The officer promptly made a u-turn and put on his lights. Grenier recalls that the officer pulled over the milk wagon and asked what they two youths were doing, to which Grenier’s friend promptly replied, “Ah we’re just horsing around.”
The officer, unamused, told the friend to get off the horse, worried that it might spook and throw its rider into the way of the wagon.
Spooking the horses, or trying to, was a favourite pastime amongst some of the children on the milk run, Grenier said. Often they would clap, yell, or throw stones at the horse to make it run.
More than once Grenier found himself chasing his own wagon, trying to catch his bolting horse as it rattled away from him with the day’s milk delivery.
Grenier’s wife remembers being one of the children who attempted to spook the horses on occasion, and recalls the time when milk wagons were a regular sight on the road. She remembers Grenier specifically from that time as well.
“That’s when he told me he had a crush on me,” said Marie-Anne.
Grenier said that Marie-Anne has been an integral part of the team that restored the wagon, from the initial search through its restoration.
The two of them had thought to look for a North Side Dairy milk wagon after seeing one from Sunnyside Dairy in a parade. Although had Grenier moved on from North Side Dairy to Union Carbide, and then to Humpty Dumpty, where he worked until he retired, the milk wagon work was always a fond memory.
“I have a special place in my heart for that job. It was a nice job and a lot of people complain about their jobs today. I never did,” said Grenier. “Yeah, I liked that job. I had a horse and I took a liking to the horse. I used to feed it apples and cubes of sugar all the time.”
The couple drove around Niagara looking for Grenier’s old wagon, Wagon #5, but without much luck until they posted a sign in Wainfleet saying they were searching for it.
In November, only a couple of months after they posted the “wagon wanted” sign, Grenier received a call from Pelham resident Bob Reeves.
For close to 50 years, a North Side Dairy milk wagon had sat in Reeves’ barn, though, as he told Grenier, it was not Grenier’s #5, but Wagon #8.
It may not have been the wagon that he originally looked for, but Grenier was more than pleased to be given the opportunity to purchase and restore it—Wagon #8 in fact been his father’s wagon, the one Grenier had first ridden in at age five.
The wagon “came home to the Grenier family,” as Reeves put it to Grenier, in time for Christmas.
Before the long road back to refurbishment. SUPPLIED PHOTO
“It was a true Christmas miracle,” said Marie-Anne, a feeling that for the couple has been amplified by the sighting of doves—which Grenier’s father always said he would return reincarnated as—sitting on the wagon.
Over the winter months, Grenier planned what needed to be done to restore the wagon come springtime. The list was extensive, given that the wagon had been in an accident that severely dented in its rear, in addition to having suffered from general wear and tear. Grenier acknowledged, however, that it could have been in a much worse state had Reeves not taken care of it as he did, keeping it sheltered and replacing the canvas roofing.
In April, Grenier got to work on the restoration process. Though generally handy and an experienced woodworker, he had never attempted anything of the sort before and encountered several challenges, chief among them tracking down original parts, or at least those that resembled the originals.
Grenier credits Marie-Anne for keeping him calm and sane as he phoned vendor after vendor, searching for the specific parts he needed.
Grenier and Marie-Anne were two of the core reconstruction team. Their sons Mark and Paul, along with their friends Marcel Rouillier and Marc Dumoulin, were integral to the project. Dumoulin helped Grenier throughout, spending countless hours sanding, painting, repairing dents, and more. Rouillier focused on the frame at the back of the wagon, replacing rotted wood and remaking the section that had been damaged in an accident. Mark, a millwright, remade the wheel bearings, the bottle rack at the rear, and wired it to be pulled behind a car. Their other son Paul, handy with computers and good at designing, designed the font so that the letters could be printed to look like those that North Side Dairy would have once painted on the wagon by hand. Within a month the team was able to finish the reconstruction.
Grenier and Marie-Anne are also eager to thank Napa Auto Parts who donated the paint for the wagon, and Digital Detail, who installed the lettering on the wagon.
Grenier invited his old supervisor from North Side Dairy, a man now 91 years of age, to come and look at the completed wagon. The sight of the wagon brought tears to his eyes—a flashback to times when he would arrive at work in the morning and see the wagons all lined up side by side.
Grenier is hoping to bring this piece of history to other residents of Welland as well. Currently, he has agreed to make an appearance in the Rose Festival Parade, at the Marshville Heritage Festival, and at the Welland Car Show.
Leading up to the Rose Festival Parade, Grenier continues to work on the inside of the wagon to put together some finishing touches. Included with the purchase of the wagon was an assortment of old milk crates and milk bottles that Reeves had collected over the years, which Grenier will put in the wagon for the parade. Grenier also has an old money bag worn by milkmen, and an outfit (hat and bow tie) to match. He plans to wear them as he drives the wagon in the coming parade as he drives it. He will be accompanied by his grandchildren, sitting in the back, riding along much as he did with father so many years before.
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Death Of The American Idea
President Obama in his address of July 27, 2013, proclaimed his intention to combat “trends that have been eroding middle-class security…” Security, the liberal-progressive-socialistic paradigm introduced by Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal in the 1930s, is not the same thing as the original intent of the Bill of Rights, the concept of individual political liberties that colonists fought for in our War of Independence.
An article I posted in 2006 foretold the downward spiral that we’ve endured under Obama in world affairs, domestic prosperity, and personal liberty.
Jean-François Revel: How Democracies Perish
The late Jean-François Revel, writing 25 years ago, pegged exactly the self-defeating attitude of America’s liberal Republicans and Democrats: we are at fault when our enemies attack us; foreign enemies are simply a distraction from bestowing ever more welfare-state entitlements without heed to their future cost.
Jean-François Revel, who died last week at the age of 82, was that exceedingly rare person: a French intellectual who didn’t despise the United States, an intellectual who understood the cancerous prognosis of liberalism.
Revel’s 1983 “How Democracies Perish” described liberalism’s debilitating effect on confronting the threat of domination by the Soviet Union. His observations apply equally today in our long-term struggle against Islamic jihad.
Revel wrote about democracy, meaning societies unhinged from historical tradition, in which people come to accept the idea that a constitution is nothing more than the latest social-justice fad formulated by intellectuals. That is a 20th century derangement, very different from what the Constitution instituted: a Federal republic with power divided between the states and the national government and split, within the national government, among the three main branches; a constitutional government designed to protect the rights of individuals against PC tyranny of the majority.
Regarding foreign enemies like the Soviet Union or today’s Islamic jihad, Revel observed that democracies are ill suited to deal with them: “Democracy tends to ignore, even deny, threats to its existence because it loathes doing what is necessary to counter them.” Hence the chorus of campus liberals, and a few members of Congress, who declared that we deserved the 9/11 attacks, because of our “imperialism” and our failure to ratify the Kyoto environmental treaty. Hence liberals demand now that we evacuate Iraq and place our fate in the tainted hands of the UN.
“What we end up with,” he wrote, “in what is conventionally called Western society is a topsy-turvy situation in which those seeking to destroy democracy appear to be fighting for legitimate aims, while its defenders are pictured as repressive reactionaries. Identification of democracy’s internal and external adversaries with the forces of progress, legitimacy, even peace, discredits and paralyzes the efforts of people who are only trying to preserve their institutions.”
About the effects of post-Vietnam liberal recrimination, he wrote: “....Civilizations losing confidence in themselves: an old story in history….[when citizens stop believing in themselves] civilization must choose between suicide and servitude.” Liberal suicide, or Islamic sharia.
Revel accurately characterized what has been in process on college campuses for generations, producing a dismaying number of future voters who hate the United States and cheer the death of our military personnel. “....Self-criticism is, of course, one of the vital springs of democratic civilization….But constant self-condemnation, often with little or no foundation, is a source of weakness and inferiority in dealing with…a power that has dispensed with such scruples…. Exaggerated self-criticism would be a harmless luxury of civilization if there were no enemy at the gate condemning democracy’s very existence.”
As Osama Bin Ladin has affirmed repeatedly in his messages, Islamic jihadists see this only as contemptible weakness that invites increased aggression. Our enemies care nothing about liberals’ French Revolutionary “Rights of Man.” They respect only the power that grinds their faces in the dust. President Clinton’s treating bombings of our embassies in Africa and the attack on the USS Cole as criminal matters to be handled by the FBI, instead of acts of war, led directly to 9/11.
Even if we muster sufficient backbone to resist Islamic jihad, liberal Republicans and Democrats will be undermining our future from within by loading more free services onto an economy unable to fulfill even it existing commitments under Social Security and Medicare.
Regarding that, Revel wrote: “..[What the quest for economic equality produces] is the growing role of government, the modern government of which democracy’s children ask everything and from which they consequently accept everything. .... Tocqueville the visionary predicted [in his 1833 “Democracy in America”] with stunning precision the coming ascension of the omnipresent, omnipotent and omniscient state the twentieth-century man knows so well: the state as protector, entrepreneur, educator; the physician-state, impresario-state, bookseller-state, helpful and predatory, tyrant and guardian, banker, father and jailer all at once…..Its power borders on the absolute partly because it is scarcely felt, having increased by imperceptible stages at the wish of its subjects, who turned to it instead of to each other. In those pages by Tocqueville we find the germ both of George Orwell’s “1984” and David Riesman’s “The Lonely Crowd.”
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Constitutional Principles • Tradition & Morality • Welfare-State Socialism • (5) Comments
Federal Bureaucracy: Too Big To Fail
Can political liberty survive the aggressive growth of collectivist government?
Tom Emerson emailed me a Wall Street Journal opinion piece by James Taranto regarding the IRS’s actions aimed at blocking conservative groups’ applications for tax-exempt status. Mr. Taranto concludes :
Abolishing direct taxation [as a way to curb IRS aggression] sounds good to us. But how does one pay for a vast (or even only half-vast) welfare state without it? Abolishing the welfare state sounds good to us too, but even paring it back has proved tough to sell politically. If the welfare state inexorably erodes freedom, that poses a hell of a political problem for those who cherish the latter.
Mr. Emerson asked for my reaction, which is that expansion of the Federal bureaucracy inescapably means diminution of individuals’ political, economic, and social liberties. People don’t get welfare-state entitlements without paying higher taxes and surrendering some of their freedoms.
Expansion of the Federal bureaucracy means abandoning the 1776 ethos that animated patriots when they wrote the Declaration of Independence, fought the War of Independence, and wrote the Constitution. A centralized, all-powerful government strips original constitutional powers from states and individuals, transferring those powers to unelected bureaucrats, who, under Obama, have sometimes even ignored Congressional oversight and Federal court rulings. Ultimately, since most Federal bureaus are part of the executive branch, their growth elevates the president to supreme power, beyond the reach of Congress and the judiciary.
Bureaucrats always lust for more power and prestige. The peer standing of bureaucracies is measured by the size of their budgets and the numbers of people they employ. Every bureau, as justification for bigger budgets and more employees, always looks for new tasks to carry out and claims regulatory powers to do so. Not surprisingly bureaucracy grows larger, with new powers, year by year.
Before the advent of liberal-progressivism, which grew out of the populist movement in the last decades of the 19th century, Federal bureaus were few in number with no noticeable impact on the lives of individual citizens. Populism, centered in farming states, came to life after the Civil War, responding to growth of giant interstate corporations and railroads that left farmers at the mercy of shipping rates and shipping schedules decreed far away in New York, Philadelphia, and other major cities on the eastern seaboard. Grassroots political activism against so-called corporate monopolists and Wall Street bankers’ credit policies coincided with the flourishing doctrines of socialism beginning to permeate the Ivy League and other prominent colleges and universities. The result was the progressive movement.
Progressivism was a blend of Darwinian scientism and elitist belief that only academic experts are capable of disinterested and effective management of government and business. The Darwinian evolutionary aspect engendered widespread belief in inevitable human progress toward social perfection. Progressivism promoted voter activism and stronger government as the tools to facilitate humanity’s presumed Darwinian social and political evolution.
Teddy Roosevelt, between 1901 and 1908, began implementing progressivism at the Federal level. Angered by the traditionalist Constitutional views of his successor William Howard Taft, Teddy bolted the Republican Party and organized the first national Progressive Party, which now is popularly known as the Bull Moose Party.
A few excerpts from TR’s Progressive Party Platform of 1912 establish the tone:
We believe in a graduated inheritance tax as a National means of equalizing the obligations of holders of property to Government…
We favor the ratification of the pending amendment to the Constitution giving the Government power to levy an income tax…
…the people must use their sovereign powers to establish and maintain equal opportunity and industrial justice…
…we advocate bringing under effective national jurisdiction those problems which have expanded beyond reach of the individual States.
…The Progressive party demands such restriction of the power of the courts as shall leave to the people the ultimate authority to determine fundamental questions of social welfare and public policy.
…We demand that the test of true prosperity shall be the benefits conferred thereby on all the citizens, not confined to individuals or classes, and that the test of corporate efficiency shall be the ability better to serve the public; that those who profit by control of business affairs shall justify that profit and that control by sharing with the public the fruits thereof…
To that end we urge the establishment of a strong Federal administrative commission of high standing, which shall maintain permanent active supervision over industrial corporations engaged in inter-State commerce, or such of them as are of public importance, doing for them what the Government now does for the National banks, and what is now done for the railroads by the Inter-State Commerce Commission.
…Germany’s policy of co-operation between government and business has, in comparatively few years, made that nation a leading competitor for the commerce of the world. (Note that Germany was then the most prominent socialist nation in the world.)
Teddy lost the 1912 election to Democrat Woodrow Wilson, a thoroughgoing liberal who added strong momentum to the progressive movement at the Federal level. Ratification of the 16th Amendment in Wilson’s first year in office established Congress’s power to levy income taxes. Now Big Government had the financial wherewithal to belay business and the general public.
Wilson had campaigned under the Orwellian Newspeak slogan of New Freedom, to be obtained by passing new legislation and creating new Federal bureaus to reform tariffs, business, and banking.
Wilson was both a liberal-progressive academic scholar and an effective political administrator. Like John Dewey, the foremost liberal-progressive-socialist theoretician of the 20th century, Wilson was an early graduate of Johns Hopkins University, where he fell under the spell of German statist ideas, particularly as articulated by Hegel. It should be noted that Hegel was the philosopher of historical progress whose doctrine initially inspired Karl Marx and made European intellectuals so quickly receptive to Darwin’s hypothesis of materialistic evolution.
Beginning in the late 1800s Wilson wrote and lectured extensively at universities expounding his theories that the American Constitution was outmoded. He carried those theories into the office of the presidency and to a considerable extent was able to impose them upon the nation. Briefly, in keeping with Darwinian evolutionary doctrine and prevailing liberal-progressive ideas of the day, Wilson believed that Jefferson, in the Declaration of Independence, and members of the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia were altogether wrong in their emphasis upon individual rights (see Woodrow Wilson and the Roots of Modern Liberalism, by Ronald J. Pestritto). The need was for greater concentration of power and increased administrative efficiency in the Federal government, which necessarily meant diminishing individual rights.
Since the founding era, Wilson asserted, Hegelian historical forces had created a new society. The United States had come together into a unified whole in which there were no longer the individualistic competing interests among political and economic factions. The founders’ Constitutional checks and balances, particularly states rights under the Bill of Rights’ Tenth Amendment, had in the 20th century become impediments to government’s administrative efficiency. Needed was a clear field for liberal-progressive administrative experts to implement new political and economic policies as they saw fit, without interference from Congress.
During his academic career, and before becoming governor of New Jersey and president of the United States, Wilson had advocated appointing all Federal cabinet ministers from among members of Congress, in the British parliamentary fashion. Such ministers, Wilson thought, would both be able to influence public sentiment, and able to hammer out policy measures during active participation in the legislative process. Congress, in British Parliamentary fashion, would become the dominant branch of government. Combining it with the presidency would enable government leaders to do almost anything they believed necessary to add to “efficiency” in controlling the populace.
This, of course, was in diametric opposition to the hard-won experience of the founders who crafted the Constitution. As Madison and Hamilton wrote extensively in the Federalist papers, individual rights of all varieties, especially property rights, would be too vulnerable to mob sentiment, to the tyranny of the majority, without multiple checks and balances to prevent concentration of too much political power in one person or group.
After gaining political office, Wilson changed his views somewhat. The drive toward augmented administrative efficiency remained, but Wilson began to realize that the most practical route toward that goal was bolstering the powers of the presidency. To that end, during his presidency, Wilson added many governmental regulatory agencies and increased their regulatory power to impose de facto law via issuance of regulations without Congressional review. Among the most consequential of these agencies was the Federal Reserve System, established in 1913. Today’s arbitrary regulations by the EPA, for example, are Wilson’s liberal-progressive progeny.
Wilson’s liberal-progressive elitism underlies our present-day, we-know-what’s-best-for-you nanny state, exemplified in President Obama’s and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s 2010 ramrodding of Obamacare over the strong objections of the majority of voters.
The only thing standing in the path of bureaucracies is the individual freedoms enshrined in the Bill of Rights. Hence liberal-progressives’ ceaseless thrust to restrict those liberties and to broaden the definition of initial powers granted by Congress to regulatory bureaucracies. The contest is becoming an unequal one, as new generations, imbued with socialism in our schools and ignorant of our history, increasingly favor the fancied security offered by Big Brother.
Constitutional Principles • Political Theory • Welfare-State Socialism • (1) Comments
Our Racist President
Obama ignores reality and blames whites for the indisputable fact that blacks, who constitute only 23% of the population, commit about 7 out of 10 of all violent crimes.
Read Heather Mac Donald’s assessment of the president’s speech supporting racist ranters like Al Sharpton, Jesse Jackson, and officers of the NAACP.
Media & Opinion • Thought Police & PC • Tradition & Morality • Welfare-State Socialism • (3) Comments
Obama Exacerbates Racial Relations
Paradoxically, election of a black president and appointment of a black attorney general have rekindled blacks’ feelings of discrimination and persecution. Both the president and the attorney general pander to main-stream-media’s reflexive assumption that the white person is always the one at fault.
The Zimmerman trial in Florida is the latest example.
Obama made clear long before the recent trial that he considered Zimmerman guilty of murder, and Attorney General Holder, before evidence was presented at the trial, announced his intention to have the Department of Justice target Zimmerman for civil rights violations. Both the president and the attorney general since 2008 have harped repeatedly on black vs. white. In a notorious Philadelphia case they refused to pursue charges against black thugs who threatened whites coming to a polling station to vote. But both have been quick, following the lead of the NAACP or rabble-rousers like Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson, to make public statements condemning whites who had run-ins with blacks.
With regard to the Zimmerman trial, Arnold Ahlert (Eric Holder’s Reign of Racial Terror) sums it up.
Many commentators have noted the “Alice in Wonderland” nature of the Zimmerman-Martin farrago (the Red Queen shouting, “off with his head first, verdict second”). Under the liberal-progressive scheme of justice, a trial wasn’t necessary. Obama, Holder, Al Sharpton, and Jesse Jackson had already announced that Zimmerman was guilty. Their minds were made up, and they refused to be confused with facts.
Media & Opinion • Thought Police & PC • (0) Comments
Barack Obama’s Lawlessness
Read Peter Wehner’s recap on the Commentary Magazine website.
Obama’s Olive-Branch Foreign Policy
The president’s olive branch is as useful as a fig leaf in a blizzard.
The generally left-leaning Fiscal Times explains Why Obama’s Foreign Policy Process Is Broken.
We shouldn’t be surprised by Obama’s feckless stabs in the direction of foreign policy. In July, 2008, when he was first seeking the presidency, I wrote:
There is a striking parallel between the naivete of Senator Obama and President Woodrow Wilson in their expectation of imposing a liberal-progressive model of peace upon a fractious world.
Senator Obama’s faith that his personal diplomacy with our sworn enemies will transform them into reasonable and peaceful partners is as old as American liberal-progressivism. Its most celebrated expression was in the policy of the Democratic Party’s progressive president Woodrow Wilson, pronounced in his April 2, 1917, message to a special session of Congress.
President Wilson, responding to Germany’s resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare and the sinking without warning of three American ships the previous month, declared:
The world must be made safe for democracy…we shall fight…for a universal dominion of right by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and justice to all nations and make the world itself at last free…
That universal dominion of right and freedom was to be implemented, in President Wilson’s expectation, by the post-war League of Nations. When put to the test, the League of Nations stood helplessly aside as Japan ravaged China, Mussolini attacked Ethiopia, and Hitler began his European conquests.
In April, 2009, at the beginning of Obama’s reign, I wrote:
President Obama seems intent upon cramming stifling socialist programs down our throats domestically, while he relies upon pretty-word diplomacy with foreign nations that have vowed to destroy us.
In the field of foreign policy, to the immense pleasure of his liberal-progressive-socialist cohort, the President turns to the purported magical power of the olive branch to win the approbation of foreign nations, as if that were an equal substitute for defending our national interests.
The President’s most egregious formulation of the olive branch approach was his announced intention to meet face-to-face, without preconditions, in diplomatic discussions with our deadly enemies. Our enemies, liberal-progressives presume, will happily abandon their national interests and become our pals if we just talk sweetly to them and tell them that we respect them.
Judging from his recent overseas G20 meeting tour, respecting other nations means blaming the United States for the mischief of our enemies.
Scientistic Speculation
Darwin proposed his hypothesis of purely materialistic evolution, according to his autobiography, in order to discredit “the damnable doctrine of Christianity.”
There exists not a single proof of Darwinian evolution. There is only inferential speculation about possible explanations for the myriad forms of life found on earth.
Read Darwin’s Doubt, a review by Frank Turek of Stephen Meyer’s New York Times best-selling refutation of Darwinian evolution.
As I wrote in The Liberal Jihad: The Hundred-Year War Against the Constitution:
Darwin’s hypothesis of biological evolution, when confined to natural selection as a means of modifying species, is just another interesting speculation. When, however, it is employed as Darwin intended— to deny God and morality— Darwinian evolution becomes a piece of heavy artillery for the liberal jihad.
Not only does it deny the truth of the Bible; more destructively it reduces the world of human habitation to a jungle of kill-or-be-kill amorality. Its doctrine provided a rationalization for the liquidations of tens of millions of people in the totalitarian regimes of Soviet Russia, National Socialist Germany, and Red China.
The battlefield on which the liberal jihad has had its greatest success is education. As Hitler said of the Hitler Youth organization, train the youth in the doctrine of Aryan superiority and you will have them for life. From high schools through college young students are taught that Darwinian evolution is the only scientific truth.
Once having accepted that doctrine, students are only a step away from the doctrine that the Judeo-Christian morality underpinning the Constitution is ignorant nonsense. That is essentially where we are today and why our youngest generations favor the Democrat-Socialist Party’s jihad to replace the Constitution’s government of limited powers and individual liberty with an all-powerful, socialistic Federal government.
Darwinian evolutionary theory appeared soon after the introduction of the French Enlightenment’s socialism, and it is closely related. Above all, Darwin’s theory of evolution was intended to cut the legs from under Western civilization’s paradigm of a universe conforming to a unified design that Judaeo-Christians and classical philosophers call the Mind of God. Evolution is an unapologetic rationalization for a completely materialistic world that bears no resemblance to the Creation pictured in the Bible’s Book of Genesis. It is therefore not coincidental that Darwin and most of his followers in 1859 and afterwards have been atheists or agnostics.
Socialist theory and Darwin’s hypothesis share a common basis in their complete reliance on secular materialism and concurrent rejection of God and spiritual religion. Both attack the Judeo-Christian foundation of Western civilization, on which our Declaration of Independence and our Constitution are based.
When Darwin’s Origin of Species was published in 1859, an important section of the British scientific community, led by Thomas Huxley, pushed Darwin’s theory more for its philosophical and religious implications than because they believed it to be firmly founded in science.
In the words of Carlton J. H. Hayes (The Rise of Modern Europe: A Generation of Materialism, 1871-1900),
“Soon the doctrine began to affect and reinforce the predilections of a great variety of intellectuals. It figured in the economic classic of Karl Marx (1867), whose disciples grew ever fonder of likening the “evolutionary materialism” of “scientific socialism” to that of Darwinism… Thereby Darwinism, shortly after its beginning, ceased to be a tentative scientific theory and became a philosophy, almost a religion… The timeliness of Darwinism, let us emphasize, even more than its scientific basis, established it, in conjunction with industrial materialism, as the chief conditioning philosophy of Europe in the 1870s.
“The fight began in earnest in the decade of the ‘60s over evolution and biblical criticism, and from 1871 to 1900 it raged on a wide front. The offensive passed early from “theology” to “science,” whose heavy artillery was manned by such embattled Darwinians as Huxley, Tyndall, and Haeckel…[ Huxley] rejected Christianity totally, pronouncing it “a varying compound of some of the best and some of the worst elements of paganism and Judaism, molded in practice by the innate character of certain peoples of the western world,” and adding for full measure, that “the actions we call sinful are part and parcel of the struggle for existence.” ...
Though from different starting points, Hobbes, Darwin, and Huxley were arguing, in effect, that the earthly sovereign (intellectual or military), not God-given morality, is the sole source of law and order in political society. Needless to say, this is a potentially totalitarian doctrine.
Junk Science • Tradition & Morality • (0) Comments
No There There
Are we to believe what Obama says, or credit the facts before our eyes?
Here’s Obama’s ‘Smart’ Government at Work
Fed Role And Asian Markets’ Impact On The US
Byron Wien’s Firsthand Impressions of Asian Markets, appearing on Barrons’ website
Mr. Wien is a senior advisor to Blackstone. Prior to joining the firm, he was chief investment strategist for Pequot Capital and before that served as both chief and senior U.S. investment strategist at Morgan Stanley.
During his recent tour of major Asian market centers, investors there asked why the Fed isn’t providing even more fiat, phony money liquidity to the economy, given that our stock market is booming and inflation, as measured by some price indexes, is low. Mr. Wien’s response:
I tried to explain that monetary expansion is a very inefficient way to stimulate the economy. By my estimation three-quarters of the money goes into financial assets, driving stock prices higher and bond yields lower. Only one-quarter of the money goes into the real economy. The Fed hopes some of the owners of equities spend their stock market profits, but that process is very indirect. The one aspect of the stock market that is relevant to the Fed is consumer net worth, which has risen substantially since 2009. Most of this, however, has accrued to the top 20% of the population, which has a significant portion of its net worth in equities. The vast majority of Americans have not benefited to the same extent.
Another Look At The Numbers
The Obama administration’s spin meisters call latest jobs reports proof that stimulus spending five years ago, coupled with the Fed’s loose money (currently $85 billion of phony money created out of thin air every month), have produced a solid jobs recovery.
Investors’ Business Daily editorialists disagree: America’s Job Recovery Is Only For Part-Timers
In short, this jobs recovery isn’t solid. It’s pathetic.
It’s even worse when you consider all of the net addition to June jobs — repeat, all — were part time. Compared with the 360,000 part-time positions created, full-time employment shrank by 240,000.
Year to date, only 130,000 full-time jobs have been added to our economy. The rest of the jobs — 557,000 — have been part time.
And tucked deep into the jobs report was this little tidbit: The underemployment rate, which measures those working in a job for which they’re overqualified, or working part-time when they really want full-time work, shot up from 13.8% to 14.3%.
This isn’t a solid jobs report. It’s a crisis.
Economics • Thought Police & PC • Welfare-State Socialism • (8) Comments
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Why We Need the World Health Organization
The outbreak of the Ebola virus in the West African nations of Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria has brought into sharp focus the importance of the United Nations global health affiliate the World Health Organization (WHO). With respect to matters of global health, no other organization is capable of mobilizing the resources, responding to, and combatting threats to public health. It is a vital actor on the world stage as it must confront some of the deadliest diseases known to man.
The WHO is guided by six main roles as stipulated by the organization’s Eleventh General Programme of Work 2006-2015. The roles are:
Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed;
Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge;
Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation;
Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options;
Providing technical support, catalyzing change, and building sustainable institutional capacity;
Monitoring the health situation and addressing health trends.
Precision Response is Key
How WHO responds to public health threats, such as disease outbreaks or natural disasters, requires a precise and coordinated plan. The disproportionate share of the affected people WHO serves reside in the developing world. They are the poorest and most vulnerable individuals. Any delay in responding to their needs can mean the difference between life and death, particularly as it relates to a virus like Ebola. As a result, WHO set forth a “roadmap” this past week to put an end to any further transmission of Ebola in the next 6-9 months. In addition the global health body plans to minimize its spread, while also focusing on the larger societal and economic consequences as a result of the outbreak. WHO knows time is of the essence, and there is no entity better equipped to handle this crisis than them.
According to Margaret Chan, director-general of WHO, writing in the New England Journal of Medicine, “No one is talking about an early end to the outbreak.” She added that she anticipates Ebola continuing for “many more months.” There is one issue that the director-general believes has exacerbated the problem – poverty. These West African nations of Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia rank well below the poverty line. These countries have had to endure years of conflict and civil war that has decimated their ability to combat this virus. The health infrastructure is essentially non-existent; it is estimated that there are one or two doctors per 100,000 people in West Africa, according to Dr. Chan.
Poverty forces individuals to flee their homeland in search of work. This migration causes a spread of the virus that threatens areas not previously inflicted. Liberia recently closed many of its borders to prevent such an occurrence from happening. However, this is not something that is easily accomplished. As the death toll continues to mount, the challenges for the health professionals on the ground becomes greater every day.
U.N. Broadens Its Efforts
In an effort to assist in stemming the tide of the Ebola virus, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon last week appointed Dr. David Nabarro as Senior U.N. System Coordinator in charge of Ebola. Dr. Nabarro will work closely with Dr. Chan of WHO in coordinating their efforts. Dr. Nabarro, in an interview with UN News Centre, indicated that WHO’s primary responsibility is to diagnose and treat those who may be infected. This is a massive undertaking and an important reason why we need WHO. In his interview, Dr. Nabarro noted that when he met with the leadership of the various nations affected by Ebola he noted that they wanted WHO to take the lead to assist them in treating their respective citizens. In order to properly inform the public and to avoid widespread panic, the health professionals remarked that social media has a crucial role to play in getting the right message out to people. If the public receives incorrect information, this will only complicate an already dangerous situation.
Unmatched Success
The accomplishments of WHO in the area of global health is unrivaled. The most notable achievement came in 1950 when the eradication of smallpox was realized. As a result, life expectancy in the developing world has seen a 60% rise. Furthermore, according to the Center for Global Development, children under the age of five now have a greater chance of survival. WHO has largely been responsible for controlling tuberculosis in China; eliminating childhood polio in Latin America; many regions on the continent of Africa have experienced the containment of river blindness; and Sri Lankan women do not fear dying during childbirth all as a result of the efforts of WHO.
Should the U.S. be worried?
We have all seen the images of the doctor and aid worker be transported back to the U.S. from the region after contracting Ebola. Thankfully they both appear to be doing well at this point in time. However in an era of globalization where people, goods, and services move about so freely, how can one say we will ever be truly free from these epidemics? No one can, but what is known is that there are many dedicated professionals from WHO giving their very best each day in an attempt to manage this crisis. They are essential players in bringing this matter under control. There will always be naysayers who will try to dispute why we need the U.N., or WHO for that matter; but to all those opposed to the U.N. and its agencies think about this question for a moment: If you were ever to find yourself in a country where you were threatened by such a crisis, would you not want the assistance of a global health organization like WHO to assist you? Of course you would! To say otherwise would simply be foolish. There is no disputing the fact that their work is crucial to the survivability of many around the world today.
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Blood and Oil: The Middle East in World War I
Blood and Oil: The Middle East in World War I is a 2006 documentary directed by Marty Callaghan that looks into the military and political events that unfolded in the Middle East during and after World War I to understand why this region has been so unstable since then.
The first part presents how the Ottoman Empire got involved in World War I and the military clashes in the Middle East mostly between the British and French on one side and the Ottoman Empire on the other. Although the British and French didn't succeed in obtaining a fast victory, the Ottoman Empire finally surrendered in 1918, which led to its dissolution and the birth of the Turkish Republic and several other states under British and French control.
Marty Callaghan argues that the World War I peace treaty and the way the victors decided to share their influence in the Middle East, led more by their desire to control oil resources and key strategical areas rather than by the actual social and religious realities are what made the Middle East the highly unstable region it has been throughout the twentieth century and right to the present days.
rating 7.4 / 10
category History
duration 1 hr 54 mins
added February 25, 2018
The Wall Street Code (Economics, 7.6)
Picasso: Love, Sex and Art (Art, 7.0)
Unforeseen Consequences: A Half-Life Documentary (Entertainment, 7.7)
Bobby Fischer Against the World (Biography, 7.5)
The History of Grand Theft Auto (Entertainment, 6.5)
Also in History
Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance (2004, 8.3)
Children of the Decree (2005, 8.0)
World War 1: American Legacy (2006, 7.9)
The French Revolution (2005, 7.2)
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The Scottish Voting System
There are 73 constituency seats and 56 regional seats in the Scottish voting system. Combined, these return 129 Members to the Scottish Parliament(MSPs).
Each elector(voter) has two votes.
The first vote is used to select a candidate who is standing in a constituency. This relies on the First Past The Post (FPTP) system where the candidate with the highest number of votes will become elected as the MSP for that constituency. The Political Party represented by the winning candidate adds to the number of seats won by that party.
The second vote is used to select a party as opposed to an individual candidate and is known as the Additional Member System (AMS). Eight regions (comprising of 8 to 10 constituencies) have a list of 7 parliamentary seats allocated to them. Which party wins which seat is determined by votes cast and processed through the D'Hondt system - a mathematical process to score the votes over a number of rounds. In each round, the highest scoring party is allocated a seat. There are 7 seats available, so the process lasts for 7 rounds.
Here is a demonstration of how the D'Hondt method works for the Scottish Parliamentary Elections.
Lets assume we are looking at a region with 9 constituencies and we will allocate votes according to the general polls at the time of writing which suggests 50% support for the SNP. In the constituency seats, the SNP did well and gained all 9 seats in the region. No other party gained a seat as the FPTP system only recognises the candidate with the highest vote count in each case.
Sticking with the 50% poll, in the regional elections, the SNP received 52,000 votes, Labour receive 24,500 Conservative 15,500 Libdems 3,000, Greens 4,000 and all other parties received a combined vote of just 2,000.
These values are inserted in the table below
Regional votes
FPTP seats
To calculate which party gains the first list seat, the Regional votes are divided by the constituency seats (FPTP seats) and the highest score wins the seat. (Note, before the first calculations are made, every party has their constituency seat count increased by 1 to avoid mathematical problems caused by dividing a number by zero - i.e. you can't). We will refer to the seat count as the 'divisor'.
Labour Seat
Labour won the first regional (list) seat (so their divisor goes up by 1). To find out who wins the second seat, the calculations are done again. Labour's score is effectively halved and the Tory score is the highest.
Tory Seat
The Tory divisor is increased by 1 because of their round 2 victory. The calculations are done for the third seat and Labour has the highest score and win another seat.
The Labour divisor is increased by 1 because of their round 3 victory. The calculations are done for the fourth seat and Labour, once again, have the highest count. Labour wins the seat.
The Labour divisor is increased by 1 because of their round 4 victory. The calculations are done for the fifth seat. The Tories have the highest score and win the seat.
The Tory divisor is increased by 1 because of their round 5 victory. The calculations are done for the sixth seat and Labour have the highest score, winning the seat.
This is the seventh (and final round). The Labour divisor is increased by 1 because of their round 6 victory. The calculations are done and the SNP claim the last seat.
SNP Seat
From the results shown, we can see that the high number of votes for the SNP didn't return the most regional seats. In fact, Labour gained 4 seats - yet they had half the votes of the SNP. The Tories also did well with 2 seats awarded for the rather low number of votes cast for them. The crucial factor at play is the number of constituency seats won in the region. In this example, the SNP won all the constituency seats, so this had a big impact on their ability to secure regional (list) seats - despite having over 50% of the regional vote. This is exactly how the system is designed to work as it introduces a balancing mechanism over the two elections to provide a result that reflects a more proportional representation of the votes cast.
Seats gained
Fun with Numbers
The calculator (below) allows you to input a variety of voting results and it will return the number of List Seats.
To use the calculator, supply the number of Regional Votes for each party.
Input the number of FPTP Seats they won for the region in question. Enter a zero (or just leave the box blank) for Parties who did not gain any Constituency Seats.
All Scottish Regional areas have 7 list seats, so you can leave the number of seats at the default value of 7.
Press the button to start the scoring process. The number of seats gained will be shown and which round of scoring generated the seats for any given party (highlighted in the colour of that party). You can experiment with different values to see how the outcome will change - just input new values and press the button again.
Number of List seats 34567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829
Tactical Voting
There are many sources that claim the second vote (especially from SNP voters) should be used 'wisely' to help other pro-independence parties gain list seats and hence gain a voice in the Scottish Government. This would also deny Unionist parties list seats into the bargain.
This is a complete and utter MYTH.
For this idea to have a remote chance of working, it would require a substantial transfer of regional votes - but this would be greatly reduced in effectiveness since there are a number of pro-independence parties standing and the votes would split amongst them.
In addition, any such scheme would seriously compromise the chance of the SNP securing a majority government and to be blunt, an SNP majority is in the best interests of every pro-independence party and the Yes movement in general. A reduced count for the SNP would ultimately favour the Unionist parties and more Labour and Tory list seats would emerge.
Referring back to the fairly 'real world' example of voting intention (used previously to show how the D'hondt system works) the second vote for the SNP is absolutely crucial in securing those all-important list seats. They need every seat they can get to break the barrier to a majority government and, if you have understood the way the D'hondt system works, it should be obvious that the greater the number of votes cast in the regional elections, the better the chance of securing one or more list seats.
Remember, there is a good chance the SNP will do well in the constituency seats. This will negatively impact their ability to get list seats (take another look at the example of how this works if its not yet clear).
Those who insist Tactical Voting can specifically influence the outcome of the seat allocation have misunderstood how the scoring system works (or they have a hidden agenda).
Play around with the calculator - and in a short time, you will be able to input values that will satisfy the claims made by these people. However, it should become obvious that for those circumstances to come true, you would need to be able to guarantee the various permutations of seats and votes in both FPTP and list seat elections for any given region.
This is impossible.
The purpose of this site is to offer free, reliable information and it is not in our gift to force anyone to vote one way or the other. We can only advise that everyone votes for the candidate/party of their choice and is fully aware that TACTICAL VOTING DOES NOT WORK IN THIS SYSTEM - and in the case of the SNP, there is a real risk of compromising the ability of the party to get a majority in Holyrood.
If that should happen, there will be no majority government and consequently, no chance of a referendum within the next term.
If that scenario is bad, it could also be compounded with unforeseen outcomes due to a failed attempt to implement tactical voting. Play around with the calculator and discover how subtle changes in votes can produce huge gains for the Unionist parties.
The bottom line: Vote for who you want based on sound thinking - don't be suckered into wasting your vote(s) on attempts to influence a robust system that was designed to prevent tactical voting (which it does very well).
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Alex Ebert of Edward Sharpe and U2 Take Home Golden Globes
Submitted by [email protected] on January 13, 2014
The 71st annual Golden Globe awards marked another instance where indie and alternative music artists rose to the top. Front man, Alex Ebert, of Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, an American indie-folk band that has put out three well-received albums, won a Golden Globe award for Best Original Score for the film "All is Lost." Ebert was triumphant over intimidating opponents such as Hans Zimmer who has written scores for films such as The Lion King, and The Dark Knight; also John Williams who has written scores for films like E.T and Harry Potter. Ebert is not alone as a successful indie Golden Globe winner, as he will join Karen O and Trent Reznor for their scores in Where the Wild Things Are and The Social Network, respectively. When Ebert was joined at the microphone by P. Diddy a lot of people were seeing flashbacks of the Kanye West/Taylor Swift incident from the 2009 VMA Awards, but Diddy kept it short, just letting people know he and Ebert partied together on a yacht. U2, highly established Irish rock band, also won an award at the 2013 Golden Globes for "Ordinary Love" which won Best Original Song. "Ordinary Love" was written specifically for the biopic of Nelson Mandela titled "Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom" released 20 days after the passing of his life. U2 is well-known for their acts in social justice and activism, so the award for "Ordinary Love" was appropriately given.
[email protected]'s blog
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Latest Georgia news, sports, business and entertainment at 1:20 a.m. EDT
TOUR BUS FIRE
Passengers flee as smoke, flames engulf tour bus in Savannah
SAVANNAH, Ga. (AP) — A bus tour of Georgia's oldest city ended with the vehicle engulfed in smoke and flames.
News outlets report passengers were taking a sightseeing tour Friday in Savannah when the bus caught fire. They fled the burning bus near Forsyth Park on the edge of the city's downtown historic district.
Jim Lucas of Old Savannah Tours told WSAV-TV all passengers on his company's bus escaped safely.
Roxane Kalis Hamway told WJCL-TV she was part of a different tour group that watched as the bus began spewing smoke that quickly escalated to flames.
She said passengers on the bus didn't seem to notice at first "so we screamed at them, 'Hey, your trolley's smoking.'"
Savannah firefighters extinguished the bus fire. The cause was not immediately known.
FATAL CRASH-INDICTMENT
Georgia man accused of causing crash that killed 2 indicted
ATLANTA (AP) — A Georgia prosecutor says a man accused of leading police on a chase that ended in a crash that killed two people and injured five others has been indicted on charges including murder.
Fulton County District Attorney Paul Howard on Friday announced a 35-count indictment against Kahre Williams. A lawyer for Williams didn't immediately return a call seeking comment Friday.
Howard said in a news release that a state patrol sergeant tried to stop Williams in Atlanta around 3:40 a.m. on April 20 because Williams was driving the wrong way on a one-way street.
Williams sped away and entered Interstate 75/85 southbound. The release says Williams, who was under the influence of alcohol, lost control and slammed into two other vehicles, killing two and injuring five others in those vehicles.
CHILD PORNOGRAPHY-DOZENS ARRESTED
Child pornography roundup nets 82 arrests in Southern states
ATLANTA (AP) — Authorities say a roundup operation targeting child pornography suspects resulted in 82 arrests across eight Southeastern states.
The Georgia Bureau of Investigation said in a news release Friday that 31 of the arrests occurred in Georgia. Most of them involved charges of possessing or distributing child pornography. The GBI said some were charged after making plans to have sex with people the suspects met online and believed were minors, but were actually law enforcement officers.
About 170 agencies also took part in the crackdown that also included in Alabama, Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia.
The GBI said Operation Southern Impact III was planned for four months and the arrests came after three days of undercover operations, executing search warrants and other actions.
FORMER MILITANT-SENTENCE-THE LATEST
The Latest: Court hears challenge to cleric's imprisonment
ATLANTA (AP) — Supporters of a 1960s black militant-turned-Muslim cleric packed an Atlanta courtroom for arguments on a challenge to his imprisonment for the killing of a sheriff's deputy in 2000.
Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin gained prominence in the 1960s as a Black Panthers leader who went by H. Rap Brown. He later converted to Islam, changed his name and moved to Atlanta.
He was convicted in 2002 of killing Fulton County sheriff's deputy Ricky Kinchen and wounding Kinchen's partner, Deputy Aldranon English. The deputies had been trying to serve a warrant on him in March 2000.
Al-Amin says his imprisonment is unconstitutional because his rights were violated at trial by a prosecutor and the judge.
A three-judge panel of the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals heard arguments in the case Friday.
GEORGIA EXECUTION-THE LATEST
The Latest: Georgia executes man for killing 2 women in 1994
JACKSON, Ga. (AP) — Georgia has executed a man convicted of killing his ex-girlfriend and another woman nearly 25 years ago.
The Georgia attorney general's office said in a statement that 52-year-old Scotty Garnell Morrow was pronounced dead at 9:38 p.m. Thursday following an injection of pentobarbital at the state prison in Jackson.
Morrow was convicted of fatally shooting ex-girlfriend Barbara Ann Young and her friend Tonya Woods at Young's home in Gainesville in December 1994. Prosecutors said at trial that Morrow shot the two women and another woman when they turned him away as he tried to get Young to take him back. The third woman survived.
Lawyers for Morrow argued he shouldn't have been given the death penalty. They said he snapped because of lingering trauma from abuse suffered as a child.
Morrow was put to death shortly after the U.S. Supreme Court rejected a last-minute bid to block the execution.
HURRICANE FLORENCE-REPORT
Report: Hurricane Florence killed 22, caused $24B in damages
MIAMI (AP) — A National Hurricane Center report says Hurricane Florence killed 22 people across three states, was the ninth most destructive storm in terms of property damage in U.S. history and spawned 44 tornadoes.
Issued Friday, the report also said the September storm was responsible for 30 indirect fatalities, including 25 in North Carolina. Indirect deaths are classified as those resulting from heart attacks, house fires, electrocutions and traffic accidents.
Of the tornadoes caused by Florence, an EF-2 reported in Chesterfield County, Virginia, on Sept. 17, 2018, caused significant structure damage. One building collapsed, killing a man inside.
In all, Florence made an impact on four states. Damages from Florence were estimated at $24 billion. According to the report, the storm left 1.1 million residents without power, all but 100,000 in North Carolina.
GEORGIA SCHOOL DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENT
Georgia school district to hire new leader from Tennessee
(Information from: The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, http://www.ajc.com)
ATLANTA (AP) — The school district of Fulton County, Georgia, has picked a new superintendent.
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reports the board voted Thursday to hire Mike Looney, the current superintendent of Williamson County Schools in Franklin, Tennessee.
The district has offered Looney a base salary of $329,000, which is $34,000 more than the previous superintendent earned. He'll also get a $1,250 monthly "routine" expense allowance that doesn't require him to document purchases.
The district also promised to reimburse Looney for any "reasonable travel or other expenses," pending board approval. He'll also get $800 per month for automobile expenses and will be reimbursed for insurance, fuel, service and repairs.
Looney is expected to start in mid-June, but will work as a consultant for the district at a daily rate of $1,400 until then.
This story has been corrected to show that Looney's base salary is $34,000 more than his predecessor, not $100,000 more.
FATAL OFFICER SHOOTING
Man killed by Georgia officer attempting to serve warrant
GLENWOOD, Ga. (AP) — Authorities in Georgia say a Glenwood man has been killed by a law enforcement officer trying to serve a bench warrant.
News outlets report the state Bureau of Investigation has identified the slain person as 52-year-old David Wayne West.
The GBI says authorities with the Wheeler County Sheriff's Office and Oconee Drug Task Force arrived at an area home Thursday afternoon and saw West outside. It says West took off on a four-wheeler and fled into nearby woods.
It says one of the pursuing officers then got into a physical fight with West and fired his gun. West was pronounced dead at the scene.
The GBI says the officer suffered minor injuries. Authorities didn't immediately release the identity of the officer. An investigation is ongoing.
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Barriers of communication: The 7 layers of the ‘language barrier’
Last updated on December 31, 2017 IF YOU USE ADBLOCKERS YOU MAY NOT SEE ALL THE CONTENT. PLEASE ADD US TO TRUSTED SITES :)
Barriers of communication while travelling full time
1 Barriers of communication around the world
2 Barriers of communication: Our experience
3 Barriers of communication: The effects
4 Barriers of communication: The big 7.
5 Barriers of communication: The silver lining
Barriers of communication around the world
Barriers of communication: Top o’the morning to ya, lovely people. We have moved from Negombo near the capital of Sri Lanka, down to the south coast of the island. We first stayed for two nights at the accommodation we had booked for two weeks, and are now in another apartment closer to the beach.
Barriers of communication: Our experience
When we arrived at the house we had booked, a three-bedroom house next to a paddy field, we were told that there was a “small problem”- that they had double booked the property after two nights. This, they said, was ‘no problem’ as they had another place nearer the beach, so we could go and stay there.
Hmm. We were already raw from the world’s most horrendous journey from Thailand to Sri Lanka, on Christmas Eve (our accommodation ‘double booked’ then too), and were not in the mood to be messed with again. We said we’d look at the beach property and decide then.
We asked for the WiFi password (I had messaged ahead to say that WiFi was essential for my work and to please ensure that it was turned on when we arrived) and were told that because we’d had a fairly last minute booking (two days prior) they hadn’t had time to get the router, but that it would be here in the morning.
We then found out that the couple renting the house out actually lived in it, and that we would be sharing the house with them.
Barriers of communication: The effects
We are finding the lack of direct and straightforward communication probably the most difficult thing about travel. Each country has its own way and style of conversing, involving varying amounts of honesty and local etiquette and social codes, and all manner of things that you have to crack before really understanding what people are saying.
This has a big effect on managing expectations- coming from a fairly straight-talking country where people are used to paying for a service and then receiving that service, it is hard to accept that what you sign up for might not reflect what actually happens in reality. This is especially hard when renting very budget accommodation when we aim for the absolute basics, and then even those are a battle to actually get.
We had more palaver with the couple renting out the property after they turned up at 6.55am this morning, and also forgot to tell us that a) we wouldn’t have any water- not hot, not cold, nothing- this morning, that b) there are frequent power cuts, which we were experiencing and c) the ‘WiFi’ was a limited data package that had already run out.
Our capacity for patience was already pretty huge to be honest, after spending 24/7 with three kids for the past 7 years, but it is definitely being stretched during this trip.
Barriers of communication: The big 7.
There seem to be around seven factors involved in communication- always, but they are exacerbated when you travel. I’ve found it helpful to identify them as I think it gives me more perspective and patience when interacting with people. The factors that I bear in mind are:
The honesty and integrity of the person you are speaking with. Wherever you are in the world you’ll find honest people with good intentions; those who might give in to temptation when presented with an opportunity to benefit themselves at the expense of others, and those who will outright look to rip people off. It is easier to identify in your own country because you’re used to a baseline ’normal’. In other countries you don’t know what to expect so it’s hard to figure out if people are being genuinely friendly/ honest or if they are suss.
The event. For example, WiFi not being available.
Your expectations. In this case, the Booking.com listing said there would be WiFi, so I thought there would be WiFi. After safety it is the #1 thing we look for in a rental, because I have to have it to work. I’m also from the UK where a) accessing WiFi isn’t a big deal and b) we are used to accurate descriptions and c) we are used to British business standards, so my baseline expectation is that when a rental listing says WiFi, there will be WiFi.
Your interpretation of the event. i.e., we have been lied to and that several things that we were told about the rental are not true; this gets interpreted further as being disrespectful.
Their interpretation of the event. To give some context, the area we are currently staying in was affected by the tsunami, so restoring WiFi cables isn’t possible for most people. Properties are being rented out unfinished because people need the income. People here don’t work online so there is a different view on the importance of WiFi. Everyone around here has limited 4G data packages so that is normal to them. Also, we are white and the general perception is that white people have pretty much unlimited money so they may not understand why aren’t just at one of the big hotels.
Social customs with regards to speech. “Saving face”, oh my life. This is something I still can’t get my head around. It roughly translates to the idea that people won’t admit they made a mistake or that they can’t do something for you. For example: in shops if you ask for something and they don’t have it, they will say “tomorrow!” You can go back for a million tomorrows and it won’t be there, but they will always insist that it will be there “tomorrow”. It also means you have to hear excuses like “you booked quite last minute so we are not ready”, “booking.com made a mistake and double booked you” (we’ve heard this twice), “the government cuts off the water in the morning and I only just found out about it” (for real, the landlady said this this morning and she’s owned the house for 10 years) and “we didn’t mean unlimited WiFi, it just says WiFi, not how much.” It’s exhausting.
Language barriers. If you’ve managed to make it through the rest of the layers of communication, this is where you’ll inevitably get stung. Even if there has been a genuinely unavoidable event and they haven’t twisted the truth- you still probably won’t understand their explanation and they won’t understand your predicament.
So that’s something that we are navigating at the moment. Once you understand how a culture works with regards to language and communication, living there becomes easier- but this could take years.
For us it is particularly frustrating at the moment because we stay places just long enough to understand a bit, and then we move on. We are thinking of heading back to a more familiar country after our next stop (India) to give our brains and portable WiFi routers and patience a bit of respite, because fighting for the basics (water, electricity) isn’t fun.
Barriers of communication: The silver lining
I do think that long-term, these kinds of experiences are invaluable. Assuming that everyone is or should be the same as each other is one of the most damaging things about our global society today, with many factions trying to force others to change to be one identical unit. There is room for everyone and there is certainly room in everyone for growth of character and grace, patience and understanding.
If we hadn’t been forced to book onward tickets from Bali to Thailand at Singapore airport due to miscommunication, we wouldn’t have been with the amazing charity that we visited at Christmas time, which is when they do incredible festive things for the children they look after and their local community. My mum wouldn’t have gone on a medical outreach and identified a girl who wasn’t getting the care she needed, who is now safely in treatment at the local hospital.
If we hadn’t had our accommodation cancelled on Christmas Eve, we wouldn’t have met lovely new friends and had such an amazing Christmas with them, or learned about local charities and culture.
If we hadn’t had these inconveniences in our current apartments we wouldn’t have spent so long talking to our landlords and discovering that the woman’s family business was wiped out in the tsunami, or that the partner’s sister and her children were swept away in a devastating mudslide in June this year. The barriers of communication, like anything, can be used as a lesson.
As irritating and genuinely inconvenient as it is, looking for the silver linings is probably the biggest lesson we’ve had on our travel journey, and it’s one that I hope we continue to remember for a long time to come.
But just one thing- if you don’t sell ginger biscuits, and you’re not going to stock ginger biscuits, ever, please just say so. Hope cannot live without biscuits, after all.
Some communication resources we find helpful (also check out our series on respectful parenting):
How to Talk So Kids and Teens Will Listen 3 Books Collection Set (Child Discipline books) – How To Talk So Kids Will Listen and Listen So Kids Will Talk, Siblings Without Rivalry, how to talk so teens will listen and listen so teens will talk
Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life, 3rd Edition: Life-Changing Tools for Healthy Relationships (Nonviolent Communication Guides)
List Price:£10.29
Living Nonviolent Communication: Practical Tools to Connect and Communicate Skillfully in Every Situation
List Price:£7.59
Little Adam's Peak Sri Lanka with 3 kids: Yes or No?
8 Ways Travel Will Change You.
Living in Bali: Blue hair DISASTER in Bali!
Indian vegetarian restaurants in Bangkok: The Top 5
Winsant_Dot_Com says
nICE WRITE UP……
BAD EXPERIENCES aLSO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOMETHING EXCITING……
BUT PEOPLE MUST ALSO BE HONEST AND BE MINDFUL THAT MANY PEOPLE’S LIFE ARE AFFECTED DUE TO THEIR LIES…
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Dr. Mann on the influences that shaped Armenian artistic practices through the Middle Ages.
In our fifth and final video from a series featuring the curators of Armenia!, Dr. C. Griffith Mann examines the influences that shaped Armenian art in the Middle Ages—specifically, Armenians’ dominance on medieval trade routes and their identity as Christians through centuries of complicated geo-political changes. Dr. Mann concludes that while artistic practices in Armenia were undoubtedly informed by their relationships with the dominant empires of the time, they are in many ways uniquely Armenian and speak to a specific people and culture formed at the crossroads of the East and West.
On view at the The Metropolitan Museum of Art in the fall and winter of 2018, Armenia! was the Museum’s first large-scale exhibition dedicated to the artistic and cultural achievements of the Armenian people in the Middle Ages. In a series of videos for AGBU WebTalks, the curators of the show discussed the significance of this unique exhibition and the works represented in it.
Dr. C. Griffith Mann has served as The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Michel David-Weill Curator in Charge of the Department of Medieval Art and The Cloisters since September 2013. In this role, he is responsible for the medieval collections and curatorial staff in the Met’s main building, and for directing the staff and operations of the Met Cloisters, the branch of the Metropolitan Museum dedicated to the art and architecture of medieval Europe. Dr. Mann received his B.A. in art history and history from Williams College, and his Ph.D. in medieval art from The Johns Hopkins University. A specialist in the arts of late medieval Italy, he has published on civic patronage, painting, and devotion in Tuscany. As a curator, Dr. Mann has worked on exhibitions on the medieval cult of relics, the art and archaeology of medieval Novgorod, and French manuscript illumination of the 13th century. Dr. Mann formerly served as the Chief Curator and Deputy Director at The Cleveland Museum of Art, where he helped to lead the museum’s reinstallation, acquisition, and exhibition programs, and as medieval curator and Director of the Curatorial Division at The Walters Art Museum, where he worked on exhibitions and the permanent collection.
Neery Melkonian
Armenity 2015: Exploring Armenian Identity in Contemporary Art of the Diaspora
In this second installment from a set of interviews in which Neery Melkonian explores the ... [more]
Posted July 2017
In this fascinating biography of a 17th-century Armenian merchant, Dr. Baghdiantz McCabe r ... [more]
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‘SAND PIRATES’: Are ISIS America’s 21st Century Terror Privateers?
November 1, 2014 By 21wire 26 Comments
Patrick Henningsen
What is ISIS? If you believe government and corporate media propaganda, then you probably still think that ISIS is a grassroots Islamic ideological movement – with no connection to foreign agencies like the CIA, Britain’s MI6, Turkish (NATO) intelligence, Saudi intelligence, Israeli intelligence, or Pakistan’s ISI.
You would be partly correct, in that there is a grassroots element to ISIS, one which coalesces around vulnerable poor, economically and politically disaffected, young Sunni Muslims – all needed to refill the lower foot soldiers ranks of their fighting force, and yes, some members of ISIS have an ideological belief system, even though it’s not a very pleasant one. Theirs is a highly distorted, violent version of Islam, and a 360º theater of terror. Their force is a formidable one and international in membership. This is Mujahideen 2.0, a turbo-charged jihadist mercenary conclave of 21st century privateers, and almost certainly managed and run by allied ‘Coalition’ intelligence agencies.
According the latest UN report, foreign jihadists are heading into Iraq and Syria on “an unprecedented scale”, with bulk of the Syrian rebellion being 15,000 ‘Islamist’ foreign fighters. Hardly an Arab Spring. The middle and upper ranks of ISIS include thousands of seasoned mercenary Islamic fighters from countries far and wide including, but not limited to, escaped terrorist convicts, and former detainees released from Guantanamo Bay.
The other mythology that’s been erected around ISIS, is the idea that they are an “Islamic State” and economically self-sufficient, fledgling Caliphate – with global ambitions. How western leaders and their media minions can refer to a terrorist-organized crime confab as a “state” defies belief and, in a funny way, actually dignifies and lends an air of political legitimacy – which this ‘brand’ may not actually deserve, but count on the western media who have effectively created ISIS to also be the ones to give it legitimacy later in the story, when the west begins to ‘negotiate’ with ISIS.
No, they’re not a state, and cannot actual govern territory in any real sense. Any temporary mandate they would have over a town or village would be based on a type of theocratic-mafia state model employing heavy-handed extortion rackets, an array of syndicates, black markets, local intimidation and general warlordism. Still, you can’t stop America’s reactionary millionaire pundit class (FOX’s Sean Hannity, Megan Kelly et all, and Michael Savage, Glenn Beck) in the US from talking up ad nauseum the threat of an ISIS ‘Islamic Caliphate’ taking over the North America and western civilization and somehow implementing Sharia Law. That’s a free hint, and nice little take-away for producers at CNN, FOX News, BBC and the rest – all of whom are supplying ISIS will countless millions in free PR by keeping those camp terrorist propaganda YouTube videos on heavy rotation.
The substance and timing of that series of poorly produced ‘beheading videos’ (in which no one was actually beheaded on camera) is also suspect. Our mainstream media are only feeding the monster.
The reality of ISIS is something altogether different…
ISIS FOR HIRE: Mercenaries, and ISIS actors are always masked, coming from the most unusual places (South London?).
On closer inspection, these marauding paramilitary ISIS gangs are nothing new. They’re being paid for, and directed at the highest levels by powers outside of Iraq and Syria. So it’s no surprise that the US, UK, Saudi, Qatar and Turkey all share the exact same objective as ISIS – the destabilization of secular nation states in the Middle East and the removal of Bashar al Assad in Syria. With the same objectives and agenda, the Western Coalition and ISIS work together like a well-oiled machine. Think of them as McCain’s Private Army (see video, below).
For financial or political reasons, Empires have always used external militarized cells and mercenaries to commit unsavoury acts under a flag different from the monarchy, nation state, or private corporation who was directing them behind the scenes.
In 1979, US agencies, together with Pakistani intelligence, formed the Mujahideen in Afghanistan. Years later, this fighting force, led by CIA asset Osama bin Laden (code named ‘Tim Osman’), was rebranded into ‘al Qaeda’. Like ISIS, the Mujahideen were also privateers.
In the 1980’s, the Nicaraguan Death Squads and CIA-backed ‘Contra’ rebels, were under the financial and political control of Washington DC and death-squad specialist John Negroponte (photo, left). Through cocaine and narcotics trafficking, these paramilitary gangs were also able to fund their conquest to destabilize and terrorize Nicaraguans. So, it was no surprise when Negroponte showed up as US Ambassador in Baghdad, Iraq in 2004, that Islamic death squads began to appear in Iraq featuring some of the most brutal sectarian violence to date.
Negroponte’s understudy during this period was US operative Robert Stephen Ford. After completing his study in Iraq, Ford was then moved in 2010 to become US Ambassador to Syria. Soon after Ford’s arrival, western-backed Flash Mobs and targeted violence against Syrian police and military – erupted in parts of Syria.
It wasn’t long before the Assad government realized why Ford was installed when he was, and promptly forced him out of Damascus in 2011. Not surprisingly, critics believe that it was US operative Robert Ford who laid the groundwork for the emergence of ISIS in Syria.
History Repeats Itself
Ruthless and unconventional “asymmetric” enemies are nothing new to the United States. Historically, the Privateer, or Barbary “Corsair”, was a private person or ship authorized by a government to attack foreign vessels or governments, often covertly. During the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, Ottoman Corsairs operated along the North African coast, and attacked Colonial American ships for over a century.
OLD SKOOL ISIS: Barbary Pirates were the 17th century ISIS, terrorists who kidnapped and killed people, but controlled behind the scenes by Kings and states.
Later, many of these Barbary Pirates (Image above) fell under the control of Morocco’s Sultan Mohammed III. Privateering was also a way of mobilizing a small army without sacrificing real troops or spending state funds to do it. Privateers would generate income and operating capital through black market smuggling, pillaging and plundering treasure booty along the way. They also captured and impressed people into slavery along the way – just like ISIS today.
ALL YOU NEED IS A FLAG: ISIS sans navy. Notice the similarity.
It could be said that the Sultan Mohammed’s ladder day role is being shared by the US-UK-Franco (NATO) Axis and their GCC Gulf allies – the royal families of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Bahrain et all – all sponsors of the terrorist confab currently laying siege to two of the Middle East’s only secular governments – Syria and Iraq. Each of these monarchies have their own designs on the important strategic and resource rich compartments in Syria and Iraq. It’s been said how the former Emir of Qatar was looking forward to seeing his son Tamim as head of a new Syrian Emirate. Gas-rich Qatar has been a primary backer of the Syrian rebels since the armed civil war began in 2011, hoping to topple the Bashar al-Assad regime.
In addition, Qatar is also supporting Afghanistan’s theocratic Taliban militants – by giving them increased political clout and a plush office in Doha next door to US Central Command (US CENTCOM) in the same capital city. Small world.
In the end, ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Sham), or ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), is simply a brand. Anyone could be ISIS, and ISIS could anyone – all you need is a black flag.
In 2014, maybe all we need is a gentle word from the Sultan, or the King, to call off the ISIS pirates. If only it were that simple.
It’s the time-honored practice of non-state actors (with state sponsors) who are let loose to pillage and plunder. Today’s ISIS pirates are really just the 21st century’s version of the ‘privateers’…
ISIS: America’s Terrorist Mercenaries
Generally historical revision takes place long after events unfold and the victors attempt to bury humiliating or inconvenient truths.
Today, in the age of information, these would-be victors are finding it increasingly necessary to revise history in real-time through a strategy of increasingly repetitive, but decreasingly effective propaganda.
Phase I: Justifying Chaos
It was only in 2007 that US foreign policy openly sought to pursue war against Iran, Syria, and Lebanon’s Hezbollah, while undercutting pro-Iranian factions in Iraq which at the time the US was still occupying. Failing to accomplish this directly, the US planned a not-so-covert proxy war that would include funding, politically backing, and even arming groups ranging from the Muslim Brotherhood to militants aligned with Al Qaeda itself.
This is perhaps best summarized by the prophetic 2007 report “The Redirection: Is the Administration’s new policy benefiting our enemies in the war on terrorism?” written by Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Seymour Hersh and published in the New Yorker.
It stated (emphasis added):
To undermine Iran, which is predominantly Shiite, the Bush Administration has decided, in effect, to reconfigure its priorities in the Middle East. In Lebanon, the Administration has cooperated with Saudi Arabia’s government, which is Sunni, in clandestine operations that are intended to weaken Hezbollah, the Shiite organization that is backed by Iran.
The U.S. has also taken part in clandestine operations aimed at Iran and its ally Syria. A by-product of these activities has been the bolstering of Sunni extremist groups that espouse a militant vision of Islam and are hostile to America and sympathetic to Al Qaeda.
Hersh would also go on to chronicle American political and financial support that was being provided to the Muslim Brotherhood, even then under then US President George Bush.
In all, the supposedly “spontaneous” uprisings referred to by the Western media as the “Arab Spring” in 2011 were being engineered years ahead of time – not in an attempt to promote peaceful pro-democratic aspirations, but to serve as cover for ultra-violent foreign-backed insurrections that would leave a trail of destruction stretching along Africa’s northern coast, all the way to the borders of Iran, Russia, and even China.
Phase II: The War
After denying any role in the “Arab Spring” unrest, the US would soon not only openly support the protesters in the streets, but also support armed militants that followed in the wake of protests. This support included that of a military dimension – with militants in Libya being provided aircover and special forces initially, to eventually the air-dropping of weapons, equipment, and other supplies.
US Senator John McCain (R-Arizona) would even travel to the terrorist capital of Libya – Benghazi – and offer US support in person. He would stand literally upon the footsteps of Benghazi’s courthouse where Al Qaeda rallies would be held shortly after, promising weapons to men who would later slaughter a US ambassador in that very city.
After the destruction of Libya’s government amid NATO’s intervention, Benghazi would serve as a terrorist epicenter where weapons, cash, and fighters were being staged before being sent to NATO-member Turkey and then to fight in northern Syria. Among these terrorists were seasoned militants of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), an official Al Qaeda franchise in North Africa. One of their leaders, Abdel Hakim Belhadj would eventually find himself in power in Tripoli after the collapse of the Libyan government, and even have his photograph taken with Senator McCain (see below).
McCain’s Army: US Arms Sales Rep. John McCain in Benghazi, Libya, with former Gitmo detainee and al Qaeda General and US double agent, Abdel Hakim Belhaj.
Predictably, as NATO shifted resources and attention from the overthrow of Libya to the overthrow of Syria, the conflict aimed at Damascus escalated. It did not however succeed. Instead, the West found itself in a protracted proxy war in which its role in arming, aiding, and abetting hardcore sectarian extremists became increasingly obvious.
Phase III: The “Rise” of ISIS
Clearly, the rise of the so-called “Islamic State” or ISIS, did not happen overnight, nor by accident. It was not only the logical result of the United States continuing its strategy of proxy warfare it had carried out against Libya, now unfolding in Syria, it was also the premeditated, documented result of what veteran journalist Seymour Hersh had warned about in 2007.
It is a threat that not only Syria understands all too well, but a threat its allies including Iraq, Iran, and Russia fully understand and are mobilizing against.
The US has found itself revising history, attempting to explain the existence of ISIS lurking in the footprints of its massive support of so-called “moderates” in Syria’s ongoing conflict. The US has attempted to claim ISIS has built itself on “donations,” selling oil to the black market, and by taking hostages for ransom. If only building a multinational terrorist mercenary force was that easy, we could imagine Syria, Iraq, and Iran would likewise have vast mercenary armies to outmatch ISIS in an afternoon.
The reality is, to explain how the US and its regional partners have provided “moderates” with billions in aid only to have ISIS rise up and displace these “moderates,” we must realize that there were never any “moderates” to begin with, and that the US intentionally armed and funded terrorists, just as Hersh warned in 2007, to create a terrorist mercenary army that “espouses a militant vision of Islam” and is “sympathetic to Al Qaeda.”
ISIS didn’t displace the “moderates,” the truth of what America has done in the Middle East has displaced the lies the West has been telling the public starting in 2011 at the height of the so-called “Arab Spring.”
It is essential that people around the world continue to spread this this truth faster than the West can spread its chaos.
READ MORE ISIS NEWS AT: 21st Century Wire ISIS Files
Filed Under: Featured, International News, Middle East, Patrick Henningsen Tagged With: Al Qaeda, Bin Laden, CIA, ISIS, Syria News
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Fashion Group International Celebrates 60 Years in Denver
Jennifer Tom
In 1958 post-World War II America, when women went back to work at home and “wife dressing” was a fashion approach, six pioneers recognized the importance of female presence in the fashion business and changed the Denver landscape for good. Led by Gretchen Weber, fashion editor and illustrator for The Denver Post, the women created the Denver chapter of Fashion Group International (FGI), an organization that started three decades earlier in New York City with charter members that included Eleanor Roosevelt and Helena Rubinstein.
FGI’s 60th Anniversary Retrospective featured work from notable Denver icons like fashion designer, Julia Tobias, and milliner, Kate Ferreti. Both women were renowned masters of their craft, having designed for and dressed many of Denver’s elite of the 20th century.
“Every one of those women who created this organization in 1958 was a powerhouse of industry,” said former FGI Regional Director, Cynthia Petrus. “They weren’t just people on the selling floor, they represented major newspapers, they were fashion directors and decision makers and they added all of that power and resource to this group.”
Sixty years later, FGI Denver is one of the oldest and most vibrant chapters in the country, with members that include educators, designers and artists with varying degrees of experience. To celebrate, the organization created a retrospective at The Art Institute of Colorado, complete with installations that represented each of the six decades and beyond. “We are lucky enough to have a powerhouse of board members and longtime FGI members who were instrumental in the execution of this retrospective event,” said 2018 Co-Regional Director, Kat Dudden. “Many of the FGI archived items had been stored at the CSU Fashion Museum. The ‘decades’ committee took a trip up there in November to find the most powerful material there for their decade.”
It took four days to create a display that included fabric swatches, historic documents, photographs and vintage garments, many of which were sourced from members and friends. It was a true example of the collaborative, familial atmosphere that has made FGI so important to its members.
FGI members created collages using newspaper clippings, mood boards, fabric swatches and vintage garments to represent each of the decades FGI Denver has been an essential part of the local community.
“Coming to this event really made me think about my upcoming exhibit and made me realize I really can do this because of the support I have here,” said FGI member, Jim Howard. “I never dreamed a fashion illustrator would show in a major museum, so I’m so excited but also a bit scared, but the support I have here is a tremendous help.” More than 100 of Howard’s works will be part of Drawn to Glamor: Fashion Illustrations by Jim Howard, an exhibit organized by the Denver Art Museum that will open on March 25.
Renowned fashion illustrator, Jim Howard, is one of many pivitol figures who consider FGI essential to their career development and personal success.
Howard was not the only attendee who attributed much of his professional confidence to the relationships he’s developed through FGI. “Every meeting and event is so on point and the networking is so up-to-date that it does a hell of a lot for my confidence and running my own business,” said Ann Kuehn, who owns a children’s clothing line and joined FGI in May 2017. “I don’t think I would have the same confidence to keep fighting to keep my little corner alive without this group. I now know there is a network of people out there to help me.”
Over six decades, FGI Denver has been the solid foundation local fashion professionals have used to build their careers. The organization has provided countless scholarships to students, offered strategic workshops to new designers and business owners and served as a significant support system for women and men weathering the highs and lows of the fashion industry. As the city continues to grow and evolve, FGI Denver will become even more indispensable.
“It’s really incredible to be connected to such like-minded people, especially in a city like Denver that’s becoming more artistic in many ways,” said Kaitlyn Thomas, creator of the bridal line, Nuorikko. “Being part of FGI is going to be absolutely vital, not only because of the direct connection to people doing what I do but the connection to the incredibly close-knit fashion community across the country.”
Photography by Meg O’Neill.
Kaitlyn Thomas, was chosen to represent the future of FGI. Her modern bridal line, Nuorikko, debuted in 2017.
303 Magazine303 StyleDenver FashionFashion Group InternationalJennifer TomMeg O'Neill Photography
How and Where to View the Super Blue Blood Moon in Denver
23 Unique Things to do in Denver this Weekend
Jennifer Tom is an Indiana native and proud Denver transplant. When not writing, painting or exploring the city's fashion scene, she can be found overindulging in baked goods and listening to public radio.
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Things to do in Denver
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The Story of the Beatles’ ‘Sgt. Pepper’ Runoff Groove
Jeff Giles
Hulton Archive, Getty Images
The Beatles finished recording Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band on April 21, 1967 — but they weren't exactly working on a song.
During part of the day, the studio was dedicated to completing mixes, but once those were out of the way, the band got down to the real business at hand: recording assorted gibberish for the LP's concentric runout groove, which would end the album with a burst of noise that repeated into infinity — or whenever the listener picked the needle up off the turntable, whichever came first.
The album's cheeky closing chapter, reportedly assembled at Paul McCartney's suggestion, dovetailed with the ambitious cacophony that closed out the album's final track, "A Day in the Life" — including the song's 41-piece orchestra, three pianos being pounded at the same time and a 15-kilocycle dog whistle. The chatter they recorded for the run-out wasn't anywhere near as involved, but it still took a fair bit of work to assemble.
The group and its crew were in the studio until the wee hours of the morning recording sounds for that brief snippet, with band associate Barry Miles later recalling, "It was a triple session -- three three-hour sessions -- which ended around 4AM. The Beatles stood around two microphones muttering, singing snatches of songs and yelling for what seemed like hours, with the rest of us standing round them, joining in."
The end result added a perfectly surreal final touch to an album already piled high with ornate arrangements that strained the limits of modern recording technology and stuffed with outré experimentation that ultimately prompted a bit of critical backlash. For the amount of work it took to get that little bit of noise assembled, it proved somewhat surprisingly disposable; outside the U.K., it wasn't even included on pressings of the LP, and by the time it made its worldwide debut in the track listing during the CD era, the effect wasn't really the same.
Still, it remains a fascinating footnote in the history of a band filled with them, and thanks to the magic of YouTube, you can treat yourself to an extended remix of sorts with the video above, which plays the loop forward and backward for more than a minute and a half. Are they really saying "been so high" and "never could be any other way"? You decide.
Beatles’ ‘Sgt. Pepper’s’ Cover Art: A Guide to Who’s Who
You Think You Know the Beatles?
Next: Beatles Albums Ranked Worst to Best
Source: The Story of the Beatles’ ‘Sgt. Pepper’ Runoff Groove
Filed Under: Sgt. Pepper, The Beatles
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Houston company owns pipeline responsible for California oil spill
This photo provided by the Santa Barbara County Fire Department shows an oil slick from a broken pipeline off the central California coast near Santa Barbara (Mike Eliason/Santa Barbara County Fire Department via AP)
SANTA BARBARA, CA -- A broken onshore pipeline spewed oil down a storm drain and into the Pacific Ocean for several hours before it was shut off, creating a slick some 4 miles long across a scenic stretch of central California coastline, officials said.
Initial estimates put the spill at about 21,000 gallons Tuesday, but that figure would likely change after a Wednesday morning flyover gave a better sense of the spill's scope, U.S. Coast Guard spokeswoman Jennifer Williams said.
PHOTOS: Oil spill along California coast
PHOTOS: California oil spill
This photo provided by the Santa Barbara County Fire Department shows an oil slick from a broken pipeline off the central California coast
The spill was about 20 miles northwest of the pricey seaside real estate of Santa Barbara, and the Coast Guard said overnight winds were likely to push it 2 to 4 miles closer.
Authorities responding to reports of a foul smell near Refugio State Beach around noon found a half-mile slick already formed in the ocean, Santa Barbara County Fire Capt. Dave Zaniboni said. They traced the oil to the onshore pipeline that spilled into a culvert running under the U.S. 101 freeway and into a storm drain that empties into the ocean.
The pipeline was shut off about three hours later but by then the slick stretched four miles and 50 yards into the water.
The 24-inch pipeline is owned by Houston based Plains All American Pipeline, which said it shut down the flow of oil and the culvert carrying the oil to the ocean was blocked.
"Plains deeply regrets this release has occurred and is making every effort to limit its environmental impact," the company said in a statement.
The Coast Guard, county emergency officials and state parks officials were cleaning up the spill. Boats from the nonprofit collective Clean Seas also were providing help but were having trouble because so much of the oil was so close to the shore, Williams said. About 850 gallons of oil have been recovered from the water, Williams said.
The accident occurred on the same stretch of coastline as a 1969 spill that at the time was the largest ever in U.S. waters and is credited for giving rise to the American environmental movement. Several hundred thousand gallons spilled from a blowout on an oil platform and thousands of sea birds were killed along with many marine mammals.
The stretch of coastline is home to offshore oil rigs and small amounts of tar and seepage regularly show up on beaches.
The spill is largest in years and the Santa Barbara-based Environmental Defense Center said to have it occur in "a sensitive and treasured environment is devastating to watch." The group expressed special worry for the many species of whale that migrate through the area.
It was unclear how long the cleanup would take and whether Refugio and other areas would be reopened in time for Memorial Day weekend.
environmentbeachesoilu.s. & worldoil spill
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Mistrial in 2010 Halloween killing of 5-year-old in South LA
The jury's foreman told Superior court Judge Bob S. Bowers that the panel was deadlocked 9-3, with the majority in favor of guilt.
"We didn't see any way that the jury would come with the outcome that they did, so that was a surprise," said William Shannon, grandfather of the victim.
Leonard Hall Jr. was facing one count of murder and two counts of attempted murder.
The boy, Aaron Shannon Jr., had run to the backyard to show his grandfather and uncle his Halloween costume when gang members opened fire on each other in the alley. The boy died from a single gunshot wound to the head on Oct. 31, 2010. The grandfather and uncle were injured during the shooting.
The neighborhood where the boy lived is an active gang area, but his family had no gang ties, police said shortly after the shooting.
After the deadlock, Bowers denied defense attorney Carol Ojo's request to reduce Hall's $4 million bail.
"Our intent is to retry the case," D.A. spokeswoman Jane Robison said in a statement.
The case is due back in court on May 9. William Shannon says the family remains optimistic that justice will come.
"Perhaps some individuals didn't understand the evidence," he said.
During closing arguments, Deputy District Attorney David Barkhurst told jurors during that Hall went into rival gang territory and began shooting. He said witnesses linked Hall to the killing.
But the defense questioned the perception of the witnesses, telling jurors that "there is absolutely zero physical or forensic evidence" to show that Hall was in the alley that day.
Marcus Denson, who was charged along with Hall, pleaded guilty earlier to one count of voluntary manslaughter and two counts of attempted murder, according to Jane Robison of the District Attorney's Office. Denson, 21, is awaiting sentencing in May.
City News Service contributed to this report.
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Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astrophysik
Position ID: MPA-PD [#9811, PD-MPA-2018]
Position Title: Postdoctoral Positions
Position Location: Garching, Bayern 85748, Germany [map]
Subject Area: Astrophysics / Astrophysics
Appl Deadline: finished (2017/09/14, finished 2018/09/16, listed until 2018/03/14)
*** The account for , Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astrophysik has expired, and no new applications will be accepted. ***
* this map is a best-effort approximation. Open in Google Maps directly.
The MPA is the major German institution dedicated to theoretical, computational and interpretational research in astrophysics and cosmology. It is situated 10 kilometers north of Munich on a campus shared with the MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, the headquarters of the European Southern Observatory and several other research institutes and university departments. The campus is directly connected to central Munich by subway. The MPA has 14 long-term staff who work with about 40 postdoctoral researchers and a somewhat larger number of PhD students. The Institute runs a vigorous visitor programme and is housed in an attractive, specially designed building with excellent library and computer facilities. It also has privileged access to supercomputer facilities at the neighboring Supercomputer Centre of the Max Planck Society.
Areas of interest for this year's postdoctoral hiring exercise include stellar astrophysics, computational astrophysics and cosmology, the structure, evolution and clustering of galaxies, galaxy clusters, cosmic large-scale structure, gravitational lensing, microwave background studies and physical cosmology. Further information may be found on our web page
http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de.
Within these areas, the MPA seeks to fill a number of postdoctoral positions intended for promising young scientists who completed their PhD within the last six years. These are usually three-year and exceptionally five-year positions. Salaries are paid at German civil service rates (gross annual pre-tax income including health insurance contributions and Christmas gratification are currently in the range 50.000 EUR to 60.000 EUR, depending on post-doctoral experience).
Interested scientists are invited to apply electronically via
https://academicjobsonline.org/ajo/jobs/9811
Candidates should upload a full curriculum vitae, a publication list, a summary of current research interests and a statement of how they anticipate their research to mesh with current MPA programmes on this site by December 1, 2017.,
No further hardcopy of the electronically submitted documents will be needed. Late applications will be accepted until the posts are filled. The candidates should also arrange for three confidential reference letters to be uploaded on the same site by the same date (no hardcopies requested for the reference letters either).
The MPA is actively committed to equal opportunity in employment.
For data protection regulations, please see
http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/473439/dataprotection
www.mpa-garching.mpg.de
Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1
85748 Garching bei Muenchen
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'House of Cards' Viewing Is Huge, but Netflix Won't Tell You or Kevin Spacey How Huge
Most-Viewed Series in Any Netflix Market
By Jason Del Rey. Published on February 12, 2013.
Netflix's new exclusive political drama series "House of Cards," which stars Kevin Spacey, is the streaming video's service most-viewed series in all its market right now in terms of audience and hours of viewing, according to Chief Content Officer Ted Sarandos. But if you want to know exactly how many people have tuned in to the watch season one, Netflix isn't going to help you out. Nor is it divulging that information to show creators or actors.
The reason for the secrecy is simple, Mr. Sarandos said at the AllThingsD: Dive Into Media conference on Tuesday. Netflix doesn't sell advertising, so it doesn't need to impress advertisers, and it isn't carried by cable or satellite distributors, so it doesn't need to justify itself to them either. He also said comparing Netflix viewing numbers to traditional TV ratings would be like comparing "apples to oranges."
That lack of transparency doesn't seem to be an issue for one of the most important content creators for the service right now. Mitch Hurwitz, the creator of "Arrested Development," the canceled Fox sitcom being resurrected by Netflix in May, said all content creators really want to know about their shows is whether "it's doing poorly, it's doing ok or it's doing great."
Mr. Hurwitz and "Arrested Development" star Will Arnett, who also appeared on the panel, said they see a few advantages in working with Netflix instead of a TV network. Perhaps the most notable is that they do not feel they need to "flatten" out -- or dumb down -- the plot to appeal to the broadest possible audience, insinuating that they needed to do that to work with a network like Fox. Mr. Arnett also said the rest of Hollywood is taking notice.
"They're all saying, 'Wait, how can we do that?'" Mr. Arnett said.
Still, despite the apparently early success of "House of Cards," Mr. Sarandos says exclusive, original programming will not suddenly become what Netflix bets biggest on. It will continue to be "an important component of what we're doing," with five original series premiering this year, and a nice differentiator, he said. But don't expect 15 or 20 original series next year.
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City of Darkness.
Home/City of Darkness.
Kowloon Walled City: Life in the City of Darkness
It's 20 years since demolition of Kowloon Walled City began, but former residents hold fond memories of the overcrowded slum they called home
I like Hong Kong a lot, although admittedly only during a few months of the year (i.e. winter, when the weather is 12° and raining). One of the things that surprised me about the place, however, was how… not like the version of itself I’d seen in movies and TV it was. I guess I was expecting some kind of Pacific Rim Bone Slum-esque cyberpunk dystopia, and instead I found myself in… basically Sydney? But with better shops? And a surprising amount of undeveloped land.
Turns out, that stereotype of Hong Kong the West likes to trot out for its “exotic” near-future settings? Isn’t based on Hong Kong so much as it is the now-dismantled Kowloon Walled City. The Walled City was technically a city-within-a-city; a lawless block of land that didn’t quite belong to the then-British-administered Hong Kong and didn’t quite belong to mainland China. Most notoriously, the Walled City is the place building codes forgot; a not-quite 3-hectare mass of around three hundred high-rises and something like 50,000 residents.
The Walled City was torn down in the early 90s–there’s currently a park on its former site–but its legacy isn’t forgotten. It shows up in the (highly recommended) Shadowrun: Hong Kong, for example, where it becomes a major plot point. An it’ll continue to inspire the aesthetic of urban dystopias, whether people (Westerners in particular) realize it or not.
And maybe the ghost of the Walled City still haunts Hong Kong in its own way. Wherever there is high density housing, the City of Darkness lives on…
Alis2018-07-27T14:25:00+10:0031st July, 2017|Tags: architecture|
3 ♥ crispasabrandysnap gileonnen promisedfall
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Sliced And Stacked: A Brief History Of The Sandwich
Image Source: CNN/Jim Nowak
Despite all of our worldly excesses, the sandwich is proof that at our core, people are pragmatic. Before the term “sandwich” was coined, this portable food was simply called “meat on bread,” which frankly doesn’t have quite the same ring to it. Hot or cold, savory or sweet, finger-food or foot-long, this layered culinary staple isn’t leaving the world’s collective menu anytime soon. In honor of National Sandwich day, November 3rd, here’s a look at how the history of the sandwich stacks up:
Any way you slice it, the origin of the sandwich is difficult to trace. There are, however, several people throughout ancient history who have been seen with one in their hands (and mouths). The first recorded was Hillel the Elder, a prominent Jewish rabbi who lived around the 1st century, BC. When not crafting the Golden Rule, Hillel is believed to have placed a mixture of chopped nuts, spices, apples, and wine (somehow) between two matzos, which were to be eaten with bitter herbs. It seems that he was the first person to have a sandwich named after him: Hillel’s concoction became so ingrained in the observation of Passover that the food became known as a “Hillel sandwich.”
Hillel the Elder, integrating wine into sandwiches since the 1st century. Image Source: yin and yanglican
During the Middle Ages (between the 6th and 16th centuries A.D.) people ate not from plates, but blocks of stale bread known as trenchers. Among other foods, meats with sauce were piled on top of the trenchers and eaten with the fingers. The trencher would soak up the excess juices due to its thick and absorbent texture, and would be eaten if the diner was still hungry at the end of the meal. Otherwise, the trencher was either thrown away or given to the poor.
The sandwich didn’t become the sandwich until the 18th century. In the middle of a 24-hour gambling event, the story goes that Fourth Earl of Sandwich John Montagu wanted to be able to continue betting without taking a lunch break. He had previously visited the Mediterranean, where he saw the pita breads and small canapes served by the Greeks and Turks. Montagu instructed an aide to put together a similar meal for him that could be eaten with one hand, leaving him able to continue his gambling spree.
John Montagu, the Earl of Sandwich and gambling enthusiast. Image Source: Delicious History
Though the Montagu didn’t technically invent the sandwich, he gets the credit for making it popular and – in a way – naming it. In the book Sandwich: A Global History, author Bee Wilson writes that people soon began ordering “the same as Sandwich,” which later was shortened to simply ordering a “sandwich.”
Who, then, introduced the sandwich to America? It was likely Englishwoman Elizabeth Leslie, who in her 1850 cookbook Directions for Cookery, In Its Various Branches, suggested *gasp* serving a ham sandwich as a main dish. In her instructions, Leslie writes: “Cut some thin slices of bread very neatly, having slightly buttered them; and, if you choose, spread on a very little mustard. Have ready some very thin slices of cold boiled ham, and lay one between two slices of bread. You may either roll them up, or lay them flat on the plates. They are used at supper or at luncheon.”
Elizabeth Leslie, cookbook author and ham sandwich advocate Image Source: Revolutionary Pie
The final layer in the history of the sandwich is thanks to Otto Rohwedder of Davenport, Iowa, who in the 1920s invented the bread slicing machine. Rohwedder’s invention made life easier for housewives the world over, eventually spawning the phrase “the greatest thing since sliced bread.” Even so, 23 years after this magical contraption made its debut, U.S. Food Administrator Claude Wickard banned the sale of pre-sliced bread. Citing wartime shortages, Wickard thought it required too much packaging. The ban didn’t last long, though: the ban was lifted three months later. Officially, this had to with Wickard overestimating the savings such a ban would produce, but in reality it likely had much to do with harsh public outcry.
Fast forward to the 21st century. Now the sandwich has its official name and its pre-sliced bread. It also has some pretty odd — if not entirely unappetizing — incarnations:
Like this gallery?
And if you liked this post, be sure to check out these popular posts:
The Fascinating History Of Footwear
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Brits love to layer their carbs, as can be seen with a creation called the “chip butty.” Chips, being fried potatoes, are combined with “butty”, or butter, to create what the UK Food Network has described as an "alluringly bland" sandwich.BBC America
New England is known for many things; crisp ocean air, beautiful fall weather, and apparently baked bean sandwiches. Just baked beans on bread. Yankee Magazine/Aimee Seavey
Nothing screams Australian cuisine like vegemite. Literally developed from brewery by-products, this dark brown paste has a distinctive, yeasty tang, and is smeared on toast or biscuits.Flickr/Janeen
Behold the "Kandy Kake slider," a beef brisket patty between two vanilla sponge cakes ,surrounded with peanut butter and chocolate, and topped with American cheese and Sriracha-cherry jam.
If you want to try this one, you’ll have to make it yourself; the Philadelphia restaurant that invented it is now closed. Go figure.CBS Philly
This is a donkey burger. That’s not a cute nickname for a regular burger – it’s really burro on a bun – and it’s a specialty in Hebei province, China. There’s also a saying to accompany this sandwich: “In Heaven there is dragon meat, on Earth there is donkey meat.”Beijing Food Bible
Zungenwurst, above, is German. This should perhaps be your first clue to keep your distance, but since you’re still reading, we'll go ahead and tell you that Zungenwurst is a head cheese made from pig’s blood and chunks of pickled beef tongue, formed with fillers into a loaf, and used as a cold cut. Bon appetit!Wikimedia Commons
Above you can bear witness to a fried brain sandwich, traditionally made from calf brains and served in the American Midwest. Since the onset of mad cow disease, however, regulations have insisted that any fried brain sandwich served to the public be made out of pig’s brains instead. How thoughtful.Wikipedia
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Erin Kelly is a freelance writer, artist and video editor that splits her time between the humid Midwest and the dusty corners of her mind.
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What do you call ...? I like this dialect survey (recommended by Andrew Sullivan).
"What do you call the area of grass between the sidewalk and the road?" Lots of names for that, I see now, but where I come from it was called the "extension," which is apparently an even more minor term than "terrace," which they call it here in Madison.
It's too late to participate in the survey, but you can get an assessment of your regional tendency by taking a quiz here. I came out 43% Yankee on the quiz, which is probably a pretty accurate way to describe someone who started in northern Delaware (Newark and Wilmington)(and had a Delaware father), spent her teens in northern New Jersey (Wayne), lived 5 years in Michigan (and had a Michigan mother), 10 years in New York City, and, having reached the age of dialect impermeability, 20 years in Wisconsin.
Tags: Andrew Sullivan, Delaware, grass, language, Michigan
Words needed. Here are two things that it would be nice to have a word for:
1. The inaccurate sense of bodily dimension caused by wearing a backpack that leads a person to think they can turn around in a space that would be adequate if they were not wearing a backpack.
2. The sense that a word is the wrong word because when you think of it you add on some other words that it is often found with in a phrase, even though you are not using that phrase. For example, I cannot stand the use of the word "Likewise" to begin a sentence. I've got to change it to "Similarly" because it causes me to think "Likewise, I'm sure"--which is a bit weird because people don't say "Likewise, I'm sure" anymore and in fact it's hard to remember why they ever did. For some reason, I picture Jean Harlow saying it.
UPDATE: My son John offers two more examples of the "sense that a word is wrong...":
"Presume" suggests "Dr. Livingstone, I presume"
"Surely" suggests "Surely you jest"
Tags: Jac, language
What do you want, a medal? Let me offer Banuchi a more apt analogy than his gold and sandstone, so it will make more sense to be concerned with how government labels something: marriage is like a medal. If the government had a medal that had previously been given only to soldiers who had been wounded in battle while saving the life of another, and it then starts giving the medal to all soldiers wounded in battle, the soldiers who met the higher standard would suffer a devaluation of their medal.
But why should government be involved in giving out medals for the quality of our personal relationships? But let's say we think that government should be giving out medals to honor people's relationships and that marriage is the highest honor to be paid. Shouldn't government have to apply a more substantive standard for handing out honors than just the sex of the proposed recipients? Government does not and cannot examine what is really deeply valuable about a relationship. That would be an outrageous intrusion. All that is left then is to honor people because of their genitalia.
So the new analogy--which I think is better than any other analogy I've seen--is also defective. The devalued medal had once designated a particularly worthy performance in battle, and now no longer communicates that the person who received the medal had that additional distinction. The label marriage, when restricted to different sex couples, isn't needed to communicate that a couple in fact has the distinction of having two kinds of genitalia. If people could marry without the two sex requirement, we'd still be able to detect which couples met the man + woman standard. What we would lose is the government's expression of the belief that higher honor is due. People need to think clearly about not just whether that belief is correct but about whether government ought to be expressing it.
Tags: analogies, gold, law, marriage, rhetoric, sexual orientation
For the annals of bad analogies. After the NYT wrote an editorial favoring gay marriage, the Executive Director of the New York Christian Coalition, Rev. Bill Banuchi, wrote in to offer an analogy to show how recognizing gay marriage hurts traditional marriage:
If I have an ounce of gold and the government suddenly announces that sandstone will now be called gold and valued equally, what will happen to the value of my gold? It will crash, and so will the economy.
So will it be with gay marriage. Marriage will be further devalued, and so will our entire social order.
I suspect the Times chose this letter because it is such a monumentally bad analogy. Gold is, obviously, not like marriage, because people have an interest in accumulating quantities of gold, but each person can only have one other person in the marriage market. Once you have your one, you have no interest in whether someone else also has one. You have no interest in maintaining the scarcity of marriage, because there is no less value in your relationship to another person if other people also have relationships. In fact, you're better off if other people are also securely paired off, because then rivals for your spouse are less likely to interfere with your relationship. Preserving the scarcity of a traded good like gold may bolster its price, but there is no equivalent point where you "sell" your marriage.
