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Afghan National Army Territorial Force (ANA TF)
Name Afghan National Army Territorial Force (ANA TF)
Ethnic backgr.
Function/Grade Background
Afghan National Army Territorial Force (ANA TF) (quwat-ha-ye manteqawi urdu-e milli-ye afghanistan, also referred to in Persian as the ‘territorial army’ or urdu-e manteqawi) is a new local defence force currently being mobilised under the Ministry of Defence as part of the Afghan National Army (ANA). Each company (tolai) draws soldiers from a particular district but is led by officers from outside that district who are already serving in the regular ANA or who are in the ANA reserves. The aim is for the Territorial Force to eventually be 36,000 strong.
The ANA TF was authorised by presidential decree in February 2018. The initial aim was for a pilot phase in eight to ten locations and, after evaluation, for it to roll out to a phase 1 with as many as 48 districts (discussed below) and then a phase 2. President Ghani announced the establishment of the Territorial Force on 5 March 2018, recruitment was reported to have begun on 15 April 2018 and the training of the first 370 “cadets” at the Kabul Military Training Centre reported on 11 June 2018.
At first blush, the ANA TF and ALP models seem quite similar. Both are designed to mobilise men from a local community (neither recruit women, unlike the regular ANA and ANP) and develop them into a defensive, hold force. They are supposed to be auxiliary or adjunct forces only, with limited weaponry and a limited geographical remit permitting them to operate within their own communities. However, the ALP operates at village level, the ANA TF at district level; Territorial Force soldiers can be deployed anywhere within their district, making the force, it is hoped, less prone to very local capture.
One major change is that the ANA TF falls under Afghan National Army command rather than, as the ALP does, the Afghan National Police. The ANA has generally had far better command and control than the ANP with a more advanced (and functional) disciplinary and military
justice system, to which the ANA TF would be fully subject. The Ministry of Defense also has a better accountability record with donors than the Ministry of Interior and has been much better able to escape factional and criminal interests.
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Home>Opinion>Political Economy and Governance>Governance>Why an independent MACC matters
Why an independent MACC matters
GovernanceOpinionPolitical Economy and Governance admin|January 7, 2016
By Tricia Yeoh, Chief Operating Officer at IDEAS. First published in The Sun 7 January 2016
Image Credit: Free Malaysia Today
Over the last few months, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) has been one of the few government bodies undergoing tremendous pressure. Most recently, rumours circulated that its Chief Commissioner, Tan Sri Abu Kassim Mohamed might be replaced for health reasons, although this has since been denied by Tan Sri Abu Kassim himself.
This had initially raised some speculation, given that the MACC had just handed over its investigation papers to the Attorney-General’s Chambers on the RM2.6 billion donation to the prime minister’s personal bank account, and on the Finance Ministry’s wholly-owned subsidiary SRC International.
But if the rumour had turned out to be true, this should not in fact come as a shock. That the Prime Minister has sole discretionary powers to remove the head of a government agency is not too surprising; after all, the MACC is not really an independent body and still reports to the Prime Minister’s Department. I have also pointed out in an earlier column that much power is concentrated in the hands of this one man in the highest of positions, an unfortunately systemic problem we have inherited from previous administrations.
What is more disturbing is that the very institution tasked to unveil corruption is not in fact independent. One would have thought that such an entity must be given operational and financial independence in order to carry out its investigative duties in a neutral way, without fear or favour.
One only needs to recall the unceremonious manner in which the police targeted several MACC officers in August, when there were supposed information leaks related to the investigation into the 1MDB issue, as well as raids conducted on an MACC prosecutor’s office, with his documents taken away. Would all this have happened if the MACC were an independent institution?
Over the last year and a half, IDEAS, together with the Malaysian Bar and other civil society organisations like Transparency International and the Centre to Combat Corruption and Cronyism have worked to propose a complete revamp of the way in which the MACC is set up and runs.
A public campaign of this proposal was recently launched at a first public forum carried out in Kuching in December last year and support from the local Sarawakians. Sarawak, too, has seen its fair share of corruption scandals having gone unaddressed, most of which are related to logging contracts. The campaign will continue in other cities across Malaysia over the months to come.
The proposal is essentially to create a new Independent Anti-Corruption Commission that is constitutionally mandated, with its own hiring and firing abilities. The members of this new IACC would consist of at least 40 percent civil society and industry experts, whilst the rest come from public service. More importantly, members of the IACC ought to be voted in by Parliament.
In this new model, the MACC’s existing oversight bodies (namely the Consultation and Corruption Prevention Panel, Complaints Committee, Operations Review Panel and the Anti-Corruption Advisory Board) would be incorporated and absorbed into the IACC, whilst the Special Committee on Corruption would be retained and renamed as the Parliamentary Select Committee on Corruption.
What is most important is that the IACC will have an expanded role and function, which is in setting policy and direction in combatting corruption. A separate body, the Anti-Corruption Agency (which will report to the IACC), should be the actual body carrying out operational investigative work, and which will recommend whether to prosecute an individual or not.
Some may question whether or not it makes a difference even if the MACC (or the IACC, if this proposal is eventually taken up) is independent, since prosecutorial powers still lie with the Attorney-General’s Chambers. However, giving the MACC prosecutorial powers is not necessarily the solution.
In Malaysia, the Office of the AG is fused with that of the Office of the Public Prosecutor, which causes tension in the administration of duties and functions. The AG has sole discretion on whether or not to prosecute someone on a criminal case, which has direct conflict of interest with his role of Public Prosecutor, which is as legal adviser to the Cabinet. What would be more effective in the long run is a constitutional amendment to separate the two offices.
Many of these points are not new. Pushing for an independent Anti-Corruption Commission that reports instead to Parliament, and calling for the separation of the AG’s Chambers seem to be the most logical basic thing to do – in a country run according to the rule of law, that is.
Without an independent MACC, Malaysians can rest assured we will continue to have high-level corruption scandals go unaddressed, to the detriment of citizens whose tax-paying public funds pour out into other undeserving deep pockets.
Tricia Yeoh is the Chief Operating Officer at IDEAS
f our current and future leaders to advocate.
Tags:MACC, MACC reform
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Glimpsing the Land of the Rising Sun
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SB 378-1_ Filed 03/17/2005, 18:06
Adopted 3/17/2005
Adopted Rejected
Your Committee on Ways and Means , to which was referred Senate Bill 378 , has had the same under consideration and begs leave to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that said bill be amended as follows:
SOURCE: Page 1, line 3; (05)CR037801.1. --> Page 1, line 3, delete "The definitions in" and insert " The general assembly declares that the opportunity for the participation of underutilized small businesses, especially women and minority business enterprises, in the biodiesel and ethanol production industries is essential if social and economic parity is to be obtained by women and minority business persons and if the economy of Indiana is to be stimulated as contemplated by this section, IC 6-3.1-27, and IC 6-3.1-28. A recipient of a credit under this chapter is encouraged to purchase goods and services from underutilized small businesses, especially women and minority business enterprises.".
Page 1, delete line 4.
Page 1, line 5, before "used" begin a new paragraph and insert:
" (b) The definitions in IC 6-3.1-27 and IC 6-3.1-28 apply throughout this section. A term".
" (c) As used in this section, "minority" means a member of a minority group (as defined in IC 4-13-16.5-1).
(d) As used in this section, "minority business enterprise" has the meaning set forth in IC 4-13-16.5-1.
(e) As used in this section, "women's business enterprise" has the meaning set forth in IC 4-13-16.5-1.3.".
Page 1, line 13, delete "(b)" and insert " (f)".
Page 2, line 5, delete "(c)" and insert " (g)".
Page 2, line 17, delete "(d)" and insert " (h)".
Page 2, line 17, delete "(c)," and insert " (g),".
Page 2, line 34, delete "(e)" and insert " (i)".
Page 2, line 40, delete "(f)" and insert " (j)".
Page 3, line 17, delete "(g)" and insert " (k)".
Page 6, line 11, delete "IC 4-23-5.5-17." and insert " IC 5-28-6-3.".
Page 7, delete lines 24 through 42, begin a new paragraph and insert:
SOURCE: IC 6-3.1-29; (05)CR037801.15. --> "SECTION 15. IC 6-3.1-29 IS ADDED TO THE INDIANA CODE AS A NEW CHAPTER TO READ AS FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2006]:
Chapter 29. Coal Gasification Technology Investment Tax Credit
Sec. 1. The general assembly declares that the opportunity for the participation of underutilized small businesses, especially women and minority business enterprises, in the coal gasification industry is essential if social and economic parity is to be obtained by women and minority business persons and if the economy of Indiana is to be stimulated as contemplated by this chapter. A recipient of a credit under this chapter is encouraged to purchase goods and services from underutilized small businesses, especially women and minority business enterprises.
Sec. 2. As used in this chapter, "commission" refers to the Indiana utility regulatory commission.
Sec. 3. As used in this chapter, "corporation" refers to the Indiana economic development corporation established by IC 5-28-3-1.
Sec. 4. As used in this chapter, "department" refers to the department of state revenue.
Sec. 5. As used in this chapter, "Indiana coal" has the meaning
set forth in IC 4-4-30-4.
Sec. 6. As used in this chapter, "integrated coal gasification powerplant" means a facility that satisfies all the following requirements:
(1) The facility is located in Indiana and is a newly constructed energy generating plant.
(2) The facility converts coal into synthesis gas that can be used as a fuel to generate energy.
(3) The facility uses the synthesis gas as a fuel to generate electric energy.
(4) The facility is dedicated primarily to serving Indiana retail electric utility consumers.
Sec. 7. As used in this chapter, "minority" means a member of a minority group (as defined in IC 4-13-16.5-1.)
Sec. 8. As used in this section, "minority business enterprise" has the meaning set forth in IC 4-13-16.5-1.
Sec. 9. As used in this chapter, "pass through entity" means:
(1) a corporation that is exempt from the adjusted gross income tax under IC 6-3-2-2.8(2);
(2) a partnership;
(3) a limited liability company;
(4) a limited liability partnership;
(5) a corporation organized under IC 8-1-13; or
(6) a corporation organized under IC 23-17-1 that is an electric cooperative and that has at least one (1) member that is a corporation organized under IC 8-1-13.
Sec. 10. As used in this chapter, "qualified investment" means a taxpayer's expenditures for:
(1) all real and tangible personal property incorporated in and used as part of an integrated coal gasification powerplant; and
(2) transmission equipment and other real and personal property located at the site of an integrated coal gasification powerplant that is employed specifically to serve the integrated coal gasification powerplant.
Sec. 11. As used in this chapter, "state tax liability" means a taxpayer's total tax liability that is incurred under:
(1) IC 6-3-1 through IC 6-3-7 (the adjusted gross income tax);
(2) IC 6-5.5 (the financial institutions tax);
(3) IC 27-1-18-2 (the insurance premiums tax); and
(4) IC 6-2.3 (the utility receipts tax);
as computed after the application of the credits that under IC 6-3.1-1-2 are to be applied before the credit provided by this chapter.
Sec. 12. As used in this chapter, "taxpayer" means a person, a corporation, a partnership, or other entity that has any state tax liability.
Sec. 13. As used in this section, "women's business enterprise" has the meaning set forth in IC 4-13-16.5-1.3.
Sec. 14. (a) A taxpayer that:
(1) is awarded a tax credit under this chapter by the corporation; and
(2) complies with the conditions set forth in this chapter and the agreement entered into by the corporation and the taxpayer under this chapter;
is entitled to a credit against the taxpayer's state tax liability for a taxable year in which the taxpayer places into service an integrated coal gasification powerplant and for the taxable years provided in section 16 of this chapter.
(b) A tax credit awarded under this chapter must be applied against the taxpayer's state tax liability in the following order:
(1) Against the taxpayer's liability incurred under IC 6-3-1 through IC 6-3-7 (the adjusted gross income tax).
(2) Against the taxpayer's liability incurred under IC 6-5.5 (the financial institutions tax).
(3) Against the taxpayer's liability incurred under IC 27-1-18-2 (the insurance premiums tax).
(4) Against the taxpayer's liability incurred under IC 6-2.3 (the utility receipts tax).
Sec. 15. Subject to section 16 of this chapter, the amount of the credit to which a taxpayer is entitled is equal to the sum of the following:
(1) Ten percent (10%) of the taxpayer's qualified investment for the first five hundred million dollars ($500,000,000) invested.
(2) Five percent (5%) of the amount of the taxpayer's qualified investment that exceeds five hundred million dollars
($500,000,000).
Sec. 16. (a) A credit awarded under section 15 of this chapter must be taken in ten (10) annual installments, beginning with the year in which the taxpayer places into service an integrated coal gasification powerplant.
(b) The amount of an annual installment of the credit awarded under section 15 of this chapter is equal to the amount determined in the last of the following STEPS:
STEP ONE: Determine the lesser of:
(A) the credit amount determined under section 15 of this chapter, divided by ten (10); or
(B) the greater of:
(i) the taxpayer's total state tax liability for the taxable year, multiplied by twenty-five percent (25%); or
(ii) the taxpayer's liability for the utility receipts tax imposed under IC 6-2.3 for the taxable year.
STEP TWO: Multiply the STEP ONE amount by the percentage of Indiana coal used in the taxpayer's integrated coal gasification powerplant in the taxable year for which the annual installment of the credit is allowed.
(c) If the credit allowed by this chapter is available to a member of an affiliated group of corporations filing a consolidated return under IC 6-2.3-6-5 or IC 6-3-4-14, the credit shall be applied against the state tax liability of the affiliated group.
Sec. 17. A person that proposes to place a new integrated coal gasification powerplant into service may apply to the corporation before the taxpayer makes the qualified investment to enter into an agreement for a tax credit under this chapter. The corporation shall prescribe the form of the application.
Sec. 18. After receipt of an application, the corporation may enter into an agreement with the applicant for a credit under this chapter if the corporation determines that the taxpayer's proposed investment satisfies the requirements of this chapter.
Sec. 19. (a) The corporation shall enter into an agreement with an applicant that is awarded a credit under this chapter. The agreement must include all the following:
(1) A detailed description of the project that is the subject of the agreement.
(2) The first taxable year for which the credit may be claimed.
(3) The maximum tax credit amount that will be allowed for each taxable year.
(4) A requirement that the taxpayer shall maintain operations at the project location for at least ten (10) years during the term that the tax credit is available.
(5) A requirement that the taxpayer shall pay an average wage to its employees at the integrated coal gasification powerplant, other than highly compensated employees, in each taxable year that a tax credit is available that equals at least one hundred twenty-five percent (125%) of the average county wage in the county in which the integrated coal gasification powerplant is located.
(6) A requirement that the taxpayer will maintain during the term of the tax credit a total payroll paid to Indiana residents that is at least equal to the payroll level that existed before the qualified investment was made.
(7) A requirement that the taxpayer shall use Indiana coal at the taxpayer's integrated coal gasification powerplant.
(8) A requirement that the taxpayer obtain from the commission a determination under IC 8-1-8.5-2 that public convenience and necessity require, or will require, the construction of the taxpayer's integrated coal gasification powerplant.
(b) A taxpayer must comply with the terms of the agreement described in subsection (a) to receive an annual installment of the tax credit awarded under this chapter. The corporation shall annually determine whether the taxpayer is in compliance with the agreement. If the corporation determines that the taxpayer is in compliance, the corporation shall issue a certificate of compliance to the taxpayer.
Sec. 20. If a pass through entity does not have state tax liability against which the tax credit may be applied, a shareholder, partner, or member of the pass through entity is entitled to a tax credit equal to:
(1) the tax credit determined for the pass through entity for the taxable year; multiplied by
(2) in the case of a pass through entity described in:
(i) section 9(1), 9(2), 9(3), or 9(4) of this chapter, the percentage of the pass through entity's distributive income to which the shareholder, partner, or member is entitled; and
(ii) section 9(5) or 9(6) of this chapter, the relative percentage of the corporation's patronage dividends allocable to the member for the taxable year.
Sec. 21. To receive the credit awarded by this chapter, a taxpayer must claim the credit on the taxpayer's annual state tax return or returns in the manner prescribed by the department. The taxpayer shall submit to the department a copy of the commission's determination required under section 19 of this chapter, a copy of the taxpayer's certificate of compliance issued under section 19 of this chapter, and all information that the department determines is necessary for the calculation of the credit provided by this chapter.".
Delete pages 8 through 10.
SOURCE: Page 11, line 1; (05)CR037801.11. --> Page 11, delete lines 1 through 4.
Page 11, line 12, delete "IC 5-29-6-3," and insert " IC 5-28-6-3,".
Renumber all SECTIONS consecutively.
(Reference is to SB 378 as reprinted March 1, 2005.)
and when so amended that said bill do pass.
Representative Espich
CR037801/DI 92 2005
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2002 UD Vintage Moose Skowron
I am taking a break in my Brewers thread to pay tribute to Bill "Moose" Skowron. Moose passed away last Friday of congestive heart failure after a battle with lung cancer. Moose was the son of a Chicago garbage man. He was a two sport star at Purdue when the Yankees drafted him after his sophomore year. He was a 5 time all star first baseman for the Yankees from 1954-1962. He returned to his home town in 1964. Playing on the south side from 1964-1967. Moose has been a regular at White Sox games, fantasy camps, conventions and other events. He has been given the title of White Sox Ambassador since 1999. Although his greatest years were in a Yankees uniform he embodies the working class roots of his hometown. He will be missed.
at 9:14:00 AM 1 comment:
Labels: 2002 Upper Deck Vintage, Chicago White Sox, Horizontal Cards, Moose Skowron
1978 Hostess Paul Molitor
Milwaukee Brewers CTNW Fan Favorites #3
Paul Molitor was the runner up to Detroit's Lou Whitaker in the 1978 Rookie of the Year voting. As a rookie Molitor stole 30 of his 504 career bases. He would go on to play in 7 All Star games, win 4 Silver Slugger awards and a World Series MVP in his Hall of fame career.
For those of us who were kids in the mid to late '70s, We remember picking out our cereal by which ones had cards inserted in them. We also remember going through the all boxes of Hostess snacks. These were even better because the cards were on the outside so you could see who you were getting. They came in panels of 3 but you could also buy 2-packs of Twinkies with individual cards on them. But the individual Twinkies cards always had a huge grease stain on them. My brother and I would go through every box in the store trying to find the players we liked.
Labels: 1978 Hostess, CTNW Fan Favorites, Milwaukee Brewers, Paul Molitor
1981 Fleer Rollie Fingers
In 1981 Rollie Fingers became the 4th pitcher to win the MVP and Cy Young awards in the same season. Joining Don Newcombe, Sandy Koufax, and Bob Gibson. Also in 1981, Topps produced it's first separate set of Traded Cards. Not only was this the only set that included Fingers in a Brewers uniform during his MVP/Cy Young season, but it reinforced Topps status above the 1981 newcomers Donruss and Fleer.
The 1981 Topps Traded set was loaded with future Hall of Famers including Fingers, Fisk, Winfield, Morgan, Gaylord Perry, Sutton, Sutter and Blyleven as well as several stars of the day. Fleer would eventually follow suit in 1984 and Donruss in 1986.
at 11:20:00 AM 3 comments:
Labels: 1981 Fleer, CTNW Fan Favorites, Milwaukee Brewers, Rollie Fingers
1970 Topps Tommy Harper All Star
Here is a continuation on a theme of putting together 5 "Cards That Never Were" fan favorites from each team. These are not necessarily the 5 best players from the franchise. So as David Letterman used to say before Stupid Pet Tricks, "This is only an exhibition. This is not a competition. Please, no wagering."
Tommy Harper was the first player to represent the Milwaukee Brewers in the All Star game. He came in to run for Harmon Killebrew and was thrown out stealing second by Johnny Bench. He was also the first Brewer to join the 30/30 club and only the 5th player in the history of Major League Baseball. Joining Willie Mays, Hank Aaron, Bobby Bonds and Ken Williams of the 1922 St. Louis Browns.
The Seattle Pilots' move to Milwaukee was finalized just 6 days before opening day 1970. There were no Brewers cards anywhere in the 1970 Topps set. I was going to make a regular Topps 1970 Tommy Harper card on the Brewers but the thought of an All Star pinch-runner card struck me as more fun.
Labels: 1970 Topps, All Star Game, CTNW Fan Favorites, Milwaukee Brewers, Tommy Harper
1950 Royal Stars of Hockey Bill Barilko
A bit of a change up here but a good story. First on Saturday night the Chicago Blackhawks and the Phoenix Coyotes played their fifth consecutive overtime game in the Stanley Cup Playoffs. The last time 2 teams played 5 straight OT games in the Playoffs was 1951. The Toronto Maple Leafs beat the Montreal Canadiens 4 games to 1 on Bill Barilko's OT goal. Which also took place on April 21st.
This goal has become legend in Toronto. Bill Barilko and a friend took a private airplane to go fishing and never returned. The wreckage of the aircraft and the bodies of Barilko and his friend were not found until 1962. Which is the year the Maple Leafs finally won another Stanley Cup Championship. The Story is also the basis for a song by the Tragically Hip.
"Bill Barilko disappeared that summer,
he was on a fishing trip.
The last goal he ever scored won the Leafs the cup
They didn't win another until 1962,
the year he was discovered.
I stole this from a hockey card,
I kept tucked up under my fifty mission cap"
His goal was also immortalized on cardboard for the 1951-52 Parkhurst set.
And the card Tragically Hip "stole this from" was a 1991-92 Pro Set card.
Barilko never had a hockey card of him while he was still alive. In 1950 Royal Desserts made a limited number of cards on the back of their boxes. They were all of players from American teams.
Labels: 1950 Royal Stars, 1951-52 Parkhurst, 1991-92 Pro Set Hockey, Bill Barilko, The Tragically Hip, Toronto Maple Leafs, Video
2012 Heritage Philip Humber
If you haven't seen it yet, do yourself a favor and watch the bottom of the 9th. Awesome.
Labels: 2012 Heritage, Chicago White Sox, No Hitters, Perfect Games, Philip Humber
2006 Heritage Jerry Hairston Jr. 1999 Bowman Chrome Scott Hairston
Today I'm posting 2 "Cards That Never Were". A third generation of Major Leaguers. All three generations have ties to my hometown teams.
Scott Hairston was originally drafted by the Chicago White Sox in 1999 while at Central Arizona College but did not sign with the Sox. He would later be drafted and signed by the Diamondbacks in 2001. His older brother, Jerry Hairston Jr. spent 2005 and part of 2006 playing on the north side for the Cubs. Both of them are the sons of Jerry Hairston who played on the south side of town. Jerry played for the White Sox off and on from 1973-1989.
On the north side was his older brother, Johnny Hairston who played for what must be one of most popular 2nd place teams of all time. The 1969 Chicago Cubs. Johnny Hairston was the first second-generation African-American ball player in the Majors.
The patriarch of this baseball family is Sam Hairston. Sam spent most of his 50+ year career in baseball with the White Sox organization. He played briefly for the Major League club in 1952 but was a player, coach and scout for the White Sox minor league affiliates including the Colorado Springs Sky Sox and the Birmingham Barons. Sam Hairston was inducted into the Birmingham Baron's Hall of Fame in 2009, and the Colorado Springs Sports Hall of Fame in 2011.
Labels: 1952 Topps, 1969 Topps, 1981 Topps, 1999 Bowman Chrome, 2006 Heritage, Chicago Cubs, Chicago White Sox, Jerry Hairston Jr., Jerry Hairston Sr., Johnny Hairston, Sam Hairston, Scott Hairston
1969 Topps Johnny Hairston
Johnny Hairston was a career minor league catcher who came up for a "cup of coffee" with the 1969 Cubs. He was the first black second-generation player in the Major League. His father, Sam Hairston had a similarly brief career as a catcher on the south side of Chicago.
Labels: 1969 Topps, Chicago Cubs, Johnny Hairston
1952 Topps Sam Hairston
Sam Hairston was the second black player on the Chicago White Sox following Minnie Minoso. He had played for the Birmingham Black Barons and the Indianapolis Clowns where he won the American Negro League triple crown hitting .424 with 17 homers and 71 RBIs in 70 games. Hairston was one of 6 catchers on the 1951 White Sox. He would continue to play in the minors until 1960. In all he would spend more than 50 years in professional baseball as a player, coach and scout.
He is the father of former big leaguers Jerry and John Hairston and the grand father of New York Met outfielder Scott Hairston and L.A. Dodger utility player Jerry Hairston Jr.
Labels: 1952 Topps, Chicago White Sox, Sam Hairston
1981 Topps Jerry Hairston
In my last two posts, I wrote about baseball pensions. Here is another pension story about a well-liked player from a 3 generation Baseball family. Jerry Hairston was added to the White Sox roster in September of 1989 and 1990 so that he would get the full 10 year pension. At the same time, the Sox attempted to add another well-liked player, Minnie Minoso. This would have given Minoso the opportunity to play in his 6th decade. Unfortunately it was vetoed by the league.
Jerry Hairston played for the Sox from 1973-1977 when he was bought by the Pirates. He then played in the Mexican League where he was seen by Sox manager Tony Larussa and GM Roland Hemond during the 1981 strike. After the strike he was signed by the Sox.
Labels: 1981 Topps, Chicago White Sox, Jerry Hairston Sr.
1972 Topps Carmen Fanzone
In my last post, I wrote about the Braves helping Satchel Paige get his Pension. Carmen Fanzone is one of 847 players from 1947-1979 who didn't qualify for a pension. A player needed 5 years to get the minimum MLB pension up until 1969 then it dropped to 4 years. After 1980 it dropped to 43 games and only 1 game to qualify for health insurance, but none of it was retroactive. Carmen was 85 days short of 4 years.
Carmen Fanzone was a jazz trumpeter who once played the National Anthem before a game at Wrigley Field. He was a utility player and caught the last out in Milt Pappas's 1972 no hitter. He was cut by the Cubs following the 1974 season and was playing AAA ball in Hawaii in 1975 when he broke his ankle and ended his playing career. Fortunately he was able to catch on with Don Ho's band. Carmen has kept busy at Cubs Fantasy Camps and a musicians union rep in Los Angeles.
Labels: 1972 Topps, Carmen Fanzone, Chicago Cubs
1968 Topps Satchel Paige
I was surprised to come across this picture of Satchel Paige. I didn't know that he was on the Braves, so I did a little research and there is an interesting story involved with this.
In 1968 the owner of the Braves, William Bartholomay, hired Satchel as a Pitcher-Trainer-Coach. He didn't do any training, and he never pitched in the regular season because his eyesight had deteriorated that the Brave were afraid he would not be able to react to a come-backer. It was also said that he did most of his coaching from his rocking chair in Kansas City. The real reason he was there was right on his jersey. #65. The age when MLB retirement benefits kick in. At that time you needed 5 years of MLB duty to qualify and Paige was 158 days short.
"Satchel Paige is one of the greatest pitcher of all time. Baseball would be guilty of negligence should it not assure this legendary figure a place in the pension plan."
- William Bartholomay, Owner Atlanta Braves
Labels: 1968 Topps, Atlanta Braves, Satchel Paige
I never was a big fan of the 1985 set before. But looking at it now, I can see the appeal. It is a simple design and includes a nice team logo. Truth is an nice vintage Mickey Mantle photo can make almost any card look good. I think I better find a real nice photo for the 1986 card. Those are terrible.
Labels: 1985 Topps, Mickey Mantle, New York Yankees
1973 Topps Curt Blefary
Curt Blefary fielded right handed but hit from the left side of the plate, and he could hit with power. In order to keep that bat in the line up he was shuffled around the field. He felt that this shuffling led to his decline. He ended his MLB career in 1972 with the Padres. In 1973 he was picked up by the Braves but never left the minors. He passed away in 2001 and his ashes were scattered at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Memorial Stadium was last used by the Orioles in 1991 and last used by the Ravens in 1997. Memorial Stadium was in the process of being demolished when his family scattered his ashes.
Labels: 1973 Topps, Curt Blefary, Rookie of the Year, San Diego Padres
1975 Topps 1965 Rookies of the Year
The first thing that strikes me when I look at this card is "did I run spell-check?" The second is that the 1965 Rookies of the Year faced each other in the 1966 World Series. The Orioles swept the Dodgers in 4 games. Neither of these players were much of an impact. Lefebvre hit a solo home run in a 5-2 loss in game one. He had only one other hit in the series batting .167. Blefary had a hit in his first World Series at bat. It was a 2 out, bases empty single, he was stranded at first. He wouldn't get another hit in the series batting .077.
By 1973 both player would be out of the Major Leagues. Blefary would be playing in the minors for the Braves. Lefebvre would be in Japan playing for the Lotte Orions. He would become the first person to play on a team that won the American World Series and the Japanese World Series. He would also go on to manage several teams including the Chinese National Baseball Team in the Olympics and the 2006 World Baseball Classic.
Labels: 1965 Topps, 1975 Topps, Baltimore Orioles, Curt Blefary, Jim Lefebvre, Los Angeles Dodgers, Rookie Card, Rookie of the Year
1965 Topps Jim Lefebvre
Jim Lefebvre's career in L.A. wasn't limited to baseball. If you tune into TVLand you might catch him playing bit parts on classic TV shows. He had small roles on Batman, Gilligan's Island, M*A*S*H, Knight Rider, Alice and several others. In his rookie season he was one of 7 Dodgers receiving MVP votes. He hit .400 against Minnesota Twins pitchers in the 1965 World Series and won Rookie of the Year honors beating out another second baseman, Joe Morgan.
Update 4/5/12
Thanks to Vonnoosh for pointing out Lefebvre's actual first card. See comments below.
Labels: 1965 Topps, Jim Lefebvre, Los Angeles Dodgers, Rookie Card, Rookie of the Year
Curt Blefary was given the nickname "Clank" by Frank Robinson for his fielding abilities. His ability to hit for power from the left side of the plate kept him in the majors. In an attempt to keep his bat in the line-up, he was moved from the outfield to first base and occasionally played catcher. He caught Tom Phoebus's no hitter for the Orioles in 1968. Blefary spent 4 years with the Orioles and played on the World Series winning team in 1966. His contribution was 1 hit in 13 at bats. No RBIs, no Runs scored.
Labels: 1965 Topps, Baltimore Orioles, Curt Blefary, Rookie Card, Rookie of the Year
Video Checklist -Series 6
Here are all the cards in the 6th series in one place. These videos are handy for people who like to look at the pictures but don't really want to read the boring comments I write below them.
Labels: 1965 Topps, Checklist, Video
2006 Heritage Jerry Hairston Jr. 1999 Bowman Chrom...
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St. Patrick's Day parade, 2009, Downpatrick, Co. Down
A couple a' shows back we were talkin' about Scotch Street, Irish Street and English Street. The town that has all three of these streets is called Downpatrick - and we had a photo of Scotch Street, Downpatrick, on the podcast. Downpatrick is the County Town of Down, in fact it used just to be called Downe - with an E on the end, but it has always been associated with the patron saint of Ireland, St. Patrick. Tradition has it that he is buried under a huge stone in the grounds of Down Cathedral in the town.
Patrick wasn't the first Christian missionary to heathen Ireland - as mostly we were, then. Patrick wasn't Irish at all! He was actually British, in the old sense - not Anglo-Saxon, but from the pre-Saxon Celtic British tribes - related to modern-day Brittany, in France. His name was a Roman one, though, meaning he was upper class, or well off. And then disaster struck! At sixteen Patrick was kidnapped by pirates and taken by ship to Ireland, where he was sold as a slave. He ended up in the north here, in Co. Antrim, 'pasturing the flock' out on Mount Slemish - the remains of an extinct volcano - to the east of Ballymena.
In his loneliness there, he began to pray a lot and to remember the lessons taught by his father and grandfather - a deacon and a presbyter. In his Confession he says, "More and more did the love of God, and my fear of him and faith, increase", so that he'd say up to a hundred prayers a day - even in the rain, ice and snow! One night, in his sleep, he heard a voice saying, "Soon you will depart for your own country." And then a short time later he again heard a voice, this time sayin', "Your ship is ready."
After 6 years of slavery he ran away, travelling 200 miles to catch a ship leaving Ireland. He travelled for a few years before eventually returning to his home in Britain. His parents were glad to see him again and didn't want him to leave but, as we know, he had another dream - this time where a man came from Ireland with a bundle of many letters and gave one to Patrick. It began, "The voice of the Hibernians", and as he read it in his dream he saw others in the west of Ireland crying out, "We beg you, holy youth, to come and walk among us again."
Patrick came back as a missionary to the heathen Irish, ruled over back then by the Druid religion. He landed on the southern shore of Strangford Lough, Co. Down, and after a confrontation with a local chieftain, was given a barn at a place called Saul, just outside Downpatrick - which became his first church! There is still a modern-day church building on the site. And in Downpatrick we now have a St. Patrick's Day parade - but no green beer, that I've ever heard of - just beor dhu, the black stuff!
A lot of stories and legends have arisen about Patrick, but he only wrote two documents himself - his Declaration, or Confession, and a letter to a Scottish king called Coroticus. He is supposed to have banished all the snakes from Ireland but, in fact, a Roman historian Solinius had reported many years before Patrick was born that there were no snakes in Ireland!
That story probably came out of Patrick's conflict with the Druids, who were still practising child sacrifice, among other things. Patrick had a major confrontation with his Druid rivals - at Tara, Co. Meath, where the High King ruled from. But we'll leave that story for our next show.
There's a song about Patrick, which begins:
"Saint Patrick was a gentleman,
He came from dacent people,
He built a church in Dublin town,
And on it put a steeple."
And my wife, Gerry's favourite joke is this:
"What did Patrick say when he was drivin' the snakes out of Ireland?"
'"Are yez all right in the back, there?"
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Baseball / NECBL Announces Roster Exemption for Service Academy Players
NECBL Announces Roster Exemption for Service Academy Players
Date: Nov 5, 2020 Source: New England Collegiate Baseball League
NORTH ADAMS, Mass. – The New England Collegiate Baseball League is proud to announce that its executive board has agreed to include a roster exemption for federal service academy players for every organization going forward.
“The New England League is excited to offer even more opportunities to some of the best and brightest student-athletes our country has to offer by providing a great opportunity to experience New England while gaining valuable baseball experience playing in a top summer collegiate baseball league,” stated Sean McGrath, commissioner of the NECBL.
“Students at these military academies have a very demanding schedule that includes military commitments during the summer months, which makes it more challenging for them to find a place to play during the summer,” McGrath continued. “Our decision to incorporate these military waivers provides our teams flexibility in managing their roster in order to accommodate these military obligations.”
The executive board’s decision to designate spots on every roster for two players from any of the five federal service academies will be in effect for the 2021 season onward. This exemption will allow every organization in the New England League to work with the academies to provide roster spots to their players in order to accommodate their military obligations over the summer.
"On behalf of all the players and coaches from service academies, I would like to say thank you to the leadership in the NECBL that helped make this new rule happen,” stated Army West Point head coach Jim Foster. “Commissioner Sean McGrath, the team presidents, general managers and all the coaches in this great summer baseball league really did a great thing. This new rule that will allow service academy players to play more baseball in the summer while not counting towards roster limitations is a huge win for everyone involved.”
The NECBL has maintained a longstanding tradition of welcoming student-athletes from all walks of life and all across the country, spanning NCAA, NAIA and junior college ranks. The league upholds a commitment to partnering with a number of the region’s most scenic summer communities to offer collegiate baseball at its finest. Its obligation to student-athletes from every federal service academy furthers its mission to transcend communities and give the best student-athletes from across the country a chance at their dream.
“Every day, I see what these players will do for our country as future leaders and the commitment they have to play the game we all love,” Foster continued. “They will now get the same opportunities and experiences as others because of the roster flexibility now afforded to them thanks to this new rule. Our hope is other leagues around the country will do the same and allow players from service academies – who do so much for all of us – to play and not count towards roster number limitations. Thank you again to the NECBL for being the first!"
“Our teams are grateful for the experiences they have had with players from these academies on their roster,” McGrath summated. “These future leaders of our military bring leadership qualities that influence fellow teammates as well as make an impact in their community as role models and mentors.”
The New England Collegiate Baseball League is a wooden bat college summer league that fields teams in all six New England states. Partially funded by Major League Baseball, the New England League started play in 1994 and has sent over 150 alumni to the Major Leagues and has had nearly 100 alumni drafted in each of the last 10 Major League Baseball Drafts. For continuing coverage of the NECBL, visit NECBL.com and follow the league on Twitter, Instagram and on Facebook.
New England Collegiate Baseball League
Coaching Success for Former Gull
Dylan Hoy to Join Ocean State for 2021 Season
Gulls Now Accepting 2021 Internship Applications
Optimism is in the Air
Snowmen in Newport
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Fossil Fuels Estimated to Only Have 15 Years Left in the United Kingdom
In 2035, Britain will begin to ban sales of new gasoline and diesel cars the ban will start five years earlier than planned. For the first time, hybrid vehicles will also be included in the ban. The UK government felt it was necessary to fight the climate crisis by helping the country to cut carbon emissions to “net zero” by the year of 2050.
The accelerated time frame drew pushback from automakers, who have concerns about the lack of clarification on whether the government would continue to subsidize sales of electric vehicles, as there is currently limited charging infrastructure. Automakers expect there to be several job losses. The new commitment puts the UK in a group of countries taking charge to phase out cars that are run by fossil fuels.
Norway is another country that wants all passenger cars and vans sold in the country to be zero-emission by the year 20205. India has also called for any new cars sold in the country to be electric by 2030. If the UK wants to meet the 2035 goal, it would require an entire transformation of the UK car market.
The use of battery-powered electric vehicles has increase in Britain by over 144% since last year, but sales still only made up for a total of 2% of automakers revenue. Hybrids, which is also included to be in the ban under the new policy in 2035, made up for about 8% of total vehicle sales.
Automakers like Volkswagen are investing billions of dollars in developing electric cars. According to data from the Society of Motor Manufactures and Traders, UK car production decreased by 14% last year. The shift away from diesel in Europe plated a significant role in the decline. Many automakers feel the interrupt in production will ultimately erode their bottom line.
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Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs supports our Rainbow Agenda Myanmar (RAM) project
We are very happy and proud that Document Our History Now has received a project subsidy from the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Bangkok to carry out an LGBT human-rights project in Myanmar. The main goal of the project is to give the general public, press and political parties in Myanmar more insight into the social and legal situation of LGBT, and in that way to generate READ MORE
Now online: Full-length documentary Red over the Rainbow
Covering the two first “Viet Pride” celebrations, and following a number of different participants in those, the documentary shows milestones of the fast-growing LGBT community in Vietnam. With portraits of the different generations and different genders that are involved in building a strong and proud community, it gives the audience an idea of the conflicts and the stigma that LGBT there face, but also a sense of the types of READ MORE
Almost 70 people came to the presentation meeting September 28th
Almost 70 people came to meet us during the presentation LGBT sotrytelling from Southeast Asia on September 28 in the Public Library in Amsterdam. There were interviews with key players; photos, film trailers and a documentary was shown; new projects and ideas were presented. It was very pleasant to meet so many people on this Sunday afternoon. During the presentation the audience showed great interest and involvement by giving useful READ MORE
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Créateurs > Antas Linda
Antas Linda
http://faculty.washington.edu/lantas/
Linda Antas Visiting Assistant Professor of Composition-Theory Linda Antas earned her doctorate in composition and electronic music from the University of Washington in 2002. While there, she served on the staff of the Center for Advanced Research Technology in the Arts and Humanities. She has taught computer music, theory and ear-training, and the flute. Her composition teachers include Richard Karpen, Diane Thome, and Salvatore Martirano. Her works have been programmed and broadcast throughout the U.S. and Europe, and are recorded on the Media Cafe, TauKay, and Centaur labels. A Fulbright Fellowship recipient, Antas has also been recognized by the International Music Contest Citta' di Udine, and has received commissions from the Rind fund, trombonist Abbie Conant, and the International Computer Music Association. Linda performs as flutist and conductor, and performed her work "A River from the Walls" at the 2000 National Flute Association Convention. She enjoys collaboration with other artists and has worked with choreographers, theatre directors, filmmakers, and other composer/improvisors. She spent the 2000-2001 academic year at the Institut Universitari de L'Audiovisual (Barcelona) on a Fulbright Fellowship and a Fritz Grant and has been a Visiting Artist at the Center for Digital Arts and Experimental Media since 2002. Antas has recently been awarded residencies by the Atlantic Center for the Arts, Djerassi, and Yaddo.
Still, Yet, Again Antas Linda électroacoustique 08:28
Contemporanea '98 Vol.1 - Interensemble Antas Linda
Taukay CD 00:00:00 1999
Mion Philippe
Souffriau Arsène
Haïku - printemps
Respire marche pars va-t-en
Espaces, fluides et pulsés
ANÂHATA ("Vibration primordiale" ou "Vibration d'origine")
Espaces tautologiques
Deux Passages pour Fausto Romitelli
An interview with Annette Vande Gorne, Part One
Méthodologie d'éveil musical
Un bruit assourdissant de musique métallique. La guitare électrique comme modèle
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Exploitation of labour
Exploitation of labour is concept defined as, in its broadest sense, one agent taking unfair advantage of another agent.[1] Marxists state it is a social relationship based on an asymmetry of power between workers and their employers. When speaking about exploitation, there is a direct affiliation with consumption in social theory and traditionally this would label exploitation as unfairly taking advantage of another person because of their inferior position, giving the exploiter the power.[2]
Karl Marx's theory of exploitation has been described in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy as the most influential theory of exploitation.[1] In analyzing exploitation, economists are split on the explanation of the exploitation of labour given by Marx and Adam Smith. Smith did not see exploitation as an inherent systematic phenomenon in certain economic systems as Marx did, but rather as an optional moral injustice.[3]
1 Marxist theory
1.1 Surplus labour and labour theory of value
1.2 Critique and rejection
2 Other theories
2.1 Liberal theory
2.2 Neoclassical notions
3 In developing nations
4 Wage labour
Marxist theoryEdit
Marx's exploitation theory is one of the major elements analyzed in Marxian economics and some social theorists consider it to be a cornerstone in Marxist thought. Marx credited the Scottish Enlightenment writers for originally propounding a materialist interpretation of history.[4] In his Critique of the Gotha Program, Marx set principles that were to govern the distribution of welfare under socialism and communism—these principles saw distribution to each person according to their work and needs. Exploitation is when these two principles are not met, when the agents are not receiving according to their work or needs.[5] This process of exploitation is a part of the redistribution of labour, occurring during the process of separate agents exchanging their current productive labour for social labour set in goods received.[6] The labour put forth toward production is embodied in the goods and exploitation occurs when someone purchases a good, with their revenue or wages, for an amount unequal to the total labour he or she has put forth.[7] This labour performed by a population over a certain time period is equal to the labour embodied to the goods that make up the net national product (NNP). The NNP is then parceled out to the members of the population in some way and this is what creates the two groups, or agents, involved in the exchange of goods: exploiters and exploited.[6]
According to Marxist economics, the exploiters are the agents able to command goods, with revenue from their wages, that are embodied with more labour than the exploiters themselves have put forth - based on the exploitative social relations of Marxist theory of capitalist production. These agents often have class status and ownership of productive assets that aid the optimization of exploitation. Meanwhile, the exploited are those who receive less than the average product he or she produces. If workers receive an amount equivalent to their average product, there is no revenue left over and therefore these workers cannot enjoy the fruits of their own labours and the difference between what is made and what that can purchase cannot be justified by redistribution according to need.[8] According to Marxist theory, in a capitalist society, the exploited are the proletariat, and the exploiters would typically be the bourgeoisie.[2][8] For Marx, the phenomenon of exploitation was a characteristic of all class-based societies, not only capitalism.[1]
Surplus labour and labour theory of valueEdit
In the Marxist critique of political economy, exploiters appropriate another's surplus labour, which is the amount of labour exceeding what is necessary for the reproduction of a worker's labour power and basic living conditions. In other terms, this entails the worker being able to maintain living conditions sufficient to be able to continue work. Marx does not attempt to tie this solely to capitalist institutions as he notes how historically, there are accounts of this appropriation of surplus labour in institutions with forced labour, like those based on slavery and feudal societies. However, the difference he emphasizes is the fact that when this appropriation of surplus labour occurs in societies like capitalist ones, it is occurring in institutions having abolished forced labour and resting on free labour.[2] This comes from Marx's labour theory of value which means that, for any commodity, the price (or wage) of labor power is determined by its cost of production - namely, the quantity of socially necessary labor time required to produce it.[1]
In a capitalist economy, workers are paid according to this value and value is the source of all wealth. Value is determined by a good's particular utility for an actor and if the good results from human activity, it must be understood as a product of concrete labour, qualitatively defined labour. Capitalists are able to purchase labour power from the workers, who can only bring their own labour power in the market. Once capitalists are able to pay the worker less than the value produced by their labour, surplus labour forms and this results in the capitalists' profits. This is what Marx meant by "surplus value", which he saw as "an exact expression for the degree of exploitation of labor-power by capital, or of the laborer by the capitalist".[9] This profit is used to pay for overhead and personal consumption by the capitalist, but was most importantly used to accelerate growth and thus promote a greater system of exploitation.[2]
The degree of exploitation of labour power is dictated by the rate of surplus value as the proportion between surplus value/product and necessary value/product. The surplus value/product is the materialized surplus labour or surplus labour time while the necessary value/product is materialized necessary labour in regard to workers, like the reproduction of the labour power.[5] Marx called the rate of surplus value an "exact expression of the degree of exploitation of labour power by capital".[10]
Critique and rejectionEdit
Many capitalist critics have pointed out that Marx assumes that capital owners contribute nothing to the process of production. They suggest that Marx should have allowed for two things; namely, permit a fair profit on the risk of capital investment and allow for the efforts of management be paid their due.
David Ramsay Steele argues that marginal productivity theory renders Marx's theory of exploitation untenable. According to this theoretical framework and assuming competitive market conditions, a worker's compensation is determined by his or her contribution to marginal output. Similarly, owners of machines and real estate are compensated according to the marginal productivity of their capital's contribution to marginal output. However, Steele notes that this does not in any way touch the ethical argument of socialists who acknowledge non-labour contributions to marginal output, but contend that it is illegitimate for a class of passive owners to receive an unearned income from ownership of capital and land.[11]
Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai observed that there is also the prospect of surplus value arising from sources other than labour and a classic given example is winemaking. When grapes are harvested and crushed, labour is used. However, when yeast is added and the grape juice is left to ferment in order to get wine, the value of wine exceeds that of the grapes significantly, yet labour contributes nothing to the extra value. Marx had ignored capital inputs due to placing them all together in constant capital—translating the wear and tear of capital in production in terms of its labour value. Yet examples such as this demonstrated that value and surplus value could come from somewhere other than labour.[12]
The theory has been opposed by Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, among others. In History and Critique of Interest Theories (1884), he argues that capitalists do not exploit their workers, as they actually help employees by providing them with an income well in advance of the revenue from the goods they produced, stating: "Labor cannot increase its share at the expense of capital". In particular, he argues that the theory of exploitation ignores the dimension of time in production. From this criticism, it follows that, according to Böhm-Bawerk, the whole value of a product is not produced by the worker, but that labour can only be paid at the present value of any foreseeable output.[13]
John Roemer studied and criticized Marx's theory by putting forth a model to deal with exploitation in all modes of production, hoping to lay the foundations for an analysis of the laws of motion of socialism. In his works published in the 1980s, Roemer posits a model of exploitation based upon unequal ownership of human (physical labour skills) and non-human property (land and means of production). He states that this model of property rights has great superiority over the conventional surplus labour model of exploitation, therefore rejecting the labour theory of value.[6] In his attempt to put forward a theory of exploitation that also includes feudal, capitalist and socialist modes of production, he defines exploitation in each of the modes in terms of property rights. Roemer rejects the labour theory of value because he sees that exploitation can exist in the absence of employment relations, like in a subsistence economy, therefore backing the model of exploitation that is based on property rights. He tests his theory of exploitation using game theory to construct contingently feasible alternative states where the exploited agents could improve their welfare by withdrawing with their share of society's alienable and inalienable assets.[6] Feudal, capitalist and socialist exploitation all come from the theory of exploitation on the basis of inequitable distribution of property rights. There has been a range of agreement and disagreement from various economists, neo-classical economists favoring the model the most.
Some theorists criticize Roemer for his entire rejection of the labour theory of value and the surplus labour approach to exploitation, for they were the central aspects of Marxist thought in regard to exploitation.[14] Others criticize his commitment to a specifically liberal as opposed to a Marxist account of the wrongs of exploitation.[15]
Other theoriesEdit
Liberal theoryEdit
Many assume that liberalism intrinsically lacks any adequate theory of exploitation because its phenomenon commits itself only to the primacy of personal rights and liberties and to individual choice as the basic explanatory datum. Hillel Steiner provided an argument to refute the claim that liberalism cannot supply an adequate theory of exploitation.[16] He discusses interpersonal transfers and how there are three types: donation, exchange and theft. Exchange is the only of the three that consists of a voluntary bilateral transfer, where the beneficiary receives something at a value greater than zero on the shared scale of value, although at times there can be ambiguity between more complex types of transfer. He describes the three dimensions of transfers as either unilateral/bilateral, voluntary/involuntary and equal/unequal. Despite these types of transfers being able to distinguish the differences in the four types of transfers, it is not enough to provide a differentiating characterization of exploitation. Unlike theft, an exploitative transfer is bilateral and the items are transferred voluntarily at both unequal and greater-than-zero value. The difference between a benefit and exploitation despite their various shared features is a difference between their counterfactual presuppositions, meaning that in an exploitation there is a voluntary bilateral transfer of unequally valued items because the possessors of both items would voluntarily make the transfer if the items to be transferred were of equal value, but in a benefit the possessor of the higher-value item would not voluntarily make the transfer if the items were at equal value. Put simply, the exploitation can be converted to an exchange: both exploiters and exploited would voluntarily become exchangers when benefactors would not.
In an exploitation both transfers are voluntary, but part of one of the two transfers is unnecessary. The circumstances that bring out exploitation are not the same as what brings about exploitative transfers. Exploitative circumstance is due to the factors other than what motivates individuals to engage in nonaltruistic bilateral transfers (exchanges and exploitations) as they are not sufficient circumstances to bring about exploitative transfers.
To further explain the occurrence of exploitative circumstances certain generalizations about social relations must be included to supply generalizations about social institutions. He says that 'if (i) certain things are true of the institutions within which interpersonal transfers occur and (ii) at least some of these transfers are nonaltruistic bilateral ones, then at least some of these transfers are exploitative.[17] Steiner looks at the institutional conditions of exploitation and finds that in general exploitation is considered unjust and to understand why it is necessary to look at the concept of a right, an inviolable domain of practical choice and the way rights are established to form social institutions. Institutional exploitation can be illustrated by schematized forms of exploitation to reach two points:
Despite the mode of deprivation in exploitation, it is not the same as the mode involved in a violation of rights and it does result from such violations and the two deprivations may be of the same value.
Rights violation (theft) is a bilateral relation, but exploitation is trilateral one. There are at least three persons needed for exploitation.
On a liberal view, exploitation can be described as a quadrilateral relation between four relevantly distinct parties: the state, the exploited, the exploiter and those who suffer rights violations. However, it can be argued that the state's interests with the exploiters action can be viewed as unimpeachable because you cannot imply that the exploiter would ever withhold consent from exploiting due to altruistic concerns. So this trilateral conception of exploitation identifies exploited, exploiters and sufferers of rights violations.
In terms of ridding exploitation, the standard liberal view holds that a regime of laissez-faire is a necessary condition. Natural rights thinkers Henry George and Herbert Spencer reject this view and claim that property rights belong to everyone, i.e. that all land to be valid must belong to everyone. Their argument aims to show that traditional liberalism is mistaken in holding that nonintervention in commerce is the key to non exploitation and they argue it is necessary, but not sufficient.
The classical liberal Adam Smith described the exploitation of labour by businessmen, who work together to extract as much wealth as possible out of their workers, thusly:
What are the common wages of labour, depends everywhere upon the contract usually made between those two parties, whose interests are by no means the same. The workmen desire to get as much, the masters to give as little as possible. The former are disposed to combine in order to raise, the latter in order to lower the wages of labour.[18]
Neoclassical notionsEdit
The majority of neoclassical economists only would view exploitation existing as an abstract deduction of the classic school and of Ricardo's theory of surplus-value.[5] However, in some neoclassical economic theories exploitation is defined by the unequal marginal productivity of workers and wages, such that wages are lower. Exploitation is sometimes viewed to occur when a necessary agent of production receives less wages than its marginal product.[19] Neoclassical theorists also identify the need for some type of redistribution of income to the poor, disabled, to the farmers and peasants, or whatever socially alienated group from the social welfare function. However, it is not true that neoclassical economists would accept the marginal productivity theory of just income as a general principle like other theorists do when addressing exploitation. The general neoclassical view sees that all factors can be simultaneously rewarded according to their marginal productivity: this means that factors of production should be awarded according to their marginal productivity as well, Euler's theorem for homogeneous function of the first order proves this:
f(K,L)= fK(K,L)K+fL(K,L)L
The production function where K is capital and L is labour. Neoclassical theory requires that f be continuously differentiable in both variables and that there are constant returns to scale. If there are constant returns to scale, there will be perfect equilibrium if both capital and labour are rewarded according to their marginal products, exactly exhausting the total product.
The primary concept is that there is exploitation towards a factor of production, if it receives less than its marginal product. Exploitation can only occur in imperfect capitalism due to imperfect competition, with the neoclassical notion of productivity wages there is little to no exploitation in the economy.[20] This blames monopoly in the product market, monopsony in the labour market and cartellization as the main causes for exploitation of workers.
In developing nationsEdit
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Developing nations, commonly called Third World countries, are the focus of much debate over the issue of exploitation, particularly in the context of the global economy.
Critics[who?] of foreign companies allege that firms such as Nike and Gap Inc. resort to child labour and sweatshops in developing nations[citation needed], paying their workers wages far lower than those that prevail in developed nations (where the products are sold). It is argued that this is insufficient to allow workers to attain the local subsistence standard of living if working hours common in the First World are observed, so that working hours much longer than in the first world are necessary.[citation needed] It is also argued that work conditions in these developing world factories are more unsafe and much more unhealthy than in the First World.[citation needed] For example, observers point to cases where employees were unable to escape factories burning down—and thus dying—because of locked doors, a common signal that sweatshop conditions exist, similar to the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of 1911.
Others argue that in the absence of compulsion the only way that corporations are able to secure adequate supplies of labour is to offer wages and benefits superior to preexisting options and that the presence of workers in corporate factories indicates that the factories present options which are seen as better—by the workers themselves—than the other options available to them (see principle of revealed preference).
A common response is that this is disingenuous as the companies are in fact exploiting people by the terms of unequal human standards (applying lower standards to their Third World workers than to their First World ones).[citation needed] Furthermore, the argument goes that if people choose to work for low wages and in unsafe conditions because it is their only alternative to starvation or scavenging from garbage dumps (the "preexisting options"), this cannot be seen as any kind of "free choice" on their part. It also argued that if a company intends to sell its products in the First World, it should pay its workers by First World standards.[by whom?]
Following such a view, some[who?] in the United States propose that the American government should mandate that businesses in foreign countries adhere to the same labour, environmental, health and safety standards as the United States before they are allowed to trade with businesses in the United States (this has been advocated by Howard Dean, for example). They believe that such standards would improve the quality of life in less developed nations.[citation needed]
According to others, this would harm the economies of less developed nations by discouraging the United States from investing in them. Milton Friedman was an economist who thought that such a policy would have that effect.[21] According to this argument, the result of ending perceived exploitation would therefore be the corporation pulling back to its developed nation, leaving their former workers out of a job.
Groups who see themselves as fighting against global exploitation also point to secondary effects such as the dumping of government-subsidized corn on developing world markets which forces subsistence farmers off of their lands, sending them into the cities or across borders in order to survive. More generally, some sort of international regulation of transnational corporations is called for, such as the enforcement of the International Labour Organization's labour standards.
The fair trade movement seeks to ensure a more equitable treatment of producers and workers, therefore minimizing exploitation of labour forces in developing countries. The exploitation of labour is not limited to the aforementioned large scale corporate outsourcing, but it can also be found within the inherent structure of local markets in developing countries like Kenya.[22]
Wage labourEdit
Main article: Labour economics
See also: Wage slavery
Wage labour as institutionalized under today's market economic systems has been criticized,[23] especially by both mainstream socialists and anarcho-syndicalists,[24][25][26][27] utilising the pejorative term wage slavery.[28][29] They regard the trade of labour as a commodity as a form of economic exploitation rooting partially from capitalism.
As per Noam Chomsky, analysis of the psychological implications of wage slavery goes back to the Enlightenment era. In his 1791 book On the Limits of State Action, liberal thinker Wilhelm von Humboldt posited that "whatever does not spring from a man's free choice, or is only the result of instruction and guidance, does not enter into his very nature; he does not perform it with truly human energies, but merely with mechanical exactness" and so when the labourer works under external control "we may admire what he does, but we despise what he is".[30] Both the Milgram and Stanford experiments have been found useful in the psychological study of wage-based workplace relations.[31]
Additionally, Marxists posit that labour as commodity, which is how they regard wage labour,[32] provides an absolutely fundamental point of attack against capitalism.[note 1] "It can be persuasively argued", noted one concerned philosopher, "that the conception of the worker's labor as a commodity confirms Marx's stigmatisation of the wage system of private capitalism as 'wage-slavery;' that is, as an instrument of the capitalist's for reducing the worker's condition to that of a slave, if not below it".[33][note 2]
Benjamin Tucker
Capital, Volume I
Contemporary slavery
Corporate abuse
Cost the limit of price
Criticism of capitalism
Exploitation of natural resources
Forced prostitution
Indentured servant
Labour, class struggle and false consciousness
Neocolonialism
Property income
Prosumerism
Rate of exploitation
Sharecropping
Trafficking of children
Unequal exchange
Unfree labour
Wage slavery
^ Another one being the capitalists' alleged theft from workers via surplus-value.
^ This Marxist objection is what motivated Nelson's essay, which claims that labour is not in fact a commodity.
^ a b c d "Exploitation". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 20 December 2001. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
^ a b c d Dowding, Keith (2011). "Exploitation". Encyclopedia of Power. SAGE Publications. pp. 232–235. ISBN 9781412927482.
^ Horace L. Fairlamb, 'Adam's Smith's Other Hand: A Capitalist Theory of Exploitation', Social Theory and Practice, 1996.
^ Andrew Reeve, Modern Theories of Exploitation"
^ a b c Jon Elster, "Exploring Exploitation", The Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 3-17
^ a b c d John E. Roemer, 'Should Marxists be Interested in Exploitation', Philosophy & Public Affairs, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1985, pg 30-65
^ John E. Roemer, "Origins of Exploitation and Class: Value Theory of Pre-Capitalist Economy", Econometrica, Vol. 50, No. 1, 1982, pp. 163-192
^ a b Jon Elster, "Exploring Exploitation", The Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 3-17
^ Marx, Karl. [1867] 1967. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, vol. 1. New York: International Publishers.
^ Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. 1, as translated in J. Furner, Marx on Capitalism: The Interaction-Recognition-Antinomy Thesis, Brill 2018, p. 233, ISBN 978-90-04-32331-5, which also explains the significance of the difference between this translation of Marx's phrase, and the translation reproduced earlier in this Wikipedia entry, which, Furner argues, is wrong.
^ Steele, David Ramsay (September 1999). From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation. Open Court. p. 143. ISBN 978-0875484495. One of the fateful consequences of marginal productivity is that it sweeps away such theories as Marx’s which see interest as ‘unpaid labour’. Under competitive market conditions, a worker tends to be paid what his labour contributes to output, no more and no less. The same goes for an owner of a machine or piece of real estate. The analysis demonstrates the symmetry of all types of inputs: there is as much sense as saying that labour exploits capital, or that electricity exploits roofing tiles. Of course, this does not touch the ethical arguments of socialists who acknowledge that non-labour factors make a determinate contribution to output, analytically separable from labour’s contribution, yet still contend that it is illegitimate for anyone to own capital or land and reap the payment for their services. But that is not the position of Marx, nor many other socialists.
^ Desai, Meghnad, Marx's Revenge: The Resurgence of Capitalism and the Death of Statist Socialism, 2002, Verso Books, page 264
^ "Böhm-Bawerk's Critique of the Exploitation Theory of Interest | Mises Daily". Mises.org. 2004-11-26. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
^ Khalid Nadvi, 'Exploitation and Labour Theory Of Value: A Critique of Roemer's Theory of Exploitation and Class', Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 20, No. 25, 1985, 1479-1494
^ For example, Allen W. Wood, Karl Marx (Routledge 2004) and Nicolas Vrousalis, 'Exploitation, Vulnerability and Social Domination', Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 41, 2013, 131-157
^ Hillel Steiner, 'A Liberal Theory of Exploitation', Ethics, Vol. 94, No. 2, 1984, pp. 225-241
^ Hillel Steiner, 'A Liberal Theory of Exploitation', Ethics, Vol. 94, No. 2, 1984, pp. 229
^ Adam Smith. The Wealth of Nations, Book I, Chapter 8. Marxists Internet Archive.
^ J. Schumpter, The theory of economic development, Harvard University Press, 1949
^ Milan Zafirovski, 'Measuring and Making Sense of Labor Exploitation in Contemporary Society: A Comparative Analysis', Review of Radical Political Economies, 2003, Vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 462-484
^ Hawkins, John (2015-03-25). "An Interview With Milton Friedman | John Hawkins' Right Wing News". Rightwingnews.com. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
^ Martinus van Tilborgh. "How do we find our artists". Villagemarkets.org. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
^ Ellerman 1992 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFEllerman1992 (help).
^ Thompson 1966, p. 599 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFThompson1966 (help).
^ Ostergaard 1997, p. 133 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFOstergaard1997 (help).
^ Lazonick 1990, p. 37 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLazonick1990 (help).
^ "Wage Slave". Merriam Webster. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
^ "wage slave". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
^ Chomsky 1993, p. 19 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFChomsky1993 (help)
^ Thye & Lawler 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFThyeLawler2006 (help).
^ Marx 1990, p. 1006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarx1990 (help): "[L]abour-power, a commodity sold by the worker himself."
^ Nelson 1995, p. 158 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNelson1995 (help)
Wage Labour and Capital
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Elections News Politics Uncategorized
Burma must win 'second independence'
Jan 5, 2010 (DVB), Independence Day was marked by the opposition in Burma yesterday with calls for strength and unity in the "struggle to win the second independence" from military rule, an opposition politician said.
Around 1500 people, including foreign envoys and ethnic leaders, gathered at the headquarters of the National League for Democracy (NLD) party, the official opposition to the country's ruling State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), in Rangoon to mark the 62nd anniversary of independence from British rule.
"This day is not about looking back and just being sentimental about independence we gained 60 years ago, but is about making resolutions, collecting strength and finding unity," said Win Tin, a senior NLD member who spent 19 years in prison for his political activities.
"I would like to pass on a message for youths and students that, in order to take part in the struggle, we all need to keep our 'no fear' spirit intact."
Other ceremonies were held at NLD offices around the country, and while police surveillance was intensified, there were no reports of intimidation or harassment. Events were also held amongst exiled Burmese communities in Thailand and Malaysia.
A statement released by the NLD called for the release of the country's 2,100 political prisoners, including detained NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi, and to allow the reopening of NLD offices outside of Rangoon.
It also demanded permission for ethnic political parties to register and be given the freedom to campaign in the run up to elections.
The head of Burma's ruling junta, Than Shwe, in a separate ceremony at the capital Naypyidaw, confirmed that elections would take place this year, but failed to announce a date.
He also called for "correct choices" to be made during the polls, a comment which could be interpreted as a warning against voting for Suu Kyi.
The NLD is however yet to confirm whether it will participate in the elections, and has demanded a revision of the 2008 constitution, which looks set to cement the military's grip on the country, which it has ruled in various forms since 1962.
