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Afghan National Army Territorial Force (ANA TF)
Name Afghan National Army Territorial Force (ANA TF)
Ethnic backgr.
Function/Grade Background
Afghan National Army Territorial Force (ANA TF) (quwat-ha-ye manteqawi urdu-e milli-ye afghanistan, also referred to in Persian as the ‘territorial army’ or urdu-e manteqawi) is a new local defence force currently being mobilised under the Ministry of Defence as part of the Afghan National Army (ANA). Each company (tolai) draws soldiers from a particular district but is led by officers from outside that district who are already serving in the regular ANA or who are in the ANA reserves. The aim is for the Territorial Force to eventually be 36,000 strong.
The ANA TF was authorised by presidential decree in February 2018. The initial aim was for a pilot phase in eight to ten locations and, after evaluation, for it to roll out to a phase 1 with as many as 48 districts (discussed below) and then a phase 2. President Ghani announced the establishment of the Territorial Force on 5 March 2018, recruitment was reported to have begun on 15 April 2018 and the training of the first 370 “cadets” at the Kabul Military Training Centre reported on 11 June 2018.
At first blush, the ANA TF and ALP models seem quite similar. Both are designed to mobilise men from a local community (neither recruit women, unlike the regular ANA and ANP) and develop them into a defensive, hold force. They are supposed to be auxiliary or adjunct forces only, with limited weaponry and a limited geographical remit permitting them to operate within their own communities. However, the ALP operates at village level, the ANA TF at district level; Territorial Force soldiers can be deployed anywhere within their district, making the force, it is hoped, less prone to very local capture.
One major change is that the ANA TF falls under Afghan National Army command rather than, as the ALP does, the Afghan National Police. The ANA has generally had far better command and control than the ANP with a more advanced (and functional) disciplinary and military
justice system, to which the ANA TF would be fully subject. The Ministry of Defense also has a better accountability record with donors than the Ministry of Interior and has been much better able to escape factional and criminal interests.
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Home>Opinion>Political Economy and Governance>Governance>Why an independent MACC matters
Why an independent MACC matters
GovernanceOpinionPolitical Economy and Governance admin|January 7, 2016
By Tricia Yeoh, Chief Operating Officer at IDEAS. First published in The Sun 7 January 2016
Image Credit: Free Malaysia Today
Over the last few months, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) has been one of the few government bodies undergoing tremendous pressure. Most recently, rumours circulated that its Chief Commissioner, Tan Sri Abu Kassim Mohamed might be replaced for health reasons, although this has since been denied by Tan Sri Abu Kassim himself.
This had initially raised some speculation, given that the MACC had just handed over its investigation papers to the Attorney-General’s Chambers on the RM2.6 billion donation to the prime minister’s personal bank account, and on the Finance Ministry’s wholly-owned subsidiary SRC International.
But if the rumour had turned out to be true, this should not in fact come as a shock. That the Prime Minister has sole discretionary powers to remove the head of a government agency is not too surprising; after all, the MACC is not really an independent body and still reports to the Prime Minister’s Department. I have also pointed out in an earlier column that much power is concentrated in the hands of this one man in the highest of positions, an unfortunately systemic problem we have inherited from previous administrations.
What is more disturbing is that the very institution tasked to unveil corruption is not in fact independent. One would have thought that such an entity must be given operational and financial independence in order to carry out its investigative duties in a neutral way, without fear or favour.
One only needs to recall the unceremonious manner in which the police targeted several MACC officers in August, when there were supposed information leaks related to the investigation into the 1MDB issue, as well as raids conducted on an MACC prosecutor’s office, with his documents taken away. Would all this have happened if the MACC were an independent institution?
Over the last year and a half, IDEAS, together with the Malaysian Bar and other civil society organisations like Transparency International and the Centre to Combat Corruption and Cronyism have worked to propose a complete revamp of the way in which the MACC is set up and runs.
A public campaign of this proposal was recently launched at a first public forum carried out in Kuching in December last year and support from the local Sarawakians. Sarawak, too, has seen its fair share of corruption scandals having gone unaddressed, most of which are related to logging contracts. The campaign will continue in other cities across Malaysia over the months to come.
The proposal is essentially to create a new Independent Anti-Corruption Commission that is constitutionally mandated, with its own hiring and firing abilities. The members of this new IACC would consist of at least 40 percent civil society and industry experts, whilst the rest come from public service. More importantly, members of the IACC ought to be voted in by Parliament.
In this new model, the MACC’s existing oversight bodies (namely the Consultation and Corruption Prevention Panel, Complaints Committee, Operations Review Panel and the Anti-Corruption Advisory Board) would be incorporated and absorbed into the IACC, whilst the Special Committee on Corruption would be retained and renamed as the Parliamentary Select Committee on Corruption.
What is most important is that the IACC will have an expanded role and function, which is in setting policy and direction in combatting corruption. A separate body, the Anti-Corruption Agency (which will report to the IACC), should be the actual body carrying out operational investigative work, and which will recommend whether to prosecute an individual or not.
Some may question whether or not it makes a difference even if the MACC (or the IACC, if this proposal is eventually taken up) is independent, since prosecutorial powers still lie with the Attorney-General’s Chambers. However, giving the MACC prosecutorial powers is not necessarily the solution.
In Malaysia, the Office of the AG is fused with that of the Office of the Public Prosecutor, which causes tension in the administration of duties and functions. The AG has sole discretion on whether or not to prosecute someone on a criminal case, which has direct conflict of interest with his role of Public Prosecutor, which is as legal adviser to the Cabinet. What would be more effective in the long run is a constitutional amendment to separate the two offices.
Many of these points are not new. Pushing for an independent Anti-Corruption Commission that reports instead to Parliament, and calling for the separation of the AG’s Chambers seem to be the most logical basic thing to do – in a country run according to the rule of law, that is.
Without an independent MACC, Malaysians can rest assured we will continue to have high-level corruption scandals go unaddressed, to the detriment of citizens whose tax-paying public funds pour out into other undeserving deep pockets.
Tricia Yeoh is the Chief Operating Officer at IDEAS
f our current and future leaders to advocate.
Tags:MACC, MACC reform
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Glimpsing the Land of the Rising Sun
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SB 378-1_ Filed 03/17/2005, 18:06
Adopted 3/17/2005
Adopted Rejected
Your Committee on Ways and Means , to which was referred Senate Bill 378 , has had the same under consideration and begs leave to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that said bill be amended as follows:
SOURCE: Page 1, line 3; (05)CR037801.1. --> Page 1, line 3, delete "The definitions in" and insert " The general assembly declares that the opportunity for the participation of underutilized small businesses, especially women and minority business enterprises, in the biodiesel and ethanol production industries is essential if social and economic parity is to be obtained by women and minority business persons and if the economy of Indiana is to be stimulated as contemplated by this section, IC 6-3.1-27, and IC 6-3.1-28. A recipient of a credit under this chapter is encouraged to purchase goods and services from underutilized small businesses, especially women and minority business enterprises.".
Page 1, delete line 4.
Page 1, line 5, before "used" begin a new paragraph and insert:
" (b) The definitions in IC 6-3.1-27 and IC 6-3.1-28 apply throughout this section. A term".
" (c) As used in this section, "minority" means a member of a minority group (as defined in IC 4-13-16.5-1).
(d) As used in this section, "minority business enterprise" has the meaning set forth in IC 4-13-16.5-1.
(e) As used in this section, "women's business enterprise" has the meaning set forth in IC 4-13-16.5-1.3.".
Page 1, line 13, delete "(b)" and insert " (f)".
Page 2, line 5, delete "(c)" and insert " (g)".
Page 2, line 17, delete "(d)" and insert " (h)".
Page 2, line 17, delete "(c)," and insert " (g),".
Page 2, line 34, delete "(e)" and insert " (i)".
Page 2, line 40, delete "(f)" and insert " (j)".
Page 3, line 17, delete "(g)" and insert " (k)".
Page 6, line 11, delete "IC 4-23-5.5-17." and insert " IC 5-28-6-3.".
Page 7, delete lines 24 through 42, begin a new paragraph and insert:
SOURCE: IC 6-3.1-29; (05)CR037801.15. --> "SECTION 15. IC 6-3.1-29 IS ADDED TO THE INDIANA CODE AS A NEW CHAPTER TO READ AS FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2006]:
Chapter 29. Coal Gasification Technology Investment Tax Credit
Sec. 1. The general assembly declares that the opportunity for the participation of underutilized small businesses, especially women and minority business enterprises, in the coal gasification industry is essential if social and economic parity is to be obtained by women and minority business persons and if the economy of Indiana is to be stimulated as contemplated by this chapter. A recipient of a credit under this chapter is encouraged to purchase goods and services from underutilized small businesses, especially women and minority business enterprises.
Sec. 2. As used in this chapter, "commission" refers to the Indiana utility regulatory commission.
Sec. 3. As used in this chapter, "corporation" refers to the Indiana economic development corporation established by IC 5-28-3-1.
Sec. 4. As used in this chapter, "department" refers to the department of state revenue.
Sec. 5. As used in this chapter, "Indiana coal" has the meaning
set forth in IC 4-4-30-4.
Sec. 6. As used in this chapter, "integrated coal gasification powerplant" means a facility that satisfies all the following requirements:
(1) The facility is located in Indiana and is a newly constructed energy generating plant.
(2) The facility converts coal into synthesis gas that can be used as a fuel to generate energy.
(3) The facility uses the synthesis gas as a fuel to generate electric energy.
(4) The facility is dedicated primarily to serving Indiana retail electric utility consumers.
Sec. 7. As used in this chapter, "minority" means a member of a minority group (as defined in IC 4-13-16.5-1.)
Sec. 8. As used in this section, "minority business enterprise" has the meaning set forth in IC 4-13-16.5-1.
Sec. 9. As used in this chapter, "pass through entity" means:
(1) a corporation that is exempt from the adjusted gross income tax under IC 6-3-2-2.8(2);
(2) a partnership;
(3) a limited liability company;
(4) a limited liability partnership;
(5) a corporation organized under IC 8-1-13; or
(6) a corporation organized under IC 23-17-1 that is an electric cooperative and that has at least one (1) member that is a corporation organized under IC 8-1-13.
Sec. 10. As used in this chapter, "qualified investment" means a taxpayer's expenditures for:
(1) all real and tangible personal property incorporated in and used as part of an integrated coal gasification powerplant; and
(2) transmission equipment and other real and personal property located at the site of an integrated coal gasification powerplant that is employed specifically to serve the integrated coal gasification powerplant.
Sec. 11. As used in this chapter, "state tax liability" means a taxpayer's total tax liability that is incurred under:
(1) IC 6-3-1 through IC 6-3-7 (the adjusted gross income tax);
(2) IC 6-5.5 (the financial institutions tax);
(3) IC 27-1-18-2 (the insurance premiums tax); and
(4) IC 6-2.3 (the utility receipts tax);
as computed after the application of the credits that under IC 6-3.1-1-2 are to be applied before the credit provided by this chapter.
Sec. 12. As used in this chapter, "taxpayer" means a person, a corporation, a partnership, or other entity that has any state tax liability.
Sec. 13. As used in this section, "women's business enterprise" has the meaning set forth in IC 4-13-16.5-1.3.
Sec. 14. (a) A taxpayer that:
(1) is awarded a tax credit under this chapter by the corporation; and
(2) complies with the conditions set forth in this chapter and the agreement entered into by the corporation and the taxpayer under this chapter;
is entitled to a credit against the taxpayer's state tax liability for a taxable year in which the taxpayer places into service an integrated coal gasification powerplant and for the taxable years provided in section 16 of this chapter.
(b) A tax credit awarded under this chapter must be applied against the taxpayer's state tax liability in the following order:
(1) Against the taxpayer's liability incurred under IC 6-3-1 through IC 6-3-7 (the adjusted gross income tax).
(2) Against the taxpayer's liability incurred under IC 6-5.5 (the financial institutions tax).
(3) Against the taxpayer's liability incurred under IC 27-1-18-2 (the insurance premiums tax).
(4) Against the taxpayer's liability incurred under IC 6-2.3 (the utility receipts tax).
Sec. 15. Subject to section 16 of this chapter, the amount of the credit to which a taxpayer is entitled is equal to the sum of the following:
(1) Ten percent (10%) of the taxpayer's qualified investment for the first five hundred million dollars ($500,000,000) invested.
(2) Five percent (5%) of the amount of the taxpayer's qualified investment that exceeds five hundred million dollars
($500,000,000).
Sec. 16. (a) A credit awarded under section 15 of this chapter must be taken in ten (10) annual installments, beginning with the year in which the taxpayer places into service an integrated coal gasification powerplant.
(b) The amount of an annual installment of the credit awarded under section 15 of this chapter is equal to the amount determined in the last of the following STEPS:
STEP ONE: Determine the lesser of:
(A) the credit amount determined under section 15 of this chapter, divided by ten (10); or
(B) the greater of:
(i) the taxpayer's total state tax liability for the taxable year, multiplied by twenty-five percent (25%); or
(ii) the taxpayer's liability for the utility receipts tax imposed under IC 6-2.3 for the taxable year.
STEP TWO: Multiply the STEP ONE amount by the percentage of Indiana coal used in the taxpayer's integrated coal gasification powerplant in the taxable year for which the annual installment of the credit is allowed.
(c) If the credit allowed by this chapter is available to a member of an affiliated group of corporations filing a consolidated return under IC 6-2.3-6-5 or IC 6-3-4-14, the credit shall be applied against the state tax liability of the affiliated group.
Sec. 17. A person that proposes to place a new integrated coal gasification powerplant into service may apply to the corporation before the taxpayer makes the qualified investment to enter into an agreement for a tax credit under this chapter. The corporation shall prescribe the form of the application.
Sec. 18. After receipt of an application, the corporation may enter into an agreement with the applicant for a credit under this chapter if the corporation determines that the taxpayer's proposed investment satisfies the requirements of this chapter.
Sec. 19. (a) The corporation shall enter into an agreement with an applicant that is awarded a credit under this chapter. The agreement must include all the following:
(1) A detailed description of the project that is the subject of the agreement.
(2) The first taxable year for which the credit may be claimed.
(3) The maximum tax credit amount that will be allowed for each taxable year.
(4) A requirement that the taxpayer shall maintain operations at the project location for at least ten (10) years during the term that the tax credit is available.
(5) A requirement that the taxpayer shall pay an average wage to its employees at the integrated coal gasification powerplant, other than highly compensated employees, in each taxable year that a tax credit is available that equals at least one hundred twenty-five percent (125%) of the average county wage in the county in which the integrated coal gasification powerplant is located.
(6) A requirement that the taxpayer will maintain during the term of the tax credit a total payroll paid to Indiana residents that is at least equal to the payroll level that existed before the qualified investment was made.
(7) A requirement that the taxpayer shall use Indiana coal at the taxpayer's integrated coal gasification powerplant.
(8) A requirement that the taxpayer obtain from the commission a determination under IC 8-1-8.5-2 that public convenience and necessity require, or will require, the construction of the taxpayer's integrated coal gasification powerplant.
(b) A taxpayer must comply with the terms of the agreement described in subsection (a) to receive an annual installment of the tax credit awarded under this chapter. The corporation shall annually determine whether the taxpayer is in compliance with the agreement. If the corporation determines that the taxpayer is in compliance, the corporation shall issue a certificate of compliance to the taxpayer.
Sec. 20. If a pass through entity does not have state tax liability against which the tax credit may be applied, a shareholder, partner, or member of the pass through entity is entitled to a tax credit equal to:
(1) the tax credit determined for the pass through entity for the taxable year; multiplied by
(2) in the case of a pass through entity described in:
(i) section 9(1), 9(2), 9(3), or 9(4) of this chapter, the percentage of the pass through entity's distributive income to which the shareholder, partner, or member is entitled; and
(ii) section 9(5) or 9(6) of this chapter, the relative percentage of the corporation's patronage dividends allocable to the member for the taxable year.
Sec. 21. To receive the credit awarded by this chapter, a taxpayer must claim the credit on the taxpayer's annual state tax return or returns in the manner prescribed by the department. The taxpayer shall submit to the department a copy of the commission's determination required under section 19 of this chapter, a copy of the taxpayer's certificate of compliance issued under section 19 of this chapter, and all information that the department determines is necessary for the calculation of the credit provided by this chapter.".
Delete pages 8 through 10.
SOURCE: Page 11, line 1; (05)CR037801.11. --> Page 11, delete lines 1 through 4.
Page 11, line 12, delete "IC 5-29-6-3," and insert " IC 5-28-6-3,".
Renumber all SECTIONS consecutively.
(Reference is to SB 378 as reprinted March 1, 2005.)
and when so amended that said bill do pass.
Representative Espich
CR037801/DI 92 2005
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2002 UD Vintage Moose Skowron
I am taking a break in my Brewers thread to pay tribute to Bill "Moose" Skowron. Moose passed away last Friday of congestive heart failure after a battle with lung cancer. Moose was the son of a Chicago garbage man. He was a two sport star at Purdue when the Yankees drafted him after his sophomore year. He was a 5 time all star first baseman for the Yankees from 1954-1962. He returned to his home town in 1964. Playing on the south side from 1964-1967. Moose has been a regular at White Sox games, fantasy camps, conventions and other events. He has been given the title of White Sox Ambassador since 1999. Although his greatest years were in a Yankees uniform he embodies the working class roots of his hometown. He will be missed.
at 9:14:00 AM 1 comment:
Labels: 2002 Upper Deck Vintage, Chicago White Sox, Horizontal Cards, Moose Skowron
1978 Hostess Paul Molitor
Milwaukee Brewers CTNW Fan Favorites #3
Paul Molitor was the runner up to Detroit's Lou Whitaker in the 1978 Rookie of the Year voting. As a rookie Molitor stole 30 of his 504 career bases. He would go on to play in 7 All Star games, win 4 Silver Slugger awards and a World Series MVP in his Hall of fame career.