Banuchi's attitude toward government labeling also doesn't make sense. If the government were to say "sandstone will now be called gold and valued equally," as long as I could see the two products and choose my vendor, I would still buy the real gold. Who would buy sandstone at the price of gold? In fact, people would stop buying sandstone at all if government fixed its price at the same level as gold! If somehow people did want to buy sandstone at the price of gold, it must be because they have found some amazing quality to standstone that inspires them to buy it. Thus, Banuchi may think that a gay relationship is like a worthless stone compared to gold, but if people are choosing it over heterosexual marriage when both impose the same obligations, it must be because they have found real value in it. It would not be the government labeling that caused that value to come into being, but the experiences of the people engaging in the relationship.
UPDATE: If you read this earlier, you might have seen that I had "diamonds" instead of gold at one point. That was caused by bad editing. I was going to offer Banuchi the tip that he'd have a better analogy if he used diamonds and cubic zirconium instead of gold and sandstone, because there would be some potential to mistake one for the other. That got too complicated and I'd meant to take it out. Sorry.
Tags: analogies, gender politics, gold, law, marriage, rhetoric, same-sex marriage, sexual orientation
Gay marriage in .... Cambodia! King Norodom Sihanouk has an opinion, according to BBC news:
After watching television images of gay marriages in San Francisco, the 81-year-old monarch has decided that single sex weddings should be allowed in Cambodia too.
He expressed his views in a hand written message on his website which has proved extremely popular in Cambodia.
The king said that as a "liberal democracy", Cambodia should allow "marriage between man and man... or between woman and woman."
He said he had respect for homosexual and lesbians and said they were as they were because God loved a "wide range of tastes."
Those televised images are powerful.
Tags: Cambodia, gender politics, law, marriage, same-sex marriage, San Francisco, sexual orientation
How Madison Voted in the Primary. Once again I've seen something in The Isthmus (our local free tabloid) but can't link it to their website, because their website is woefully deficient. (Uh-oh, second use of the word "woefully" today! Should I be concerned about my mood or my woefully deficient vocabulary?)
The Isthmus has the city mapped by region showing how people voted. There was so much Dean-related activity through the whole campaign season, yet Dean only won the isthmus area, that is, the studenty part of town. Kerry won most of the city, so what did Edwards win? Interestingly enough, Edwards won the wealthiest neighborhoods, Shorewood and Maple Bluff! Edwards is the one who stresses his humble background and claims special connection to the least wealthy people. That resonates with the most wealthy people, which for some reason, doesn't surprise me.
Tags: 2004 campaign, Madison
Watching for the cobra. Prof. Yin has a nice analysis of last night's The Apprentice. There are lots of reasons for watching this show. As you may know, I was going to quit watching, right at the point when Trump promoted his golf course as the best golf course in NY State. But, yeah, I'm watching again, even though last night he went on about how great his "yooge" house in the suburbs is. One reason people watch, apparently, judging from Prof. Yin's comments, is to see Trump snap his fingers in the the cobra-strike motion when he says "You're fired." I think I've heard of people going about saying "You're fired" and doing the cobra gesture just for fun. That could be really annoying. Imagine if lawprofs did that to students who gave bad answers in classroom Socratic dialogues.
My comment on the competition last night is this. They spent way too much effort and, especially, time fixing up the apartments. More of a markup on the previous rental price for either apartment could have been achieved if they had just basically cleaned up the apartment on the first day and spent far more of the time drumming up prospective tenants and negotiating with them. The apartments were already quite valuable, and the teams were going to be judged on how much of a markup they achieved over the old rent. But there was no way to determine how much of the markup to attribute to improvements made. They left too little time to sell the apartment and completely reeked of desperation in the end. As usual, they were reduced to running out in the street and begging passersby to do business with them. That was a bad approach to lemonade, but even worse when trying to get people to sign a lease.
Tags: "The Apprentice", Socratic method
Advertising America in Arabic. The U.S. broadcasts television in Arabic in the Middle East. The NYT reports:
Between programs, Al Hurra presents unsubtle promotional spots. Heavy orchestral music surges behind images of horses running free, or men walking against the crowd, or eye after eye opening wide. "You think, you aspire, you chose, you express, you are free, Al Hurra, just the way you are," read the text on one.
I love the Mr. Rogers line at the end.
The overall tone of this, however, isn't really any sillier or more condescending than bad commercials aimed at Americans, which are really sillier in a way since they tend to assert that a car or a soda will bring us freedom and self-expression.
Mustafa B. Hamarneh, director of the Center for Strategic Studies at the University of Jordan, is critical:
"The people they have hired look modern, hip, and the beat is fast, but it won't have an impact on the perception of the United States ... I think the Americans are mistaken if they assume they can change their image in the region. ... People became anti-American because they don't like American policies."
But if that were really true, why would Americans spend so much money advertising to other Americans, about political matters as well as ordinary products? Why would we concern ourselves so much with the effect of money on political campaigns? It must be that advertising works, even on educated and sophisticated people. I can understand thinking that one is being talked down to and patronized when advertising (aka propaganda) is aimed their way, but I hope Al Hurra's target audience realizes that Americans advertise to Americans in the same way.
Tags: advertising, horses, journalism, propaganda
It's wrong to laugh at memorials, isn't it? But some of these are woefully absurd. Click on the slideshow for pictures of losing proposals for the WTC memorial. Which is worst: two jet planes, a giant question mark, a large steel globe with sprawling legs and long arms with hands that hold a smaller globe, a giant apple impaled on a 900 foot spike, the artificial heart doctor's heart-shaped box kitsch? If you go here, you can search by state or country and find proposals from individual cities. The losing entries implicitly make the argument for Maya Lin-style minimalism.
Tags: 9/11, art, minimalism
Prospects for a one-on-one debate. I wonder if Kerry will take up Edwards' challenge to have a two-man debate. I'd like to see them do it. It would be different, and so they might be able to get some new people to watch. Kerry should be able to trust Edwards to keep it sunny, since that is the Edwards' gimmick. The two are likely to end up on the same ticket, so why not take advantage of the opportunity to share the spotlight, just the two of them?
One problem, raised by Dennis Miller on his show last night:
How craggy is Kerry going to look at that point--when you got a kid at the next podium who's got a baby's bottom for a face?
Tags: 2004 campaign, Dennis Miller, Edwards, Kerry
It's a vast right-wing con... ... I mean ... "it's a political, you know, witch hunt...."
It's Roll-Out-the-First-Lady time again!
Tags: political spouse
Forget Whole Foods, what about Pure Foods? Speaking of Atkins-ing, there's this new development:
In Southern California, two entrepreneurs (and Atkins dieters) last month opened the first two in a chain of low-carb supermarkets called Pure Foods, and individual low-carb markets are opening nationwide....
Cathryn Kennedi, 42, had gone to Pure Foods in Santa Monica, Calif., to pick up low-carb bagels, pasta and cereal (made with soy protein instead of flour). Like others at the store, she said she did not think she needed to lose weight. Still, she said, "I think there's some truth to not grabbing carbs. I feel more energy when I eat low-carb.
"I've been eating healthy for a long time, but when you get home from work, the things you grab are all carbs," she said. "The easiest thing is to grab a bagel. If they can make it easy to grab one that's low-carb, it's more convenient."
Have you noticed that people don't "eat" food anymore, they "grab" it? Well, if we were only grabbing food items, we really wouldn't have this weight problem, would we?
Of course, the cutting-edge Californians who shop at Pure Foods don't even need to lose weight. They just Atkins for "health" and "energy."
Tags: commerce, food, health, The South
"A Pleasure Palace Without the Guilt." That encounter with the evil scale caused me to go to Whole Foods and buy a lot of meat and vegetables. I see they've just gotten their first Whole Foods in New York City and they seem to be getting all weird about it. This is from the NYT (the quote above is the effusive headline):
Whole Foods subscribes to a religion that might be called moralistic hedonism. With an eye to pleasing presentation and attractive packaging, it offers a Venusberg of gustatory temptations, often rarefied, and all guaranteed to be good for you.
Oh, really? You'd think people in New York would be more jaded, but here they are, all jazzed up about Whole Foods, which is a nice but normal amenity out here in the hinterlands.
Hinterlands? Did I write that? It's only because I'm coming down with a cold and raving absurdly. I've never written "hinterlands" before in my life. I'm not even sure what makes lands "hinter," though sure the quality of hinterness (aka hintertude) is something that would make you want to go forward out of the lands in question.
Tags: commerce, food, language, Madison, religion
Feeling groggy not bloggy today. Sorry for not posting yet today, but I seem to be getting a cold, and I haven't had a cold in over ten years, so I am a complete baby about it. I must have woken up every hour last night. I'm up to disc 3 in The Life of Pi, and it's the part with the sinking ship and the scary lifeboat doings. That was all quite interesting, but not very sleepable-to.
I would prefer at this point to go home and spend the rest of the day alternating peacefully between reading admissions files and trying to finish going over the edit of my law review article, but I have agreed to help some students with their moot court problem at 1:30. I'd also like to go home for lunch, because I'm Atkins-ing again after an unfortunate run-in with an evil doctor's scale yesterday. I let my doctor know that her scale was weighing me 20 pounds higher than my home digital scale and she said she never gets on that scale and a lot of patients refuse to be weighed. I said I didn't know you could refuse, and she made a big point of blacking out the unfair weight statistic on my chart and saying she was definitely going have that scale checked. She said that about three times. That's the kind of obliging health service we get in Madison, Wisconsin.
Tags: "The Life of Pi", blogging, books, fat, food, law, off-blog Althouse, The Life of Pi
The effect of pictures from San Francisco on the American psyche. The cable news channels are covering the San Francisco gay marriage events and showing various film clips of people waiting in line to marry, marrying, and celebrating afterwards. They must have miles of footage, giving them great power to shape public opinion. Let's say they need five brief clips to go with their story. There are thousands of couples to choose from. They could try to increase public acceptance of gay marriage by picking five couples who look very clean-cut and friendly, who look warmly happy to marry, perhaps with sweet children at their sides. They could do the opposite by picking the five couples who most seem to be only using the occasion to demonstrate a political position and who seem most likely to threaten or disturb the average American.
Tags: gender politics, journalism, marriage, movies, same-sex marriage, San Francisco, sexual orientation
Why not scream? I watched Dean's speech today. As he got toward the end, he started using that growly voice that he used in Iowa just before his fateful scream. He even ended with a big sweep of the arm that seemed like the Iowa arm move that accompanied the scream. I was kind of hoping for him to do the big scream again, just for fun and because he could have done it with impunity now. Ah well, nice concession speech anyway. It's good to go out with grace and style. I remember Al Gore giving his final concession speech in 2000, after the Supreme Court's decision. He was at his very best that day.
Tags: 2004 campaign, Howard Dean, Iowa
I don't even want to talk about last night's American Idol. I don't want to have to think about it. Each singer was worse than the one that went before. Everyone this week was worse than anyone last week. I think they deliberately group them unevenly to set up the wild card show. Bring back Jennifer Hudson.
Tags: American Idol, Jennifer Hudson
Backward! If there is one way to give a boring speech in Wisconsin, it is to start out with the observation that the state's motto is "Forward." Senator Kerry, I'm looking at you.
"The motto of the state of Wisconsin is 'Forward'," Mr. Kerry said. "And I want to thank the state of Wisconsin for moving this cause and this campaign forward tonight here in this great state."
That motto was thought up in 1851, which is approximately the year Kerry's rhetorical style was last in fashion.
I was about to give him credit for not festooning his speech with adjectives. I was going to say it must have been hard to resist saying "the great state" of Wisconsin. But then I glanced back up there and saw he didn't resist.
I wonder, what state isn't a "great state"? Can we ever get another adjective for a state? No? That's just great.
Tags: 2004 campaign, Kerry, mottos, rhetoric
The pundits are just loving the Edwards surge. I'm watching Hardball and the energy is bursting off the screen tonight: they had gotten tired of the story of how Kerry somehow pulled into an immense lead, leaving Dean in the dust. The new story is Edwards, Edwards, Edwards. It seems as if we are not engaged in choosing a President, but keeping the commentators excited.
Tags: 2004 campaign, Edwards, journalism
Voting in a church. So what's it like voting at the First Congregational Church, my polling place, in Madison, Wisconsin? The booths are set up in a charming high-ceilinged library at the end of a long hallway, past a closed door to a chapel. Are there shelves all around, piled with Bibles and other religious books? Why, yes! Oh, but surely they wouldn't leave up a fabric wall hanging, about 4 feet wide and 6 feet high, with 5 inch letters reading:
More light shall break forth from out God's word
No, they wouldn't just leave that up right over where we're voting, would they? Why, yes they would!
And was there a sign outside on the street identifying the church as a polling place? Well, why not just put a cardboard "polling place" insert into the church's regular wooden sign holder? It doesn't matter that there's a lovely cross painted at the top of that sign, does it? How picky can you get!
Tags: 2004 campaign, off-blog Althouse, religion
It's scary. So last night I was tying up the phone line for a long time with my computer modem. (Yes, I am too lazy to go through the trouble of getting some sort of high speed access for home--not even too cheap, just purely too lazy.) I finally got off the phone and within 60 seconds it rings, which I think means it's pretty likely to be a computer-dialed call, especially since anyone who might eagerly call and recall me would know my cell phone number.
I pick up and out booms, "This is John Kerry!" I hang up immediately and say "It's Kerry," then realize I've also just said, "It's scary."
Tags: 2004 campaign, computers, Kerry
Primary day at last. My polling place is a church. I find that rather strange! Anyway, the skies are clear and the temperature is on the way up. On my short drive in to work, as I stopped at a traffic light near the Congregational church that is my polling place, there were two young women standing in place holding a large Dean sign. I also saw Dean signs stapled to lamp posts and telephone poles. No signs for anyone else.
I managed to avoid laying eyes on the candidates, even when events--like Clark endorsing Dean--were taking place just a couple blocks from my office. If the debate had been in Madison, though, I would have gone. In fact, I've watched all the debates this primary season. I just detest rallies.
Re-creating the brand of San Francisco? As travelers flood into San Francisco to take advantage of its (perhaps temporary) gay marriage policy, consider whether that policy is part of a larger local economic plan. Only last Sunday, Joan Ryan wrote in the San Francisco Chronicle about
San Francisco's growing realization that its singular charm is not enough anymore to counterbalance the high cost of workers' compensation in California, the ragged men and women slumped outside department stores and cafes, the $500,000 fixer-upper homes, the uneven public schools, the 1.5 percent payroll tax. …
"This city is no longer going to sit back and wait," [San Francisco Mayor] Newsom told a gathering of businesspeople soon after he took office last month. "San Francisco is on the move."
To that end, Newsom is establishing a marketing department in his office of economic development. … San Francisco is taking the counterintuitive tact of attracting big business not by downplaying the city's antiestablishment spirit but also by emphasizing it. …
Just as the mayor's office and the airport have ramped up their marketing, San Francisco's Convention and Visitors Bureau is about to start an ambitious campaign to lure tourists back. Officials are careful to say they are not "re-creating the brand" of San Francisco. "It's about how to re-express it in a new way," said Laurie Armstrong, the bureau's vice president of public relations.
Tags: commerce, gender politics, law, marriage, same-sex marriage, San Francisco, sexual orientation
Is Mayor Newsom like Judge Roy Moore? Rod Dreher at The Corner poses a question with an easy answer--and not the easy answer he implies is the easy answer:
What I don't get is this: why was it wrong for Judge Roy Moore of Alabama to unilaterally declare federal law wrong, and defy it by installing a Ten Commandments monument in a courthouse rotunda ... but it's okay for San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom to unilaterally declare state law wrong in prohibiting same-sex marriage, and defy it by issuing marriage licenses to gay couples? I mean, I know why the media was outraged by the former episode of grandstanding and not the latter, but as a legal matter, what's the difference?
Moore was made a party to a lawsuit, which he lost. He was ordered to remove the monument, and he defied the court order. If a court orders Newsom to stop and he continues, then he'll be like Moore. It's one thing to act upon one's own "unilateral" decision about what the law means in the first instance, quite another to defy a court order. Moore had his opportunity to defend his legal interpretation in court. Newsom is basing his actions on an interpretation of law, and his day in court has not yet occurred.
There are some similarities too, though. Both men decided to use their position of power to stage a demonstration that stirred the intense passion of a large group of supporters and made them feel deeply invested in preserving the new state of affairs. Maybe I'm not reading enough of the news stories about Newsom, but I don't think he's getting much approval from the press. The events are being covered, but Newsom isn't being hailed as a hero at this point. I think the coverage of the two men at the same stage in the events has been roughly similar. If Newsom is ordered to stop and he persists, he will undermine his own reputation the way Moore did.
UPDATE: Prof. Yin agrees with me (or "tends to agree" with me) about the Moore-Newsom distinction. He goes on to make the point, which is surely correct, that just because what Newsom is doing isn't as bad as what Moore did doesn't necessarily mean it's laudable: there were other ways to test the state law and produce a court opinion on the issue. On the other hand, as I discussed here, there is something to a big, visible demonstration that affects (in both directions) how people think about the legal issues. Eugene Volokh has some good discussion of the Moore-Newsom distinction and of the basis for Newsom's legal interpretation here.
Tags: Alabama, Gavin Newsom, gender politics, law, marriage, same-sex marriage, San Francisco, sexual orientation, Volokh
Which Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Are You? I got this from Prof. Yin. He was Rule 11. I too am Rule 11. Ah, I bet everyone comes out Rule 11. Rule 11 is just more of a person than the other rules.
I'm still waiting for the "Which Federal Courts Doctrine Are You?" quiz, where you can be mootness or abstention or the independent and adequate state ground doctrine.
UPDATE: This blog thinks I was somehow saying or implying that people who don't come out as Rule 11 on the Civpro quiz are "inferior." How do you get that? Somehow now the term "everyone" means the superior people? Or is it the "Rule 11 is just more of a person than the other rules." That clearly means Rule 11 seems to contain more human-being-ish attributes. For a nonhuman thing to be more like a human being doesn't imply superiority. Remember "to err is human"--being human implies a whole range of qualities, good and bad.
RE-UPDATE: Craig has reinterpreted my post now, so all is forgiven. Or, I mean ... Rule 11-ishly ... sanctions will be imposed!
Tags: law, the web
Speaking of good taste, the NYT ran an article yesterday about rudeness and driving, which began:
The comedian George Carlin has observed that all the other drivers on the road fall into one of two categories: idiots or lunatics. The former are the slowpokes blocking you; the latter are the leadfoots zooming past you.
"Lunatics"? That's not the way I heard it!
Tags: comedy, driving, George Carlin, journalism, language
The return of low-tech spelling. Gawker has the Dow Jones memo outlawing the use of computer spell checking devices.
We have had too many incidents where the use of the spell-check program within our editorial production system (news station) led to our publication of errors on Dow Jones Newswires. Most typically, this has involved the inadvertent changing, based on a spell-check suggestion, of a proper name of a person or company into a non-related word.
How one longs to know the specific errors that went out over the wire! Gawker has a funny guess over there, but it's cruder than the taste level I'm enforcing for myself here. I'll just say I've often found the suggested changes in legal materials pretty funny. The computer seems so intent on calling Scalia "Scalier." It wants to call me "Alehouse."
Tags: computers, Gawker, journalism, Scalia, spelling, Supreme Court
Some idiosyncratic arrangements. It's a nice cold morning in Wisconsin. The phone rang at 11:30 last night, after I was asleep, so I ended up having the opportunity to read a few pieces in the new New Yorker last night. I read Peter Schjeldahl's article on the Barnes Foundation:
Thousands of wonderful objects fill a graceful château that was finished in 1925. Among them, hundreds of School of Paris modern paintings and a smattering of Old Masters and American moderns are massed on walls covered in warm tan burlap, labelled only with the artists’ names. The pictures are interspersed with items of skilled metalwork (hinges, lock plates, utensils). Antique furniture, African sculpture, Pennsylvania folk art, Egyptian and Greek antiquities, and Southwest Indian rugs and ceramics and jewelry cluster throughout.
The question is whether this place can be kept intact, in its idiosyncratic form, according to the terms of the donor's will or whether a court will see the financial difficulties as sufficient to justify breaking it up. Schjeldahl begs for it to be kept as it is:
The Barnes is a work of art in itself, more than the sum of its fabulous parts. The same may be said for other institutionalized private collections—New York’s Frick, Boston’s Gardner—but without equal justice. None so engages visitors in an adventure of sensibility. As you test the virtues of the collection, they test you, probing the depths and exposing the limits of your perceptive powers. You don’t view the installation so much as live it, undergoing an experience that will persist in your memory like a love affair that taught you some thrilling, and some dismaying, things about your character. If there were other places like the Barnes, dispensing with it would not be tragic. But one minus one is zero.
You'll have to buy the paper copy to see the beautiful photograph of one orange-burlapped wall, a case of African sculptures, assorted paintings by Matisse and Picasso, and other items in an arrangement constituting one sector of the grand work of art by "the strange Dr. Albert Barnes."
The paper copy of this issue is also needed to read the David Sedaris story, "The Living Dead," which I also read last night. Serious mouse lovers should beware. Driving into work this morning, I was listening to slot 4 in the CD player which was also David Sedaris, the part where his sister Lisa is expressing her excessive concern about dogs and the story of the exotic turtles and the racoon that chewed two legs off each of them leaving them looking like half-stripped Volkswagens.
I pulled my nonstripped turtle-morphic green Volkswagen into the garage at Grainger Hall and came into my office where post-Impressionist reproductions (Matisse, Gaugin, Denis, Bonnard) are idiosyncratically arrayed on taxi-yellow walls.
Tags: art, chewing, David Sedaris, Egypt, law, Matisse, mice, museums, Picasso, sculpture, turtles
Undertaker: No Poo. The guru--she prefers "do-roo"--of curly hair has lots of tips, including don't use shampoo--which she prefers to call "poo." Why she hasn't washed her hair for years! And people pay her $200 a session for advice. So yeah, don't wash your hair, just rinse it out, or "wash" it with conditioner! Don't even touch it when it's drying and fingers only for combing. She's really quite serious:
"I have instructions in my will," she said. "The mortician must know you can't brush my hair, no pooing and leave the curls as they are."
Tags: curly hair, death, grooming
"The gay studies department, whatever that is." Robert Rauschenberg answers some questions from Deborah Solomon in today's NYT:
Aren't you having another show now at Yale?
Yes. I am not happy with it. It was organized by the gay studies department, whatever that is. It's not an approach that makes sense. I refused to give them permission to reproduce the works in a catalog.
Hmmm.... a little more info would be nice! There's this description:
"Robert Rauschenberg: Gifts to Terry Van Brunt'' features about 40 pieces that Rauschenberg gave as presents to his former lover, Terry Van Brunt. ... Jonathan Katz, an associate professor at Yale who launched the gay and lesbian studies program there in 2002, organized the exhibit.
"Rauschenberg himself does not want the work talked about in a gay context,'' Katz said. "But I am not responsible to the artist's wishes. I am responsible to the work.''
The collection includes "Bob's Face With Fly,'' a self-portrait that shows a fly on Rauschenberg's face, and "Terry's Briefcase Piece,'' a briefcase that was painted and collaged. Katz believes the exhibit is important because it shows how Rauschenberg's personal life has shaped his work.
Meanwhile, back in the NYT interview, Rauschenberg is presenting himself as impersonally as possible. He speaks of painting from photographs. Asked “What sort of photographs do you prefer?,” he asserts that he “likes photographs of anything uninteresting. Maybe just two doors on a wall.” Asked “What is so great about the ordinary anyhow?, he answers, “I find the quietness in the ordinary much more satisfying." Asked if at 78, he thinks about dying, he says “No. Not at all” and tells a hackneyed anecdote about someone else. Asked why he left New York in 1970 to go live by the ocean in Florida, he alludes to a feeling of responsibility about “everybody … leaving their spouses,” then says a fortuneteller told him “it wasn't my fault but that I should go to sunshine and water” and he “was pleased with that.” He gives as the secret to happiness “enjoy[ing] something simple, like just looking at the ocean.”
Tags: art, sexual orientation, water, Yale
John Edwards and the Coatless Girl. Edwards' use of the image of a "coatless girl" to represent the 35 million Americans who fall below the poverty line is coming in for some of the same sort of questioning aimed at Reagan's "welfare queen."
"Edwards would do better to say there's a girl somewhere in America who's cold because her family can't afford to fix the furnace," said Robert E. Rector of the Heritage Foundation, a conservative research group, who has analyzed data from the Census Bureau and other agencies on the living standards of the poor. Since the typical American family below the poverty line has a car, air-conditioning, a microwave oven, a stereo and two color televisions with cable or satellite service, Mr. Rector said, it was implausible to assume the family could not afford coats.
(Nice caricature of Ralph Nader at that link too.)
Tags: Edwards, poverty, Ralph Nader, rhetoric
Answering my own question: Point 7 in the previous post is:
Why do people say "I was thinking to myself"? Is there some way of thinking to someone other than yourself?
The answer is: Yes! It's called speaking. Notice that another way to say "I thought" is "I said to myself."
So go ahead, start saying things like, "I thought to her that she had some pretty strange ideas," and "Think to me whether I'm crazy."
Tags: language, rhetoric
Unrelated observations to get the blog started this morning:
1. The NYT Book Review leads off with a nice review of the book I've been reading this week, Sam Kashner's "When I Was Cool." The review includes some funny stuff (about Sam and the Beatniks).
2. My favorite old, old TV show, which I wish they'd release on DVD, especially since they haven't run it on cable in years as far as I can tell, is "Dobie Gillis." (Wait, that is related. Ignore this post ... unless you're in the DVD business.)
3. As you can see from the last post from yesterday, I've decided to start capitalizing the V in TiVo. It was hypocritical of me not to, because I love TiVo and because I've complained about people who are lazy about using the shift key. Also, it really does look better capitalized that way, because the V reaches over, above the i and nearly touches the T, making TV quite visible.
4. Even though I took a swipe at The White Stripes the other day, I've got nothing against them. They remind me of some things in the 70s that I liked a lot, and my favorite TV fictional character, Joan Girardi, seems to like them as well, judging from this week's episode, which I finally got around to watching yesterday.
5. Speaking of Joan of Arcadia, and going un-random again, I note that Friday's episode would be of interest to those who are following the Tennessee v. Lane case in the Supreme Court: a character who uses a wheelchair is faced with a broken elevator just as he has his first date with his beautiful co-worker who lives on the second floor. She's with him at the time and the two of them work out a way to get up the stairs. The actress is Sidney Poitier's daughter (Sydney Tamia Poitier), by the way, and the actor is John Ritter's son (Jason Ritter).
6. When I was making my link for White Stripes above, I typo'd "white strips." I wonder if The White Stripes are annoyed about Whitestrips, though I note that if you Google "white strips"--with the space in the middle--you actually do get The White Stripes, so actually it should be Crest annoyed with The White Stripes, not the other way around.
7. Why do people say "I was thinking to myself"? Is there some way of thinking to someone other than yourself?
8. Now, I've got to finish reading the Sunday NYT, which I left on the dining room table half an hour ago to go online to find out when Border's opens. I want to get to Border's early, because I want to get a table in the cafe. I've got to isolate myself from household temptations so I can get through checking the edit on my law review article. I'm quite happy with the job they did on it though so I'm no longer in the dread phase described here.
Tags: beatniks, books, disability, Dobie Gillis, elevators, law, law school, off-blog Althouse, Supreme Court, Tennessee, TV
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Home > ARENAWIRE > Indo Island Shift
Large-scale solar
Indo Island Shift
In 2014 Indonesia passed laws that promise to radically change its energy mix. In a little over eight years, 23 per cent of the nation’s electricity must be sourced from renewable sources.
The South East Asian powerhouse has also signed up to the Paris Agreement, pledging to reduce its emissions by 29 per cent by 2030.
It will not be easy. Indonesia’s energy demand is set to grow significantly over the next decade, driven by solid economic growth and a rising middle class. From now to 2020, energy demand is set to grow by 30 percent, to 2025 it will almost double. In Java alone it is set to triple.
That means a lot of new generation needs to come on board, and to meet the country’s renewable energy and climate goals, that new generation needs to be as clean as possible. Currently, less than 20 per cent Indonesia’s energy comes from hydro, geothermal and other renewable sources. Adding another degree of difficulty is a shortage of skills. It has been reported that Indonesia is short of 30,000 engineers annually.
On Friday 11 November I had the opportunity to participate in a panel discussion organised as part of the Australia Indonesia Business Week, in Perth. I believe there are many ways in which Australia, and Australian businesses can help Indonesia implement increasing levels of renewable energy to achieve its emissions targets. I focused in particular on off-grid and microgrid solutions, areas where Australia is leading the world. Here’s my view on these opportunities.
Off-grid solutions
There has been a long-standing ‘great debate’ in the history of addressing energy poverty over whether scarce funding should be invested in small-scale renewable energy off-grid installations, or whether governments and donors should focus on expanding main grid infrastructure out to rural and remote communities.
There are certainly advantages to the off-grid option as a way of addressing energy access issues. For example:
Small-scale off-grid energy can be rolled out in these communities in a matter of weeks or months, depending on the size and complexity of the off-grid energy needed, whereas communities can wait many years for centralised grid infrastructure to be expanded to their area.
An off-grid solution means certainty that energy is being delivered to poor households to enable greater household level economic productivity and education outcomes. Contrastingly, in many grids where there is inadequate supply to meet demand, poor households often find their electricity cut off before industrial and commercial facilities.
Off-grid solutions can also provide greater resilience than local, but weak, energy supply, as local communities are less likely to be impacted by blackouts and brownouts that can occur in weak or remote parts of the grid.
But, these off-grid solutions still have challenges:
Past approaches to off-grid energy access have focused on relatively simple, small-scale solutions, such as solar lights. These solutions have been very important in improving quality of life and economic outcomes in regional areas of developing countries. They have enabled step changes in levels of energy access, but they fall short of providing the same level of electricity access as a grid connection.
Industrial and commercial users require a high level of reliability, which they have traditionally sought through diesel and gas backup in areas with weak grids or no grid. They have a level of expertise and comfort with these technologies and find it risky to experiment with renewable technologies
There is a commonly-repeated pattern in which community energy demand growth rapidly outstrips installation of limited off-grid electricity supply capacity. Electricity demand in off-grid communities can rapidly progress beyond the immediate needs of lighting, cooking and phone charging to encompass an array of electric appliances.
ARENA’s portfolio of off-grid renewable energy projects, across mining operations, and remote and island communities, highlight many of these advantages, while also addressing the challenges.
Powering mines
The mining sector accounts for over 80% of total off-grid energy demand in Australia and remote industries currently rely on diesel for about 1.2GW power, that is prone to supply interruptions and price volatility.
We’ve funded projects in this space, including Rio Tinto/First Solar’s Weipa project on Cape York.
From these projects we’ve learnt there are multiple integration technologies, such as storage, demand-side management, cloud forecasting for solar PV, advanced inverters, advanced control system software, and flexible diesel engines, that can support mine site reliability.
We’ve also learnt that the commercial structures surrounding integration of renewable energy into diesel or gas minigrids for miners is key to their uptake. So we support innovative commercial approaches and off-take arrangements that allow the miners to capture the value of renewable energy at an operational level but avoids the higher up-front capital costs of renewable energy.
Off-grid community projects
The cost of solar PV, battery technologies, and integration solutions continues to drop dramatically, providing real opportunities for off-grid communities. Despite oil prices dropping from over $100 a barrel in 2014 to around $45 a barrel today, the drop in the price of solar modules has been able to keep pace, making renewable energy cost competitive for longer-lifespan community energy projects.
Moreover, diesel prices are unpredictable. Cost reductions in solar and minigrid technologies are certain. So we can now go a lot further than simple solar lights or household by household solutions. We can set up entire community scale minigrids with centralised battery banks and control systems that can provide electricity services that are comparable to a grid connection for local residents.
We are demonstrating this through a portfolio project in the Northern Territory with Power and Water Corporation (PWC) who own and operate more than 50 micro grids across 1.3 million square kilometres.
As part of this project, 9 MW of solar PV is being integrated with existing diesel power stations in more than 30 of those remote locations. Most installations will achieve 15 per cent diesel fuel displacement to start with. These system is designed so that more solar panels and batteries can be plugged in.
Meanwhile, PWC’s high-penetration Daly River site will achieve approximately 50 per cent diesel fuel displacement using technologies such as energy storage, flexible diesel technology and cloud forecasting. Daly River will in effect be the sandbox where PWC tests some of the most cutting edge approaches to delivering high penetration renewable energy while providing a high level of energy availability and reliability to residents. That will allow the utility to roll out the most successful approach to its remaining sites over time.
Grid-connected Microgrids
Microgrids are another energy solution that are attracting attention around the world, for good reason. In the US for example there is a real push to develop more of these in the wake of Superstorm Sandy, which blacked out a significant portion of the eastern states.
Microgrids use much of the same technology as off-grid solutions, but retain a connection to the grid. That gives them two advantages: they can export and import to and from the grid, but they can also be ‘islanded’, or disconnected and still continue to operate. They integrate distributed energy at a local level, and use techniques such as demand-side management to better match local demand with supply.
All in all, microgrids allow a lower cost transition from off-grid to grid connected communities. They give the flexibility to roll out off-grid solutions in the short term, and connect up to the grid over the longer-term.
ARENA has supported a range of innovative microgrid projects, including the installation of a centralised battery bank and energy management systems through 100 houses at Alkimos Beach, Western Australia. ARENA is also supporting the Lakeland solar farm in northern Queensland, which will test a number of battery operating modes, including islanding the local grid and using local storage and generation to provide broader network support.
Many of our project proponents see international markets in developing countries as the best place to take their technologies and approaches and apply them at scale.
In particular, Hydro Tasmania is developing a suite of approaches to off-grid energy through its four projects on King Island, Flinders Island, Rottnest Island, and as a technology provider to Energy Development Limited’s project at Coober Pedy. Part of this involves establishing a ‘containerised solution’ in which modular solar, battery and integration solutions can be packed into shipping containers and deployed easily, cheaply, and at scale over many locations.
Another company looking to international markets is Sunshift, an innovative company that is developing a re-deployable solar plant that can be set up and integrated on a site, and then packed up and redeployed to other sites after a matter of months. This redeployable solution can be used for off-grid mining and oil and gas operations where the project lifespan is short, it can be used to provide added generation in weak parts of the grid, and it could be used for other instances where short-term power is needed such as for disaster relief.
I see all these off-grid and microgrid projects having relevance in the Indonesian context. The country will not reach its ambitious targets with these kinds of solutions alone, but advances in this area hold the promise of making a real contribution to the world’s fourth most-populous nation transitioning to a clean and sustainable economy.
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‘India has one-third of world’s stunted children’
New Delhi, Nov 29 (PTI) India is facing a major malnutrition crisis as it holds almost a third of the world’s burden for stunting, according to a global nutrition report published Thursday.
With 46.6 million children who are stunted, India tops the list of countries followed by Nigeria (13.9 million) and Pakistan (10.7 million), the Global Nutrition Report 2018 said.
Stunting, or low height for age, is caused by long-term insufficient nutrient-intake and frequent infections.
India also accounted for 25.5 million children who are wasted, followed by Nigeria (3.4 million) and Indonesia (3.3 million).
Wasting, or low weight for height, is a strong predictor of mortality among children under five. It is usually the result of acute significant food shortage and/or disease.
“More than half of the world’s children impacted by wasting (26.9 million) live in South Asia. Of the three countries that are home to almost half (47.2 per cent) of all stunted children, two are in Asia, with India having 46.6 million (31 per cent) and Pakistan having 10.7 million,” the report said.
Globally 150.8 million children under five years are stunted and 50.5 million are wasted, the report said.
India also figures among the set of countries that has more than a million overweight children. The other nations are China, Indonesia, India, Egypt, US, Brazil and Pakistan.
In four countries, more than a fifth of all children are overweight — Ukraine, Albania, Libya and Montenegro.
Of the 38.3 million children globally overweight, 5.4 million are in South Asia and 4.8 million are in East Asia.
Prevalence of overweight children is the highest in upper-middle income countries and the lowest in low-income countries.
In urban areas, there are 7.1 per cent overweight children on average, whereas in rural areas 6.2 per cent children are overweight. It is slightly more common among boys (6.9 per cent) than girls (6.1 per cent), the report highlighted.
As with obesity, among adults, women are more overweight than among men (39.2 pc and 38.5 pc respectively in 2016). Conversely, diabetes is more common among men than women (9.0 pc and 7.9 pc respectively in 2014).
Of the 141 countries analysed, 88 per cent (124 countries) experience more than one form of malnutrition, the report said.
The report referred to a study by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) which used district-level aggregate data from the 2015 2016 National and Family Health Survey, covering 601,509 households in 604 districts in India, to understand the causes of the spatial variation.
Researchers used mapping and descriptive analyses to understand spatial differences in distribution of stunting. The mapping showed that stunting varies greatly from district to district (12.4 to 65.1 pc), with 239 of 604 districts having stunting levels above 40 per cent.
The study found that factors such as women’s low BMI accounted for 19 per cent of the difference between the low versus high-burden districts. Other influential gender-related factors included maternal education (accounted for 12 pc), age at time of marriage (7 pc) and antenatal care (6 pc).
Children’s diets (9 pc), assets (7 pc), open defecation (7 pc) and household size (5 pc) were also influential.
“This study is important in that it reinforced the multi-sectoral nature of stunting by highlighting that differences between districts were explained by many factors associated with gender, education, economic status, health, hygiene, and other demographic factors.
“India’s national nutrition strategy which is focused on addressing district-specific factors draws on analyses such as these along with district specific nutrition profiles to enable diagnostic work and policy action to reduce inequalities and childhood stunting,” the report said.
Corinna Hawkes, co-chair of the report and director of the Centre for Food Policy said, “The figures call for immediate action. Malnutrition is responsible for more ill-health than any other cause. The health consequences of being overweight and obese contribute to an estimated four million deaths globally.”
“The uncomfortable question is not so much ‘why are things so bad’ but ‘why are things not better when we know so much more than before,” she said.
As in previous years, the Global Nutrition Report 2018 finds again that the problem of malnutrition remains severe across all regions and none of the countries are on course to meet all nine global nutrition targets.
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Home » Staff blogs » Guest Post! Waub Rice Talks About How Libraries and Books Impact His Life
Guest Post! Waub Rice Talks About How Libraries and Books Impact His Life
By Michael_F_Stewart
Please welcome, Waubgeshig Rice, originally from Wasauksing First Nation, and author of Legacy and Midnight Sweatlodge.
“A library is an important pillar of any community. It is a deep well of knowledge and a rich haven of stories. It is also an important gathering place, and above all, a safe space for people of all walks of life. For me, libraries have been reliable venues in which I could expand my mind and feel at home for nearly all of my life.
I grew up in the First Nation of Wasauksing, a small Anishinaabe community of a few hundred people on Georgian Bay in Ontario. That’s where my schooling began. We didn’t have much of a library back then. There was only a small room in the band office with a handful of books that we school children could sign out. Still, it was exciting to be able to browse those few shelves for classics like Where the Wild Things Are and The Paper Bag Princess.
Every couple of weeks, we’d take a class trip into the nearby town Parry Sound to visit the library there. The big, brick building downtown was and still is an important hub. I’ll never forget the first time I stepped inside. It was like entering a vast, wonderful world of books. The big room on the right was for kids, and the much bigger hall on the left housed seemingly endless rows of shelves for older students and adults. Each of us opened accounts at the Parry Sound Public Library. We’d sign books out, and exchange them for different ones on the next trip.
In those days as an elementary student, I usually signed out sports and science books from the library in town, and took them back to my home on the reserve. I liked to read about hockey history and the vastness of the solar system, for example. As I got older, though, I became much more interested in fiction, especially science fiction and fantasy. By the age of 12, I was reading books by Isaac Asimov and Robert Jordan. Their stories transported me to realms far beyond my imagination. For me, reading became a fun escape when I had time to pass growing up in my community.
When high school began, that literary world blew wide open. Along with reading the classics in my English classes like The Chrysalids and Lord of the Flies, I had many more novels at my disposal in the school library. When I could, I’d browse the aisles, looking for anything else that piqued my interest. I was like a kid in a candy store. As a result, I always had another book on the go, no matter what I was reading for my homework.
But during these very important formative years, something was missing. Books were my outlet to learn about other people and their experiences and ways of life. They temporarily took me away from my life as an Anishinaabe youth. In the pages I lost myself in, I never read about experiences like mine. Little did I know at the time, there were many Indigenous authors writing powerful works about Indigenous life.
Fortunately, my aunt Elaine was very familiar with authors like Thomas King, Basil Johnston, and Louise Erdrich. I think she saw that I loved reading, and knew that I needed to be exposed to novels written by people like me. So as a teen, she gave me a new book for every birthday and Christmas. Before long, I had my own rich personal library that included works by Joseph Boyden, Lee Maracle, Sherman Alexie, Jordan Wheeler, and many other Indigenous writers. In just a few short years, my world completely changed.
Reading these pioneering Indigenous authors inspired me to write creatively. It became my dream to become a writer. I began to write in my free time as a creative outlet. Some of those short stories I wrote as a teen became my first book, Midnight Sweatlodge. Last year, my first novel, Legacy, was published. Both books can be found on library shelves across the country, alongside some of the names that inspired me to pursue this dream in the first place. Seeing books I wrote in libraries really is a dream come true.
Today, Wasauksing has its own library, as do many other First Nations in Canada. These libraries are important pillars that bring communities together under the unifying banner of storytelling and sharing. They inspire us to teach and learn, and to strengthen and support culture. I’m proud to be able to contribute to them, and I will continue to rely on them for the rest of my life.” Waub.
Waubgeshig Rice is an author and journalist originally from Wasauksing First Nation. He developed a strong passion for storytelling as a child while learning about being Anishinaabe. The stories his elders shared and his unique experiences growing up in his community inspired him to write creatively. Some of the stories he wrote as a teenager eventually became Midnight Sweatlodge, his first collection of fiction published by Theytus Books in 2011. His debut novel, Legacy, was also published by Theytus in the summer of 2014. His journalism career began when he was a 17-year-old exchange student in northern Germany, writing about being Anishinaabe in a European country for newspapers back in Canada. He graduated from Ryerson University’s journalism program in 2002, and has worked in a variety of media across Canada since. He started working for CBC in Winnipeg in 2006. Along with reporting the news, he has produced television and radio documentaries and features for the public broadcaster. He currently works as a video journalist for CBC News Ottawa. In 2014, he received the Anishinabek Nation’s Debwewin Citation for Excellence in First Nation Storytelling.
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“The task that has befallen us will bring worldwide glory to the Polish soldier” – the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Monte Cassino
The Battle of Monte Cassino was one of the toughest and bloodiest battles that determined the outcome of World War II.
It was the fourth assault by the Allied forces on German troops controlling the Benedictine abbey atop the hill of Monte Cassino in Italy. It ended in the victory of the Polish 2nd Corps which broke the German defense lines and opened the Allied Armies the road to liberate Rome.
Monte Cassino was the key position of the German system of fortifications in the narrowest part of the Italian Peninsula, called the Gustav Line. In the first half of 1944 Monte Cassino witnessed fierce fighting between Allied forces and German troops. Over several months German troops occupying strong positions repulsed Allied attacks. Three successive assaults by American, British, French, Canadian, South African, New Zealander and Indian forces failed.
Allied Commander Oliver Leese asked the Polish General Władysław Anders, the commander of the Polish 2nd Corps, to join the battle of Monte Cassino. General Anders agreed, believing that Polish involvement in the battle would prove Poland’s solidarity with the nations whose freedom, like Poland’s, was flagrantly violated by Germany. On 11 May, General Anders issued a historic order to the soldiers of the 2nd Corps:
The task that has befallen us will bring worldwide glory to the Polish soldier. In these moments of trial we will be in the minds and hearts of the entire Polish nation. The spirits of our fallen brothers in arms will support us.
Let the lion awake in your heart!
Soldiers – we march ahead with the holy motto of “God, Honor, Homeland” in our hearts, remembering Germany’s bandit attack against Poland, the German-Soviet partitions of Poland, the thousands of ruined towns and cities, the murders and tortures inflicted on hundreds of thousands of our brothers and sisters, the millions of Poles deported to Germany as slaves, the plight and sorrow of our country, our suffering and exile, with the faith in the justice of Divine Providence.
After bloody fighting that lasted almost a week the abbey was conquered. Another field of German defense, called Hitler’s Line, was broken. On May 18 at noon, a victorious white-and-red flag was hoisted on the Monte Cassino hill. The assault cost the lives of 923 Polish soldiers, 2931 were wounded, and 345 were never found.
The Battle of Monte Cassino was a testimony to Polish bravery and sacrifice. Most importantly, it was an expression of solidarity with other nations of the world fighting against Nazism. The Polish victory was critical to the history of World War II. It was also meant to remind Western leaders of the need to restore Poland’s independence at the time when the Soviet Union had already occupied half of Poland’s territory. As it turned out later, the decisions about the future of Poland and its borders had already been made by Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill at the Tehran Conference in 1943 and further sealed in Yalta.
After the war, a Polish military cemetery was created on the hillside and became a national sanctuary.
The battles of Monte Cassino were commemorated by a plaque at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Warsaw and by an inscription on a torch at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Krakow. A monument to honor the battle and its Polish heroes was unveiled in 1999 in Warsaw, near the Władysław Anders Street and the Krasinski Park.
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All posts tagged Sylvia von Harden
Under Cover: A Secret History Of Cross-Dressers @ the Photographers’ Gallery
The Photographer’s Gallery is a tall, narrow building on a corner of Ramillies Street (numbers 16-18, to be precise) just behind Oxford Street, a hundred yards east of Oxford Circus. It’s an enjoyable maze, with exhibition spaces on the 5th, 4th and 3rd floors, a café on the ground floor and a shop of photography books and film cameras in the basement.
Under Cover: A Secret History Of Cross-Dressers
I came to see the large exhibition of rare vintage photos of men and women cross-dressing, entitled Under Cover.
The exhibition is drawn from the personal archives of French film-maker and photograph collector Sébastien Lifshitz. For over 20 years he’s been building up an extensive collection of amateur photographs from Europe and the US documenting the surprisingly widespread practice of adult cross-dressing. The very earliest photos are from the 1860s and the collection goes on through to the 1960s.
Man in makeup wearing a ring. Photograph from a photo booth, with highlights of color. United States, circa 1920.© Sébastien Lifshitz Collection courtesy of Sébastien Lifshitz and The Photographers’ Gallery
The photos are all ‘found’ – meaning none were commissioned or taken by Lifshitz, but are largely anonymous photos of unnamed and unknown figures which he has picked up at flea markets, garage sales, junk shops and on Ebay, among other non-specialist sources. As the exhibition introduction puts it:
These photographs of men and women posing for the camera, using the clothes and gestures traditionally assigned to the ‘opposite sex’ offer a moving and candid view into the hidden worlds of countless individuals and groups who chose to ‘defy gender conventions.’
Lifshitz’s initial impulse was simply to document the act of cross-dressing, limiting his aim to accumulating photographs which showed men dressing as women and vice versa.
But as the collection grew, he began to detect different themes among the images, themes which began to suggest more interesting ways of categorising and explaining cross-dressing culture.
A group of twelve cross-dressing women in America, 1912
The historical prevalence of cross-dressing
I’m not all that surprised that lots of men have enjoyed dressing up as women because I was raised on the TV sitcoms It Ain’t Half Hot, Mum, The Dick Emery Show and the Kenny Everett Show in which men routinely dressed up as women, albeit for comedic purposes.
Drag queen Danny La Rue was all over the telly in my boyhood. He was awarded an OBE. Later on came the popular success of Lily Savage and the ongoing career of her creator, Paul O’Grady, who was awarded an MBE in 2008. Somewhere in between was Julian Clary who dresses fairly modestly now but was on TV throughout the 1980s wearing in the most outrageous outfits.
As a teenager I read biographies of Oscar Wilde and his gay circle which included cross-dressers. Also accounts of the ‘decadent’ Paris of the Second Empire or the ‘decadent’ Germany of the Weimar Republic, where men dressed as woman, wore lipstick and so on, and women wore men’s clothes, smoked cigarettes. And so on and so on.
In fact it’s a strange thing about the present generation of art curators that they sometimes give the impression of thinking that they’ve invented ‘deviant’ sex – homosexuality, bisexuality and all manner of other sexual practices – as if all these things are somehow new or can ‘only now’ be brought to public attention. This ‘now it can be told’ tone was also apparent in the recent exhibitions of Queer Art at Tate Britain and Outsider Art (featuring plenty of transvestites and transsexuals) at the Barbican.
As if there aren’t records of this kind of thing happening among the ancient Greeks or among the Romans, as if we don’t have records of it in Hindu and Moghul societies, as if Shakespeare’s comedies aren’t packed with cross-dressing gender ambivalence, or as if playing with gender roles hasn’t even been recorded among tribal societies. My point is that there is good evidence for so-called ‘deviant’ sexuality having been a permanent feature of the human race for as long as we have records.
From Sappho to Sand: Historical Perspective on Crossdressing and Cross Gender (1981) This paper reviews the history of cross-dressing, commencing with the Great Mother Cult through the Greco-Roman period and Judeo-Christian times, followed by the Renaissance period up to the 19th century to illustrate that cross-gender behaviour and cross-dressing are not new phenomena but have been present since the beginning of recorded history.
What, I suppose, is new about this treasure trove of material which Sébastien Lifshitz has collected is not the fact of extensive cross-dressing – it is that it has been so extensively documented in photographs.
The photographs provide a treasure trove of incontrovertible visual evidence, as opposed to all previous accounts which are based on the more slender and unreliable evidence of written records, anecdote, autobiography etc.
What photography does that written journalism or history or ethnography can’t is to say Here we are: we were real people, we had lives like you, we were short and tall and fat and thin and had freckles and spots and imperfections, we were flesh and blood like you and this is what we liked to do. You can’t deny or block or repress us. We were here and this world is our world, too.
Themes and chapters
The most interesting thing about the exhibition is not the news that for hundreds of years men have liked dressing up as women and women dressing up as men. That in itself is boring. What I found fascinating was the themes or areas into which Lifshitz divides his material.
There are about a dozen of them, each introduced by a lengthy wall label and they are as well-ordered and thoughtful as the chapters of a book. They include ‘the New Woman’, cross-dressing in prison camps, cross-dressing in cabarets and vaudeville, the phenomenon of ‘drag queens’, cross-dressing in turn-of-the-century in American universities, in circus and travelling shows, and many more.
Cross-dressing prisoners of war
It’s the specificity of many of these sub-sets which grabs the attention. Thus anyone who didn’t realise there is a great deal of homosexual activity in any army is naive, but a wall of photos here demonstrate the existence of cross-dressing cabarets in prisoner of war camps during both the First and Second World Wars, surely a very specialised category of activity and image. It is extraordinary that prisoners were allowed to take photos of each other dressed up, and that so many of these images have survived.
French prisoners of war in the German prisoner of war camp Königsbrück circa 1915 © Sébastien Lifshitz Collection. Courtesy of Sébastien Lifshitz and The Photographers’ Gallery
Not a job for a woman
A section deals with the backlash against the ‘New Woman’, a term coined to describe a new vogue for independent and assertive (generally upper-class) women in the 1890s.
The usual type of panic-stricken cultural conservative predicted that if women started taking up masculine habits and activities they would soon stop menstruating, become infertile and Western civilisation would grind to a halt. You can read this kind of thing in any number of histories of feminism.
Lifshitz has found various photos which are designed as a satire on this fashion. They show women posing in the costumes of traditionally ‘male’ roles (the army etc) and are designed to show how ridiculous it is for women to do the work of men – but done in a comically stylish way which suggests the photographer was taking the mickey out of the conservative critics as much as the women. The sequence is titled ‘Women of the Future’.
Women of the Future © Sébastien Lifshitz Collection. Courtesy of Sébastien Lifshitz Collection and The Photographers’ Gallery
It’s a tiny window on the past and its popular prejudices, but also shows photographers and their audience quite capable of joking about the subject, about traditional gender roles and their ‘subversion’.
Cross-dressing weddings
Apparently, cross dressing was fairly common on women-only university campuses in America in the last decades of the nineteenth century. There were clubs in which women could openly wear mannish dress. What I’d never heard of before is that there was a fashion for carrying out wedding ceremonies with an all-female cast, many of whom – well, at least the groom – were dressed as men.
Mock wedding, United States, circa 1900 © Sébastien Lifshitz Collection. Courtesy of Sébastien Lifshitz Collection and The Photographers’ Gallery
Were these a preparation for ‘adult’ life and marriage, or an odd fashion, or a satire on heterosexual norms?
The more of these sub-sets or sub-types of cross-dressing which Lifshitz presents, the more you realise that this apparently simple topic in fact covers or brings together a surprisingly diverse range of activities, attitudes and motives.
The nineteenth century growth of bourgeois conformity
Just to step back and remind ourselves of a little social history. The mid- and later-19th century saw a hardening of gender roles and stereotypes, and a concomitant a loss of psychological and sexual flexibility.
The flamboyant costumes which men commonly wore in the 16th, 17th and 18th century and which had endured into the Regency society which young princess Victoria grew up in – all those silks, ribbons, ruffs and bows – were steadily dropped as the century progressed in favour of increasingly plain, black, stiff and constricting clothes for men, and absurdly big, complex skirts with baffles and corsets, for women.
One of the complaints against Tory Party leader and Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli was that he dressed, oiled his hair and perfumed himself like the fashionable dandy which he’d been in the 1830s, long into the 1870s when such looks and behaviour had become frowned upon.
It is only in this particular historical context, in the setting of an increasingly ‘bourgeois’ concern for strict conformity to repressive social appearances, that all manner of previous types of ‘dressing up’ increasingly came to be seen as unfashionable, then undesirable, and then began to be perceived as a threat to social norms and conventions.
Why did all this happen? The conventional explanation is that the industrial revolution made life harder, more embattled and more intense for everyone, and that this was reflected in increasingly repressive cultural and social norms.
In the 18th century there had been the landowner who occasionally came up to Town and saw a small circle of bankers or courtiers, but mostly lived in reasonable agreement with the labourers who worked his land.
All this changed and kept on changing relentlessly throughout the 19th century as the new system of factories and industrialisation swept across the country. This turned rural labourers into an embittered and impoverished urban proletariat living in hastily thrown up terraced hovels, who periodically threatened to march on London or overthrow the entire political order.
In parallel was created a new class of arriviste factory owners who took advantage of their new-found wealth to try to and compete with the land-owning aristocracy in terms of lifestyle and attitude, but nervously aware of the fragility of their wealth and status.
All the classes of Britain felt more threatened and insecure. Britain had more wealth than ever before, but for many (many businessmen, factory owners and the bankers who served them) their wealth was more precarious that the wealth generated from land – as demonstrated by successive economic depressions and banking crashes through the later 19th century. These periodic economic depressions led to the steady sequence of violent socialist revolutions on continental Europe (for example, in France in 1848 and 1870) which put the fear of God into the English bourgeoisie.
In this socio-economic context, culture was permeated by a permanent anxiety, a dread that the existing state of affairs could easily collapse, from any number of causes. (I haven’t mentioned the dark cloud of anxiety created by the writings of Thomas Malthus who speculated that, if unchecked, the poorest of the poor would breed like rabbits and swamp society in illiterate thugs – yet another source for the widespread conviction that the uncontrollable sex instinct must be bridled, restricted and channelled into only the most strict, state-endorsed practices.)
And so the upper sections of society policed their own behaviour with ever-increasing anxiety that any lapse from the impeccably high standards of behaviour they set themselves might be it, the crack, the first tremor of the great social apocalypse they all feared.
The stress and anxiety about sexual deviation which had built up throughout the century into a permanent neurosis helps to explain the viciousness of the gaol sentence given to Oscar Wilde for homosexual behaviour (two years hard labour) since the judge and his class felt that an example must be made to terrify all other homosexuals into abandoning a practice which, according to their history books, had accompanied the decline and fall of the Roman Empire.
Imperial dressing up
Speaking of empires, it might be illuminating to take a detour to the big exhibition about the British Empire and Artists which Tate Britain held a few years ago.
This had a section about imperialists dressing up. It made the point that throughout the 18th century and the first half of the nineteenth century, British men, in particular, had a fancy for ‘going native’ and dressing up in the costumes of their colonial subjects. Take, for example, this image of Captain Colin Mackenzie of the Madras Army, wearing traditional Afghan Dress, by the painter James Sant (1842).
Captain Colin Mackenzie of the Madras Army, lately a hostage in Caubool, in his Afghan Dress (1842) by James Sant (Tate Britain)
But the Indian Mutiny (or the First War of Independence as Indian historians call it) of 1857 changed all this. It introduced a new note of bitterness between ruler and ruled. After the British Government took over direct rule of India from the East India Company it enforced far more strict divisions between ‘natives’ and their colonial masters, divisions which, within a generation, had hardened into unbreakable taboos.
My point is that it wasn’t only in the realm of ‘sexuality’ that people (generally well-off, well-educated people) who had once felt free to dress up as natives or women or generally amuse themselves in fancy costumes, felt themselves, in the second half of the nineteenth century, increasingly constricted in all aspects of their behaviour. It became wise to keep quiet about their little hobby or fetish.
The strictness of the taboo reflected the profundity of the anxiety – the anxiety widespread among the ruling, law-making and judging classes that one millimetre of flexibility around these issues of ‘correct’ behaviour would open cracks and fissures, which would quickly see all the ‘civilised’ values of society snap and unravel, the natives throw off their imperial masters, the great mass of impoverished proles rise up and overthrow their frock-coated masters – just as the barbarians had overthrown Rome once it abandoned the high moral principles of the republic and declined into the Tiberius-Caligula-Nero decadence of the empire.
Dressing up, wearing lipstick – isn’t that precisely what the Emperor Nero had done!
More cross-dressing
Back to the exhibition, which continues to entertain and provoke by demonstrating the wide variety of meanings cross dressing can have.
Transvestite entertainers
Take the enormous subject of cross-dressing entertainers. The wall label usefully distinguishes between men dressing as women to entertain and the far more flamboyant tradition of burlesque, which is characterised not just by women dressing as men, but by the outrageous exaggeration of ‘female’ qualities of grandstanding, elaborate dress, vamped-up make-up and so on.
The exhibition has several sets of photos of entertainers from way back at the start of the 20th century, showing how simple, naive and innocent an activity men dressing as women can seem.
Five performers on a platform. Albumen print, Hungary, circa 1900 © Sébastien Lifshitz Collection. Courtesy of Sébastien Lifshitz Collection and The Photographers’ Gallery
It describes the different forms these entertainments took in different countries, from vaudeville, burlesque and music hall at the turn of the century, on to nightclubs and revue bars between the wars.
But the sweet innocence of the turn-of-the-century is a world away, in style, glamour and bombast, from the really outrageously flamboyant cross-dressing entertainers of the 1950s onwards, a hugely popular form of entertainment in post-War Germany and France, which in England was named ‘drag’ – hence ‘drag queens’ – which continued in English popular entertainment down to my day.
Straight or gay?
Not all these men need have been gay. Many cross-dressers have been happily heterosexual but just enjoyed dressing up as women. There is, quite obviously and supported by the evidence here, a spectrum of cross-dressing behaviours and motivations, from essentially straight men who just liked slipping into a comfortable floral dress and putting on a bit of lippy – all the way to the experience of transgender men who feel from puberty or even earlier that they are inhabiting a body of the wrong gender, and so have gone to various lengths to try and transition to the other gender.
On this theme of tansgender – the story of Marie-Pierre Pruvot (born Jean-Pierre Pruvot, 11 November 1935) takes up a couple of walls but is well worth it.
Born a male in Algeria, Marie-Pierre became a French transsexual woman who performed under the stage name ‘Bambi’. Bambi was famous enough by 1959 to be the subject of a TV documentary. When her performing days were over she studied for a degree from the Sorbonne and became a teacher of literature in 1974.
There are several walls full of photos of her here because Lifshitz made an award-winning documentary about her in 2013. There’s no doubting that in her prime she was gorgeous, in that glamorous late 50s, early 60s way.
Bambi (Marie-Pierre Pruvot) in the early 1960s
Bambi undertook her own gender reassignment in an amateur way, buying over the counter hormones, until she had enough money to arrange an operation and help from medical professionals. There are several photos of her nude showing well-formed ‘female’ breasts. She didn’t just want to dress as a woman; she wanted to become a woman.
My point is that the transgender experience of wanting to become another sex is completely different:
from the heterosexual who likes dressing up as the opposite sex, for a while, as a hobby or fetish
from the homosexual who is likewise happy in his or her own skin, but as part of their character or as occasional role-playing likes dressing mannishly or femininely
from the homosexual who makes a living as a flamboyant drag queen
The Washington cross-dressers
Off to one side is a room which exhibits what seem to be the photos taken and shared among a network of rather boring, homely men who lived in 1950s Washington D.C., and who liked to dress up as rather boring, homely women and meet up at each other’s houses for parties – as recorded in a trove of photos Lifshitz has come into possession of and puts on display here.
Nothing loud or garish about it. The opposite. Rather humdrum. ‘Hello Mr Peters’, ‘Hello Mr Philips’ – except that the men passing the time of the day are wearing tasteful 1950s dresses with matching handbags.
Washington cross-dressers © Sébastien Lifshitz Collection. Courtesy of Sébastien Lifshitz Collection and The Photographers’ Gallery
This sequence immediately reminded me of the section at the Barbican exhibition about the Casa Susanna, a retreat in the Catskill Mountains of New York state, created solely for cross-dressing men.
Casa Susanna explained in a Guardian article.
The more you look, the more you see.
Women dressing as men
As to women dressing as men, some were famous lesbians who made a point of their mannish attire – I can think of a number of Weimar portraits of such aggressively masculine women who cultivated a louche bohemian image.
Portrait of the journalist Sylvia von Harden by Otto Dix (1926)
But for everyone one of these ‘notorious’ literary or artistic figures, there must have been thousands of essentially ‘straight’ women at American campuses who enjoyed dressing up as men (apparently). And then millions and millions of women who were in no way homosexual but just rebelled against wearing the ridiculously encumbering outfits society had assigned to their gender at the turn of the twentieth century, and so – without ceasing to be heterosexual women – just wore more practical, less ‘feminine’ clothes.
What I’m struggling to say is that, the more you look at these photos and the more you study Lifshitz’s fascinating wall labels which draw distinctions and categories and types and flavours of cross-dressing, the more you realise that this apparently ‘simple’ activity has in fact been carried out by a staggeringly wide variety of people, over a long period of time, and for all kinds of reasons, from trivial game-playing to profound identity crisis, from student high jinks to being the basis for a prime-time television career.
The photos
The long section on Bambi is a bit of a spoiler, really, because not many of the other people on display here are quite as drop-dead gorgeous as her.
In this respect the photos serve as a reminder (like most other collections of historic photos) of the way in which sitters for photographs (and the photographers themselves) have become steadily more savvy, more stylish, more self-aware, from the embarrassing lumpishness of 1900 –
Burlesque comedian Crun-Crun in Avignon, France, 1900, courtesy of Sebastien Lifshitz and The Photographers’ Gallery
to the knowing, rebel fagginess of the 1960s.
Man dressed as a woman, Mannheim, Germany, c.1960, courtesy of Sebastien Lifshitz and The Photographers’ Gallery
This latter photograph could have been taken today, a reminder that the world changed out of all recognition in the 60 years from 1900 to 1960, from the Boer War to the Beatles, whereas in the sixty years since then most aspects of culture – sex and drugs and rock and roll, package holidays, blockbuster movies and the ‘rebel’ look – have remained surprisingly static.
Interview with Sébastien Lifshitz
P.S. Size isn’t everything
Contrary to the impression given by the reproductions above, all of the images are quite small, certainly none of them are poster-size or painting size. The biggest ones are postcard-size being themselves old prints made from photographic film in the old-fashioned way.
Some are even smaller than that – there are whole walls of images no more than a few inches wide: for example, the iconic image of the man wearing lipstick at the top of this review is in reality only a few inches across and you have to lean right in to see it properly.
Installation view of Under Cover at the Photographers’ Gallery (photo by the author)
Somehow this makes the images seem all the more rare and precious. Not commercially-made images capable of being blown up and sensationalised, but hundreds of small, often intimate, snapshots of secret lives, secret pleasures, secret wishes and secret fantasies, preserved in this fragile format to come back and haunt our brasher, more loudmouth age.
P.S. Floof yourself
A room to one side of the exhibition contains a big fabric blob covered in felt stick-on glasses, beards, moustaches and so on. To quote the instructions:
“Soof the Floof is a genderless, gelatinous, hairy little blob. This installation invites visitors to question ideas of gender, how wear gender, how we can subvert, deconstruct and reimagine gender. Soof the Floof is large felt Floof with felt props you can mix and match and playfully challenge ideas of gender.”
The room was empty. Shame. I’d have liked to watch some gender subversion in action.
Instructions on how to floof yourself
Under Cover: A Secret History Of Cross-Dressers continues at the Photographers’ Gallery until 3 June 2018
Review in the Guardian
Other photography reviews
Deutsche Börse Photography Foundation Prize @ the Photographers’ Gallery (May 2018)
The Great British Seaside @ National Maritime Museum (May 2018)
Another Kind of Life: Photography on the Margins @ the Barbican (April 2018)
Andreas Gursky @ the Hayward Gallery (April 2018)
Post-Soviet Visions @ Calvert 22 Foundation (March 2018)
Illuminating India @ the Science Museum (February 2018)
Taylor Wessing Photographic Portrait Prize 2017 @ the National Portrait Gallery (January 2018)
Syria: A Conflict Explored @ the Imperial War Museum (May 2017)
Malick Sidibé @ Somerset House (January 2017)
Don McCullin (March 2017)
Shaped by War by Don McCullin (2010)
Unreasonable Behaviour by Don McCullin (2015)
Paul Strand: Photography and Film for the 20th Century @ the V and A (June 2016)
Beard @ Somerset House (March 2015)
Unseen City: Photos by Martin Parr @ Guildhall Art Gallery (March 2016)
Peter Kennard @ Imperial War Museum London (May 2015)
Everything Was Moving: Photography from the 60s and 70s @ the Barbican (November 2012)
Posted in Exhibition, Photography
Tagged 1857, ancient Rome, Bambi, bisexuality, British Empire and Artists, burlesque, Caligula, Captain Colin Mackenzie, Casa Susanna, Crun-Crun, Danny La Rue, Disraeli, drag, drag queen, East India Company, Feminism, First World War, gay, homosexuality, It Ain't Half Hot, James Sant, Jean-Pierre Pruvot, Julian Clary, Kenny Everett Show, lesbian, Lily Savage, Marie-Pierre Pruvot, Mum, Nero, Oscar Wilde, Otto Dix, Outsider Art, Oxford Street, Paul O'Grady, photography, Queen Victoria, Queer Art at Tate Britain, Regency, Sébastien Lifshitz, Second World War, Sylvia von Harden, Tate Britain, The Dick Emery Show, the Indian Mutiny, the new Woman, The Photographers' Gallery, Thomas Malthus, Tiberius, transgender, transsexual, Under Cover, Under Cover: A Secret History Of Cross-Dressers, Washington D.C., Weimar Republic
https://astrofella.wordpress.com/2018/06/01/under-cover-a-secret-history-of-cross-dressers-the-photographers-gallery/
This awesomely big, heavy hardback book is the catalogue published to accompany a major exhibition of Weimar Art held at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 2015.
It contains some 150 glossy, mostly colour reproductions of a huge variety of works (mostly paintings and drawings, but also quite a few stunning art photos from the period) by nearly 50 artists associated with the Neue Sachlichkeit or New Objectivity movement. The main text is followed by 28 pages of potted biographies of all the main artists and photographers of the time. All very useful.
Die Begegnung by Anton Räderscheidt
I had only gleaned hints and guesses about many of these artists from the two books on the Weimar Culture by John Willetts which I read recently, and this book is exactly what I wanted – it goes to town with a really comprehensive overview of the different types of Neue Sachlichkeit and then – crucially – gives you plenty of examples so you can understand their common themes but diverse styles for yourself.
As I’d begun to figure out for myself in my post about New Objectivity, the phrase Neue Sachlichkeit was never a movement in the way Impressionism, Fauvism, Futurism or Dada were, never a self-conscious tag used by a cohort of allied artists. As so often, it was an attempt by critics to make sense of what was going on, in this case in post-war German art.
Weimar art came in a lot of varieties but what they all had in common was a rejection of the strident emotionalism and deliberately expressive style of German Expressionism, and a return to figurative painting, generally done to a meticulous and painterly finish. A rejection of utopian spiritualism, or apocalyptic fantasies, or the deep existential angst of the artist – and a sober, matter-of-fact depiction of the actual modern world in front of them.
Self-portrait with Ophthalmological Models by Herbert Ploberger (1928)
The term Neue Sachlichkeit (as we are told in virtually every one of the book’s 14 essays, pp.6, 17-18, 105, 126, 203) was coined by Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub, the director of the Kunsthalle in Mannheim. He used it as the title for a 1925 exhibition which for the first time brought many of the new artists working in the Weimar Republic bringing together in the same exhibition space. (The introduction explains that the new trend had already been spotted by, among others, critic Paul Westheim who labelled it Verism in 1919 and tried again with New Naturalism in 1922, by Paul Schmidt who suggested Sachlichkeit in 1920, and by the critic Franz Roh whose 1925 book, Post-Expressionism: Magic Realism (which was sold to accompany Hartlaub’s exhibition when it went on tour of German galleries) presented two possible terms.)
Roh included in his book a table with two columns, in one an Expressionist characteristic, next to it its post-Expressionist equivalent. There were 22 qualities in all. According to Roh Magical Realist paintings were notable for their: accurate detail, smooth photographic clarity, painterly finish, and portrayal of the ‘magical’ nature of the rational world. They reflect the uncanniness of people and our modern technological environment. In all these ways Roh’s phrase is arguably a better descriptor for the majority of the hyper-accurate but subtly distorted and unnerving paintings of the period. But Neue Sachlichkeit stuck.
Self-portrait by Christian Schad (1927)
In fact this book makes clear that the terminology has gone on being debated, refined, rejected and refreshed right down to the present day. Maybe a word cloud or, more precisely, a phrase cloud summarise some of the ways various writers have sought to characterise it. According to various writers, New Objective paintings display:
an alienated relationship to the real… a disenchanted experiential world…detached alienated people…anti-human… treating humans like objects… lack of empathy…. excessively German objectification… a cold passion for the exactness of clichés… an aesthetics of the ugly… [according to Roh] abstraction instead of empathy… [according to critic Wilhelm Michel] the rediscovery of the ‘thing’ after the crisis of the ‘I’…
The nine essays
Of the book’s 14 essays, nine on specific academic subjects, while the last five are about the five themes which the exhibition was divided into. The nine essays are:
1. New Objectivity – by Stephanie Barron introducing us to the timeframe, the basic ideas, the origins of the term and so on.
2. A Lack of Empathy by Sabine Eckmann – looking back at 19th century Realism to conclude that the New Realism turned it inside out, concentrating on surfaces but deliberately lacking old-style empathy for the subjects.
3. Hartlaub and Roh by Christian Fuhrmeister – a dry, scholarly examination of the working relationship between the museum director Hartlaub who organised the famous 1925 show and the art critic Roh, who wrote the book which introduced Magical Realism.
4. New Women, New Men, New Objectivity by Maria Makela – Makela describes the prominence of gay and lesbian people in many Weimar portrait
I enjoyed this article hugely for the sheer unimaginative repetitiveness of its ‘ideas’. Here are choice snippets:
a mannish lesbian who cares little for the traditional codes of femininity… images of women who blurred clear-cut gender boundaries…women’s participation in sport undermined traditional gender roles… the 1920s independent young woman who undermined traditional gender roles… the prevalence of caricatures about New Women in the illustrated mass media considerable anxiety about the breakdown of traditional gender roles… the transgression of traditional gender codes was more threatening in Germany than elsewhere… clear-cut gender boundaries were being eroded in all industrialised countries… the horrible physical and psychic maladies [caused by the war] were intolerable for many German men whose gender identity was in tatters… sex, sexual alterity and gender ambiguity… an era of gender confusion… multiple and mobile gender positionalities…
5. The Politics of New Objectivity by James A. van Dyke. Van Dyke examines this potentially huge subject via the rather small example of the 1927 exhibition of 140 New Objective art works put on by the Berlin art dealer Karl Nierendorf for which the ubiquitous art critic, Franz Roh, wrote the programme. What comes over is that as early as 1927 both left-wing and right-wing critics had begun to turn against the style, accusing it of shallowness, fashionableness and petit-bourgeois crowd-pleasing.
6. New Objectivity and ‘Totalitarianism’ by Olaf Peters – A look at how the artists and idioms of New Objectivity lived on into Hitler’s Reich and then into the East German communist dictatorship. The left-wing artists fled Hitler immediately – Grosz most famously of all, managing to flee the country only weeks before the Leader’s accession. But plenty stayed behind and Peters shows how some of the blander ‘classicists’ managed to sustain careers, some even garnering commissions from powerful Nazi figures. Politicians and some artists for a while cooked up a new movement called New German Romanticism…
The situation in post-war East Germany was even more complex, as artists attempted either to deny their Objectivist pasts or to rehabilitate Objectivism as a precursor of the state-favoured style of Socialist Realism. Peters shows artists, critics, historians and scholars bending over backwards to try and rehabilitate some of the more extreme Objectivist works with the narrow Party line. In practice this seems to have been done by examining the artists’ origins: if he was the son of working class parents his art must be proletariat, and so on. It occurred to me that one reason why Weimar is such a popular period to write about is because it was the last time German writers and artists didn’t have to lie and feel compromised about their political beliefs. It was (briefly) a vibrantly open society. Post-war both East and West Germany were more crippled and constrained by their historical legacies.
7. Painting abroad and its nationalist baggage by Keith Holz looks at the way New Objective art was perceived abroad, by the neighbouring Czechs, by the French, but mostly by the Americans.
8. Middle-class montage by Matthew S. Wittkovsky – Wittowksy suggests that montage, among many other things, can be a way of allowing the real world back into a medium torn up by modernist experiments. In other words, a cubist effect is created but with elements which are hyper-realistic (photographs).
Metropolis by Paul Citroen (1923)
Wittowksy points out that both Christian Schad and Otto Dix made collages during their Dada years and tries to show that the collage mentality – conceiving the painting as an assemblage of disparate elements – underpins their oil paintings. He uses Schad’s self portrait (shown above) to suggest that 1. the two human figures are disconnected. 2. They are separated from the Paris skyline by some kind of gauze. 3. Even the body of the main figure is distanced by the odd translucent chemise he’s wearing. He pushes the idea of layers into history, suggesting that there is a collage-like superimposition between Schad’s painterly finish, derived from Northern Renaissance painters, and the 20th century subject matter.
9. Writing photography by Andreas Huyssen – This essay is not at all about Weimar photography but about the conflicted opinions about photography of a couple of Weimar-era writers and critics, namely the super-famous (if you’ve studied critical theory) Walter Benjamin, his colleague Siegfried Kracauer, the right-wing warrior and writer Ernst Jünger, and the Austrian philosophical novelist, Robert Musil. It’s always good to be reminded how culturally right-wing even Marxist sociologists and theorists are: thus both Kracauer and Benjamin thought that photography was just one of the mass media, or instruments of distraction, which were undermining older human skills and values. Huyssen is concerned with the fact that all these writers wrote collection of short pieces, short feuilletons, prose pieces and fragments, which they published in various collections, to try to convey the Modernist notion of the fragmented quality of life in the ‘modern’ city. (Wonder what any of them would make of life in Tokyo 2018.)
Like Benjamin’s buddy, Theodor Adorno, their brand of Marxism amounted to a continual lament for the good old values which were being overthrown by the triviality and vulgarity of the ‘entertainment industry’ promulgated by the hated capitalist system.
And yet…. when Hitler rose to power they all emigrated to the heart of capitalism, America, where they spent the war in exile happily slagging off the vulgarity of American culture while 300,000 American boys died in combat to liberate their culturally superior Europe.
Once Europe had been made safe again for Marxist philosophers they went back to Germany and set up the Frankfurt School for Social research where they spent the rest of their careers criticising the economic and legal system which made their cushy, professorial lives possible.
1. I have tried to make these essays sound interesting, and they certainly address interesting topics, but in every case the authors are more interested in the work of curators, critics, gallery owners, art dealers and so on than in the art. This means you have to wade through quite a lot of stuff about particular critics and how their views changed and evolved. Thus the art scholar Keith Holz gives us his interpretation of the German curator Fritz Schmalenbach’s essay on the changing ways in which the German curator Gustav Hartlaub used the expression Neueu Sachlichkeit. Which is of, well, pretty specialist interest shall we say.
The essay on how New Objectivism was perceived abroad, maybe inevitably, is more about galleries and curators and critics than about the work or ideas or style of particular artists.
The essay about New Objectivity in Eastern Germany is mainly about the efforts of various critics and theorists to incorporate it into narratives of German art which would be acceptable in a communist regime.
After a while you begin to wish you could read something about the artworks themselves.
The Dreamer by Heinrich Maria Davringhausen ( 1919)
2. You get the strong sense most of the essays are not written for a general public, for us who know little or nothing about the twists and turns of abstruse debates among art historians for the past forty years. They are not written in a spirit of introducing and explicating the art or the artists, or of giving a history of the reception of Weimar paintings abroad to the likes of you or me. No, the dominant feeling is that the essays are overwhelmingly written by art historians and scholars for other art historians and scholars.
3. Therefore all of the essays are written in the kind of semi-sociological jargon which is uniform among art scholars and historians these days, a prose style which rejoices in ‘projects’ and ‘negotiations’ and ‘situating’ debates and ‘transgressing gender norms’, the tired critical theory style which makes them not exactly incomprehensible, but simply boring.
The prose often sounds like the annual reports of company accountants, like the kind of corporate brochures I helped to write and distribute when I worked in the civil service. Here’s a sliver from Olaf Peters describing how difficult East German art historians found it to include New Objectivity in their orthodox Marxist narratives of German art.
The fear of the so-called bourgeois formalist tradition in art history indeed made it impossible for art historians in East Germany to appropriately analyse the artistic potential of New Objectivity. The GDR was hardly prepared aesthetically or theoretically to reflect adequately on the phenomenon of New Objectivity as an all-encompassing presence in the interwar period. (p.86)
Maybe that’s not long enough to give you the taste of crumbling concrete which so many of these essays leave behind on the palate. Here’s a slice of Keith Holz.
The comparative manoeuvres that art historians are enticed to make between New Objectivity and its apparent variations (or influences) outside Germany are not new, nor are they likely to subside. A more comprehensive approach might ask what is at stake in such comparisons by noting similarities between, say, American, Czech, French or Italian paintings of the 1920s and early 1930s and paintings associated with German New Objectivity. On the German-American front, this ground is well traversed, nowhere more critically or richly than in recent work by Andrew Hemingway. Based on substantial original research, Hemingway has recently reconstructed the careers of Stefan Hirsch, George Ault, and Louis Lozowick in relation to German art of the 1920s. Relating the German-born Hirsch to the public face of Precisionism, Hemingway stations the artist’s incipient career within a history of the promotion and reception of New Objectivity in the United States. For Hemingway, the link between these Precisionist-allied artists and German New Objectivity is the representational function of their artworks within international capitalism, particularly the reification of people and objects within this system. (p.93)
You will be thrilled to learn that Hemingway’s ‘trenchant interventions’ represent a ‘methodological paradigm shift’ in historical research. Phew.
My point is – I can read and understand the words, and I understand that these essays are (disappointingly) snippets and excerpts from long and specialised scholarly conversations about the historical interpretation of Weimar art among scholars and historians, living and dead, but — hardly any of it takes me one millimetre closer to the actual works of art.
Quite the opposite, fairly often as I waded through this prose I had to remind myself that the authors were talking about art at all, and not production figures for concrete pipes.
The Parents by Otto Dix (1921)
4. Repetition. Lots of short essays means lots of generalising introductions and lots of vapid conclusions. This helps to explain why they feel very repetitive. For example, the passage here the curator Hartlaub distinguished between left or verist painters (who use harsh satire, fierce colours and ugly caricature to make a political point) and right or classical artists (who take a more cool and detached view of the world) is explained in detail at least five times (pp.17, 29, 42, 126, 263). The idea that the Weimar era was one of political and economic turmoil is repeated in some form in most of the essays. The idea that capitalism is nasty and exploitative is repeated in almost all of them. The following quote from Walter Benjamin, about Albert Renger-Patzsch’s photo album, The World is Beautiful, is repeated three times:
In it is unmasked the posture of a photography that can endow any soup can with cosmic significance but cannot grasp a single one of the human connections in which it exists. (p.213)
In one long text like Walter Laqueur’s account of Weimar culture (which reads like a masterpiece of calm authority next to many of these works) basic ideas and events need only be mentioned once. In these dozen or more essays you find the same basic ideas (1920s city life was faster and more disorientating than ever before, women had more rights than before the war) being stated again and again and again.
In the wake of the war and in light of the rapid modernisation of working life, increased gender equality and sexual emancipation, and ongoing political uncertainty, artists sought to redefine their role in society. (p.260)
I wonder which decade from the last hundred and fifty years that hasn’t been true of.
Conclusions are hard enough to write at the best of times: it’s difficult to sum up the content of an essay without repeating it. It’s bad enough reading the conclusion of a single book, but reading 15 essays means reading 15 conclusions which, by their nature, tend to be very generalised: again and again they say that ‘more work’ needs to be done to properly understand or fully explore or adequately decode the multiple streams of art of the time. Just like any other time, then.
5. The fourth really irritating aspect about the essays is how many of these scholars appear to live in the 1970s as far as ‘capitalism’ is concerned. They all breezily refer to the evil affects of ‘capitalism’ as if we’re all a bit silly for not choosing one of the countless other economic systems we could be using, like… like, er… And quite a few deploy the word ‘bourgeois’ as if it still means anything. Witkovsky in particular is lavish with the expression:
The new realism could continue the avant-garde attack on bourgeois subjectivity while simultaneously addressing the incipient subjugation of all subjectivity by the seductions of capital and by political dictatorship. (p.106)
[Schad’s subjects] belong to a decadent social space removed from the normative bourgois economy of labour and domestic comforts. (p.106)
[Schad’s paintings] are montages of different social spaces. They mask the materiality of that conflict [between the different social spaces] which the photograms laid bare, but they also suggest its social dimension more directly, through the illusions of figuration. This scrambling of the separations effected by bourgeois society makes the paintings discomfiting. (p.108)
Sander, like the artists of the New Objectivity, fully inhabited the bourgeoisie. His chosen portrait locations likewise emanate a degree of comfort and intimacy typically associated with the private home, the single most vaunted bourgeois setting. (p.112)
[The photographer August Sander embarked on a project to photograph all possible job types in 1920s Germany, a project he never completed.] In the necessary incompleteness of Sander’s project lies, perversely, its greatest promise of enlightenment – a realisation that modern society is grounded in accumulation without end. Infinitude may be implicit in the foundational bourgeois idea of capital accumulation, but to put such an idea on display – and to depict it, moreover, through portraiture of the citizenry – forces a rupture with the equally bourgeois ideals of closure, separation and control. (p.113)
In short, if you like your Marxism shorn of any connection with an actual political party or programme i.e. any risk of ever being put into practice, but you still want to enjoy feeling smugly superior to ‘bourgeois’ society with its vulgar ideas of ‘capital accumulation’ and its ghastly ‘gender stereotyping’, then being a white, middle-class art historian in a state-funded university is the job for you. Your sense of irony or self-awareness will be surgically removed upon entry.
It’s not just that this anti-bourgeois, anti-capitalist view seems so rife among these art scholars now, in 2018, thirty years after the collapse of communism – it’s that they’re all based in America. America. The centre of global capitalism for the past century. Do they not own private property, cars and houses and mobile phones? Are the art galleries and colleges they work for not funded and supported by big banks and finance houses (as most exhibitions are). If they’re so disgusted by capitalism and the revolting bourgeoisie why don’t they go to a country where neither exist. North Korea is lovely this time of year. The people there are wonderfully free of the reification and alienation and objectification which make life in Southern California so unbearable.
The five thematic essays
The second part of the book consists of five thematic essays, each of which is nine or ten pages long and followed by 40 or so full colour, full page reproductions. This, then, is the visual core of the book. I hoped the essays would be a bit more general and informative. Alas no.
1. Life in the Democracy and the Aftermath of War by Graham Bader. Bader invokes the usual suspects among contemporary Marxist thinkers (György Lukács, Walter Benjamin, Siegfried Kracauer) to declare that the art of the period reflected a new level of capitalism (‘this process of capitalist rationalisation appeared to have triumphed in the interwar period’ it was ‘rationalisation run amok’, p.125). Capitalism depersonalised people, reducing them to objects with no centre, to collections of surfaces. Bodies were ‘colonised and deformed’. Lukács lamented:
capitalist rationalisation’s penetration and capture of the human body, its dismissal of the ‘qualitative essences’ of the individual subject in the process of transforming human beings into abstractions, mere numbers for a general’s war plans or a pimp’s balance sheet. (p.131, 182, 228)
Like Lukács, Kracauer:
understood industrial capitalism’s ‘murky reason’ – its faith in a totalising abstractness that has ‘abandoned the truth in which it participates… and does not encompass man‘ – as having come to colonise rather than liberate the subjects it ostensibly served.
Among all this regurgitation of 100-year-old communist rhetoric Bader makes a simple point. The war and the crushing post-war poverty left highly visible marks on people’s bodies. The streets were full of maimed soldiers and the impoverished unemployed, and also a flood of women driven by poverty to prostitution. Hence the huge number of sketches, drawings and paintings of prostitutes and war cripples among Neue Sachlichkeit artists.
Two victims of capitalism by Otto Dix (1923) According to Bader, ‘the paradigmatic couple of the age’ (p.130)
It doesn’t occur to Bader, any more than it occurred to any of the Weimar artists, that this situation wasn’t brought about by capitalism; it was the result of Germany losing the war. Their idiotic military leaders decided to take advantage of the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand to implement their long-cherished plan to knock out France in a few weeks and then grab loads of lebensraum off Russia. That resulted in a social and economic cataclysm. If lots of men were war cripples it was because they fought in a stupid war. If lots of women became prostitutes that is because Germany’s economy was brought to its knees by its leaders’ stupidity, by the fact that they were undergoing a military blockade because they lost the war.
If capitalism was always and everywhere so utterly exploitative and destructive how do you account for the experience of the 1920s in the world’s most capitalist country, America – the decade they called ‘the Roaring Twenties’, a decade of unparalleled economic growth and a huge expansion in consumer products and liberated lifestyles?
In fact the Weimar Republic experienced its golden years (1924 to 1929) precisely when it was at its most capitalistic, when it received huge loans from capitalist America and its capitalist factory owners were able to employ millions of people.
Art historians cherry pick the evidence (using a handful of paintings to represent a nation of 60 million people), quote only from a self-reinforcing clique of Marxist writers (Benjamin, Kracauer, Lukács, over and over again) and ignore the wider historical context in way which would get any decent historian sacked.
2. The City and the Nature of Landscape by Daniela Fabricius. Fabricius quotes the Marxist philosopher Ernst Bloch who pointed out the fairly obvious idea that different groups of people live in different ‘nows’ i.e. city dwellers live in a more technologically and culturally advanced ‘now’ than isolated country dwellers. This leads her into a consideration of different types of ‘space’, inparticular the new suburbs which sprang up outside German cities, generally of modernist architecture, which lent themselves to stylish modern photography by the likes of Arthur Köster, Werner Mantz and Albert Renger-Patzsch.
St Georgs-Garten Housing Settlement, 1926 by Arthur Köster
Albert Renger-Patzsch published a photo album called the World is Beautiful which the egregious Walter Benjamin disliked for showing the world as beautiful and therefore not ‘problematising’ it, not subjecting it to the kind of dialectical analysis which would have shown that in fact the World Needs a Communist Revolution. Renger-Patzsch stayed in Germany during the Nazi years and was commissioned to do idealised studies of the German regions by the Nazis.
Fabricius ends her essay with a rare piece of useful information about a specific artist rather than an analysis of other art historians – by telling us a little about George Schrimpf, a self-taught painter who spent his early years bumming round south Germany, eventually getting involved with artistic and anarchist circles in Munich. All this is completely absent from his naive paintings of women in interiors with views of perfect landscapes or outside among the perfect landscapes.
On the Balcony by Georg Schrimpf (1929)
3. Man and Machine by Pepper Stetler. Stetler explores the way the word Sachlichkeit was used as early as 1902 (by architect Hermann Muthesius) to describe a no-frills, functionalist aesthetic derived from the way machines are designed, built and work. The architecture critic Adolf Behne in the 1920s tried to shift the term to refer not to a visual style but to a way of working with machines, a way for humans to interact via machines. These were just some of the people debating this word when Hartlaub used it as the title for his famous 1925 exhibition. As well as Muthesius, Hartlaub and Behne, we are also introduced to the art historian Carl Georg Heise, the art critic Wilhelm Lot, the art critic Kurt Wilhelm-Kästner, the art critic Justus Bier, the critic Walter Benjamin and the Marxist philosopher, György Lukács. Again. Maybe the editors stipulated that Benjamin, Kracauer and Lukacs had to be referenced in every essay.
Stetler doesn’t mention it but the Dadaists had already conceived all kinds of man-machine combinations, and Dix and Grosz produced some grotesque caricatures of maimed war veterans who were more false limbs, artificial eyes, springs and contraptions, than men.
But the main thrust of this piece is to introduce a selection of wonderful paintings and photos of machinery. They demonstrate the way the machinery is 1. painted in punctiliously accurate engineering detail. 2. Is often depicted isolated, clean, often seen from below, as if it is an art work placed on a plinth for aesthetic enjoyment. 3. No people, no workers, no mess. Frozen in time. The star of the machine artists is Carl Grossberg, who trained as an architect and draftsman.
The paper machine by Carl Grossberg (1934)
It is interesting to learn how systematic and methodical these German artists were: Albert Renger-Patzsch’s project was to take 100 photographs of the modern germany for The World Is Beautiful. August Sandler’s Face of our Time (1929) contains a selection of 60 portraits from the larger project, People of the 20th Century which he intended to include 600 portrait photographs. Grossberg set out to do a series of twenty-five monster paintings which would provide a survey of Germany’s most important industries (p.209). Grosz published his drawings in themed portfolios.
4. Still Lifes and Commodities by Megan R. Luke. Luke scores full marks for mentioning Walter Benjamin early on in her essay about the New Objectivity’s use of still lives, and for slipping in a steady stream of Marxist terminology: in Weimar ‘the commodity reigned supreme’; there was a ‘general cultural anxiety’. She quotes the historian Herbert Molderings who, if not a Marxist, is happy to use Marxist terminology, on the still life photos of Neue Sachlichkeit:
‘They are the modern still lifes of the twentieth century: the expression of exchange value incarnate, the detached form of the fetish character of commodities.’ (quoted p.231)
She also takes the time to explain that photographs in adverts are designed to make us want to buy the products.
Advertising seeks not to show products of our labour or need but rather to excite and choreograph a desire that has the power to overwhelm us. (p.231)
Where would we be without art scholars to guide us through the confusing modern world?
This is the third essay in a row to tell us that the photographer Albert Renger-Patzsch’s produced a photo album titled The World is Beautiful (p.236).
The only useful idea I found was that objects were somehow cleansed of all significance, hollowed out, and subjected to ‘suffocating scrutiny’. Now wonder the Walter Benjamins of this world were so deeply ambivalent about photography: it revealed the complexity of the world in a way the human eye isn’t designed to (something pointed out by Moholy-Nagy in his book on photography) and yet this new type of image runs the risk of claiming to capture or depict reality and thus – as Benjamin and Brecht emphasised – completely erasing the web of human relationships it appears amid.
If Expressionist paintings screamingly overflowed with the artist’s distraught emotions, Sachlichkeit still lives seem to have been magically drained of all passion or emotion. It is this erasure of human presence, of human touch and context, which makes so much of the photography and painting of buildings and machinery both powerfully evocative, charged with mystery and yet bereft: all at the same time.
Insulated High Tension Wires from Die Welt Ist Schon by Albert Renger-Patzsch (1928)
5. New Identities: Type and Portraiture by Lynette Roth. Amid the politically correct commonplaces (Dix’s portrait of Sylvia von Harden ’embodies the masculinised woman whose appearance challenged norms of sexual difference’), Roth brings out how a notable aspect of Neue Sachlichkeit was the interest in types. August Sander’s project to photograph 600 ‘types’ of profession and trade is the locus classicus, but the painters Grosz or Dix also offered combinations of the same ‘types’ over and again (war cripples and prostitutes throng their works).
She suggests the use of types and sterotypes was a way of addressing, sorting out, the post-war chaos. Thin ice, because the Nazis also were keen on types, notably the good Aryan and the bad Jew. And Roth definitely doesn’t mention this, but one of the easiest stereotypes in the world is the bad capitalist and the poor innocent proletarian ‘alienated’ from his work.
I am astonished how from start to finish all the art historians and scholars in this book make extensive and unquestioning use of Marxist terminology based on a fundamentally anti-capitalist worldview. On the last page she is quoting a fellow ‘scholar’ who suggests that some of Sanders’s photographs ‘challenge hegemonic bourgeois structures’.
Quite breath-taking.
Painterly finish
In 1921 Max Doerner published a popular handbook The Materials of the Artist and Their Use in Painting which provided information and guidance for artists wishing to use the techniques of the Old Masters, info about oil, tempera, fresco and other methods of artists like Jan van Eyck, Holbein, Rembrandt and Rubens.
Doerner’s book helped artists who were committed to painting works with hyper-realistic attention to detail and smooth invisible finish (compared to the deliberately obvious brush strokes of the impassioned Expressionists). The emphasis on portraiture of so many works of this era recall the portraits of Northern Renaissance painting.