Burma gained independence in 1948, following 124 years of British rule, and was presided over by a civilian government until a coup 14 years' later led by the country's first dictator, Ne Win.
Reporting by Naw Say Phaw
Tags: Electionsindependence
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NLD losing support, says USDP
Parties jockey for voters on final day of by-election campaign
By-elections 2017: candidate vetting process begins
Election commission lineup named
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Author: @bigmike7772
Why AJ Dillon is the Best College Football Player Right Now
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Sep 15, 2018 | College
I know it is early in the college football season, but AJ Dillon has continued to impress since he stepped foot on the field last year. He is so valuable in making Boston College a legit football team for the first time since the Matt Ryan days. Dillon grew up in Massachusetts, and went to Lawrence Academy for high school. He had many offers from around the country like Michigan, Notre Dame, and Florida State, but decided to stay home and make Boston College football great. AJ is a very big running back, standing at 6’0″ tall and 245...
Patrice Bergeron Could Miss the Start of the Season
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Sep 4, 2018 | Bruins, NHL
The Boston Bruins could be without their best player to start the year. Joe Haggerty of NBC Sports Boston reported that Bergeron is “a little behind” after getting groin surgery in June. Bergeron seemed frustrated about having to undergo surgery so late in the offseason, and expressed his thoughts on it: “I’m starting to feel better on the ice now, and I’m starting to increase the workload in the gym as well. Slowly, but surely, I’m feeling good. The fact that the surgery was done in June set me back a little bit…Pretty much all of July I was rehabbing...
College Football Week 0 Preview and Predictions
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Aug 24, 2018 | College
The 2018 college football season starts this weekend. There are only four games on the schedule with no ranked teams, but some games are interesting. This week in college football has been called week 0 because of the lack of teams that play. The four matchups include 2 FBS VS FBS matchups, and 2 FBS VS FCS matchups. Duquesne VS UMass Betting Odds: UMass -24.5, O/U 67.5 The first college football game of the season will feature the UMass Minutemen vs the Duquesne Dukes. UMass enters this game with high expectations for the year. If they win all of...
2018 College Football Season Preview and Predictions
The college football season is getting closer by the minute. With the first games coming on August 25th, a lot of things have changed. Teams like Alabama, Notre Dame, and Clemson will have to decide who will play QB while teams like Wisconsin and others return many of their key players from last year. We will also get to see how Oklahoma, Penn ST, and USC will fare without their best players from last season. In this article I preview every single conference in the FBS. I will also make my final top 25 predictions and new year’s six...
Who Should Be the Red Sox 8th Inning Guy?
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Aug 16, 2018 | MLB, Red Sox
The Boston Red Sox are the best team in baseball right now. They are 10 games ahead of the second best team in baseball at the moment, and it seems like nothing can go wrong. The Red Sox lead the league in batting average, runs scored, hits, and many more. They also are second to only Houston in ERA with 3.48. However, there are a few questions for the Sox heading into the postseason. One of those questions is who is the setup guy in the 8th inning for the Red Sox before Kimbrel comes in. This article will...
BIG3 Boston Recap and Exclusive with Nate Robinson
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Aug 4, 2018 | Celtics, NBA
The BIG3 was in Boston this past Friday with a slate of four games. This was the second to last week of regular season games, so their was a lot of playoff implications. I was able to go to TD Garden and cover this event and ask guys like Dr. J, Rick Mahorn, Glen Davis, and Nate Robinson questions. Entering this week the BIG3 standings looked like this: 3 Headed Monsters (6-0) Power (5-1) 3’s Company (4-2) Tri-State (4-2) Killer 3s (2-4) Ball Hogs (1-5) Ghost Ballers (1-5) Trilogy (1-5) Those standings changed a lot this weekend with a...
Recapping The BIG3 Conference Call
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Aug 1, 2018 | NBA
With the BIG3 coming to Boston this Friday, a conference call was held to preview the games and answer questions from the media. I had the privilege of being on this call, along with NBA Hall of Famer and BIG3 commissioner, Clyde Drexler, Co-Founder of the BIG3, Jeff Kwatinetz, and Chairman, Amy Trask. The call started with Clyde Drexler recapping the night of games in Toronto the week prior. Drexler announced that Andre Emmett from 3’s Company was player of the week with 23 points, 5 rebounds, 4 assists, and 4 steals. Emmett is a good example of the...
BIG3 Boston Preview
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jul 30, 2018 | NBA
The BIG3 is a basketball league created by rapper, Ice Cube, in 2017. The league consists of mostly retired NBA players, including some former all-stars. Rules for the BIG3 are different than rules in the NBA or FIBA-sanctioned 3-on-3 games. There is a four-point shot, 14 second shot-clock, hand-checking, and more. Also, there is no time-limit as halftime starts when a team reaches 25 points, and the winner is the first to 50 (win by two). In the second season for the BIG3, things have changed from the first season. The defending-BIG3 champs are now last in the league,...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Special Teams
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jul 26, 2018 | NFL, Patriots
There are many new faces on the Patriots compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this installment I will talk about the special teams. The Pats special teamers have not changed that much over the years, but it could be different this year. They did not lose any key special teamers,...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Safeties
There are many new faces on the Patriots compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this installment I will talk about the safeties. The Pats have kept their main group of safeties in tact while adding two via free agency. Devin McCourty #32 (2010-Present): Devin McCourty is the leader of the...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Cornerbacks
There are many new faces on this Patriots team compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this part of the series, I will take a look at the cornerbacks. The Patriots lost a key-piece to their secondary this past off-season with the departure of Malcolm Butler. New England then went on...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Linebackers
There are many new faces on the Patriots compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this installment I will talk about the linebackers. The linebacking core last year for New England was very depleted due to injury. They managed to maintain their depth while also drafting two linebackers this year. Dont’a...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Defensive Tackles
There are many new faces on this Patriots team compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this part of the series, I will take a look at the defensive tackles. The Pats acquired one DT via trade, and two as undrafted free agents. They also were able to keep their main...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Interior O-Line
There are many new faces on this Patriots team this summer. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players through trade and free agency and had three players retire. Plenty of questions remain on the offensive line, wide receiver corps, and defensive backs. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this part of the series, I will take a look at the interior offensive linemen. The Patriots have added two new interior...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Defensive Ends (@bigmike7772)
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jul 19, 2018 | Uncategorized
There are many new faces on this Patriots team compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this part of the series, I will take a look at the defensive ends. The Pats acquired one DE via free agency and one as an undrafted rookie. The defensive end position was a concern last...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Wide Receivers (@bigmike7772)
There are many new faces on this Patriots team compared to last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this part of the series I will take a look at the wide receivers. The Patriots lost two very important wide receivers last year. Brandin Cooks was traded for the 23rd pick in the draft,...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Offensive Tackles (@bigmike7772)
There are many different faces on this Patriots team compared to last year. New England acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this installment I will talk about the offensive tackles. The Patriots have had a solid tackle group since Brady took over. The Pats lost a significant o-linemen this offseason, Nate Solder, and will look...
Potential Trade Packages for Jimmy Butler
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jul 3, 2018 | Celtics, NBA
It looks like All-Star shooting guard, Jimmy Butler, does not want to play in Minnesota anymore. He has grown tired of playing for a young, nonchalant Timberwolves team, according to recent reports. As reported by the Chicago Sun-Times, Butler is looking to team up in free agency with Kyrie next season. Jimmy Butler has no intentions of signing an extension with Minnesota, all but fed up with the nonchalant attitude of his younger teammates, specifically Karl-Anthony Towns, @suntimes_hoops reports. https://t.co/5bofEJyKpF — Chicago Sun-Times (@Suntimes) July 3, 2018 The question is if the Celtics should pursue Butler or wait to...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Tight Ends
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jul 3, 2018 | NFL, Patriots
There are many different players on this Patriots team compared to last year. New England acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this installment I will talk about the tight ends. The tight end position has been very valuable for the Patriots since Belichick took over. They became the first team to use three tight end packages...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Running Backs
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jun 30, 2018 | NFL, Patriots
There are many different players on this team compared to last year. The Patriots acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this installment I’ll focus on the running backs/fullback. The Patriots have brought in two running backs from free agency and one from the draft. This change is most likely due to the departure of starting...
Patriots Training Camp Preview: Quarterback
With Patriots training camp approaching on July 26th, there are many different players on this team from last year. The Pats acquired four guys from trade, fifteen from free agency, and nine from the NFL Draft. They also lost nine players from trade and free agency and had three players retire. In this new series, I will be looking at every player from each position leading up to training camp. For this part of the series I will talk about the most important position on the field: Quarterback. Quarterback has been the most consistent position for the Patriots since...
REPORT: The Celtics are Including Terry Rozier in Draft Trades
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jun 21, 2018 | Celtics, NBA
Danny Ainge and the Celtics are reportedly involving Terry Rozier in potential trades to move up in the draft. This was first reported by Brian Robb of the Boston Sports Journal. Robb says that, “the Celtics have discussed Terry Rozier with other teams as part of a trade package to move up.” The #Celtics are dangling Terry Rozier in potential trade packages to move up in the #NBADraft, per @BrianTRobb. https://t.co/GZgEYRWFPm — 98.5 The Sports Hub (@985TheSportsHub) June 21, 2018 Rozier, 24, is entering the final year of his contract next season. He expects to cash out on his...
The Celtics Are Interested in Signing a Euro-League Star
The Boston Celtics seem to be looking to add another overseas player for next season. His name is Brad Wanamaker, a Turkish guard who is very highly decorated. This was reported first by David Pick, who is considered the top guy for overseas news. I'm told the Boston Celtics are giving strong considering to bring over Euro star Brad Wanamaker – MVP of the Turkish finals with Fenerbahce. Other NBA teams with interest: ORL, BRK, PHI and MIA. — David Pick (@IAmDPick) June 18, 2018 College Career Wanamaker played college ball at the University of Pittsburgh. He averaged only...
First Three Games of the Bruins Regular Season Have Been Announced
Posted by @bigmike7772 | Jun 21, 2018 | Bruins, NHL
Coming off a year where the Bruins made it to the Eastern Conference semi-finals, the hopes are very high heading into the next NHL season. Many people believe that the Bruins are good enough to be hoisting the Stanley Cup by the end of the year. Those expectations will be tested in the regular season. The entire regular season schedule for the Boston Bruins does not come out until later today, but the NHL released every team’s home-opener for the upcoming season. During this, The Bruins found out who they will face in the first three games of the season....
Celtics’ Top Opponents for the 2018-2019 Season
The Boston Celtics were one of the most entertaining teams in the NBA last year. The 2017-2018 season had a lot of amazing games by the Celtics, which most notably consisted of comeback wins against the Rockets (26 points) and the Warriors (26 points). The season, though, was plagued with injuries, whether it was the Hayward injury that kept him out the whole year, or the Kyrie injury that made him miss the last few weeks of the regular season, the Celtics always found a way to make many of their games exciting no matter who they played. The C’s...
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Florida Destination Guide
FYI: The State of Florida's Marijuana Laws
AVAILABLE AT AMAZON BOOKS
Florida Organic Farm Directory
A guide to Florida's
certified organic operations
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Information about New England Patriots At
Wiki source
During the 1970s, the Patriots had some success, earning a berth to the playoffs in 1976—as a wild card team—and in 1978—as AFC East champions. They lost in the first round both times. In 1985, they returned to the playoffs, and made it all the way to Super Bowl XX, which they lost to the Chicago Bears 46–10. Following their Super Bowl loss, they returned to the playoffs in 1986, but lost in the first round. The team would not make the playoffs again for eight more years. During the 1990 season, the Patriots went 1–15. They changed ownership three times in the ensuing 14 years, being purchased from the Sullivan family first by Victor Kiam in 1988, who sold the team to James Orthwein in 1992. Though Orthwein's period as owner was short and controversial, he did oversee major changes to the team, first with the hiring of former New York Giants coach Bill Parcells in 1993. Orthwein and his marketing team also commissioned the NFL to develop a new visual identity and logo, and changed their primary colors from the traditional red, white and blue to blue and silver for the team uniforms. Orthwein intended to move the team to his native St. Louis (where it would have been renamed as the St. Louis Stallions), but instead sold the team in 1994 for $175 million to Boston paper magnate Robert Kraft, who had bought the Patriots' then-home, Foxboro Stadium, out of bankruptcy in 1988.
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Restraint. That’s one of the things chief minister Fabian Picardo has requested from teachers in their ongoing pay dispute with the government. Their claim dates back to last June but they still haven’t had a formal response. A deadline of Thursday 9 May set by their union, the NASUWT, came and went with neither an acceptance of the demands nor a counter offer. In a letter to the NASUWT president that same evening Mr Picardo essentially said he needed more time to consider the matter.
Yet earlier that day there was time for a meeting of the parliamentary reform select committee that the chief minister chairs. It hadn’t met for over four and a half years and it was only after the Gibraltar Chronicle had revealed it that anyone had any inkling it was about to meet again. According to one of its members the meeting lasted only 45 minutes.
The Gibraltar Parliament
Long enough, nevertheless, to conclude discussions on the “expansion of the Gibraltar Parliament” and come up with a radical recommendation: an increase in the number of MPs from 17 to 25 through the creation of eight “backbenchers”, five on the government’s side and three on the opposition’s. The intention is to pass the necessary legislation in time for the next election. The GSLP/Liberals and the GSD must have had a pretty good idea this would be the outcome, as almost simultaneously with the publication of the committee’s recommendation they issued press statements welcoming the initiative.
Marlene Hassan Nahon
Only independent MP Marlene Hassan Nahon did not. Herself a committee member, she decried a lack of consultation and warned that backbenchers would not have “a quantitative or qualitative impact on the level of democracy in Gibraltar”. She’s not alone in thinking it’s a bad idea.
Commission on Democratic & Political Reform
In 2013 the Commission on Democratic and Political Reform stated that: “there should not be an increase in the number of elected members, since 17 Members in a place of our size are quite enough”. It said the additional expenditure was “unwarranted”, notwithstanding that what was being mooted was just two backbenchers.
How much eight backbenchers would cost the taxpayer is an, as yet, unanswered question. (£200,000 a year Ms Hassan Nahon reckons). There are others. Would they be entitled to a pension as “frontbench” MPs are? On polling day would people vote separately for frontbench and backbench candidates or would who becomes what be determined by how many votes each candidate gets? Would backbenchers have full voting rights in parliament?
A more fundamental question still is why have backbenchers in the first place? Unlike their UK counterparts, they would have no constituents to represent. Neither would they have ministries to run nor shadow portfolios to look after. What then would be their purpose?
The Commons in session during prime minister’s questions
The chief minister says that with backbenchers our parliament would more closely resemble the House of Commons: there’d be more ordinary MPs than members of the Executive. This, he suggests, would improve democracy because it makes it easier for the government to be outvoted. But, given the tribal nature of our politics, how realistic is it that even one backbencher on the government side would rebel? Not very I’d say, and three of them would have to in order to defeat the government.
Democracy could be enhanced, in my view, if at least some of the backbenchers were independents, able to speak their minds, unfettered by a party whip. But it’s clear that the path isn’t going to be made any easier for independent candidates to get elected. As Mr Picardo says: “people will understand that they need to continue to block vote in order to have a government of the party political nature they wish to see, with the backbenchers being additional representatives of that party”. Plus ça change.
Let’s hope the real motivation here isn’t, as has been suggested, to reward party stalwarts who’ve never made it onto an electoral slate. Against a backdrop of the teachers’ pay claim and concerns expressed by the Action on Poverty group, the last thing Gibraltar needs is eight political sinecures.
Author gibstevePosted on 20th May 2019 20th May 2019 Leave a comment on Backbenchers: Why?
There must be more to Penny Mordaunt than meets the eye. When she visited Gibraltar in 2015 as minister for the armed forces she stonewalled me as she arrived for a meeting at Number Six Convent Place, only to emerge minutes later – presumably under advice – and grant me the interview I was initially denied. Ms Mordaunt has now been given the top job at the MoD, becoming the first woman to be appointed defence secretary. It shouldn’t do her hopes of one day becoming prime minister any harm.
For my money though, her successor as international development secretary is a better bet. Rory Smith impressed me when he came to the Rock five years ago as part of the Foreign Affairs Committee that heard evidence from Fabian Picardo, and he’s being touted by some as the next Tory leader. The former prisons minister speaks 11 languages and is a straight talker: when asked on the first day in his new job whether he’d throw his hat in the ring once Theresa May has left office he simply said “yes” – the first cabinet minister to do so.
Mr Stewart served in the Black Watch, and is a bestselling author. Before becoming an MP in 2010 he was a Harvard professor and an adviser to Barack Obama. A bit of an action man, he carried out a 6,000-mile walk across Iran, Nepal, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where he set up a charity, and delivered his first son himself. Brad Pitt once bought the rights to his life story.
The Sunday Times described him as “a political exception: a round peg in a round hole” who “even knows what he is talking about. And that, in politics these days, really is a surprise”. Praise indeed from the UK’s newspaper of record. The 46-year-old may be regarded as something of an outsider to replace Mrs May, but I reckon his time will come. If the Conservative Party survives its present crisis, that is.
RONNIE’S CRUCIBLE PIG’S EAR
One thing that university life engendered in me that has nothing to do with academia is my love of snooker. I don’t think it exists any more but when I was an undergraduate, my students’ union building boasted a fabulous snooker room where we’d spend many an hour – possibly too many – hoping to put together a decent break as we took an *ahem* hard-earned break from our studies. If I remember rightly, just 50p bought us an hour under the lights at the green baize table; those were the days!
It was during my first year, in 1977, that the World Snooker Championship moved to its present venue, the Crucible, in Sheffield. Watching the tournament on television I was soon hooked. Mind you, it took some dedication watching a sport in which colour plays such an important part on a black-and-white TV set as I had to. Only the white and black balls were clearly distinguishable, all the others were a washed-out grey.
In fact, some years earlier the BBC2 Pot Black programme that did so much to popularise snooker was devised precisely to exploit colour television technology. Not everyone owned a colour TV set though and this had to be borne in mind by commentators, who usually did an admirable job. Every now and then, however, they slipped up. As when the “voice of snooker”, Ted Lowe, not-so-helpfully told viewers that: “for those of you watching in black and white, the pink is next to the green”.
Of course, television coverage has come on by leaps and bounds since the seventies and for the past fortnight I’ve been transfixed, following the fortunes of my favourite players in this year’s World Championship.
Stuart Bingham lifts the Gibraltar Open trophy
I was rooting for Stuart Bingham who unfortunately lost in the second round. Bingham, who took the title in 2015, was also the gracious winner of this year’s Gibraltar Open. After lifting the trophy and pocketing the £25,000 top prize he said he loved coming to the Rock and looked forward to returning next year, possibly making a family holiday of the trip.
Contrast his attitude with that of world number one Ronnie O’Sullivan who quipped that he would “rather sleep in a pig sty” than play here. I, for one, was pleased to see him get his comeuppance in Sheffield: O’Sullivan was knocked out in the first round by an amateur, the first time that’s happened in the competition’s 92-year history.
Author gibstevePosted on 13th May 2019 Leave a comment on Could Penny or Rory be the next PM?
My heartiest congratulations to the Director of Public Prosecutions, Christian Rocca, who was recently appointed Queen’s Counsel (and to Nigel Feetham who was similarly honoured). In preparation for an earlier column I wrote regarding aspects of the jury system in Gibraltar Mr Rocca very graciously gave me access to the dissertation he submitted as a law student at the University of Essex. It made very interesting reading.
One of his key proposals for reform was that jury service be made compulsory for women. Yes, surprising as it may seem to younger readers, as recently as 1993, when Mr Rocca completed his thesis, only men featured on the jury list; women had to volunteer if they wanted to be included. Indeed, as Mr Rocca noted: “up until 1960, women were not even recognised as potential jurors”. Thankfully this “anomaly” was eventually put right and both women and men are now called upon to serve.
However, another concern highlighted by Mr Rocca remains as valid today as when the jury system was first adopted in Gibraltar in 1830: in a small jurisdiction, where everyone knows everybody else, how impartial can a jury truly be? Hardly at all, according to one time Governor Sir Archibald Hunter. Back in 1913, Mr Rocca reminds us, Sir Archibald had the temerity to suggest that the jury system be abolished, describing local juries as “partisan and notoriously unjust in favour of their own”. His words provoked quite a storm and he was “summoned back to the UK, never to return”.
Yet three-quarters of a century later the incumbent Attorney General, Ken Harris QC, said much the same thing. He reportedly told this newspaper in December 1991 that because of Gibraltar’s small size, “It is very difficult to be, and remain, completely impartial, whatever counsel or the trial judge may say…I am concerned that a number of verdicts in recent years have, in my opinion, been completely contrary to the evidence”.
Meanwhile, in his 1985 paper “Problems of jury trials in small jurisdictions”, Sir John Spry, an ex-President of the Gibraltar Court of Appeal, asserted that “In some islands, a local person charged with an offence against a foreigner is almost certain to be acquitted, while a foreigner accused of an offence against a local is equally likely to be convicted.”
Regrettably, statistics seem to back the view that Gibraltar juries are much likelier to convict foreigners than locals. An analysis by the now Registrar of the Supreme Court, Liam Yeats, of the verdicts in criminal cases between 1983 and 2013 shows that only a quarter (25%) of non-local defendants were acquitted, whereas three-fifths (60.5%) of locals were.
This issue alone seems to me a pretty good reason to reconsider whether we should persist with our jury system. But there’s the further argument that in Gibraltar we may be exposing jurors to unreasonable levels of stress. An indication of this came in the murder trial I referenced in last month’s column, in which the jury returning a guilty verdict asked for a counselling or support service to be established to help them, and future jury members.
If the jury system, because of jurors’ tendency to acquit locals and convict non-locals, is “failing to perform properly and impartially” as Christian Rocca asserts in his dissertation, and on top of that jury members’ health may be damaged by trauma, shouldn’t we at least have a rethink?
Author gibstevePosted on 7th May 2019 Leave a comment on The jury system revisited
What a great initiative: as its contribution to the commemorations of the 50thanniversary of the closure of the frontier, the National Archives has digitised its collection of the Gibraltar Evening Post and placed it online for everyone to enjoy. There are ten months’ worth, from the first edition on Monday 3 March 1969 through to the end of that tumultuous year.
As I browse, so many memories!
Childhood ones of course as I was barely 11 years old when Franco cruelly cut us off from the wider world, far too young to understand how momentous the events of 1969 were. Not just the frontier. We also got a new, modern Constitution and saw Sir Joshua Hassan toppled for the first and only time as Gibraltar’s political supremo. Although he obtained 1,500 votes more in that year’s general election than his Integration With Britain Party rival, Major ‘Bob’ Peliza, he was unable to form a government and had to settle – briefly – for the role of leader of the opposition.
Naturally I was only vaguely aware of all of this. Instead, what I do remember well from reading the Evening Post as a boy are the everyday things. They may be banned today but eye-catching, page-dominating cigarette advertisements were all the rage 50 years ago and must have tempted more than a few to sample the vile weed.
Long-gone eateries also did their best to seduce. Take this example from a newly-opened Lotus House in Main Street: “Her desire is that you should be satisfied for her only wish is to satiate your Chinese appetite”. Meanwhile Le Coq d’Or at 4 Cornwall’s Parade offered, “Fresh large prawns served to suit your individual taste”. And you could get a four-course meal at the Casino Royale Restaurant for 25 shillings: £1.25 in today’s money.
What brought back the most vivid memories of all, though, was the Post’s coverage of everything to do with the Football Pools. Younger readers may not even be familiar with the term but back in the 1960s people dreamt of getting rich by “doing the pools”. Sure, the government lottery already existed but the first prize was just £3,000: a tidy sum but hardly a fortune. On the other hand, for a modest stake the pools held out the tantalising prospect of winning hundreds of thousands of pounds.
There were numerous ways of playing, but if you wanted a chance of hitting the jackpot you had to correctly forecast eight score-draws from (usually) the English and Scottish professional league matches. (During the close-season summer months Australian league fixtures would be used). Pools agents would drop off a coupon at your home at the beginning of the week and collect it a few days later, together with your stake, after you’d filled it in with an ‘X’ for every match you selected. You then waited expectantly for Saturday evening to listen to the football results on the radio (no live matches on TV then), jotting them down on your coupon as you did so. Unlike nowadays, when games are stretched out sometimes from Friday to Monday, all matches were held on Saturdays with the same kick-off time.
Now in those pre-FM days, radio broadcasts were plagued with crackle resulting in many a score being missed by punters. And that’s where the Evening Post came in. The Saturday edition was eagerly awaited, as it would publish a pools coupon replica with all the results neatly filled in. My dad would methodically check his own completed results against the newspaper’s hoping, I expect, that those he hadn’t heard properly had ended in a score draw, edging him closer to that coveted “first dividend”. Needless to say it never happened.
The Post’s pools-related coverage wasn’t limited to Saturdays either. Midweek it published the next match-day fixtures, suggesting its own tips, and announced the dividend forecast from the previous Saturday’s results. Ads by the major pools companies – Littlewoods and Vernons, Zetters and Copes – added to the mystique, with intricate explanations of their “plans” and “perms”. It was all fascinating stuff for a young adolescent getting his first glimpses of the adult world, and I have the Gibraltar Evening Post to thank for it.
Author gibstevePosted on 7th May 2019 Leave a comment on The Pools and the Post
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25 YEAR CLUB: FD3S Mazda RX-7
Posted on December 28, 2016 by Dave Yuan
Here we are at the end of 2016, twenty-five years since 1991. Think back, what do you remember of MCMXCI? The Gulf War? The end of the Bubble Era? Many of us remember the year quite fondly because it represented a kind of Cambrian explosion of JNCs. A vast array of automotive marvels replete with technological wonders and stunning designs emerged from Japan during that time. Among these was one car that many quipped to be destined for classic status from the beginning: the third-generation Mazda RX-7. This is how that car came to be.
The Lineage
The third-generation RX-7, along with the Eunos Cosmo, were the ultimate development of two long-running lineages at Mazda. In a way, both cars are direct descendants of the Cosmo Sport, Mazda’s first rotary production car and the world’s first car powered by a two-rotor rotary engine, with the Eunos Cosmo bearing its name and the RX-7 bearing its pure sports car form.
Though the RX-7 first appeared in 1978, it has some parentage in the Savanna, which was the RX-3’s name in Japan. The first two generations of the RX-7’s full name was “Savanna RX-7” in the home market, and also inherited the Savanna RX-3’s racing duties.
Curiously, the original RX-7 came to be partly as a result of the oil crisis of 1973. After the Cosmo Sport debuted in 1967, Mazda quickly extended the rotary offering into the rest of its lineup. Beginning with the common Familia and the aristocratic Luce Rotary Coupé, the rotary engine was an option on nearly every Mazda model by the mid-1970s. Even the Chantez kei car was developed with the rotary in mind, though the planned single-rotor engine never made it to production.
While such extensive rotary infiltration may be what JNCers and Mazdafarians daydream about, the oil crisis of 1973 spelled sales trouble for the lineup, as rotaries were not exactly miserly with fuel. Those who lived through the ordeal recall mint Familia Rotarys being common at salvage yards in Japan back then.
Faced with this potentially devastating predicament, Mazda took up two acts in response. The first was self-preservation through efficient economy cars such as the Mizer and GLC. The second act was a feat of outright heroism and ingenuity.
The rotary engine was deeply lodged in Mazda’s culture and spirit. It was and is a point of pride and a passion not easily relinquished. As such, Mazda was unwilling to turn its back on its engineering centerpiece. They worked hard on fuel economy and emissions cleanliness, but it was hard to counter the objective reality of development lag and even harder to change public perception.
The rotary engine, however, was perfect for a sports car. Its small dimensions would benefit both weight distribution and design, while its high-revving nature suited a lightweight canyon carver. And it had racing pedigree to boot. In the face of the oil crisis, then, a specialty sports car was Mazda’s answer to keeping the rotary engine alive.
If this were all dramatized by Hollywood, then about this time someone would be shouting, “It’s so crazy it just might work!” It was, and it did. Mazda had in fact been contemplating a rotary sports car for some time, and the proposal that carried forward was a lightweight compact sports car. The eventual Project X605 became the SA22C Savanna RX-7.
Unveiled in 1978 in Japan, it was an immediate hit with enthusiasts and the buying public alike, much like the S30 Z. It quickly launched into the competition arena to continue the rotary’s racing legacy, winning its class at the 24 Hours of Daytona at debut and Spa 24 Hours three years later. It would become the winningest model in IMSA racing history and launch a sports car legend. Not bad, or perhaps just what you’d expect, for a car borne from such challenging times.
The Progression
The first-generation RX-7 was a sports car sensation, but it was also a rather basic car. Penned by Matasaburo Maeda (father of Ikuo Maeda, Mazda’s current global design chief), it was clothed in innovative lines, but underneath it housed basic components such as a live-axle rear suspension. Indeed, this simplicity was part of its magic, but the competition, especially from other Japanese companies, was heating up by the mid-1980s. Thus the second-generation car, the FC3S, was to be much more sophisticated.
Debuted at the 1985 Tokyo Motor Show, the new RX-7 was larger, wrapped in a more mature design and loaded with contemporary technology. The suspension was now independent all around and featured two advanced developments. The first was the Dynamic Tracking Suspension System that used a combination of suspension geometry and special bushings to produce passive rear wheel steering. The second was the optional Auto-Adjusting Suspension with electronically adjustable dampers with three levels of firmness.
The engine now featured fuel injection — previewed on the first generation GSL-SE — with a six-port induction naturally aspirated version and an intercooled version with twin-scroll turbocharger. Even the pop-up headlights were trick, with a parallelogram mechanism that moves them vertically and allows them to function through the small windows in the bumper when lowered.
Being larger and more civilized than the SA22C, the FC outclassed its predecessor. Its performance and development enabled it to easily keep up with contemporary sports cars. In 1986, Takaharu “Koby” Kobayakawa became the RX-7’s program manager. Koby-san was one of the famed “47 Samurai” during the rotary engine’s development and one of the engineers who worked on the Cosmo Sport racing program at Marathon de la Route.
Under Koby-san’s reign came the Infini models, a series of four limited edition high performance “driving specials” in the home market, all of which were two-seater, manual transmission cars notable for suspension improvements. The goal was to sharply focus the sports driving side of the model through evolutionary development and to help develop the next generation car.
The Infinis were effectively previews of the third generation RX-7 as Koby-san pushed to extract further performance and dynamic improvements with each iteration. They were hard core sports cars, canvases for Koby’s vision and brilliance to shine through. An example of the final version, Infini IV, was sent to the US and tested by Road & Track in 1991. Their reaction: “Through the years, we’ve seen sports cars grow larger, softer, and heavier, which makes Mazda’s reversal of the trend even more exciting. Let’s hope that this Japanese-market Infini’s chassis is truly representative of the new generation’s.”
The Sports Car Marvel
Development of the third generation RX-7 began in late 1986 under Koby’s direction. By this time, the upcoming MX-5 Miata was already expected to occupy the lightweight and affordable sports car niche, thus clearing the way for the RX-7 to climb up the performance ladder as a specialty sports car. Members of Koby’s team included key people such as Takao Kijima and Nobuhiro Yamamoto — all three of whom would play important roles in the 787B’s Le Mans victory in 1991. Kijima would later lead the RX-7’s evolution and the NB and NC Miatas’ development, while Yamamoto would become the ND’s program manager.
Koby-san led a focused team with a clear vision for the new RX-7: a high-performance lightweight pure sports car with little compromise. This included a weight reduction program dubbed Operation Z. Effectively, all parts, components, and production methods were meticulously scrutinized to minimize weight, ultimately shaving close to 250 pounds from the final car.
A power increase was in store in conjunction with weight reduction, and the new RX-7 was to adopt a sequential twin-turbo rotary engine like the upcoming Eunos Cosmo. The Cosmo was to have two- and three-rotor options, the 13B- and 20B-REW, but Koby-san rejected the three-rotor for the FD as it would have necessitated, optimally, a larger car.
The two-rotor for the RX-7, however, was not just the Cosmo’s 13B-REW with software changes. To suit sports car rather than grand tourer driving (i.e., frequent and sustained higher revs), the RX-7’s 13B-REW had different casting for the rotor housing as well as larger and faster-spinning turbochargers. The result was a higher output and redline for the RX-7’s engine.
On the chassis, the new RX-7 employed double wishbones at all four corners. Ventilated disc brakes were used all around as well, and the Power Plant Frame that debuted on the NA Miata — essentially a rigid backbone that connects the drivetrain to differential — greatly improved structural integrity. The new car weighed in around 2800 pounds with an ideal 50:50 weight distribution.
In terms of styling, Mazda turned to four design centers around the world for an in-house competition: Hiroshima, Yokohama, Irvine, and Worthing (UK; International Automotive Design, as construction of Mazda’s design center near Frankfurt was still underway then). Proposals were submitted from all teams with different design interpretations of a flagship sports car under the directions of chief designer Yoichi Sato. The two finalists chosen were from Hiroshima and Irvine.
Curiously, the general theme of these two designs were somewhat opposite. The Hiroshima design was short-hood, long-tail, to evoke Mazda’s Le Mans prototype racers. Tom Matano, Mazda’s design chief at Irvine, anticipated this and decided to keep to the RX-7’s tradition of long-hood, short-tail. The eventual winning design came from Irvine and was developed by WuHuang Chin, an Art Center graduate. Further design work was a collaboration between Hiroshima and Irvine, resulting in one of the most timeless and beautiful sports car designs of all time.
The FD3S RX-7 debuted at the 1991 Tokyo Motor Show, on a revolving rotor-shaped platform no less. It was marketed under the ɛ̃fini brand, one of the two premium Mazda divisions created for the home market at the time. The Savanna name was no longer attached. Three trims were offered at debut: Type S was the base model, Type R the sports model, and Type X the fully-loaded luxury model. The FD made its way to the US the following year as a 1993 model similarly trimmed as the Japanese counterpart (Base, R1, and Touring).
The press gave immediate acclaim, as it was one of the few next-generation sports cars that brought down size and weight and dialed up on the pure sports car formula. The new RX-7 would go on to occupy Car and Driver’s Ten Best list every year it was sold in the US. Its dynamic, power, balance, and design were all points of excellence, though the R1 was deemed a bit too track-focused by some American journalists.
The FD found in its peers sports car luminaries — Z32 300ZX, NSX, Supra, R32 Skyline GT-R, 3000GT VR-4 — all of which would eventually fall prey to two man-made disasters: burst of the Japanese asset price bubble and the SUV craze. By the mid-90s, sports cars and coupes, especially those costing upwards of $40,000, struggled to find buyers in significant numbers. The FD lasted in the US a mere three years, with the final supply of 1995 model year cars not selling off until 1997.
The Evolution
Though it was pulled from the US market after 1995, the RX-7 did continue on in its home market for quite some time. Having become the RX-7’s program manager in 1992, Takao Kijima carried the torch of RX-7’s evolutionary development. Like Koby-san and the FC’s Infini series, Kijima developed the even more sports-focused Type RZ, the first of which debuted in 1992. It featured suspension upgrades including Showa shocks as well as special Pirelli tires, a different gearbox and drive ratios, and a pair of Recaro bucket seats. Notably, it was the only two-seater (as opposed to 2+2) Japanese model at the time.
Numerous other special editions appeared in Japan, some celebrating the FD’s racing success at Bathurst in Australia. Many of these were effectively minor trim and optional packages, while the first major change came in 1996. The 13B-REW saw a 10hp increase in output, while round elements appeared in the taillights. The spoiler was replaced by a new “whale tail” design, and minor changes were introduced for the interior.
The following year saw the Type RS-R in celebration of the rotary engine’s 30th anniversary, featuring some functional equipment from the Type RZ. The ɛ̃fini brand was shuttered after 1997, and the RX-7 was marketed as a Mazda again…now proudly wearing the new “flying M” emblem.
The biggest change, however, came in 1999 with FD’s most significant facelift and a prominent adjustable wing of new design. The engine’s output was brought up to 280 PS in the high output models, while the interior saw further refinement with modern safety features. The Type RZ made a return as a limited edition sports model, and the RX-7 soldiered on with a few more special editions and finished production in 2002 with the Spirit R series.
The FD3S RX-7 was always destined to become a classic. Its singularly focused purpose throughout development is lore in its own right, and it represents the pure ideals of the sports car as well as the logical progression of its own lineage. Few cars are so meticulously molded with such care, beauty, and integrity — one can easily see that it was exactly what its makers wanted. Though many are eager to opine on its mechanical intricacies, even more hold the FD to the highest regard and desire in their hearts. It has become a genuine legend.
Here in the US, this is made apparent by the value of these RX-7s, though that may also reflect diminishing numbers of an already rare car. More than ever, this is a car worth not just owning, but preserving, for it represents a rare instance when passionate carmakers pushed for and got their dream car out into the real world. At 25 years old, it is now an official Japanese nostalgic car, but the FD is a timeless piece of design and engineering. With the future of the rotary engine uncertain and hurtling towards autonomous and electric vehicles, the FD RX-7’s beauty and pure sports car ideals could very well make it the last of its kind.
Images courtesy of Mazda.
This post is filed under: 25 Year Club and
tagged: Efini, mazda, rotary engine, rx-7, RX-Vision, savanna.
15 Responses to 25 YEAR CLUB: FD3S Mazda RX-7
Cesariojpn said:
No mention of Initial D? That’s probably the first taste of the FD young enthusiasts had.
atx said:
Depends on the age group and interests. Many were shaped by Gran Turismo.
Mine was gran turismo never watched the show till I was alot older and was more about the ae86 inthough
Ant said:
Certainly the case for me – I’d been playing Gran Turismo for a decade before I’d heard of Initial D.
j_tso said:
I’d say there was more exposure from the Fast and the Furious, at least in the USA.
Pedro Catalão said:
In my case was when I played The Need For Speed (first version of the PC game) back in ’94… the yellow FD has been a favourite since then 🙂
CJP said:
I remember CAR magazine doing a twin test of a UK spec FD3S against a 968 back in 1992 and as a result have had a 2001 Type R Bathurst R for the last 3 years. No 25 year age restrictions in the UK. Other than a Racing Beat stainless exhaust, it is as it left the factory. A fantastic looking car and it puts a smile on my face every time I get behind the wheel.
Jacob Brown said:
Back when the FD was being developed on the Nurburgring, engineers were there alongside Nissan’s Skyline GT-R development team. Subsequently, said engineers felt inclined to make their car go around the track faster than the Nissan and didn’t stop until they did.
Timmyboyracer said:
Awesome write up on the FD, I love mine so much.
Mombonumber5rx7 said:
I love my rx7. Sadly they are getting harder and harder to come by. If your looking at investing in one of these beautiful vehicles don’t buy one thats been modded and especially don’t buy one that’s salvaged (lol even if they tell you it’s due to theft,lol it’s usually a lie…Plus it’s still salvaged) Also try to stick to the manual transmission.
Ryan said:
Although they ironed out most of the kinks by the end of the production run, Mazda never could get the bumpers to colour match very well! (yes, yes, I know, Plastics vs Metal, etc. etc.)
One of Mazda’s finest – such a good chassis. These cars are so enjoyable to drive even without the need for heavy tuning.
on December 28, 2016 at 10:44 pm
i would like to have fd chassis on my fc3s turbo 😀
Matt said:
At 25, even the FDs are now officially a Antiques. Having said that, my yellow FD still looks brand new, albeit a bit more aggressive with 17″ Fikse rims/275/40 tires….and it’s been lowered ~ 1 inch. People are always trying to get me to run it…very rarely I will if they become like a knat that needs to perhaps get swatted ;o) I enjoy having my sequential twin R1 as it’s a 10 sec car – I don’t get overpowered by newer cars that obviously the latest in various technologies. I do enjoy having the 5 Spd….I don’t think I’d buy a new car without a Manual – it engages you with the car unlike even the slickest Autos (ie Porsche PDK, etc). Go Rotary!
“It was and is a point of pride and a passion not easily relinquished. As such, Mazda was unwilling to turn its back on its engineering centerpiece.”
This, so much – by 1975 the Wankel had literally sunk NSU which held the patents and had been first bought out by and then disappeared into VW – technically the Ro80 held on until 1977 but everyone knew it was only a matter of time before it was dropped without replacement to expand Golf production capacity. GM – General Motors, then undisputed top dog of the industry, had walked away from its’ Wankel program without a single production rotary-powered car. Only Mazda had made it work, had realized any of the theoretical potential of it.
Tom Westmacott said:
Thanks for a great write-up on a great car.
It’s hard to put into words how fun the FD is to drive, how eagerly it turns in, the exquisite cornering balance that responds proportionally to every minute throttle input, the little inertia drift when you get too optimistic in high-speed curves, the way it sits down on its haunches and blasts up the next straight, kicking again as the rotary gets a second wind above 4,500 rpm and the second turbo chimes in.
Yes, it rolls and pitches somewhat, but that just means you have to work with the weight transfer to unlock its’ true talents – the low centre of gravity means it never lurches or loses its poise. The whole car is so willing, the engine devoid of any harshness that it just eggs you on to drive it harder, waiting for the buzzer to shift up, downshifting in a flare of revs, trail-braking into the apex. The way it needs you, the driver to be fully engaged in the drive separates it from cars that are merely objectively fast, and makes it a true sports car.
Every time I see mine outside my front door, I consider myself so lucky that a band of dedicated car-nuts got away with making such an uncompromised pure sports car, and that I am lucky enough to have one.
Leave a Reply to Pedro Catalão Cancel reply
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KATHRYN SCHORR IS AWESOME.
Kathryn Schorr began her professional career in the San Diego Reparatory Theater’s longest running production: “A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum”, directed by founder Sam Woodhouse.
Her singing and songwriting background led to the formation of her band “Kathryn Calling” and she moved to Los Angeles to promote her first album “Saturn Diaries’ co-produced with Grammy award winning guitar player/producer Jaime Kime. Still playing clubs with her band throughout Los Angeles, Kathryn was cast in her first national commercial and has appeared in dozens more including a “funniest commercial of the year winner” for Seattle’s Woodland Zoo, where while acting like a grizzly bear she ate a live trout from a fish tank. Ah, good times.
Kathryn studied comedy under Scott Sedita and later helped him develop and teach his “Eight Character of Comedy” on camera class and intensives with the amazing Todd Rohrbacher. During her time at Sedita’s Studios, the best selling book “The Eight Characters of Comedy” was published.
In 2008, Kathryn began doing stand-up, and can be seen performing her set at comedy clubs throughout Los Angeles include the world famous Comedy Store.
She is currently finishing her fifth screenplay, "Restoration Inc." a romantic comedy, as well as scripted sit-com about her life at the medical marijuana collective. She is also busy producing her non-scripted webshow, “Kathryn Schorr Man on the Street.”
(c) 2021 Kathryn Schorr. All rights reserved. Website by Letter Eye Media
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Memorial evening of Leonid Kadenyuk, the first cosmonaut of independent Ukraine
Friday, 16 March 2018 09:34
March 16, 2018 Professor Nadezhda Armash and Dmitry Bezzubov, professor of the Department of Economic, Air and Space Law of the Educational and Scientific Law Institute took part in the evening-requiem dedicated to the memory of Hero of Ukraine, the first cosmonaut of independent Ukraine Leonid Kadenyuk.
The event took place in the Column Hall of the Kyiv City State Administration with the participation of the Chairman of the State Space Agency of Ukraine Petra Degtyarenko, the Chairman of the Board of the Ukrainian Youth Aerospace Association Sozvezdie Oleg Petrov, the People's Deputy of Ukraine Sergey Taruta, close colleagues and friends of the famous cosmonaut.
Leonid Kadenyuk was trained for space flight in NASA on the US space shuttle as a payload specialist. In 1995, he joined the group of cosmonauts of the National Space Agency of Ukraine. From November 19 to December 5, 1997, made a space flight on the US Columbia Columbia (STS-87) space mission. He took part in the development and testing of aerospace systems, in their sketch and prototyping.
The memory of the outstanding cosmonaut, who has always entered the history of space exploration, will always live in the hearts of citizens of Ukraine. Future experts in the field of space law will adequately continue the development of Ukraine as a space power.
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College of Life and Environmental Sciences
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The University of Exeter is shortlisted in four categories in the THE Awards 2020
University of Exeter nominated for four “Oscars of higher education”
The University of Exeter has been nominated for four “Oscars of higher education” which honour the best teaching and research in the country.
The University is shortlisted in four categories in the THE Awards, which celebrate outstanding talent and performance across the higher education sector - Business School of the Year, Research Project of the Year: Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Technological or Digital Innovation of the Year and Research Project of the Year: STEM.
Professor Lisa Roberts, University of Exeter Vice Chancellor, said: “Our researchers and educators not only produce the highest quality research and student experience, but work to improve the lives of people around the world; we are thrilled that their contribution has been recognised. Congratulations to all those shortlisted.”
The University of Exeter Business School has been shortlisted for its commitment to finding sustainable ways of addressing the major challenges facing business and society through its research and teaching.
Professor David Allen, Dean of the Business School, said: “It is an honour to be nominated. THE recognition is a great support for us to continue working forward to find practical solutions to the climate and environmental emergency.”
Places of Poetry, run by Professor Andrew McRae, is nominated for Research Project of the Year: Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. The project inspired 3,200 writers to write poems about Britain’s diverse landscape, identity and heritage. People of all ages ‘pinned’ their verses onto a distinctive digital map. Railway stations, villages, coffee shops and supermarkets libraries all feature in the 7,500 pinned poems, available online for anyone to read. Public workshops were held at some of the country’s most spectacular places in summer 2019, from Hadrian’s Wall to The Oval, with renowned poets such as Jo Bell, Kayo Chingonyi and Zaffar Kunial giving guidance on writing and producing new work inspired by their Places of Poetry experience.
Professor McRae said: “I’m delighted that our project, by and for poets of England and Wales, has been recognized for its academic quality as well as its wide public appeal. Our map of poems provides thousands of fresh perspectives on the places people know and love, and the ways in which they understand their relationship to this country.”
The project Interactive Virtual Environments for Teaching and Assessment (InVEnTA) was nominated for Technological or Digital Innovation of the Year. Academics in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences have developed an extraordinary technological innovation which enables educators to easily create interactive virtual environments for a wide-range of teaching applications. One particularly useful application of the software given the current Covid-19 travel restrictions is in creating virtual 3D field trips to almost anywhere in the world. The latest 3D visualisation and gaming techniques are used to take students and researchers to remote environments from Africa to the Arctic Circle, without leaving the classroom. The project’s distributing partner is Learning On Screen
The project is led by Dr Steven Palmer, Senior Lecturer in Geography, who said: “Being shortlisted for this prestigious award couldn’t have happened at a better time as we will soon be making InVEnTA available for use by other universities and educational organisations. It’s great that THE have recognised the potential of the software for creating engaging learning experiences in a wide-variety of settings."
Academics nominated for Research Project of the Year: STEM have created tree-based agricultural systems that nourish the soil, improve cattle grazing and feed economically poor Brazilian smallholders in the Amazon "Arc of Deforestation". More than 60 hectares of land have been planted with legume trees from the diverse Inga genus, improving incomes and future prospects smallholder families. The project is also planting community seed orchards to solve the issue of availability of Inga seed (which cannot be stored) and supporting a microcredit finance scheme to assist smallholders.
Previous years have seen nominees gather for a gala reception in London, but this year the winners will be announced in a virtual ceremony on 26 November.
John Gill, THE editor, said that while this year’s awards “will differ from previous years, the purpose remains the same: to highlight and champion the very best of the talent and creativity that shines out from our universities”.
He added: “In 2020 more than ever, it is vital to recognise and shout about those achievements – and we have been gratified by the huge number of entries at a time when university staff had so many demands on their time.
“The shortlists are packed with the qualities that will carry UK higher education through this tumultuous period and on to even greater success.”
Read more University News
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The Goldingay Bible Clinic
John and Kathleen ponder the Bible with you
OT Introduction Resources
The Kathleen and John Show is for our friends and students who want to muse about life and the Bible along with us. We will give you a glimpse into our personal life– we have lots of fun—and we want everyone to READ THE BIBLE, for themselves, with an open mind, asking quality questions.
Kathleen Scott Goldingay is a retired architect who received her Masters of Theology from Fuller Theological Seminary in 2012. She writes novels, screenplays, and blogs. She has one grown daughter, Katie-Jay Scott Stauring, who with her husband Gabriel Stauring empower and connect us with global communities in crises through their NGO i-ACT.
Kathleen married Dr. John Goldingay, the David Allan Hubbard Professor of Old Testament at Fuller Theological Seminary, in 2010. At the time, John was also Priest-in-Charge of St. Barnabas Episcopal Church, Pasadena, California.
Since we moved back to Oxford, UK, in April 2018, John is emeritus in both these positions and is taking a well earned jubilee year! We have a new flat on the Castle Mill Stream, where we have retired to write.
John Goldingay studied theology at Oxford, has a PhD from the University of Nottingham and a DD from the Archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth. He was principal and professor of Old Testament and Hebrew at St. John’s Theological College in Nottingham, England before he moved to sunny California in 1997. John was married to Ann for 43 years and has two adult sons, Steven and Mark. Ann lived with MS for their entire marriage and passed away in 2009.
John says, “For me, being a professor was a subset of being a pastor.”
Kathleen and John often speak at Society of Biblical Literature Conferences. John is also a member of the Society for Old Testament Study, serves on the Task Force for Biblical Interpretation in the Anglican Communion, and the editorial board for the Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies.
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Bishop calls for 50% women in fed parly
Former deputy Liberal leader Julie Bishop says women need to take up 50 per cent of federal parliamentary seats before the toxic misogyny she witnessed during her 20-year political career ends.
Ms Bishop, who retired from politics at the 2018 election, told Andrew Denton on Seven’s Interview program on Tuesday night that with more women representatives, bad behaviour and misogyny would be called out.
She described as “grotesque in its brutality” and “pathetic” the sexualisation of Australia’s first female prime minister, Julia Gillard, during a 2013 Liberal Nationals party fundraising dinner in Queensland.
The former WA representative blamed her male colleagues for creating a culture that allowed a “Kentucky Fried” quail dish to be likened to the Labor leader as having “small breasts, huge thighs and a big red box”, The Daily Telegraph reports on Wednesday.
“We have to remember that in recent times, parliament was all male. And so you had a whole bunch of men in Canberra and they set the rules, they set the customs, the precedence and the environment. It was all men,” Ms Bishop said.
“There was very much that culture around politics, even though (Australians) were world-leading as the first to simultaneously grant women the right to vote and the right to stand for parliament … but that kind of behaviour’s just pathetic,” she said.
Ms Bishop said only with a greater number of female representatives would such misogyny and bad behaviour be called out.
“There must be a critical mass of women, and 50 per cent sounds like a good idea,” she said.
“So I would think that the more women that are in politics, the more they would say that behaviour is unacceptable. So I think the numbers really do matter in this instance.”
Categories: Business, Politics
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Home Speech Program Student Contests Sponsors Updates Contact
Honorary Chair Announced
Ambassador Andrew Young Jr. has agreed to serve as honorary chair for the 50th Anniversary Celebration of Martin Luther King Jr.’s March on Ballot Boxes Speech. Ambassador Young joined Dr. King on his visit to Kingstree in 1966 and was a valued member of Dr. King’s inner circle. Ambassador Young was an activist for the civil rights movement in the 1960s and later became a member of Congress, mayor of Atlanta and U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. The planning committee for this event is extremely honored and grateful for Ambassador Young’s willingness to serve as the event’s honorary chair. To learn more about Ambassador Young, visit the Andrew J. Young Foundation website.
Congressman Clyburn Recalls Speech
U.S. Congressman James Clyburn was a young man sitting in the crowd on the damp, rainy Mother’s Day in Kingstree in 1966. He was one of thousands who came to hear Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. share his message about the importance of a newfound right for African Americans – the right to vote! In Congressman Clyburn’s own words.
“My wife Emily and I were in attendance on that spring day in Kingstree, nearly 50 years ago, when Dr. King sounded his clarion call to “march to the ballot box.” We were inspired toward a lifetime of service and engagement. As we look back on that momentous occasion and reflect on Dr. King’s call, we must also look forward. The struggle for voting rights and voter engagement continues and each of us must do our part to take up Dr. King’s work and make it our own.”
Congressman Clyburn and his staff join the entire town of Kingstree, Williamsburg County and our planning committee in the excitement of this once-in-a-lifetime commemorative celebration.
Sponsorship Opportunities Available
Sponsorships are available for businesses, organizations and individuals interested in being a part of this commemorative celebration. With an anticipated attendance that mirrors or exceeds the original crowd in 1966 (5,000+), sponsors will have the opportunity to demonstrate their support of Dr. King’s message to his fellow Americans to “see the power” and use the rights and freedoms bestowed upon them to make a difference at the polls. Download our sponsorship packet for information on various levels and how you can get involved.
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A Title Insurance Underwriter’s View On Massachusetts Foreclosure Practice After The Ibanez Ruling
by Rich Vetstein on January 12, 2011
Guest Post By Harold Clark, Esq., New England Regional Counsel for Westcor Land Title Insurance Company.
On January 7, 2011, the Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) rendered its decision in the U.S. Bank v. Ibanez case. Before discussing the Court’s decision, here is a brief review of the procedural history of the case.
The Land Court’s decision in the Ibanez case and its two consolidated cases had created a conflict with the Massachusetts Real Estate Bar Association’s Title Standard #58 and its underlying rationale. Pursuant to the title standard, a title is not defective by reason of “The recording of an assignment of Mortgage executed either prior, or subsequent, to foreclosure where said Mortgage has been foreclosed, of record, by the Assignee.” In a nutshell, this means that if B forecloses a mortgage originally held by A, it is immaterial whether A’s assignment predates or postdates the foreclosure sale.
In Ibanez and in the other two companion cases-Rosario and Larace-the Land Court ruled on the validity of three different scenarios relating to the date of the assignment vis- a- vis the date of the first publication of the mortgagee’s sale of real estate/foreclose sale. In Rosario, the assignment was in existence and in recordable form (although not recorded) at the time of the first publication. In Larace, the assignment was dated after the date of first publication but had an “effective date” which predated the first publication. In Ibanez, the assignment was executed after the date of first publication.
At first blush, based on the Title Standard, it would appear that all three foreclosures were valid. Unfortunately, the Land Court disagreed. In fact, the Land Court found that only the Rosario foreclosure was valid. The Land Court held that G.L. c. 244, Section 14 must be given by the “holder of the mortgage.” Failure to do so renders the “sale void as a matter of law.” As a result, the foreclosures in Ibanez and Larace were invalidated since they did not comply with the statute. The Land Court held that it is not necessary to record the assignment prior to publishing but only that it be in existence and in recordable form at such time.
The plaintiffs filed a motion to vacate the judgment. On October 14, 2009, Judge Long rendered his decision which denied the plaintiff’s motion to vacate the judgment.
The Land Court noted that in each case the bank was the only bidder and bought back at a discount from appraised value which wiped out the defendants’ equity and created a deficiency. The foreclosing mortgagees could not get title insurance. The plaintiffs suggested that there were documents that would demonstrate that pre-notice and pre-foreclosure assignments existed. The Land Court granted the plaintiffs leave to produce such documents provided they were in the form they were in at the time the foreclosure sale was noticed and conducted. The plaintiffs produced the notes and assignments in blank which are not suitable for recording since there is no assignee listed. The Land Court found that the plaintiffs’ own securitization documents showed that such assignments were required. With all available files, it took 10 months in one of the cases and 14 in the other to obtain the assignments in recordable form. Such a burden should not fall on the high bidder at the foreclosure sale. “A bidder does not expect to purchase the right to a potential lawsuit, which only entitle him or her to actually obtain the property if such lawsuit is successful.”
The plaintiffs argued that they followed “industry standards and practice.” The Land Court said that if this is true, they should seek a change in the law.
The SJC granted direct appellate review and affirmed the Land Court’s judgment. The SJC held that “We agree with the judge that the plaintiffs, who were not the original mortgagees, failed to make the required showing that they were the holders of the mortgages at the time of foreclosure. As a result, they did not demonstrate that the foreclosure sales were valid to convey title to the subject properties, and their requests for a declaration of clear title were properly denied.”
The plaintiffs had the burden of proving the validity of their foreclosures. Since Massachusetts is a non-judicial foreclosure state, there must be strict compliance with the terms of the statutory power of sale. The Court noted that only “the mortgagee or his executors, administrators, successors or assigns” can exercise the statutory power of sale.
Unlike the Land Court, however, the Court continued:
“We do not suggest that an assignment must be in recordable form at the time of the notice of sale or the subsequent foreclosure sale, although recording is likely the better practice. Where a pool of mortgages is assigned to a securitized trust, the executed agreement that assigns the pool of mortgages, with a schedule of the pooled mortgage loans that clearly and specifically identifies the mortgage at issue as among those assigned, may suffice to establish the trustee as the mortgage holder. However, there must be proof that the assignment was made by a party that itself held the mortgage.”
The Court ruled that possession of the note does not allow the holder to foreclose.
“In Massachusetts, where a note has been assigned but there is no written assignment of the mortgage underlying the note, the assignment of the note does not carry with it the assignment of the mortgage. Rather, the holder of the mortgage holds the mortgage in trust for the purchaser of the note, who has an equitable right to obtain an assignment of the mortgage, which may be accomplished by filing an action in court and obtaining an equitable order of assignment.”
The Court stated that “the mortgages securing these notes are still legal title to someone’s home or farm and must be treated as such.”
The Court was not persuaded that post-foreclosure assignments were valid pursuant to REBA Title Standard No. 58 and industry practice. The Court found that such “reliance is misplaced because this proposition is contrary to…G.L. c.244, Section 14.”
The Court rejected the warning in REBA’s amicus brief that “If the rule as announced in these decisions is not limited to prospective application, inequitable results that will cause hardship and injustice are inevitable, and will likely be widespread.”
The Court noted that its rulings are prospective only if they make a “significant change in the common law.” Such was not the case here where the law was well settled. “All that has changed is the plaintiffs’ apparent failure to abide by those principles and requirements in the rush to sell mortgage-backed securities.” In a concurring opinion, this was referred to as “the utter carelessness with which the plaintiff banks documented the titles of their assets.”
As Judge Long had suggested in his decision, perhaps it is time to change the law. Since the SJC began its discussion by noting that “Massachusetts does not require a mortgage holder to obtain judicial authorization to foreclose on a mortgaged property,” and reading between the lines, one solution would be for Massachusetts to adopt judicial foreclosures. Another possibility would be to return to the earlier practice in which the Land Court/Superior Court would review and approve in writing the foreclosure documents prior to recording. Perhaps the easiest solution would be to require the plaintiff in its Complaint to Foreclose Mortgage to cite the recording information for the assignment(s) by which it became the holder rather than simply to state “Your plaintiff is the assignee and holder of a mortgage.” If the assignments did not exist, the complaint could not be filed.
I think that the problem in Ibanez is that US Bank laid out the chain of title to the mortgages on the record but then could not document the supposed assignments into it. Justice Cordy referred to this as utter carelessness. Therefore, I don’t think that reforeclosure is possible since US Bank can’t show that it was either then or now the holder.
In general, I believe that you can reforeclose under the theory that since the original foreclosure was invalid, the power of sale was never exercised.
The case stands for the proposition that the foreclosing lender must be the holder of the mortgage at the time of foreclosure. The SJC said that this is well established law and that reliance on REBA Title Standard No. 58 is misplaced as it is contrary to the law.
It will be interesting to see how “widespread” the SJC’s decision becomes.
If you would like to discuss this or any other issue, please contact me directly via email.
Harold Clarke, Esq.
New England Regional Counsel, Westcor Land Title Insurance Co.
Land Court Dismisses Foreclosure Challenge Under New Title Clearing Act
Appeals Court Upholds MERS Mortgage Assignment System
Act Clearing Titles To Foreclosed Properties Now Effective
Foreclosure Title Clearance Bill Signed Into Law
Title Insurance Companies Balk At Insuring Foreclosed Properties
Tagged as: Massachusetts Ibanez ruling, title insurance and Ibanez ruling, Westcor Title Insurance
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Wetlands, Swamps and Buffer Zones: A Primer on Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Law
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Home / New Music and Video / Interviews and Features / JOHN WHORISKEY, JR. on making it in a DIY world
JOHN WHORISKEY, JR. on making it in a DIY world
By Derek Burns on September 6, 2018
John Whoriskey, Jr., or “Johnny” of Bright EYED Music, is back, three years later and still double fisting artistic vision with DIY representation. Following time teleporting back and forth from LA to NY to his home state of MA, this time around Johnny lends insight into pushing outreach in an increasingly saturated, social-media/streaming dominated industry. Among other perspectives, Whoriskey Jr. shares his secret ingredient to staying true to himself while reaching a wider audience, stresses a need to approach DIY recording and representation from all sides at once, and keeping the fun in the grind.
His latest EP release, Nothing Lasts Forever, was released in a single format over the course of several weeks by way of a new Bright EYED video series called Ice Cream Sundays, which drops regularly on YouTube. Performer had the pleasure of linking back up with the singer/songwriter to discuss new tracks, an evolving sound and identity from rapper to singer.
Your new record differs from the last EP in terms of sound, but also has a clear link in content. What decisions went into the shift?
I just think that I wanted to be more known as a singer than as a rapper. And I try to steer people away from saying, ‘Oh, this is rap music,’ because — yeah, I can rap, and the flows have a kinda urban sound to it, but…I just want to sing more. Especially with this project being sadder and more serious, I wanted it to be more melodic and be able to try to push my range a bit more.
Could you detail the recording approach?
[I’d] moved to LA, had a really strong feeling I wanted to just get in the studio and make music, and I thought like, just doing that and really focusing on it, getting out there and making the music, was gonna be a fucking homerun. You know?
It’s really helped me find my footing as an artist. Now, it wasn’t my hit EP, but it was one that really helped me get to know that I can do this, that I can make the music I want to make. Now I’m like, ‘just keep going.’ But [in] L.A., I was only focused on music. I didn’t have a day job, had some money saved up. I moved out there, lived with a friend. The room I stayed in didn’t really have a door. But it was awesome, I loved it there. I had so many friends, so much support there. There was so much music being made there, written there. It really inspired me to work hard.
So, I was in the studio a bunch, and cut a [lot] of vocals and really got the core of my project and then I had to move back to NY. So, I moved back and auditioned for this show — and they liked me, but they ended up chopping the show. So that was a letdown. I had another A&R I was talking to — thought that was going to pan out. That totally fell apart. Went to the studio, worked in two studios in NY: this place called The Brewery, where I basically did the mixing and mastering for “Right Now” — that’s in East Bushwick — and there’s the main studio I work out of called Shifted Recordings. Those guys are just starting out, and I was just trying to get in there with them early, and, you know, a lot of them are from Boston. My engineer is from Medford, so we hit it off. So, I worked there to get a bunch of different sessions.
The lyrical content is [on the new release] is earnest — uprooting and re-uprooting; heartache and break; a distinctive catch me if you can mentality — and pays homage to previous tracks but is more specific. Tell us how you feel about that appraisal.
I mean yeah, I got my heart run over. By a Hummer, H2. But it wasn’t a “fuck my ex-girlfriend” project. It wasn’t that at all.
Just talking about the ways you’re hurting and making sense of it? Sounds like R&B.
Exactly. And for the relationship stuff, I’m at fault too. I’m not here to talk shit about people from my past to bury them, I’m just here to tell you how I feel…
How does that writing style and your navigation of DIY promotion mash up?
I think that it’s hard to look around and see all these musicians, artists, who have made it so young, and [not] feel like I’ve been going at it for a while now. Especially doing it on my own. As a male pop/R&B artist, it’s statistically one of the hardest acts to break. If you get told ‘no’ day after day after day, you’re going to feel like shit about it at some point. I know what it takes, I just wish it didn’t take so long. You keep hitting base hits until you get that homerun.