For those of us who were kids in the mid to late '70s, We remember picking out our cereal by which ones had cards inserted in them. We also remember going through the all boxes of Hostess snacks. These were even better because the cards were on the outside so you could see who you were getting. They came in panels of 3 but you could also buy 2-packs of Twinkies with individual cards on them. But the individual Twinkies cards always had a huge grease stain on them. My brother and I would go through every box in the store trying to find the players we liked.
Labels: 1978 Hostess, CTNW Fan Favorites, Milwaukee Brewers, Paul Molitor
1981 Fleer Rollie Fingers
In 1981 Rollie Fingers became the 4th pitcher to win the MVP and Cy Young awards in the same season. Joining Don Newcombe, Sandy Koufax, and Bob Gibson. Also in 1981, Topps produced it's first separate set of Traded Cards. Not only was this the only set that included Fingers in a Brewers uniform during his MVP/Cy Young season, but it reinforced Topps status above the 1981 newcomers Donruss and Fleer.
The 1981 Topps Traded set was loaded with future Hall of Famers including Fingers, Fisk, Winfield, Morgan, Gaylord Perry, Sutton, Sutter and Blyleven as well as several stars of the day. Fleer would eventually follow suit in 1984 and Donruss in 1986.
at 11:20:00 AM 3 comments:
Labels: 1981 Fleer, CTNW Fan Favorites, Milwaukee Brewers, Rollie Fingers
1970 Topps Tommy Harper All Star
Here is a continuation on a theme of putting together 5 "Cards That Never Were" fan favorites from each team. These are not necessarily the 5 best players from the franchise. So as David Letterman used to say before Stupid Pet Tricks, "This is only an exhibition. This is not a competition. Please, no wagering."
Tommy Harper was the first player to represent the Milwaukee Brewers in the All Star game. He came in to run for Harmon Killebrew and was thrown out stealing second by Johnny Bench. He was also the first Brewer to join the 30/30 club and only the 5th player in the history of Major League Baseball. Joining Willie Mays, Hank Aaron, Bobby Bonds and Ken Williams of the 1922 St. Louis Browns.
The Seattle Pilots' move to Milwaukee was finalized just 6 days before opening day 1970. There were no Brewers cards anywhere in the 1970 Topps set. I was going to make a regular Topps 1970 Tommy Harper card on the Brewers but the thought of an All Star pinch-runner card struck me as more fun.
Labels: 1970 Topps, All Star Game, CTNW Fan Favorites, Milwaukee Brewers, Tommy Harper
1950 Royal Stars of Hockey Bill Barilko
A bit of a change up here but a good story. First on Saturday night the Chicago Blackhawks and the Phoenix Coyotes played their fifth consecutive overtime game in the Stanley Cup Playoffs. The last time 2 teams played 5 straight OT games in the Playoffs was 1951. The Toronto Maple Leafs beat the Montreal Canadiens 4 games to 1 on Bill Barilko's OT goal. Which also took place on April 21st.
This goal has become legend in Toronto. Bill Barilko and a friend took a private airplane to go fishing and never returned. The wreckage of the aircraft and the bodies of Barilko and his friend were not found until 1962. Which is the year the Maple Leafs finally won another Stanley Cup Championship. The Story is also the basis for a song by the Tragically Hip.
"Bill Barilko disappeared that summer,
he was on a fishing trip.
The last goal he ever scored won the Leafs the cup
They didn't win another until 1962,
the year he was discovered.
I stole this from a hockey card,
I kept tucked up under my fifty mission cap"
His goal was also immortalized on cardboard for the 1951-52 Parkhurst set.
And the card Tragically Hip "stole this from" was a 1991-92 Pro Set card.
Barilko never had a hockey card of him while he was still alive. In 1950 Royal Desserts made a limited number of cards on the back of their boxes. They were all of players from American teams.
Labels: 1950 Royal Stars, 1951-52 Parkhurst, 1991-92 Pro Set Hockey, Bill Barilko, The Tragically Hip, Toronto Maple Leafs, Video
2012 Heritage Philip Humber
If you haven't seen it yet, do yourself a favor and watch the bottom of the 9th. Awesome.
Labels: 2012 Heritage, Chicago White Sox, No Hitters, Perfect Games, Philip Humber
2006 Heritage Jerry Hairston Jr. 1999 Bowman Chrome Scott Hairston
Today I'm posting 2 "Cards That Never Were". A third generation of Major Leaguers. All three generations have ties to my hometown teams.
Scott Hairston was originally drafted by the Chicago White Sox in 1999 while at Central Arizona College but did not sign with the Sox. He would later be drafted and signed by the Diamondbacks in 2001. His older brother, Jerry Hairston Jr. spent 2005 and part of 2006 playing on the north side for the Cubs. Both of them are the sons of Jerry Hairston who played on the south side of town. Jerry played for the White Sox off and on from 1973-1989.
On the north side was his older brother, Johnny Hairston who played for what must be one of most popular 2nd place teams of all time. The 1969 Chicago Cubs. Johnny Hairston was the first second-generation African-American ball player in the Majors.
The patriarch of this baseball family is Sam Hairston. Sam spent most of his 50+ year career in baseball with the White Sox organization. He played briefly for the Major League club in 1952 but was a player, coach and scout for the White Sox minor league affiliates including the Colorado Springs Sky Sox and the Birmingham Barons. Sam Hairston was inducted into the Birmingham Baron's Hall of Fame in 2009, and the Colorado Springs Sports Hall of Fame in 2011.
Labels: 1952 Topps, 1969 Topps, 1981 Topps, 1999 Bowman Chrome, 2006 Heritage, Chicago Cubs, Chicago White Sox, Jerry Hairston Jr., Jerry Hairston Sr., Johnny Hairston, Sam Hairston, Scott Hairston
1969 Topps Johnny Hairston
Johnny Hairston was a career minor league catcher who came up for a "cup of coffee" with the 1969 Cubs. He was the first black second-generation player in the Major League. His father, Sam Hairston had a similarly brief career as a catcher on the south side of Chicago.
Labels: 1969 Topps, Chicago Cubs, Johnny Hairston
1952 Topps Sam Hairston
Sam Hairston was the second black player on the Chicago White Sox following Minnie Minoso. He had played for the Birmingham Black Barons and the Indianapolis Clowns where he won the American Negro League triple crown hitting .424 with 17 homers and 71 RBIs in 70 games. Hairston was one of 6 catchers on the 1951 White Sox. He would continue to play in the minors until 1960. In all he would spend more than 50 years in professional baseball as a player, coach and scout.
He is the father of former big leaguers Jerry and John Hairston and the grand father of New York Met outfielder Scott Hairston and L.A. Dodger utility player Jerry Hairston Jr.
Labels: 1952 Topps, Chicago White Sox, Sam Hairston
1981 Topps Jerry Hairston
In my last two posts, I wrote about baseball pensions. Here is another pension story about a well-liked player from a 3 generation Baseball family. Jerry Hairston was added to the White Sox roster in September of 1989 and 1990 so that he would get the full 10 year pension. At the same time, the Sox attempted to add another well-liked player, Minnie Minoso. This would have given Minoso the opportunity to play in his 6th decade. Unfortunately it was vetoed by the league.
Jerry Hairston played for the Sox from 1973-1977 when he was bought by the Pirates. He then played in the Mexican League where he was seen by Sox manager Tony Larussa and GM Roland Hemond during the 1981 strike. After the strike he was signed by the Sox.
Labels: 1981 Topps, Chicago White Sox, Jerry Hairston Sr.
1972 Topps Carmen Fanzone
In my last post, I wrote about the Braves helping Satchel Paige get his Pension. Carmen Fanzone is one of 847 players from 1947-1979 who didn't qualify for a pension. A player needed 5 years to get the minimum MLB pension up until 1969 then it dropped to 4 years. After 1980 it dropped to 43 games and only 1 game to qualify for health insurance, but none of it was retroactive. Carmen was 85 days short of 4 years.
Carmen Fanzone was a jazz trumpeter who once played the National Anthem before a game at Wrigley Field. He was a utility player and caught the last out in Milt Pappas's 1972 no hitter. He was cut by the Cubs following the 1974 season and was playing AAA ball in Hawaii in 1975 when he broke his ankle and ended his playing career. Fortunately he was able to catch on with Don Ho's band. Carmen has kept busy at Cubs Fantasy Camps and a musicians union rep in Los Angeles.
Labels: 1972 Topps, Carmen Fanzone, Chicago Cubs
1968 Topps Satchel Paige
I was surprised to come across this picture of Satchel Paige. I didn't know that he was on the Braves, so I did a little research and there is an interesting story involved with this.
In 1968 the owner of the Braves, William Bartholomay, hired Satchel as a Pitcher-Trainer-Coach. He didn't do any training, and he never pitched in the regular season because his eyesight had deteriorated that the Brave were afraid he would not be able to react to a come-backer. It was also said that he did most of his coaching from his rocking chair in Kansas City. The real reason he was there was right on his jersey. #65. The age when MLB retirement benefits kick in. At that time you needed 5 years of MLB duty to qualify and Paige was 158 days short.
"Satchel Paige is one of the greatest pitcher of all time. Baseball would be guilty of negligence should it not assure this legendary figure a place in the pension plan."
- William Bartholomay, Owner Atlanta Braves
Labels: 1968 Topps, Atlanta Braves, Satchel Paige
I never was a big fan of the 1985 set before. But looking at it now, I can see the appeal. It is a simple design and includes a nice team logo. Truth is an nice vintage Mickey Mantle photo can make almost any card look good. I think I better find a real nice photo for the 1986 card. Those are terrible.
Labels: 1985 Topps, Mickey Mantle, New York Yankees
1973 Topps Curt Blefary
Curt Blefary fielded right handed but hit from the left side of the plate, and he could hit with power. In order to keep that bat in the line up he was shuffled around the field. He felt that this shuffling led to his decline. He ended his MLB career in 1972 with the Padres. In 1973 he was picked up by the Braves but never left the minors. He passed away in 2001 and his ashes were scattered at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Memorial Stadium was last used by the Orioles in 1991 and last used by the Ravens in 1997. Memorial Stadium was in the process of being demolished when his family scattered his ashes.
Labels: 1973 Topps, Curt Blefary, Rookie of the Year, San Diego Padres
1975 Topps 1965 Rookies of the Year
The first thing that strikes me when I look at this card is "did I run spell-check?" The second is that the 1965 Rookies of the Year faced each other in the 1966 World Series. The Orioles swept the Dodgers in 4 games. Neither of these players were much of an impact. Lefebvre hit a solo home run in a 5-2 loss in game one. He had only one other hit in the series batting .167. Blefary had a hit in his first World Series at bat. It was a 2 out, bases empty single, he was stranded at first. He wouldn't get another hit in the series batting .077.
By 1973 both player would be out of the Major Leagues. Blefary would be playing in the minors for the Braves. Lefebvre would be in Japan playing for the Lotte Orions. He would become the first person to play on a team that won the American World Series and the Japanese World Series. He would also go on to manage several teams including the Chinese National Baseball Team in the Olympics and the 2006 World Baseball Classic.
Labels: 1965 Topps, 1975 Topps, Baltimore Orioles, Curt Blefary, Jim Lefebvre, Los Angeles Dodgers, Rookie Card, Rookie of the Year
1965 Topps Jim Lefebvre
Jim Lefebvre's career in L.A. wasn't limited to baseball. If you tune into TVLand you might catch him playing bit parts on classic TV shows. He had small roles on Batman, Gilligan's Island, M*A*S*H, Knight Rider, Alice and several others. In his rookie season he was one of 7 Dodgers receiving MVP votes. He hit .400 against Minnesota Twins pitchers in the 1965 World Series and won Rookie of the Year honors beating out another second baseman, Joe Morgan.
Update 4/5/12
Thanks to Vonnoosh for pointing out Lefebvre's actual first card. See comments below.
Labels: 1965 Topps, Jim Lefebvre, Los Angeles Dodgers, Rookie Card, Rookie of the Year
Curt Blefary was given the nickname "Clank" by Frank Robinson for his fielding abilities. His ability to hit for power from the left side of the plate kept him in the majors. In an attempt to keep his bat in the line-up, he was moved from the outfield to first base and occasionally played catcher. He caught Tom Phoebus's no hitter for the Orioles in 1968. Blefary spent 4 years with the Orioles and played on the World Series winning team in 1966. His contribution was 1 hit in 13 at bats. No RBIs, no Runs scored.
Labels: 1965 Topps, Baltimore Orioles, Curt Blefary, Rookie Card, Rookie of the Year
Video Checklist -Series 6
Here are all the cards in the 6th series in one place. These videos are handy for people who like to look at the pictures but don't really want to read the boring comments I write below them.
Labels: 1965 Topps, Checklist, Video
2006 Heritage Jerry Hairston Jr. 1999 Bowman Chrom...
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St. Patrick's Day parade, 2009, Downpatrick, Co. Down
A couple a' shows back we were talkin' about Scotch Street, Irish Street and English Street. The town that has all three of these streets is called Downpatrick - and we had a photo of Scotch Street, Downpatrick, on the podcast. Downpatrick is the County Town of Down, in fact it used just to be called Downe - with an E on the end, but it has always been associated with the patron saint of Ireland, St. Patrick. Tradition has it that he is buried under a huge stone in the grounds of Down Cathedral in the town.
Patrick wasn't the first Christian missionary to heathen Ireland - as mostly we were, then. Patrick wasn't Irish at all! He was actually British, in the old sense - not Anglo-Saxon, but from the pre-Saxon Celtic British tribes - related to modern-day Brittany, in France. His name was a Roman one, though, meaning he was upper class, or well off. And then disaster struck! At sixteen Patrick was kidnapped by pirates and taken by ship to Ireland, where he was sold as a slave. He ended up in the north here, in Co. Antrim, 'pasturing the flock' out on Mount Slemish - the remains of an extinct volcano - to the east of Ballymena.
In his loneliness there, he began to pray a lot and to remember the lessons taught by his father and grandfather - a deacon and a presbyter. In his Confession he says, "More and more did the love of God, and my fear of him and faith, increase", so that he'd say up to a hundred prayers a day - even in the rain, ice and snow! One night, in his sleep, he heard a voice saying, "Soon you will depart for your own country." And then a short time later he again heard a voice, this time sayin', "Your ship is ready."
After 6 years of slavery he ran away, travelling 200 miles to catch a ship leaving Ireland. He travelled for a few years before eventually returning to his home in Britain. His parents were glad to see him again and didn't want him to leave but, as we know, he had another dream - this time where a man came from Ireland with a bundle of many letters and gave one to Patrick. It began, "The voice of the Hibernians", and as he read it in his dream he saw others in the west of Ireland crying out, "We beg you, holy youth, to come and walk among us again."
Patrick came back as a missionary to the heathen Irish, ruled over back then by the Druid religion. He landed on the southern shore of Strangford Lough, Co. Down, and after a confrontation with a local chieftain, was given a barn at a place called Saul, just outside Downpatrick - which became his first church! There is still a modern-day church building on the site. And in Downpatrick we now have a St. Patrick's Day parade - but no green beer, that I've ever heard of - just beor dhu, the black stuff!
A lot of stories and legends have arisen about Patrick, but he only wrote two documents himself - his Declaration, or Confession, and a letter to a Scottish king called Coroticus. He is supposed to have banished all the snakes from Ireland but, in fact, a Roman historian Solinius had reported many years before Patrick was born that there were no snakes in Ireland!
That story probably came out of Patrick's conflict with the Druids, who were still practising child sacrifice, among other things. Patrick had a major confrontation with his Druid rivals - at Tara, Co. Meath, where the High King ruled from. But we'll leave that story for our next show.
There's a song about Patrick, which begins:
"Saint Patrick was a gentleman,
He came from dacent people,
He built a church in Dublin town,
And on it put a steeple."
And my wife, Gerry's favourite joke is this:
"What did Patrick say when he was drivin' the snakes out of Ireland?"
'"Are yez all right in the back, there?"
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Baseball / NECBL Announces Roster Exemption for Service Academy Players
NECBL Announces Roster Exemption for Service Academy Players
Date: Nov 5, 2020 Source: New England Collegiate Baseball League
NORTH ADAMS, Mass. – The New England Collegiate Baseball League is proud to announce that its executive board has agreed to include a roster exemption for federal service academy players for every organization going forward.
“The New England League is excited to offer even more opportunities to some of the best and brightest student-athletes our country has to offer by providing a great opportunity to experience New England while gaining valuable baseball experience playing in a top summer collegiate baseball league,” stated Sean McGrath, commissioner of the NECBL.
“Students at these military academies have a very demanding schedule that includes military commitments during the summer months, which makes it more challenging for them to find a place to play during the summer,” McGrath continued. “Our decision to incorporate these military waivers provides our teams flexibility in managing their roster in order to accommodate these military obligations.”