It can be summed up in one word – painterliness – what Roth lists as ‘careful finish, attention to detail and smooth finish’ (p.263).
The current Van Eyck show at the National Gallery is focused round his wondrous use of a concave mirror, showing how this motif was picked up by later painters. I wonder if Herbert Ploberger is deliberately referencing it in the convex reflection in the powder case, middle left, in this painting.
Dressing Table by Herbert Ploberger (1926)
Kanoldt and O’Keeffe
Doesn’t Alexander Kanoldt’s Olveano II from 1925…
… look like Georgia O’Keeffe’s Black Mesa Landscape (1930)?
The spirit of the age. A parallel tendency towards cartoon simplification, of both landscape and colour.
While both an aesthetics of the ugly and modernist innovation dovetail with nineteenth-century Realism, interestingly enough it is the specific German mentality and political context that is seen as necessitating a new form of realism characterised by unconditional attack, excessive exposure, and radical critique transgressing the paradigm of empathy. (Sabine Eckmann, p.35)
The New Objectivity: Modern German Art in the Weimar Republic 1918-33 on Amazon
The Expressionists by Wolf-Dieter Dube (1972)
Posted in Art, Books, European History, Exhibition, Feminism, Great War, History, Photography, Uncategorized
Tagged 1925, Albert Renger-Patzsch, Alexander Kanoldt, Andreas Huyssen, Andrew Hemingway, Anton Räderscheidt, Arthur Köster, Carl Georg Heise, Carl Grossberg, Christian Fuhrmeister, Christian Schad, classicism, Dada, Daniela Fabricius, Die Welt Ist Schon, drawing, Ernst Bloch, Ernst Jünger, exchange value, Expressionism, Face of our Time, Franz Roh, George Schrimpf, Georgia O'Keeffe, Georgs-Garten Housing Settlement, Graham Bader, Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub, György Lukács, Heinrich Maria Davringhausen, Herbert Molderings, Herbert Ploberger, Hermann Muthesius, Hitler, James A. van Dyke, John Willetts, Justus Bier, Keith Holz, Kurt Wilhelm-Kästner, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Lynette Roth, Magic Realism, Maria Makela, Marxism, Marxist, Matthew S. Wittkovsky, Max Doerner, Megan R. Luke, Nazis, Neue Sachlichkeit, New Naturalism, New Objectivity, Olaf Peters, Otto Dix, painting, Paul Citroen, Paul Schmidt, Paul Westheim, People of the 20th Century, Pepper Stetler, photography, Post-Expressionism, Robert Musil, Siegfried Kracauer, Socialist Realism, Stephanie Barron, Sylvia von Harden, The World is Beautiful, Theodor Adorno, verism, Walter Benjamin, Weimar Art, Werner Mantz and Albert Renger-Patzsch, Wilhelm Lot
https://astrofella.wordpress.com/2018/02/02/new-objectivity-weimar-republic-stephanie-barron-sabine-eckmann/
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Baseball Downs Union to Win Eighth Straight
Union (N.Y.) (25-7) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 6 2
Middlebury (14-13) 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 X 6 8 2
Colin Waters picked up the win in game one, allowing one run and four hits over six innings with five strikeouts.
2B: Brooks Carroll; Raj Palekar
Middlebury received a strong start from Colin Waters, as the Panthers picked up a 6-3 win over Union (25-7) on Forbes Field Tuesday afternoon. Middlebury (14-13) returns to action at 3:30 p.m. on Wednesday at Plattsburgh State, while Union will host Trinity at 6:30 p.m. on the same day.
Sebastian Sanchez put the hosts up 1-0, scoring on an RBI ground out by Justin Han in the fifth inning. A double to left by Raj Palekar previously moved Sanchez to third base.
Middlebury sent eight batters to the plate in the seventh inning, scoring five runs on three hits. Palekar was hit by a pitch before Han and Henry Strmecki walked to load the bases. Hayden Smith earned an RBI when he was hit by a pitch with the bases loaded, making it a 2-0 game. Alan Guild followed, belting a grand-slam home run over the right-field fence for a 6-0 advantage.
The Dutchmen rallied in the ninth with three runs on three hits. Sean Cullen drove in a run with an RBI single to left center, Chris Symington walked with the bases loaded, while Will Bellamy plated a run on a fielder's choice.
Waters (1-3) gave up just three hits in seven innings of work, striking out six, while Andrew Martinson threw a scoreless eighth. Guild finished the game 2-4 with a homer and four RBI, while Brooks Carroll was 2-4 with a double.
Charlie Hoover threw four innings of three-hit baseball for Union, while Adam Hall (1-1) suffered the loss in relief, giving up one unearned run in 1.1 innings of work. Cullen finished the game 3-4.
The win was the eighth straight for the Panthers, as Han swiped his NESCAC-best 19th stolen base.
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Thousands of Croatians march against abortion
Agence-France Presse 19 May 2018
Thousands of anti-abortion demonstrators took part in allies in Croatia's three biggest cities on Saturday
Thousands of anti-abortion demonstrators took to the streets in Croatia's three biggest cities on Saturday in rallies that largely passed without incident, even as the issue continues to divide the staunchly Catholic EU member state.
Police estimated that around 10,000 people took part in a "March for Life" in Zagreb, carrying banners that read "I'm not a choice, but a child", while thousands more demonstrated in both Split and Rijeka on the Adriatic coast.
In Split, archbishop Marin Barisic held a mass during which he called on the marchers to "defend life from conception".
But in Rijeka, a counter-demonstration, "March for Freedom", attracted crowds of several thousand people, according to local media estimates, who denounced a rise in conservatism
Police detained more than 20 women's rights activists who tried to block the anti-abortion demo.
Activists have repeatedly warned that the right to abortion is being threatened by mounting pressure from Church-backed conservative groups.
Abortion is legal in Croatia until the 10th week of pregnancy, under a law dating back to 1978, when the country was still part of the communist Yugoslavia.
But activists warn that a large numbers of public hospital doctors invoke a conscientious objection clause in Croatian law to refuse to perform the procedure.
In a landmark ruling last year, the country's top court rejected calls to ban abortion.
But the it also ordered parliament to adopt a new law on abortion regulations by early 2019, ruling that the current legislation was outdated.
Rights groups fear that that could pave the way for more restrictive laws, that would make abortion difficult to access.
Nearly 90 percent of Croatia's 4.2 million people are Catholics and the Church plays an important role in society.
Croatia became the EU's newest member in 2013.
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Guatemala: One Step Forward, Two Steps Backward?
Efraín Ríos Montt testifying at his genocide trial | Photo by the Guatemalan government | public domain
The decision of Guatemala’s highest court to overturn the guilty verdict in the trial of former dictator Efraín Ríos Montt – found guilty of genocide and crimes against humanity – has raised serious questions about whether, as many had hoped, the country’s elites will ever allow justice, national reconciliation, and democracy to move forward. What was a clear victory for many in and outside of Guatemala has evolved into a massive setback, at least for now. For the victims and survivors of the atrocities, the trial was the first time that their tragic stories got an open and respectful hearing. For the noble prosecutors and judges who pursued the case despite personal risk and beat back repeated maneuvers by Ríos Montt’s defense team to derail proceedings, it was a solid validation of their commitment to build rule of law. For Guatemalan society, it meant unprecedented public discussion of the past – and the symbolism of the condemned dictator being taken away by bailiffs promoted closure. For the international community, it proved that persistence could help a country with chronically weak and politicized institutions become the first in the world to put a former head of state on trial for genocide. But now the outcome is cloudy.
From the beginning, the long-term impact of the trial would depend on the followup. Immediately after the verdict was issued, President Pérez Molina, a former military commander, set aside his vehement denials that genocide occurred and said he respected the court’s verdict. But he conditioned issuance of an official government apology, as ordered by the court, on the exhaustion of all defense appeals – which could take years – and was noncommittal in responding to the court’s call for more investigations of people involved in the atrocities. While he personally has immunity from prosecution, allegations of his own activities during the Ríos Montt period would obviously be problematic for him. The powerful business organization CACIF, long aligned with the military, rejected the verdict and began mobilizing resistance to further investigations. Even moderate politicians, such as former Vice President Eduardo Stein, criticized the genocide ruling and calls for more investigations, apparently fearing that more ethnic groups will stake claims. Like other dictators facing justice, Ríos Montt has already suffered a supposed health problem requiring that he be moved out of prison and into a military hospital – leaving observers wondering how much of his 80-year sentence he would serve.
The U.S. Government supported the trial process and proclaimed it a victory for Guatemalan judicial institutions. But it appeared cautious on next steps even before the upper court overturned the verdict (on which U.S. comment is lacking). Ambassador at Large for War Crimes Issues Stephen J. Rapp who visited Guatemala last month and gave the trial a push, and U.S. Ambassador to Guatemala, Arnold Chacon, attended some proceedings. The U.S. Embassy pledged its continued support to “credible, independent, transparent, and impartial judicial processes,” but its statement also suggested a lack of enthusiasm for more. “In these moments it is significant to remember that Guatemala, as a country, was not on trial, but rather two individuals, one of whom was absolved and the other convicted,” it said. It added that “now is the opportunity to advance to real reconciliation” – a prospect that appeared premature even before the upper court action. Neither the prosecution nor defense spoke much during the trial of Washington’s direct or indirect role in the 1980s violence – a situation that U.S. policymakers may prefer to continue. If so, it’s a far cry from the position taken by President Bill Clinton, who during a visit to Guatemala in 1999 apologized for American support for security forces that committed “violent and widespread repression.
by clalsstaff on May 23, 2013 • Permalink
Posted in Guatemala, Uncategorized
Tagged CACIF, Chacon, Clinton, Genocide Trial, Guatemala, Indigenous Rights, Pérez Molina, Rapp, Rios Montt, Rule of Law, Stein (Eduardo)
Posted by clalsstaff on May 23, 2013
https://aulablog.net/2013/05/23/guatemala-one-step-forward-two-steps-backward/
Narcoliteratura: Another Way to Look at the Problem
OAS Drug Report: Let’s Get Serious
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All posts tagged Education
Mexico’s Teachers Between a Rock and a Hard Place
By Christian Bracho*
Members of Mexico’s Coordinadora Nacional de Trabajadores de Educación (CNTE) at a mass mobilization in 2013. / Eneas De Troya / Flickr / Creative Commons
Teachers in Oaxaca and other Mexican states are increasingly fearful and resentful of both their union and the ruling Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI). Since the 1970s, Mexico’s Coordinadora Nacional de Trabajadores de Educación (CNTE) has operated as a formalized dissident caucus within the Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de Educación (SNTE), the national union that has been an essential part of state machinery since the 1940s and strongly aligned with the PRI. CNTE rallied for many causes, such as union democratization, regional autonomy, and economic justice, and enjoyed the most popular support in the 1980s. As they accumulated power in the 1990s in states like Oaxaca, CNTE leaders turned to neo-corporatist strategies to incentivize teachers’ participation in union mobilizations. An extensive point system, for example, rewarded teachers for going to marches, camping out during strike periods, and attending rallies in Mexico City; teachers who failed to participate in a minimum amount of activities lost union privileges and benefits. By 2005, Oaxaca’s union had split over its focus on politics rather than pedagogy. Over the last ten years, dissident teachers have increasingly faced government pressure and violence.
In 2006, military police broke up a rebellion led by striking teachers in Oaxaca state, in which dozens of activists were killed. In 2013, the massive teacher strike against President Peña Nieto’s constitutional reforms – which would require states to implement national education policies – ended with the violent eviction of teachers from Mexico City’s zócalo. In 2014, 43 student teachers in Guerrero state were massacred, and last year over a dozen protesters were killed in Nochixtlán, outside of Oaxaca’s capital city.
Although these incidents provide teachers’ unions considerable cause for continued mobilization, my research indicates that teachers in states like Oaxaca are less convinced that their ongoing struggles represent authentic political resistance. Many say they are fulfilling syndical obligations – less a reflection of personal convictions – because attendance is recorded and assures payment. Teachers tell me that they trust neither the government nor the union; they see government as an entrenched century-old political machine that has resurged with more impunity than ever, and the union – both nationally and regionally –as driven by special interests and cronyism. Maestros feel they have little recourse but to fend for themselves and families. They fear the violence that the government may visit upon them, but they also fear the public shaming they face if they criticize the union’s political tactics or support government reforms.
Education reform in Mexico is vital to improve the overall quality of teaching and learning – and to address the social and economic inequalities across the country. Government action is essential to such efforts, but endemic corruption has stained the public’s image of national and state leaders, cultivating distrust of top-down policies. The union is also essential to protecting teachers’ interests and challenging the hegemony of the national government, but its neo-corporatist strategies such as the point system delegitimize the activist banner waved by leaders in states like Oaxaca. Especially with increasing symbolic and physical violence, teachers are in an impossible position, stuck between two forces they don’t trust and facing dire consequences if they challenge the authority of either the government or union. Though dissident teachers are important to putting a check on government impunity and corruption, the union’s sustained mobilizations have negatively impacted their profession and student achievement. While “the teacher fighting is also teaching” – a common refrain in Mexico – teachers must also be free to step away from the march and into the classroom.
* Christian Bracho teaches in the International Training and Education Program at American University’s School of Education.
by clalsstaff on March 16, 2017 • Permalink
Posted in Mexico, Uncategorized
Tagged CNTE, Corruption, Education, Education Reform, Impunity, Mexico, Mexico Reforms, Peña Nieto, PRI, SNTE, Teacher's Strikes, Teachers' Unions, Union
Posted by clalsstaff on March 16, 2017
https://aulablog.net/2017/03/16/mexicos-teachers-between-a-rock-and-a-hard-place/
Does Trade Incentivize Educational Achievement?
By Raymundo Miguel Campos Vázquez, Luis-Felipe López-Calva, and Nora Lustig*
A student walks around Preparatoria Vasconcelos Tecate. / Gabriel Flores Romero / Flickr / Creative Commons
Mexico’s experience with free trade has challenged one of the tenets of faith economists know well from reading early in their careers David Ricardo’s Principles of Political Economy and Taxation: that “the pursuit of individual advantage is admirably connected with the universal good of the whole” and that “[trade] distributes labor most effectively and most economically.” Under this principle, “wine shall be made in France and Portugal; corn shall be grown in America and Poland; and hardware and other goods shall be manufactured in England.” Mexico reminds us that while these benefits exist in the abstract, there are trade-offs to be faced—that there are, potentially, social and individual costs induced by trade liberalization.
In a recently published paper entitled “Endogenous Skill Acquisition and Export Manufacturing in Mexico,” MIT economics professor David Atkin shows the ways in which individual people experience trade and how it affects their decision-making – sometimes in ways that may not necessarily be socially desirable. It analyzes a time period (1986-2000) during which Mexico underwent major economic transformations, including a rapid process of trade liberalization after 1989 and the introduction of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. Analyzing data for more than 2,300 municipalities in the country, the paper tells us that young Mexicans at the time faced a very basic decision: to stay in school and continue studying or to drop out and look for a job (among the many being created in the export-oriented manufacturing sector), most of which did not require more than a high school education. Atkin found that, on average, for every 25 new jobs created in the manufacturing sector, one student would drop out after 9th grade. (The World Development Report 2008 on Agriculture for Development had raised the question about “missing” individuals in this age group, but in relation to migration.)
While trade brought positive effects including a higher demand for low skilled workers and an eventual increase in their wages – consistent with David Ricardo’s basic notion – Atkin concluded that in Mexico it had the socially undesirable effect of preventing, or slowing down, the accumulation of human capital. The reduction in human capital investment is a trade-off which can have negative effects on the economy as a whole.
Factors other than free trade might explain this effect. First, young students may drop out if the returns to schooling are not high enough to compensate for the additional investment. Second, a lack of access to credit and insurance for relatively poorer households might make it impossible for aspiring students to finance their investment and obtain higher returns by continuing to tertiary education or to cope with shocks and avoid abandoning school. Finally, the result could be driven by a lack of availability of information about actual returns to investment in education, which could lead to myopic decision-making.
The movement of capital toward locations with lower labor costs is an expected, and intended, result of an agreement such as NAFTA, pursuing higher export competitiveness at the regional level. David Ricardo would have said that TVs and automobiles shall be made in Mexico, while software shall be made in Silicon Valley. What completes the story, however, is that because of distortions like the ones mentioned above – low educational quality, under-developed credit markets, or weak information that skews decision-making – free trade might lead to socially undesirable consequences. And it did in the case of Mexico, as Atkin convincingly shows in his paper. It seems that when Ricardo gets to the tropics, the world gets more complex.
* Raymundo Miguel Campos Vázquez teaches at the Centro de Estudios Económicos at el Colegio de México, and is currently conducting research at the University of California, Berkeley. Luis-Felipe López-Calva is Lead Economist and Co-Director of the World Development Report 2017 on Governance and the Law. Nora Lustig is Professor of Latin American Economics at Tulane University.
by clalsstaff on November 7, 2016 • Permalink
Posted in Mexico, Trade, Uncategorized
Tagged Business, Economic Development, Economy, Education, Free Trade, Inequality, Manufacturing, Mexico, NAFTA, Technology, Trade
Posted by clalsstaff on November 7, 2016
https://aulablog.net/2016/11/07/does-trade-incentivize-educational-achievement/
Can Latin America Escape the Middle-Income Trap?
By Rick Doner and Ben Ross Schneider*
Photo Credit: Inter-American Development Bank / CLALS / Edited
Most literature on the “middle-income trap,” widely understood as a core obstacle to sustained development in Latin America, focuses solely on economic dynamics and understates the importance and challenges of political coalition-building. That literature, largely generated by economists in academe and international financial institutions, argues convincingly that in Latin America, as well as Southeast Asia, once countries achieve some degree of success in economic development, they get stuck. They are unable to compete with low-cost producers in traditional sectors – initial development success brings higher wages and other costs – while they also have failed to gain the capacity to compete with developed economies in frontier industries, where technological capabilities and productivity levels are far higher. These analysts stress that Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico – or for that matter Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand – need to build on their achievements over the past half century in order to make the leap into the ranks of the world’s most prosperous nations. They highlight the trap’s proximate origins in productivity slowdowns and recommend policy solutions that focus on improving human capital through investment in education and vocational training. But identifying problems and potential solutions does not explain why leaders fail to adopt the solutions. In other words, it’s not clear from existing writings why the trap is actually a trap.
The literature does not acknowledge that fundamental political obstacles, especially lack of effective demand and pressure for these solutions, are at the heart of the problem. As is evident from the history of failed programs to improve education and R&D, political will to invest in such public goods is in short supply. Politicians are rarely willing to forgo the short-term political benefits of satisfying entrenched interest groups for the long-term developmental benefits of creating institutions capable of helping the broader citizenry to upgrade its capacity for technology absorption. A core reason for this lack of political will is the weakness of the societal constituencies that might demand the necessary policies and effective institutions. Our research indicates that relations among key societal actors in middle-income countries are less amenable to building the consensus that economists advocate. In a recent article, we argue that the same conditions that facilitated or accompanied movement to middle-income status – such as foreign investment, low-skilled and low-paid work, inequality, and informality – have generated political cleavages that impede upgrading policies and the construction of institutions necessary to implement them. This fragmentation is why the trap is a trap. Three lines of fragmentation are key:
Big business is divided between foreign and domestic firms. The former can undertake productivity-improving measures in-house and/or at their home headquarters, whereas local firms tend to focus in non-tradeable services and commodities whose demand for better training and R&D is lower than in manufacturing.
Labor is fractured between formal and large, growing informal sectors. Enjoying longer job tenure and on-the-job training for specific skills, formal workers have little interest in broader skills development. Informal workers, on the other hand, constantly shift jobs and would prefer investments in vocational institutions offering general training.
These societies remain overall less equal and, as is now well known, inequality undermines the will and capacity to provide broad public goods such as quality universal education and support for technology development.
Pro-growth coalitions of various types have been key to productivity improvements in now-high income East Asian countries, such as Korea and Taiwan. The fact that these countries had stronger (and more autocratic) governments does not preclude developing or building on such coalitions in countries with messier political systems and weaker bureaucracies. First, leaders can build on sectoral pockets of high productivity, such as aquaculture in Chile, wine in Argentina (and rubber in Malaysia). Second, international and regional institutions can help supplement demands for skills by supporting programs that focus on technical and vocational institutions that actually meet and are linked to employers’ needs. Third, organizations such as the ILO can promote business associations that represent the local firms for whom collective technical training and R&D are especially important.
* Rick Doner and Ben Ross Schneider teach political science at Emory University and MIT, respectively.
by clalsstaff on August 22, 2016 • Permalink
Posted in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, South America
Tagged Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Economic Development, Economy, Education, Mexico, Middle-income Trap, Technology
Posted by clalsstaff on August 22, 2016
https://aulablog.net/2016/08/22/can-latin-america-escape-the-middle-income-trap/
Can Latin America Achieve Fiscally Sustainable and Egalitarian Social Citizenship?
By Fernando Filgueira*
Photo Credit: Jan Tik / Flickr / Creative Commons
Latin America is undergoing a profound transformation of its social policies and of the very concept of social citizenship, but the outcome of this process is far from certain. Electoral democracy, urbanization, increased educational attainment, and increased exposure to new and broader consumption patterns have destroyed the political foundations for conservative modernization. The turn of the century has witnessed advances in social outcomes and public policies that for the first time provide a true window of opportunity for achieving more productive and egalitarian societies.
Decreasing poverty, lower income inequality, improved and expanded employment, and access to transfers and services to popular sectors were made possible by five critical factors: booming prices for Latin American commodities fueled economic growth and employment; stable prices – a positive legacy of the Washington Consensus era – meant that wages and transfers were not undermined by inflation; increased state fiscal capacity and commitment to social policy enabled a doubling in 15 years of real social per-capita expenditure; a demographic dividend, when combined (the young and the elderly) dependency ratios are lowest as a percentage of the population; and improved education access, completion, and credentials, which facilitated enhanced opportunity and increased productivity.
Yet these five advantages will lose steam in the next couple of decades. Growth will wither as the commodity boom ends and expansionary monetary policy is limited. Most Latin American economies are facing increased inflationary pressures. Existing tax structures and in some cases productivity levels will not permit social expenditure to increase at the rate of the last 15 years. The easy phase of the demographic transition (when dependency rates are going down) is or will be over in most countries towards 2025. Some countries in the region will face the European dilemma of an aging population, but they will do so with a lower GDP per-capita, weaker fiscal capacities of states, and a significantly more unequal income distribution. While the soft targets of expanded education – primary school and expansion of lower middle school – have been achieved, the tough ones remain: extended coverage in early childhood, completion of high school, quality improvement, and true reduction of inequality of outcome in learning.
Five fault lines in Latin American social regimes make these problems a major threat to the sustainability of both social and economic development. A) Women’s incorporation into the labor market remains low (50 percent) and is highly stratified. B) The absence of a robust state-led care system for early childhood and the persistence of a patriarchal distribution of care burdens undermines a route to development that is both more efficient and egalitarian. C) Stark contrasts between insiders and outsiders in informal and formal labor markets and access to social protection and cash transfer systems contribute to an expansionary monetary and fiscal policy that mainly benefits insiders unwilling to be taxed for redistributional public and collective goods and insurance. D) The region’s middle class and new emergent class, moreover, are not willing to increase taxation, since they do not perceive the quality of public goods and collective social services as adequate. And E) the pattern of fertility shows some of the worst patterns in social terms, including that most biological reproduction is left to the poor: Latin American governments do not equalize opportunity early on and through the educational system – which in the most unequal region of the world with diminishing but non-convergent fertility rates – leads to a productivity failure since underinvesting in the poor is underinvesting in the frontier of productivity enhancement.
These challenges will condition the possibility of a new social citizenship and a social investment model based on robust public goods, expansion of merit goods, and universality of entitlements. It is not enough that elites are no longer able to control the political and economic game through status enclosure and authoritarianism. In order to craft truly universal social policies conducive to providing inclusion for all, societies must confront narrow corporatism and restricted targeting – and the political economy they sustain. Contributory models based on formal wages and targeted social policies based on need will not disappear, but they have to take a back seat to a model of basic universalism where access to quality public and collective goods is truly universal, and entitlements in transfers and services are not dependent on need or labor formality. There have been important advances, such as a marked increase in non-contributory systems of cash transfers in terms of pensions and child-family transfers, but the commodity boom and the rise of the emergent and middle classes that drove them are not permanent. A coalition that is willing to forgo private spending power in order to enhance quality of life through collective services is needed. Such a coalition is made conceivable by these political, economic, and social epochal changes, but it is by no means guaranteed. If reforms do not make it a reality, the promise will be shattered, and the pendulum between failed populism, with state-led “Robin Hood” incorporation attempts, and a technocratic closure of democracy and state bashing, will remain the central and tragic dynamic of the region.**
*Fernando Filgueira is a Senior Resarcher at the Centro de Información y Estudios del Uruguay (CIESU) and Collaborating Researcher the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. He is a member of the International Panel for Social Progress led by Amartya Sen.
**Read the full version of this essay, which is based on research done for the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and for EUROsociAL on social policy, labor dynamics, and demographic change.
by clalsstaff on July 18, 2016 • Permalink
Posted in Trade, Uncategorized
Tagged Commodity Boom, Democracy, Economy, Education, Elites, Fiscal Policy, Income Inequality, Inflation, Informal Sector, Middle Class, Modernization, Poverty, Social Inclusion, Women's Rights
Posted by clalsstaff on July 18, 2016
https://aulablog.net/2016/07/18/can-latin-america-achieve-fiscally-sustainable-and-egalitarian-social-citizenship/
Brazil: Sacrificing Anti-Poverty Success?
By Hayley Jones*
Photo Credit: Senado Federal / Flickr / Creative Commons
Brazil’s flagship antipoverty program, the Bolsa Família, faces an uncertain future as the government of Interim President Michel Temer confronts adverse economic and political circumstances. The program, which provides direct cash benefits to poor households on the condition that children fulfill education and health-related targets, was an important factor in Brazil’s progress on poverty and inequality since the early 2000s – between 2001 and 2013 the poverty headcount ratio declined from 24.7 percent to 8.9 percent, and the Gini coefficient declined from 59.3 to 52.9. The Bolsa Família (formerly called Bolsa Escola) was a pioneer in the use of cash transfers in social policy in the 1990s. The idea is enticingly simple: the cash allows families to meet immediate needs, while the education and health conditions ensure poor children are better equipped to lift themselves out of poverty in the long run. Under Presidents Lula and Dilma, the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) put the policy at the heart of its platform, and reaped advantages at the polls with the expansion of coverage and benefits. The program now reaches about one-quarter of the population.
The social gains made in part thanks to the Bolsa Família may now be at risk. Brazil has been hit hard by the collapse of commodity and oil prices over the last two years and is currently experiencing what is predicted to be the country’s worst recession since the 1930s. GDP fell by roughly 4 percent in 2015 and is expected to do the same in 2016. The deep political crisis gripping the country since earlier this year further threatens the program. Temer, his party (PMDB), and Finance Minister Henrique Meirelles have stressed the need to cut spending to reduce the deficit. While many areas of social spending, such as pensions and education, are protected in the budget under the 1988 Constitution, the Bolsa Família is not. With the large political constituency benefitting from the program, there is likely little appetite in the interim government to ax the program altogether. In fact, at the end of June Temer announced a 12.5 percent increase to the Bolsa Família – more than the 9 percent promised by Dilma – to compensate for inflation. But he also emphasized that benefits should be temporary and that there is a need to focus on exit doors from the program. Social Development Minister, Osmar Terra, has suggested that the program could be made more efficient and costs cut by 10 percent.
Temer may not be entirely wrong to highlight the need for exit strategies, but they should be exit strategies from poverty rather than from the Bolsa Família itself. There is so far little evidence that it has done much to change the life trajectories of poor young people that would allow them to move out of poverty. The emphasis on increased school enrollment and attendance as transformative obscures much deeper problems, including poor school progression and completion rates in low-quality schools, a lack of educational infrastructure and resources, poorly trained teachers, and outdated curricula, among others. If Temer is serious about moving beneficiaries out of poverty and the program, priority will have to be given to correcting regressive spending in public education (which prioritizes higher over basic education); better aligning curricula with labor market demand; and addressing the poor job opportunities for low- and semi-skilled workers. Economic realities and the rhetoric on efficiency and exit strategies do not bode well for such changes. Under Temer, the Bolsa Família seems likely be limited to a policy tool for risk insurance and meeting basic needs rather than a platform for extending the social gains of the last decade.
*Hayley Jones is a DPhil (PhD) Candidate in the Department of International Development at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Her thesis examines long-term poverty reduction in the Bolsa Família program.
Posted in Brazil, Uncategorized
Tagged Bolsa Familia, Brazil, Dilma Rousseff, Economy, Education, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Meirelles (Henrique), Pensions, Petroleum, PMDB, Poverty, PT, Social Justice, Temer (Michel), Terra (Osmar)
https://aulablog.net/2016/07/12/brazil-sacrificing-anti-poverty-success/
How Sustainable are Latin America’s Advances on Poverty and Inequality?
By Eric Hershberg
“Projeto Contrastes.” Photo Credit: Gabriela Sakamoto / Flickr / Creative Commons
The significant decline in poverty rates and income inequality in Latin America over the past two decades – driven by a combination of sustained economic growth and intelligently designed social policies – may slow or even be reversed as economic conditions deteriorate across much of the region. Poverty had begun to drop in most countries even before the commodity boom accelerated growth rates in South America beginning around 2003. The “Washington Consensus” policies of the 1990s impacted wage income and employment negatively, but other factors diminished their impact on poverty. By overcoming profound macro-economic instability, which among other things produced hyperinflation that devastated disadvantaged sectors of the population, the economic adjustments of that period were not entirely regressive. Moreover, a concurrent shift toward targeted social programs – which redirected subsidies away from less vulnerable segments of the population in order to protect the poorest of the poor. By 2002, the number of people living on less than $1.90 a day had declined 4.6 per cent from where it had been at the beginning of the 1990s, according to the World Bank, while the number living on less than $3.10 stayed flat and actually rose (from 135.6 million to 138.1 million). Performance varied across countries. By 2012, after a strong decade of growth and a wave of progressive governments, the progress was much more impressive, with poverty dropping to 33.7 million ($1.90/day) and 72.2 million ($3.10/day).
Inequality declined also – a different challenge in the region that Kelly Hoffman and Miguel Centeno aptly labeled the “lopsided continent.” Measured by GINI coefficients, income inequality in Latin America, which exceeded that of any other world region at the beginning of the century, grew less pronounced under governments of various ideological proclivities. A substantial body of research shows that this was a product of two factors.
Investments in primary and secondary education, which accelerated during the neo-liberal years, meant lower wage premiums for those with more than basic skills: near universal attendance in secondary school reduced the significance of gaps between workers who had secondary education and those who had little schooling.
Innovative social policies – particularly conditional cash transfers – meant that the lower rungs of the income ladder received meaningful transfers from the state, enabling them to narrow the income gaps vis-à-vis less disadvantaged sectors. Less frequently acknowledged was the positive impact of reforms on minimum wage policies and the creation or expansion of non-contributory pensions, both of which were pushed aggressively by several governments associated with the “Left Turns.” Non-contributory pensions were especially important since the most vulnerable of Latin American aged populations, having spent their working years toiling in the informal sector, had previously lacked any sort of retirement pension. (Read further analysis of pension reform.)
The region’s slowdown in economic growth and the pressure on public finance brought about by the end of the commodity boom – and the infusion of cash into state coffers that it afforded – raise questions about the sustainability of these advances. The benefits of investments in education will endure for some time. Even if education budgets decline, the costs in terms of lower educational achievement would take years to become evident, and it is not at all certain that the funding will decline. However, the social programs are much more vulnerable, as are the ambitious efforts to increase minimum wages and labor protections more broadly. Should the economic contraction underway in some countries and on the horizon in others generate an increase in informality, the labor market achievements of recent years could be quickly eroded. This would impact inequality, and it might soon exacerbate poverty as well.
by clalsstaff on June 3, 2016 • Permalink
Posted in South America, Trade, Uncategorized
Tagged Commodity Boom, Economic Development, Economy, Education, Inequality, Inflation, Minimum Wage, Poverty, Retirement, South America
Posted by clalsstaff on June 3, 2016
https://aulablog.net/2016/06/03/how-sustainable-are-latin-americas-advances-on-poverty-and-inequality/
U.S.-Colombia: Launching “Peace Colombia”
By Eric Hershberg and Fulton Armstrong
Photo Credit: U.S. Department of State / Flickr / Public Domain
The United States, buoyed by good feelings about what President Obama called Colombia’s “remarkable transformation,” last week pledged $450 million a year in continued aid for the next five years, but it’s not clear yet whether “Peace Colombia” will be very different from Plan Colombia, to which the United States contributed some $10 billion. The new spending includes unspecified amounts to support the reintegration of FARC combatants who lay down their arms as part of a peace accord expected next month, but much of the emphasis appears to be on old priorities, such as “consolidating and expanding progress in security and counternarcotics.”
Obama and Colombian President Santos announced the new program in Washington events marking the 15th anniversary of the launch of Plan Colombia. Amid the many remarks about Colombia’s progress, indicators such as homicide rates (down 50 percent since 2002), kidnapping rates (down 90 percent), economic growth (averaging 4.3 percent), and poverty and unemployment (down slightly) stand out. By most accounts, moving around core regions of Colombia is easier and safer than it’s been in decades.
Some of these gains of the past 15 years remain tenuous, and “Peace Colombia” will face new challenges as well. In speeches and backgrounders, government officials have acknowledged that coca eradication and crop substitution programs have failed to reverse Colombia’s role as the world’s biggest producer of coca. Moreover, programs supporting the demobilization of the FARC will be more difficult to implement than those given to the rightwing paramilitaries in 2002-2006. Tens of thousands of former paramilitaries are now active in bandas criminales (BACRIMs), which President Santos recently referred to as “2,500 miniscule criminal organizations scattered throughout the country.” Changing economic circumstances could also complicate efforts to advance peace. During the years of Plan Colombia, the country got a healthy bump from both domestic and foreign investment – because of the improved security environment as well as the external economic environment, including the U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement and Chinese demand for commodities. Investment remains strong, but the export boom is over, which is lowering growth and squeezing government budgets.
The creation of economic opportunity is at least as important to the success of Peace Colombia as continued support for the Colombian military and security system, although last week’s speeches and press releases did not shed much light on that. Achieving peace and building democracy will also require addressing infrastructure deficits, educational inequality, inadequate job training, and poverty. Several Florida congressmen, arguing that “Peace Colombia” supports an accord that’s overly generous to the FARC, say they’ll oppose Obama’s pledged aid. The assistance will almost certainly advance, however, because of the strong Washington consensus that Colombia is its biggest (if not only) success worldwide in beating back irregular armed groups. Moreover, as President Santos and U.S. Secretary of State Kerry emphasized in a press conference, there are no conditions on the new assistance – which should assuage Congressional opponents’ concerns that the relationship will get held up by investigations into alleged human rights violations in the past. The Presidents spoke of pulling Colombia back from the “verge of collapse” in the 2000s to the “verge of peace” now. A broadening of strategies in both capitals, including a reassessment of the emphasis on military options, could push the country toward becoming a more inclusive democracy, which ultimately may be what is required in order to achieve lasting peace.
by clalsstaff on February 8, 2016 • Permalink
Posted in Colombia, Conflict, Uncategorized
Tagged BACRIM, Chinese Investment, Colombia, Counternarcotics, Democracy, Drug Trafficking, Economy, Education, FARC, Foreign Investment, Human Rights, Kerry, Peace Accord, Peace Colombia, Plan Colombia, Santos
Posted by clalsstaff on February 8, 2016
https://aulablog.net/2016/02/08/u-s-colombia-launching-peace-colombia/
Belize: The UDP Wins Again
By Victor Bulmer-Thomas*
Dean Barrow, now elected for his third term as Prime Minister of Belize. Photo Credit: The Commonwealth / Flickr / Creative Commons
Belize’s national elections on November 4 gave the ruling United Democratic Party (UDP) an unprecedented third term in office. The opposition People’s United Party (PUP) had expected to return to power, for the first time since 2008, in view of the country’s lackluster economic performance (except for a tourist boom), a wave of corruption scandals, and falling prices for Belize’s leading commodity exports. A new third party, the Belize Progressive Party, also participated, representing a coalition of smaller parties. The UDP won an increased majority (19 out of 31 seats, the rest going to the PUP). Dean Barrow has therefore started his third, and last, term as Prime Minister.
Public spending on infrastructure, education, and health funded by borrowing from Petrocaribe was a key factor in the election.
The concessional loans from Venezuela had a major impact on the government’s popularity. The possibility that they may be cut in future was one reason why the Prime Minister called the elections 18 months earlier than necessary. (This privilege, known as the “Westminster convention,” is no longer available in the United Kingdom, where elections are now subject to fixed terms.)
Many voters in Belize have also become accustomed to receiving party support in cash or kind in the last 20 years in return for their votes. The PUP, reliant in the past on cash from Michael Ashcroft (a British billionaire with Belizean citizenship), was strapped for cash this time because Ashcroft reached an agreement on most of his outstanding disputes with the government and no longer had much incentive to support the opposition.
The PUP also suffered from a weak – albeit honest – leader in Francis Fonseca, who had performed badly in municipal elections earlier in the year and who had failed to impose discipline on the party. He has now resigned, although he will stay as leader until a new one is elected. The PUP, the dominant force in Belizean politics since its formation in 1950 and the party that took the country to independence in 1981, is now in danger of disintegrating.
The UDP government faces a number of challenges. The sugar market in the European Union is being opened to unrestricted competition, which could lower prices further. Concessional funding from Petrocaribe could be reduced or even ended as the economic situation in Venezuela deteriorates. And Belize continues to face considerable pressure from the U.S. government both with regard to its offshore financial center and as a result of sanctions against various individuals under the “kingpin” anti-drug legislation. Last but not least, Belize will have to pay compensation to Michael Ashcroft for nationalization of the telecommunications company at a rate to be determined by arbitration over which the government will have no control. The biggest threat to Belize, however, comes from Guatemala. The disputed western frontier is porous and Guatemalan poachers have become bolder in recent years, even panning for gold in the mountains. Both governments had previously agreed to take their territorial dispute to the International Court of Justice, but they must first put it to voters in a referendum – a prospect in which Guatemalan President-elect Jimmy Morales has so far shown no interest. With a population of only 350,000 (compared with 16 million in Guatemala), the new government of Belize may face an uphill struggle.
*Dr. Bulmer-Thomas is a professor at the University College London Institute of the Americas, fellow (and former director) at Chatham House, and author of numerous books, including The Economic History of the Caribbean Since the Napoleonic Wars (2012).
by clalsstaff on November 16, 2015 • Permalink
Posted in Belize, Venezuela
Tagged Ashcroft (Michael), Barrow (Dean), Belize, Corruption, Economy, Education, Elections, Fonseca (Francis), Guatemala, Morales (Jimmy), PetroCaribe, Public Infrastructure, PUP, UDP, Venezuela
Posted by clalsstaff on November 16, 2015
https://aulablog.net/2015/11/16/belize-the-udp-wins-again/
Remittances and Sustainable Community Development in Latin America
By Aaron T. Bell and Eric Hershberg
Photo Credit: Futureatlas.com / Flickr / Creative Commons
Remittances to Latin America hit a record high in 2014 at $65.3 billion, according to the Multilateral Investment Fund of the Inter-American Development Bank, but their impact on development would be much greater with better coordination between sending and recipient communities. Mexico receives over one third of those funds, but remittances represent a significant component of GDP for many countries across the region. The bulk comes from the United States, where 54 million Hispanics include 19 million first-generation immigrants, according to 2013 U.S. census figures. In several Central American and Caribbean countries, funds sent home by migrants represent the largest single source of foreign exchange.
Remittances alleviate poverty by contributing to household income, helping to satisfy basic consumption needs, and sometimes enabling savings and investments in education.
Groups of migrants from particular communities sometimes pool resources through hometown associations to support shared objectives back home. A paved road or a new soccer field affects quality of life in tangible ways, and émigré financing of local political campaigns can determine the results of elections for mayors and other officials.
But remittances seldom promote local economic development initiatives that will generate sustainable incomes and opportunities for wide segments of the population – missing opportunities to address the causes of migration in the first place.
Some governments, development agencies, and philanthropies look to remittances as a potential mechanism for ensuring that Latin American citizens enjoy living conditions that afford them the “right not to migrate” from home communities. Last month the Inter-American Foundation (IAF) and the Center for Latin American & Latino Studies (CLALS) convened a workshop to explore the challenges and opportunities for linking diaspora organizations in the United States, their communities of origin in Latin America and the Caribbean, and potential philanthropic partners to advance community development in the region through the effective deployment of remittances. Participants identified several challenges.
Cooperation between immigrant-led diaspora organizations and their sending communities and governments is not a given.
Despite some research into hometown associations – created in the United States by migrants to connect with their communities of origin – we have relatively limited knowledge about how they function and the conditions that enable them to support community development.
Effective transnational cooperation requires broad multi-sectoral partnerships aligning immigrant-led groups, sending community organizations, and possibly governments and international funding institutions.
Despite information gaps and practical obstacles, there are successes to celebrate, such as the Salvadoran Fundación para la Educación Social, Económico y Cultural, with which the IAF has partnered. Technical training on how to handle incoming funds and face-to-face meetings between participants and supporters in the United States and El Salvador have promoted transparency and trust. Participants in the CLALS/IAF workshop offered several potential avenues for community organizations and philanthropic foundations to build enduring institutional connections. It was agreed that further research should be conducted on hometown associations and other forms of diaspora organization to better understand how they function, how they relate to their affiliated sending communities, and how they can be catalysts to promote local development. Policy-based research institutions in Latin America should be brought into the conversation, as should mainstream Latino organizations in the United States. And immigrant associations and their counterparts in Latin America should not have to grapple with complex development challenges alone. Indeed, U.S.-based community organizations and philanthropies could play a valuable role in catalyzing cooperation aimed at promoting development by making the case for public policies and transnational collaborative efforts that support “the right not to migrate.” Such development-supporting initiatives could, at least in theory, gain resonance across political groupings in the United States, appealing both to those interested in fostering global development and those concerned about immigration.
by clalsstaff on August 4, 2015 • Permalink
Tagged Caribbean, Central America, Development, Economy, Education, El Salvador, Immigration, Mexico, Remittances
Posted by clalsstaff on August 4, 2015
https://aulablog.net/2015/08/04/remittances-and-sustainable-community-development-in-latin-america/
Mexico Elections: Successful Balloting, Mixed Results
Preparing for elections in Chiapas, Mexico last week. Photo Credit: Dimitri dF / Flickr / Creative Commons
Mexico’s mid-term elections last Sunday to select governors, mayors, and local and federal legislators confirmed popular engagement in the democratic process, but deep frustration with the country’s political parties. Voter turnout – 47 percent of eligible voters cast ballots – was high despite violence, isolated ballot-burnings, attacks on election board offices, and calls for boycotts. The elections were carried out under highly adverse conditions. Some 1,400 murders were recorded nationwide in April – the highest rate in a year – and a clash between privately supported vigilantes and suspected cartel members left 13 dead in Guerrero state the day before voting. Four assassinated candidates remained on Sunday’s ballots (and at least one won). Pre-election polls showed that some 90 percent of citizens distrusted the political parties, and over half expressed disapproval for President Peña Nieto half-way into his six-year term. According to press reports, voters were motivated by concern about the government’s inability to deal with the resurgence of violence or even satisfactorily explain massacres, such as the disappearance last September of 43 students who were last seen in police custody. Mexico’s sluggish economy may have driven people to the polls as well; the government cut growth estimates in May because of lower than expected oil revenues and U.S. growth.
As predicted, the President’s Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and its partners won a parliamentary majority – winning about 40 percent of the votes and, as a coalition, 260-plus seats in the 500-member Congress. The PRI and the Party of Democratic Revolution (PRD) lost governorships in the country’s two most violent states – Guerrero and Michoacán – in what’s widely seen as a rebuke to both. The opposition National Action Party (PAN) held largely steady, garnering about 20 percent of the votes. By most accounts, the big winner on Sunday is Governor-elect Jaime Rodríguez of Mexico’s second-richest state, Nuevo León. Running as an outsider, El Bronco took advantage of an electoral reform allowing independent candidacies and waltzed to victory with 48 percent of the vote despite a modest campaign and opposition from local media. He has pledged that his election marks “the start of a second Mexican Revolution.”
El Bronco can legitimately claim to embody rejection of the traditional parties, and in that respect his rise to prominence is not unlike that of many charismatic politicians in Latin America’s recent and not-so-recent past. Given his campaign’s lack of programmatic clarity, it is not clear that he or the votes cast in his favor represent anything more than that. President Peña Nieto achieved important reforms during his first three years in office, particularly in energy and education, but these have neither generated enthusiastic support nor their anticipated benefits. Whether the President has any new compelling ideas to offer for the remainder of his term remains to be seen. The relatively high turnout last Sunday despite popular cynicism toward the parties and myriad security challenges does testify to Mexicans’ resilient democratic aspirations, but the election also reflects widespread public disillusion with the available options – incumbent as well as opposition. The ruling PRI failed to offer (or even project) a credible agenda for Mexico during what are clearly times of trouble, and the country suffers from a lack of coherent alternative visions for either conservative modernization (the PAN) or progressive transformation (PRD or its former standard-bearer, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, with his newly established Morena party). Across the ideological spectrum, Mexico’s politics are stuck, and it’s going to take more than one Bronco to drive out the dinosaurs.
by clalsstaff on June 11, 2015 • Permalink
Posted in Mexico
Tagged Democracy, Drug Trafficking, Economy, Education, Elections, López Obrador, Mexico, Nuevo León, PAN, Peña Nieto, PRD, PRI, Rodríguez (Jaime)
Posted by clalsstaff on June 11, 2015
https://aulablog.net/2015/06/11/mexico-elections-good-process-mixed-results/
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Hailing from London, punk-rock outfit Counterfeit. are Jamie Campbell Bower, Tristan Marmomt, Roland Johnson, Sam Bower and Jimmy Craig. Last year they unleashed their debut album ‘Together We Are Stronger’ via Xtra Mile, which is full of punk-rock flair and showcases front-man Jamie Campbell Bower’s raw and honest vocals. The 10-track record garnered widespread acclaim from both fans and critics alike, including Kerrang! where front man Jamie graced the cover around the album’s release, Rock Sound, Upset Magazine and Radio 1’s Rock Show with Dan P Carter. Nominated for Best British Newcomer in 2016 at the Kerrang! Awards, and winning Best Live Band in 2017 at the AIM Awards, the 5-piece have gone from strength to strength since exploding onto the scene in 2015. Having played sold out shows up and down the UK, Europe and now the U.S, Counterfeit. are no stranger to the live circuit with numerous festival appearances such as Reading & Leeds, Slam Dunk, Hurricane and Southside, and many more. Counterfeit. are currently holed up writing and recording the follow up to their debut album due in mid 2019....
Sep 10 Tue
COUNTERFEIT 7:00 PM | Doors: 6:00 PM
Tickets $17.00 - $75.00
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In The Elizabethan Era Women Are Portrayed As Less Than Equals To Men "Taming Of The Shrew" By Shakespeare
In the Elizabethan era women were portrayed as less than equals to men. Male seemed to be the dominate gender and women were to be seen-not-heard. They existed within a patriarchal society. As a feminist himself, Shakespeare shows through his plays how women are ill treated and powerless; yet possess more intelligence than the male characters. This is why Shakespeare creates overwhelming female characters; which is evident in Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew", where the lead female character shows dominance.The major themes and motives surrounding the feminist issue are "deception and disguise" in regards to marriage, "Marriage as an Economic Institution" and "position of women in society". Characters use deception and disguise to manipulate other characters into falling in love under false pretences. People in this era have often used marriage as a way of gaining status and wealth, where no love was involved. Women in society were to be seen-not-heard; they were expected to be obedient and faithful to their husband, while the husband would simply do as he pleased. There are also a variety of techniques which Shakespeare uses to communicate with the audience such as language techniques including imagery, alliteration, rhetorical questions, soliloquies and puns.Katherina, also known as the "shrew", is the central character of the play. As Katherina is introduced in the play she is instantly revealed to be fierce, ferocious, and foul tempered. Katherina speaks direct and freely which is not accepted in her society, and as a result she is labeled a "shrew". She is renowned for her sharp tongue:Katherina Act 2 scene 1 line 205If I be waspish, best beware my sting.During Act 1, when Baptista and Grumio are talking about Katherina, Grumio remarks:Grumio'Katherine the Curst'A title for a maid, of all titles the worst."This quote reflects what most of Padua thinks of Kate and the name given to her by the town's people, she is known by every one to be Katherina the curst. The technique used within this quote is mocking rhyme.Deception and disguise plays a major part in the play. This is portrayed when Lucentio disguises himself as Cambio (also known as Bianca's tudor) in a desperate attempt to win Bianca's heart. Hortensio, however, only wants Bianca for her money and disguises himself as Litio, Bianca's music teacher. These acts of deception lead Bianca to choosing Lucentio out of her many suitors. However, she is not allowed to be wed until after katherina finds a suitor. This in turn creates conflict between the two sisters and their father:Katherina act 2 scene 1 line 30-35What, will you not suffer me? Nay, now I see,She is your treasure; she must have a husband,I must dance barefoot on her wedding dayAnd, for your love to her, lead apes in hell.Talk not to me. I will go sit and weepTill I can find occasion of revenge.This is referring to all the suitor's Bianca has in line; Kate is envious of her sister as she has no potential suitors of her...
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1401 words - 6 pages explained by the same few causes in every different case there is. The act of oppression can be defended by ignorance, insecurity, and false sense of entitlement, although it is never justified. In William Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew, Katherine is oppressed as she is forced to marry someone she just met and silenced in the process. Petruchio, her new husband, tries to tame her and appears to succeed. Ignorance is a major factor of
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Dollars and Change: November 8, 2018
Hosts Sandi Hunt, Nick Ashburn, Katherine Klein, and Sherryl Kuhlman are joined by Myles Shaver (Professor, University of Minnesota), Lynette Guastaferro (Chief Executive Officer, Teaching Matters), Sonny Kalsi (Co-Founder, GreenOak Real Estate), and Meg Voorhes (Director of Research, US SIF: The Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment) on the Thursday, November 8, 2018 edition of Dollars and Change.
Air Date: Thursday, November 8, 2018 on SiriusXM 132
Sandi Hunt
Nick Ashburn
Katherine Klein
Sherryl Kuhlman
Lynette Guastaferro and Sonny Kalsi
Air Time: 8:00 am
Featuring: Lynette Guastaferro, Sonny Kalsi
Meg Voorhes
Featuring: Meg Voorhes
Myles Shaver
Featuring: Myles Shaver
Professor, University of Minnesota
Myles Shaver is Professor of Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship at the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management where he holds the Pond Family Chair in the Teaching and Advancement of Free Enterprise Principles.
Myles’ research about corporate expansion is published in leading scholarly journals and he is invited to present at conferences and universities around the world. His recent research about the Minneapolis-St. Paul Headquarters economy has helped guide talent attraction and retention initiatives in the region and is presented in his forthcoming book: Headquarters Economy: Managers, Mobility, and Migration. Myles presents this research to audiences in Minnesota and to audiences in other states and countries.
Myles is recipient of the Irwin Outstanding Educator Award – the most prestigious international teaching award in Strategic Management and the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business Distinguished PhD Alumni Award. A recent study identified Myles as one of the most prolific management scholars in the world and Poets and Quants profiles Myles in their compilation of the “World’s 50 Best Business School Professors.”
Myles serves on the Board of Directors of the Strategic Management Society and is a Senior Editor at Strategy Science.
Lynette Guastaferro
Chief Executive Officer, Teaching Matters
Lynette Guastaferro, Chief Executive Officer, has more than 20 years of experience in education. She possesses a unique blend of education, non-profit and private-sector experience. Under her leadership and responding to both research and what is happening in real classrooms, Teaching Matters has quadrupled its reach and spearheaded the design of award winning, scalable teacher development models designed to improve teaching in over 700 urban schools. Ms. Guastaferro has worked as a classroom teacher, a school-network leader, and a senior management consultant for Price Waterhouse Coopers (PWC). At PWC, she led projects to innovate and improve the performance of government and educational agencies. Her work in education led her to Baltimore, where she took a classroom teaching position and designed her school’s first technology based learning support lab for literacy and mathematics. Ms. Guastaferro holds an M.B.A. from Columbia University and a B.A. from Williams College.
Sonny Kalsi
Co-Founder, GreenOak Real Estate
Sonny Kalsi is a Founder and Partner of GreenOak Real Estate, an independent, partner-owned real estate principal investing firm that seeks to create long-term value for its investors and clients. Formed in 2010, GreenOak Real Estate is a highly focused global platform with an experienced and cohesive senior team that possesses a long and successful track record investing in and managing real estate. The firm has offices in New York, Los Angeles, London, Madrid, Tokyo and Seoul with dedicated teams that possess local knowledge, experience and extensive networks in each market. Since inception, GreenOak has raised approximately $8 billion of equity to invest in targeted strategies and assets and acquired approximately $11bn of real estate assets globally. Sonny was previously the Global Co-Head of Morgan Stanley’s Real Estate Investing business and President of the Morgan Stanley Real Estate Funds until early 2009. At its peak, the MSREI platform had approximately $100 billion of AUM in 33 countries. From 1997 through 2006, Sonny and his team led the formation of Morgan Stanley’s property business in Asia and built the leading real estate platform in the region. Sonny was recently named by PERE as one of the 100 most influential people in private real estate from the past decade. Sonny is a graduate of Georgetown University with a degree in Business Administration and is a former member of the Georgetown’s Board of Regents. He also serves on the board of several organizations including: The Spence School, Teaching Matters, PowHERful Foundation, Room to Read, AHRC New York City Foundation, Jorge Posada Foundation, and the Asia Society. He is a member of the Young Presidents Organization and an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University in the Master’s of Real Estate Program.
Sonny is married and resides in New York City with his wife and two children.
Director of Research, US SIF: The Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment
Meg Voorhes is Director of Research of US SIF: The Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment, the membership association for US firms and organizations engaged in sustainable and responsible investing, and of the US SIF Foundation. She is the author or co-author of several US SIF Foundation publications, including its biennial Report on US, Sustainable, Responsible and Impact Investing Trends.
Before joining US SIF in 2008, Meg directed environmental, social and governance research for RiskMetrics Group’s Financial Research and Analysis division. Meg spent much of her career at the Investor Responsibility Research Center. From 1996 through 2005, she headed IRRC’s Social Issues Service, where she directed research for institutional investor and corporate clientele on the environmental, human rights and other social issues raised by shareholders at US companies.
Previously, Meg specialized in issues related to multinational investment and corporate responsibility in South Africa. From 1990 through 1996, she directed IRRC’s Southern Africa Service.
Dollars and Change: June 27, 2019
Hosts Sandi Hunt, Nick Ashburn, Katherine Klein, and Sherryl Kuhlman are joined by Wade Malchow (Sr. Category Manager, Barley Program, Molson Coors) and Cynthia Muller (Director of Mission Investment, W.K. Kellogg Foundation) on the Thursday, June 27, 2019 edition of Dollars and Change.Read More
Air Date: Thursday, June 27, 2019
Hosts Sandi Hunt, Nick Ashburn, Katherine Klein, and Sherryl Kuhlman are joined by Nicole Connolly (Head of ESG Investing, Fidelity Investments) and Anne Tucker (Professor of Law, Georgia State University College of Law) on the Thursday, June 20, 2019 edition of Dollars and Change.Read More
Hosts Sandi Hunt, Nick Ashburn, Katherine Klein, and Sherryl Kuhlman are joined by Jonathan Lovitz (Senior Vice President, National LGBT Chamber of Commerce) on the Thursday, June 13, 2019 edition of Dollars and Change.Read More
Dollars and Change: May 30, 2019
Hosts Sandi Hunt, Nick Ashburn, Katherine Klein, and Sherryl Kuhlman are joined by Todd Hedtke (Chief Investment Officer, Allianz Investment Management LLC) on the Thursday, May 30, 2019 edition of Dollars and Change.Read More
Air Date: Thursday, May 30, 2019
Hosts Nick Ashburn and Sherryl Kuhlman are joined by Shane Jenson (Professor of Statistics, The Wharton School) and Griffin Amdur (Director, Chicago Furniture Bank) on the Thursday, May 23, 2019 edition of Dollars and Change.Read More
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Arthur Miller & Christopher W. E. Bigsby
A Penguin Classic
Joe Keller and Steve Deever, partners in a machine shop during World War II, turned out defective airplane parts, causing the deaths of many men. Deever was sent to prison while Keller escaped punishment and went back to business, making himself very wealthy in the ensuing years. In Miller’s work of tremendous power, a love affair between Keller's son, Chris, and Ann Deever, Steve’s daughter, the bitterness of George Keller, who returns from the war to find his father in prison and his father's partner free, and the reaction of a son to his father's guilt escalate toward a climax of electrifying intensity.
Winner of the Drama Critics' Award for Best New Play in 1947, All My Sons established Arthur Miller as a leading voice in the American theater. All My Sons introduced themes that thread through Miller's work as a whole: the relationships between fathers and sons and the conflict between business and personal ethics. This edition features an introduction by Christopher Bigsby.
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
PENGUIN GROUP USA, INC.
Arcupcake , 10/09/2017
I knew twenty one pilots’ name was inspired by this play and in my theater class we have to read a play and I selected this on because why not?
Cjrocks1231 , 01/02/2017
Anyone else come to this book because of twenty one pilots??
Twenty one pilots brought me to this book because it inspired the band's name with making important decisions in life.
More Books by Arthur Miller & Christopher W. E. Bigsby
Death of a Salesman Willy Lines
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Forever 21 believes that India alone can bring in $1 billion of revenue
The fashion retailer recently partnered with Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail in the country
Reeba Zachariah
Updated: July 07, 2016, 10:00 IST
Forever 21 founder Don Won Chang’s demeanor is contrary to the aggressive world of fashion retailing. After two faltering starts in India, the 53-year- old billionaire and chief executive of the chic teen fashion retailer hopes to be third time lucky. Chang has partnered with Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail to have a bigger play in the world’s fastest growing economy where Forever 21’s rivals Zara and H&M, too, have aggressive plans.
On Tuesday, Birla formalized a deal to clinch a 12-year exclusive online and offline right to the Forever 21 brand in India. This is possibly Birla’s most ambitious move in fashion retailing after a surprise entry into the business following the acquisition of Madura Garments in 1999. The American label is expected to give Birla (strong in formal menswear) more heft in womenswear retailing, besides adding muscle to its fledgling e-commerce venture, abof.com, industry experts said.
“We couldn’t have got a better partner than Birla to help us in executing our vision of making Forever 21 one of the largest womenswear brands in India,” Chang told TOI in his first interview to the Indian media. Comparing the partnership with Birla to a husband-wife relationship, Chang said, “We are known for our merchandise and Birla complements us with its A to Z presence from manufacturing fabrics to retailing apparels.”
Chang understands the importance of stable partnerships. He and his wife Jin Sook, originally from South Korea, arrived in the US almost penniless and without college degrees. While working at a petrol station, he noticed that the most expensive cars were driven by fashion retailers, prompting him to start his own clothing store. From one store in Los Angeles, Forever 21 today operates more than 730 stores across 48 countries, with Chang having a net worth of $6 billion.
Birla is taking charge of Forever 21’s Indian operations with a plan to accelerate expansion. Forever 21’s erstwhile partner DLF operated 12 stores, while Birla hopes to take the count to 20 by the end of the current calendar. India could become one of the top three markets for Forever 21 globally, Chang said, as the chic teen fashion retailer with sprawling ambitions wants the “growing country” to take serious note of it. “India has the potential to become $1-billion market for the brand,” he added, as he stopped over in Mumbai for a short visit last week. Forever 21 garners nearly 70% revenue from its home market of US.
Spanish retailer Zara tops the fast fashion charts in India with sales of Rs 721 crore in fiscal 2015. Zara, which has a joint venture with the Tata Group, operates over 16 stores in the country. Swedish giant H&M, a new entrant, currently has six stores with plans to add another six by the end of this year.
Forever 21 reported annual revenue of Rs 262 crore last fiscal, up from Rs 213 crore in the previous year and Rs 105 crore in FY14. Forever 21 has replicated its hugely successful global model in India -- by designing affordable, latest fashion wear and making them available to shoppers in double-check time. If a new style comes to play, then the same will be available in India almost the same time it is available elsewhere. And if a new fashion fails to click, then it will go off the shelves from all the Forever 21 stores. The products have the same price tag in India as in US, except for taxes, which differ according to the respective markets.
Don Won Chang
Aditya Birla Fashion
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Speaking Mormon
April 2, 2019 by bccpresseditor
Keira Shae is the author of the phenomenal BCC Press megahit How the Light Gets In, a memoir of her early life in the dark underbelly of Provo, Utah. She was taken from a Meth-house to an LDS foster home as a teen. She will be joining fellow BCC authors Ashley May Hoiland, Rachel Hunt Steenblik, and Keira Shae this weekend for readings at Anthony’s Antiques & Fine Art in Salt Lake City (7:00 PM on Friday, April 5) and Writ & Vision in Provo (7:00 PM on Saturday, April 6). Her story, and her book, are featured in the April 3 Edition of the Deseret News.
I speak Mormon.
People ask me all the time for “proof” of my standing with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Mormons and ex-Mormons alike will question my garment-wearing habits or Sunday routine, an “in-group” or “out-group” marker.
These are still tribes sticking to hard and fast rules. I did it, too. And do. It’s a way to gauge your interaction with others and adjust to their knowledge or preferences.
Also, because I’m a resident of Utah, the LDS Church gets brought up a lot, no matter what “side you’re on”. Frequently people ask me if I’m LDS only so that I can understand the context of the situation they are explaining (for example, words like “primary-aged child” or “my calling”).
I don’t feel like I’m traditionally or Orthodox LDS, but at the same time I understand what they’re explaining. It’s made me think about what Mormonism is. That instead of feeling as if we are groups or tribes or that being LDS is about places to stand or travel to, “Mormon” is actually a language. What they are asking me is if I “speak Mormon”, or if they have to translate for me (both their vocabulary and their culture). In this increasingly global community, this both makes sense and is a very thoughtful gesture.
And I do speak Mormon. Converted to the church as a teen, I am now very fluent in “Mormon.” And even though Mormonism is not a language that fully expresses all the emotions and experiences that I have, it is still a framework in which I move about in and interact with my world. It is still a connecting factor in most of my relationships. Without it, I couldn’t get to the emotional and intellectual place that I am now.
There is a linguistic theory that our language structure informs our view of the world and our actual cognitive abilities. It’s called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, or Linguistic Relativity. One modern example of this is that we are struggling with integrating Non-binary gendered peoples into our cultures. Non-binary (NB) persons identify as not male or female, which means that talking to them or referring to them in our gendered language can be inconvenient, even difficult. Our language (and many other languages, actually) forces us to see people as “he” or “she”, never “it” or “they”. As a child who only knew English and Spanish, I don’t think I would have been able to comprehend the third possibility nor understand why someone would choose the third option.
Whether I like it or not, English informs how I see my world. Whether I like it or not, Mormonism has informed the way I see my world, especially spiritually. One fantastic example of an LDS doctrinal point that informs how I view things is seeing God as a combination of Male and Female, harmoniously married.
As a woman who previously only experienced a male (single) creating-God, this was a source of hope and happiness for me. Another example of Western religious culture limiting what I knew was possible comes from learning that certain cultures don’t just practice polygyny, but the reverse, polyandry. As I learn more, my world feels huge. It’s scary and humbling. I love this process of learning outside of my comfort zone, my “language” zone.
Even though I feel my “languages” are not all-encompassing, I’m thankful for them. I’m happy to speak “the language” if it means more connection with people that I care about. So I keep up my language skills. It’s just that on the side, I’m looking for something else to supplement my vocabulary.
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McBeth says:
Just to be clear, linguists are usually pretty careful to emphasize that Sapir-Whorf is a hypothesis rather than a theory, as the idea is still rather controversial and not widely accepted in the field.
I do not believe that the above clarification negates the points that you make in later paragraphs, with which I largely agree.
josidave says:
Great post! I had a middle-school student come up to me, a new teacher, to ask me, “Are you one of us?” I suspected what she meant, from a previous references to religion, but I asked anyway, “what do you mean?” “You know,” she replied, “with US.” I taught her and a few others the word irrelevant. Sharing my denomination was not necessary for her to know. The tribal language is very strong among us.
Recently, I have felt that it is much more challenging to describe myself without using tthe word Mormon. Maybe by outlawing that word, some might think that members will be protected from challenging information by forbidding the use of the word in, say, a google search. Perhaps some think they are safeguarding our testimonies by restricting our vocabulary?
Beautifully written. Not much to add.
Chompers says:
Yeah, whilst the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is interesting academically, it has zero functional impact on why people don’t accept non-binary people. It’s not because our language forces us to be unable to comprehend them; most people don’t accept it because it’s bizarre, and more importantly, beyond their experience.
You were doing really well till you went AWOL with that idea. It’s tangentially related, but enough of a contextual non-sequitur that you should’ve really skipped it or made it more of a central point.
I’m not a linguist, but I understand the point being made with respect to language and gender. There are enough in-depth discussions about alternative pronouns and language inclusivity among LGBTQ communities that it is clearly very important to non-binary people.
On the mormon vocabulary note, my high school english teacher gave all of us Utah kids a lecture about avoiding “local, cultural terms” in our AP essays, in particular if the prose or poem discussed God. I think she specifically said to avoid “scriptures,” “blessings,” and “grateful.”
Darmok and Jalad at Tanagra says:
“more importantly, beyond their (shared) experience.”
— Sokath, his eyes open!
“my high school english teacher gave all of us Utah kids a lecture about avoiding “local, cultural terms” in our AP essays, in particular if the prose or poem discussed God. I think she specifically said to avoid “scriptures,” “blessings,” and “grateful”
— Shaka, when the walls fell :(
Conrad Deitrick says:
This resonates pretty deeply with me, as someone who has been recently making peace with the fact that, regardless of my relationship between any institutional church, “Mormon” is and will always be my native language.
This comment might seem like a digression, but please bear with me–I promise I’ll come back to the topic at hand.
As McBeth notes, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis remains controversial and is not widely accepted among linguists, though it has great power within the popular imagination. More specifically, the “strong form” of linguistic determinism has been pretty thoroughly disproved, and the example of binary pronouns creating challenges for talking to and about people who identity their gender as nonbinary is a case in point. We can and do understand the concept (unless we actively resist trying), and we can and do adapt linguistically, through normal social processes of trial and error. Both the nonspecific and the specific singular “they” are now in common usage and accepted by most style guides, and have been now for several years, though the Mormon language has been understandably slow on that particular lexical uptake.
By contrast, a “weak form” of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which supposes that the available structure and lexis of a dialect influence (but do not determine) how we shape our concepts as well as how we talk about them, does appear to have some empirical merit, though it’s hard to tell how much, and many linguists don’t find the question all that interesting. But it is evidently harder to grasp concepts for which we lack readily available language, and nonbinary pronouns are also an example of this–though in that case (as in most cases) the problem isn’t the pronouns themselves but a whole network of lexical associations about gender, as well as gaps in biological and sociological knowledge (I’m not going to go into this further because that really would be derailing the thread).
Anyway, I promised to bring this back on-topic. Rather than thinking of “speaking Mormon” in terms of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, I suggest instead thinking about it in terms of belonging to a discourse community, which can perhaps be most succinctly defined using James Paul Gee’s formula (though he prefers his own terminology rather than “discourse community”: “saying (writing)-doing-being-valuing-believing
combinations.”
In short, “Speaking Mormon” involves far more than just knowing the lingo–but that is true of all linguistic communities. And I agree with OP that there is a lot of value in thinking of “Mormon” as a “language”–one heavily influenced by but distinct from the institution of TCOJCOLDS–and in thinking about the ways in which the Mormon language enables and constrains us as we seek to understand and express our understanding of ourselves, our universe, and our place in it, both with other people who speak our language and perhaps especially with other people for whom Mormon is a foreign language. Further, this idea should prompt me to consider how little I know of other people’s “languages” (or to use the term I think is more accurate, their discourse communities) and how my own relative monolingualism might lead to unnecessary misunderstandings.
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The PCA and the Browning of America
by Zoe Erler
The “browning of America” is underway. Wherever you live — East Coast, West Coast, or somewhere in the middle — white America, expressed as a percentage of the population, is shrinking.
In 1990, non-Hispanic whites made up 74.5 percent of the population. By 2010, that number was down to 64 percent. Today, there are 50 million Hispanic- and Latino-Americans, making up 16.3 percent of the population. African-Americans constitute 12.6 percent, while Asian-Americans make up 4.8 percent of the population.
If these trends continue, Americans of European descent will be in the minority by 2035. For those under 18, this flip may come sooner — in less than five years, according to geospatial think tank Esri. In 2010 there were 110 metropolitan statistical areas where children of color were already in the majority.
Although the PCA doesn’t collect ethnic data, it’s safe to assume that the denomination’s demographics don’t reflect the wider population. Which is why, in January, the Cooperative Ministries Committee decided that diversity is one of five key issues facing the PCA.
Not Set Up to Receive the Harvest
Aaron Layton, director of diversity for Westminster Christian Academy in St. Louis, will lead a seminar at General Assembly titled “The Coming Harvest: People of Color and the PCA.”
Layton was born in North St. Louis, a predominantly black neighborhood, but soon moved to a white suburb. “I felt like I grew up in two different worlds,” he says. While a Covenant Seminary student, Layton was often targeted for conversations about race and particularly about how the PCA could become more diverse.
“Many of the churches in the PCA have the heart,” Layton believes. “They want to reach out and put resources behind [diversity], but they’re stuck.” There is a browning of America, Layton says, but most of our churches aren’t set up to receive this harvest.
Layton points to Acts 6, which describes Greek widows being neglected. In response, deacons were appointed to care for them. In a similar way, PCA churches could take steps to welcome people of color. After all, because of the Gospel, the “browning of our churches” is more than a secular stab at inclusivity; it’s reflecting the diversity of God’s kingdom.
Catching up with the Curve
After graduating from Covenant Seminary, Layton accepted a teaching job at nearby Westminster, a largely white upper-income school. Before long, the board asked him to put intentionality behind the school’s desire to welcome people of color.
Westminster’s action was strategic, and Layton believes the PCA can learn from it. “All major institutions have diversity consultants,” he notes. “Law firms, hospitals, universities, any major corporation. The church is the last major institution that doesn’t have that.”
Layton suggests that churches invite a diversity consultant to help them identify roadblocks. It’s likely, he says, that there are demographic pockets in a church’s surrounding community that aren’t reflected in the congregation. Church leaders need to know why.
Church leaders must also initiate the conversation about race. Otherwise, Layton believes, there’s bound to be friction. He references one church where black and white members happily worshipped side by side, but when the Trayvon Martin story broke, tensions rose. White congregants didn’t see the big deal; black congregants saw a pivotal, volatile cultural issue.
Leaders need to think like people of color, Layton says. If Latinos from the local community were to start attending services, could the church meet their needs?
For the Sake of the Gospel
We all carry some baggage, Layton believes. If we admit it, there’s space for repentance and an opportunity to begin building a church that looks more like what is described in Revelation 7:9-10.
“If the Gospel is true, then we should have these conversations. Sin levels the playing field, and so does the Gospel. We should be at the forefront of this area.”
← A Basic Guide to the PCA General Assembly
Pastor Relationships, Healthy Churches →
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Val-d'Oronaye Hotels
Hotels in Val-d'Oronaye, France
Search & Compare Val-d'Oronaye Hotels
Map of Val-d'Oronaye hotels
Best hotels in Val-d'Oronaye
What's Val-d'Oronaye Like?
If you're looking for a place to get away, look no further than Val-d'Oronaye. Whether you're planning to stay for a night or for the week, the area around Val-d'Oronaye has accommodations to fit every need. Search for hotels in Val-d'Oronaye with Hotels.com by checking our online map. Our map displays the areas and neighborhoods around all Val-d'Oronaye hotels so you can see how close you are from landmarks and attractions, and then refine your search within the larger area. The best Val-d'Oronaye hotel deals are here with our lowest price guarantee.
Where are the Best Places to Stay in Val-d'Oronaye?
Below are the number of accommodations by star rating in Val-d'Oronaye and the surrounding area:
Things to See and Do in Val-d'Oronaye
Things to See near Val-d'Oronaye:
• Col de la Bonette (8.7 mi/14 km from the city center)
• Maddalena Pass (2.8 mi/4.6 km from the city center)
• Col de Restefond (7.7 mi/12.5 km from the city center)
• Acceglio Town Hall (7.3 mi/11.7 km from the city center)
• Rifugio Gardetta (8.4 mi/13.5 km from the city center)
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HomeStoryJohnny Versus The News Man
Johnny Versus The News Man
In the land of Freedomocracy there lived a boy named Johnny. Like all children, Johnny went to School, where he was taught to think the same thoughts grownups think by educators with desperate faces.
At School Johnny learned what thoughts to think about his country and the world, so that he would be able to understand the things the News Man on the Screen says. He learned that other countries are ruled by Evil Dictators who hate freedom and kill their people with poison gas for no reason, but in Freedomocracy the people rule themselves using votes. Every couple of years everyone goes to Voting Stations to try to elect the people who will do the things they want to happen, and whoever gets the most votes does the things they were elected to do. In Evil Dictatorships the only things that happen are the things the Evil Dictators want, but in Freedomocracy the only things that happen are the things that the people want.
Johnny learned and learned and grew and grew, and when he got as big as a grownup he was given a Diploma which said, “Johnny thinks all the right thoughts, and he doesn’t think any of the wrong thoughts. He knows how to count and how to spell, and he knows how to find Freedomocracy on the globe. Johnny thinks the right thoughts about Freedomocracy, the World, the Law, the Internet, Money, War, Drugs and Medicine, and he knows how to listen to the News Man on his Screen. He can have a Job now.”
Johnny went out and showed his Diploma to different Job places, and he was hired to turn a gear at a gear-turning office. They paid Johnny money for his gear-turning, and he used it to get an apartment and some peanut butter.
One day Johnny was at the office and everyone started speaking with alarmed voices. Someone turned on the Screen on the wall, and the News Man was speaking next to a picture of an explosion. The News Man’s eyebrows were furrowed, and he spoke with a solemn voice.
“There has been an attack by Terrorists, and now thousands of people are dead,” said the News Man. “We are getting reports that the Terrorists were sent to explode this building by an Evil Dictator, so Freedomocracy will have to declare War to get rid of him.”
Johnny had learned in School that sometimes Evil Dictators are so evil that they pose a danger to Freedomocracy, so War must be declared in self-defense. War is very sad, but sometimes it’s necessary to protect Freedomocracy and to bring Freedom to the people who are always being killed with poison gas by the Evil Dictator. Johnny had also learned that boys of his age would be sent to fight in that War.
Sure enough, the next day a message popped up on Johnny’s pocket Screen saying, “You have been selected to go to War to overthrow the Evil Dictator and the Terrorists who have attacked us. It is your Patriotic Duty to report to your nearest Enlistment Station tomorrow so that we can give you a gun and send you to fight.”
Johnny didn’t sleep that night. He didn’t want to leave his apartment and go someplace where people were shooting one another, and he especially didn’t want to get killed by Terrorists. But he had been taught in School that a boy must always do his Patriotic Duty, so the next day Johnny locked up his apartment, said goodbye to his parents, and went to enlist.
They shaved Johnny’s head and made him wear a uniform, and they gave him a gun and taught him how to shoot it. Johnny was told that once his plane landed he would be greeted by Terrorists who were trying to protect the Evil Dictator, so he’d have to point his gun at them and shoot bullets into their bodies so that they wouldn’t shoot bullets into his body. He was to shoot bullets at anyone who stood between him and the Evil Dictator, and keep shooting and shooting until the Evil Dictator was gone.
Johnny’s plane touched down, and he started shooting. The Terrorists he was shooting didn’t look like the Terrorists the News Man had shown on the Screen; many of the Terrorists looked just like women and children, and when Johnny would shoot one of them a bunch of people would gather around and scream and cry. Johnny asked his Commander if he was sure that those Terrorists were really Terrorists, and he was told to be quiet and keep shooting.
The Terrorists kept running away to avoid being shot, so Johnny kept chasing after them. He ran and he ran, and then suddenly he was being tossed through the air with searing pain ripping through his body. The next thing Johnny knew, he was lying in a hospital bed with no legs.
Johnny was shipped back home to Freedomocracy, but he wasn’t happy there. He kept thinking he was back in the Evil Dictatorship, shooting people and being shot at. He kept seeing the terrified, pained faces of the people he’d shot. Such ordinary faces. So much like his own.
One night after his mother calmed him down when he was screaming and trying to leap out of bed, she switched on the Screen for him to see if it might help him relax. The News Man was there saying that the Evil Dictator has been killed, but another Evil Dictator in another country is now trying to use Terrorists to explode buildings in Freedomocracy just like the last one did. There may have to be another War.
Johnny watched the News Man talk, noticing that no mention was made of the last Evil Dictatorship or the people in it, the ones Johnny had seen running and screaming. All the News Man wanted to talk about was this new Evil Dictatorship and the Evil Dictator who rules it. Johnny watched the News Man’s mouth moving, and the sound of his voice began turning into gibberish mouth noises in Johnny’s ears. Something had changed in Johnny’s mind.
A fear gripped his insides like a big fist. It made the hairs on the back of his neck stand up.
“He’s lying,” Johnny whispered.
And from then on, everything was different. Johnny was no longer able to believe the words of the News Man, not just in the present but also in the past. Not just from the News Man, but from the educators at School. Everything he’d been told about the world and about Freedomocracy suddenly felt like a suit that didn’t fit anymore, no matter how hard he tried to climb back into it.
It was like finding the end of a very tangled knot and slowly working out its weavings. Johnny began working through all the stories he’d ever been told about the world, and unplugging his belief from them one at a time. He began replacing those stories with different ones, new ones which he learned about on his pocket Screen. It turned out there were people all around the world experiencing the same thing as Johnny was experiencing, and they were all sharing their ideas with each other on the Internet. You never saw any of those people being interviewed by the News Man, so they weren’t famous, but they saw that the stories the News Man was telling weren’t true.
One day Johnny picked up his pocket Screen and typed out the words, “The News Man is lying about the Evil Dictator.” He then posted those words on the Internet for everyone to see.
A bunch of strangers responded angrily to Johnny’s words.
“You’re the liar.”
“The News Man would never lie to us!”
“Why do you love the Evil Dictator?”
“Why do you love killing people with poisonous gas?”
“You should go move to the Evil Dictatorship if you love Evil Dictators so much!”
But another stranger said, “You’re right.”
It was the first time Johnny had felt happy inside since coming back from the War. Finally! A connection! With someone who saw what he saw!
Johnny started writing more things on the Internet:
“The News Man is lying about the Terrorists.”
“The News Man is lying about Freedomocracy.”
“The News Man is lying about everything.”
At first there were way more angry people responding than people who agreed, but more and more strangers on the Internet started noticing the things Johnny was saying. They liked the way Johnny wrote, and they appreciated his story about the War and what had happened to his legs.
Johnny found that he had a lot of things to say to the strangers on the Internet. He wrote long articles, he made videos and voice recordings, all about the lies the people of Freedomocracy were being told about what’s happening in their world. He wrote about how people with lots of Money can control elections and start Wars to get even more Money. He wrote about how the News Company was owned by people with lots of Money who profited from the News Man’s lies. He learned about all the different stories everyone had been told about Freedomocracy to trick them into thinking that they decide what happens in their country, and he got better and better at talking about them.
And people listened. More and more strangers on the Internet kept tuning in to find out what Johnny had to say. They found the stories they used to believe getting torn apart by the information that Johnny was sharing with them, and soon they too were unable to fit inside the old suit of the old stories they’d been taught in School.
One day when Johnny was watching the News Man to learn what false stories were being told, Johnny heard something surprising.
“We have a breaking News report,” said the News Man. “Our sources have learned that the Evil Dictator is using the Internet to spread Propaganda. It is bad that the Internet has been weaponized in this way, because here in Freedomocracy we leave ourselves exposed by letting people say whatever they want on the Internet. In the Evil Dictatorship, nobody is even allowed to use the Internet. This attack is an act of War by the Evil Dictator, and it will not go unpunished.”
“Remember, don’t believe the lies you hear on the Internet about the Evil Dictator, because it’s Propaganda,” the News Man concluded. “It is your Patriotic Duty to get your information here at the National News Company, where we always tell the truth.”
Suddenly there were strangers on the Internet saying that Johnny secretly worked for the Evil Dictator.
“Nobody believe what Johnny is saying! It’s Propaganda!”
“Johnny is a secret agent for the Evil Dictatorship!”
“How much were you paid to say this, ‘Johnny’?? If that’s even your real name!”
Johnny was shocked by all this, but he saw what they were doing. He explained to the strangers on the Internet that this was a trick to make people believe the News Man’s stories, and that it was actually the News Man who was conducting Propaganda. Propaganda is when you trick large groups of people into believing false stories about their country, and that was exactly what the News Man was doing.
Johnny kept attacking the News Man’s stories has hard as he could, and people kept waking up from the stories they’d been told. More and more strangers on the Internet started writing their own things and making their own videos, talking about how they’d like to live in a country where people really are free and really do get to decide what happens, like how they learned things are meant to be in School. People were poor and unhappy because all Freedomocracy’s Money was always being spent on Wars, and if they were really free and really decided what happens in their country, that wouldn’t be how it is. More and more people were getting very upset, and they were talking about it.
It wasn’t long before the next Propaganda report.
“A new report says that the Evil Dictator’s Propaganda is even worse than we’d suspected,” the News Man said. “The government of Freedomocracy has asked Internet companies to do everything in their power to stop the Evil Dictator from spreading his lies in our beautiful free country.”
The strangers on the Internet began having difficulty finding Johnny and the things he was saying on the Internet. They’d go to look for him, and instead they’d find videos of the News Man telling them that it’s their Patriotic Duty to support Freedomocracy against the Evil Dictatorship.
Johnny was frustrated. He kept speaking and speaking, but fewer and fewer people were able to find the things he was saying as the Internet companies worked to hide his words. Johnny wanted to keep killing people’s belief in the News Man’s stories, but he couldn’t do it if nobody was listening to him. He lost hope.
But the strangers on the Internet didn’t. They began copying Johnny’s words and sharing them themselves. They began making writing their own words, making their own videos and voice recordings, sharing what they’ve learned about the News Man’s lies. They began printing out flyers and talking to people on the streets to get away from the Internet companies who wanted to silence them. They began organizing in large groups and demanding to live in a truly free country.
Police were deployed to bash the people and spray gas on them to make them be quiet. The News Man reported that everyone in the streets was a Terrorist or a victim of Evil Dictator Propaganda, but everyone knew he was lying. His eyebrows grew more and more furrowed and the people grew more and more restless.
Then one day the News Man announced that Freedomocracy was going to War. All other recourse had failed with the Evil Dictator, he said, and everyone receiving a notice on their pocket Screens was to report to their Enlistment Stations immediately.
But nobody went. Everyone refused to fight this new War, and everyone refused to support the people who were trying to start it. The tangle of lies fell away completely, and everyone saw what was really happening with clear eyes. The people rose up together, and soon even the police joined them, and it wasn’t long before the News Man appeared on the Screen for the last time.
Then the people began creating a country which really works for them instead of keeping them poor and tricked all the time. It isn’t perfect, but it is theirs, run according to what they want instead of what a few people with lots of Money want. The people of Freedomocracy drive off into the future together, not knowing where they’re going but knowing that they’re driving. And Johnny gets to eat as much peanut butter as he wants.
Thanks for reading! My articles are entirely reader-supported, so if you enjoyed this piece please consider sharing it around, liking me on Facebook, following my antics on Twitter, throwing some money into my hat on Patreon or Paypal, purchasing some of my sweet merchandise, buying my new book Rogue Nation: Psychonautical Adventures With Caitlin Johnstone, or my previous book Woke: A Field Guide for Utopia Preppers. The best way to get around the internet censors and make sure you see the stuff I publish is to subscribe to the mailing list for my website, which will get you an email notification for everything I publish.
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Pft / March 3, 2019
Great article. Bit too optimistic though.
Today Johnny gets paid pretty well for fighting and gets a free college education thats transferrable. He also gets low interest loans for mortgages, and if he wants he can become a private military contractor at high pay. Besides, the shots before and after his tour suppresses empathy and memory so he doesnt think bad thoughts. Also he has a holiday that worships him and everyone thanks him for his service.
Johnny got his gun and a uniform and he likes it .
jo / March 3, 2019
Well said! Especially Australian Johnny and their spouses reap immense benefits while being cannon foddered through foreign or domestic enemies, allies and their own elected politicians. Mental issues, scars and a conscience will be treated pharmaceutically with gold cards and far above average life long pensions with the best “health standards” an Australian subject can legally achieve. All would be incredible rewarding after all – if the bloody conscience just would just stop nagging after returning from a mercenary mission to enslave the last different thinking opposition and their families over seas.
GS / March 2, 2019
Caitlin: Great article, it’s really got me thinking:
jo / February 23, 2019
Thank you Caitlin for bringing back some hope that not all is lost in the greatest penal colony on earth, Australia. “The greatest country on earth” where a flag reminds of the “motherland” and the bloody shackles around Australian ankles of the so inglorious past and present that carries all the home grown Australian love and wealth to foreign bankers, the COMMON WEALTH and royal two faced puppets, far away on a rocky tiny island that touches the hearts of their ever bleeding colonial subjects – the multicultural society of Australian people, their oligarch supervisors and elected/bought childly politicians and the long forgotten aboriginal caretakers of the once free continent – all blinded by illusions of sovereignty and deceit and THEIR Australian flag. Thank you Caitlin for having proven that truth still exists in a desert of lies and treachery and has not withered beyond News men and demockratic colonial ruler-ship. Humanity on earth is one family located on one home planet. Lets try to become one again, looking after us and our planet as one and deny ALL evil dictators their existence in diverted two faced ruler-ships and superiority. We are one – even if we are many. Lets look beyond the caged hamster wheel under the southern cross and open the door to Australia’s freedom that never was. The idea of freedom is alive and well.
Blessings and gratitude to ALL!
Col. B. Bunny / February 19, 2019
This is terribly clever and a clear-as-a-bell take on what’s going on.
minecritter / February 19, 2019
This music video is how I visualized the News Man. It’s The Great Commandment by Camouflage. Seeing it again, I’m visualizing Caitlin as the little girl going behind the curtain to fiddle with knobs. Now I’m wondering what it would be like to have Caitlin read the story over the images of the video. I see other commenters were reminded of relevant musical accompaniment too.
Ishkabibble / February 18, 2019
BTW, those young Americans who choose not to comply with a possible new mandatory conscription into the US military forces (AKA “being drafted”) are either going to have to leave the country and seek safe haven in a country that will grant them politial asylum, or go directly to prison to do some mandatory hard labor.
This was the case during the US’s illegal Vietnam invasion and subsequent murder of millions of Vietnamese. I doubt if that situation would be different today, no matter how many Neos suddenly see the light and refuse induction for religious or as conscientous objector. (I seem to remember that it didn’t take many German guards to control thousands of people within various so-called concentration camps during WWII. I doubt if humans have genetically changed enough in the “bravery department” in the last seventy years to take a high-velocity bullet so that the ones behind them can have a shot at freedom.)
“Luckily”, those trillions of fiat USD are still being accepted by mercenaries, so, as of today anyway, conscription is still off the table for young Americans. However, should those mercenaries stop accepting US toilet paper and start demanding say gold as payment, the draft will be right back in a flash.
Cal / February 20, 2019
Daniel Webster: “Where is it written in the Constitution, in what article or section is it contained, that you may take children from their parents and parents from their children, and compel them to fight the battles of any war in which the folly and wickedness of the government may engage itself? Under what concealment has this power lain hidden, which now for the first time comes forth, with a tremendous and baleful aspect, to trample down and destroy the dearest right of personal liberty? Who will show me any Constitutional injunction which makes it the duty of the American people to surrender everything valuable in life, and even life, itself, whenever the purposes of an ambitious and mischievous government may require it? … A free government with an uncontrolled power of military conscription is the most ridiculous and abominable contradiction and nonsense that ever entered into the heads of men”.
historicus / March 3, 2019
Here’s another good quote: “The essential idea underlying military conscription is the major premise of every dictatorship and all totalitarianism. It is the assumption that the individual citizen is but a pawn in the hands of unlimited State power.” These sentences are from a Declaration of Conscience signed by hundreds of prominent Americans and published on July 8, 1940, in response to the FDR’s unprecedented peacetime draft call. It was part of the strong American opposition to involvement in the second European war. This has been effectively censored out of “the good war” fiction of World War II, as have FDR’s untiring efforts to provoke conflict with Germany and Japan while promising the peace to the voters.
Interestingly, the author of the 1940 Draft Bill, Senator Edward R. Brooke, had gone on a fact-finding tour of Nazi Germany in 1938 and returned praising Hitler for “bringing about the well-being of the entire German people.”
Knackers / February 18, 2019
There’s an elegantly simplicity to Caitlin’s approach here that ‘s got me thinking that I may have been wrong in my recent criticism of her work. It’s just a question for now:
Can we can collapse the existing system simply by rejecting the fake stories of the News Man without bothering to identify who the puppet masters are behind the scenes running the whole media-propaganda charade?
Do we really need to know, for instance, that the ideological founders of “neoconservatism” – the driving force behind genocidal U.S. wars in the 21st century, were a tightly-knit network of psychopathic Jewish supremacists stemming from the Marxist Trotskyite movement and who were totally focused on infiltrating the US government and usurping American military might to serve Jewish tribal interests and the Zionist state of Israel, needlessly causing the deaths of millions of innocent people?
Or do we just have to stop believing the lies that the neocon’s News Man on the screen tells us about the world? I don’t know., but a part of me really hopes Caitlin’s right and that we don’t have to resign ourselves to fighting against a Zionist controlled system where the truth is antisemitic hate speech….
Unless the US Constitution is amended by the Congress of Morons, which it won’t, there are only two ways of changing the present arrangement in the US –either revolution or electing to the legislative and executive branches of government “representatives” who will enact or remove specific laws and regulations that the voters want enacted or removed. The problem is as follows. WHAT arrangement do voters want to replace the present arrangement? No vagueness like “do what’s right and good” allowed. In other words, each person should ask and answer the following question in the geatest detail possible. How do I want the world to be?
Harry S Nydick / February 19, 2019
I cannot speak for other voters. I want our obsolete and corrupted political system trashed and replaced by a system that criminalizes the abuses of the current one and puts the heeds of the people first. It should be such a radical system that that none like it has been seen before and one that permits only federal funding of federal level elections; even self-funding would not be permitted and should be one in which political parties serve no purpose so go extinct\t, or nearly so, of their own accord.
I hope that is specific enough. while I do have a couple of ideas worked out, they would take far more than the length of any of Caitlin’s articles and more time than I have available o go into detail.
dan / February 20, 2019
Unfortunately, you failed to mention, through ignorance or deliberate omission, the FACT that our so called “elected representatives” are in reality nothing more or less then highly paid lobbyist whores, who do the bidding of their masters; whose election committees are funded by their masters thru the use of PACS and SUPER PACS, etc., and who are rewarded long after their “public service” has concluded by use of “book and tv deals”, board memberships, employment opportunities in the private sector, investment opportunities, ETC. Of course, the VERY few who “go off the reservation” are dispensed with like JFK, or perhaps Vince “Dumpster” Foster.
The laws on the books PROTECT this parasitic kleptocratic plutocracy as it continues its all but finished takeover of what once was (?) a democratic republic. I could go on….but another migraine is setting in.
Meanwhile, the goyim are, well, just goyim. It’s almost nap time, but let’s talk some more about “social justice warriors” or some such bullshit.
Here is where you all are going the wrong way, led that way actually.
WHO does the US Constitution assign the duty to hold accountable all who serve within our governments – state and federal? Remember that the supreme LAW of this nation is the US Constitution. The highest LAW within each state is it’s Constitution, and the US Constitution is supreme in the areas listed within that document over each state IF that state’s Constitution differs from it, and only in the areas listed in the US Constitution. Then the state Constitution covers everything else that is listed within that document. All else is up to each individual. That is in writing, all you have to do to verify this is read at least the Bill of Rights, and the Preamble to the Bill of Rights.
Clause 15: “To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel invasions.“
This clause is very straightforward also. The militia of each state is entrusted with the defense of the USA and her people, not just with the defense of their state; and they are to be armed with weapons that can repel any invasions bearing modern weapons of war. Congress is required to provide those military grade weapons for the militias in Clause 16.
Clause 16 makes it very clear that the ARMING OF THE MILITIA OF EACH STATE is a LAWFUL duty assigned to the congress that they are REQUIRED to carry out:
Clause 16: “To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress”.
Thomas Jefferson, 1st inaugural, explained that: “a well-disciplined militia” is “our best reliance in peace and for the first moments of war, till regulars may relieve them” and also a guarantee of “the supremacy of the civil over the military authority; [and] economy in the public expense.”
George Washington was smart enough to fiogure out we might get to where we are and that those corrupt who serve within the Congress would no longer carry out thier duty to the Militias of the several states, and he recommended:
“A free people ought not only to be armed, but disciplined; to which end a uniform and well-digested plan is requisite; and their safety and interest require that they should promote such manufactories as tend to render them independent of others for essential, particularly military, supplies.”
Samuel Adams: “Under every government the last resort of the people, is an appeal to the sword; whether to defend themselves against the open attacks of a foreign enemy, or to check the insidious encroachments of domestic foes. Whenever a people … entrust the defence of their country to a regular, standing army, composed of mercenaries, the power of that country will remain under the direction of the most wealthy citizens.” and he also said: “It is always dangerous to the liberties of the people to have an army stationed among them, over which they have no control … The Militia is composed of free Citizens. There is therefore no danger of their making use of their Power to the destruction of their own Rights, or suffering others to invade them..”