Best thing about the music business is that it’s so much more accessible than back in the day. Anyone can make music straight out the bedroom and make it. That’s also the worst thing about it. I don’t wanna sit here and make it out like the industry is against me; it’s against everybody … [but] in the long run, it’s made me a better independent artist. Ok you want me to get these Spotify streams up, how do I do that? You can’t just hit up the guy who curates New Music Friday. There are a lot of companies that will present your song to the different playlist curators.
Instagram has been the platform that’s most helpful for me — where I feel like I get the most feedback — [but] I don’t even have my Instagram notifications push anymore. I don’t wanna see that. I’m refreshing enough as it is … I’ve become a fucking foodie. [Laughs] I’m a YouTuber. Inadvertently.
And with that, let’s plug Ice Cream Sundays!
My parents had an ice cream place when I was growing up, called Country Whip. I worked there in high school, and I had this idea a few years ago. It was around the same time as “Good Fridays.” I was infatuated with this idea of releasing something every week and having it be serial. One of the things I was reading said that the best way to give yourself potential is by doing something more than the release. Ice Cream Sundays was that I would release a new song every single week, instead of releasing the whole project at once, and I’ll have visual content from all the Ice Cream places, and the songs, and anything else I’m releasing. I planned the release so it would be the week after, and we dropped a documentary about the making of the project. Now I can just drop whatever I want and just do an Ice Cream Sunday. The thing is ongoing until I feel like not doing it anymore, you know?
Where is Bright EYED Music headed next?
I want to make hit-sounding sounds and just keep hitting them with it. I wanna make so many good songs, they just can’t ignore it. With so many flavors, familiar and strange, who could?
Find Johnny’s new record, Nothing Is Forever, streaming on Spotify and Apple Music, and don’t hesitate to tap over to YouTube for regular Ice Cream Sunday updates — a look inside Johnny’s creative process, and so much of that frozen deliciousness — cone, cup, straw, soft serve, or the hard stuff.
Follow John on Twitter @listentojohnny_
photos by Benny B Stoll
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pdf pills composition
Book reviewkararogersout of nature. why drugs from plants matter to the future of humanity2012university of arizona presstucson216 pp., 8 b&w illustrations, bibliography index. 6.00 in x 9.00 in/isbn 978-0-8165-2969-8 (pb) us $ 19.95michaelheinrich⁎[email protected] for pharmacognosy and phytotherapy, ucl school of pharmacy, university of london, 29–39 brunswick sq., london wc1n 1ax, uk
Out of Nature. Why Drugs from Plants Matter to the Future of the ‘downstream’ aspects of drug development are not covered, Humanity, Kara Rogers. University of Arizona Press, Tucson but it is about what examples exist that allow us humans to use 2012, 216 pp., 8 b&w illustrations, bibliography index. 6.00 in nature. In several of the cases she discusses a more detailed x 9.00 in/ISBN: 978-0-8165-2969-8 (pb) US $ 19.95 analysis would have been useful and would have provided a muchstronger argument for her case. For example, she discusses the We must reconnect with nature, with the world that ulti- failed development of Hoodia. spp. into a medicine for use in mately defines our existence and produces our foods and obesity or diabetes (pp. 148–149), but does not address the complexity its development. It was first developed into a poten-tial medicine (a ‘drug’) and later into a food supplement (i.e. with In the field of biodiversity research and ethnopharmacol- a much weaker or no medical claim). Ultimately, projects to ogy few if any will have doubts about this statement by the develop it into a new food supplement were halted, mostly freelance science writer and senior editor of biomedical because of concerns in terms of safety ).
sciences at Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. We humans not Similarly, one could have incorporated some of the more success- only depend on plants and other elements of the environment ful recent examples of drug discovery like peplin or galanthamine for our daily lives (, but these also offer a diverse set of resources used as food, for building up our environment, One of her key arguments centres on the exciting concept of and as it is most widely studied, as medicines. While all these biophilia or in other words the innate human attraction to life examples highlight the empirical importance of plants ( in the natural world. She argues that in order to reconnect to nature we need to reawaken this drive and that this will be an elements of life and death, a topic which has been a long- essential basis for conservation efforts and developing new standing element in a wide range of academic disciplines (e.g.
drugs. This is a fascinating point and certainly one well worth supporting. However, how was it possible that ‘we’ discon- As is evident from the quote at the beginning K Rogers’ nected to nature and in fact, who did (and who did not) emphasis is on the broader science-based links and certainly less disconnect? Again, as an ethnopharmacologist one could have on local and traditional forms of connecting with nature. In this easy to read and very well argued book she explores the It certainly is less of a book for an advanced (and enclosed) ‘‘Western’’ societies’ relationship with the environment (or nat- scholarly debate, but one would certainly hope that many ure) and the relevance of plant-based natural products to drug decision makers in industry, the societies of the world and politics discovery. This not seen in isolation but linked to the threats engage with such a science-based analysis. It also is certainly associated with the loss of biodiversity.
useful in some undergraduate courses providing examples for Using stories about drug development from natural sources how to make use of biodiversity and on what strategies are she discusses a wide range of biological and environmental needed in order to achieve this. In her style she is very personal and well as pharmacological topics. In a quote on the back and engaging, and the use of stories makes the topics very cover Mark Merlin links the book to ‘‘ethnobotanical aspects accessible. Her dedication to the topic is also shown by her of people-landscape and people plant species relationships’’.
beautiful drawings of plants and maps which illustrate some of However, this is exactly what the book is not about and her key points. However, at the same time this personal style is as such this statement is misleading. It is much more about also a limitation. Telling such stories does not as such provide how humans in Western societies have made use of plants to strategies to overcome these huge problems, and as such the book develop medicines and not about the interdependence of is a call but not a plan for action.
humans and plants especially in local and traditional societies, which remains the key focus of ethnobotany. The book covers many of the core themes discussed today including the responsibilities arising from the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) and subsequent treaties. The book is not Blom, W.A.M., Abrahamse, S.L., Bradford, R., Duchateau, G.S.M.J.E., Theis, W., Orsi, about ‘ready to use’ recipes on how to protect biodiversity, but A., Ward, C.L., Mela, D.J., 2011. Effects of 15-d repeated consumption of Hoodia about the ‘why’. Today ‘nature’ – the communities of plants, gordonii purified extract on safety, ad libitum energy intake, and body weight animals and microorganisms – does not sit in an economic in healthy, overweight women: a randomized controlled trial. The AmericanJournal of Clinical Nutrition 94, 1171–1181.
and political vacuum, but are essential for determining what Etkin, N., 1988. Ethnopharmacology: biobehavioral approaches in the anthropo- actions need to be taken to assess, monitor and conserve them logical study of indigenous medicines. Annual Review of Anthropology 17, Heinrich, M., 2010. Ethnopharmacology and drug development. In: Mander, L., Lui, Also, it is not about the ‘drug discovery pipeline’ as such but H.-W. (Eds.), Comprehensive Natural Products II Chemistry and Biology, Vol. 3.
about the importance of nature in this context. As such many of Book review / Journal of Ethnopharmacology ] (]]]]) ]]]–]]] Heinrich, M., Teoh, H.L., 2004. Galanthamine from snowdrop—the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer’s disease from local Caucasian knowledge.
Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92, 147–162.
UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, Heywood, V., 2011. Ethnopharmacology, food production, nutrition and biodiver- sity conservation: towards a sustainable future for indigenous peoples. Journal 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK Moerman, D.E., 1979. The anthropology of symbolic healing. Current Anthropology Ortiz de Montellano, B., 1975. Empirical Aztec medicine. Science 188, 215–220.
Source: http://www.nasw.org/users/kerogers/Images/ethnopharm_bookreview_outofnature.pdf
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Birth outside of marriage.qxd
4301 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 100, Washington, DC 20008 Phone 202-362-5580 Fax 202-362-5533 www.childtrends.org Births Outside of Marriage: Perceptions vs. Reality By Elizabeth Terry-Humen, M.P.P., Jennifer Manlove, Ph.D. and Kristin A. Moore, Ph.D. Births to unmarried women have risen substantially in recent decades. In 1970, the over- whelming majority of children in this country
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Sechin Confirms Interest in LUKoil Venezuela Stake
Oct. 04 2013 00:00
Rosneft may increase its exposure to oil in Venezuela, the world's top holder of crude oil reserves, by buying LUKoil's stake in a consortium, Rosneft's head Igor Sechin told reporters Thursday.
LUKoil, Russia's second biggest oil producer, has said it wants to sell its 20 percent stake in the Russian consortium helping to develop a large oil project in Venezuela because "it is not a high priority."
LUKoil has been increasing its upstream base by acquiring foreign projects because Russia's energy landscape is increasingly dominated by state-owned companies such as Rosneft and Gazprom.
"LUKoil has been actively engaged in upstream asset acquisitions, I cannot believe that such a resource base as that of Venezuela's is not of an interest," Sechin said.
"If we see an intention to sell, of course, we will hold talks and work on the possibility of increasing Rosneft's stake."
LUKoil is part of the Junin-6 consortium developing heavy oil in the Orinoco basin. The group is led by Rosneft and also includes Gazprom Neft.
The Junin-6 consortium owns a 40 percent stake in the project, which started production in September 2012, while Venezuela's state-run PDVSA has 60 percent.
Russian media have speculated that LUKoil's stake in the Russian consortium could be worth about $200 million.
Venezuela is the world's 11th largest crude exporter but foreign companies operating there have faced price controls and currency devaluations along with threats of nationalization, leading several to quit the country.
Other Russian companies, Surgutneftegaz and TNK-BP, which was bought by Rosneft for $55 billion earlier this year, have also decided to leave the consortium, citing a need to focus on domestic business.
Sechin said Thursday that LUKoil was yet to offer its stake in the consortium.
"When I see it, we will consider it," he said.
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Title: Drexel University
Subject: Head of the Schuylkill Regatta, Formula Hybrid, Drexel University College of Medicine, Wilson Brothers & Company, John Anderson Fry
Collection: 1891 Establishments in Pennsylvania, Association of Independent Technological Universities, Drexel University, Eastern Pennsylvania Rugby Union, Educational Institutions Established in 1891, Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, Technological Universities in the United States, Universities and Colleges in Pennsylvania, Universities and Colleges in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Universities and Colleges in Placer County, California, University City, Philadelphia
Drexel University seal
Drexel Institute (1891-1936),
Drexel Institute of Technology(1936-1970)[1]
Scientiae, Industria, Arte
Science, Industry, Art
1891 (1891)[2]
Academic affiliation
AITU
NAICU
US$ 687.1 million[3]
John Anderson Fry[4]
M. Brian Blake
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Blue and Gold [5]
18 varsity teams
31 sports clubs
Mario the Magnificent
.edu.drexelwww
Drexel University is a private research university with three campuses in Philadelphia and one in Sacramento, California. It was founded in 1891 by Anthony J. Drexel, a noted financier and philanthropist. Drexel offers over 70 full-time undergraduate programs and accelerated degrees.[6] At the graduate level, the university offers over 100 masters, doctoral, and professional programs, many available part-time.[2]
Drexel is best known for the cooperative education program (co-op). Drexel's co-op is regularly ranked as one of the best co-op programs in the United States.[7][8] Participating students have a variety of opportunities to gain up to 18-months of paid full-time working experience before graduation. The university has a large network of more than 1,600 corporate, governmental, and non-profit partners in 28 states and 25 international locations.[9] The employers include top ranked multinational law firms, banks, corporations, and many Fortune 500 companies, such as Goldman Sachs, Microsoft, and Procter & Gamble.
Shanghai Jiao Tong University's academic ranking of world universities ranks Drexel 401-500 and Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed Drexel among the top 200 universities in the World.[10] In U.S. News & World Report's annual "America's Best Colleges List", the university has been ranked consistently among the "Best National Universities – Top Schools."[11] The 2012 rankings place Drexel third in their list of "Up and Coming National Universities" for "promising and innovative changes in the areas of academics, faculty, and student life."[12] In addition, the National Science Foundation and the 2009 Lombardi Report also ranked Drexel among the top 50 private comprehensive research universities. Drexel University ranks #45 among "Research Universities by Salary Potential" in the United States.[13]
Academics 2
Colleges and schools 2.1
Most popular undergraduate majors 2.2
The Drexel Engineering Curriculum (tDEC) 2.3
Co-op program 2.4
Research 2.5
Online education 2.6
Rankings 2.7
University City Main Campus 3.1
Queen Lane Campus 3.2
Center City Hahnemann Campus 3.3
The Academy of Natural Sciences 3.4
Drexel University Sacramento 3.5
Student life 4
Activities 4.1
Student government 4.1.1
Graduate Students Association 4.1.2
Campus Activities Board 4.1.3
Press and radio 4.2
Radio 4.2.1
Television 4.2.2
Publications 4.2.3
Housing 4.3
Greek life 4.4
IFC fraternities 4.4.1
MGC organizations 4.4.2
Sororities 4.4.3
Student organizations 4.4.4
Honorary and professional organizations 4.4.5
Athletics 4.5
Fight song 4.5.1
Student lore and traditions 5
In popular culture 6
Alumni 7
Notes 11
The Main Building, dedicated in 1891.
A machine testing laboratory at Drexel University, circa 1904.
Drexel University was founded in 1891 as the Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry by Philadelphia financier and philanthropist Anthony J. Drexel to provide educational opportunities in the "practical arts and sciences" for women and men of all backgrounds. Drexel became the Drexel Institute of Technology in 1936, and in 1970 Drexel Institute of Technology gained university status, becoming Drexel University. Although there were many changes during its first century, the university's identity has been held constant as privately controlled, non-sectarian, coeducational center of higher learning, distinguished by a commitment to preparing both men and women for future success. Drexel's cornerstone of the career preparation, the cooperative education program, was introduced in 1919. The program became integral to the university's unique educational experience. Participating students alternate periods of classroom based study with periods of full-time practical work experience related to their academic and career interests.
From 1995 to 2009, the president of Drexel University, Dr. Constantine Papadakis, led the institution towards significant change. President Papadakis oversaw Drexel's largest expansion ever, the endowment increased +471% to $540M, and total enrollment increased +102% to 18,466. The institution continued to climb in the rankings, became more selective, and obtained a more academically talented student body. During the expansion, Drexel was officially united with the former MCP Hahnemann University, creating the Drexel University College of Medicine in 2002; and in the fall of 2006, Drexel established its School of Law, which was fully accredited by American Bar Association (ABA) in 2011.[14]
In April 2009, Dr. Constantine Papadakis died of pneumonia. His successor is Mr. John Anderson Fry, formerly the president of Franklin & Marshall College and the Executive Vice President of University of Pennsylvania.[4][15]
In July 2011, Drexel acquired The Academy of Natural Sciences. The agreement created an international powerhouse for discovery in the natural and environmental sciences.
Drexel today includes more than a dozen academic units.[16]
Antoinette Westphal College of Media Arts and Design School of Law
Bennett S. LeBow College of Business School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems
College of Arts and Sciences Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies
College of Engineering School of Education
College of Computing and Informatics School of Public Health
College of Medicine School of Economics
College of Nursing and Health Professions Center for Hospitality and Sport Management
Goodwin College of Professional Studies Charles D. Close School of Entrepreneurship
Pennoni Honors College
Leonard Pearlstein Learning Center at LeBow College of Business
The College of Computing and Informatics and the College of Arts and Sciences are two of the most prolific colleges within Drexel; and the Drexel University College of Engineering, for which Drexel is perhaps best known. The Goodwin College of Professional Studies offers working professionals and recent high school and college graduates practical educational programs with flexible scheduling, hands-on experiences, and career preparation. Full-time programs include (but are not limited to) Sport Management, Culinary Arts, and Engineering Technology, while part-time programs include Communications & Applied Technology and Computing & Security Technology.
Edmund D. Bossone Research Center, located on Market Street 'Avenue of Technology'
The Bennett S. LeBow College of Business has been ranked as the 38th best private institution in the nation.[17] The Antoinette Westphal College of Media Arts and Design houses Design and Merchandising, Graphic Design, Interior Design, Animation and Visual Effects, Game Art and Production, Interactive Digital Media, Architecture, Fashion Design, Product Design, Photography, Visual Studies, Performing Arts, Music Industry, Entertainment & Arts Management, Film & Video, Screenwriting & Playwriting, and Dance. The Drexel University College of Medicine is a recent addition to the university. Formerly MCP Hahnemann University, it contributes two additional campuses and a teaching medical hospital, along with the College of Nursing and Health Professions and the School of Public Health. The Pennoni Honors College, named for Drexel alumnus and trustee Dr. C.R. "Chuck" Pennoni '63, '66, Hon. '92, and his wife Annette, recognizes and promotes excellence among Drexel students.
The Drexel University College of Law, now known as the Drexel University School of Law, was originally added to Drexel University as the newest school in 2006. Serving only graduate students, the law school offers Juris Doctor degrees and provides the opportunity for all students to take part in a cooperative education program.
Most popular undergraduate majors
Percent[18]
Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services 22%
Engineering 19%
Health Professions and Related Programs 19%
Visual and Performing Arts 11%
Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services 7%
Drexel University is also known for creating the world's first Engineering Degree in Appropriate Technology.[19] Drexel is also one of only 17 U.S. universities to offer a Bachelors in Architectural Engineering, and only one of five private institutions to do so.[20][21]
The Drexel Engineering Curriculum (tDEC)
The 2006 edition of U.S. News ranks the undergraduate engineering program #57 in the country and the 2007 edition of graduate schools ranks the graduate program #61. The 2008 edition ranks the University Engineering Program at #55 and in the 2009 US News Ranking, the university has moved up to the #52 position.
The engineering curriculum used by the school was originally called E4 (Enhanced Educational Experience for Engineers) which was established in 1986[22] and funded in part by the Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation.[23] In 1988 the program evolved into tDEC (the Drexel Engineering Curriculum)[23] which is composed of two full years of rigorous core engineering courses which encompass the freshman and sophomore years of the engineering student. The College of Engineering hasn't used the tDEC curriculum since approximately 2005.
Drexel's longstanding cooperative-education or "co-op" program is one of the largest and oldest in the United States.[24] Drexel has a fully internet-based job database, where students can submit résumés and request interviews with any of the thousands of companies that offer positions. They interview with employers during three rounds of applications: A round, B round, and C round. Students also have the option of obtaining an internship via independent search. A student graduating from Drexel's 5-year degree program typically has a total of 18 months of internship with up to three different companies. The majority of co-ops are paid, averaging $15,912 per 6-month period, however this figure changes with major.[25] The working experience highly pays off as one third of Drexel graduates are offered full-time positions by their co-op employers right after graduation.[26]
Drexel's knowledge community of researchers and scholars are socially, professionally and intellectually diverse. Research Centers and Institutes at Drexel include:
Center for Interdisciplinary Programs
Center for Public Policy
Mobilities and Research Policy
The Center for Labor Markets and Policy
The Center for the Prevention of School-Aged Violence
The Math Forum
Data Mining & Bioinformatics Lab
Geographic Information Systems & Spatial Analysis Lab
Institute for Healthcare Informatics
Metadata Research Center
Media Arts & Design
Kal and Lucille Rudman Institute for Entertainment Industry Studies
The RePlay Lab
Business and Leadership
Laurence A. Baiada Institute for Entrepreneurship
Sovereign Institute for Strategic Leadership
Center for Corporate Reputation Management
A.J. Drexel Plasma Institute
A.J. Drexel Applied Communications and Information Networking (ACIN) Institute
A. J. Drexel Institute of Basic and Applied Protein Science
A.J. Drexel Nanotechnology Institute (DNI)
Ben Franklin Technology Partners' Nanotechnology Institute
Center for Electric Power Engineering
Center for Telecommunications and Information Networking
Centralized Research Facilities (CRF)
Autism Public Health Research Institute
Center for Health Equality (CHE)
Center for Public Health Readiness and Communication (CPHRC)
Center for Nonviolence and Social Justice
National Resource Center on Advancing Emergency Preparedness
Center for Public Health Practice
Drexel University launched its first Internet-based education program, a master's degree in Library & Information Science, in 1996.[27] In 2001, Drexel created its wholly owned, for-profit online education subsidiary, Drexel e-Learning, Inc., better known as Drexel University Online.[28][29] It was announced in October 2013 that Drexel University Online would no longer be a for-profit venture, but rather become an internal division within the University to better serve its online student population.[30] Although headquartered in Philadelphia, Drexel announced a new Washington, D.C. location in December 2012 to serve as both an academic and outreach center, catering towards the online student population.[31][32]
In an effort to create greater awareness of distance learning and to recognize exceptional leaders and best practices in the field, Drexel University Online founded National Distance Learning Week, in conjunction with the United States Distance Learning Association, in 2007.[33][34] In September 2010, Drexel University Online received the Sloan-C award for institution-wide excellence in online education indicating that it had exceptional programs of "demonstrably high quality" at the regional and national levels and across disciplines.[35] Drexel University Online won the 2008 United States Distance Learning Association's Best Practices Awards for Distance Learning Programming.[36] In 2007, the online education subsidiary had a revenue of $40 million.[37] In March 2013, Drexel Online had more than 7,000 unique students from all 50 states and more than 20 countries pursuing a bachelor's, master's, or certificate.[38] As of December 2013, Drexel University Online offers more than 100 fully accredited master's degrees, bachelor's degrees and certificate programs.[39]
Times[44]
In 2010, Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed Drexel 190th in the World and 76th in North America.[10] The university also was placed among 96-98th best universities in the world according to the Russian based Global University Ranking.[45]
Drexel is currently in a period of the fastest rise in term of rankings. In 2013, U.S. News & World Report has ranked Drexel 97th among all universities of the United States,[46] and third on the U.S. News & World Report "Best Colleges: Up-and-coming National Universities" 2012 ranking.[12] The 2009 and 2010 rankings placed Drexel 88th among all universities of the United States,[47] 48th among the best 50 private universities in the country, and 4th on the U.S. News & World Report "Up-and-coming National Universities" ranking.[48] The 2008 rankings placed Drexel 108th,[49] whereas 2006 rankings had the school at 109th.[50] Drexel and the University of Pennsylvania are the only Philadelphia colleges in this category.
In 2007, Business Week ranked the undergraduate business program among the top 30 private institutions in the country.[51] The 2011 rankings rate the LeBow business program as the 38th best in the nation.[17] The Princeton Review also named Drexel 6th on their list of "2010 Top Entrepreneurial Programs: Undergraduate."[52] In 2014, Business Insider ranked Drexel's graduate business school 19th in the country for networking, one spot beneath Yale.[53]
LeBow Fountain on Woodland Walk (Removed in 2013)
The Department of Materials Science and Engineering was ranked 10th in the US in faculty scholarly productivity in 2006,[54] and was ranked 11th out of 88 programs in the 2011 National Research Council survey rankings.[55] Additionally, Sierra magazine, the publication of the Sierra Club, selected Drexel as one of America's "Cool Schools." Drexel was 82nd out of 135 institutions on the publication's third annual poll of "eco-enlightened" colleges and universities. To compile the list, Sierra sent questionnaires to sustainability experts at schools across the country. The survey featured categories such as efficiency, energy, food, academics, purchasing, transportation, waste management and administration.[56]
The iSchool at Drexel, College of Information Science and Technology has been ranked among the top 10 information schools in the nation by U.S. News & World Report. Its specialties in Library and Information Science (MS), Information systems (MSIS), Medical Librarianship, and Digital Librarianship are ranked 9th, 5th, 5th and 9th respectively.[57]
Drexel frequently ranks among the top 25 schools in the nation for technology use according to The Princeton Review[58] and The Intel Corporation,[59] and was ranked first in 2001 for wireless access by Yahoo!.[60] The Math Forum@Drexel has been selected as one of the most useful websites by PC Magazine[61] and Scientific American.[62] Drexel is the third largest private engineering college in the nation.[63]
The Drexel College of Medicine and College of Nursing & Health Professions also share accolades. The Physician Assistant program is in the nation's top 50 and the Nurse Anesthesia (CRNA) program is in the top 25.
In 2014, The Princeton Review ranked Drexel 20th in its list of worst college libraries.[64]
Drexel University's campus is divided into three parts: the University City Campus, the Center City Hahnemann Campus including Hahnemann University Hospital, and the Queen Lane College of Medicine Campus.
The southern portion of Drexel's main campus
The Queen Lane Campus
University City Main Campus
The 77-acre (31 ha) University City Main Campus of Drexel University is located just west of the
Use dmy dates from July 2012
Articles with dead external links from October 2010
Official website not in Wikidata
WorldHeritage articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia
Eastern Pennsylvania Rugby Union
Universities and colleges in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Universities and colleges in Pennsylvania
Universities and colleges in Placer County, California
1891 establishments in Pennsylvania
University City, Philadelphia
IFC fraternities
Alpha Chi Rho, Lambda Chi Phi (est. 1992)
Alpha Epsilon Pi, Delta Rho Chapter (est. 1995)
Alpha Pi Lambda, Local Fraternity (est. 1935)
Beta Theta Pi, Colony 2013
Delta Sigma Phi, Gamma Chi Chapter (est. 1956, Recolonized Fall 2011)
Lambda Chi Alpha, Epsilon Kappa Zeta Chapter, (est. 1941, Recolonized Fall 2009)
Phi Kappa Psi, PA Upsilon Chapter (est. 2002)
Pi Kappa Alpha, Lambda Zeta Chapter (est. 2001)
Pi Kappa Phi, Alpha Upsilon Chapter (est. 1919, Recolonized 2007)
Sigma Alpha Mu, Mu Eta Chapter, (est. 1947, Recolonized 2009)
Sigma Phi Epsilon, Pennsylvania Beta Beta Chapter (est. 1999)
Tau Kappa Epsilon, Alpha Tau Chapter (est. 1919)
Theta Chi, Beta Theta Chapter (est. 1927)
MGC organizations
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Gamma Epsilon Chapter (est. 1945)[78]
Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Psi Chapter (Recolonized at Drexel in fall 2011)
Beta Chi Theta Fraternity (Founded at Drexel in 2014)
Chi Upsilon Sigma Latin Sorority, Omicron Chapter (est. 1997)[79]
Delta Epsilon Psi Fraternity, Xi Chapter (est. 2010) [80]
Delta Phi Omega Sorority, Gamma Chapter (est. 2000)[81]
Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, (Recolonized 2008)[82]
Iota Nu Delta Fraternity, Gamma Chapter (est. 1997)
Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity,[83]
Kappa Phi Gamma, Nu colony (est. 2011)
Pi Alpha Phi, Colony (est. 2014)
Sigma Beta Rho Fraternity, Upsilon Chapter, (est. 2002)[84]
Sigma Psi Zeta Sorority, Nu Charter (est. 2002)[85]
Alpha Sigma Alpha, Nu Nu Chapter (est. 1925)
Delta Phi Epsilon, Delta Epsilon Chapter (est. 1942, recolonized 2003)
Delta Zeta, Epsilon Zeta Chapter (est. 1928)
Phi Mu, Beta Tau Chapter (est. 1954)
Phi Sigma Sigma, Beta Rho Chapter (est. 1959)
Sigma Sigma Sigma, Alpha Delta Chapter (est. 1926, recolonized 2011)
Drexel University recognizes over 250 student organizations in the following categories:
Community Service/Social Action
Performing and Fine Arts
Honorary and professional organizations
The following groups are recognized as honors or professional organizations under the Office of Campus Activities and are not considered part of social Greek life at Drexel University.
Phi Chi Theta - Zeta Delta (est. 2008) - Professional Business Fraternity
Alpha Kappa Psi - Eta Psi Chapter (est. 2008) - Professional Business Fraternity
Alpha Omega Epsilon - Social and Professional Sorority for Engineers
Alpha Phi Omega, Zeta Theta Chapter (est. 1948) - National Service Fraternity
Alpha Phi Sigma - National Criminal Justice Honor Society
Beta Alpha Psi, Delta Tau Chapter - Honors Fraternity for Accounting, Finance and MIS
Beta Beta Beta - National Biological Honor Society
Beta Gamma Sigma, - International Business Honor Society
Chi Epsilon - National Civil Engineering Honors Society
Eta Kappa Nu, Beta Alpha Chapter (est. 1935) - Electrical Engineering Honor Socety
Gamma Sigma Sigma - National Service Sorority
Phi Beta Lambda - Community Service Fraternity
Phi Eta Sigma - National Honors Society
Phi Sigma Pi, Gamma Xi Chapter - Honors Fraternity
Pi Nu Epsilon - Music and Performing Arts Fraternity
Pi Sigma Alpha, Alpha Epsilon Chi Chapter - The National Political Science Honor Society
Pi Tau Sigma, Xi Chapter - International Mechanical Engineering Fraternity
Psi Chi - International Honors Society - Psychology Fraternity
Tau Beta Pi, Pennsylvania Zeta Chapter - Engineering Honor Society
Upsilon Pi Epsilon - Computer Science Fraternity
Mario the Magnificent, mascot of Drexel, by Eric Berg
Drexel Dragons logo
Drexel's school mascot is a dragon known as "Mario the Magnificent," named so in honor of Mario V. Mascioli, an alumnus and former member of the Board of Trustees.[86] The Dragon has been the mascot of the school since around the mid-1920s; the first written reference to the Dragons occurred in 1928 when the football team was called The Dragons in The Triangle. Before becoming known as the Dragons the athletic teams had been known by such names as Blue & Gold, the Engineers, and the Drexelites.[86] The school's sports teams, now known as the Drexel Dragons, participate in the NCAA's Division I as a member of the Colonial Athletic Association. They do not currently field a varsity football team.
Drexel is home to 33 active club teams including lacrosse, water polo, squash, triathlon, and cycling. Other club teams include soccer, baseball, rugby, field hockey, and roller hockey. The club teams operate under the direction of the Club Sports Council and the Recreational Sports Office.
The fight song for Drexel is the Drexel Fight Song. The lyrics are:
Drexel DAC Pack in the NIT Season Tip-Off
Fight on for Drexel,
We've got the stuff we need to win this game.
We're gonna fight on for Drexel,
Take the Dragon on to fame.
The gold and blue is on another spree.
We're gonna fight, fight, fight, fight for Drexel U.
On to victory!
Chant:
D-D-D-D
R-R-R-R
E-E-E-E
X-EL-X-EL
DREX-EL-DREX-EL
FIGHT-TEAM-FIGHT
(Repeat Song)[87]
Student lore and traditions
Tradition suggests that rubbing the toe of the bronze "Waterboy" statue located in the Main Building atrium can result in receiving good grades in exams. Although the rest of the bronze statue has developed a dark brown patina over the years, the toe has remained highly polished and shines like new.[86]
The Flame of Knowledge, a fountain once located in the main quad (relocated to the area in front of North Hall in early 2007), used to be known as the "Drexel Shaft" in the late 1970s and early 80s,[88] however the name outgrew the landmark.[89] The "Drexel Shaft" now refers to the Penn Coach Yard chimney, the large smoke stack structure which was located east of 32nd street. Unresponsive treatment by the administration has been termed the "Drexel Shaft" by students.[90] The smoke stack was demolished on 15 November 2009, a long-anticipated event which the students hope will improve the overall aesthetics of the university.[91]
The glass show court used at the 2011 US Open Squash Championships hosted by Drexel University at the Daskalakis Athletic Center
Drexel has appeared in news and television media several times. In 2006 Drexel served as the location for ABC Family's reality show "Back on Campus."[92] Also in that year the Epsilon Zeta chapter of Delta Zeta won ABC Daytime's Summer of Fun contest. As a result, the sorority was featured in national television spots for a week and also hosted an ABC party on campus which was attended by cast members from General Hospital and All My Children.[93]
John Langdon, adjunct professor in the Antoinette Westphal College of Media Arts & Design, created the ambigram featured on the cover of Dan Brown's Angels & Demons and a number of other ambigrams were served as the central focus of the book and film. It is believed Prof. Langdon was the inspiration for the name of the lead character played by Tom Hanks in the film.[94]
Howard Benson, a Drexel alumnus and a music producer of Hoobastank, Creed and Kelly Clarkson, teaches a music production master class at Drexel.
Drexel University was a sponsor of Matthew Quick's novel Silver Linings Playbook which was made into a movie in 2012. Matthew Quick held several lectures at Drexel University.
In 2007 Drexel was the host of the 2008 Democratic Presidential candidate debate in Philadelphia, televised by MSNBC.[95] In 2008 from 10 January to the 13th Drexel hosted the US Table Tennis Olympic Trials.[96][97] Drexel University hosted the 2011 U.S. Open Squash Championships from 1–6 October 2011 as well as the 2012 U.S. Open Squash Championships from 4–12 October 2012.[98][99]
Since its founding the university has graduated over 100,000 alumni.[100] Certificate-earning alumni such as artist Violet Oakley and illustrator Frank Schoonover reflect the early emphasis on art as part of the university's curriculum. With World War II, the university's technical programs swelled, and as a result Drexel graduated alumni such as Paul Baran, one of the founding fathers of the Internet and one of the inventors of the packet switching network, and Norman Joseph Woodland the inventor of barcode technology. In addition to its emphasis on technology Drexel has graduated several notable athletes such as National Basketball Association (NBA) basketball players Michael Anderson and Malik Rose, and several notable business people such as Raj Gupta, former President and Chief executive officer (CEO) of Rohm and Haas, and Kenneth C. Dahlberg, former CEO of Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC).
In 1991, the university's centennial anniversary, Drexel created an association called the Drexel 100, for alumni who have demonstrated excellence work, philanthropy, or public service. After the creation of the association 100 alumni were inducted in 1992 and since then the induction process has been on a biennial basis. In 2006 164 total alumni had been inducted into the association.[101]
Drexel University created the annual $100,000 Anthony J. Drexel Exceptional Achievement Award to recognize a faculty member from a U.S. institution whose work transforms both research and the society it serves. The first recipient was bioengineer James J. Collins of Boston University (now at MIT) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.[102]
In 2004, in conjunction with BAYADA Home Health Care, Drexel University's College of Nursing and Health Professions created the BAYADA Award for Technological Innovation in Nursing Education and Practice. The award honors nursing educators and practicing nurses whose innovation leads to improved patient care or improved nursing education.[103]
The URBN Center, home of the Westphal College of Media Arts and Design
The W.W. Hagerty Library at the University City Main Campus
The Drexel Recreation Center
The Drexel University School of Law
Nesbitt Hall located on 33rd and Market Streets
Vidas Athletic Field at Drexel University
The Armory at Drexel University
Beach Volleyball courts at Buckley Green
Hess Engineering Research Laboratories (Now demolished)
John A. Daskalakis Athletic Center at Drexel University
Drexel University, Center for Graduate Studies - Sacramento, CA
A "living wall" inside the Papadakis Integrated Science Building at Drexel University
Constantine Papadakis
John Anderson Fry
Association of Independent Technological Universities
^ a b c d e f
^ As of 18 July 2014.
^ Archived January 23, 2013 at the Wayback Machine
^ http://www.globaluniversitiesranking.org/images/banners/top-100(eng).pdf
^ Drexel Legends and Traditions
^ Mandell Theater at Drexel University at the Wayback Machine (archived March 6, 2007)
^ a b DUTV
^ Archived October 23, 2004 at the Wayback Machine
^ Alpha Kappa Alpha
^ Delta Phi Omega
^ Sigma Beta Rho
Official Athletics website
UNC Wilmington Seahawks
Football-only members
Lacrosse-only members
Other associate members
Buffalo Bulls (women's rowing)
Dayton Flyers (women's golf)
Eastern Michigan Eagles (women's rowing)
2010–13 Colonial Athletic Association realignment
Private colleges and universities in Pennsylvania
Lebanon Valley
Mercyhurst
Susquehanna
Ursinus
Washington & Jefferson
and colleges
Alvernia
The American College
Art Institute of Philadelphia
Baptist Bible College & Seminary
Bryn Athyn
DeSales
Gwynedd Mercy
Harcum
Hussian School of Art
Lancaster Bible
Moore College of Art and Design
Mount Aloysius
Pennsylvania College of Art and Design
St. Charles Borromeo Seminary
University of Valley Forge
Colleges and universities in metropolitan Philadelphia
The American College of Financial Services
Cabrini College
Delaware Valley College
Gratz College
Manor College
Penn State Abington
Penn State Brandywine
Penn State Great Valley
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
Reconstructionist Rabbinical College
The Restaurant School
Biomedical and Health Sciences
Salus University
The week after Greek Week the Dean's Cup is presented for the previous year. The Dean's Cup is the highest award for Drexel Greeks. The winners of the Dean's Cup are determined by the highest score on the Chapter Achievement Plan (CAP) which is the annual recognition process for Drexel Greeks. The Dean's Cup is reviewed by a selected committee of Student Life faculty. The Dean of Students awards the Dean's Cup, which is awarded to the top chapter in each council in the areas of academics, leadership, brother/sisterhood and service to the community.
Each year, all social fraternities and sororities at Drexel compete in Greek Week. Greek Week actually consists of two weeks, the first week consisting of events such as Penny Wars and flag football and the second week consisting of activities such as talent show, chariot races and tug-of-war. Sigma Phi Epsilon and Phi Mu have won Greek Week two years in a row.
Three IFC chapters have been awarded Top Chapters in 2008 by their respective national organizations; Tau Kappa Epsilon, Pi Kappa Alpha, and Alpha Chi Rho. In 2013, Sigma Phi Epsilon and Alpha Epsilon Pi were awarded the Top Chapter award by their respective national headquarters.
Twelve percent of Drexel's undergraduate population are members of a social Greek-letter organization. There are currently 13 Interfraternity Council (IFC) chapters, six Panhellenic Council (PHC) chapters and eleven Multi-cultural Greek Council (MGC) chapters.[77]
All residence halls except Caneris Hall, University Crossings, and Stiles Memorial Hall are located north of Arch Street between 34th Street and 32nd Street in the Powelton Village area.
Portions of the Race Street Residence Hall formerly was reserved for students of the Pennoni Honors College. However, during the 2007 spring term, the Race Street Dormitory housed Kelly Hall residents, while Kelly Hall underwent renovation. It was recently announced that for 2010-2011 the Honors Living Learning Community will be moved to Millennium Hall and the Sophomore Year Experience moved into the Race Street Residence Hall. Van Rensselaer Hall will also be utilized by the Graduate Student Experience.
The First Year Experience: Calhoun, Kelly, Towers Halls
Living Learning Communities: Myers Hall
Pennoni Honors College: Millennium Hall
The Sophomore Year Experience: Race Street Residence Halls
For Students By Students (FSBS): North Hall
The Upper Class Experience: Caneris Hall & University Crossings
The Graduate Student Experience: Drexel Apartments (formerly Van Rensselaer Hall) and Stiles Memorial Hall
The Residential Living Office (RLO) at Drexel has developed a Residential Experience Engagement Model which is designed to support residents of all class levels.
Drexel requires all non-commuting first and second year students to live in one of its ten residence halls, and second year students to live in "university approved housing".[76] Kelly Hall, Myers Hall, Towers Hall (tripled), and Calhoun Hall are traditional residence halls (shared bedroom, community bathrooms), while North Hall, Caneris Hall, Race Street Residence Hall, and Van Rensselaer Hall are suite style residence halls (shared bedrooms, private bathrooms, kitchens, and common area within the suite). Millennium Hall, Drexel's newest residence hall, is a modified suite (shared bedrooms, and segmented, private bathrooms in the hallway). Drexel also leases several floors of the University Crossings apartment complex for upper class students.
North Hall by architect Michael Graves
The Drexel Publishing Group serves as a medium for literary publishing on campus. The Drexel Publishing Group oversees ASK (The Journal of the College of Arts and Sciences at Drexel University), Painted Bride Quarterly, a 36-year-old national literary magazine housed at Drexel; The 33rd, an annual anthology of student and faculty writing at Drexel; DPG Online Magazine, and Maya, the undergraduate literary and artistic magazine. The Drexel Publishing Group also serves as a pedagogical organization by allowing students to intern and work on its publications.
Drexel has a number of publications to its name by both the student body and the university. The Triangle has been the university's newspaper since 1926 and currently publishes on a weekly basis every Friday. The yearbook was first published in 1911 and named the Lexerd in 1913.[74] Prior to the publishing of a campus wide yearbook in 1911 The Hanseatic and The Eccentric were both published in 1896 as class books.[75] Other publications include MAYA, the undergraduate student literary and artistic magazine; D&M Magazine, Design & Merchandising students crafted magazine; The Smart Set from Drexel University, an online magazine founded in 2005; and The Drexelist a blog-style news source founded in 2010.
DUTV is Drexel's Philadelphia cable television station. The student operated station is part of the Paul F. Harron Studios at Drexel University. The purpose of DUTV is to provide "the people of Philadelphia with quality educational television, and providing Drexel students the opportunity to gain experience in television management and production."[73] The Programing includes an eclectic variety of shows from a bi-monthly news show, DNews, to old films, talk shows dealing with important current issues and music appreciation shows.[73]
WKDU is Drexel's student-run FM radio station, with membership open to all undergraduate students. Its status as an 800-watt non-commercial station in a major market city has given it a wider audience and a higher profile than many other college radio stations.
Press and radio
The Campus Activities Board (CAB) is an undergraduate student run event planning organization. CAB creates events for the undergraduate population since they are funded by the student activities fee (which is collected from only undergraduate students). To clarify, CAB is not funded by all of the student activities fee from each student, but only a portion of the fee. The student activity fee is divided to fund all organizations at Drexel. CAB is broken down into 5 committees - Special Events, Traditions, Marketing, Lectures and Diversity, and Performing and Fine Arts.
As stated on their website - "Graduate Student Association advocates the interests and addresses concerns of graduate students at Drexel; strives to enhance graduate student life at the University in all aspects, from academic to campus security; and provides a formal means of communication between graduate students and the University community."[72]
Graduate Students Association
The Undergraduate Student Government Association of Drexel University works with administrators to solve student problems and tries to promote communication between the students and the administration.
The university has a large variety of charity, fraternities and sororities, political, and academic groups. [what fraternities/organizations?]
Stratton Hall as seen from the Creese Student Center
On January 5, 2009, Drexel University opened the Center for Graduate Studies in Sacramento, California.[68] As of 2011, the Sacramento Center offered an Ed.D. program in Educational Leadership and Management and master's degree programs in Business Administration, Finance, Higher Education, Human Resource Development, Public Health, and Interdepartmental Medical Science.[69] Drexel awards students at its Sacramento Center fellowships from a $10 million annual budget allocation.[70] The first cohort of students graduated from this campus in December 2010. On March 5, 2015, Drexel University announced it was closing the Sacramento campus although current students will be allowed to complete their degrees.[71]
Drexel University Sacramento
In 2011, The Academy of Natural Sciences entered into an agreement to become a subsidiary of Drexel University. Founded in 1812, the Academy of Natural Sciences is America's oldest natural history museum and is a world leader in biodiversity and environmental research.
The Academy of Natural Sciences
The Center City Hahnemann Campus is in the middle of Philadelphia, straddling the Vine Street Expressway and centered on Hahnemann University Hospital. Students can take a shuttle to get from Main campus to center city.
Center City Hahnemann Campus
Drexel University, Sacramento, CA
The Queen Lane Medical Campus was purchased in 2003 by Drexel University as part of its acquisition of MCP Hahnemann University. It is located in East Falls in the Northwest part of Philadelphia and is primarily utilized by first- and second-year medical students. A free shuttle is available connecting it to the Center City Hahnemann and University City Main campuses.[67]
Queen Lane Campus
A complete Tyrannosaurus rex fossil on display with other dinosaur specimens at The Academy of Natural Sciences.
[66], modern stage lighting facilities, stadium seating, and accommodations for wheelchairs. It is used for the semiannual spring musical, as well as various plays and many events.fly system The 424-seat Mandell Theater was built in 1973 and features a more performance-oriented stage, including a full [65]
World War II, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Temple University, La Salle University
Pennsylvania, Delaware Valley, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, New York City
Delaware, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Maryland
Indianapolis, College football, Indiana, Canada, College baseball
Head of the Schuylkill Regatta
Drexel University, Vesper Boat Club, Philadelphia, Villanova University, Penn AC
Formula Hybrid
Texas A&M University, United States, Illinois Institute of Technology, Brigham Young University, Dartmouth College
Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Homeopathy, Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania
Wilson Brothers & Company
Drexel University, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Railroad, University of Vermont, Broad Street Station (Philadelphia)
Drexel University, New York City, Brooklyn, Lafayette College, Celestino Pennoni
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Report: Today’s Unemployment Insurance Crisis and How We Got Here
States Choosing to Reduce Access and Cut Benefits Led to Current Dysfunction
Washington, DC—As millions of unemployed workers across the country struggle to access the unemployment benefits they desperately need, a new report from the National Employment Law Project examines the poorest-performing states and their policy choices following the Great Recession that led to the current crisis. By cutting the number of weeks of benefits, slashing benefit amounts, or imposing barriers to obtaining and keeping UI benefits, states such as Florida, North Carolina, and others have badly eroded one of the most important tools for countering recessions. Jobless workers are now bearing the brunt of those poor policy decisions.
“This perfect storm of unemployment benefit cuts and access restrictions so destabilized the foundation of the unemployment insurance program that we are now witnessing its dysfunction in real time,” said Michele Evermore, a senior policy analyst and researcher with NELP, and author of the report.
Broken unemployment insurance infrastructures—particularly in states like Florida, which created an application process designed to discourage workers from accessing their earned benefits—are now wreaking havoc for jobless workers who need those benefits but are unable to access them. As of April 18, the state had only processed 5 percent of the claims submitted since the beginning of the pandemic, with no count of how many workers were unable to file at all.
“Policymakers must learn the lessons from past and present mistakes and ensure that state governments can provide unemployment insurance that meets the needs of all workers—both in terms of delivering adequate emergency support and by making sure that all workers have access,” said Evermore. “We know that benefit duration cuts have a disparate impact on communities of color, as Black and Latinx workers face unemployment rates at unwaveringly higher levels.”
NELP analyzed the value of states’ weekly benefits versus the average weekly benefit nationally (not taking into account workers who are unable to access benefits) and found the following:
In Florida, the average weekly benefit of $252.87 replaces only 38 percent of pre-unemployment average wages. If the state’s 339,150 insured unemployed workers had been paid just the national average benefit of $370.82, that would have meant $40,002,742 in additional benefits paid to claimants in Florida just for the week ending April 4, 2020.
In North Carolina, the average weekly benefit was $264.70 in the third quarter of 2019. If the 359,151 insured unemployed workers in the state for the week ending April 4 were paid the national average of $370.82, then $38,113,104 more in benefits would have been paid to workers in the state.
If Indiana paid the national average in weekly benefits, the 152,609 insured unemployed workers for the week ending April 4 would have been paid $10,807,769 more in benefits in that week alone.
In Arizona, if the 116,782 insured unemployed workers in the state in the week ending April 4 had received just the national average benefit, that would have put an additional $16,003,805 in the pockets of Arizonans that week alone.
In South Carolina, if the $273.74 weekly benefit were just raised to the national average weekly benefit, the 125,376 insured unemployed workers in the state in the week ending April 4 would have received an additional $12,171,502 in benefits that week alone.
In Louisiana, if the 213,338 insured unemployed workers in Louisiana in the week ending March 28 had been paid the national average benefit, they collectively would have received an additional $33,031,122 in benefits that week alone.
If Tennessee’s 206,622 insured unemployed workers had received the national average benefit in the week ending April 4, workers in Tennessee would have received an additional $27,003,429 in benefits that week alone.
“We’ve reached the point where it’s too late to prepare states in advance for the massive tsunami of unemployment that is rocking the economy and state unemployment systems,” said Evermore. “But we’re encouraged to see that some states that had previously implemented harmful cuts and restrictions are now, at least temporarily, restoring benefit durations and are working diligently to get payments to unemployed workers.”
As the report highlights, now is the time for states to strengthen their UI programs and ensure that workers can access meaningful benefits.
READ THE REPORT:
Long Lines for Unemployment: How Did We Get Here and What Do We Do Now?
Coronavirus, Unemployment Insurance
Unemployment Insurance Protections in Response to COVID-19: State Developments
Coronavirus and Unemployment Insurance: Options for Policymakers to Mitigate Job Loss
Unemployment Insurance Provisions in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act
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Background & Objectives
step4youth > About us > Advisory Board
The STEP External Expert Advisory Board (EEAB) comprises representatives from organisations relevant to youth participation,
environment, policy making, data protection, and social media. Their role will be to participate in workshops in which they
will review the project activities and outcomes, identify the strong and weak points with respect to the objectives of the
project and the applications of the results, and provide recommendations. The STEP EEAB consists of the following members
Ms. Kerstin Franzl
Coordinator of the project EUth (www.euth.net) that aims to find ways to get Europe’s
youth onto the political stage. Ms. Franzl is a research associate at the NEXUS Institute since 2010 and she has
been involved in several research projects on public participation, demographic change, and applied social sciences
Dr. Catriona Macaulay
Head of User Research and Engagement at the Scottish Government implementing a participatory decision-making approach. She
leads the development and delivery of user research capacity building for Scottish Government’s Digital Directorate,
and champions user/citizen engagement and participation in the delivery of digital public sector, business transformation,
and environmental issues.
Dr. Enric Coll Gelabert
Environmental Technician at Environmental Education and Promotion Office of the Barcelona Provincial Council. He is in charge
of the Technical Secretariat of the Network of Cities and Towns towards Sustainability (XarxaSost project) promoting
working groups on topics relevant to energy, climate change, water management, noise, air quality, waste prevention,
education for sustainability, etc.
Mr. Epameinondas Christofilopoulos
Head of International Cooperation in PRAXI Network, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH) offering consultancy
support to third countries for establishing research and technological co-operation with the EU. He is also a Horizon
2020 National Expert for Climate Change. Moreover, he is Chief Executive Officer of the “MillienniumProject” Greek
node.
Dr. Eva Lievens
Eva Lievens is Professor of Law and Technology at the Law Faculty of Ghent University. Previously, she was a member of the
KU Leuven Centre for IT and IP Law from 2003 until 2015. Her research focuses on legal challenges posed by new media
and ICT phenomena, with a specific focus on the protection of minors, fundamental rights and alternative regulatory
instruments. She holds a law degree from the University of Ghent (2002), a Masters degree in Transnational Communications
and Global Media from Goldsmiths College, London (2003) and a Phd in Law from KU Leuven (2009).
Mr. Joakim Jardenberg
Internet and Social Media Expert at Helsingborg, Sweden. He has been appointed “expert” by the Swedish Prime minister and
worked with him at the Northern Future Forum, while his website(http://jardenberg.se)
has been awarded as the ”most influential blog on media, PR and advertising” by Cision. He has strong experience
as advisor and investor for successful technical platform startups such as Fortnox and Videoplaza.
Ms. Eva Theisz
Deputy Director of International Affairs at the Swedish public employment service. Former Director of Support and Cooperation at the Swedish Agency for Youth and Civil Society, a government agency that aims to ensure that young people have access to influence and welfare and support the government in issues relevant to civil society policy.
Ms. Christiane Klemm
Representative of European youth. She is student of the BSc “Landscape Ecology and Nature Conservation – International” at
University of Greifswald, and Board Member of the Youth and Environment Europe (YEE). At YEE, she used to be project
officer, thus she has a lot of experience in engaging youth, training them on environmental issues, and promoting
campaigns.
Mr. Babis Tsitlakidis
DG CONNECT, Unit of eHealth and ICT for Wellbeing and Ageing. Babis’ work focuses on policy regarding interoperability matters. He is also a Seconded National Expert of the Municipality of Thessaloniki, Greece. He has been member of the coordination team of the three crowdsourcing initiatives of the Municipality (Apps4Thessaloniki, Hackathess and Apps4Thessaloniki – Tourism Edition) and member of the evaluation committee of the latter two. He is also member of the Steering Committees of the eParticipation project Improve My City.
Mr. Lorenzo Floresta
Coordinator of the International Youth Panel of the Horizon 2020 project CATCH-EyoU . With a master degree in Law and International Master in European Studies and Policy Advisor, he has been the President of Giovani Senza Frontiere (GIOSEF) since 2010. Until 2015 he was board member of the Italian National Youth Council, where he also held the position of Vice President of the Foreign Commission.
Mr. Efthymis Altsitsiadis
Dr. Altsitsiadis is a research expert at the Research Group Marketing at the KU Leuven. He was the manager of CONCORT, the largest EU initiative on consumer science and is currently partner in CIPTEC, working on the consumer engagement and behavioural insights efforts. He is teaching branding at the masters programme and his personal research interests lie at the intersection of innovation. Among his other appointments, Efthymios is a fellow at the academy of the think-tank OpenForum Europe (Google, IBM, Oracle, Deloitte and Redhat) that promotes openness in the ICT sector.
STEP aims to develop and pilot test a cloud eParticipation SaaS platform enhanced with web / social media mining, gamification, machine translation, and visualisation features, which will promote the societal and political participation of young people in the decision-making process on environmental issues.
This website reflects only the author's view and the Research Executive Agency or European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
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Oxygen Media Taps Veteran Programming Executive Rod Aissa as Senior Vice President, Original Programming and Development
Aissa will have strategic oversight for all development and production of Oxygen's original programming.
[via press release from Oxygen]
NEW YORK - January 11, 2012 - Oxygen Media has tapped veteran programming executive Rod Aissa as Senior Vice President of Original Programming and Development, effective immediately. Aissa will have strategic oversight for all development and production of Oxygen's original programming. In addition, Aissa will be responsible for shepherding a robust slate of new titles previously announced including "The Next Big Thing," "LA Style," "The Eva Marcille Project," all working titles, as well as returning series like "Tori & Dean: Home Sweet Hollywood" and the critically acclaimed "The Glee Project," which recently completed casting on its next season. Aissa will report to Oxygen President Jason Klarman and will be based in the network's New York office. Cori Abraham, Senior Vice President, Development and Teri Kennedy, Vice President, Current Production will jointly report to Aissa and together they will be charged with finding new genres, new twists on existing formats and identifying talent that all speak directly to Oxygen's "Live Out Loud" brand philosophy which targets young women.
"Rod is a smart programming executive who has his finger on the pulse of pop culture and has helped create some of the biggest unscripted shows on TV," said Klarman. "He will supercharge our already robust efforts in original programming."
Aissa is a seasoned television executive with substantial experience developing and launching unscripted reality series throughout his career. While at MTV he helped launch the careers of such stars as Jenny McCarthy, Carmen Electra, Mandy Moore, Tyrese Gibson, Molly Sims, Carson Daly, Ashton Kutcher and Beyonc� Knowles.
He joins Oxygen from OWN: The Oprah Winfrey Network where he had oversight for all programming and development for the newly launched network. Prior to joining OWN, Aissa was Executive Vice President, TV at Katalyst Films, Ashton Kutcher's production company, where he was responsible for developing cable and broadcast properties including two seasons of "True Beauty" for ABC. Earlier in his career, Aissa was executive vice president, series and talent development, MTV/MTV Films. In that capacity he was part of the team that created, developed and executive produced such pop culture classics as "The Osbournes" - for which he won an Emmy(R) award - "Newlyweds: Nick & Jessica," "The Ashlee Simpson Show," "Punk'd," "Meet the Barkers" and "Adventures In Hollywood."
About Oxygen Media:
Oxygen Media is a multiplatform lifestyle brand that delivers relevant and engaging content to young women who like to "live out loud." Oxygen is rewriting the rulebook for women's media by changing how the world sees entertainment from a young woman's point of view. Through a vast array of unconventional and original content including "The Glee Project," "Bad Girls Club," "Hair Battle Spectacular" and "Tori & Dean: Home Sweet Hollywood," the growing cable network is the premier destination to find unique and groundbreaking unscripted programming. A social media trendsetter, Oxygen is a leading force in engaging modern young women, wherever they are, with popular, award winning features online including www.OxygenLive.com, the real time social viewing party that is also available as an app for the iPhone and iPad. Oxygen is available in 77 million homes, and can be found online and on mobile devices at www.oxygen.com . Follow us on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/OxygenPR . Oxygen Media is a service of NBCUniversal.
· ASHLEE SIMPSON SHOW, THE (MTV)
· GIRLFRIEND CONFIDENTIAL LA (OXYGEN)
· GLEE PROJECT, THE (OXYGEN)
· HOLLYWOOD UNZIPPED: STYLIST WARS (OXYGEN)
· MEET THE BARKERS (MTV)
· NEWLYWEDS: NICK & JESSICA (MTV)
· NEXT BIG THING, THE: NY (OXYGEN)
· OSBOURNES, THE (MTV)
· PUNK'D (BET)
· TORI & DEAN: HOME SWEET HOLLYWOOD (OXYGEN)
· TRUE BEAUTY (ABC)
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Jeff Lemire, Matt Kindt, and Paolo Rivera Join THE VALIANT – A New Prestige Format Limited Series Beginning in December!
Posted on July 11, 2014 by The Valiant Voice
A battle ten millennia in the making is about to begin…
Valiant Entertainment is proud to announce THE VALIANT – a new prestige format four-issue limited series beginning in December from New York Times best-selling writers Jeff Lemire (Green Arrow, Animal Man) and Matt Kindt (RAI, UNITY, Mind MGMT), and featuring interior artwork and covers by Eisner Award-winning artist Paolo Rivera (Daredevil)!
An entirely self-contained comics event spotlighting Bloodshot, Eternal Warrior, Geomancer, and a cast of heroes and villains from across the Valiant Universe, THE VALIANT is a visionary new adventure from three of the greatest creative talents in comics today.
The Eternal Warrior has protected the Earth for more than 10,000 years. A master of countless weapons and long forgotten martial arts, he is guided by the Geomancers – those who speak for the Earth. During his long watch, the Eternal Warrior has failed three times. Each time, the Geomancer was killed…and a new dark age for humanity began. Each time, he was unable to stop The Immortal Enemy – a monstrous force of nature. A civilization killer. A horror that appears differently each time it arrives…and whose seemingly only purpose is to bring disorder and darkness to the world. Now, the time has come for The Immortal Enemy to return once more. But, this time, the Eternal Warrior will be ready. This time, he has a force greater than any single warrior. This time, he has…THE VALIANT.
“I’ve been a huge fan of what Valiant Comics has been doing for the past two years, with a lot of my favorite creators, and favorite people, like Matt Kindt, Josh Dysart and Rob Venditti, doing incredible work for the publisher,” said writer Jeff Lemire. “So, it’s a huge thrill for me to now step into the Valiant Universe in a BIG way with the upcoming four-issue series, THE VALIANT, along with co-writer Matt Kindt, and one of the most incredible artists working in comics today, Paolo Rivera. THE VALIANT will not only serve as a great entry point for brand new readers to Valiant, but also enrich the existing universe and shake it up dramatically moving forward. Valiant has an incredible stable of characters to play with, and they will ALL play a role in THE VALIANT.”
“Jeff and I have been threatening to work together for a long time,” said writer Matt Kindt. “And we did a little bit on Sweet Tooth with the few issues I did, but this is the first time we’ve really created something from scratch and written a long piece of work together. Collaborating on writing isn’t something I normally get excited about, but Jeff and I just got coffee after a con one night and started brainstorming different things we could do and, by the end of the night, the waitress got a big tip and we’d written an outline for this epic story. It was like being transported to your best friend’s kitchen table when you’re 11 and cooking up fantastic comic book ideas. But in this case, when we were done, we got Paolo to draw it. We couldn’t be more excited. I was just a fan of his on his now classic run on Daredevil. He’s just a great cartoonist, you know? He can tell a story so well – and I think we gave him plenty of story to draw.”
“I’ve heard nothing but good things about Jeff and Matt, and their script does not disappoint,” said artist Paolo Rivera. “One of the major things that brought me to this project was the epic scale. Most of the stories I’ve worked on, even when action-packed, have been on the level of individuals. While our main characters are still the heart, this story spans epochs and realms, with consequences that, quite literally, affect the entire Earth.”
“I worked with [Valiant Editor-in-Chief] Warren [Simons] briefly at Marvel, but he’s been doing his best to lure me (and my Dad) to Valiant since 2012,” added Rivera. “We’ve been doing mostly covers since then, so it’s awesome to be drawing comics again. That, and it’s fun to draw Bloodshot getting blown to bits.”
A New York Times best-selling writer and artist, Jeff Lemire is the award-winning author of some of the most acclaimed graphic novels and comic book series in recent memory, including the Essex County trilogy, Sweet Tooth, and The Underwater Welder. A recipient of the American Library Association’s prestigious Alex Award and the Joe Shuster Award, Lemire’s work has also been nominated for the Eisner, Harvey, and Ignatz Awards. Most recently, his work for DC Comics has included critically acclaimed runs on Animal Man, Green Arrow, and Justice League United, as well as the creator-owned series Trillium for Vertigo. THE VALIANT will be Lemire’s first full-length work for Valiant Entertainment.
Matt Kindt is the New York Times best-selling writer and artist of many acclaimed graphic novels and comic book series, including Mind MGMT, 3 Story: The Secret History of the Giant Man, Pistolwhip, Red-Handed: The Fine Art of Strange Crimes, Revolver, and Super Spy. A Harvey Award winner and Eisner Award nominee, his other works include Justice League of America and Suicide Squad for DC Comics, and Marvel Knights: Spider-Man for Marvel Comics. In addition to THE VALIANT, Kindt currently writes two ongoing series, RAI and UNITY, for Valiant Entertainment.
Paolo Rivera quickly gained notoriety for his painted artwork on Marvel Comics’ Mythos before moving on to provide distinctive and striking covers for nearly all of the publisher’s top series. With his father Joe Rivera inking his work, Rivera penciled the best-selling relaunch of Marvel’s Daredevil with writer Mark Waid – a run that won the father-son duo two Eisner Awards for their work. THE VALIANT will mark Rivera’s first full-length comics’ work since Daredevil in 2012. He can be found online at paolorivera.blogspot.com and twitter.com/PaoloMRivera.
This December, the Geomancer’s sacred mission begins anew as superstar creators Jeff Lemire, Matt Kindt, and Paolo Rivera bring together THE VALIANT – a new comic book milestone, coming soon from Valiant Entertainment.
For more information, visit Valiant on Facebook, on Twitter, on Tumblr, and at ValiantUniverse.com.
For Valiant merchandise and more, visit ValiantStore.com.
THE VALIANT #1 (of 4)
Written by JEFF LEMIRE & MATT KINDT
Art & Cover by PAOLO RIVERA
$3.99 | T+ | 32 pgs.
COMING IN DECEMBER!
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Home / Design / Charles and Ray Eames
Aug 16, 2016 Design, PEOPLE 2,158 Views
Charles and Ray Eames are two of the most important product designers of the 20th century. The celebrated duo experimented with plywood, fibreglass, steel wire and aluminium, creating some of the most popular mid-century classics, including the Lounge Chair and Ottoman, the Aluminium Group chairs, and the DSW Chair.
Charles & Ray Eames: a biography
Charles Eames was born in 1907 in St. Louis, USA, and studied architecture at the Washington University in St. Louis. In 1938, he continued his studies at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Michigan. He later became the head of the Design Department.
Beatrice Alexandra (Ray) Kaiser was born in 1912 in Sacramento, California. She studied painting at Bennett College in New York before she met Charles Eames at the Cranbrook Academy. They married in 1941.
As designers, Ray and Charles Eames experimented with moulded plywood, and together with Finnish architect Eero Saarinen, they won the “Organic Design in Home Furnishings” competition in 1940. In 1946, the duo’s work was exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York.
In addition to their prodigious furniture output, the pair had also designed the IBM-Pavilion at the 1964 New York World’s Fair. In 1969, they participated at the Musée des Arts Decoratifs exhibition “Qu’est-ce que le design?” and MoMA presented a retrospective of their work in 1973, entitled “Furniture by Charles and Ray Eames.” Charles Eames died in 1978, while Ray Eames died in 1988.