The executive board’s decision to designate spots on every roster for two players from any of the five federal service academies will be in effect for the 2021 season onward. This exemption will allow every organization in the New England League to work with the academies to provide roster spots to their players in order to accommodate their military obligations over the summer.
"On behalf of all the players and coaches from service academies, I would like to say thank you to the leadership in the NECBL that helped make this new rule happen,” stated Army West Point head coach Jim Foster. “Commissioner Sean McGrath, the team presidents, general managers and all the coaches in this great summer baseball league really did a great thing. This new rule that will allow service academy players to play more baseball in the summer while not counting towards roster limitations is a huge win for everyone involved.”
The NECBL has maintained a longstanding tradition of welcoming student-athletes from all walks of life and all across the country, spanning NCAA, NAIA and junior college ranks. The league upholds a commitment to partnering with a number of the region’s most scenic summer communities to offer collegiate baseball at its finest. Its obligation to student-athletes from every federal service academy furthers its mission to transcend communities and give the best student-athletes from across the country a chance at their dream.
“Every day, I see what these players will do for our country as future leaders and the commitment they have to play the game we all love,” Foster continued. “They will now get the same opportunities and experiences as others because of the roster flexibility now afforded to them thanks to this new rule. Our hope is other leagues around the country will do the same and allow players from service academies – who do so much for all of us – to play and not count towards roster number limitations. Thank you again to the NECBL for being the first!"
“Our teams are grateful for the experiences they have had with players from these academies on their roster,” McGrath summated. “These future leaders of our military bring leadership qualities that influence fellow teammates as well as make an impact in their community as role models and mentors.”
The New England Collegiate Baseball League is a wooden bat college summer league that fields teams in all six New England states. Partially funded by Major League Baseball, the New England League started play in 1994 and has sent over 150 alumni to the Major Leagues and has had nearly 100 alumni drafted in each of the last 10 Major League Baseball Drafts. For continuing coverage of the NECBL, visit NECBL.com and follow the league on Twitter, Instagram and on Facebook.
New England Collegiate Baseball League
Coaching Success for Former Gull
Dylan Hoy to Join Ocean State for 2021 Season
Gulls Now Accepting 2021 Internship Applications
Optimism is in the Air
Snowmen in Newport
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Fossil Fuels Estimated to Only Have 15 Years Left in the United Kingdom
In 2035, Britain will begin to ban sales of new gasoline and diesel cars the ban will start five years earlier than planned. For the first time, hybrid vehicles will also be included in the ban. The UK government felt it was necessary to fight the climate crisis by helping the country to cut carbon emissions to “net zero” by the year of 2050.
The accelerated time frame drew pushback from automakers, who have concerns about the lack of clarification on whether the government would continue to subsidize sales of electric vehicles, as there is currently limited charging infrastructure. Automakers expect there to be several job losses. The new commitment puts the UK in a group of countries taking charge to phase out cars that are run by fossil fuels.
Norway is another country that wants all passenger cars and vans sold in the country to be zero-emission by the year 20205. India has also called for any new cars sold in the country to be electric by 2030. If the UK wants to meet the 2035 goal, it would require an entire transformation of the UK car market.
The use of battery-powered electric vehicles has increase in Britain by over 144% since last year, but sales still only made up for a total of 2% of automakers revenue. Hybrids, which is also included to be in the ban under the new policy in 2035, made up for about 8% of total vehicle sales.
Automakers like Volkswagen are investing billions of dollars in developing electric cars. According to data from the Society of Motor Manufactures and Traders, UK car production decreased by 14% last year. The shift away from diesel in Europe plated a significant role in the decline. Many automakers feel the interrupt in production will ultimately erode their bottom line.
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Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs supports our Rainbow Agenda Myanmar (RAM) project
We are very happy and proud that Document Our History Now has received a project subsidy from the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Bangkok to carry out an LGBT human-rights project in Myanmar. The main goal of the project is to give the general public, press and political parties in Myanmar more insight into the social and legal situation of LGBT, and in that way to generate READ MORE
Now online: Full-length documentary Red over the Rainbow
Covering the two first “Viet Pride” celebrations, and following a number of different participants in those, the documentary shows milestones of the fast-growing LGBT community in Vietnam. With portraits of the different generations and different genders that are involved in building a strong and proud community, it gives the audience an idea of the conflicts and the stigma that LGBT there face, but also a sense of the types of READ MORE
Almost 70 people came to the presentation meeting September 28th
Almost 70 people came to meet us during the presentation LGBT sotrytelling from Southeast Asia on September 28 in the Public Library in Amsterdam. There were interviews with key players; photos, film trailers and a documentary was shown; new projects and ideas were presented. It was very pleasant to meet so many people on this Sunday afternoon. During the presentation the audience showed great interest and involvement by giving useful READ MORE
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Créateurs > Antas Linda
Antas Linda
http://faculty.washington.edu/lantas/
Linda Antas Visiting Assistant Professor of Composition-Theory Linda Antas earned her doctorate in composition and electronic music from the University of Washington in 2002. While there, she served on the staff of the Center for Advanced Research Technology in the Arts and Humanities. She has taught computer music, theory and ear-training, and the flute. Her composition teachers include Richard Karpen, Diane Thome, and Salvatore Martirano. Her works have been programmed and broadcast throughout the U.S. and Europe, and are recorded on the Media Cafe, TauKay, and Centaur labels. A Fulbright Fellowship recipient, Antas has also been recognized by the International Music Contest Citta' di Udine, and has received commissions from the Rind fund, trombonist Abbie Conant, and the International Computer Music Association. Linda performs as flutist and conductor, and performed her work "A River from the Walls" at the 2000 National Flute Association Convention. She enjoys collaboration with other artists and has worked with choreographers, theatre directors, filmmakers, and other composer/improvisors. She spent the 2000-2001 academic year at the Institut Universitari de L'Audiovisual (Barcelona) on a Fulbright Fellowship and a Fritz Grant and has been a Visiting Artist at the Center for Digital Arts and Experimental Media since 2002. Antas has recently been awarded residencies by the Atlantic Center for the Arts, Djerassi, and Yaddo.
Still, Yet, Again Antas Linda électroacoustique 08:28
Contemporanea '98 Vol.1 - Interensemble Antas Linda
Taukay CD 00:00:00 1999
Mion Philippe
Souffriau Arsène
Haïku - printemps
Respire marche pars va-t-en
Espaces, fluides et pulsés
ANÂHATA ("Vibration primordiale" ou "Vibration d'origine")
Espaces tautologiques
Deux Passages pour Fausto Romitelli
An interview with Annette Vande Gorne, Part One
Méthodologie d'éveil musical
Un bruit assourdissant de musique métallique. La guitare électrique comme modèle
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Exploitation of labour
Exploitation of labour is concept defined as, in its broadest sense, one agent taking unfair advantage of another agent.[1] Marxists state it is a social relationship based on an asymmetry of power between workers and their employers. When speaking about exploitation, there is a direct affiliation with consumption in social theory and traditionally this would label exploitation as unfairly taking advantage of another person because of their inferior position, giving the exploiter the power.[2]
Karl Marx's theory of exploitation has been described in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy as the most influential theory of exploitation.[1] In analyzing exploitation, economists are split on the explanation of the exploitation of labour given by Marx and Adam Smith. Smith did not see exploitation as an inherent systematic phenomenon in certain economic systems as Marx did, but rather as an optional moral injustice.[3]
1 Marxist theory
1.1 Surplus labour and labour theory of value
1.2 Critique and rejection
2 Other theories
2.1 Liberal theory
2.2 Neoclassical notions
3 In developing nations
4 Wage labour
Marxist theoryEdit
Marx's exploitation theory is one of the major elements analyzed in Marxian economics and some social theorists consider it to be a cornerstone in Marxist thought. Marx credited the Scottish Enlightenment writers for originally propounding a materialist interpretation of history.[4] In his Critique of the Gotha Program, Marx set principles that were to govern the distribution of welfare under socialism and communism—these principles saw distribution to each person according to their work and needs. Exploitation is when these two principles are not met, when the agents are not receiving according to their work or needs.[5] This process of exploitation is a part of the redistribution of labour, occurring during the process of separate agents exchanging their current productive labour for social labour set in goods received.[6] The labour put forth toward production is embodied in the goods and exploitation occurs when someone purchases a good, with their revenue or wages, for an amount unequal to the total labour he or she has put forth.[7] This labour performed by a population over a certain time period is equal to the labour embodied to the goods that make up the net national product (NNP). The NNP is then parceled out to the members of the population in some way and this is what creates the two groups, or agents, involved in the exchange of goods: exploiters and exploited.[6]
According to Marxist economics, the exploiters are the agents able to command goods, with revenue from their wages, that are embodied with more labour than the exploiters themselves have put forth - based on the exploitative social relations of Marxist theory of capitalist production. These agents often have class status and ownership of productive assets that aid the optimization of exploitation. Meanwhile, the exploited are those who receive less than the average product he or she produces. If workers receive an amount equivalent to their average product, there is no revenue left over and therefore these workers cannot enjoy the fruits of their own labours and the difference between what is made and what that can purchase cannot be justified by redistribution according to need.[8] According to Marxist theory, in a capitalist society, the exploited are the proletariat, and the exploiters would typically be the bourgeoisie.[2][8] For Marx, the phenomenon of exploitation was a characteristic of all class-based societies, not only capitalism.[1]
Surplus labour and labour theory of valueEdit
In the Marxist critique of political economy, exploiters appropriate another's surplus labour, which is the amount of labour exceeding what is necessary for the reproduction of a worker's labour power and basic living conditions. In other terms, this entails the worker being able to maintain living conditions sufficient to be able to continue work. Marx does not attempt to tie this solely to capitalist institutions as he notes how historically, there are accounts of this appropriation of surplus labour in institutions with forced labour, like those based on slavery and feudal societies. However, the difference he emphasizes is the fact that when this appropriation of surplus labour occurs in societies like capitalist ones, it is occurring in institutions having abolished forced labour and resting on free labour.[2] This comes from Marx's labour theory of value which means that, for any commodity, the price (or wage) of labor power is determined by its cost of production - namely, the quantity of socially necessary labor time required to produce it.[1]
In a capitalist economy, workers are paid according to this value and value is the source of all wealth. Value is determined by a good's particular utility for an actor and if the good results from human activity, it must be understood as a product of concrete labour, qualitatively defined labour. Capitalists are able to purchase labour power from the workers, who can only bring their own labour power in the market. Once capitalists are able to pay the worker less than the value produced by their labour, surplus labour forms and this results in the capitalists' profits. This is what Marx meant by "surplus value", which he saw as "an exact expression for the degree of exploitation of labor-power by capital, or of the laborer by the capitalist".[9] This profit is used to pay for overhead and personal consumption by the capitalist, but was most importantly used to accelerate growth and thus promote a greater system of exploitation.[2]
The degree of exploitation of labour power is dictated by the rate of surplus value as the proportion between surplus value/product and necessary value/product. The surplus value/product is the materialized surplus labour or surplus labour time while the necessary value/product is materialized necessary labour in regard to workers, like the reproduction of the labour power.[5] Marx called the rate of surplus value an "exact expression of the degree of exploitation of labour power by capital".[10]
Critique and rejectionEdit
Many capitalist critics have pointed out that Marx assumes that capital owners contribute nothing to the process of production. They suggest that Marx should have allowed for two things; namely, permit a fair profit on the risk of capital investment and allow for the efforts of management be paid their due.
David Ramsay Steele argues that marginal productivity theory renders Marx's theory of exploitation untenable. According to this theoretical framework and assuming competitive market conditions, a worker's compensation is determined by his or her contribution to marginal output. Similarly, owners of machines and real estate are compensated according to the marginal productivity of their capital's contribution to marginal output. However, Steele notes that this does not in any way touch the ethical argument of socialists who acknowledge non-labour contributions to marginal output, but contend that it is illegitimate for a class of passive owners to receive an unearned income from ownership of capital and land.[11]
Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai observed that there is also the prospect of surplus value arising from sources other than labour and a classic given example is winemaking. When grapes are harvested and crushed, labour is used. However, when yeast is added and the grape juice is left to ferment in order to get wine, the value of wine exceeds that of the grapes significantly, yet labour contributes nothing to the extra value. Marx had ignored capital inputs due to placing them all together in constant capital—translating the wear and tear of capital in production in terms of its labour value. Yet examples such as this demonstrated that value and surplus value could come from somewhere other than labour.[12]
The theory has been opposed by Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, among others. In History and Critique of Interest Theories (1884), he argues that capitalists do not exploit their workers, as they actually help employees by providing them with an income well in advance of the revenue from the goods they produced, stating: "Labor cannot increase its share at the expense of capital". In particular, he argues that the theory of exploitation ignores the dimension of time in production. From this criticism, it follows that, according to Böhm-Bawerk, the whole value of a product is not produced by the worker, but that labour can only be paid at the present value of any foreseeable output.[13]
John Roemer studied and criticized Marx's theory by putting forth a model to deal with exploitation in all modes of production, hoping to lay the foundations for an analysis of the laws of motion of socialism. In his works published in the 1980s, Roemer posits a model of exploitation based upon unequal ownership of human (physical labour skills) and non-human property (land and means of production). He states that this model of property rights has great superiority over the conventional surplus labour model of exploitation, therefore rejecting the labour theory of value.[6] In his attempt to put forward a theory of exploitation that also includes feudal, capitalist and socialist modes of production, he defines exploitation in each of the modes in terms of property rights. Roemer rejects the labour theory of value because he sees that exploitation can exist in the absence of employment relations, like in a subsistence economy, therefore backing the model of exploitation that is based on property rights. He tests his theory of exploitation using game theory to construct contingently feasible alternative states where the exploited agents could improve their welfare by withdrawing with their share of society's alienable and inalienable assets.[6] Feudal, capitalist and socialist exploitation all come from the theory of exploitation on the basis of inequitable distribution of property rights. There has been a range of agreement and disagreement from various economists, neo-classical economists favoring the model the most.
Some theorists criticize Roemer for his entire rejection of the labour theory of value and the surplus labour approach to exploitation, for they were the central aspects of Marxist thought in regard to exploitation.[14] Others criticize his commitment to a specifically liberal as opposed to a Marxist account of the wrongs of exploitation.[15]
Other theoriesEdit
Liberal theoryEdit
Many assume that liberalism intrinsically lacks any adequate theory of exploitation because its phenomenon commits itself only to the primacy of personal rights and liberties and to individual choice as the basic explanatory datum. Hillel Steiner provided an argument to refute the claim that liberalism cannot supply an adequate theory of exploitation.[16] He discusses interpersonal transfers and how there are three types: donation, exchange and theft. Exchange is the only of the three that consists of a voluntary bilateral transfer, where the beneficiary receives something at a value greater than zero on the shared scale of value, although at times there can be ambiguity between more complex types of transfer. He describes the three dimensions of transfers as either unilateral/bilateral, voluntary/involuntary and equal/unequal. Despite these types of transfers being able to distinguish the differences in the four types of transfers, it is not enough to provide a differentiating characterization of exploitation. Unlike theft, an exploitative transfer is bilateral and the items are transferred voluntarily at both unequal and greater-than-zero value. The difference between a benefit and exploitation despite their various shared features is a difference between their counterfactual presuppositions, meaning that in an exploitation there is a voluntary bilateral transfer of unequally valued items because the possessors of both items would voluntarily make the transfer if the items to be transferred were of equal value, but in a benefit the possessor of the higher-value item would not voluntarily make the transfer if the items were at equal value. Put simply, the exploitation can be converted to an exchange: both exploiters and exploited would voluntarily become exchangers when benefactors would not.
In an exploitation both transfers are voluntary, but part of one of the two transfers is unnecessary. The circumstances that bring out exploitation are not the same as what brings about exploitative transfers. Exploitative circumstance is due to the factors other than what motivates individuals to engage in nonaltruistic bilateral transfers (exchanges and exploitations) as they are not sufficient circumstances to bring about exploitative transfers.
To further explain the occurrence of exploitative circumstances certain generalizations about social relations must be included to supply generalizations about social institutions. He says that 'if (i) certain things are true of the institutions within which interpersonal transfers occur and (ii) at least some of these transfers are nonaltruistic bilateral ones, then at least some of these transfers are exploitative.[17] Steiner looks at the institutional conditions of exploitation and finds that in general exploitation is considered unjust and to understand why it is necessary to look at the concept of a right, an inviolable domain of practical choice and the way rights are established to form social institutions. Institutional exploitation can be illustrated by schematized forms of exploitation to reach two points:
Despite the mode of deprivation in exploitation, it is not the same as the mode involved in a violation of rights and it does result from such violations and the two deprivations may be of the same value.
Rights violation (theft) is a bilateral relation, but exploitation is trilateral one. There are at least three persons needed for exploitation.
On a liberal view, exploitation can be described as a quadrilateral relation between four relevantly distinct parties: the state, the exploited, the exploiter and those who suffer rights violations. However, it can be argued that the state's interests with the exploiters action can be viewed as unimpeachable because you cannot imply that the exploiter would ever withhold consent from exploiting due to altruistic concerns. So this trilateral conception of exploitation identifies exploited, exploiters and sufferers of rights violations.