Each state’s Militia is made up of “We the People” protecting our own interests, homes, states, nation, and enforcing our governments. The Militia has as its constitutionally assigned duties to:
• Enforce the US Constitution and each state’s Constitution,
• Enforce and keep the “Laws of the Union” (which are constitutional laws ONLY),
• Protect the country against all enemies both domestic and foreign, and
• “to suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions”.
Richard Henry Lee: “A militia, when properly formed, are in fact the people themselves …”
George Mason, Co-author of the Second Amendment: “I ask, Sir, what is the militia? It is the whole people except for a few public officials. To disarm the people is the best and most effectual way to enslave them.”
Are you aware that the various founders even defined what LAW is here in the USA?
Congress was created to be mostly a “law making institution” What is legislative power? The founders had a very concrete idea of what they meant by “legislative powers”.
Alexander Hamilton, Fed 5: “The essence of the legislative authority is to enact laws. Or, in other words, to prescribe rules for the regulation of society.”
Law is a rule for the regulation of society.
Madison, Fed 62: “Law is to be defined to be a rule of action.”
Law tells us how we are supposed to act [in society].
Massachusetts “Essex Resolve”: “Law is about prescribing such action to every individual in the state to be conformed by him in his conduct.”
A Law is to tell us how we are to order ourselves within civil society.
James Madison, “Vices of the Political System of the United States”: “Laws are necessary to mark with precision the duties of those who are to obey them, and to take from those who are to administer them a discretion that might be abused.”
Law tells us how we are to conduct ourselves, but it also places limitations upon those who serve within our governments. If a law is sufficiently clear it not only issues commands to citizens, but it imposes limitations on judges, on law enforcement officials, on all of the other officers of the government. They are constrained to enforce the law on the terms that Congress has written. A good law is something a citizen can look at and know what it means, and see it clearly.
The founders drew from the natural law, the enlightened thinkers, and from the classical thinkers who talked about these same subjects. Law must be known, and it must be fixed. It must not be so complicated, voluminous,
Samual Popendorg: “The legislative power is the power of obliging, of imposing an intrinsic necessity, and the power of forcing by the proposal of punishment, compelling the observation of law so this is properly in the legislature.”
How does reason make its way into the Law? The difference between civil law (law created by human beings) and natural law (laws of nature and nature’s God). The Law of Nature is a critical concept in the political philosophy of the founders. It is found in the Declaration of Independence which references the Laws of Nature (through reason alone) and Nature’s God (revelation, bible, Jesus Christ). This was a concept that said that the Divine Law can be understood by reason and revelation – two paths of understanding the Laws of God.
Alexander Hamilton: “The natural law, that part of the Law that God that reason can allow us the ability to understand through rational faculties that he gave us. This is a law that is higher then human law, the laws of nature and nature’s God they are a standard for evaluating all human law. Any law that is going to claim to be just is because it is consistent with the laws of nature and nature’s God, and they just because they are consistent with the Laws of nature and Nature’s God. If that law is inconsistent with the laws of nature and natures God then it is by definition unjust.”
Legislators are to put forth a common, shared, broadly accepted interpretation of what the laws of nature and nature’s God mean. Something we can agree on and agree to live under. It forms the vital link between the general concepts of the laws of nature and Nature’s God like Life, Liberty, Property, the Pursuit of Happiness, Liberty of Conscious. It forges that link between those generalities in natural law and specific behavior. They provide the means of application of a particular law to certain circumstances. The creators of our governments did not want the Congress to just keep making up laws. The framers wanted those who serve within our Congresses to take their time, to discuss/argue/debate, negotiate/take into consideration as many divergent views as possible over whatever laws was being presented. They are supposed to be slow, and educated in American values, plus in Natural Rights/Inherited Rights that they were put into position to PROTECT and DEFEND with Law (and not all of Natural Rights/Inhereited Rights are listed, but are required to be also protected by those who serve within our governments).
Alexander Hamilton: “In the legislature promptitude of decision is oftener an evil then a benefit. The differences of opinion, the jarring of parties, in that department of the government, though they may sometimes obstruct salutary claims, often promote circumstantion, ”
The framers knew that the powers of government were different, and so they designed type of government as a “Separation of Powers” Constitutional Republic, thus keeping the different powers of government in separate hands and (supposed to be) separated within the two different types of governments where each type of government – state and federal, plus each branch within those two different governments, was [each] delegated different powers that are described in their entirety in writing within the US Constitution and within each state’s Constitution. America’s Founders created a form of government which had, in the words of James Madison, “no model on the face of the earth.” Its moral foundation is in the Declaration of Independence and its principle of equal natural rights. Under the US Constitution, government was to be limited to protecting those rights.
Vincent Renaud / February 18, 2019
I’m willing to translate in a French version this story, one that would be true to the heart of this amazing text. Can I offer you that, on a voluntary basis? Just text me back, I would not do it without your approval. Thank you for your consideration.
Cora Brigg / February 18, 2019
Nice tweaking of the old “Everything You Know Is Wrong” trope – public education is a mere propaganda machine, useful until the idiots – er, I mean CITIZENS – can be effectively brainwashed by the media. Sad to see how few peasants have critical thinking skills…
Worse yet is to see how many have the critical thinking skills, but nether want nor think to use them.
The antiwar movements of the past and present will change nothing because they fail(ed) to identify what’s really wrong with whatever you want to call the US’s economic system – first, that it is a system in which the vast majority of wealth and large-scale capital equipment is owned / controlled by a minuscule percentage of the population for their own astronomical profit; and, second, that it is a war-based system that is politically AND economically addicted to perpetual war.
To understand just exactly WHAT I mean by “politically addicted”, go to http://www.governmentcontractswon.com/
and see that in 2017, “private” businesses in the state of Virgina (population 8.4 million) were awarded 61,576 contracts worth $43.1 BILLION and that there are 17,165 “private” DoD contractors in Virginia, and that from 2000 to 2017 “private” DoD contractors in Virginia were awarded over $683.5 billion for 619,034 contracts.
Therefore, no majority of voters in Virginia is EVER, and I do mean EVER, going to vote for a candidate who promises to destroy Virginia’s war-based economy and destroy many good-paying jobs.
Virginia is not alone in the war business. Check out what “private” DoD contractors in other states such as California receive annually. It’s mind boggling.
Therefore, the US will NEVER, and I do mean NEVER, be politically capable of changing it’s “foreign policy” unless and until, once again with feeling, Virginians (Americans) are given an alternative to their present “war way” of making a living and no D or R candidate is spelling out in a detailed way such an alternative.
Americans’ choice is simple. Either somehow organize / design a peace-based economy, and that right soon, or suffer nuclear devastation.
How can the US war-based economy EVER be “transitioned” to one based upon peaceful relations with the rest of the world when the present choice voters have is either “war and a job” or “peace and no job”? We, the People need a very detailed, practical plan, not politically-impossible hypotheticals.
The Fed/government are NOT going to change their policy of funding the US’s wars of aggression using fiat dollars and going ever-deeper into debt because what the Fed is doing is the one and only way to keep the US’s perpetual wars going. Perpetual wars and fiat dollars go hand in hand!. It is those wars that are the sole political justification for all of those DoD contracts that are flowing out of Washington into those “private” contractors’ and their voter/employees’ bank accounts all over the country. Just exactly HOW do we break that vicious cycle?
Again, candidates for public office have to present a precise, detailed plan to use the present DoD contract system and contractors, which is already in existence as detailed on the above link, to award contracts for the implements of peace instead of war – bullet-trains instead of bullets, etc. . “Nobody’s going to lose their job because of peace!!” will be those antiwar candidates’ campaign slogan.
Yes, the US government debt will increase just as is it now, but the expenditures will directly, immediately improve the lives of Americans on Main Street, not just those of investors on Wall Street.
This is the one and only politcally-acceptable way to save America. And you got to read it only on Caitlin and Tim’s web site.
inforebelscum / February 19, 2019
Ish, so what do you propose as a precise, detailed plan?
IRS, for the present moment, at least the number of voters who voted for Agent Orange have to somehow be enticed into voting for an anti-war candidate for POTUS and a majority of anti-war candidates running for seats in the legislative branch.
Again, the question is just exactly how to “entice” voters all across the 50 United In Warfare States Of America, who make their living in the MIC or its spin-offs (as described so well by Matthew Hoh), into voting for these anti-war candidates? THAT is THE question, not whether “to be or not to be”. If those candidates can not be elected, the US, and perhaps all the other nations of the world, are not going “to be” for much longer.
Again, to entice those MIC etc. voters, those anti-war candidates are going to have to promise that if they are elected they are going to MAINTAIN the present DoD contract system, so that these millions of voters WILL NOT lose their jobs; but their jobs will be to produce all the great things that will improve the lives of all their fellow citizens. And by “improve” I mean that instead of making military aircraft that will in a few years end up sitting in a boneyard, they will make, for just one example, wind turbines, solar panels, bullet trains, etc. The sevices or electric power from these devices would not be “free”, just as the weapon systems are not free. But which would millions of voters enjoy more, the benefit they receive from weapon systems, or electric power, a trip across the country in an electric-powered bullet train, etc.? How would millions of voters feel about the US becoming energy independent in very few years of spending under a slightly-altered DoD contract system?
If I were an anti-war candidate, I would point out to millions of voters creating another “Liberty Ship” program (again, under the existing DoD contract system). Liberty Ships were the workhorses of World War II. They were built in 13 states by 15 companies in 18 shipyards. The first of 2,710 Liberty ships, the SS Patrick Henry, was launched in September 1941, after 150 days of construction. (The shipyard was built at the same time as the ship.) Under this highly automated ship-building system, the SS Robert E. Peary liberty ship was built in 4 Days 15 Hours 29 Minutes.
These were not small boats, not by a long shot.
Displacement: 14,245 long tons (14,474 t)[2]
Length: 441 ft 6 in (134.57 m)
Beam: 56 ft 10.75 in (17.3 m)
Draft: 27 ft 9.25 in (8.5 m)
Propulsion: Two oil-fired boilers; triple-expansion steam engine; single screw, 2,500 hp (1,900 kW)
Range: 20,000 nmi (37,000 km; 23,000 mi)
Capacity: 10,856 t (10,685 long tons)
Again, in just a few years of assembly-line development, one of these vessels was assembled in 4 Days 15 Hours 29 Minutes. Imagine such an assembly line system for relatively simple wind turbines, bullet trains, vehicles of all types, etc.
So, again, this is what anti-war candidates have to promise those millions of voters in the MIC in order to capture their votes. THIS is precisely what Gabbard and other anti-war candidates have to start promising TODAY, not 6 months down the road. If she were to do this, she would start a firestorm of a debate, which is precisely what is needed to shake up the present arrangement.
Again, unless anti-war candiates do this, they will not be elected and the US MIC’s perpetual wars will go on until the nukes start dropping. This is the one and the only way that humanity has a future.
Stephen Sivonda / February 21, 2019
Ish , I am impressed by both of your statements . Your reply to that challenge about how to do all you mentioned in your first statement was superb. it shows that you’ve given a lot of thought to alternatives to a VERY expensive war machine. I’ve thought about the How -to’s also and see it this way. Pearl Harbor – FDR declares war – very quickly every aspect of our manufacturing industries are changed over to making planes ,tanks , ships , and any other manner of items necessary to WIN the WW2. War ends in 1945 and the war machine starts to wind down. This is like driving at high speed for several hours and then taking an exit off the interstate at some small town to gas up and get a bite to eat at a diner. My point is ….we can do it. Much like all the things you mention . Fact – the defense share of the US budget has gone up 40% since 9/11. You have to reverse that by reasonable %’s each year . Like right now…we don’t need 2 NEW Carriers for the USN .What we really need is getting the tax code back to what we had in the 60’s….when the rich and corporations paid a reasonable fair share . But I digress …. You spoke of many of the alternatives to war. War is a negative….all waste and destruction . Benefits only the rich and banks. Peace is a positive….work and building for the benefit of all. Lastly, I’m 75 yo and have only become aware of this rigged game in the last 8 years or so. Over 10 years back my nephew was a 2nd LT. in Iraq finishes his 3 rd. enlistment and gets out . We had been sending him care packages periodically while he was over there and had emailed a bit . So he’s out but still conversing with various friends,also vets, that served with him or where still in the Army. Only now on F/B…and I was his friend . So I got to see a lot of his F/B traffic.and occasionally would add a comment to what they were discussing. At one point ,a friend of my nephew asked about who was I. I see the answer – “Oh, that’s my old weird Uncle” I guess it was a few weeks later that there was some discussion with several of them and while i can’t recall exactly what they were saying, my response was enough to get me Unfriended. this is what i said…. “American Exceptionalism ” is a myth ! I’ll bet you have no argument with that .
The most lovely thing about the story, Caitlin is that you are not the News Man. In the real world, we were in that situation at least as far back as 1978, when Harry Chapin released as song in his 1978 album. It was titled ‘Flowers Are Red’ and, while it hit number 20 on the Irish top song list, in the U.S., it was virtually ignored except by his followers, who probably only got the superficial message, not the underlying one.
Here is a link to Harry performing Flowers are Red:
wagelaborer / February 18, 2019
Well, that explains the plane crash.
What plane crash? Do you have Chapin confused with someone else? He died when a tractor trailer rode over his car from behind on the Long Island expressway.
moon raccoon / February 18, 2019
“…he was given a Diploma which said, “Johnny thinks all the right thoughts, and he doesn’t think any of the wrong thoughts…””
#loserteachers – Donald Trump Jr. would be proud.
I, on the other hand, have rarely been so disappointed.
chucknobomb / February 18, 2019
Free 2019 Nobel Peace Prize Nominee Julian Assange.
Nina Flannery / February 18, 2019
Where’s the chapter about how Johnny learns Evil Dictator no longer needs Johnny to go to war. He and his ilk can go to hell looking for jobs and doctors. Drones and Special Assassins will serve.
Nina, that is a very good point. “Boots on the ground” are no longer as effective as modern warfare technology and global banksterism are in overthrowing a natural resource rich country.
Rod Coombes / February 18, 2019
And sometimes ‘Johnny Never Came Home’.
Hubert Manfred Reiter / February 18, 2019
Hi Caitlin, lovely story, I enjoyed reading it. Thank you.
Faruque Malik / February 18, 2019
A happy ending of Johnny’s story. But Empires and all cracies, except democracy have met a doomed end, some without even a RIP.
Stephen Sadd / February 18, 2019
Johnny should read this! Australia is NOW a dictatorship!
New Law’s implemented behind our backs! “The End Of Travel As We Know It Has Arrived! United Nations To Control It All! Proof Included!”
John McGhee / February 18, 2019
In Johny’s perfect future world No-one will have to keep filling in little boxes with their names and other information every time they want to say Thank you Caitlin! The only boxes will have either dead Newsmen or flowers in them!
Charles Robinson / February 18, 2019
Ha,ha. Run Johnny run! Not bad.
The first rule of a Republic? Keep your mouth open.
Marc / February 18, 2019
Nice writing, though sad to say Johnny ended up building a power base and becoming a Politician, oops, repeat 🙂
Til Chamkis / February 18, 2019
Which statement is false? Evil dictatorships kill children with poison gas. Kinder democracies kill them with lead. Socialist governments elect candidates who run for office. Capitalist governments anoint strangers who nobody even heard of.
Money is not the root of all evil. Concentrated money is. It is no worse for a handful of people to horde all the air,food, water or wealth. Most people know how easy it is to feed meat to a dog but try to take it back. There is a reason it is called Predatory Capitalism.
The concentration of wealth is reaching a critical mass and all humanity is about to enter the black hole of extinction.
Forget political reality for it is certain death. Any thing is possible that does not violate the laws of nature and many interesting things happen in nature at the limits: Very small, very large and very fast. We need to explore the limits.
Til, “Money is not the root of all evil. Concentrated money is.”
Disagree. Money, concentrated or not, is not the problem. Power is the problem. And the more it is concentrated (centralized) the more evil it becomes. History teaches us this but there are always those busy bodies/power lusting psychos who refuse to learn the lesson.
LSJohn / February 18, 2019
Well done, but you misspelled Freedumbocracy, and you missed a really good chance to drive home what a fine aid to clarity having your legs blown off can be.
A little song to help defeat the Evil Dictator (of the day):
Tristan Sykes / February 18, 2019
Beautiful cobber ❤️❤️❤️
Holly C / February 18, 2019
That’s the happiest ending I’ve heard in a long time.
Tristan / February 18, 2019
WillD / February 18, 2019
Great story Cailtin. I like the children’s format – distilling it down into the key points. It is exactly as you tell it – it’s really that simple yet so many people still refuse to believe what is right under their noses, happening every minute of the day.
In my view, the key to helping people see the reality, is to give them something, an alternative, to latch onto. Otherwise it becomes too hard for them to accept the truth – but have nowhere to turn to, so they end up feeling helpless and frustrated, which leads to apathy, cynicism and inaction..
Then, when they are faced with the ghastly truth, they can grab onto a solution that addresses the problems. Just as in the USA, at the moment, the Democrats are pushing the Green New Deal as an alternative, a solution – and it seems to be working.
Willd, the New Green Deal is the exact opposite of a solution. The congresschild’s scheme gives TPTB even more power and control. She’s either being handled by TPTB or she is a twit. Or a little of column A and a little of column B…
JRGJRG / February 18, 2019
Caitlin, some weeks I think you should just take a break and rest up.
Sam Linder / February 18, 2019
Great story. At 75, I wonder if I’ll live long enough to see it come true. Sigh……
Government That Tortures Journalists Bans RT From Media Conference
“Good Guys” And “Bad Guys” Are A Hollywood Illusion
Narrative Management = Reality Management
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Know About Jeff Glor; Wife, Salary, Family, Net Worth, CBS News, Age
American journalist Jeff Glor is widely-renowned as the anchor and managing editor of the CBS Evening News. While in the network, the analytical reporter has been able to pocket quite a commanding net worth.
Jeff Glor’s command on TV triggered the audiences to consider him as an inspirational figure in journalism. The amount of success he has conceived during his long-haul media career remains known to most of his fans and followers. However, his off-screen whereabouts could be a mystery to many.
Short Bio: Age, Family, Education
Jeff Glor, age 43, was born as Jeffrey T. Glor on 12 July 1975, in Buffalo, New York, U.S. He was close to his family and received a great amount of support and care from them. Jeff, who has a white ethnicity, was interested in media from an early age.
Speaking about his education, Jeff attended Kenmore East High School, a public high school in his hometown of Tonawanda. Later on, he received a double degree in Journalism and Economics from Syracuse University in 1997. Subsequently, he ringed his professional media career.
Career In Media
Jeff commenced media career working as the morning news anchor on WSTM-TV in 1997. Later on, he was promoted as a co-anchor of WSTM-TV Syracuse’s 5 p.m. newscast and a reporter for the 11 p.p. newscast. In his six-year stint at WSTM, Jeff was honored as the Best Male News Anchor by Syracuse New Times.
Jeff began to work with CBS News back in 2007. In the initial years, he reported The Early Show, but in 2009, he began anchoring CBS Evening News (the Saturday edition). With the years ahead, Jeff achieved new heights with his excellence in the work.
Jeff Glor reporting on CBS Evening News (Picture: Page Six)
On 25 October 2017, CBS announced that Jeff would be permanently serving as the anchor of CBS Evening News. Besides, he became the permanent weekday anchor of CBS Evening News on 4 December 2017.
From CBS: Know About Alex Wagner; CBS, Husband, Baby, Family, Salary
Salary And Net Worth
It is obvious that Jeff Glor has marked a great impression in the world of media. His astonishing analytical skill not only boosts his outstanding fame but also earns him a riveting salary. As per the reports, Jeff Glor’s Net Worth dwells above $3 million.
Besides, the reports from payscale suggest that the average salary of a CBS news reporter touched the figure of $66000 a year. Given his continuous hard work and dedication towards the network, Jeff certainly bags more to his name as a worthy bonus.
Married Life With Fitness Instructor Wife
Besides a metamorphic professional rise, the renowned journalist is living a blissful married life with his long-haul wife, Nicole Glor. Nicole is a fitness instructor and a former college cheerleader.
Jeff and Nicole met for the first time when they both shared the same University at Syracuse. After the formal meet up and hangouts, the pair became irresistible to one another. Soon enough, they started dating and shared the marriage vows in April 2003.
Jeff Glor celebrates 16th anniversary with wife Nicole Glab on 12 April 2019 (Picture: Jeff’s Instagram)
The couple started the new family for themselves and is now residing at Connecticut co-parenting two beautiful kids: a son named Jack (born on 27 November 2009) and a daughter named Victoria (born in June 2015).
More From CBS News: Know About Margaret Brennan; CBS, Husband, Baby, Net Worth
Some Interesting Facts About Jeff Glor
While at Syracuse, Jeff received the Henry J. Wolff prize, given to the Newhouse student most proficient in journalism.
He bagged an Emmy for the report on CBS Sunday Morning show in 2011.
Jeff is a fan of NFL side Buffalo Bills.
Previous PostPrevious Know About Savannah Guthrie; NBC, Age, Husband, Kids, Salary, Height
Next PostNext Know About Martha MacCallum; Age, Husband, Children, Net Worth, House
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Rail strike on after talks falter
Strike action on some of the busiest railway lines into London has begun after talks failed between unions and National Express.
It is the third 48-hour strike to affect trains between London and Essex, Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire,
A spokesman for Aslef said the union's executive had also decided to call a full week of strike action next month.
The action is by members of Aslef, the RMT union and the Transport Salaried Staffs' Association (TSSA).
It started at 0001 Thursday and will end at 2359 BST on Friday.
National Express East Anglia said "most services will not run" adding that any trains which did run were expected to be "extremely busy".
The dispute is over pay and condition.
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1Frame4Nature | Esther Horvath
Flying over northern Greenland with Polar 6 research aircraft by Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research. During the three week campaign in 2016, the team flew a total of fifty hours from the Danish military base Station Nord in Greenland to direction the North Pole reaching 88th degree latitude.
Each individual can bring important help by adopting a more responsible lifestyle: starting from little, everyday things. It’s the only reasonable way to save our planet, before it is too late.
–1Frame4Nature is a collection of images and stories from around the globe of your personal connection to nature. However small, when combined with the actions of others, your individual actions can impact real and tangible outcomes for the preservation of our planet. Submit your story now!
Polar 6 research aircraft flies at an altitude of 70 meters while pulling the “torpedo” housing ice thickness measurement equipment called “EM Bird” at an altitude of 15 meters. The Alfred Wegener Institute is the only institute in the world providing an airplane-based ice thickness study producing highly accurate ice thickness data and related information to the changing conditions in the Arctic.
iLCP Fellow Esther Horvath‘s 1Frame4Nature: Changing Arctic Ocean
“During the survey, please discuss only necessary issues though the headphones” requested Dr. Thomas Krumpen before taking off in the DC3 aircraft from Station Nord heading in the direction of the Nord Pole. In order to cover longer distances, the airplane had no soundproofing and therefore headphones were needed. The request was important because during the daily 6 hour flight, the aircraft would fly at an altitude of just 200 feet / 70 meters while pulling a torpedo-shaped ice thickness measurement device called “EM Bird” at an altitude of 15 meters. Such an expedition demands a high level of concentration along with having an experienced pilot.
Dr. Thomas Krumpen and Manuel Sellmann of Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research discuss the results of the thickness measurements. Findings from the campaign revealed surprisingly low thickness measurements. Since 2010, the ice thickness has reduced by 42%, due to both rising air and rising sea temperatures.
Deploying the EM Bird for ice thickness measurement over the Arctic Ocean.
The Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) is the only institute in the world providing an airplane-based ice thickness study producing highly accurate ice thickness data.
The mission aboard the 1942 DC3 aircraft is aimed at measuring ice thickness and changes in the Arctic Ocean. Lead scientist, Dr. Thomas Krumpen, has been overseeing the campaign called TIFAX since 2010, covering the same polar region, including Fram Streight and above Northern Greenland towards Nord Pole each year in July -August. During the three weeks campaign in 2016, the team flew a total of fifty hours during 10 survey flights, surveying 2300 miles/3700 km of ice surface. Findings from the campaign revealed surprisingly low summer ice thickness measurements. Since 2010, the Arctic summer ice thickness has reduced by 42%, presumably due to both rising atmospheric and sea temperatures.
Dr. Thomas Krumpen TIFAX lead scientist of Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, starts to process data during ice thickness survey over Arctic Ocean.
The average atmospheric temperature in the Arctic region is growing twice as fast compared to other parts of the world. With continual increasing temperatures being measured in the Arctic Ocean, ice thickness is rapidly decreasing.
I believe these research findings can motivate us to make positive changes through daily and long-term choices. We can support the Paris Agreement on a personal level by working to hold the global average temperature below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels.
Melting glacier in Northern Greenland. View from Polar 6 research aircraft of Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research during the Arctic sea ice thickness measurement campaign.
Choices we can make:
Globally, 14.5% of all greenhouse gas pollution can be attributed to livestock according to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. 65% of livestock industry’s role comes from raising beef and dairy cattle. Reducing global beef consumption is critical to keeping global warming in check.
Personal vehicles are one of the major causes of global warming. Choosing low CO2 or electric cars could reduce the CO2 emissions and slow down the increasing temperatures.
Choosing to walk, ride a bicycle or taking public transportation, are healthier choices for the planet.
Air conditioners are contributing to the rise in temperature as they emit hot air. Presently, the U.S. uses more energy to keep cool than all other countries combined. Reducing dependence on air conditioners would positively effect the increasing temperatures globally.
Each individual can bring an important help adopting a more responsible lifestyle: starting from little, everyday things. It’s the only reasonable way to save our planet, before it is too late.
Polar 6 research airplane of Alfred Wegener Institute. for Polar and Marine research flies over the Arctic Ocean during ice thickness measurement campaign.
This article is brought to you by the 1Frame4Nature Campaign. Share a picture and story on Instagram with the hashtag #1Frame4Nature, of your personal connection to nature and tell us what action you’ve taken on behalf of our planet.
More stories from 1Frame4Nature
Tags international league of conservation photographers
The mission of the International League of Conservation Photographers (iLCP) is to further environmental and cultural conservation through photography. iLCP is a Fellowship of more than 100 photographers from all around the globe. As a project based organization, iLCP coordinates Conservation Photography Expeditions to get world-renowned photographers in the field teamed with scientists, writers, videographers and conservation groups to gather visual assets that are used to create conservation communications campaigns to foment conservation successes. iLCP is a 501 (c) (3) organization. Support our work at this link.
Experts say marine protected areas are great but could be better with more staff and funding
Kittens-Sighting Is a Big Leap for Florida Panther Conservation
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What Is General Data Protection Regulation?
Issuing of GDPR
On 25 May 2018, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will go into effect for the purpose of protecting people’s privacy and regulating how their data being exploited. GDPR will have a huge impact on both business and people’s social life.
By unifying regulation, GDRP helps EU residents with the control right of their personal data and to help simplify international business’s regulatory environment. It is not a directive but a law and must be applied within EU countries.
Impact of GDPR
GDPR could simplify things for some companies on one hand; however, on the other hand, it causes big trouble for some other companies. For instance, a business can obtain a service “passport” within the region and companies are free from jurisdictional data-protection issues. But companies from outside the EU may be caught by a massive headache for there will be financial implications attached.
Changes appear along with the regulation. Companies may receive up to €20 million’s fine or loss of 4% of its global turnover if they fail to comply with GDPR. As for citizens, they will be entitled great right of their personal data, for example, companies have to obtain citizens’ consent if they want to collect or use citizens’ data.
What digitally-inclined companies have to do now
Obtaining and utilizing people’s personal data can never be easy. At present, outfits like the data-hucksters, trackers, data-auctioneers and ad-targeting firms can reach the outside of data protection laws. Without user’s consent, these outfits will face new problems caused by the GDPR, while websites, social media, and Google will not.
For these companies, it will be like a tsunami. It’s almost impossible to obtain user ’s permission. News goes that from May 2018, tracking internet users must have to be permitted by users even if this software has to pop them up. Without any doubt, no one will be pleased to be informed that he/she is going to be monitored. Most users are likely to give this software up, thus leading to the collapse these companies. Although escape from penalties, these companies will still face the pressure by the public who demanded to delete their information. As for those companies from the UK, they can never treat the GDPR lightly, because it works even if there is Brexit.
Right now, GDPR stands for the victory of personal information security and may lead a new trend in this field. But former beneficiaries will not await their doom. They have to figure out some strategies to turn the scale. What will they adopt remain unknown, we’ll wait and see. We believe that VPN Service will stand out to help.
What Is VPN Tunnels?
How to Protect Your Online Data
One thought on “What Is General Data Protection Regulation?”
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Isolated measles outbreak has Indiana officials on alert
FYI, just in case you live in Indiana, have relatives there, or are planning to visit there.
From Reuters.com
State Health Commissioner Dr. Gregory Larkin said his department had dispatched workers to seven nearby counties in northern Indiana to identify any additional cases of the highly contagious disease and to prevent its spread.
The workers have also been given additional doses of the measles vaccine. Individuals who have been exposed to an infected person can obtain the vaccine at no cost, according to a statement released by Larkin’s office.
The article does not go into why there have been these outbreaks. Can you say Illegal Aliens from across the globe and third world hell holes? Being an RN I know that this disease can be more serious for adults than children. Especially pregnant women and women of child bearing age. That is why we wiped it out. And I know there is a movement to not have children vaccinated and I know the pros and cons of that movement, but that will be for a different article. When I was growing up, our parents would just let us get all of these childhood diseases so we would build up our own immunity.
Technorati Tags: health, medicine, RN, news, Illegal Immigration, measles vaccine, poltics, Indiana, children
Posted on June 23, 2011 June 23, 2011 by Brian BonnerPosted in Education, Europe, Health, History, Illegal Immigration, Mexico, News, Science, The Middle East, U.S. History, U.S. News and Politics, World News & PoliticsLeave a comment
Mobs Attack 2 Men In Streeterville
These were not just “mobs” as the title of this article suggests. These were “flash mobs”, “useful idiots”. But these “useful idiots” were very very dangerous. This is no laughing matter folks.
From chicago.cbslocal.com
Police said at least two people were attacked by criminal “flash mobs” in the Streeterville neighborhood on Saturday night.
The first attack happened around 8:25 p.m. Saturday when a man was attacked after parking his motor scooter near the Northwestern University campus in Streeterville.
The man had parked on the 300 block of East Chicago Avenue across the street from Wieboldt Hall when a group of 15 to 20 men, all approximately 16 to 20 years old and black, approached him, according to an alert from the university.
A few minutes after that attack, man riding his bicycle on the lakefront path at 701 N. Lake Shore Dr. was attacked by a group of teenagers, who punched and kicked him and stole his cell phone, sources told WBBM Newsradio 780.
Brian is really concerned about these “flash mobs” and mentions them constantly on our Radio show. I think these attacks are just like the scene from Jurassic Park, when the dinosaurs were testing the fences to see how vulnerable they were. Scary stuff folks, scary stuff.
Technorati Tags: flash mobs, news, The Uncooperative Radio Show, politics.University, Facebook, high school, Jurassic Park
Posted on June 6, 2011 June 6, 2011 by Brian BonnerPosted in Crime, Democrats, Education, Law Enforcement, News, Radio Show, The Left, The Media, The Uncooperative Radio Show!, U.S. News and Politics, World News & PoliticsLeave a comment
Titled Washington’s Birthday, a federal holiday honoring George Washington was originally implemented by an Act of Congress in 1880 for government offices in the District of Columbia (20 Stat. 277) and expanded in 1885 to include all federal offices (23 Stat. 516). As the first federal holiday to honor an American citizen, the holiday was celebrated on Washington’s actual birthday, February 22.[1] On January 1, 1971, the federal holiday was shifted to the third Monday in February by the Uniform Monday Holiday Act.[2] This date places it between February 15 and 21, which makes the name “Washington’s Birthday” in some sense a misnomer, since it never lands on Washington’s actual birthday, February 22.
The first attempt to create a Presidents Day occurred in 1951 when the “President’s Day National Committee” was formed by Harold Stonebridge Fischer of Compton, California, who became its National Executive Director for the next two decades. The purpose was not to honor any particular President, but to honor the office of the Presidency. It was first thought that March 4, the original inauguration day, should be deemed Presidents Day. However, the bill recognizing the March 4th date was stalled in the Senate Judiciary Committee (which had authority over national holidays). That committee felt that, because of its proximity to Lincoln’s and Washington Birthdays, three holidays so close together would be unduly burdensome. During this time, however, the Governors of a majority of the individual states issued proclamations declaring March 4 to be Presidents’ Day in their respective jurisdictions.
An early draft of the Uniform Monday Holiday Act would have renamed the holiday to “Presidents’ Day” to honor the birthdays of both Washington and Lincoln, which would explain why the chosen date falls between the two, but this proposal failed in committee and the bill as voted on and signed into law on 28 June 1968, kept the name Washington’s Birthday.
By the mid-1980s, with a push from advertisers, the term “Presidents’ Day” began its public appearance.[3] Although Lincoln’s birthday, February 12, was never a federal holiday, approximately a dozen state governments have officially renamed their Washington’s Birthday observances as “Presidents’ Day”, “Washington and Lincoln Day”, or other such designations. However, “Presidents’ Day” is not always an all-inclusive term.
The story of the Birth of George Washington; from nps.gov
In 1657, an English merchant ship sailed up the Potomac River, anchored in Mattox Creek, and took on a cargo of tobacco. With her new load, the ship ran aground on a shoal and sank. During the delay, a young officer, John Washington, great-grandfather of the future president, befriended the family of Colonel Nathaniel Pope, especially his daughter Anne. When the ship was ready to set sail John stayed behind to marry Anne, thus beginning the Washington family legacy in the New World. The bride’s father gave the newlyweds a wedding gift of 700 acres of land on Mattox Creek four miles to the east. John Washington eventually expanded his land holdings to 10,000 acres. In 1664, he moved his family to a property on Bridges Creek, within the boundaries of today’s George Washington Birthplace National Monument. His son Lawrence, born in 1659, inherited the bulk of his father’s estate. His son Augustine, born in 1694, inherited some property from his father and acquired more, including an iron furnace near Fredericksburg and a substantial plantation on Pope’s Creek. Augustine found a small house on the Popes Creek property and began expanding it into a middle-sized plantation manor house. It was here that George Washington, the first son of his second marriage, was born on February 22, 1732. This is where young George lived until 1735, when his father moved the family to his Little Hunting Creek Plantation, the land that would eventually be renamed Mount Vernon. In 1738, the family moved again, to Ferry Farm near Fredericksburg.
And now the story of Abraham Lincolns birth; from suite 101.com
Samuel Lincoln came to Hingham Massachusetts from England in 1637. The Lincoln descendants moved to New Jersey, then Pennsylvania, and finally in 1768 John Lincoln (Abraham’s great grandfather) and his family of ten settled in Virginia. In 1782 John’s son Abraham, his wife Bersheba, and their five children headed for Kentucky. It is believed that their family friend, Daniel Boone, who had pioneered the first trail into this region only seven years earlier, encouraged the Lincolns to settle the area. In 1786, as Abraham and his boys were planting the fields, Indians attacked and Abraham was killed. [Abraham’s grave bears the name “Abraham Linkhorn”; there is debate over whether the spelling is a mistake, or if the Lincolns did indeed begin as Linkhorns, changing their name along the way.] The Lincolns then moved to present day Washington County and then Hardin County in 1803, where son Thomas (our future president’s father) married Nancy Hanks in 1806, and in 1807 they had their first child, Sarah. Nancy Hanks was born in Virginia; after her father James’ death, Nancy’s mother, Lucy Shipley Hanks, moved them to Kentucky to live with her sister and brother-in-law Rachel and Richard Berry. Lucy later remarried, leaving Nancy with the Berrys until her wedding with Thomas.
In 1808, Thomas, Nancy and Sarah Lincoln moved to 348 acre Sinking Springs Farm on Nolin Creek near Hodgenville, Kentucky, for which they paid $200. It was here on February 12, 1809 that Abraham Lincoln, the seventh generation of his family in America, was born, making him the first president born outside the thirteen original colonies in America. The Lincolns were forced off the farm in 1811 due to a property ownership dispute, when they moved ten miles northeast to Knob Creek Kentucky. Today a memorial stands at Lincoln’s birthplace. President Theodore Roosevelt layed the cornerstone in 1909, and President Taft dedicated it in 1911. Its 56 granite steps represent the 56 years of Abraham Lincoln’s life, and inside is a cabin representative of Lincoln’s (although not his, it was built locally in the 1840s, then disassembled and moved inside the memorial building). The memorial receives about 200,000 visitors a year.
Posted on February 21, 2011 February 21, 2011 by Brian BonnerPosted in Constitution, Education, History, Holidays, memorials, News, U.S. History, U.S. News and Politics, White House1 Comment
Plastic pellet incident at Va. school ends in expulsion, assault charges
Do you know what gun free zones are folks? That’s correct. They are shooting galleries. Now, was this a stupid thing to do, yes, should he get punished, yes. But for goodness sake, have him wash the windows in the gym for a month or clean bathrooms in the school. Oh, wait, can’t do that, the school union workers would have a cow. Ok, detention then. Wait, do they even have detention in school’s anymore?
From the washingtonpost.com
Andrew Mikel II admits it was a stupid thing to do. In December, bored and craving attention, the 14-year-old used a plastic tube to blow small plastic pellets at fellow students in Spotsylvania High School. In one lunch period, he scored three hits.”They flinched. They looked annoyed,” Mikel said.
The school district saw it as more than a childish prank. School officials expelled him for possession and use of a weapon, and they called a deputy sheriff to the scene, said Mikel and his father, Andrew Mikel Sr.
The younger Mikel, a freshman, said he was charged with three counts of misdemeanor assault. The case was first reported by the Web site WorldNetDaily.
Technorati Tags: Virginia, Spotsylvania High School, guns, school board, news, weapons, WorldNetDaily, misdemeanor assault, law enforcement
Posted on February 15, 2011 February 15, 2011 by Brian BonnerPosted in Education, Law Enforcement, News, Property Tax, Public Schools, Taxes, U.S. News and PoliticsLeave a comment
I feel sorry for the United States; By Susan Frances Bonner
I feel sorry that as a nation of such diverse and hardy people we only have two political parties to represent us. It proves we are not strong enough to stand up to what we believe in. That was the first step towards relinquishing our freedom.
I feel sorry that our leaders are dividing us by lines of race, religion, and income. We’re all in this together.
I feel sorry that after the attack on NY, the pentagon, and the bravery of the United States citizens in Pennsylvania; nationalism, sovereign citizen, patriotism, and God are dirty words.
I feel sorry that in a land so rich with resources, we cannot rely on each other, or ourselves to live day to day.
I feel sorry that we must be blamed for every nation’s mistakes and problems; the price of bringing freedom to the world is indeed high.
I feel sorry that we can’t come to terms, that no matter how much we talk, tolerate and help another nation, they still hate and want to destroy every person in our country.
I feel sorry that the concept of national and personal defense; which was the basis for our constitution and bill of rights, has become the most controversial and questioned issue of these times.
I feel sorry that the liberals of our country cannot tell every one of their real agenda; to merge us into a one world order. I hate to break it to them, but the Vulcans are not going to rescue us.
I feel sorry that our children are being brought up by either the government, TV, or the local drug dealer. And parents are too busy to care.
I feel sorry that the break down of our families is the fault of our women, who never realized how important they were, behind it all, keeping us all together.
And I truly feel sorry that those fateful words of Benjamin Franklin now sound so ominous… “We’ve given you a Republic; let’s see if you can keep it.”
Technorati Tags: United States of American, Benjamin Franklin, founding fathers, constitution, government corruption, TV, politics, Bill of Rights, liberals
Posted on January 21, 2011 January 21, 2011 by Brian BonnerPosted in 911, Afghanistan, Congress, Constitution, Corruption, Democrats, Education, Government Spending, History, Islam, memorials, Personal, Republicans, Terrorist Attacks, The Founding Fathers, The Left, The Middle East, U.S. History, U.S. News and Politics, White House, World News & Politics1 Comment
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THE BEST FILMS IN ACTION, DRAMA, HORROR, AND MORE
Zac Efron’s Ted Bundy comes off as a bad-ass sex bomb in new trailer for Extremely Wicked: Watch
Plus, catch a first glimpse of Metallica's James Hetfield as arresting officer Bob Hayward
by Michael Roffman
on January 25, 2019, 12:52pm
Also catch a first glimpse of Metallica's James Hetfield as arresting officer Bob Hayward.
By now, most of you true crime fanatics out there have spent the last day on Netflix (hopefully not alone) bingeing Joe Berlinger’s new docu-series, Conversations with a Killer: The Ted Bundy Tapes. What you probably didn’t know is that the filmmaker is also behind the forthcoming feature film starring Zac Efron as the titular serial killer.
It’s called Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile, and takes a lurid look at Bundy’s crimes through the eyes of his girlfriend Liz (Lily Collins), who continually denied the truth about Bundy for years. Back in November, we caught a first glimpse of Efron as Bundy, and now we have a trailer … that’s interesting to say the least.
In a little over a minute, the rock ‘n’ roll trailer capitalizes on Bundy’s (and Efron’s) good looks, only it curiously attempts to sell the guy as some chummy anti-hero. Lest we forget, those good looks and boyish charms of his are what made him so capable of murdering so many women all those years ago. And lest we forget, this shit actually happened.
Watch the weird Tarantino-esque trailer below and look closely for Metallica singer James Hetfield as arresting officer Bob Hayward. That’s damn fine casting.
In addition to Efron and Collins, the film also stars John Malkovich, Jim Parsons, Haley Joel Osment, Grace Victoria Cox, Kaya Scodelario, Angela Sarafyan, Jeffrey Donovan, Terry Kinney, Dylan Baker, and the aforementioned Hetfield.
Extremely Wicked… is set to have its world premiere this weekend at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival. A wide release date will follow.
Dylan Baker
Grace Victoria Cox
Terry Kinney
Nils Frahm reveals new EP, Encores 2: Stream
Lamb of God’s Mark Morton and Light the Torch announce 2019 co-headlining tour
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Kevin Glew’s Canadian Baseball History Blog
About Kevin Glew
Tag Archives: Penetanguishene
Remembering Canadian big leaguer and war hero Phil Marchildon
November 9, 2012 Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame Connie Mack Penetanguishene Phil Marchildon Philadelphia A's Remembrance Day Royal Canadian Air Force war hero 8 Comments
November 11, 2010 Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame Connie Mack German Penetanguishene Phil Marchildon Philadelphia A's prison camp Remembrance Day Royal Canadian Air Force 2 Comments
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But What Do I Know? . . . Mike Soroka, Jeff Heath, George Selkirk, R.J. Swindle
But What Do I Know? . . . Mike Soroka, Joey Votto, Cal Quantrill, Tony Fernandez
But What Do I Know? . . . Jason Bay, Mike Soroka, Ryan Dempster, Ken MacKenzie
But What Do I Know? . . . Father’s Day/Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame edition
Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame to induct Ash, Bay, Dempster and Thomson on Saturday
But What Do I Know? . . . Josh Naylor, Nick Pivetta, Mike Soroka, Dick Fowler
But What Do I Know? . . . Jim Adduci, James Paxton, Nick Pivetta, Peter Widdrington
But What Do I Know? . . . Cal Quantrill, Josh Naylor, Mike Soroka, Frank Colman
But What Do I Know? . . . Rob Thomson, Mike Soroka, Cal Quantrill, Matt Stairs
Batters Box – Canadian Baseball Blog
Bob Elliott's blog – "Bob's Your Uncle"
Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame
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Past Cooperstowners in Canada Blog Entries Select Month July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010
Book Review But What Do I Know? Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame Earl Weaver Jackie Robinson Montreal Expos Montreal Royals National Baseball Hall of Famers in Canada Obituary Roberto Clemente Toronto Blue Jays Toronto Maple Leafs Uncategorized Whatever happened to ...
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Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine
Location: Dothan, AL
ACOM’s mission is to provide quality, learner-centered osteopathic education, research, and service, while promoting graduate medical education, with emphasis on patient-centered, team-based primary care to serve the medically underserved areas of Alabama, the Tri-State area, and the nation.
The Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine (ACOM), established to help address the physician workforce shortage in the state of Alabama and surrounding region, is Alabama’s first osteopathic medical school and the academic division of a regional facility, Southeast Health.
Dothan, Alabama; Located a few short miles from the state lines of Florida and Georgia, Dothan is a primary gateway to the Gulf’s majestic white sandy beaches, with excellent travel access through daily-scheduled non-stop jet service to Atlanta provided by Delta at the Dothan Regional Airport serving Southeast Alabama, Southwest Georgia, and the Florida Panhandle. Dothan is the center for a recreation, business, fine arts, industry and agriculture, health care, and retail trade area covering a 60-mile radius. As the sixth largest city in the state, Dothan is an economically healthy and growing community built around the landmarks of its past and has become a melting pot known for its friendly atmosphere of southern hospitality.
The Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine (ACOM) is accredited by the Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA). ACOM graduated its inaugural class in May 2017 and obtained full accreditation at that time.
ACOM is an academic division of the Houston County Health Care Authority (Southeast Alabama Medical Center (SAMC) in Dothan, AL.
The ACOM campus is designed to provide the full student experience. The 110,000-square-foot facility is equipped with the latest technology, creating a productive learning environment for students. The auditoria and laboratories are designed to provide increased visibility for each student during learning sessions. The college features a primarily electronic library, and the 5,500 sq. ft. Clinical Competency Center resembles the testing environment students will encounter during the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME) exam. There are study spaces available throughout the facility with 18 specially-designated group rooms located on the third floor. The ACOM Bistro, conveniently located in the student lounge, features a daily selection of salads, sandwiches, and specials. Students, faculty, staff, and visitors can get the latest ACOM merchandise from the gift shop located next to the Bistro. The student lounge provides a perfect space for students to interact and relax between classes. The campus grounds are thoughtfully landscaped with acres of outdoor space for students to explore. The community green provides a great place for studying and relaxing between classes, as well as ample space for student activities and special events. The 5,000 sq. ft. osteopathic principles and practice (OPP) lab is equipped with 46 hydraulic examination tables and an overhead projection system that displays on large monitors. The anatomy lab is equipped with 20 dissection tables, an overhead projection system, and 2 monitors. In November 2016, ACOM opened an 11,000-square-foot Team-Based Learning Center and a 3,823-square-foot Research Center. The TBL Center is ideal for conducting small group activities and events, and is equipped with a digital video wall and projector screens. The Research Center features state-of-art equipment for microscopy, tissue culture, and bench research. In addition, the campus features a newly renovated 3,000-square-foot Simulation Center complete with increased technology for collaborative clinical activities.
ACOM is partnered with Corvias Campus Living to provide on-campus housing options for students. Summerfield Square, an apartment-style community, offers studio, one- and two-bedroom apartments with private bathrooms, ample storage, and spacious floor plans, with amenities including a clubhouse with a fitness center, pool, and fire pit. In addition, Dothan provides an array of affordable housing opportunities for ACOM students within a short distance of the college. Private apartment and townhome complexes with amenities desirable to students and young professionals are conveniently located throughout the area and in neighboring communities.
First-year male: 79
First-year out-of-state:128
Total enrollment affiliate institutions: 0
The ACOM curriculum is a hybrid model utilizing discipline- and system-based delivery. Initially, the curriculum will present core concept knowledge in the traditional discipline-based manner, which includes a full first semester of basic foundational sciences and anatomy with cadaver dissection. Additional pre-clinical instruction is delivered in a systems-based format, concentrating on clinical integration with a patient-centered focus. This curriculum delivery model is complemented by longitudinal instruction in osteopathic principles and practice, high-fidelity patient simulation, and early standardized patient encounters. ACOM’s third- and fourth-year clinical curriculum is delivered throughout the state of Alabama and beyond at community-based hospitals and clinics utilizing a network of physicians with more than 10 years of osteopathic clinical training experience. Students are assigned to a core clerkship site for their clinical training. In addition to the core curriculum, numerous electives will allow students to travel to locations that offer them the opportunity to develop residency training applications for a successful transition to graduate medical education.
DO/MBA
Dual Degree Program with Troy University Dothan
Dual Degree Program with Samford University
DO/MSM
Dual Degree Program with Troy University Dothan to obtain a Master of Science in Management, specializing in Leadership
DO/MSADE
Dual Degree Program with Troy University for ACOM Student Fellows to obtain the Master of Science in Adult Education (Non-Certification Program). Only offered to students accepted into the ACOM Anatomy/OPP Fellowship or Simulation Fellowship
None Offered
Admission to ACOM is competitive and selective. All AACOMAS applications are screened within two weeks of receipt. Qualified candidates are then invited to submit a secondary application.
Any undergraduate major is acceptable, as long as prerequisites are passed and taken for credit at an accredited college or university. Completed applications are reviewed by the admissions staff to evaluate a candidate’s academic ability, knowledge of and commitment to the tenets of osteopathic medicine, experience in health care and human services, community service, professionalism, communication skills, and personal integrity. Competitive applicants are scheduled for an on-campus interview. Through a rolling admissions process, applications are reviewed at regular intervals. Candidates who submit an application early and return all required documents promptly will be at an advantage in the admissions process. In addition to the personal interview, the Admissions Committee considers each applicant’s academic and service history, along with MCAT scores and letters of recommendation. Students will be notified of a decision within approximately two weeks of the interview. ACOM does not discriminate on the basis of age, race, color, sex, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion or creed, national or ethnic origin, or disability in its programs, activities, hiring, or the admission of students.
For timely consideration, applicants should submit their AACOMAS application as early as possible and 4 weeks prior to the latest filing date, as ACOM conducts a rolling admissions process.
First-year class matriculants’ selection factors:
ACOM seeks to recruit and admit students from Alabama and the surrounding regions who are committed to serving the rural and medically underserved areas of the state and region. Although ACOM seeks students from this region, all qualified applicants are considered. Applicants must be U.S. citizens or hold a Permanent Resident Visa. Admission to ACOM is competitive and selective. All AACOMAS applications are screened within two weeks of receipt. Qualified candidates are then invited to submit a secondary application. Any undergraduate major is acceptable, as long as prerequisites are passed and taken for credit at an accredited college or university. Completed applications are reviewed by the admissions staff to evaluate a candidate’s academic ability, knowledge of and commitment to the tenets of osteopathic medicine, experience in healthcare and human services, community service, professionalism, communication skills and personal integrity. Competitive applicants are scheduled for an on-campus interview. ACOM uses a rolling admissions process in which applications are reviewed and Admissions Committee decisions are made at regular intervals during the admissions cycle. Candidates who submit an application early and return all required documents promptly will be at an advantage in the admissions process. In addition to the personal interview, the Admissions Committee considers each applicant’s academic and service history, along with MCAT scores and letters of recommendation. Students will be notified of a decision within approximately two weeks of the interview. ACOM does not discriminate on the basis of age, race, color, sex, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion or creed, national or ethnic origin, or disability in its programs, activities, hiring or the admission of students. This policy applies in recruitment and admission of students, employment of faculty and staff, and scholarship and loan programs. It is followed in the operation of all other programs, activities and services of the College.
Oldest MCAT considered: August 2016
In order to be accepted for a Supplemental Application, candidates must present a competitive science GPA, overall GPA, and MCAT score. Two letters of recommendation are required: a pre-medical advisor or committee (or letters from two science professors who taught the required sciences) on official letterhead with credentials; and letter of recommendation from a physician (DO preferred).
Students receiving AACOMAS waiver are automatically eligible for ACOM waiver.
Screened applicants: MCAT scores and GPA
Supplemental application fee: $50, non-refundable
The interview agenda consists of a full-day program with college and curriculum overviews, an in-depth campus tour and one 30-minute open-file interview with two ACOM faculty members. Candidates will have the opportunity to meet and have lunch with ACOM students on the interview day. Applicant interviews are held from August through April.
Applicants will be requested to submit necessary matriculation documents, including a deposit, according to the following AACOMAS traffic guideline schedule:
Those accepted prior to November 15 will have until December 14
Those accepted between November 15 and January 14 will have 30 days
Those accepted between January 15 and May 14 will have 14 days
Those accepted after May 15 may be asked for an immediate deposit
Maximum time for applicant to accept offer: Submitting the deposit within the relevant dates listed above indicates acceptance
Earliest acceptance date: 8/5/2019
Latest acceptance date: 7/20/2020
Inorganic Chemistry, 8 semester hours with lab
Physics, 8 semester hours with lab
American Indian/Alaska Native 0.6%
Asian 25.5%
Black or African American 3.7%
Hispanic/Latino 9.3%
Multiple Races 0%
Undisclosed 0%
Science Majors 84.6%
Non-Science Majors 15.4%
Graduate Degrees 22.8%
2018-19 annual resident fees: $0
2018-19 annual non-resident fees: $0
2018-19 annual health insurance fee: Required
Average scholarship/grant: $52,695
445 Health Sciences Boulevard
Email: admissions@acom.edu
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NOAA Weather – Home and general pages
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‘Historic’ firsts in Underwood’s stunning election to Congress
By Jack McCarthy Chronicle Media — November 12, 2018
Democrat Lauren Underwood beat incumbent Republican Randy Hultgren and will represent the 14th District in Congress starting in January. (Underwood for Congress photo)
It all started with a broken promise.
Lauren Underwood, a nurse and former federal health policy adviser from Naperville, said she believed incumbent Rep. Randy Hultgren when he pledged to protect people with preexisting medical conditions like her as Republicans pushed to repeal the Obama-era Affordable Care Act.
Hultgren later voted for a Republican alternative that would make such coverage prohibitively expensive. Underwood felt betrayed and decided to run against him.
“I was 30 when I launched this campaign: a regular, middle-class woman who was working full-time,” she said in a statement reflecting on her win. “With the help of a friend, I was able to figure out how to get on the ballot, receive thousands of signatures, build a website, launch a campaign, share a message and build a movement.”
Several hours after polls closed on Nov. 6, she stood at a podium at the Kane County Fairgrounds as the 14th District’s Congresswoman-elect.
An African-American woman from Naperville, running in a district that is 86 percent white, Underwood beat Hultgren with 51.9 percent of the vote. She ran strongly throughout the seven-county district, losing only in McHenry County.
“Nov. 6 was a night of historic firsts for the 14th District: when the 116th Congress convenes Jan. 3, 2019, I will be the first woman, the first person of color and the first millennial to represent my community in Congress,” she said.
Underwood easily topped a seven-candidate Democratic primary field in March but entered the general election campaign perceived as an underdog against Hultgren, a four-term incumbent who won his last election by nearly 20 points.
But the personable Underwood aggressively crisscrossed the district with an increasingly tightly honed message and advocacy for better health coverage. She marched in parades, greeted voters, participated in forums and put together an effective ground game.
Big-name Democrats came to help, including former Vice President Joe Biden, who campaigned in St. Charles. Underwood also shared the stage with former President Barack Obama at a Chicago rally days before the election.
In the final hours before the election, a New York Times poll showed she had pulled into the lead.
“In the past weeks, our supporters have literally canvassed through rain and snow to get the message out about this campaign,” she said. “I could not be prouder of the organization we built together.”
The 116th Congress convenes in less than eight weeks. In the meantime, Underwood plans to assemble a staff and consult with constituents.
“In the coming weeks, my team and I will continue to dialogue with the community to outline a policy agenda,” she said. “When I travel to Washington, I will take the voices and the values of the 14th District with me. I cannot wait to get to work.”
—- ‘Historic’ firsts in Underwood’s stunning election to Congress —
Tagged with: Blue wave chronicle media Chronicleillinois.com Congress Democrats Illinois midterm election Naperville suburban voters Trump Underwood Women candidates
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REVIEW: “Life”
By jasonbleau March 26, 2017 December 31, 2017
1 Comment on REVIEW: “Life”
Space-themed movies have been all the rage recently, with “The Martian”, “Arrival”, “Gravity”, “Guardians of the Galaxy”, “Interstellar” and more taking over the big screen over the last few years. The latest space film to hit theaters is “Life”, a film that takes inspiration from many of its predecessors in hopes of making its own impact and leaving a lasting impression with powerful subtle messages and a pulse-pounding battle for survival with a horror twist. So, does this latest offering live up to expectations? This reviewer says not quite.
“Life” tells the story of a crew aboard the International Space Station who recover a probe that brings the first recorded sign of life back from Mars. The screw begins to examine the specimen and learn from it as it grows from its humble beginning. However the alien, named Calvin, is more than what it seems and the astronauts find themselves in a battle of wits with a predator they, or anyone on earth, have never seen before.
I’m going to buck my normal format here and start my review with what’s wrong with this film. Going into “Life” I knew that it would borrow a lot of themes from many others films of its kind, namely the “Alien” franchise, and to that effect the movie is a fitting and, at times, entertaining tribute to the classics that came before it, but that’s really all it is. “Life” lacks much originality, even if it contains substance and some quality special effects and filmmaking that compliment its heart-racing story. The sad part is “Life’s” flaws are mostly due to its inability to separate itself from those that came before it. It explores the darkness and isolation of space with a group of humans racing against time and the odds to try and outsmart an increasingly dangerous foe they know little about aboard a ship with noone coming to help. This is all way too familiar and film’s like “Gravity”, “Alien”, and “Arrival” have all tackled similar themes and clichés much better than “Life”.
Even where “Life” tries to make itself a unique and notable film with a bit of social commentary it fails to hit the mark. The movie tries to balance horror and science fiction with a nice message about survival and man versus nature, but loses its way as these messages are only subtly mentioned and eventually the movie delves into pure horror territory with it’s deeper themes taking a back seat to gratuitous kills and a generic “us versus it” concept. While the story tries to argue that the circumstances prevent either the alien or the humans from being painted as villains as each are just trying to survive, that message is completely thrown out the window as the movies approaches its climax and Calvin becomes more of a horror cliché than a symbolic representation of nature in the face of man.
Now that’s not to say there are no redeeming qualities to “Life”. The acting is absolutely spot on with an amazingly talented cast making up the diverse crew of six who occupy the International Space Station. Jake Gyllenhaal, Rebecca Ferguson, Ryan Reynolds, Hiroyuki Sandada, Ariyon Bakare, and Olga Dihovichnaya all turn in absolutely amazing grade-A performances with their own back stories, personalities, and interests creating a likable and relatable crew of characters that fans will route for throughout the film, even when it seems like they are the ones who should be blamed for what is happening onboard the station. It’s the cast that truly holds this film together as each character stands out from the typical disposable crews that these horror films usually provide. Each one has their own story, from a paraplegic and a new father to a space explorer tired of the hatred among his fellow man back on earth. While everything surrounding them is one big clichés, each actor owns their role and even the death scenes are extremely well done and cringe worthy without being too over the top…well that is until the movie’s less than stellar twist ending totally throws all respect the movie has for its characters into the depths of space.
While “Life” may be an entertaining science fiction-horror popcorn thriller that harkens back to the greats of the space film genre, it’s honestly nothing more than an attempt to cash in on a tired concept as the filmmakers try, unsuccessfully, to add something unique to the formula. There’s a lot to enjoy about the film from an entertainment perspective, specifically with it’s exceptional casting, but in the end despite a few frights “Life” is terribly predictable and its alien character, while creatively designed, is nothing more than a generic killer that fails to stand out among his own contemporaries in history of out-of-this-world baddies. Probably the saddest part is that “Life” wants to be something bigger and bolder, but fails to fully live up to that dream. What could have been a powerful tale of humanity versus nature instead finds itself trapped within the confines of horror clichés unable to find a “life” of its own.
(I do not apologize for that horrible pun)
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Frases de Francis Escudero
Francis Escudero
Data de nascimento: 10. Outubro 1969
Francis Joseph "Chiz" Guevara Escudero is a Filipino politician who has been a member of the Philippine Senate since 2007. He previously served as a member of the Philippine House of Representatives, representing the 1st District Sorsogon, where he served as the Minority Floor Leader of the House of Representatives of the Philippines. He was a leading candidate for Vice President of the Philippines in the 2016 election in May 2016, but lost, placing fourth among six candidates.
Fernão de Magalhães1
William F. Halsey1
Henry Van Dyke3
Citações Francis Escudero
„Our party is the Philippines, and the members of our party are the Filipino people“
— Francis Escudero
Context: Our party is the Philippines, and the members of our party are the Filipino people.
„So whenever the tug of populism tempts us to pass measures without regard of their fiscal cost, he is there to ask us if those who will ultimately foot the bill can actually afford it“
Context: So whenever the tug of populism tempts us to pass measures without regard of their fiscal cost, he is there to ask us if those who will ultimately foot the bill can actually afford it.
„In governing this country, we cannot afford to dawdle or hold ourselves hostage to analysis paralysis. We should hit the ground running from the first day until the last. We cannot afford to do otherwise.“
Context: Starting from the first day in office, this is the only way to urgently address the most pressing problems of every sector of the Philippines. In governing this country, we cannot afford to dawdle or hold ourselves hostage to analysis paralysis. We should hit the ground running from the first day until the last. We cannot afford to do otherwise.
„And because he believes numbers don’t lie, he minces no words in explaining them, and will not consult the political weather bulletin on when to expose them. So much so, that he sometimes sails against the wind, driven only by the motto set by his grandfather, who also once sat here, that one must do what is right over what is popular“
Context: And because he believes numbers don’t lie, he minces no words in explaining them, and will not consult the political weather bulletin on when to expose them. So much so, that he sometimes sails against the wind, driven only by the motto set by his grandfather, who also once sat here, that one must do what is right over what is popular.
„We must raise the quality of government service. We must work together and help one another to forge into reality our collective dream of a progressive, developed, orderly, and happy nation, where justice prevails and peace reigns! A country where every Filipino is treated equally, where no one is left behind“
Context: We must raise the quality of government service. We must work together and help one another to forge into reality our collective dream of a progressive, developed, orderly, and happy nation, where justice prevails and peace reigns! A country where every Filipino is treated equally, where no one is left behind.
„For me, every sentence in our history should end, not with a period, but with an exclamation mark. Nowadays, “good enough” is not good enough! If we truly desire progress, we cannot be lazy. We cannot have a slow government“
Context: For me, every sentence in our history should end, not with a period, but with an exclamation mark. Nowadays, “good enough” is not good enough! If we truly desire progress, we cannot be lazy. We cannot have a slow government.
„Because no single person or family has a monopoly over the talent, intelligence, skill, and good intentions for our country“
Context: I believe that every Filipino—rich or poor, young or old, man or woman, educated or not, good-looking or not, pedigreed or not, whether they live in Makati or in the provinces — has the ability, capacity, and right to devote his or her life to serving our country. Because no single person or family has a monopoly over the talent, intelligence, skill, and good intentions for our country.
„We cannot legislate responsibility. Self-regulation is the best option. I have crossed the line; I stand on the side of press freedom.“
The Official Website of the Senate of the Philippines http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2009/0228_escudero2.asp
„Senator Grace and I cannot do this alone. We need the help of every one of you, of every Filipino!“
„The elections are not about what rallies I should or not join but rather about issues and platforms, pure intentions and commitment to principles. It is sad that they have focused on rallies as an issue for this campaign.“
„The government does not have the mandate to create jobs. This should be the function of the private sector but the government should provide policy support for businesses to generate permanent or long-term jobs.“
Manila Standard Today http://manilastandardtoday.com/mobile/2013/05/10/chiz-bares-proposal-to-create-more-jobs
„Statistics and information has become the lifeline in policy-making the world over. We must be at par with our neighboring countries, if not the world, to be equipped with vital and current information on world trade, events and trends.“
„At the same time, through the passage of the Freedom of Information Bill and a crackdown on anomalies, we will fight corruption by ensuring that the government will be run on a simple principle—that discretion equals corruption. Minimize discretion and we will be able to minimize corruption; eliminate it and we will be able to eliminate corruption.“
„Humble but not humbled in defeat. Manny was, is, and will always be the better man vs Floyd. My hats off to Manny!“
Francis Escudero Twitter feed: @SayChiz (12:58 p.m. 2015 May 3).
„We received Jewish refugees during the Holocaust, Vietnamese refugees after the Vietnam War. We are even prepared to receive the Rohingyans who were stranded in the seas this year. No nation should just be a bystander in the face of this human emergency crisis“
Tempo http://www.tempo.com.ph/2015/09/07/chiz-calls-on-eu-to-aid-refugees/
„While today no foreign invaders threaten our sovereignty, there's another front that is on the line - our economy. Like a pandemic plague, worldwide recession now engulfs all nations. If stable, prosperous democracies are floundering in its wake, what more of developing countries such as ours?“
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The Vendée gîte : la cuisine et la salle de séjour
Walt posted a few photos of the gîte (vacation rental, pronounced "zheet") we stayed in last week over toward the Atlantic coast in the area called La Vendée. The first thing I did when we arrived there on that Saturday afternoon was to take some photos, before we messed the place up with everything we had hauled over there in the trunk of the Citroën. One exception: this first photo shows the kitchen in mid-week, after we had moved in. I took it from the top of the stairs that lead up to two bedrooms and the bathroom. That red cord snaking across the floor is an ethernet cable (see below). The door on the lower right opens into a half bath.
So the downstairs floor of the gîte, which is called La Petite Maison, consists of a large kitchen (about 200 square feet), a small WC (or half bath), and a large living room (350 square feet). The house has a front door leading into the living room, and a back door that opens into the kitchen. The price of a gîte like this one is 300 euros for seven nights, including a 40 euro cleaning fee that is optional but which we chose to pay, to avoid having to spend time cleaning the place ourselves before we left. In the living room there was a big flat-screen TV connected to a basic satellite TV service carrying all the standard French channels as well as some English language channels including Sky News and CNN-London. We discovered that some American movies on some channels were available with an English-language soundtrack (version originale, it's called — not dubbed into French).
Much of the furniture and kitchen equipment in the gîte came from Ikea, it seemed. I'm not even sure where the closest Ikea store is — in La Rochelle, maybe, which is an hour's drive south. The gîte's renovation dates back to 2006. All the furniture downstairs was comfortable, and the kitchen was completely functional. I liked the way the place was decorated, in a fairly plain style. It was spacious and not too fancy. I was glad to see that the staircase wasn't an open-tread model. That meant that Natasha was not afraid of running up and down from one floor to another.
We used the stove, refrigerator, freezer, and dishwasher while we were there. We were preparing all our own meals because we didn't want to go to restaurants with the dog. We packed a cooler and took a lot of our food with us from home. It just needed reheating, and we bought fish and some other things locally that were simple to prepare. French gîtes ruraux are really just a step up from camping in some ways. You don't expect all the comforts of home, but you want a place that's serviceable and reasonably comfortable. This one was fairly luxurious by gîte standards. There was plenty of hot water, and there was even a washing machine (un lave-linge) but we didn't need to use it. We also didn't need to turn on the heat during our stay because the weather was on the warm side.
We had some trouble with the internet connection, which ran off a PLC (power-line communication) unit plugged into an electrical outlet in the living room and connected us us to the gîte owner's modem/router, in a separate building, through the property's electrical wiring. It provided wi-fi but the signal it delivered was fairly weak and flaky, and it completely failed on the second day. Then the owner got it working again, and he also provided an ethernet cable that let us connect our laptop computer to a dedicated ethernet port in the gîte's kitchen. That limited where we could place and use the laptop, and our tablets can't connect via ethernet so we couldn't use them that day. I had wanted to set the laptop up on the table below, in the living room, but the ethernet cable wasn't long enough to reach all the way there from the kitchen.
First world problems, eh? I finally realized that if I plugged the PLC unit in upstairs in the hallway, directly above the coffee table downstairs, the wi-fi signal was much stronger than when it was plugged into an outlet in the living room. The living room ceiling was the upstairs floor. In other words, there was no insulation or brick or tile separating the downstairs from the upstairs, and the signal had no trouble passing through wooden floorboards. When I figured that out, the wi-fi mostly worked pretty well for us the rest of the time. Overall, the gîte was a good place for us, considering the price. I'll post about the bedrooms and bathroom over the coming days, just to give you an idea of what the place was like.
Dans les rues de Niort
Here are a few street scenes from our quick visit to the city of Niort in western France. We weren't there long enough for me to gather a lot of detailed information about the place, but I did get a feel for it. I'll go back one day if I get a chance — but there are so many places to see in France....
This is a spot near the central market hall in Niort. The weather there last Friday morning was basically an indicator of what was to come. Cold and gray. We have been plunged into winter here in Saint-Aignan — and in Niort too I imagine — over the past three days. High temperatures are around 5ºC (40°F). A cold rain is falling. It was predicatable, but it's still a shock.
Again, I was surprised by the hills that Niort is built on. I had imagined it very flat, since it's on the edge of an old marsh/swamp. There were nice views and perspectives in the part of the town we walked around in. I think that's the donjon in the background.
I managed to avoid including too many "wheely bins" — garbage totes — in my photos, but it's impossible to eliminate cars. They and the totes are unavoidable features of French cities. Above is a typical street in the neighborhood surrounding the Eglise Saint-André, on the left bank of the Sevre Niortaise river.
I have a book called Vanishing France (published in 1975). It's full of photos like this one — shuttered store fronts, houses in ruins, and other signs of the pace of change. I took classes from a professor in college who told us that the old France was disappearing rapidly. I'm not sure that the process is all that rapid. However, it's true that small, specialized shops are closing down, now that nearly everyone has a car, in favor of huge "superstores" called hypermarkets on the outskirts of the towns that sell groceries and whole ranges of clothes, hardware, and household goods. On n'arrête pas le progrès...
Looking up, looking down
Walt and I are actually coordinating our blogs, on a very high level, this week. He's starting his Vendée posts with photos he took at the beginning of our trip and working forward, and I'm starting with photos I took at the end, working backward in time. Yesterday he posted photos of the gîte rural where we stayed, near the town of Fontenay-le-Comte (pop. 15,000).
What can I say about the town of Niort, which we visited last Friday. The 1986 Michelin green guide describes the town as "giving off an impression of prosperity and bourgeois tranquillity that is not without charm." There are three big churches in the town. The name Niort derives from an old Gaulish term, novioritu, meaning a ford, as in a place where people could ford the river. The place has existed as a settlement and then a town since before the Romans conquered Gaul. The town, including the built-up area surrounding it (l'agglomération is what it's called in French), has a population of about 150,000.
Niort certainly felt peaceful and quiet at 10 o'clock on Friday morning. Cars were arriving to park in the lot across the river from the market hall, but slowly, with no sign of a rush hour. People were just getting out and about, so the place had a calm air about it, not noisy but also not deserted. The morning's weather was gray and surprisingly chilly, after all the beautiful sunny afternoons we had enjoyed all week.
We just wandered. Walt had Tasha on a leash that attaches to special belt he wears, so that he has both hands free to take photos. The dog was calm, curious, and well behaved. The old houses of the historic district seemed dignified and well looked after. After seeing the donjon and the market, we found the street called la rue Saint-Jean which, according to the guidebook, is the main artery through the neighborhood where many of Niort's most interesting and impressive mansions and residences are located.
The town is built on two hills that face each other across the slow-flowing Sèvre Niortaise river. The hilliness surprised me, because just west of town sits the area called the Marais poitevin, a network of water courses, ponds, meadows, and villages on flat lands that form a sort of reclaimed swamp. It's also known as La Venise verte — a "green Venice" where bateliers (boatmen) pole their barques (skiffs), carrying tourists along canals through deep green woods. We had spent two afternoons there earlier in the week.
Sneaking off to the Vendée, La Rochelle, and Niort
So yes, we sneaked out of here for a week's vacation over in the Vendée region of France. We didn't want to broadcast the fact that the house here in Saint-Aignan would be sitting empty for a week. Natasha the Sheltie went with us, and Bertie the black cat stayed home. A neighbor made sure he was fed and watered — he has free access to the outdoors.
We almost didn't make it to the city of Niort (pop. 60,000). We decided at the last minute to drive over there on Friday morning. It was only about 30 miles southwest of the gîte rural near Fontenay-le-Comte where we were staying, and it had been on the list of places I wanted to see. Click here for a map of the Vendée; Niort is in the lower right corner. I thought it was beautiful, despite the gray, chilly weather that morning. Above is the donjon de Niort, near which we parked the car before walking around in the old town for an hour with Natasha.
My old Michelin guide (1986) to the region says that construction of the medieval donjon (the fortified tower) in Niort was begun by Henri II Plantagenêt in the late 1100s, and was completed by Richard the Lion-Hearted in the 1200s. (Both were later to become kings of England.) It's actually two towers and one of the most remarkable such structures in France. The 80- to 90-foot-tall twin towers were part of a gigantic fortress with walls that enclosed the whole town — houses, gardens, markets, and a big church. The city walls were dismantled in later centuries, and the church was left in ruins after the religious wars of the late 1500s.
If you look at the first photo above, you can see that Niort's central market hall, built in 1869, is located right next to the donjon. Here's a photo of it. I ducked in for a minute or two to look around, but dogs were not allowed inside so Walt had to wait outside with Natasha. It seemed to me that about half the market stalls were open, selling cheeses, vegetables, charcuterie and other meats — not to mention poultry and seafood. I just read on a web site that the outdoor market in Niort is held on Thursdays and Saturdays, so we missed it. Since we would be leaving for home in a few hours, we weren't buying anything.
Tasha's restaurant adventure
You might have figured out by now that when I bought and cooked fish the other day, we were on the coast. The fish market where I bought the "sea bream" that I cooked and posted about is in the central market hall in La Rochelle (photo above), which is an old port city on the Atlantic Ocean north of Bordeaux and south of Brittany.
We spent a week in the area, and we also visited the coastal island of Noirmoutier, the port/resort called Les Sables d'Olonne ("the sands of Olonne"), and the beautiful old city of Niort. I have a lot of photos to post. Over the course of a week, we went to exactly one restaurant, and it was in La Rochelle. That's because we were traveling with a dog, and it was too hot to leave her closed up in the car. While dogs are welcome in many French restaurants, Tasha had never had the restaurant experience before, and we didn't know how she'd behave.
In La Rochelle, there's a long row of restaurants with outdoor seating along the street that runs along the western edge of the town's old harbor (photo of view above). We got to town at mid-morning, and after walking around and taking pictures for an hour or so, we decided to sit down and eat lunch. We got a table at a sidewalk café, on the edge of the seating area where Tasha would be out of the way and less likely to bother anybody or get stepped on.
We made sure we got there early so that we'd have our choice of tables. By 12:30, there wasn't a free table left on the terrace. Tasha was very good. She barked a couple of times when people rode by on bicycles, but nobody seemed to notice. She enjoyed attention and petting from a little girl sitting with her mother at the table next to ours. The waitperson brought a container of cold water for the dog when we sat down and ordered our lunch.
The food and wine were good. The sun was shining brightly. The temperature was in the low 70s in ºF but it felt a lot warmer in the sun. There was only a slight breeze. We couldn't have asked for a nicer day. In fact, during the week we spent on the coast not one drop of rain fell. There was fog some mornings but the afternoons were sunny and pleasant. It felt like what northern French summertime weather feels like.
Le Grolleau, un cépage méconnu
The other day I went shopping at Intermarché. Walt wanted some rosé wine — he waited in the car with Natasha while I went into the store. It was fun to browse around in the wine section of a supermarket outside the region where we live.
I came across two wines I have never seen before. They are rosé wines made with a grape called le Grolleau. It's a red wine grape that is grown, I've been told, on a vineyard plot right outside our back gate in Saint-Aignan. And I've been told it is used to make rosé wines, but usually the juice is blended with the juice of other grapes, including Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, and Pinot Noir. The rosé can be still or bubbly.
Here, however, the wines are 100% Grolleau. They are very dry, not sweet, and very pale in color. They they have a peppery quality. They remind me of the Pineau d'Aunis rosés that are made in the Cher and Loir Valleys. I went to a Leclerc hypermarket (superstore) yesterday to see if I can find a few more bottles, but no luck. I think I'll go back to Intermarché today.
L'église et l'école du village
I'm still having a lot of trouble with our flaky internet connection, but I'll try to post these today. One afternoon earlier this week, we were driving through a village called Benet (pop. 3,600), near Niort, and we stopped so that I could take some pictures around the church. A school bus (no, not a yellow one) was waiting next to the church, and I realized that the school in a nearby building was just letting out.
Here are the students walking to the bus. You can see what a beautiful day it was, with a deep blue sky. I walked all the way around the church taking photos, and I noticed a very big stained-glass window in one wall. So I went into the church to see what I looked like. Here it is:
I'm posting these photos at a very large size and I've divided each one in half so that each half can be viewed at full size when you click on it. I wish I could figure out how to do away with the black horizontal line that runs through the two halves of the photos (I tried to disguise it on the second image), but my HTML skills are not that good. Okay, here goes. I don't even know if this lame internet connection will let me upload the post.
P.S. You might have noticed that I misidentified the town where this church is located when I posted these photos yesterday. So many villages, so little time. I have corrected the post.
La Dorade royale
One morning this werk I stopped in at a poissonnerie — a fishmarket — and I saw these beautiful fish called « dorades royales » on display. Fish are poissons [pwah-sawn] in French. The young man who was selling and preparing fish for customers told me these fish were wild, not farme-raise7d, and very fresh. I decided to buy one. He cleaned and filleted it for me. Each fillet weighed about 250 grams (half a pound) and cost about 11 euros. That a little rich for my blood but we really wanted to eat some nice filets de poisson.
The dorade is called a "sea bream" in English, but it has no name in my dialect of English (the coastal North Carolina brogue). We don't have such fish in our waters back there, as far as I know. The out-going, well-versed fish guy assured me they were about the best fish he has in his shop these days. They come from the Atlantic Ocean waters off the western coast of France. This particular species, Sparus aurata, is called the "gilt-head bream," I gather. A related fishes caught in U.S. waters are the "porgy," the "scup," and the "sheepshead." I know we had sheepshead in N.C. waters.
I cooked the fish fillets skin-side down very carefully and very quickly in butter with just salt, pepper, and a squeeze of lemon juice. When they were almost done, I turned off the burner and turned the fillets over, covered the pan, and just let it sit for two or three minutes. The fish was not under-cooked. I had already peeled and boiled some potatoes and steamed some spinach. Dinner was served.
Riz rouge de Camargue
A few days ago I made fried rice using riz rouge de Camargue — red rice from the Camargue region of southern France. It's a whole-grain rice that doesn't get mushy when you cook it, but retains some crispness. It comes in red or in brown, but it's not like "regular" brown rice. It's got more texture — it cooks up al dente.
Flavoring ingredients in the fried rice were cabbage and carrots cut into strips, onions, garlic, and basil in a garlicky hot pepper sauce. Also soy sauce, fish sauce, ginger, and a few drops of Worcestershire sauce.
With the fried rice, we had some chicken wings with Japanese yakitori sauce. I dredged the wings in rice flour, baked them on parchment paper in the oven for 30+ minutes, and then dipped them in sauce that had been heated up.
I see that you can buy red Camargue rice on Amazon.com for $4.00/lb. Here's the link. That's a little expensive, but it has to be imported and it might be worth trying. Here's a post about Camargue rice from 2017.
The vineyard in October
The weather continues to be just beautiful. It's so odd. I mean, we've had nice stretches of warm, sunny days in late October before, but this one, unlike those, was not preceded by a gray, rainy period earlier in autumn.
We've had beautiful summers, lasting into late September, in past years. The summer of 2009 was like that. But summer 2018 is one for the record books. I took a walk with Natasha yesterday afternoon in golden sunlight and in my shirtsleeves. In the photo above, that's our house and, on the right, two neighbors' houses.
Tasha is loving the walks this summer fall. She's mostly very good at staying close to me as we walk — I don't bother putting a leash on her. There's always the danger that we'll encounter a deer (un chevreuil) or a hare (un lièvre) and she'll take off running after it, but she always comes back after a minute or two when I start calling her.
The vineyard is such a pleasant environment for walks with a dog. Dogs love running up and down the long straight rows between rows of vines. This time of year, they get very curious about grapes. Natasha just sniffs them, but our late border collie named Callie would always eat a few on walks at this time of year. Most of the grapes have been harvested now, but there are always a few left on the vines after the harvest.
The hamlet we live in, which is located just 3 kms (2 miles) from Saint-Aignan, is on a high bluff on the "left bank" of the Cher River. Between us and the river there are woods and some houses along the road down into the river valley. Because we're high up, the land is very dry in rainless periods like this one. Grapevines, with have very deep roots, thrive in these situations. The 2018 wines are predicted to be some of the best our region has produced in decades.
French chard
The other greens we have growing in the autumn garden are Swiss chard, called blettes, bettes, bettes à cardes, or poirée. The plant called bette is closely related to the betterave — which means beet root — plant. Chard seems to be a specialty of the Lyon area and the Rhône Valley in France. The plants in our garden are fairly small still. I expect them to grow a lot more once it starts raining here again. Look at these chard plants that spent the whole winter of 2017 out in the garden.
In France, the wide, white ribs of the chard leaves are often cooked separately from the green parts. The ribs are cooked in gratins, for example, with melted cheese. They're good diced up and cooked in a vegetable soup.
The white ribs of chard leaves, blanched in boiling water first, are good as a layer in a pan of lasagne (photo above). The green parts of the chard leaves are cooked like spinach, but have a milder flavor. The whole leaves can also be cooked together in the same pot.
The electronic Larousse Gastronomique (2007) calls the chard rib (the côte or carde) un légume délicat that can be cooked in a white sauce or a tomato sauce, or au jus. Chard is good cooked in butter or cream. Adding some Dijon mustard to a cream sauce is how one local woman told me she likes them cooked. The older hard-bound Larousse Gastronomique (1967) gives more than a dozen recipes for bettes. Chard is a really good filling for an omelet.
Posting this makes me realize I really need to go out and water the kale we have growing in the garden. No rain, you know. At least it's not so hot outside, so the kale plants are really starting to grow.
I know the plants would like some rain, but they'll have to make do with some spray from the garden hose. I hope they'll grow bigger, up to three feet tall, with a lot more leaves.
This is the variety often called "dinosaur kale." That's because its leaves are sort of dark green and bumpy, resembling somebody's idea of what a dinosaur's skin might look like.
It also goes by the name of "lacinato kale," or cavolo nero, meaning "black cabbage" in Italian. Other names, according to Wikipedia, are Tuscan kale, Tuscan cabbage, Italian kale, black kale, and palm tree kale. It's my favorite variety of kale. The leaves cook up to a "meaty" texture, like collard greens, and the flavor is good too.
Some of these photos were taken early in the morning, before the sun was fully up in the sky. Others were taken late in the afternoon, in bright light. The differences in the quality of the light make the leaves look very different.
Like chard and collards, kale will survive all but a very hard freeze and can grow all winter out in the garden. Frost supposedly improves the greens, making them sweeter (January 2017 photo). I'm looking forward to harvests of dinosaur kale in December, January, even February...
In the neighbors’ yard
Our neighbors across the street, whose main residence is in Blois, have sold their car. They've quit driving, I mean, and it's not clear when they'll come back to their house in the country or how often they'll come back in the future. Here are some photos I've taken recently of plants in their yard.
I'm not sure what this is. Is it a crepe myrtle? It seems happy planted up again the west wall of the neighbors' house. It's in full fall color right now, as you can see.
I know what these are called: they're medlars in English and nèfles in French. I've never tasted them but I may well do so this fall. They're not good to eat until they've been touched by frost. Then they are "bletted" and can be eaten raw or cooked. Unless the neighbors or their children come pick them, I'll ask for permission to take some after our first frosts occur.
These red flowers are called mandevilla or dipledenia. They are tropical or sub-tropical in origin, and frost will kill them. The neighbors left 6 or 8 pots of them on their terrace and around the yard. Unless somebody comes to take them away, I'll ask permission to put one or two of them in our greenhouse for the winter. Evidently, you can root cuttings and propagate new plants that way.
October grapes
The weather site we look at daily, météociel.fr, gives us a forecast for the next 10 days. This morning, there's not one drop of rain in that 10-day forecast. There are times when that would be wonderful news, but right now it's just plain strange. I guess the only thing to do is to take advantage of the sunshine while it lasts. Make hay...
By the way, in most years the winter rains start in late October. If it doesn't start raining in early November, I'm going to know something is seriously wrong. Meanwhile, most of the grapes around here have been harvested now, so the local vignerons have nothing to fear. With the warm days we are having, they probably could have left the grapes on the vines even longer. The photos here are a week old.
Two or three days ago, I was walking between two rows of vines near our house with Tasha. They were in a parcel that had been harvested a few days earlier. I noticed there were still quite a few little bunches of grapes on them, so I picked a few.
I pressed the grapes I'd picked when I got home, using a big mortar and pestle. I strained out the seeds and skins and made myself a glass of grape juice for breakfast. Delicious. It tasted as good as the grapes in these photos look.
The Vendée gîte : la cuisine et la salle de séjour...
Sneaking off to the Vendée, La Rochelle, and Niort...
Timber!
Polenta pour la première fois
Sunday's finest
Préparatifs pour l'hiver et la saison des pluies
Tristes nouvelles
Gratin d'aubergines et de pommes de terre
Mairies et maires
Le Châtelier : une grange, des écuries, et un logi...
Le Châtelier (3)
Le Château du Châtelier à Paulmy
Un après-midi sur la route
Charles Aznavour — parti mais retrouvé
Off with its head
The 2018 harvest moon
Buns made with pain brioché dough
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Classic Comedies
Belinda O October 24, 2017 0 Comments
My Sister Eileen, 1942, Columbia Pictures. Starring Rosalind Russell, Brian Aherne, Janet Blair. Directed by Alexander Hall. B&W, 96 minutes.
Ruth Sherwood (Rosalind Russell), a reporter for a Columbus daily newspaper, has written one of her finest reviews, raving about the performance of none other than her sister Eileen (Janet Blair) in that night’s opening performance of A Doll’s House. Problem is, she wrote the review the morning of the play, knowing she’d be too caught up in the evening’s festivities to complete it then — and the director replaced Eileen before the curtain rose.
The paper doesn’t hear about the cast change and runs the review anyway, and Ruth is fired. With few options and a dream of success, she decides to move to New York City. Eileen, starry-eyed about success on Broadway, goes with her. With only $100 between them, they head off.
June Havoc, Rosalind Russell, Janet Blair
Their lack of funds forces them to rent a basement apartment with no curtains, a broken window, and most notably, the occasional blast knocking pictures off the wall as work is done on the growing subway system. Then there are the ongoing interruptions from neighbors and former tenants to keep up with, and this is their first week in New York.
While Eileen looks for work on the stage, Ruth, in desperation, takes her stories to the publisher of a once-renowned magazine now known for being boring and out-of-touch. She ends up leaving in a huff after a heated discussion with this stuffy man, but accidentally leaves her manuscript behind. Editor Robert Baker (Brian Aherne), who is looking to update the publication, finds himself intrigued by her stories.
The sisters continue in their plagued apartment as they struggle to make it big, and success, it seems, it always just around the corner.
Janet Blair, Rosalind Russell
The movie was based on the popular Broadway play of the same name, which was inspired by a series of autobiographical articles written by Ruth McKenney for The New Yorker magazine. With the exception of some minor changes to meet Production Code standards (such as changing the profession or living situation of some neighbors), it was true to the play — even Russell’s performance matched the cynical and smart nature of the play’s star, Shirley Booth.
My Sister Eileen received one Academy Award nomination, for Best Actress (Russell). That award, not surprisingly, went to Greer Garson for her role in Mrs. Miniver. However, Russell’s nomination for a comedic role is a tribute to her great talent, her ability to underplay her character to great effect and her sense of irony at an unbearable living situation.
Rosalind Russell, Brian Aherne
Helping Russell shine were Aherne, whose urbane manner was a match for her cynical sophistication, and Blair, whose naïvete is the perfect setup for Russell’s witty comebacks. The supporting cast, including a constant parade of men chasing after Eileen, also did their part in emphasizing the stars’ talents.
My Sister Eileen is snappy entertainment moving at a quick pace, with offbeat characters who provide both cosmopolitan and street-wise humor. Along with His Girl Friday, it is some of Russell’s best work of the time, and a timeless story of surviving in a foreign environment.
CategoriesClassic Comedies, Classic Films, Classic Movies
Tags1940s, Alexander Hall, Brian Aherne, Classic Film Review, Classic Movie Review, Film Review, Janet Blair, Movie Review, My Sister Eileen, Rosalind Russell, Ruth McKenney
The Strange Love of Martha Ivers
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Home Read Kickstarter MIA : Xeko’s Missing $257k
Kickstarter MIA : Xeko’s Missing $257k
Julie Morley
[dropcap size=big]T[/dropcap]he Xeko campaign is a teensy bit on the controversial side, leaving about 973 backers without rewards, no game, and bent out of shape. With Xeko, there’s a lot of miscommunication, or a lack of communication altogether and some really in depth legal complications that makes the entire situation really confusing.
Several years back, Amy Tucker created a trading card game about endangered species and wanted to get children more interested in animals and ecosystem preservation. Xeko attracted some attention and a little bit of a fan base, Amy decided it would be a great idea to make the game digital. For that, she launched the Kickstarter campaign and teamed up with Waba to make the magic happen. Back in July 2012, Xeko was majorly funded on Kickstarter for over $250K.
Now is where things get a little complex.
In the very, very beginning, according to a Facebook post and Kickstarter comment in December 2013, and to Crunchbase, Xeko was affiliated with Hairy Entertainment when it was a card game, founded back in 2009. In these posts it’s indicated that Hairy Entertainment went bankrupt; Waba/Oomba had purchased all of the Xeko assets from them through an “Assignment for the Benefit of Creditors.” For this process, the team paid about $180K for Xeko.
According to a post in the Kickstarter comments page from the Xeko team, Amy had teamed up with Waba, Inc to digitize Xeko in the first place, which was run by Nolan Bushnell and Michael Williams. Unfortunately, when they were unable to secure a website for Waba, they changed their name to Oomba and even though legally they were considered Waba, they were performing business under the name of Oomba. Down the line Oomba/Waba combined with play140, LLC (April 1st, 2012), a social media and game startup company. As a result, Oomba Inc. was formed. That September, Oomba made another acquisition and purchased Sifaka Productions, completing their team.
Problem? They did this just a few months after the Kickstarter campaign. More specifically, during a period of no communication after the campaign. In fact, there weren’t any updates between early August and late March of the next year. During this period, Oomba, the company that ran the Kickstarter campaign, made big company purchases.
Oomba and Waba are the same entity but were unable to legally merge together since “the merger required that the Kickstarter campaign be complete and that there be no outstanding lawsuits.” Just before the completion of the campaign, they were sued by Hairy Entertainment, which blocked the “merger.”
During the campaign, the updates were very informational and Amy seemed pretty loyal to her backers but once the campaign concluded, the communication changed. In the months that followed the campaign, the few updates that were posted were mainly about preparing the rewards and assuring backers they would receive them soon. Unfortunately, those rewards were never received nor were refunds given out.
What’s interesting about their investments/acquisitions, is according to the December 13, 2012 Facebook post concerning what went wrong with Xeko is that just a few days before the conclusion of the Kickstarter campaign they were “served with a lawsuit by one of the directors of Hairy Entertainment,” though the specifics of the lawsuit itself weren’t mentioned out of respect.
But there was more bad news, “the owner of Xeko and Elf Island has run out of money and is incapable of continuing.” So, as of December 2013, Oomba was considered to be completely out of money and unable to work on Xeko. Additionally, the assets for Xeko and Elf Island were going to be put up for sale for any parties interested in working on the game. The project was canceled and Amy Tucker wouldn’t be able to digitize Xeko.
Unfortunately, if you do a quick search on Crunchbase, Oomba’s finances are a little complicated. In October 2013, the company was struggling with debt like the Facebook post claimed but they received debt financing from SOSVentures (venture firm helping startups), Private Capital Network (angel investor), and Nolan Bushnell, to the tune of $1.3 million. The following month, they received $1 million from an angel investor. I was unable to find any information about what they were working on during that time period and there’s no record of company purchases/acquisitions/ or projects. But the company did stop making updates on the Kickstarter page June 10, 2013 and was last heard from December 17th, the same year, clearing up more information about what happened in the Kickstarter comments.
But in May 2014 they did receive $1.4 million from an angel investor, the Xeko website is no longer up, communication is minimal, and there are no rewards. Waba went bankrupt. Oomba has separated itself from Xeko and no longer has the assets. Oomba has become a software company concentrating on cloud-based socializing for online tournaments, which is currently in its Beta stage.
All around, it’s tough to say whether or not Xeko will continue development, if it was ever getting developed to begin with. But it doesn’t seem like Oomba will be taking a step in that direction anytime soon.
Have any news or updates regarding Xeko you’d like to share? Let us know in the comments, forums, or drop us a line!
Know of other Kickstarter projects that have just dropped off the map? Want us to do some digging and see what’s going on? Comment below, or shoot us an email and we’ll start nosing around.
Read more Kickstarter MIA articles right here for more sad crowdfunding tales.
Julie Morley is a freelance writer and comic artist from Spring, Texas. She attended the Academy of Art University for two years, studying Animation and Illustration. Whilst here, she learned about writing comic scripts, storyboards, and general storytelling. Since leaving college, she has been working on personal comic projects, stories, and illustrations. She aspires to release a self published comic within two years. For the majority of her life, she has been playing console games, typically being third-person shooters and sandboxes. Her favorite game of existence is Dark Cloud II (Dark Chronicle) and her favorite Indie game is Gone Home.
Latest posts by Julie Morley (see all)
Kickstarter MIA : Xeko’s Missing $257k - March 15, 2015
Kickstarter MIA: The Fate of Rainfall - January 30, 2015
Under Development – 2.5 – Name Calling - January 4, 2015
Lost Constellation Gives a Taste of Night In The Woods - January 2, 2015
Kickstarter MIA
xeko
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ProAm: Who in the world is Charles Warren
I’ve been fortunate to play in the pro-am tomorrow at the Canadian Open in Hamilton.
So, out of 52 picks in the pro-am selection last night, we picked 51st. That’s bad on a number of different levels. If my group had been last, at least we would have been given some wine for our terrible results. Instead we got Charles Warren. Who?