The Work of Charles & Ray Eames
The duo’s early work is associated with the moulded plywood technique pioneered by Alvar Aalto. In 1956, they designed the famous Lounge Chair and Ottoman – a contemporary version of a club chair. The seat offers unparalleled comfort and quality, combined with luxurious materials such as rosewood and leather.
In 1958, the designers followed up with the Aluminium Group, a series of chair designs using cast aluminium and a wide variety of canvas and leather seats, available in different colours. The chairs were easily adaptable to both office and home environments. Charles and Ray Eames also worked extensively with steel wire, as well as fibreglass and plastic.
The Eames House was built as the couple’s house and studio in 1949 in the Pacific Palisades neighbourhood of Los Angeles. Built as a part of the Case Study Houses Program initiated by Arts & Architecture magazine, it is sometimes known as Case Study House Nr. 8. The architecture of the Eames House serves as a frame for an ever-changing mix-and-match interior, in which Eames furniture was often paired with exotic and primitive objects.
The Eames Chair combines comfort with high design, and the multitude of available seats, bases and colours enables combinations such as Plastic Side Chair and Eames Armchair and Eames Rocking Chair. The chairs were originally made from fibreglass, but are now produced from moulded plastic (polypropylene) by the manufacturer Vitra.
Originally designed as a children’s wardrobe, Hang it all is made of white steel wire and colourful wooden spheres. A modular design, it can be repeated almost endlessly without losing the compositional harmony of the original unit.
Plywood Group
The concept behind the Plywood Group furniture series was that three-dimensionally moulded plywood could be designed to fit human anatomy. Additionally, plywood furniture is light and durable, if treated correctly. The LCW Eames Chair optimises the support for the seat and the backrest by fastening the components to the steel frame with rubber screws, an innovation pioneered by Charles and Ray Eames.
Photos by Elizabeth Daniels
Tags Charles and Ray Eames
Museum of Failure: An Epic Catalogue Of The World’s Worst Innovations
Carlo Riva Pioneering Engineer And Designer of Riva Yachts, Dies Aged 95
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Accurate Well Inspection
Home » Maine
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Cumulative Interarrival Time Distributions of Freeway Entrance Ramp Traffic for Traffic Simulations
Erdinç Öner
Keywords: signalized, non-signalized, traffic modelling, headway, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
Cumulative interarrival time (IAT) distributions for signalized and non-signalized freeway entrance ramps were developed to be used in digital computer traffic simulation models. The data from four different non-signalized entrance ramps (three ramps with a single lane, one ramp with two lanes) and two different signalized entrance ramps (both with a single lane) were used for developing the cumulative IAT distributions. The cumulative IAT distributions for the signalized and non-signalized entrance ramps were compared with each other and with the cumulative IAT distributions of the lanes for freeways. The comparative results showed that the cumulative IAT distributions for non-signalized entrance ramps are very close to the leftmost lane of a 3-lane freeway where the maximum absolute difference between the cumulative IAT distribution of the leftmost lane of a 3-lane freeway and the entrance ramps cumulative IAT distribution was 3%. The cumulative IAT distribution for the signalized entrance ramps was found to be different from the non-signalized entrance ramp cumulative IAT distribution. The approximated cumulative IAT distributions for signalized and non-signalized entrance ramp traffic for any hourly traffic volume from a few vehicles/hour up to 2,500 vehicles/hour can be obtained at http://www.ohio.edu/orite/research/uitds.cfm.
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Sullivan, D. and Troutbeck, R.: The Use of Cowan’s M3 Headway Distribution for Modeling Urban Traffic Flow, Traffic Engineering and Control, Volume 35, Number 7, 1994, pp. 445-450.
Zwahlen, H.T., Russ, A., Oner, E., and Parthasarathy, M.: Evaluation of Microwave Radar Trailers for Nonintrusive Traffic Measurements. Transportation Research Record, Number 1917, 2005, pp.127-140
Zwahlen, H.T., Oner, E., and Suravaram, K.R.: Approximated Headway Distributions of Free-Flowing Traffic on Ohio Freeways for Work Zone Traffic Simulations. Transportation Research Record, Number 1999, 2007, pp.131-140
Chu, L., Liu, H.X., Recker, W., and Zhang, H.M.: Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Ramp-Metering Algorithms Using Microscopic Traffic Simulation Model, Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 3, 2004, pp. 330-338
Smaragdis, E., Papageorgiou, M., and Kosmatopoulos, E.: A Flow-Maximizing Adaptive Local Ramp Metering Strategy, Transportation Research. Part B, Methodological, Vol. 38B, No. 3, 2004, pp. 251-270
Taylor, J.C., McKenna, P.G., Young, P.C., Chotai, A., and MacKinnon, M.: Macroscopic Traffic Flow Modelling and Ramp Metering Control using Matlab/Simulink, Environmental Modelling and Software, Vol. 19, No. 10, 2004, pp. 975-988
Kwon, E., Nanduri, S., Lau, R., and Aswegan, J.: Comparative Analysis of Operational Algorithms for Coordinated Ramp Metering, Transportation Research Record, Number 1748, 2001, pp. 144-152
Bellemans, T., De Schutter, B., and De Moor, B.: Model Predictive Control for Ramp Metering of Motorway Traffic: A Case Study, Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 14, 2006, pp. 757-767
Microsoft Live Search Maps, http://maps.live.com/. Accessed December 18, 2011
Suravaram, K. Modeling the Interarrival Times for Non-Signalized Freeway Entrance Ramps, Master’s Thesis, Ohio University, 2007.
Siegel, S.: Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1956, p.131
Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H.: Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1960, pp. 187- 287
Öner E. Cumulative Interarrival Time Distributions of Freeway Entrance Ramp Traffic for Traffic Simulations. Promet - Traffic&Transportation. 1;25(1):1-12. DOI: 10.7307/ptt.v25i1.1242
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Cloud Foundry renews its focus on developer experience as it looks beyond the enterprise
April 30, 2020 at 14:35 PM EDT
The Cloud Foundry Foundation (CFF) just went through a major leadership change, with executive director Abby Kearns stepping down after five years (and becoming a CTO at Puppet) and the CFF’s CTO Chip Childers stepping into the top leadership role in the organization. For the most part, though, these changes are only accelerating some of […]
The Cloud Foundry Foundation (CFF) just went through a major leadership change, with executive director Abby Kearns stepping down after five years (and becoming a CTO at Puppet) and the CFF’s CTO Chip Childers stepping into the top leadership role in the organization. For the most part, though, these changes are only accelerating some of the strategic moves the organization already made in the last few years.
If you’re unfamiliar with the open-source Cloud Foundry project, it’s a Platform-as-a-Service that’s in use by the majority of Fortune 500 enterprises. After a lot of technical changes, which essentially involved building out support for containers and adding Kubernetes as an option for container orchestration next to the container tools Cloud Foundry built long before the rise of Google’s open-source tool, the technical underpinnings of the project are now stable. And as Childers has noted before, that now allows the project to refocus its efforts on developer experience.
Image Credits: Cloud Foundry (opens in a new window) / Flickr (opens in a new window)
That, after all, was always the selling point of Cloud Foundry. Developers stick to a few rules and, in return, they can easily push their apps to Cloud Foundry with a single command (“cf push”) and know that it will run, while the enterprises that employ them get the benefits of faster development cycles.
On the flip side, though, actually managing that Cloud Foundry install was never easy, and required either a heavy lift from internal infrastructure teams or the help of outside firms like Pivotal, IBM, SAP, Suse and others to run and manage the platform. That pretty much excluded smaller companies, and especially startups, from using the platform. As Childers noted, some still did use it, but that was never the project’s focus.
Now, with the Kubernetes underpinnings in place, he believes that it will become easier for non-enterprise users to also get started with the platform. And projects like KubeCF and CF for K8s now offers a full Cloud Foundry distribution for Kubernetes, which makes it relatively easy to use the platform on top of modern infrastructure.
To highlight some of these changes, the CFF today unveiled its new tutorial hub that will not just explain what Cloud Foundry is, but also feature tutorials to get started. Some of these will be hosted and written by the Foundation itself, while community members will contribute others.
“Our community has created a learning hub, curated by the Cloud Foundry Foundation, of open-source tutorials for folks to learn Cloud Foundry and related cloud native technologies,” said Childers. “The hub includes an interactive hands-on lab for first-time Cloud Foundry users to experience how easy the platform makes deploying applications to Kubernetes, and is open for the community to contribute.”
International Business Machines SAP Ag
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Comments, In Focus, Needle's Eye
African-Caribbean slavery and the present-day industrial slavery
More than half the world’s cobalt used in smart phones and similar gadgets comes from the Democratic (sic) Republic of Congo. Around 40,000 children are labouring in mines, many in Congo’s cobalt mines.
Nigel Pocock
The biggest of these mines are Chinese subsidiaries. Microsoft, one of the most powerful and wealthiest of companies, said that it was too difficult and expensive to chase their supply chain!
The Congo/Angola region was where more slaves were captured and imprisoned into Caribbean slavery than anywhere else. In the Belgian Congo, Leopold II may have been directly responsible for the genocide of around half of the population, who laboured as slaves on his rubber plantations. This was not abolished until exposed by missionaries just before the Great War.
One of the aims of the Movement for Justice and Reconciliation is to oppose both the legacy of African Caribbean slavery, and modern-day industrial exploitation. In the Congo, this legacy has continued, and continues, in a direct line.
It is helpful to look at the effects of slavery in the American South. Such an investigation reveals the effects of slavery. Multiple variables interact and compound or ameliorate each other, and are passed down through time. The more unequal a society the greater the social stresses.
The former states of the Confederacy perform less well on every social dysfunction, than the states of the Union, and that this appears to owe a very great deal to the absolute hierarchy (extreme inequality) that existed between slaves and the plantocratic white leaders of the Confederacy. The ‘blessings of capitalism’ were certainly theirs; the slaves were in total subjection and misery. Everything was justified by a distorted ‘Christian’ legitimation.
It therefore appears that planter ideology has been carried on in communities such as the former Confederate states. A society with such an extreme inequality of power, is one based on two simple factors, both part of the notion of ‘social capital’, namely the degree of trust, and the number of organised groups a person belongs to.
The Mississippi delta of Mississippi and Louisiana, together with Alabama and South Carolina, and to a lesser extent Virginia and North Carolina, had the highest concentrations of African American slaves. There were small pockets in the border states of Kentucky and Maryland (adjoining Virginia). The further away from these pockets, the less the levels of mental health and social pathologies, showing an almost certain relationship with slavery amongst modern day descendants.
One of the greatest myths is that modern slavery can be directly compared with African-Caribbean chattel slavery. There are a number of total fallacies in this argument. Could it be, as is suggested by Professor Geoff Palmer, that local communities can talk about modern trafficking, because it is something to which (apparently) ‘no sins can be connected’, and that therefore they need not have any guilt feelings about?
World population is now eight times greater than it was in 1800, at the height of the African-Caribbean trade (1 billion to 8 billion today). Even if we take the maximum estimate of 40 million modern slaves, this is not eight times the number of 15 million or so Africans that were trafficked into chattel slavery (= 120,000,000), or three times as many in relative terms.
The equation is even more disparate if the huge numbers of slaves that were subsequently ‘bred’ are factored in, and the numbers that died en route to the coast.
African-Caribbean chattel slavery was unique in that it was legal, and there was no embarrassment about There has never been a society directly like those of the Caribbean islands or in adjunct colonies like Surinam. In Barbados at the heig
ht of slavery, 80,000 slaves were packed into an island the size of the Isle of Wight. I challenge any modern reader to find any place in the world with a comparable ratio. This was typical of islands all over the Caribbean!
Caribbean slavery was hereditable down the female line, in perpetuity, and for life. Africans were regarded as sub-human.
Caribbean slave statistics are only for the Caribbean Atlantic basin, and only for the middle passage. Modern figures are global. The figures cannot be
Violence was on a scale that cannot be imagined in any modern situation. Tortures and methods of execution were medieval in the
Let us therefore stop trying to make out that modern trafficking is parallel to African- Caribbean slavery in both its scale and its effects. It is not.
Was Black plantation slavery worse than White industrial slavery? This was a staple claim of the pro-slavery lobby, and is still a sensitive issue today, simply because it seems to belittle the history of suffering that the African slaves underwent in the Caribbean and South America. Yet there is unquestionably a great deal of evidence that working people in Britain were indeed treated with appalling abuse and cruelty in the eighteenth
There was also a tendency for some abolitionists to have a ‘Bibles before bread’ outlook in addressing the plight of slaves in the Caribbean. Others, however, were ultra-radical on issues of justice for the poor at home, as well as in the Caribbean.
Under both industrial and plantation economic management ruthlessness was combined with profitability, and hence just enough (a minimum of) physical and mental health for the enslaved workers to return a profit in a way that did not threaten the prevailing class and racist ideologies. There would therefore have been a strong overlap in the working conditions of both slaves and industrial white workers, but with the extremes of summary violence reaching far greater excesses on the plantations than ever it could in England.
Burnings, hangings, amputations, rapes and much more, cannot be said to have been tolerated in England, to the extent that were in the Caribbean. The modern writer needs to present both good history, and to do justice to each: White industrial working people were indeed subjected to great cruelty, and this was often ignored even in churches, with radical preachers being sacked from their posts if they raised such discomfort within their congregations.
(Photos: Pixabay)
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Artificial intelligence: How robots replaced seven employees at Swiss Bank
5May - by aiuniverse - 3 - In Artificial Intelligence
Source – business-standard.com
Have seven employees work for three days or use software robots instead? In a pilot project, St. Galler Kantonalbank AG opted for the second option. The bank is so satisfied with the test results that it wants to decide on further assignments by the end of May.
“We’ve seen that’s technically feasible and now we’re exploring whether other applications are worthwhile, and I’m very optimistic about that”, Felix Buschor, member of the management board, said in an interview with Bloomberg. “The assessment of the potential is in full swing.”
Buschor admits that the use of robots is causing some employees to worry about their jobs. “However, as we have always compensated efficiency gains through natural fluctuation and because we paid close attention to enabling our employees to develop new technologies, the acceptance is high,” he said.
St. Galler Kantonalbank is not the only bank currently examining the use of new technologies, Christian Voigt, managing director of Nuremberg-based IT consultant Roboyo GmbH, said. He helped the Swiss bank with its test run. “In the financial sector, the automation of processes is currently a huge topic, and we work with banks, insurers and leasing companies,” Voigt said.
He attributes the banks’ strong interest to time savings and cost reductions. For example, thanks to the use of robots, it is possible to forgo costly and expensive software interfaces for the communication between two systems, he said. “Sometimes, seven-digit amounts of money are needed for such an interface.”
SGKB’s test run, which also skipped such an interface, was carried out in connection with the acquisition of M.M. Warburg Bank Schweiz AG’s private banking business. SGKB had to transfer about 5,000 securities positions to its own IT systems. The five robots that were used did their job well, the bank said.
Use in compliance seen
Buschor puts the costs for the first use of the software robots at 20,000 Swiss francs to 30,000 Swiss francs, for example for hardware and external consulting services. Should the bank opt for further uses, the financial costs would accordingly be spread over several projects.
A study by GFT Technologies SE carried out at the end of 2017 showed that technologies and artificial intelligence have the potential to revolutionize the financial sector. The survey involved 285 professionals from small to large retail banks in eight countries, including Germany, who were interviewed. Around 94 percent of all participants of major banking institutions saw direct added value in artificial intelligence solutions.
Buschor can imagine a variety of uses for software robots. “I’m thinking of internal control processes or compliance,” he says. But there are also limits to their use, for example when it comes to advising customers, he added.
Artificial Intelligence , Robots , software robots , Swiss Bank
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Trustworthy artificial intelligence – is new EU regulation coming for AI?
17Feb - by aiuniverse - 0 - In AI-ONE
Source: siliconrepublic.com
The new president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, committed to introducing a new European regulation for artificial intelligence (AI) in Europe during her first 100 days in office. While a fully fledged regulation is unlikely in that timeframe, we can expect to see a vision for a new regulatory framework for AI in Europe very soon, possibly this month.
What can we expect from such a regulation and what should AI developers and businesses be doing to prepare for it?
The EU is positioning itself as a leader in trustworthy, human-centric artificial intelligence. The European Commission set out its vision for AI, which supports “ethical, secure and cutting-edge AI made in Europe”.
Three pillars underpin the Commission’s vision: increasing public and private investments in AI to boost its uptake; preparing for socio-economic changes; and ensuring an appropriate ethical and legal framework to strengthen European values.
To implement this vision, the Commission established the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (HLEG-AI), which published its Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI in April 2019. These guidelines have received considerable international attention and are widely regarded as the most comprehensive framework for ethical and trustworthy AI in the world.
Trustworthiness is a prerequisite for people and societies to develop, deploy and use AI systems. If AI systems – and the human beings behind them – are not demonstrably worthy of trust, the uptake of AI will be hindered.
Why would this matter? AI offers vast social and economic benefits in health, in education, in transport and in sustainable development. Trust is key. Like many other settings, such as trust in aviation technologies, nuclear power or food safety, it is not simply the components of the AI system but the system in its overall context that may or may not inspire trust.
Lawful, ethical, robust
In its work, the European Commission’s HLEG-AI, building upon the EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights, defined ‘trustworthy AI’ applications along three axes: they must be lawful, ethical and robust. To make the concept more practical, the HLEG-AI translated these three components into a set of requirements that AI systems must satisfy in order to be considered trustworthy.
Trustworthy AI systems must: protect human agency and ensure human oversight of their operation and impact; be technically and environmentally robust and safe to use; respect individual privacy and be based on good governance; ensure they are non-discriminatory and fair; protect societal and environmental wellbeing; and be transparent and accountable.
The operationalisation of trustworthy AI in practice is defined through an assessment list that the HLEG-AI has developed and is currently refining based on broad public consultation across Europe, as well as deep-dive interviews with representative stakeholder organisations.
We can expect that the upcoming regulatory context for artificial intelligence in the EU will be closely aligned with the principles of trustworthy AI, although it is important to note that the HLEG-AI has no role in drafting such regulation.
There is a growing sense that rather than introducing a generic AI regulation, there will be a more nuanced risk-based approach, possibly one that is application and technology-specific. Some of the high-risk domains that generate a significant amount of debate include healthcare, judicial decision-making, and mass citizen surveillance.
For example, facial recognition raises issues such as a person’s right to privacy, the gathering of personal data without consent and the potential for discrimination. We are likely to see restrictions on the use of facial recognition, possibly even a ban for some period of time in specific settings.
Some of the technology-specific issues relate to how we can ensure that, for example, data-driven AI systems are trained and rigorously evaluated in order to be confident that they are free of harmful bias.
Irish opportunity
Ireland has a great opportunity to become a leader in trustworthy AI. Ireland is the European home to many of the world’s leading companies in data, AI and technology. There is significant national strength in the commercial, academic and civil society spheres. Trustworthy AI will become a commercial imperative.
Even if a new European AI regulatory framework was not to materialise, consumers are becoming highly sensitive to personal data privacy, the impact of technology on the integrity of democracy, and the influence of personalisation and targeting on individual autonomy. Trustworthy AI will become the de-facto standard for AI-based technologies to be accepted by consumers.
We can, and should, take a leadership role here. Ireland has an excellent reputation in artificial intelligence and we have the opportunity to make Ireland a beacon of best practice in trustworthy AI.
Businesses in Ireland can lead by stepping up and grasping this opportunity by developing protocols, tools and services to support the auditability and transparency of the AI systems they build and deploy.
Ireland is a country that is respected and trusted throughout the world because of our reputation in areas such as safe food production, our environment, our tradition of international peace-keeping and diplomacy, as well as our achievements in arts and culture. We should establish a world-leading reputation for trustworthy AI. We have the ingredients, the expertise and the ecosystem to make it happen.
AI , Artificial intelligence (AI) , data analytics , EU , European Commission , GUEST COLUMN , opinion , Trustworthy
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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
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Painting depicting a lecture in a knight academy, painted by Pieter Isaacsz or Reinhold Timm for Rosenborg Castle as part of a series of seven paintings depicting the seven independent arts. This painting illustrates rhetorics.
Legal education is the education of individuals in the principles, practices, and theory of law. It may be undertaken for several reasons, including to provide the knowledge and skills necessary for admission to legal practice in a particular jurisdiction, to provide a greater breadth of knowledge to those working in other professions such as politics or business, to provide current lawyers with advanced training or greater specialisation, or to update lawyers on recent developments in the law.
Legal education can take the form of a variety of programs, including:
Primary degrees in law, which may be studied at either undergraduate or graduate level depending on the country.
Advanced academic degrees in law, such as masters and doctoral degrees.
Practice or training courses, which prospective lawyers are required to pass in some countries before they may enter practice.
Applied or specialised law accreditation, which are less formal than degree programs but which provide specialised certification in particular areas.
Continuing legal education, which do not lead to a qualification but provide practicing lawyers with updates on recent legal developments.
2 Forms
2.1 Primary degrees in law
2.2 Advanced degrees in law
2.3 Practice or training courses
2.4 Applied law programs or specialist accreditation
2.5 Continuing legal education
3 In different countries
3.5 Hong Kong
3.7 Italy and France
3.11 New Zealand
3.12 Philippines
3.13 Russia and Ukraine
3.14 Serbia
3.16 South American countries
Early Western legal education emerged in Republican Rome. Initially those desiring to be advocates would train in schools of rhetoric. Around the third century BCE Tiberius Coruncanius began teaching law as a separate discipline.[1] His public legal instruction had the effect of creating a class of legally skilled non-priests (jurisprudentes), a sort of consultancy. After Coruncanius' death, instruction gradually became more formal, with the introduction of books on law beyond the then scant official Roman legal texts.[2] It is possible that Coruncanius allowed members of the public and students to attend consultations with citizens in which he provided legal advice. These consultations were probably held outside the College of Pontiffs, and thus accessible to all those interested.[3]
Canon and ecclesiastical law were studied in universities in medieval Europe. However, institutions providing education in the domestic law of each country emerged later in the eighteenth century.
In England, legal education emerged in the late thirteenth century through apprenticeships. The Inns of Court controlled admission to practice and also provided some legal training. English universities had taught Roman and canon law for some time, but formal degrees focused on the native common law did not emerge until the 1800s.[4]
Primary degrees in law
Gustavianum, The Swedish Uppsala University built 1622–1625 and now a museum, was one of the pioneers in formal legal education
In many countries, including most of those in the Commonwealth of Nations, the principal law degree is an undergraduate degree, usually known as a Bachelor of Laws (LLB). Graduates of such a program are eligible to become lawyers by passing the country's equivalent of a bar exam. In these countries, graduate law programs are advanced degrees which allow for more in-depth study or specialisation.
In the United States and Canada, the primary law degree is a graduate degree known as the Juris Doctor (JD). Students may pursue such a degree only after completing an undergraduate degree, usually a bachelor's degree. The undergraduate degree can be in any field, though most American lawyers hold bachelor's degrees in the humanities and social sciences. American law schools are usually an autonomous entity within a larger university.
Primary degrees in law are offered by law schools, known in some countries as faculties of law. Law schools may have varying degrees of autonomy within a particular university or, in some countries, can be entirely independent of any other post-secondary educational institution.
Advanced degrees in law
Higher degrees allow for more advanced academic study. These include the Masters of Law (LLM) by coursework or research, and doctoral degrees such as the PhD or SJD.
Practitioners may undertake a Masters of Law by coursework to obtain greater specialisation in an area in which they practice. In many common law countries, a higher degree in law is common and expected for legal academics. In addition, incorporating practical skills is beneficial for practitioners seeking higher degrees to better prepare them in their respective legal area of practice.[5]
In contrast, higher degrees in law are uncommon in the United States, even within the academy.
Practice or training courses
In some countries, including the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, Canada and some states of Australia,[6] the final stages of vocational legal education required to qualify to practice law are carried out outside the university system. The requirements for qualification as a barrister or as a solicitor are covered in those articles.
Applied law programs or specialist accreditation
Legal education providers in some countries offer courses which lead to a certificate or accreditation in applied legal practice or a particular specialisation.
Continuing legal education (also known as continuing professional development) programs are informal seminars or short courses which provide legal practitioners with an opportunity to update their knowledge and skills throughout their legal career. In some jurisdictions, it is mandatory to undertake a certain amount of continuing legal education each year.
In different countries
Main article: Law school
Main article: List of law schools in Australia
In Australia most universities offer law as an undergraduate-entry course (LLB, 4 years), or combined degree course (e.g., BSc/LLB, BCom/LLB, BA/LLB, BE/LLB, 5–6 years). Some of these also offer a three-year postgraduate Juris Doctor (JD) program. Bond University in Queensland runs three full semesters each year, teaching from mid-January to late December. This enables the Bond University Law Faculty to offer the LLB in the usual 8 semesters, but only 22⁄3 years. They also offer a JD in two years. The University of Technology, Sydney will from 2010 offer a 2-year accelerated JD program.[7]
In 2008, the University of Melbourne introduced the Melbourne Model, whereby Law is only available as a graduate degree, with students having to have completed a three-year bachelor's degree (usually an Arts degree) before being eligible.[8] Students in combined degree programs would spend the first 3 years completing their first bachelor's degree together with some preliminary law subjects, and then spend the last 2–3 years completing the law degree (JD). Alternatively, one can finish any bachelor's degree, and providing their academic results are high, apply for graduate-entry into a 3-year LLB program. Australian Law Schools include those at the University of New England, Australian Catholic University, Australian National University, La Trobe University, Flinders University, Bond University, Macquarie, Monash, Deakin, UNSW, University of Tasmania, Adelaide, Victoria University, Sydney, Melbourne, Queensland University of Technology, the University of Queensland, the University of Western Australia and the University of Canberra.
Main article: List of law schools in Canada
The professional law degree in Canada is the Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) / Juris Doctor (J.D.) for common law jurisdictions, and the Bachelor of Laws, Licentiate of Law or Bachelor of Civil Law (LL.B./LL.L./B.C.L.) for Quebec, a civil law jurisdiction. Quebec civil law degrees (and the transsystemic B.C.L../J.D. [previously called B.C.L./LL.B.] program at McGill University) are undergraduate-entry—students can be admitted directly after Quebec's pre-university college program (Diplôme d'études collégiales).
Admittance to an LL.B. (also called J.D.) program in common law requires at least two years of undergraduate education, although a completed undergraduate degree is usually required. In practice, the vast majority of those who are admitted have already earned at least an undergraduate (bachelor's) degree. The change in academic nomenclature re-designating the common law degree as a J.D. rather than an LL.B., currently completed or under consideration at a number of Canadian schools, has not affected the level of instruction—it is the same degree.[9][10]
Main article: Legal education in China
See also: List of law schools in China
In Germany, law degrees historically did not exist and are unnecessary for legal practice.[11] However, those who wish to enter the legal profession must still study in universities, for which the standard curriculum length is 4 and 1/2 years.[11] Some law schools have also begun to award the Diplom-Jurist degree. German students enter into law school after high school (Gymnasium) graduation.
After their studies, candidates complete the First State Examination.[11] In the First State Exam, 30% of the exam is on a specialized area of law, chosen by the examinee, which is organized and carried out by the university.[11] In practice, the more important part is the 70% of obligatory areas of law examined by the Justizprüfungsamt, a body of the state administration of justice.[11] Failure rates of the 1st State Examination can be up to 30%.[11] The written part concerns the analysis of legal issues.[11]
After passing the 1st State Examination, candidates undertake a two-year legal traineeship (“Referendariat”), organized by the Federal States.[11] After the legal traineeship, candidates must take the 2nd State Examination, with failure rates is far lower than in the 1st State Examination.[11] The written exam consists of drafting judgments, contract and other legal documents; there is also an oral exam. After passing the 2nd State Exam, the trainee may become a lawyer.[11]
Main article: Legal education in Hong Kong
In Hong Kong law can be studied as a four-year undergraduate degree Bachelor of Laws (LLB), a two-year postgraduate degree (Juris Doctor), or the Common Professional Examination conversion course for non-law graduates. One must then pass the one-year Postgraduate Certificate in Laws (PCLL) currently offered at the University of Hong Kong (HKU), Chinese University of Hong Kong and City University of Hong Kong, before starting vocational training: a year's pupillage for barristers or a two-year training contract for solicitors.
The move to a four-year LLB was recent and, in the case of HKU, was aimed at shifting some of the more theoretical aspects of the HKU PCLL into the LLB, leaving more room for practical instruction.
Main article: Legal education in India
See also: Autonomous law schools in India, Common Law Admission Test, and List of law schools in India
The Bar Council of India prescribes and supervises standard of legal education in India. Law degrees in India are granted and conferred in terms of the Advocates Act, 1961, which is a law passed by the Parliament both on the aspect of legal education and also regulation of conduct of legal profession. Various regional universities or specialised national law universities offer Law graduate degrees through various law schools.
In India law can be studied, as LL.B. (Bachelor of Laws) or B.L. (Bachelor of Law), a three-year graduate degree after completion of Bachelor's degree. Alternatively after standard 12 one can join an integrated five-year law course which provides option to avail B.A. LL.B. or B.B.A. LLB. or B.Sc. LL.B. In India applied legal education for specific branches of law is also offered such as, Business law, Human resource and Labour laws, Property laws, Family laws, Human rights & Legal awareness, Taxation law and many more.
Italy and France
Law in Italy and France is studied in a jurisprudence school which is an entity within a larger university. Legal education can be started immediately after obtained a Diploma. Italian and French law schools are affiliated with public universities, and are thus public institutions. As a consequence, law schools are required to admit anyone holding the baccalaureate. However, the failure rate is extremely high (up to 70%) during the first two years of the "licenza in diritto". There are no vast disparities in the quality of Southern European law schools. Many schools focus on their respective city and region.
The law school program is divided following the European standards for university studies (Bologna process):
first a license of law program (Licence de droit): three-year period
Then a Master of law program (Master de droit): two-year period
Ph.D. in Law (Doctorat en droit): three-year period (often more).
The first year of the master program (M1) is specialized: public law, private law, business law, European and international law, etc.
The second year of the master of law program (M2) can be work-oriented or research oriented (the students write a substantial thesis and can apply to doctoral programs, e.g., a PhD in Law).
The second year is competitive (entry is based on the student's grades and overall score and on extracurricular activities) and generally more specialized (IP law, contract law, civil liberties, etc.).
Students must pass a specific examination to enter bar school (CRFPA, école du barreau). They must successfully finish the first year of a Master of law (M1 or maitrise de droit) to be able to attend.
If they succeed, then after 18 months (school, practical aspects, ethics and internship) they then take the CAPA exam and diploma(Certificat d'Aptitude à la Profession d'Avocat). Successful students also take the Oath in order to practice law.
The Japanese Ministry of Justice opened the University of Tokyo Faculty of Law in 1877 (changed to Imperial University in 1886). To matriculate to the University of Tokyo, students had to finish ten to fifteen years of compulsory education; acceptance was therefore available to only a small elite. The law program produced politically-dependable graduates to fill fast-track administrative positions in government, also known as high civil servants (koto bunkan), and to serve as judges and prosecutors.
Private law schools opened around 1880. These lacked the government funding given to the University of Tokyo, so the quality of education there lagged behind. Students only had to pass an examination to matriculate to private law schools, so many of them had not completed middle school. The private law schools produced a large portion of private attorneys because their graduates were often ineligible to apply for government positions.
The Imperial University Faculty of Law was given supervisory authority over many private law schools in 1887; by the 1920s, it promulgated a legal curriculum comprising six basic codes: Constitutional Law, Civil Law, Commercial Law, Civil Procedure, Criminal Law, and Criminal Procedure. The same basic structure survived in Japanese legal education to the end of the twentieth century.[12]
Prior to the implementation of the "law school system" in 2004, the legal education system was driven more by examinations than by formal schooling. The passage rate for the bar exam was historically around three percent, and nearly all those who sat for the exam took it several times. A number of specialized "cram schools" trained prospective lawyers for the exam, and these schools remain prevalent today. After passing the bar exam, prospective barristers were required to train for 16 months at the Legal Research and Training Institute of the Supreme Court of Japan. The training period has traditionally been devoted to litigation practice and virtually no training is given for other aspects of legal practice, e.g., contract drafting, legal research. During this period, the most "capable trainees" are "selected out" to become career judges; others may become prosecutors or private practitioners.
In 2004, the Japanese Diet passed a law allowing for the creation of graduate level law school law schools (法科大学院, hōka daigakuin) that offer a J.D., or Hōmu Hakushi (法務博士). The 2006 bar examination was first in Japanese history to require a law school degree as a prerequisite. In the past, although there has been no educational requirement, most of those who passed the examination had earned undergraduate degrees from "elite" Japanese universities such as the University of Tokyo, Kyoto University or Hitotsubashi University. With this new law school system came a new bar exam, with a 40–50% passage rate which is capped by a numerical quota. Applicants are now limited to taking the exam three times in a five-year period. Despite the much higher bar passage rate with the new exam, due to the quotas, approximately half of Japanese law school graduates will never be admitted to practice. The new system also reduced the apprenticeship period at the Legal Research and Training Institute to one year.[8]
A number of other law-related professions exist in Japan, such as patent agents (benrishi), tax accountants (zeirishi), scriveners, etc., entry to each of which is governed by a separate examination. Attorneys ("bengoshi"), being qualified to practice any law, can automatically be qualified as patent agents and tax accountants with no additional examination, but not vice versa.
Main article: Law school in Korea
Legal education in Korea is driven by examination. The profession of barristers, is highly regulated, and the pass rate for the bar exam is around five percent. Prospective attorneys who do pass the exam usually take it two or three times before passing it, and a number of specialized "private educational institutes" exist for prospective lawyers. After passing the bar exam, prospective barristers undergo a two-year training period at the Judicial Research and Training Institute of the Supreme Court of Korea. During this period, the most capable trainees are "selected out" to become career judges; others may become prosecutors or private practitioners.
In 2007, the Korean government passed a law allowing for the creation of three-year law schools (법학전문대학원). According to the new law, the old system of selecting lawyers by examination will be phased out by 2013 and the U.S.-style law schools will be the sole route to become a lawyer.[8]
In February 2008, the Ministry of Education of Korea selected 25 universities to open law schools. The total enrollment for all law schools is capped at 2,000, which is a source of contention between the powerful Korea Bar Association, and citizen groups and school administrators. There is an uproar among the schools which failed to get the government's approval and even among the schools that did get the approval, there is dissatisfaction due to an extremely low enrollment number. Several law schools are permitted to enroll 40 students per year, which is far below the financially sustainable number. Beginning in 2012, passage of the Lawyer Admission Test (which is distinct from the old bar exam) will be required for qualification to practice.
A number of other legal professions exist in Korea, such as patent attorneys (변리사), tax attorneys (세무사), solicitors(법무사), etc., entry to each of which is governed by a separate examination.
Main article: Legal education in Malaysia
As a Commonwealth country, the Malaysian legal education system is rooted from the United Kingdom. Legal qualifications offered by the local law faculties require students to have a pre-university qualification such as the Malaysian Higher School Certificate, A-Level, International Baccalaureate, Foundation Course or a Diploma. Generally, the law degree programmes in Malaysia consist of civil law subjects, but there are institutions such as The National University of Malaysia, International Islamic University Malaysia and Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin that include Sharia or Islamic law courses as requirements for admission and graduation.[13][14][15]
Malaysian law graduates from universities in the UK, Australia or New Zealand are allowed to practice law in Malaysia. However, they are required to obtain a Certificate of Legal Practice in Laws of Malaysia.
Main article: List of law schools in New Zealand
The Council of Legal Education was established by section 2 of the New Zealand University Amendment Act 1930 (amending and deemed part of the New Zealand University Act 1908).[16] There is a New Zealand Law Students Association,[17] which has published a journal called Wagon Mound,[18] and holds an annual national mooting competition.[19] There is an Auckland University Law Students Society, which publishes the Auckland University Law Review, [20] is a member of International Law Students Association,[21] and which held the Students' Conference on Law Reform in 1965.[22] There is a Wellington Law Students Society,[23] an Otago Law Students Society,[24] and a University of Canterbury Law Students Society.[25] The original Canterbury Law Students Society was established in 1875.[26][27]
Main article: Legal education in the Philippines
See also: Philippine Bar Examination
Law degree programs are considered graduate programs in the Philippines. As such, admission to law schools requires the completion of a bachelor's degree, with a sufficient number of credits or units in certain subject areas. Legal education in the Philippines is regulated and supervised by the Legal Education Board, a statutorily created independent Body chaired by a retired member of the Supreme Court or of the Court of Appeals. Its first chairman is Justice Hilarion Aquino. Sitting as members of the Board are a representative of the law professors, a representative of the law deans and a representative of the Commission on Higher Education. The membership of a student representative has been subject to continuing debate and resistance on the part of law schools. Graduation from a Philippine law school constitutes the primary eligibility requirement for the Philippine Bar Examinations, administered by the Supreme Court during the month of September every year.
In order to be eligible to take the bar examinations, one must complete either of the two professional degrees: The Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) program or the Juris Doctor (J.D.) program. Advanced degrees are offered by some law schools, but are not requirements for admission to the practice of law in the Philippines. The degrees Master of Laws (LL.M.), Master of Legal Studies are available in only a handful of Philippine universities and colleges, among these San Beda College Graduate School of Law, the University of Santo Tomas and Ateneo de Manila University. The Doctor of Civil Law degree (DCL) is offered only by the University of Santo Tomas and the Doctor of Juridical Science (JSD) degree is offered by the San Beda College Graduate School of Law. Graduate programs in law are also regulated by the Legal Education Board.
Legal education in the Philippines normally proceeds along the following route:
Undergraduate education (usually 4 years)
Law school (usually 4 years)
Admission to the bar (usually by taking a Philippine bar exam)
Legal practice and mandatory continuing legal education
Russia and Ukraine
Law degree – jurist (often compared to an LL.M., but in fact equivalent to the degree of Specialist specific to the Soviet educational system) is awarded in Russia and Ukraine after 5 years of study at a university. Jurist degree may also be awarded in a shorter period of time if a law student has already completed Bachelor or Specialist degree in another field of studies or has previously earned a basic law degree (comparable to Paralegal, an associate degree in U.S.) from a specialized law college. Bachelor jurist degree (equivalent to Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.)) may be earned concurrently with another bachelor's or master's degree in some universities (comparable to a double-major). Note that this fused, one-degree (Specialist) educational scheme has coexisted with the two-degree (bachelor's – master's) scheme since Russia and Ukraine launched their higher education reforms to bring the domestic educational systems in closer compliance with the Bologna accords. See also academic degree. The latest educational reforms created new system where a four-year law program is offered at the universities for earning bachelor's degree, and a five-year law program is offered for master's degree. The degree of Specialist is no longer awarded and is renamed into master's degree.
See also: History of legal education in Serbia and University of Belgrade Faculty of Law
To become a lawyer in Serbia, students must graduate from an accredited faculty of law. First-level studies last four years (eight semesters), after which it is possible to enroll in Master's degree and PhD studies programmes. To become a student of the faculty of law, a candidate must pass the admission test. The practical training for students is organized at courts of law, and local and international moot court competitions. A lawyer must pass the national bar examination to become an attorney, a judge, or a prosecutor. In order to take the bar exam, it is only necessary to complete the 4 year studies programme and have a certain amount of work experience ( i.e. as a paralegal), but most attorneys have also attained the master's degree in law before passing the bar exam.
See also: Law of South Africa and List of law schools in South Africa
University of Stellenbosch Faculty of Law
In South Africa,[28][29] the LL.B. is the universal legal qualification for admission and enrollment as an Advocate or Attorney. Since 1998, LL.B. programmes may be entered directly at the undergraduate level; at the same time, the LLB. continues to be offered postgraduate and may then be accelerated dependent on the bachelor's degree. The programme lasts between two and four years correspondingly[30] (compare Australia, above). See Bachelor of Laws § South Africa.
Although not formally required for specialised practice, further training, e.g. in tax, is usually via postgraduate diplomas or focused, coursework-based LL.M. programmes.[31] Research degrees are the LL.M. and LL.D., or PhD depending on university. The Master's dissertation reflects an ability to conduct independent research, whereas the Doctoral thesis will, in addition, constitute an original contribution to the field of law in question.[32] A doctorate, generally, is required for positions in legal academia. See Master of Laws § South Africa; Doctor of Law § South Africa.
Historically, the B.Proc. and B.Juris were the legal degrees offered at the undergraduate level. The four-year BProc qualified one to practice as an attorney, or become a prosecutor or magistrate in the lower courts, but did not allow for admission as an advocate. The three-year B.Juris was the basic requirement for prosecutors and magistrates in the lower courts, but on its own, did not qualify one to practice as an attorney. Both offered admission to the LLB.[33]
For admission as an attorney, one serves "articles" as a candidate attorney with a practicing attorney for two years, and then writes a "board exam" set by the relevant provincial Law Society. See Attorneys in South Africa. The length of articles may be reduced by attending a practical legal training course or performing community service. Attorneys may additionally qualify as Notaries and Conveyancers, via the Conveyancing and Notarial Practice Examinations;[34] those with technical or scientific training may further qualify as patent attorneys.
The requirements to enter private practice as advocates (Junior Counsel) are to become members of a Bar Association by undergoing a period of training (pupilage) for one year with a practicing Advocate, and to sit an admission examination. On the recommendation of the Bar Councils, an advocate "of proven experience and skill" with at least ten years experience, may be appointed by the President of South Africa as a Senior Counsel (SC; also referred to as a "silk").[35] See Advocates in South Africa.
The Act regulating admission to practice law ("The Qualifications of Legal Practitioners Amendment Act of 1997") is being revised.[36]
Main article: Law in South America
The law of South America is one of the most unified in the world. All countries can be said to follow civil law systems, although recent developments in the law of Brazil suggest a move towards the stare decisis doctrine.
Main article: Legal education in Sri Lanka
In order to practice law in Sri Lanka, a lawyer must be 'admitted and enrolled as an Attorney-at-Law of the Supreme Court of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. To be admitted to the bar a law student must complete law exams held by the Sri Lanka Law College and undergo a six-month period of apprenticeship under a senior practicing lawyer. There are two routes taken by students:
Those who have gained a law degree, an LL.B. (which is 3–4 years long in Sri Lankan State Universities of University of Colombo, University of Jaffna, Open University of Sri Lanka and University of Peradeniya) are given direct entry to undertake law exams at the Sri Lanka Law College.
Those who don't hold a law degree, could gain entrance to the Sri Lanka Law College via a competitive entrance exam to study law and prepare for the law exams.
Both groups of students must undergo a period of apprenticeship under a senior practicing lawyer who has at least 8 years of practicing experience. To become a judge one must be admitted as an Attorney-at-Law.
Main article: Legal education in the United Kingdom
In England and Wales, law can be studied as an undergraduate degree or in a Graduate Diploma in Law where students complete the Common Professional Examination. After obtaining the degree which is necessary to complete certain vocational courses and to serve a period of on the job training before one is able to qualify to practice as a barrister, legal executive, or solicitor. Bar Professional Training Course is regarded as one of the hardest degrees and presently it is the most expensive law-related degree.
William & Mary School of Law, established in 1779, is the oldest law school in the USA
Main articles: Legal education in the United States and Law school in the United States
See also: Law School Admission Council
The education of lawyers in the United States is generally undertaken through a law school program, although in some states (such as California and Virginia) applicants who have not attended law school may qualify to take the bar exam.[37]
Legal education in the United States normally proceeds along the following route:
Admission to the bar (usually by taking a state's bar exam)
In the United States, in most cases, the degree awarded by American law schools is the Doctor of Jurisprudence or Juris Doctor (J.D.), a Doctoral degree, the pursuit of which students undertake only after having completed an undergraduate degree in some other field (usually a bachelor's degree). The law school program is considered to be a professional school program and upon graduation you receive the distinct title of Doctor (although most states strictly regulate the ability of attorneys to style themselves "doctor").
Research degrees that are awarded include the Master of Laws (LL.M.), Doctor of Juridical Science degrees (J.S.D. or S.J.D.) and Doctor of Comparative Law (D.C.L.), are post-undergraduate and research and academic-based level degrees. In the U.S. the Legum Doctor (LL.D.) is only awarded as an honorary degree.
A number of law students apply for an optional judicial clerkship (less than 10% end up in such position), to be taken after law school and before legal practice. Clerkships usually last one year with appellate courts, but trial level courts (including federal district court) are increasingly moving towards two-year clerkships.
Once a student has graduated from law school, he or she is expected to pursue admission to the bar in order to practice. Requirements for membership in the bar vary across the United States. In almost every state, the only way to be admitted to the bar is to pass a (usually multi-day) written examination. Once admitted, most States require attorneys to must meet certain Continuing Legal Education (CLE) requirements.
Academic degrees for non-lawyers are available at the baccalaureate and master's level. A common baccalaureate level degree is a Bachelor of Science in Legal Studies (B.S.). Academic master's degrees in legal studies are available, such as the Master of Studies (M.S.), and the Master of Professional Studies (M.P.S.). Such a degree is not required to enter a J.D. program.
Foreign lawyers seeking to practice in the U.S., who do not have a J.D., often seek to obtain a Master of Laws (LL.M.) (or other degrees similar to the LL.M., such as the Juris Master (J.M.), Master of Comparative Law (M.C.L.) and Master of Jurisprudence (M.J.)).
Lists of law schools
Trial advocacy
Law school outlines
Legal awareness
List of national legal systems
^ George Long article, p. 655 of A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Anqiquities by William Smith. John Murray, London 1875.
^ Unknown. "legal education." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 4 March 2007 <http://secure.britannica.com/eb/article-9106475>.
^ Andrew Boon and Julian Webb, 'Legal Education and Training in England and Wales: Back to the Future?' (2008) 58(1) Journal of Legal Education 79.
^ SpearIt. “Drafting Legal Documents in a Doctrinal Class,” in Experiential Education in the Law School Curriculum (Carolina Academic Press 2017) SSRN 3021333.
^ NSW Law Society, 'Practical Legal Training', retrieved 8 February 2017.
^ [2] Archived November 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^ a b c "Harvard Law Program on the Legal Profession Comparative Analyses of Legal Education, Law Firms, and Law and Legal Procedure". Law.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
^ To JD or Not JD — Law is Cool, November 13, 2007. Accessed 7 April 2008.
^ Alumni Consultation Next for Western's JD Proposal — Law is Cool, February 26, 2008. Accessed 7 April 2008.
^ a b c d e f g h i j European Commission (2020-01-02). "Lawyers' training systems in the Member States (Germany)". European e-Justice Portal. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
^ Setsuo Miyazawa (1999). "Legal Education and the Reproduction of the Elite in Japan, 1 Asian-Pac. L. & Pol'y J. 2" (PDF). Hawaii.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
^ "AHMAD IBRAHIM KULLIYYAH OF LAWS". www.iium.edu.my. Retrieved 2018-12-12.
^ http://www.fuha.unisza.edu.my/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=79&Itemid=133
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-02-03. Retrieved 2015-02-03. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Reprint of the Statutes of New Zealand, 1908-1957, volume 2, p 269
^ "New Zealand Law Students Association" [1974] New Zealand Law Journal 24 Google Books
^ [1973] New Zealand Law Journal 182 Google Book
^ "Mooting" in "Legal Education" [2000] NZLJ 238 Google; [1994] NZLJ 25 Google; [1998] NZLJ 309 Google
^ (1992) 7 Auckland University Law Review; New Zealand Books in Print 1970, pp 17 & 149; Law Books 1876-1981: Books and Serials on Law and its Related Subjects, R R Bowker, p 4926
^ Ilsa Guide to Education and Career Development in International Law, ILSA, 1991, p 237
^ "Auckland University Law Students Society - Easter Conference" [1965] NZLJ 112 Google. The Law in a Changing Society: A Policy and Programme for Law Reform, J R Hanan, Minister of Justice, Wellington, 1965, p 3 Google.
^ (1944) 20 NZLJ 266 Google
^ (1876) 1 New Zealand Jurist (New Series) 85. W Jackson Barry, Past & Present, And Men of the Times, McKee and Gamble, 1897, p 239
^ Fong and Edwards, Australian and New Zealand Legal Abbreviations, Australian Law Librarians' Group, New South Wales Branch, 1988, p 40
^ Robin Cooke, Portrait of a Profession: The Centennial Book of the New Zealand Law Society, A H & A W Reed, 1969, p 265 Google
^ For further reading on legal education in New Zealand, see Gregory S Crespi, "Comparing United States and New Zealand Legal Education" (1997) 30 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 31 Google; Geoff McLay, "Toward a History of New Zealand Legal Education" (1999) 30 Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 333; and Peter Spiller, "The History of New Zealand Legal Education: A Study in Ambivalence" (1993) 4 Legal Education Review 223, 1 Legal Education Digest; J F Northey, "Legal Education and the Universities" [1962] New Zealand Law Journal 9 Google; Legal Education in the Seventies, (Occasional Pamphlet No 6), Legal Research Foundation, School of Law, Auckland, 1971; "The Impact of United States Ideas on Legal Education in New Zealand" in Philips and Lealand and McDonald (eds), The Impact of American Ideas on New Zealand's Educational Policy, Practice and Thinking, NZ-US Educational Foundation, New Zealand Council for Educational Research, 1989, p 262 et seq; Hatchard (ed), "New Zealand", Directory of Commonwealth Law Schools 2003/2004, Cavendish Publishing, 2003, p 175 et seq
^ "Our qualifications". Brochure.unisa.ac.za. Archived from the original on 2009-03-09. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
^ [3] Archived April 24, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^ [4] Archived July 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Master of Laws (LL.M.) Programs in South Africa". Llm Guide. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
^ "School of Law LLM and LLD Degrees" (PDF). Unisa.ac.za. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
^ "Microsoft Word - Law_DoL_Report.doc" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-28. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
^ "Courses in Conveyancing and Notarial Practice" (PDF). Lssalead.org.za. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
^ "A Career at the Bar in South Africa – The General Council of the Bar (GCB)". Sabar.co.za. 1998-11-16. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
^ [5] Archived June 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^ "VBBE - Law Reader Program - Rules & Regulations". barexam.virginia.gov. Retrieved 2018-12-12.
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Witnesses in Transition Witnesses in Transition
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Home » Answers to Jehovah’s Witnesses » Was Christ raised as an angelic spirit?
Was Christ raised as an angelic spirit?
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Answers to Jehovah’s Witnesses #15
Robert M. Bowman Jr.
Garden_Tomb_2008.jpg
The Garden Tomb (2008 photo, Phillip Benshmuel, Wikimedia Commons)
Summary: The Watchtower Society teaches that Jesus Christ ceased to exist as a human being when he died and that he was “raised” from the dead as an immaterial spirit or angelic being. However, the proof texts the Society uses to support this doctrine do not teach it and the rest of the New Testament is very clear that Christ was raised from the dead in a glorified human body.
This article is one of a series of articles explaining in detail the doctrines of Jehovah’s Witnesses and showing why those teachings are not in harmony with the facts and teachings of the Bible. For an overview, see our article on what Jehovah’s Witnesses believe.
What the Watchtower Teaches
Jehovah’s Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ did not rise physically from the dead. The body that died and that was laid in the tomb never came back to life. Jesus died as a human being but was “raised” as an angelic being, an immaterial spirit creature. When Jesus was raised from the dead, according to the Watchtower’s reasoning, he went back to having a spirit body “like the one Jesus had before he came to earth…. It was a body like the angels have, a spirit body.”1 This is also the kind of body that Jehovah’s Witnesses teach will be given to the small class of “anointed” individuals who will live in heaven with Christ.2 The vast majority of human beings who are resurrected will not have the same kind of body as Christ and will not have immortality. The Watchtower Society defines immortal and incorruptible life as “eternal life in a spirit body that cannot be destroyed and does not decay.”3 Only “the anointed” will have such bodies. As for their present, human bodies, “Their bodies will likely be disposed of in the same manner that Jesus’ body was removed.”4
The Watchtower offered a convenient summary of its main arguments for this understanding of Jesus’ resurrection in its 1988 Bible encyclopedia:
Jehovah God evidently disposed of Jesus’ fleshly body in his own way (possibly disintegrating it into the atoms of which it was constituted). (Lu 24:2, 3, 22, 23; Joh 20:2) Jesus did not take back his fleshly body and thereby cancel out the ransom for which it was given. The apostle Peter testifies that Christ went into heaven, the realm of spirits, not flesh, “he being put to death in the flesh, but being made alive in the spirit.” (1Pe 3:18) Before his ascension to heaven Christ, as a mighty, immortal spirit person, did materialize various fleshly bodies to suit the occasion, for the purpose of giving to his disciples visible, palpable evidence of his resurrection.5
The Watchtower makes four key claims in support of its doctrine, all presented briefly in the above paragraph: (1) Christ could not have been raised in his physical body without canceling the ransom. This is the Watchtower’s main theological rationale for the doctrine. (2) 1 Peter 3:18 means that Christ was resurrected as a spirit being. This is one of the Watchtower’s main proof text for the doctrine. (3) Jesus’ dead human body was not in the tomb because God disposed of it in some way. (4) Jesus’ appearances to his disciples were in physical bodies temporarily materialized for the sake of convincing them he had been resurrected.
Biblical Response
In the previous article in this series, we have already responded thoroughly to the Watchtower’s theological argument that Jesus could not have been raised with his human body because that would have negated the ransom.6 In this article, we will survey the major passages in the New Testament on the subject of Jesus’ resurrection. Along the way, we will consider briefly other arguments Jehovah’s Witnesses advance in defense of their position.
Jesus’ Resurrection in the Gospel of Luke
All four Gospels agree that Jesus’ body was laid in a tomb just outside Jerusalem, that the tomb was sealed with a stone, and that around dawn on the first day of the week women found the stone rolled away and the body no longer in the tomb (Matt. 27:57-28:7; Mark 15:43-16:7; Luke 23:50-24:3; John 19:38-20:4). Matthew, Mark, and Luke report that one or two angels appeared to the women and told them that Jesus was not there because he had risen: “He is not here, for he has risen, as he said. Come, see the place where he lay” (Matt. 28:6; cf. Mark 16:6b; Luke 24:5-7, 22-23). The natural meaning of these accounts is that Jesus’ human body, which had been killed and buried, had come back to life.7 In first-century Jewish culture, to speak of a man dying, being buried, and being raised from the dead, with his body no longer in the tomb, could mean only one thing: that man was now alive.
Luke’s account of Jesus’ appearances to his disciples confirms this understanding. When Jesus joined two disciples as they were walking to Emmaus, “their eyes were kept from recognizing him” (Luke 24:15b-16). Jehovah’s Witnesses claim that the inability of the disciples to recognize Jesus at first shows he was appearing to them in different, temporarily materialized bodies that did not look like his human body. However, Luke’s statement that the disciples’ “eyes were kept from recognizing him” uses a passive verb, a common biblical idiom for referring to God’s actions.8 In short, God prevented the disciples from recognizing Jesus at first, which means they would have recognized him immediately had God not kept them from doing so. Later, when Jesus broke bread and gave it to the two men, “their eyes were opened, and they recognized him” (24:31a).
At this point Jesus “vanished from their sight” (24:31b). The Watchtower argues that Jesus’ ability to appear and disappear suddenly proves the bodies in which he appeared were just temporary.9 In actuality, all Jesus’ disappearance indicates is that a supernatural power was at work in him. The historic Christian view of Jesus’ resurrection is not that he returned to the same mortal, limited physical condition that he had before his death, but that his body was resurrected, made immortal, and glorified with new properties that we do not yet fully understand. The ability to appear or disappear suddenly may be one of those properties, or it may simply be a miracle appropriate to the situation.
When the two men returned to tell the other disciples in Jerusalem what had happened, “Jesus himself stood among them, and said to them, ‘Peace to you!’ But they were startled and frightened and thought they saw a spirit” (Luke 24:36-37). The Watchtower has commented on this statement, “Humans cannot see spirits, so the disciples evidently thought they were seeing an apparition or a vision. (Compare Mark 6:49, 50.)”10 However, Mark 6:49 uses the Greek word phantasma, which denotes an apparition or ghost, whereas Luke uses the Greek word pneuma, in context meaning an immaterial being. We know this is what Luke means because he goes on to report how Jesus responded to their misunderstanding:
And he said to them, “Why are you troubled, and why do doubts arise in your hearts? See my hands and my feet, that it is I myself. Touch me, and see. For a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have.” And when he had said this, he showed them his hands and his feet. (Luke 24:38-40)
Jesus explicitly denied that he was “a spirit,” and he explained that “a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have.” It is hard to imagine a more explicit denial of the claim that Jesus was “resurrected” as a spirit. He then invited the disciples to examine his hands and feet, no doubt to show them the marks left behind by the nails used to crucify him (a point stated explicitly in John 20:19-27). This detail flatly contradicts the Watchtower’s claim that Jesus appeared in temporarily materialized bodies that were not his own body and that did not even look like him. If Jesus did not rise from the dead in the same body that was crucified, appearing in a body that had scars from the nails driven through his hands and feet seems quite deceptive.
Jesus’ Resurrection in the Gospel of John
The Gospel of John’s account of Jesus’ resurrection and appearances emphatically confirms that indeed Jesus rose physically from the grave. Jesus’ body was buried in a tomb, but on the first day of the week the tomb was discovered empty (John 19:38-20:4). Jesus appeared that morning to Mary Magdalene (John 20:11-18) and later that evening to the men disciples, to whom he showed his hands and side where the nails and spear had left marks (20:19-20, cf. 19:34). When Thomas, who was not there at the time, heard about it, he stated that he would not believe unless he also saw the marks in Jesus’ body (20:24-25). A week later, Jesus appeared again, and showed Thomas his hands and side, inviting Thomas to touch the marks (20:26-27). All of these elements, similar again to those we saw in Luke 24, confirm the physical nature of Jesus’ resurrection body, and it requires an unusually creative, forced reading of the passage to conclude otherwise.
Jehovah’s Witnesses do, however, claim to find some evidence in the passage to support their view that Jesus had been resurrected as a spirit rather than as a human being. They point out that Mary Magdalene failed to recognize Jesus at first (John 20:14-16), and that likewise the men disciples on one occasion failed to recognize Jesus at first (John 21:4-7). The Witnesses infer from this fact that Jesus’ body did not look the same as it had before he died. The Witnesses conclude that the body in which he appeared on these occasions was a temporary body materialized for the purpose of communicating with human beings.
These inferences are unwarranted. In both instances where Jesus’ disciples failed to recognize him at first, John carefully tells us factors that can account for their confusion without resorting to the theory that his body looked like someone else. Mary Magdalene was standing outside the tomb in the early morning, probably before full light (John 20:1, 11). She was distraught with grief and crying (John 20:11, 13, 15). When she first saw Jesus, she was not looking directly at him; only when he said her name did she turn to face him directly (John 20:14, 16). Given all the physical and psychological factors, it would have been surprising if she had recognized Jesus immediately! In the other occurrence, the disciples were in a fishing boat at dawn and saw Jesus standing on the shore about a hundred yards away (John 21:4, 8). Again, it is quite understandable that they would not have recognized him at first in such a situation.
Resurrection in Paul’s Writings
The apostle Paul made frequent reference to Jesus’ resurrection in his epistles.11 His most extended treatment of the subject of the resurrection comes in 1 Corinthians 15. Paul begins by making four statements about Christ:
that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures,
that he was buried,
that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures,
and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve (1 Cor. 15:3-5).
The sequence of these four affirmations is both chronological and logical. The mention of Christ’s burial, coming between his death and resurrection, confirms that Jesus really had died and that he really left the tomb alive. Any theory that denies the resurrection of the body that had been laid in the tomb negates Paul’s argument. It was the Dead and Buried One who rose from the dead.
To the Greek mind, however, resurrection was impossible. Given the corrupt nature of the human body and its mortality and weakness, the idea of resurrection seemed not only absurd but undesirable. This perspective on resurrection thus prompted some of the Corinthians to ask skeptical questions: “How are the dead raised? With what kind of body do they come?” (1 Cor. 15:35). Paul focuses on these concerns in his response, stressing the differences between the resurrection state and the mortal state. Jehovah’s Witnesses misunderstand this focus and emphasis as denying that the mortal body will be resurrected.
Paul begins his answers to the Corinthian skeptics by giving them three analogies. The resurrection body is different from the mortal body in ways analogous to the differences between a seed and a full-grown plant, between different kinds of creatures of flesh, and between earthly bodies and heavenly bodies such as the sun, moon, and stars (1 Cor. 15:36-41). He then articulates four contrasts between the resurrection body and the mortal body. Our present body is “sown” with corruption, dishonor, weakness, “a natural body,” but it will be “raised” with incorruption, glory, and power, “a spiritual body” (1 Cor. 15:42b-44a).
Paul’s contrast between the “natural” (psuchikos) and “spiritual” (pneumatikos) body is sometimes misunderstood to be a contrast between human and angelic beings, or physical bodies and what Jehovah’s Witnesses call “spirit bodies.” However, there is a big difference between what Paul means by a “spiritual body” and what Jehovah’s Witnesses mean by a “spirit body.” We get some help understanding Paul’s language here from a passage earlier in the same epistle, in which Paul contrasts the “natural” man with the “spiritual” one (1 Cor. 2:14-15). Both are human beings, and indeed both are living right now, but the “spiritual” person accepts what the Spirit has revealed while the “natural” person does not. Obviously, in this context the “spiritual” person is not an angel or other non-physical being with a “spirit” body or nature. Rather, the “spiritual” person is a human being but one that has been made alive and transformed on the inside by the Spirit. Similarly, Paul uses these same two words in 1 Corinthians 15 to describe the human body in two different conditions, not to contrast human with non-human bodies. The “natural body” is one that is limited by mortality and is corrupt, shameful, and weak; the “spiritual” body is one that is made alive and transformed by the Spirit and is incorruptible, glorious, and powerful.
It is in this context that we should understand verse 45, one of the Watchtower’s proof texts for its doctrine: “And thus it is written, ‘The first man, Adam, became a living soul; the last Adam a life-giving spirit’” (1 Cor. 15:45, literal trans.). The words translated “soul” (psuchē) and “spirit” (pneuma) here are the Greek nouns from which the adjectives “natural” (psuchikos) and “spiritual” (pneumatikos) derive. In this context (unlike that of Luke 24:39) the risen Christ is called a “spirit,” but the meaning here is a man whose life is supernaturally perfected and glorified, fully revealing the divine Spirit. We know this for two reasons in addition to Paul’s usage of “natural” and “spiritual.” First, the risen Christ is called “the last Adam,” meaning the head of redeemed humanity. Second, Paul goes on almost immediately to refer to the risen Christ explicitly as a man: “The first man was from the earth, a man of dust; the second man [anthrōpos] is from heaven” (1 Cor. 15:47). Here “the second man” is another reference to Christ in contrast to Adam, “the first man.” Christ came from heaven (where in his divine nature he was and remained spirit), uniting himself with our mortal human nature, in order to bring the spiritual life and glory of heaven with him into the human race for its redemption and glorification.
Paul then writes:
I tell you this, brothers:
flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God,
nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable (1 Cor. 15:50).
Jehovah’s Witnesses frequently quote the clause “flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God” as if it meant self-evidently that Christ could not have gone to heaven with a physical, human body. Although the Watchtower does occasionally quote the entire verse, it is quite common both in its publications and in Jehovah’s Witness argumentation to find only this clause quoted.12 Even when the last clause of verse 50 is quoted, the Watchtower ignores it. The two parallel clauses (typical of Hebraic parallelism) should be taken together and each line allowed to inform our reading of the other. Paul’s whole statement makes clear that the reason why “flesh and blood cannot inherit God’s kingdom” is that it is perishable or corruptible, not that it is human. “Flesh and blood” here is an idiom, found especially in Jewish literature later than the Old Testament, for human beings in their fallen, mortal, corruptible state (e.g., Sirach 14:18; 17:31; Matt. 16:17; Gal. 1:16). What fallen human beings need is not to cease being human but to become incorruptible and immortal. Paul therefore goes on to write the following:
For this perishable body must put on the imperishable,
and this mortal body must put on immortality (1 Cor. 15:53).