In terms of ridding exploitation, the standard liberal view holds that a regime of laissez-faire is a necessary condition. Natural rights thinkers Henry George and Herbert Spencer reject this view and claim that property rights belong to everyone, i.e. that all land to be valid must belong to everyone. Their argument aims to show that traditional liberalism is mistaken in holding that nonintervention in commerce is the key to non exploitation and they argue it is necessary, but not sufficient.
The classical liberal Adam Smith described the exploitation of labour by businessmen, who work together to extract as much wealth as possible out of their workers, thusly:
What are the common wages of labour, depends everywhere upon the contract usually made between those two parties, whose interests are by no means the same. The workmen desire to get as much, the masters to give as little as possible. The former are disposed to combine in order to raise, the latter in order to lower the wages of labour.[18]
Neoclassical notionsEdit
The majority of neoclassical economists only would view exploitation existing as an abstract deduction of the classic school and of Ricardo's theory of surplus-value.[5] However, in some neoclassical economic theories exploitation is defined by the unequal marginal productivity of workers and wages, such that wages are lower. Exploitation is sometimes viewed to occur when a necessary agent of production receives less wages than its marginal product.[19] Neoclassical theorists also identify the need for some type of redistribution of income to the poor, disabled, to the farmers and peasants, or whatever socially alienated group from the social welfare function. However, it is not true that neoclassical economists would accept the marginal productivity theory of just income as a general principle like other theorists do when addressing exploitation. The general neoclassical view sees that all factors can be simultaneously rewarded according to their marginal productivity: this means that factors of production should be awarded according to their marginal productivity as well, Euler's theorem for homogeneous function of the first order proves this:
f(K,L)= fK(K,L)K+fL(K,L)L
The production function where K is capital and L is labour. Neoclassical theory requires that f be continuously differentiable in both variables and that there are constant returns to scale. If there are constant returns to scale, there will be perfect equilibrium if both capital and labour are rewarded according to their marginal products, exactly exhausting the total product.
The primary concept is that there is exploitation towards a factor of production, if it receives less than its marginal product. Exploitation can only occur in imperfect capitalism due to imperfect competition, with the neoclassical notion of productivity wages there is little to no exploitation in the economy.[20] This blames monopoly in the product market, monopsony in the labour market and cartellization as the main causes for exploitation of workers.
In developing nationsEdit
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Developing nations, commonly called Third World countries, are the focus of much debate over the issue of exploitation, particularly in the context of the global economy.
Critics[who?] of foreign companies allege that firms such as Nike and Gap Inc. resort to child labour and sweatshops in developing nations[citation needed], paying their workers wages far lower than those that prevail in developed nations (where the products are sold). It is argued that this is insufficient to allow workers to attain the local subsistence standard of living if working hours common in the First World are observed, so that working hours much longer than in the first world are necessary.[citation needed] It is also argued that work conditions in these developing world factories are more unsafe and much more unhealthy than in the First World.[citation needed] For example, observers point to cases where employees were unable to escape factories burning down—and thus dying—because of locked doors, a common signal that sweatshop conditions exist, similar to the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of 1911.
Others argue that in the absence of compulsion the only way that corporations are able to secure adequate supplies of labour is to offer wages and benefits superior to preexisting options and that the presence of workers in corporate factories indicates that the factories present options which are seen as better—by the workers themselves—than the other options available to them (see principle of revealed preference).
A common response is that this is disingenuous as the companies are in fact exploiting people by the terms of unequal human standards (applying lower standards to their Third World workers than to their First World ones).[citation needed] Furthermore, the argument goes that if people choose to work for low wages and in unsafe conditions because it is their only alternative to starvation or scavenging from garbage dumps (the "preexisting options"), this cannot be seen as any kind of "free choice" on their part. It also argued that if a company intends to sell its products in the First World, it should pay its workers by First World standards.[by whom?]
Following such a view, some[who?] in the United States propose that the American government should mandate that businesses in foreign countries adhere to the same labour, environmental, health and safety standards as the United States before they are allowed to trade with businesses in the United States (this has been advocated by Howard Dean, for example). They believe that such standards would improve the quality of life in less developed nations.[citation needed]
According to others, this would harm the economies of less developed nations by discouraging the United States from investing in them. Milton Friedman was an economist who thought that such a policy would have that effect.[21] According to this argument, the result of ending perceived exploitation would therefore be the corporation pulling back to its developed nation, leaving their former workers out of a job.
Groups who see themselves as fighting against global exploitation also point to secondary effects such as the dumping of government-subsidized corn on developing world markets which forces subsistence farmers off of their lands, sending them into the cities or across borders in order to survive. More generally, some sort of international regulation of transnational corporations is called for, such as the enforcement of the International Labour Organization's labour standards.
The fair trade movement seeks to ensure a more equitable treatment of producers and workers, therefore minimizing exploitation of labour forces in developing countries. The exploitation of labour is not limited to the aforementioned large scale corporate outsourcing, but it can also be found within the inherent structure of local markets in developing countries like Kenya.[22]
Wage labourEdit
Main article: Labour economics
See also: Wage slavery
Wage labour as institutionalized under today's market economic systems has been criticized,[23] especially by both mainstream socialists and anarcho-syndicalists,[24][25][26][27] utilising the pejorative term wage slavery.[28][29] They regard the trade of labour as a commodity as a form of economic exploitation rooting partially from capitalism.
As per Noam Chomsky, analysis of the psychological implications of wage slavery goes back to the Enlightenment era. In his 1791 book On the Limits of State Action, liberal thinker Wilhelm von Humboldt posited that "whatever does not spring from a man's free choice, or is only the result of instruction and guidance, does not enter into his very nature; he does not perform it with truly human energies, but merely with mechanical exactness" and so when the labourer works under external control "we may admire what he does, but we despise what he is".[30] Both the Milgram and Stanford experiments have been found useful in the psychological study of wage-based workplace relations.[31]
Additionally, Marxists posit that labour as commodity, which is how they regard wage labour,[32] provides an absolutely fundamental point of attack against capitalism.[note 1] "It can be persuasively argued", noted one concerned philosopher, "that the conception of the worker's labor as a commodity confirms Marx's stigmatisation of the wage system of private capitalism as 'wage-slavery;' that is, as an instrument of the capitalist's for reducing the worker's condition to that of a slave, if not below it".[33][note 2]
Benjamin Tucker
Capital, Volume I
Contemporary slavery
Corporate abuse
Cost the limit of price
Criticism of capitalism
Exploitation of natural resources
Forced prostitution
Indentured servant
Labour, class struggle and false consciousness
Neocolonialism
Property income
Prosumerism
Rate of exploitation
Sharecropping
Trafficking of children
Unequal exchange
Unfree labour
Wage slavery
^ Another one being the capitalists' alleged theft from workers via surplus-value.
^ This Marxist objection is what motivated Nelson's essay, which claims that labour is not in fact a commodity.
^ a b c d "Exploitation". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 20 December 2001. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
^ a b c d Dowding, Keith (2011). "Exploitation". Encyclopedia of Power. SAGE Publications. pp. 232–235. ISBN 9781412927482.
^ Horace L. Fairlamb, 'Adam's Smith's Other Hand: A Capitalist Theory of Exploitation', Social Theory and Practice, 1996.
^ Andrew Reeve, Modern Theories of Exploitation"
^ a b c Jon Elster, "Exploring Exploitation", The Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 3-17
^ a b c d John E. Roemer, 'Should Marxists be Interested in Exploitation', Philosophy & Public Affairs, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1985, pg 30-65
^ John E. Roemer, "Origins of Exploitation and Class: Value Theory of Pre-Capitalist Economy", Econometrica, Vol. 50, No. 1, 1982, pp. 163-192
^ a b Jon Elster, "Exploring Exploitation", The Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 3-17
^ Marx, Karl. [1867] 1967. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, vol. 1. New York: International Publishers.
^ Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. 1, as translated in J. Furner, Marx on Capitalism: The Interaction-Recognition-Antinomy Thesis, Brill 2018, p. 233, ISBN 978-90-04-32331-5, which also explains the significance of the difference between this translation of Marx's phrase, and the translation reproduced earlier in this Wikipedia entry, which, Furner argues, is wrong.
^ Steele, David Ramsay (September 1999). From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation. Open Court. p. 143. ISBN 978-0875484495. One of the fateful consequences of marginal productivity is that it sweeps away such theories as Marx’s which see interest as ‘unpaid labour’. Under competitive market conditions, a worker tends to be paid what his labour contributes to output, no more and no less. The same goes for an owner of a machine or piece of real estate. The analysis demonstrates the symmetry of all types of inputs: there is as much sense as saying that labour exploits capital, or that electricity exploits roofing tiles. Of course, this does not touch the ethical arguments of socialists who acknowledge that non-labour factors make a determinate contribution to output, analytically separable from labour’s contribution, yet still contend that it is illegitimate for anyone to own capital or land and reap the payment for their services. But that is not the position of Marx, nor many other socialists.
^ Desai, Meghnad, Marx's Revenge: The Resurgence of Capitalism and the Death of Statist Socialism, 2002, Verso Books, page 264
^ "Böhm-Bawerk's Critique of the Exploitation Theory of Interest | Mises Daily". Mises.org. 2004-11-26. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
^ Khalid Nadvi, 'Exploitation and Labour Theory Of Value: A Critique of Roemer's Theory of Exploitation and Class', Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 20, No. 25, 1985, 1479-1494
^ For example, Allen W. Wood, Karl Marx (Routledge 2004) and Nicolas Vrousalis, 'Exploitation, Vulnerability and Social Domination', Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 41, 2013, 131-157
^ Hillel Steiner, 'A Liberal Theory of Exploitation', Ethics, Vol. 94, No. 2, 1984, pp. 225-241
^ Hillel Steiner, 'A Liberal Theory of Exploitation', Ethics, Vol. 94, No. 2, 1984, pp. 229
^ Adam Smith. The Wealth of Nations, Book I, Chapter 8. Marxists Internet Archive.
^ J. Schumpter, The theory of economic development, Harvard University Press, 1949
^ Milan Zafirovski, 'Measuring and Making Sense of Labor Exploitation in Contemporary Society: A Comparative Analysis', Review of Radical Political Economies, 2003, Vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 462-484
^ Hawkins, John (2015-03-25). "An Interview With Milton Friedman | John Hawkins' Right Wing News". Rightwingnews.com. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
^ Martinus van Tilborgh. "How do we find our artists". Villagemarkets.org. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
^ Ellerman 1992 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFEllerman1992 (help).
^ Thompson 1966, p. 599 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFThompson1966 (help).
^ Ostergaard 1997, p. 133 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFOstergaard1997 (help).
^ Lazonick 1990, p. 37 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLazonick1990 (help).
^ "Wage Slave". Merriam Webster. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
^ "wage slave". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
^ Chomsky 1993, p. 19 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFChomsky1993 (help)
^ Thye & Lawler 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFThyeLawler2006 (help).
^ Marx 1990, p. 1006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarx1990 (help): "[L]abour-power, a commodity sold by the worker himself."
^ Nelson 1995, p. 158 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNelson1995 (help)
Wage Labour and Capital
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Elections News Politics Uncategorized
Burma must win 'second independence'
Jan 5, 2010 (DVB), Independence Day was marked by the opposition in Burma yesterday with calls for strength and unity in the "struggle to win the second independence" from military rule, an opposition politician said.
Around 1500 people, including foreign envoys and ethnic leaders, gathered at the headquarters of the National League for Democracy (NLD) party, the official opposition to the country's ruling State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), in Rangoon to mark the 62nd anniversary of independence from British rule.
"This day is not about looking back and just being sentimental about independence we gained 60 years ago, but is about making resolutions, collecting strength and finding unity," said Win Tin, a senior NLD member who spent 19 years in prison for his political activities.
"I would like to pass on a message for youths and students that, in order to take part in the struggle, we all need to keep our 'no fear' spirit intact."
Other ceremonies were held at NLD offices around the country, and while police surveillance was intensified, there were no reports of intimidation or harassment. Events were also held amongst exiled Burmese communities in Thailand and Malaysia.
A statement released by the NLD called for the release of the country's 2,100 political prisoners, including detained NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi, and to allow the reopening of NLD offices outside of Rangoon.
It also demanded permission for ethnic political parties to register and be given the freedom to campaign in the run up to elections.
The head of Burma's ruling junta, Than Shwe, in a separate ceremony at the capital Naypyidaw, confirmed that elections would take place this year, but failed to announce a date.
He also called for "correct choices" to be made during the polls, a comment which could be interpreted as a warning against voting for Suu Kyi.
The NLD is however yet to confirm whether it will participate in the elections, and has demanded a revision of the 2008 constitution, which looks set to cement the military's grip on the country, which it has ruled in various forms since 1962.
Burma gained independence in 1948, following 124 years of British rule, and was presided over by a civilian government until a coup 14 years' later led by the country's first dictator, Ne Win.
Reporting by Naw Say Phaw
Tags: Electionsindependence
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NLD losing support, says USDP
Parties jockey for voters on final day of by-election campaign
By-elections 2017: candidate vetting process begins
Election commission lineup named
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Author: @bigmike7772
Why AJ Dillon is the Best College Football Player Right Now
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Sep 15, 2018 | College
I know it is early in the college football season, but AJ Dillon has continued to impress since he stepped foot on the field last year. He is so valuable in making Boston College a legit football team for the first time since the Matt Ryan days. Dillon grew up in Massachusetts, and went to Lawrence Academy for high school. He had many offers from around the country like Michigan, Notre Dame, and Florida State, but decided to stay home and make Boston College football great. AJ is a very big running back, standing at 6’0″ tall and 245...
Patrice Bergeron Could Miss the Start of the Season
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Sep 4, 2018 | Bruins, NHL
The Boston Bruins could be without their best player to start the year. Joe Haggerty of NBC Sports Boston reported that Bergeron is “a little behind” after getting groin surgery in June. Bergeron seemed frustrated about having to undergo surgery so late in the offseason, and expressed his thoughts on it: “I’m starting to feel better on the ice now, and I’m starting to increase the workload in the gym as well. Slowly, but surely, I’m feeling good. The fact that the surgery was done in June set me back a little bit…Pretty much all of July I was rehabbing...
College Football Week 0 Preview and Predictions
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Aug 24, 2018 | College
The 2018 college football season starts this weekend. There are only four games on the schedule with no ranked teams, but some games are interesting. This week in college football has been called week 0 because of the lack of teams that play. The four matchups include 2 FBS VS FBS matchups, and 2 FBS VS FCS matchups. Duquesne VS UMass Betting Odds: UMass -24.5, O/U 67.5 The first college football game of the season will feature the UMass Minutemen vs the Duquesne Dukes. UMass enters this game with high expectations for the year. If they win all of...
2018 College Football Season Preview and Predictions
The college football season is getting closer by the minute. With the first games coming on August 25th, a lot of things have changed. Teams like Alabama, Notre Dame, and Clemson will have to decide who will play QB while teams like Wisconsin and others return many of their key players from last year. We will also get to see how Oklahoma, Penn ST, and USC will fare without their best players from last season. In this article I preview every single conference in the FBS. I will also make my final top 25 predictions and new year’s six...
Who Should Be the Red Sox 8th Inning Guy?
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Aug 16, 2018 | MLB, Red Sox
The Boston Red Sox are the best team in baseball right now. They are 10 games ahead of the second best team in baseball at the moment, and it seems like nothing can go wrong. The Red Sox lead the league in batting average, runs scored, hits, and many more. They also are second to only Houston in ERA with 3.48. However, there are a few questions for the Sox heading into the postseason. One of those questions is who is the setup guy in the 8th inning for the Red Sox before Kimbrel comes in. This article will...
BIG3 Boston Recap and Exclusive with Nate Robinson
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Aug 4, 2018 | Celtics, NBA
The BIG3 was in Boston this past Friday with a slate of four games. This was the second to last week of regular season games, so their was a lot of playoff implications. I was able to go to TD Garden and cover this event and ask guys like Dr. J, Rick Mahorn, Glen Davis, and Nate Robinson questions. Entering this week the BIG3 standings looked like this: 3 Headed Monsters (6-0) Power (5-1) 3’s Company (4-2) Tri-State (4-2) Killer 3s (2-4) Ball Hogs (1-5) Ghost Ballers (1-5) Trilogy (1-5) Those standings changed a lot this weekend with a...
Recapping The BIG3 Conference Call
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Aug 1, 2018 | NBA
With the BIG3 coming to Boston this Friday, a conference call was held to preview the games and answer questions from the media. I had the privilege of being on this call, along with NBA Hall of Famer and BIG3 commissioner, Clyde Drexler, Co-Founder of the BIG3, Jeff Kwatinetz, and Chairman, Amy Trask. The call started with Clyde Drexler recapping the night of games in Toronto the week prior. Drexler announced that Andre Emmett from 3’s Company was player of the week with 23 points, 5 rebounds, 4 assists, and 4 steals. Emmett is a good example of the...