Which goes to show one thing — you can make a $1 million in a single season on the PGA Tour and still be a Jeopardy answer: “That’s right Alex, who made more than $1 million in 2005 on his second time around the PGA Tour?” The answer would be Charles Warren. He’s made nearly a million more this year, and I still only vaguely recognized the name. Want to know more about Charles Warren? Go here.
Anyway, my group, which includes Ted Fletcher, the son of Pat Fletcher, the last Canadian to win the Canadian Open. We’re off at 9 am, and I can’t imagine we’ll gather a big following. That might keep me from hooking a ball into the crowd and killing someone, so at least that’s a relief.
Update: We finished in a tie for first today. And yes, I did and do know who Charles Warren is. My point was meant to be ironic and reflect the fact that many people in the pro-am selection hadn’t a clue who he was. Intriguingly, he also considers his win at the now defunct CPGA to be a “major.” Or at least he joked about it. Turns out he was a great guy — and a great striker. We shot 58 and ended up tied with three other groups. I missed a short birdie putt on the ninth (our 18th) that would have given us the win outright. The highlight — watching Charles, with mud on his ball on the 18th, determine what shot to hit. “This could go anywhere,” he said. “Into the crowd?” I asked. “That’s a possibility,” came the reply. “That’ll add some entertainment value.” His caddy laughed at that notion, but he came pretty close to doing exactly that, hitting a low, hooky 4-iron near the throng of people on the final hole.
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Desert Hills Golf Course – Yuma AZ
Mesa Del Sol GC- Yuma AZ
Yuma Golf and Country Club –
A bestselling author and award-winning columnist, Robert Thompson has been writing about business and sports, and particularly golf, for almost two decades. His reporting and commentary on golf has appeared in Golf Magazine, the Globe and Mail, T&L Golf and many other media outlets. Currently Robert is a columnist with Global Golf Post, golf analyst for Global News and Shaw Communications, and Senior Writer to ScoreGolf. The Going for the Green blog was launched in 2004.
kc says:
If I am not mistaken, Charles Warren won the now defunct Samsung Canadian PGA Championship at Whistle Bear GC in 2004. It was televised on The Golf Channel.
RT – I am ashamed of you – Guy wins the CPGA Championship and you don’t know who he is…You follow golf right?
Yardsy says:
I can’t believe you didn’t know who Charles Warren is? Maybe I underestimated your knowledge of the professional golf world. The guy wins the CPGA Championship down the street at Whistle Bear and is one of the nicest guys on the planet. I don’t expect anyone to know his stats but to not recognize the name?….interesting…
not a fan says:
RT is the Don Cherry of the Canadian golf media. Ask Thomas McBroom. He’s only interested in bashing Weir, Graham Cooke, Tiger
“He’s made nearly a million more this year, and I still only vaguely recognized the name.”…..
Keep backpedaling RT
Robert Thompson says:
I’m always fond of a guy like “Not a fan,” who throws crap but refuses to use his own name or email address. At least I put myself out there and let my opinions be known. You, on the other hand, apparently are some Monday morning quarterback type, only criticizing with little to offer. Yep, I knew that Charles Warren had played in Canada and I knew he’d won a bunch of cash last year. Beyond that, I must admit I didn’t know much about him, having never written about him.
But I’m intrigued that Not a Fan shows up bashing Bob Weeks on Score’s site as well, once more without anything productive to offer. What a waste of space.
Get a pair of balls, buddy, use your real name and then maybe I’ll respect what you have to say. Until then….
RT….how many posters here use their real names?
A fair number — and most are open to some honest discourse. You need to grow a pair, step out and be prepared to take as good as you give, and then you’ll get some respect. Until then, you’re nothing but another guy sitting in his parent’s basement banging away on a computer.
Oh, and I find it intriguing that you slag me off for not writing more “positive” commentary. Must not be much of a reader…
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Betrayed by Nature: The War on Cancer
The latest cancer research explained
Top Ten Cancers
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. It is responsible for the deaths of one in every ten people who die in their 60s in the industrialized countries. 90% of lung cancer cases are directly caused by smoking and lung cancer is the reason why smokers live, on average, ten years less than non-smokers.
Main types of lung cancer
Primary lung cancers develop in the epithelial cells that form the lining of the lung and there are two main types: small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-SCLC (NSCLC). There are three types of NSCLC (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma). Squamous cell cancer is the most common but all three behave similarly including in their response to treatment.
SCLC usually develops in the bronchi at the centre of the lung. SCLC accounts for 20% of all lung tumours and is almost always caused by smoking. The cells involved are small and mainly localizes to midlevel bronchioles. Despite a generally good initial response to chemotherapy, it has a particularly poor prognosis, because of early extra thoracic dissemination and frequent disease relapse.
The major form of NSCLC, squamous carcinoma, begins when ciliated epithelial cells (cilia are tentacles used to waft detritus out of the airway) are lost from the lining of the airways and some of the underlying columnar cells begin to grow abnormally and change to a flatter shape (squamous cells). This leads to ‘carcinoma in situ’, an abnormal growth that has not invaded adjacent tissues. When this acquires invasive capacity and spreads within the lung and then to other organs it has become a malignant lung cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma is highly associated with tobacco smoking and is the most common type of lung cancer in men.
Adenocarcinoma is the most common form of NSCLC in both women and non-smokers. It develops mostly from the junction between the terminal bronchiole and the alveolus, termed ‘bronchoalveolar duct junction’, the source of mucus.
Large cell carcinoma, less common than the other two forms of NSCLC, forms near the surface of the lungs and comprises a class of rather poorly differentiated and less aggressive tumours. The most frequent subtype is large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
New cases/year World 2008: 1,607,000 [males: 1,092,000, females: 515,000];USA 2011 (est): 221,130; UK 2008: 40,800
Deaths/year World 2004: 1,375,000 [males: 948,000, females: 427,000];USA 2011 (est): 156,940; UK 2008: 35,260
Risk factors Male, over 60 years of age, living in an industrialised area.Smoking causes over 90% of lung cancers.
In addition to asbestos, exposure through working conditions to any of the following has been shown to carry an increased risk: arsenic, chromium, iron oxide, coal and petroleum products and radiation.
A family history of lung cancer in a first degree relative doubles the risk.
Symptoms None in the earliest stages: as the cancer develops can cause cough, haemoptysis (coughing up blood), chest pain, weight loss, breathlessness and tiredness.
Classification As shown above, there are two main categories of lung cancer, SCLC and NSCLC. SCLC is classified as Limited (confined to chest) or Extensive (metastatic). Three main sub-types NSCLC have similar prognoses and treatment strategies.
Staging TNM tumour staging system is used.
Major gene mutations SCLC: Most tumours have inactivated P53 and RB1. Activating mutations commonly occur in MYC, PIK3CA, EGFR and KRAS. Whole genome sequencing has identified a set of mutations that commonly arise from carcinogens in tobacco smoke.NSCLC: EGFR, MET and PIK3CA are often mutated: the EML4-ALK fusion protein is present in about 5% of tumours.
Treatment SCLC: The disease has usually metastasised by time of diagnosis: for this reason <1% of patients receive surgery. Only treatment is chemotherapy (etoposide + cisplatin or carboplatin) combined with radiation therapy. Pravastatin is in Phase III trials for SCLC.NSCLC: Surgery if the disease is sufficiently localised (less than 10% of cases). Chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Drugs in use: cisplatin, carboplatin, docetaxel, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, pemetrexed, irinotecan, vinorelbine. Erlotinib is one of the most promising targeted therapies: patients with EGFR mutation show up to 18 month increased survival. Gefitinib also effective. Drug resistance invariably develops. Novel anti-EGFR drugs are in development. Crizotinib, an inhibitor of ALK, appears promising.
Side effects Etoposide, cisplatin, carboplatin, docetaxel, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, pemetrexed, irinotecan and vinorelbine generally suppress the immune system and in particular can cause neutropenia (low white cell count). Other side effects can include nausea, hair loss and, for cisplatin, loss of hearing. Erlotinib associated with itchy, acne-like rash that covers head and chest.
Prognosis SCLC: There is usually a good initial response to chemotherapy but this is often rapidly followed by relapse. 2-year survival rate <15%. Overall 5-year survival rate 5 to 10%.NSCLC: The five year survival rate for Stage IA (T1N0M0) is 73%, IB (T2N0M0) 55%, IIA (T1N1M0 40%, IIB (T2N1M0 or T3N0M0) 40%, IIIA (T1-3N2M0 or T3N1M0 10-35%, IIIB (Any T4 or any N3M0 5%, IV (Any M1) <5%.
In addition to SCLC and NSCLC there are several much rarer forms of cancer that can affect the lung:
Mesothelioma: a rare cancer of mesothelial cells that cover most internal organs. Approximately 70% arise in the pleura (the membrane that surrounds the lung), the majority as a result of chronic inflammation caused by exposure to asbestos, the risk being 500 times higher from blue asbestos than that from white asbestos. The average time for this disease to develop is between 30 and 40 years after exposure. With the cessation of the use of asbestos the incidence of mesothelioma is expected to decline from the estimate of 3,000 UK cases in 2015. Smoking alone does not appear to cause mesothelioma but it greatly increases the risk due to asbestos. The main symptoms are breathlessness and chest pain. Surgery is an option only in rare cases where the tumour is very localised. Radiotherapy may reduce tumour size. The most effective chemotherapy is pemetrexed + cisplatin or carboplatin; vinorelbine, gemcitabine and raltitrexed may also be used. The average survival time from diagnosis is 11 to 14 months.
Carcinoid: a rare (<2.5% of all lung tumours) and less malignant form of small cell carcinoma that arises most frequently in the gastrointestinal tract.
Classic or typical bronchial carcinoid tumours develop in the relatively young and women are 10 times more likely to be affected than men. They are the least aggressive of lung tumours: fewer than 3% metastasise beyond the regional lymph nodes and they are treatable by surgery with a 94% 5-year survival rate.
Atypical bronchial carcinoid tumours are more aggressive than typical carcinoids and mainly occur in older men. About one third metastasise to distant sites, a capacity reflected in a 57% 5-year survival rate.
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung, so named because the cells of the tumour are at least three times the size of SCLC. LCNEC patients may be treated by surgery but the 5-year survival rate is similar to that of SCLC.
Tracheal cancer (i.e. of the windpipe) is rare (0.1% of all cancers, <1% of lung cancers). There are two main forms, squamous cell carcinoma (developing from cells lining the airway) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (developing from glandular tissue). Treatment is by surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy (cisplatin or carboplatin).
For further information on lung cancer consult the British Thoracic Society.
Betrayed by Nature – Amazon
Betrayed by Nature – Barnes & Noble
Betrayed by Nature – Indie Bound
Introduction to Cancer Biology – Amazon
Introduction to Cancer Biology – UK
Introduction to Cancer Biology – USA
Wooffie Says…
Fatbergs Block Cancer Defences
3D Tumour Printing
Joining Europe
Secret Army: More Manoeuvres Revealed
Mosaic Masterpieces
Cancer treatments
Novel therapeutic agents
Survival rates
Third-hand smoke
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Candente Copper Corp. Provides Cañariaco Project Updates
Vancouver, British Columbia, April 5th, 2018, Candente Copper Corp. (TSX:DNT, BVL:DNT) ("Candente" or the "Company") is extremely pleased to provide the following update on the Cañariaco project and activities in Peru.
The Company is excited to advise that after many meetings between various governmental and community entities during 2017, several important infrastructure projects for the district of Cañaris have been approved and are being financed by the Central Government and Regional Government.
Of the projects recently announced, two of the most important are irrigation projects with an approximate investment of US$10.5 million, which will significantly benefit 1,700 families in several agricultural communities in Cañaris. In addition, a road improvement project costing approximately US$5 million is expected to be starting this month.
These projects are part of commitments made by Central and Regional Governments for the development of the Cañaris District following a series of meetings and studies started in 2013. The Government Ministries linked to the development projects include the Regional Prefecture, Ministry of Energy and Mines, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Presidency of the Council of Ministers. The projects, announced by officials of the Republic of Peru, have generated much optimism in the district, as this is the first time this area of Peru will have experienced such development.
The Company is also appreciative that the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MINEM) has recently announced the implementation of new drilling regulations which will streamline certain aspects of the various permitting processes, reduce timelines for receiving permits and also allow longer periods to carry out drilling programs once permits are received. As a result, the Company is now working on applications for new drilling permits for the Cañariaco project.
The company has also recently started planning site visits with third parties interested in strategic investments or partnerships to advance the Cañariaco project.
On another matter, the Company announces the resignation of Mr. Faisel Hussein from his position as Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company, effective April 3, 2018. Mr. Hussein joined Candente Copper Corp. in March, 2015.
"The Company would like to thank Mr. Hussein for all the contributions made during his tenure as CFO and wish him well in his new endeavours", commented Joanne Freeze.
The Company is very pleased to announce the appointment of Alec Peck as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer effective April 3, 2018. Mr. Peck’s previous professional and career activities include a partnership in an international accounting firm followed by a career as a vice president in the corporate finance group of a Canadian investment dealer. He has been, and continues to be, a CFO for various Canadian public companies.
Joanne C. Freeze, P.Geo., CEO, and Michael Thicke, P.Geo, VP Exploration, are the Qualified Persons as defined by National Instrument 43-101 for the projects discussed above. They have reviewed and approved the contents of this release.
"Joanne C. Freeze" P.Geo.
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Thinking in the Round
For decades, Pittsburgh sculptor Thaddeus Mosley has been circling the wood to find the art within. And this year, a dream of sorts comes true as he joins the ranks of artists he’s always admired as part of the 2018 Carnegie International.
By Julie Hannon
Art | Carnegie International
Art | The Inclusive Museum
Art | Warhol
Since March, Thaddeus Mosley has created six stunning sculptures, one soaring high above him, another comprised mostly of reimagined “cut-offs,” which are the removed ends of wooden logs that have been trimmed to achieve a straight edge.
Inspired by the shape of raw wood, he uses a mallet and gouges to reduce often massive tree trunks, chip by chip, letting them speak through the revealing of forms. “The log and I decide together what it will become,” says Mosley, noting that he lives with each trunk, getting to know it—its grain, its structure, its unique personality—before picking up any tools.
At age 91, the celebrated Pittsburgh artist is developing new work for the 2018 Carnegie International, the 57th edition of Carnegie Museum of Art’s signature exhibition that dates back to 1896. Most of the sculptures, made low to the ground and treated to withstand wind and moisture, will be displayed outside in the museum’s Sculpture Garden. Existing work carved over decades—one piece measuring nearly 14-feet-tall—will be shown inside.
Above, Thaddeus Mosley inside his North Side studio. Below is a glimpse of the dozens of sculptures that flank him as he works. The images were captured by the Mattress Factory in advance of Mosley’s 2009 exhibition there, Thaddeus Mosley: Sculpture (Studio|Home).
Renowned for his energy and work ethic, the self-taught artist works at a pace that, even at his age, hasn’t changed all that much in decades. In mid-life, Mosley would carve for eight hours a day after working his full-time night job at the U.S. Postal Service—a stable “means to an end” position he held for 40 years while raising six kids—and 12 hours a day on weekends. Today, he spends five to seven hours a day in his rented basement studio on the North Side, working creatively among a forest of sculptures, a few nearly twice his size. Occasionally, he takes a break on a Sunday to visit family. “I work faster now, but I worked longer when I was younger,” says Mosley.
Turning wood and stone into art is not a fast process. Many of Mosley’s sculptures include four or five components, some weighing more than 100 pounds each. A large work usually takes him a month or two to complete; some take up to four.
“My studio makes me want to work,” says Mosley, whose compact, muscular build hints at the vigor needed to coax his sculptures to life. “At night, I’m thinking about what I’m going to do the next day. I always believe I’m going to do something better than I’ve done before. Maybe it doesn’t happen, but it’s a challenge, and I find satisfaction in it. I have a sense of urgency while I’m able to do it.”
In a way, his participation in the Carnegie International, opening next October, means he’s come full circle. Carnegie Museum of Art was the New Castle native’s informal art school—the place where, while studying journalism and English at nearby University of Pittsburgh in the late 1940s, he fell in love with art. At a painter friend’s prompting, “We would spend a lot of time in the collection just looking, looking at certain pieces from every angle to figure out how they were made,” he recounts. “I think sometimes we looked so long and hard the guards thought we were looking to remove a big bronze or something,” he says, laughing.
“Looking is how we learned. And that’s what I tell people starting in sculpture. Thinking in the round takes a lot of looking, and looking hard until you get a feel for it.”
Mosley is a student of the International, having attended every iteration since the 1950s, when, following World War II, it emerged as an influential show of the avant-garde, documenting the rise of significant developments such as abstract expressionism. In the ’50s, jurors included Marcel Duchamp and Vincent Price. The museum purchased works by Willem de Kooning and Franz Kline for its collection.
“My studio makes me want to work. At night, I’m thinking about what I’m going to do the next day. I always believe I’m going to do something better than I’ve done before. Maybe it doesn’t happen, but it’s a challenge, and I find satisfaction in it.”
“I couldn’t wait to see what surprises were in store,” says Mosley, noting in those days people went to the show’s openings as much to see the artists as the art. “The Internationals were one of my big joys, especially in the ’50s and ’60s. You got to see things you would never see any other time—work from Borneo, China, Bali, South America. They’re among my favorite memories of learning about art—you would see such a wide range of stuff in one show.”
Next year, he’ll be one of those surprises. “It’s like, I guess, the little league baseball player finally becoming a major leaguer,” he says, using an analogy befitting a former sports reporter.
Born to a coal miner father and a seamstress mother, Mosley graduated from New Castle High School with honors and as class president in 1945, and was drafted into a segregated Navy, stationed first in Illinois and then the Western Pacific. He was 20 when he was demobilized and entered Pitt, where the only blacks employed by the university were service workers.
With plans to be a magazine writer, Mosley registered as a dual English and journalism major, prompting the English department’s dean to call him to his office. “He told me he was curious about an Afro-American wanting to major in English.” When Mosley responded with the names of famous black writers and colleges, the administrator seemed completely unfamiliar with them. “That was curious to me,” he says. “But people didn’t want to know because they didn’t want anything to disrupt their conclusions that they had about your inability.”
A book assigned in a world history class changed the trajectory of his life. In it, he discovered a sculpture by Romanian artist Constantin Brâncuși. Displayed directly across from it was a sculpture by an unknown African sculptor.
“It was 1948 and I had never seen a piece of African tribal art,” recalls Mosley. “It was paired with Brâncuși’s art. I was stunned by seeing this even though I wasn’t an artist. It just blew me away.”
Joined by Japanese-American artist and landscape architect Isamu Noguchi, whose work Mosley admired in five Internationals, Brâncuși and African tribal art remain Mosley’s deepest influences. He carved his first sculptures about five years later, at the age of 28, following a trip to Kaufmann’s department store in downtown Pittsburgh.
At the time, Scandinavian furniture was all the rage, and displayed with it at Kaufmann’s were petite wood carvings of birds and fish. “They wanted $75 for one and $125 for another, and in the 1950s that was a lot more money than it is now. I looked at them and thought to myself, ‘Heck, I can do that,’” says Mosley, smiling his laid-back smile, chuckling at himself. “I picked up a couple of 2-by-4s and made mine bigger and fatter than the Scandinavian ones.
“My art started because I wanted it for my house. I’ve always made things for myself. Still do.”
By that time, he was married with a family, and was covering high school and college sports 20 to 30 hours a week, sometimes more, for the Pittsburgh Courier, while also working at the post office. Eventually he gave up the reporting to focus his free time on making art.
He and other artist friends showed their work in their Hill District community whenever and wherever they could—in parks, on porches, and in garages, usually on Sundays to catch the after-church crowds. In 1959, he entered his first juried show at the Three Rivers Arts Festival. Jerry Caplan, a sculptor who taught at Chatham University, saw his work and encouraged him to join the Society of Sculptors, which he did, as well as the Associated Artists of Pittsburgh.
William Palmer (left) and Thaddeus Mosley with their work at the Three Rivers Arts Festival in 1959—a moment, captured by Teenie Harris, marking Mosley’s first juried show.
Community members pose with the Phoenix in 1979.
In 1966, then Carnegie Museum of Art director Leon Arkus offered him a one-man show. With few galleries in Pittsburgh at the time, it was a coveted honor. Featuring eight sculptures, the exhibition opened in 1968, right around the time Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated. Violence erupted in cities across the country, including in the predominantly black neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, and some local protesters called on black artists to refuse to show their work in white institutions like Carnegie Museum of Art.
Mosley, who had protested discriminatory hiring practices at places like Duquesne Light and U.S. Steel, forged ahead, and the show’s success led to more recognition. In 1979, he was named Artist of the Year by the Pittsburgh Center for the Arts—all while still working full-time at the post office. He also taught summer classes in wood sculpture for 28 years at the Touchstone Center for Crafts in Fayette County. In 1992, he was able to retire from “the drudge work” of sorting mail and five years later had another solo show at the museum.
What is it about wood? “It was free and available,” explains Mosley, noting in the early days he could get his hands on it easily through nearby public works departments. He grew to love its warmth, its colors, and the texture of hardwoods, using mostly walnut, wild cherry, and elm.
In his sculptures, the artist conveys a sense “of levitation, a feeling of movement as you walk around them. They should look and feel like they’re floating,” he explains, “and the emphasis is up instead of down,” with the most weight at the top of sculpture, not the bottom. Including multiple components, his creations are built to be disassembled, transported, and reassembled.
A rhythm to the work
A beloved elder of Pittsburgh’s art community, Mosley contributes to his city in the same way he’s lived his life: with an abundance of generosity and modesty, and leading by example.
Says artist Diane Samuels, a longtime friend and Mexican War Streets neighbor of Mosley’s who also owns one of his large sculptures: “Years ago, I must have been in New York, and I saw Mikhail Baryshnikov just walking down the street, and I looked at him and it wasn’t that I recognized Baryshnikov right away, but I thought, ‘God, that man isn’t walking, he’s dancing.’ Then I realized who it was. I didn’t say anything to him, but I thought, ‘There is something about completely integrating your art, your body, your philosophy, the brilliance of your art, they’re all one.’
“Thad’s been doing it all these years, but it’s not like ‘Oh, I have to do this.’ It’s more there’s an internal reason why he has to do it.
Mosley in his art-filled home in the Mexican War Streets. Photo: the Mattress Factory
“It’s wonderful that he’s being acknowledged in a very big way now, but Thad’s always been a really great artist—40 years ago, 50 years ago. His artwork, it’s got a really clear vision. The man expresses—in his work and in his self—extraordinary joy about the making and about the thinking that goes into the artwork. He’s an inspiration to many people from that point of view. He’s just kept on, and kept on, and kept on.”
Mosley credits some of the discipline and much of the improvisation in his work to the fact that he came from a musical family. His father played the trumpet and his mother and all four of his sisters played piano, two seriously. He sang a cappella for three years in high school. In 1934, he started listening to jazz, and came up during the heyday of Pittsburgh’s legendary jazz clubs on the North Side and in the Hill District.
“Jazz was part of the all-around culture of my life,” he explained to a group of museum patrons in late September. They’d come to sketch as part of the International’s Tam O’Shanter drawing program, this particular iteration inspired by a jazz playlist culled from Mosley’s personal collection highlighting Pittsburgh legends Sarah Vaughan, Erroll Garner, and Billy Eckstine, set to a slideshow of his work.
Transporter of Fire, 1998, walnut and steel
“Thaddeus is working in a modernist tradition and that sort of space of abstraction —rhythm, form—that he equates very directly to music,” says Ingrid Schaffner, curator of the 2018 Carnegie International.
He’s an active participant in the local jazz scene, spending every Thursday night listening to jazz great and lifelong friend Roger Humphries jam at the James Street Gastropub and Speakeasy on the North Side, before it announced recently its closing. “It’s my religious observance,” says Mosley. “Roger is one of the last of the greats of a legion of great drummers to come out of Pittsburgh. He takes me back to the old days when jazz really flourished.”
Humphries sees the rhythm and improvisation of his craft reflected in his friend’s sculptures. “It’s very creative, you can’t necessarily define it, but you can see it, feel it,” says Humphries about the ripples and the contrast they create in the carved wood.
Over six decades, Mosley estimates he’s made about 700 sculptures, large and small, both in stone and wood. One of his most well-known works, the Phoenix, sits at the corner of Centre Avenue at Dinwiddie Street in the Hill District, signifying the community’s rising from the ashes of the fires set during the civil rights riots of the 1960s. Another, Georgia Gate, was acquired by Carnegie Museum of Art in 1976 and is currently on view as part of 20/20: The Studio Museum in Harlem and Carnegie Museum of Art.
Thaddeus Mosley’s Georgia Gate (at right), created in 1975 and acquired by Carnegie Museum of Art the following year, is currently on view as part of 20/20: The Studio Museum in Harlem and Carnegie Museum of Art.
More than 100 others surround him in his studio, and he lives among another 60 to 70 at his modest home, which is also filled with books—art titles, poetry, a hardback he’s currently reading about astrophysics —as well as his treasured collection of African tribal art, and many creations by friends in the local art community that he relishes.
His work, as is his life, is an accumulation.
“Thaddeus’ work has been in conversation with the Carnegie International for decades,” says Schaffner, “through what he’s brought back to the studio from the exhibitions, and now because he’s part of it. To encounter one of Thaddeus’ sculptures is very satisfying, and you feel that it’s part of a larger body of work. It’s not only about the singular object, but about a world of work you’re brought into.”
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LOCOMOTIVE ENGRS. v. L. & N. R. CO.
LOCOMOTIVE ENGRS. v. L. & N. R. CO.(1963)
Argued: February 21, 1963Decided: April 29, 1963
Under 3 First (i) of the Railway Labor Act, a railroad submitted to the National Railroad Adjustment Board a "minor dispute" with a union growing out of the discharge of an employee. The Board sustained the employee's claim for reinstatement and back pay. The railroad reinstated the employee; but a dispute then ensued as to whether the employee was entitled to full pay for the time lost without deduction for money earned from other employers. This dispute led to a threat of a strike, and the railroad sued in a Federal District Court to enjoin the threatened strike. Held: Under the Railway Labor Act, the union could not legally strike for the purpose of enforcing its interpretation of the Board's money award; it must utilize instead the judicial enforcement procedure provided by 3 First (p) of the Act; and the District Court properly enjoined the threatened strike. Trainmen v. Chicago R. & I. R. Co., 353 U.S. 30 . Pp. 33-42.
297 F.2d 608, affirmed.
Harold C. Heiss argued the cause for petitioners. With him on the briefs were Chas. I. Dawson, Russell B. Day, Harold N. McLaughlin, Wayland K. Sullivan and V. C. Shuttleworth.
John P. Sandidge argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were H. G. Breetz, W. L. Grubbs, M. D. Jones and Joseph L. Lenihan.
MR. JUSTICE STEWART delivered the opinion of the Court.
The respondent railroad company dismissed an employee named Humphries on the ground that he had assaulted two fellow employees. His union, the Brotherhood [373 U.S. 33, 34] of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, protested the discharge. The customary grievance procedures on the property were invoked, but to no avail. To enforce its demand that Humphries be reinstated, the union threatened to call a strike. Before a strike was actually called, the respondent submitted the dispute to the National Railroad Adjustment Board, pursuant to 3 First (i) of the Railway Labor Act. 1 The Adjustment Board sustained the employee's claim for reinstatement in the following brief order:
"Claim sustained with pay for time lost as the rule is construed on the property."
The respondent reinstated Humphries, and, for the purpose of computing his pay for lost time, it asked him to submit a record of the outside income he had earned during the period which followed his dismissal. Humphries and his union resisted this demand for information, claiming that the Adjustment Board's award entitled him to full pay for the time lost, without deduction for outside income.
Several conferences were called to discuss this dispute. When the respondent refused to accede to the union's interpretation of the award's lost-time provision, the union again threatened to call a strike. To forestall the impending work stoppage, the respondent twice petitioned [373 U.S. 33, 35] the Adjustment Board to resolve the dispute as to the amount due Humphries under the award, asking the Board first for a clarification of its earlier order and then submitting the disputed issue for resolution in a separate de novo proceeding. The Adjustment Board refused to entertain either petition, stating in its second order that "The matter must be judged res judicata" in light of the original Adjustment Board decision dealing with the Humphries controversy.
After the respondent had submitted the dispute for the second time to the Adjustment Board, the union set a definite strike deadline. The respondent then brought the present lawsuit in a Federal District Court, requesting injunctive relief against the threatened strike. After the Adjustment Board proceedings were completed, the court issued the injunction, holding that under the Railway Labor Act the union could not legally strike for the purpose of enforcing its interpretation of the Board's money award, but must instead utilize the judicial enforcement procedure provided by 3 First (p) of the Act. 2 190 F. [373 U.S. 33, 36] Supp. 829. The Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit affirmed, 297 F.2d 608, and we granted certiorari to consider an obviously substantial question affecting the administration of the Railway Labor Act. 370 U.S. 908 . For the reasons stated in this opinion, we conclude that the District Court and the Court of Appeals correctly decided the issues presented, and we accordingly affirm the judgment before us.
The statute governing the central issue in this case is 3 First of the Railway Labor Act, covering so-called "minor disputes." 3 The present provisions of 3 First were added to the Act in 1934. 4 The historical background of these provisions has been described at length in previous opinions of this Court. See Elgin, J. & E. R. Co. v. Burley, 325 U.S. 711 ; Trainmen v. Chicago R. & I. R. Co., 353 U.S. 30 ; Union Pacific R. Co. v. Price, 360 U.S. 601 . As explained in detail in those opinions, the 1934 amendments were enacted because the scheme of voluntary arbitration contained in the original Railway Labor Act 5 had proved incapable of achieving peaceful settlements of grievance disputes. To arrive at a more efficacious solution, Congress, at the behest of the several [373 U.S. 33, 37] interests involved, settled upon a new detailed and comprehensive statutory grievance procedure.
Subsections (a) to (h) of 3 First create the National Railroad Adjustment Board and define its composition and duties. 6 Subsection (i) provides that it shall be the duty of both the carrier and the union to negotiate on the property concerning all minor disputes which arise; failing adjustment by this means, "the disputes may be referred by petition of the parties or by either party to the appropriate division of the Adjustment Board . . . ." 7 Subsection (l) directs the appointment of a neutral referee to sit on the Adjustment Board in the event its regular members are evenly divided. 8 Subsection (m) makes awards of the Adjustment Board "final and binding upon both parties to the dispute, except insofar as they shall contain a money award." It further directs the Adjustment Board to entertain a petition for clarification of its award if a dispute should arise over its meaning. 9 And finally, subsections (o) and (p) describe the manner in which Adjustment Board awards may be enforced, providing for the issuance of an order by the Board itself and for judicial action to enforce such orders. 10 [373 U.S. 33, 38]
The several decisions of this Court interpreting 3 First have made it clear that this statutory grievance procedure is a mandatory, exclusive, and comprehensive system for resolving grievance disputes. The right of one party to place the disputed issue before the Adjustment Board, with or without the consent of the other, has been firmly established. Trainmen v. Chicago R. & I. R. Co., 353 U.S., at 34 . And the other party may not defeat this right by resorting to some other forum. Thus, in Order of Conductors v. Southern R. Co., 339 U.S. 255 , the Court held that a state court could not take jurisdiction over an employer's declaratory judgment action concerning an employee grievance subject to 3 First, because, "if a carrier or a union could choose a court instead of the Board, the other party would be deprived of the privilege conferred by 3 First (i) . . . which provides that after negotiations have failed `either party' may refer the dispute to the appropriate division of the Adjustment Board." Id., at 256-257. See Slocum v. Delaware, L. & W. R. Co., 339 U.S. 239 . Similarly, an employee is barred from choosing another forum in which to litigate claims arising under the collective agreement. Pennsylvania R. Co. v. Day, 360 U.S. 548, 552 -553. A corollary of this view has been the principle that the process of decision through the Adjustment Board cannot be challenged collaterally by methods of review not provided for in the statute. In Union Pacific R. Co. v. Price, 360 U.S. 601 , the Court held that an employee could not resort to a common law action for wrongful discharge after the same claim had been rejected on the merits in a proceeding before the Adjustment Board. The decision in that [373 U.S. 33, 39] case was based upon the conclusion that, when invoked, the remedies provided for in 3 First were intended by Congress to be the complete and final means for settling minor disputes. 360 U.S., at 616 -617. See also, Washington Terminal Co. v. Boswell, 75 U.S. App. D.C. 1, 124 F.2d 235 (per Rutledge, J.), aff'd by an equally divided court, 319 U.S. 732 .
Of even more particularized relevance to the issue now before us is this Court's decision in Trainmen v. Chicago R. & I. R. Co., supra. There the railroad had submitted several common grievances to the Adjustment Board pursuant to 3 First (i). The union had resisted the submission, and called a strike to enforce its grievance demands. The Court held that the strike violated those provisions of the Act making the minor dispute procedures compulsory on both parties. In an opinion which reviewed at length the legislative history of the 1934 amendments, the Court concluded that this history entirely supported the plain import of the statutory language - that Congress had intended the grievance procedures of 3 First to be a compulsory substitute for economic self-help, not merely a voluntary alternative to it. For this reason, the Court concluded that the Norris-LaGuardia Act, 29 U.S.C. 101-115, was not a bar to injunctive relief against strikes called in support of grievance disputes which had been submitted to the National Railroad Adjustment Board. 11 [373 U.S. 33, 40]
It is against this pattern of decisions that we must evaluate the petitioners' claim that the District Court in the present case was wrong in enjoining the threatened strike. The claim, simply stated, is that the power to issue injunctions recognized by the Chicago River decision is limited to those situations in which a strike is called during the proceedings before the Adjustment Board. Once a favorable award has been rendered, say the petitioners, the union becomes free to enforce the award as it will - by invoking the judicial enforcement procedures of 3 First (p), or by resorting to economic force. The right to strike, it is argued, is necessary to achieve "the congressional policy of requiring carriers and their employees to settle grievances by the collective bargaining process."
The broad premise of the petitioners' argument - that Congress intended to permit the settlement of minor disputes through the interplay of economic force - is squarely in conflict with the basic teaching of Chicago River. After a detailed analysis of the historic background of the 1934 Act, the Court there determined that "there was general understanding between both the supporters and the opponents of the 1934 amendment that the provisions dealing with the Adjustment Board were to be considered as compulsory arbitration in this limited field." 353 U.S., at 39 .
The petitioners' narrower argument - that, at the least, strikes may be permitted after the Adjustment Board makes an award - is likewise untenable under the circumstances of this case. We do not deal here with nonmoney awards, which are made "final and binding" by 3 First (m). 12 The only portion of the award which presently remains unsettled is the dispute concerning the [373 U.S. 33, 41] computation of Humphries' "time lost" award, an issue wholly separable from the merits of the wrongful discharge issue. This, then, is clearly a controversy concerning a "money award," as to which decisions of the Adjustment Board are not final and binding. 13 Instead, the Act provides a further step in the settlement process. If the carrier does not comply with the award, or with the employee's or union's interpretation of it, 3 First (p) authorizes the employee to bring an action in a Federal District Court to enforce the award. 14 The lawsuit is to "proceed in all respects as other civil suits," but the findings and order of the Adjustment Board are to be regarded as "prima facie evidence" of the facts stated in the complaint. The employee is excused from the costs of suit, and, in addition, is awarded attorney's fees if he prevails. The total effect of these detailed provisions is to provide a carefully designed procedure for reviewing money awards, one which will achieve the reviewing function without any significant expense to the employee or his union. See Washington Terminal Co. v. Boswell, supra.
The express provision for this special form of judicial review for money awards, both in subsection (m) and again in subsection (p), makes it clear that Congress regarded this procedure as an integral part of the Act's grievance machinery. Congress has, in effect, decreed a two-step grievance procedure for money awards, with the first step, the Adjustment Board order and findings, serving as the foundation for the second. Money awards against carriers cannot be made final by any other means. To allow one of the parties to resort to economic self-help at this point in the process would violate this direct statutory command. It would permit that party to withdraw at will from the process of settlement which Congress has [373 U.S. 33, 42] expressly required both parties to follow. In addition, it would obviously render the earlier parts of the grievance procedure totally meaningless.
A strike in these circumstances would therefore be no less disruptive of the explicit statutory grievance procedure than was the strike enjoined in the Chicago River case. Consequently, the reasons which, in that case, required accommodating the more generalized provisions of the Norris-LaGuardia Act apply with equal force to the present case. 15 We hold that the District Court was not in error in issuing the injunction.
MR. JUSTICE BLACK dissents.
[ Footnote 1 ] "(i) The disputes between an employee or group of employees and a carrier or carriers growing out of grievances or out of the interpretation or application of agreements concerning rates of pay, rules, or working conditions, including cases pending and unadjusted on June 21, 1934, shall be handled in the usual manner up to and including the chief operating officer of the carrier designated to handle such disputes; but, failing to reach an adjustment in this manner, the disputes may be referred by petition of the parties or by either party to the appropriate division of the Adjustment Board with a full statement of the facts and all supporting data bearing upon the disputes." 45 U.S.C. 153 First (i).
[ Footnote 2 ] "(p) If a carrier does not comply with an order of a division of the Adjustment Board within the time limit in such order, the petitioner, or any person for whose benefit such order was made, may file in the District Court of the United States for the district in which he resides or in which is located the principal operating office of the carrier, or through which the carrier operates, a petition setting forth briefly the causes for which he claims relief, and the order of the division of the Adjustment Board in the premises. Such suit in the District Court of the United States shall proceed in all respects as other civil suits, except that on the trial of such suit the findings and order of the division of the Adjustment Board shall be prima facie evidence of the facts therein stated, and except that the petitioner shall not be liable for costs in the district court nor for costs at any subsequent stage of the proceedings, unless they accrue upon his appeal, and such costs shall be paid out of the appropriation for the expenses of the courts of the United States. If the petitioner shall finally prevail he shall be allowed a reasonable attorney's fee, to be [373 U.S. 33, 36] taxed and collected as a part of the costs of the suit. The district courts are empowered, under the rules of the court governing actions at law, to make such order and enter such judgment, by writ of mandamus or otherwise, as may be appropriate to enforce or set aside the order of the division of the Adjustment Board." 45 U.S.C. 153 First (p).
[ Footnote 3 ] There can be no doubt that the controversy over the amount of the "time lost" award is a minor dispute, because it involves "the interpretation or application" of the collective agreement between the railroad and the union. See note 1, supra. See also, Elgin, J. & E. R. Co. v. Burley, 325 U.S. 711 ; Trainmen v. Chicago R. & I. R. Co., 353 U.S. 30 .
[ Footnote 4 ] 48 Stat. 1185, 1189 (1934).
[ Footnote 5 ] 44 Stat. 577, 578 (1926).
[ Footnote 6 ] 45 U.S.C. 153 First (a)-(h).
[ Footnote 7 ] See note 1, supra.
[ Footnote 8 ] 45 U.S.C. 153 First (l).
[ Footnote 9 ] "(m) The awards of the several divisions of the Adjustment Board shall be stated in writing. A copy of the awards shall be furnished to the respective parties to the controversy, and the awards shall be final and binding upon both parties to the dispute, except insofar as they shall contain a money award. In case a dispute arises involving an interpretation of the award, the division of the Board upon request of either party shall interpret the award in the light of the dispute." 45 U.S.C. 153 First (m).
[ Footnote 10 ] "(o) In case of an award by any division of the Adjustment Board in favor of petitioner, the division of the Board shall make an order, directed to the carrier, to make the award effective and, if the [373 U.S. 33, 38] award includes a requirement for the payment of money, to pay to the employee the sum to which he is entitled under the award on or before a day named." 45 U.S.C. 153 First (o). The language of 3 First (p) is set out in note 2, supra.
[ Footnote 11 ] "[The Norris-LaGuardia Act was designed primarily] to prevent the injunctions of the federal courts from upsetting the natural interplay of the competing economic forces of labor and capital. Rep. LaGuardia . . . recognized that the machinery of the Railway Labor Act channeled these economic forces, in matters dealing with railway labor, into special processes intended to compromise them. Such controversies, therefore, are not the same as those in which the injunction strips labor of its primary weapon without substituting any reasonable alternative." 353 U.S., at 40 -41. Cf. Manion v. Kansas City Terminal R. Co., 353 U.S. 927 , which held that injunctive [373 U.S. 33, 40] relief is not available if the processes of the Railway Labor Act have not actually been invoked. Compare Sinclair Refining Co. v. Atkinson, 370 U.S. 195, 210 -212.
[ Footnote 12 ] See note 9, supra.
[ Footnote 15 ] See note 11, supra.
MR. JUSTICE GOLDBERG, with whom MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS joins, dissenting.
This Court's decision in the Chicago River case, Trainmen v. Chicago R. & I. R. Co., 353 U.S. 30 , holds that strikes are excluded pending grievance proceedings over "minor disputes" before the Adjustment Board. Though this is all that Chicago River holds, the Court today impliedly reads it to mean and, indeed, there is language in Chicago River to the effect that Congress is to be taken as having elected in favor of a comprehensive and wholly exclusive system of compulsory arbitration and as having outlawed all use of economic force in the form of a strike at any stage of a "minor dispute" which is subject to consideration by the Adjustment Board. The logic of Chicago River is that "final and binding" awards of the Adjustment Board are enforceable in favor of, or against, either the employer railroad, the union, or the grievant employee in the federal courts. Given the premises of Chicago River, it must follow that such enforcement proceedings are governed by federal law as declared by [373 U.S. 33, 43] this Court in cases such as Steelworkers v. American Mfg. Co., 363 U.S. 564 , Steelworkers v. Warrior & Gulf Co., 363 U.S. 574 , and Steelworkers v. Enterprise Corp., 363 U.S. 593 , and, of course, that the merits of such awards are not subject to de novo consideration upon a petition for judicial enforcement. See Machinists Assn. v. Central Airlines, 372 U.S. 682 .
Here, however, unlike Chicago River, the Adjustment Board proceedings have ended; moreover, we are dealing not with a nonmoney award which is made specifically "final and binding" by the statute, but with a money award which, as the majority recognizes, is governed by different considerations and is treated differently in the statute itself. A money award by the Board is expressly declared by the Act not to be "final and binding." The enforcement machinery contained in subsection (p) of the Act - which the Court's opinion inferentially suggests is confined to money awards, and which I would expressly declare to be so limited 1 - contemplates for such awards not that limited type of review applicable to "final and binding" nonmoney awards, but a de novo [373 U.S. 33, 44] trial before the court, subject only to the limitation, as the statute requires, that the findings of fact of the Board shall constitute "prima facie" evidence. Under such circumstances, the logic of Chicago River in excluding strikes in favor of an exclusive scheme of "compulsory arbitration" seems to me to have no application, for here we are dealing with nonfinal and nonbinding awards, the direct antithesis of a compulsory arbitration scheme.
In addition, the Court's opinion leads to what seems to me to be a wholly anomalous result plainly never intended by Congress. What was merely expressed as dicta in Union Pac. R. Co. v. Price, 360 U.S. 601 , is apparently reinforced by today's holding. In Price, the Court said, though the question was not before it, that a strike against an Adjustment Board award denying a money claim of a grievant could be enjoined in the federal courts under the rationale of Chicago River. See 360 U.S., at 611 , n. 10. The Court here holds that a strike to enforce a money award favorable to the claimant is forbidden even when the carrier refuses to abide thereby. In so holding, the Court cites Price with apparent approval and its language supports the result declared by the Price dicta. Thus, as of today, it appears even more clearly that a grievant filing a money claim which is denied by the Adjustment Board is finally bound by the result and may neither bring an independent suit on his claim (the holding of Price 2 ), nor, presumably, utilize economic pressure, i. e., the strike, in support of his claim (the purport of the Price dicta and the thrust of today's holding), nor even seek further judicial review of the merits of his claim since the literal language of subsection (p) applies only to awards in the claimant's favor. The carrier will have no reason to seek further judicial review because the award is favorable to it and both the unsuccessful grievant and the union are [373 U.S. 33, 45] without effective means to prevent its enforcement. Thus, under today's opinion and the prior cases cited therein, the grievant whose money claim is denied by the Board is wholly without further remedy or recourse.
Such complete foreclosure of a losing money claimant would be less objectionable were it not for the wholly disparate consequences obtaining as a result of today's decision when it is the carrier who loses on a money claim before the Board. If this occurs, the carrier is free to refuse to comply, as it did here; since today's opinion forecloses other avenues of relief to the successful grievant and his union, the carrier, by such recalcitrance, can compel a suit to enforce the award under subsection (p), which requires an entire retrial of the issues in court. During this lengthy procedure and, presumably, even at its conclusion, the grievant and the union will be left without economic or other recourse. The net result, therefore, is that on all money claims, the award of the Board is "final and binding," and not subject to further review or other challenge, if the claimant loses, but it is subject to de novo review and trial at the sole behest of the employer, if the employer loses. And in either case, apparently, the union is completely foreclosed even from using its most traditional weapon, the strike. I cannot believe that Congress intended such an unevenhanded application of the statute. Nor can I believe, as the Court holds, that Congress could have contemplated that the protection of the right to strike afforded by the Norris-LaGuardia Act was being rescinded in favor of such an inadequate and unfair procedure as the Court declares the Act to have created.
Absent a willingness to permit equally broad de novo review to a grievant whose money claim is denied by the Board, 3 a reading of the statute which admittedly seems contrary to literal words of subsection (p), the only interpretation [373 U.S. 33, 46] which provides a semblance of fairness in this situation is one which interprets congressional intent to be that, in money-claim cases at least, the right to strike - while perhaps suspended during Adjustment Board proceedings - is available either if the Board decides for the claimant and the carrier does not comply, or if the Board decides for the carrier and the claimant does not acquiesce. This at least would not leave the entire balance in money cases in favor of the carrier.
The suggested result is in no way foreclosed by Chicago River, which did not treat of the difference between enforcement of money and nonmoney awards once made, nor by Price, since that case did not deal with the right to strike, and is distinguishable on the ground that there, having once resorted to the Adjustment Board, the losing grievant could not, under traditional election-of-remedy principles, relitigate the same issues afresh by bringing an independent, unrelated common-law action in another forum. 4
My ultimate view, therefore, is that Congress - whatever its intent with respect to impliedly repealing the Norris-LaGuardia Act in nonmoney cases in which the Board's decision is expressly made final and binding - cannot fairly be deemed to have intended such a repeal in money-award cases, in which the Board's decisions are expressly not final and binding. The legislative history is not merely uninstructive as to today's result; it clearly demonstrates that Congress never focused on or considered the problem here raised, or even recognized the anomaly today's opinion in part effects and in part portends. Notwithstanding, the Court has read Congress as intending allowance of what in Chicago River was [373 U.S. 33, 47] described as an injunction which "strips labor of its primary weapon without substituting any reasonable alternative." 353 U.S., at 41 . To impute so drastic a result without any clear indication that it was intended seems to me to be unwarranted.
I reach these conclusions reluctantly since I believe that arbitration of grievances is, in general, a salutary policy in the field of labor-management relations and contributes substantially to industrial peace. Wholly apart from questions as to the general desirability of compulsory arbitration, the results flowing from Chicago River would, in these terms, be commendable, assuming that the normally cumbersome and slow procedures of the Adjustment Board could be expedited to achieve the efficacy and efficiency typical of private labor arbitrations and essential to success of the process. The court procedure under subsection (p) of the Act, which today is made an integral, if not mandatory, part of the statutory grievance machinery, will, however, only increase the already undue delay in resolution of grievances. 5 Moreover, the de novo nature of the requisite court trial on review under subsection (p) [373 U.S. 33, 48] runs directly contrary to the best view of the treatment to be judicially accorded such awards. See, e. g., Steelworkers v. Enterprise Corp., supra, 363 U.S., 596-599. These latter considerations do not themselves compel my conclusion here, however, for standing alone they are the result of policy determinations which, in this instance, either have already been made by, or are more properly committed to, Congress as direct consequences of the literal statutory scheme. They are, nonetheless, relevant factors in appraising the propriety and wisdom of the Court's construction of the statute and its estimate of the intention of its framers.
Thus, with all deference, I must respectfully dissent from today's opinion since, though neither mandated by this Court's prior holdings nor supported, much less compelled, by specific congressional intent, it creates additional exceptions to the Norris-LaGuardia Act protections and does so in a fashion which effects, in my view, an unfair imbalance, if not outright clear advantage, in favor of the carrier and against the employee and his union.
[ Footnote 1 ] A common sense and practical reading of the statutory provisions seems to me to compel the conclusion that subsection (p) is confined in its application to money claims. Subsection (m) makes all nonmoney awards "final and binding" and any reading of subsection (p) which allowed de novo review of the merits of such awards would be directly contradictory to the effect expressly accorded to them. Moreover, subsection (o) provides that if the claimant wins, the Board shall enter an "order, directed to the carrier, to make the award effective" and that, in cases involving a money award, such order shall require payment by a day certain. Such detailed direction with respect to the money-award order would appear exclusively complementary to the provision in subsection (p), the immediately succeeding section, which provides for the de novo review only in cases in which a losing carrier does not comply with the award "within the time limit in such order." (The relevant subsections of the Act are set out in notes 2, 9, and 10, of the Court's opinion, ante, pp. 35, 37.)
[ Footnote 2 ] See also Pennsylvania R. Co. v. Day, 360 U.S. 548 .
[ Footnote 3 ] Cf. United States v. Interstate Commerce Comm'n, 337 U.S. 426 .
[ Footnote 4 ] In fact, the manner in which the Court in Price distinguished its earlier decision in Moore v. Illinois Central R. Co., 312 U.S. 630 , suggests this very rationale. See 360 U.S., at 609 , n. 8.
[ Footnote 5 ] While the Adjustment Board handles and disposes of an impressive number of cases each year, the backlog of pending disputes is immense. During its 1962 fiscal year, a total of 997 cases were disposed of by decision and 383 cases were withdrawn. During the same period, however, 1,873 new cases were docketed. The total of 1,380 cases thus removed from the docket during the year still fell almost 500 cases short of equalling the number of new grievances filed. At the end of the year, the Board had still pending before it some 6,461 cases, of which only 1,679 had been heard. By way of comparison, though there were 4,948 cases pending at the end of fiscal year 1958, only 415 of these had not been heard. In only one of the past five fiscal years has the Board even come close to maintaining an equilibrium in its backlog by being able to dispose of almost as many cases as were docketed during the period. Twenty-eighth Annual Report of the National Mediation Board for fiscal year ended June 30, 1962, pp. 59, 86. [373 U.S. 33, 49]
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CUPE Local 37 calls upon people of Calgary to help end the high cost of Waster Management
CUPE Local 37 - Background
Calgary – Refuse Collectors with the City of Calgary want to do something about the high cost of waste management.
Approximately half a million dollars is spent annually by the City because of workplace accidents. Every year over 2000 working days are lost because of injury suffered by the City’s refuse collectors.
“We are talking about ten lost years,” says CUPE Local 37 President, Dan Donohue. “Out of 208 collection days per year, the City is paying for over 2000 lost working days in replacement wages and Workers’ Compensation costs. The real shame is that these accidents could be prevented,” he said.
Last March, City Council passed new by-laws restricting the weight for household garbage pick-up and limiting the size of garbage containers. “We commend the City on passing these new by-laws. However, our members are saying loud and clear that not enough people know about the new rules. Accidents from heavy lifting continue at an alarming rate,” he added.
In releasing the figures on accident and injury suffered by the City’s refuse collectors, CUPE is calling on the people of Calgary to help out. The union is launching a public awareness campaign urging residents to call City Hall and ask elected officials to do more to get the word out.
“The people of Calgary have told us that garbage collection is one of the top rated services in the City. We are confident that residents will want to help their refuse collectors make it safely through the day,” said Donohue.
CUPE is Canada’s largest union with over half a million women and men who provide public services. In Alberta, CUPE’s 31,000 members work in health care, municipalities, schools, colleges, universities, libraries, emergency medical services, social services and now casinos. Visit our CUPE websites for more information cupe.ca and cupealberta.ca
Pam Beattie, CUPE Communications (780) 288-1230 (cellular)
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Tag: Stewart Brand
Why Science Fiction is Necessary for Our Survival in the Future
Two weeks ago it was “Back to the Future Day”. More specifically, Doc and Marty McFly reached the future at exactly October 21st, 2015 in the second movie in the series. Me being a futurist, I was invited to several television and radio talk shows to discuss the shape of things to come, which is pretty ridiculous, considering that the future is always about to come, and we should talk about it every day, and not just in a day arbitrarily chosen by the scriptwriters of a popular movie.
All the same, I’ll admit I had an uplifting feeling. On October 21st, everybody was talking about the future. That made me realize something about science fiction: we really need it. Not just for the technological ideas that it gives us (like cellular phones and Tricorders from Star Trek), but also for the expanded view of the future that it provides us with.
Sci-fi movies and book take root in our culture, and establish a longing and an expectation to a well-defined future. In that way, sci-fi creations provide us with a valuable social tool: a radically prolonged Cycle-time, which is the length of time an individual in society tends to look forward to and plan for in advance.
Cycle-times in the Past
As human beings, and as living organisms in general, mother evolution has shaped us into fulfilling one main goal: transferring our genes to our descendants. We are, in a paraphrase of Richard Dawkins’ quote, trucks that carry the load of our genes into the future, as far as possible from our current starting point. It is curious realize that in order to preserve our genes into the future, we must be almost totally aware of the present. A prehistorical person who was not always on the alert for encroaching wolves, lions and tigers, would not have survived very long. Millions of years of evolution have designed living organisms so that they focus almost entirely on the present.
And so, for the first few tens of thousands years of human existence, we ran away from the tigers and chased after the deer, with a very short cycle-time, probably lasting less than a day.
It is difficult, if not impossible, to know when exactly we managed to strike a bargain with Grandfather Time. Such a bargain provided the early humans great power, and all they needed to do in return was to measure and document the passing of hours and days. I believe that we’ve started measuring time quite early in human history, since time measurement brought power, and power ensured survivability and the passing of genes and time measurement methodologies to the next generation.
The first cycle-time was probably quite short, lasting less than a full day. Early humans could roughly calculate how long it will take the sun to set according to its position in the sky, and so they could know when to start or end a hunt before darkness fell. Their cycle-time was a single day. The woman who wanted to know her upcoming menstruation period – which could lead to drawing predators and making it more difficult for her to hunt – could do that by looking at the moon, and by making a mark on a stick every night. Her cycle-time was a full month.
The great leap forward occurred in agricultural civilizations, which were based on an understanding of the cyclical nature of time: a farmer must know the cyclical order of the seasons of the year, and realize their significance for his field and crops. Without looking ahead a full year into the future, agricultural civilizations could not reach their full height. And so, ten thousand years ago, the first agricultural civilizations set a cycle-time of a whole year.
And that is pretty much the way it remained ever since that time.
One of the most ancient cycle-times, and the most common one as well: the seasons of the year.
Religious Cycle-times
Religions initially had the potential to provide longer cycle-times. The clergies have often documented history and made an attempt to forecast the future – usually by creating or establishing complex mythologies. Judaism has prolonged the agricultural cycle-time, for example, by setting a seven year cycle of tending one’s field: six years of growing corps, and a seventh year (Shmita, in Hebrew) in which the fields are allowed to rest.
“For six years you are to sow your fields and harvest the crops, but during the seventh year let the land lie unplowed and unused.” – Exodus, 23, 10-11.
Most of the religious promises for the future, however, were usually vague, useless or even harmful. In his book, The Clock of the Long Now, Stewart Brand repeats an old joke that caricaturizes with more than a shred of truth the difficulties of the Abrahamic religions (i.e. Judaism, Christianity and Islam) in dealing with the future and creating useful cycle-times in the minds of their followers. “Judaism,” writes Brand, “says [that] the Messiah is going to come, and that’s the end of history. Christianity says [that] the Messiah is going to come back, and that’s the end of history. Islam says [that] the Messiah came, and history is irrelevant.” [the quote has been slightly modified for brevity]
While this is obviously a joke, it reflects a deeper truth: that religions (and cultures) tend to focus on a single momentous future, and ignore anything else that comes along. Worse, the vision of the future they give us is largely unhelpful since its veracity cannot be verified, and nobody is willing to set an actual date for the coming of the Messiah. Thus, followers of the Abrahamic religions continue their journey into the future, with their eyes covered with opaque glasses that have only one tiny hole to let the light in – and that hole is in the shape of the Messiah.
Religious futile cycle-time: everybody is waiting for the Messiah, who will come sometime, at some place, somehow.
Why We Need Longer Cycle-times
When civilizations fail to consider the future in long cycle-times, they head towards inevitable failure and catastrophe. Jared Diamond illustrates this point time and time again in his masterpiece Collapse, in which he reviews several extinct civilizations, and the various ways in which they failed to adapt to their environment or plan ahead.
Diamond describes how the Easter Island folks did not think in cycle-times of trees and earth and soil, but instead thought in human shorter cycle-times. They greedily cut down too many of the trees in the island, and over several decades they squandered the island’s natural resources. Similarly, the settlers in Greenland could not think in a cycle-time long enough to contain the grasslands and the changing climate, and were forced to evacuate the island or freeze to death, after their goats and cattle damaged Greenland’s delicate ecology.
The agricultural civilizations, as I wrote earlier, tend to think by nature in cycle-times no longer than several years, and find it difficult to adjust their thinking into longer cycle-times: ones that apply to trees, earth and evolution of animal (and human) evolution. As a result, agricultural civilizations damage all of the above, disrupt their environment, and eventually disintegrate and collapse when their surroundings can’t support them anymore.
If we wish to keep humanity in existence overtime, we must switch to thinking in longer cycle-times that span decades and centuries. This is not to say that we should plan too far ahead – it’s always dangerous to forecast into the long-term – but we should constantly attempt to consider the consequences of our doings in the far-away future. We should always think of our children and grandchildren as we make steps that could determine their fate several decades away from now.
But how can we implement such long-term cycle-times into human culture?
If you still remember where I began this article, you probably realize the answer by now. In order to create cycle-times that last decades and centuries, we need to visit the future again and again in our imagination. We need to compare our achievements in the present to our expectations and visions of the future. This is, in effect, the end-result of science fiction movies and books: the best and most popular of them create new cycle-times that become entwined in human culture, and make us examine ourselves in the present, in the light of the future.
Science fiction movies and stories have an impressive capability to influence social consciousness. Karel Capek’s theater play R.U.R. from 1920, for example, had not only added the word “Robot” to the English lexicon, but has also infected western society with the fear that robots will take over mankind – just as they did in Capek’s play. Another influential movie, The Terminator, was released in 1984 and has solidified and consolidated that fear.
Science fictions does not have to make us fear the future, though. In Japanese culture, the cartoon robot Astro-Boy has become a national symbol in 1952, and ever since that time the Japanese are much more open and accepting towards robots.
Astro Boy: the science fiction series that made Japanese view robots much more warmly than the West.
The most influential science fiction creations are those that include dates, which in effect are forecasts for certain futures. These forecasts provide us with cycle-times that we can use to anchor our thinking whenever we contemplate the future. When the year 1984 has come, journalists all over the world tried to analyze society and see whether George Orwell’s dark and dystopian dream had actually come true. When October 21st 2015 was reached barely two weeks ago, I was interviewed almost all day long about the technological and societal forecasts made in Back to the Future. And when the year 2029 will finally come – the year in which Skynet is supposed to be controlling humanity according to The Terminator – I confidently forecast that numerous robotics experts will find themselves invited to talk shows and other media events.
As a result of the above science fiction creations, and many others, humanity is beginning to enjoy new and ambitious cycle-times: we look forward in our mind’s eye towards well-designated future dates, and examine whether our apocalyptic or utopian visions for them have actually come true. And what a journey into the future that is! The most humble cycle-times in science fiction span several decades ahead. The more grandiose ones leap forward to the year 2364 (Star Trek), 2800 (Dan Simmons’ Hyperion Cantos) or even to the end of the universe and back again (in Isaac Asimov’s short story The Last Question).
The longest cycle-times of science fiction – those dealing with thousands or even millions of years ahead – may not be particularly relevant for us. The shorter cycle-times of decades and centuries, however, receive immediate attention from society, and thus have an influence on the way we conduct ourselves in the present.
Humanity has great need of new cycle-times that will be far longer than any that were established in its history. While policy makers attempt to take into account forecasts that span decades ahead, the public is generally not exposed or influenced by such reports. Instead, the cycle-times of many citizens are calibrated according to popular science fiction creations.
Hopefully, those longer cycle-times would allow humanity to prepare in advance to existential longer-term challenges, such as ecological catastrophes or social collapse. At the very same time, longer cycle-times can also encourage and push forward innovation in certain areas, as entrepreneurs and innovators struggle to fulfill the prophecies that were made for certain technological developments in the future (just think of all the clunky hoverboards that were invented towards 2015 as proof).
In short, if you want to save the future, just write science fiction!
Posted on November 3, 2015 November 3, 2015 by Roey TzezanaPosted in Foresight Methodologies, Science Fiction, Thoughts about the FutureTagged 1984, Astro Boy, Back to the Future, Cycle-Times, History, Religion, Science Fiction, Stewart Brand, The Terminator. 2 Comments
Pace Layer Thinking and the Lucky Iron Fish
When Achariya, an ordinary woman from Cambodia got pregnant, she was scared out of her wits. Pregnancy can become a death sentence for women in developing countries, with every year more than half a million mothers dying during pregnancy or child birth. In Cambodia specifically, “maternity-related complications are one of the leading causes of death among women ages 15 to 49”, according to the Population Reference Bureau. Out of every 100,000 women delivering a baby, 265 Cambodian mothers do not make it out of the birth room alive. In comparison, in developed countries like Italy, Australia and Israel, only 4–6 mothers out of 100,000 perish during childbirth.
While there are many different reasons for the abundance in maternal mortality, a prominent one is chronic conditions like anemia caused by iron deficiency in food. Dietary iron deficiency affects about 60% of pregnant Cambodian women, and results in premature labor, and hemorrhages during childbirth.
There is good evidence that iron can leech out of cast-iron cookware, such tools can be too expensive for the average Cambodian family. But in 2008 Christopher Charles, a student from the University of Guelph had a great idea: he and his team distributed iron discs to women in a Cambodian village, asking them to add it to the pot when making soup or boiling water for rice. The iron was supposed to leech from the ingot and into the food in theory. In practice, the women took the iron nuggets, and immediately used them as doorstops, which did not prove as beneficial to their health.
Charles did not let that failure deter him. He realized he needed to find a way to make the women use the iron ingot, and after a conversation with the village elders a solution was found. He recast the iron in the form of a smiling fish – a good luck charm in Cambodian culture. The newly-shaped fish enjoyed newfound success as women in the village began putting it in their dishes, and anemia rate in the village decreased by 43% within 12 months. Today, Charles and his company are upscaling operations, and during 2014 alone have supplied more than 11,000 iron fish to families in Cambodia.
The Lucky Iron Fish in a gift package.
Source: Wikipedia, by Dflock
Pace Layer Thinking
For me, the main lesson from the iron fish experiment is that new technology cannot be measured and analyzed without considering the way in which society and current culture will accept it. While this principle sounds obvious, many entrepreneurs overlook it, and find themselves struggling against societal forces out of their control, instead of adapting their inventions so that they be easily accepted by society.
We have here, in essence, a very clear demonstration of the Pace Layering model developed and published by Stewart Brand back in 1999. Brand distinguishes between six different layers which describe society, each of which develops and changes at a pace of its own. Those layers are, in order from the ones that change most rapidly, to the ones that are nearly immovable:
Pace Layer Thinking model.
Source: The Clock of the Long Now
The upper layers are moving forward more rapidly than the lower ones. They are the Uber and Airbnb (commerce layer) that stand in conflict with the Government’s regulations (governance layer). They are the ear extenders (fashion layer) that stand in conflict with the unwritten prohibition to significantly alter one’s body in Western civilization (culture layer). And sometimes they are even revolutionary governmental models used to control the population, as did the communist regimes in USSR which conflict with the very biological nature of the human beings put in control over such countries (governance layer vs. nature layer).
As you can see in the following slide (originally from Brand’s lecture at The Interval), the upper layers are not only the faster ones, but they are discontinuous – meaning that they evolve rapidly and jump forward all the time. Unsurprisingly, these layers are where innovations and revolutions occur, and as a result – they get all the attention.
The lower layers are the continuous ones. Consider culture, for example. It is impressively (and frustratingly) difficult to bring changes into a cultural item like religion. It takes decades – and sometimes thousands of years – to make lasting changes in religion. Once such changes occur, however, they can remain present for similar vast periods of time. And some would say that religion and Culture are blindingly fast when compared to the Nature layer, which is almost impossible to change in the lifetime of the individual.
You can easily argue that the Pace Layer Model is flawed, or missing some parts. Evolutionary psychologists, for example, believe that our psychology is a result of our genetics – and thus would probably put some aspects of Culture, Commerce, Governance and even Fashion at the Nature level. Synthetic biologists would say that today we can play with Nature as we wish, and as a result the Nature level should be jumpstarted to an upper level. It could even be said that companies like Uber (Commerce level) are turning out to have more power than governments (Governance level). Regardless, the model provides us with a good standing point to start with, when we try to think of the present and the future.
What does the Pace Layer Model have to do with the smiling luck fish? Everything and nothing. While I don’t know whether Charles has known of the model, a similar solution could’ve been reached by considering the problem in a Pace Layer thinking style. Charles’ problem, in essence, revolved around creating a new Fashion. He had a hard time doing that without resorting to a lower level – the Culture level – and reshaping his idea in ways that would fit the existing culture.
Pace Thinking about the Israel-Palestine Conflict
We can use Pace Layer thinking to consider other problems and challenges in modern times. It’s particularly interesting for me to analyze about the Israel-Palestine ongoing conflict, from a layer-based point of view.
There is currently a wave of terrorist attacks in Israel, enacted by both Palestinians and Israeli-Arabs from East Jerusalem. I would put this present outbreak at the Fashion level: it’s happening rapidly, it’s contagious (more terrorists are making attempts every day), and it’s drawing all of our attention to it. In short, it’s a crisis which we should ignore when trying to get a better long-term view of the overall problem.
What are the other layers we could work with, in regards to the conflict? There is the Commerce layer, representing the trade happening between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. If we want to lessen the frequency of crises like the current one, we should probably find ways to increase trade between the two parties. We could also consider the Infrastructure and Governance layers, thinking about shared cities, buildings or other infrastructures.
Last but not least – and probably most importantly – we need to consider the Culture layer. There is no denying that some aspects of the conflict revolve around the religions and other cultural habituations of each side. When a young Israeli-Arab gets up from bed in the morning, feels repressed and decides to murder a Jewish citizen, we need to ask ourselves why the culture around him hadn’t encouraged him to turn to other means of expressing his anger, like writing a column in the paper, or getting into politics. So the culture must change – and we need to find ways to bring forth such a change.
Obviously, these preliminary ideas and thoughts are merely starting points for a deeper analysis of the problem, but they serve to highlight the fact that every problem and every conflict can be analyzed in several different layers, none of which should be ignored, and that the best solutions should take into consideration several different layers.
The Pace Layer model of thinking can be a powerful tool in the analysis of every challenge, and could be used in many different cases. We’ll probably use it in the future in other articles on this blog, to analyze different situations and crises and examine the deeper layers that exist under the most fashionable and rapid ones.
In the meantime, I dare you to use the Pace Layer model to consider problems of your own – whether they’re of the national kind or entrepreneurial in nature – and report in the comments section what you’ve found out.
Posted on October 17, 2015 October 17, 2015 by Roey TzezanaPosted in Foresight Methodologies, Innovation, Thoughts about the FutureTagged Developing Countries, Iron Fish, Israel, Pace Layer Thinking, Palestine, Stewart Brand. 3 Comments
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DAFC Dream Team Goalkeeper
Date: Sunday, 6th Mar 2005
In association with the matchday programme, we are asking you to record your votes for you favourites players. From your votes, the team that is deemed the greatest will be immortalised in a Dream Team limited edition print. One copy of this print will be given away free in a competition.
VOTING HAS NOW CLOSED
The hero of the 1961 Scottish Cup Final, EDDIE CONNACHAN joined Dunfermline four years earlier from Dalkeith Thistle at the age of 22. He became the number one choice between the sticks in 1959/60 although the arrival of Jim Herriot meant that there was strong competition for the jersey. The 1960/61 Cup campaign actually began with Herriot in goal before a loss of form saw Connachan come in for the quarter-final. His two performances against Celtic in the Final turned the former miner into an East End Park legend. A string of magnificent saves inspired his teammates to a shock victory and, recognising his part in the drama, they carried Eddie from the field on their shoulders as he wept unashamedly. A few months later his ability was acknowledged outside West Fife as he was chosen for the first of his two Scotland caps. After 172 appearances for the Pars, Eddie was transferred to Middlesbrough in 1963 for a fee of £5,500.
His departure ensured that JIM HERRIOT became the undoubted first choice. Signed as an 18 year old in 1958, Jim went on to play in some of Dunfermline’s most memorable European matches, such as Everton and Valencia. He was a key member of the team which made a brave attempt to land the League and Cup double in 1964/65, playing in all but one match that season including the Cup Final defeat by Celtic. The last of his 136 appearances for the Pars was in the 5-1 thrashing of Celtic a few days after the Final. He made an £18,000 move to Birmingham in May 1965 and was selected to play for Scotland eight times before returning home to join Hibs.
Eddie Connachan
The Dane BENT MARTIN cost only £3,500 from Celtic and had been signed because of an injury to his namesake Eric. His team-mates found his approach to training slightly unusual - he liked to play at inside-right during practice matches as he believed that this would give him a better understanding of what strikers would be likely to do when they got near goal! Whether it worked or not, he was capable of pulling off some quite remarkable saves and, despite some inconsistency, became a real favourite of the fans. He played in 117 matches for the Pars with the most famous being the 1968 Cup Final win over Hearts but his career at East End was dogged by some spectacular rows with manager George Farm, himself a former ’keeper, who could never decide between Bent or Willie Duff and probably harmed the confidence of both.
Jim Herriot
Hugh joined from Hibs in 1976, preferring to go part-time to allow him to continue his medical studies at Edinburgh University. His dedication to the game meant that he missed only four league matches during his first five seasons at East End, an incredible record considering his daily workload. Reliable and consistent, Hugh made a goalkeeping record of 362 appearances for the Pars and kept a clean sheet on 116 occasions.
Bent Martin
Westie signed from Hearts in March 1985. He helped the club regain its place in the top flight but missed a large chunk of the first season in the Premier Division due to injury. After losing his place in 1990 Ian decided to move on but Bert Paton brought him back to Dunfermline four years later and, if anything, he looked to be a better goalkeeper than ever. He stayed until 2000 and represented the Pars 361 times (one of those being as an outfield substitute!) and recorded 115 shutouts.
Andy Rhodes was an established goalkeeper within the English League set up with Oldham Athletic when he joined The Pars. Following in the footsteps of Andy Goram, Rhodes soon found himself the centre of attention between the sticks.
At the time of Jim Leishman`s controversial departure from the club, Rhodes joined Dunfermline for £80,000 from Oldham in July 1990, to provide competition for the number one jersey with Ian Westwater.
Rhodes went onto play only 89 games for Dunfermline, but most of them were for a side at the wrong end of the league. Many a "drubbing" would have ensued had it not been for Rhodes` incredible shot stopping abiltities. His penalty saving technique was also legendary!
Rhodes moved onto St Johnstone for a fee of £300,000 in 1992 and was replaced by Lindsay Hamilton as Pars number one. He famously played in goals for Airdrie when Dunfermline beat them 2-1 to win the first division title in 1996 and returned once again to take the comedy plaudits during the Stewart Petrie testimonial match in 2003.
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Improving the electoral process
There is a need to improve the system of elections so that participation in elections is not the only preserve of the opulent classes, and commoners could also get involved in the electoral process
Mohammad Jamil
Addressing the meeting of judges belonging to special tribunals and administrative courts, Chief Justice of Pakistan Justice Mian Saqib Nisar said: “The Constitution is the supreme document of any country.”
Constitution is indeed the fundamental law of the country, which defines the authority and jurisdiction of the all three organs (legislature, executive, judiciary) of the government. Since all the pillars of the state including parliament has to act within its limits, only the Constitution is supreme. Secondly, the parliament can make laws and amend the Constitution, but it cannot alter its basic structure enunciated in the article 2(A).
In India, there were differences between the judiciary and the parliament regarding the issue of basic structure. However, article 13 of the Indian Constitution restricts parliament from making any laws that negate the fundamental rights. And both the SC and HC can strike down (judicial review) any law made by parliament if it contravenes any other provision of the constitution.
Indian Supreme Court had struck down the ‘draconian’ Section 66A, whereby the supremacy of the parliament was restricted. It means that Indian constitution has checks and balances to allow all the three organs to operate independently, and at the same time to have reasonable limits so that no one becomes so powerful that he is not answerable to anyone. In the UK, parliamentary sovereignty is a principle of the UK constitution, which makes Parliament the supreme legal authority in the UK that can create or abolish any law. Generally, the courts cannot overrule its legislation and no parliament can pass laws that future parliaments cannot change. The UK is perhaps the only country that does not have a written constitution. The constitution may not exist in a single text but large parts of it are written down, much of it in the laws passed in parliament — known as statute law.
Therefore, the UK constitution is often described as partly written and wholly uncodified, which means that the UK does not have a single, written constitution. In the US, Congress can pass laws, but it is ultimately the Supreme Court that judges whether those laws are ‘constitutional’. In Pakistan, a section of intellectuals and constitutional experts hold the view that the parliament is supreme and it has the right to frame or amend the constitution. Recently, a person specific amendment was made in the constitution allowing the disqualified prime minister as head of the party. Though all pillars of the state talk about their primacy, on a constitutional polity, which we are, it is indeed the constitution which is supreme. Neither is anyone superior over others, nor inferior to others. All are subservient to the constitution, and all are bound to follow its dictates and stipulations.
No doubt, constitutional disputes and differences occur even in entrenched democracies. However, incidence of such tiffs is indeed reduced to the minimum if all the state pillars respect the supremacy of the constitution and abide by it in letter and spirit. In Pakistan, members of the parliament blame the judiciary for legitimising the military dictatorships conveniently forgetting that they had aided and abetted the dictators. Article 6 of the constitution reads: (1) Any person who abrogates or subverts or suspends or holds in abeyance, or attempts or conspires to abrogate or subvert or suspend or hold in abeyance, the Constitution by use of force or show of force or by any other unconstitutional means shall be guilty of high treason. (2) Any person aiding or abetting or collaborating in the acts mentioned in clause (1) shall likewise be guilty of high treason.”
Major political parties are being run as top leadership’s fiefdoms, dynasties or family enterprises, and one does not see democracy in any of these parties
Major political parties are being run as top leadership’s fiefdoms, dynasties or family enterprises, and one does not see democracy in any of these parties. After deletion of sub-clause 4 of Article 17 that read: “Every political party shall, subject to law, hold intra-party elections to elect its office-bearers and party leaders”, the dictatorship of the party leadership had further been reinforced. In 18th amendment, Article 63-A with regard to disqualification of a member on the grounds of defection has empowered the party head as instead of parliamentary party leader, the party’s head would have the right to send disqualification reference of the elected member of the assembly. The self-styled custodians of democracy have always been authoritarian and arrogant leaders, who dictate party policies, and wish to be elected unopposed as lifetime chairman of the parties.
The Westminster model of parliamentary democracy was the first of the modern systems that evolved, as the new classes associated with the market economy emerged. This British model was at best a compromise model after seesaw battles had been fought between the ‘royalists’ of the British aristocracy and the representatives of the emerging new classes. It was a system that finally gave the commoners the right to elect the lower house members and government, while retaining the king as a figure-head of state and the house of lords as the upper house where the country’s hereditary feudal representatives sat on the basis of their titles. The system is successful in England, as the country is developed, and it caters to the needs at home and abroad. In a country like Pakistan, there is a need to improve the system of elections so that participation in elections is not the only preserve of the opulent classes, and middle classes/commoners could also get involved in the election process.
The writer can be reached at mjamil1938@hotmail.com
Published in Daily Times, February 7th 2018.
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Dispelling the ‘Bin Laden’ Options Trades By Steven Smith and Aaron L. Task
By Steven Smith and Aaron L. Task
Global Research, August 31, 2007
Staff Reporters
8/30/2007 3:23 PM EDT
http://www.thestreet.com/
Updated from 7:07 a.m. As if the mortgage-market meltdown wasn’t enough to spook investors, some market players expressed concerns about unusual options bets that some observers have dubbed “Bin Laden Trades.” The blogosphere and options trading desks have been rife with speculation about these trades, which are unusually large bets that the market will make a huge move in the next month.
Some entity, or entities, has taken a large position on extremely deep in the money S&P 500 options, both puts and calls, that won’t pay off unless the market undergoes an extremely large price move between now and the options’ expiration on Sept. 21. However, Dan Perper, a Partner at Peak 6, one of the largest option market makers and proprietary trading firms, has confirmed that the trades are part of a “box-spread trade.” “This was done as a package in which the box spread was used [as a] means of alternative financing at more attractive interest rates” explained Perper.
Simply put, two parties agree to trade the box at a price that essentially splits the difference between current rates. For example, the rough numbers would be that given the September 700/1700 box must settle at a value of 1,000 — it is currently trading around 997 — that translates into a 5% interest rate. For the seller it is a way to borrow money at a slight discount to the prevailing rate, and for the buyer, it is a way to lend money at a low rate of return, but it’s better than nothing at a time when others are scared and have painted themselves into a box (ha ha) because they have run out available funds. Currently there are about 63,000 700/1700 boxes open.
Perper expects that once the September options expire, you will see similar boxes established in the December series. As to why the September 700 put has over 116,000 contracts open, Perper thinks a good portion of that was created from the prior rollover when April options expired. The positions in question had option industry experts perplexed to come up with a rational explanation, which are far from the best or most efficient way to profit from what would be outlier events.
Those concerned about the worst-case scenario recalled that large put contracts were placed on airline stocks, notably American, a unit of AMR and United Airlines, in the weeks leading up to the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attacks. The first area of focus was that open interest September 700 S&P puts had such an unusually high number for such a low-probability trade. A put is a defensive bet that gives the holder the right to sell a security at a specified price, in this case more than 50% below the S&P 500‘s current level of 1463 as of Wednesday’s close.
For comparison’s sake, according to the Option Clearing Corp., the open interest in the July 700 strike some three weeks prior to expiration on July 20 was 790 calls and 7,300 puts, and the August 700 strike showed 1,250 calls and 14,800 puts prior to Aug. 17 expiration. And the volume completely outstrips anything seen last September, when the S&P was around 1300, some 20% below current levels. In September 2006, the 700 strike had 600 calls and 7,500 puts, and no strike below 1000 had open interest surpassing 42,000 contracts, and that was the 900 puts. The bulk of the September SPX trades in question have been put on since June 1.
Similar bets have also been placed on the DJ Eurostoxx 50 index, which won’t pay off unless the index tumbles nearly 25% to 2800, or below, by expiration on the third Friday of September. The trades were noted in various online forums, where the worst case scenario is often the first conclusion: “Only an act of terrorism akin to 9-11 — within the next four weeks — could make these options valuable,” writes one poster in the TickerForum chat room.
Others, such as the “Just Wondrin What Happened” blog, speculated that “China, reeling over losing $10 billion in bad loans to the sub-prime mortgage collapse presently taking place, is going to dump U.S. currency and tank all of Capitalism with a Communist financial revolution.”
Furthermore, the TickerForum posters focused on the 65,000 contracts open on SPX 700 calls, ostensibly bullish bets that give the holder the right to buy the index at that level. Given the fact that these calls are some 700 points in-the-money, and therefore have a delta of 1.0 — meaning the options price moves dollar-for-dollar with the underlying index — “the only advantage to owning them is it would be a more efficient and slightly less capital-intensive way to gain one-to-one exposure” to the S&P 500, Randy Frederick, director of derivatives at Charles Schwab, writes in an email exchange. Frederick noted the Spyder Trust (SPY) and other index and exchange-traded products provide a much more liquid, efficient and higher-leveraged way to establish a bearish position quickly.
Plus, it’s a lot easier to “hide” a big trade in the Spyders than the SPX options, which are only traded on the Chicago Board of Option Exchange and will be seen and facilitated by a tight-knit group of market makers. Because there are about half the number of open contracts on S&P 700 calls vs. puts, it was also posited that these trades are part of a large strangle. There is also open interest of 61,741 on the September 1700 puts. “Since this is only 11 contracts different from the 700 calls, it is possible that these two positions are making up a very large strangle, which could be either a breakout or neutral strategy depending upon whether or not it is a short strangle or a long strangle,” writes Frederick. “If this is a short position, it may be anticipating the market will drop if the Fed does not cut rates as many expect” at its Sept. 18 policy meeting. But such a strangle trade, with each leg being so deep in the money, would require a nearly 50% price move, up or down, to turn a profit. Frederick said the position leaves him more confused than scared, although he wouldn’t dismiss the frightening conclusion bloggers have come to. “It is also interesting that the anniversary of 9/11 occurs between now and the expiration of these options,” he writes.
“Perhaps there is speculation that another attack is in the works.” Brian Overby, director of education at TradeKing, a discount broker that caters to sophisticated option traders, suggested that this could be a box trade before Perper came forth. Overby noted that the September 1700 strike has open interest of 73,745 calls and 61,741 put options. “This could be someone trying to create a box spread, which is a position composed of a long call and short put at one strike, and a short call and long put at a different strike. The position is largely immune to changes in the price of the underlying stock, and in most cases, is a simple interest rate trade.” So the upshot is there is an explanation for this very unusual configuration of open interest in the S&P 500 Index’s September options, but it also shows jitters remain in this market.
Steven Smith writes regularly for TheStreet.com. In keeping with TSC’s editorial policy, he doesn’t own or short individual stocks. He also doesn’t invest in hedge funds or other private investment partnerships. He was a seatholding member of the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) from May 1989 to August 1995. During that six-year period, he traded multiple markets for his own personal account and acted as an executing broker for third-party accounts. He appreciates your feedback; click here to send him an email.To read more of Steve Smith’s options ideas take a free trial to TheStreet.com Options Alerts.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Centre for Research on Globalization.
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← Behind Bush’s Latest Anti-Iranian Threats by Muriel Mirak-Weissbach
IAEA confirms the “peaceful nature of Iran’s nuclear activities” – Full text of Iran-IAEA Modalities of Resolution of Outstanding Issues →
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Crimsonbridge Foundation Team
Crimsonbridge Group
Featured Partnerships
Hispanic Education Imperative
Mind, Brain, and Education Science
English Language Initiatives
Crimsonbridge Leadership Fund
Bridges Program
Bridges for Schools
Gabriela Smith
Gabriela Smith is the founder and president of the Crimsonbridge Foundation and the Crimsonbridge Group, and has over 20 years of experience in philanthropy, education and the nonprofit sector. She designed and launched innovative partnerships in education, as well as nationwide initiatives to improve outreach and services to the Hispanic and immigrant communities. She actively provides strategic guidance and support to Mind, Brain, and Education Science applications and professional development. She has also designed and implemented numerous scholarship and educational programs for children and youth.
Gabriela is a founding investor of Venture Philanthropy Partners and has been an active member of its Board since 2001. She also served as a member of the Dean’s Council of the Harvard Kennedy School, and is currently a member of the Georgetown University Board of Regents, the Georgetown Scholarship Program Advisory Board, and the Georgetown Visitation Salesian Center Advisory Council.
Her professional background includes supervising health and education projects for the World Bank, as well as launching the Hispanic Families Leadership Program while serving as a social worker in Los Angeles. In this role, she worked extensively with the homeless, unemployed, and immigrant communities, helping provide essential social, health and educational services.
Gabriela is a photography enthusiast and created The Crimson Gallery to share her work. She received a master’s degree in Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government, and both a master’s degree in Latin American Studies and Economic Development and a bachelor’s degree in Economics from the University of California, Los Angeles.
Danielle M. Reyes
Danielle M. Reyes is the executive director of the Crimsonbridge Foundation. In this role she leads the daily operations, team, and grantmaking programs of the Foundation. Danielle has worked in education, philanthropy, and the nonprofit sector for more than 25 years. She has extensive experience in the Greater Washington region and has worked regionally, nationally, and in the Caribbean, as a leader and strategist in innovative and inclusive philanthropy, nonprofit capacity building, leadership and organizational development, and communications.
Before joining the Crimsonbridge Foundation, Danielle served as a senior program officer for the Eugene and Agnes E. Meyer Foundation, where she specialized in grantmaking related to economic security, nonprofit sector development, and played a leadership role in developing the foundation’s social media strategy. Prior to that role she served as the executive director of the Latino Student Fund, helping increase access and information on educational opportunities to the Hispanic community of the DC metropolitan area. She also served as the first Western Region Team leader for Reading Is Fundamental. In addition to leading education focused nonprofit organizations, her teaching experience includes several years as a public school teacher, university instructor, and as a U.S. Peace Corps Volunteer in Morocco.
A conservationist, fitness coach, and entrepreneur, Danielle founded Yoga Hikes DC, LLC in 2013 and has spent more than a decade as an active leader in DC’s outdoor fitness community. She currently serves on the board of Rock Creek Conservancy and has served on the national board of directors of The Taproot Foundation, Asian Americans Pacific Islanders in Philanthropy, and as a commissioner of Serve DC – The Mayor’s Office on Volunteerism. Danielle received her bachelor’s degree from the University of Michigan, holds a master’s degree in Teaching from Manhattanville College, where she received the Alumni Valiant Educator Award, and a master’s degree in Administration, Planning, and Social Policy from Harvard University Graduate School of Education, where she co-chaired the Hispanic student society, Comunidad Latina.
Caitlin Furey
Caitlin Furey joined the Crimsonbridge Foundation as a Program Officer in 2016. In her current role, she oversees the Foundation’s Education and Capacity Building partnerships. Caitlin developed a passion for the nonprofit sector, and in particular for youth empowerment and equality of opportunity in education, during her four years working at Girls on the Run of Montgomery County. As the Program Manager at Girls on the Run, Caitlin worked with hundreds of volunteers in schools throughout Montgomery County, and focused on expanding program delivery in Title I schools. She continues to support the mission of Girls on the Run by volunteering as a coach and serving on the Girls on the Run 5K Committee. She is also the President of the Girls on the Run Young Professionals Board.
Outside of work, Caitlin served as a mentor with the An Bryce Foundation from 2015-2017. The An Bryce Foundation strives towards a world where young people have equal opportunity for upward mobility, regardless of their circumstances. In 2017, Caitlin participated in Leadership Greater Washington’s Rising Leaders program, a six-month program for young professionals interested in developing their personal leadership style and connecting with peers working in various sectors.
Caitlin received her bachelor’s degree in Political Science from the University of Notre Dame in 2012. She is also a graduate of the Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School in Washington, DC. In her spare time, Caitlin enjoys running, hiking, cycling, and reading a good book.
Reyna Sharp
As a Program Officer at the Crimsonbridge Foundation, Reyna oversees the Foundation’s partnerships with organizations working in Education and Nonprofit Leadership Development. Reyna brings a wealth of diverse personal and professional experience in education, leadership development, and philanthropy to the Crimsonbridge Foundation. After graduating from the University of Colorado, Reyna joined the El Pomar Foundation as a Fellow, where she worked on programs to encourage leadership and community development. She directed a college leadership program, partnering with universities across Colorado.
She later worked as the Director of Special Projects at The Donnell-Kay Foundation, a private family foundation that works to improve public education in Colorado through research, policy, creative dialogue, and critical thinking. In her role there, she implemented a pilot training program to help new school leaders successfully open K-12 schools serving low-income communities.
While living overseas with her husband, Reyna worked as an instructor of English as a Second Language, teaching in K-12 schools and adult programs in Europe, Africa, and Washington, DC. Most recently, Reyna worked on projects with the Carlos Rosario International Public Charter School and the DC Bar Foundation, helping to address educational and other critical needs of immigrant and underserved communities in Washington, DC.
Reyna holds a master’s degree in Education from George Mason University and a bachelor’s in Political Science as well as a Certificate in Leadership from the University of Colorado. Reyna is a mentor for an adult immigrant through the Carlos Rosario School. In addition, she is a certified yoga teacher passionate about women’s empowerment. In her spare time, she is an outdoor enthusiast who loves to travel.
Beth Hess
GRANTS AND COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER
As Grants and Communications Officer at the Crimsonbridge Foundation, Beth provides grants management and is responsible for administering grant processes. She also supports the Foundation’s communications including its website, publications, and social media presence.
Beth brings more than a decade of experience in nonprofit communications, program management, and capacity building to her work at the Foundation. Most recently she raised awareness of behavioral health issues and helped to connect Maryland families to needed support as Director of Social Marketing and Outreach at Maryland Coalition of Families. This role included coordination of an annual statewide public awareness campaign on the importance of children’s mental health. Previously, she connected nonprofits throughout Greater Washington to capacity building resources and supports as Director of Communications and Membership at the Center for Nonprofit Advancement. In this role she used a variety of communications strategies to share best practices around nonprofit management, leadership, and board governance with organizations across the region.
In prior communications and program management roles, Beth has helped to bring hands-on afterschool science education to elementary-age children in communities across the country, and supported media relations for a variety of corporate and nonprofit organizations.
Beth holds a bachelor’s degree in Journalism and Political Science from Indiana University of Pennsylvania. In her spare time, Beth is an artist primarily working and teaching using hot glass. She enjoys exploring nature and supporting local crafts people.
Anne Hundertmark
Philanthropy Fellow
As Philanthropy Fellow, Anne provides support to Crimsonbridge’s staff by working on projects related to its programs and grantmaking in education, leadership, and capacity building.
A senior at Saint Joseph’s University in Philadelphia, Anne is majoring in Leadership, Ethics, and Organizational Sustainability in the Haub School of Business and minoring in English and Finance. She is Vice President of Programming in Beta Gamma Sigma, the International Business Honors Society, Haub School of Business representative in the Honors College, and a member of the Dean’s Leadership Program. She is also affiliated with Sigma Tau Delta and Alpha Sigma Nu. In the past, Anne worked as the Fundraising and Communications Intern at Horton’s Kids, a nonprofit that supports children and families in Washington, DC. In the future, she hopes to work within the nonprofit field or with benefit corporations.
Laurie Fisher
Laurie Fisher supports the philanthropic work of the Crimsonbridge Group by engaging with community-based and national social service organizations that are providing vital services in the areas of health and family, children and youth, education and community outreach. Laurie is an experienced educator and community outreach organizer in nonprofit program development and management. Her professional background includes serving as the executive director of the Literacy Council of Frederick County, Maryland.
Previously, as senior associate with the American Red Cross International Services program in Washington, DC, she organized national training workshops for students and educators from secondary schools, colleges/universities and law schools for a nationwide public education program on international humanitarian law, relief and development programs and global humanitarian issues. She regularly represented the American Red Cross at higher education conferences working with teaching faculty to share best practices in global education initiatives and led a national train-the-trainer program to develop a national cadre of volunteer instructors. She is currently a Red Cross volunteer disaster responder in Montgomery County, Maryland. Previously she worked internationally with the American Red Cross disaster response program in El Salvador, domestically in Puerto Rico and the Gulf Coast following Hurricane Katrina and in southern California teaching earthquake preparedness and safety programs for the Hispanic community and developed a voter registration program in York, Pennsylvania for Puerto Rican residents.
Laurie received a Master in International Management degree from the Thunderbird School of Global Management in Glendale, Arizona, a B.A. in International Studies and Spanish, and a Certificate in Latin American Studies from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
Steven Muñoz
Senior Grants Advisor
Originally from New Mexico, Steven came to Washington, DC to attend college. A recipient of the Allen M. Carney Memorial Scholarship in Fine Arts, and the Elizabeth Van Swinderen Award, today his work is in the permanent collections of the Western Railroad and Mining Museum in Helper, Utah and Arlington County Government in Virginia. He is passionate about supporting the local arts community. He has juried many shows and reviewed hundreds of art related grant proposals. He is also a practicing artist, producing both woodcut and intaglio prints which he displays at his site Midway Bee.
Currently, Steven is the Director of the Lee Arts Center, an open studio program dedicated to ceramics and printmaking and a program of Arlington Cultural Affairs. For several years prior to assuming the directorship of the Lee Arts Center in early 2009, Steven was the Grants Officer for Arlington Cultural Affairs managing the grant program for the arts, which supports arts organizations and individual artists in Arlington County.
Prior to joining Arlington Cultural Affairs Steven worked as the Grants Manger at the Eugene & Agnes E. Meyer Foundation. He sat on the national board of directors for the Grants Managers Network and served as chair of the DC area chapter. His work history also includes positions with the National Association of State Budget Officers & Federal Funds Information for States, the Phillips Collection, and Hillwood Museum and Gardens.
A certified DC Master Gardener, Steven enjoys spending time gardening and serving as the board chair of City Blossoms. He received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree with a concentration in printmaking from American University.
Samantha Seufert
Crimsonbridge Group Liaison
Samantha Seufert serves as a liaison between the Crimsonbridge Group and the Crimsonbridge Foundation providing administrative and operational support to further the Foundation’s social investment work.
Samantha Seufert has a passion for service and a desire to help all children receive a good education by giving them the tools necessary to succeed in school. While in school, she devoted the majority of her volunteer and work time to expanding educational opportunities for young people and disadvantaged youth, including several years with Restoration Ministries in Harvey, IL where she served as a volunteer tutor with at–risk youth and later joined the staff as the assistant to the director. In that capacity, Samantha supported the organization’s daily operations and assisted in the development of afterschool and summer camp programs. She has also served as a church administrator planning retreats, events, and summer missions trips, and has extensive experience leading youth ministry groups in California.
Samantha earned her B.A. in Elementary Education from Governors State University in University Park, Illinois.
Copyrights Reserved
3 Bethesda Metro Center Suite 960
Crimsonbridge DC Office
1875 Connecticut Avenue, NW
The Crimsonbridge Foundation
The Crimsonbridge Group
The Crimsonbridge Foundation is an entrepreneurial philanthropic organization that builds bridges of collaboration to create transformative solutions to improve the lives of our nation’s youth and families. We innovate and strategically invest in education, leadership development, and capacity building programs to help America’s youth and nonprofit organizations achieve their potential.