According to Paul, God’s solution to the problem of our bodies being perishable and mortal is not to abandon those bodies to death permanently but to superimpose imperishability and immortality on our mortal bodies. The mortal body will put on immortality. It cannot do that if the mortal body is forever destroyed and not brought back to life. What Paul says God will do for the bodies of believers in the future is the same thing that happened to the human body of Jesus Christ: his mortal body was brought back to life and given incorruptibility and immortality.
The Watchtower’s doctrine about the nature of Jesus’ resurrection is not based on the Gospel narratives. Indeed, those narratives pose serious, sustained problems for their doctrine. Nor is it based on Paul’s extended theological treatment in 1 Corinthians 15, despite the Watchtower’s penchant for taking a few statements from that passage out of context. Instead, it is based on an a priori theological argument, which we showed in a previous article was unbiblical, that Jesus could not have been raised with human life because he gave it up as the ransom sacrifice.
Consistent with the lack of serious attention to the biblical teaching on the subject, one of the Watchtower’s main proof texts is in a passage of the New Testament that is not principally about Jesus’ resurrection. Quite apart from what 1 Peter 3:18 might be saying about Jesus’ resurrection, this verse is part of what many scholars would rank as the most controversial and difficult passage to understand in the New Testament (1 Peter 3:18-4:6). Verse 19 in particular, which refers to Christ making a proclamation to “the spirits in prison,” has been the focus of great debate throughout church history. Here is how verse 18 reads in the ESV:
For Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh but made alive in the spirit (1 Peter 3:18).
It would not be feasible in this article to attempt even to explain all of the major interpretive questions in the passage, let alone to try to answer all of them adequately. Instead, let us ask whether verse 18 clearly teaches what the Watchtower claims. The Society presupposes that Peter’s contrast between flesh and spirit here is referring to two different kinds of beings—physical beings (humans) and non-physical beings (spirits). At best that is a possible interpretation, but it is neither the only plausible interpretation nor the most likely one. Peter did not say that Christ was put to death as a man and made alive as a spirit, a statement that would have unambiguously agreed with the Watchtower’s doctrine.
A clue to Peter’s meaning may be found in the fact that the words translated “in the flesh” (σαρκί) and “in the spirit” (πνεύματι) occur again together later in the same passage:
Now it was for this very purpose that the gospel was preached to those who are now dead, so that though they were judged in the flesh [σαρκί] by human standards they may live spiritually [πνεύματι] by God’s standards (1 Pet. 4:6 NET).
This statement comes at the end of the difficult passage and is itself one of the most hotly debated verses in the Bible. However, most likely Peter is talking about human beings living “spiritually” in this life according to God’s standards, not about living after their death as nonhuman spirits. This interpretation is strongly supported by Peter’s earlier statement that “whoever has suffered in the flesh has ceased from sin, so as to live for the rest of the time in the flesh no longer for human passions but for the will of God” (1 Pet. 4:1b-2). Peter is talking about two kinds of human life: One in which the physical desires and standards of life in the flesh dominate, and another in which spiritual life and divine standards rule.
Now that we can see this is the direction Peter’s thought is going, we can take another look at 1 Peter 3:18. The idea is not that Christ died as a man and was brought to life as a spirit. Rather, the idea is that Christ died in mortal, fleshly weakness and came to life in immortal, spiritual power. He died with our fallen condition and came to life with the restored and glorified condition that we need to live forever with God.
However we answer the various controversial interpretive questions that arise in 1 Peter 3:18-4:6, we ought to interpret what Peter says about Jesus’ resurrection in light of the lengthy passages in the Gospels and in 1 Corinthians 15 in which the theme of resurrection is thoroughly presented. Those passages, as we have seen, make it abundantly clear that Christ’s dead body rose from the grave to immortal, glorified life. The hope that Christians have of eternal life free from all concern about suffering and death rests on the foundation of Christ’s victory over death. To deny that Christ rose from the dead with his human nature (including his body) to immortal life is to deny that Christ conquered death on our behalf. If Christ was re-created as an angelic spirit, he did not conquer death but only did an end-run around it. That is not the hope of the true Christian gospel.
1. Listening to the Great Teacher (Watchtower, 1971), 172. See also “Resurrection,” in Reasoning from the Scriptures (Watchtower, 1989), 334; “The Resurrection of Jesus—Its Meaning for Us,” Watchtower (Nov. 15, 2014): 4.
2. “‘I Have Hope toward God,’” Watchtower (Dec. 2017): 11.
3. “Guide by God’s Spirit in the First Century and Today,” Watchtower (Simplified) (Dec. 15, 2011): 26.
4. “‘Your Deliverance Is Getting Near!’” Watchtower (Simplified) (July 15, 2015): 19.
5. “Flesh,” in Insight on the Scriptures (Watchtower, 1988), 1:841.
6. Robert M. Bowman Jr., “Is Jesus’ death a ‘corresponding ransom’?” Answers to Jehovah’s Witnesses #14 (Cedar Springs, MI: Institute for Religious Research, 2018).
7. On Jesus’ resurrection in the Gospels, see also Kenneth D. Boa and Robert M. Bowman Jr., Sense and Nonsense about Heaven and Hell (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2007), 63-69.
8. Daniel B. Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996), 437-38.
9. “Identifying the Resurrected,” Watchtower (April 15, 1963): 235; “Did Jesus Really Ascend into Heaven?” Watchtower (Sept. 22, 1972): 7.
10. “Resurrection,” in Reasoning, 335.
11. For what follows about Paul’s teaching on Jesus’ resurrection, see Boa and Bowman, Sense and Nonsense about Heaven and Hell, 70-78.
12. E.g., “Ascension,” and “Resurrection,” in Insight on the Scriptures (1988), 1:187; 2:790; “Resurrection,” in Reasoning (1989), 336; “‘Desirable Things’ Are Filling Jehovah’s House,” Watchtower (Jan. 15, 2000): 15; “You Can Live Forever,” Watchtower (Oct. 1, 2006): 6; “‘Your Deliverance Is Getting Near’!” (2015): 14. This is not an exhaustive list of citations.
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Broadway star LaChanze headlines Aug. 20 benefit for new musical theatre incubator, Chicago Theatre Workshop, at new Edge Theatre
Leaving behind a Tony and an Emmy on her New York City mantle, if only for a few days, one of Broadway’s queens is heading to Chicago to lend a hand through her voice and presence to jumpstart an upstart.
Saturday, August 20, Tony and Emmy winner LaChanze (The Color Purple, 2006, and Handel’s Messiah Rocks, 2010, respectively) headlines the inaugural benefit for Chicago Theatre Workshop, an ambitious musical theatre incubator with two Chicago premiere musicals and a world premiere pop opera announced for its maiden season.
Taking a few minutes from her vacation before heading to the Windy City, LaChanze told ChicagolandMusicalTheatre her motivation to accept CTW’s invitation is multi-faceted. “One of the reasons why, when they approached me about doing the benefit, I said yes to doing the project is that this is the birth of a new theatre,” she said. “So the idea about being part of the birth of a theater is exciting to me. I’m a huge supporter of arts in education, and that is their mission. And Chicago is one of my favorite cities.
“I thought this would be a great way to get involved in arts and education and support a new theatre in a community that I love. So it sort of checked off a bunch of boxes for me.”
Indeed, arts education is part of the CTW mission that challenges its participant team to craft “a revolutionary new theatre company dedicated to the creation of work that challenges our perceptions of art and music through workshops, full productions and a landmark digital agreement with Actors Equity,” CTW Artistic Director Tom Mullen said.
“With a hybrid development and production model, CTW will act as an incubator for emerging talent and their work and help provide the resources needed for commercial success. Artists’ work will also reach global audiences through a digital platform where select productions will be made available for streaming.”
Both Saturday’s inaugural benefit (6:30 pm, purchase tickets via CTW’s website here) and CTW’s first season productions will be at the new Edge Theatre, 5451 N. Broadway in Edgewater. New Edge Theatre’s website is here.
Once on This Island
It’s clear from LaChanze her Saturday performance carries both passion and purpose as she sings with CTW’s musical team. “I have a concert…my own show that I tour with, entitled, ‘Feeling Good.’ It’s basically feeling good songs…some original, some from theatre productions that I’ve done and some just of my favorite tunes that sort of tell the story of my journey through song. And these (on Saturday) are selected songs from that show…a snippet of my one-woman show.
“I wanted to select songs that will leave you feeling good. That’s the whole point. I have a friend who once said that when I come to your show, you’re like the Oprah of musical theatre because I always feel good when I leave. It’s a very nice compliment. I told her how much I love it because that’s basically that’s what’s happening in my concerts.
“I want people to come in with whatever they’re feeling, whatever they’re thinking about in their lives, and we all have struggles and situations that bring us or weigh us down. I want people to leave my show lifted up to music and being thoroughly entertained.
“That’s what I want to bring to this inaugural fundraiser. And also because I have the theatre background, I do add an element of theatrics to it, which is always a fun experience. It’s not just hearing great music; you also leave with a message.”
Chicago Theatre Workshop’s braintrust: Chris Tisone, David Kersnar, Bill Morey, Maggie Portman, Don De Grazia, Christopher Pazdernik, Tom Mullen. Photo by Assaf Evron.
The Aug. 20 benefit will also include a sneak peek of CTW’s upcoming season, featuring performances by Chicago actors Nate Lewellyn, Charissa Armon, Jake Bradley, David Gordon Johnson, Elisa Carlson, Taylor Dalton, Felipe Carrasco and 11-year-old Chayce Davis. CTW’s first season will open with the premiere of Wicked City (Oct. 6-30) by the Tony-Award nominated team of Chad Beguelin and Matthew Sklar. The second production is the world premiere of Creatives by Trainspotting scribe Irvine Welsh and American Skin author Don De Grazia (Feb. 10 to March 5, 2017). This acoustic pop opera features music from Simple Minds, Oasis, New Order, Happy Mondays and original music by Laurence Mark Wythe. The season concludes with the regional premiere of Little Miss Sunshine by James Lapine and William Finn (May 11 to June 4, 2017).
Though she names Chicago as a favored city, the Florida-born LaChanze admits there haven’t been enough occasions to visit in recent years. So, what might it take for a Chicagoland producer to lure this Broadway queen to town for an extended stay, other than making sure it’s not during the winter?
“I don’t really know,” she said, laughing. “They would have to pique my interest and offer it. But if there’s something they would like to see me in, I’d pack up my bags and come to Chicago, sure. I love it there!”
And so LaChanze will be entertaining offers at the Edge Theatre on Aug. 20, right after entertaining patrons with her 6:30 pm inaugural benefit concert for Chicago Theatre Workshop. Interested producers, artistic directors and patrons of musical theatre in Chicagoland may purchase tickets here.
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Helicopter crash in Vauxhall, London - two confirmed dead (VIDEO)
• Two dead and 11 injured as helicopter crashes
• Helicopter crashed at 8am, peak of rush-hour
• Eyewitness reports: 'it was like an earthquake'
• Helicopter was travelling from Redhill to Elstree
• Vauxhall Bridge, railway station and bus station all closed
12.06 The London Ambulance Service has released an update: it has treated six patients - five for minor injuries and one for a broken leg. Four of the patients were taken to St Thomas' Hospital and two - a man and a woman - were taken to King's College Hospital. Seven patients were treated on scene.
12.03 Prime Minister's Questions has just begun in the House of Commons, and David Cameron has thanked the emergency services for their "rapid and professional response" over the helicopter crash this morning.
11.57 The helicopter pilot had been travelling from Redhill, Surrey, to Elstree in Hertfordshire, the location of film studios, where ITV's Dancing on Ice, Who Wants to be a Millionaire? and Big Brother is filmed.
The Daily Telegraph can disclose that the nearby MI6 office went into lock down when the helicopter first crashed and exploded amid fears Britain’s intelligence service may have been at risk.
Contingency plans kicked in as soon as the incident happened, it is understood, but it became clear very quickly that it was a tragic accident.
11.55 Jose Gomes was cycling to work when he saw debris from the helicopter crash into the road a few yards ahead of him, setting light to a car. He shot this footage on his mobile phone:
11.51 The pilot of the helicopter which crashed in central London had requested to divert and land at London Heliport at Battersea due to bad weather, a spokesman for the owners of the heliport says.
11.45 Local MP Kate Hoey says she learned of the accident in a phone call from the police, who said they initially feared it couldve been their own helicopter - but they realised that it wasnt flying because of the bad weather.
She expressed concerns that there could be too many helicopters flying in central London now and that "maybe people have just become a little complacent", but that this was an issue for "another day".
"Maybe we've come to take it almost for granted that people have the right to take their helicopter over London any time they want. The regulations are very clear about helicopters not flying less than 500ft away from structures and so on." She opposed the building of the tower which the helicopter hit.
11.41 The image below shows construction workers and firefighters surveying the damage at the top of St Georges Wharf Tower in Vauxhall, next to the damaged crane which was hit by the helicopter.
11.37 Eyewitness and mother-of-five Sharon Moore, who lives on the nearby Wyvil Estate, says she saw the aircraft slice through the crane "as if it was a piece of paper". Ms Moore, 36, who was with her nine-year-old daughter Tiah, described hearing four bangs and watching two cars explode:
My daughter was so traumatised, it was so shocking. It sounded like a massive explosion, like something whining in the sky and then it just went bang
You couldn't see a lot at first because of the fog. The helicopter did not seem to know which way to turn and then it just dropped, it sliced, screeching into the metal. It sliced it as if it was a piece of paper. It just ripped apart.
I called the police and they got there in seconds. We could then see them trying to pull people out of the cars. We saw someone pulled out and they were covered.
We saw the helicopter falling out of the sky, loads of smoke as it landed. It went bang. Another car went bang. There was lots of smoke and debris.
11.28 Prime Minister David Cameron was "very saddened to learn of the fatalities and injuries" in today's helicopter crash, his spokesman says.
11.24 More information now from our chief reporter, Gordon Rayner:
A spokesman for Castle Air told the Telegraph: "We are not in a position to make any comment but we will be releasing a statement later."
11.17 The Metropolitan Police are giving a press conference at the site now. Borough Commander Neil Basu confirms that the helicopter pilot was killed, and there was one other fatality. The helicopter was a commercial scheduled flight from Surrey, he says - it may have been diverted because of the weather.
The police say it was a member of the public who made the first emergency call, at around 8am. A fire service spokesman added that the crane is in a "perilous position", but that there's no reason for the public to be concerned about any hazardous materials in the air from the crash.
Despite an earlier tweet from the police which claimed there were 11 injured, the spokesman now says nine people were hurt - five for minor injuries, who were then hospitalised, and a further four who were treated on scene.
11.14 This video shows the aftermath of the crash:
11.12 An eyewitness describes the scene at Vauxhall:
11.08 We have a video now of the RNLI searching the Thames after the helicopter crash.
11.05 Our reporter John-Paul Ford Rojas is at Battersea Heliport, where he says there's not much activity - it's shut for the rest of the day and the office is closed for a staff debrief.
10.56 The Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe, says the accident was a "shock". At the moment it's believed that there are 11 injured, but because people are travelling to different hospitals it's hard to be definitive. The police believe that the helicopter was diverting to Battersea Heliport, rather than travelling there.
10.51 The picture below is taken from the British Helicopter Association's 2009/2010 handbook showing the specifications of the model of helicopter involved in the crash.
10.44 The Met has updated the figures on those killed and injured:
10.41 Aviation expert Chris Yates - previously aviation security editor at Jane's - said that the aircraft had a "very good safety record".
It may well be that the pilot was suddenly incapacitated for some reason. We simply don't know at the moment, and these are questions for the Air Accidents Investigation Branch.
Helicopter routes are clearly defined through London airspace for all of the obvious reasons, not least of which are the high-rise buildings.
The question must be whether the visibility was so poor this morning that the navigation lights were... not visible to the pilot. They're there for an express purpose, and that is to warn an aircraft in flight of an obstruction that may be in their path.
10.34 Witness Angela Henderson is speaking to BBC News:
As I looked at the crane and the building I heard a massive noise. I saw the crane kind of shudder. What I saw was a huge cylindrical object, which looked like a bomb, plummeting to the ground. Then we heard the massive bang as it hit the ground.
It sounds a bit gory, but I wanted to know what happened, so I rushed down the stairs into the street. The plume of grey smoke was getting bigger by that point. I could see fires and I could see a lot of vehicles.
10.31 We have an interactive map now of the crash scene, showing pictures from Instagram and Twitter users.
10.25 A fire service spokesman has spoken to BBC News: He says all fires are now out, and there are not believed to be any more victims in the area yet to be found. Hazardous materials specialists are on site and working to make sure that the aviation fuel that fell into the Wandsworth Road does not make its way into the sewer system.
10.21 Guido Fawkes is reporting that helicopter pilots were given a NOTAM (Notice to Airmen) warning about the crane on January 7. These are sent out to highlight potentially dangerous areas.
10.16 There are now reports that the number of injured has risen to nine. One of those injured is critically ill. Only two of the injured have been taken to hospital.
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ASA DUBLIN MISSION STATEMENT:
ASA-Dublin Logo
To serve as a common social umbrella and a united front for constructive unity, solidarity, social interaction, networking, progress, and the healthy promotion of the Anambra/Igbo cultural heritage, identity and traditions among and between ourselves, and with all other associations, organizations, and entities of Anambra State indigenes in the Republic of Ireland in general and Dublin and its environs in particular.
To promote and foster, love, peace, unity, togetherness, cooperation, understanding, justice and fair-play between and among all Anambra people living in Dublin and its environs and in Nigeria or elsewhere in the world, and to do the same in regard to the promotion, pursuit and practice of transparency, accountability, good public policy and governance in public affairs especially in Nigeria.
To encourage and support justice, good public policies, genuine democracy, and honest, transparent and non-corrupt governance at every level of society in Anambra State; and politically, socially, culturally, economically, and otherwise, to ensure that the Anambra State children and people are educated and encouraged to take their rightful places in society.
In cooperation with other Anambra indigenes nation-wide, to seek, research, study and analyze objectively the major intellectual, political, economic and social issues of public interest for Anambra State, and to present, publish, and disseminate a complete non-partisan analysis of same to the people of Anambra State.
Along with other Anambra organizations in the Republic of Ireland., to actively seek, promote and encourage international cooperation as well as the interest of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in the economic, technological, educational, healthcare and social development and prosperity of Anambra State through patronage, international investments, collaborations as well as humanitarian and charitable programs in order to ameliorate the sufferings of our people.
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Social Doctrine: a guide for Catholics in today's globalized world
The Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church shows that faith is a social reality, not only an inward one. It calls for efforts by Christians on life, family, economy, ecumenism. Clarifications on preventive wars and the death penalty.
Vatican City (AsiaNews) -- An instrument "for the moral and pastoral discernment of the complex events that mark our time; a guide to inspire, at the individual and community levels, attitudes and choices that will permit all people to look to the future with greater trust and hope; an aid for the faithful concerning the Church's teaching in the area of social morality". Such is the Compendium of Social Doctrine of the Catholic Church in the words of Cardinal Renato Martino, President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, who presented the publication this morning.
The volume consists in an introduction and three parts: the first, made up of 4 chapters, deals with the fundamental presuppositions of social doctrine -- God's plan of love for humanity and society, the Church's mission and the nature of social doctrine, the human person and human rights, and the principles and values of social doctrine; The second part, made up of seven chapters, deals with the contents and classical themes of social doctrine -- the family, human work, economic life, the political community, the international community, the environment and peace. The third part contains a series of recommendations for the use of social doctrine in the pastoral activity of the Church and in the life of Christians, above all the lay faithful. The Conclusion, entitled "For a Civilization of Love", is an expression of the underlying purpose of the entire document, which is made up of 320 pages of content, 25 pages of endnotes, a 156-page index and a 13-page table of contents.
As indicated by the Cardinal, the purpose of the Compendium is to promote "new strategies suited to the demands of our time and in keeping with human needs and resources. But above all there can arise the motivation to rediscover the vocation proper to the different charisms within the Church that are destined to the evangelization of the social order". This purpose highlights a view that rejects the idea of religion as a private and inward reality, devoid of any social relevance. From this stems the reaction against the attempt of "intolerant laicism" to "confine the Church within its walls". "The ever present accusations of political interference every time the Church raises her voice to ensure the rights of the weakest and most defenceless are guaranteed also by the laws of the state; outcasting in other cases of those who openly profess, without being fundamentalist or extremist, Christian principles: such occurrences are in plain sight every day".
If the Compendium, by its very nature, examines the full range of human activity that falls under the possible provisions of social doctrine, the attention afforded to questions regarding the family seems to be a sign of the times, a "social question" typical of our day and age. Thus, it starts from the defence of marriage, distinctly rejects the juridical recognition of homosexual unions. "If, from the legal point of view, marriage between two people of different sex were to be considered just one of the possible forms of marriage, the concept of marriage itself would undergo a radical change, to the serious detriment of the common good. By placing homosexual unions on the same juridical level as that of marriage or the family, the state acts arbitrarily and contradicts its own duties". Therefore, it is expected not only that the state duly defends the family, but there is also the principle that the family is to be promoted, recognizing its right to be established, lived and recognized for its role as an educational community. It must also be guaranteed decent livelihood, recognizing and thus defending, its economic role also.
The Compendium also has a large part dedicated to the economy, which begins however with the statement that "wealth exists to be shared" and that "even if the proper function of profit must be recognized", "any form of undue accumulation is immoral, as this is in open contrast with the universal destination assigned by God the Creator to all creation". Enterprises must therefore "be characterized by the ability to serve the common good of society", without forgetting "authentic values that allow for the real development of the person and of society". The Compendium then recognizes the "fundamental role played by labour unions" (but class struggle is "unacceptable") and underscores solidarity between workers in the global era, in which "the historical forms in which human work is expressed are changing, but its permanent needs must not change: these can be summarized in the respect for the inalienable rights of the worker"' both in developed countries, and in those of the Third World.
The Compendium then gives no quarter to terrorism which "is to be absolutely condemned. It shows a total contempt for human life and no purpose can justify it, in that man is always an end, never a means". This is especially true of the kind of terrorism that invokes divine justification: "It is a profanation and a blasphemy to proclaim oneself a terrorist in the name of God". For this reason, according to Christian doctrine, "to define as martyr those who die committing terrorist acts is to completely distort the concept of martyrdom, which is the witness of those who let themselves be killed rather than renounce their faith in God and in His love and not those who kill in the name of God".
Finally, the Compendium backs those who take action against the death penalty. Though not explicitly rejecting it, in line with the Catechism, the Compendium confirms its uselessness. The text also confirms the censure against "preventive war", which can be envisaged only in the case of the evident risk of being attacked and, in any case, only with "international legitimization".
Cardinal Martino also stressed that the Church proposes the volume as an instrument to nourish ecumenical and interreligious dialogue of Catholics with all those who sincerely want the good of mankind. It is stated, in fact, in point no. 12, that this document "is proposed also to the brethren of other Churches and Ecclesial Communities, to the followers of other religions, as well as to all people of good will who are committed to serving the common good". "Social doctrine, indeed, is intended for a universal audience, in addition to those to whom it is primarily and specifically addressed, the sons and daughters of the Church. The light of the Gospel, which social doctrine brings to shine on society, illuminates every person; every conscience and every intellect is able to grasp the human depths of meaning and values expressed in this doctrine, as well as the outpouring of humanity and humanization contained in its norms for action." (FP)
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Yemen, Sunni militias and Saudi raids against Houthi rebels, dozens of dead and wounded
Shiite militias have lost control of some strategic military sites in the south. Dozens dead and at least 70 wounded in the battle. Coalition air raids on the capital continue. Tehran complains to Riyadh over an attack that hit the embassy in Sanaa. Prospects of peace and dialogue increasingly remote.
Sanaa (AsiaNews / Agencies) - The Sunni militias in Yemen, supported by Arab coalition air raids of led by Riyadh, have inflicted a heavy defeat on the Shiite Houthi rebels, resting control of some strategic military sites from them in the southern city of Dhale . Currently the toll of dead and wounded in the battle is not clear. According to some sources, dozens of rebels have been killed and a further 70 injured in the clashes.
Meanwhile, the coalition air strikes continued for the whole day yesterday hit ting the capital Sanaa and other parts of the country. Local sources said that a house belonging to Ahmed Saleh, son of former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, has been destroyed. The former head of state, along with Iran, is one of the main supporters of Houthi rebels.
Yesterday’s bombing of the Yemeni capital has provoked the reaction of Iran. The Foreign Ministry convoked the diplomatic representative of Saudi Arabia in Tehran; according to the Iranian government the explosions targeted area close to its embassy to Yemen.
The UN says so far at least 1500 people - 828 of them civilians - have been killed by the Arab coalition war, which is destroying many artistic sites of the ancient capital, considered a Unesco world heritage site.
The international body has long denounced the high number of civilian casualties, as well as the humanitarian disaster - lack of food, water, medicine, fuel - caused by air and sea blockade imposed by the coalition.
Meanwhile, the prospects for peace in Yemen are becoming more bleak, with the intensification of shelling and fighting in different areas of the country. Yemeni sources, confirmed by the United Nations, report that the peace conference scheduled for May 28 has been postponed until a later date.
From his exile in Saudi Arabia President Abdu Rabu Mansour Hadi is calling for parties to respect the UN resolution and for the withdrawal of Houthi rebels from all territories before engaging in any peace negotiations.
In contrast, the UN secretary general Ban Ki-moon has called on the parties to enter into dialogue without any pre-conditions.
26/05/2015 00:00:00 - Middle East Iran Saudi Arabia Yemen
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Energy & Waste Management
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Industrial ComplianceNews
Survey reveals 71 per cent of UK workers feel unsafe in buildings
Published: 13 January 2021 - Victoria White
Honeywell today released the results of a comprehensive study on workers’ perceptions and feelings on the health and safety of their workplace. Conducted by Wakefield Research, the study surveyed 500 workers that typically work in buildings with 500 or more employees across the United Kingdom and was part of a global study of 2,000 workers in a total of four markets.
The findings show that a staggering majority of the UK workforce (71%) does not feel completely safe working in their employer’s buildings. This number is even higher for remote workers (78%), who are especially sceptical about the safety of work sites. In fact, almost a quarter of remote workers globally (23%) would look for a new job rather than return to a site that did not implement necessary safety measures, (22% in the UK). Furthermore, only 35% of workers in the UK have received safety training from building management, compared to 41% globally.
“Workers are keenly attuned to the steps employers are taking to make their workspaces safer and healthier, especially when it comes to air quality and adherence to safety guidelines, which wasn’t previously a concern for some people,” said Vimal Kapur, president and chief executive officer of Honeywell Building Technologies. “Air quality, for example, is not something that will be dismissed once we’re on the other side of this pandemic. It will be essential to the occupant experience, and good air quality will help make workers feel more comfortable as they return back to their offices.”
The surveyed workers in the UK are equally concerned about COVID-19 transmission through the air (49%) and through contact with a surface (51%). Their level of concern for surface transfer is significantly higher than that of workers globally (44%). In terms of what poses a bigger threat to their safety, 62% point to co-workers not following safety guidelines and 38% note outdated ventilation systems.
Over half (62%) of surveyed UK workers believe that building management is more likely to make short-term changes in response to COVID-19 rather than make long-term investments in building systems needed to keep them safe. Surveyed workers are most worried that building management will not consistently enforce health and safety guidelines (43%), followed by worry that they won’t consistently invest in new technology to make working in-person safer (28%).
“Many facilities have made changes to their procedures but have not invested in the building itself – and their occupants have noticed,” Kapur said. “Workers are going to demand more from buildings in the future, and we’re even seeing with these survey results that creating a healthier and safer environment will be a differentiator for staff retention and recruiting, and it may also impact long-term real estate value.”
To return to work and feel safer, UK surveyed workers view health safety protocols such as social distancing or mandatory masks as most critical (51%), yet only 55% of those working on-site have seen such updates happen. Other top health and safety measures that surveyed workers want include protocols such as temperature checks (45%), enhanced cleaning procedures (41%), touchless door entries (33%), updated air quality systems (28%) and technology for contact tracing (23%).
Honeywell's Healthy Buildings solutions help building owners improve their building environments, operate more cleanly and safely, comply with social distancing policies, and help reassure occupant safety. By integrating air quality, safety and security technologies along with advanced analytics, Honeywell’s Healthy Buildings solutions are designed to help reduce potential risks of contamination and improve business continuity by monitoring both the building environment and building occupants’ behaviours.
Source: Industrial Compliance
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Pakistan, the Battleground of History?
By Soroor Ahmed
That Pakistan is in turmoil does not make a big news now as it has often been so in history. The region, which forms the present-day Pakistan, especially its northern half, has always worked as the battlefield for all the invading forces on way to Delhi. Sometimes in the history the conquering army had to retreat after stiff resistance, especially west of river Indus. The marauding Moghuls right from the 13th century to 15th century dreamt of reaching Delhi, but they failed. Only Taimur, though not a pure Mongol, succeeded in capturing Delhi in 1398. But then he returned to his country after pillaging and looting. Possibly he had too big an empire to handle. Taimur has the rarest distinction in the history: the only emperor who had captured both Moscow and Delhi. His empire spread from the western China in the east to Ankara in Turkey and Damascus in Syria in the west––with Samarkand as its capital. And it is this region which is passing through a tumultuous phase now.
After Taimuir it was Babur who managed to overcome the battlefield of western India, that is Punjab, to reach Delhi. He was a different man. He wanted to settle and establish empire rather than go back, though he was also from Samarkand. After him conquerors like Nadir Shah in 1739 from Persia and Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1761 from Afghanistan came all the way down to India’s capital. They too were not interested in establishing empires.
Post-1761 the Indian sub-continent did not face any invasion from the Khyber Pass. In fact effort was made to reverse history––conquer Afghanistan from the east. The British tried more than once, but succeeded only partially and had to pay a huge price for this misadventure.
However, in 1979 the then Soviet Union tried to rewrite history. It sent over one lakh army to capture Afghanistan and put a figurehead, Babrak Karmal, as the ruler. Russians were not much interested in Afghanistan, nor were they––unlike the other invading armies of the past––looking towards Delhi. In contrast they were eyeing Baluchistan with the aim to utilize its ports––Gwadar and Makran. These ports, along with Karachi, are now being used by Chinese as transit points for trade with the Middle East and Africa.
The Russian action alarmed Pakistan and it started helping the Afghan Mujahideen against the invading army. After the loss of about 13 lakh Afghans and thousands of Russian soldiers the latter had to withdraw. Initially the United States––bitten in Vietnam as late as 1975––was shying away from supporting any such Afghan groups. However, when they observed that the Mujahideen are putting up a brave front the US did supply some arms to them but that was at much later stage. In fact volunteers from38 Muslim countries converged to the border of Pakistan to fight the war against the Russians in Afghanistan.
The rout of the then Soviet Union and its subsequent dismemberment gave the United States an opportunity to boast that in fact all this was possible because of it. The truth is that the United States had little to do with the whole operation in Afghanistan and not a single US soldier died in defeating the Russians. The US did not want to give credit to any one else for the defeat of Communist empire. So all those books and articles claiming US involvement in Afghan Jehad are sheer exaggeration and distortion of history. Most of these writers are paid to write such absurd pieces as it would show the US in a good light.
The West saw the reversal of history in the defeat of Russians. Seldom had the invading forces from north of river Oxus––border between Afghanistan and the then Soviet Union and now Central Asian Republics––been beaten back. without reaching the western part of the Indian sub-continent. And seldom in the history had any part of the sub-contnent managed to control Kabul. Even the British India failed in this objective though it tried four times.
This reversal of fortune was too much for the West. But the lack of poor political sense and myopic policy of those who matter in Afghanistan and Pakistan in the latter years once again changed the course of the battle-game.
Since Islam was used as a rallying point to beat back the godless Communist Russia in 1980s the new emerging powers of the West tried to use the same slogan to fish in the trouble waters of the land of five rivers––Punj-ab––of Pakistan. This notwithstanding the fact that those indulging in these acts have nothing to do with Islam. In between several side-shows also went on which too contributed to create mess in the region.
Now an impression is being created that those indulging in terror attacks in Pakistan are planning to turn their heat towards India. An exaggerated fear is being whipped up among the common masses and ruling elite by the media.
What appears tragic is that the whole situation has been given a new twist. If India is kept in the grip of fear it would be in the interest of the same western powers. Their arms sale would boost and India would go further deep into their camp. And this is happening. With Afghanistan destroyed and Pakistan thrown in turmoil it is natural for India to look for help. This development would certain limit the space for China to manouvre.
As per plan things are going on well for the western powers. While the invaders of the past always had an eye on Delhi and further east and south, the Russians in 1979 wanted to reach the warm water of Indian Ocean so that they could control the Middle East Oil Theatre. They did not want to disturb friendly India and look beyond Baluchistan in Pakistan.
In contrast the present occupants of the land west to Khyber Pass never want to conquer the sub-continent physically. They only want to extract maximum economic gain by keeping the pot boiling. The upheaval in Pakistan is certainly the direct fall out of their action. And they are pleased to see that India too is, of late, not free from trouble. The challenge posed by the Maoists may have nothing to do with them, but then they may end up being beneficiary. After all weak governments in the region is always in the interest of this distant masters of the region.
Call it an accident of history or a well-planned design, the truth is that perhaps never in 62 years of history both Pakistan and India have faced identical challenges from the armed groups.
(Soroor Ahmed could be contacted at soroorahmed@yahoo.com)
Labels: Dalit Muslims, Soroor Ahmed
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France aims to restore dark skies, turning night into night
By Robert Myles Sep 10, 2014 in Environment
Paris - As this year’s autumnal equinox approaches, hundreds of towns and cities across France will switch off their lights in an event designed to show off the night skies, free of light pollution.
French population centres large and small are participating in La Jour de la Nuit — The Day of the Night — organized by environmental campaigning group Agir pour l’Environnement. The event is scheduled for the night of Saturday, September 20, the weekend closest to 2014’s autumnal equinox falling on September 23. At the equinox, the Sun shines directly overhead on the Equator. In both the northern and southern hemispheres, the days and nights are of equal length. In the northern hemisphere the autumnal equinox marks the start of autumn, while on the other side of the Equator, spring officially gets underway.
In 2013, over 400 events were organized in France to mark La Jour de la Nuit. For 2014, these numbers are expected to increase with growing public awareness of the impact of light pollution.
Light pollution not only dilutes the numbers of stars to be observed in night skies but also affects the rhythm of nature, destabilizing ecosystems and impacting on species like deer, bats and moths that prefer the more discreet light of dusk.
France, with almost 9 million bright spots, is also guilty of engaging in a colossal waste of energy, according to Agir pour l’Environnement. But, extrapolating that worldwide, night-time energy use is a major contributory factor to global warming and the latter's impact on the environment.
Agir pour l’Environnement refers to a study from Australia’s University of New South Wales that found global average night-time temperatures showed an average increase of 3°C over the last 60 years. That appeared to indicate nights were more affected by climate change than daytime with knock-on effects for night-time biodiversity. Scientists observed a correlation between warmer nights and alterations in the biological cycles of plants and both warm-blooded animals and cold-blooded animals. Warm-blooded animals became more active while their cold-blooded cousins suffered enhanced levels of sleep disturbance.
According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), lighting accounts for 15 percent of global electricity consumption and 5 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. UNEP’s “en.lighten” initiative aims to encourage nations to introduce concrete measures to move to more efficient lighting, with an ambitious target date of end-2016 set for phasing out all inefficient lighting.
If such measures aren’t put in place, says UNEP, overall energy consumption for lighting alone would grow by between 60 and 70 percent by 2030, with massive consequences for climate change.
France has already taken some steps to reduce light pollution and, with it, energy consumption. In July 2013, legislation came into force restricting the hours during which owners of non-residential buildings could use interior lighting or illuminate their shop windows and storefronts.
In addition, villages and communes in France are actively encouraged to reduce light pollution under the Villes et Villages Etoilés (Starlit Towns and Villages) scheme. Similar to France’s long-established Villes et Villages Fleuris (France in Bloom) scheme for floral displays, towns and villages earn stars for reducing light pollution and restoring starlit dark skies.
But much more requires to be done, say Agir pour l’Environnement whose figures point to the number of “bright spots” in France having increased by 30 percent during the past decade such that they now number 8.7 million points of light needlessly illuminating the heavens.
More about La Jour de La Nuit, France day of the night, environmental campaigns, dark skies, light pollution
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Irish Film and Television Network
» Completion
LEGAL SERVICES COMPLETION GUARANTORS
COMPLETION GUARANTEES
The Runway, Irish feature film (2011)
Completion guarantors merely guarantee the delivery of certain physical items to a particular distributor who has promised to make a payment to the producer if those items are delivered. A completion guarantee does not guarantee to pay overcosts in respect of production of films as long as the relevant items are delivered which require the distributor unconditionally to pay the amount which was agreed to be paid.
What Does a Producer have to do
To obtain a completion guarantee the producer needs to submit the script, the budget, the production schedule and the financing plan of the film for approval to the prospective completion guarantor. These are checked rigorously and often amended in the light of their requirements. The completion guarantor will insist on adequate contingency provisions in the budget.
Completion Guarantee Security Agreement
A completion guarantor normally requires a producer to enter into a completion guarantee security agreement with it. This entitles the completion guarantor to take over the film if certain events of default occur by the producer, mainly related to whether the film is either going over budget or not keeping to its schedule or both. In this regard, the completion guarantor becomes like a receiver appointed over the assets of a company and the role of the receiver is to do the minimum to complete and deliver the film in accordance with what was promised to the distributor who is going to pay the delivery payment to the bank which lent money to the producer in the first place.
The Fee
Once the producer has entered into the completion guarantee security agreement and the completion guarantor is satisfied that the strike price for the film is available it will issue a completion guarantee to whichever banks and other investors have required its issue. The strike price of the film is the amount which the completion guarantor believes will be needed in order to complete and deliver the film. It is not necessarily the total cost of the film as provided for in the budget and the producer has an interest in making sure that the strike price is kept to a minimum because the completion guarantors fee (approximately 4.5% of the strike price with a rebate of 1.5% if no claim is made after the film has been delivered) is calculated on the figure.
The Strike Price
For the completion guarantee to be effective, the amount of the strike price must be available from the financiers to the producer. This is often addressed in a mutual funding agreement where there are a multiplicity of financiers and each of them wants the unfettered commitment of all the others to fund the strike price so that the guarantee is effective. Payments which are contingent upon delivery of the film cannot be included in the strike price and very often producers are compelled to defer certain of their fees pending delivery of the film in order to ensure there is sufficient finance in place to meet the strike price. The payments which come in on delivery are then used to pay their fees but at that stage the completion guarantor is no longer at risk.
Cut Through Letter
Financiers, particularly banks, often want to be sure that the completion guarantor has the resources behind them to cover costs if the guarantee is called and seek a cut through letter to their reinsurers with whom most completion guarantors will reinsure their risks.
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Shows & Training
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"That Mr. Darcy is such a good guy!": Q&A with Pride & Prejudice director, Nicola Prigge!
The first show in our 2018/19 Back to Classics season is one of the most beloved stories of all time: Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. Playing November 9–17 at the Abby Arts Centre, this witty and charming adaptation of the classic novel will be a perfect night out for families or a that special someone.
To learn more about the production, we asked director Nicola Prigge to give us some insight into the show!
Tell us about your first encounter with Jane Austen. Have you read her novels? Is this your first time working on a Jane Austen play?
This is my first time working with Jane Austen on stage. I feel privileged to have the opportunity to do so.
Watching the 1995 BBC version of Pride and Prejudice with my parents was a Christmas tradition of ours. I have fond memories of my dad leaning back in his chair as the credits rolled with a very satisfied look on his face. "That Mr. Darcy is such a good guy!" he would say. It was a bonding experience for us because Pride and Prejudice is not only a romantic comedy but also a story about family, with a special emphasis on the father-daughter relationship between Lizzie and Mr. Bennet. I have read the book but have to admit to being heavily influenced by the movies due to this Christmas tradition of ours.
BBC Pride & Prejudice 1995
Why do you think this story is so beloved? What is it about Pride & Prejudice that keeps people coming back time and time again?
To my knowledge, after Shakespeare's "Taming of the Shrew," Austen was the first to explore the plot line of two people who can't stand each other at first but eventually end up falling in love. I think this story line is appealing because as we love to see people changing and growing. This is secretly something we all long for: to be able to change for the better. We love seeing people undergoing a massive change of perspective because it inspires us.
Jane Austen also creates such memorable and distinct characters: Mr. Collins, Mrs. Bennet, Mary Bennet...people we don't mind experiencing over and over because they are so unique, and often, so funny.
Lastly, Austen has a timelessness to her work that cuts through the formal language, manners, and dress of the time to reach us today. I am often pleased to encounter questions that are familiar to me in 2018, even though she writes from such a distant time and culture. For example, her work helps me to question the role of women in society, marriage and family dynamics, and gives me the opportunity to laugh at the process of "finding a mate."
Tell us a little bit about the cast. Have we found the perfect Elizabeth and Darcy?
We have a very talented and passionate cast of 17 people involved in the show. Shannon Tauber and Adriel Brandt will be playing Elizabeth and Darcy. Both are experienced, talented, and have great chemistry on stage. I am so looking forward to exploring the journey of these two characters as their hearts open to each other.
I am also looking forward to exploring the many dynamics of the Bennet family, played by an array of talented actors. We already have had some great laughs and discoveries in rehearsal.
Nicola Prigge
Tell us a little bit about yourself. Have Gallery 7 audiences seen you onstage before?
I have a bachelors degree in Theatre from Trinity Western University and currently live in Fort Langley. I direct for a nearby children's theatre troupe (Cast and Crew Youth Theatre Society) and also create visual art out of driftwood.
You may have seen me on stage recently as Sister James in Gallery 7's Production of Doubt: A Parable. I also recently directed The Hunchback of Notre Dame: The Musical for Theatre in the Country in Langley. I am passionate about storytelling, teamwork, and the healing power of art. I am thrilled to be working with G7 Theatre again!
Are there any specific scenes or moments that you're looking forward to in the show?
There are so many to choose from, so I will only mention a few. I am looking forward to both ball scenes. We have a choreographer on our team who is working hard to create some lovely Regency era dances for us, as well as a sound designer to find the music for each dance.
I am looking forward to Mr. Collins' proposal to Elizabeth, as well as both of Darcy's proposals. I am looking forward to experiencing the lovable chaos of the Bennet family, including live piano music from the talented Meghan Franklin as Mary Bennet.
What can people expect when the lights go down?
Overall, we are emphasizing simplicity in design in order to enhance efficiency and create a sense of uncomplicated beauty. Jeff Kiers has designed a fluid, flexible and airy set for us, including a raised dance floor, numerous windows and arches that will fly in, a piano permanently on stage, and simple furniture that can be used in all scenes.
Audiences can expect to hear an array of beautiful Regency era music, often played live on piano. Costumes by Dani DeJong will match the uncluttered beauty of the set. Tasteful choreography by Samara Judd will enhance the plot and characters' journeys.
Pride and Prejudice is coming November 9 to Abbotsford—get your tickets now!
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© 2017/2018 Gallery 7 Theatre & Performing Arts Society
P.O. Box 825 Abbotsford, B.C. V2T 7A2
Info@Gallery7Theatre.com
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No requalifying for S. Korean athletes for postponed Tokyo Games: Olympic committee
Published : Mar 25, 2020 - 15:38 Updated : Mar 25, 2020 - 15:38
South Korean athletes who've already qualified for the Tokyo Summer Games won't have to do so again, even though the competition has been postponed, their national Olympic committee said Wednesday.
The Korean Sport & Olympic Committee (KSOC) said International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach assured leaders of national Olympic bodies last week that athletes would not be required to requalify even if the Olympics were rescheduled.
Faced with the global coronavirus pandemic, the IOC and Tokyo's organizers agreed on Tuesday to move the Olympics to beyond 2020 but no later than summer of 2021.
The status of athletes and teams that have already secured their Olympic places was among the many questions that weren't immediately answered. By the IOC's estimate, 57 percent of athletes have qualified.
The remaining 43 percent includes athletes in judo, wrestling, fencing, badminton, swimming and athletics, among others. Their qualifying events have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The KSOC said South Korea had secured 157 places for the Olympics as of March 10, with hopes of winning up to 60 more. The 157 includes 24 for baseball, 18 for men's football and 12 for women's volleyball -- sports where athletes who helped the country qualify for the Olympics won't necessarily compete in the Olympics.
The IOC will be working with international federations of Olympic sports to determine new qualifying procedures. (Yonhap)
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Posts Tagged Trinity Blood
Manga Minis: Captain Ken Reaches Kickstarter Goal, More Tsubasa from CLAMP, Rescuse from Viz, and CNN Doesn’t Get It
By Lissa Pattillo on Friday, June 20, 2014
CNN released a video report about manga and anime this week, in response to a recent bill being passed in Japan that bans child pornography. To little surprise, but plenty of outrage, CNN’s take on the subject was a pretty big over-simplification and make sweeping generalizations about entire mediums of entertainment. Fun!
I find the whole thing exhausting, as I generally do with these painful outsiders-looking-in reports that are just looking for a dramatic angle. It’s some relief knowing this sort of stuff always just blows over and away, but for those curious the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund did a good overview.
Digital Manga’s Kickstarter for Captain Ken reached its goal of $13000 this past Wednesday. The fundraising campaign still has twelve days to go, with additional pledges going towards its stretch goals for bonus material. The book is scheduled for release to backers in February 2015, with remaining volumes out to the public in March.
Viz Media announced two more ‘license rescues’ from Tokyopop’s expired library – Fate/Stay Night and Trinity Blood. Both titles are currently being released in digital editions under their Viz Select imprint. The books are available to read onViz’s website, or by downloading via their mobile apps.
Fate/Stay Night was never entirely finished by Tokyopop, though presumably we will see the end of the manga released by Viz. A new anime based on the original game of the same name is scheduled to start this Fall. Viz Media currently has the first three volumes available.
Trinity Blood was also an originally incomplete series. It had twelve of its currently seventeen (and on-going) volumes released by Tokyopop. Digital volumes will be made available on June 24th starting with volume one.
The manga-making team CLAMP announced that they’re creating a new Reservoir Chronicles Tsubasa series. The title will begin in Japan this summer and will connect to the already running, XXXHolic Rei. Each title acts as a semi-sequel to their original parent series, Reservoir Chronicle Tsubasa and XXXHolic. It’s CLAMP, so it’s complicated. Both originals have already been released in full in English, along with their anime adaptations.
Dark Horse is currently releasing XXXHolic Rei and has been re-releasing most of CLAMP’s previously published titles in shiny new omnibus editions. I imagine it’s only a matter of time until we see them pick up this new Tsubasa series as well.
After a seven year pause between releases, Viz Media was pleased to announce that they’re publishing the third volume of Bisco Hatori’s Millenium Snow this week. The previous two volumes of the vampire series were released back in 2007. Viz Media also released a handy 2-in-1 omnibus edition of Millenium Snow this week (Amazon CAN | US), making it easy for readers who don’t have the original singles to purchase the complete series to date. Bisso Hatori is best known for their previous series, Ouran High School Host Club.
Categories: Manga Minis
Tags: Bisco Hatori, CBLDF, CLAMP, Dark Horse, Digital Manga, Fate Stay Night, Millenium Snow, Tokyopop, Trinity Blood, Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicles, Viz Media, XXXHolic
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Featured Artists & Gallery News
Welcome to the Jorgensen Art Gallery Blog, where we feature articles on new paintings and sculpture on show at the gallery and news of the art and antique fairs that we participate in.
For art gallery news, invitations to our exhibition previews and free tickets to art and antique fairs, sign up for our gallery newsletter.
Gallery Newsletter
Walter Osborne, RHA (1859 - 1903) An Irish Impressionist Painter
Walter Osborne (1859 - 1903) "A Dublin Backstreet in the Snow" Watercolour & gouache, 20" x 14" (Signed & dated 1895)
Walter Osborne was born in Dublin in 1859, the son of a well known animal painter, William Osborne (1823 - 1901). He studied at the Royal Hibernian Academy Schools in Dublin and at the Dublin Metropolitan School of Art. In 1881 he won the Taylor scholarship at the Royal Dublin Society, which allowed him to travel to Antwerp. There he enrolled at the Academie Royale des Beaux Arts and joined the Natuur (painting and drawing from life) class given by the animal painter Charles Verlat (1824 - 1890). In 1883 having completed his training, Osborne travelled to Brittany, by then a popular destination for painters wishing to paint en plein air. Osborne worked in the countryside around the towns of Pont Aven, Dinan and Quimperle. One of his best known paintings from this period is his famous Apple Gathering, Quimperlé, now in the National Gallery of Ireland. During this time he became friendly with many artists and was influenced especially by Jules Bastien - Lepage, the French painter who used a grey, even light in his paintings, and promoted the square brush technique, a technique where paint is laid down in blocks of colour with a flat square brush. Osborne was also influenced in his work by two English plein air painters, George Clausen and Stanhope Forbes.
On his return from France in 1884, Osborne spent most of the next few years in various small English towns. In England he worked with Nathaniel Hill and Edward Stott in Worcestershire. He worked in the open air continuing to paint the rural scenes, villages and cottage gardens that he had painted on the Continent. He spent the winter months in Ireland and showed annually at the Royal Hibernian Academy exhibition, where he also became an influential teacher. In 1883 he was elected an associate of the RHA and in 1886 he became a full member. He then settled in Dublin where he assumed responsibility for the upbringing of his niece, Violet Osborne, who on the death of her mother in childbirth was sent from Canada to Ireland to be reared by her grandparents. He continued to paint outdoors in and around Dublin, but these works proved difficult to sell and so he entered the more lucrative area of portrait painting, where he was very successful. He continued to exhibit at the RHA and at the Royal Academy exhibitions in London, where his work was always popular. His later works show an "impressionistic" influence where his usual dark tonality gave way to brighter colours and an increased interest in the effects of sunlight and shadows.
In 1900 for reasons unknown he refused the offer of a knighthood. His career ended quite tragically in 1903, when aged only forty four, he died of pneumonia. It is with some justification that his unsentimental atmospheric paintings with their popular charm earned him the title of "the Irish Impressionist".
Jorgensen Gallery - Irish Antique Dealers' Fair 2016
We have just returned from this years Irish Antique Dealers' Fair at the R.D.S. Dublin, where we showcased over eighty paintings, and thirty five bronze sculptures on our stand, laid out in a room setting furnished with selected antique furniture, Daum glass vases and antique lamps. The antiques fair is always a wonderful opportunity to see Ireland's leading antique dealers all under one roof, and this year the fair was officially opened by Carleton Varney, President of Dorothy Draper & Co. who is a world renowned decorator, designer & author. His client list is second to none and features major Hollywood icons, such as Fay Wray, Joan Crawford, Van Johnson & Ethel Merman.
Alexey Krasnovsky 1945 - 2016
Alexey Krasnovsky - Harvest Moon, Oil on linen, 28" x 35"
Alexey Krasnovsky, one of Jorgensen Gallery’s longest standing artists, sadly passed away recently in Dublin, a place that had been his home for the past twenty-five years.
Born in Russia in 1945, he studied painting in St. Petersburg at the Tavrichesky College of Art under the constructivist painter Alexander Pavlovitch Zaitev. In 1979 Alexey left Russia and emigrated to the United States, where he first lived in New York city before moving to Woodstock, New York. During this time he travelled extensively throughout the United States, Mexico, and Europe, before finally moving to Ireland.
Alexey Krasnovsky - Isla Tavira, Portugal, Oil on linen, 15.5" x 19.5"
Alexey Krasnovsky - Still Life with Russian Toys, Oil on linen, 35" x 39"
Alexey had numerous successful solo exhibitions at Jorgensen Fine Art, as the gallery was previously known, his last being in 2014.
Below is the catalogue introduction from that exhibition, written by Sile Connaughton Deeny.
Had I the heavens’ embroidered cloths,
Enwrought with golden and silver light,
The blue and the dim and the dark cloths
Of night and light and the half light,
I would spread the cloths under your feet:
But I, being poor, have only my dreams;
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
Tread softly because you tread on my dreams.
Colour, which, like music, is a matter of vibrations, reaches what is most general and therefore most indefinable in nature: its inner power… PAUL GAUGUIN
Colour is the language of this exhibition, at times the voice is loud and vibrant, the colour thickly and defiantly applied. At others it is sotto voce the colours pared-back and almost withheld. There is a divide between the earthly and the ethereal, the sensual and the spiritual. We are reminded of the raw sexuality of the work of Gauguin juxtaposed with the tender innocence of that of van Gogh. The earthiness of Billy’s Bay Jamaica, Hot Peppers and Still Life with White Onion is almost tangible. We smell the soil which nourishes the Chestnut Clarinda Park. As for Flying Squirrel and Cardinal Red, I think Gauguin would have been hard-pressed to convey such relish in Nature’s fecundity. In total contrast, the lighter, airier, more dreamlike works such as Gibbous Moon, Tavira Portugal, Conversation Collioures and, perhaps most especially, Moorish Castle Tavira are heartbreakingly tender and touching. They are the dreams that Yeats speaks of in his poem.
These works are laced with Alexey’s life experiences; he is in every brushstroke, every trope. He openly parades his emotions, cracking open the carapace to expose to us the tenderloin of his inner self. It truly behoves us to ‘tread softly’.
Síle Connaughton-Deeny, May 2014
The Jorgensen Gallery
Ib Jorgensen, one of Ireland’s top fashion designers, originally founded Jorgensen Fine Art in 1992 in his fashion salon housed in an elegant Georgian building on Molesworth Street in Dublin city centre. Jorgensen Fine Art quickly established a reputation as one of the leading art galleries in Dublin, with on average ten exhibitions per year featuring paintings by the leading names of 20th century Irish art, in addition to paintings and sculpture by contemporary Irish and international artists. Since then, the gallery moved premises a number of times, but we have now returned to Molesworth Street, where the original business was started and re-opened as the Jorgensen Gallery.
Jorgensen Gallery is a salon style gallery, specializing in contemporary art with paintings and bronze sculpture from Irish & International artists displayed in a room setting elegantly furnished with selected antique furniture, lamps and vases.
The gallery also stocks 19th/20th century paintings by some of the leading Irish and English Artists of that period. We currently have an exquisite watercolour by Irish Impressionist painter Walter Osborne on show and you can read more about it on our gallery blog here walter-osborne-rha-1859-1903-an-irish-impressionist-painter.html
20th Century Irish Art is represented at the Jorgensen Gallery with paintings by George Campbell, Arthur Armstrong and Evie Hone, which are displayed alongside paintings by our contemporary gallery artists such as Mark Cullen, Sean McSweeney, Clement McAleer, Allan Madsen, Alexey Krasnovsky, Dale Pring MacSweeney, Caroline Canning and Tim Woolcock. Contemporary bronze and stone sculpture also features prominently at the gallery with pieces by Fiona Smith, Vadim Tuzov, James Horan, Kevin Gaines, Joe Moran, Anna Campbell, Donnacha Treacy, Katherine Greene, Michael Keane & Peter Killeen.
Allan Madsen
Allan Madsen - Still Life with Onions, Oil on canvas, 36" x 36"
Danish by birth, the well-travelled Allan Madsen now lives and works in the Spanish province of Murcia. His first artistic incarnation was as a musician specialising in lute music of the Renaissance. These two interests, music and the Renaissance, have certainly crossed over into his paintings. The patterning in the backgrounds of his still life paintings betrays a decided musicality whilst the texture he achieves is redolent of Italian murals. Giotto comes to mind when one studies the rich texture which is built up by the use of colour. Because of Allan’s use of pentimenti, it is as though one is in the Arena Chapel in Padua looking at the underpainting coming through due to the natural patination of age.
Allan Madsen - Still Life with Bowl, Oil on canvas, 37" x 37" Sold
It is this, the sense of age, which renders the works so tranquil. There is no need to explain or to vocalise them; one wishes merely to absorb them. Influenced by the austerity of Juan Sánchez Cotán and the calm melancholy of Francisco de Zurbarán, Allan has brought an alchemy to bear upon the bodegones so beloved of the Spanish. The ineffable wistfulness of his figures, achieved by his deft use of sfumato, that subtle gradation of tone and colour used to blur the contours of a form, leads us right back to Leonardo da Vinci.
Allan Madsen - Still Life with Grapes, Oil on canvas, 35" x 35" Sold
Informed by the great masters as his work undoubtedly is, the chromatic intensity of the backgrounds can be read as pure abstraction. Around and beyond the meticulously painted objects in his compositions, he has deconstructed, tessellated and then reconstructed the space to create a vibrating, tactile ground which engenders a sensuality akin to some form of not trompe l’oeil but trompe le sens!
Síle Connaughton-Deeny
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Home » This Weeks Historical Events » Historical Events (October 9–October 15): Where were the Cubs?
Historical Events (October 9–October 15): Where were the Cubs?
In This Weeks Historical Events
This week in history, the Cubs were actually involved in historical events…
The Cubs were playing the Detroit Tigers in the World Series. It was Game 2 of the series–the first game had ended in a tie (called because of darkness). More than 21,000 braved the cold October Chicago weather at West Side Grounds again.
Cubs pitcher Jack Pfiester had led the league with a stunning 1.15 ERA (impressive even in the dead ball era), so the Cubs felt pretty confident stepping on the field for Game 2. His competitor that day was good ol’ Wabash George Mullin. Mullin was a 20 game winner, but he was also a 20-game loser, and had been hit pretty hard most of the season. In fact, he led the league in hits allowed and earned runs allowed.
Though the Tigers got first blood in the second inning, their lead didn’t last long. The Cubs loaded the bases against Mullin in the bottom of the inning, and George walked Joe Tinker to tie the game.
Then in the bottom of the fifth, Tinker scored the second run for the Cubs on a single by lead off man Jimmy Slagle, and the Cubs added an insurance run when Slagle scored on a double by Jimmy Sheckard.
After that, Pfiester shut the door on the Tigers. They did get two men on base in the top of the 8th inning, but Tigers lead off man Davy Jones made the inexplicable choice of attempting to steal third, and Johnny Kling threw him out for the third and final out.
The Cubs won the game 3-1.
They won their first World Series title three days later in Detroit.
October 9, 1906. Czech brewer Budejovicky Budvar exports beer to America for the first time. It becomes known as Bud. The Cubs and White Sox face off in Game 1 of the World Series at West Side Grounds in Chicago. The Sox beat Mordecai Brown and the Cubs, 2-1.
The World Series began in Detroit amid much fanfare, but not a great deal of excitement. The Tigers, led by Ty Cobb, were the prohibitive underdogs and the city of Detroit wasn’t optimistic that they could win it all. Especially against the defending champs who had beaten them the previous year.
Big Ed Reulbach (photo), who had been on fire for the past month, was given the ball to start this game and he didn’t quite have it. The Cubs went to the bullpen in the seventh and eighth, calling on their big guns Orval Overall and Mordecai Brown to rescue the win. Neither man pitched that well, but the Cubs came back to score 5 runs in the top of the ninth to win the game 10-6. The bottom of their order, Solly Hofman and Johnny Kling (each with two RBI), were the heroes of this Game 1 victory.
October 10, 2003. Quintin Tarantino’s “Kill Bill Vol. 1” is #1 at the box office. The Cubs beat the Marlins in Game 3 of the NLCS to take a 2-1 lead. Randall Simon hit a homer for the Cubs, and Doug Glanville knocked in Kenny Lofton with the winning run in the top of the 11th.
October 11, 1906. San Francisco public school board orders Japanese students to be segregated into their own schools, causing a diplomatic crisis for U.S. The White Sox shut out the Cubs 3-0 at West Side Grounds to take a 2-1 series lead.
The series shifted to Detroit’s Bennett Park for Game 4, and judging by the lukewarm response of the Detroit crowd, Tigers fans didn’t really have a lot of hope that they could beat the Cubs. Only 11,000 or so showed up for the game, and most of them probably wished they hadn’t. The Cubs sent their ace Orval Overall back to the mound, and the Tigers gave Wild Bill Donovan another chance, in a rematch of Game 1. This game, however, had nothing in common with that first one.
After giving up the first run (Ty Cobb’s only run of the series), once again a Cubs pitcher helped his own cause. Orval Overall knocked in two runs in the top of the 5th with a solid single to right field to take the lead.
Then the Tigers simply fell apart. They gave up a run on a throwing error, another run on a bunt hit by Jimmy Sheckard, and a fifth run while Frank Chance was caught in a rundown. The Cubs added a final run in the top of the ninth, and took a commanding 3-0 lead in the series.
The World Series comes to Chicago for Game 2, but Chicago also isn’t nearly as excited as it had been the last few years. There are a couple of good reasons for that.
First of all, many Chicagoans are disappointed the White Sox faltered in the closing days of the season. Another series with the Detroit Tigers isn’t nearly as compelling as a rematch of the 1906 crosstown series would have been. But secondly, and most importantly, Cubs owner Charles Murphy (photo) takes this opportunity to gouge his fans. He charges 4 times as much for the tickets and conspires with scalpers to charge even more. This blows up in his face. Already wildly unpopular in Chicago, Murphy becomes a pariah. Cubs fans try to organize a boycott to protest Murphy’s actions.
Only 17,700 show up for Game 1. This is a respectable crowd, but the Cubs have drawn more for their games against the Giants and Pirates. On the field, Orval Overall pitches a masterpiece. In the eighth inning he is working on a three hit shutout, when the Cubs explode for six runs. Joe Tinker hits a two run home run and Wildfire Schulte adds a triple. Ty Cobb knocks in the only Tigers run in the top of the ninth, but it’s too little, too late, and the Cubs take a 2-0 lead in the series.
Dion O’Banion’s lieutenant and successor, Hymie Weiss (photo), was gunned down literally steps away from Holy Name Cathedral’s front door. The bullets fired from the killer’s machine gun chiseled into the base of the church. Those bullet marks can still be seen today.
Holy Name Cathedral was also the location of a famous Cubs funeral.
Unlike O’Banion and Weiss, when Harry Caray died in February 1998, his funeral was actually heldinside Holy Name. It turned out to be almost a celebrity roast, as friends of Harry told story after hilarious story about their dear departed friend.
Cubs manager Jim Riggleman attended the service. Among the Cub players in attendance were Mark Grace, Sammy Sosa and Scott Servais and the retired second baseman Ryne Sandberg. Mayor Richard Daley of Chicago, Gov. Jim Edgar of Illinois and another famous Chicago figure, the football coach Mike Ditka, were also at the service.
As far as we know, no gangsters attended.
But it would have been fitting if they did.
On this day in 1929 the Cubs won a World Series game against Connie Mack’s Philadelphia A’s.
Guy Bush was on the Shibe Park mound for the Cubs, and the Mississippi Mudcat scattered nine hits, and gave up one run. But the big bangers on the A’s were ineffective. Hall of Famers Al Simmons and Jimmie Foxx combined to go 0-7.
Meanwhile, the Cubs had a few Hall of Famers of their own, and all three of them showed why they were enshrined. Rogers Hornsby and Hack Wilson each had two hits, and KiKi Cuyler knocked in the game winning runs.
After the game ended the Cubs had cut the A’s lead to 2-1. It would be as close as they would get. The A’s swept the final two games to win their fourth championship.
Mordecai Brown no-hits the White for the first 5 2/3 innings. He ends up with a 2-hitter, a 1-0 win for the Cubs. The series is now tied 2 games a piece.
While fans in Chicago gathered around a scoreboard in downtown Chicago as it showed updates of the game, Tiger fans knew it was all over. The Cubs had saved Mordecai Brown (Photo) to pitch game 5. Only 7700 fans bothered showing up to Bennett Park to watch the opposing team celebrate on their field.
The Cubs scored the only run they’d need in the top of the first. Jimmy Slagle walked to lead off the game, stole second base, and then scored on Harry Steinfeldt’s single. The Cubs added another run in the second, when Johnny Evers reached on an error, stole a base, and scored on a ground out.