BIG3 Boston Preview
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jul 30, 2018 | NBA
The BIG3 is a basketball league created by rapper, Ice Cube, in 2017. The league consists of mostly retired NBA players, including some former all-stars. Rules for the BIG3 are different than rules in the NBA or FIBA-sanctioned 3-on-3 games. There is a four-point shot, 14 second shot-clock, hand-checking, and more. Also, there is no time-limit as halftime starts when a team reaches 25 points, and the winner is the first to 50 (win by two). In the second season for the BIG3, things have changed from the first season. The defending-BIG3 champs are now last in the league,...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Special Teams
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jul 26, 2018 | NFL, Patriots
There are many new faces on the Patriots compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this installment I will talk about the special teams. The Pats special teamers have not changed that much over the years, but it could be different this year. They did not lose any key special teamers,...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Safeties
There are many new faces on the Patriots compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this installment I will talk about the safeties. The Pats have kept their main group of safeties in tact while adding two via free agency. Devin McCourty #32 (2010-Present): Devin McCourty is the leader of the...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Cornerbacks
There are many new faces on this Patriots team compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this part of the series, I will take a look at the cornerbacks. The Patriots lost a key-piece to their secondary this past off-season with the departure of Malcolm Butler. New England then went on...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Linebackers
There are many new faces on the Patriots compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this installment I will talk about the linebackers. The linebacking core last year for New England was very depleted due to injury. They managed to maintain their depth while also drafting two linebackers this year. Dont’a...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Defensive Tackles
There are many new faces on this Patriots team compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this part of the series, I will take a look at the defensive tackles. The Pats acquired one DT via trade, and two as undrafted free agents. They also were able to keep their main...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Interior O-Line
There are many new faces on this Patriots team this summer. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players through trade and free agency and had three players retire. Plenty of questions remain on the offensive line, wide receiver corps, and defensive backs. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this part of the series, I will take a look at the interior offensive linemen. The Patriots have added two new interior...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Defensive Ends (@bigmike7772)
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jul 19, 2018 | Uncategorized
There are many new faces on this Patriots team compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this part of the series, I will take a look at the defensive ends. The Pats acquired one DE via free agency and one as an undrafted rookie. The defensive end position was a concern last...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Wide Receivers (@bigmike7772)
There are many new faces on this Patriots team compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this part of the series I will take a look at the wide receivers. The Patriots lost two very important wide receivers last year. Brandin Cooks was traded for the 23rd pick in the draft,...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Offensive Tackles (@bigmike7772)
There are many different faces on this Patriots team compared to last year. New England acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this installment I will talk about the offensive tackles. The Patriots have had a solid tackle group since Brady took over. The Pats lost a significant o-linemen this offseason, Nate Solder, and will look...
Potential Trade Packages for Jimmy Butler
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jul 3, 2018 | Celtics, NBA
It looks like All-Star shooting guard, Jimmy Butler, does not want to play in Minnesota anymore. He has grown tired of playing for a young, nonchalant Timberwolves team, according to recent reports. As reported by the Chicago Sun-Times, Butler is looking to team up in free agency with Kyrie next season. Jimmy Butler has no intentions of signing an extension with Minnesota, all but fed up with the nonchalant attitude of his younger teammates, specifically Karl-Anthony Towns, @suntimes_hoops reports. https://t.co/5bofEJyKpF — Chicago Sun-Times (@Suntimes) July 3, 2018 The question is if the Celtics should pursue Butler or wait to...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Tight Ends
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jul 3, 2018 | NFL, Patriots
There are many different players on this Patriots team compared to last year. New England acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this installment I will talk about the tight ends. The tight end position has been very valuable for the Patriots since Belichick took over. They became the first team to use three tight end packages...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Running Backs
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jun 30, 2018 | NFL, Patriots
There are many different players on this team compared to last year. The Patriots acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this installment I’ll focus on the running backs/fullback. The Patriots have brought in two running backs from free agency and one from the draft. This change is most likely due to the departure of starting...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Quarterback
With Patriots training camp approaching on July 26th, there are many different players on this team from last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this part of the series I will talk about the most important position on the field: Quarterback. Quarterback has been the most consistent position for the Patriots since...
REPORT: The Celtics are Including Terry Rozier in Draft Trades
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jun 21, 2018 | Celtics, NBA
Danny Ainge and the Celtics are reportedly involving Terry Rozier in potential trades to move up in the draft. This was first reported by Brian Robb of the Boston Sports Journal. Robb says that, “the Celtics have discussed Terry Rozier with other teams as part of a trade package to move up.” The #Celtics are dangling Terry Rozier in potential trade packages to move up in the #NBADraft, per @BrianTRobb. https://t.co/GZgEYRWFPm — 98.5 The Sports Hub (@985TheSportsHub) June 21, 2018 Rozier, 24, is entering the final year of his contract next season. He expects to cash out on his...
The Celtics Are Interested in Signing a Euro-League Star
The Boston Celtics seem to be looking to add another overseas player for next season. His name is Brad Wanamaker, a Turkish guard who is very highly decorated. This was reported first by David Pick, who is considered the top guy for overseas news. I'm told the Boston Celtics are giving strong considering to bring over Euro star Brad Wanamaker – MVP of the Turkish finals with Fenerbahce. Other NBA teams with interest: ORL, BRK, PHI and MIA. — David Pick (@IAmDPick) June 18, 2018 College Career Wanamaker played college ball at the University of Pittsburgh. He averaged only...
First Three Games of the Bruins Regular Season Have Been Announced
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jun 21, 2018 | Bruins, NHL
Coming off a year where the Bruins made it to the Eastern Conference semi-finals, the hopes are very high heading into the next NHL season. Many people believe that the Bruins are good enough to be hoisting the Stanley Cup by the end of the year. Those expectations will be tested in the regular season. The entire regular season schedule for the Boston Bruins does not come out until later today, but the NHL released every team’s home-opener for the upcoming season. During this, The Bruins found out who they will face in the first three games of the season....
Celtics’ Top Opponents for the 2018-2019 Season
The Boston Celtics were one of the most entertaining teams in the NBA last year. The 2017-2018 season had a lot of amazing games by the Celtics, which most notably consisted of comeback wins against the Rockets (26 points) and the Warriors (26 points). The season, though, was plagued with injuries, whether it was the Hayward injury that kept him out the whole year, or the Kyrie injury that made him miss the last few weeks of the regular season, the Celtics always found a way to make many of their games exciting no matter who they played. The C’s...
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Florida Destination Guide
FYI: The State of Florida's Marijuana Laws
AVAILABLE AT AMAZON BOOKS
Florida Organic Farm Directory
A guide to Florida's
certified organic operations
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Information about New England Patriots At
Wiki source
During the 1970s, the Patriots had some success, earning a berth to the playoffs in 1976—as a wild card team—and in 1978—as AFC East champions. They lost in the first round both times. In 1985, they returned to the playoffs, and made it all the way to Super Bowl XX, which they lost to the Chicago Bears 46–10. Following their Super Bowl loss, they returned to the playoffs in 1986, but lost in the first round. The team would not make the playoffs again for eight more years. During the 1990 season, the Patriots went 1–15. They changed ownership three times in the ensuing 14 years, being purchased from the Sullivan family first by Victor Kiam in 1988, who sold the team to James Orthwein in 1992. Though Orthwein's period as owner was short and controversial, he did oversee major changes to the team, first with the hiring of former New York Giants coach Bill Parcells in 1993. Orthwein and his marketing team also commissioned the NFL to develop a new visual identity and logo, and changed their primary colors from the traditional red, white and blue to blue and silver for the team uniforms. Orthwein intended to move the team to his native St. Louis (where it would have been renamed as the St. Louis Stallions), but instead sold the team in 1994 for $175 million to Boston paper magnate Robert Kraft, who had bought the Patriots' then-home, Foxboro Stadium, out of bankruptcy in 1988.
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Restraint. That’s one of the things chief minister Fabian Picardo has requested from teachers in their ongoing pay dispute with the government. Their claim dates back to last June but they still haven’t had a formal response. A deadline of Thursday 9 May set by their union, the NASUWT, came and went with neither an acceptance of the demands nor a counter offer. In a letter to the NASUWT president that same evening Mr Picardo essentially said he needed more time to consider the matter.
Yet earlier that day there was time for a meeting of the parliamentary reform select committee that the chief minister chairs. It hadn’t met for over four and a half years and it was only after the Gibraltar Chronicle had revealed it that anyone had any inkling it was about to meet again. According to one of its members the meeting lasted only 45 minutes.
The Gibraltar Parliament
Long enough, nevertheless, to conclude discussions on the “expansion of the Gibraltar Parliament” and come up with a radical recommendation: an increase in the number of MPs from 17 to 25 through the creation of eight “backbenchers”, five on the government’s side and three on the opposition’s. The intention is to pass the necessary legislation in time for the next election. The GSLP/Liberals and the GSD must have had a pretty good idea this would be the outcome, as almost simultaneously with the publication of the committee’s recommendation they issued press statements welcoming the initiative.
Marlene Hassan Nahon
Only independent MP Marlene Hassan Nahon did not. Herself a committee member, she decried a lack of consultation and warned that backbenchers would not have “a quantitative or qualitative impact on the level of democracy in Gibraltar”. She’s not alone in thinking it’s a bad idea.
Commission on Democratic & Political Reform
In 2013 the Commission on Democratic and Political Reform stated that: “there should not be an increase in the number of elected members, since 17 Members in a place of our size are quite enough”. It said the additional expenditure was “unwarranted”, notwithstanding that what was being mooted was just two backbenchers.
How much eight backbenchers would cost the taxpayer is an, as yet, unanswered question. (£200,000 a year Ms Hassan Nahon reckons). There are others. Would they be entitled to a pension as “frontbench” MPs are? On polling day would people vote separately for frontbench and backbench candidates or would who becomes what be determined by how many votes each candidate gets? Would backbenchers have full voting rights in parliament?
A more fundamental question still is why have backbenchers in the first place? Unlike their UK counterparts, they would have no constituents to represent. Neither would they have ministries to run nor shadow portfolios to look after. What then would be their purpose?
The Commons in session during prime minister’s questions
The chief minister says that with backbenchers our parliament would more closely resemble the House of Commons: there’d be more ordinary MPs than members of the Executive. This, he suggests, would improve democracy because it makes it easier for the government to be outvoted. But, given the tribal nature of our politics, how realistic is it that even one backbencher on the government side would rebel? Not very I’d say, and three of them would have to in order to defeat the government.
Democracy could be enhanced, in my view, if at least some of the backbenchers were independents, able to speak their minds, unfettered by a party whip. But it’s clear that the path isn’t going to be made any easier for independent candidates to get elected. As Mr Picardo says: “people will understand that they need to continue to block vote in order to have a government of the party political nature they wish to see, with the backbenchers being additional representatives of that party”. Plus ça change.
Let’s hope the real motivation here isn’t, as has been suggested, to reward party stalwarts who’ve never made it onto an electoral slate. Against a backdrop of the teachers’ pay claim and concerns expressed by the Action on Poverty group, the last thing Gibraltar needs is eight political sinecures.
Author gibstevePosted on 20th May 2019 20th May 2019 Leave a comment on Backbenchers: Why?
There must be more to Penny Mordaunt than meets the eye. When she visited Gibraltar in 2015 as minister for the armed forces she stonewalled me as she arrived for a meeting at Number Six Convent Place, only to emerge minutes later – presumably under advice – and grant me the interview I was initially denied. Ms Mordaunt has now been given the top job at the MoD, becoming the first woman to be appointed defence secretary. It shouldn’t do her hopes of one day becoming prime minister any harm.
For my money though, her successor as international development secretary is a better bet. Rory Smith impressed me when he came to the Rock five years ago as part of the Foreign Affairs Committee that heard evidence from Fabian Picardo, and he’s being touted by some as the next Tory leader. The former prisons minister speaks 11 languages and is a straight talker: when asked on the first day in his new job whether he’d throw his hat in the ring once Theresa May has left office he simply said “yes” – the first cabinet minister to do so.
Mr Stewart served in the Black Watch, and is a bestselling author. Before becoming an MP in 2010 he was a Harvard professor and an adviser to Barack Obama. A bit of an action man, he carried out a 6,000-mile walk across Iran, Nepal, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where he set up a charity, and delivered his first son himself. Brad Pitt once bought the rights to his life story.
The Sunday Times described him as “a political exception: a round peg in a round hole” who “even knows what he is talking about. And that, in politics these days, really is a surprise”. Praise indeed from the UK’s newspaper of record. The 46-year-old may be regarded as something of an outsider to replace Mrs May, but I reckon his time will come. If the Conservative Party survives its present crisis, that is.
RONNIE’S CRUCIBLE PIG’S EAR
One thing that university life engendered in me that has nothing to do with academia is my love of snooker. I don’t think it exists any more but when I was an undergraduate, my students’ union building boasted a fabulous snooker room where we’d spend many an hour – possibly too many – hoping to put together a decent break as we took an *ahem* hard-earned break from our studies. If I remember rightly, just 50p bought us an hour under the lights at the green baize table; those were the days!
It was during my first year, in 1977, that the World Snooker Championship moved to its present venue, the Crucible, in Sheffield. Watching the tournament on television I was soon hooked. Mind you, it took some dedication watching a sport in which colour plays such an important part on a black-and-white TV set as I had to. Only the white and black balls were clearly distinguishable, all the others were a washed-out grey.
In fact, some years earlier the BBC2 Pot Black programme that did so much to popularise snooker was devised precisely to exploit colour television technology. Not everyone owned a colour TV set though and this had to be borne in mind by commentators, who usually did an admirable job. Every now and then, however, they slipped up. As when the “voice of snooker”, Ted Lowe, not-so-helpfully told viewers that: “for those of you watching in black and white, the pink is next to the green”.
Of course, television coverage has come on by leaps and bounds since the seventies and for the past fortnight I’ve been transfixed, following the fortunes of my favourite players in this year’s World Championship.
Stuart Bingham lifts the Gibraltar Open trophy
I was rooting for Stuart Bingham who unfortunately lost in the second round. Bingham, who took the title in 2015, was also the gracious winner of this year’s Gibraltar Open. After lifting the trophy and pocketing the £25,000 top prize he said he loved coming to the Rock and looked forward to returning next year, possibly making a family holiday of the trip.
Contrast his attitude with that of world number one Ronnie O’Sullivan who quipped that he would “rather sleep in a pig sty” than play here. I, for one, was pleased to see him get his comeuppance in Sheffield: O’Sullivan was knocked out in the first round by an amateur, the first time that’s happened in the competition’s 92-year history.
Author gibstevePosted on 13th May 2019 Leave a comment on Could Penny or Rory be the next PM?
My heartiest congratulations to the Director of Public Prosecutions, Christian Rocca, who was recently appointed Queen’s Counsel (and to Nigel Feetham who was similarly honoured). In preparation for an earlier column I wrote regarding aspects of the jury system in Gibraltar Mr Rocca very graciously gave me access to the dissertation he submitted as a law student at the University of Essex. It made very interesting reading.
One of his key proposals for reform was that jury service be made compulsory for women. Yes, surprising as it may seem to younger readers, as recently as 1993, when Mr Rocca completed his thesis, only men featured on the jury list; women had to volunteer if they wanted to be included. Indeed, as Mr Rocca noted: “up until 1960, women were not even recognised as potential jurors”. Thankfully this “anomaly” was eventually put right and both women and men are now called upon to serve.
However, another concern highlighted by Mr Rocca remains as valid today as when the jury system was first adopted in Gibraltar in 1830: in a small jurisdiction, where everyone knows everybody else, how impartial can a jury truly be? Hardly at all, according to one time Governor Sir Archibald Hunter. Back in 1913, Mr Rocca reminds us, Sir Archibald had the temerity to suggest that the jury system be abolished, describing local juries as “partisan and notoriously unjust in favour of their own”. His words provoked quite a storm and he was “summoned back to the UK, never to return”.
Yet three-quarters of a century later the incumbent Attorney General, Ken Harris QC, said much the same thing. He reportedly told this newspaper in December 1991 that because of Gibraltar’s small size, “It is very difficult to be, and remain, completely impartial, whatever counsel or the trial judge may say…I am concerned that a number of verdicts in recent years have, in my opinion, been completely contrary to the evidence”.
Meanwhile, in his 1985 paper “Problems of jury trials in small jurisdictions”, Sir John Spry, an ex-President of the Gibraltar Court of Appeal, asserted that “In some islands, a local person charged with an offence against a foreigner is almost certain to be acquitted, while a foreigner accused of an offence against a local is equally likely to be convicted.”
Regrettably, statistics seem to back the view that Gibraltar juries are much likelier to convict foreigners than locals. An analysis by the now Registrar of the Supreme Court, Liam Yeats, of the verdicts in criminal cases between 1983 and 2013 shows that only a quarter (25%) of non-local defendants were acquitted, whereas three-fifths (60.5%) of locals were.
This issue alone seems to me a pretty good reason to reconsider whether we should persist with our jury system. But there’s the further argument that in Gibraltar we may be exposing jurors to unreasonable levels of stress. An indication of this came in the murder trial I referenced in last month’s column, in which the jury returning a guilty verdict asked for a counselling or support service to be established to help them, and future jury members.
If the jury system, because of jurors’ tendency to acquit locals and convict non-locals, is “failing to perform properly and impartially” as Christian Rocca asserts in his dissertation, and on top of that jury members’ health may be damaged by trauma, shouldn’t we at least have a rethink?
Author gibstevePosted on 7th May 2019 Leave a comment on The jury system revisited
What a great initiative: as its contribution to the commemorations of the 50thanniversary of the closure of the frontier, the National Archives has digitised its collection of the Gibraltar Evening Post and placed it online for everyone to enjoy. There are ten months’ worth, from the first edition on Monday 3 March 1969 through to the end of that tumultuous year.