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CRPrideFest's mission is to organize a series of activities to engage community members in educational and celebratory events surrounding the LGBTQIA+ community.
The GLRC of Cedar Rapids was formed in 1992 by a group of 30 dedicated Cedar Rapids citizens to maintain a free space for GLB people to meet, socialize and have access to resources. The GLRC stood for The Gay and Lesbian Resource Center of Cedar Rapids and the mission of the early group was to gather books, movies and information about GLB people and make it available to the public. The group offered the local population and visitors to the area a listing of GLB friendly businesses and non-profits.
The locations varied from year to year and were rented as available from local organizations. The group members and community volunteers took turns maintaining the space and making it available almost daily for gatherings and walk in traffic. The group held fundraisers, including an annual picnic and flag football tournament to raise money for purchasing resources and renting the space. The center also maintained an open phone line, shared in cycles by the members, to field calls and answer questions. A newsletter was published and mailed on a quarterly basis and distributed to local establishments. It included a calendar of events and articles of local and national interest. It also contained advertising from local businesses and organizations.
In response to national pride days becoming popular and the community enjoying the social outings, the first Gay Pride Day in Cedar Rapids was held in June of 1995. The event was held in conjunction with other Gay Pride Celebrations in the United States as June is Gay Pride Month. The GLRC’s mission expanded from running the center to sponsoring and organizing Cedar Rapid’s annual gay pride celebration.
In the early 2000’s it was becoming difficult for the group to maintain a brick and mortar space because rent was high and there were not enough volunteers from the community to keep the center staffed on a regular basis. The onset of the internet made the need for a single resource center obsolete. The center was closed and all resources were stored with members or at a locally owned restaurant, Hamburger Mary’s, which became a meeting place for LGBT youth and adults.
In 2007 the original members were gone from the GLRC of Cedar Rapids and the group had faded out. Cedar Rapids Gay Pride was in jeopardy with no one at the helm of the board. A Cedar Valley Pride volunteer moved to Cedar Rapids, called for a new board and recruited new members. It was under this board that the sole mission of the GLRC became Gay Pride Day and the name was briefly changed to CR UNITY.
In 2010 Hamburger Mary’s closed and all remaining resources gathered by the original members were dispersed or lost. The name was changed back to GLRC of Cedar Rapids DBA as CRPrideFest under the current board. The 501c3 was reinstated in 2014.
The traditional space for Pride Day has been Green Square Park in downtown Cedar Rapids. In 2014, the park began undergoing a makeover, leading the current board to find another venue. The insurance and cost for many places in Cedar Rapids were more than the budget would allow. The owner of Belle’s Basix stepped up and offered the bar parking lot, giving the CRPrideFest a free venue while the owner absorbed much of the expenses for insurance, bathrooms, garbage and more. In 2015 and 2016 Gay Pride Day would again be celebrated in the parking lot to give the group time to utilize its newly reissued 501c3, to raise more funds, find a new venue and expand visibility in the community.
In 2017 a new board elected a new venue and date which has transferred into 2018. Now in 2019, we have a larger dedicated Board of Directions than ever. CRPrideFest is held the first week of July at NewBo City Market in downtown Cedar Rapids.
Jen Tibbetts, President
fundraising@crpridefest.com
April Mead, Vice President
entertainment@crpridefest.com
David Maier, Treasurer
treasurer@crpridefest.com
Amy Shoemaker, Secretary
vendors@crpridefest.com
Susan Liddell, Member At Large
liddelles@aol.com
Dhanielle Harvey, Member At Large
Emma's Cellar Door, Web Design
e.cellardoorphoto@gmail.com
Emma's Cellar Door
CRPrideFest
P.O. Box 1643, CEDAR RAPIDS, IA 52406, US
info@crpridefest.com
P.O. Box 1643, Cedar Rapids, IA 52406
Copyright © 2019 CRPrideFest - All Rights Reserved.
Web design by Emma's Cellar Door
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« Rohingya Exodus ( Leaked Video)
Why did Myanmar Government tolerated this kind of TERROR CALLS to behead Muslims? »
Racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related form of intolerance
GE.11-12727
Sixteenth session
Agenda item 9
Racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related
form of intolerance, follow-up and implementation
of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action
Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council*
Combating intolerance, negative stereotyping and
stigmatization of, and discrimination, incitement to violence
and violence against, persons based on religion or belief
The Human Rights Council,
Reaffirming the commitment made by all States under the Charter of the United
Nations to promote and encourage universal respect for and observance of all human rights
and fundamental freedoms without distinction as to, inter alia, religion or belief,
Reaffirming also the obligation of States to prohibit discrimination on the basis of
religion or belief and to implement measures to guarantee the equal and effective protection
of the law,
Reaffirming further that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
provides, inter alia, that everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and
religion or belief, which shall include freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his
choice, and freedom, either individually or in community with others and in public or
private, to manifest his religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching,
Reaffirming the positive role that the exercise of the right to freedom of opinion and
expression and the full respect for the freedom to seek, receive and impart information can
play in strengthening democracy and combating religious intolerance,
Deeply concerned about incidents of intolerance, discrimination and violence
against persons based on their religion or belief in all regions of the world,
* The resolutions and decisions adopted by the Human Rights Council will be contained in the report of
the Council on its sixteenth session (A/HRC/16/2), chap. I.
United Nations A/HRC/RES/16/18
General Assembly Distr.: General
Original: English
A/HRC/RES/16/18
Deploring any advocacy of discrimination or violence on the basis of religion or
belief,
Strongly deploring all acts of violence against persons on the basis of their religion
or belief, as well as any such acts directed against their homes, businesses, properties,
schools, cultural centres or places of worship,
Concerned about actions that wilfully exploit tensions or target individuals on the
basis of their religion or belief,
Noting with deep concern the instances of intolerance, discrimination and acts of
violence in many parts of the world, including cases motivated by discrimination against
persons belonging to religious minorities, in addition to the negative projection of the
followers of religions and the enforcement of measures that specifically discriminate
against persons on the basis of religion or belief,
Recognizing the valuable contribution of people of all religions or beliefs to
humanity and the contribution that dialogue among religious groups can make towards an
improved awareness and understanding of the common values shared by all humankind,
Recognizing also that working together to enhance implementation of existing legal
regimes that protect individuals against discrimination and hate crimes, increase interfaith
and intercultural efforts, and to expand human rights education are important first steps in
combating incidents of intolerance, discrimination and violence against individuals on the
basis of religion or belief,
1. Expresses deep concern at the continued serious instances of derogatory
stereotyping, negative profiling and stigmatization of persons based on their religion or
belief, as well as programmes and agendas pursued by extremist organizations and groups
aimed at creating and perpetuating negative stereotypes about religious groups, in particular
when condoned by Governments;
2. Expresses its concern that incidents of religious intolerance, discrimination
and related violence, as well as of negative stereotyping of individuals on the basis of
religion or belief, continue to rise around the world, and condemns, in this context, any
advocacy of religious hatred against individuals that constitutes incitement to
discrimination, hostility or violence, and urges States to take effective measures, as set forth
in the present resolution, consistent with their obligations under international human rights
law, to address and combat such incidents;
3. Condemns any advocacy of religious hatred that constitutes incitement to
discrimination, hostility or violence, whether it involves the use of print, audio-visual or
electronic media or any other means;
4. Recognizes that the open public debate of ideas, as well as interfaith and
intercultural dialogue, at the local, national and international levels can be among the best
protections against religious intolerance and can play a positive role in strengthening
democracy and combating religious hatred, and convinced that a continuing dialogue on
these issues can help overcome existing misperceptions;
5. Notes the speech given by Secretary-General of the Organization of the
Islamic Conference at the fifteenth session of the Human Rights Council, and draws on his
call on States to take the following actions to foster a domestic environment of religious
tolerance, peace and respect, by:
(a) Encouraging the creation of collaborative networks to build mutual
understanding, promoting dialogue and inspiring constructive action towards shared policy
goals and the pursuit of tangible outcomes, such as servicing projects in the fields of
education, health, conflict prevention, employment, integration and media education;
(b) Creating an appropriate mechanism within Governments to, inter alia,
identify and address potential areas of tension between members of different religious
communities, and assisting with conflict prevention and mediation;
(c) Encouraging training of Government officials in effective outreach strategies;
(d) Encouraging the efforts of leaders to discuss within their communities the
causes of discrimination, and evolving strategies to counter these causes;
(e) Speaking out against intolerance, including advocacy of religious hatred that
constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence;
(f) Adopting measures to criminalize incitement to imminent violence based on
religion or belief;
(g) Understanding the need to combat denigration and negative religious
stereotyping of persons, as well as incitement to religious hatred, by strategizing and
harmonizing actions at the local, national, regional and international levels through, inter
alia, education and awareness-building;
(h) Recognizing that the open, constructive and respectful debate of ideas, as
well as interfaith and intercultural dialogue at the local, national and international levels,
can play a positive role in combating religious hatred, incitement and violence;
6. Calls upon all States:
(a) To take effective measures to ensure that public functionaries in the conduct
of their public duties do not discriminate against an individual on the basis of religion or
belief;
(b) To foster religious freedom and pluralism by promoting the ability of
members of all religious communities to manifest their religion, and to contribute openly
and on an equal footing to society;
(c) To encourage the representation and meaningful participation of individuals,
irrespective of their religion, in all sectors of society;
(d) To make a strong effort to counter religious profiling, which is understood to
be the invidious use of religion as a criterion in conducting questionings, searches and other
law enforcement investigative procedures;
7. Encourages States to consider providing updates on efforts made in this
regard as part of ongoing reporting to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner
for Human Rights;
8. Calls upon States to adopt measures and policies to promote the full respect
for and protection of places of worship and religious sites, cemeteries and shrines, and to
take measures in cases where they are vulnerable to vandalism or destruction;
9. Calls for strengthened international efforts to foster a global dialogue for the
promotion of a culture of tolerance and peace at all levels, based on respect for human
rights and diversity of religions and beliefs, and decides to convene a panel discussion on
this issue at its seventeenth session, within existing resources.
46th meeting
[Adopted without a vote.]
Tags: Freedom of speech, Human Rights Council, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006, Religious intolerance, United Nations, United Nations Human Rights Council, United States
This entry was posted on October 18, 2012 at 4:02 am and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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Surf Nazis Must Die Review: Too Good to Be Troma
Who rules the beaches? Surfers. And who rules the surfers? Surf Nazis!
Surf Nazis Must Die
Released in 1987, Surf Nazis Must Die is a low-budget exploitation film released by Troma Entertainment, most well-known for titles such as The Toxic Avenger. Directed by Peter George and based on a story idea he had along with screenwriter Jon Ayre, this is a fairly entertaining film with some interesting ideas, even if the execution leaves a bit to be desired.
It is not your typical Troma-style schlocky masterpiece. Don't get me wrong, I love Troma and Lloyd Kaufman's wacky films, but Surf Nazis Must Die is a more serious film that is honestly too good to be Troma, and I mean that in the best way possible.
In the near future, earthquakes have left the California coastline a desolate wasteland with the beaches controlled by gangs of surfers. The most powerful of those gangs is the Surf Nazis, led by the enigmatic “Führer of the New Beach,” Adolf (Barry Brenner). Other members of his gang include his main squeeze Eva (Dawn Wildsmith), weaponsmith Mengele (Michael Sonye), heavy-hitter with a metal prosthetic Hook (Joel Hile), and quiet giant Brutus (Gene Mitchell). The opening scenes of the film introduce us to all of these main players as well as local oil worker Leroy (Robert Harden) and his elderly mother “Mama” Washington (Gail Neely), although their role in the story is not made clear until much later in the film.
Adolf’s ultimate plan is to unite all the beach gangs under the power of the Swastika, with himself as the supreme leader. A meeting is called where the other gangs denounce Adolf and his idea, knowing that Adolf would abuse all of this power if given the chance. The Surf Nazis have their fingers in everything from petty theft to dealing cocaine and armed robbery. Eventually, Leroy decides to take the day off at the beach and stops the robbery of an elderly woman by one of the Surf Nazi’s beach urchins before confronting Adolf himself, resulting in his murder by the Nazis. Mama Washington, having lost the one thing she cares about, swears revenge on the Nazis, arming herself with a Walther pistol and grenades.
Meanwhile, the other gangs have had it with the Nazis making moves on their territory and join forces to take them down once and for all. The initial attack is unsuccessful, with two of the gangs wiped out by the Surf Nazis. A later attack at the Nazi’s base results in Brutus being splashed in the face with acid, and then mercilessly put down by Adolf while all the remaining gangs that were against them get wiped out. Just when it appears that the beaches will forever be under the banner of the Swastika, Mama Washington comes knocking. A couple grenades quickly eliminate both Hook and Mengele, leaving Adolf and Eva alone and being chased down by the vigilante mother.
This cat and mouse chase scene makes up the last twenty minutes of the film going from land vehicle chase to a sea chase with Mama in a stolen boat vs. Adolf and Eva on their surfboards. Eva is run down and chopped to pieces, leaving Adolf alone and outgunned. Wounded and thought dead, Adolf comes back one last time, pulling a bit of a Jason Voorhees impersonation, popping up in one last-ditch effort to defeat his assailant. However, Mama isn't having any of that and tells him to “Taste some of Mama’s home cooking, Adolf!” before blowing his brains out and driving off into the distance on her motorcycle.
Surf Nazis Must Die is a surprisingly competent for being such a low-budget film. It definitely has a unique indie charm to it that only these kinds of exploitation films from the '80s can have. Some of the editing and placement of scenes are unusual. For example, all of scenes with Mama Washington are randomly interplaced during the first half of the movie and it is not made clear what her importance to the plot is at all until much later.
The purpose of Mama Washington’s scenes are obviously to show that she is a strong, no-bullshit woman who is ultimately willing to take justice into her own hands after the murder of her son. However, there are about three or four scenes like this in the film, from showing her gambling with cards among her friends to cutting down a tree branch that was blocking her view. It seems a bit too much and honestly, each time a Mama scene is shown, the movie kind of stops dead in its tracks.
There is also a subplot involving a junior member of the gang named Smeg (Tom Shell) that isn’t really important to the film. Smeg, unlike the other main members, does not participate in any of the gang's more lethal activities. He is a young teen just trying to be cool. Perhaps the director included him as the relatable character for the audience, as he basically just stands around in awe observing the chaos.
Smeg wants to be hard like the other Nazis but never achieves this. His only purpose to the plot is that he is the one who ultimately spills the beans to Mama as to the fact that the Surf Nazis are the ones who killed her son. There are several scenes where he is shown interacting with his frustrated mother, who ultimately grounds him and prevents him from leaving to warn Adolf about Mama Washington, and he is not seen again for the rest of the movie, leading to a decent amount of time wasted on the character.
These few issues aside, though, Surf Nazis Must Die is a wonderful film that provides decent entertainment throughout. The actors honestly did a great job all around, especially Breener as Adolf and Sonye as Mengele. The two take the roles seriously and have great on-screen chemistry with their "frenemy" relationship, both kind of disliking but respecting each other and seeing the other as a necessary piece of the puzzle.
This element comes full circle when Mengele is killed, as Adolf is devastated by this loss more than any other member of his gang. The dialogue in the film is awesome, but at times cheesy, though still believable considering the film's already crazy plot structure. The music by Jon McCallum is also a real treat. The heavily synthesized tunes are for sure a product of the '80s and hold up quite well today. You can even pick up the soundtrack to Surf Nazis Must Die on vinyl as it was released by Strange Disc records back in 2014.
The film has an interesting concept, with great music, and is entertaining to watch if you go in with no expectations, just looking for a good time.
Some of the subplots are unnecessary and don't really pan out, while a few of the editing choices are unusual and result in a sudden shift in tone, at times even stopping the movie dead in its tracks for a time.
If you love cheesy exploitation films, definitely check out Surf Nazis Must Die. As a byproduct of the 1980s, it delivers an entertaining experience with a unique plot that was unexpected for a Troma film.
L.B. Lubomski
Lawrence "L.B." Lubomski is an avid horror movie fan, gamer, musician, historian, and aspiring author. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, L.B. was exposed to the works of local filmmaker and godfather of zombie cinema George A. Romero early on. He has since developed a particular fondness for Italian zombie/cannibal and slasher films. This passion for horror extends into other media, from survival horror video games such as Resident Evil to horror-inspired musical artists. In his spare time, L.B. pursues many interests including building his collection of vinyl records, action figures, and vintage video games as well as drumming in various local bands.
Special Event Poster Revealed for Rob Zombie’s 3 from Hell
Blumhouse and Universal’s The Invisible Man Officially Begins Shooting
John Krasinski Announces Start of Filming for A Quiet Place 2
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The Punisher Season 2, Episode 2: "Fight or Flight" Review
Frank once again finds himself in too deep to run.
By M.T. Bates
Well, Frank’s rest and relaxation didn’t last long in season two of The Punisher. It seems anyone who gets close to him ends up in the crossfire, but it also seems like he is always doomed to have some kind of partner attached to his hip. Only one episode in, Frank already looks like he has been through another war, but what better way for the two to bond than with some tandem motel bathroom first aid on his wounded posterior?
So, like with all new friendships involving Frank, this one starts off pretty rocky. While in the previous episode we saw Billy still recovering, this one dives a bit more into what is going on with him and Agent Madani. As a master liar and manipulator, Billy leads us to believe that he has lost all his memories, but obviously we aren’t sure if this is all an act at this point.
As Frank probes Amy, who has been using the fake name Rachel, the mysterious man behind the attack probes Beth. Both parties can’t move forward until they get the proper information. Right now, the season is playing out like a triangle of stories between the mystery man, Frank, and Billy, which means they will obviously all converge at some point.
This second episode continues the slow exposition of each party that has been introduced so far, but these types of episodes are necessary early in the season. This one is already showing signs of being on the complicated side, but it is too early to know if it will be worth it. The episode closes in an unique way, but we are no closer to getting any answers as to what exactly is going on. Amy continues to play stupid and it only seems to be hurting her, while Frank knows he is already in too deep to cut her loose.
His instincts and prowess continue to shine because he knows what is coming at every turn so far. Frank is pulled back in hard, and while he could use the help of someone from his past, chances are he will have to go at it alone, which is something he can adapt to. Putting Frank in a corner isn’t a handicap for him, it just means he can keep his eyes on his target.
This episode shows that the season is setting up to be a complicated one with plenty of interwoven angles, leaving the viewer plenty of intrigue about what's to come.
The slow character build-up continues with the writing shying away from tipping its hand too much.
There is a lot going on in The Punisher at this point in the season, but there remains plenty to unwrap as the episodes continue. The character building continues to move along steadily, but we are still left with many questions as the season continues.
M.T. Bates
Let it be known to all the spirits, that I am a Capricorn, living in the 10th house, the house of our Lord Black Phillip. Let all the spirits here know, I am the first born son of Black Phillip. Let it be known sons and daughters, that I am an avid horror head, beginning at the tender age of six, a creative yet unmotivated horror writer, and a YouTube Gaming live streamer. Pledge yourselves, and together we can all Live Deliciously & Game. Let it be known brothers and sisters, that I, Bates, also co-host Way of Life (LIVE!) podcast with Ray Morse (Mungus). So, yeah, check that out when you aren’t enjoying the content of Dead Entertainment.
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Pro Rege
Home > College Publications > Pro Rege > Vol. 43 > No. 2 (2014)
Foraging Bowl
Sara Alsum-Wassenaar, Dordt CollegeFollow
One of the foraging bowls is being used to collect a weed salad.
Alsum-Wassenaar, Sara (2014) "Foraging Bowl," Pro Rege: Vol. 43: No. 2, 22.
Available at: https://digitalcollections.dordt.edu/pro_rege/vol43/iss2/11
Art and Design Commons
Special Issues:
Fine Arts Issue 2018
Introductory Issue
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Tag Archives: Sam Brownback
VPOTUS Swears-in Sam Brownback as Ambassador-at-Large, Also Kansas Refuses to Fast
February 2, 2018 By domani spero in Ambassadors, Foreign Affairs, Functional Bureaus, Political Appointees, State Department Tags: @State_IRF, Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom, ambassador-at-large, Sam Brownback, State/DRL, swearing-in, VPOTUS Pence
Congratulations to Ambassador Sam Brownback on becoming the next Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom @State_IRF. Watch the swearing-in ceremony with @VP here: https://t.co/TUF90AHLEe
— USCIRF (@USCIRF) February 1, 2018
Promoting religious freedom is a foreign policy priority for the Trump Admin. It will be Amb. Sam Brownback’s responsibility to take this message all around the world. I know the best days for religious freedom & America’s leadership for that freedom in the world are yet to come. pic.twitter.com/3PEnffP9qf
— Vice President Mike Pence (@VP) February 1, 2018
Brownback wants us to fast for him? Pass the potatoes, fam. #ksleg https://t.co/o6jHRfT0r3
— Jeneé Osterheldt (@JeneeinKC) January 30, 2018
AND NOW THIS — the comments though are extraordinarily … um blunt. We have no particular favorite but ‘irony committed suicide in the Potomac” is memorable.
Delighted that former Governor Brownback officially sworn in today by @VP Pence as U.S. ambassador-at-large for international religious freedom. @State_IRF ambassador plays critical role in monitoring religious persecution and discrimination worldwide.
— Heather Nauert (@statedeptspox) February 1, 2018
Nomination: Gov. Brownback to be Ambassador For Religious Freedom, and Kansas Says Buh-Bye
Governor #HeBlowsALot Apologizes for Twitter Flap Over in Kansas, USA
SFRC Clears Brownback, Poblete, Grenell, Evans, Danies, Trujillo, Plus Four Foreign Service Lists
January 19, 2018 By domani spero in FSOs, Nominations, Officially In, Political Appointees, Staffing the FS, State Department, Trump, U.S. Senate Tags: Carlos Trujillo, FSOs, James Randolph Evans, Joel Danies, Richard Grenell, Sam Brownback, SFRC, Trump Nominations, Yleem D. S. Poblete
On January 18, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee cleared some State Department nominees recently renominated by the White House, as well as four Foreign Service lists (see White House Sends @StateDept Renominations to the Senate).
The Honorable Samuel Dale Brownback, of Kansas, to be Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom.
Dr. Yleem D. S. Poblete, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Verification and Compliance).
Mr. Richard Grenell, of California, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Federal Republic of Germany.
Mr. James Randolph Evans, of Georgia, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Luxembourg.
Mr. Joel Danies, of Maryland, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Counselor, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Gabonese Republic, and to serve concurrently and without additional compensation as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe.
The Honorable Carlos Trujillo, of Florida, to be Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the Organization of American States, with the rank of Ambassador.
FSO LIST:
PN1433 FOREIGN SERVICE nominations (6) beginning Marc Clayton Gilkey, and ending Mark A. Myers, which nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record of January 8, 2018.
PN1434 FOREIGN SERVICE nominations (90) beginning Alyce S. Ahn, and ending Michele D. Woonacott, which nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record of January 8, 2018.
PN1435 FOREIGN SERVICE nominations (118) beginning Priya U. Amin, and ending Erik Z. Zahnen, which nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record of January 8, 2018.
PN1436 – 1 FOREIGN SERVICE nominations (93) beginning Angela P. Aggeler, and ending Mari Jain Womack, which nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record of January 8, 2018.
I'd like to thank the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for approving my nomination to serve as Ambassador At-Large for International Religious Freedom. #ksleg
— Sam Brownback (@govsambrownback) January 18, 2018
Germans want Senate action on Trump's pick for ambassador @RichardGrenell https://t.co/YpwiHQAGNm
— Yashar Ali 🐘 (@yashar) January 19, 2018
White House Sends @StateDept Renominations to the Senate
January 9, 2018 By domani spero in FSOs, Nominations, Officially In, Political Appointees, Senate Hold, SFRC, State Department, Trump, U.S. Senate Tags: “Papa” Doug Manchester, Eric Ueland, James Evans, Kathleen Troia (“K.T.”) McFarland, renominations, Richard Grenell, Sam Brownback, Stephen Akard, Susan A. Thornton, Trump Nominations, Yleem D. S. Poblete
On January 2, we blogged about the Senate requiring the renominations of State Department nominees stalled in 2017 (see Senate Requires the Renomination of @StateDept Nominees Stalled in 2017). On January 8, the White House sent the following State Department nominations back to the Senate:
James Randolph Evans, of Georgia, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Luxembourg.
Richard Grenell, of California, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Federal Republic of Germany.
Doug Manchester, of California, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.
Kathleen Troia McFarland, of New York, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Singapore.
Eric M. Ueland, of Oregon, to be an Under Secretary of State (Management), vice Patrick Francis Kennedy.
Stephen Akard, of Indiana, to be Director General of the Foreign Service, vice Arnold A. Chacon, resigned.
Samuel Dale Brownback, of Kansas, to be Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom, vice David Nathan Saperstein.
Susan A. Thornton, of Maine, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (East Asian and Pacific Affairs), vice Daniel R. Russel.
Yleem D. S. Poblete, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Verification and Compliance), vice Frank A. Rose.
It looks like everyone caught in limbo in the Senate in 2017 have been renominated except for one. We have not been able to locate the renomination of Jay Patrick Murray who was nominated Alternate Representative for UNGA. Unless that renomination shows up at a later time … that nomination is probably dead.
2018-01-03 PN410 Department of State | Jay Patrick Murray, of Virginia, to be an Alternate Representative of the United States of America to the Sessions of the General Assembly of the United Nations, during his tenure of service as Alternate Representative of the United States of America for Special Political Affairs in the United Nations. Returned to the President under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
2018-01-03 PN409 Department of State | Jay Patrick Murray, of Virginia, to be Alternate Representative of the United States of America for Special Political Affairs in the United Nations, with the rank of Ambassador. Returned to the President under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
White House renominates K.T. McFarland for Singapore ambassadorshiphttps://t.co/vm9B07oqRJ pic.twitter.com/yZkNYYLGkC
— POLITICO (@politico) January 9, 2018
Chris Murphy is holding up Richard Grenell's nomination to be ambassador to Germany over concerns about "his history of his insulting and derogatory remarks about women."https://t.co/ru9v3RcqBR
— Kyle Griffin (@kylegriffin1) December 8, 2017
Things have gotten a little awkward in Topeka. Six months ago, Gov. Sam Brownback said he was leaving for a new job in Washington. The 2018 legislative session opened in Kansas today, and he's still governor. https://t.co/JhNQMEQV9V
— Julie Bosman (@juliebosman) January 9, 2018
Jay Patrick Murray, UN ambassador pick also defended Milo after his Twitter ban.https://t.co/gex9VjyobK pic.twitter.com/yYzIDV9KSG
— andrew kaczynski🤔 (@KFILE) December 4, 2017
ADL Urges Senate to Oppose Confirmation of Jay Patrick Murray as U.N. Diplomat Based on his Record of Anti-Muslim Hate https://t.co/bsAdKIgJTd #islamophobia #unitednations #statedepartment
— Mark Pitcavage (@egavactip) December 20, 2017
Confirmations: McClenny, Braithwaite, Ford, Newstead, Waters, Brock
December 23, 2017 By domani spero in Ambassadors, assistant secretaries, Confirmations, End of Year, Nominations, Political Appointees, Senate Hold, Senators, State Department, Top Ranks, Trump, U.S. Missions, U.S. Senate, USAID Tags: “Papa” Doug Manchester, Brock D. Bierman, Christopher Ashley Ford, confirmations, Eric M. Ueland, James Randolph Evans, Jay Patrick Murray, Jennifer Gillian Newstead, Kathleen Troia (“K.T.”) McFarland, Kenneth J. Braithwaite, M. Lee McClenny, Mary Kirtley Waters, pending nominations, Richard Grenell, Sam Brownback, Trump Nominations, Yleem D. S. Poblete
The U.S. Senate is now adjourned for the year and will next meet for legislative business at 12:00 p.m on Wednesday, January 3, 2018. For a list of nominees pending on the Executive Calendar but received no action from the Senate, see “Pending Nominations” below.
The following executive nominations were approved before the Senators raced out of town on December 21:
AMBASSADORS:
Executive Calendar #526 – M. Lee McClenny, of Washington, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the Republic of Paraguay.
Executive Calendar #525 – Kenneth J. Braithwaite, of Pennsylvania, to be Ambassador of the Untied States of America to the Kingdom of Norway.
Executive Calendar #530 – Christopher Ashley Ford, of Maryland, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (International Security and Non-Proliferation).
12/19: Confirmation of Executive Calendar #430, Jennifer Gillian Newstead, to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State; confirmed: 88-11.
12/12: Confirmed Executive Calendar #356, Mary Kirtley Waters, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Legislative Affairs)
Executive Calendar #528 – Brock D. Bierman, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development.
Confirmed: Cal. #526 M. Lee McClenny, of Washington, to be Ambassador of the U.S. to the Republic of Paraguay
— Senate Cloakroom (@SenateCloakroom) December 22, 2017
Confirmed: Cal. #525 Kenneth Braithwaite, of Pennsylvania, to be Ambassador of the U.S. to the Kingdom of Norway
The Senate Confirmed the following nominations: pic.twitter.com/ospEhiEiL8
The following nominations are listed on the Executive Calendar but received no action from the Senate when the Senators left town on for the holidays. We don’t know at this time if these nominations will be considered in January, if these nominees have to be renominated by the White House with the process starting from scratch, or if some of these nominations are dead.
Dec 05, 2017 Reported by Mr. Corker, Committee on Foreign Relations, without printed report.
Oct 26, 2017 Reported by Mr. Corker, Committee on Foreign Relations, without printed report.
Samuel Dale Brownback, of Kansas, to be Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom, vice David Nathan Saperstein, resigned.
Sep 19, 2017 Reported by Mr. Corker, Committee on Foreign Relations, without printed report.
Aug 03, 2017 Reported by Mr. Corker, Committee on Foreign Relations, without printed report.
Jay Patrick Murray, of Virginia, to be Alternate Representative of the United States of America for Special Political Affairs in the United Nations, with the rank of Ambassador.
Jay Patrick Murray, of Virginia, to be an Alternate Representative of the United States of America to the Sessions of the General Assembly of the United Nations, during his tenure of service as Alternate Representative of the United States of America for Special Political Affairs in the United Nations.
July 27, 2017 By domani spero in Nominations, Officially In, Political Appointees, Senators, Trump Tags: Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom, Kansas, Sam Brownback, Trump Nominations
[twitter-follow screen_name=’Diplopundit’]
On July 26, President Trump announced his intent to nominate Kansas Governor Sam Brownback to be the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom. For those who asked, yes, that is a real office. The Office of International Religious Freedom has the mission of promoting religious freedom as a core objective of U.S. foreign policy. The office “monitor religious persecution and discrimination worldwide, recommend and implement policies in respective regions or countries, and develop programs to promote religious freedom.”
In October 1998, President Clinton signed into law the International Religious Freedom Act, passed unanimously by both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Act mandated the establishment of an Office of International Religious Freedom within the Department of State, headed by an Ambassador-at-Large who serves as principal advisor to the President and Secretary of State in matters concerning religious freedom abroad. The Act has been amended a number of times over the years, most recently by the Frank Wolf International Religious Freedom Act, which President Obama signed into law in December 2016 (see 22 U.S. Code Chapter 73).
Two new nominations, including Sam Brownback —> pic.twitter.com/Dqtd8NbSs8
— Chris Geidner (@chrisgeidner) July 26, 2017
Religious Freedom is the first freedom. The choice of what you do with your own soul. I am honored to serve such an important cause. -SDB
— Sam Brownback (@govsambrownback) July 27, 2017
Trump nominates Kansas Gov. Brownback as ambassador at large for religious freedom https://t.co/06j7csTBsQ pic.twitter.com/sIJ1eSwvP7
— POLITICO (@politico) July 27, 2017
Editorial: The unforgettable Sam Brownback https://t.co/R1YMZA3wb2
— The Kansas City Star (@KCStar) July 27, 2017
Kansas lawmakers say ‘good riddance’ as Brownback prepares to take Trump post https://t.co/bmIlAS0gyG
The Twitters gave him a memorable send-off; here are some of the tweets.
pic.twitter.com/92gIqT2QtL
— Reformed Hamburglar (@EyeDonut) July 27, 2017
Please allow my family to help you pack. We would be honored to serve such an important cause. – JJJ (on behalf of all Kansas families)
— Jennifer Jarrell (@Jarrellville) July 27, 2017
SAM BROWNBACK IS STEPPING DOWN AS THE GOVERNOR FOR KANSAS‼️ GOD BLESS AMERICA AND OUR SCHOOLS ‼️‼️💥 pic.twitter.com/HIzBvZeMdL
— Austin Children (@AustinJChilds) July 26, 2017
Kansas is free from hell again pic.twitter.com/zuY4cZKbQx
— SherriHewittStatham (@SherriStatham) July 27, 2017
Snapshot: U.S.-Funded Democracy/Governance Activities Over Egyptian Govt Objections
December 17, 2014 By domani spero in Americans Abroad, Congress, Consular Work, Court Cases, Follow the Money, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Assistance, Govt Documents, Politics, State Department, U.S. Missions, USAID Tags: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2005, Egypt, Freedom House, International Center for Journalists, International Republican Institute, National Democratic Institute, Sam Brownback, US Embassy Cairo, USAID Egypt
Imagine if a country, say China, sends some of its foreign aid funds to foreign non-government groups in the United States to help us repair our roads and bridges or learn about their people’s congress. What if its National People’s Congress dictates that its embassy in Washington, D.C. does not have to take into account the wishes of the U.S. Government as to where or how that money is spent; that the specific nature of Beijing’s assistance need not be subject to the prior approval by the United States Government. What do you think will happen? If we were up in arms (looking at you Texas) over the UN election monitors, imagine what it would be like if a foreign government starts something crazy like this.
But apparently, that’s exactly what we did in Egypt, thanks to then Senator Sam Brownback’s amendment.
Via GAO:
In 2004, the U.S. government began discussions with the Egyptian government regarding a program to directly fund NGOs and other organizations to implement democracy and governance activities in Egypt outside of the framework of an implementing assistance agreement. From September to November 2004, the two governments worked to outline a process by which the United States would directly fund such activities. Further information on this process can be found in the sensitive version of our report.
Shortly thereafter, Congress approved an amendment to the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2005 (the Brownback Amendment), which provided further direction regarding assistance for democracy and governance activities in Egypt. The Brownback Amendment stated, “That with respect to the provision of assistance for Egypt for democracy and governance activities, the organizations implementing such assistance and the specific nature of that assistance shall not be subject to the prior approval by the Government of Egypt.”
In fiscal year 2005, USAID began using some democracy and governance assistance to directly fund NGOs and other types of organizations to implement democracy and governance activities, rather than working with the Egyptian government under the implementing assistance agreement. Soon after USAID started to directly fund NGOs and other types of organizations to implement democracy and governance activities in fiscal year 2005, the Egyptian government raised objections. Among other things, the Egyptian government stated that USAID was violating the terms of the process that the two governments had outlined in a 2004 exchange of letters. However, the U.S. government officials responded that they were interpreting their commitments based upon the conditions applied by the Brownback Amendment and agreement in diplomatic discussions on direct funding to NGOs.
The Egyptian government strongly objected to some of the U.S. government’s planned assistance for democracy and governance after the January 2011 revolution, including the award of funding to unregistered NGOs.9 These concerns led to the Egyptian Ministry of Justice questioning officials from several NGOs about their activities in late 2011. Subsequently, in December 2011, the Egyptian police raided the offices of four U.S. NGOs that were implementing U.S.-funded democracy and governance activities—Freedom House, ICFJ, IRI, and NDI. In February 2012, the Egyptian government charged employees of these four organizations and a German organization, the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, with establishing and operating unauthorized international organizations, according to government documents.10 At the time of the charges, all four U.S. organizations reported that they had submitted registration applications to the Egyptian government.11 In June 2013, an Egyptian court convicted a total of 43 employees from the four U.S. NGOs and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, of these charges and the NGOs had to close their operations in Egypt. Table 1 provides a summary of the grants the U.S. government awarded after the January 2011 revolution to the four U.S. NGOs that were prosecuted. All of the American staff from the NGOs were allowed to leave Egypt before the convictions.
And we end up with this: USAID Egypt: An Official Lie Comes Back to Bite, Ouchy!
An FSO offers some perspective:
You imply that the United States would never allow assistance of the kind we provide to Egypt in terms of democracy assistance. This is not the case. We do restrict the ability of foreign nations to influence our elections, but foreign nations have both the ability and the right to influence policy decisions in the United States. Two days ago, I was reading a blog on foreignpolicy.com sponsored by the UAE Embassy. But much more importantly many foreign governments hire lobbyists, engage in informational campaigns, or provide grants to NGOs in the United States and all of these activities are protected by U.S. law.
To return to Egypt, I have worked on many authoritarian countries including Egypt where the government has done everything possible to squeeze organizations and individuals standing up for human rights and individual freedoms. Just as we allow foreign countries to engage in policy advocacy in the United States, I see no reason why we should engage in unilateral human rights disarmament and allow the objections of the Syrians, Iranians, Egyptians, Russians, Chinese, and Burmese among others about their sovereignty prevent us from aiding individuals and organizations these governments are seeking to crush. Having said this, I am also acutely aware of the need to ensure that our assistance does not endanger the individuals and organizations we are seeking to support and protect. It’s a tough line to walk, but I have sought to walk it many times in my Foreign Service career.
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← Earl Grey’s Irish Famine Orphans 7 (b): Interlude–photos and family forms
Earl Grey’s Irish Famine Orphans (8): Photos and forms, some well-known descendants →
Earl Grey’s Irish Famine Orphans 7 (c): The Voyage.. with orphan voices
Posted on January 29, 2015 by Trevor McClaughlin under Earl Grey's Irish female orphans, Great Irish Famine, Irish Famine orphans in Australia, Irish female emigration, Irish Female Orphans, Irish workhouses, Irish-Australian Studies, voyage to Australia
The Voyage (cont.)
I’m going to have a go at this; an historian’s view of the female orphans’ voyage to Australia interspersed with, and in a blue typeface, imaginary voices or snippets of conversation from the young women themselves. I promise not to go ‘overboard’ with this (that’s a terrible pun). There is a great variety of possible ‘voices’-over 4,000 individual ones in fact. The psychological effects of the Famine, the loss of loved ones, their varied workhouse experiences and the different strategies they used to cope with life’s setbacks are all in the mix. So too must be the ebullience of young women setting out for a new life. I’ll do my best to immerse myself in the sources and not just pluck something out of the air. What I put into their mouths may be very different from what readers think they would say. But the benefits, I believe, outweigh the negatives; it helps us see the young women’s voyage differently and it gives them something they haven’t had before; a voice of their own, however inadequate that imaginary voice may be. At least it makes us view and think about the famine orphans from a different perspective.
Some very talented writers have had a go at this already. Kirsty Murray’s Bridie’s Fire, (Allen & Unwin, 2003), Evelyn Conlon’s Not the Same Sky, (Wakefield Press, 2013) and Jaki McCarrick’s play, Belfast Girls scheduled for Artemisia Theater in Chicago in May 2015, show just how stimulating this approach can be. For example, Jaki McCarrick treats the voyage as a liminal space, a world– between the world they have left– and a world they have yet to see. http://www.theatreinchicago.com/belfast-girls/7557/
Reflect on this. The long, three to four month, voyage was a transforming experience for the young women; for many it was the first time they had gone outside their small familiar world and met people and cultures other than their own. Friendships and alliances they made on board ship might be short-lived and fluid, or last well into their new Australian home, at least until they married. Virtually all of them lacked the family support that other Irish migrants had; thus their shipboard alliances became crucial to their survival and well being–ar scáth a chéile a mhaireann na daoine. (Under the shelter of each other, people survive).
Historians, in their own fashion, have long appreciated the importance of the voyage to Australia. Emigrants generally, “when at last they landed…were by no means the same people who had boarded ship months before” (Charlwood). What occurred was ‘a gradual and complex adjustment’ that sheds light on their subsequent behaviour (Campbell). Maybe they felt remorse at leaving Ireland, some becoming ultra-Irish in Australia, some “deliberately severing bonds with home, wishing to vanish and hear of it no more” (O’Farrell). Unwise of us, then, to dismiss the voyage as being of little significance, don’t you think?
At the end of post number three (3) http://wp.me/p4SlVj-2p I outlined some of the arrangements Guardians of different workhouses made, outfitting and conveying to Plymouth the female orphans in their charge. The outline is clear enough–the clothes, the wooden boxes and other necessities–and the carts, Bianconi coaches, and trains that carried the young women to an Irish Port and thence to Plymouth. But the details often escape us.
Were the orphans’ clothes cut to the same style and shape? Were they of a dull grey and black or dark green colour? Some seamstresses we know used gingham. And at the International Irish Famine seminar in Sydney in 2013 one of the speakers talked of the availability of inexpensive, usually blue-patterned, cloth in mid nineteenth century. Exactly what were the clothes the young women wore? Were they tight-fitting, full length, allowing little freedom of movement? Were some of the young women wearing their own fitted shoes for the first time, or even wearing underwear for the first time? How did they wash? What toilet facilities were available to them? Maybe our concerns would not have been their concerns?
The orphans must have been quite a sight moving through the Irish countryside, making their way to a local train station or to a local port where they could catch a steamer to Dublin or Cork. What kind of cart, or coach, or train, did they travel in? How fast did it move? How comfortable were they? What did they do if it rained? “Aw Mr Donovan, Mr Donovan, what’ll happen if it rains? Be quiet Bridie Ryan, ye’ll do as ye’ve always done, get wet; and dry out as ye’ve always done.”
I never cease to be amazed at how little I know about these things, and about the private lives of the Earl Grey female orphans. It may be worth thinking about this a bit more, sometime in the future. In Ireland, was their family and their village the focus of their private life? Did communal living in a workhouse afford little time for solitude, or developing self-awareness? Did that experience make them eager to create a family life for themselves once they arrived in Australia?
Board of Guardian Arrangements
Apart from Edward Senior’s assembling orphans from a number of different workhouses, in Belfast, in May 1848, generally it was left to individual workhouses to arrange transport of ‘their own‘ orphans to Plymouth, the port of embarkation for all Australia bound Famine orphans. Most of them, it would seem, went first to Dublin where they boarded a steamer to take them to Plymouth.
A comprehensive survey of Board of Guardian minute books might tell us how many orphans departed via Cork. Kay Caball, for instance, reports in her Kerry Girls that orphans for the Elgin and John Knox, from Kenmare and Killarney, left from Penrose Quay in Cork. (The thirty-five young women from Killarney for the Elgin went first to Liverpool and thence to Plymouth, poor things). However, the orphans from Listowel and Dingle by the Thomas Arbuthnot and the Tippoo Saib left from Dublin. Síle Murphy, in Coppeen, tells me that orphans from Dunmanway and Skibbereen in West Cork also left from Penrose Quay in Cork. We know, too, from the Clonmel Board of Guardians’ Minute Books, that at least one group of women went to Cork, and others by rail to Dublin. Perhaps it all depended on who was available to examine the young women before they left Ireland.
Longford Board of Guardian Minute Book 29 November 1848
The following orders of the Poor Law Commissioners were laid before the Board and directions given thereon, as follows:
Dublin 24th November 1848 Enclosing a list of the Female emigrants selected by Lieut. Henry and directing that they arrive at Plymouth on the 4th December the day named for the sailing of the Vessel for South Australia and the necessity of their being in Dublin on Saturday 2nd December before 12 o’clock for the Duke of Cornwall steamer to take them to Plymouth.
[Then follows the names of 50 young women, ranging in age from 15 to 18 years.]
Resolved that Mr Doyle the Master do proceed in charge to Dublin and pay the necessary charge and expense…
Rossgrey (Roscrea) Board of Guardian Minute Book (Oct.1848-July 1849)
30 December 1848 A letter was received from Lt Henry, emigration officer, directing the Master to have the 60 girls who had been selected for emigration, in Dublin on the evening of the 9th instant. The Master stated that he would require a person to assist in escorting the emigrants to Dublin and a cheque for expenses. Ordered and a cheque for expenses to be drawn…
17 February 1849 The Clerk having reported that the cost of the 60 emigrant girls forwarded from this Union was as follows:
Outfit of clothing and necessaries……………………………………..£228.12.2
Master and Assistant’s expenses escorting them ……………………5.0.0
Railway fares……………………………………………………………………………13.3.6
Lodging and board in Dublin…………………………………………………15.15.6
Cords and cards for boxes………………………………………………………..2.3.0
Fares to Plymouth…………………………………………………………………..40.10.0
Total £305.4.2
Clogheen (Tipperary) Board of Guardian Minute Book
Resolved that the Clerk be directed to write to the Superintendent of the railroad station at Dublin requesting he will direct that the 3rd class carriage may be attached to the day mail train on Wednesday the 18th instant for the conveyance of the 26 females proposed for emigration to Australia or that he will give direction that they be permitted to travel in a second class carriage at the rate of fare paid for the 3rd class and to request an immediate answer.
Resolved that the Clerk be directed to write to Mr Bianconi requesting he will state on what terms he will provide for the conveyance of 26 females and that the person in charge with 26 boxes 2 feet long, 14 inches high and 14 inches wide from the Clogheen workhouse to the Dundrum Gold’s Cross railroad station on the morning of the 18th instant in time for sufficient for their further conveyance too Dublin by the day mail train…
Resolved that the Clerk be directed to purchase from Mr Hackett, stationer, Clonmel 26 prayer books and 26 Bibles (Douai) for the females proposed for emigration and that he be further directed to purchase any necessary articles which may be required for which provision has not already been made by the Guardians.
Honora Haydon per Lady Peel
Bridget Flannigan per Tippoo Saib
Bridget Flood per Eliza Caroline
My thanks to all the descendants of Famine orphans who sent me photographs to use.
Crossing to Plymouth
Clearly, getting to Plymouth could be a complicated and expensive task. In the late 1840s Ireland’s railway network was limited. There was only about 120 miles of track in 1847 but things were improving so that by 1853 Dublin was connected by rail to Waterford, Limerick, Galway and Belfast (MacDonagh, Pattern, 1961). Still, many an Earl Grey orphan must have risen very early in the morning and travelled by cart, often in the dark, to join the mail train at a station closest to their workhouse. And what of those from remote parts, from Ballyshannon, from Ennistymon, from Listowel and Dingle, for example? Did they travel all the way to Dublin by cart? How good were the roads? Such conditions added hours, even days, to the initial stages of the orphans’ voyage.
One of the advantages of the unholy row concerning the ‘Belfast Girls’ who came by the first ship, the Earl Grey, is that we find detailed information about their voyage to Plymouth in the government enquiries that ensued. (The documents in the first volume of my Barefoot…? are all about that ‘unholy row’). Surprisingly, Edward Senior, Poor Law Inspector for the North-East of Ireland, wrote in defense of his choice of orphans that even “when their friends and relatives were crowding on the pier endeavouring to press into their ship, their conduct was exemplary…”. We sometimes forget the orphans had friends and relatives too. The letters orphans supposedly sent back from Brisbane and Sydney mention sisters and aunties and a step-mother to whom they wished to be remembered, and from whom they’d like a lock of hair: more than just the orphans themselves were affected by the Earl Grey scheme.
One can well imagine the scene when the young women left other workhouses, perhaps ‘keeners’ coming together in Irish speaking areas. Oliver MacDonagh (Pattern, 1961, pp.167-8) writes of ‘the piercing experience of parting’ for many an emigrant at this time: “some of the women would fall fainting when they saw any person going, others would hang out of the car to keep back the departing one; but when it would go, the whole lot, men and women, would raise a cry of grief that would wrest an echo from the peaks”. The young women on board the Thomas Arbuthnot, for example, fell to keening as they rounded the Cape of Good Hope on Christmas Day 1849, mná caointe literally letting their hair down, in small groups, moving rhythmically, perhaps registering their protest and renewal, defining themselves… Their keening was not about ‘mercenary tears’. According to one witness, “…circle after circle rapidly formed, and the shrieks of grief and woe resounded through the good Thomas Arbuthnot from stem to stern”. (Reid and Mongan, ‘a decent set of girls’, p.123).
S ariú! Agus méliom féin
Dá mbeitheá go moch agam…
Agus och! och! ochón airiú! – gan thú!
(And now I’m on my own,
If I had you at the break of dawn…
Agus och! och! ochón airiú! – without you!)
Or maybe this one farewelled those going to join the Lismoyne in August 1849; it’s called Slán le Máigh. It’s associated with localities near the River Maigue.
Och, ochón, is breoite mise
gan chuid gan chóir gan chóip gan chiste
gan sult gan seod gan spórt gan spionnadh
ó seoladh mé chun uaignis.
(Alas, alas! ’tis sickly I am,
Without possessions or rights, without company or treasure,
Without pleasure or property, without sport or vigour,
Since I was sent into loneliness.)
(my thanks to Tom Power and Síle ní Murphy for this caoineadh)
Cathy Fox per Earl Grey
Eliza McDermott per Tippoo Saib
Eliza Greenwood per Earl Grey
But back to the Earl Grey orphans: it was more than a week after leaving Belfast before they could board their ship at Plymouth. Their first journey would be long and uncomfortable. On the night of 24 May 1848, the young women from Dungannon, Cooktown, Armagh, Banbridge and other outlying workhouses slept in an auxiliary Belfast workhouse building in Barrack Street where Poor Law Inspector Senior called the roll.
Sarah Arlow Heer, Sur
Isabella Banks Here sir
Susan Barnett Here, sir
Annie Best Sur, here
Margaret Best Sur, here (This is not the way, me trying to reproduce dialects. I should stop that.)
The next day they joined the orphans from Belfast workhouse and later that day, all 185 of them, made their way through the streets of Belfast to join the steamer Athlone at the docks. It was quite a parade, a long line of young women in the charge of James Caldwell, Ward Master, accompanied by Poor Law Inspector Senior, maybe some other Workhouse officers and members of the Board of Guardians, and ‘friends’ of the orphan emigrants, all of them making their way from Belfast workhouse (now the City Hospital) across town to the pier at the docks. Their boxes would have preceded them and been put on board in the hold before they arrived. Maybe the sun was shining that spring evening or a light drizzle fell on their faces? Maybe there was a lot of crying? Maybe there was laughter and banter? The next morning they arrived in Dublin, 26 May.
Other emigrant families joined this first shipload of female orphans in Dublin. But the orphans had to stay on board while Lieutenant Henry inspected them. Then they waited till the steamer left for Plymouth the following evening, the 27th. It was yet another 42 hours before they arrived at Plymouth Depot, at 2 o’clock on Monday 29 May! The following days were spent in the Depot being checked by representatives of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners and being organized into messes. James Caldwell later reported to the Otway enquiry (Barefoot…?, vol. 1) that one orphan had lost a shoe in landing and another lacked “two bed gowns and one petticoat that she had not been furnished with; I bought material to make her two bed gowns and one petticoat and gave it to her; the clothes of the Belfast girls were numbered, and a card, with a list of their clothing, nailed on the inside of the box…”.
Crossing by steamer from Dublin or Cork to Plymouth was probably the most uncomfortable part of the orphans’ long voyage. The steamers were known as ‘deckers’, that is, there was little protection from the elements. Our orphans may have slept lying down on the deck in crowded conditions, making do with the meagre supply of food they carried with them. There was plenty of time to be sea-sick, or be drenched by the rain. Ach Jeez Mary Boyle will ye move over and let me lie down? Eliza Carroll’s just been sick. I don’t want to sleep next to her.
The Plymouth Emigrant Depot
In October 1849, Surgeon Charles Strutt, the best Surgeon the orphans could have wished for, saw that orphans intended for the Thomas Arbuthnot were in a miserable, bedraggled, soaking-wet state when they arrived in Plymouth. He organized a bath for over a hundred of them. One can only hope that other surgeons were capable of such kindness. Many an Earl Grey orphan appreciated a good meal and a decent night’s sleep in the Emigration Depot before boarding the vessel that would take her to Australia.
The Emigrant Depot in Plymouth was also the place where well-meaning members of parliament, clergymen and naval officers saw prospective emigrants for the colonies. They were quick to express their opinions and prejudices to the Commissioners. Thus the “girls” by the first two vessels (the Earl Grey and the Roman Emperor) “did not show any peculiar absence of cleanliness, yet, with some exceptions, they were wanting in that orderly and tidy appearance which characterize many of the female emigrants from Great Britain. Though generally short and not at all well-looking, they did not appear weak or unhealthy; they seemed good-humoured and well-disposed…” (Mr Divett M.P. August 1848). Or, “I would say that they were better calculated for milking cows and undergoing the drudgery of a farm servant’s life, than to perform the office of a lady’s maid” (Rev. T. Childs, August 1848). Meanwhile, that same month, Lieutenant Carew R.N. commented sympathetically, “In one respect they are very inferior, viz. in personal appearance and physical development, caused, I believe, by a life of poverty, and having from infancy been always ill-fed. Could these girls, however, be seen after having been six months in Australia, after having, during that time, enjoyed the fresh air and plenty of good nourishing food, with a feeling of independence, I believe the change would be so wonderful that it would be difficult to recognize them…”. (from British Parliamentary Papers, 1,000 volume Irish Universities Press edition, Colonies Australia Sessions 1849-50, Despatches from the Right Honourable Earl Grey, Secretary of State, vol.11, pp. 351-2).
The Plymouth Depot was the first and only place, on English soil, that representatives of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners (CLEC) actually met the orphans. They would examine their papers; check their boxes; see that each had the outfit required; and check they were in a good state of health. That the CLEC paid such meticulous attention to the Earl Grey scheme is the reason the orphans’ death rate was so low; less than 1%! It is worth repeating; the female orphans who arrived in Australia did not experience the tragic death rates of the Irish who went to British North America in 1847-8. Australia did not have a Grosse Isle or a Partridge Island or the grief that extended all along the St. Lawrence River.
Regulations for the Voyage to Australia
Britain’s 1843 Passenger Act and the modified 1847 and 1849 Acts may have imploded under the sheer weight of Irish numbers fleeing to British North America. But they worked well for the Earl Grey female orphans who went to Australia. The Australian scheme was very well organized, which is not to say it didn’t have its problems. The Passenger Acts, like the Earl Grey scheme itself, were a work in progress; it would not be until the 1855 Act that the British government was satisfied they had things the way they wanted. My impression is that the earlier regulations and charter parties, (i.e. contracts between CLEC and shipping companies or their brokers), focused particularly on ships’ conditions, space for emigrants, their dietary, and prevention of intercourse between female migrants and crew members. It was not until early October 1849 that a detailed regulation of the emigrant’s day was written down and given an official imprimatur. That’s something worth checking since it implies the orphans who sailed before October 1849 were not subject to the same detailed guidelines as those who sailed after that date.
Extract from Charter Party of Thomas Arbuthnot 18 August 1848
(not carrying orphans this time but it did carry Surgeon Strutt)
We hereby tender to Her majesty’s Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners the above Ship, rated A1 at Lloyds, for the conveyance of Passengers to Port Adelaide, Port Phillip or Sydney at the rate of £13-15- Pt Phillip, £13-17-6 Pt Adelaide, £13-7-6 Sydney for each Adult passenger, subject to the stipulations contained in the Charter Party hereto annexed…
4. That the said Ship shall at all times during the continuance of this contract be fitted in the between decks with proper bed places for the accommodation of he passengers, and with a separate Hospital for males and females, fitted up with bed places and two swing cots; and that the said Ship shall also be fitted and furnished with with sufficient water closets, a head pump, a good accommodation ladder for the use of passengers in embarking and disembarking; and, also for the exclusive use of passengers, with such cooking apparatus as may be approved by the said Commissioners…of good coals, wood, and coke; of scrapers, brooms, swabs, sand, and stones for dry rubbing, four to be mounted; together with whatever else the said Commissioners or their Agents, be thought necessary for the cleanliness of the Ship, and the comfort and safety of the passengers in addition to the following mess utensils viz.–For each Mess of six persons.
One mess kit, with handle,
One tin oval dish–About 14 inches long and 4 inches deep,
One mess bread basket–About 14 inches long, 6 1/2 inches deep and 10 wide with handles,
Two three-pint tin pots, with covers and bar hooks, for boiling water,
Two water-breakers of two gallons each, properly slung for use,
One potatoe bag,
One pudding bag,
with an addition of one-fifth to provide against loss or breakage…
19. And it is hereby mutually agreed that the Commissioners have the right to appoint a Surgeon, who shall be entitled to a cabin, to be approved by their Agent, with an allowance of forty cubical feet of space in the hold for luggage, and shall be dieted at the Captain’s table, on condition of his taking the medical charge of of the Officers and Crew of the Ship.
20. That the Master is strictly to forbid and prevent on the part of the Crew or Officers any intercourse whatever with the Female Passengers on board, and also the sale of spirituous or fermented liquors to the Passengers.
Which is not to say such conditions were rigorously adhered to; one of the ‘mistakes’ of the Surgeon (?) of the Earl Grey was to make the messes too large, about twenty five orphans together, instead of a much smaller, more easily controlled, number. He and the Matron would get into a heap of trouble with the ‘Belfast Girls’.
Margaret Stack per Thomas Arbuthnot with grandchildren
Honora Shea per New Liverpool
Ann Nelligan per Pemberton
Extract from the 1849 Regulations
Appendix 7 to the 10th General Report of the CLEC 6 October 1849
You can read it at <a title=”Appendix 7″ href=”http://www.dippam.ac.uk/eppi/documents/12723/page/320998“>http://www.dippam.ac.uk/eppi/documents/12723/page/320998 Click on the second one.
(You may have to type the reference into your browser and ‘go to’ page 46)
1. Every passenger to rise at 7 a.m. unless otherwise permitted by the surgeon, or, if no surgeon, by the master.
2. Breakfast from 8 to 9 a. m., dinner at 1 p.m., supper at 6 p.m….
8. The passengers, when dressed, to roll up their beds, to sweep the decks (including the space under the bottom of the berths), and to throw the dirt overboard…
11. Duties of the sweepers to be to clean the ladders, hospitals, and round houses, to sweep the decks after every meal, and to dry-holystone and scrape them after breakfast…
18. On Sunday the passengers to be mustered at 10 a.m., when they will be expected to appear in clean and decent apparel. The day to be observed as religiously as circumstances will admit…
Additional Regulations…
1. The emigrants are to be divided into messes…
3. The surgeon-superintendent will appoint from among the emigrants a sufficient number of constables for the enforcement of the regulations, and of cleanliness and good order.
4. The constables will attend daily at the serving out of the provisions, to see that each mess receives its proper allowance, and that justice is done…
7. If there be no religious instructor on board, or schoolmaster appointed by the Commissioners, the surgeon-superintendent will select a person to act as teacher to the children.
The Route Taken
In post 7 (a) there is a picture of the Constance as it made its way to Adelaide. I’ve reproduced it here. Have a look where Kerguelens Land is on the map below, which is from Robin Haines, Doctors at Sea, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, p. 3, with permission of the author. It’s just above where it says ‘Southern Ocean’.
Dutton, T. G. & Day and Son. (1853). The Constance 578 tons off Kerguelens Land, 20th Octr. 1849 on her passage from Plymouth to Adelaide in 77 days. From the Nan Kivell collection with permission of the National Library of Australia.
Routes taken by ships from Britain to Australia ‘before 1840’ to 1960
The Captain’s decision to take the recently discovered Great Circle Route meant the Constance arrived in Adelaide in record time, after only 77 days. But she had to sail through the icy waters of the Southern Ocean, dodging pack ice, and endangering her passengers. (There were a number of deaths on board the Constance). The Commissioners were furious but eventually they recommended a modified route for emigrant ships sailing to Australia, according to the time of year. Fortunately, no ship carrying orphans went so far south. The Earl Grey was to take 123 days but somewhere along the way it lost its yardarm and mainmast which slowed its progress considerably. The Thomas Arbuthnot, in contrast, took only 88 days, according to the unidentified witness quoted above (re keening). By my count the figure should be 96 days. According to my calculations, the average length of the voyage between Plymouth and Adelaide for Earl Grey orphan ships was c. 101 days; for Port Phillip, c. 98 days; and for Port Jackson, c. 108 days. No matter which ship the orphans boarded, it was a long time to be at sea.
How did they pass the time?
Regulations such as those above, and Instructions to Surgeons, give us some idea how the orphans’ day was planned; when to rise; when to open and close scuttles and hatches; when to eat; when to sweep and clean; when to knit or sew; when to go to school, or when to go on deck, and when to go to bed. But remember, the Commissioners were not on board to oversee how well their regulations were applied. As I’ve said before, there is often a difference between how things should be and how things are, in practice. There were, in fact, lots of variables involved.
How well did a Surgeon relate to young women, and they to him? Was the Surgeon’s relationship with the ship’s Captain and Officers to their mutual advantage? What if the Captain was uncooperative and irascible?
How strong a personality was the Matron? How caring was she? Could she explain to an orphan having her first period what was happening? Help! Help! There’s blood all over my legs. What’s happening to me?– Shush now, Ellen. Here, come here, my wee pet. Some of the young women on the Roman Emperor began having their first period, only to find the Surgeon unprepared for the eventuality. There were not enough ‘cloths’ on board to go round. The main illness recorded by the Surgeon of the Earl Grey was amenorrhoea. Either ovulation was suppressed by severe physiological hardship and stress, or some young ones were beginning to ovulate in a stop-start sort of way.
What were the dynamics of adolescent interaction between themselves, and towards authority figures; Surgeon, Matron or Sub-Matron, Master of their vessel or First Mate? How did young adolescent women relate to other members of the crew? Mary Madgett, Mary, Look at the young fella with the scarf on his head? Isn’t he lovely? Isn’t he busy? And what happened if unforeseen events occurred– blustery stormy sea-swelling weather when a mainmast broke, and came crashing down–how scary was that for someone who had not been to sea before? What excitement and chatter there was when they stopped at Tenerife or the Cape of Good Hope for ‘wood and water’, saw an albatross or shark, or were invited by King Neptune to join him in Davy Jones’s locker when they ‘crossed the line’.
The Commissioners, however, had a weapon in hand. Surgeons were required to keep a diary and a medical journal. When the ships arrived in Australia an Immigration Agent and his assistants inspected the ship and interviewed the migrants. If anything was remiss, if the conditions of the Charter Party were found to be unfulfilled, then gratuities for the Master and his Officers, and for the Matron and the Surgeon were withheld, and they would never again be employed on an emigrant ship.
On the second vessel to Sydney, the Inchinnan, there was short issue of rations and maltreatment of some of the orphans by the Surgeon, Mr. Ramsay. See http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/page/1512513?zoomLevel=2 The young women on board were gutsy enough to complain about and redress the short issue of rations. They were gutsy, litigious young women prepared to stand up for their rights. Mary Stephens/Stevens from Mayo even took the Captain to court for throwing her on the deck, for kicking her and beating her with a stick. An account of the case was reported in the Sydney Morning Herald 8 March 1849. You can read about it here, in a report from the Central Criminal Court http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/page/1512481?zoomLevel=1
On the Digby, the orphans were also defrauded of a large portion of their rations. The Immigration Board in Sydney (Merewether, Savage and Browne) submitted a detailed report to the Colonial Secretary based on the Surgeon’s private log. It provided overwhelming evidence that the Captain was “utterly unfit to command an emigrant ship”. “Dr Neville further charged the Master with having ‘permitted the Sailors to be too familiar with the female Emigrants in opposition to the authority on board and clause No 20 of the Charter Party'”. (The reference I have is State Records NSW Reel 2852 4/4699 Reports 1838-49 but it is an old one).
Or again–in November 1849 Francis Merewether, the Immigration Agent, informed the Master of the William and Mary that gratuities to himself and his Officers were being withheld. The Matron was to receive only half of hers and three of the sub-matrons nothing at all. The Captain and his Officers were rude, insulting and interfered with the Surgeon when he tried to perform his duties. And they had not issued the emigrants with their full allowance of rations and medical comforts. Dysentery, diarrhoea and amenorrhoea were the principal diseases on board.
Not that these examples are typical of the whole Earl Grey scheme. But it’s worth searching for such reports, if only for what they tell us about the orphans’ voyage. The Surgeon of the Roman Emperor to Adelaide reported that “to establish discipline, preserve good order and prevent moral evil, I experienced much difficulty…The excitement caused by arrival which naturally prevails, inordinately affects the Irish of the class to which these emigrants belong”. The Inconstant to Adelaide also had its troubles; matrons visiting the Captain’s cabin; the Captain reputedly striking the Surgeon; crew members’ dissatisfaction with their Captain. Becca, Johanna, Did you see that hussy go off with the Captain? Will we tell the others?
For the sake of balance, here are a couple of examples from ships arriving in Hobson’s Bay, Port Phillip: Isabella Browne, acting as a nurse and in charge of the Hospital on the Diadem, arranged nocturnal visits (i.e. at 2 .am.) for occasional crew members. Yet “it appears that the Surgeon Superintendent used much vigilance in endeavouring to prevent communication or intercourse between the girls and crew, seldom retiring from the deck to his Cabin before 12 o’Clock at night, and sometimes 1 or 2 o ‘Clock in the morning”. To modern eyes, middle class Victorians certainly had a fixation about keeping the sexes apart.
And from the report on the Derwent, “9. The Board cannot conclude without remarking upon the very indifferent success attending the School established on board…” although the greater part of the orphans “attended the school regularly throughout the voyage, very few had learned to spell their own names or the most simple words”. It would appear Northeners were adept at bucking the system.
Let me finish this by comparing two very different voyages, that of the Earl Grey and that of the Thomas Arbuthnot. They illustrate some of the things I’ve been talking about. But they are like chalk and cheese. The Surgeon of the Earl Grey, Henry Grattan Douglass was a fifty-eight year old member of the Protestant Irish Ascendancy. He had little sympathy for the young women in his charge, especially the ‘Belfast girls’, and even less understanding. They clashed early in the voyage, barely two weeks out. “The first eight or ten days most of the people were sick, and I did not pay much attention to the language used by them, but when they recovered, the difficulty I had with them for the first month was extreme, as they used the most abominable language. and actually fought with each other”. (See my Barefoot…? vol. 1, or Votes and Proceedings of the Legislative Council of New South Wales 1850, vol. 1 pp.394ff).
On the 16th June Douglass found two orphans fighting, one of them armed with a fork,– maybe Catherine Graham or Catherine McCann? I’ll have your bloody guts with this, ya wee shite. Douglass ordered her to be put on the Poop where she was bound to be reviled, insulted and mocked by the crew. (The Surgeon of the Inchinnan would later be chastised for using such a punishment. Not so Dr Douglass). The Belfast ‘girls’ objected to Douglass’s authoritarianism and rose in revolt demanding Cathy’s release. As you’d expect, there’d be only one winner in such a clash, the one who held most power and who was backed by the Master of the vessel. Maybe they reached an uneasy truce. The women, some of them undoubtedly worldly-wise, street smart, and all too familiar with the school of hard knocks, set down their markers. We’re going to swear as much as we like, ‘borrow’ each others clothes as much as we like, No, I’m not going to mend my bonnet. It’s torn. I’ll wipe my boots with it if I want to, stop anyone else coming into the Belfast ‘mess’, talk with members of the crew when we’re on deck, tell the Matron what we think of her. Helsfuckenbells. Piss off Banbridge. Back to where you came from.
In evidence taken by the Sydney Orphan Committee, in December 1848, the Matron was asked, “32. Was there any improper conduct on the part of any of the crew in connexion with these females?” “I wished to stop all intercourse between the immigrants and the crew, and to prohibit the girls speaking to them, but the Doctor thought this was impossible…”. Maybe the Belfast women won some minor victories after all? Hey Mister. Come and talk with us. What’s that? You have to wait till eight bells. You have eight bells? Woo-hoo
But Douglass was scathing in his criticism of the orphans once he arrived in Sydney. The orphans “were early abandoned to the unrestricted gratification of their desires…the professed public woman and barefooted little country beggar have been alike sought after as fit persons to pass through the purification of the workhouse, ere they were sent as a valuable addition to the Colonists of New South Wales”…”one woman was married, and had run away from her husband…the women frequently charged each other with having had children…they were for the most part addicted to stealing, and to using the most obscene and gross language…” . He was to single out, and name, 56 orphans who were sent to Maitland and Moreton Bay, instead of landing in Sydney.
Hey Gina, Are you gonna give Mr Fancy pants, Mr Smellunderthenose, a dose? Fuckoff Black. Shut yer bake. Where’d ya leave yer wee dick of a husband anyway? Were you and yer Ma on the game, or not? She was a right hoorbeg.
The voyage of the Thomas Arbuthnot would be very different indeed. The Surgeon, Charles Strutt was a thirty-five year old unmarried Englishman. (He was later to marry Bridget Ryan from Ennis, in Geelong–Reid & Mongan, decent, p.169) His diary has survived, as has that of Arthur Hodgson, politician and Darling Downs squatter who also travelled on the Thomas Arbuthnot at this time. Richard Reid and Cheryl Mongan also reproduce, in their decent set of girls, (pp.115-26) an essay entitled ‘Female Emigration’, author unknown, which is a most useful account of the voyage.
Whereas Douglass knew little about the young women in his charge–he claimed the orphans from Cavan were well-behaved but alas, no Cavan orphans were on his vessel–Strutt would refer to “my people”, and when asked if any would accompany him to Yass, “130 at once expressed their wish to go any place that I might be going to”. Where Douglass had shaky support from an English born Matron, Maria Cooper and her daughter–“if I made a remark to any of them, all I had in return was “Thank goodness, we shall not long have her to bully over us”— Strutt had Mrs Murphy, a 42 year old widow from Dublin, and her daughter, to support his efforts to apply ‘detailed’ regulations. They made school lessons work especially well, “with patience, kindness and care”.
Strutt empathized with his charge. He was kind; he improved ventilation through the hatches and personally mended lanterns; he arranged salt-water baths in warmer latitudes; issued lime juice and plum pudding, and let ‘his girls’ stay up a little longer on deck. But he applied discipline; he made his charges work, and he made them work hard. “Friday 7 December My girls have become much more orderly and tidy under the constant steady pressure I keep up against holes, rags, tatters and dirt”. He allowed them their play. Meg, Mary, Bridget, Ann, Let’s give this handsome Walter Davidson a couple of pinches. You first Biddy. See if he can catch us.
Strutt allowed the young women from Galway, Clare, Kerry and Dublin to express themselves in song and dance, taking their turn with their reels, slipjigs and quadrilles, –maybe a South Galway set or step dancing, St Patrick’s Day, The Blackbird and Three Sea Captains–dances the orphans would know–beating out their own rhythm, learning new moves, glad to be alive.
Let me finish with an extract from the essay on “Female Emigration’ mentioned earlier. It is an account of the Arbuthnot voyage seen through rose-tinted glasses but it demonstrates how, in the right circumstances and with the right people, the Commissioners’ regulations could work.
“The berths settled, and duly taken possession of, the next thing was to arrange the messes. Each mess consisted of eight persons, and a card was given, showing the provisions that were to be delivered out each day of the week, with the quantity on each day”. In addition to their mess kit, “the Commissioners added, for each emigrant, a new mattress, bolster, blankets and counterpane; a large canvass bag, for holding linen and clothes, a knife and fork, two spoons, a metal plate, and a drinking mug—all of which articles they were allowed to retain upon landing…
As the regular routine of the day was now fully established, our readers may be interested in learning its details. By half past seven all the Emigrants who were in good health were expected to be washed, dressed, and in a neat and fitting order to present themselves…When breakfast was ready the cook reported it to the officer of the watch…the ship’s bell was rung, and the breakfast served out in regular rotation, to the respective messes…
Immediately after breakfast the berths, tables, lockers and ‘between decks’ were swept clean; well scraped, and polished with holystones and sand; the ladders were brought on deck, scraped and washed, the mattresses and bedding neatly folded up, and everything made clean, dry and comfortable. In the early days of the voyage there was a lot of dampness until caulking of the leaking timbers was completed. Maggie, Maggie, don’t open that side port. Oh hell we’re soaked.
At half past ten the Surgeon Superintendent, generally accompanied by the master of the carpenter, took his rounds of inspection…a girl with her hair unbrushed, holes in any part of her attire, or dirty hands never escaped reprimand. In general, however, his commendation far exceeded his censures…
At eleven the various classes of the school commenced…The classes succeeded each other throughout the day, when the weather permitted, and the pupils made a regular, and some of them a rapid advance, in reading, writing, and arithmetic. Neither were needle-work and knitting neglected; industry was the order of the day, and it was rare to see any of the girls unemployed, for any length of time…
Whilst the morning classes were going on the Surgeon attended in the Hospital…After this he…investigated grievances, heard complaints on both sides, rebuked quarrelling or negligence, and endeavoured to reconcile differences, when they occurred… Doctor, Harriet Carmody won’t let me brush her hair and she’s taken my comb. Tell her to give it back.
At half past twelve the cook gave the welcome report that dinner was ready; and the officer of the watch having tasted it, and pronounced it to be dressed as it ought to be, the ship’s bell was rung…and immediately served to the messes in due order; one person from each mess attending to receive it, and to take it down to the rest. After dinner the school was resumed till half past five, when the ship’s bell announced that tea was ready, and it was served out with the same regularity as had been observed with respect to breakfast and dinner. Thus regularly and methodically were the wants of two hundred passengers provided for day by day, whilst those of the crew, nearly fifty in number, the captain, mates and fourteen cabin passengers were all attended to with the same punctuality…
We left our large party at tea, but sounds of gaiety are heard, and we find the remainder of the evening is to be passed in singing; dancing, and other innocent amusements…At dusk, lanterns were hung on deck to light the dancers, and equally between decks, for…those who preferred remaining below. At eight, or a little later, according to the weather, all the girls retired to their quarters, the between decks were swept clean…the Surgeon-Superintendent paid his last visit at half-past nine; all the lamps were extinguished, with the exception of three, and the doors were closed until half-past five the next morning.
…We are now approaching the end of the voyage…’we ranged cables, took a pilot on board, entered the Heads, and cast anchor near Garden Island about dusk…The Health Officer came on board, was much pleased with the condition of the ship…The following morning we came into the Cove, and were inspected by the Colonial Secretary, the Agent for Immigration, the Health Officer of the port, and several other gentlemen. They were highly satisfied with the order and regularity on board, the good health, fatness, and deportment of the girls, the cleanliness of the decks, berths, tables, pots and pans, etc., and to do the poor girls justice, they deserved the praise, for they had exerted themselves to the utmost, and spared no trouble or labour’.
This account is well worth examining. It’s reprinted in full in R. Reid & C. Mongan, ‘a decent set of girls The Irish Famine orphans of the Thomas Arbuthnot 1849-1850, Yass, 1996, pp.115-126. (update: thanks to the great detective work of Karen Semken we know a slightly earlier version appeared in the Daily News, London, Wednesday 6 November 1850, under the heading, ‘Emigration and the Colonies’. It’s looking increasingly likely that it was written by Strutt himself.)
Did an orphan’s voyage experience affect her life in Australia, do you think?
http://jakiscloudnine.blogspot.ie/2015/02/the-genesis-of-belfastgirls-at.html?m=1
http://jakiscloudnine.blogspot.ie/
This entry was tagged Belfast workhouse, Bianconi coaches, Bridget Flannigan per Tippoo Saib, Bridget Flood per Eliza Caroline, Charles Strutt, Charter Party, Clogheen BGMB, Derwent, Diadem, Digby, Earl Grey, Earl Grey and Thomas Arbuthnot voyages compared, Earl Grey orphans, Eliza Greenwood per Earl Grey, Eliza McDermott per Tippoo Saib, Evelyn Conlon, Henry Grattan Douglass, Honora Haydon per Lady Peel, Honora Shea per New Liverpool, Inchinnan, Inconstant, Irish Famine orphans, Irish Famine orphans to Australia, Irish female emigration, Jaki McCarrick, Keening, Kirsty Murray, Longford BGMB, Passenger Acts, Plymouth Emigration depot, Regulations for the voyage, Sailing ships route to Australia, Surgeons, Thomas Arbuthnot, Voyage to Australia, Voyage to Plymouth, William & Mary. Bookmark the permalink.
13 thoughts on “Earl Grey’s Irish Famine Orphans 7 (c): The Voyage.. with orphan voices”
Reblogged this on trevo's Irish famine orphans.
Hello everyone. I have scant information only about my great grandmother Honora (Nora) Brady (her married name) who was from County Meath. I don’t know whether she was a Famine Orphan as such, but she was apparently from a wealthy family in County Meath and she eloped to marry someone and came to Australia sometime in the 1800’s. I have pinned on Irish genealogical sites for years to no avail. At be someone knows something. Thankyou.
May I suggest you approach your local family history or Genealogical society? There will be someone who can help you , I’m sure. best of luck with it
Laurie Cousins
I have a copy of the drawing you show as Emmiggrants landing at Glenelg 1847 courtesy Library of South Australia and hope these details may be helpful.
“Landing the emmigrants at Glenelg from the ‘Caroline Moffatt’ and ‘Duchess of Northumberland’ dated Decbr.20th 1839 M.Hindmarsh (Daughter of the first Governor of South AUstralia).
The Mitchell Library, Sydney has photograpic copies available Reference ZPXA 6921 EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION S.A. , 1839
Patrick and Anne O’Dea with their six children arrived in Melbourne on the ‘Duchess of Northumberland’ in June 1841. They were the oldest generation of my family to arrive in Australia. In 1849, their daughter Ann married Thomas Seward who had landed in Sydney in 1837, a convict on the Mangles.
Thanks Laurie. I’ve added your message to the comments at post number 40 where the image appears. Trust that is okay.
Sharron Payne
Hello, I believe my great great grandmother, Julia Whyte/ White and her sister Mary were part of the earl grey scheme. I was told that they lived in Galway area born Portumna and lived with there grandmother, they came home from church and the English soldiers had taken the roof of there house, so I would think they went to a workhouse, Julia was born 1836 and Mary was older. The story we have been told is that Mary got off at Cape Town Africa, and never got back on the ship. And I don’t know anymore about Mary or what happen to her. I have found a MAry White that died on the 10th of August 1915 at FArm no 107 ward, 4east London Cape Town Africa was married to a Dobson, do you know what happen to the girls that ended up in Africa. I believe there was only 61 of them. Julia married a Samuel Griggs and lived in BArringhup Victoria, they travelled over to Western Australia in 1900 and Julia died 9 days later . Thanks for your time regards Sharron Payne
Hi Sharron, Thankyou for your news. Unfortunately I know very little about those who went to South Africa. Have you put your info on the website http://www.irishfaminememorial.org ? That has the most up to date information. Perry would love to hear from you if you haven’t. Do you know what ship Julia travelled on ? There is also a facebook page, “Ireland Reaching out”. If you like i’ll send your email to them. But perhaps you are already there. Maybe somebody in either of these places can help. Fingers crossed.
Chris Vening
Hi Trevor, can you provide the reference for the “William and Mary” item? I’m chasing one of the Sub-matrons, Flora Crawford.
I’d imagine it would be in the same place as the one i mentioned for the Digby
State Records NSW Reel 2852 4/4699 Reports 1838-49. .
That was quick! Entry for that item looks promising on their website, will check it out when I can. Many thanks Trevor.
Some more on Jaki McCarrick’s “Belfast Girls” http://jakiscloudnine.blogspot.ie/2015/02/the-genesis-of-belfastgirls-at.html?m=1
Further to your thoughts on how the girls travelled from the workhouse to Plymouth, the About Ireland webpage recounts a story of the Bishop of Kildare bumping into 22 Carlow girls at the train station on their way to Dublin. It is not referenced so I assume it is from a local newspaper account – or perhaps the workhouse minute books. They include an image of one of the pages where the Guardian’s received news of the orphan girls’ safe arrival in Australia on the Lady Peel.
Link to the page here:
http://tinyurl.com/o7ekgen
Many thanks Karen. I’ve updated the post and added your information about ‘Emigration and the Colonies’ in the Daily News 6 Nov. 1850, right at the end.
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EarthTalk: COP 21 - Prospects for a Climate Agreement in Paris
byEarthTalk
EarthTalk® is a weekly environmental column made available to our readers from the editors ofE/The Environmental Magazine
Dear EarthTalk: What are the prospects for reaching an international agreement to rein in carbon emissions significantly at the upcoming Paris climate talks at the end of the 2015? - Jason Cervantes, Los Angeles, CA
All eyes will be on Paris this coming December when climate delegates from around the world gather there for the 21st annual session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 21) to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Achieving their objective—a legally binding and universal agreement limiting carbon emissions to keep global warming below two degrees Celsius—has been elusive to date, but environmentalists remain optimistic that 21 could be their lucky number.
“I have every expectation that negotiators will agree on an international climate pact in Paris,” says Jennifer Morgan, Climate Program Global Director for the World Resources Institute, a sustainability-oriented non-profit think tank. “This first truly global climate agreement will embody a new form of international cooperation that can put the world on a path to a low-carbon economy.”
Morgan remains optimistic not only because clean tech investments are surging worldwide while manufacturing costs for renewables like solar plummet, but also because the world’s largest emitters, the U.S., China and India, are already making unprecedented climate commitments. “All of this sends positive momentum heading into the climate talks in Paris,” she adds.
Meanwhile, Jamie Henn, strategy and communications director for the non-profit 350.org, agrees that the prospects for some kind of deal look good, but wonders “if it will actually significantly cut emissions.” He explains that some countries, led by the U.S., are trying to transform the climate agreement from a legally binding document that mandates emissions reductions to a looser “pledge and review” approach, whereby countries voluntarily offer up their own emissions reductions and financial commitments.
“That makes it easier to get a deal, but it’s unclear whether the commitments will really add up,” says Henn. “So far, it isn’t promising.” He adds that few countries have put forward the types of bold commitments necessary, while others, like Canada with its tar sands extraction, are flaunting the international consensus and aggressively expanding fossil fuel development.
Given these political realities, Henn thinks any deal struck at Paris is unlikely to “save the climate” but could nevertheless send a powerful signal to politicians, investors and the public that the age of fossil fuels is coming to an end. “That would be a useful development, something that could lead to major shifts in investment flows and decision making at the national level,” he reports.
Henn believes that while the fossil fuel industry may still be “calling the shots” here in the U.S., the climate movement is making inroads. He cites the fossil fuel divestment campaign and mobilizations like the September 2014 People's Climate March, where upwards of 400,000 people took to the streets of New York City calling for emissions reductions, as indicators that change may finally be afoot.
“The fight for a fossil free future will continue whether or not Paris is a success,” concludes Henn. “The talks are just another stop along the way to a 100 percent renewable future.”
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Project acronym 2D-Ink
Project Ink-Jet printed supercapacitors based on 2D nanomaterials.
Researcher (PI) Valeria Nicolosi
Host Institution (HI) THE PROVOST, FELLOWS, FOUNDATION SCHOLARS & THE OTHER MEMBERS OF BOARD OF THE COLLEGE OF THE HOLY & UNDIVIDED TRINITY OF QUEEN ELIZABETH NEAR DUBLIN
Summary This proposal will determine the technical-economic viability of scaling-up ultra-thin, ink-jet printed films based on liquid-phase exfoliated single atomic layers of a range of nanomaterials. The PI has developed methods to produce in liquid nanosheets of a range of layered materials such as graphene, transition metal oxides, etc. These 2D-materials have immediate and far-reaching potential in several high-impact technological applications such as microelectronics, composites and energy harvesting and storage. 2DNanoCaps (ERC ref: 278516) has demonstrated that lab-scale ultra-thin graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes result in unusually high-power and extremely long device life-time (100% capacitance retention for 5000 charge-discharge cycles at the high power scan rate of 10,000 mV/s). This performance is an order of magnitude better than similar systems produced with conventional methods which cause materials restacking and aggregation. A following ERC PoC grant (2D-USD, Project-Number 620189) is currently focussed on up-scaling the production of thin-films deposition methods based on ultrasonic spray for the production of large-area electrodes for supercapacitors applications. In this proposal we want to explore the new concept of manufacturing conductive, robust, thin, easily assembled electrode and solid electrolytes to realize highly-flexible and all-solid-state supercapacitors by ink-jet printing. This opportunity is particularly relevant to the electronics and portable-device industry and offers the possibility to solve flammability issues, maintaining light weight, flexibility, transparency and portability. In order to do so it will be imperative to develop ink-jet printing methods and techniques. We believe our combination of unique materials and cost-effective, robust and production-scalable process of ultra- thin ink-jet printing will enable us to compete for significant global market opportunities in the energy-storage space.
This proposal will determine the technical-economic viability of scaling-up ultra-thin, ink-jet printed films based on liquid-phase exfoliated single atomic layers of a range of nanomaterials. The PI has developed methods to produce in liquid nanosheets of a range of layered materials such as graphene, transition metal oxides, etc. These 2D-materials have immediate and far-reaching potential in several high-impact technological applications such as microelectronics, composites and energy harvesting and storage. 2DNanoCaps (ERC ref: 278516) has demonstrated that lab-scale ultra-thin graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes result in unusually high-power and extremely long device life-time (100% capacitance retention for 5000 charge-discharge cycles at the high power scan rate of 10,000 mV/s). This performance is an order of magnitude better than similar systems produced with conventional methods which cause materials restacking and aggregation. A following ERC PoC grant (2D-USD, Project-Number 620189) is currently focussed on up-scaling the production of thin-films deposition methods based on ultrasonic spray for the production of large-area electrodes for supercapacitors applications. In this proposal we want to explore the new concept of manufacturing conductive, robust, thin, easily assembled electrode and solid electrolytes to realize highly-flexible and all-solid-state supercapacitors by ink-jet printing. This opportunity is particularly relevant to the electronics and portable-device industry and offers the possibility to solve flammability issues, maintaining light weight, flexibility, transparency and portability. In order to do so it will be imperative to develop ink-jet printing methods and techniques. We believe our combination of unique materials and cost-effective, robust and production-scalable process of ultra- thin ink-jet printing will enable us to compete for significant global market opportunities in the energy-storage space.
Project acronym 2D-USD
Project Ultrasonic Spray Deposition: Enabling new 2D based technologies
Summary This proposal will determine the technical and economic viability of scaling up ultra-thin film deposition processes for exfoliated single atomic layers. The PI has developed methods to produce exfoliated nanosheets from a range of layered materials such as graphene, transition metal chalcogenides and transition metal oxides. These 2D materials have immediate and far-reaching potential in several high-impact technological applications such as microelectronics, composites and energy harvesting and storage. 2DNanoCaps (ERC ref: 278516) has already demonstrated that lab-scale ultra-thin graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes for energy storage result in unusually high power performance and extremely long device life-time (100% capacitance retention for 5000 charge-discharge cycles at the high power scan rate of 10,000 mV/s). This performance is remarkable- an order of magnitude better than similar systems produced with more conventional methods, which cause materials restacking and aggregation. 2D nanosheets also offer the chance of exploring the unique possibility of manufacturing conductive, robust, thin, easily assembled electrode and solid electrolytes to realize highly flexible and all-solid-state supercapacitors. This opportunity is particularly relevant from the industrial point of view especially in relation to the flammability issues of the electrolytes used for commercial energy storage devices at present. In order to develop and exploit any of the applications listed above, it will be imperative to develop deposition methods and techniques capable of obtaining industrial-scale “sheet-like” coverage, where flake re-aggregation is avoided. We believe our combination of unique material properties and cost effective, robust and production-scalable process of ultra-thin deposition will enable us to compete for significant global market opportunities in the energy-storage space
This proposal will determine the technical and economic viability of scaling up ultra-thin film deposition processes for exfoliated single atomic layers. The PI has developed methods to produce exfoliated nanosheets from a range of layered materials such as graphene, transition metal chalcogenides and transition metal oxides. These 2D materials have immediate and far-reaching potential in several high-impact technological applications such as microelectronics, composites and energy harvesting and storage. 2DNanoCaps (ERC ref: 278516) has already demonstrated that lab-scale ultra-thin graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes for energy storage result in unusually high power performance and extremely long device life-time (100% capacitance retention for 5000 charge-discharge cycles at the high power scan rate of 10,000 mV/s). This performance is remarkable- an order of magnitude better than similar systems produced with more conventional methods, which cause materials restacking and aggregation. 2D nanosheets also offer the chance of exploring the unique possibility of manufacturing conductive, robust, thin, easily assembled electrode and solid electrolytes to realize highly flexible and all-solid-state supercapacitors. This opportunity is particularly relevant from the industrial point of view especially in relation to the flammability issues of the electrolytes used for commercial energy storage devices at present. In order to develop and exploit any of the applications listed above, it will be imperative to develop deposition methods and techniques capable of obtaining industrial-scale “sheet-like” coverage, where flake re-aggregation is avoided. We believe our combination of unique material properties and cost effective, robust and production-scalable process of ultra-thin deposition will enable us to compete for significant global market opportunities in the energy-storage space
Project acronym 2DNANOCAPS
Project Next Generation of 2D-Nanomaterials: Enabling Supercapacitor Development
Summary Climate change and the decreasing availability of fossil fuels require society to move towards sustainable and renewable resources. 2DNanoCaps will focus on electrochemical energy storage, specifically supercapacitors. In terms of performance supercapacitors fill up the gap between batteries and the classical capacitors. Whereas batteries possess a high energy density but low power density, supercapacitors possess high power density but low energy density. Efforts are currently dedicated to move supercapacitors towards high energy density and high power density performance. Improvements have been achieved in the last few years due to the use of new electrode nanomaterials and the design of new hybrid faradic/capacitive systems. We recognize, however, that we are reaching a newer limit beyond which we will only see small incremental improvements. The main reason for this being the intrinsic difficulty in handling and processing materials at the nano-scale and the lack of communication across different scientific disciplines. I plan to use a multidisciplinary approach, where novel nanomaterials, existing knowledge on nano-scale processing and established expertise in device fabrication and testing will be brought together to focus on creating more efficient supercapacitor technologies. 2DNanoCaps will exploit liquid phase exfoliated two-dimensional nanomaterials such as transition metal oxides, layered metal chalcogenides and graphene as electrode materials. Electrodes will be ultra-thin (capacitance and thickness of the electrodes are inversely proportional), conductive, with high dielectric constants. Intercalation of ions between the assembled 2D flakes will be also achievable, providing pseudo-capacitance. The research here proposed will be initially based on fundamental laboratory studies, recognising that this holds the key to achieving step-change in supercapacitors, but also includes scaling-up and hybridisation as final objectives.
Climate change and the decreasing availability of fossil fuels require society to move towards sustainable and renewable resources. 2DNanoCaps will focus on electrochemical energy storage, specifically supercapacitors. In terms of performance supercapacitors fill up the gap between batteries and the classical capacitors. Whereas batteries possess a high energy density but low power density, supercapacitors possess high power density but low energy density. Efforts are currently dedicated to move supercapacitors towards high energy density and high power density performance. Improvements have been achieved in the last few years due to the use of new electrode nanomaterials and the design of new hybrid faradic/capacitive systems. We recognize, however, that we are reaching a newer limit beyond which we will only see small incremental improvements. The main reason for this being the intrinsic difficulty in handling and processing materials at the nano-scale and the lack of communication across different scientific disciplines. I plan to use a multidisciplinary approach, where novel nanomaterials, existing knowledge on nano-scale processing and established expertise in device fabrication and testing will be brought together to focus on creating more efficient supercapacitor technologies. 2DNanoCaps will exploit liquid phase exfoliated two-dimensional nanomaterials such as transition metal oxides, layered metal chalcogenides and graphene as electrode materials. Electrodes will be ultra-thin (capacitance and thickness of the electrodes are inversely proportional), conductive, with high dielectric constants. Intercalation of ions between the assembled 2D flakes will be also achievable, providing pseudo-capacitance. The research here proposed will be initially based on fundamental laboratory studies, recognising that this holds the key to achieving step-change in supercapacitors, but also includes scaling-up and hybridisation as final objectives.
Project acronym 3CBIOTECH
Project Cold Carbon Catabolism of Microbial Communities underprinning a Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Economy
Researcher (PI) Gavin James Collins
Host Institution (HI) NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND GALWAY
Summary The applicant will collaborate with Irish, European and U.S.-based colleagues to develop a sustainable biorefinery and bioenergy industry in Ireland and Europe. The focus of this ERC Starting Grant will be the application of classical microbiological, physiological and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays, to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize microbial communities underpinning novel and innovative, low-temperature, anaerobic waste (and other biomass) conversion technologies, including municipal wastewater treatment and, demonstration- and full-scale biorefinery applications. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a naturally-occurring process, which is widely applied for the conversion of waste to methane-containing biogas. Low-temperature (<20 degrees C) AD has been applied by the applicant as a cost-effective alternative to mesophilic (c. 35C) AD for the treatment of several waste categories. However, the microbiology of low-temperature AD is poorly understood. The applicant will work with microbial consortia isolated from anaerobic bioreactors, which have been operated for long-term experiments (>3.5 years), and include organic acid-oxidizing, hydrogen-producing syntrophic microbes and hydrogen-consuming methanogens. A major focus of the project will be the ecophysiology of psychrotolerant and psychrophilic methanogens already identified and cultivated by the applicant. The project will also investigate the role(s) of poorly-understood Crenarchaeota populations and homoacetogenic bacteria, in complex consortia. The host organization is a leading player in the microbiology of waste-to-energy applications. The applicant will train a team of scientists in all aspects of the microbiology and bioengineering of biomass conversion systems.
The applicant will collaborate with Irish, European and U.S.-based colleagues to develop a sustainable biorefinery and bioenergy industry in Ireland and Europe. The focus of this ERC Starting Grant will be the application of classical microbiological, physiological and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays, to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize microbial communities underpinning novel and innovative, low-temperature, anaerobic waste (and other biomass) conversion technologies, including municipal wastewater treatment and, demonstration- and full-scale biorefinery applications. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a naturally-occurring process, which is widely applied for the conversion of waste to methane-containing biogas. Low-temperature (<20 degrees C) AD has been applied by the applicant as a cost-effective alternative to mesophilic (c. 35C) AD for the treatment of several waste categories. However, the microbiology of low-temperature AD is poorly understood. The applicant will work with microbial consortia isolated from anaerobic bioreactors, which have been operated for long-term experiments (>3.5 years), and include organic acid-oxidizing, hydrogen-producing syntrophic microbes and hydrogen-consuming methanogens. A major focus of the project will be the ecophysiology of psychrotolerant and psychrophilic methanogens already identified and cultivated by the applicant. The project will also investigate the role(s) of poorly-understood Crenarchaeota populations and homoacetogenic bacteria, in complex consortia. The host organization is a leading player in the microbiology of waste-to-energy applications. The applicant will train a team of scientists in all aspects of the microbiology and bioengineering of biomass conversion systems.