Mordecai Brown did the rest. Still stinging from a disappointing performance in the 1906 Series, Brown scattered seven hits, but buckled down when it counted. Only two runners made it as far as third base, but both were stranded there. Ty Cobb got his fourth hit of the series, but he was thrown out trying to steal.
Cobb came up again the bottom of the ninth, and Brown struck him out. The final out of the game, the out that clinched the first World Series title in Chicago Cubs history, was snagged by future Hall of Famer Joe Tinker. When Tinker closed his glove over Boss Schmidt’s pop up that fell down through the frigid Detroit sky, the Cubs were the champions.
The fan protest against team owner Charles Murphy continues before Game 3 at West Side Grounds. This time only 14,543 show up. Jack Pfiester, who doesn’t have much left in the tank after an injury prone year, has another bad outing. This time he gives up 8 runs and the Cubs are never in the game. The crowd lets them have it, and after the needless drama caused by their despised owner, the Cubs are happy to return to Detroit for the rest of the series.
The Cubs have the biggest collapse in World Series history. Leading 8-0 in the 7th inning against the Philadelphia A’s, the Cubs give up 10 runs in the bottom of the 7th. The big blow is a Hack Wilson error on an easy fly ball to centerfield. Instead of tying up the series 2 games apiece, the Cubs fall behind 3 games to 1.
October 13, 1906. One of the popular films in Chicago is the “Joe Gans-Battling Nelson Fight”, which was a film of a championship bout that went 48 rounds. The movie ends in the 38th round because they ran out of film. The Cubs lose to the White Sox 8-6 at South Side Park to go to within one game of elimination. Mordecai Brown loses again.
October 14, 1908. The Baseball Writers Association of America is formed, and will one day form the voting arm of the Baseball Hall of Fame. They will elect several of the Cubs playing in the clinching game of the World Series against the Tigers in Detroit. 6210 die-hards were on hand in Detroit (the smallest World Series crowd in history) to witness another dominating pitching performance by Orval Overall. Like his teammate Three Finger Brown a few days earlier, Overall pitched a 3-hit shutout. He struck out ten Tigers and rode the first inning Frank Chance RBI single to victory. (The Cubs added another run in the 5th to win 2-0). There was no way anyone there could have known it then, but when Tigers catcher Boss Schmidt nubbed one off the end of his bat and was thrown out by Cubs catcher Johnny Kling, it marked the final time the Cubs would celebrate a World Series championship.
A world still reeling from world war was hit even harder in the year following the war thanks to an influenza pandemic.
In the two years that this flu ravaged the earth, a fifth of the world’s population was infected. It infected 28% of all Americans. An estimated 675,000 Americans died of influenza during the pandemic, ten times as many as in the world war.
And Chicago was hit hard too.
The University of Illinois released a report on October 15, 1918. Among other things it reported: “An analysis of the influenza situation in Chicago today shows that the epidemic has not reached its crest here. For the week ending September 28, there were 598 cases reported in Chicago with 176 deaths. During the week ending October 7 there were 6,106 cases reported with 627 deaths. The week which ended October 14 produced 11,239 cases and 1,461 deaths. The total number of deaths from influenza and pneumonia in Chicago during the past three weeks was 2,264 compared with an average of 156 for the same period during the past five years.”
Within a week, it hit Chicago with full-force. On one horrible October day 381 people died from influenza in Chicago.
Considering how badly Chicago was hit in October, it turns out to be a blessing that the World Series (Cubs versus the Red Sox) was held a month earlier because of the War. The Cubs-Red Sox World Series of 1918 remains the only World Series in history to be held in September. The President of the United States (Woodrow Wilson) had ordered the season ended on September 1st, so that any and all able men would work for the war cause and/or enter the military. He had no way of knowing it when he made that order, but it probably saved lives in Chicago and Boston. Having huge crowds come out for something like this only would have helped the influenza spread more quickly.
The only large gathering that was permitted in Chicago was the war parade. The Chicago health deparment gave very specific instructions to those attending. They were to strip, rub their body’s dry areas and take a laxative when they got home (to prevent catching the deadly flu virus.) The parade went down Michigan Avenue, right in front of the Art Institute.
During the epidemic, “Fresh Air Cars” were also introduced on the L. These were “L” cars with the windows locked open to maximize air circulation. One sign said: “Get the fresh air habit. Dress warm enough to enjoy it.” Another sign said: “Too much fresh air is just enough.” The idea the fresh Lakefront air promoted health was widespread, especially at a time when the rest of Chicago’s air was horrendous.
By 1920, the pandemic had subsided, but it left a tremendous amount of damage in it’s wake. Baseball was not immune, either. Boston Braves outfield Larry Chappell died in San Francisco. Former St. Louis Browns outfielder Emmet Heidrick died in Pennsylvania. Former Pirates and Reds outfielder Jake Stenzel (photo) died in Cincinnati (he had started his career with the Cubs, but played only a handful of games for them many years earlier). American League umpire Silk O’Loughin also perished in the pandemic. As did former Tigers owner William Yawkey.
October 15, 2003. The Staten Island Ferry crashes into a concrete pier at full speed, killing eleven people. The Cubs lose in Game 7 of the 2003 National League Championship series to the Florida Marlins.
Al Simmons
Baseball Writer's Association
Big Ed Reulbach
Boss Schmidt
Budejovicky Budvar
Charles Murphy
Connie Mack
Dion O'Banion
Doug Glanville
Frank Chance
Fresh Air Cars
Guy Bush
Hymie Weiss
Influenza Pandemic
Jack Pfiester
Jake Stenzel
Jim Riggleman
Jimmie Foxx
JImmy Sheckard
Jimmy Slagle
Joe Gans-Battling Nelson Fight"
Johnny Evers
Johnny Kling
Kiki Cuyler
Kill Bill Volume 1
Mississippi Mudcat
Mordecai Brown
Orval Overall
Quintin Trantino
Randall Simon
Richard Daley
Rogers Hornsby
Scott Servais
Silk O'Loughlin
Wabash George Mullin
Wild Bill Donovan
Wildfire Schulte
William Yawkey
1 × = nine
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Home Small Business Windows NT 4.0 Support Ends New Year's Eve
Windows NT 4.0 Support Ends New Year's Eve
By Sean Michael Kerner | December 30, 2004
When the clock strikes midnight on December 31st, Microsoft will say so long to publicly supporting Windows NT Server 4.0.
With the new year, the company will bring to an end an 11-year history of the NT brand that was its first entreé into the enterprise server market.
The end of life of public support of NT Server 4.0 had been expected last year, as Microsoft urged customers to upgrade to more secure platforms.
But in response to customer demand, Microsoft extended its support. So although January 1, 2005 marks the end of public support for NT, it doesn't mark the absolute end of Microsoft support for NT.
"In response to Windows NT Server 4.0 customers who face large scale migrations and have asked for support while completing an upgrade, Microsoft has designed a fee-based custom support program that will run through Dec. 31, 2006," a Microsoft spokesperson explained to internetnews.com.
"Additionally, Exchange Server 5.5 will follow this policy, by offering a full two years of fee-based custom support after extended product support for Exchange Server 5.5 ends on Dec. 31, 2005. It is important to keep in mind that this does not mean that Microsoft is extending the lifecycle for Exchange Server 5.5 or Windows NT Server 4.0, but rather providing customers who need additional time [to] complete migrations [and] a custom support offering."
As with other end of life Microsoft products, such as Windows 98, vulnerabilities that Microsoft considers to be "critical" will have patches issued and made available free of charge. That said, Microsoft said it strongly encourages all NT users to upgrade to new software, particularly Windows Server 2003.
NT Server 4.0 is the final NT product to hit the public end of life stage. Support for NT Workstation previously ended in June of this year. Windows NT Server 4.0 was introduced in August of 1996, the final successor in the Windows NT line which was launched with NT 3.1 in July of 1993.
Still, after eight years of active service, Microsoft is retiring an NT 4.0 product that wasn't built to face the realities of today's IT security environment.
"Over the past decade, security vulnerabilities that could not have been anticipated have emerged," Microsoft's spokesperson said. "We have responded with new design methodologies, coding practices and test procedures that have introduced within new platforms, such as Windows Server 2003, a far greater level of security than is possible with Windows NT Server 4.0. Windows NT Server 4.0 was developed before the era of sophisticated Internet based attacks. It has reached the point of architectural obsolescence."
The spokesperson added: "It would be irresponsible to convey a false sense of security by extending public support for this server product."
But will every customer migrate from NT to another Windows operating system?
"I see the NT 4 transition as one of the major reasons for Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer's renewed assault on Linux, " Jupiter Research's Joe Wilcox wrote in his blog. "Why shouldn't companies consider converting, say, a NT 4 print server to Linux, which could cost less up front than Windows Server 2003? That's a question Microsoft probably doesn't want NT 4 customers asking."
Wilcox estimated that earlier in the year, 40 percent of enterprises were still running Windows NT 4, though he noted that figure was on the decline as the end drew near. (Jupiter Research and this publication share the same parent company.)
According to Web analytics firm Netcraft, plenty of enterprises are still running their Web sites on NT 4 servers, though those numbers continue to decline. At the start of 2003, Netcraft's Web Server Survey found 5.3 percent of Web-facing host names were running on NT 4. That number fell to 1.4 percent by November of 2004.
Research firm Gartner recently noted that it has advised clients to move away from the platform by the end of 2004. Gartner estimated that more than 20 percent of installed Windows servers and 10 percent of installed desktops were still running NT.
"Even so, a relatively small number of customers have signed up for custom support," Gartner noted. "The flat pricing model is designed for Microsoft's few hundred customers with the highest volume of NT, which means that several thousand customers will go into 2005 without security support."
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www.nasonline.org About NAS Locations NAS Building Exhibits
CHAPTER TWO - The NAS Building's Interior: Exhibits
Consistent with the original conception of the building, the public areas of the building were to make up a “museum of discovery and progress,” as a 1923 prospectus drawn up by the Academy' Committee on Exhibits called it. Exhibits were to show the results of research going back no more than two years and were to be put on display in and around the Great Hall, where the public could view them. Seven rooms surrounding the Great Hall displayed scientific research undertaken by government, industry and university laboratories.
The East Gallery, one of two galleries flanking the Great Hall, is shown prior to WWII. NAS Archives.
These exhibits proved to be popular, so much so that more than 30,000 people were reported to have visited the building the first year it was open, a number that nearly doubled by the year 1937.15 The exhibits continued to draw visitors until the prospect of American involvement in the World War II brought with it an expansion in the demand for the Academy's services and for the increased office space these new activities required. The exhibition rooms were converted to office spaces, and the exhibits were discontinued. Although the war ended in 1945, the old exhibition rooms continued to be used as offices for staff and officers until the building' restoration, completed in 2012. Today, the restored East Gallery features the work and history of the National Academy of Sciences and the restored West Gallery features rotating exhibits that explore the relationship between art, science, and culture. The Marian Koshland Science Museum of the NAS, located on 6th Street in Penn Quarter near Judiciary Square, features topical exhibits on the current work of the nation' scientists.
A Home for Science in America Origins The Site Selection of an Architect Early Concepts of the Building The NAS Building's Exterior Exterior Stone Carvings and Bronze Work The Grounds The Entry Foyer The Great Hall Exhibits Library & Reading Room The Lecture Room and the Board Room The Wings The Auditorium Restoration Cleaning and Conservation of the Historic Core New Spaces and New Infrastructure
Endnotes Credits
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Good Stuff by Jennifer Grant
Good Stuff: A Reminiscence of My Father, Cary Grant
by Jennifer Grant
Knopf (Random House)
Good Stuff is unlike any other book you will ever come across. Reading it is a very intimate experience, one you share with the author. Jennifer Grant has given the public a peek into the love between a father and his only child. The father, Cary Grant, just happens to be one of the most famous, well-known and adored actors ever to have lived. We come to the book with a false sense of familiarity with Cary Grant only to discover that we didn't know about this part of his life at all.
Jennifer Grant reminisces about the first 20 years of her life; the years when her father was alive. Although the book goes back and forth through time freely, the reader never gets lost. Each chapter has a theme which anchors it and the progression of the book feels chronological even when it isn't. The author tried to capture the "essence of Dad's soul" when writing this book. It's not minute-by-minute account of 20 years past rather a way to portray her father the way she knew him. The title, Good Stuff, refers to something Cary Grant would say alot. The author says, "Dad used the expression 'good stuff' to declare happiness or, as one of his friends put it, he said it when please with the nature of things." The Cary Grant in this book is very happy to have finally had a child, one he could dote upon, teach, and most importantly love. You get the sense that he is scared of death because he doesn't want to miss those precious moments of his life. He didn't want to miss the good stuff.
Jennifer Grant is intelligent, observant and thoughtful and shares the most wonderful memories of her dad. At first I thought she came off a bit snooty, however, as I continued to read the book I realized that this is a woman who truly adored, loved and appreciated her father. She doesn't read any biographies about him. Before he passed away, Cary Grant warned his daughter that after his death people would say things about him. And to keep in mind what she knows about him now and what he's told her. He wanted her to remember him as he was, not as others will portray him to be. And that's exactly what she did in this book. While she does address some of the controversial topics of his life, including his sexuality (this surprised me!), she does stay true to her real memory of her dad.
The book is wider than your normal biography or memoir. It was purposefully made to look like a photo album or scrapbook. The pages are rough front which gives the book a sort of homemade feel. There are delightful pictures of father and daughter as well as other images that are so personal and intimate it feels like we are getting a peek into the Grant family's treasure trove. Jennifer Grant also included telegrams, typed notes, hand-written scribbles, drawings and written transcripts of audio recordings. She recounts conversations, events, explains some of the pictures.
What really touched me about this book is how much Cary Grant loved his daughter. He was so happy to have a child, he treasured every moment with her and kept a huge amount of mementos which he stored in a vault. The love, his love, is what will move you to tears when you read this book. And I implore that you do.
Full Disclosure: I purchased a copy of this book through Random House.
Here is an interview (she doesn't do many of these) with Jennifer Grant and ABC.
Posted by Raquel Stecher
Labels: Book Reviews, Books
Thank you for this post, I adore Cary cannot wait to get it.
me June 21, 2011 at 12:23 AM
Raquel Stecher June 23, 2011 at 11:22 AM
Thank you! And thanks for stopping by Hannah. Hope you enter my giveaway.
Zenda July 15, 2011 at 4:15 PM
Thanks for your impressions about the book. I will get it and read it soon, Cary Grant has always given me an impression of a good heart.
Leave me a comment! If it is a long one, make sure you save a draft of it elsewhere just in case Google gobbles it up and spits it out.
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Cemeteries Map
Old Calton Burial Ground – Edinburgh – Scotland
Old Calton Cemetery (properly called Old Calton Burial Ground) is a graveyard in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is located on Calton Hill, to the north-east of the city centre. The burial ground was opened in 1718, and is the resting place of several notable Edinburgh people, including philosopher David Hume, publisher William Blackwood and clergyman Dr Robert Candlish. It is also the site of the Political Martyrs’ Monument, an obelisk erected to the memory of a number of political reformers. The burial ground was altered following the construction of Waterloo Place in 1819, which divided the graveyard into two sections. Along with Edinburgh’s other historic graveyards, Old Calton is managed by City of Edinburgh Council.
The villagers of Calton, a village at the western base of Calton Hill, buried their dead at South Leith Parish Church. This was so inconvenient that, in 1718, the Society of the Incorporated Trades of Calton bought a half acre of ground at a cost of £1013 from Lord Balmerino, the feudal superior of the land, for use as a burial ground for the village. Permission was granted for an access road, originally known as High Calton and now the street called Calton Hill, up the steep hill from the village to the burial ground.
The Society of the Trades of Calton expanded the burial ground a number of times. Burials ceased in 1869 but the Society remained in control until 1888. A new road, named Waterloo Place after the contemporary victory at Waterloo, was approved in 1814 and built between 1815 and 1819. This road cut through the existing graveyard, requiring major removal of bodies and stones. Unusually for the period this was done with a high degree of decorum, bones being carefully grouped and wrapped for removal to New Calton Cemetery, 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) eastwards, where several of the more substantial stones were also re-erected. These transported stones belie the age of that cemetery, as it is odd to find 18th-century stones in a 19th-century cemetery. Due to the cut, a small section of the graveyard is isolated to the north side of Waterloo Place, and is accessed from Calton Hill (the street). The building to its east, part of Archibald Elliot’s Waterloo Place development, was originally the Calton Convening Rooms for the Incorporated Trades of Calton built as a replacement for their old convening rooms, which were demolished to make way for Waterloo Place and the Regent Bridge.
In 1795, Herman Lion (one of several versions of his name), a Jewish dentist and chiropodist of German nationality who had moved to Scotland in 1788 and who could not be buried in a Christian graveyard, petitioned the Town Council of Edinburgh for a small piece of ground as a burial ground for himself and his family. A council minute of 6th May 1795 records that the Council agreed to convey to Lion a piece of ground on Calton Hill for seventeen pounds sterling. The location of this burial ground is indicated on the 1852 Ordnance Survey map as “Jews’ Burial Vault (Lyons Family)” just outside the north wall of William Henry Playfair’s City Observatory.
Martyrs’ Monument
In 1793 several members of The Friends of the People, an early universal suffrage movement, were brought to trial and deported, being charged with treason for attempting to correspond with the French. Their true crime in the eyes of the judges was to push for universal suffrage, and the rights of the common man to control his destiny, i.e. voting rights for all, not just landowners. The men became known as the Chartist Martyrs. Thomas Muir of Hunter’s Hill was their leading figure, and he, along with four others who followed him, was banished to Botany Bay in Australia on 30 August 1793.
The huge obelisk (designed by Thomas Hamilton buried just behind), clearly visible from many central Edinburgh viewpoints, is the focal point of Old Calton Cemetery, and was erected in their memory. The choice of this site is probably linked to the graveyards lack of affiliation to any church, and prominent position. There is no known connection between any of the martyrs and Calton parish. The inscription reads:
To the memory of Thomas Muir, Thomas Fyshe-Palmer, William Skirving, Maurice Margarot, and Joseph Gerrald, erected by the Friends of Parliamentary Reform in England and Scotland 1844. I have devoted myself to the cause of the people, it is a good cause – it shall ultimately prevail – it shall finally triumph – speech of Thomas Muir in the Court of Justiciary on the 30th August 1793. I know that what has been done these two days will be re-judged – speech of William Skirving on the 7th January 1794.
The Scottish Reform Act 1832 eventually brought about their aim, and the men were pardoned in 1838. The monument was erected some 50 years after their stand, but was inspired by the Reform Act brought about by their original actions.
David Hume Mausoleum
Historian and philosopher David Hume (1711–1776), author of Treatise of Human Nature, was a household name across Europe in the 18th century, and a critical figure in the Scottish Enlightenment. He was a strong influence on many other thinkers and public figures, Adam Smith among them. However, his grave had to be guarded for 8 days after burial, due to strong public hostility towards him at the time of his death, largely due to his professed atheism.
In his will Hume requested that a “Monument be built over my body … with an Inscription containing only my Name and the Year of my Birth and Death, leaving it to Posterity to add the Rest.” The tomb is a large cylindrical tower on the Edinburgh skyline. It was designed by Robert Adam in 1777. Whilst Hume was not religious, leading to be buried in this non-denominational site, other family members did not hold his views. His niece is also interred here and she added a particularly Christian sentiment to her panel, which reads “Behold, I come quickly, thanks be to God which giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ”.
Hume’s home, between 1771 and 1776, was relatively close by, on the corner of St David Street and St Andrew Square, but that location has never been visible from Hume’s tomb (as some claim).
Robert Burn mausoleum
The work of architect Robert Burn (d. 1815) includes Nelson’s Monument on Calton Hill. This imposing family vault says nothing of his works. He was a respected architect by most, but not by his near-namesake Robert Burns, who commissioned Burn to erect a monument over the grave of his hero and inspiration, the poet Robert Fergusson who died in the poorhouse and is buried in Canongate Churchyard, visible from the southern reaches of Old Calton. Such commissions were normal, as many architects specialised in funerary monuments. On this occasion Burns was less than happy, as he indicated in a letter: “Five pounds ten shillings per account, I owe Mr R Burn, architect, for erecting the stone over the grave of poor Fergusson. He was two years in erecting it after I had commissioned him for it, and I have been two years in paying him after he sent me his account, so he and I are quits!” Both William and John Burn, his sons, were also eminent architects, and are also buried here, but with no specific memorial.
[source Wikipedia]
Andrea Pede
Andrea Pede, born in 1971, was born in Rome where he learns to walk, speak, write and after years of study he graduated in engineering. Curious and fascinated by the wonders of the world and human laboriousness, he has always felt the need to want to communicate his feelings by combining rigorous technical training with the surprising wonders of Creation. After long and tireless research, he finally arrives at Officine Fotografiche and immediately understands that photography will be for him the glue between heart and technique, between aesthetics and wonder.... and of course remains totally entangled.
http://www.pathsofthedead.net/wp/language/en/author/andrea-pede/
Communal Monumental Cemetery of Campo Verano - Rome - Italy
Cemetery of Agramonte - Oporto - Portugal
Greyfriars Kirkyard - Edinburgh - Scotland
Our Lady of Almudena Cemetery - Madrid - Spain
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A.S.C.E.
European Cemeteries Route
© 2013-2015 Andrea Pede
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N.C. A&T to Celebrate Class of 2020 Virtually
Courtesy N.C. A&T State University / May 8, 2020
Commencement season is a special time at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University in any year. But this year, the university is going above and beyond to give the newest Aggie graduates a send-off to remember with numerous local and national celebrations that will shine a well-deserved spotlight on their academic accomplishments.
Combined with the December graduates and additional graduates projected for the first summer school session, North Carolina A&T is expected to produce some 2,400 graduates for the academic year, the most in university history for a single year. Approximately 1,500 candidates comprise the spring class – again the largest in A&T history.
The celebrations planned for this historic spring class will not replace the traditional, in-person commencement ceremony that the COVID-19 pandemic has prevented; that ceremony has been postponed likely to later this year when it is hoped that graduates, family and friends are able to gather in large numbers.
For the events taking place this month, N.C. A&T is partnering with the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, JP Morgan Chase & Co., and the City of Greensboro, celebrity friends, well-known alumni and others for celebrations that promise to be entertaining.
On May 8-9, buildings in downtown Greensboro and on the A&T and UNC Greensboro campuses will be lit blue and gold to celebrate graduates from both universities. At A&T, that will include the Deese Clock Tower in the heart of campus.
On May 16, the Thurgood Marshall College Fund in conjunction with JPMorgan Chase & Co., ESSENCE, the National Basketball Association and the United Negro College Fund will present the National HBCU Commencement Celebration. “#ShowMeYourWalk: HBCU Edition” will be a virtual commencement to celebrate the graduates of historically Black colleges and universities.
On May 23, A&T will launch a graduation website and its own video celebration of the class of 2020. The video will also recognize members of the Golden Class of 1970 and the Silver Class of 1995.
“Commencement at A&T provides such a significant opportunity to celebrate our graduates with their families, friends and all the people who helped to get them to fulfill their academic dreams,” said Martin. “Even though challenges of our current environment don’t allow for our usual activities, we wanted to be sure to celebrate them this spring before they head off to the next phase of their educational or career journey.”
Graduates, their families and supporters are encouraged to visit the university’s social media channels to utilize special GIFs and frames to accompany their Class of 2020 content. Everyone is asked to utilize the hashtags #NCATGrad, #AggiePride, #AggiesAllTogether.
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Pro Vercelli: Delivering the Unthinkable
We won the league with five games to spare, and we did it in style, with 61 goals and counting. Last year, the most prolific team had 47 and we had 28. I made a promise when I took this job that we would crater the earth with meteors, and after the high hopes of our first season took to the wind like dust, it’s nice to see the first sign of fire. Even if the clinching game was a weak draw at Pizzighetone. Juventus may not know it yet, but the nightmare just edged a little closer.
I’ve probably made an unholy bargain by relying on so many loan players this season, and the major goal now is to try to keep from paying for it. The fear is that we’ll be arriving in Serie C1 with the slightly stronger core of a team that finished 10th in Serie C2/A two years ago—and maybe not even slightly stronger, since the blossoming of Jorge Ibáñez and Marciano van Dijk is going to be offset by the loss of Marco Conchione and OVDE, aging players whose contracts I don’t plan to renew. We’re still going to be broke, we’re still going to be vacant of transfer money, and we’re still not going to have any mentionable assets to sell. The first order of business will be trying to extend some loans.
But that’s for summer. For now, we’ve got five games between us and an unbeaten season. It’s going to be tough to motivate a group of teenagers who’ve just won an unforeseen championship to move in with passion on history, but I’m going to do what I can and hope the Vercellese nightlife doesn’t turn their heads completely.
Canavese. Sambonifacese. Como. Itala. Olbia. These are the final obstacles between us and never having to act impressed around Thierry Henry again. And don’t forget, it was Canavese who ended our winning streak at the start of the year by giving us our first draw game. There’s revenge in the air. I hope my players can sense it.
Most important of all: the Vercellese dinner is happening. Sometime after Christmas. There will be robust red wines of the Piedmont region. I will keep you informed.
Read More: Football Manager 2009, Pixel Dramas, Pro Vercelli
by Brian Phillips · December 24, 2008
Soccermom
January 2, 2009 at 8:01 pm · Reply
James T
I came across your website during a random googling adventure in an attempt to pick a new FM09 team to take charge of, and I will certainly be keeping track of it after reading that you chose to manage Pro Vercelli.
I took over as their manager in a previous version of the game (I can’t recall now if it was 07 or 08) after finding the story of their history rather fascinating, and managed to take them to the dizzy heights of Serie A within seven seasons. Funnily enough, I never won a title, and was always promoted via the play-offs. My final season (after I jacked it all in, frustrated at the number of times the local council blocked moves to improve the 18,000 capacity stadium) saw me finish 2nd in the table, a couple of points behind Milan, and defeated in the knockout stages of the Champions League.
Good luck with your challenge of taking Vercelli back to the top. It was one of my favourite experiences of ever playing Football Manager, and I’m sure you’ll have an equally enjoyable time (if not better – you’ve already won a league) rewriting history.
January 4, 2009 at 6:31 am · Reply
Pro Vercelli: Put Down the Book, Francesca - The Run of Play
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Really Funny Jokes
Really funny jokes, adult jokes, good jokes, short funny jokes, teacher jokes, very funny jokes, kids jokes, funny pictures
Good jokes-Fidel goes to heaven
Fidel Castro dies and goes to heaven. When he gets there, St. Peter tells him that he is not on the list and that no way, no how, does he belong in heaven. Fidel must go to hell.
So Fidel goes to hell where Satan gives him a hearty welcome and tells him to make himself at home. Then Fidel notices that he left his luggage in heaven and tells Satan, who says, "No problem, I'll send a couple of little devils to get your stuff."
When the little devils get to heaven they find the gates are locked.St. Peter is having lunch - and they start debating what to do. Finally one comes up with the idea that they should go over the wall and get the luggage.
As they are climbing the wall, two little angels see them, and one angel says to the other,"My God! Fidel has been in hell no more than ten minutes and we're already getting refugees!"
Labels: Clean jokes, Good jokes, Really Funny Jokes
19 Adult jokes which are really funny and short
20 blagues adultes qui sont vraiment drôle et court
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Office jokes (188)
doctor jokes (171)
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One line jokes (126)
sardar Jokes (112)
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funny pictures (5)
funny video jokes (3)
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Movie Review: Arthur
by Ian McFarland on April 8, 2011
in Print Reviews
From the Department of Useless Remakes comes Warner’s re-imagining of the Dudley Moore comedy Arthur. I haven’t seen that original, but having watched every episode of The Critic, I get the idea that remaking Dudley Moore’s original without Dudley Moore would be like if Warners followed through on their threats and made a “Buffy the Vampire Slayer” movie without Joss Whedon.
But on the other hand, maybe it was my lack of fondness for the original that allowed me to enjoy this new version of Arthur, at least as much as its standalone quality would let me.
The remake gives Dudley Moore’s role to a surprisingly popular rockstar-themed comic turned rockstar-themed actor. Russell Brand has mostly been known for the role of Aldous Huxley from 2008’s Forgetting Sarah Marshall and its 2010 spinoff Get Him to the Greek, a role that has started to define the actor himself.
So it’s refreshing to see his character in “Arthur” isn’t just a physical manifestation of the Ego and Id. Though there’s an issue with alcoholism involved, seeing Brand as a well-meaning rich guy that randomly spends thousands on people he’s just met is a welcome departure for the actor.
It helps that Brand can deliver on his lines–there’s a witty quip in every sentence he delivers, and the film is edited to shoot these out rapid-fire without mercy. The unforgiving pace of these wisecracks makes them difficult to appreciate, but Brand manages to at least stay afloat.
But Brand’s not the only victim here. The entire film is edited faster than a character dramedy can handle, like it’s just there to deliver jokes and isn’t interested in building tension. The script itself only worsens the problem. Funky pacing makes the last half of the film feel like a roller coaster of character development: Things are good! Things are Bad! Now they’re good again, but now they’re bad. It begins to feel taxing, and none of it works well on its own either.
There’s not a lot of vision for Arthur from behind the lens, but Brand and his costar Helen Mirren (Helen Mirren is in this?) keep the drama from sinking beneath a strange, hyper realization about a man whose adolescence was stunted growing up.
Also, enough can’t be said of supporting actor Luis Guzmán. Guzmán has never had an opportunity to show off much acting chops, but there’s not a line of dialogue he can’t make hilarious.
Up-and-comer Greta Gerwig has shown a lot of talent, but just falls into Manic Pixie Dream Girl stereotypes (maybe this isn’t entirely her fault, her character and the movie on the whole hosts a weird resemblance to the Will Ferrell manchild Christmas comedy Elf).
Altogether, it’s kind of fun to watch; but whether or not the original “Arthur” deserved a remake, it’s hard to justify why exactly this film itself needed to be made at all.
Ian McFarland
Ian T. McFarland reviews movies and music for Scene-Stealers, Dadsbigplan, LostinReviews, and has been called the “stud of his generation” (by somebody somewhere, surely).
Tagged as: 2011, arthur, arthur remake, film, gerner, gerwig, guzman, mirren, movie, Movie Review, review, Russell Brand
Previous post: SXSW 2011 Wrap-Up
Next post: Movie Review: Hanna
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Projects sponsored by SDTIBM
Investing in Cape Verde
About Boa Vista Island
Maio Island
Investments made
Available land
Creation and Classification of ZTE
ZTE of Boa Vista Island
ZDTI of Chave
ZDTI of Morro de Areia
ZDTI of Santa Mónica
ZTE of the island of Maio
ZDTI South of Vila do Maio
ZDTI of Ribeira De João
ZDTI of Pau Seco
“A captivating mix of mountains, beaches and peaceful villages by the sea”
“Wind-swept wavy dunes merge with indigo-blue seas on beaches preserved in white sands”
“Play in the constant beat of the music for which Cape Verde is famous and the renowned morabeza (Creole for the hospitality) of its people and you will see why many came – and never left “
Boa Vista and Maio islands are central parts of the tourism development policy and strategy in Cape Verde
Despite being one of the smallest countries in the world (166/195), Cape Verd is one of the most important countries for the economy. Since 2005, tourism has more than tripled in volume and revenue. The country’s growing popularity as a destination has stimulated a growing interest in investing and visiting it, as demonstrated by important published data on economics and tourism.
In a short time, since the opening of its international airport in 2007, Boa Vista has consolidated its position as the second largest destination in Cape Verde (behind the island of Sal, which had a 20-year lead) with 700,000 arrivals in 2017 and threatens to dethrone Sal as the country’s main destination in the not-too-distant future.
If you want to invest in the tourism sector and are looking for a good place to do it, Cape Verde and more concretely the islands of Boa Vista and Maio are an excellent option!
There are many reasons for this choice, including:
Strategic geographical location in the Atlantic Ocean
Democratic country, one of the most democratic in the world, and without corruption
Special partnership with the European Union
Excellent international relations
Christian, peaceful, multiracial and hospitable people
Respect for immigrants, their beliefs and cultures
Qualified and semi-skilled workforce
Tax incentives for private investments
Permanent Dialogue between the Public Sector and the Private Sector
Stable currency (fixed parity with EURO)
Nice weather, with temperature varying between 19º and 30º throughout the year
No record of occurrence of natural disasters
Excellent virgin beaches, warm water, clear and pliable throughout the year
Landscape and cultural diversity (musical and gastronomic singularity
Sun, beach and music festivals throughout the year
Legislation:
Lei nº 89/IV/93, de 13 de Dezembro – Aprova o Estatuto de Investidor Externo
Lei nº 55/VI/2005, de 10 de Janeiro – Aprova o Estatuto de Utilidade Turística
Lei nº 13/VIII/2012, de 11 de Julho – Estabelece as bases gerais para a realização de investimentos em Cabo Verde (Código de Investimento)
Lei nº 26/VIII/2013, de 21 de Janeiro – Aprova o Código de Benefícios Fiscais
Decreto-lei 29-2006 de 6 Março (Estudo Impacto Ambiental)
Decreto-Lei n.º 5 de 2014 AIA (Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental)
About Cape Verde
The islands of Cape Verde were discovered uninhabited by Portuguese navigators in May 1460. However, colonization only began in 1462. Given its strategic position on the routes linking Europe, Africa and Brazil, the islands served as a commercial warehouse. During the first two centuries of colonization, slaves represented the most important “commodity” of Cape Verdean exports. With the abolition of the slave trade, Cape Verde fell into decadence and began to live on the basis of a subsistence economy. Free Europeans and slaves from the African coast merged into a single people, giving rise to the Cape Verdean, with a way of being and living very own, and Creole emerged as the language of the community, mostly mestizo.
Cape Verde became an independent and sovereign country on July 5, 1975.
The population living in Cape Verde is estimated at 491,683 inhabitants (2010), according to data released by the National Institute of Statistics (INE). The age structure of the population is markedly young, with 54.5% of the population aged 0-24 and only 6.4% above the age of 65, with a mean age of 24 years. That is, the active population in the medium term will be very significant and could contribute to a progressive improvement in economic activity and an increase in the standard of living.
The degree of education has improved at an appreciable rate: In the 2011/2012 school year, 96% of the children, aged between 6 and 14 years old, attended basic education and 78%, aged between 12 and 17 years, attended secondary education. The literacy rate of the population aged over 15 years was about 82.8%.
Cape Verde is a democratic, parliamentarian republic, and its democracy has been considered exemplary by international bodies, not only at Africa but also on a world scale. The country enjoys peace, social and political stability, without any internal or external conflict, with good prospects of economic development. Presidential and legislative elections are held every five years, and municipal elections are held every four years. The President of the Party with a majority in the National Assembly (Parliament) is sworn in as Prime Minister.
Motto: Unity, Work, Progress
National anthem: Song of Freedom
Gentile: Cape Verdean
Capital: Praia 14° 55′ N 23° 31′ O
The most popular city: Praia
Language: Portuguese (official), Creole Cape Verdean (unofficial)
Government:Parliamentary unitary democratic republic
President: Jorge Carlos Fonseca
Prime Minister: Ulisses Correia e Silva (MPD)
Total area: 4.033 km²
Coin:Cape Verdean escudo (indexed to the euro) (CVE)
Timezone:Cape Verde timetable – CVT (UTC-1)
Climate: Arid
Cód. ISO: CPV
Cód. Internet: .cv
Cód. telef.: +238
Data of Cape Verde
Ranked in the 84th / 141st place in the World Economic Forum 2015 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index
More than 1,350 km of roads scattered among the 9 inhabited islands, of which 932 are paved
The air transport infrastructure was classified as 43/141 in the 2015 World Travel Forum's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index
Cape Verde occupies 122/188, which places the country in the category of average human development
The main port of cruises and yachts is Mindelo, on the island of São Vicente
4 international airports, domestic service airports on all islands except 2 (Santo Antão and Brava)
Any EU airline may operate flights between Cape Verde and a Member State which already has a bilateral agreement with Cape Verde, provided that traffic rights are available
Warm, semi-arid and dry climate, with average temperatures of 25 ° C from November to July. Rainy season from August to October.
Source: INE - National Institute of Statistics
Tourists - Arrivals
Rooms nr.
% hotel occupancy
OPERATORS IN CAPE VERDE
Cape Verde has four international airports: Praia International Airport (also known as Nelson Mandela International Airport) on Santiago Island, Amílcar Cabral International Airport on Sal Island, Aristides Pereira International Airport in Boa Vista and Cesária Évora International Airport on São Vicente.
Domestic service airports include Preguiça airport on the island of São Nicolau, Sao Felipe airport on Fogo Island and Vila do Maio airport on Maio Island. The company Binter Cape Verde connects international and domestic airports. Any EU airline may operate flights between Cape Verde and a Member State that already has a bilateral agreement with Cape Verde, provided traffic rights are available.
Consequently, as shown in the chart, several airlines have begun serving Cape Verde’s four international airports. Top international airlines, such as Turkish Airlines and Qatar Airways, are offering flights to Cape Verde based on shared code.
TACV Cape Verde and Sata airlines offer direct flights to the US (Providence Rhode Island).
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Seb Fox
Ikigai. A reason for being.
Ikigai: What makes a good life?
Ikigai is one of those beautiful Japanese words that encapsulates a whole paragraph of English in just one word. Roughly, it describes a reason for being, or that thing that gets you out of bed in the morning and really motivates you deep down. Now I want to ask you, what is your ikigai? Don't be disheartened if you're not sure, or if you have one but you're not sure it's what it should be. I spend a lot of time thinking about mine and I'm still struggling to define it. I suspect I'm not alone.
When we ask how one should live, we entertain the implicit assumption that there is some platonic form of 'the perfect life' that we must all model ourselves on and strive towards. Now that is clearly not the case and I'm sure we can all think of many varied lives that we can look at and say 'that person is doing it right'. Take the wildlife trust ranger you say hi to when walking your dog who loves being outdoors, is always happy and never stressed and brings his children along with him at weekends, and compare him to your lecturer at university who spends her morning discussing the hottest new interpretation of Wittgenstein over coffee before settling down to an afternoon of reading in the absence of distraction and then trying out that new tortellini recipe at home with her family. Without delving further into the subjective psychological state of each of these individuals, their lives both appear objectively 'good' but in very different ways. Now compare them both to your next door neighbour who leaves before the sun rises to stand in the doorway of a busy commuter train for 3 hours each day in order to get to the office where they work 50 weeks of the year with people they don't like on projects whose sole purpose is to create more wealth for the CEO who owns 95% of the company and has no time to visit their parents. Whilst there is clearly no such thing as a perfect life, I think some of us are doing it better than others. Which end of the spectrum are you on?
If it is possible to make statements about better and worse ways of living, I think it's pretty clear that most us aren't currently doing it right. In the developed world, we spend far less time with our families and more time working to make money for the richest who are speeding away from us as the inequality gap increases year on year. We work longer hours, despite the massively increased productivity that computing and automation enables us. 20 years ago, no-one felt the need to respond to work colleagues within 30 minutes, but now we are all attached to email and worry that our colleagues will think us incompetent or lazy if we aren't checking it 4+ times a day whilst on annual leave. Back in the early 20th century, eminent economist John Maynard Keynes predicted the 15 hour work week and that the biggest problem facing humanity would be boredom and excessive amounts of leisure time. That prediction is now laughable, with 38% of British adults saying they would rather work less hours.
What's the point in working so much to increase GDP if that doesn't correspond to an equivalent increase in our happiness. We each end up a glorified Sisyphus, ever striving to reach the top of the mountain with our boulder forgetting why we strive for that in the first place.
Unsurprisingly, all this has left us feeling very unhappy. 20% of us exhibit the symptoms of anxiety or depression, 2.8% of us have been diagnosed as having depression. According to the World Happiness Report, on a 0-10pt scale of happiness with 10 being the happiest you can imagine and 0 being not worth living, W Europeans average out as rating their lives at 6.575, at a little over halfway, that's pretty poor. In Denmark they are up at 7.5! Partly due to their fantastic social and welfare system, partly due to their family and home-centric culture which values leisure and free time rather than work and partly due to their progressive society which has high levels of gender equality.
So what are the key ingredients of a good life? How does one attain it? One of the earliest and simplest suggestions was the epicurean form of hedonism in which one's goal in life is thought to be to maximise pleasure and minimise pain. Rather seductive in its simplicity, it is argued that humans are just a bag of chemicals (albeit very precisely arranged) and that pleasure itself is simply the result of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and serotonin in the anterior cingulate cortex and so any pursuit of higher order satisfaction is missing the point. To most of us this perspective looks a little reductionist and we'd feel dissatisfied with a life spent solely on immediate short term pleasures e.g. sex, drugs, food, money.
There must surely be something more.
But what?
Religion of course used to fill this void in our search for meaning but has come to have little significance for many in the western world today with 71% of young people in the UK reporting that they have no religion. Are we forced to accept Nietzsche in his nihilism now that 'god is dead'?
Viktor E Frankl (psychiatrist, holocaust survivor and esteemed author) contends against this in his famous book 'Man's search for meaning' which describes how he coped in Auschwitz and then went on to develop logotherapy, a psychotherapy based around the idea that it is the search for meaning that gives our lives purpose and fulfilment. Frankl argues that meaning can be found everywhere and can make all lives worth living - even those of abject hopelessness and suffering such as a prisoner of a concentration camp. There are three ways to obtain meaning:
Experience of values
We all inherently understand the first to be a valuable way to pursue meaning and thus contentment. For example, those in the third sector such as charity fundraisers derive a sense of meaning through the act of helping others, and effective altruists by doing so in the most effective, evidence based way possible. The second meaningful activity is the experience of values, which can be through many different media e.g. beauty through art or love through a relationship. Neither of these is controversial, but this categorisation is quite an elegant portrayal of those key features a hedonist must acquire before achieving the highest levels of life satisfaction.
Frankl goes further however, extrapolating from his concentration camp ordeals to include a third path in the search for meaning: suffering.
"If there is a meaning in life at all, then there must be a meaning in suffering. Suffering is an ineradicable part of life, even as fate and death. Without suffering and death human life cannot be complete.
The way in which a man accepts his fate and all the suffering it entails, the way in which he takes up his cross, gives him ample opportunity — even under the most difficult circumstances — to add a deeper meaning to his life. It may remain brave, dignified and unselfish. Or in the bitter fight for self-preservation he may forget his human dignity and become no more than an animal. Here lies the chance for a man either to make use of or to forgo the opportunities of attaining the moral values that a difficult situation may afford him. And this decides whether he is worthy of his sufferings or not. … Such men are not only in concentration camps. Everywhere man is confronted with fate, with the chance of achieving something through his own suffering."
"Everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms — to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one’s own way."
This third way may combine with the first two also, in the following moving passage, Frankl describes how he experienced meaning through love in Auschwitz.
"We stumbled on in the darkness, over big stones and through large puddles, along the one road leading from the camp. The accompanying guards kept shouting at us and driving us with the butts of their rifles. Anyone with very sore feet supported himself on his neighbour's arm. Hardly a word was spoken; the icy wind did not encourage talk. Hiding his mouth behind his upturned collar, the man marching next to me whispered suddenly: "If our wives could see us now! I do hope they are better off in their camps and don't know what is happening to us."
That brought thoughts of my own wife to mind. And as we stumbled on for miles, slipping on icy spots, supporting each other time and again, dragging one another up and onward, nothing was said, but we both knew: each of us was thinking of his wife. Occasionally I looked at the sky, where the stars were fading and the pink light of the morning was beginning to spread behind a dark bank of clouds. But my mind clung to my wife's image, imagining it with an uncanny acuteness. I heard her answering me, saw her smile, her frank and encouraging look. Real or not, her look was then more luminous than the sun which was beginning to rise.
A thought transfixed me: for the first time in my life I saw the truth as it is set into song by so many poets, proclaimed as the final wisdom by so many thinkers. The truth – that love is the ultimate and the highest goal to which Man can aspire. Then I grasped the meaning of the greatest secret that human poetry and human thought and belief have to impart: The salvation of Man is through love and in love. I understood how a man who has nothing left in this world still may know bliss, be it only for a brief moment, in the contemplation of his beloved. In a position of utter desolation, when Man cannot express himself in positive action, when his only achievement may consist in enduring his sufferings in the right way – an honourable way – in such a position Man can, through loving contemplation of the image he carries of his beloved, achieve fulfilment. For the first time in my life I was able to understand the meaning of the words, "The angels are lost in perpetual contemplation of an infinite glory.""
In the absence of one of Frankl's three pursuits of meaning, we tend to fill the void with other less fulfilling pursuits such as hedonism, power, materialism or the easy lure of neurosis. How many times have you thought to yourself: 'Once I'm out of this job I'll be happy', 'once I'm earning X amount, then I'll relax and be content', 'if I was just 1 dress size smaller then I'd be happy and more confident'. Any of us who have ever attained one of these thoughts knows full well that life doesn't change and there is always another goal to strive for. We can never relax.
So is the pursuit of meaning enough for us all to lead the best possible lives? Yes there is no longer a void, but I think that this inherently does not feel like enough. One can envisage an aid worker, or a teacher, who finds what they do optimally worthwhile and meaningful but is still buffeted by the typical anxieties, unhappiness and stresses of day to day life to which we all succumb. Or the chef of a 3 Michelin star restaurant, producing the most innovative dishes never before imagined, immersing themselves in their love for food, who still finds the daily struggles of customer complaints, underperforming staff and negative reviews a burden. Where else might we look for the ingredients of a good life?
Over recent decades, the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (aka the Buddha) have begun to enter Western popular consciousness, luring many dissatisfied souls in with its lofty promises of a higher sense of fulfilment and happiness. Perhaps even the elusive nirvana is possible - an ultimate state of non-self existence which finally releases one from the cycle of rebirth (samsara). The Zen school of Buddhism has gained particular popularity in the West with its tradition of meditation, the simplest and most famous form of which, Vipassana (or mindfulness - popularised by Jon Kabat-Zinn), has become widely practiced from silicon valley tech leaders, to UK primary schools. Household names such as Clint Eastwood, Oprah, Steve Jobs and Kobe Bryant have talked about their use of the practice and from hundreds of interviews with world leaders across industry, sport, academia, entertainment and more, Tim Ferriss has found that upwards of 70% of them include some form of meditation practice in their morning routine. I won't go into detail on how to meditate here, as Sam Harris writes really well on this topic here.
It certainly looks like something worth exploring.
Research into the field is still young, but there is an increasing amount of evidence supporting the role of meditation on happiness. For example, this meta-analysis of 47 randomised controlled trials concluded that 'mindfulness meditation programs had moderate evidence of improved anxiety, depression and pain'. Interestingly, this same study found 'low evidence of improved stress/distress and mental health-related quality of life' for meditation, but these metrics are naturally harder to measure and in fact, even the tiniest of impact on quality of life on a 10pt scale can be huge long term. Most of the 47 studies were also quite short term, some as short as 5 weeks, and it is well recognised that the self-reported effects of meditation take months to years to develop.
Other meta-analyses show efficacy for meditation in depression, anxiety, stress reduction, substance abuse and eating disorders.
The underlying neuronal correlates of these effects are unknown, but meditation has been shown to trigger widespread increases in cortical gray matter (an important reversal of the ageing brain) as well as particular increases in the thickness of the prefrontal cortex (key in executive function, emotional regulation and inhibition), the mass of the insula (important for self-awareness) and the hippocampus (memory), all areas of which have been strongly implicated in depression.
Further fMRI studies demonstrate increased engagement of the anterior cingulate cortex and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in Vipassana meditators when practicing. These two areas are thought to be the most important brain in depression as key regulators and mediators of emotion, and this data is therefore promising in suggesting a link.
There is another ancient philosophy from a different culture that is also taking the world (and in particular the bay area) by storm with its potential use in creating a good life: stoicism. Established by the ancient Greek, Zeno, in the 3rd century BC, stoicism's most famous adherents and teachers were the roman emperor of the 2nd century AD, Marcus Aurelius, and the statesman philosopher, Seneca. It is based on the idea that one should remain steadfast no matter what life throws at you and not succumb to the whims of one's innate, impulsive reactions as is encompassed beautifully pithily by Rudyard Kipling in If:
Yours in the Earth and everything that's in it,
And - which is more - you'll be a Man, my son!
I like to think of the word 'man' in the final sentence as more broadly referring to humanity. Reading that, it's not hard to see the appeal.
There are three key Stoic practices I want to mention.
The first, described by Seneca:
"It is in times of security that the spirit should be preparing itself for difficult times; while fortune is bestowing favours on, it then is the time for it to be strengthened against her rebuffs'. 'Set aside a certain number of days, during which you shall be content with the scantiest and cheapest fare, with coarse and rough dress, saying to yourself the while: 'Is this the condition that I feared."
The theory behind this, spending some time living in the absence of luxury (perhaps by fasting, or by relinquishing your normal pleasures), is that it you will realise that not having such things is not so bad at all. You will therefore be liberated from the anxious, desperate pursuit of wealth and materialism and become free to take risks to explore as you please in life, prioritise correctly and not take anything for granted.
"Choose not to be harmed and you won't feel harmed. Don't feel harmed and you haven't been" Marcus Aurelius
This is the second practice, and frames every struggle as an opportunity, every obstacle a teaching opportunity. For example, imagine a colleague who does no work but claims your successes as their own, this teaches you patience and humility and tames the ego. There is a learning point in every situation and it is up to you to find it. 'You have the power over your mind - not outside events. Realise this and you will find strength' - Aurelius. This practise has been popularised by Ryan Holiday in 'The Obstacle is the Way' and is in fact the basis for modern cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) which treats depression, anxiety and eating disorders by replacing negative thought processes with more positive interpretations of events.
The final practice is to constantly remind yourself of your place in the world and retain that perspective perpetually.
"Do not act as if you were going to live ten thousand years. Death hangs over you. While you live, while it is in your power, be good"
"Your days are numbered. Use them to throw open the windows of your soul to the sun. If you do not, the sun will soon set, and you with it"
These thoughts may appear morbid, but I actually find them extremely liberating and perfect way of constantly focusing only on that which is actually important.
Whilst he didn't identify as a stoic, Benjamin Franklin (commonly touted as someone who clearly had things together) certainly espoused some stoic principles in his life. My favourite is his virtue diary which he developed in order to train himself to be a better person by keeping track of thirteen virtues and rating himself on them at the end of each week. In this way he would gradually cultivate the deficient ones one by one. His thirteen virtues are here. However, I have personalised mine somewhat and track just eight slightly different ones:
Health
Each week, I rank myself on each and think about how to improve those I fall short on, tranquillity being a consistent low performer!
So perhaps incorporating some of these Stoic and Zen Buddhist practices into our daily lives, combined with a meaningful pursuit might set us on the right path to happiness and fulfilment? There is one more lens through which I think we should all look at life on a regular basis and that is the regrets of the dying. Let us learn from the mistakes of others and not make them again. Australian palliative care nurse Bronnie Ware has recorded a career of dying people's regrets in 'The top five regrets of the dying'. Here they are:
"I wish I'd had the courage to live a life true to myself, not the life others expected of me"
"I wish I hadn't worked so hard"
"I wish I'd had the courage to express my feelings"
"I wish I had stayed in touch with my friends"
"I wish that I had let myself be happier"
Take a moment to really consider each of those. Each contains a wealth of information and I think it is really worth focusing on them.
From hedonism and the search for meaning to stoicism and the Zen school, how to live is something none of us ever really think about, but it's so important and has a massive impact on our well being. And to be frank, what else is the point of life, other than trying to lead the best one we can? So meditate more, worry less, don't work so hard, meaning is imperative and can always be found, accept life's struggles as they come and most importantly, lead a good life and never lose sight of your ikigai.
I enjoyed reading this, thanks for taking the time to write up your thoughts! I particularly liked your choice of stoic quotes, hadn't come across many of those specific ones before
I write about the future of technology, science and humanity.
Oxford, UK
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Lifestyle Analysis in Criminal Cases: Proving Income Without Full Documentation
Both civil and criminal cases often involve an element of proving or disproving income of an individual or business. It is not unusual for a divorce case to include allegations of hidden income or assets. In contract disputes alleging the loss of sales or profits, an accurate determination of income is critical.
In criminal cases, the issues surrounding the income of an individual or business have even higher stakes. These cases are quite often tax-related matters, but cases involving white collar crimes and drug trafficking usually include questions about income too. Continue reading
Tags divorce, hidden assets, hidden income, indirect method of proof, lifestyle analysis, money laundering, net worth method, white collar crime
Jeweler Charged With Money Laundering
Milwaukee area jewelery Harry C. Glinberg has been charged with money laundering, and has been accused of significantly underreporting his income to the IRS. He was arrested last week and is currently free on a signature bond.
Glinberg is accused of selling expensive jewelry to drug dealers for cash. The jewelry store is known for selling watches costing thousands of dollars, including diamond encrusted watches that retail for $30,000. Continue reading
Date 7 September 2006
Tags criminal investigation division, harry glinberg, irs cid, money laundering, tax fraud
Milberg Weiss Indicted on Charges of Conspiracy to Give Kickbacks in Class-Action Cases
The New York based law firm of Milberg Weiss Bershad & Schulman was indicted in Los Angeles yesterday for twenty years of activities, including a conspiracy to give kickbacks to lead plaintiffs in securities class-action cases. It is alleged that the fraud included payment of over $11 million in kicbacks, disguised as referral fees or other legitimate payments.
Included in the charges are conspiracy, racketeering, mail fraud, money laundering, and filing false tax returns. Melvyn Weiss, a co-founder of the firm, is not named as a defendant, but partners David Bershad and Steven Schulman are. Continue reading
Date 19 May 2006
Tags conspiracy, kickbacks, milberg weiss, money laundering, racketeering
Parents and Son Indicted on Federal Money Laundering Charges
Christopher Vnuk and his parents, Stephen Vnuk and Sharon Vnuk have been indicted by a federal grand jury on money laundering charges. Money from trafficking high-grade marijuana was allegedly laundered through purchases of vehicles. The parents are also alleged to have purchased items on credit cards, and used drug money to pay the credit card bills and home equity loans.
One particular incident allegedly includes a home equity loan to purchase a $66,685 Mercedes Benz for the son’s use. The bulk of that loan was paid off with drug money. Continue reading
Tags money laundering
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Chapter 16: The Rescue
Chapter 15: The Believer
Chapter 14: The Tragedy
Chapter 13: The Jedi
Chapter 12: The Siege
Chapter 11: The Heiress
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Category: Quatermass
Contact Has Been Established
July 18, 1953 April 25, 2016 Earl
The first attempt to launch a manned rocket into space meets with serious problems; the three-man vehicle, rather than following a carefully-planned parabola to make a single orbit, veers hundreds of thousands of miles off course, losing all contact with Earth. As the rocket’s designer, Professor Bernard Quatermass of the British Experimental Rocket Group, tensely awaits word when the atomic-powered rocket finally approaches Earth again. With no contact from the astronauts themselves, the rocket returns to Earth under remote control from the ground, but the best that Quatermass and his team can manage is to bring it in for the least-damaging crash landing possible. Still intact, the rocket has slammed into a neighborhood near Wimbledon Commons, and astonishingly no one on the ground is hurt, though police evacuate residents from their homes. Quatermass and his team arrive to open the rocket, but inside they find only one astronaut remaining: engineer Victor Carroon, whose wife is a member of Quatermass’ ground control team. The other two men are missing without a trace, their spacesuits left empty in the rocket.
written by Nigel Kneale
directed by Rudolph Cartier
music not credited
Cast: Reginald Tate (Professor Bernard Quatermass), Isabel Dean (Judith Carroon), Duncan Lamont (Victor Carroon), Hugh Kelly (John Paterson), Moray Watson (Peter Marsh), W. Thorp Devereux (Blaker), Van Boolen (Len Matthews), Iris Ballard (Mr. Matthews), Eugene Leahy (Police Inspector), Neil Wilson (Policeman),Colyn Davies (Fireman), Katie Johnson (Miss Wilde), Oliver Johnston (News Editor), Paul Whitsun-Jones (James Fullalove), Patrick Westwood (First Reporter), Dominic LeFoe (Second Reporter), Nicholas Bruce (BBC Newsreader), Pat McGrath (BBC Interviewer), MacGregor Urquhart (Sandwichman), Denis Wyndham (Reveller)
Notes: Broadcast in 1953 as a live play for television with one film insert (actual film from a camera mounted aboard a captured German V2 rocket launched from White Sands, New Mexico in 1946), The Quatermass Experiment was one of the earliest instances of the BBC making a “telerecording” (a film recording from a television screen showing the live broadcast) of a drama production rather than live coverage of a news event. This was also one of the final major productions staged at the BBC’s original television studios at Alexandra Palace, using some of the BBC’s original 1930s cameras, before the bulk of production was moved to the then-new Lime Grove studios (future home of the TARDIS).
QuatermassBBC1, Season Premiere, Series Premiere
Persons Reported Missing
July 25, 1953 June 5, 2016 Earl
The Metropolitan Police get involved in the investigation of what happened to Quatermass’ space rocket and its now-mostly-missing crew, and Quatermass is outraged when they begin to treat Victor Carroon as a murder suspect. Police and press alike swarm the crash site in Wimbledon before Quatermass has even had a chance to determine what happened aboard the vehicle. All that is known is that it an electrical component failed, sending the rocket further than the orbit the moon before the vehicle returned to Earth in a long, looping arc. And inexplicably, Carroon now understands and speaks perfect German – a language he never spoke prior to the mission – but he can offer no answers about the whereabouts of his missing crewmates, Charles Green and German rocket engineer Dr. Reichenheim.
Cast: Reginald Tate (Professor Bernard Quatermass), Isabel Dean (Judith Carroon), Duncan Lamont (Victor Carroon), Hugh Kelly (John Paterson), Moray Watson (Peter Marsh), John Glen (Dr. Gordon Briscoe), Ian Colin (Detective Inspector Lomax), Frank Hawkins (Detective Sergeant Best), Christopher Rhodes (Dr. Ludwig Reichenheim), Peter Bathurst (Charles Greene), Enid Lindsey (Louisa Greene), Oliver Johnston (News Editor), Paul Whitsun-Jones (James Fullalove), Patrick Westwood (First Reporter), Dominic LeFoe (Second Reporter), Stella Richman (Hospital Sister), Eugene Leahy (Police Inspector), Neil Wilson (Policeman, Wimbledon), Maurice Durant (Policeman, Scotland Yard)
Notes: This is the second and last episode of The Quatermass Experiment to be preserved via BBC telerecording, and the primitive nature of the technology involved shows: an insect lands on the television screen being filmed by the film camera and remains there for several minutes! Dissatisfied with the technical quality of the telerecordings of the first two episodes, the BBC opted to stop doing them, which also nixed a planned rebroadcast of The Quatermass Experiment on Canadian TV; episodes three through six are lost forever. Sadly, the remainder of this guide to The Quatermass Experiment, out of necessity, is based upon the original scripts and remaining production paperwork.
QuatermassBBC1
Very Special Knowledge
August 1, 1953 June 5, 2016 Earl
The questioning of surviving astronaut Victor Carroon continues, and he reveals not only a fluent grasp of German, but knowledge of fellow astronaut Green’s life as well. The cockpit voice recorder from the rocket is found and its tape played back, revealing an unearthly sound that accompanied the rocket going off course. Though Detective Inspector Lomax dismisses the sound as that of “the rocket motors”, Quatermass knows it’s not the sound of the engines. When the tape is played back with Carroon and Lomax present, its obvious that the astronaut is not a murder suspect…but the victim of whas Quatermass believes was “like a cosmic ray, but alive”…
Cast: Reginald Tate (Professor Bernard Quatermass), Isabel Dean (Judith Carroon), Duncan Lamont (Victor Carroon), John Glen (Dr. Gordon Briscoe), Ian Colin (Detective Inspector Lomax), Frank Hawkins (Detective Sergeant Best), Hugh Kelly (John Paterson), Paul Whitsun-Jones (James Fullalove), Philip Vickers (American Reporter), Edward David (Indian Reporter), Katie Johnson (Miss Wilde), Lewis Wilson (Walters)
Notes: The BBC, unsatisfied with its experimental telerecording technique, only recorded the first two episodes of The Quatermass Experiment. This synopsis and the remainder of this guide to The Quatermass Experiment, out of necessity, is based upon the original scripts and remaining production paperwork.
LogBook entry by Earl Green
Believed To Be Suffering
As Victor Carroon, still delirious, shows an unusual amount of interest in a potted cactus, a photographer intrudes on the Carroons, trying to get a photo of the returned asteronaut for his newspaper. One touch from Victor Carroon’s hand leaves the man dead. Quatermass realizes that whatever extraterrestrial intelligence was encountered by the men aboard his rocket has come to Earth in Carroon’s body. Carroon goes missing, spirited away in a car and taken to an organized crime hideout that he is able to escape quickly with his deadly touch. All the while, he is mutating into a man with cactus-like skin…
Cast: Reginald Tate (Professor Bernard Quatermass), Isabel Dean (Judith Carroon), Duncan Lamont (Victor Carroon), John Glen (Dr. Gordon Briscoe), Hugh Kelly (John Paterson), Ian Colin (Detective Inspector Lomax), Frank Hawkins (Detective Sergeant Best), Paul Whitsun-Jones (James Fullalove), Oliver Johnston (News Editor), Philip Vickers (American Reporter), Katie Johnson (Miss Wilde), Lewis Wilson (Walters), Darrell Runey (Photographer), Jack Rodney (Ramsay), Anthony Green (Boy), Richard Cuthbert (Chemist), Leo Fox (Cinema Manager), Janet Joye (Cinemagoer), Bernadette Milnes (Usherette), Keith Herrington (Space Lieutenant), Pauline Johnson (Space Girl)
An Unidentified Species
August 15, 1953 June 5, 2016 Earl
Having plundered a drug store an ingested a mixture of chemicals that would normally be deadly to humans, astronaut Victor Carroon has gone missing. The Metropolitan Police, declaring the astronaut a national hero, call off the search for him. Carroon’s whereabouts are discovered soon enough: now a barely-humaniod mass of fungus, the being that was once Victor Carroon apparently took over a small island in a park. Quatermass now fears that the being may spread across Earth as an Earthly fungus would, by releasing spores. And in any case, the creature has now migrated…to the wall of Westminster Abbey.
Cast: Reginald Tate (Professor Bernard Quatermass), Isabel Dean (Judith Carroon), Duncan Lamont (Victor Carroon), Hugh Kelly (John Paterson), John Glen (Dr. Gordon Briscoe), Ian Colin (Detective Inspector Lomax), Frank Hawkins (Detective Sergeant Best), Paul Whitsun-Jones (James Fullalove), Richard Cuthbert (Chemist), Bernadette Milnes (Usherette), Christie Humphrey (Janet), John Stone (Ted), Frank Atkinson (Park Keeper), Reginald Hearne (Police Inspector), Wilfred Brambell (Drunk), Tony Van Bridge (Producer), Neal Arden (Commentator), Josphine Crombie (Secretary), John Kidd (Sir Vernon Dodds)
Notes: Beginning with this episode, the BBC began preceding episodes with content warnings advising that The Quatermass Experiment was not suitable for “children or people of a nervous disposition.” Unsatisfied with its experimental telerecording technique, the BBC only recorded the first two episodes of The Quatermass Experiment. This synopsis and the remainder of this guide to The Quatermass Experiment, out of necessity, is based upon the original scripts and remaining production paperwork.
Westminster Abbey and the area around it are evacuated as the creature progresses toward the stage at which it will release its spores. Quatermass’ lab experiments reveal that being touched by even a single spore would fully mutate any life form on Earth within minutes; if the being that was once Victor Carroon releases its spores, it is the end of all life on the planet. As preparations are made for military strikes and other frontal attacks on the creature, Quatermass gambles on appealing to the last remaining fragments of the consciousness of the three astronauts to resist the alien life form and tear it apart from the inside.