As I browse, so many memories!
Childhood ones of course as I was barely 11 years old when Franco cruelly cut us off from the wider world, far too young to understand how momentous the events of 1969 were. Not just the frontier. We also got a new, modern Constitution and saw Sir Joshua Hassan toppled for the first and only time as Gibraltar’s political supremo. Although he obtained 1,500 votes more in that year’s general election than his Integration With Britain Party rival, Major ‘Bob’ Peliza, he was unable to form a government and had to settle – briefly – for the role of leader of the opposition.
Naturally I was only vaguely aware of all of this. Instead, what I do remember well from reading the Evening Post as a boy are the everyday things. They may be banned today but eye-catching, page-dominating cigarette advertisements were all the rage 50 years ago and must have tempted more than a few to sample the vile weed.
Long-gone eateries also did their best to seduce. Take this example from a newly-opened Lotus House in Main Street: “Her desire is that you should be satisfied for her only wish is to satiate your Chinese appetite”. Meanwhile Le Coq d’Or at 4 Cornwall’s Parade offered, “Fresh large prawns served to suit your individual taste”. And you could get a four-course meal at the Casino Royale Restaurant for 25 shillings: £1.25 in today’s money.
What brought back the most vivid memories of all, though, was the Post’s coverage of everything to do with the Football Pools. Younger readers may not even be familiar with the term but back in the 1960s people dreamt of getting rich by “doing the pools”. Sure, the government lottery already existed but the first prize was just £3,000: a tidy sum but hardly a fortune. On the other hand, for a modest stake the pools held out the tantalising prospect of winning hundreds of thousands of pounds.
There were numerous ways of playing, but if you wanted a chance of hitting the jackpot you had to correctly forecast eight score-draws from (usually) the English and Scottish professional league matches. (During the close-season summer months Australian league fixtures would be used). Pools agents would drop off a coupon at your home at the beginning of the week and collect it a few days later, together with your stake, after you’d filled it in with an ‘X’ for every match you selected. You then waited expectantly for Saturday evening to listen to the football results on the radio (no live matches on TV then), jotting them down on your coupon as you did so. Unlike nowadays, when games are stretched out sometimes from Friday to Monday, all matches were held on Saturdays with the same kick-off time.
Now in those pre-FM days, radio broadcasts were plagued with crackle resulting in many a score being missed by punters. And that’s where the Evening Post came in. The Saturday edition was eagerly awaited, as it would publish a pools coupon replica with all the results neatly filled in. My dad would methodically check his own completed results against the newspaper’s hoping, I expect, that those he hadn’t heard properly had ended in a score draw, edging him closer to that coveted “first dividend”. Needless to say it never happened.
The Post’s pools-related coverage wasn’t limited to Saturdays either. Midweek it published the next match-day fixtures, suggesting its own tips, and announced the dividend forecast from the previous Saturday’s results. Ads by the major pools companies – Littlewoods and Vernons, Zetters and Copes – added to the mystique, with intricate explanations of their “plans” and “perms”. It was all fascinating stuff for a young adolescent getting his first glimpses of the adult world, and I have the Gibraltar Evening Post to thank for it.
Author gibstevePosted on 7th May 2019 Leave a comment on The Pools and the Post
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25 YEAR CLUB: FD3S Mazda RX-7
Posted on December 28, 2016 by Dave Yuan
Here we are at the end of 2016, twenty-five years since 1991. Think back, what do you remember of MCMXCI? The Gulf War? The end of the Bubble Era? Many of us remember the year quite fondly because it represented a kind of Cambrian explosion of JNCs. A vast array of automotive marvels replete with technological wonders and stunning designs emerged from Japan during that time. Among these was one car that many quipped to be destined for classic status from the beginning: the third-generation Mazda RX-7. This is how that car came to be.
The Lineage
The third-generation RX-7, along with the Eunos Cosmo, were the ultimate development of two long-running lineages at Mazda. In a way, both cars are direct descendants of the Cosmo Sport, Mazda’s first rotary production car and the world’s first car powered by a two-rotor rotary engine, with the Eunos Cosmo bearing its name and the RX-7 bearing its pure sports car form.
Though the RX-7 first appeared in 1978, it has some parentage in the Savanna, which was the RX-3’s name in Japan. The first two generations of the RX-7’s full name was “Savanna RX-7” in the home market, and also inherited the Savanna RX-3’s racing duties.
Curiously, the original RX-7 came to be partly as a result of the oil crisis of 1973. After the Cosmo Sport debuted in 1967, Mazda quickly extended the rotary offering into the rest of its lineup. Beginning with the common Familia and the aristocratic Luce Rotary Coupé, the rotary engine was an option on nearly every Mazda model by the mid-1970s. Even the Chantez kei car was developed with the rotary in mind, though the planned single-rotor engine never made it to production.
While such extensive rotary infiltration may be what JNCers and Mazdafarians daydream about, the oil crisis of 1973 spelled sales trouble for the lineup, as rotaries were not exactly miserly with fuel. Those who lived through the ordeal recall mint Familia Rotarys being common at salvage yards in Japan back then.
Faced with this potentially devastating predicament, Mazda took up two acts in response. The first was self-preservation through efficient economy cars such as the Mizer and GLC. The second act was a feat of outright heroism and ingenuity.
The rotary engine was deeply lodged in Mazda’s culture and spirit. It was and is a point of pride and a passion not easily relinquished. As such, Mazda was unwilling to turn its back on its engineering centerpiece. They worked hard on fuel economy and emissions cleanliness, but it was hard to counter the objective reality of development lag and even harder to change public perception.
The rotary engine, however, was perfect for a sports car. Its small dimensions would benefit both weight distribution and design, while its high-revving nature suited a lightweight canyon carver. And it had racing pedigree to boot. In the face of the oil crisis, then, a specialty sports car was Mazda’s answer to keeping the rotary engine alive.
If this were all dramatized by Hollywood, then about this time someone would be shouting, “It’s so crazy it just might work!” It was, and it did. Mazda had in fact been contemplating a rotary sports car for some time, and the proposal that carried forward was a lightweight compact sports car. The eventual Project X605 became the SA22C Savanna RX-7.
Unveiled in 1978 in Japan, it was an immediate hit with enthusiasts and the buying public alike, much like the S30 Z. It quickly launched into the competition arena to continue the rotary’s racing legacy, winning its class at the 24 Hours of Daytona at debut and Spa 24 Hours three years later. It would become the winningest model in IMSA racing history and launch a sports car legend. Not bad, or perhaps just what you’d expect, for a car borne from such challenging times.
The Progression
The first-generation RX-7 was a sports car sensation, but it was also a rather basic car. Penned by Matasaburo Maeda (father of Ikuo Maeda, Mazda’s current global design chief), it was clothed in innovative lines, but underneath it housed basic components such as a live-axle rear suspension. Indeed, this simplicity was part of its magic, but the competition, especially from other Japanese companies, was heating up by the mid-1980s. Thus the second-generation car, the FC3S, was to be much more sophisticated.
Debuted at the 1985 Tokyo Motor Show, the new RX-7 was larger, wrapped in a more mature design and loaded with contemporary technology. The suspension was now independent all around and featured two advanced developments. The first was the Dynamic Tracking Suspension System that used a combination of suspension geometry and special bushings to produce passive rear wheel steering. The second was the optional Auto-Adjusting Suspension with electronically adjustable dampers with three levels of firmness.
The engine now featured fuel injection — previewed on the first generation GSL-SE — with a six-port induction naturally aspirated version and an intercooled version with twin-scroll turbocharger. Even the pop-up headlights were trick, with a parallelogram mechanism that moves them vertically and allows them to function through the small windows in the bumper when lowered.
Being larger and more civilized than the SA22C, the FC outclassed its predecessor. Its performance and development enabled it to easily keep up with contemporary sports cars. In 1986, Takaharu “Koby” Kobayakawa became the RX-7’s program manager. Koby-san was one of the famed “47 Samurai” during the rotary engine’s development and one of the engineers who worked on the Cosmo Sport racing program at Marathon de la Route.
Under Koby-san’s reign came the Infini models, a series of four limited edition high performance “driving specials” in the home market, all of which were two-seater, manual transmission cars notable for suspension improvements. The goal was to sharply focus the sports driving side of the model through evolutionary development and to help develop the next generation car.
The Infinis were effectively previews of the third generation RX-7 as Koby-san pushed to extract further performance and dynamic improvements with each iteration. They were hard core sports cars, canvases for Koby’s vision and brilliance to shine through. An example of the final version, Infini IV, was sent to the US and tested by Road & Track in 1991. Their reaction: “Through the years, we’ve seen sports cars grow larger, softer, and heavier, which makes Mazda’s reversal of the trend even more exciting. Let’s hope that this Japanese-market Infini’s chassis is truly representative of the new generation’s.”
The Sports Car Marvel
Development of the third generation RX-7 began in late 1986 under Koby’s direction. By this time, the upcoming MX-5 Miata was already expected to occupy the lightweight and affordable sports car niche, thus clearing the way for the RX-7 to climb up the performance ladder as a specialty sports car. Members of Koby’s team included key people such as Takao Kijima and Nobuhiro Yamamoto — all three of whom would play important roles in the 787B’s Le Mans victory in 1991. Kijima would later lead the RX-7’s evolution and the NB and NC Miatas’ development, while Yamamoto would become the ND’s program manager.
Koby-san led a focused team with a clear vision for the new RX-7: a high-performance lightweight pure sports car with little compromise. This included a weight reduction program dubbed Operation Z. Effectively, all parts, components, and production methods were meticulously scrutinized to minimize weight, ultimately shaving close to 250 pounds from the final car.
A power increase was in store in conjunction with weight reduction, and the new RX-7 was to adopt a sequential twin-turbo rotary engine like the upcoming Eunos Cosmo. The Cosmo was to have two- and three-rotor options, the 13B- and 20B-REW, but Koby-san rejected the three-rotor for the FD as it would have necessitated, optimally, a larger car.
The two-rotor for the RX-7, however, was not just the Cosmo’s 13B-REW with software changes. To suit sports car rather than grand tourer driving (i.e., frequent and sustained higher revs), the RX-7’s 13B-REW had different casting for the rotor housing as well as larger and faster-spinning turbochargers. The result was a higher output and redline for the RX-7’s engine.
On the chassis, the new RX-7 employed double wishbones at all four corners. Ventilated disc brakes were used all around as well, and the Power Plant Frame that debuted on the NA Miata — essentially a rigid backbone that connects the drivetrain to differential — greatly improved structural integrity. The new car weighed in around 2800 pounds with an ideal 50:50 weight distribution.
In terms of styling, Mazda turned to four design centers around the world for an in-house competition: Hiroshima, Yokohama, Irvine, and Worthing (UK; International Automotive Design, as construction of Mazda’s design center near Frankfurt was still underway then). Proposals were submitted from all teams with different design interpretations of a flagship sports car under the directions of chief designer Yoichi Sato. The two finalists chosen were from Hiroshima and Irvine.
Curiously, the general theme of these two designs were somewhat opposite. The Hiroshima design was short-hood, long-tail, to evoke Mazda’s Le Mans prototype racers. Tom Matano, Mazda’s design chief at Irvine, anticipated this and decided to keep to the RX-7’s tradition of long-hood, short-tail. The eventual winning design came from Irvine and was developed by WuHuang Chin, an Art Center graduate. Further design work was a collaboration between Hiroshima and Irvine, resulting in one of the most timeless and beautiful sports car designs of all time.
The FD3S RX-7 debuted at the 1991 Tokyo Motor Show, on a revolving rotor-shaped platform no less. It was marketed under the ɛ̃fini brand, one of the two premium Mazda divisions created for the home market at the time. The Savanna name was no longer attached. Three trims were offered at debut: Type S was the base model, Type R the sports model, and Type X the fully-loaded luxury model. The FD made its way to the US the following year as a 1993 model similarly trimmed as the Japanese counterpart (Base, R1, and Touring).
The press gave immediate acclaim, as it was one of the few next-generation sports cars that brought down size and weight and dialed up on the pure sports car formula. The new RX-7 would go on to occupy Car and Driver’s Ten Best list every year it was sold in the US. Its dynamic, power, balance, and design were all points of excellence, though the R1 was deemed a bit too track-focused by some American journalists.
The FD found in its peers sports car luminaries — Z32 300ZX, NSX, Supra, R32 Skyline GT-R, 3000GT VR-4 — all of which would eventually fall prey to two man-made disasters: burst of the Japanese asset price bubble and the SUV craze. By the mid-90s, sports cars and coupes, especially those costing upwards of $40,000, struggled to find buyers in significant numbers. The FD lasted in the US a mere three years, with the final supply of 1995 model year cars not selling off until 1997.
The Evolution
Though it was pulled from the US market after 1995, the RX-7 did continue on in its home market for quite some time. Having become the RX-7’s program manager in 1992, Takao Kijima carried the torch of RX-7’s evolutionary development. Like Koby-san and the FC’s Infini series, Kijima developed the even more sports-focused Type RZ, the first of which debuted in 1992. It featured suspension upgrades including Showa shocks as well as special Pirelli tires, a different gearbox and drive ratios, and a pair of Recaro bucket seats. Notably, it was the only two-seater (as opposed to 2+2) Japanese model at the time.
Numerous other special editions appeared in Japan, some celebrating the FD’s racing success at Bathurst in Australia. Many of these were effectively minor trim and optional packages, while the first major change came in 1996. The 13B-REW saw a 10hp increase in output, while round elements appeared in the taillights. The spoiler was replaced by a new “whale tail” design, and minor changes were introduced for the interior.
The following year saw the Type RS-R in celebration of the rotary engine’s 30th anniversary, featuring some functional equipment from the Type RZ. The ɛ̃fini brand was shuttered after 1997, and the RX-7 was marketed as a Mazda again…now proudly wearing the new “flying M” emblem.
The biggest change, however, came in 1999 with FD’s most significant facelift and a prominent adjustable wing of new design. The engine’s output was brought up to 280 PS in the high output models, while the interior saw further refinement with modern safety features. The Type RZ made a return as a limited edition sports model, and the RX-7 soldiered on with a few more special editions and finished production in 2002 with the Spirit R series.
The FD3S RX-7 was always destined to become a classic. Its singularly focused purpose throughout development is lore in its own right, and it represents the pure ideals of the sports car as well as the logical progression of its own lineage. Few cars are so meticulously molded with such care, beauty, and integrity — one can easily see that it was exactly what its makers wanted. Though many are eager to opine on its mechanical intricacies, even more hold the FD to the highest regard and desire in their hearts. It has become a genuine legend.
Here in the US, this is made apparent by the value of these RX-7s, though that may also reflect diminishing numbers of an already rare car. More than ever, this is a car worth not just owning, but preserving, for it represents a rare instance when passionate carmakers pushed for and got their dream car out into the real world. At 25 years old, it is now an official Japanese nostalgic car, but the FD is a timeless piece of design and engineering. With the future of the rotary engine uncertain and hurtling towards autonomous and electric vehicles, the FD RX-7’s beauty and pure sports car ideals could very well make it the last of its kind.
Images courtesy of Mazda.
This post is filed under: 25 Year Club and
tagged: Efini, mazda, rotary engine, rx-7, RX-Vision, savanna.
15 Responses to 25 YEAR CLUB: FD3S Mazda RX-7
Cesariojpn said:
No mention of Initial D? That’s probably the first taste of the FD young enthusiasts had.
atx said:
Depends on the age group and interests. Many were shaped by Gran Turismo.
Mine was gran turismo never watched the show till I was alot older and was more about the ae86 inthough
Ant said:
Certainly the case for me – I’d been playing Gran Turismo for a decade before I’d heard of Initial D.
j_tso said:
I’d say there was more exposure from the Fast and the Furious, at least in the USA.
Pedro Catalão said:
In my case was when I played The Need For Speed (first version of the PC game) back in ’94… the yellow FD has been a favourite since then 🙂
CJP said:
I remember CAR magazine doing a twin test of a UK spec FD3S against a 968 back in 1992 and as a result have had a 2001 Type R Bathurst R for the last 3 years. No 25 year age restrictions in the UK. Other than a Racing Beat stainless exhaust, it is as it left the factory. A fantastic looking car and it puts a smile on my face every time I get behind the wheel.
Jacob Brown said:
Back when the FD was being developed on the Nurburgring, engineers were there alongside Nissan’s Skyline GT-R development team. Subsequently, said engineers felt inclined to make their car go around the track faster than the Nissan and didn’t stop until they did.
Timmyboyracer said:
Awesome write up on the FD, I love mine so much.
Mombonumber5rx7 said:
I love my rx7. Sadly they are getting harder and harder to come by. If your looking at investing in one of these beautiful vehicles don’t buy one thats been modded and especially don’t buy one that’s salvaged (lol even if they tell you it’s due to theft,lol it’s usually a lie…Plus it’s still salvaged) Also try to stick to the manual transmission.
Ryan said:
Although they ironed out most of the kinks by the end of the production run, Mazda never could get the bumpers to colour match very well! (yes, yes, I know, Plastics vs Metal, etc. etc.)