Project acronym 3D2DPrint
Project 3D Printing of Novel 2D Nanomaterials: Adding Advanced 2D Functionalities to Revolutionary Tailored 3D Manufacturing
Summary My vision is to establish, within the framework of an ERC CoG, a multidisciplinary group which will work in concert towards pioneering the integration of novel 2-Dimensional nanomaterials with novel additive fabrication techniques to develop a unique class of energy storage devices. Batteries and supercapacitors are two very complementary types of energy storage devices. Batteries store much higher energy densities; supercapacitors, on the other hand, hold one tenth of the electricity per unit of volume or weight as compared to batteries but can achieve much higher power densities. Technology is currently striving to improve the power density of batteries and the energy density of supercapacitors. To do so it is imperative to develop new materials, chemistries and manufacturing strategies. 3D2DPrint aims to develop micro-energy devices (both supercapacitors and batteries), technologies particularly relevant in the context of the emergent industry of micro-electro-mechanical systems and constantly downsized electronics. We plan to use novel two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials obtained by liquid-phase exfoliation. This method offers a new, economic and easy way to prepare ink of a variety of 2D systems, allowing to produce wide device performance window through elegant and simple constituent control at the point of fabrication. 3D2DPrint will use our expertise and know-how to allow development of advanced AM methods to integrate dissimilar nanomaterial blends and/or “hybrids” into fully embedded 3D printed energy storage devices, with the ultimate objective to realise a range of products that contain the above described nanomaterials subcomponent devices, electrical connections and traditional micro-fabricated subcomponents (if needed) ideally using a single tool.
My vision is to establish, within the framework of an ERC CoG, a multidisciplinary group which will work in concert towards pioneering the integration of novel 2-Dimensional nanomaterials with novel additive fabrication techniques to develop a unique class of energy storage devices. Batteries and supercapacitors are two very complementary types of energy storage devices. Batteries store much higher energy densities; supercapacitors, on the other hand, hold one tenth of the electricity per unit of volume or weight as compared to batteries but can achieve much higher power densities. Technology is currently striving to improve the power density of batteries and the energy density of supercapacitors. To do so it is imperative to develop new materials, chemistries and manufacturing strategies. 3D2DPrint aims to develop micro-energy devices (both supercapacitors and batteries), technologies particularly relevant in the context of the emergent industry of micro-electro-mechanical systems and constantly downsized electronics. We plan to use novel two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials obtained by liquid-phase exfoliation. This method offers a new, economic and easy way to prepare ink of a variety of 2D systems, allowing to produce wide device performance window through elegant and simple constituent control at the point of fabrication. 3D2DPrint will use our expertise and know-how to allow development of advanced AM methods to integrate dissimilar nanomaterial blends and/or “hybrids” into fully embedded 3D printed energy storage devices, with the ultimate objective to realise a range of products that contain the above described nanomaterials subcomponent devices, electrical connections and traditional micro-fabricated subcomponents (if needed) ideally using a single tool.
Project acronym A-DIET
Project Metabolomics based biomarkers of dietary intake- new tools for nutrition research
Researcher (PI) Lorraine Brennan
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, DUBLIN
Summary In todays advanced technological world, we can track the exact movement of individuals, analyse their genetic makeup and predict predisposition to certain diseases. However, we are unable to accurately assess an individual’s dietary intake. This is without a doubt one of the main stumbling blocks in assessing the link between diet and disease/health. The present proposal (A-DIET) will address this issue with the overarching objective to develop novel strategies for assessment of dietary intake. Using approaches to (1) identify biomarkers of specific foods (2) classify people into dietary patterns (nutritypes) and (3) develop a tool for integration of dietary and biomarker data, A-DIET has the potential to dramatically enhance our ability to accurately assess dietary intake. The ultimate output from A-DIET will be a dietary assessment tool which can be used to obtain an accurate assessment of dietary intake by combining dietary and biomarker data which in turn will allow investigations into relationships between diet, health and disease. New biomarkers of specific foods will be identified and validated using intervention studies and metabolomic analyses. Methods will be developed to classify individuals into dietary patterns based on biomarker/metabolomic profiles thus demonstrating the novel concept of nutritypes. Strategies for integration of dietary and biomarker data will be developed and translated into a tool that will be made available to the wider scientific community. Advances made in A-DIET will enable nutrition epidemiologist’s to properly examine the relationship between diet and disease and develop clear public health messages with regard to diet and health. Additionally results from A-DIET will allow researchers to accurately assess people’s diet and implement health promotion strategies and enable dieticians in a clinical environment to assess compliance to therapeutic diets such as adherence to a high fibre diet or a gluten free diet.
In todays advanced technological world, we can track the exact movement of individuals, analyse their genetic makeup and predict predisposition to certain diseases. However, we are unable to accurately assess an individual’s dietary intake. This is without a doubt one of the main stumbling blocks in assessing the link between diet and disease/health. The present proposal (A-DIET) will address this issue with the overarching objective to develop novel strategies for assessment of dietary intake. Using approaches to (1) identify biomarkers of specific foods (2) classify people into dietary patterns (nutritypes) and (3) develop a tool for integration of dietary and biomarker data, A-DIET has the potential to dramatically enhance our ability to accurately assess dietary intake. The ultimate output from A-DIET will be a dietary assessment tool which can be used to obtain an accurate assessment of dietary intake by combining dietary and biomarker data which in turn will allow investigations into relationships between diet, health and disease. New biomarkers of specific foods will be identified and validated using intervention studies and metabolomic analyses. Methods will be developed to classify individuals into dietary patterns based on biomarker/metabolomic profiles thus demonstrating the novel concept of nutritypes. Strategies for integration of dietary and biomarker data will be developed and translated into a tool that will be made available to the wider scientific community. Advances made in A-DIET will enable nutrition epidemiologist’s to properly examine the relationship between diet and disease and develop clear public health messages with regard to diet and health. Additionally results from A-DIET will allow researchers to accurately assess people’s diet and implement health promotion strategies and enable dieticians in a clinical environment to assess compliance to therapeutic diets such as adherence to a high fibre diet or a gluten free diet.
Project Ab-initio adiabatic-connection curves for density-functional analysis and construction
Researcher (PI) Trygve Ulf Helgaker
Summary Quantum chemistry provides two approaches to molecular electronic-structure calculations: the systematically refinable but expensive many-body wave-function methods and the inexpensive but not systematically refinable Kohn Sham method of density-functional theory (DFT). The accuracy of Kohn Sham calculations is determined by the quality of the exchange correlation functional, from which the effects of exchange and correlation among the electrons are extracted using the density rather than the wave function. However, the exact exchange correlation functional is unknown—instead, many approximate forms have been developed, by fitting to experimental data or by satisfying exact relations. Here, a new approach to density-functional analysis and construction is proposed: the Lieb variation principle, usually regarded as conceptually important but impracticable. By invoking the Lieb principle, it becomes possible to approach the development of approximate functionals in a novel manner, being directly guided by the behaviour of exact functional, accurately calculated for a wide variety of chemical systems. In particular, this principle will be used to calculate ab-initio adiabatic connection curves, studying the exchange correlation functional for a fixed density as the electronic interactions are turned on from zero to one. Pilot calculations have indicated the feasibility of this approach in simple cases—here, a comprehensive set of adiabatic-connection curves will be generated and utilized for calibration, construction, and analysis of density functionals, the objective being to produce improved functionals for Kohn Sham calculations by modelling or fitting such curves. The ABACUS approach will be particularly important in cases where little experimental information is available—for example, for understanding and modelling the behaviour of the exchange correlation functional in electromagnetic fields.
Quantum chemistry provides two approaches to molecular electronic-structure calculations: the systematically refinable but expensive many-body wave-function methods and the inexpensive but not systematically refinable Kohn Sham method of density-functional theory (DFT). The accuracy of Kohn Sham calculations is determined by the quality of the exchange correlation functional, from which the effects of exchange and correlation among the electrons are extracted using the density rather than the wave function. However, the exact exchange correlation functional is unknown—instead, many approximate forms have been developed, by fitting to experimental data or by satisfying exact relations. Here, a new approach to density-functional analysis and construction is proposed: the Lieb variation principle, usually regarded as conceptually important but impracticable. By invoking the Lieb principle, it becomes possible to approach the development of approximate functionals in a novel manner, being directly guided by the behaviour of exact functional, accurately calculated for a wide variety of chemical systems. In particular, this principle will be used to calculate ab-initio adiabatic connection curves, studying the exchange correlation functional for a fixed density as the electronic interactions are turned on from zero to one. Pilot calculations have indicated the feasibility of this approach in simple cases—here, a comprehensive set of adiabatic-connection curves will be generated and utilized for calibration, construction, and analysis of density functionals, the objective being to produce improved functionals for Kohn Sham calculations by modelling or fitting such curves. The ABACUS approach will be particularly important in cases where little experimental information is available—for example, for understanding and modelling the behaviour of the exchange correlation functional in electromagnetic fields.
Project acronym ACAP
Project Asset Centric Adaptive Protection
Researcher (PI) Bashar NUSEIBEH
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITY OF LIMERICK
Summary The proliferation of mobile and ubiquitous computing technology is radically changing the ways in which we live our lives: from interacting with friends & family, to how we produce & consume services and engage in business. However, this pervasiveness of technologies, and their increasingly seamless integration and inter-operation, are blurring the boundaries between systems. This poses significant challenges for security engineers who aim to design systems that monitor and control the movement of digital or physical assets across those boundaries. My ERC Advanced Grant on Adaptive Security and Privacy (ASAP) is investigating ways in which security controls can change in response to changes in the context of operation of systems. However, since the monitoring of such elusive and changing boundaries is difficult, we have developed an adaptive security approach that monitors valuable assets that are managed by a system, and changes the means and extent by which those assets are protected in response to changes in assets and their values. This could radically change the way security is designed and implemented in a range of applications because it allows for a choice of appropriate protection, depending on particular requirements. In ASAP, we developed the modelling and computational capabilities of our approach, including some prototype tool fragments that demonstrate the approach in our lab. However, interest from our industrial collaborators, evidenced by direct funding of follow-on research, and the demonstration of our prototypes to senior management and potential customers, has motivated us to pursue a proof of concept (PoC) assessment of our work in a more systematic and targeted way. To this end, this ERC PoC will: 1) Develop a robust prototype demonstrator, instantiated in two application areas (access control & cloud computing); 2) Conduct a market analysis, aided by the demonstrator; 3) Subject to (2), develop a commercialisation strategy and plan
The proliferation of mobile and ubiquitous computing technology is radically changing the ways in which we live our lives: from interacting with friends & family, to how we produce & consume services and engage in business. However, this pervasiveness of technologies, and their increasingly seamless integration and inter-operation, are blurring the boundaries between systems. This poses significant challenges for security engineers who aim to design systems that monitor and control the movement of digital or physical assets across those boundaries. My ERC Advanced Grant on Adaptive Security and Privacy (ASAP) is investigating ways in which security controls can change in response to changes in the context of operation of systems. However, since the monitoring of such elusive and changing boundaries is difficult, we have developed an adaptive security approach that monitors valuable assets that are managed by a system, and changes the means and extent by which those assets are protected in response to changes in assets and their values. This could radically change the way security is designed and implemented in a range of applications because it allows for a choice of appropriate protection, depending on particular requirements. In ASAP, we developed the modelling and computational capabilities of our approach, including some prototype tool fragments that demonstrate the approach in our lab. However, interest from our industrial collaborators, evidenced by direct funding of follow-on research, and the demonstration of our prototypes to senior management and potential customers, has motivated us to pursue a proof of concept (PoC) assessment of our work in a more systematic and targeted way. To this end, this ERC PoC will: 1) Develop a robust prototype demonstrator, instantiated in two application areas (access control & cloud computing); 2) Conduct a market analysis, aided by the demonstrator; 3) Subject to (2), develop a commercialisation strategy and plan
Project acronym Active-DNA
Project Computationally Active DNA Nanostructures
Researcher (PI) Damien WOODS
Host Institution (HI) NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH
Summary During the 20th century computer technology evolved from bulky, slow, special purpose mechanical engines to the now ubiquitous silicon chips and software that are one of the pinnacles of human ingenuity. The goal of the field of molecular programming is to take the next leap and build a new generation of matter-based computers using DNA, RNA and proteins. This will be accomplished by computer scientists, physicists and chemists designing molecules to execute ``wet'' nanoscale programs in test tubes. The workflow includes proposing theoretical models, mathematically proving their computational properties, physical modelling and implementation in the wet-lab. The past decade has seen remarkable progress at building static 2D and 3D DNA nanostructures. However, unlike biological macromolecules and complexes that are built via specified self-assembly pathways, that execute robotic-like movements, and that undergo evolution, the activity of human-engineered nanostructures is severely limited. We will need sophisticated algorithmic ideas to build structures that rival active living systems. Active-DNA, aims to address this challenge by achieving a number of objectives on computation, DNA-based self-assembly and molecular robotics. Active-DNA research work will range from defining models and proving theorems that characterise the computational and expressive capabilities of such active programmable materials to experimental work implementing active DNA nanostructures in the wet-lab.
During the 20th century computer technology evolved from bulky, slow, special purpose mechanical engines to the now ubiquitous silicon chips and software that are one of the pinnacles of human ingenuity. The goal of the field of molecular programming is to take the next leap and build a new generation of matter-based computers using DNA, RNA and proteins. This will be accomplished by computer scientists, physicists and chemists designing molecules to execute ``wet'' nanoscale programs in test tubes. The workflow includes proposing theoretical models, mathematically proving their computational properties, physical modelling and implementation in the wet-lab. The past decade has seen remarkable progress at building static 2D and 3D DNA nanostructures. However, unlike biological macromolecules and complexes that are built via specified self-assembly pathways, that execute robotic-like movements, and that undergo evolution, the activity of human-engineered nanostructures is severely limited. We will need sophisticated algorithmic ideas to build structures that rival active living systems. Active-DNA, aims to address this challenge by achieving a number of objectives on computation, DNA-based self-assembly and molecular robotics. Active-DNA research work will range from defining models and proving theorems that characterise the computational and expressive capabilities of such active programmable materials to experimental work implementing active DNA nanostructures in the wet-lab.
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About the Environmental Resilience Institute
Collaborative Solutions for a Resilient and Sustainable Future
The pace and extent of environmental change are now greater than any other time in human history. This reality places people, infrastructure, and ecosystems at risk and affects the critical resources needed to support a healthy and prosperous society. Because the past is no longer a reliable guide for the future, new approaches are needed that can help anticipate and prepare us for a future that includes changing probabilities and more extreme conditions. From climate change to water and energy security, today’s environmental challenges involve complex systems and cannot be solved by any single discipline. Their solutions require a paradigm shift to integrated team research that transcends disciplinary boundaries, and merges theories, methods, and data across social and environmental systems. By converging on a shared approach, teams will develop novel frameworks, theories, models, and applications that are transformative and have societal impact.
The Environmental Resilience Institute (ERI) is the hub of environmental resilience and sustainability research at the University of Virginia. ERI builds a diverse and collaborative community to accelerate the rate of discovery, trains the next generation of leaders in integrative research, and develops external partnerships to translate research findings into policy and practice. Over 100 faculty from 10 UVA schools are affiliated with the Institute. Focus areas evolve over time to reflect opportunities and need. Current priorities for ERI funding are Climate Resilience, Water and Energy Security, and Environment and Health.
The Institute supports trans-disciplinary research and training at the intersection of environmental change and human well-being by connecting faculty, students, and citizens together to foster a more resilient and sustainable future for the global common good.
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A Coupled Human–Natural Capital Lab for Resilient Coastal Futures
Coastal communities face unprecedented risks
from short-term extreme natural events such as hurricanes, coastal storms, and landslides, as well as longer-term impacts of coastal erosion and sea level rise. Losses from catastrophic recent hurricanes (Harvey, Irma, Jose, Maria) are likely to be the costliest ever in terms of economic, social and physical impact. Also, half of the U.S. population can be considered as coastal regions and vulnerable to flooding from increased sea level rise. Protection against one additional foot of sea level rise is estimated to cost $200B nationally. Funding flood protection programs will be a priority in many communities, putting funding of other community interests at risk. There is clearly a need to safe guard the infrastructure systems in coastal cities but do so in a way that promotes health and wellbeing benefits to coastal communities.
Resilience thinking needs to go beyond maintaining the status quo to understand how communities can be transformed in the context of adversity i.e. to thrive beyond crisis. Creating landscapes that people value and care for strengthens a community’s ability to absorb impact and bounce back from disaster. Communities may protect themselves from coastal flooding using “soft” green infrastructure (GI) (e.g. wetlands, coastal parks, rain gardens, berms) or “hard” infrastructure like sea walls to reduce flood risk or hybrid infrastructure e.g. (living dikes). Historically, municipalities have focused on building “hard” infrastructure to mitigate flooding risk, and return on investment (ROI) for these projects has focused solely on protection of built capital. However, these investments can be made strategically, using in-depth understanding of the engineering possibilities, combined with decision-making at the community level, in order to build resilience. By doing so, a community can benefit by adding amenity in the near term and build resilience to long-term coastal risks.
The CoH-N CoLab is working with communities in south eastern Virginia, exploring the linkages between their natural and human systems. The expertise included in their team spans engineering, environmental science, psychology, and urban planning. By using a team approach, the CoLab is able to explore the resilience of coastal cities using scenario analyses with state-of-the-art hydrologic models to stimulate community engagement and help communities understand their changing environmental landscape. At the same time, the CoLab members identify coastal urban design options, utilizing novel hybrid GI/hard infrastructure approaches, to enhance both flood protection and the health/wellbeing of its citizens. This novel approach to flood protection design works towards increased social, environmental and economic resilience. ERI CoLab funding has enabled critical reflection among project partners and deepened integration between disciplinarily perspectives.
Jennifer Roe
Professor of Design and Health
Matthew Reidenbach
Co-Principal Investigators
Ben Converse
Assistant Professor of Public Policy and Psychology
Tanya Denckla-Cobb
Director, Institute for Environmental Negotiation
Jon Goodall
Associate Professor in Civil and Environmental Engineering
Leidy Klotz
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Architecture
Alex Wall
SoA Landscape: urbanization ,ecosystems, human action
novel approach to flood protection design
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EU Delegation to South Korea - Newsletter
Delegation of the European Union to the Republic of Korea
EEAS homepage > South Korea > Statement by the Spokesperson following the 2019 Tripartite elections in Malawi
Statement by the Spokesperson following the 2019 Tripartite elections in Malawi
Statements by the Spokesperson
The active participation of Malawians in the elections on 21 May showed their resolve to reinforce and build on the country's democratic tradition.
The first findings of the EU Election Observation Mission, headed by Chief Observer Miroslav Poche, indicate that the tripartite elections were generally well-organized and calm and that, overall, fundamental freedoms and rights were respected during a highly competitive campaign, which included public debates at both national and local level. The positive role of the Malawi Electoral Commission (MEC) in addressing its very challenging responsibilities deserves particular recognition. It is essential that the MEC finalises the results process in a transparent manner and that all actors support the MEC in ensuring that the full electoral process, including the treatment of complaints, is allowed to run its course, within the context of the relevant legal framework.
Notwithstanding this it will be important to review closely some areas for improvement, including allegations of misuse of state resources and handouts, the treatment of female candidates, and irresponsible and provocative statements made by candidates and propagated in the media. It is vital that these aspects, some of which were also noted in the European Union's observation of the 2014 elections, are addressed promptly and effectively. The EU Election Observation Mission will remain on the ground until the electoral process is completed before issuing a final report which will include recommendations for further strengthening the electoral framework in Malawi.
The European Union takes this opportunity to reiterate its readiness to support Malawi's democratically elected government in accelerating national reforms, including those linked to its democratic development, to ensure a positive and peaceful future for all Malawians.
Daniel PUGLISI
Press Officer for Africa / Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management
Statement by the Spokesperson on the parliamentary elections in ThailandStatement by the Spokesperson on the parliamentary elections in Thailand
Statement by the Spokesperson on the occasion of the International Albinism Awareness Day, 13 JuneStatement by the Spokesperson on the occasion of the International Albinism Awareness Day, 13 June
11th Floor, Seoul Square,
416 Hangang-daero,
Jung-gu, Seoul, 04637
Delegation-rep-of-Korea@eeas.europa.eu
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Home » Authenticity and Voice » “Centering Down” For Faculty Of Color: Reflections From A Retreat
“Centering Down” For Faculty Of Color: Reflections From A Retreat
Image by Royalty-Free/Corbis
In late July, right before my one-month hiatus from blogging and social media, I attended an overnight retreat for faculty and staff of color at Spelman College, and co-hosted by the Associated Colleges of the South (ACS): “How Good It Is to Center Down: A Courage and Renewal Retreat for Faculty of Color.” Seventeen other people — mostly women of color (especially Black women) faculty — and I participated in a contemplative retreat to “pause, reflect, and renew—and prepare for the 2015-2016 academic year.”
My only complaint is that the less-than-48-hour-long retreat was much too short; but, I am confident that the retreat simply planted the seeds I needed to continue to grow as a scholar.
Invitations And Introductions
We kicked off the retreat with a delicious meal and light conversation. The energy in the room reflected our excitement to get started, meet other faculty of color at liberal arts colleges in the South, and be away, albeit briefly, from our usual routine. After lunch, Dr. Veta Goler and Dr. Sherry Watt, serving as co-facilitators and -organizers, welcomed us and explained the structure of the retreat. For activities and discussions involving the full group, we were seated in a circle, with a small table with flowers and some information in the center. Rather than pressuring us to “share or die,” the co-facilitators invited us to participate and to “speak into the circle.” This set a tone that felt safe, that one could simply listen if necessary or speak if desired.
We were invited to introduce ourselves, including our names and institutions, what we hoped to gain from the retreat, and anything we needed to set aside to be fully present at the retreat. (I appreciated the recognition that we are human, and thus are carrying a lot with us into any given event — pain, excitement, emotional baggage, dread, illness, joy, etc.) Only a few attendees had introduced themselves by the time the first person had become emotional. Just acknowledging that the space invited us to practice self-care, and reflection, and be in community moved some of us to tears; we had permission to actually care for ourselves and be whole human beings. No one shared specifics, but there seemed to be a universal allusion to pain and trauma from repeated experiences of microaggressions, harassment, discrimination, and sexual violence. I was particularly struck by hearing Black faculty who work at HBCUs — even Black women who work at Spelman — say, “this was a toxic year.” Apparently, none of us are safe from racism, sexism, and other systems of oppression in academia. And, without regular reflection, self-care, and access to community, we don’t even realize how much pain we carry around with us on a daily basis.
Meditation, Mindfulness, and Reflection
Unlike typical academic gatherings (e.g., conferences, department and faculty meetings, classes), the retreat was nontraditional and unconventional in its emphasis on meditation, mindfulness, and reflection. There were a few moments of meditation, quiet reflection, private journaling, as well as walking and talking to reflect with a fellow attendee. I’d say the most enjoyable of these activities was walking through Spelman’s labyrinth (see below).
Photo by Germaine McAuley.
Some activities were introduced by the group reading of a poem related to the activity. Attendees took turns volunteering to read part of the poem; then, we were all invited to speak into the circle certain lines that resonated with us. It felt as though we were invited to savor the phrase that left our lips. We moved beyond merely reading the poem to actually feeling and, eventually, experiencing the poem. For example, we participated in an activity called “Where I’m From,” wherein we wrote a poem about our upbringing and home. We started this activity by group-reading (and savoring) George Ella Lyon’s poem — “Where I’m From.” The imagery of his poem — “I am from fudge and eyeglasses // From Imogene and Alafair. // I’m from know-it-alls // Ad the pass-it-ons… — helped to put me into the reflective and creative mindset to write my own poem.
I admit that some of the more creative activities, including drawing, painting, and making a collage, initially felt silly to me. As a quantitative sociologist, I deal with numbers and statistical models. But, as I actually started to participate, I felt a part of my brain (and my heart and soul) opened up to reveal things otherwise unacknowledged by me.
In one activity that emphasized self-care, we were invited to reflect on, and then draw, the “work before the work”; that is, what did we need to do to prepare for work, to be fully present at work, to enjoy our work. This is somewhat akin to the practice of free-writing, wherein you start a writing session by reflecting on your personal connection to the topic; the personal (at least in my field) tend to be stripped away from traditional academic writing, so this practice can help to ease the process. But, the “work before the work” can be much broader. Through this reflective practice, I realized that I needed to feel that my academic career was connected to my social justice values and advocacy (see below). I cannot feel whole if I must leave my Black queer activist self at home while I go to work in a suit and tie. The task that lies ahead of me now is to find ways to do so.
The “work before the work.”
In the collage activity, we were invited to visualize what self-care looks like. In my interpretation of the task, I chose images of freedom, authenticity, and uniqueness (see below). Once finished, we were invited to share our collage with another attendee, who was invited to ask questions that help us dig deeper into self-discovery. With my partner, I realized that all of the images I selected were of women — women who look strong, brave, and free. For the most part, the reverence I hold for femininities is unsurprising to me, particularly as a genderqueer-identified man. But, that these images were reflected at the exclusion of pictures of men and masculinities did surprise me. I suspect the affinity I feel for strong, brave women is that they are defiant in being themselves, while, for men, strength and bravery are demanded, expected, and rewarded. At any rate, what initially felt childish proved to be quite insightful. In no way were we asked to enjoy every part of the retreat, or promised that every activity would prove useful to us.
My self-care collage.
In a third activity, two other attendees were invited to paint a reflection of your “birthright gifts” — the positive things that you offer to the world. We began this exercise by reflecting on the five people we would invite as our guests to a dinner party. I selected Oprah, Ghandi, Audre Lorde, Martin Luther King Jr., my late cousin Danny, and my late grandfather Sylvan. The first four represent significant activists and difference-makers who are important to me; the latter two are relatives who lived life meaningfully, who didn’t waste a day on negativity or to adversity. As I shared my dinner guest list, two other attendees painted surprisingly similar pictures: a utopian world either protected or created by me as I overcome oppression, violence, and hate. I’m sure I’d probably offer a more humble version of this description of myself. But, it is quite affirming to see what you value reflected in how others see you. And, more importantly, that others see you as valuable, and see the gifts that you offer to the world.
On Day 2 — a short, but no less impactful day — we were introduced to Parker J. Palmer’s concept of the “third way” from his book, A Hidden Wholeness: The Journey Toward an Undivided Life:
[W]e learn a “third way” to respond to the violence of the world, so called because it gives us an alternative to the ancient animal instinct of “fight or flight.” To fight is to meet violence with violence, generating more of the same; to flee is to yield to violence, putting private sanctuary ahead of the common good.” The third way is the way of nonviolence by which I mean a commitment to act in every situation in ways that honor the soul (p. 170).
Nonviolence — the third way — involves asking honest, open questions, inviting others to share their stories, and encouraging truth-telling in organizations. But, Palmer warns that this third way is no easy task — as to be expected for choosing an alternative when society presents us with only two appropriate actions.
He goes on:
So people who wish to serve as agents of nonviolent change need at least four resources in order to survive and persist: a sound rationale for what they intend to do, a sensible strategy for doing it, a continuing community of support, and inner ground on which to stand (p. 171).
I have yet to read the full book, so I lack more context for his proposal. But, the possibility of a third way of living and, specifically, of trying to make the world a better place, struck a chord with me, particularly the notion of acting “in every situation in ways that honor the soul.” Thus far, my career has felt limited to two options: fight or flight. Conform or retreat. Do well by mainstream or traditional standards or reject everything. Palmer’s proposal — but, more importantly, reading his proposal among other scholars of color seeking a better way of living — felt like the now-obvious alternative approach. It allowed me to give myself permission to prioritize authenticity, and to recognize the ways I have already been authentic in my career. This career will be so much easier when I remember that there is always a third way.
Veta and Sherry, our co-facilitators, noted that most of the retreat was based on the practice of “courage work” — the writings of and workshops led by Parker J. Palmer. Feeling energized by the retreat, I decided to pick up a copy of one of Dr. Palmer’s books. To my surprise, I had already purchased a copy of The Courage to Teach without knowing anything about the book, its impact, or the perspective and politics of Palmer. I decided to take it on my August vacation/blogcation, hopefully continuing the work I started at the retreat, and mentally and emotionally preparing me for the new academic year.
When I sat down to read the first chapter of Courage, I felt something within me that suggested this book would be transformative for me. One chapter in, I was both hooked and felt Palmer spoke to the demons I’ve been wrestling with for years. His first chapter is on identity and integrity in teaching.
By identity I mean an evolving nexus where all the forces that constitute my life converge in the mystery of self: my genetic makeup, the nature of the man and woman who gave me life, the culture in which I was raised, people who have sustained me and people who have done me harm, the good and ill I have done to others and to my self, the experience of love and suffering — and much, much more… By integrity I mean an whatever wholeness I am able to find within that nexus as its vectors form and re-form the pattern of my life. Integrity requires that I discern what is integral to my selfhood, what fits and what does not — and that I choose life-giving ways of relating to the forces that converge within me.
Palmer argues that a good teacher must be whole, that dividing one’s self into personal and academic will ultimately lead to frustration, burnout, and resentment. He takes a strong stance against the “objective” approach to teaching and, instead, teaching from the heart; this is a healthier approach for teachers, and proves more enjoyable for students. In general, he calls for a more communal approach to learning, as well for teaching.
His anecdotes of “divided selves” and “dismembered” teachers read like a future eulogy for me at the rate I have been going in my career thus far. As I was taught, I have practiced an “objective” approach to teaching, hiding behind facts just as much as I hide behind suits and ties. I have felt equally detached from my own research, which has demanded objectivity. In my heart, I have predicted that I would quit before I even went up for tenure if I continued to work as I have. To my credit, this has been more about fear than than valuing objectivity in teaching and research; nonetheless, I’ve lacked the courage to teach the way that my heart demands.
In the past year, I’ve become fed up with the dissatisfaction I’ve felt with doing things the way I was trained to in grad school. I’ve made my bed, and now I’m fortunate enough to lie in it. I’ve pursued a career that equally values teaching and research, and an institution that celebrates my intellectual activism rather than asking I hide it or wait until who-knows-when. Through my own desperate search, I am finding that there are other, better ways of being a scholar. In fact, I now believe that there is no one way to be a successful scholar. And, more importantly, there are other ways to be professionally fulfilled besides “success” in a conventional sense. Others have already discovered this, perhaps after pulling themselves out of a professional rut, too. I need not reinvent the wheel, nor do I need to continue to suffer. I have the power and, now, resources to create a self-defined career — one of synergy among teaching, research, service, and advocacy, of authenticity, and of self-care and self-discovery.
Would my life have been easier if I had stayed true to my values from the start of grad school? I don’t even want to entertain that thought. With great clarity, I recall my decision making process. I pursued a degree that would open the most doors in academia; I earned it and it helped me to get my current position, so I need not feel a twinge of guilt or regret. I’m choosing, instead, to see the good that has come out of all of this — a tireless effort to envision a different way to be a scholar in the 21st century. To get there, I will continue to attend retreats like this one, devour all that Parker J. Palmer has written, and pursue other resources that promote authenticity and social justice in teaching. With time, I hope to offer these resources to future generations of scholars and scholar-activists.
By Dr. Eric Anthony Grollman in Authenticity and Voice, Diversity and Inclusion, Health and Self-Care, LGBTQ Scholars of Color, Scholars of Color, Women Scholars on November 3, 2015 .
← How I Became An Intellectual Activist Figuring Out Where You Want To Land After Graduate School →
Dellea says:
Thank you for writing this post and introducing me to Parker J. Palmer. Best wishes!
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New York Jets: ‘Sore Loser’ Jamal Adams talks about team’s recent struggles
Photo by Mike Stobe/Getty Images
“Back to normal” after Sunday’s rant, Jamal Adams hopes the New York Jets’ losses can become a series of learning experiences moving forward.
Nobody in their right mind likes losing, but New York Jets safety Jamal Adams downright hates it.
After an emotional rant against the concept after Sunday’s 13-6 loss to the Miami Dolphins, Adams again went into a diatribe on his dislike for defeat, though was slightly more upbeat when addressing reporters in the Jets’ Florham Park locker room on Wednesday afternoon.
“I’m smiling now. I’m back to normal,” Adams said. “I’m just so passionate about the game. Obviously, we all are as a team, and we just want to win. Obviously, we came up short (in Miami), but it’s a new week, it’s a new opportunity, so we’re looking forward to it.”
Anger over defeat is nothing new for Adams, though the losses have come at an unfortunate pace in his first two years in the NFL. The Jets are just 8-17 since Adams entered the league as a first-round pick in 2017.
The tenacious defender made it clear he never been one for going down quietly.
“I’m a sore loser,” Adams said. “Like when I was playing video games with my pops, or when I was young or facing my friends, I would slam the controller, cut the game off. I’m a sore loser. It is what it is.”
Adams instead is hoping his squad can take the losses and turn them into learning opportunities. Asked what the biggest lesson has been so far, Adams preached “Patience”.
“I like to take losses for learning experiences,” Adams said. “Obviously, it’s not the best thing to do, as far as losing, that’s not what we want to do. We don’t go out there each and every Sunday to lose, obviously we got out there and want to win. But you win some, you lose some. We just got to learn from our losses and learn to get better for the next week.”
The Jets (3-6) have a prime opportunity to break out of their recent funk, currently mired in a three-game losing streak. They’ll return home to MetLife Stadium this Sunday, taking on the Buffalo Bills (1:00 p.m. ET, CBS), who are looking to end a losing streak on their own. At 2-7, the Bills can be the perfect team for the Jets to bully, but Adams know that they can’t take anyone lightly.
“It’s the NFL. Anybody can be beaten in this league,” he said. “You definitely got to show up each and every Sunday. The number that they’re putting up or not putting up (don’t matter). At the end of the day, they’re a great football team, they’re well coached, and we’re looking forward to the opportunity.”
Adams had nine tackles in two games against the Bills last season, including five in his NFL debut at New Era Field. The Bills won the game 21-12.
NEXT: New York Jets: Todd Bowles Is Coaching Football Like It's The 1980s
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Alan Sanstad
Alan H. Sanstad is a Staff Scientist in the Energy Technologies Area at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Dr. Sanstad received the A.B. degree in Applied Mathematics, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Operations Research, from the University of California at Berkeley. Dr. Sanstad’s research and publications have included work on the economics and policy analysis of end-use energy efficiency, technological change in energy-economic simulation modeling, and integrated assessment of global climate change. His recent work has focused on developing new approaches to long-run quantitative modeling and decision-making pertaining to energy system transitions, large-scale greenhouse gas abatement, and other issues in the energy, environmental, and technology policy arenas. Dr. Sanstad has worked with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, the California Energy Commission, the U. S. Department of Energy, and non-governmental organizations in developing and implementing research strategies, policies, and projects on energy, greenhouse gas mitigation, and related topics. He is an affiliate researcher of the Energy & Resources Group at U. C. Berkeley and of the NSF-sponsored Center for Robust Decision-Making on Climate and Energy Policy at the University of Chicago.
1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Carvallo, Juan Pablo, Alan H Sanstad, and Peter H Larsen. Exploring the relationship between planning and procurement in Western U.S. electric utilities. 2017. LBNL-2001029.
Sanstad, Alan H. Regional Economic Modeling of Electricity Supply Disruptions: A Review and Recommendations for Research. 2016. LBNL-1004426.
Levine, Mark D, Eric Hirst, Jonathan G Koomey, James E McMahon, and Alan H Sanstad. Energy Efficiency, Market Failures, and Government Policy. 1994. LBNL-35376.
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Adam Hamdy
(1974-03-12) 12 March 1974 (age 45)
Author, screenwriter, film producer
Battalion, Pulp, The Hunter
www.adamhamdy.com
Adam Hamdy (born 12 March 1974) is a British writer and film producer best known for his debut comic book limited series The Hunter and his comedy feature film Pulp, which became the first film to ever premiere on the Xbox Video platform.[1]
Hamdy was born and raised in London, United Kingdom. He attended the University of Oxford, and graduated with a degree in law. He also holds a degree in philosophy from the University of London. After a number of low-level jobs in the media industry, Hamdy joined the consulting team at Lloyd's of London. From there, he went on to join a niche management consulting firm.
Using seed finance provided by the partners in his consulting firm, Hamdy founded a company that developed specialist online payment systems. He raised £7.5m in venture capital to launch the business. The business was later sold to one of the venture capital investors. Between 2000 and 2001, Hamdy co-wrote a weekly diary column for The Guardian on the ups and downs of being an Internet entrepreneur.[2]
Hamdy left the corporate world to focus on building a career as a writer. One of his first writing jobs was doing additional story work on 50 Cent: Blood On the Sand. He went on to write comics, and created The Hunter, which launched in December 2007. He also created Starmaker: Leviathan, another comic series that was published online and in print in 2009.[3] In late 2009 it was announced that Hunter had been optioned for a film by Scarlet Fire Entertainment, with Hamdy providing the script.[4]
Hamdy has since been working as a screenwriter, and has written for film producers on both sides of the Atlantic. He recently completed the screen adaptation of number9dream by David Mitchell.[5][6]
Hamdy's debut novel Battalion was published on Kindle on 27 September 2012.[7] Richard Caldwell of review site, The Lottery Party, describes Battalion as "a blistering political techno-thriller".[8] His second novel, Out of Reach, was published by Endeavour Press in May 2015.
Hamdy's next novel, Pendulum, has been acquired by Headline and will be published internationally[9] in November 2016.
Hamdy produced the feature film, Pulp, which became the first film to ever premiere on the Xbox Video platform.[10]
In November 2016 Hamdy published Pendulum - the 1st book in a trilogy. In January 2017 it featured on BBC Radio 2's Book Club. The 2nd book, Freefall was released in November 2017 and the 3rd, Aftershock, is due out in November 2018
Pulp (2012) Director, Producer
^ Izundu, Chi Chi (4 March 2013). "Film to be distributed by games console for first time". BBC Radio One Newsbeat. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
^ ,Adam Hamdy, Guy Mallison (26 March 2001). "Slaughter of New Dot Com Ventures". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
^ Bug, Ambush (2 December 2009). "Ain't It Cool News Reviews Starmaker: Leviathan". Ain't It Cool News. Archived from the original on 12 December 2009. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
^ Brown, Graeme (7 December 2009). "Midland Dare Comics founder inspires Hollywood movie". Birmingham Post. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
^ "Three high-concept Hamdy thrillers to Headline | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
^ Geary, Joanna (25 November 2007). "The Hunter goes global for comic man Adam". Birmingham Post. Retrieved 10 December 2007. [permanent dead link]
^ Kindle, Amazon (10 October 2012). "Battalion Kindle Page". Amazon Kindle. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
^ Caldwell, Richard (10 October 2012). "Lottery Party Review of Battalion". Lottery Party. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
^ Hernandez, Brian Anthony (4 March 2013). "Xbox Live Debuts a Movie for First Time". Mashable. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
Adam Hamdy on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adam_Hamdy&oldid=869449758"
English film producers
English screenwriters
English male screenwriters
English film directors
Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
Alumni of the University of London
Writers from London
English comics writers
English science fiction writers
English male non-fiction writers
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Tragic Overture (Brahms)
(Redirected from Tragic Overture)
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (March 2016)
This article is about the overture by Brahms. For the overture by Dvořák, see Tragic Overture (Dvořák).
The Tragic Overture (German: Tragische Ouvertüre), Op. 81, is a concert overture for orchestra written by Johannes Brahms during the summer of 1880. It premiered on 26 December 1880 in Vienna. Most performances last between twelve and fifteen minutes.
Brahms chose the title "tragic" to emphasize the turbulent, tormented character of the piece, in essence a free-standing symphonic movement, in contrast to the mirthful ebullience of a companion piece he wrote the same year, the Academic Festival Overture. Despite its name, the Tragic Overture does not follow any specific dramatic program. Brahms summed up the effective difference in character between the two overtures when he declared "one laughs while the other cries." Brahms quotes some material from the last movement of the Second Symphony in this overture.[citation needed]
2 Analysis
3 Instrumentation
Tragic Overture (13:50)
Courtesy of Musopen
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The Tragic Overture comprises three main sections, all in the key of D minor.
Allegro ma non troppo
Molto più moderato
Tempo primo ma tranquillo.
Analysis[edit]
Theorists have disagreed in analyzing the form of the piece: Jackson finds Webster's multifarious description rather obscurist and prefers to label the work's form as a "reversed sonata design" in which the second group is recapitulated before the first, with Beethoven's Coriolan Overture as a possible formal model.[1]
Instrumentation[edit]
The work is scored for piccolo, two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, and strings.
^ Timothy L. Jackson, "Bruckner and tragic reversed sonata form" Bruckner Studies 1997, Cambridge University Press, pp. 172–178
Tragic Overture, Op. 81: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
Orrin, Howard. Program Notes: Tragic Overture, Op. 81 (archived 2016)
Hansen, Kelly Dean (October 14, 2008). "Listening Guide: Tragic Overture (D minor), OP. 81". Brahms Listening Guides. - (Using a recording by Claudio Abbado and the Berlin Philharmonic.)
Pascall, Robert, ed. (2008). Brahms: Biographical, Documentary and Analytical Studies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-24522-7.
Academic Festival Overture
Symphony No. 1 in C minor
Symphony No. 2 in D major
Symphony No. 3 in F major
Symphony No. 4 in E minor
Tragic Overture
Variations on a Theme by Haydn
Concertante
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Piano Concerto No. 1
Vocal/Choral works with orchestra
A German Requiem
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Gesang der Parzen
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Horn Trio
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Piano Trio No. 1
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Two String Quartets, Op. 51
Violin Sonata No. 1
Piano works
Ballades, Op. 10
Four Pieces for Piano, Op. 119
Piano Sonata No. 1
Rhapsodies, Op. 79
Six Pieces for Piano, Op. 118
Sixteen Waltzes, Op. 39
Three Intermezzi for piano, Op. 117
Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel
Variations on a Theme of Paganini
Other compositions
"Wiegenlied (Lullaby)", Op. 49, no. 4
Eleven Chorale Preludes
Fest- und Gedenksprüche
Fünf Gesänge, Op. 104
Fünf Lieder, Op. 105
Liebeslieder Waltzes, Op. 52 (Brahms)
Neue Liebeslieder
Two Motets, Op. 74
Two Songs for Voice, Viola and Piano, Op. 91
Vier ernste Gesänge
Zigeunerlieder
F-A-E Sonata
Named for Brahms
1818 Brahms
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Portal:Classical music
This article about a classical composition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tragic_Overture_(Brahms)&oldid=852430359"
Compositions by Johannes Brahms
Concert overtures
1880 compositions
Classical composition stubs
Works with IMSLP links
Articles with International Music Score Library Project links
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Popular Science Monthly/Volume 9/June 1876/Miscellany
< Popular Science Monthly | Volume 9 | June 1876
←Literary Notices
Popular Science Monthly Volume 9 June 1876 (1876)
Notes→
599205Popular Science Monthly Volume 9 June 18761876
MISCELLANY.
A Moth that bores for its Food.—The order of Lepidoptera, which includes moths and butterflies, is almost universally characterized as possessing a flexible trunk, by means of which the insects suck up the nectar of flowers. Indeed, the possession of a flexible trunk is commonly regarded as one of the distinguishing characteristics of this order. A few years ago, however, a French botanist, M. Thozet, then residing in Australia, discovered a moth (Ophideres fullonica) which possessed a trunk so rigid as to be able to pierce the rinds of oranges and suck their juice. Another Australian observer having since called attention to the depredations of this moth, M. J. Künckel was led to examine the trunks of Ophideres which had been sent to him from Australia by M. Thozet. This trunk he declares to be a perfect instrument, and says that it would be an excellent model for the making of new tools to be employed in boring holes in various materials. It resembles the barbed lance, the gimlet, and the rasp, and hence can pierce, bore, and tear, at the same time allowing liquids to pass without impediment by the internal canal. The two applied maxillæ constituting the organ terminate in a sharp triangular point, furnished with two barbs; then they become enlarged, and present on the lower surface three portions of the thread of a screw, while their sides and their upper surface are covered with short, strong spines, projecting from the centre of a depression with hard and abrupt margins. The purpose of these spines is to tear the cells of the orange pulp, as the rasp serves to open the cells of the beet-root, in order to extract sugar. The upper region of the trunk is covered below and on the sides with fine, close-set striæ, arranged in half-screws, which give it the properties of a file; the striæ are interrupted here and there by small spines of soft consistence, which serve for the perception of tactile sensations. The orifice of the canal is situated in the lower surface, below the first screw-third. All this will be seen better from the annexed figures:
Trunk of Ophideres fullonica.—A, in Profile; B, from below; C, from above; t, Interior Canal; o, Orifice of the Canal.
On investigation, M. Künckel has found that all the species of the genus Ophideres possess a similar terebrant trunk. This circumstance establishes a closer relationship between the Lepidoptera, the Hemiptera, and certain Diptera in which the maxillæ are adapted to pierce tissues.
As we learn from Prof. A. R. Grote, the group of Noctuidæ to which Ophideres belongs, called by Borkhausen Fasciatæ, is represented by only a few forms in Europe, but it is largely developed in the tropics of both hemispheres. The peculiar structure of the maxillae observed in Ophideres has not been found in any of the North American genera of the group. In the genus Catocala, which is largely represented in North America, the spiral tongue or trunk is simply furnished with lateral papillae, appearing like serratures, toward the extremity of the trunk.
Cunning of the Adder.—A correspondent of the Milwaukee Sentinel confirms Mr. Lewis's observations on the cunning of the adder (in the February number of the Monthly). This correspondent states that, over thirty years ago, in Leeds, Greene County, New York, his attention was one day attracted by the plaintive cry of a cat. Looking into a garden, an adder was seen near the cat. The cat seemed to be completely paralyzed by fear of the adder; she kept up the plaintive cry, as if in great distress, but did not take her eye off the serpent, or make any attempt to attack or escape. Soon the snake saw that human eyes were observing him, and he commenced to crawl slowly away. "I then," continues the writer of the narrative, "concluded to release the cat from its trouble. I took a garden-rake and put it on the snake's back, and held it without hurting it. As soon as I had the snake fast in this position, it raised its head, flattened it out, and blew, making a hissing noise, and something resembling breath or steam came from its mouth. When that was exhausted I removed the rake, and the adder turned over on its back, lying as if dead. With the rake I turned it over on its belly again, but it immediately turned on its back. This was repeated several times. At last it was taken out of the garden, laid in the road, and we all retired to watch its movements. It commenced to raise and turn its head slowly (looking about the while), until entirely on its belly, and started at full speed for a little pool of water in the road, from which it was raked out and dispatched."
Measuring Distances by Sound.—The Prussian correspondent of the London Times makes mention of an instrument devised by Major Le Boulanger, of the Belgian Artillery, which, with great accuracy, indicates the distance between two armies from the report of their guns. The moment the enemy fires a shot, the action of the report upon the "telemeter" marks the distance to a fraction. The instrument is entirely self-acting, easily kept in order, and requires no particular experience or intricate calculations to use it aright. The experiments to which it has been subjected in Prussia and in some other countries are stated to have been completely successful as regards cannon. Experiments in the rifle-grounds are still going on. Even should the invention be confined to artillery, its effect must be tremendous, considering the present deadly efficiency of firearms. One of its principal advantages, it is supposed, will be to enable gunners in a coast-battery to determine the position of a hostile ship—a calculation hitherto fraught with special difficulty.
Sir John Lubbock on the Habits of Ants.—Sir John Lubbock still continues his observations of ants, and at a recent meeting of the Linnean Society of London read a paper in which he treated—1. Of the power of intercommunication among ants; 2. Their organs of sense; 3. Their affection or regard for one another. The results are chiefly negative, contradicting many generally-received opinions. To test the ants' power of communicating information to one another, the author had a glass box for the "nest," so that he could watch what was done inside. This was placed on a pole. On the other side of the pole was a board intended as a promenade for the ants. Near to this were three pieces of glass, connected with the board by strips of paper. On one of the pieces of glass was placed a collection of food, and on the other two there was nothing. Two ants were taken and marked with spots of color, as in former observations, so that they should be readily recognized. These were both taken, one after the other, to the store of food, and were guided and taught their way to the nest. They soon learned their way to and from the nest to the food-supply, coming out of the door along the outside to the pole, around that, across the board, along the paper bridge, and so to the glass that supported the food, and so back again to the nest. Sir John Lubbock's object was to watch whether the other ants in the nest would find out the food, and, if so, to teat as far as possible whether they found it from information given, or whether they tracked the scent. He devoted certain periods to watching the movements of the ants, counting the number of journeys made by his marked ants, and also recording how many untaught strangers made their way from the board along the right bridge to the food. At his first period of observation he found that, while his marked ants made forty journeys with food, nineteen strangers also came on to the bridges. Of these, two only turned to the food, eight turned to the wrong bridge, and the rest went, straight on. Modifications in the arrangements of the bridges were made in different ways, while the rest of the construction was left unaltered. The observations made on different days and during periods of different duration all showed the same result.
In referring to the organs of sense, Sir John had endeavored to ascertain whether the antennæ are organs of hearing or of smell. He had tried them with all sorts of noises he could contrive, and found no results. If ants have hearing, they must be sensible to those vibrations of the air which do not affect the human ear. But he had also tried the antennæ with smells, and he found that if he put a fine camel's-hair pencil with a scent on it near one of them it shrank away, and then, if applied to the other, that also turned away. The use of the antennas, however, still needs investigation, and Sir John hopes soon to make further observations. As regards their affection for one another, he does not doubt that an ant that dies laden with food will be cared for by its companions; but he brought forward a number of instances in which he had put ants that had suffered immersion in water for periods of from an hour to ten hours in the way of ants that were passing by, and he found almost invariably that they took no notice of their unfortunate brethren. Indeed, the exceptions in which any attention was paid were so few that Sir John said he was disposed to regard these as ants with individual feelings, which were by no means those common to the community. It, is understood that the results of Sir John Lubbock's long-continued researches into the habits of bees and ants will be given to the public before long in a volume of the "International Scientific Series."
Sea-Soundings without a Line.—Dr. Siemens exhibited, at a recent meeting of the London Royal Society, an instrument devised by himself for ascertaining the depth of the sea. In explaining the principle of this instrument, Mr. Siemens observed that the total gravitation of the earth, as measured on its normal surface, is composed of the separate attractions of its parts, and that the attractive influence of each equal volume varies directly as its density and inversely as the square of its distance from the point of measurement. The density of sea-water being about 1.026, and that of the solid constituents composing the earth's crust about 2.763, it follows that an intervening depth of sea-water must exercise a sensible influence upon total gravitation if measured on the surface of the sea. His instrument, which he calls a bathometer, is described in the London Times as consisting "essentially of a vertical column of mercury, contained in a steel tube having cup-like extensions at both extremities, so as to increase the terminal area of the mercury. The lower cup is closed by means of a corrugated diaphragm of thin steel plate, and the weight of the column of mercury is balanced in the centre of the diaphragm by the elastic force derived from two carefully-tempered spiral steel springs of the same length as the mercury-column. One of the peculiarities of this mechanical arrangement is, that it is parathermal, the diminishing elastic force of the springs with rise of temperature being compensated by a similar decrease of potential of the mercury-column, which decrease depends upon the proportions given to the areas of the steel tube and its cup-like extensions."
The instrument is suspended in such a manner as to retain the vertical position, notwithstanding the motion of the ship, and the vertical oscillations of the mercury are almost entirely prevented by a local contraction of the mercury-column to a very small orifice. The reading of the instrument is effected by means of electrical contact, which is established between the end of a micrometer-screw and the centre of the elastic diaphragm. The pitch of the screw and the divisions in the rim are so proportioned that each division represents the diminution of gravity due to one fathom of depth. Actual experiment has shown the apparatus to be very reliable.
Formation of Mountain-Chains.—This subject is considered by Prof. Joseph Le Conte in the April number of the American Journal of Science, in which interesting facts are presented, the results of observations made by the author in the Coast Range of California. He finds that the actual length of the folded strata is about two and a half to three times the horizontal distance through the mountains. It thus appears that from fifteen to eighteen miles of strata, that is, of original sea-bottom, has been crushed or mashed into six miles, with "corresponding up-swelling of the whole mass."
This diminution of distance, according to the theory of Prof. Le Conte, has not arisen from folding of the strata, but by mashing of them by horizontal pressure.
From the flattened and elongated form of little nodules of clay found in some of the strata, he concludes that their elongation vertically exactly correlates their shortening horizontally, and that the one is to the other as two and a half or three is to one. It thus appears that in the compression of the beds their constituent particles underwent a change of form corresponding with the conditions of the pressure.
These clay pellets or nodules are supposed to have been formed on the bottom of gently-flowing streams, are a part of the original sedimentary beds, and are the same in character as those which form greenish spots in slate, as described by Prof. Tyndall.
It will be seen that, in accounting for the elevation of mountain-chains, Prof. Le Conte differs from Prof. Dana in this: that while they agree that mountain-chains are formed by yielding of the earth's crust, Prof. Dana attaches importance chiefly to the bending and plication of it, Prof. Le Conte to the crushing of it. He says, "I am satisfied that Prof. Dana greatly underestimates the amount of elevation by simple mashing as compared with folding."
Brain-Weight and Mental Power.—Great weight of brain is commonly regarded as evidence of great cerebral power. That this conclusion, however, is erroneous, is shown by Dr. Robert Lawson, who, in the Lancet, compares the brain-weights of some of the great men of modern times with the brain-weights of lunatics who died in the West Riding Asylum. He gives the following instructive table:
Ounces. Ounces.
Brain-weight of Dr. Chalmers 53 Lunatic 58
" Daniel Webster 53.5 " 53
" Sir J. Y. Simpson 54 " 58.5
" Goodsir 57.5 " 59.5
" Abercrombie 63 " 60.5
" Cuvier 61 " 61
It will be observed that only Abercrombie and Cuvier surpass in weight of brain the inmates of the asylum. One of these lunatics, he whose brain weighed 61 ounces, was seventy-one years of age when he died; when he was forty-five, his brain probably weighed not less than 64 ounces, thus equaling in weight the brain of the great Cuvier, and exceeding that of Daniel Webster by 20 per cent. From all this it follows that great weight of brain is not in itself a conclusive evidence of great intellect.
From this comparison of brain-weights, Dr. Lawson passes to the consideration of the relations between genius and insanity. "Every day," he says, "the observation of the poet, that great wit is nearly allied to madness, gains a wider and more practical acceptance. So much is this the case that Dr. Wilks ventures to make the statement that it is probably the insane element which imparts what we call genius to the human race, the true celestial fire. And though it is fearful to think of the propagation of a race tainted with insanity, yet it does not follow that an infusion of the insane blood may not be desirable. Dr. Maudsley holds the same opinion."
Preservation of Zoölogical Specimens.—Last summer, Profs. Verrill and Rice, of Yale College, made a number of experiments to ascertain the effects of various chemical preparations upon marine invertebrates, the objects being to improve existing methods of preserving specimens and to ascertain the best means of killing in an expanded state species which ordinarily contract very much when put directly into alcohol. The results are given in the American Journal of Science, by Prof. Verrill, who says that several very fine preparations of Actiniæ in a state of nearly perfect expansion were made by slowly adding a concentrated solution of picric acid to a small quantity of seawater in which they had been allowed to expand. When fairly dead, they were transferred to a pure saturated solution of the acid, and allowed to remain from one to three hours. They were then placed in alcohol for permanent preservation. The alcohol should be renewed after a day or two, and this should be repeated until all the water has been absorbed from the specimen. Hydroids and most kinds of jelly-fishes can be easily preserved in the same way. Even delicate Ctenophoræ can be thus preserved so as to make fair specimens. The experiments were made with the view of finding some poison that will kill mollusks, especially gasteropods, in a fully-extended state, but the results were negative; at least no method was discovered that is more generally successful than that of allowing them to suffocate in stale sea-water, through excess of carbonic acid and deficiency of oxygen.
Improvement of the Steam-Engine.—In giving testimony before the Government Commissioners on the Advancement of Science in Great Britain, Mr. Anderson, superintendent of machinery at Woolwich, spoke of Joule's experiments on the conservation of energy as of immense value and as being an example of what government should do for the common good. Joule had made engineers thoroughly dissatisfied with their present knowledge as to what they can do with steam. "I believe," he continued, "that what Joule did will do more for this country than even what James Watt did. The part that James Walt took was very great, and the world gives him full credit for it; but the world is scarcely willing to give credit to Joule. Engineers know that the best steam-engine is not doing one-sixth of the work which it ought to do and can do. That is a sad state of matters to be in when we know that we are so far wrong, but yet no one will go to the trouble of going to the end of the question so as to improve the steam-engine as it might be done."
Underground Forests in the Thames Valley.—An interesting geological discovery, as we learn from Nature, was recently made during excavations for a new tidal basin at the Surrey Commercial Docks, London. On penetrating some six feet below the surface, the workmen everywhere came across a subterranean forest-bed, consisting of peat with trunks of trees, for the most part still standing erect. All are of species still inhabiting Britain; the oak, alder, and willow, are apparently most abundant. The trees are not mineralized, but retain their vegetable character, except that they are thoroughly saturated with water. In the peat are found bones of the great fossil ox. Fresh-water shells are also found. No doubt is entertained that the bed thus exposed is a continuation of the old buried forest which has been brought to light at various other localities on both sides of the Thames. In each ease the forest-bed is found buried beneath the marsh-clay, showing that the land has sunk below the tidal level since the forest flourished.
The Medication of Infants.—From experiments made by Dr. Lewald it appears that sundry medicines are most advantageously introduced into the system of an infant through the mother's milk. Thus of iron a larger quantity can be administered to the infant in this way than by any other means. Bismuth, however, is eliminated in the milk only in very small quantity. Iodine does not appear in the milk until ninety-six hours after taking it; iodide of potassium appears four hours after ingestion, and continues to be eliminated for eleven days. Arsenic appears in the milk at the end of seventeen hours, and continues for at least forty hours. Oxide of zinc, though one of the most insoluble preparations, is eliminated by the milk; it disappears sooner than iron. The elimination of antimony is an undeniable fact, and it is well to bear this in mind during the period of nursing; the same holds true in regard to mercurial preparations. That alcohol and narcotics are eliminated by the milk has not been demonstrated. Sulphate of quinine is eliminated very easily, and a child suffering from intermittent fever was cured by administering quinine to the nurse.
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The Carice Singers
Vocal ensembles
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About The Carice Singers
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Named after Elgar's daughter, we aim to bring fresh and imaginative interpretations to all types of choral music.
The Carice Singers are an ensemble comprised of some of the UK’s finest young professional singers, noted for their “freshness of tone” and “careful musicality” (Gramophone). Named after the daughter of Sir Edward Elgar, the choir brings an imaginative and informed approach to choral music of the Romantic period and beyond, frequently drawing upon the latest academic research to produce original and insightful programmes. Founded in 2011 with an inaugural recital of Elgar’s choral works in the Cotswolds, the choir maintains a tradition of performing in rural areas, and balances this with appearances at more well-trodden venues. The Carice Singers’ current project is a mini-series of CD recordings for Naxos featuring choral music by lesser-known British composers, including Peter Warlock, EJ Moeran and Arnold Bax.
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Compare Two Poems "London" By William Blake and "Ozymandias" By Percy Bysshe Shelley (Comparison Essay Sample)
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Check Out Our Compare Two Poems "London" By William Blake and "Ozymandias" By Percy Bysshe Shelley Essay
The poem ‘London’ by William Blake does more that just describing the city where the author Blake spent most of his life. It forms an overwhelming and exact political study written in intense anger showing the connections between models of possession and the reigning ideology. It shows how the human race is entangled with various destructive vices in the society. The writer tries to explain the predicament that has fallen on people every where starting from the young ones to grownups. He starts by showing the problems that have befallen him when he talks of wandering. He says that he wanders through each chartered street which demonstrates the frustrations of many people. The word chartered has been repeated in order to emphasize the situation. Furthermore, the word appears overemphasized by the way of splitting in two. The use of this strengthened word twice is meant to enlighten the irony of the streets which were personal but were filled with the oppression that was driven by capitalism during the early times where emerging capitalists who didn’t need the throne for power used to collect riches for themselves through taxes and hence taking the wealth from the mainstream population to the minority. The writer makes use of the image of marks on the faces of people to reveal their feelings about what was happening in this neighborhood.
Blake uses repetition of the word ‘every’ in the second verse, five times to stress the point. He uses the image of cries of men as well as infants to manifest the gravity of the issue. His use of infants crying in fear implies that they are victims. The children are crying in fear of what has befallen them while men are crying because of what other men are doing. In the last verse of the poem, the writer tries to show how the young prostitutes are killing their children through abortion. This is the reason why children are crying with fear. He says that these evils are happening at night in secluded places along the streets. The soldiers sigh and their blood running down palace walls. This tries to manifest the problems experienced by soldiers in their work. All these evils are leading to the death of family values and that is why the institution of marriage is loosing its grip in the society.
The poem ‘Ozymandias’ on the other hand shows the decline of political leaders however strong they are, over time. Ozymandias is an alternative name for the Rameses II, an ancient Egyptian king. The writer starts by drawing a vivid picture of the tomb of the Ozymandias which looks different from what Ozymandias himself would have wanted it to look like. The king instructed a sculptor to design a huge model that showed his enormous power but a traveler who came across it found only broken stones that had been destroyed by time.
The statue that had been disfigured by time was still decipherable but it had been shattered and it was obvious that it was no longer in command. This is shown by the use of image that the inscribed words could still be read, “Look on my works, ye mighty”. The destroyed tomb is found on a big desert which could be interpreted as the writer’s way of showing how dictators’ reign ultimately ends in a waste land.
Shelley’s poem bears more satire by the way it shows the vulnerability of the human race as far as mortality is concerned. The writer explains that mutability and mortality will ultimately destroy every person on earth. The poem remains a compelling analysis of tyrants like Ozymandias and others but it is also an outstanding meditation on the human race whose time on earth is limited. All of the components of the poem that is the traveler, the artist who made the sculpture and the tomb as well as the reader, have the same destiny with Ozymandias. All our plans and creation, however superior and complicated they may appear, are bound by the same element which is time. The strength and might of a political leader may appear great and magnificent but does not last forever. The image used by Shelley to describe the fall of an empire looks particularly powerful. This is because many political leaders do not seem to think that their rule will ever come to and end. This is a great lesson not only to leaders but also to everyone else that no one shall remain on earth forever.
In conclusion, the poem ‘London’ depicts the problems that were experienced by the residents of the city where Blake grew up. These social problems led to the cries and frustrations of the general public from children to grownups. The problems range from the death of soldiers in the government, prostitution, abortion and the death of the family institution. The second poem ‘Ozymandias’ depicts the fall of great kingdoms which at the beginning may not look destructible. However, time has a special ability of bringing down even the strong and mighty including ourselves. The poem ends by showing the shared destiny of the human race which is beyond anyone’s control.
Need more Comparison Essay Examples?
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Meryl Streep on Meryl Streep
Meryl Streep on Meryl Streep--The acclaimed actress takes a critical look at her own brilliant career
March 24, 2000 at 05:00 AM EST
”I think I was a strange child,” says Meryl Streep. ”I liked to imagine what I would look like when I was an old woman. So I took my mother’s eyebrow pencil and drew in the lines. I have this picture now, this little picture of this 10-year-old, huddled in a chair, with the saddest, sort of weathered face. It was really interesting that I liked doing that then. It wasn’t that I was sad — I was just getting into character.”
Meryl Streep has been getting into character ever since — more fulfillingly than any movie actress of our era. After 23 years and 27 feature films, she won her 12th Academy Award nomination this year for Music of the Heart, tying the record set by Katharine Hepburn. Yet when the actress, who married sculptor Don Gummer in 1978, looks back on her films, she’s more likely to mark them by the ages of her four children (20 to 8) than by the awards she’s won. EW asked her for the highlights:
THE DEER HUNTER 1978
Only four years out of Yale School of Drama, Streep, then 29, won her first Oscar nomination as the almost mute, abused woman who loves both Robert De Niro and Christopher Walken in Michael Cimino’s Vietnam drama.
Working with De Niro [helped]…he’s very interested in what happens in a scene as the camera rolls, after your instinct is that they should say ”Cut!” I was surprised at what a substantial part it was when I saw the movie. It was just seven pages, but it does have an impact. It’s in her neglect that you notice her.
KRAMER VS. KRAMER 1979
Streep won raves in a tiny role as Woody Allen’s lesbian ex in Manhattan (1979) and then as a Louisiana lawyer having an affair with a married senator (Alan Alda) in 1979’s The Seduction of Joe Tynan. But it was her role as Dustin Hoffman’s troubled ex in Robert Benton’s emotional drama about a custody battle that won her a Best Supporting Actress Oscar.
I worked a week at the beginning and a week at the end. But [laughing] they talk about me disparagingly for two hours!
In 1979, nobody was talking about depression, but this woman probably thought about killing herself once or twice every day. I could understand the compulsion to leave and not want to take your little boy wherever you were going in order to get better. I didn’t think she was horrible — I read it and I was on her side.
The ending never felt like an ending to me. Everyone said, ”There! She gave the boy back!” And I thought, ”Yeah…that week.” You don’t know where the process of her getting herself back together would lead. And you just know when the boy became preadolescent, he’d say ”F— you, Dad! I’m gonna go live with Mom, a–hole!”
THE FRENCH LIEUTENANT’S WOMAN 1981
Streep’s first leading role came opposite Jeremy Irons in a hall-of-mirrors adaptation of John Fowles’ novel. She played two roles — the haunted mistress of a Victorian gentleman, and the modern-day actress playing her — and won her first Best Actress nomination.
I thought it was very interesting, but I must say, I could never attach to either of my characters. It was very disconcerting — I didn’t know who I was at any given moment. This movie…set me aside from myself. I didn’t know where the actress was manipulating the guy through her character. Everything was so conscious, and I don’t like to be conscious when I’m acting. I like to be unconscious, extremely unconscious.
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WOMADELAIDE – Sunny Jain from Red Baraat
Music, A Form of Meditation
TANYSHA BOLGER – FEBRUARY 20, 2014
Formed in 2008, Red Baraat is a pioneering eight-piece band from Brooklyn, New York. Conceived by Sunny Jain (interviewed below), the group has drawn worldwide praise for its singular sound — a merging of hard driving North Indian bhangra rhythms with elements of jazz, go-go, brass funk, and hip-hop. Playing in cities all over the world, as word spreads of the band’s incredibly powerful live performances, Red Baraat will be heading to Australia for the first time to play at WOMADelaide.
With energetic live performances, a unique sound that incorporates influences from all sorts of genres, Red Baraat is a band that is a must see for a live performance. Below, we caught up with lead singer Sunny Jain, talking all things Brooklyn, New York and the energy of live performances.
Hi there Sunny how are you?
I’m doing excellent thank you!
Your music seems to stream from a lot of North-Indian bhangra, but there’s a little bit of Jazz and other styles thrown in. How do you go about composing your songs to suit that sort of style?
It’s really quite an interesting process. There’s eight people in the band and everyone has their own musical sensibility. Like our trombone player might have an idea for a song that’s quite different than everyone else’s idea. We come together and sort of go through each influence, it’s quite cool in that way because of the roots and the foundations it involves, that American sensibility behind it. Jazz, RnB and Hip Hop, it really involves each style in that organic fashion without really specifying a specific genre. Everyone is very open, no one really has a particular construct that they want to follow or need to follow. We listen with open ears to everyone’s style and that’s really how our songs come together.
Your live shows have been described as an energetic dance party. What do you enjoy most about playing live?
The biggest thing about music for me is that it’s a form of meditation. It requires you to be in the moment, to really be in the moment and to really centre yourself around that. When playing live shows we’re getting rid of distractions such as checking Facebook, texts and phone calls, it sort of becomes a sacred place. For me and for us, the greatest thing about playing live is being in the moment. Having that communication with the band members, the audience and with the music; it’s spiritual. The band isn’t your typical pop or rock band, we use improvisation a lot in our live shows, and we act as if we;re throwing this huge party full of energy and lots and lots of dancing. Improvisation bring flexibility along with it, and it’s a lot of fun.
You guys also played at the London 2012 Closing Paralympics. That must of been quite an experience. How did yourself and the band prepare for that?
It was in Trafalgar square so that was pretty cool. We were given a two week tour playing throughout the UK. So it was probably the same preparation, not really necessarily different, except acknowledging that we were playing in the middle of Trafalgar square. There were loads of people around and it was certainly an awesome experience.
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Music is about unity and joining people together, and I think you do this exceptionally well with the music you all create. Where do you see yourselves going in the future?
It’s funny you asked that, we actually just finished recording our next album last night. We spent the last week in the studio, recording about 11 songs and getting them ready to release for summer this year. Myself and the band want to keep making music, and potentially do some collaborative efforts with other artists. We’d love to continue touring as well.
What’s interesting with this new album is that we’re adding new effects, so it’s lending itself to a much darker sound, like a fierce and ferocious sound, not a dark sound as such. Working on an album is different to playing live, it’s very rigorous. When you play live no matter what happens, it happens. Recording is all about finding that balance of getting it right, but not getting it perfectly right. I don’t like obsessing over it. I think sometimes that what’s wrong with music nowadays is obsessing over perfection. Music should be about hearing that human quality. That little slip up, or timing gone astray for a second; that allows you to know that human being has played it.
Are there any festivals or countries you would like to play in that you haven’t visited before?
We still need to play in India and Pakistan, which is completely ridiculous because that’s where a lot of our music is influenced from, but unfortunately we just haven’t gotten over there. We have been scheduled to play a government sponsored tour in Pakistan, but when the government shut down last year it got cancelled. It’ll be really interesting to play there because they’re going to be our harshest critics, they’re either going to really love our music or hate it, it’s going to be interesting.
Everywhere you travel you must be influenced in one way or another. How do you think you carry the style of Brooklyn, New York around with you?
That’s in us because of the energy of the city, there’s really nothing quite like it. Brooklyn has changed in the sense that it’s still gritty, it allows for so much creativity. It’s become very different. Brooklyn to me is where adventurous people are and venues support that. It’s the energy and charge of the city, it’s literally a city that never sleeps. You can always get a sandwich at any hour. The urgency that New Yorker’s have, we really incorporate that into our music and it inspires us a lot.
If you would like to see Red Baraat play at Womadelaide, tickets are available through www.womadelaide.com.au/tickets.
WOMADELAIDE – Makana Interview
Irvin Rivera | Featured Photographer
Ten things you learn & do when you move out of home | Article
Life Is Strange | Article
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FinanceVenture Capital
Harvard-Linked VC Fund Goes Up in Smoke and Acrimony
Dan Primack
When venture capital firms implode, it usually happens quietly. Once all the lawyers and mediators and PR pros are done, the mess is cleaned up for public consumption. Orderly transition. Amicable divorce.
But that is not the case at Xfund, an early-stage venture capital group with deep ties to Harvard University. Instead, the firm’s two general partners—Patrick Chung and Hugo Van Vuuren—have engaged in an acrimonious breakup that has included employee firings, name-calling, bank account freezes, and even a restraining order request.
What follows is based on court records and background conversations with nearly a dozen sources who are familiar with, and in some cases directly involved with, the Xfund debacle. None would agree to be identified, citing possible legal repercussions.
It all started so well…
Xfund began life in the fall of 2011 as something called The Experiment Fund, a partnership between established venture capital firm New Enterprise Associates and Harvard University’s School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. The idea was to make seed-stage investments in startups based on research done at Harvard or other local universities. It was located on Harvard’s campus, and staffed by Hugo Van Vuuren, a serial entrepreneur and “expert-in-residence” at Harvard. The person responsible for Xfund on NEA’s side was Patrick Chung, a Silicon Valley-based partner who mostly focused on consumer technology investments.
Three more VC firms—Accel Partners, Breyer Capital and Polaris Partners—would join up in mid-2012, with each receiving a seat on The Experiment Fund’s investment committee. The basic set-up was this: Van Vuuren would source the deals. More experienced VCs would help vet them, and then, if acceptable, okay the investments. More than 70% of the deals in Experiment Fund, sized at $10 million, emanated from Harvard and MIT. Another 9% came from Stanford, with the remainder spread out among a few other schools.
By mid-2014, The Experiment Fund seemed to be a success. For Chung, it also represented a new opportunity. He had been with NEA for nine years, but his path to general partner was unclear. So he proposed raising a much larger Experiment Fund, to be renamed Xfund, alongside Van Vuuren. The founding VC firms would still contribute capital, but only one would serve on the limited partner committee (LPAC), a group that represents all of a VC fund’s investors. The other two spots would be filled by investors Jasper Ridge Partners and Top Tier Capital Partners, while Chung and Van Vuuren would serve as Xfund’s two general partners. Chung continued to work out of NEA’s offices in Silicon Valley, while Van Vuuren remained at Harvard (even though the University had no legal or financial relationship to Xfund).
In early December 2014, Xfund announced its independence, and that it had raised $100 million for its new investment pool, Xfund 2. Included in that was the purchase of The Experiment Fund’s entire portfolio, which was effectively rolled into the new fund.
“We deliver the best of both our academic and investing worlds,” Chung told Fortune at the time. (Read: Harvard-affiliated VC fund raises $100 million)
Seeds of discontent
The first paperwork for XFund 2 was drawn up in June 2014, so that the new fund could take advantage of an investment opportunity. It described a true 50/50 partnership between Chung and Van Vuuren, in terms of both economic interests (e.g., carried interest) and corporate governance. Shortly after announcing the fund’s existence in December, however, Van Vuuren was sent documents that effectively gave Chung governance control. If there was a “tie” in terms of an investment or personnel decision, Chung’s vote would carry the day.
Van Vuuren approved the amended documents via an electronic signature, but effectively claims in a court filing that he was bamboozled. From the filing:
While Van Vuuren was abroad helping his family, Chung went to Xfund 2’s counsel, Peter Laybourn of Ropes & Gray LLP, without informing Van Vuuren, and misrepresented to Laybourn that Van Vuuren had agreed to amend the Xfund Management Company operating agreement to give Chung a controlling vote on all matters (not just investment decision stalemates). Laybourn, under the mistaken impression that Van Vuuren had consented to this arrangement, instructed a junior associate to revise the operating agreement according to Chung’s instructions and email the amendment… Ropes & Gray did not advise Van Vuuren of the impact and significance of the revisions or recommend that he have them reviewed by personal counsel… At Chung’s repeated insistence, in the midst of dealing with a family emergency, by cell phone, and without internet, Van Vuuren attached his electronic signature to the amendment.
Fortune has spoken to several limited partners in Xfund, and they differ in understanding of how the fund was supposed to operate. Some say it was believed that Chung would have a tie-breaker, given that he was the much more experienced venture capitalist. One says he believed the two would be equal partners in all things. Moreover, a Ropes & Gray attorney named Aaron Katz, who was brought in later to help manage Xfund’s fraying relationship, allegedly wrote Van Vuuren an email saying he was surprised by the amendments, because it seemed to violate “a marriage of two equals.”
Van Vuuren appears to have resented the agreement once he claims to have fully understood it in early 2015, and he and Chung began to bicker. Moreover, Chung alleges in a court filing that Van Vuuren’s productivity declined precipitously, and several times sent Van Vuuren disparaging messages that, depending on your point of view, read like justified frustration or abusive bullying.
The true flashpoint, however, came when Chung decided to terminate Kristen Ostro, a onetime NEA employee who had joined Xfund as an operations adviser (and later took on the added responsibility of marketing director). Ostro wrote in an email at the time that she believed that the termination was in retaliation for her “whistle-blowing Patrick” in June 2015 for “actively bullying, and mentally and emotionally abusing me and the entire team.” Sources close to Chung say he simply felt her work performance was below par, and that she had come up short on a performance plan devised largely by Van Vuuren (charges Ostro disputed at the time ― she declined comment when Fortune reached out). Either way, Chung and Van Vuuren did not agree on firing Ostro, and it made the “tie-breaker” an even sorer bone of contention.
It all falls apart
What happened next depends on who you believe. Those siding with Chung claim that Van Vuuren became unhinged, going so far as to threaten violence against both Chung and Ropes & Gray attorneys (in part, Chung believes, because Van Vuuren was worried about his immigration status). Van Vuuren denies such allegations, saying they were a smokescreen manufactured to help Chung maintain control of Xfund. He also claims in court papers to have uncovered financial improprieties that improperly enriched Chung, according to court documents.
The two partners met repeatedly with attorneys—both from Ropes and Gray, and also Van Vuuren’s personal counsel at K&L Gates—but to no avail. By mid-January, the limited partner advisory committee decided to quietly suspend Xfund’s ability to make new investments (it had only deployed around 10% of its $100 million), although it could participate in follow-on deals for existing portfolio companies. In March, Chung chose to terminate Van Vuuren, a move that could become the basis for a later legal action by Van Vuuren against Xfund (based on an argument, made in court papers, that there is no provision by which a managing member of the fund can be terminated).
“While Xfund’s differentiated investment model is working, as evidenced by outstanding portfolio company performance, high deal flow, and unique collaborative relationships with our university partners and LPs, there was a breakdown in the General Partnership that ultimately required us to terminate Mr. Van Vuuren,” according to a statement provided to Fortune by Xfund (which effectively is now Chung). “Xfund will continue to fully back our existing portfolio companies as we work through this transition and move forward. We are very grateful for the support we’ve received from our extraordinary LPs.”
At around the same time, Silicon Valley Bank froze Xfund’s accounts, due to what it referred to as a “dispute among the partners.” (XFund subsequently opened a new account at First Republic Bank.)
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Less than a week later, Chung filed a temporary restraining order request in Santa Clara Superior Court, claiming that Van Vuuren had repeatedly threatened violence against Chung and his family. While the incidents had occurred much earlier in 2016, Chung said in court papers that the timing of his request was tied to Van Vuuren’s plans to attend an Xfund-related event in Silicon Valley, over Chung’s expressed wishes that he remain in Massachusetts. Chung also claimed that Van Vuuren had threatened at least one attorney at Ropes & Gray, and that the law firm retained “armed security personnel” to provide personal protection. The law firm also allegedly put Van Vuuren on a “do not admit” list, though Ropes & Gray has declined comment. Finally, Chung alleged that Van Vuuren had “forged my signature” on certain immigration documents, per his court filing.
Van Vuuren denied the allegations in a lengthy response that included letters from two former Xfund employees—Ostro and Halah AlQahtani, who resigned around the time Van Vuuren was fired—that seemed supportive of Van Vuuren’s point of view. His response also included the aforementioned text messages from Chung, and a letter from immigration attorney Jeff Goldman that said his status would not be materially affected by losing his affiliation with Xfund. Moreover, Goldman tells Fortune that it is “somewhat common” for law firms to sign someone’s name on immigration documents if authorized to do so (particularly as faxed or scanned signatures are not accepted).
Chung later would withdraw the temporary restraining order request, as the two sides reached an out-of-court arrangement.
As all of this was going on, the limited partner committee retained its own counsel (Nixon Peabody), and Ropes & Gray recused itself as Xfund’s counsel to avoid an appearance of conflict (it was replaced by Lowenstein Sandler). While the LPAC itself cannot officially assert a managerial role, a letter obtained by Fortune shows that it has recommended that Chung be allowed to continue running Xfund. LPs have been asked to ratify a plan whereby they would effectively remove the current “general partner,” and then create a new one led by Chung (two LPs suggested that he also might have some sort of monitor to make sure he is acting in the fund’s best interest). That move might not only remove Van Vuuren from any decision-making capacity, but also theoretically deprive him of carried interest from existing Xfund investments.
Several LPs who support the proposal say that their decision is mostly influenced by Chung’s experience, and their belief that he was responsible for the vast majority of XFund’s deals (and its fundraising). Van Vuuren supporters, for their part, argue that he sourced the fund’s single-most valuable investment, Kensho.
“The problem here isn’t that a two-person fund can’t be truly 50/50, or that it can’t work when one person has a tie-breaker,” one LP explains. “All that matters is that the two people agree on the set-up, and it doesn’t appear that Patrick and Hugo did.”
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David Icke's Official Forums > Conspiracy/Truth Researchers > General - The Researchers
Alan Watt Links thread
SGT Pepper Special
Asda claims first ever striped pepper, with distinct flavour..
Agenda 21 , GMOs and Depopulation Alan Watt..
Germany's Bayer has raised its offer for Monsanto to $65bn (£49bn), or $127.50 a share, in a bid to create a global seeds and pesticides giant..Bayer said it was in advanced talks with Monsanto, but warned there was no guarantee a deal would result..Its initial offer of $122 a share in May was rejected by the US firm for being "financially inadequate"..The record all-cash offer valued Monsanto at $62bn (£43bn at the time)..Bayer raised its offer to $125 a share in July but was again rebuffed..Combining Bayer and Monsanto would create the world's biggest agricultural supplier and be a market leader in the US, Europe and Asia..Bayer's farm business produces seeds as well as chemicals to combat weeds and insects, but it is better known for its healthcare products such as Aspirin and Alka-Seltzer..Monsanto is primarily known for its genetically modified seeds for crops including corn, soybeans, cotton, wheat and sugar cane.. Such seeds have attracted criticism from some environmental activists..
Peppers grow in a greenhouse operated by Monsanto's seeds division in Bergschenhoek, the Netherlands ..
In 1925, Bayer became part of IG Farben, the world's largest chemical company.. Following the Nazi takeover of Germany, IG Farben was embroiled in the Nazi regime's policies as a large government contractor.. After World War II, Bayer was reestablished as an independent company, and quickly regained its position as one of the world's largest chemical and pharmaceutical corporations..In 1941, an investigation exposed a "marriage" cartel between John D. Rockefeller's United States-based Standard Oil Co. and I.G. Farben..It also brought new evidence concerning complex price and marketing agreements between DuPont, a major investor in and producer of leaded gasoline, United States Industrial Alcohol Company and its subsidiary, Cuba Distilling Co.. The investigation was eventually dropped, like dozens of others in many different kinds of industries, due to the need to enlist industry support in the war effort..IG Farben had bought the patent for the pesticide Zyklon B, which had been invented by the Nobel Prize-winning Jewish German chemist Fritz Haber's research group at the Institute for Physical Khemistry and Elektrochemistry in the 1920s, and which was originally used as an insecticide, especially as a fumigant in grain stores..
The Beatles - Within You Without You ..
On the eve of World War II the German chemical complex of I.G. Farben was the largest chemical manufacturing enterprise in the world, with extraordinary political and economic power and influence within the Hitlerian Nazi state. I. G. has been aptly described as "a state within a state.".. Without the capital supplied by Wall Street, there would have been no I. G. Farben in the first place and almost certainly no Adolf Hitler and World War II...Directors of Farben firms included not only Germans but also prominent American financiers.. This 1945 U.S. War Department report concluded that I.G.'s assignment from Hitler in the prewar period was to make Germany self-sufficient in rubber, gasoline, lubricating oils, magnesium, fibers, tanning agents, fats, and explosives.. To fulfill this critical assignment, vast sums were spent by I.G. on processes to extract these war materials from indigenous German raw materials - in particular the plentiful German coal resources..Where these processes could not be developed in Germany ,they were acquired from abroad under cartel arrangements.. For example, the process for iso-octane, essential for aviation fuels, was obtained from the United States..One of the more horrifying aspects of I.G. Farben's cartel was the invention, production, and distribution of the Zyklon B gas, used in Nazi concentration camps..The Berlin N.W. 7 office of I.G. Farben was the key Nazi overseas espionage center..The management of American I.G. (later General Aniline) was dominated by I.G. or former I.G. officials..The original board of directors included nine members who were, or had been, members o[ the board of I.G. Farben in Germany..Directors of American I.G. were not only prominent in Wall Street and American industry but more significantly were drawn from a few highly influential institutions..Several basic OBservations can be made from this evidence...
Anyone for Aspirin & Alka-Seltzer ? You'll be neeDing it after eaTing all that GMO ..I bet Prince CharLes doesn't Grow GMO on his O-rganic Farm..
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-37281453
http://reformed-theology.org/html/bo...chapter_02.htm
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...9&postcount=27What kind of people is it in which I am comprised? Good people? Bad people?..Man," I cried, "how ignorant art thou in thy pride of wisdom!..Did you ever consider the consequences of your actions?..https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...8&postcount=57
Publication date April 23, 1993..
Agenda 21 is a non-binding, voluntarily implemented action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development.. It is a product of the Earth Summit (UN Conference on Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992.. It is an action agenda for the UN, other multilateral organizations, and individual governments around the world that can be executed at local, national, and global levels.. The "21" in Agenda 21 refers to the 21st Century.. It has been affirmed and had a few modifications at subsequent UN conferences..
Wormwood Street pictured in the aftermath of the Bombing..
The first World Public Meeting on Culture, held in Porto Alegre, Brazil, in 2002, came up with the idea to establish guidelines for local cultural policies, something comparable to what Agenda 21 was for the environment..The city was one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, having previously been a venue for the 1950 FIFA World Cup..Moinhos de Vento is one of the richest neighborhoods in the city.. Its and clubs are more likely to be fashionable, including upscale Pink Elephant Club, Faro and Box 21, which feature mostly house music.. Along Padre Chagas Street people can find typical Irish pubs and cafes..A fictionalized view of the Porto Alegre nightlife could be seen in the Érico Verissimo's novel Noite..He finds two "vultures of the night", enigmatic noctivague figures with a high penchant for bohemian lifestyles.. The "vultures" (The Master and The Hunchback) take the man on a surrealistic journey through the darkest places of the city, to "enjoy the night": a funeral parlor, the emergency service of a hospital, a deluxe whorehouse and a low-level working class cabaret..Motor vehiculls are responsible for the main atmospheric Pollutant emissions...
Fire in the Sky - The Space Suit Room (1993) HD ..
The Republican National Committee has adopted a resolution opposing Agenda 21, and the Republican Party platform stated that "We strongly reject the U.N. Agenda 21 as erosive of American sovereignty"..Several state and local governments have considered or passed motions and legislation opposing Agenda 21..Alabama became the first state to prohibit government participation in Agenda 21..Many other states, including Arizona, are drafting, and close to passing legislation to ban Agenda 21...Activists, some of whom have been associated with the Tea Party movement by The New York Times and The Huffington Post, have said that Agenda 21 is a conspiracy by the United Nations to deprive individuals of property rights..Columnists in The Atlantic have linked opposition to Agenda 21 to the property rights movement in the US.. In 2012 Glenn Beck co-wrote a dystopian novel titled Agenda 21 based in part on concepts discussed in the UN plan..
1993 April 22 – In Washington, D.C. the Holocaust Memorial Museum is dedicated - Stephen Lawrence was born on 13 September 1974 to Jamaican parents who had emigrated to the UK in the 60s - Candid Camera creator Allen Funt suffers a stroke at 78 - Mosaic version 1.0 is released - Treurnicht was the author of no fewer than 16 books, many in the cultural field -Seattle Mariner Basio no-hits Boston Red Sox - "Who's Tommy" opens at St James Theater NYC for 899 performances - Ryu Hwayoung, was a member of South Korean girl group T-ara..In 2010, Hwayoung's identical twin sister, Hyoyoung placed first in a nationwide beauty pageant, "Miss Chunhyang"/23 - Originally a Mexican American farm worker, Chavez became the best known Latino American civil rights activist - The WHO declares tuberculosis a Global Emergency - "Tommy" premieres in NYC - Guido Carli was an Italian banker, economist and politicain - Eritreans vote overwhelmingly for independence from Ethiopia in a UN-monitored referendum - Brooke Palsson is a Canadian actress and singer-songwriter..She performed during the Pan American Games in Toronto's District\24 – Oliver Tambo was buried in Benoni, Johannesburg - On 23 July 2014, Davies joined Tottenham Hotspur on a 5 -year deal for an undisclosed fee..He made his first start for the club in the league in a 2–1 away win at Hull on the 23rd of November - A huge IRA truck bomb explodes at Bishopsgate in the centre of London's financial district, causing extensive damage to the area, killing a news photographer and injuring 44 others..A 1 tonne ANFO bomb made by the IRA's South Armagh Brigade had been smuggled into England and was placed in the truck disguised underneath a layer of tarmac..At approximately 9 am, 2 volunteers from an IRA ASU drove the truck containing the bomb onto Bishopsgate..They parked the truck outside 99 Bishopsgate, which was then the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, located by the junction with Wormwood Street and Camomile Street, and left the area in a car driven by an accomplice..The bomb exploded at 10:27 am causing extensive damage to multiple buildings along a significant stretch; the cost of repair was estimated at the time at £1 billion...Shayler's article claimed MI5 could have stopped the bombing..The Merchant Taylors' Hall, London is the seat of the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors, one of the Twelve Great Livery Companies of the City of London surviving from Mediaeval times..The Company has occupied its present site between Threadneedle Street and Cornhill since 1347 - Firestone World Bowling Tournament of Saturndays...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
https://www.theguardian.com/sustaina...sustainability
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Bishopsgate_bombing
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...6&postcount=71If we've learned anything it's that emotion is weakness.. Love is the greatest flaw of humans and our best tool to break them..The human soul...interests you?..I would only tell Diana what I've learned...https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=751
Sprinkling of Klouds
Then I saw what happened..There is a clear blue sky, then the planes come and the trails criss-cross over each other, until they spread out into long clouds.. After that the sunlight dims..
They're going to try and out-do all the things they did in World War II, put on a "better show" for the public, and they will, because they have the sciences to do it.. Read up on the history of viral and bacterial warfare.. That's where your plagues will come from.. They can do all of the other things with the HAARP technology alone..Earthquakes, droughts or floods, and hurricanes, tornadoes—it's all in their treaty at the United Nations..So many things they could use, because it's all done by science, and they've been spraying us like bugs, for years now, and you can smell and taste the metallic particles in the atmosphere, pretty well everyday..
Geoengineering Watch..
In 1963, the Asquith brothers converted an old cinema building, the Queens in Castleford, into a self-service supermarket.. Another swiftly followed in the old indoor market at Edlington, near Doncaster.. Both stores traded under the name of 'Queens'.. Instead of converting an existing building, their next store was a purpose-built supermarket in South Elmsall, near Pontefract on the site of the old Palace cinema..When Norman left the company to pursue his political career, he was replaced by Leighton.. Walmart wanted to enter the UK market so CEO Bob Martin lobbied British Prime Minister Tony Blair on planning issues.. Asda, which at the time owned 229 stores, was purchased by Walmart on 26 July 1999 for £6.7 billion, trumping a rival bid from Kingfisher plc..Following the takeover, Asda retained its headquarters at "Asda House", opened in 1988 by the then Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher..
Asda Stores Limited..
Theatrical smoke and fog, also known as special effect smoke, fog or haze, is a category of atmospheric effects used in the entertainment industry..Whereas smoke screens were originally used to hide movement from enemies' line of sight, modern technology means that they are now also available in new forms; they can screen in the infrared as well as visible spectrum of light to prevent detection by infrared sensors or viewers, and they are also available for vehicles in a superdense form used to block laser beams of enemy target designators or range finders..Zinc chloride smoke is grey-white and consists of tiny particles of zinc chloride.. The most common mixture for generating these is a zinc chloride smoke mixture (HC), consisting of hexachloroethane, grained aluminium and zinc oxide.. The smoke consists of zinc chloride, zinc oxychlorides, and hydrochloric acid, which absorb the moisture in the air.. The smoke also contains traces of organic chlorinated compounds, phosgene, carbon monoxide, and chlorine..Various signalling purposes require the use of colored smoke..The smoke created is a fine mist of dye particles, generated by burning a mixture of one or more dyes with a low-temperature pyrotechnic composition, usually based on potassium chlorate and lactose (also known as milk sugar)..The use of smoke screens was common in the naval battles of World War I and World War II..The techniques and technology for creating smoke and fog effects are continually evolving...
http://www.cuttingthroughthematrix.c...ril262007.html
http://www.express.co.uk/news/weird/...climate-change
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...9&postcount=33What the hell were you two doing out there, Ben?..What were you and Jimmy doing hunting skitters, Ben?..And we will forever more, be keeping our eyes on the skies...https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=303
This Is Spartiate
Directed by Roberto..
After Athens falls under the government of the Thirty Tyrants, the lives of citizens are no longer safe.. The philosopher Socrates, meanwhile, continues his so-called philosophical "preaching", gathering more and more young disciples.. The youth of Athens like Socrates, although the conservatives, such as the comedian Aristophanes, ridicule him, believing him to be one of the sophists..
A modern statue of Leonidas, king of Sparta..
Alan: This little talk is about how a structure in the mind is made.. Structures are buildings.. You build castles in the air.. You build structures of ideas in the method of programming that’s used on the public.. It sometimes takes generations to build a structure, an idea..George Bush, Sr. referred to this as the BIG IDEA when he talked about a New World Order coming into view.. Part of that was true; it was the end of a so-called Cold War system and the beginning of the next world empire that takes over, which had been discussed in many books, mainly in Britain, as far back as the ‘70's, but a BIG IDEA IS A MASONIC TERM..It’s not just a vision, it’s a BIG IDEA and of course, like all big ideas, you must first plant the seed.. Before you can plant the seed, you've got to get the soil ready and the seed will then germinate in the soil.. That’s called the preparatory work..Laconophilia (also known as Laconism) is love or admiration of Sparta and of the Spartan culture or constitution.. The term derives from Laconia, the part of the Peloponnesus where the Spartans lived..During classical antiquity, the Peloponnese was at the heart of the affairs of ancient Greece, possessed some of its most powerful city-states, and was the location of some of its bloodiest battles..Soldiers from the peninsula fought in the Persian Wars, and it was also the scene of the Peloponnesian War of 431–404 BC.. It fell to the expanding Roman Republic in 146 BC, and became the province of Achaea..The helots were a subjugated population group that formed the main population of Laconia and Messenia, the territory controlled by Sparta..Aristotle compares the helots to "an enemy constantly sitting in wait of the disaster of the Spartans"..The Sparta earthquake of 464 BC destroyed much of Sparta, a city-state of ancient Greece...