Cast: Reginald Tate (Professor Bernard Quatermass), Isabel Dean (Judith Carroon), John Glen (Dr. Gordon Briscoe), Hugh Kelly (John Paterson), Ian Colin (Detective Inspector Lomax), Frank Hawkins (Detective Sergeant Best), Paul Whitsun-Jones (James Fullalove), Tony Van Bridge (Producer), Josphine Crombie (Secretary), Neal Arden (Commentator), John Kidd (Sir Vernon Dodds), Keith Pyott (Cabinet Minister), Andrew Laurence (Major O’Neill), Peter Franklin (Sergeant), Kenneth Midwood (Policeman), Arnold Diamond (Man in Crowd), Rex Graham (Crowd), Cyril Saxon (Crowd), Lloyd Shirley (Crowd), Kobie Westone (Crowd), Langton Jones (Crowd), Nickola Starne (Crowd), Grace Webb (Crowd), Michele Clement (Crowd), Violet Perry (Crowd), Raymond Rollet (Crowd), Sheldon Allen (Crowd), Richard Hugget (Crowd), Charles Horsee (Crowd), Allan Cosley (Crowd)
Notes: Unsatisfied with its experimental telerecording technique, the BBC only recorded the first two episodes of The Quatermass Experiment. This synopsis and the remainder of this guide to The Quatermass Experiment, out of necessity, is based upon the original scripts and remaining production paperwork.
QuatermassBBC1, Season Finale
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Pullbox Reviews: James Bond Origin #1- The Boy Who Would be Bond… James Bond
Comic Reviews, Dynamite Entertainment, Pullbox Reviews
James Bond: Origin #1
Written by Jeff Parker
Art by Bob Q
Letters by Simon Bowland
Available 9-05-18
James Bond created by Ian Flemming
At last, the definitive account of James Bond’s exploits during World War II!
MARCH, 1941: Seventeen-year-old James Bond is a restless student in Scotland, an orphan, eager to strike out and make his mark on the world. But a visit by an old family friend coincides with THE CLYDEBANK BLITZ, the most devastating German attack on Scotland during the War. James will fight through hell to survive, coming out the other side determined to make a difference. He’ll find his calling in a new British government service, secret in nature…
The ongoing epic kicks off, by JEFF PARKER (Future Quest, Thunderbolts, Batman ’66) and BOB Q (The Green Hornet)!
In 1941, the world is being dragged into the second Great War. On March 13th, Scotland finds itself the latest victim of the growing conflict as German bombers drop Hell on and around the shipyards at Clydebank. Among those scrambling to find some degree of safety is a group of lads from nearby Fettes College, on an outing at those same shipyards under the guidance of Lt. Commander Ronald Weldon of Her Majesty’s British Royal Navy. Also present is one rebellious young student by the name of James Bond, facing the Blitzkrieg with none of the bluster and experience he’s famous for.
Bond. James Bond.
You’d have to look pretty hard to find someone with no idea of who that is. The name has gone far beyond the realm of fictional character, having gained a status of near mythical proportions. Much like the forging of an elite covert agent, that kind of lofty status doesn’t happen overnight. There’s always been talk of James’s past, speculation on the part of his legion of followers worldwide, and now Dynamite Entertainment has provided answers to the eternal question:
Who was James Bond?
Jeff Parker has worked up a narrative largely told from the perspective of Lt. Commander Weldon, an old friend of James’s father who’s taken an interest in the young man. Parker has imbued Weldon with all of the upper crust grit and gristle one would expect of a member of Her Majesty’s Navy, as well as the sense of personal responsibility for the welfare of the “untrained schoolboys” he’s unknowingly brought into harm’s way. It’s a great balance found by Parker, that of the old military man tasked with encouraging young men to sign up for military service in a time of war, and the feeling of accountability for those same actions- the conflict of recruiters worldwide. As to the main character, James himself, Parker introduces us to a young man brimming with confidence and potential, but only up to a point. In this story, Bond isn’t the experienced operator we’ve known for decades. So long as he’s within his comfort zone, at university dealing with bullies and overbearing professors, he’s very familiar. Safe. When faced with true, mortal danger, however, the self-assured dog of war we know is nowhere to be found as he looks to Lt. Commander Weldon, the man who is to become Bond’s mentor in military service, for guidance and reassurance.
Working in conjunction with Jeff Parker’s narrative is the excellent artwork put out by Bob Q (no idea if that’s any relation to the “Q” made famous in Bond’s lore, but it makes for an awesome little side note). Q’s style has a great quality to its action sequences, and despite Bond’s relative inexperience to the action-packed world of espionage there’s quite a bit of action to found in these early pages. We see that while young, Bond isn’t totally inexperienced in the art of self-defense, and Q has done an excellent job portraying the art of Judo as James lays the smackdown on the foreseeable university bullies. Also shown is the devastation of the town of Clydebank as the German bombers do their dirty work, and the frantic but determined activity of the people on the ground seeking shelter. Most importantly, at least in the context of what I think is the crucial aspect of this story, Q is able to show the two sides of a young James Bond. At first we’re given the brash lad, full of piss and vinegar in the face of authority. Then, in the face of danger and inevitably death, we see the cracks in that youthful confidence, the fear as James realizes that there’s more at stake than he could have anticipated. Overall, Q’s style isn’t particularly gritty, and I think it’s perfectly suited to the story being told.
Also falling into the realm of visual representation, Simon Bowland’s work as letterer does everything it’s supposed to. His dialogue, both spoken and in narrative text, gets everything laid out in the panel without interrupting or interfering with Q’s artwork. His work may not come across as flashy, but Bowland does a good job with the background sound effects. Whether it be the revving of a motorcycle engine, the pop of firearms, or bombs dropping from German airplanes as they hum overhead.
Dynamite has put out some great content adding to the 007 mythos, both in retconned stories set in modern times and going back to Bond’s true origins as a British Royal Marine in Her Majesty’s Service during World War II. This being the latter, I’m wholly on board with the story so far, and look forward to a deeper look into the boy who would be Bond.
Tags: Bob Q, Bowland, Dynamite Entertainment, James Bond, Jeff Parker, Origin Story, Parker
IDW BOOM! Studios Dynamite Entertainment Titan Comics Valiant Zenescope Dynamite Dynamite Entertainment Book News Dark Horse Archie Comics Secret Wars Pullbox Reviews Star Wars Comic Reviews Kindt Kickstarter Conventions Action Lab Boom Studios Action Lab DC Comics Mature Content Titan Aspen Comics Image Dark Horse Valiant Kickstarter BOOM! Studios Pullbox Previews Movies Comic News Independent comiXology Morelli Family Friendly Zenescope IDW Marvel Games Marvel Archie Comics C2E2 TV
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Interview | Photos | Quayle 2000, Inc. | FEC Filings | PAC Finances | The Dan Quayle Center and Museum | Transcript of Sept. 27 Remarks
Announced the end of his presidential campaign on September 27, 1999.
Dan Quayle, Republican, of Paradise Valley, Arizona.
Current Formally announced campaign for the presidency on April 14, 1999 (established presidential exploratory committee on Jan. 28, 1999).
Has a book, Worth Fighting For (Word Publishing), published in July 1999.
Trustee of the Hudson Institute since 1993.
Career Chairman of Campaign America political action committee 1995-Jan. 1999; campaigned on behalf of more than 175 Republican candidates in 35 states.
Distinguished Visiting Professor of International Studies at Thunderbird, the American Graduate School of International Management 1997-98.
Served on the board of Central Newspapers, Inc. 1993-Jan. 1999.
44th Vice President of the United States. Elected at age 41, served from 1989-93, chaired the National Space Council and the President's Competitiveness Council.
Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1980 at age 33, defeating three-term incumbent Birch Bayh; re-elected in 1986.
Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976 at age 29, and re-elected by a record margin in 1978.
Associate publisher of family newspaper, the Huntington Herald Press, and practiced law with his wife Marilyn in Huntington.
While attending law school at night, held several appointed state positions-- investigator for the Consumer Protection division of the Indiana Attorney General's office, administrative assistant to Gov. Edgar Whitcomb and finally Director of the Inheritance Tax Division of the Indiana Department of Revenue.
Activities Author, with Diane Medved, Ph.D., The American Family: Discovering the Values that Make Us Strong (1996, HarperCollins); Standing Firm (1994, HarperCollins).
Military Indiana National Guard, 1969-75.
Education DePauw University, B.A. in political science, 1969; law degree from Indiana University, 1974.
Family In 1972 married the former Marilyn Tucker. Three children: Tucker, Benjamin and Corinne.
Age 52 years old. Born February 4, 1947 in Indianapolis.
Bob Jones. "Round 2." World, June 19, 1999. >
Melinda Henneberger. "Starting Over." New York Times Magazine, April 4, 1999.
Tucker Carlson. "Dan Quayle Gets Serious." Weekly Standard, March 1, 1999.
Barbara Dafoe Whitehead. "Dan Quayle Was Right." Atlantic Monthly, April 1993.>
David S. Broder and Bob Woodward. 1992. The Man Who Would Be President. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Richard F. Fenno. 1989. The Making of a Senator: Dan Quayle. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly.
by Dan Quayle
with Diane Medved, Ph.D., The American Family: Discovering the Values that Make Us Strong-- HarperCollins, 1996.
Standing Firm--HarperCollins, 1994.
Remarks Announcing Candidacy "The Battle For Our Values Begins Today" at Huntington North High School in Huntington, Indiana--April 14, 1999. >
Vice President Quayle delivered his formal announcement speech in an elaborate rally at Huntington North High School gymnasium in his hometown of Huntington. Many area residents were recruited to help prepare for the big day. On April 14th four- to five-thousand sign-waving, cheering supporters, including many students, filled the gym. Almost every line of Quayle's speech seemed to be punctuated with cheers and yells. Quayle emphasized values, taxes and foreign affairs. As the transcript shows, he did not stick too closely to his prepared remarks.
"The Duty to Lead: America's National Security Imperative" at the Heritage Foundation, Washington, DC--January 12, 1999. >
In this speech delivered shortly before he announced he would run for president, former Vice President Quayle vowed to make national security a top priority on the public's agenda. Quayle highlighted three areas of concern: terrorism, weapons proliferation, and the drawing down of America's military. "Bill Clinton was handed the most favorable foreign policy cards of any incoming Administration since World War II. One by one, we have watched him fritter away the advantages he inherited," Quayle charged.
Copyright 1998, 1999 Eric M. Appleman/Democracy in Action.
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Tag: Rahab
“How Are the Mighty Fallen?” – A David Study, Part I
Author Fox_AdminPosted on July 13, 2019 July 13, 2019 Leave a comment on “How Are the Mighty Fallen?” – A David Study, Part I
[Image description: Photo is a close-up of the face and neck of Michelangelo’s David at an angle.]
Content notice: non-graphic discussion of rape and other forms of abuse
A few days ago, I wrote an epistle called “The Story Still Matters,” a rant about how hard it is for me as a Christian divinity student to use critical theory to interpret the Bible in fruitful ways without missing the stories themselves. To keep the stories alive, I’m going back to the Text. This is the first entry of a series about David as seen in 1 and 2 Samuel–the story of the rise and fall of a wildly charismatic, passionate, and often brutal king. Seriously, Samuel could be an HBO series.
In these posts, I will dig into who David is and the choices he makes, writing from my perspective as a queer Christian. I will use some theory to help me make sense of it over 2,000 years removed. And I will ask how a man with such faith and love can become so cruel and conventional as a ruler. How does this queer romantic hero, whose love for Jonathan is almost startling, become a tyrant, a rapist, and an enabler of rapists? What does his story say about the God that anoints him?
Can Christians learn something from David, especially about sex and sexuality? I believe we can, but it isn’t easy. Tools and background information can help. We need to start before David and even outside the Bible itself. Let’s think about the Christian communities that tell David’s story.
Most churches don’t talk much about sex in the Bible, especially mainline Protestant churches like mine. In fact, a friend once pointed out that fundamentalist churches often talk about sex more than mainline churches do. We’re getting more affirming of same-gender relationships and of gender diversity. We may have even done a study or two on the “Clobber Passages.” But we avoid talking about sex when we can (and we certainly don’t talk about the possibility of queerness in the Bible). We gloss over the passages where our ‘heroes’ (like Abraham and Sarah, and later David) are sexually abusive with barely a thought. We laugh nervously when anyone brings up Song of Songs, a book devoted to sexual pleasure. Academic classes have helped me to see that the Bible has a “multiplicity” of ideas about sex because it was written by many different people and that we get to choose whether we agree with any of them.
Take these two passages for example:
“…your desire shall be for your husband, and he shall rule over you” (Genesis 3:16).
“I am my beloved’s, and his desire is for me” (Song of Songs 7:10).
In Song of Songs (a.k.a. Song of Solomon or Canticle), we see luxurious sexual desire and love thwarted but never killed (Song of Songs 5:7). In Genesis, we see a cruel, enslaving desire, in a passage used over and over to hurt women (it can be interpreted in many ways). What variety!
David’s story is a microcosm of that variety, with issues like rape, adultery, polygamy, and homoerotic desire all rolled into one epic saga. The funny thing is, we often don’t even notice. Normally, we see the boy with the slingshot, the great warrior king, and the adulterer. We’re not socially equipped to see much else; we live in a society that likes to edit its heroes for our comfort. In doing so, we fail to explore huge chunks of these rich, strange stories even as we use them to inspire our own choices. That’s just tragic.
What about biblical background? To understand David, we need to understand Ruth, his grandmother. Let’s look back at the book of Ruth. If you’re feeling especially nerdy, I encourage you to attempt to draw a family tree for David (if not, I made one already :)).
When we read the book of Ruth, we learn that some of David ancestors were poor foreigners who did things to make ends meet that would be condemned in many churches. Naomi sends her daughter-in-law Ruth out to seduce Boaz and “uncover his feet” (Ruth 2:3-3:18). Most Christians never learn that in biblical Hebrew, feet are a euphemism for genitals. Professor Brittney Cooper reveals (heh) this topic delightfully in Unscrewed podcast episode #BlackChurchSex.
Long story short, Ruth doesn’t go to Boaz so that they can have a chaste courtship; she goes to have sex with him in hopes that it will save her and Naomi’s lives; women in that time and place depended on the provision of male relatives. It was not a fair system, but they did the best they could. Ruth loves Naomi, so she engages in scandalous sexual activity.
Before we look at David, who started with few options but eventually had many, let’s remember Ruth, Rahab (a sex worker), and other female ancestors whose choices were seriously limited by circumstance. Their bodies were treated like mere containers for the descendants of Abraham.
David enters the scene in this context. As I follow his journey and the choices he makes (as a sexual being and as a person in general), I will keep in mind the ancestors who made it possible for me to live. I’ll think about my ability to make choices that they never had in conversation with David’s choices, when he rises and when he falls.
Recommended Readings and Sources:
The Bible. I generally use the New Revised Standard Version because that’s what’s used in the academic world, but other versions are valuable too. I would urge readers to keep in mind that every English translation of the Bible reflects the biases of the translators (Ex: for clarity, why not translate ‘feet’ as genitals?).
Bird, Jennifer Grace. Permission Granted. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2015.
Hornsby, Teresa J. Sex Texts from the Bible. Woodstock: SkyLight Paths Publishing, 2007.
Weems, Renita. “The Song of Songs: Introduction, Commentary, and Reflections.” The New Interpreter’s Bible. Pages 363-373. Print.
I’ll work on finding more accessible sources as I go along!
Categories Non-Explicit EpistlesTags Bible study, Biblical interpretation, Boaz, David, Feminist theory, Historical-Critical Theory, Naomi, Queer theory, Rahab, Ruth, Samuel, Sexuality in the Hebrew Bible, Talking about sex in the Church, The Bible
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Bram Stoker Award-Winner Lisa Mannetti on Storytelling
Tags: Lisa Mannetti interview, historical fiction, horror fiction
Lisa Mannetti’s debut novel, THE GENTLING BOX, garnered a Bram Stoker Award and she was nominated in 2010 both for her novella, “Dissolution,” and a short story, “1925: A Fall River Halloween.” Her story “Everybody Wins,” which was included in the UNCOMMON ASSASSINS anthology, was made into a short film by director Paul Leyden, starring Malin Ackerman and released under the title Bye-Bye Sally. Lisa lives in New York.
What was your favorite (the most fun to write) section of THE NEW ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER AND HUCK FINN? Tell us a little bit about it.
Truly, my own cats, Tom and Huck, were such wilders and so much fun and so connected to me, I had a great time writing every part of the book and frequently found myself laughing out loud as I worked—both at them and what I was putting down on the page. But, if I had to choose a favorite section, I’d have to say it was the séance scene. Unquestionably, Tom’s braggadocio draws on the same giddy bravado displayed by Twain’s Hank in A CONNECTICUT YANKEE IN KING ARTHUR’S COURT—especially the scenes when he’s up against Merlin, and those moments in Twain always made me laugh, too. But Tom’s attempts at frightening the Chancery House guests, his description of the medium and his delight at their terror struck me as hilarious; and a critic or two concurred.
Here’s Tom’s take on Myra the medium and her lack of style—just before he lets loose and shows her how a séance ought to be conducted! Read More
Meet Bram Stoker Winner Lisa Mannetti
Tags: horror fiction, suspense fiction, historic fiction, Lisa Mannetti interview, Smart Rhino Publications
Lisa Mannetti’s debut novel, The Gentling Box, garnered a Bram Stoker Award, and she was nominated in 2010 both for her novella “Dissolution” and a short story, “1925: A Fall River Halloween.” She has also authored The New Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn; Deathwatch, a compilation of novellas—including the story “Dissolution”; a macabre gag book, 51 Fiendish Ways to Leave Your Lover; two nonfiction books; and numerous articles and short stories in newspapers, magazines, and anthologies. Her story “Everybody Wins” was produced as a short film by director Paul Leyden, starring Malin Ackerman and released under the title “Bye-Bye Sally”.
As an editor, I’ve worked with Lisa several times over the past year or so. She kindly agreed to the following interview.
Weldon Burge (WB): Your debut novel, The Gentling Box, won the Bram Stoker Award for Best First Novel in 2008. That’s like strapping on a jetpack and blasting off into a writing career. How has the award helped your career?
Lisa Mannetti (LM): Winning was the single most gratifying event of my life. Years earlier, when I began writing horror, I placed second in a contest at one of the World Horror conventions and when the publisher mentioned my story would probably “garner a lot of interest for a Stoker recommendation,” I practically passed out in front of the mailbox onto my front lawn. So winning such a prestigious award was beyond my wildest dreams. I always try to write my best, but I thought of the Stoker as a true pinnacle that might be always beyond my reach—so it wasn’t on my mind at all during the writing. My goal was getting the book published. Winning for The Gentling Box actually meant even more because two major agents could not sell it to any of the houses in New York. When it received acclaim, it signaled to me that my belief in the novel wasn’t misplaced after all. That’s really huge.
In terms of my day-to-day career, it’s helped smooth the way for subsequent books and projects, a new agent, and the publication of my work in general. In the old days, I’d write a story and sit down with lists of places that seemed like a “fit” with the piece, then start making the manuscript rounds. Now I’m asked to contribute to magazines and anthologies, so my stories are essentially sold before I write them. I’ve never felt like the prescribed theme was any kind of creative impediment--most editors have given me tons of latitude. Those invitations to contribute have been terrific. One of my stories, “1925: A Fall River Halloween” which features Lizzie Borden as a character, was nominated for the Stoker in 2010.
It’s also helped in subtler, but no less important ways, and a few examples come to mind. I’m now an active member of the Horror Writers Association (a long-term goal I finally met) and a new edition of the book will be coming out from Nightscape Press (I couldn’t be more delighted!). Most of all, it makes me very conscious when I sit down to write that it’s critical—imperative—to set high standards and (whether the result can be deemed successful or not) to strive to produce the very best work I can—or die trying.
WB: Much of your work might be considered historical horror. Do you enjoy doing the research required for these books?
LM: Oh my God, don’t get me started! Read More
What a fascinating interview. I especially enjoyed finding out about her historical research (and her mother's medical book!), the short story featuring Lizzie Borden, and her new Houdini idea.
- Lexa Cain
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Watch Wheelman (2017) Online
A getaway driver for a bank robbery realizes he has been double crossed and races to find out who betrayed him.
Director: Jeremy Rush
Actors: Caitlin Carmichael, Frank Grillo, Garret Dillahunt, John Cenatiempo, Shea Whigham, Slaine, Wendy Moniz
Tags:Added Today Movies 2017
Elephant White (2011)
An assassin is hired by a businessman to avenge the murder of his daughter by white slave traders in Thailand.
Genre: Action, Crime, Fantasy, Thriller
New World (2013)
An undercover cop has his loyalties tested when the boss of the corporate gang he’s spent years infiltrating dies.
Sharpe’s Revenge (1997)
Sharpe is framed as the thief who stole Napolean’s gold, and he must clear his name to avoid execution. Meanwhile his wife Jane – urged on by a friend –…
Genre: Action, Adventure, History, TV Movie, War
After Kick-Ass’ insane bravery inspires a new wave of self-made masked crusaders, he joins a patrol led by the Colonel Stars and Stripes. When these amateur superheroes are hunted down…
Country: Japan, UK, USA
K-9 (1989)
The extravagant cop Michael Dooley needs some help to fight a drug dealer who has tried to kill him. A “friend” gives him a dog named Jerry Lee (Officer Lewis),…
Jacob, a bank manager haunted by a violent heist that took the life of a coworker, teams up with his ex-cop neighbor, James, to bring down the assailant. While the…
Sniper: Assassin’s End (2020)
Special Ops sniper Brandon Beckett is set up as the primary suspect for the murder of a foreign dignitary on the eve of signing a high-profile trade agreement with the…
RockNRolla (2008)
When a Russian mobster sets up a real estate scam that generates millions of pounds, various members of London’s criminal underworld pursue their share of the fortune. Various shady characters,…
The Substitute (1996)
After he did some jobs for CIA, ex-marine John Shale is visiting his high school love Jane. She’s now a teacher in Columbus High School in Miami. Soon after his…
The Last Starfighter (1984)
A video game expert Alex Rogan finds himself transported to another planet after conquering The Last Starfighter video game only to find out it was just a test. He was…
Repo Men (2010)
In the future, medical technology has advanced to the point where people can buy artificial organs to extend their lives. But if they default on payments, an organization known as…
Genre: Action, Science Fiction, Thriller
Break Even (2020)
Trailer: Wheelman (2017)
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Liam Payne, Dua Lipa, Billy Idol, & More React To England's Advance in 2018 World Cup
After breaking their World Cup Penalty Kick losing streak with Columbia to go on to beat Sweden two-nill, England has advanced to the Semi-Final round in the 2018 World Cup. England fans rejoice, as "It's Coming Home" had begun as a joke, but it's becoming more like a reality. 'It's Coming Home'...
Will Smith + Shawn Mendes Join Ranks Of World Cup Anthems -- Full List!
In fashion true to World Cup theme songs, Nicky Jam, Will Smith, and Era Istrefi's "Live It Up" and Shawn Mendes' World Cup remix of his hit "In My Blood" hits every blood pumping, crowd jumping, and overall really exciting mark every World Cup anthem should.
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Celebs Who Dated NBA Players: Kendall Jenner, Rihanna & More
By Phoebe David Jul 29, 2020
It’s no secret that some of Hollywood’s most known couples helm from separate worlds. For example, take entertainment and sports figures. From Kendall Jenner and Devin Booker to Lala Vasquez and Carmelo Anthony, there’s a lengthy list of stars that have found romance with people from other walks of life. In honor of the kickoff of the NBA season on Thursday (July 30), iHeartRadio is celebrating the newest era in NBA with a look at the more private lives of some of its renowned players.
Gabrielle Union and Dwayne Wade met in 2009. They dated for four years and had a brief split before getting engaged. The couple gave their relationship another shot and on December 21, 2013 the three-time NBA champion proposed. They got married on August 30, 2014 in Miami. Gab and Dwayne have stood the test of time and proven that they are in fact relationship goals.
Vanessa Hudgens and Kyle Kuzma
Kyle Kuzma and Vanessa Hudgens were an item for a quick minute, but the pairing came after the latter's breakup from longtime boyfriend Austin Butler. That said, the two seemed to be casually enjoying each other's company. "She's enjoying his company and it's a great distraction for her right now," a source said in February of her connection with the LA Lakers star. "They talk often and have plans to see each other again, but she doesn't want to date him."
Winnie Harlow and Kyle Kuzma
Fast forward a few months later and it does seem as if Kuzma wants to take things to the next level with Winnie Harlow, or at least that's the way it looks on Instagram. Earlier this month, the former America’s Next Top Model star shared a photo of the two holding hands and it's clear that romance is in the air. He later shared photos of the star on his own account and you know what they say about love in 2020. It’s not official until it’s Instagram official.
Laura Harrier and Klay Thompson
Like many others, Klay Thompson and Laura Harrier couldn’t make it out of quarantine together. Thompson and Harrier were romantically linked in 2018, before seemingly calling it quits earlier this year. SportsGossip.com initially shared the news, indicating that the two had unfollowed one another and shots of the couple were no longer visible on Harrier’s account. After the news, a TikTok post went viral, with a woman claiming that she and friends spent time with the Warriors shooting guard when he was still in a relationship with Harrier.
Iggy Azalea and Nick Young
Iggy Azalea started dating Nick Young before the release of her album The New Classic. The couple got engaged after dating for a year and broke up the following year. Iggy caught Nick cheating on her with his ex girlfriend. Nick Young most recently played with the Golden State Warriors, then was signed to the Denver Nuggets where he was released twenty days later, he is currently retired.
Kehlani and Kyrie Irving
If you’re a fan of either of these two, you already know about their tumultuous history together. While they had been hit with plenty of cheating rumors, Irving went on to defend Kehlani even after they had split up. However, the singer didn’t stay quiet either and declared that she did not cheat on Irving. "No one was cheated on and I'm not a bad person..." she wrote in a statement to acknowledge her attempted suicide.
Kendall Jenner and Devin Booker
Kendall Jenner and Phoenix Suns’ Devin Booker are the talk of the town as fans continue to search for clues on Instagram that prove they’re still seeing one another. Back in June, a source told Us Weekly that the two were hooking up "but they're not serious.” Either way, it’s crystal clear that the model and NBA player are enjoying some road trips together. After a couple of outings this past spring, as well as a Fourth of July trip, the pair still appear to be spending time with one another. Earlier this month, the two shared almost identical photos on Instagram of what appeared to be Arizona mountains within days of each other.
Jordyn Woods and Devin Booker
Speaking of Devin Booker, the NBA player has also been romantically linked to an ex-Kardashian/Jenner associate: Jordyn Woods. Before the romantic pursuits got all tangled up, multiple sources revealed that Woods and Booker were definitely an item. In fact, the two, as well as Jenner and her then-boyfriend Ben Simmons, all went on a number of double dates in 2018. Booker and Woods "quietly split" before the latter's make-out session with Tristan Thompson though.
Kendall Jenner and Blake Griffin
Blake Griffin ended his relationship with former fiancé, Brynn Cameron, and started seeing Kendall Jenner soon after. They dated from August 2017 up to early 2018. Griffin was traded from the LA Clippers to the Detroit Pistons around the time his ex-fiancé filed a child support lawsuit against Griffin. The trade came as a relief for Kendall considering it was an easy out of the relationship and the drama.
Tinashe and Ben Simmons
Ben Simmons and Tinashe dated for a couple of months in 2018. Sources say the 76er developed a “close friendship” with Kendall Jenner while he was still going out with Tinashe.
Kendall Jenner and Ben Simmons
Ben Simmons and Kendall Jenner were on and off for a year before splitting up officially in May of 2019. On her Zaza podcast, Jenner spoke about how easily she can cool off on people she dates, especially if they’ve done something to turn her off from the relationship.
Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries
Kris Humphries popped the big question six months into dating Kim Kardashian. After a 90 day engagement they got married, then filed for divorce 72 days later. The couple proved that you can date, marry, and file for divorce all within one year.
Khloe Kardashian and Lamar Odom
Khloe Kardashian and Lamar Odom got married after dating for three weeks. The couple wanted to get hitched before the NBA season started. Following the wedding, they landed their very own reality tv show. They also made the big move to Dallas, Texas when Lamar signed with the Mavericks. Things got rocky after their return to Los Angeles. Lamar struggled with addiction and was rumored to have cheated on Khloe. Khloe officially filed for divorce on December 13, 2013.
Khloe Kardashian and Tristan Thompson
Tristan Thompson and Khloe Kardashian met through a mutual friend in 2016. Although they entertained the idea of having a baby while dating, the couple did not plan on getting married any time soon. In 2017, news of Khloe’s pregnancy got out. Two weeks after the exciting news, it was rumored that TMZ had footage of the Cleveland Cavalier kissing two other women. Messy! Before Khloe gave birth to baby True, multiple videos of Tristan appearing to cheat were released. Regardless of the drama, Khloe wanted Tristan to be there during the delivery. After continuing to see each other on and off, the couple allegedly split in February of 2019. Just when you thought it couldn’t get messier, Thompson reportedly kissed Kylie Jenner’s best friend Jordyn Woods during a party at his home.
Eva Longoria and Tony Parker
Eva Longoria and Tony Parker met in 2004 after a Spurs game. Despite splitting up for a brief moment, Parker popped the big question in 2006 and they got married in Paris. Although rumors of Parker cheating later surfaced, he denied even knowing the woman. In 2010 Longoria filed for divorce citing irreconcilable differences. Tony began dating someone else within the same year.
Teyana Taylor and Iman Shumpert
Iman Shumpert was rejected by Teyana Taylor a number of times when they met due to Teyana being in a relationship at the time. When Teyana found out no one was taking care of Iman during the time of his injury, she stepped in and they fell in love. They had baby Junie before getting married on October 1, 2016. In 2020, Taylor revealed her baby bump at the end of the music video for "Wake Up Love". This will be the couple's second child together.
Vanessa Williams and Rick Fox
Marriage doesn't always work for the cross-genre couples. Just ask Vanessa Williams and Rick Fox. The pair wed in 1999 during a getaway in the Caribbean, before having another ceremony in New York City that same year. They’d go on to welcome a daughter, Sasha Gabriella Fox, into the mix. Still, their romance only lasted so long and the two were divorced five years later. Interestingly enough, the former Lakers player reportedly filed the documents and made the announcement without even speaking to Williams. Thankfully, the two eventually made their way to good terms, with Fox even guest-starring as her on-screen romance during her stint on Ugly Betty.
Lala Vasquez and Carmelo Anthony
These two appeared to be a match made in heaven as their romance was chronicled on Lala's multiple VH1 series. Unfortunately, their dynamic just wasn't enough to keep them afloat after cheating rumors hit in 2017. In fact, Carmelo was even accused of fathering a child with another woman. The two split and reconciled in late 2018. While they’re reportedly no longer an item, they've been quarantined together to co-parent their son, Kiyan.
Ciara and Amar’e Stoudemire
Before starting her marriage and family with Seattle Seahawks quarterback Russell Wilson, Ciara briefly dated Miami Heat power forward Amar’e Stoudemire. During their 2011 romance, the pair kept things on the downlow, but it fizzled out quick. Just a year later, he went on to marry the mother of his four children, Alexis Welch.
Rihanna and J.R. Smith
Rihanna has had her share of public romances, but she reportedly “hooked up” up with J.R. Smith while he was still playing for the New York Knicks back in 2012. They’d go on to show some PDA at nightclubs in New York and Miami, but called it quits later that year.
Keri Hilson and Serge Ibaka
Keri Hilson has spent some time with professional athletes. After dating Toronto Raptors' Serge Ibaka from 2012 to 2016, the R&B singer went back on the market, only to get romantic with NFL wide receiver Ricardo Lockette. The pair split in 2017.
Photos: Getty Images, Instagram
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Former refugee an advocate for education
(Advocacy4oromia, 19 February 2017) Dammee Sero has come a long way, from a refugee camp in Kenya to be an award-winning student at Laurier Brantford.
Dammee Sero
Dammee, who is originally from Ethiopia, received a World University Service of Canada scholarship to study in Canada at Laurier. Students living in refugee camps can apply to the WUSC Student Refugee Program for a scholarship, with the funding donated by students at Canadian universities. Universities sponsor a student refugee.
The 25-year-old has been selected as a 2017 Education Champion by the Education WORKS Alliance, after being nominated by Fanshawe College.
Dammee, who is studying Human Rights & Human Diversity at Laurier, is an outspoken advocate for the power and importance of education.
“My motivation comes from the love I have for education, the encouragement and recognition I received,” says Dammee, who used to walk for more than an hour to attend school in Africa. “And, also, to make sure that my mom’s sacrifice wasn’t in vain.”
Dammee’s mother fled Ethiopia with her children in 2001, leaving to escape political persecution of their ethnic Oromo people – a persecution that still continues. Dammee’s father was a teacher and was jailed several times.
Dammee praises her mother, who passed away in 2015, for her caring and compassion, and wanting the best for her children.
The Laurier student moved with her family to the Kakuma refugee camp in 2002 when she was 10.
This past year, Dammee was one of 10 students in Canada to receive the 3M National Student Fellowship Award, which is given to college or university students who display outstanding leadership.
Having to leave Ethiopia and having lived in a refugee camp for 10 years, Dammee is very aware of what it means to lose something.
“Learning is the only thing that can never be taken away from you, and learning expands your horizon. It is amazing to see how it can turn your life around for the better,” she says. “So go for it. Learn and learn whenever you can. It is the best decision.”
Dammee has finished her BA at Laurier and will officially graduate this June. She is working part time as a research assistant on a project related to the wellbeing of women and girls. Future plans include doing a Master’s degree and attending law school.
Canada is now Dammee’s home and she plans to build a life here, though she can see herself returning to Africa to work on specific projects on a temporary basis.https://legacy.wlu.ca/homepage.php?grp_id=37
Source: http://www.simcoereformer.ca/2017/02/14/former-refugee-an-advocate-for-education?utm_source=addThis&utm_medium=addthis_button_facebook&utm_campaign=Former+refugee+an+advocate+for+education+%7C+Simcoe+Reformer#.WKkB4P-nVEh.facebook
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The FTC-Facebook Settlement
[x-posted at Stanford Cyberlaw blog]
Earlier today the FTC released the proposed settlement agreement it reached with Facebook.
When it comes to online-privacy investigations, 2011 has been a busy year for the FTC. The FTC has settled landmark cases with other tech giants, including Google and Twitter. These efforts weren’t exactly unexpected. Ever since David Vladeck was named head of the Consumer Protection Bureau, the agency has insisted that tech companies do more to protect consumer privacy than post lengthy, unreadable privacy policies. With various data privacy bills making their way through Congress, several agency white papers and reports expected, and increased public awareness of online privacy, it is not surprising that the FTC would investigate Facebook. After all, Facebook has been in the center of several high-profile privacy controversies in the past two years.
The FTC’s action arose from several high profile issues. First, the FTC accused Facebook of having “deceptive privacy settings” regarding Apps in 2009. These settings were alleged to misrepresent users’ ability to block third parties from accessing their data. Facebook App companies could access information not only from the user who downloaded the App, but also from that user’s friends, often without the friends’ knowledge or permission.
Second, the FTC also disapproved of Facebook’s November 2009 privacy policy revision that made some features of users’ profiles—including name, picture, city, and friends list—public by default. According to the FTC, Facebook didn’t properly notify users of the change, nor properly get their permission for it.
Third, the FTC charged Facebook with sharing user information with advertisers after promising not to do so. This prompted several privacy groups to file a complaint with the FTC in late 2009.
In the settlement, Facebook made no admission of guilt but agreed to a comprehensive privacy program to focus on privacy risks that develop as a result of future Facebook developments and to ensure the protection of user data. This program will be subject to third-party evaluations every two years for up to 20 years. The evaluations will examine Facebook’s measures to safeguard user privacy and the measures’ effectiveness.
Further, Facebook is required to inform users and obtain their consent for any sharing of information that “materially exceeds” the user’s existing privacy settings. Also, Facebook must develop of procedures to ensure deleted data or data from deactivated accounts cannot be accessed by third parties.
Readers will note similarities with previous settlements. Both Twitter and Google also have comprehensive programs for 20 years, with evaluations every two years. Together, these three companies will likely have no choice but to become privacy leaders. Others in the market already look to the largest companies to determine the “best-practices” in privacy. Start-ups appear to cut and paste privacy policies from these companies, in determining their own.
Now that these companies’ practices are also subject to FTC consent orders, their practices may increasingly take on the stature of “government blessed” best practices, perhaps even safe harbors. It’s too early to tell. But we’ll find out over the next 20 years.
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All praises Du
Two works by African-American artist John Edmonds are a divine homage to the du-rag, and part of the AGO exhibition Dawoud Bey, John Edmonds, Wardell Milan.
John Edmonds, Untitled (Du-Rag 3), 2017. Archival pigment print on Japanese silk, 150.5 x 107.5 cm. Art Gallery of Ontario, Purchased with the assistance of Art Toronto 2017 Opening Night Preview, 2017. © John Edmonds 2017/42.
Timeless fashion trends often involve the intersection of form and function. Du-rags are an iconic head/hair accessory that fit this narrative. In addition, they carry a deep cultural significance, designed to protect and preserve Black hairstyles. With his series Du-Rags, African-American artist John Edmonds highlights the divine and intimate materiality of these headdresses with unique portraiture printed on sheets of fine silk. Two of these works, Untitled (Du-Rag 1) and Untitled (Du-Rag 3), both from 2017, are part of the exhibition Dawoud Bey, John Edmonds, Wardell Milan at the AGO.
Born in Washington, D.C., in 1989, John Edmonds began practicing photography at just 15. He received his BFA in Photography from the Corcoran School of Arts & Design in 2012, and his MFA in Photography from the Yale School of Art in 2016. Not long after completing his MFA, Edmonds was publicly recognized by artists Carrie Mae Weems and Mickalene Thomas as an important emerging artist. This was for his series Hoods (2016 - 2018), which featured rear-facing, anonymous sitters in hoodies as a way of showcasing the complex and often stereotypical lens through which some view those who wear hoodies. Hoods was presented as a public installation outside Toronto's Metro Hall as part of the 2018 Scotiabank CONTACT Photography Festival.
Edmonds was inspired to create his acclaimed series Du-Rags not long after moving to his current home in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York. While walking on the street he passed a young man wearing a du-rag, and noticed the head wrap’s train fluttering in the wind from behind. In the series, much like Hoods, Edmonds photographs his sitters from behind, isolating the du-rag and making them the central element in each photograph. That way, as Edmonds has remarked, “The viewer has to look closer, look deeper, and the more you look into the image, the more you look within: at your own preconceptions, biases, or understanding of what it is a hood or a du-rag may signify.”
Two works from this series, Untitled (Du-Rag 1) and Untitled (Du-Rag 3), were acquired by the AGO in 2017. Du-Rags allows the viewer to appreciate the shiny, cascading material of the garment and notice its regal qualities, as well as the sensual intimacy of its form-fitting, soft fabric. Edmonds also aims to channel thoughts of divinity and sacredness in his depiction of du-rags, noting in a 2018 interview that the triangular composition of the photographs are reminiscent of “sacred geometry”. Both works are printed on large sheets of Japanese silk, meant to mimic the materiality of the du-rags themselves as well as reference the classic Christian symbolism of the Veil of Saint Veronica.
Though his career is still young, John Edmonds is already an acclaimed and widely exhibited artist throughout America and internationally, and is the recipient of numerous prestigious awards, residencies and accolades. His first solo museum show, John Edmonds: A Sidelong Glance, is now on view at The Brooklyn Museum.
Untitled (Du-Rag 1) and Untitled (Du-Rag 3) are part of Dawoud Bey, John Edmonds, Wardell Milan, located on Level 1 in the Robert & Cheryl McEwen Gallery (Gallery 129) at the AGO.
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Mechanical Drawing History
By: Erik Miley
technical elements image by pdtnc from Fotolia.com
How to Draw an Invention
Mechanical or technical drawing have existed since mankind first began to build. Though primitive by today's standards, ancient cultures as far back as the early Egyptians had developed a method for visually communicating building or mechanical designs. Throughout all of history, man has designed and constructed monumental feats of engineering using available technology. And many, if not all, of these feats employed some form of mechanical drawing to help make them a reality.
Ancient cultures once chiseled images into the faces of rocks. These are called petroglyphs and literally means 'rock inscriptions'. Ancient people would inscribe images depicting events or daily routines as a form of documentation. Images featuring buildings or monuments that were being built at the time were not uncommon. The primary problem with petroglyphs, however, was their inability to convey depth. Ancient Greek architectural drawings also lacked a sense of depth or perspective. These early drawings, though effective enough in their own time, had severe limitations, which were often compensated for by actually building structures that had improper dimensions to fool the eye.
It was not until the Renaissance that mechanical drawing was able to encompass all three dimensions. According to the laws of perspective, an object that is closer will appear larger than one that is farther away. Prior to the Renaissance artists and draftsmen had not yet managed to achieve this illusion within the two dimensional picture plane. The illusion of spatial depth and the scientific understanding that came with it made technical and mechanical illustration much more effective and allowed architects to more accurately depict the structures they intended to build.
The Industrial Revolution (1760-1850) was a period during which many technological advances were developed. Industrial and agricultural advancements in machinery and automated tooling emerged at an incredible rate. This created a need for even more precise mechanical drawing. designers needed to more accurately portray the working mechanical elements of increasingly complex systems of machinery. The advent of linear three point perspective improved upon the classical perspective invented during the Renaissance and allowed for tremendous advances in the technical and mechanical illustration fields. This is generally the period in which historians concede that graphic design was first invented.
"Cut-Away' View
In the late 1800s, a new form of mechanical drawing was introduced. This was known as the 'scientific cut-away' view. This form of schematic involved presenting a two-dimensional side elevation view of an object that had been drawn as if sliced cleanly in half down the center. cut-away views allowed the entire mechanism to be shown in profile with a detailed drawing of the internal working machinery inside also being depicted. This provided engineers with a better way of visually seeing how the internal components fit into the exterior casing of a machine or object. During the mid-1900s automobile manufacturers began to develop three-dimensional cut-away views. These accomplished the same basic goal as the two-dimensional views, but with the added advantage of viewing the object in a way which more closely resembled how we actually see.
In today's technology driven business environment, most mechanical drawing is done by computer. Though many industries may still rely on the occasional hand drawing, computer software is the primary medium used today. Programs which preform mechanical drawing functions include AutoCad, microstation, CorelDraw, Vector works or Adobe Illustrator. The principal benefit of these programs is that an object, once drafted in the program, can be turned and rotated on any axis with the click of a mouse. This allows a single illustration to be viewed from numerous angles.
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: The Industrial Revolution
Ethnic Paintings: Mechanical Drawing
Erik Miley is a graduate of Pennsylvania College of Art & Design where he obtained a Bachelor of Fine Art. He maintains a studio at his home in Falmouth, Pa. He has had several poems, articles and art reviews appear in various local publications, including his college newspaper 'The Easel', eHow, and the Tulane Review.
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“Perimeters of Pain,” The Times Literary Supplement, (July 26, 2013). (pdf)
“An Impertinent Discourse,” The Times Literary Supplement, (February 24, 2012), 7-8. (pdf)
“The Hills are Alive,” The Nation, (July 4, 2011), 34-37. (pdf)
“Before Macbeth,” The Times Literary Supplement, (April 22, 2011), 24. (pdf)
“Nature’s Ghosts,” The Nation, (May 10, 2010), 34-36. (pdf)
“Even Paranoids Have Enemies: Rumors of Levee Sabotage in New Orleans’s Lower Ninth Ward,” Journal of Urban History, 35 (July 2009), 627-639. (pdf)
“Freedom Road,” The Times Literary Supplement, (May 29, 2009), 3-5. (pdf)
“Forgetting to Remember,” Habitus, 4 (Fall-Winter 2008), 62-79. (pdf)
“For What?” The Times Literary Supplement, (July 25, 2008), 7. (pdf)
“Lincoln Before the Legend,” The Times Literary Supplement, (January 11, 2008), 27. (pdf)
“Boundary Issues: Clarifying New Orleans’s Murky Edges,” The Journal of American History, 94 (December 2007), 695-703. (pdf)
“Silent Witness,” The Nation, (September 10, 2007), web edition. (pdf)
“John Brown’s Bodies,” The Times Literary Supplement, (February 16, 2007), 3-4. (pdf)
“New Orleans’s Phantom Slave Insurrection of 1853: Racial Anxiety, Urban Ecology, and Human Bodies as Public Spaces,” in Andrew Isenberg (ed.), The Nature of Cities: New Directions in Urban Environmental History (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2006), 3-23. (pdf)
“Unnatural Disaster,” The Nation, (October 2, 2006), 32-36. (pdf)
“Cities of Gold: San Francisco and Denver Despoil their Hinterland,” Journal of Urban History, 32 (September 2006), 891-899. (pdf)
“Water Damaged: Disaster History in New Orleans and on the Gulf Coast,” Reviews in American History, 34 (June 2006), 222-230. (pdf)
“Nature Bats Last: Some Recent Works on Technology and Urban Disaster,” Technology and Culture, 47 (April 2006), 391-402. (pdf)
“In the Shadow of Disaster: Rebuilding in Harm’s Way,” The Nation, (January 2, 2006), 13-14. (pdf)
“From Cotton Port to Beach Town: The Lessons of Galveston’s 1900 Hurricane,” Slate, (September 23, 2005). (online)
“America’s Underclass Exposed,” The Christian Science Monitor, (September 12, 2005), 9. (online)
“City of Nature,” Slate, (August 31, 2005). (online)
“‘The Cat Became the Companion of the Crawfish’: The Struggle to Reclaim New Orleans’s Wetlands,” Historical Geography, 32 (Fall 2004), 157-180. (pdf)
“A Referendum on the River: The Mississippi Jetties Controversy,” Gulf South Historical Review, 19 (Fall 2003), 46-71. (pdf)
“Forests and Other River Perils: Henry Shreve, The Mississippi Steamboat, and Public Memory,” in Craig Colten (ed.), Transforming New Orleans and its Environs: Centuries of Change (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000), 45-63. (pdf)
“We Are the Valley: Environmental History Reaches for Much,” with D. Graham Burnett, The Times Literary Supplement, (January 21, 2000), 35. (pdf)
“Deadly Currents: John Ross’s Decision of 1861 Sheds Light on Race and Sovereignty in the Cherokee Nation,” Chronicles of Oklahoma, LXII (spring 1995), 80-103. (pdf)
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Arts Foundation
AFFAs
25th Anniversary Awards
The AFFA Archive
Rachael Champion (Sculpture, 2013)Primary ProducersHales Gallery, London, 2014
Rachael Champion
Fellow in 2013 for Sculpture
Rachael Champion (b. 1982, Long Island, New York, USA) makes site-specific artworks that explore the physical, material, and historical relationships between ecology, industry, and the built environment. Her works are large in scale and typically consist of living organisms and ubiquitous building materials. Her work addresses the corporeality of the materials we extract, transform, and consume and how these actions affect the physical characteristics of landscapes and ecosystems.
“I am contemplating materials beyond their physicality and into the realm of their origins in relation to Earth’s history. I aim to assert and express an interconnectivity between humans and the environment that has become paramount to communicate in the face of climate change.”
Champion’s work has been exhibited in a number of recognised institutions including The Whitechapel Gallery, Camden Arts Centre, Modern Art Oxford, Zabludowicz Collection, and Socrates Sculpture Park. She has made a number of site-specific installations in a variety of contexts including commercial galleries, artist-run exhibition spaces, and remote landscapes. Rachael is a graduate of the Royal Academy Schools. She is represented by Hales Gallery London / New York.
http://www.rachaelchampion.com/
https://www.instagram.com/rachaelchampionart/
Blackwall Reach Whitechapel Gallery, The London Open 2018
Discoverers of Onkalo Sarvisalo Finland, Zabludowicz Collection, 2017
Forced Landscape National Stone Centre, Wirksworth, Darbyshire, 2013
Primary Producers Hales Gallery, London, 2014
The Arts Foundation
Brighton Junction
1a Isetta Square
35 New England Street
BN1 4GQ
© Arts Foundation 2021
+(44) 01273 810231
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A WHISPER TO A ROAR
They will be heard
Film Overview
Organizations Supporting the Film!
Video / Pix
See FIlm
Film Brief:
A Whisper to a Roar tells the heroic stories of courageous democracy activists in five countries around the world – Egypt, Malaysia, Ukraine, Venezuela and Zimbabwe – who risk it all to bring freedom to their people. From student leaders to prime ministers and heads of state, these activists share their compelling personal stories of struggle, past and present, with their countries’ oppressive regimes. Shot over three years and finalized in July 2012 by award-winning filmmaker, Ben Moses, the film was inspired by the work of Stanford University’s Larry Diamond, author of “The Spirit of Democracy” and Director of Stanford University’s Center for Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law. The film was made possible by Prince Moulay Hicham of Morocco, a renowned public intellectual and democracy advocate, particularly in regards to the Middle East, and his Hicham Alaoui Foundation.
“The film is not only a riveting documentary, but also offers inspiration to people everywhere who seek to make governments accountable to the citizens they serve. The stories in “A Whisper to a Roar” demonstrate that democracy is a product of tremendous sacrifice, and we are all responsible for securing its promise for future generations.”
– Hillary Rodham Clinton
“This deft digest from the director Ben Moses is by turns shocking and inspiring…”
“In the case of the new documentary A Whisper to a Roar, democracy and the fight for freedom are not only moving, but also deeply personal, thought-provoking and inspiring.”
“An expertly drawn primer on the soft dictatorships that constrained five different countries and the peaceful revolutions that sought to expunge them.”
“An impressive array of archival news footage, enlightening interviews with activists, politicos, academics and journalists….”
“…the film should be well distributed on disc and easily accessed online, allowing dissatisfied citizens anywhere to draw lessons and hope from these five inspiring stories.
Foreign Language Versions:
Arabic Russian
Malaysian Ukrainian
Academic Version of “A Whisper to a Roar”
The academic version is now in the SPICE (Stanford University’s Program on International and Cross Cultural Education) catalogue. It includes a 50-page teacher’s guide, an academic version of the feature length documentary, a 16-minute background/introduction video and a CD-ROM with all the handouts and classroom materials a teacher would need.
© 2012 – 2019 Hicham Alaoui Foundation. All rights reserved.
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You are here: Home / Main Slider / United partner with talented artist
United partner with talented artist
September 23, 2020 /in Main Slider /by commercial
We are delighted to announce a new partnership with a talented Ayr United supporting artist, Steven McClure.
Until now Steven has been selling prints of the iconic Somerset Road End turnstiles on his website however these will now be exclusively available in our Club Shop, with 50 percent of all proceeds coming directly to the club.
Steven said: “As someone who’s supported the club since I was a wee boy, it’s always been my dream and ambition to help or be involved in some way.
“Ever since me and my friend, Richard Wilson, used to sell programmes around the ground, I’ve been hooked.
“I still get goosebumps every time I come here and it’s such a fantastic place to be around.
“The entrance to the ground with those turnstiles is a view known to so many and I wanted to capture it with this piece.”
Steven, who is based in Glasgow’s West End, is already working on his second piece – which will pay homage to the Somerset Road End itself.
He said: “In time I’ll look to do every part of the ground and fans can identify with their own part…whether it be they who stood there or their father, or their grandfather before them.”
Prints will be available in sizes A4, A5 and A6 size, which come mounted, signed and are priced £30, £22.50 and £15
https://ayrunitedfc.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/steven-mcclure-scaled.jpg 1704 2560 commercial https://ayrunitedfc.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Ayr-United-1.png commercial2020-09-23 16:05:072020-09-23 16:05:07United partner with talented artist
Hummel away kit in store now United add Finnish keeper
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B98.5’s Top 5 of 2020
December 31, 2020|Joel Carrasquillo|News
Let’s face it, 2020 was a tough year for all of us.
There are even stronger words to describe how it turned out: dumpster fire, challenging, exhausting— the list goes on. Like you, we’re glad to finally say goodbye to 2020, and enter a (hopefully) positive and rejuvenating 2021.
Despite the hardships, there were some good moments that happened this year.
To prove that, we compiled our individual favorite things about 2020, and arranged them in a “Top 5” list.
Top 5 Albums- Joel
5. Dua Lipa- Future Nostalgia
Photo: Future Nostalgia/ Warner Records
The 1st time I heard “Don’t Start Now,” I knew that Dua’s sophomore album was going to be fantastic. Lo and behold, Future Nostalgia was released in April, and I was proven right. It’s an album full of groove, 80s-tinged pop/ disco, and songs that’ll make you bust out those dance moves.
4. Machine Gun Kelly- Tickets to My Downfall
Photo: Tickets to My Downfall/ Interscope Records
Maybe Machine Gun Kelly getting dissed by Eminem was beneficial for his career. Tickets to My Downfall is a departure from MGK’s rap sound— showcasing a pop punk, guitar driven sound— and it blew me away! As a fan of pop punk, MGK knocked it out of the park on this album. This is a style that he was destined to perform, and hopefully he sticks with it on future projects. If you love early-mid 2000’s pop punk/ emo music reminiscent of Fall Out Boy, and Blink-182, you’re in for a treat.
3. Bring Me The Horizon- Post Human: Survival Horror
Photo: Post Human: Survival Horror/ Colombia Records
How about a metal EP to shake up this list? Bring Me The Horizon is a metal band from England who are known for evolving musically on each album. Over the years, they have incorporated an array of influences, such as electronica, pop, hip hop, classical music, and nu metal. Post Human: Survival Horror is a return to the band’s heavy sound featured on past releases, and it doesn’t miss the mark. What’s cool about this EP is that it was written and recorded during lockdown, and features excellent collaborations from artists such as Yungblud, and Amy Lee of Evanescence.
2. Movements- No Good Left to Give
Photo: No Good Left to Give/ Fearless Records
From California alt-rocker’s Movements, No Good Left to Give is an emotional masterpiece. Not only was the musicianship a major highlight of the record for me, but the poetic and honest lyrics by vocalist Pat Miranda. No matter what kind of music you listen to, this is an album that will resonate with you. It’s atmospheric sound will pull you in, and it’s themes of mental health, love, and devastating loss are easily relatable.
1. All Time Low- Wake Up, Sunshine
Photo: Wake Up, Sunshine/ Fueled By Ramen Records
Behold! My favorite album of 2020. Wake Up, Sunshine is one of those albums that’s vibrant, and is perfect to play during a summer drive to the beach. It’s a fine balance of their signature pop punk sound, and pop rock with a modern twist. Their #1 radio hit, “Monsters” is also featured on this album, which will surely be a live staple when live shows *hopefully* return in 2021.
Top 5 Pop Culture Moments- Joey B
5. The War Against Tik Tok
Do you remember that Tik Tok was almost BANNED in the US?? Yeah, that was an actual story line this year, and it was supposed to be official in November if the China based company couldn’t find a US buyer. It didn’t find one, but it didn’t go anywhere. Tik Tok won the war against Tik Tok and is more popular than ever. Just ask the D’Amelio’s and Doggface, the cranberry juice guy.
4. Prince Harry and Meghan Markle Abdicating from the Royal Family
In-laws can be a handful, am I right? Well, no one learned that more than actress-turned-duchess, Meghan Markle. The tabloids loved pushing stories about how the royal family didn’t exactly approve of Meghan, but no one expected it to lead to a break up. Not between Meghan and Harry, but between the couple and the royal family.
3. Tiger King
Only in 2020 can a Netflix documentary about Tigers, questionably legal animal exhibits, and a botched assassination become a national sensation. Tiger King did just that. The whole word fell in love with a terrible human named Joe Exotic. But as terrible as he was, he was that much more entertaining. Yes, it’s possible that the quarantine just starting around the U.S. and no sports being on TV played a big role in Tiger King’s popularity, but it left a stamp on pop culture that will last a long time.
Sports in 2020 were something else. There will be a page in future history books with a picture of a baseball stadium full of cardboard cutouts in the 2020 chapter. The world was watching professional sport teams play each other in front of no fans. The NHL held the Stanley Cup playoffs in two different “bubble” cities. The NBA rented out Disney world to play their playoffs and championship. There were days with 5-10 different games on from three different leagues (NHL, NBA and MLB). It was like the Olympics but with the mainstream professional sports. I don’t know if we’ll ever experience that level of sports overload again.
1. Grogu (Baby Yoda)
Yes, the Mandalorian premiered on 11/12/2019, but its popularity soared in 2020, especially with season 2 premiering. But despite how amazing the show is, all eyes were on Baby Yoda (real name Grogu, you should know that by now). The world hasn’t fallen in love with a fictional character like this since the Minions (and I dare say Grogu is a bigger sensation). He was in every meme, he’s still everywhere on the internet. The world loves Baby Yoda, and so do I.
Top 5 Viral Songs From TikTok- Lenny
Here are Lenny’s favorite TikTok songs of the year, all of which have been played on the station!
5. “ROXANNE”– Arizona Zervas
4. “Supalonely”– BENEE feat. Gus Dapperton
3. “Roses (Imanbek Remix)”– SAINt JHN & Imanbek
2. “LAXED (SIREN BEAT)”– Jawsh 685
1. “Savage”– Megan Thee Stallion
Top 5 Songs- Rashaud
5. “Dynamite”– BTS
For years, BTS have been unable to crossover to pop radio. Their collaborations with Halsey, Nicki Minaj and Lauv failed to climb the charts. But it was their first all-English single that helped broaden their audience. The up-tempo bop from the world’s biggest band ticked off all the boxes of a traditional pop song. Now that they found a formula that seemingly works, will they stick to it or switch it up in 2021?
4. “Watermelon Sugar”– Harry Styles
Taste like strawberries! From Harry’s first note to the infectious chorus, no doubt this hit was as destined to be song of summer. Despite having to cancel his tour due to the pandemic (I was looking forward to Harryween), Harry was still able to leave his mark on 2020 with his music and now-infamous Vogue magazine cover.
3. “WAP”- Cardi B feat. Megan Thee Stallion
It topped the list of Google’s most searched lyrics of 2020 and for all the right reasons (or wrong depending on who you ask). Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion’s Frank Ski sampled collab was a pop culture moment. The sexy lyrics, eye-popping video and of course the backlash put this song on the list. Although we have yet to get a follow up, I’m sure it’ll have everyone talking.
2. “Don’t Start Now”– Dua Lipa
Things could’ve gone either way for Dua Lipa. After the success of New Rules and her Grammy win for best new artist, all eyes were on her follow-up. When she released disco influenced Don’t Start Now, it brushed off rumors of a sophomore curse. This song also earned Dua the title of “Quarantine Queen” thanks to her prophetic lyrics “don’t show up, don’t come out.”
1. “Blinding Lights”– The Weeknd
There’s no way you escaped 2020 without hearing “Ooooo I’m blinded by the lights”. The Weeknd’s 2nd single from his After Hours album proved to be one of the biggest songs of the year. Which made it all the more strange when we was snubbed by the Grammys. Luckily in 2021 we’ll have his Super Bowl halftime performance and if the universe wants to throw new music our way, we’ll take it.
← Ratatouille: The Tiktok Musical’s All-Star Cast
Six Flags Extends Holiday in the Park Drive-Thru Experience →
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bertberger.com
writer's page for stories blogs articles, short stories, daily comments
A Short Story – A bruising Encounter –
A Short Story – A Risky Career
A Short Story – An Unwanted Incident
A Short Story – Cattle Rustling and how to Catch the Thieves
A Short Story – Dracula is Alive
A Short Story – Facing the Truth!
A Short Story – My Grandmother’s Education and Life – Part One
Books: Asset Strippers
Books: Diplomats and Mercenaries
Passing Thoughts : Coffee anyone?
Passing Thoughts : The Problem with the new Elite
Passing Thoughts: Do we have an Identity Crisis?
Passing Thoughts: The End of the Study of the Humanities?
(1546-2 Words)
The core of studies and research at a classical university, what the Germans call “Geisteswissenschaften,” which has been poorly translated as the humanities, are gently being removed from universities in the United States. History, languages, literature, sociology, ethnology, political thought, and philosophy, the subjects which since the Renaissance have been the essence of learning, are no longer in fashion. They are not seen as essential or at the heart of the educational processes that result in critical analysis and examination of events and issues.
Yet, these fields of study and research were the origins of modern science since they provided students with the ability to critically examine thoughts, ideas, and arguments. They enabled the researcher and student to replace dogma and ideology with critical discussion and create reflective and orientation science. That framework allows an individual to form his opinion about events and processes.
When such competence is diminished in a society, individuals become more vulnerable to opinion manipulation through fake news. They inevitably become helpless victims of streams of information and disinformation propagated through social networks. They are making it easier for demagogues to convince their followers and the electorate about their political goals’ infallibility and righteousness.
The research areas known as MINT subjects, natural sciences, economics, accounting, law, and business studies have always had a strong basis in universities in the New World. One of the historical reasons was the need to supply the economy with skills that could be used and had a direct utility in the new world’s technologically expanding environment. A critical examination of society was not desired. The study of history was reduced to oversimplification and a glorification of past events strengthening the ruling elite. MINT subjects do not provide answers to the intricate changes in society. Mathematical algorithms offer little to explain the advance of fundamentalist Islam or, for that matter, fundamentalist Christianity, or the basis of how to organize the administration of a state. They also offer few arguments to explain or react to the claim to global hegemony by China and other nations in Asia.
The general argument of students and academics of MINT courses is that the economy requires engineers, numerical analysts, and observers and recorders like accountants to construct data mining and artificial intelligence infrastructure. It is thought that the libertarian state where more and more functions are handed over to private, for-profit organizations no longer requires administrators who have a thorough understanding of the processes of the state itself. Contributing to this problem is that there have always been deep disagreements about the functions of the state in the New World. Amongst Anglo-Saxons, there has always been a conviction that the state should stay clear of regulatory structures and interference into its citizens’ liberty. That is opposed to arguments about the complexity of the problems, activities, global dimension and the growth of non-governmental organizations that touch and interfere with individual lives required a better understanding of the forces and power structures with which we are confronted.
The required skills for an understanding of the effects of actions and the inherent power structures of organizations, teamwork, interaction, thinking out of the box, and critical reflection are not areas where the study of engineering, biology, computer analysis, accounting, mass communication and their fundamental areas of expertise are strong. A complete immersion into the use of language, cultural exchanges, philosophy, and a thorough understanding of the critical social arguments in history and political thought shows their strengths and have their applications.
There have always been cycles for the demand of graduates from specific preferred subjects. The humanities tended to follow the levels of economic activity. When unemployment was low and economic activity high, graduates from the humanities were in high demand, while in tough economic times, humanity graduates had difficulty finding jobs. In general, these cycles also coincided with budget variations for public education at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. In the USA, budgetary savings in education were always made first on what was seen as the subjects of the left, the humanities. There is a parallel to removing the control mechanism in administration and sacrificing the ombudsman due to the first budget cut.
Amongst conservatives, there is a quick answer to the demise of the humanities. They maintain that the socio-politically left inspired academic leaders have expanded the studies into exotic and peripheral areas such as the critical analysis of gender and ethnic studies and similar fields, seen by conservatives as peripheral to the real problems that need to be studied. It is also maintained that the deconstruction of truth in the study of the humanities with its obsession for and influence from French postmodern philosophy, as represented by Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) and others, is too far removed from the experience and reality of the average American. They conclude that universally, the study of the humanities is irrelevant to the life and professional development of said Americans.
In the New World, dominated by analytical philosophy and thinkers like Derrida, it is mostly present in literature. His dominant interest in language and his association with literary critics from the North East had a significant impact but was instantly derided by conservatives. However, his deconstructivism went much further than literature and touched architecture, music, and general art criticism. That was hardly relevant to the simplistic view where the target was not the humanities per se, but rather the critical thought inherent in the societies. There is little doubt that the increasing political one-sidedness in universities’ humanities in the North East and California frightens students coming from the ultra-conservative, often quite fundamentalist Christian backgrounds of the Midwest and the South of the USA.