One of Mazda’s finest – such a good chassis. These cars are so enjoyable to drive even without the need for heavy tuning.
on December 28, 2016 at 10:44 pm
i would like to have fd chassis on my fc3s turbo 😀
Matt said:
At 25, even the FDs are now officially a Antiques. Having said that, my yellow FD still looks brand new, albeit a bit more aggressive with 17″ Fikse rims/275/40 tires….and it’s been lowered ~ 1 inch. People are always trying to get me to run it…very rarely I will if they become like a knat that needs to perhaps get swatted ;o) I enjoy having my sequential twin R1 as it’s a 10 sec car – I don’t get overpowered by newer cars that obviously the latest in various technologies. I do enjoy having the 5 Spd….I don’t think I’d buy a new car without a Manual – it engages you with the car unlike even the slickest Autos (ie Porsche PDK, etc). Go Rotary!
“It was and is a point of pride and a passion not easily relinquished. As such, Mazda was unwilling to turn its back on its engineering centerpiece.”
This, so much – by 1975 the Wankel had literally sunk NSU which held the patents and had been first bought out by and then disappeared into VW – technically the Ro80 held on until 1977 but everyone knew it was only a matter of time before it was dropped without replacement to expand Golf production capacity. GM – General Motors, then undisputed top dog of the industry, had walked away from its’ Wankel program without a single production rotary-powered car. Only Mazda had made it work, had realized any of the theoretical potential of it.
Tom Westmacott said:
Thanks for a great write-up on a great car.
It’s hard to put into words how fun the FD is to drive, how eagerly it turns in, the exquisite cornering balance that responds proportionally to every minute throttle input, the little inertia drift when you get too optimistic in high-speed curves, the way it sits down on its haunches and blasts up the next straight, kicking again as the rotary gets a second wind above 4,500 rpm and the second turbo chimes in.
Yes, it rolls and pitches somewhat, but that just means you have to work with the weight transfer to unlock its’ true talents – the low centre of gravity means it never lurches or loses its poise. The whole car is so willing, the engine devoid of any harshness that it just eggs you on to drive it harder, waiting for the buzzer to shift up, downshifting in a flare of revs, trail-braking into the apex. The way it needs you, the driver to be fully engaged in the drive separates it from cars that are merely objectively fast, and makes it a true sports car.
Every time I see mine outside my front door, I consider myself so lucky that a band of dedicated car-nuts got away with making such an uncompromised pure sports car, and that I am lucky enough to have one.
Leave a Reply to Pedro Catalão Cancel reply
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KATHRYN SCHORR IS AWESOME.
Kathryn Schorr began her professional career in the San Diego Reparatory Theater’s longest running production: “A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum”, directed by founder Sam Woodhouse.
Her singing and songwriting background led to the formation of her band “Kathryn Calling” and she moved to Los Angeles to promote her first album “Saturn Diaries’ co-produced with Grammy award winning guitar player/producer Jaime Kime. Still playing clubs with her band throughout Los Angeles, Kathryn was cast in her first national commercial and has appeared in dozens more including a “funniest commercial of the year winner” for Seattle’s Woodland Zoo, where while acting like a grizzly bear she ate a live trout from a fish tank. Ah, good times.
Kathryn studied comedy under Scott Sedita and later helped him develop and teach his “Eight Character of Comedy” on camera class and intensives with the amazing Todd Rohrbacher. During her time at Sedita’s Studios, the best selling book “The Eight Characters of Comedy” was published.
In 2008, Kathryn began doing stand-up, and can be seen performing her set at comedy clubs throughout Los Angeles include the world famous Comedy Store.
She is currently finishing her fifth screenplay, "Restoration Inc." a romantic comedy, as well as scripted sit-com about her life at the medical marijuana collective. She is also busy producing her non-scripted webshow, “Kathryn Schorr Man on the Street.”
(c) 2021 Kathryn Schorr. All rights reserved. Website by Letter Eye Media
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Memorial evening of Leonid Kadenyuk, the first cosmonaut of independent Ukraine
Friday, 16 March 2018 09:34
March 16, 2018 Professor Nadezhda Armash and Dmitry Bezzubov, professor of the Department of Economic, Air and Space Law of the Educational and Scientific Law Institute took part in the evening-requiem dedicated to the memory of Hero of Ukraine, the first cosmonaut of independent Ukraine Leonid Kadenyuk.
The event took place in the Column Hall of the Kyiv City State Administration with the participation of the Chairman of the State Space Agency of Ukraine Petra Degtyarenko, the Chairman of the Board of the Ukrainian Youth Aerospace Association Sozvezdie Oleg Petrov, the People's Deputy of Ukraine Sergey Taruta, close colleagues and friends of the famous cosmonaut.
Leonid Kadenyuk was trained for space flight in NASA on the US space shuttle as a payload specialist. In 1995, he joined the group of cosmonauts of the National Space Agency of Ukraine. From November 19 to December 5, 1997, made a space flight on the US Columbia Columbia (STS-87) space mission. He took part in the development and testing of aerospace systems, in their sketch and prototyping.
The memory of the outstanding cosmonaut, who has always entered the history of space exploration, will always live in the hearts of citizens of Ukraine. Future experts in the field of space law will adequately continue the development of Ukraine as a space power.
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College of Life and Environmental Sciences
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The University of Exeter is shortlisted in four categories in the THE Awards 2020
University of Exeter nominated for four “Oscars of higher education”
The University of Exeter has been nominated for four “Oscars of higher education” which honour the best teaching and research in the country.
The University is shortlisted in four categories in the THE Awards, which celebrate outstanding talent and performance across the higher education sector - Business School of the Year, Research Project of the Year: Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Technological or Digital Innovation of the Year and Research Project of the Year: STEM.
Professor Lisa Roberts, University of Exeter Vice Chancellor, said: “Our researchers and educators not only produce the highest quality research and student experience, but work to improve the lives of people around the world; we are thrilled that their contribution has been recognised. Congratulations to all those shortlisted.”
The University of Exeter Business School has been shortlisted for its commitment to finding sustainable ways of addressing the major challenges facing business and society through its research and teaching.
Professor David Allen, Dean of the Business School, said: “It is an honour to be nominated. THE recognition is a great support for us to continue working forward to find practical solutions to the climate and environmental emergency.”
Places of Poetry, run by Professor Andrew McRae, is nominated for Research Project of the Year: Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. The project inspired 3,200 writers to write poems about Britain’s diverse landscape, identity and heritage. People of all ages ‘pinned’ their verses onto a distinctive digital map. Railway stations, villages, coffee shops and supermarkets libraries all feature in the 7,500 pinned poems, available online for anyone to read. Public workshops were held at some of the country’s most spectacular places in summer 2019, from Hadrian’s Wall to The Oval, with renowned poets such as Jo Bell, Kayo Chingonyi and Zaffar Kunial giving guidance on writing and producing new work inspired by their Places of Poetry experience.
Professor McRae said: “I’m delighted that our project, by and for poets of England and Wales, has been recognized for its academic quality as well as its wide public appeal. Our map of poems provides thousands of fresh perspectives on the places people know and love, and the ways in which they understand their relationship to this country.”
The project Interactive Virtual Environments for Teaching and Assessment (InVEnTA) was nominated for Technological or Digital Innovation of the Year. Academics in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences have developed an extraordinary technological innovation which enables educators to easily create interactive virtual environments for a wide-range of teaching applications. One particularly useful application of the software given the current Covid-19 travel restrictions is in creating virtual 3D field trips to almost anywhere in the world. The latest 3D visualisation and gaming techniques are used to take students and researchers to remote environments from Africa to the Arctic Circle, without leaving the classroom. The project’s distributing partner is Learning On Screen
The project is led by Dr Steven Palmer, Senior Lecturer in Geography, who said: “Being shortlisted for this prestigious award couldn’t have happened at a better time as we will soon be making InVEnTA available for use by other universities and educational organisations. It’s great that THE have recognised the potential of the software for creating engaging learning experiences in a wide-variety of settings."
Academics nominated for Research Project of the Year: STEM have created tree-based agricultural systems that nourish the soil, improve cattle grazing and feed economically poor Brazilian smallholders in the Amazon "Arc of Deforestation". More than 60 hectares of land have been planted with legume trees from the diverse Inga genus, improving incomes and future prospects smallholder families. The project is also planting community seed orchards to solve the issue of availability of Inga seed (which cannot be stored) and supporting a microcredit finance scheme to assist smallholders.
Previous years have seen nominees gather for a gala reception in London, but this year the winners will be announced in a virtual ceremony on 26 November.
John Gill, THE editor, said that while this year’s awards “will differ from previous years, the purpose remains the same: to highlight and champion the very best of the talent and creativity that shines out from our universities”.
He added: “In 2020 more than ever, it is vital to recognise and shout about those achievements – and we have been gratified by the huge number of entries at a time when university staff had so many demands on their time.
“The shortlists are packed with the qualities that will carry UK higher education through this tumultuous period and on to even greater success.”
Read more University News
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The Goldingay Bible Clinic
John and Kathleen ponder the Bible with you
OT Introduction Resources
The Kathleen and John Show is for our friends and students who want to muse about life and the Bible along with us. We will give you a glimpse into our personal life– we have lots of fun—and we want everyone to READ THE BIBLE, for themselves, with an open mind, asking quality questions.
Kathleen Scott Goldingay is a retired architect who received her Masters of Theology from Fuller Theological Seminary in 2012. She writes novels, screenplays, and blogs. She has one grown daughter, Katie-Jay Scott Stauring, who with her husband Gabriel Stauring empower and connect us with global communities in crises through their NGO i-ACT.
Kathleen married Dr. John Goldingay, the David Allan Hubbard Professor of Old Testament at Fuller Theological Seminary, in 2010. At the time, John was also Priest-in-Charge of St. Barnabas Episcopal Church, Pasadena, California.
Since we moved back to Oxford, UK, in April 2018, John is emeritus in both these positions and is taking a well earned jubilee year! We have a new flat on the Castle Mill Stream, where we have retired to write.
John Goldingay studied theology at Oxford, has a PhD from the University of Nottingham and a DD from the Archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth. He was principal and professor of Old Testament and Hebrew at St. John’s Theological College in Nottingham, England before he moved to sunny California in 1997. John was married to Ann for 43 years and has two adult sons, Steven and Mark. Ann lived with MS for their entire marriage and passed away in 2009.
John says, “For me, being a professor was a subset of being a pastor.”
Kathleen and John often speak at Society of Biblical Literature Conferences. John is also a member of the Society for Old Testament Study, serves on the Task Force for Biblical Interpretation in the Anglican Communion, and the editorial board for the Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies.
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Bishop calls for 50% women in fed parly
Former deputy Liberal leader Julie Bishop says women need to take up 50 per cent of federal parliamentary seats before the toxic misogyny she witnessed during her 20-year political career ends.
Ms Bishop, who retired from politics at the 2018 election, told Andrew Denton on Seven’s Interview program on Tuesday night that with more women representatives, bad behaviour and misogyny would be called out.
She described as “grotesque in its brutality” and “pathetic” the sexualisation of Australia’s first female prime minister, Julia Gillard, during a 2013 Liberal Nationals party fundraising dinner in Queensland.
The former WA representative blamed her male colleagues for creating a culture that allowed a “Kentucky Fried” quail dish to be likened to the Labor leader as having “small breasts, huge thighs and a big red box”, The Daily Telegraph reports on Wednesday.
“We have to remember that in recent times, parliament was all male. And so you had a whole bunch of men in Canberra and they set the rules, they set the customs, the precedence and the environment. It was all men,” Ms Bishop said.
“There was very much that culture around politics, even though (Australians) were world-leading as the first to simultaneously grant women the right to vote and the right to stand for parliament … but that kind of behaviour’s just pathetic,” she said.
Ms Bishop said only with a greater number of female representatives would such misogyny and bad behaviour be called out.
“There must be a critical mass of women, and 50 per cent sounds like a good idea,” she said.
“So I would think that the more women that are in politics, the more they would say that behaviour is unacceptable. So I think the numbers really do matter in this instance.”
Categories: Business, Politics
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Home Speech Program Student Contests Sponsors Updates Contact
Honorary Chair Announced
Ambassador Andrew Young Jr. has agreed to serve as honorary chair for the 50th Anniversary Celebration of Martin Luther King Jr.’s March on Ballot Boxes Speech. Ambassador Young joined Dr. King on his visit to Kingstree in 1966 and was a valued member of Dr. King’s inner circle. Ambassador Young was an activist for the civil rights movement in the 1960s and later became a member of Congress, mayor of Atlanta and U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. The planning committee for this event is extremely honored and grateful for Ambassador Young’s willingness to serve as the event’s honorary chair. To learn more about Ambassador Young, visit the Andrew J. Young Foundation website.
Congressman Clyburn Recalls Speech
U.S. Congressman James Clyburn was a young man sitting in the crowd on the damp, rainy Mother’s Day in Kingstree in 1966. He was one of thousands who came to hear Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. share his message about the importance of a newfound right for African Americans – the right to vote! In Congressman Clyburn’s own words.
“My wife Emily and I were in attendance on that spring day in Kingstree, nearly 50 years ago, when Dr. King sounded his clarion call to “march to the ballot box.” We were inspired toward a lifetime of service and engagement. As we look back on that momentous occasion and reflect on Dr. King’s call, we must also look forward. The struggle for voting rights and voter engagement continues and each of us must do our part to take up Dr. King’s work and make it our own.”
Congressman Clyburn and his staff join the entire town of Kingstree, Williamsburg County and our planning committee in the excitement of this once-in-a-lifetime commemorative celebration.
Sponsorship Opportunities Available
Sponsorships are available for businesses, organizations and individuals interested in being a part of this commemorative celebration. With an anticipated attendance that mirrors or exceeds the original crowd in 1966 (5,000+), sponsors will have the opportunity to demonstrate their support of Dr. King’s message to his fellow Americans to “see the power” and use the rights and freedoms bestowed upon them to make a difference at the polls. Download our sponsorship packet for information on various levels and how you can get involved.
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A Title Insurance Underwriter’s View On Massachusetts Foreclosure Practice After The Ibanez Ruling
by Rich Vetstein on January 12, 2011
Guest Post By Harold Clark, Esq., New England Regional Counsel for Westcor Land Title Insurance Company.
On January 7, 2011, the Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) rendered its decision in the U.S. Bank v. Ibanez case. Before discussing the Court’s decision, here is a brief review of the procedural history of the case.
The Land Court’s decision in the Ibanez case and its two consolidated cases had created a conflict with the Massachusetts Real Estate Bar Association’s Title Standard #58 and its underlying rationale. Pursuant to the title standard, a title is not defective by reason of “The recording of an assignment of Mortgage executed either prior, or subsequent, to foreclosure where said Mortgage has been foreclosed, of record, by the Assignee.” In a nutshell, this means that if B forecloses a mortgage originally held by A, it is immaterial whether A’s assignment predates or postdates the foreclosure sale.
In Ibanez and in the other two companion cases-Rosario and Larace-the Land Court ruled on the validity of three different scenarios relating to the date of the assignment vis- a- vis the date of the first publication of the mortgagee’s sale of real estate/foreclose sale. In Rosario, the assignment was in existence and in recordable form (although not recorded) at the time of the first publication. In Larace, the assignment was dated after the date of first publication but had an “effective date” which predated the first publication. In Ibanez, the assignment was executed after the date of first publication.
At first blush, based on the Title Standard, it would appear that all three foreclosures were valid. Unfortunately, the Land Court disagreed. In fact, the Land Court found that only the Rosario foreclosure was valid. The Land Court held that G.L. c. 244, Section 14 must be given by the “holder of the mortgage.” Failure to do so renders the “sale void as a matter of law.” As a result, the foreclosures in Ibanez and Larace were invalidated since they did not comply with the statute. The Land Court held that it is not necessary to record the assignment prior to publishing but only that it be in existence and in recordable form at such time.
The plaintiffs filed a motion to vacate the judgment. On October 14, 2009, Judge Long rendered his decision which denied the plaintiff’s motion to vacate the judgment.
The Land Court noted that in each case the bank was the only bidder and bought back at a discount from appraised value which wiped out the defendants’ equity and created a deficiency. The foreclosing mortgagees could not get title insurance. The plaintiffs suggested that there were documents that would demonstrate that pre-notice and pre-foreclosure assignments existed. The Land Court granted the plaintiffs leave to produce such documents provided they were in the form they were in at the time the foreclosure sale was noticed and conducted. The plaintiffs produced the notes and assignments in blank which are not suitable for recording since there is no assignee listed. The Land Court found that the plaintiffs’ own securitization documents showed that such assignments were required. With all available files, it took 10 months in one of the cases and 14 in the other to obtain the assignments in recordable form. Such a burden should not fall on the high bidder at the foreclosure sale. “A bidder does not expect to purchase the right to a potential lawsuit, which only entitle him or her to actually obtain the property if such lawsuit is successful.”
The plaintiffs argued that they followed “industry standards and practice.” The Land Court said that if this is true, they should seek a change in the law.
The SJC granted direct appellate review and affirmed the Land Court’s judgment. The SJC held that “We agree with the judge that the plaintiffs, who were not the original mortgagees, failed to make the required showing that they were the holders of the mortgages at the time of foreclosure. As a result, they did not demonstrate that the foreclosure sales were valid to convey title to the subject properties, and their requests for a declaration of clear title were properly denied.”
The plaintiffs had the burden of proving the validity of their foreclosures. Since Massachusetts is a non-judicial foreclosure state, there must be strict compliance with the terms of the statutory power of sale. The Court noted that only “the mortgagee or his executors, administrators, successors or assigns” can exercise the statutory power of sale.