300 - First Battle Scene - Earthquake. No Captain, Battle Formations...
The technique that’s used on the public is as old as can be.. Old as mankind himself and you’ll find in Plato’s "Republic" where he talks about the ideal world utopian society run by a dominant minority called the guardians..They used all of the techniques of culture creation and culture creation is done by drama primarily, and symbolism, paintings, architecture, it puts ideas across to people; and in drama the onlookers actually emulate what they see.. The acting societies prefer to say they reflect society, but amongst themselves they admit they help create culture, alter culture and direct culture.. THAT’S THE JOB OF THE CULTURE CREATORS, and again going back to Plato, he also talks about music and that music was a powerful, powerful force for directing the minds of the young...
THIS TECHNIQUE HAS NEVER BEEN USED TO ITS FULL EFFECT AS IT IS TODAY..
It was so powerful that Plato actually talked about LICENSING MUSICIANS because the effect it could have on the youth and he knew that too because he had followed Socrates. Socrates had to drink the hemlock because Socrates was secretly teaching the youth (the aristocratic youth) into the mysteries and he was teaching them that one day they could rebel and bring in a new type of utopian order.. The same as Pythagoras had done long before..
Zeus on his throne with his Eagle..
People basically are downloaded by entertainment into the ways that they will adopt and behave—with ideas, music, fashion, everything goes together to create culture.. Poetry of course was big in the 1800's and then radio and TV took over big time from then.. If you want to plant ideas in a psychological warfare scenario to disengage the public from a reality, you do it again through fiction, through the process of fascinating fiction, and then you take it into a realm of a twilight zone between fiction and reality by mixing the 2 together; so bits of truth with fantasy, wide speculation and then you build on it.. You build the structure.. You build the concept within someone’s mind.. The builders, the master builders – that’s what they mean by that, and it’s done over many years. An idea can take many years and even some generations to fulfill..
Hollywood is the HOLY WOOD.. It’s also the real holly – the holly tree, the bush that you take the rod from that magicians always use..You wave the magic wand like the little Disney characters does and the stars fall from the wand; you cast a spell.. Yet people are under the illusion they're in entertainment – tain.. It’s like TIN.. It means COVER. You enter UNDER THE COVER into the TENT of DARKNESS and then the light is shown and you are mesmerized..Today, we’re going through amazing changes, amazing changes with aerial spraying all over the world until people are getting used to it.. Some people can remember what clouds look like.. Some cannot and those who have NEVER LOOKED UP BEFORE, well, once you point it out to them, THEY HAVE NOTHING TO COMPARE IT TO.. They think it’s always been like that, but we’re being dosed like bugs from the air on an increasing basis..Lakenheath received its first McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagles in 1992..A US Marine Corps F-18 crashed after taking off from Lakenheath on 21 October 2015..Holly was right!..Boreham Caverns was a tourist trap!.
THEY’VE STEPPED IT UP BIG TIME SINCE PEOPLE STARTED TO NOTICE, SO THEY’RE HURRYING UP THE PROCESS...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laconophilia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates_(film)
http://tapnewswire.com/2012/07/alan-...world-we-live/
http://www.cuttingthroughthematrix.c...Nov302006.html
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...7&postcount=32I... don't suppose you'd care to share that information with me?.. It hasn't got a name.. It's a new system..Sheer magnetism, darling..I wanted us all to discover it!.. Now where would you like to go?..https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=304
elshaper
Location: Pandæmonium
Where is Alan Watt links then???
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Psychopathic Society
Morphine - Test tube babe (shoot'm down) ..
When being ruled by psychopaths, society in turn become's psychotic..Sometimes it seems impossible to escape the conclusion that the Whole World is going insane with War & Preparation for war.. However, the situation is merely a manifestation of a psychopathic tendency in politics..
3 Groups of Professional Psychopaths..
1.Political.
2.Religious..
3.Absolute...
Psychopaths in Power..Cicero’s case was divided into 3 parts..Ancient Greek political thinkers regarded ochlocracy as one of the 3 "bad" forms of government (tyranny, oligarchy, and ochlocracy) as opposed to the 3 "good" forms of government (monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy)..The Salem Witch Trials in colonial Massachusetts, in which the unified belief of the townspeople overpowered the logic of the law, also has been cited as an example of mob rule..Our society is run by insane people for insane objectives..Those weapons of mass destruction have got to be here somewhere..
No, no weapons over there..
Addressing a MOB of laughing Brianwashed supporters..
El Presidenti Duterte:"I killed about three of them - I don't know how many bullets from my gun went into their bodies"..Mr Duterte denied that he was a drug addict himself, despite using the powerful pain killer Fentanyl..Mr Duterte should be taken "seriously, but not literally" says his spokesman, Martin Andanar (born August 21, 1974) is a former Filipino TV news anchor, radio commentator, podcaster, audio blogger and voice-over artist who last worked for TV5..The network, along with a new campaign branding itself as the Kapatid Network and The Happy Network..Currently TV5 placed in the third spot of the TV ratings..He was also a voice-over talent of News5, AksyonTV, and Radyo 5 - 92.3 News FM.. it was announced that Andanar will be joining President Rodrigo Duterte's administration as the Secretary of the Presidential Communications Office..Manipulation is the key to the psychopath's conquests...Initially, the psychopath will feign false emotions to create empathy, and many of them study the tricks that can be employed by the empathy technique..Many powerful people don't want peace because they live off War, Death & Misery..
"Maybe under here?"..
American Psycho - Dinner Reservations (2000) HD .. Watch out for the Polonium .. with symbol Po & atomic number 84..
Many Psychopaths "make their living" by using charm, deceit, and manipulation to gain the confidence of their victims..Many of them can be found in white collar professions where they are aided in their evil by the fact that most people expect certain classes of people to be trustworthy because of their social or professional credentials..At the same time, psychopaths are good imposters..They have absolutely no hesitation about forging and brazenly using impressive credentials to adopt professional roles that bring prestige and power..Mr Duterte Coward made the speech before leaving the country for visits to Cambodia and Singapore ..
Fentanyl is estimated to be between 50 and 100 times as potent as morphine is a spain medication of the opiate type which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals..Morphine has a high potential for addiction and abuse..As a pharmacist's apprentice in Paderborn, Friedrich Sertürner was the first to isolate morphine from opium.. He called the isolated alkaloid "morphium" after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus..Fentanyl was first made by Paul Janssen in 1960, following the medical inception of pethidine (also known as meperidine, marketed as Demerol) several years earlier...Pethidine is the most widely used opioid in labour and delivery and is the preferred opioid in the UK..As of 2012 fentanyl was the most widely used synthetic opioid in medicine.. In 2013, 1700 kilograms were used globally..Fentanyl is also used as a recreational drug, and this use has led to thousands of overdose deaths each year from 2000 to 2015..
Cicero's cognomen, or personal surname, comes from the Latin for chickpea, cicer..Cicero was educated in the teachings of the ancient Greek philosophers, poets and historians; he obtained much of his understanding of the theory and practice of rhetoric from the Greek poet Archias..In 60 BC Julius Caesar invited Cicero to be the fourth member of his existing partnership with Pompey & Marcus Licinius Crassus, an assembly that would eventually be called the First Triumvirate.. Cicero refused the invitation because he suspected it would undermine the Republic..The struggle between Pompey and Julius Caesar grew more intense in 50 BC.. Cicero favoured Pompey, seeing him as a defender of the senate and Republican tradition, but at that time avoided openly alienating Caesar..In a letter to Varro on c. April 20, 46 BC, Cicero outlined his strategy under Caesar's dictatorship.. Cicero, however, was taken completely by surprise when the Liberatores assassinated Caesar on the ides of March, 44 BC..Cicero and Mark Antony now became the two leading men in Rome– Cicero as spokesman for the Senate; Antony as consul, leader of the Caesarian faction, and unofficial executor of Caesar's public will..Relations between the two, never friendly, worsened after Cicero claimed that Antony was taking liberties in interpreting Caesar's wishes and intentions..Cicero was one of the most viciously and doggedly hunted among the proscribed..
He was viewed with sympathy by a large segment of the public and many people refused to report that they had seen him.. He was caught December 7, 43 BC leaving his villa in Formiae in a litter going to the seaside where he hoped to embark on a ship destined for Macedonia..Cicero's last words are said to have been, "There is nothing proper about what you are doing, soldier, but do try to kill me properly"..He bowed to his captors, leaning his head out of the litter in a gladiatorial gesture to ease the task...
http://www.pathocracy.net/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicero
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl
http://www.friedgreentomatoes.org/ar...c_concepts.php
http://www.cassiopaea.com/cassiopaea/psychopath.htm
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...6&postcount=33A man should be upright, not kept upright..Remember that man lives only in the present, in this fleeting instant; all the rest of his life is either past and gone, or not yet revealed...https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=214
Psychological Themes
Alan Watt: Psychopaths & Sociopaths Run Your World..
His name was Nutkin, which earned him the inevitable nickname of "Squirrel...While Jagger erected the scaffolding in total silence, I studied the Wallplan..Dido You Know Leucophlebia is a genus of moths in the Sphingidae family.. Rasphele Boisduval, 1875..The Sphingidae is commonly known as hawk moths..A war hawk, or simply hawk, is a term used in politics for someone favoring war in a debate over whether to go to war, or whether to continue or escalate an existing war..The term also created the term "chicken hawk", referring to a war hawk who avoided military service..Lee Sharpe joined Man United from Torquay United..Herr Flick..GCHQ also undertook mass interception and tracking of internet and communications data..which earned him the inevitable nickname Smiley, poor marksman, you keep missing the target!..Attention seeker Elshaper, another one who spys on what people are watching the knight be4..As usual you have nothing of interest to say..It depicts an expedition led by a figure known as the "Stalker"..Dido you know that Saddam Hussein is an anagram of ???..Although some filming was also done in England, Portugal & Spain..Everybody needs good neighbours..With a little understanding You can find the purrfect blend..Neighbours..Should be there for one another...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucophlebia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpe_(TV_series)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/d...00/2532583.stm
http://www.rulit.me/books/spycatcher...292495-18.html
https://forum.davidicke.com/showthre...216650&page=11To lose a son under those circumstances - a violent death like my son went through, it just puts a burden on your It is time to keep your appointment with the Wicker Man..O, God! O-Jesus Christ!..https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=127
Alan Watt - Predatory Pathocracy, Psychopathy and Their Prey - The Passive Public - March 28, 2007 ..
Totalitarianism is a political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible, without any respect for human rights..Totalitarian regimes stay in political power through such techniques as propaganda, state control of the mass media and educational system, control over the economy, political repression, capital punishment, restriction of speech, mass surveillance, and the establishment of internment or forced labour camps, and a coded language like Orwell's doublethink circulates into the mainstream, using paralogic and paramoralism in place of genuine logic and morality..Dido you know that the first case of DIDo was thought to be described by Paracelsus in 1646...
OPportunity Knocks..
A love triangle is usually a romantic relationship involving 3 people...
Personality disorders are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual's culture..A distinctive feature of totalitarian governments is an "elaborate ideology, a set of ideas that gives meaning and direction to the whole society", often involving a one-party state, a dictator and a personality cult..A form of government interesting to ponerologists is one they have called pathocracy, in which individuals with personality disorders (especially psychopathy) occupy positions of power and influence.. The result is a totalitarian system characterized by a government turned against its own people..Everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state..Our enemie mines are innovative and resourceful, and so are we.. They never stop thinking about new ways to harm our country and our people, and neither do we..If all elsie fails, JUst delete it!..
How the BBC used MI5 to vet thousands of staff..
Maybe under here," he said, as a third slide was shown...
Internet and communication firms will be forced in law to help spies hack in to phones and computers under new powers..All police forces will also have the power to hack in to devices of suspects..Proposals in the Investigatory Powers Bill will place a legal requirement on communication providers to assist MI5, GCHQ and the police to break in to suspects phones and computers..Bee careful folks that they do not download anything to your ComPuter..That will include where the agencies want to remotely take control of devices and eavesdrop on suspects.. Internet and communication companies will also be required in law to retain customer web histories for up to a year..Councils will retain some of their powers to access communications data under the new REGIME..The move will cost the public around £25 million a year..After much speculation, David Cam eron has just confirmed that the government is considering plans to part-privatise Channel 4..
Pink Floyd - Young Lust + (Film version) ..
If you notice Politicains, War & Suffering are never out of the NEWS (MSM) on a daily basis..Best thing to do, avoid it altogether...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_ponerology
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/930460.stm
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ukne...-of-staff.html
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...5&postcount=33His blood is your blood..Maybe that junkie in the park will never touch a Drug again..Maybe you healed my phobia with my hands..I suppose I owe you gentlemen a story..I've killed a lot of people..I don't want to leave anything out here..I guess I've killed maybe 20 people, maybe 40..I thanked the Lord..I thanked the Lord..And then things got out of hand...https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...2&postcount=63
alan watt, culture creation, new world order
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Foreign Language Metal
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Messiah_X
While much of the world knows English, there are a lot of great bands out there who prefer sing in their native language. Sometimes I suppose it could be annoying to not understand what a song is about, but for the most part, I love bands who sing in other languages. Anyone who knows me knows I am a huge fan of Asian metal, and there are some great bands who sing in most major languages known to man. Any other fans out there?
More importantly, what languages do you think work best in metal? For me personally, I love Japanese metal. A lot of people would disagree with me because the heavy accents can be a bit much for some, and then there is the ever present problem of Engrish (Japanese people love to throw English into their music, even when they barely grasp it. Usually in the chorus lines). On the other hand, Japanese is an incredibly versatile syllabic language perfect for setting to music. A few examples of some great Japanese heavy metal:
Hellen: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMX810KRBc0
Crowley: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Stfnbnw2q6g
Onmyouza: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNfgqOGyHGI
Sniper: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZYzXCF5VUI
Of course there are many languages out there which are great for metal. I have found quite a lot of good French and Spanish metal. There are also some great ones in Russian, Czech, Swedish, and so on. I'll post a few more of my favorite foreign language bands, tell me what you think, add your own, or talk about which languages you think suit metal the best! (I'm only posting one of each for now, to keep from adding too many links to check out. Feel free to explore a language or country of interest more thoroughly)
Sifon (Czech): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GeqiMihFR5Q
Magia Negra (Spanish): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xpfpu23LTfI
H Bomb (French): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziyz5guQNPQ
Crystal Zone (Chinese): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EqMrJ8i53R0
Hurd (Mongolian): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QI2WHB-g5E8
Saxo (Malaysian): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UScJ4RLBy68
Armageddon (Korean): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOwTeLdSNNY
Leviticus (Swedish): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yB88b11d_6w
Y Diawled (Welsh): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngq9bsYH9As
Aria (Russian): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diwC-gfRd8U
Pokolgep (Hungarian): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCQNmEVddZE
For my own post I chose heavy metal bands with clean vocals, because in black and death metal it almost doesn't (usually) make a difference what language a band is singing in, but feel free to discuss any genre
Ceald Hraew
I found it surprising how much I had to think to think to remember some bands without harsh vocals which sing in languages other than English. I could remember these:
- Burzum’s latest album is in (shoddy, I heard) Old Norse, a dead language. Not all of it is harsh vocals.
- Fratello Metallo sang in Italian.
- Nightwish has a song in a Native American language (Navajo?) and a bunch in Finnish
- Not metal, but rock band Picä Tumilho uses a language with only 20,000 speakers (Mirandese).
Umodian
My favourite off the top of my head would be Genocide (Nippon), they're like Mercyful Fate's bastard child from Japan.
vengefulgoat
Majority of pagan/viking metal bands sing in their native language...
Ceald Hraew wrote:
Really? I have no way of judging, but I assumed that Vikernes would be well-read in the phonetics of old Norse through his studies. I mean, he wrote a book based on his studies of an old Norse (or was it proto-Norse?) poem.
OT: I'm a big fan of X-Japan. They use a mish-mash of Japanese and English in the lyrics, but for the most part it's all in Japanese. Something about the way the dude sings works better with the Japanese language, imo. The "whiny" aspect to it, although I don't mean that in a critical sense at all.
Umodian wrote:
Turner wrote:
I'm a big fan of X-Japan. They use a mish-mash of Japanese and English in the lyrics, but for the most part it's all in Japanese. Something about the way the dude sings works better with the Japanese language, imo. The "whiny" aspect to it, although I don't mean that in a critical sense at all.
Great ones there. I think Japan is a treasure trove for heavy metal. I also definitely think all the Japanese bands sing better in their own language, it seems to flow very naturally with music. The English parts can be pretty off-putting at times, although some do it better than others.
Messiah_X wrote:
... I think Japan is a treasure trove for heavy metal. I also definitely think all the Japanese bands sing better in their own language, it seems to flow very naturally with music. The English parts can be pretty off-putting at times, although some do it better than others.
Agreed. While we're on the subject of Japan, Loudness and Bow Wow also has some great material, quite a bit in English too but they do both quite well imo.
Really? I have no way of judging, but I assumed that Vikernes would be well-read in the phonetics of old Norse through his studies. I mean, he wrote a book based on his studies of an old Norse (or was it proto-Norse?) poem
Old Norse. Proto-Norse was much older.
The problem is that knowing a language doesn’t mean you can pronounce its phonemes as well. People singing 13th century Portuguese songs often pronounce it like modern Spanish.
oh, undoubtedly - I'd just assumed that Vikernes would have taken care to pronounce his ON as perfectly as possible. I mean, his interest seems to extend a little beyond the usual "we were vikings, lol"-type shit. But yeah, I can totally understand - his Norwegian is as far from Old Norse as my English is from Old English (I took an Old Saxon course last semester and found that out the hard way, lol)
Another one on-topic would be the few songs Sepultura did in Portugese/Spanish while they were in their "transitory" phase. I know the nu-metal sound isn't very popular here but a lot of the "jungle" metal they were putting out kept my boat afloat, if you know what I mean.
Garyuu
There are plenty of black metal bands that have vocals that are pretty easy to understand. Arckanum for example. You can hear everything he says. His songs are also in old Icelandic and old Swedish.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvpIOq58Jno
Marag
Eluveitie had songs in gaulish, didn't they? Like Slania's song and Omnos. Sounds pretty cool. I wonder what other bands sing in dead/old languages, like Arckanum as Garyuu mentioned
Can you give any examples of this?
Tip of the iceberg my friend but both great bands, and they do manage pretty well with English (Anthem and Heavy Metal Army are a couple of others that do this well). I guess I more or less prefer the lyrics to be in Japanese when the band isn't well versed in English. There are some real bad examples of Engrish out there (Mephistopheles - Be Carry In Gambling comes to mind ). I would also say that the thick accent is much less noticeable when they sing in their own language.
As far as the black metal stuff goes, like I said, feel free to post it. I like that too. And I am aware that there is plenty of black and death metal that is easy to understand. I was simply posting some bands in which the vocals are at their clearest, generally just for the purpose of this thread (and to spread awareness of a few generally unknown old school heavy metal bands which I think are pretty cool).
Been listening to a lot of The Black lately. The guy sing in Latin, of all things. The weird chant-like Latin mixed with doom metal makes for a pretty interesting sound.
Aetherial
Location: Estland
Check out lyrics in Estonian http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HfNvOz-6cds
To the death of love, death of hope and the death of all beauty!
References: Roxyben(2x), Xylem1, wizard2012, ins88, Desolator, im_mortal_man, Madcow, destructSEAN, Drones, DTD, egor_aka_vile, narcoticgoat, vampirechrist, HighBong, zege
joppek
Location: Suomi Finland Perkele
verjnuarmu is a band i think might work better for non-finns as their vocals are in the savo -dialect, which just sounds corny and forced
also, kypck are a finnish band with russian lyrics (also featuring an ak-47 shaped guitar and a 1-string bass)
All the best bands are affiliated with Satan. -Bart Simpson
Ilwhyan
Metel fraek
Location: Lifeless shadows
joppek wrote:
a 1-string bass
I bet that was the norm in Soviet Union.
"A glimpse of light is all that it takes to illuminate the darkness."
Guitarist/vocalist in Illusions Dead - death/black metal
Vocalist in Gloaming - vile, crawling death/doom metal
Zero_Nowhere
Have you actually read any of his stuff on the old norse mythology and such?
'lol vikings' would be a step up in both accuracy and depth.
Marag wrote:
Search Cantigas de Santa Maria or CSM on Youtube. One word I specifically remember being wrong is falar (which means “to speak” in both old and modern Portuguese) pronounced as if it were modern Spanish fallar or fayar.
That's probably because Portugal as it was in the 13th century was still a recent Spanish ex-county. Plus there's the whole Arabic (Moorish to be more precise) influence in the tongue and costumes. And on top of that by that point in time we hadn't even yet conquered our whole territory as we have it now, we were still a country to be.
Brazilian people speak Portuguese by the way, there isn't such a thing as a Brazilian language. You have Portuguese (Portugal) and Portuguese (Brazil), which bare its share of differences.
I guess that one of the most renowned examples of Portuguese singing in metal would have to be Moonspell, I mean "Alma Mater" right? Ava Inferi also sings some songs in Portuguese though and the way the singer uses the voice reminds me a lot of Dulce Pontes, which is a very renowned singer internationally.
samekh
In my opinion, Russian (and other Slavic languages like Ukrainian, Belarusian, etc.) is a perfect language for metal, because it sounds beautiful when sung and ferocious when growled or shrieked.
Greek works well in chanting passages, or in atmospheric music in general (especially ancient Greek, when the band knows their shit), but I think it sound great with most subgenres (death/black/grind) except maybe heavy/trad metal. That just sounds a little awkward.
Portuguese is my native language. I'm familiar with medieval Portuguese in written form, but I don't know how it sounds and how much it differs from modern Iberian Portuguese in pronounciation
androdion wrote:
The "Galego-Português" spoken at that time was a language as distinct from other various contemporaneous Spanish languages as modern Portuguese and Galician is from modern Castilian. Spain had moorish influence too, so that shouldn't be a problem.
Portuguese is my native language.
You're Portuguese?!
Indeed. My point above being that if you catch a traditional tune trying to emulate the enunciation of words from that age you won't be listening to the current Portuguese language, but rather to its archaic form that later on developed into the modern variant.
Since there are many of you on this board to whom English is not your native language, I'm curious to know, since English is so prevalent in metal, what you think of the language and how it sounds in lyrics. That may be off-topic, though.
The Spanish language didn’t influence Old Portuguese pronunciation and neither did Arabic, although both a significant amount loanwords. Pronouncing Old Portuguese to make it sound like modern Spanish is wrong. In fact, even singing in Old Spanish with modern Spanish pronunciation would be outright wrong. Errrrm this is getting way off topic, but I’d like to continue discussion so send me messages if you’d like to.
Back on topic: what about some bands which sing in Latin? And what about Classical Latin instead of Ecclesiastical Latin (which is the most common form of Latin in singing)?
samekh wrote:
The language as a whole? No offense but I think English is pretty weak. Nouns have no gender, no case, verbs have only 5 inflected forms and adjectives have no inflection at all. English also picks up too many loanwords.
On the other hand, it sounds pretty awesome in metal. Germanic languages in general sound great in metal. I don’t know why.
BTW remembered two good bands:
- Polish: CETI
- Russian: Клиника
Last edited by Ceald Hraew on Thu Nov 15, 2012 1:49 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Brazilian.
To don't keep it too off-topic, i'm pretty sure black metal band Nortada Gelada sings in portuguese, though it's hard to say for sure.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PMjLwHjWM4
Another interesting example, Yn Gizarm, which sings in chinese http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LSHFjh4-ws
I don't think english is a very exciting language, but it sounds good in metal, and meshes well with pretty much every subgenre. Sometimes it's hard to pull off some kinds of metal on other languages, but english does not have this problem. I think it's because of this, along it's the international aspect , is why most bands choose to sing in english instead of their own language.
Last edited by Marag on Thu Nov 15, 2012 2:25 pm, edited 1 time in total.
This is basically what the thread is about, only in reverse. Interesting twist on the discussion. I can't really comment because English is my primary language. I do like a lot of bands who sing in foreign languages BECAUSE they sound different. A lot of people, myself included, view vocals as another instrument. In that context, a foreign language or accent may sound like a different instrument or an exotic tone of an instrument. Since English is the primary language for a vast majority of metal bands, I find it hard to believe that this exotic quality exists when the sound is so common. Perhaps people who don't speak English as their first language would have a different opinion?
Location: Montréal, Québec
English is a second language to me. To tell you the truth, I think you've got it right and Anglo-Saxon culture is so prevalent from childhood that it can't really be deemed exotic by many, I suspect. That's been an increasingly worldwide phenomenon since WWII. Depending on their generation, everybody from Japan to Italy to Sweden has been exposed since childhood to The Beatles, Michael Jackson, Led Zeppelin, Metallica, Elvis, Madonna, U2. In turn, many international artists started using the language, so much so that for many it's actually a turn off to sing in their native tongue. Some have even gone farther erasing traces of their actual cultural background and ethnicity (Mike fucking Wead... seriously?).
It's actually *more exotic* for me when I hear a metal band singing in my native language! I suspect this is the case for many.
Personally, I think the English language works really well for metal and I love several bands in the genre but I'm also of the opinion that metal would greatly benefit if artists from other backgrounds actually highlighted this instead of faking it into being something they're not.
mjollnir wrote:
Noble Beast's debut album is way beyond MOST of what Priest did in the 80s.
OK so two things then.
Off-topic: Archaic languages in Europe had their roots in old tribes and/or dominant tribes that were occupying places where they weren't native. It's safe to say that the Iberian languages have as much to owe from Arabic tribes as much as they do from Latin, in this case descending from the Roman occupation. No language came from nowhere and as such they're a mesh of many influences. Even the Germanic languages had an enormous influence in what is current Portuguese as we have a lot of neologisms from Anglo-Saxony for instance. But I digress. My point being that one can't compare the languages used on the 13th century to the current ones in Iberia. Although many traces are left and still used the evolution of those language has been immense.
On-topic: I think that Eastern languages in metal are pretty awesome, especially in extreme metal. I wouldn't possibly imagine Aspid sung in English as it would feel really soulless, and as it is in Russian is actually part of its charm. A band like Avenger (CZE) is another good example of how an Eastern language can provide for a more exotic touch in metal.
I think that English is so usual that it's actually unconsciously dubbed by our brains as "regular", but I don't think it's boring or anything like that. Probably more than 75% of what I listen to is sung in English and I have no problem with that. On the other hand I think that some languages do give metal some extra flair. Nordic languages in black and folk give it a very nice touch, and as I said above Eastern languages in death or black have also a great impact in how I listen to the music.
Going even further on this matter I have to say that I for one don't appreciate singing in my native language that much. Portuguese is a really complex language when compared to English for instance, and there's something about the pronunciation of the words that doesn't click. Maybe it's because of the sibilance of the language which makes it seem like half the words are whispered, I really don't know for sure where to point it exactly. I do know that it sounds weird, and even more in metal which demands a bit more of rhythm and aggression than mainstream music.
Cloud0129
Krisiun should use their home language on their next album. This one song off their new album sounded pretty creepy in a good way.
Riffs wrote:
definitely - if i were to list the first 20 finnish metal bands that come to mind, probably no more than 2 or 3 of them would have lyrics in finnish (mokoma and stam1na come to mind quickly, but likely only because of the subject at hand)
VampireofTheNazereth
Dir En Grey, since they are now Death/Prog/Experimental whatever the hell else since they don't really have a genre.
The most amazing live band I've ever see. Most amazing vocalist too. Never heard anyone who can pull off insane high pitched screams, monstrous guttural growls, agonizing harsh vocals, operatic vocals, beautiful clean vocals, and vocal solos all in one. They are the most experimental band and have been around since 97. I didn't like them for a while, but now one of my all time favorite bands; a real gem.
They got me into Japans scene. Japan seems to know how to take what is out there and do them 200% better.
For those of you who only prefer metal:
Different Sense
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OG3U0tsiMwo
Vinushka
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdceudJz8jA
Sick Live Vids (see what I mean? 1st one is eerie as shit):
Tsumi to Kisei
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqrlIY1aqC8
Decayed Crow
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbDlaolz0KQ
Reiketsu Nariseba
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-webgQxRsk
Well, English is very hot, tuny and attractive language for most Czech people and it is very popular especially with youth. I am not an exemption. I always liked English and Heavy Metal music was one of the main reasons for me to start learning it. To my ears, English sounds lovely in each music genre.
Concerning other languages, I have no preferece. Every language has its own charm and I can listen to everything as long as the music is good.
Zbohatlíci zbohatlí, na čem jste to zbohatli?
FrizzySkernip
Peste Noire is one of the few bands I listen to that sing in their native language, french.
BlashyrkhMR101
A majority of songs by Alcest are in French. Gotta be a little biased about them as they are one of my favorites.
Aquarius wrote:
Incidentally, I've noted that particularly many Czech bands that I know sing in their mothertongue. Maniac Butcher, Melancholy Pessimism, !T.O.O.H.!, Opitz/Contrastic, Root, Stíny Plamenů and a few I forget. Right now I could name far less Czech bands singing in English.
chaos_orb
Location: Bavaria, Germany
I'm german and the language i dislike the most in metal is, well... german!
But i think most germans think this way...
Other than the usual english i like eastern european- (especially polish), scandinavian- and asian languages the most.
I can't get into western european languages as well, like french or spanish, sorry.
But there is one german band that i really can recommend, it's Eisregen.
They are really worth to check them out since they are very different, i really love the hard sound mixed with the keyboards and the violin...
Most of their older albums are banned in germany because of the brutality in the lyrics...
Here is a good example if you're interested
chaos_orb, I agree that German is perhaps not the most suitable language for singing, as it can sound quite harsh and abrasive even unintentionally. However, I think that element can be made excellent use of. German often sounds quite good in black metal, for example.
Ilwhyan wrote:
Yes i agree with you on this one, when listening to german stuff i prefer the black metal stuff or the ones with harsh vocals, everything else is mostly
chaos_orb wrote:
I thought it was due to the graphic nature of their covers?! Oh well, maybe it's both. They're not pretty, like at all!
If there's a language I can't personally stand in my music it would have to be French. I hate the pronunciation, the phonetics, the way that all the songs seem almost pussyfied when sang in that language. Ugh... it just gives me the creeps.
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Legacy Reserves Inc. Reaches Third Forbearance Agreement With RBL And Second Lien Lenders
PR Newswire June 13, 2019
MIDLAND, Texas, June 13, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Legacy Reserves Inc. (LGCY) ("Legacy", and collectively with its subsidiaries, the "Company") announced today that the Company has entered into third forbearance agreements (the "Third Forbearance Agreements") with its lenders under its reserve based revolving credit facility ("RBL Lenders") and its lenders under its second lien term loan ("Second Lien Lenders"). As previously announced, on June 7, 2019, the Company entered into second forbearance agreements with the RBL Lenders and Second Lien Lenders that were scheduled to terminate on 11:59 p.m. (ET) on June 12, 2019.
Legacy_Reserves_LP_Logo
Under the terms of the Third Forbearance Agreements, the RBL Lenders and Second Lien Lenders have agreed to extend the forbearance period during which the lenders will forbear from exercising any and all remedies available to them in respect of (a) any event of default arising from the maturity of the revolving credit facility on May 31, 2019 and (b) any event of default arising from Legacy not making the interest payments due on June 3, 2019 with respect to its outstanding (i) 8% senior notes due 2020, (ii) 6.625% senior notes due 2021, and (iii) 8% convertible senior notes due 2023. Additionally, the Second Lien Lenders have agreed to further extend the waiver of the covenant that required Legacy to deliver audited financial statements without a "going concern" or like qualification or exception. The forbearance period now extends through 11:59 p.m. (ET) on June 18, 2019, and will terminate upon the earlier of the end of the forbearance period or the occurrence of a specified forbearance termination event.
About Legacy Reserves Inc.
Legacy Reserves Inc. is an independent energy company engaged in the development, production and acquisition of oil and natural gas properties in the United States. Its current operations are focused on the horizontal development of unconventional plays in the Permian Basin and the cost-efficient management of shallow-decline oil and natural gas wells in the Permian Basin, East Texas, Rocky Mountain and Mid-Continent regions. Additional information regarding the Company is available at www.legacyreserves.com.
This press release may include "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this press release that address activities, events or developments that the Company expects, believes or anticipates will or may occur in the future, are forward-looking statements. Words such as "anticipates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "targets," "projects," "believes," "seeks," "schedules," "estimated," and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements rely on a number of assumptions concerning future events and are subject to a number of uncertainties, factors and risks, many of which are outside the control of the Company, which could cause results to differ materially from those expected by management of the Company. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the structure and timing of any financial, transactional, or other strategic alternative and whether any such financial, transactional, or other strategic alternative will be completed; whether the Company will be able to receive any future forbearances; realized oil and natural gas prices; production volumes, lease operating expenses, general and administrative costs and finding and development costs; future operating results; and the factors set forth under the heading "Risk Factors" in Legacy Reserves Inc.'s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. The reader should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. Unless legally required, the Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Legacy Reserves Inc.
Robert L. Norris
View original content:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/legacy-reserves-inc-reaches-third-forbearance-agreement-with-rbl-and-second-lien-lenders-300867056.html
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Steve Symington, The Motley Fool
It's hard to believe it's already been nearly four years since Corning (NYSE: GLW) unveiled its ambitious 2016-2019 "Strategy and Capital Allocation Framework." At the time, the glass technologist initially pledged to deploy over $20 billion in capital -- to be largely funded by its operating cash flow -- including returning at least $10 billion to shareholders through repurchases and increasing dividends, as well as investing roughly $10 billion back in the business toward future growth opportunities through a combination of research and development, capital spending, and strategic acquisitions.
In fact, Corning upped the ante along the way, ultimately returning over $12.5 billion to investors through dividends and share repurchases and investing $11 billion toward capturing future growth and solidifying its industry leadership.
Corning Chairman and CEO Wendell Weeks put it simply: "We did what we said we would do, and our shareholders have benefited."
But that naturally raises the question: What's next?
Pocketwatch sitting on top of paper currency.
With its original promises effectively fulfilled -- and with its stock price up nearly 80% as a result even excluding its dividend payments, which have increased 50% -- it's time to reap the benefits of those investments. To that end, Corning recently announced its new 2020-2023 "Strategy and Growth Framework."
Over the course of its new four-year plan, Corning is targeting compound annual sales growth of 6% to 8%, primarily stemming from organic growth in its five market-access platforms.
More specifically within those platforms, the company believes its core optical communications business will grow twice as fast as the broader passive optical market (helped by demand from 5G and hyperscale data centers). Its automotive market sales will double thanks to both its new gasoline particulate filter products and automotive glass. Mobile consumer electronics sales should "continue on a path to doubling" with help from Corning Gorilla Glass. Life sciences product growth should "at least" double that of the broader life-sciences industry through cell- and gene-therapy demand. Finally, the legacy display business should remain stable, as the impact of moderating price declines should be offset by new manufacturing capacity and larger television screen sizes.
Meanwhile, this top-line growth should translate to even greater 12% to 15% compound annual growth in earnings per share, aided by a combination of operating leverage and continued share repurchases. On that note, Corning renewed its pledge to return $8 billion to $10 billion to shareholders over the next four years through buybacks and dividends, the latter of which should continue to increase on a per-share basis by at least 10% each year.
"We believe that Corning is more resilient than at any point in its history," stated CFO Tony Tripeny -- a bold pronouncement considering the company has successfully weathered (and fostered, really) every technological and macroeconomic disruption imaginable since its founding in 1851.
"Our strategic investments are paying off and our relationships with industry-leading customers are creating new opportunities for collaboration and growth," Tripeny added. "Based on these factors and our record of execution, we are confident in our ability to meet the long-term goals we are setting today."
"Long-term" seems like a generous description for this four-year plan given Corning's storied history. But if Corning is able to once again deliver on its promises for new growth, I suspect the next several years could be its best yet.
Steve Symington has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool recommends Corning. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
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A Happening of Monumental Proportions
A Happening of Monumental Proportions on 123Movies
You are watching the movie A Happening of Monumental Proportions
During the course of one day, a group of students at a school in Los Angeles find themselves caught up in a plot of sex, lies and dead bodies.
Director: Judy Greer
Actors: Allison Janney, Anders Holm, Bradley Whitford, Common, Jennifer Garner, John Cho, Katie Holmes, Kumail Nanjiani, Rob Riggle, Storm Reid
Beauty & the Beholder
A narcissistic plastic surgeon, who prefers women of a certain high quality, but meets an every day woman who questions his morals, his methods and his meaning to life.
Phillip is a wealthy quadriplegic who needs a caretaker to help him with his day-to-day routine in his New York penthouse. He decides to hire Dell, a struggling parolee who’s…
Da Sweet Blood of Jesus
Dr. Hess Green becomes cursed by a mysterious ancient African artifact and is overwhelmed with a newfound thirst for blood. Soon after his transformation he enters into a dangerous romance…
Genre: Comedy, Drama, Romance, Thriller
Eager contestants don big heads and furry suits to vie for the title of World’s Best Mascot.
Almost Adults
A film about growing apart when growing up. Two best friends relationship strains when one deals with her newfound sexuality and the other with breaking up with her long term…
After he’s grounded by an injury, a high-flying bachelor is saddled with two wide-eyed orphans as they come face-to-face with the dangers and beauty of the outside world.
Country: China, USA
20 years after the dimwits set out on their first adventure, they head out in search of one of their long lost children in the hope of gaining a new…
The Driftless Area
Pierre Hunter, a bartender with unyielding optimism, returns to his tiny hometown after his parents’ death. When he falls for the enigmatic Stella, Pierre is unknowingly pulled into a cat-and-mouse…
Genre: Comedy, Drama, Mystery, Romance
Best friends Toni and Paul decide to relinquish all of their belongings for 100 days, whereby they receive one of their items back on each day. During this challenge the…
Threatened daily by the deadly residents and harsh environment of Australia’s Outback, a lonesome bilby finds himself an unwitting protector, and unexpected friend, to a helpless (and quite adorable) baby…
Doug Glatt, a slacker who discovers he has a talent for brawling is approached by a minor league hockey coach and invited to join the team as the “muscle.” Despite…
Sharon 1.2.3.
Jonah is a true nerd turned successful businessman who is living the dream with two gorgeous women named Sharon. But the dream gets too real when he meets the third…
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Episode 1 - Some Children Left Behind Episode 2 - Summer School Episode 3 - Full Hearts, Clear Backpacks Episode 4 - The Wagon Episode 5 - Everybody Hates Gabe Episode 6 - Bullying Episode 7 - Talent Show Episode 8 - Teachers' Strike Episode 9 - Oh Boy, Danny Episode 10 - Academic Decathlon
You are watching the tv series Mr. Iglesias
Actors: Cree Cicchino, Gabriel Iglesias, Gloria Aung, Maggie Geha, Tucker Albrizzi
Studio: Netflix
Networks: Netflix
After landing from a turbulent but routine flight, the crew and passengers of Montego Air Flight 828 discover five years have passed in what seemed like a few hours. As…
Firefly is set in the year 2517, after the arrival of humans in a new star system and follows the adventures of the renegade crew of Serenity, a “Firefly-class” spaceship….
Genre: Action & Adventure, Drama, Sci-Fi & Fantasy
Anthology series of famous feuds with the first season based on the legendary rivalry between Bette Davis and Joan Crawford which began early on their careers, climaxed on the set…
Tom Clancy’s Jack Ryan
When CIA analyst Jack Ryan stumbles upon a suspicious series of bank transfers his search for answers pulls him from the safety of his desk job and catapults him into…
Genre: Action & Adventure, Drama, War & Politics
Saitama is a hero who only became a hero for fun. After three years of “special” training, though, he’s become so strong that he’s practically invincible. In fact, he’s too…
Genre: Action & Adventure, Animation, Comedy
A sexy, suspense-driven legal thriller about a group of ambitious law students and their brilliant, mysterious criminal defense professor. They become entangled in a murder plot and will shake the…
Genre: Crime, Drama, Mystery
Set after the fall of the Empire and before the emergence of the First Order, we follow the travails of a lone gunfighter in the outer reaches of the galaxy…
Monty Python’s Flying Circus
Monty Python’s Flying Circus is a British sketch comedy series created by the comedy group Monty Python and broadcast by the BBC from 1969 to 1974. The shows were composed…
How I Met Your Mother is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005, to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby,…
The stranger-than-fiction account of a prison break in upstate New York in the summer of 2015, which spawned a massive manhunt for two convicted murderers who were aided in their…
Watch Mr. Iglesias - 2017
Free movie Mr. Iglesias - 2017 with English Subtitles
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Trailer: Mr. Iglesias
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Written by Fly and Sea Dive Adventures
You will see a growing selection of dive destinations, resorts and liveaboards on our website and if you don’t see what you are looking for, please contact us. We will provide you with personal service to help you experience the best scuba diving in the world.
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Antarctica Antarctica has some of the last unspoiled regions of the world. The Antarctic Peninsula consists of an 800 kilometres (500 mile) long mountain
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Bahamas Home to far more than tropical drinks and beach umbrellas, the Bahamas comprise a grouping of more than 700 Caribbean Islands located
Belize Best known for its near-equatorial climate, vast expanses of lush tropical rainforest and hidden Mayan temples, scuba diving in Belize is also
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British Columbia Located on Canada’s beautiful west coast, set amongst temperate rain forests, and vast, majestic mountains and scenery, you’ll find BC’s Pacific Ocean,
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Costa Rica An eco-tourism haven, Costa Rica has much to offer for the adventurous traveler: From volcanoes to jungles, river rafting and hiking. Diving
Cozumel As one of the best scuba diving destinations in the world for all experience levels, every dive in Cozumel has the potential
Cuba If you are looking for a destination chock full of culture, white sugar sand beaches, and pristine diving, Cuba should be near
Curacao Imagine an island where hidden coves reveal an emerald-blue sea. Where you can immerse yourself in mysterious and colorful underwater worlds at
Dominica Situated in the Southern Caribbean between the islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe, Dominica is truly one of the hidden treasures of the
Dominican Republic While there are a few dive options on the South-Eastern side of the island, the Dominican Republic is well known for an
Fiji The Fijian archipelago consists of 300 islands spread over 1.3 million square kilometers of the South Pacific Ocean, which makes Scuba Diving
French Polynesia You’d be hard-pressed to find a more stunning tropical backdrop for your next diving vacation than the emerald-green peaks, towering waterfalls, and
Galapagos In the remote swells of the Pacific Ocean, some one thousand kilometers (six hundred miles) off the Ecuadorian coast of South America,
Grenada As the largest of a cluster of lush, volcanic islands in the southeastern corner of the Caribbean Sea, Grenada, along with sister
Hawaii Whatever your idea of paradise may be, Hawaii has it all and more. Warm tropical sunshine, white sandy beaches, and crystal clear
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Iceland Home to formidable glaciers and more than 30,000 live volcanoes, Iceland truly is the land of ice and fire. One of the
Indonesia Whether you’re looking for big pelagics or the chance to photograph rare and unusual marine life, a scuba diving vacation in Indonesia
Malaysia Only slightly larger than New Mexico and covered in exotic wood forests of teak, ebony, and sandalwood, the exotic, tropical lands of
Maldives The Maldives Islands lie Southwest of India - like a string of pearls scattered across the Equator over the deep blue Indian
Malpelo Island Malpelo Island is located 235 miles (378 Kilometers) from the Pacific coast of Colombia in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. In 2006 this
Mexico At one fifth the size of the United States, and boasting a population of 122 million, Mexico is an enormous country with
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Mozambique ............the land of smiles. Situated on Africa's East Coast, the Republic of Mozambique has some of the best kept diving secrets in
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Norway The country of Fjords, Northern Lights and stunning beauty. This is not your usual dive destination. Check with us for specific Winter
Palau The Republic of Palau is a little slice of tropical heaven, roughly located between Indonesia and the Philippines in the western Pacific
Papua New Guinea Lying just south of the equator, 160km north of Australia, Papua New Guinea is part of a great arc of mountains stretching
Philippines The Philippines, a former Spanish colony, is an archipelago of 7107 islands, located south of China and just north of Malaysia and
Red Sea, Egypt Egypt - Red Sea Quick Facts "Egypt and The Red Sea should be on every diver's list. With such a rich
Saba The island of Saba rises majestically from her clear azure waters, stretching her summit to caress the clouds... She is like no
Solomon Islands The Solomon Islands are the hidden gem of the South Pacific stretching approximately 900 miles southeast into the South West Pacific Ocean
St Eustatius Saint Eustatius, also known affectionately to the locals as Statia, lies in the northern Leeward Islands portion of the West Indies, southeast
St. Croix As the largest of the U.S. Virgin Islands, St. Croix lies southeast of Puerto Rico in prime scuba diving waters of the
St. Lucia Where else can you wake up to a symphony of birds and drive through a volcano? St. Lucia sets itself apart from
Thailand Thailand is located in the heart of South East Asia midway between India and China. Thailand Scuba Diving is popular, as the
Turks & Caicos The Turks & Caicos Islands are a British Oversees Territory, part of the British West Indies and lie in the Atlantic Ocean
Vanuatu Situated between the Solomon Islands and New Zealand, Vanuatu lies in the midst of some of the world's best diving. Comprised of
Vietnam Lying on the eastern part of the Indochinese peninsula, Vietnam is a strip of land shaped like the letter “S”. China borders
St Eustatius
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Click HERE to purchase this album.
Man, I really dropped the ball on the order of this Tech N9ne Marathon. I really wish that I started from the beginning of his discography, but I guess there’s no use crying about spilled milk. It is what it is. This album came out on November 20th this year. When I found out about this album, I was excited at first, but that excitement was quickly followed up by anxiety, fear, and severe depression. This album literally took him only six months to create. I’m a quality over quantity kinda guy, and for the most part that really hasn’t been a problem for Tech. He has a fuck load of albums, and from what I’ve heard they’re pretty solid for the most part. He does occasionally fuck up tho, and when he does, it’s almost always on one of his “Collabos” albums. The original Strangeulation is actually one of my favorite Tech N9ne albums, which is why I was initially excited for this shit. Everything about this shit leads me to believe that it’s rushed like a motherfucker tho. I even saw some Tech N9ne stans, or “Technicians,” talking about how it’s a disappointing album, and you know how stans are. I’m gonna try to be open minded tho. I do tend to have very different musical tastes than a lot of Tech N9ne fans anyway. I’m sorry, but I’m not gonna call them Technicians. I just feel like a fucking dumbass saying that shit. I am excited for the cyphers tho. The cyphers are without a doubt the best thing about these Strangeulation albums. I hope every Collabos project from now on is a Strangeulation. Unless this one turns out to be fucking dogshit. Every song is produced by Seven.
Track 1: Strangeulation, Vol. II Cypher I
Apparently all the beats from the cyphers on this album are from older songs. This one is from an old Godemis song called Wavy. It was on Ces Cru’s 2013 album, Constant Energy Struggles. I don’t know whether or not I like this change. I liked how all of the cyphers were on one new beat on the original Strangeulation. They all felt connected. They felt like one big cypher that was just split up into multiple tracks. At the same time tho, it’s kinda cool that they’re basically remixing a bunch of their older songs. I just would’ve preferred the other way. This isn’t a completely shitty mistake tho. There are benefits. I wasn’t planning on listening to that Ces Cru album, but I’d kinda like to hear the original song in which this beat was used before I listen to this newer version. Okay, I just listened to it. It was kinda boring. Not a really bad song tho. This beat is really nothing special. Godemis did his thing tho. Alright, I’m finna listen to Tech’s version now. Haha. The way he said “Smokin’ WEED!” at the beginning sounded kinda stupid. Oh my fuckin’ god. That first fuckin’ line was crazy. Was that one bar or four bars? He said “Ain’t nobody busting like the nigga with a gun up in the middle of the west / I be the killa with a Tec, and I’m a villain with a vest / I gotta fill ’em with effects, then I get it out the way.” all in like one bar. He did not take one breath between all of that shit. That was the craziest possible way he could’ve started this shit. “I frown scarier when the clown buries a nigga down to the ground, but the crown carrier get the hound out the mound, and they’re bound / Marry ’em all together is how we breaking the sound barrier.” His flow is fuckin’ crazy on this shit. This is so much more exciting than the original song. “Pure art / I’m the shit and nigga, you’re farts.” Wow. That is… I don’t even know what the fuck to say about that shit. I always hate it when rappers say the word “fart.” It never sounds right. They can talk about shit or piss or even skeet, but as soon as they mention fart it’s just awkward. Oh God. Of course he ended that shit with the weird ass Strange Music chants at the end. I love Tech N9ne, but that shit is just weird to me. If y’all don’t know what I’m talkin’ about, Tech does this weird ass shit where he makes his fans chant at his shows. I’m not gonna try to type out how you say it because I don’t even know how the fuck I’m supposed to do that. It’s just weird. That’s all you need to know. Well, you can hear it at the end of the music video up there. It’s a pretty bad music video by the way. It’s just a generic Hip Hop music video of him recording the song in the studio. I like the song, but I’m not blown away. I think I’ve gotten used to Tech’s crazy flow. It doesn’t really blow me away like it used to. It’s still probably the best flow of any of the rappers I’ve heard tho. This isn’t one of my favorite verses from him tho. He still did a really good job. I’m just not blown away. I’m not really in love with this beat either. It kinda reminds me of the beat from Diary Of A Madman by The Gravediggaz. It’s not terrible, but it doesn’t really do anything for me. It’s average. I fuck with the song tho. It’s dope. 4/5
Track 2: PBSA Feat. Ces Cru
Alright. I haven’t worked on this review in over a week, so I should probably get this shit done… Eh… I don’t know about this beat. There are things I don’t like about it and things that… Well… There’s 1 thing that I do like. Let’s get the negatives out of the way real quick. I’m really not a fan of House music or EDM. This isn’t completely EDM, but it sounds like it has an EDM influence. Those synths that keep going up and down are annoying as hell to me. The only thing I really like about the beat is the percussion. The drums sound great. Tech’s goin’ in right now. I gotta start this shit over. I was focusing on the production at first. Huh. I’m not really sure what the fuck this song’s supposed to be about. It’s just threats. He sounds like he’s just threatening to kill me. He’s not talking about shooting me tho. I don’t know… This sounds like a promotional song for Mortal Kombat. That’s not necessarily a bad thing, but that’s not really the type of shit that I wanna hear personally. I guess he means he can rap really well and kill other MCs. I don’t know. It’s not bad. His flow was dope. I’m not amazed tho. Oh my fuck. This hook is horrible. This hook is so fucking bad. I shit on a lot of hooks, but this shit is absolutely terrible. Tech is singing “Play ball / Slay all,” and it sounds fucking horrible. I guess that’s what PBSA stands for. I’m gonna be completely honest; I think I’m getting a little sick of Tech N9ne. I still love the songs that I originally liked by him tho. I don’t know. Don’t worry; I’m still gonna finish the marathon. I’m just not really as enthusiastic about it as I was at the beginning. This shit is harder than you would think. The beat is alright. The first verse was cool. The hook is dog shit. Ubiquitous is on the next verse. He had a pretty good verse. This hook tho… It’s so bad. What the fuck was he thinking? Godemis spit a quick bridge right before Ubi’s verse, and now he’s about to go in for the 3rd verse. “K-I-M, and I kill shit / You could say that I slay turds.” That’s probably the worst possible way he could’ve started his verse. He’s off to a rough start. Eh. The rest of it isn’t as bad, but it’s not really anything special. I’m honestly not really feelin’ this shit. The beat wasn’t that good. The verses were cool, but nothing special. The hook was absolutely terrible. The music video was actually kinda entertaining. The blatant racism was a bit surprising tho. Not sure what that was about… This is wack to me. Not fuckin’ with this one. 2/5
Track 3: Push Start Feat. Big Scoob
This hook from Big Scoob is kinda boring. It’s not bad. It’s just not very exciting. The same goes for the beat. It’s just there. Scoob’s on the first verse. I don’t know. He’s not bad, but some of his bars are just kinda lame to me. “Reverse the letters of OG, think about it (I go big).” “Look in my eyes, I’m dangerous / They mock me and copy, they Yankovic.” I normally wouldn’t have minded that last bar as much, but the way the beat cut off and his voice was pitch shifted made it seem like he thought he was saying some really incredible shit. It wasn’t that great tho. At this point, I’m really… How should I say this? …I’m really bein’ a bitch. I mean, I’m nitpicking. The shit I’m sayin’ really isn’t that big of a deal. This hook gets really annoying after a while. He says “WE PUSH START WITH NO KEY.” like a thousand times. Tech’s goin’ in now. Damn. He’s actually kinda spittin’. This verse is dope. His flow is really great on this one. Damn. Tech killed it, but that’s honestly the only thing I like about this song. The beat was boring, Scoob’s verse didn’t impress me, and the hook was annoying as fuck. Tech really killed that shit. He saved this shit from being wack. It wasn’t enough to make this shit dope tho. It’s definitely not wack. Not to me at least. It’s alright I guess. 3/5
Track 4: Slow To Me Feat. Krizz Kaliko & Rittz
It’s actually kinda surprising that I’m this far into the album without hearing Krizz Kaliko’s voice. That was honestly a good thing tho. I really don’t like Krizz Kaliko as a singer. He’s tolerable as a rapper tho. Hopefully that’s all he does on this track. Rittz is dope af. I forgot he was signed to Strange for a minute. I guess he hasn’t really done a lot with them yet. Since I’m goin’ backwards, I’ve heard everything that he’s contributed to Tech’s albums. It’s nice to see him here again. It’s refreshing. I’m so tired of Krizz Kaliko tho. Whatever. Lemme just get this over with. They’re obviously gonna be shitting on rappers with more reserved flows. Okay, it’s starting now. Damn. This beat is actually kinda hard. It’s different. It actually kinda reminds me of a Death Grips beat. Kinda like a revised version of the beat from Guillotine. It’s not as good as the beat from Guillotine, but it’s still great. I fuck with the beat. Tech’s goin’ in. His verse was dope af. He was just braggin’ about his flow. It was pretty dope. This isn’t the best his flow has ever been or anything. It was dope tho. He did a great job. His flow is actually better on the hook than it was on his verse. I fuck with the hook. This is really nitpicking again, but I would’ve preferred if he just recited the hook once instead of twice. That’s just me tho. Most people probably won’t give a fuck. Alright Krizz is goin’ in. Jesus. He’s such a weirdo. I know this shit is all about bein’ “Strange” and everything, but some times they go a little too far for me. Krizz’s delivery makes him sound like a cheesy super villain. Eh. I don’t know. I wasn’t really impressed by his verse. This hook is… I don’t know man. The hook was cool at first, but I feel like it just slows things down. It’s not interesting enough to be a hook. I’d rather just have it be part of his verse so that I wouldn’t have to hear him repeat it over and over again. Krizz’s verse wasn’t that bad, but I’d probably cut that shit out with GarageBand along with the hook. His flow wasn’t nearly as impressive as Tech’s. That’s nothing new tho. Okay, Rittz is up next. This is great so far. Lmao. He’s roastin’ these mainstream “MCs” hard. During this line, “These rappers these days be like, ‘If I could rap like this I might get radio play,’” his voice accumulates more and more autotune, and it actually sounds like some of the shit you hear on the radio these days. He sounded just like Future to be honest. This reminds me of that No Words skit from Hopsin’s latest project. This was a pretty good way to incorporate that idea into a full song. “But just ‘cause you sound like you quacking with autotune that shit don’t make it okay.” Damn. I’m not really a fan of the way he ended that verse. I really don’t like the electric guitar. A random ass electric guitar came outta nowhere and started playing in the background. Rittz was kinda singin’ his bars to the melody of the electric guitars, and I was not feelin’ that shit at all. Wow. That’s disappointing. This shit started out pretty good, but it just fell apart. I liked the beat until them electric guitars came in. Tech did his thing. It wasn’t his best verse, but he still did a good job. I wasn’t really feelin’ Krizz Kaliko’s verse. It wasn’t that bad tho. Just not for me. Rittz’s verse started out really good, but it went downhill pretty quickly. It’s not even the bars or even his flow. Just the delivery that came with the guitars. I wasn’t feelin’ that shit. The hook was cool the first time, but it got old real quick. There’s really no need to shit on rappers with slower flows either. You don’t have to be fast to have a dope flow. If everyone spit as quickly as Tech it would just get boring. I really wanted to like this song, but I just can’t do it. It’s not bad, but I personally won’t be playin’ this shit again. It’s mediocre to me. 3/5
Track 5: Strangeulation, Vol. II Cypher II (Performed by Stevie Stone) Feat. Ces Cru
Damn. Lotta Ces Cru so far. That’s not really a bad thing I guess. I’m lookin’ forward to Stevie Stone’s verse. He released an album this year called Malta Bend. I was planning on reviewing that shit, but the terrible singles scared me away. There’s no way I would willingly listen to that album after hearing the sonic shit show that is Fall In Love With It. Stevie Stone seems to be pretty bad at making actual songs. This is just a cypher tho, so there’s not a lot of room for error. All he needs to do is rap. I don’t think he’s a wack MC, so he should be fine for this one. This beat is apparently from a Tech N9ne song called Come Gangsta. It appeared on his 2006 album Everready (The Religion). I unfortunately haven’t gotten to that album yet. It should be cool to get a sample of that album’s production on this track tho. Alright, I’m gonna start the song now. Tech’s on the intro talking about how he chose these “classic” beats for his artists to rhyme over. Alright, Stevie’s goin’ in now. This production already sounds a lot more polished than anything else on this album so far. Stevie’s singin’ the first part of his verse. You would think that it would be awful since he has that crazy ass grimy ass deep ass voice, but it actually sounds pretty damn good. Fuck. I accidentally started the song over. Alright the first verse is starting again. Yeah, Stevie Stone actually sounds pretty good when he’s singing. Alright now he’s rapping. The way he started this verse was great. His voice sounds so fuckin’ dope over this beat too. Damn. He killed that shit. The shit he was saying wasn’t even that crazy, but it’s just the way he said it. He sounded fuckin’ angry. He sounded like a fuckin’ monster on that shit. That was crazy. Ubi’s goin’ in now. He did his thing. I actually liked Stevie’s verse better. Ubiquitous still did his thing tho. Godemis is goin’ in now. He actually had a really dope verse too. It was better than Ubiquitous’ verse, but I still liked Stevie’s the best. This is surprisingly my favorite song off the album so far. The beat was dope af, and all three of the MCs had dope verses. Godemis’ flow was really fuckin’ dope. That’s a perfect example of how you don’t have to spit super fast just to have a dope flow. This shit is dope af. I fuck with this shit. 5/5
Track 6: MMM
Oh God. I don’t have a good feeling about this shit… Any song that reminds me of Puff Daddy’s latest mixtape is gonna give me a bad vibe. Apparently MMM stands for “Michael Myers Mask” in this case. What the fuck? Am I about to listen to a song about a fictional villain from a horror movie? Fuck. This is one of my biggest problems with Tech N9ne. He makes a lot of songs about irrelevant shit. Why the fuck would I wanna hear a song about this shit? I guess I shouldn’t judge the song by it’s title, but goddamn. Alright, lemme quit bitchin’ and listen to the song. It’s starting now. Okay this beat is dope af. What the fuck… It seriously sounds like I’m listening to a weird ass promotional song that might play in the background of a Halloween trailer. Why the fuck would I want to hear this shit? I can’t believe this song actually exists. This is just absurd. It’s not a bad song sonically. I like the beat and Tech’s flow sounds great, but the actual content is just… random as fuck. I’m not feelin’ the hook… Who didn’t see that comin’ tho? I’m really torn on this one. Sonically it’s pretty dope, but as I said before the content is just stupid as fuck. Who is this for? Who wanted a song about this? His flow is crazy. The beat’s dope too. That’s pretty much it tho. I’m not really feelin’ this one. This is wack to me. 2/5
Track 7: Intruder (Skit)
This is just a skit where somebody tries to break into Tech’s house. It’s setting up the next song. I think the acting was kinda shitty, but it honestly kept me interested. I just shitted all over that MMM track, but that’s because he kept breaking the fourth wall by making a random allusion to an old horror movie. If he just describes a scenario like this without making it too corny or weird than it should be decent. The next track has potential. Hopefully he doesn’t fuck it up.
Track 8: Tell Me If I’m Trippin’ Feat. Brotha Lynch Hung, Prozak & Tyler Lyon
Tech N9ne starts going in as soon as the track starts. That Intruder skit was technically a part of the song. The tracks sound choppy and incohesive when they’re put together like this. He could’ve just put that Intruder skit as the intro to this song. It may have pissed off some impatient listeners, but I feel like it would be more convenient for repeat listens since nobody will ever choose to listen to that skit more than once. I’m really nitpicking here tho. This beat is pretty bad to be honest. It’s supposed to be dark and experimental I think. It doesn’t sound very good tho. It’s just noisy. He’s attempting to make a horrorcore song. He’s talking about how people are tryna break into his house. I guess he did a good job with the first verse. This beat is really bad. Oh no. This hook is awful. I’m not really into Rock music, so I don’t know if this is good by normal Rock music standards, but he sounds fuckin’ terrible to me. It’s not my type of music tho. Alright, Brotha Lynch Hung is goin’ in now. I don’t know. His verse wasn’t bad I guess. It just wasn’t very interesting. It was boring to me. You know, the skit was entertaining and it kept me interested despite the lackluster acting, but this shit isn’t interesting to me at all. I do not care about the shit these guys are sayin’. Prozak’s goin’ in now. I’m not much of a Prozak fan. Wow. Is this motherfucker really rappin’ about fuckin’ Ouija boards? That little skit between the hook and his verse was corny as hell too. What the fuck is this acting? Why the fuck would you put this in the middle of your song? “Tryna summon spirits asking ‘Ouija, can you hear us?’ never thinking what was in store / Then the dogs started barking, in the darkness, all of a sudden it was knocking at the front door.” This is unbearably corny. He’s trying so hard to sound dark, but this is just really fuckin’ corny. I can’t think of any other way to describe it. It’s so lame that it’s hard to take seriously. You can say that about all of the verses, but Prozak’s is the worst. This shit is honestly really fucking horrible to me. There isn’t a single thing that I like about this song. The beat is wack, the hook is fuckin’ God awful, and the verses are corny as fuck and uninteresting. This is honestly dog shit to me. Not feelin’ this bullshit at all. 0/5
Track 9: We Just Wanna Party Feat. Rittz & Darrein Safron
Tech N9ne songs usually don’t turn out well when they have a topic like this, so I’m gonna be cautious with this one. I’m not sure who this Darrein Safron guy is. Apparently this was a song that didn’t make it to Special Effects. He was supposed to get features from ScHoolboy Q & The Weeknd on it, but they “didn’t have time.” That kinda sucks. Oh wait a minute… I know who Darrein Safron is! He’s that guy that sang the fucking atrocious hook on Fall In Love With It by Stevie Stone! NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO! Alright fuck it. Lemme just get through this shit as quickly as possible. Fuck. Oh wow. Darrein Safron signed to Strange Music. Hahahaha. Wow. That’s awful. Well, good for him. I may think he’s terrible, but at least he’s happy. Maybe he’s actually a really nice person. I don’t know. Alright the song is starting now. This beat is actually pretty dope. I fuck with it. I’m actually not really feelin’ his flow on this one. I don’t know. That first verse wasn’t that good to me. Wow. You can definitely tell that this hook was meant for the Weeknd. Darrein Safron actually doesn’t sound that bad here. He definitely sounds like he’s trying to impersonate The Weeknd. Wow. This is actually weird. He’s bitin’ The Weeknd really hard. The last thing he says on the hook is literally “the weekend.” He puts so much emphasis on “the weekend” too. Tech must’ve written this thinkin’ that The Weeknd was gonna sing it. It’s really noticeable. I feel like I would know something wasn’t right even if I didn’t know that The Weeknd was originally supposed to sing that hook. The lyrics on the hook are just god awful by the way. He names every day of the week except Saturday. “Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, through the weekend.” Well, it doesn’t sound that bad. It’s just weird tho. It’s like if Action Bronson was rapping a verse that was meant for Ghostface Killah and was writtin’ by Statik Selektah. It’s just weird. You really can’t deny his singin’ talent, but goddamn. You know what the sad thing is? This actually would’ve been a pretty decent song if he got the intended features to do it. This isn’t very good lyrically, but sonically it’s pretty good. Honestly, Darrein sang his motherfucking ass off, but the lyrics and that info about The Weeknd kinda fucked it up for me. That probably won’t happen for most people, but it’s just hard to look past for me. Is it look passed or look past? Somebody help me with that… Anyway, Rittz is goin’ in now. I guess his flow is dope. I don’t know. This topic is just not that good. I know if he was rapping about something else I would like it, but… I don’t know. It was alright I guess. I really want to like this song. You know what the weird thing is? The hook is probably the best thing about this song, but at the same time it kinda ruins it for me. But I like it. I’ve never been this torn on a song before in my life. I guess it’s alright. I feel like if somebody told me that that was The Weeknd singing the hook, I would believe him/her and enjoy it much more. It’s just kinda weird knowing that it’s not him. It feels like Darrein is trying to be the Weeknd. He did a really good job, but I don’t know. It’s just not gonna happen. I don’t know how to explain it. I’m just gonna have to stop myself from sayin’ the same shit over and over again here. It’s a good song, but I personally couldn’t fuck with it. Lemme check this video out. Geez. You would think that they would be able to afford some more attractive vixens. It’s like any other Hip Hop video, except the girls aren’t as sexy. The video wasn’t very good, but the song wasn’t bad. It’s alright. 3/5
Track 10: Strangeulation, Vol. II Cypher III (Performed by JL) Feat. Big Scoob
Oh. I guess JL finally got signed to Strange. I’m not really sure what the hell took so long. This should be dope tho. This is apparently over a Kutt Calhoun song called Whip It. It was on the second disc of Tech’s fifth studio album, Everready (The Religion). I guess the second disc is just a Strange Music compilation or something. It’s kinda weird that they chose a Kutt Calhoun song even tho he isn’t even signed to Strange anymore. It was technically on Tech’s album tho, so I guess it’s alright. Not that it wouldn’t be alright otherwise. Just kinda weird. I’m gonna listen to the original song before I hear this new cypher. Damn. I can’t find it. Apple Music doesn’t have the second fucking disc. Oh snap, maybe (The Religion) is the second disc. You know what? Fuck it. I’m not gonna listen to Whip It. I’m not even really even into Kutt Calhoun like that anyway. I’m gonna play this new version now. This beat is actually kinda hard. It kinda sounds like a mid 2000s Southern club hit. Scoob’s on the first verse. It was cool I guess. He definitely wasn’t bad. I think it was a pretty good way to open up the track. He had a real short verse. JL is clearly the main event on this song. JL fuckin’ snapped. His flow was almost on par with Tech N9ne. He really went in on that verse. That shit was dope af. I definitely fuck with this shit. 5/5
Track 11: Fired Feat. Stevie Stone & Darrein Safron
Oh God. I’m so tired of these corny horror movie inspired songs from Tech N9ne. This sounds like it’s gonna be another Psycho Bitch song, except he can’t call it Psycho Bitch IV because he already told us that Psycho Bitch III was the last Psycho Bitch. At least I think he did. I feel like I’ve heard this song. Tech always does this shit. There’s always a Horrorcore beat playing, and then you hear a bunch of phone messages from angry chicks that Tech hit and quit. Darrein’s on the hook. It’s alright I guess. This beat doesn’t really fit his style at all. He’s definitely a fuck of a lot better than fuckin’ Krizz Kaliko tho. If this means that we’re gonna get Darrein Safron singing all of Tech’s hooks instead of Krizz Kaliko, then this is a dream come true. It’s really starting to look that way too because I’m half way through the album and I haven’t heard any singing from Krizz. Thank God. I’m not really feelin’ the beat. Tech is telling me how he had sex with a chick named Caitlyn. He took the time clarify that it was definitely “not Bruce Jenner, dude.” Of course Tech’s talking about fucking her with absolutely no subtleness. Ya know, I always thought that it was called subtlty, but apparently that’s not a word. It’s subtleness. Anyway, he’s basically being as vulgar and disgusting as he possibly can, which is what he always does when he’s talking about sex. It’s awful. I hate this kinda shit. Why the fuck does he always do this? Stevie Stone’s verse wasn’t nearly as bad as Tech’s, but I’m just not really feelin’ this shit. Darrein was the best part of this song to me. I’m just really tired of this concept tho. Tech keeps doing it over and over again and it never works for me. It’s just bad. I’m not feelin’ this shit. This is wack to me. 2/5
Track 12: Real With Yourself (Performed by Darrein Safron) Feat. Tech N9ne
I guess this is gonna be a Darrein Safron song. Ya know, I really didn’t like him when I first heard him, but he’s really growing on me. It definitely felt like he was trying to be a Weeknd clone at first, but I still think he has a lot of talent. Okay, the song is starting now. I was not expecting a beat like this. It sounds like more Horrorcore shit. Oh nevermind. The guitar makes it sound less weird when he starts singing. To be honest, I feel like I’m listening to Justin Bieber right now. Hahaha. Wow. This is probably the bitchest thing I have heard since Marvin’s Room. It’s basically the same song except less slow. “He don’t love you like I do / He don’t keep it real with you / Fuck him.” Wow. Lyrically, this is fucking pathetic. This is a bit too Drake for me. That’s kind of a problem. Every time I hear Darrein Safron I think of other artists. When I hear We Just Wanna Party, I’d rather just listen to The Weeknd. When I hear this song, I’d rather hear nothing because he sounds like Justin Bieber and Drake. “Bet you he don’t do it like I do / Catch him outside riding, I’ll shoot ‘pop, pop, pop.'” Wow. If that isn’t the most unbelievable, bullshit, fake threat I’ve ever heard, I don’t know what the fuck is. Why is he trying to play the tough guy? You can’t have pictures like this…
…and then act like your some kinda gangsta. He looks like one of the rich white douchebags from my school that tries to act like a stereotypical black guy and always says shit like “on fleek” or “hey, what’s up, fam.” This hook is fucking horrible. “Keep it real, girl, he don’t deserve you / He not in love with you / Girl, I’m in love with you.” Darrein Safron oughtta be ashamed of hisself. This is fucking pathetic. The way he sings “He don’t love you like I do” at the end of his second verse is just sad. Is this a real emotion that guys feel? I mean, I get that they feel jealous and shit, but why the fuck would you say some shit like that? That’s just pathetic. Quit actin’ like you actually care about this girl and suck it the fuck up. Goddamn. Fuckin’ simps, man. Quit cryin’ like a little bitch and move on. That’s what you do when you get dumped. I don’t believe what I’m hearing right now. Was this motherfucker trying to sound like a bitch? Goddamn. He even got Tech to play the role of his Ex’s new guy. “Ho chose me, and I think it’s funny you think she your trophy.” Tech is making him look like even more of a bitch. This is just depressing. Oh no. OH NO. He’s rapping. Darrein Safron is rapping on the third verse. “Maserati swerve, swerve, swerve on your curves / What’s the word, word, word?” Oh my fucking shit. This is what it would sound like if one of them white ass kids from my school tried to rap. This is fucking horrible. No. This is dog shit. This is some of the worst shit I ever heard. This is awful. Easily the worst song on the album so far. The beat didn’t stand out at all, the lyrics are just sad, and Darrein just sounds like a whiny bitch. Tech made him sound even more like a bitch too. I don’t know why he would let Tech do that to him. This shit is fucking disgusting to me. I can’t take this bullshit. 0/5
Track 13: Chilly Rub Feat. Stevie Stone & Godemis
Oh my God. This intro is hilariously awkward. I gotta quote this shit. It’s so fucking bad. Hahahahahahaha. It’s so funny tho. Okay, the girl is in parentheses. “Take off your shirt and your bra. (Okay) Lay on the bed on your stomach. (Mhhmm, okay) Okay, I’m gonna straddle you now, okay? (Alright) I’m gonna place my palms up. Then I’m gonna place the tips of my fingernails at the top of your left and right shoulders, and I’m gonna swirl down your back (Mmmmmm).” Oh my God. I’m so uncomfortable right now. HAHAHAHAHAHA. This is so fucking awkward. I hope this isn’t what he’s really like when he’s having sex. What the fuck is this shit? LMAO. That was so bad. This is really bad. Alright, the actual song is starting now. What the fuck is a chilly rub? I gotta look this shit up on Urban Dictionary. I can’t find it. Is this a fucking sex position that Tech invented? Are you fucking shitting me? Is this some kind of joke? Shit like this makes me wonder why I’m a Tech N9ne fan. This is just embarrassing, man. I can’t take this shit. “Ima do it to it / ‘Til you got to release that fluid; spew it.” What the fuck am I listening to? “You really like her and want to ding her? Well, palms up down her back with the tip of your fingernails.” The TIP OF MY FINGERNAILS? WHAT? HAHAHAHAHA. What the fuck is this shit? These directions are confusing. What’s supposed to be going down her back? Is he just scratching her back? What the fuck? What the fuck is this man talking about? Oh my God. Tech’s singing the hook. This is fucking… I don’t even know. I don’t know what to say. I’m speechless. I’ve heard a lot of shitty music since I started this website, but… Fuck. Tech N9ne is one of my favorite MCs, but this is probably in the running for the worst song I’ve ever reviewed. I’m serious. This song is a fucking joke. Stevie Stone’s verse just ended. It wasn’t good. It wasn’t as bad as Tech’s, but it wasn’t good. Godemis’ verse wasn’t as bad either. It’s too late for this song tho. Tech… What the fuck are you doing, man? Seriously, what is this shit? Just imagine a Tech N9ne stan trying to do the “chilly rub” on his girl friend one night. She’d be like “Ummm. Bradley, what the hell do you think you’re doing?” I don’t know why his name is Bradley. That’s just the first name I thought of when I thought about Tech N9ne stans. This song is a fucking joke. This is absolutely horrible. 0/5
Track 14: Strangeulation, Vol. II Cypher IV (Performed by Krizz Kaliko) Feat. Rittz & Prozak
Wow. This is only the second Krizz Kaliko feature. That’s dope. This beat is from Midwest Choppers by Tech N9ne. I haven’t heard any of the Midwest Choppers yet. It looks like the first one was on Misery Loves Kompany. I’ve heard bad things about that album. I’ve heard good things about the song tho. I’m gonna start it now. Okay, that static noise that plays as soon as the track starts is annoying as fuck. The beat is dope af tho. This is Krizz Kaliko’s second time rapping over it. He killed it. The shit he was actually saying wasn’t that impressive, but his flow and delivery were pretty dope. I liked his verse. Rittz is goin’ in now. Yup. He killed it. I like his verse more than Krizz’s, but Krizz still did a really good job. Prozak’s goin’ in now. I don’t think I’ve ever really heard him try to spit quickly like this. He’s doin’ a pretty good job tho. I don’t know. I wasn’t really feelin’ his verse. The lyrics were just a little too much for me. “I’m coming through your speakers like demonic possession, and hell’s bells / Don’t be afraid of mythology / Deep inside my brain is a wicked psychology / Ancient revelation intertwine with technology / Alien biology, you know that I gotta be Strange.” They’re too nerdy for me. I just can’t get behind this guy. He always tries way too hard to sound dark. Not for me. I liked Rittz & Krizz’s verses tho. 3/5
Track 15: Wake & Bake Feat. Krizz Kaliko & ¡MayDay!
Okay, I’m ready for this album to be over. I don’t know whether or not I like this beat. At least it’s different. I’m not really feelin’ Tech’s delivery on this first verse. It’s kind of annoying. I’m not really feelin’ his verse. He uses the same flow, delivery, and rhyme scheme throughout the whole verse, and it gets old real quick. “Got them vape toys.” I never realized how uncool Tech was. OH MY GOD. This fucking hook is just awful. Krizz Kaliko… Why? WHY? This hook is so bad. There’s no way they were high from weed when they made this shit. Somebody must’ve laced one of they blunts with coke because this shit is awful. That was terrible. Bernz is goin’ in now. I didn’t really mind his delivery or flow, but he didn’t switch up his rhyme scheme either. That shit gets old when you’re rhymin’ the same way over and over again. I still liked his verse better than Tech’s tho. This hook is fucking unforgivable. I don’t know what the fuck Krizz Kaliko thought he was doing when he made this bullshit. He sounds like a screeching cat that’s being thrown against the wall over and over again. No. Wrekonize’s verse was not good. He had the same annoying ass delivery as Tech. This is pretty terrible. That hook was atrocious. The beat was interesting, but not really good for a song. The verses were just annoying. Bernz had the best verse. That’s not really saying much tho. This shit is terrible to me. 1/5
Track 16: Message To Murs (Skit)
This was an incredibly unnecessary skit where Tech is like “Yo Murs, I just sent you a song. Record your verse. TECH N9NE!”
Track 17: Blunt & A Ho Feat. Murs & Ubiquitous
This beat is kinda cool I guess. Tech’s flow is pretty dope. His verse was actually pretty dope. The hook is starting now. Not feelin’ the hook. It’s not really that bad, but the lyrics aren’t worth repeating. Murs is goin’ in now. Man. This shit is just stupid. “I got a blunt… and a ho.” He was just talking about how he doesn’t get any pussy, and now he’s talkin’ about havin’ a blunt & a ho? “Closest I been to pussy is fish sticks and tartar sauce.” I kinda like the drums in the beat, but other than that it really isn’t doin’ much for me. Ubiquitous’ verse wasn’t that bad. This just isn’t that good of a song. Nothing about it stands out that much. It’s not really that bad tho. Just not very good. It’s alright. 3/5
Track 18: Strangeulation, Vol. II Cypher V (Performed by ¡MursDay!)
For those of you who don’t know, ¡MursDay! is just ¡MayDay! & Murs. This is over the He’s A Mental Giant beat. That’s pretty cool. This is the only beat that I’ve actually ever heard on this album. Huh. Something about this song doesn’t sound right. Maybe it’s because Murs doesn’t have that great of a flow. When I hear the He’s A Mental Giant beat, I expect to hear Tech rapping faster than a bitch. Murs is a pretty slow rapper tho. Murs’ verse wasn’t bad. Just not what I want when I hear this beat. It really wasn’t bad tho. Bernz is goin’ in now. He has a pretty slow flow too. It’s a good verse tho. He still did a good job. Wrek easily had the best verse. He still wasn’t rapping that fast, but at certain points he would kinda go in with a quicker flow. It was also really cool how the other members of ¡MayDay! came through at the end and added to the production. That was dope. I like the song. I’d rather just go listen to the original song tho. This is still good. 4/5
Track 19: Actin’ Like You Know (Performed by Mackenzie O’Guin) Feat. Tech N9ne
NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO! NOO! NO! NO! NO! NO! WHY! WHY DOES THIS SONG EXIST? Damn… She actually doesn’t sound that bad. This really isn’t my type of music at all tho. This is like… I don’t even know. It’s just not for me. I feel bad rating this song because it isn’t for me at all. Maybe I’ll just give it a three. If Tech’s verse is really bad I might drop it to a 2. It’s really not that bad of a song tho. It definitely feels out of place on this album. Tech’s verse wasn’t bad either. Maybe I just shouldn’t rate this. Nah. I’ll give it a 3. It’s okay. Just not for me. 3/5
Track 20: Torrid Feat. Tyler Lyon
Oh God. Not Tyler Lyon. I hate this guy. Well, hate is a strong word. I really dislike this guy’s music. He’s singing right at the beginning. The lyrics are pretty corny. What the fuck? It repeats when he’s done, but the effects on it make it sound so stupid. What the fuck? Why is Tech rapping like this? He sounds so overdramatic. Is he trying to sound corny? This guy Tyler Lyon really isn’t that good of a singer. I’m not feelin’ the hook at all. Oh my God. This is so fucking corny. I guess the verse isn’t that bad lyrically, but this just isn’t doin’ it for me at all. This is bad. The beat was kinda cool at first, but it never went anywhere. This hook is awful. This isn’t good. This is really bad. Tyler Lyon is just not that good of a singer. The way Tech was rapping wasn’t very good. His flow was nothing special. The lyrics were corny. The beat had potential, but it never dropped. This shit is bad. I’m not feelin’ it. This is wack af to me. I was just gonna call it wack at first, but I don’t like a single thing about this song. It’s all wack to me. 1/5
Honestly, this is probably the worst Tech N9ne album I’ve ever heard. Everything about this album gives me the impression that he rushed this out as quickly as he could. Tech can still rap, but these aren’t good songs. He even made the cyphers less exciting than the original one. I don’t want to hear remixes of old songs. The songs that weren’t cyphers weren’t good because they either had wack beats, wack hooks, or wack concepts. Real With Yourself? Are you fucking shitting me? Chilly Rub? Get the fuck outta here. I do not want this from Tech N9ne. This is not what I want from Tech N9ne. I just wanna hear bars. I don’t wanna hear him talking about fuckin’ chilly rub. What the fuck is that? Goddamn. This is a collection of wack songs. The cyphers weren’t bad, but they should’ve been better. None of the verses were bad. I just don’t like the way they were done. This is disappointing. I’m not fuckin’ with this album. It’s wack to me.
Favorite Song: Strangeulation, Vol. II Cypher II
Least Favorite Song: Chilly Rub
Tell me if I’m trippin’ in the comments below
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¡MayDay!
¡MursDay!
B. Hood
Darrein Safron
Godemis
Mackenzie O'Guin
Prozak
Rittz
Stevie Stone
Tyler Lyon
Ubiquitous
Wrekonize
Published by OG Nick Marsh
I am not a music expert. My reviews are completely subjective and should not sway anyone’s opinion on any musical project. I don’t grade albums based on how “good” they are objectively. The score they receive depends on how much I enjoy them personally. View all posts by OG Nick Marsh
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Next FHH Update 12-18-2015
Good thing you didn’t review the bonus tracks. There was one song you would have absolutely despised.
the only good thing about this album is the cyphers lol . out of all the tech nine ‘s albums this has to be the worst. in my personal opinion sickology 101 is ten times better than this because it does not feel like 20 random songs put on a cd
ognickmarshtheyungking says:
Yeah im actually looking forward to reviewing sickology 101
sicklology 101 is a party record but it does not sound like he is trying too hard like the gates mixed plates.
leviackermantheking says:
Just for a heads-up, you might REALLY dislike some songs from that album.
Sickology 101, I mean
lol thanks for the warning
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in Legislation and Congress, Privacy and Security
Wyden, Chaffetz Introduce the Geolocation Privacy and Surveillance (GPS) Act
Bipartisan Legislation Provides Needed Legal Clarity for Use of Geolocation Information
Press Release of Senator Wyden, Wednesday, June 15, 2011
Washington, D.C. – New technologies – like cell phones, smart phones, laptops and navigation devices – are making it increasingly easy to track and log the location of individual Americans, yet federal laws have not kept pace with the technology. The lack of legal clarity surrounding the use of electronically-obtained location data, also known as geolocation information, means that there are no clear rules for how this data can be used, accessed or sold by law enforcement, commercial entities or private citizens. As a result, prosecutors are often unsure when judges will allow geolocation information to be admitted as evidence. Telecommunications companies are often unsure when or if they are allowed to share their customer’s geolocation data with law enforcement. Customers are often unsure when or if their providers are sharing their geolocation data with law enforcement or selling it to other private companies. It is even unclear if law enforcement has the tools to arrest a stalker caught using technology to follow another person or obtain that person’s geolocation information.
With this in mind, U.S. Senator Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) and U.S. Representative Jason Chaffetz (R-Utah) teamed up to write the Geolocation Privacy and Surveillance (GPS) Act. The bipartisan legislation creates a legal framework designed to give government agencies, commercial entities and private citizens clear guidelines for when and how geolocation information can be accessed and used. U.S. Representative Bob Goodlatte, Chairman of the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, Competition and the Internet, endorsed the effort as an original co-sponsor.
“GPS technology is unquestionably a great tool, not just for Americans on the go and cellular companies offering services, but for law enforcement professionals looking to track suspects and catch criminals,” Wyden said. “But all tools and tactics require rules and right now, when it comes to geolocation information, the rules aren’t clear. Congressman Chaffetz and I have worked to establish rules that we believe will foster the effective use of geolocation data while protecting the privacy rights of law-abiding American citizens.”
“I think it’s great that GPS and tracking technology exists,” said Chaffetz. “What isn’t great is the idea that this technology can be used to track somebody without their knowledge. It is the job of Congress to protect and defend the United States Constitution and the personal liberties provided to American citizens under the Fourth Amendment. Quite frankly, the government and law enforcement should not be able to track somebody indefinitely without their knowledge or consent, or without obtaining a warrant from a judge.”
Overall the GPS Act:
Provides clarity for government agencies, commercial service providers, and the public regarding the legal procedures and protections that apply to electronic devices that can be used to track the movements of individual Americans. In a recent memo, the Congressional Research Service identified a lack of cohesion throughout criminal court jurisdictions over what standards and procedures must be met in order for information gathered though GPS devices to be used in court. This lack of clarity has led to confusion among law enforcement and prosecutors who waste valuable time and resources litigating and appealing what should be clear cut rules. The GPS Act takes steps to establish clear cut rules.
Requires the government to show probable cause and get a warrant before acquiring the geolocational information of a U.S. person, while setting out clear exceptions such as emergency or national security situations or cases of theft or fraud.
Applies to all law enforcement acquisitions of the geolocational information of individual Americans without their knowledge, including acquisition from commercial service providers as well as from tracking devices covertly installed by the government.
Applies to real-time tracking of a person’s movements, as well as the acquisition of records of past movements. (Real-time tracking = “Where is John Smith right now?” Acquisition of records of past movements =“Where did John Smith go on St. Patrick’s Day?”)
Closely tracks existing wiretapping laws with regard to court procedures for getting a warrant, penalties for acting without a warrant, exclusivity of the authority, authorization without a court order, etc.
Creates criminal penalties for surreptitiously using an electronic device to track a person’s movements that parallel those for wiretapping. (Currently, if a woman’s ex-husband taps her phone, he is breaking the law. This legislation would treat hacking her GPS to track her movements as a similar offense).
Prohibit commercial service providers from sharing customers’ geolocational information with outside entities without customer consent.The GPS Act was introduced today in both the House and Senate. For more information or to read a copy of the legislation visit: http://wyden.senate.gov or http://chaffetz.house.gov
Bill Would Keep Big Brother’s Mitts Off Your GPS Data (wired.com)
Lawmakers Propose Warrant Requirement for GPS Data (wired.com)
Geo-privacy bills curb warrantless tracking (news.cnet.com)
Bipartisan bill would end government’s warrantless GPS tracking (arstechnica.com)
Two Lo-Mo Privacy Bills Introduced In Congress (searchengineland.com)
Mobile Location Privacy a Hot Topic on Capitol Hill (technologizer.com)
Franken’s location privacy bill to close mobile tracking “loopholes” (arstechnica.com)
Digital Privacy Bills Piling Up in Congress (adweek.com)
Tags: Bob Goodlatte, Geoloaction, Geospatial, GIS, Global Positioning System, GPS Act, Jason Chaffetz, Law, Location Privacy, Privacy and Security, Public Policy and Regulation, Ron Wyden, Surveillance, United States, United States House Committee on the Judiciary, Washington DC
Supreme Court To Decide Major GPS Tracking Case « Geospatial Science and Technology Policy - June 28, 2011
Supreme Court Agrees to Hear Geolocation Privacy Case « Geospatial Science and Technology Policy - July 6, 2011
New Law Would Require Warrants for GPS Surveillance « GEODATA POLICY - October 26, 2011
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Marita Bonus: Solar tax credits are not “conservative” or “free market” “free market
I originally wrote this extra piece as an exclusive op-ed for The Advocate. Yesterday, I heard from the editor. He’ll publish it as a Letter to the Editor at 450 words. I quickly edited it down and sent it back. I then, added in the radio story and a few other items for this version. I hope you’ll choose to give this important story an audience by posting it, passing it on and/or personally enjoying Solar tax credits are not “conservative” or “free market” (attached and pasted-in-below).
Marita Noon
Executive Director, Energy Makes America Great, inc.
PO Box 52103, Albuquerque, NM 87181
Energy Commentary from Marita Noon
Executive Director, Energy Makes America Great Inc.
Contact: 505.239.8998, marita@responsiblenergy.org
Solar tax credits are not “conservative” or “free market”
The solar industry has poured a startling amount of effort and funding—much of it backed by California-based, billionaire hedge fund manager Tom Steyer, who is heavily invested in solar—into attempting to gain the legislative favor needed for it to survive.
Nationwide, the growth of the renewable power industry is dependent on a combination of big government mandates, tax credits, and subsidies—making it the perfect target of wrath from limited-government, free-market, and/or fiscally-conservative individuals and policymakers.
Some proposed legislation would prop up the industry (Florida), and force it to stand on its own (Louisiana).
In Louisiana, about 80 percent of the cost of solar installation is paid for through a combination of federal and state tax credits.
In discussing the state’s dramatic $1.6 billion budget shortfall, The Advocate’s, Mark Ballard, on April 6, aptly pointed out that the solar industry promises a “full-court press to protect” Louisiana’s generous tax credits that it says are “vital to its survival.” Ballard cites State Revenue Secretary Tim Barfield, who called the solar tax credit’s cost to the state’s taxpayers: “one of the fastest-growing. The solar credit cost $63.5 million in 2014, up from $9 million in 2013.” Plans to ratchet back—not remove—the tax credit, Ballard reports, could save the state $57 million.
Facing the loss of the essential-to-survival tax credit, legislators have been besieged by solar supporters. State Senator Robert Adley says, many, claiming to be “a businessman,” have sat in his office to plead the case. He snaps back: “You are not a businessman. A real businessman has skin in the game; has his own money at risk. With eighty percent of your costs coming from the taxpayers, you don’t depend on the market, you depend on the government. You are feeding at the trough.”
Representative J. Lance Harris agrees: “This subsidy absolutely makes no sense, there’s no energy crisis! We’ve got plenty of oil, plenty of natural gas, and plenty of electricity. What if the taxpayer subsidized eighty percent of the cost of a new Porsche for anyone who wanted one? There’s no difference; it’s misguided and ridiculous.”
As part of its “full-court press,” the solar industry is bringing the Tea Party’s Judas Iscariot equivalent to town. Debbie Dooley, who was part of the original Tea Party movement back in 2009, has since capitalized on the affiliation by claiming—as she did in her April 7 Facebook post crowing about “speaking directly after Al Gore” at an event in New York—that she is “advancing energy choice in a conservative way through free market competition.”
A power source that depends on big government handouts of taxpayer dollars for “survival” doesn’t qualify as “conservative” or “free market.”
During a recent trip to Louisiana, I was discussing the state’s generous solar subsidies on Jeff Crouere’s Ringside Politics radio show. He asked me how the solar subsidies were working. I explained that the answer depended on which side of the equation you stood. For the solar industry and homeowners, who benefitted from the subsidies, it was working well. But for the taxpayers and ratepayers: not so good. We chatted for a few minutes about the situation and, then, had a caller who couldn’t have been more perfect if I’d scripted him.
The caller planned to dispute my argument and, instead, ended up reinforcing it.
He told about his rooftop solar system—with which he was very happy. Why wouldn’t he be happy? He got a $40,000 system for $7000. He explained that, now, after five years of payments, his electricity was virtually “free.”
I was pleased that the caller addressed the system’s $40,000 cost. If one only listens to the ads, you’d think a solar system is cheap. He went on to say that he “got a generous check from Bobby Jindal” and he “took advantage of the federal incentives”—which resulted in his $7000 cost. He bragged that he amortized the cost over five years. He argued with me over my assertion that a few rooftop solar customers penalized the entire ratebase.
At the end of the call, Crouere asked for my response. I pointed out how the caller made my point. Courtesy of Louisiana and federal taxpayers, he got a $40,000 system for $7000. Because the utility is required to buy the surplus electricity his system generates (when it does) during the sunny days at full retail, known as net metering, and he buys it back at night, his bill is essentially zero. But any business owner knows that you can’t buy your product at retail and sell it at retail and stay in business for long. Because of people like the caller, who as Senator Adley stated, are “feeding at the trough,” costs for all ratepayers must increase to cover all the expenses of generating and delivering electricity that he is using but not paying for.
Yes, the caller benefitted from the system, but taxpayers and ratepayers are the victims of his winfall Like Dooley, he believed it was a free-market choice. Yet, government subsidies picking solar as a winner, make it possible—even attractive—for him.
The Advocate quotes Dooley as saying: “conservatives want to champion free market choice, and not let the government pick the winners and losers”—though that is exactly what the state’s solar subsidies, for which she shills, do. No other industry receives 63.5 million of Louisiana taxpayer’s dollars in one year. Yes, the industry claims it has created 1200 jobs, which costs taxpayers almost $53,000 per job.
In defending the subsidies, solar supporters, like Dooley, claim that the fossil fuel industry gets them, too. However, in 2013, the state’s oil-and-gas industry paid nearly $1.5 billion in state taxes and supports 64,669 jobs in the extraction, pipeline, and refining industries—not including indirect taxes and jobs. The petroleum industry gives; solar takes away.
As the Louisiana legislature looks at ways to fix the budget deficit, it is clear where cuts, rather than encouragement, should take place.
Marita Noon is an author and the executive director for Energy Makes America Great Inc. and the companion educational organization, the Citizens’ Alliance for Responsible Energy (CARE). She educates the public and influences policy makers regarding energy, its role in freedom, and the American way of life. CARE recently released the policy paper Solar Power in the U.S., which offers a comprehensive look at the impacts of solar power on the nation’s consumers.
One of Obama’s Harvard professors likened the president’s climate change policies to ‘burning the Constitution’
Warning Signs: Using the Global Warming Hoax to Destroy America
ImagePosted on April 21, 2015 by Chuck Ring
Marita Noon: Deepwater Horizon five years later: lessons learned
Twisted logic as usual
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