Unlike the Land Court, however, the Court continued:
“We do not suggest that an assignment must be in recordable form at the time of the notice of sale or the subsequent foreclosure sale, although recording is likely the better practice. Where a pool of mortgages is assigned to a securitized trust, the executed agreement that assigns the pool of mortgages, with a schedule of the pooled mortgage loans that clearly and specifically identifies the mortgage at issue as among those assigned, may suffice to establish the trustee as the mortgage holder. However, there must be proof that the assignment was made by a party that itself held the mortgage.”
The Court ruled that possession of the note does not allow the holder to foreclose.
“In Massachusetts, where a note has been assigned but there is no written assignment of the mortgage underlying the note, the assignment of the note does not carry with it the assignment of the mortgage. Rather, the holder of the mortgage holds the mortgage in trust for the purchaser of the note, who has an equitable right to obtain an assignment of the mortgage, which may be accomplished by filing an action in court and obtaining an equitable order of assignment.”
The Court stated that “the mortgages securing these notes are still legal title to someone’s home or farm and must be treated as such.”
The Court was not persuaded that post-foreclosure assignments were valid pursuant to REBA Title Standard No. 58 and industry practice. The Court found that such “reliance is misplaced because this proposition is contrary to…G.L. c.244, Section 14.”
The Court rejected the warning in REBA’s amicus brief that “If the rule as announced in these decisions is not limited to prospective application, inequitable results that will cause hardship and injustice are inevitable, and will likely be widespread.”
The Court noted that its rulings are prospective only if they make a “significant change in the common law.” Such was not the case here where the law was well settled. “All that has changed is the plaintiffs’ apparent failure to abide by those principles and requirements in the rush to sell mortgage-backed securities.” In a concurring opinion, this was referred to as “the utter carelessness with which the plaintiff banks documented the titles of their assets.”
As Judge Long had suggested in his decision, perhaps it is time to change the law. Since the SJC began its discussion by noting that “Massachusetts does not require a mortgage holder to obtain judicial authorization to foreclose on a mortgaged property,” and reading between the lines, one solution would be for Massachusetts to adopt judicial foreclosures. Another possibility would be to return to the earlier practice in which the Land Court/Superior Court would review and approve in writing the foreclosure documents prior to recording. Perhaps the easiest solution would be to require the plaintiff in its Complaint to Foreclose Mortgage to cite the recording information for the assignment(s) by which it became the holder rather than simply to state “Your plaintiff is the assignee and holder of a mortgage.” If the assignments did not exist, the complaint could not be filed.
I think that the problem in Ibanez is that US Bank laid out the chain of title to the mortgages on the record but then could not document the supposed assignments into it. Justice Cordy referred to this as utter carelessness. Therefore, I don’t think that reforeclosure is possible since US Bank can’t show that it was either then or now the holder.
In general, I believe that you can reforeclose under the theory that since the original foreclosure was invalid, the power of sale was never exercised.
The case stands for the proposition that the foreclosing lender must be the holder of the mortgage at the time of foreclosure. The SJC said that this is well established law and that reliance on REBA Title Standard No. 58 is misplaced as it is contrary to the law.
It will be interesting to see how “widespread” the SJC’s decision becomes.
If you would like to discuss this or any other issue, please contact me directly via email.
Harold Clarke, Esq.
New England Regional Counsel, Westcor Land Title Insurance Co.
Land Court Dismisses Foreclosure Challenge Under New Title Clearing Act
Appeals Court Upholds MERS Mortgage Assignment System
Act Clearing Titles To Foreclosed Properties Now Effective
Foreclosure Title Clearance Bill Signed Into Law
Title Insurance Companies Balk At Insuring Foreclosed Properties
Tagged as: Massachusetts Ibanez ruling, title insurance and Ibanez ruling, Westcor Title Insurance
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Wetlands, Swamps and Buffer Zones: A Primer on Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Law
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Home / New Music and Video / Interviews and Features / JOHN WHORISKEY, JR. on making it in a DIY world
JOHN WHORISKEY, JR. on making it in a DIY world
By Derek Burns on September 6, 2018
John Whoriskey, Jr., or “Johnny” of Bright EYED Music, is back, three years later and still double fisting artistic vision with DIY representation. Following time teleporting back and forth from LA to NY to his home state of MA, this time around Johnny lends insight into pushing outreach in an increasingly saturated, social-media/streaming dominated industry. Among other perspectives, Whoriskey Jr. shares his secret ingredient to staying true to himself while reaching a wider audience, stresses a need to approach DIY recording and representation from all sides at once, and keeping the fun in the grind.
His latest EP release, Nothing Lasts Forever, was released in a single format over the course of several weeks by way of a new Bright EYED video series called Ice Cream Sundays, which drops regularly on YouTube. Performer had the pleasure of linking back up with the singer/songwriter to discuss new tracks, an evolving sound and identity from rapper to singer.
Your new record differs from the last EP in terms of sound, but also has a clear link in content. What decisions went into the shift?
I just think that I wanted to be more known as a singer than as a rapper. And I try to steer people away from saying, ‘Oh, this is rap music,’ because — yeah, I can rap, and the flows have a kinda urban sound to it, but…I just want to sing more. Especially with this project being sadder and more serious, I wanted it to be more melodic and be able to try to push my range a bit more.
Could you detail the recording approach?
[I’d] moved to LA, had a really strong feeling I wanted to just get in the studio and make music, and I thought like, just doing that and really focusing on it, getting out there and making the music, was gonna be a fucking homerun. You know?
It’s really helped me find my footing as an artist. Now, it wasn’t my hit EP, but it was one that really helped me get to know that I can do this, that I can make the music I want to make. Now I’m like, ‘just keep going.’ But [in] L.A., I was only focused on music. I didn’t have a day job, had some money saved up. I moved out there, lived with a friend. The room I stayed in didn’t really have a door. But it was awesome, I loved it there. I had so many friends, so much support there. There was so much music being made there, written there. It really inspired me to work hard.
So, I was in the studio a bunch, and cut a [lot] of vocals and really got the core of my project and then I had to move back to NY. So, I moved back and auditioned for this show — and they liked me, but they ended up chopping the show. So that was a letdown. I had another A&R I was talking to — thought that was going to pan out. That totally fell apart. Went to the studio, worked in two studios in NY: this place called The Brewery, where I basically did the mixing and mastering for “Right Now” — that’s in East Bushwick — and there’s the main studio I work out of called Shifted Recordings. Those guys are just starting out, and I was just trying to get in there with them early, and, you know, a lot of them are from Boston. My engineer is from Medford, so we hit it off. So, I worked there to get a bunch of different sessions.
The lyrical content is [on the new release] is earnest — uprooting and re-uprooting; heartache and break; a distinctive catch me if you can mentality — and pays homage to previous tracks but is more specific. Tell us how you feel about that appraisal.
I mean yeah, I got my heart run over. By a Hummer, H2. But it wasn’t a “fuck my ex-girlfriend” project. It wasn’t that at all.
Just talking about the ways you’re hurting and making sense of it? Sounds like R&B.
Exactly. And for the relationship stuff, I’m at fault too. I’m not here to talk shit about people from my past to bury them, I’m just here to tell you how I feel…
How does that writing style and your navigation of DIY promotion mash up?
I think that it’s hard to look around and see all these musicians, artists, who have made it so young, and [not] feel like I’ve been going at it for a while now. Especially doing it on my own. As a male pop/R&B artist, it’s statistically one of the hardest acts to break. If you get told ‘no’ day after day after day, you’re going to feel like shit about it at some point. I know what it takes, I just wish it didn’t take so long. You keep hitting base hits until you get that homerun.
Best thing about the music business is that it’s so much more accessible than back in the day. Anyone can make music straight out the bedroom and make it. That’s also the worst thing about it. I don’t wanna sit here and make it out like the industry is against me; it’s against everybody … [but] in the long run, it’s made me a better independent artist. Ok you want me to get these Spotify streams up, how do I do that? You can’t just hit up the guy who curates New Music Friday. There are a lot of companies that will present your song to the different playlist curators.
Instagram has been the platform that’s most helpful for me — where I feel like I get the most feedback — [but] I don’t even have my Instagram notifications push anymore. I don’t wanna see that. I’m refreshing enough as it is … I’ve become a fucking foodie. [Laughs] I’m a YouTuber. Inadvertently.
And with that, let’s plug Ice Cream Sundays!
My parents had an ice cream place when I was growing up, called Country Whip. I worked there in high school, and I had this idea a few years ago. It was around the same time as “Good Fridays.” I was infatuated with this idea of releasing something every week and having it be serial. One of the things I was reading said that the best way to give yourself potential is by doing something more than the release. Ice Cream Sundays was that I would release a new song every single week, instead of releasing the whole project at once, and I’ll have visual content from all the Ice Cream places, and the songs, and anything else I’m releasing. I planned the release so it would be the week after, and we dropped a documentary about the making of the project. Now I can just drop whatever I want and just do an Ice Cream Sunday. The thing is ongoing until I feel like not doing it anymore, you know?
Where is Bright EYED Music headed next?
I want to make hit-sounding sounds and just keep hitting them with it. I wanna make so many good songs, they just can’t ignore it. With so many flavors, familiar and strange, who could?
Find Johnny’s new record, Nothing Is Forever, streaming on Spotify and Apple Music, and don’t hesitate to tap over to YouTube for regular Ice Cream Sunday updates — a look inside Johnny’s creative process, and so much of that frozen deliciousness — cone, cup, straw, soft serve, or the hard stuff.
Follow John on Twitter @listentojohnny_
photos by Benny B Stoll
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pdf pills composition
Book reviewkararogersout of nature. why drugs from plants matter to the future of humanity2012university of arizona presstucson216 pp., 8 b&w illustrations, bibliography index. 6.00 in x 9.00 in/isbn 978-0-8165-2969-8 (pb) us $ 19.95michaelheinrich⁎[email protected] for pharmacognosy and phytotherapy, ucl school of pharmacy, university of london, 29–39 brunswick sq., london wc1n 1ax, uk
Out of Nature. Why Drugs from Plants Matter to the Future of the ‘downstream’ aspects of drug development are not covered, Humanity, Kara Rogers. University of Arizona Press, Tucson but it is about what examples exist that allow us humans to use 2012, 216 pp., 8 b&w illustrations, bibliography index. 6.00 in nature. In several of the cases she discusses a more detailed x 9.00 in/ISBN: 978-0-8165-2969-8 (pb) US $ 19.95 analysis would have been useful and would have provided a muchstronger argument for her case. For example, she discusses the We must reconnect with nature, with the world that ulti- failed development of Hoodia. spp. into a medicine for use in mately defines our existence and produces our foods and obesity or diabetes (pp. 148–149), but does not address the complexity its development. It was first developed into a poten-tial medicine (a ‘drug’) and later into a food supplement (i.e. with In the field of biodiversity research and ethnopharmacol- a much weaker or no medical claim). Ultimately, projects to ogy few if any will have doubts about this statement by the develop it into a new food supplement were halted, mostly freelance science writer and senior editor of biomedical because of concerns in terms of safety ).
sciences at Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. We humans not Similarly, one could have incorporated some of the more success- only depend on plants and other elements of the environment ful recent examples of drug discovery like peplin or galanthamine for our daily lives (, but these also offer a diverse set of resources used as food, for building up our environment, One of her key arguments centres on the exciting concept of and as it is most widely studied, as medicines. While all these biophilia or in other words the innate human attraction to life examples highlight the empirical importance of plants ( in the natural world. She argues that in order to reconnect to nature we need to reawaken this drive and that this will be an elements of life and death, a topic which has been a long- essential basis for conservation efforts and developing new standing element in a wide range of academic disciplines (e.g.
drugs. This is a fascinating point and certainly one well worth supporting. However, how was it possible that ‘we’ discon- As is evident from the quote at the beginning K Rogers’ nected to nature and in fact, who did (and who did not) emphasis is on the broader science-based links and certainly less disconnect? Again, as an ethnopharmacologist one could have on local and traditional forms of connecting with nature. In this easy to read and very well argued book she explores the It certainly is less of a book for an advanced (and enclosed) ‘‘Western’’ societies’ relationship with the environment (or nat- scholarly debate, but one would certainly hope that many ure) and the relevance of plant-based natural products to drug decision makers in industry, the societies of the world and politics discovery. This not seen in isolation but linked to the threats engage with such a science-based analysis. It also is certainly associated with the loss of biodiversity.
useful in some undergraduate courses providing examples for Using stories about drug development from natural sources how to make use of biodiversity and on what strategies are she discusses a wide range of biological and environmental needed in order to achieve this. In her style she is very personal and well as pharmacological topics. In a quote on the back and engaging, and the use of stories makes the topics very cover Mark Merlin links the book to ‘‘ethnobotanical aspects accessible. Her dedication to the topic is also shown by her of people-landscape and people plant species relationships’’.
beautiful drawings of plants and maps which illustrate some of However, this is exactly what the book is not about and her key points. However, at the same time this personal style is as such this statement is misleading. It is much more about also a limitation. Telling such stories does not as such provide how humans in Western societies have made use of plants to strategies to overcome these huge problems, and as such the book develop medicines and not about the interdependence of is a call but not a plan for action.
humans and plants especially in local and traditional societies, which remains the key focus of ethnobotany. The book covers many of the core themes discussed today including the responsibilities arising from the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) and subsequent treaties. The book is not Blom, W.A.M., Abrahamse, S.L., Bradford, R., Duchateau, G.S.M.J.E., Theis, W., Orsi, about ‘ready to use’ recipes on how to protect biodiversity, but A., Ward, C.L., Mela, D.J., 2011. Effects of 15-d repeated consumption of Hoodia about the ‘why’. Today ‘nature’ – the communities of plants, gordonii purified extract on safety, ad libitum energy intake, and body weight animals and microorganisms – does not sit in an economic in healthy, overweight women: a randomized controlled trial. The AmericanJournal of Clinical Nutrition 94, 1171–1181.
and political vacuum, but are essential for determining what Etkin, N., 1988. Ethnopharmacology: biobehavioral approaches in the anthropo- actions need to be taken to assess, monitor and conserve them logical study of indigenous medicines. Annual Review of Anthropology 17, Heinrich, M., 2010. Ethnopharmacology and drug development. In: Mander, L., Lui, Also, it is not about the ‘drug discovery pipeline’ as such but H.-W. (Eds.), Comprehensive Natural Products II Chemistry and Biology, Vol. 3.
about the importance of nature in this context. As such many of Book review / Journal of Ethnopharmacology ] (]]]]) ]]]–]]] Heinrich, M., Teoh, H.L., 2004. Galanthamine from snowdrop—the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer’s disease from local Caucasian knowledge.
Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92, 147–162.
UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, Heywood, V., 2011. Ethnopharmacology, food production, nutrition and biodiver- sity conservation: towards a sustainable future for indigenous peoples. Journal 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK Moerman, D.E., 1979. The anthropology of symbolic healing. Current Anthropology Ortiz de Montellano, B., 1975. Empirical Aztec medicine. Science 188, 215–220.
Source: http://www.nasw.org/users/kerogers/Images/ethnopharm_bookreview_outofnature.pdf
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Birth outside of marriage.qxd
4301 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 100, Washington, DC 20008 Phone 202-362-5580 Fax 202-362-5533 www.childtrends.org Births Outside of Marriage: Perceptions vs. Reality By Elizabeth Terry-Humen, M.P.P., Jennifer Manlove, Ph.D. and Kristin A. Moore, Ph.D. Births to unmarried women have risen substantially in recent decades. In 1970, the over- whelming majority of children in this country
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Sechin Confirms Interest in LUKoil Venezuela Stake
Oct. 04 2013 00:00
Rosneft may increase its exposure to oil in Venezuela, the world's top holder of crude oil reserves, by buying LUKoil's stake in a consortium, Rosneft's head Igor Sechin told reporters Thursday.
LUKoil, Russia's second biggest oil producer, has said it wants to sell its 20 percent stake in the Russian consortium helping to develop a large oil project in Venezuela because "it is not a high priority."
LUKoil has been increasing its upstream base by acquiring foreign projects because Russia's energy landscape is increasingly dominated by state-owned companies such as Rosneft and Gazprom.
"LUKoil has been actively engaged in upstream asset acquisitions, I cannot believe that such a resource base as that of Venezuela's is not of an interest," Sechin said.
"If we see an intention to sell, of course, we will hold talks and work on the possibility of increasing Rosneft's stake."
LUKoil is part of the Junin-6 consortium developing heavy oil in the Orinoco basin. The group is led by Rosneft and also includes Gazprom Neft.
The Junin-6 consortium owns a 40 percent stake in the project, which started production in September 2012, while Venezuela's state-run PDVSA has 60 percent.
Russian media have speculated that LUKoil's stake in the Russian consortium could be worth about $200 million.
Venezuela is the world's 11th largest crude exporter but foreign companies operating there have faced price controls and currency devaluations along with threats of nationalization, leading several to quit the country.
Other Russian companies, Surgutneftegaz and TNK-BP, which was bought by Rosneft for $55 billion earlier this year, have also decided to leave the consortium, citing a need to focus on domestic business.
Sechin said Thursday that LUKoil was yet to offer its stake in the consortium.
"When I see it, we will consider it," he said.
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