The humanities’ prestige was enhanced and received a boost during the period of Romanticism up to the First World War. When the encounter with literature, art, and music increasingly played the role of secular religion for civil societies that emerged from the Enlightenment. Several new academic subjects accompanied the aesthetic experience. In the German-speaking world, these subjects were grouped into departments as Geisteswissenschaften, and their study became especially prominent at the Humboldt University in Berlin. Their establishment was the intellectual reaction and self-assertion to a crisis, caused primarily by competition with the natural sciences’ intellectual domination. Natural sciences were the subjects that initiated and supported the rapid industrialization and technological leadership of the 18th and 19th centuries. The ideas generated and expanded since the age of Enlightenment, the core of the humanities, had to counterbalance by establishing itself in the ivory towers.
The subjects, such as the study of music, art, literary history, philosophy, sociology, and social interaction, became an essential part of the universities’ ivory towers, resulting in their version of the interpretation of science. Though the political realities of the time, the German economic collapse at the end of the first world war, and the increasing intellectual influence of Marxism following the triumphant Russian revolution of 1917 and its reaction increased the humanities’ ideological domination. The rise of the new religion claimed the superiority of the international proletariat’s ideas by creating a whole range of cultural monuments in its support. It was soon confronted by the strong defenders of other totalitarian values. These searched the truth in return to ancient and historical traditions claiming the imaginary superiority of races, which had been the cornerstones during industrialization. They formed the basis of the political and social structures that led to an ultimate disaster from which a new polarization with a less definable truth emerged.
The polarization of political views during the second half of the 20th century in most Western countries has made many people realize no truth. It is for many a notion that is developed and discarded in an endless loop of social dialogue, scientific assertion, or falsification and very often just an expression of a trend in fashion. Truth is never absolute; it is always historical. It depends on its time and religious and political views. The new Jacobins, who are in their intolerance, truly loyal followers of Robespierre, have a general aversion to express moderate views. They interpret this as halfhearted, inconsistent, and incompatible with their view of the world. The constant intellectual challenges inherent in the humanities are not what they deem acceptable in their world order.
But then, if a society only allows one truth, it will inevitably lead to denominational wars. And have we not had enough of that during the 16th, 17th, and 20th century? Every society has to decide whether it wants to live with its one irrefutable truth. Alternatively, it could choose to live in peace, but that might be more intellectually challenging and considerably more difficult.
The conservatives do not want the humanities because they challenge their fundamental beliefs and look critically at their basic arguments. It is the believes in which they built their worldview. It is not a question of left or right, though conservatives want to make the rest of the world see it that way. We should not have to go back to the fundamental and unchallenged truth to which they maintain. The tremendous intellectual and critical benefits which the humanities have brought to the understanding of man’s interaction are being, yet again, discarded to the pyre of ignorance.
©2020 ajs – Bert Berger (1546-2)
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10 Must-See 2019 Summer Movies Guaranteed to Be Blockbusters
by Macaire Douglas May 15, 2019
"Spider-Man: Far From Home" (Image courtesy of Sony Pictures.)
Arrange your summer plans accordingly: the box office is going to be heating up with a truckload of highly-anticipated blockbusters this year. Highlights include live-action remakes from Disney, the return of our friendly neighborhood Spider-Man, the resurgence of Godzilla, and even a new chapter from our favorite Pixar toys.
With all the major studios vying for your movie dollars (seriously, the summer schedule is packed), how do you decide which blockbusters to see? We rounded up a list of the movies we are most excited about; here’s a preview, in order of release date.
How could you not be excited about Disney’s new live-action “Aladdin”? With Guy Ritchie directing, Will Smith reprising Robin Williams’ iconic role as the Genie, and a live-action magic carpet ride? We will be first in line to see this movie. Plus, the original composer of the songs and score, Alan Menken, returns for the soundtrack, so you know the music is going to be legendary.
“Brightburn“
This is not your typical superhero movie. What if Superman chose to use his powers for evil? “Brightburn,” starring Elizabeth Banks, will explore a new genre: superhero horror. Bring a date so you have a hand to squeeze during the most chilling moments.
Godzilla is back and this time he brought some mythical friends. Humanity will hang in the balance, as it usually does in “Godzilla” movies, and you know this one will be a visual thrill ride to watch. The movie stars Millie Bobbie Brown (“Stranger Things“), who is no stranger to science fiction, and Kyle Chandler and Vera Farmiga.
X-Men fans, prepare for your “Endgame.” The new movie in the expansive X-Men franchise tells the story of Joan Grey, played by Sophie Turner, as she evolves into the Dark Phoenix. It is already being billed as “the most intense and emotional X-Men movie ever made.” There has also even been speculation that with Disney’s acquisition of 20th Century Fox, this film could open the door to bridging the gap between X-Men and the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Fans of the MCU will love the genius casting of Chris Hemsworth and Tessa Thompson as MIB agents in London. From director Steven Spielberg, this new adventure will see the agents not only fighting against other-worldly aliens, but also a mole within the agency. The film also stars Emma Thompson as Agent O (aka the boss), and you know we are all about the #girlpower.
Grab your tissues, because your favorite animated toys are back. And this time they brought a … Spork named Forky? Yes, Woody, Buzz, and crew will help Bonnie’s new reluctant friend learn his place in their group as well as some valuable life lessons along the way. Also noteworthy — Bo Peep will be making a triumphant return after being absent from “Toy Story 3,” and she’s got a new look and more character depth.
Thank goodness for Spider-Man, because we can hardly wait for another MCU fix after the epic showdown of “Avengers: Endgame.” “Spider-Man: Far From Home” picks up right where “Endgame” left off, and without giving away any spoilers, Spider-Man is going on a European vacation. The film will introduce some new characters too, like Jake Gyllenhaal’s Mysterio. Now only if we could figure out if he will be a friend or foe…
It feels like we’ve been waiting forever for this movie since they announced that Beyonce would be cast in the live-action remake of Disney’s classic “The Lion King.” Directed by Jon Favreau, it’s more like a “photorealistic” remake, but we are not complaining. With an expertly curated cast including Donald Glover, Seth Rogen (Pumbaa!), and the return of James Earl Jones, this promises to be the biggest family-friendly blockbuster of the summer. Elton John even reworked some of his award-winning music before his retirement.
Quentin Tarantino assembled a heartthrob dream cast featuring Leonardo DiCaprio and Brad Pitt for his ninth film. If the actors alone don’t get you into the theater, the plot should. The film centers around a film-actor and his stunt double seeking fame during Hollywood’s golden age. It also takes place during the time of the murders by members of the Manson Family, with Margot Robbie playing Sharon Tate.
The Rock is back again in the first stand-alone film from the “Fast & Furious” franchise. You know there will be epic stunts, cringe-worthy one-liners, and threats against the earth that only two outcasts can fix. Whether you love or hate the genre, this blockbuster action movie is a blast to watch.
entertainmentmoviessummer
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New report helps shed light on who the Shadow Brokers might be
By Yoni Heisler @edibleapple
Earlier this month, a piece of ransomeware known as WannaCry began spreading quickly across the globe and promptly commanded the world’s attention. Once WannaCry took hold of a machine, it encrypted all of a user’s files and demanded a payment of $300 in Bitcoin in order to retrieve them. Thankfully, an enterprising security researcher managed to inadvertently activate WannaCry’s kill-switch, and in the process, helped stopped it from infecting even more machines. By the time the dust settled, it’s believed that WannaCry infected more than 300,000 computers across more than 150 different countries.
What made WannaCry so interesting is that it was based off of an NSA exploit that was released by a murky and hyper-secretive hacking collective known as the Shadow Brokers. Indeed, just four weeks before WannaCry began to make headlines, the Shadow Brokers released a huge cache of NSA hacking tools and exploits for anyone to pore over and use. In the wake of WannaCry, the Shadow Brokers have promised to release even more NSA exploits in the future. According to a statement the group posted online two weeks ago, the new exploits will be made “as part of a new subscription-based service” it plans to launch in June.
With the Shadow Brokers thrusting themselves into the global spotlight, it’s rather impressive that no one quite knows who the group is or even where they might be located. In an effort to shed some light on the group, The Atlantic recently ran an in-depth piece detailing a number of possible explanations surrounding the group’s identity. And while all we can really work with at this point are educated guesses, the piece still provides a helpful look at how and when the Shadow Brokers came to attract so much attention.
The report does an impressive job of tracking the early beginnings of the hacking group while also explaining ways in which the group may have come into possession of the NSA’s hacking tools to begin with. Interestingly enough, the report relays that the exploits in the Shadow Brokers’ possession are so varied that they likely come from different “sources at the NSA.”
After explaining why the Shadow Brokers are unlikely to be a group of whistleblowers or even random hackers, the report turns its attention towards nation-state actors.
That leaves a nation state. Whoever got this information years before and is leaking it now has to be both capable of hacking the NSA and willing to publish it all. Countries like Israel and France are capable, but would never publish, because they wouldn’t want to incur the wrath of the U.S. Country like North Korea or Iran probably aren’t capable. (Additionally, North Korea is suspected of being behind WannaCry, which was written after the Shadow Brokers released that vulnerability to the public.) As I’ve written previously, the obvious list of countries who fit my two criteria is small: Russia, China, and—I’m out of ideas. And China is currently trying to make nice with the U.S.
But the problem with the Russia theory is, why? These leaked tools are much more valuable if kept secret. Russia could use the knowledge to detect NSA hacking in its own country and to attack other countries. By publishing the tools, the Shadow Brokers are signaling that they don’t care if the U.S. knows the tools were stolen.
Interestingly enough, the report suggests that the treasure trove of NSA hacking tools may have originated from an NSA leak that we don’t know much about. Bolstering this assertion, the report cites this excerpt from a late-2016 Washington Post article
But there was a second, previously undisclosed breach of cybertools, discovered in the summer of 2015, which was also carried out by a TAO employee, one official said. That individual also has been arrested, but his case has not been made public. The individual is not thought to have shared the material with another country, the official said.
Again, there’s no clear-cut answer as to who the Shadow Brokers actually are, but The Atlantic piece does a thorough job of running through all of the possibilities.
Tags: cybersecurity, NSA, The Shadow Brokers
A life long Mac user and Apple enthusiast, Yoni Heisler has been writing about Apple and the tech industry at large for over 6 years. His writing has appeared in Edible Apple, Network World, MacLife, Macworld UK, and most recently, TUAW. When not writing about and analyzing the latest happenings with Apple, Yoni enjoys catching Improv shows in Chicago, playing soccer, and cultivating new TV show addictions, the most recent examples being The Walking Dead and Broad City.
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Picking Grain on the Sabbath. 1* At that time Jesus was going through a field of grain on the sabbath.a His disciples were hungry and began to pick the heads* of grain and eat them.b 2When the Pharisees saw this, they said to him, “See, your disciples are doing what is unlawful to do on the sabbath.” 3He said to them,* “Have you not read what Davidc did when he and his companions were hungry, 4how he went into the house of God and ate the bread of offering,d which neither he nor his companions but only the priests could lawfully eat? 5* Or have you not read in the law that on the sabbath the priests serving in the temple violate the sabbath and are innocent?e 6I say to you, something greater than the temple is here. 7* If you knew what this meant, ‘I desire mercy, not sacrifice,’f you would not have condemned these innocent men. 8* g For the Son of Man is Lord of the sabbath.”
The Man with a Withered Hand. 9h Moving on from there, he went into their synagogue. 10And behold, there was a man there who had a withered hand. They questioned him, “Is it lawful to cure on the sabbath?”* so that they might accuse him. 11* He said to them, “Which one of you who has a sheep that falls into a pit on the sabbath will not take hold of it and lift it out? 12How much more valuable a person is than a sheep. So it is lawful to do good on the sabbath.” 13Then he said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He stretched it out, and it was restored as sound as the other. 14But the Pharisees* went out and took counsel against him to put him to death.i
The Chosen Servant.* 15When Jesus realized this, he withdrew from that place. Many [people] followed him, and he cured them all,* 16but he warned them not to make him known. 17This was to fulfill what had been spoken through Isaiah the prophet:
18“Behold, my servant whom I have chosen,j
my beloved in whom I delight;
I shall place my spirit upon him,
and he will proclaim justice to the Gentiles.
19He will not contend* or cry out,
20A bruised reed he will not break,
a smoldering wick he will not quench,
until he brings justice to victory.
21And in his name the Gentiles will hope.”*
Jesus and Beelzebul.* 22k Then they brought to him a demoniac who was blind and mute. He cured the mute person so that he could speak and see. 23* l All the crowd was astounded, and said, “Could this perhaps be the Son of David?” 24* m But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, “This man drives out demons only by the power of Beelzebul, the prince of demons.” 25n But he knew what they were thinking and said to them,* “Every kingdom divided against itself will be laid waste, and no town or house divided against itself will stand. 26And if Satan drives out Satan, he is divided against himself; how, then, will his kingdom stand? 27And if I drive out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your own people* drive them out? Therefore they will be your judges. 28* o But if it is by the Spirit of God that I drive out demons, then the kingdom of God has come upon you. 29* How can anyone enter a strong man’s house and steal his property, unless he first ties up the strong man? Then he can plunder his house. 30* p Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does not gather with me scatters. 31q Therefore, I say to you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven people, but blasphemy against the Spirit* will not be forgiven. 32And whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven; but whoever speaks against the holy Spirit will not be forgiven, either in this age or in the age to come.
A Tree and Its Fruits. 33r “Either declare* the tree good and its fruit is good, or declare the tree rotten and its fruit is rotten, for a tree is known by its fruit. 34* s You brood of vipers, how can you say good things when you are evil? For from the fullness of the heart the mouth speaks. 35A good person brings forth good out of a store of goodness, but an evil person brings forth evil out of a store of evil. 36* t I tell you, on the day of judgment people will render an account for every careless word they speak. 37By your words you will be acquitted, and by your words you will be condemned.”
The Demand for a Sign.* 38Then some of the scribes and Pharisees said to him, “Teacher,* we wish to see a sign from you.”u 39He said to them in reply, “An evil and unfaithful* generation seeks a sign, but no sign will be given it except the sign of Jonah the prophet. 40Just as Jonah was in the belly of the whale three days and three nights,* so will the Son of Man be in the heart of the earth three days and three nights. 41* At the judgment, the men of Nineveh will arise with this generation and condemn it, because they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and there is something greater than Jonah here. 42At the judgment the queen of the south will arise with this generation and condemn it, because she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and there is something greater than Solomon here.v
The Return of the Unclean Spirit.* 43w “When an unclean spirit goes out of a person it roams through arid regions searching for rest but finds none. 44Then it says, ‘I will return to my home from which I came.’ But upon returning, it finds it empty, swept clean, and put in order. 45Then it goes and brings back with itself seven other spirits more evil than itself, and they move in and dwell there; and the last condition of that person is worse than the first. Thus it will be with this evil generation.”
The True Family of Jesus.* 46x While he was still speaking to the crowds, his mother and his brothers appeared outside, wishing to speak with him. 47[Someone told him, “Your mother and your brothers are standing outside, asking to speak with you.”]* 48But he said in reply to the one who told him, “Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?” 49And stretching out his hand toward his disciples, he said, “Here are my mother and my brothers. 50For whoever does the will of my heavenly Father is my brother, and sister, and mother.”
* [12:1–14] Matthew here returns to the Marcan order that he left in Mt 9:18. The two stories depend on Mk 2:23–28; 3:1–6, respectively, and are the only places in either gospel that deal explicitly with Jesus’ attitude toward sabbath observance.
* [12:1–2] The picking of the heads of grain is here equated with reaping, which was forbidden on the sabbath (Ex 34:21).
* [12:3–4] See 1 Sm 21:2–7. In the Marcan parallel (Mk 2:25–26) the high priest is called Abiathar, although in 1 Samuel this action is attributed to Ahimelech. The Old Testament story is not about a violation of the sabbath rest; its pertinence to this dispute is that a violation of the law was permissible because of David’s men being without food.
* [12:5–6] This and the following argument (Mt 12:7) are peculiar to Matthew. The temple service seems to be the changing of the showbread on the sabbath (Lv 24:8) and the doubling on the sabbath of the usual daily holocausts (Nm 28:9–10). The argument is that the law itself requires work that breaks the sabbath rest, because of the higher duty of temple service. If temple duties outweigh the sabbath law, how much more does the presence of Jesus, with his proclamation of the kingdom (something greater than the temple), justify the conduct of his disciples.
* [12:7] See note on Mt 9:13.
* [12:8] The ultimate justification for the disciples’ violation of the sabbath rest is that Jesus, the Son of Man, has supreme authority over the law.
* [12:10] Rabbinic tradition later than the gospels allowed relief to be given to a sufferer on the sabbath if life was in danger. This may also have been the view of Jesus’ Pharisaic contemporaries. But the case here is not about one in danger of death.
* [12:11] Matthew omits the question posed by Jesus in Mk 3:4 and substitutes one about rescuing a sheep on the sabbath, similar to that in Lk 14:5.
* [12:14] See Mk 3:6. Here the plan to bring about Jesus’ death is attributed to the Pharisees only. This is probably due to the situation of Matthew’s church, when the sole opponents were the Pharisees.
* [12:15–21] Matthew follows Mk 3:7–12 but summarizes his source in two verses (Mt 12:15, 16) that pick up the withdrawal, the healings, and the command for silence. To this he adds a fulfillment citation from the first Servant Song (Is 42:1–4) that does not correspond exactly to either the Hebrew or the LXX of that passage. It is the longest Old Testament citation in this gospel, emphasizing the meekness of Jesus, the Servant of the Lord, and foretelling the extension of his mission to the Gentiles.
* [12:15] Jesus’ knowledge of the Pharisees’ plot and his healing all are peculiar to Matthew.
* [12:19] The servant’s not contending is seen as fulfilled in Jesus’ withdrawal from the disputes narrated in Mt 12:1–14.
* [12:21] Except for a minor detail, Matthew here follows the LXX, although the meaning of the Hebrew (“the coastlands will wait for his teaching”) is similar.
* [12:22–32] For the exorcism, see note on Mt 9:32–34. The long discussion combines Marcan and Q material (Mk 3:22–30; Lk 11:19–20, 23; 12:10). Mk 3:20–21 is omitted, with a consequent lessening of the sharpness of Mt 12:48.
* [12:23] See note on Mt 9:27.
* [12:24] See note on Mt 10:25.
* [12:25–26] Jesus’ first response to the Pharisees’ charge is that if it were true, Satan would be destroying his own kingdom.
* [12:27] Besides pointing out the absurdity of the charge, Jesus asks how the work of Jewish exorcists (your own people) is to be interpreted. Are they, too, to be charged with collusion with Beelzebul? For an example of Jewish exorcism see Josephus, Antiquities 8:42–49.
* [12:28] The Q parallel (Lk 11:20) speaks of the “finger” rather than of the “spirit” of God. While the difference is probably due to Matthew’s editing, he retains the kingdom of God rather than changing it to his usual “kingdom of heaven.” Has come upon you: see Mt 4:17.
* [12:29] A short parable illustrates what Jesus is doing. The strong man is Satan, whom Jesus has tied up and whose house he is plundering. Jewish expectation was that Satan would be chained up in the last days (Rev 20:2); Jesus’ exorcisms indicate that those days have begun.
* [12:30] This saying, already attached to the preceding verses in Q (see Lk 11:23), warns that there can be no neutrality where Jesus is concerned. Its pertinence in a context where Jesus is addressing not the neutral but the bitterly opposed is not clear. The accusation of scattering, however, does fit the situation. Jesus is the shepherd of God’s people (Mt 2:6), his mission is to the lost sheep of Israel (Mt 15:24); the Pharisees, who oppose him, are guilty of scattering the sheep.
* [12:31] Blasphemy against the Spirit: the sin of attributing to Satan (Mt 12:24) what is the work of the Spirit of God (Mt 12:28).
* [12:33] Declare: literally, “make.” The meaning of this verse is obscure. Possibly it is a challenge to the Pharisees either to declare Jesus and his exorcisms good or both of them bad. A tree is known by its fruit; if the fruit is good, so must the tree be. If the driving out of demons is good, so must its source be.
* [12:34] The admission of Jesus’ goodness cannot be made by the Pharisees, for they are evil, and the words that proceed from their evil hearts cannot be good.
* [12:36–37] If on the day of judgment people will be held accountable for even their careless words, the vicious accusations of the Pharisees will surely lead to their condemnation.
* [12:38–42] This section is mainly from Q (see Lk 11:29–32). Mk 8:11–12, which Matthew has followed in Mt 16:1–4, has a similar demand for a sign. The scribes and Pharisees refuse to accept the exorcisms of Jesus as authentication of his claims and demand a sign that will end all possibility of doubt. Jesus’ response is that no such sign will be given. Because his opponents are evil and see him as an agent of Satan, nothing will convince them.
* [12:38] Teacher: see note on Mt 8:19. In Mt 16:1 the request is for a sign “from heaven” (Mk 8:11).
* [12:39] Unfaithful: literally, “adulterous.” The covenant between God and Israel was portrayed as a marriage bond, and unfaithfulness to the covenant as adultery; cf. Hos 2:4–14; Jer 3:6–10.
* [12:40] See Jon 2:1. While in Q the sign was simply Jonah’s preaching to the Ninevites (Lk 11:30, 32), Matthew here adds Jonah’s sojourn in the belly of the whale for three days and three nights, a prefigurement of Jesus’ sojourn in the abode of the dead and, implicitly, of his resurrection.
* [12:41–42] The Ninevites who repented (see Jon 3:1–10) and the queen of the south (i.e., of Sheba; see 1 Kgs 10:1–13) were pagans who responded to lesser opportunities than have been offered to Israel in the ministry of Jesus, something greater than Jonah or Solomon. At the final judgment they will condemn the faithless generation that has rejected him.
* [12:43–45] Another Q passage; cf. Mt 11:24–26. Jesus’ ministry has broken Satan’s hold over Israel, but the refusal of this evil generation to accept him will lead to a worse situation than what preceded his coming.
* [12:46–50] See Mk 3:31–35. Matthew has omitted Mk 3:20–21 which is taken up in Mk 3:31 (see note on Mt 12:22–32), yet the point of the story is the same in both gospels: natural kinship with Jesus counts for nothing; only one who does the will of his heavenly Father belongs to his true family.
* [12:47] This verse is omitted in some important textual witnesses, including Codex Sinaiticus (original reading) and Codex Vaticanus.
a. [12:1–8] Mk 2:23–28; Lk 6:1–5.
b. [12:1] Dt 23:26.
c. [12:3–4] 1 Sm 21:2–7.
d. [12:4] Lv 24:5–9.
e. [12:5] Lv 24:8; Nm 28:9–10.
f. [12:7] Hos 6:6.
g. [12:8] Jn 5:16–17.
h. [12:9–15] Mk 3:1–6; Lk 6:6–11.
i. [12:14] Jn 5:18.
j. [12:18–21] Is 42:1–4.
k. [12:22–24] 9:32–34; Lk 11:14–15.
l. [12:23] 9:27.
m. [12:24] 10:25; Mk 3:22.
n. [12:25–29] Mk 3:23–27; Lk 11:17–22.
o. [12:28] Lk 11:20.
p. [12:30] Lk 11:23.
q. [12:31–32] Mk 3:28–30; Lk 12:10.
r. [12:33–35] Lk 6:43–45.
s. [12:34] 3:7; 23:33; 15:11–12; Lk 3:7.
t. [12:36–37] Jas 3:1–2.
u. [12:38–42] 16:1–4; Jon 2:1; 3:1–10; Mk 8:11–12; Lk 11:29–32.
v. [12:42] 1 Kgs 10:1–10.
w. [12:43–45] Lk 11:24–26.
x. [12:46–50] Mk 3:31–35; Lk 8:19–21.
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Share this Story: Paul Giannelia departs as head of $4.6B Green Line project
Paul Giannelia departs as head of $4.6B Green Line project
Meghan Potkins • Calgary Herald
Nov 02, 2018 • November 2, 2018 • 3 minute read
Paul Giannelia as he was being introduced as the Green Line's new managing director on May 28, 2018. Giannelia is now off the project. via Meghan Potkins
The head of the city’s $4.6-billion Green Line project — a man city councillors were warned could “ruffle a few feathers” when he took over the role in the spring — has left the job, Postmedia has learned.
Seven months after being hired by the city, Paul Giannelia has left his post as director of the massive LRT construction project. The city’s general manager of transportation, Michael Thompson, has taken over the role on an interim basis.
Paul Giannelia departs as head of $4.6B Green Line project Back to video
City staff have openly and privately discussed Giannelia’s difficulties acclimating to the municipal workplace after years in the private sector overseeing the successful construction of megaprojects including Calgary’s Olympic Oval and the Confederation Bridge, linking P.E.I. and New Brunswick.
Transportation committee chair Coun. Shane Keating said Giannelia has already contributed a lot to the Green Line and could continue working on the project in a different role.
“Paul’s role (is) being redefined and that redefinition allows for his expertise to still be used, but within circumstances that are beneficial to both parties,” Keating said.
“I think he had a great background in megaprojects. I thought many of his ideas were a great inspiration to making sure the project stays on time and on budget, or even ahead of schedule and under budget,” Keating said. “I would hope that will continue.”
Asked for the reasons behind Giannelia’s departure, Keating said it was an “HR matter.”
“There is a transition and a redefining of the role, and that’s all I can comment on at this time.”
The city’s transportation department declined to immediately comment on the shakeup in Green Line leadership.
Giannelia’s short-lived tenure as director was punctuated by a handful of colourful appearances before council to provide progress reports on the project.
Asked in May by councillors what he thought he could learn from some of the young Green Line team members he was leading, Giannelia said they didn’t share the same mindset.
“The staff that we have on our team that came from a background of the city haven’t been used to the word ‘deadlines,’ like we have in construction,” Giannelia told councillors.
“It’s a philosophical thing that they’re not used to.”
City leadership repeatedly urged the veteran construction manager to look for ways to adapt to the city’s corporate culture. At least once, the city’s top bureaucrat explicitly raised the issue of workplace respect.
“My expectation is that Paul will live up to a standard that reflects the respectful workplace that we put in place here for the city,” city manager Jeff Fielding said in May.
“Paul is also going to bring some energy to the project that might at a certain points in time ruffle a few feathers. (We’re) going to have some give and take on both sides in order for that relationship to work.”
Keating said the change in leadership on the project isn’t likely to delay the Green Line’s opening.
“Anytime you have a transfer from one individual to another there’s always a little bit of a lag, but I don’t think it’s going to be detrimental to the Green Line,” he said.
The first stage of the Green Line, a 20-kilometre long section from Crescent Heights to Shepard, will begin construction in 2020, with an anticipated opening day in 2026.
The city is currently working to secure land and relocate utilities along the Green Line route, with a procurement process beginning in early in 2019.
Giannelia told council last month the Green Line team would be recommending a massive ‘single-bore’ tunnel for beneath the downtown — a move that was anticipated to reduce street-level disruptions during construction.
At the same meeting, Giannelia’s repeated emphasis on cost control wasn’t always well received by councillors looking for broader details on station design and the Green Line’s impact on surrounding neighbourhoods.
“Our objective is to end up with the lowest cost,” Giannelia said. “That is an objective we can’t ever lose sight of.”
Coun. Jyoti Gondek, who has passionately advocated for the city to push farther north with the Green Line, pushed back.
“Everything is about cost-per-kilometre but it’s not about ridership and modal progression, and it tends to be buried in page seven of whatever report we’re getting. While I respect and appreciate everything has to be done in a cost-effective manner, I am not seeing attention to very important considerations.”
The next quarterly update on the Green Line project is expected to come to council in December.
mpotkins@postmedia.com
Twitter: @mpotkins
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Women’s Empowerment Night provides resources for women
by Deja Leonard October 15, 2013 September 4, 2020
Event geared towards success of Calgary’s marginalized women
A wide variety of social service organizations are joining together to provide information on services available to homeless and marginalized women in Calgary.
The third annual Women’s Empowerment Night will be held on Oct. 18 at Knox United Church from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m., and various agencies including health services, Safeworks and the Calgary Pregnancy Care Centre are taking part.
Registered dental hygienist Maureen Graham said, “We are aware that there are populations of Albertans that may not know of our services and also how to access them.”
Graham serves on the council for the College of Registered Dental Hygienists of Alberta, a regulatory agency that has been a part of Women’s Empowerment Night since its initiation.
“We always enjoy meeting these women and their children and connecting these people with oral healthcare services,” she added.
Kimberly Kavanagh is a medical student at the University of Calgary and is the co-chair of the event.
The night will include relaxation and education for homeless or marginalized women. There will be crafts for children, door prizes, massages and much more.
Photo courtesy of Kimberly Kavanagh
“As a Calgarian, it’s really important to reach out to everyone in their community — especially if they are having problems with things like housing, employment or are recent immigrants,” Kavanagh said.
Although this event is primarily for women, men are welcome to attend. There will also be a children’s play area at the event so that mothers can take time and focus on their needs.
Amanda St. Laurent is a program manager under community development at CUPS. She attended the event last year and will have a booth again on Oct. 18.
“I just think it’s really important to get out on the front lines and hear some of these women’s stories,” she said.
“There are a lot of these groups that do great things and it’s important for people to know what services are out there so they can improve their lives. It’s a great opportunity for us really to reach out with solidarity and support to everyone in our city,” Kavanagh said.
“I think it’s a really important thing for us to do as a community,” she added.
Surviving the stigma: Inside the life of a trans sex worker
Project InTandem brings contemporary dance to Calgary
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Posted inCommentary
GOP congressional wins set stage for 2022
by Dan Walters December 2, 2020 December 2, 2020
California Capitol. Photo by Anne Wernikoff for CalMatters
Republicans’ big comeback in California congressional elections this year sets the stage for another showdown in 2022.
It is remarkable — even amazing — that as Democrat Joe Biden rang up a nearly 2-to-1 victory over Republican President Donald Trump in California this year, Trump’s party regained four of the seven congressional seats it lost two years ago.
California’s outcome was a big share of the Democrats’ nationwide loss of congressional seats that reduced them to a bare majority.
The GOP comeback was solidified this week when the last few votes were counted in the 25th Congressional District, one of the state’s most contentious political arenas in suburban Los Angeles and Ventura counties.
In 2018, Democrat Katie Hill ousted Republican Congressman Steve Knight in the 25th district, one of seven GOP-held seats to flip that year in a wave of anti-Trump voting. But Hill became enmeshed in a scandal over her personal conduct and resigned.
Republican Mike Garcia, a former Navy pilot, recaptured the seat for the GOP in a special election, defeating Democratic Assemblywoman Christy Smith, and the two squared off again this year. This week, in the final count, Garcia eked out a paper-thin victory, just a few hundred votes.
Two of the GOP’s congressional comeback wins came in Orange County, where Republicans Young Kim and Michelle Steel defeated one-term Democrats Gil Cisneros and Harley Rouda.
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Historically, the county has been solid Republican territory but Democrats have been making inroads lately. Democrat Hillary Clinton won it in 2016, the first Democrat to do so in 80 years, and Biden won it this year.
The fourth Republican comeback was in the San Joaquin Valley’s 21st Congressional District, where former Congressman David Valadao narrowly defeated Democrat TJ Cox, who had ousted Valadao two years earlier.
Of course, what happened this year merely sets the stage for 2022’s election, when Trump will be gone and outcomes will be even less predictable.
For one thing, we don’t even know how many seats California will have after the 2020 census is complete.
Demographers believe it’s likely that California’s slow population growth could reduce its allotment, now 53 seats, by one or two. However, it could lose even more if the U.S. Supreme Court, in a case that was argued just this week, supports Trump’s position that undocumented immigrants should be excluded from congressional seat calculations.
California is home to as many as three million undocumented immigrants and traditionally the decennial census has included them, along with citizens and legal immigrants, in the complete count used to determine the number of each state’s congressional seats.
Were undocumented residents excluded, it would translate into roughly three fewer seats for California, on top of the one or two seats the state might lose due to its overall slow population growth.
That’s why California Attorney General Xavier Becerra has joined the Supreme Court battle over Trump’s directive.
“For hundreds of years, the U.S. Constitution has been clear: everyone counts,” Becerra said in a statement. “Here in California, we know that fundamental value extends beyond the census. No matter the color of your skin or where you come from, you count.”
However many seats California winds up having, their districts will be redrawn by a 14-member independent commission with five Democrats, five Republicans and four independents, and its first foray into redistricting a decade ago proved that its actions are not predictable.
We may not know how many congressional seats California will have in 2022, and we don’t know the shape of those districts. However, we do know that California will, as it did in 2018 and this year, play a significant role in determining which party controls Congress.
Tagged: 2020 citizens redistricting commission, California congressional seats, California's Citizens Redistricting Commission, census 2020, Christy Smith, Commentary, david valadao, Gil Cisneros, Harley Rouda, Katie Hill, Michelle Steel, mike garcia, Steve Knight, U.S. Congress, Young Kim
dan@calmatters.org
Dan Walters has been a journalist for nearly 60 years, spending all but a few of those years working for California newspapers. He began his professional career in 1960, at age 16, at the Humboldt Times... More by Dan Walters
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Cannatrek Secures A$6.4 million investment with CannTrust, as its Strategic Partner
MELBOURNE, Australia, 1st November 2018/- Cannatrek Ltd (“Cannatrek” or the “Company”) announced this week that it has entered into a strategic partnership (the “Partnership”) with CannTrust Holdings Inc. (“CannTrust”), one of Canada’s leading and most trusted licensed producers of medical cannabis. The Partnership will enable the rapid commercialization of Cannatrek’s “seed to patient” model, with production scheduled to begin in early 2019, at Cannatrek’s Queensland facility.
Cannatrek is also preparing it’s second greenhouse facility in northern Victoria, designed with full automation and scalability, which is aligned with the Victorian Government Medical Cannabis Industry Development Plan. The deal accelerates Cannatrek’s expansion, in collaboration with an established and world-class partner.
“CannTrust’s industry knowledge and expertise, together with its pharmaceutical approach and strong team, make it an ideal partner for us. We are excited to build our alliance with a top Canadian licensed producer that is as dedicated to customer care and patient access as we are,” said Tommy Huppert, CEO, Cannatrek.
“We will continue to invest in strategic alliances with well-positioned business partners to maintain our position as a front-runner in the cannabis industry both in Canada and globally,” says Peter Aceto, CEO, CannTrust. “This partnership with Cannatrek demonstrates CannTrust’s commitment and ability to be a global player in the rapidly expanding cannabis market. The rapid increase in worldwide demand for cannabis offers significant new opportunities for CannTrust.”
As part of the Partnership, CannTrust is making an investment of AUD $6.4 million (approximately CAD $6 million) for a 19.8% stake in Cannatrek, with an option to maintain this shareholding through any future share issuances. In addition to the capital investment, Cannatrek will receive industry leading knowledge and expertise, that will position the company as one of the lowest cost producers in Australia.
In October 2016, in an avant-garde move, Victoria became the first state in Australia to legalise access to medicinal cannabis, for patients in exceptional circumstances. The state is trailblazing the cannabis industry, with an eye on supplying half of Australia’s medicinal cannabis by 2028, along with the creation of 500 jobs in Victoria only.
In terms of research, CannTrust are pioneers in advanced research on the therapeutic benefits of cannabis, which will be underpin Cannatrek’s human clinical trials that seek to gain a deeper understanding of the use of high-grade cannabis on PTSD/anxiety disorders, which effect one in four Australians during ther lifetime.
Cannatrek enters the cannabis industry, as one of the first fully licensed Australian enterprises with an import, research, cultivation & manufacture licence to start commercial operations, and is proudly Australian.
Cannatrek is planning the construction of one of the world’s largest medicinal cannabis greenhouse farms in regional Victoria, with a long-term target to be energy neutral and aims to employ over 200 persons within 5 years.
Cannatrek is committed to research and innovation, as well as contributing to the growing body of evidence-based research regarding the use and efficacy of cannabis. Global partnerships, with companies such as CannTrust, provide Cannatrek with a strategic and logistical advantage, in both industry insight, and global export opportunities.
About CannTrust
CannTrust – a front-runner in the cannabis industry, a federally regulated licensed producer and proudly a Canadian company – is leading the Canadian and global market in producing standardized cannabis products. Started as Canada’s only pharmacist-founded medical cannabis producer, CannTrust brings more than 40 years of pharmacy and healthcare experience to the medical cannabis industry. CannTrust currently operates its 450,000 sq. ft. Niagara Perpetual Harvest Facility. The 600,000 sq. ft. greenhouse expansion has begun and is fully funded. The industry’s broadest product portfolio is prepared and packaged at the 60,000 sq. ft. manufacturing Centre of excellence in Vaughan, Ontario.
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Leading the Revival of Individualism & Self Reliance
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The Individualist
Hayek Anticipated That Millennials Would Be Skeptical Of Free Markets.
May 12, 2018 /in News /by Hunter Hastings
The Millennial generation has been described as hating competition, or at minimum misunderstanding it. According to this theory, they were raised on participation trophies which engendered a “no-one loses” culture.
In an alternative theory, they are so meritocratic that they become hyper-stressed at the sorting, sifting, and ranking by schools, universities, the workplace, and social media that they feel institutionally compelled to strive, perform, and achieve even though they are not comfortable with doing so.
It’s probably futile to attempt to capture the feelings and motivations of an entire generation, which perhaps accounts for the wide disparity in theories. But there is consistent data from surveys and behavioral analysis (such as in voting for Bernie Sanders) that the Millennial generation is warm to the idea of socialism and skeptical about capitalism.
Disparate Information Results In Disparate Outcomes.
F. A. Hayek, in Law, Legislation and Liberty, anticipated Millennials’ discomfort with free markets. The “no-one loses” culture is, he declares, contrary in principle to free markets. The moral energy of the market applies at the individual level. Each of us is free to use the information available to us in order to design our service to others in the pursuit of rewards. Often, this information is not known to others. The individual uses education, and knowledge of time and place and existing circumstances, as well as the history of his or her predecessors in their position, in the process of choosing how to contribute in the marketplace. There are billions of other individuals who have different knowledge, and they are making equally unique choices on the basis of their unique information. The outcome of these simultaneous and interacting choices based on disparate information can not be known.
The Economic Game.
Hayek compares market activity to a game. In fact, he employs the Oxford English Dictionary definition of a game: “a contest played according to rules and decided by superior skill, strength or good fortune.” Like any game, winners and losers are not pre-determined. And outcomes can change as circumstances change, often unpredictably.
In the case of “the economic game”, the players participate because doing so improves the chances of all, and leads to “an increase of the stream of goods and the prospects of all participants to satisfy their needs”. But the outcome for any individual is not guaranteed. And Hayek emphasizes the role of luck: rewards may have no connection with merit, and might therefore be thought – erroneously – to be unjust.
Within this economic game, there is a particularly important role for “negative feedback”. (Hayek points out that economists have recognized the role of negative feedback for a long time, and cites Adam Smith as one of the first to see it clearly.) Negative feedback means that some players in the game will find out that their efforts have been misdirected. Negative feedback tells players what not to do. They are forced to change their tactics and look elsewhere for new means to achieve their goals.
At the same time, some players will find out that things have turned out better than they expected. The disappointed players may resent those whose rewards are higher. But that does not mean there is “injustice”.
The economic game proceeds, as do all games, according to rules and information that guide the actions of all players. The aims, skills and knowledge of those players are different. The consequence is that the outcome will be unpredictable and there will regularly be winners and losers. Some will have to change their mode of play – but they could not have foreseen this in advance. They must adapt. This is not a matter of merit. In spite of the best efforts of which they were capable, and for reasons they could not have known, their efforts were less successful than they had reason to expect. Doing the “right” thing cannot always be a matter of merit – it’s determined independently by the market in a way that the individual can not know in advance.
And for those that win, there is no “unearned” benefit. Each individual’s share of the total product of the market that, in Hayek’s words, “accident or skill assigns to him” will be as large as we, as a population all playing the game, know how to make it. The determination of the magnitude of one individual’s reward “does not depend on anyone’s will and desire, but on circumstances which nobody knows in their totality”.
It is easy to imagine that a generation brought up on “participation trophies”, not understanding the role of competition, might be uncomfortable in these circumstances. Because they are hyper-sensitive to sorting, grading and ranking, they might want to be protected against what Hayek calls “an unmerited descent from the material position to which they have become accustomed”. On the contrary, the obligation is to “abide by the results of the market when it turns against us”.
In The Economic Game, There Is No Such Thing As Social Justice.
Many Millennials are often identified as Social Justice Warriors. Hayek’s conclusion is that we must resist all thinking about so-called “social justice”. In fact, he calls the chapters of Law, Legislation and Liberty from which the foregoing quotes have been drawn The Mirage Of Social Justice. The word justice is inapplicable to a game where the knowledge, skill and luck of the players are different. He sounds very modern when he says:
It seems that among the younger generation the welfare institutions into which they have been born have engendered a feeling that they have a claim in justice on “society” for provision of particular things which it is the duty of that society to provide.
Such a claim is meaningless. First, there is no such thing as society. This personification suggests that society has a will, and can act to direct outcomes in a specific way, which is not the case. The market creates equal chances for individuals to play the game, not certainty as to which of them will benefit from the outcome. If it were otherwise, if government is used as a method to determine outcomes, it will result in “the destruction of all values of a free civilization”. Why? Because only a totalitarian government can attempt to exercise this kind of control. Freedom means that, in some measure, we entrust our fate to forces we do not control.
Hayek feels so intensely about this that he uses very strong language to make his point. The idea of social justice, he says, is the product of “primitive thinking”. It is “vacuous” and “naïve”, and the concept is “empty” and “meaningless”, and even “fraudulent”. And the possibility of its translation to coercive acts of government is “the greatest threat” to civilization.
The Millennial generation’s desire for participation trophies, and fear of sorting, sifting and ranking, is the source of that threat.
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/ The Knack
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'Boogaloo' arrests in Nevada portray extremists using protests to incite civil war
Caitlin Dickson
·Reporter
June 5, 2020, 9:11 a.m. ·6 min read
Two men charged with conspiring to incite violence and civil unrest at protests over the killing of George Floyd previously sought to do the same thing at protests against coronavirus lockdowns, in both instances seeking to promote their extremist agenda, federal prosecutors say.
Federal agents arrested the men, Stephen Parshall and Andrew Lynam, along with a third man, William Loomis, before they allegedly planned to disrupt a Black Lives Matter protest in Las Vegas. They face federal charges of conspiracy and possession of unregistered firearms and multiple terrorism-related state charges. Prosecutors say the men had planned to use firebombs and explosives to create chaos and panic that would lead to riots. The men are being held in the Clark County jail on $1 million bond each.
According to a criminal complaint filed Wednesday in the U.S. District Court in Nevada, all three, who are white and have U.S. military experience, “self-identified as part of the ‘boogaloo’ movement,” a disparate yet growing collection of extremists, including far-right militias, radical gun rights activists, white supremacists and neo-Nazis. As noted in the criminal complaint, “‘Boogaloo’ is a term used by extremists to signify a coming civil war and/or fall of civilization.”
The arrests and the details of the investigation leading up to it offer perhaps the most concrete evidence to date of the role extremists may be playing in some of the violence and destruction during otherwise peaceful protests over the past two weeks. And it sheds new light on how such groups or individuals have sought to exploit other events to advance their agenda of bringing down the U.S. government, leading, in some versions of the ideology, to the creation of a white “ethno-state.”
Protesters walk past a gas station in Minneapolis on May 29 in the wake of the death of George Floyd. (Salwan Georges/Washington Post via Getty Images)
According to the complaint, the Las Vegas FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force first began investigating Lynam and Parshall in April after receiving a tip from someone, who eventually became a confidential FBI source, that the two were “potentially planning terrorist activity.”
Specifically, the would-be informant reported that he had met Lynam and Parshall at a ReOpen Nevada rally in Las Vegas, where Lynam “stated that their group was not for joking around and that it was for people who wanted to violently overthrow the United States government.”
The ReOpen rally, and many others like it that took place in cities around the country during the same time, was ostensibly to call for bringing back jobs and reopening businesses closed under state measures taken to stop the spread of the coronavirus. However, based on the conversation described in the complaint, “the group seemed to ... focus their attention to the disruption of economic activity.”
After attending another ReOpen Nevada protest in early May, Lynam, Parshall and the unnamed informant began discussing a plan to use some type of fireworks, smoke bombs or noisemakers “to create a chaotic and confusing scene” at the next ReOpen rally on May 16.
“The goal would be to set the devices off and cause panic to the police and public, in hope that it causes others to take some type of action,” according to the complaint. “Whether it be by police or by the public, Lynam and Parshall wanted some type of confrontation between the police and protesters.”
The plan never materialized, but the group did attend the May 16 rally, where they were approached by Loomis. At a meeting in a park a few days later, Loomis allegedly told the group that he too “was looking to actively disrupt the United States government.”
A Black Lives Matter rally in Las Vegas on June 1. (Bridget Bennett/AFP via Getty Images)
Proponents of the boogaloo movement have previously seized on other events where they see a potential for chaos and armed confrontation with law enforcement, such as the gun rights rally in Richmond, Va., earlier this year. During the coronavirus pandemic, experts who track both radical activity and the spread of misinformation online have observed extremist figures, particularly antigovernment activists and far-right militias, using Facebook groups promoting anti-lockdown protests to circulate conspiracy theories in an effort to fuel antigovernment sentiments.
Danny Rogers, chief technology officer of the Global Disinformation Index, which works to track and disrupt the spread of misinformation online, said the origin of the Nevada boogaloo plot “says to me that those lockdown protests are clearly serving, at least in that instance, as a breeding ground for this even more malicious and more insidious false-flag activity.”
Rogers, who also teaches a course on disinformation and narrative warfare at the New York University Center for Global Affairs, says he and his team of analysts have been tracking boogaloo-related activity online, which he said is primarily shared through hundreds of Facebook groups.
According to the criminal complaint, Lynam, Parshall and Loomis were all part of a Nevada boogaloo Facebook group.
A member of the far-right militia Boogaloo Bois walks next to protesters demonstrating in Charlotte, N.C., on May 29. (Logan Cyrus/AFP via Getty Images)
As Yahoo News has previously reported, the mounting protests over the May 25 death of George Floyd in police custody have generated particular interest within boogaloo circles online and, based on various social media posts, have prompted some factions of the movement to show up at protests.
On May 27, Lynam, Parshall and Loomis allegedly met to discuss how they could “use the momentum of” Floyd’s death to “create civil unrest and rioting throughout Las Vegas.”
On May 29, the complaint says, the foursome (including the informant) attended a protest clad in tactical gear and carrying rifles. The informant reported that Lynam taunted police by getting in their faces, while Parshall attempted to egg on other protesters by telling them, “Peaceful protests don’t accomplish anything and that they needed to be violent.”
The following day, the men were arrested by an FBI SWAT team while preparing Molotov cocktails in a parking lot near the site of another protest. Various other explosives and firearms were found in their cars.
At a press conference Thursday, Attorney General William Barr said the federal government has made 51 arrests in relation to rioting. Barr, along with President Trump, has repeatedly asserted that anti-fascist activists, or antifa, and other “radical leftists” are to blame for violence at the recent protests. As far as is publicly known, the arrests of the three men in Las Vegas are the first ones linked to the Floyd protests that cite a specific ideological motive. Asked about the involvement of right-wing extremists, Barr acknowledged they were part of “a witches’ brew of a lot of different extremist organizations.”
“There are some groups that don’t have a particular ideology, other than anarchy,” Barr told reporters. “There are some groups that want to bring about a civil war — the boogaloo group that has been on the margin of this as well, trying to exacerbate the violence.”
Additional reporting by Christopher Wilson.
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In wake of Floyd killing, black lives matter to us too, police around the country are saying
Historian Rick Perlstein says that violent protests could hurt Trump in November
Trump vs. Twitter: Making sense of the fact-check fight
Feds issue warning on Chinese imports due to ‘forced labour’ of Uighurs
Canadian companies are being told to ensure they’re not importing Chinese goods produced through the forced labour of the Uighur religious minority group. “Reports indicate mass transfers of Uighur labourers to factories across China where they are enrolled in forced labour programs that taint global supply chains in a variety of industries,” reads a Global Affairs Canada advisory. The federal government says it’s also aware of other human rights violations affecting Uighurs and other ethnic and religious groups by Chinese authorities in the northwestern region of Xinjiang and other parts of China, including mass arbitrary detention, forced separation of children from their parents, forced sterilization, and torture. China is a major trading partner for Canada, with $75 billion worth of merchandise imported from China in 2019, according to Statista. International Trade Minister Mary Ng said that the feds are committed to ensuring Canadian businesses aren't engaged with supply chains involving forced labour. “We remain steadfast in our commitment to increasing supply chain transparency, promoting responsible business conduct, and ensuring that Canadian companies are upholding Canadian values, wherever they may operate,” Ng said in a statement. Parliament amended the Customs Tariff Act last July to ban the imports of goods produced wholly or partly as a result of forced labour from any country. The government reminds companies that they must conform to these laws, adding that companies that operate within the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) may also be subject to human rights legislation. “In addition to legal risks, companies face reputational damage related to their supply chains if it is discovered that they are sourcing from entities that employ forced labour,” the advisory added. It remains unclear if there indeed have been confirmed instances of Uighur-made products flowing through Canadian supply chains. Canada’s National Observer asked Ng if she can definitively say there aren’t products made by Uighurs or other minority groups in Canadian supply chains, but the question was deferred to Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) and Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), which also didn’t provide direct comment to the question. However, Jacqueline Callin, spokesperson for CBSA, explained shipments containing goods suspected of being produced by forced labour are detained at the border for inspection by a border services officer who has the authority to ban these goods from entering Canada based on their analysis of the specific situation. The government announced Monday that companies with ties to Xinjiang will have to sign a “Xinjiang Integrity Declaration” recognizing they’re aware of Canadian laws regarding the prohibition of forced labour and the “human rights situation in Xinjiang” before they receive support from the Trade Commissioner Service (TCS). It wasn't indicated when this declaration requirement will come into effect. The government also appointed a Canadian ombudsperson for responsible enterprise in April 2019 to review claims of alleged human rights abuses involving Canadian companies abroad, but Amnesty International Canada doesn’t think the office’s role goes far enough. “Without the power to compel documents or witness testimony, we fear the ombudsperson will be unable to fully investigate allegations of forced labour or other abuses from companies’ supply chains,” said Ketty Nivyabandi, the organization’s secretary general, in a statement. The Global Affairs advisory said the government urges Canadian companies with links to Xinjiang to “closely examine their supply chains to ensure that their activities do not support repression, including ... the Chinese government’s surveillance apparatus in Xinjiang, detention or internment facilities, or the use of forced labour.” However, Nivyabandi believes this shouldn’t be left to individual companies, calling for the Trudeau government to pass legislation that would require Canadian companies to conduct “human rights due diligence” within their global operations and supply chains. “The Canadian government has missed a crucial opportunity to hold Canadian companies accountable for human rights violations in Xinjiang and beyond,” Nivyabandi said. Yasmine Ghania, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter, National Observer
Coronavirus: Toronto Mayor Tory says city ‘will be ready’ for mass-vaccination rollout
When asked about the closure of its COVID-19 immunization clinic pilot at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre due to a lack of vaccines, Mayor John Tory said Wednesday he feels the city “will be ready” to rollout vaccines outside of a hospital setting, adding that large-scale vaccination programs such as for the flu, have previously given officials some experience in mass-vaccination rollouts.
BEIJING — China’s Foreign Ministry described outgoing U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on Wednesday as a “doomsday clown” and said his designation of China as a perpetrator of genocide and crimes against humanity was merely “a piece of wastepaper.” The allegations of abuses against Muslim minority groups in China's Xinjiang region are “outright sensational pseudo-propositions and a malicious farce concocted by individual anti-China and anti-Communist forces represented by Pompeo,” spokesperson Hua Chunying told reporters at a daily briefing. “In our view, Pompeo’s so-called designation is a piece of wastepaper. This American politician, who is notorious for lying and deceiving, is turning himself into a doomsday clown and joke of the century with his last madness and lies of the century," Hua said. Pompeo’s announcement Tuesday doesn’t require any immediate actions, although the U.S. must take the designation into account in formulating policy toward China. China says its policies in Xinjiang aim only to promote economic growth and social stability. The U.S. has previously spoken out and taken action on Xinjiang, implementing a range of sanctions against senior Chinese Communist Party leaders and state-run enterprises that fund repressive policies in the vast, resource-rich region. Last week, the Trump administration announced it would halt imports of cotton and tomatoes from Xinjiang, with Customs and Border Protection officials saying they would block products from there suspected of being produced with forced labour. Many of the Chinese officials accused of having taken part in repression are already under U.S. sanctions. The “genocide” designation means new measures will be easier to impose. Tuesday’s move is the latest in a series of steps the outgoing Trump administration has taken to ramp up pressure on China over issues from human rights and the coronavirus pandemic to Taiwan, Tibet, Hong Kong and the South China Sea. China has responded with its own sanctions and tough rhetoric. China has imprisoned more than 1 million people, including Uighurs and other mostly Muslim ethnic groups, in a vast network of prison-like political indoctrination camps, according to U.S. officials and human rights groups. People have been subjected to torture, sterilization and political indoctrination in addition to forced labour as part of an assimilation campaign in a region whose inhabitants are ethnically and culturally distinct from the Han Chinese majority. The Associated Press reported on widespread forced birth control among the Uighurs last year, including the mass sterilization of Muslim women, even while family planning restrictions are loosened on members of China's dominant Han ethnic group. China has denied all the charges, but Uighur forced labour has been linked by reporting by the AP to various products imported to the U.S., including clothing and electronic goods such as cameras and computer monitors. James Leibold, a specialist in Chinese ethnic policy at La Trobe in Melbourne, Australia, said international pressure appears to have had some effect on Chinese policies in Xinjiang, particularly in prompting the government to release information about the camps and possibly reducing mass detentions. “So hopefully we’ll see a continued continuity with regards to the new (Joe Biden) administration on holding China to account," Leibold said in an interview. “And hopefully the Biden administration can bring its allies along to continue to put pressure on the Chinese government," he said. ___ Associated Press journalist Dake Kang contributed to this report. The Associated Press
OKLAHOMA CITY — One name missing in President Donald Trump's flurry of pardons is “Tiger King” Joe Exotic. His team was so confident in a pardon that they'd readied a celebratory limousine and a hair and wardrobe team to whisk away the zookeeper-turned-reality-TV-star, who is now serving a 22-year federal prison sentence in Texas. But he wasn't on the list announced Wednesday morning. Joe Exotic, whose real name is Joseph Maldonado-Passage, was sentenced in January 2020 to 22 years in federal prison for violating federal wildlife laws and for his role in a failed murder-for-hire plot targeting his chief rival, Carole Baskin, who runs a rescue sanctuary for big cats in Florida. Baskin was not harmed. Maldonado-Passage, who has maintained his innocence, was also sentenced for killing five tigers, selling tiger cubs and falsifying wildlife records. A jury convicted him in April 2019. In his pardon application filed in September, Maldonado-Passage’s attorneys argued that he was “railroaded and betrayed” by others. Maldonado-Passage, 57, is scheduled to be released from custody in 2037, but his attorneys said in the application that “he will likely die in prison” because of health concerns. Maldonado-Passage's legal team did not immediately respond to a request for comment early Wednesday. The blond mullet-wearing zookeeper, known for his expletive-laden rants on YouTube and a failed 2018 Oklahoma gubernatorial campaign, was prominently featured in the popular Netflix documentary “Tiger King: Murder, Mayhem and Madness.” The Associated Press
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Quebecers will be getting a test alert to their cellphones today — but will it work?
The countrywide emergency public alert system for mobile devices is being tested across the country again, a year after it was launched.
Quebecers' phones are scheduled to buzz at 1:55 p.m. ET.
Last year, when the new system was tested for the first time, the alert somehow failed to reach Quebec. There were some issues in Ontario as well.
This time, users with compatible devices — such as smartphones and tablets connected to an LTE network — are supposed to hear a tone similar to an ambulance alarm or feel a vibration for eight seconds.
Users should also to see a notification displayed on their screen.
Other provinces are scheduled to receive the alert at different times today. For example, Ontario will receive the alert at 2:55 p.m. ET.
Horseback riders ponder alternatives after province says neigh to Confederation Trail
A group of horseback riders on P.E.I. is looking at other options after their request to use sections of the Confederation Trail was rejected by the provincial government. Donna Lee Cole, an avid rider and member of the group, said they had asked to use a 10 to 20 kilometre section of the trail in each of the three counties as a pilot for the summer of 2021. They would share the trail with cyclists, joggers and walkers, as is done in other parts of the country. "We want to be part of the nature and the different woods and the undulating landscape and hillside, that's what we're looking for as trail riders," she said. "If we could access parts of the trail in rural areas to connect to separate adjoining trails that would be phenomenal." However, when they met last fall with Steven Myers, P.E.I.'s minister of transportation, infrastructure and energy, he quickly made his position clear. "My response was no," he said, "but that I would work with them in developing trails around that they could use for horses." Myers said government would be willing to partner with the group to redevelop the old horseback trail in Forest Hill near Dundas in eastern P.E.I. "It's a really nice trail in a really picturesque area," he said. "We're looking at what we can do to bring that back. And certainly interested in if we can help create a new type of multi-use trail that includes horses in other parts of Prince Edward Island. We'd also entertain that." Myers said money could come from the active transportation fund. I'm not ready to drop it but if he is willing to come up with alternatives, that would be great. — Donna Lee Cole He said staff in his department have told him that allowing horses on the Confederation Trail would cause bumps and ruts that would make it unsafe for cyclists and walkers, and would require a lot of maintenance. Cole said she disagrees that the horses would cause damage to the trail, and was "quite disappointed" when the proposal was rejected. Currently, horses are allowed on P.E.I. roads, but anyone riding on the Confederation Trail can face fines up to $1,000. "I'm not ready to drop it but if he is willing to come up with alternatives, that would be great," Cole said. Myers has asked the group to come up with a plan that doesn't include the Confederation Trail. 'The door is open' "From where I stand, the door is open and we're here and ready to work," he said. "I want it to be their project. I'd kind of want them to be the lead on it because they're the experts.… Just like we do with cycling groups and walking, hiking groups, we rely on them to say, 'here is what we want,' and then we try to make it fit into the program that we have currently running." Janice MacSwain, another member of the group who met with the province, said the Confederation Trail is a logical first option because of its accessibility, but she is more concerned about just having a safe place to ride. She is looking forward to meeting with government to further discuss the possibilities. "I really want it to go forward in whatever format we can for the safety. I ride with a young girl sometimes and when we're on the road I'm just a little bit nervous," she said. "It's just not as safe on the roads as it was, say, 20, 30, 40 years ago." Cole said the horseback riding group is also in discussions with the ATV Federation about the possibility of sharing their trail system. More from CBC P.E.I.
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Author: Anthony Doerr
Category: Fiction & Literature
4.5 Score: 4.5
(From 8,247 Ratings)
WINNER OF THE PULITZER PRIZE
From the highly acclaimed, multiple award-winning Anthony Doerr, the beautiful, stunningly ambitious instant New York Times bestseller about a blind French girl and a German boy whose paths collide in occupied France as both try to survive the devastation of World War II.
Marie-Laure lives with her father in Paris near the Museum of Natural History, where he works as the master of its thousands of locks. When she is six, Marie-Laure goes blind and her father builds a perfect miniature of their neighborhood so she can memorize it by touch and navigate her way home. When she is twelve, the Nazis occupy Paris and father and daughter flee to the walled citadel of Saint-Malo, where Marie-Laure’s reclusive great-uncle lives in a tall house by the sea. With them they carry what might be the museum’s most valuable and dangerous jewel.
In a mining town in Germany, the orphan Werner grows up with his younger sister, enchanted by a crude radio they find. Werner becomes an expert at building and fixing these crucial new instruments, a talent that wins him a place at a brutal academy for Hitler Youth, then a special assignment to track the resistance. More and more aware of the human cost of his intelligence, Werner travels through the heart of the war and, finally, into Saint-Malo, where his story and Marie-Laure’s converge.
Doerr’s “stunning sense of physical detail and gorgeous metaphors” (San Francisco Chronicle) are dazzling. Deftly interweaving the lives of Marie-Laure and Werner, he illuminates the ways, against all odds, people try to be good to one another. Ten years in the writing, a National Book Award finalist, All the Light We Cannot See is a magnificent, deeply moving novel from a writer “whose sentences never fail to thrill” (Los Angeles Times).
More by Anthony Doerr
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Chidon HaTanach UK
Schedule & Syllabus (2020/2021)
British Candidate to take part in the World Chidon HaTanach
A British candidate has earned a place at the renowned World Chidon Hatanach for Jewish Youth. Batsheva Schwab, a Year 10 student at Hasmonean High School for Girls, will participate in Wednesday night’s virtual event, amongst other finalists from around the world.
The annual contest, coinciding with Yom Ha’atzmaut, celebrates the success of 16 teenagers who excelled in their study of the Tanach. This follows an intense qualification process which involves a participant winning their own national programme and subsequently ranking in the top 16 internationally in a written semi-final.
The UK contest took place in January and was supported by The Jewish Agency in Israel and Rabbi Eliyahu Silverman from Hasmonean High School and Mizrachi UK shaliach to the UK, whose insights became the foundation of the course’s syllabus. Batsheva was among the three Senior Stream winners of the UK Chidon HaTanach, gaining her place in the final following excelling in the written exam semi-finals. Due to the current climate, the semi-finals took place remotely and were digitally examined and supervised, involving 64 candidates from 29 countries who participated in 14 languages.
The final is usually held in Jerusalem and is attended by dignitaries including the Prime Minister the Minister of Education and the Speaker of the Knesset. However, this year the event will take place digitally due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The aim of Chidon HaTanach is to promote and celebrate Tanach study amongst Jewish youth to both deepen Torah knowledge and strengthen Jewish identity. The international programme is jointly sponsored by the Israeli Ministry of Education and The Jewish Agency, who also provided Chidon HaTanach UK with informative educational materials for the course.
In addition to Batsheva achieving a spot at Wednesday’s acclaimed event, the Senior Stream winners are honoured with a trip to Israel for the two-week International Chidon Bible Camp, the date of which has not yet been confirmed. This will see them join 80 finalists from over 40 other countries, giving these Jewish children an opportunity to witness the places they have studied first-hand.
Ahead of the semi-final exam, Isaac Herzog, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Israel, addressed the participants via zoom: “Throughout the ages, despite tremendous challenges, the Jewish people have always found creative ways in which to continue the tradition and pass the Bible on from generation to generation. The Bible quiz at this time has a very important message – that even in times when the Jewish people and all of humanity are facing a challenge that paralyzes the world, the book of books continues its exciting tradition. Personally, it really excites me that the Bible quiz that my mother founded 57 years ago continues at this time and even serves as a virtual bridge that unites Jewish young men and women from around the world.”
Rabbi Eliyahu Silverman said “We are all very proud of Batsheva’s achievement. She has worked extremely hard and this is certainly a well-deserved honour.”
The event can be viewed at 9am BST on Wednesday, 29th April on YouTube stream embedded at the top of this page.
Hasmo girls excel in Bible quiz
Now winners of British contest will go on to compete in Israel
A trio of Hasmonean High School pupils will have a chance to represent the UK at the International Bible Quiz, in Jerusalem in spring after clinching the top slots in the national round.
Read JC article here:
The UK National Bible Quiz for Jewish Youth
The UK National Bible Contest for Jewish Youth
The World Bible Quiz (Jewish Agency for Israel)
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E. Z.-L. v. New York City Department of Education
F.L. v. N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ.
Even if the Department is ultimately found to have offered the student a FAPE, the amount dispersed during…
Avaras v. Clarkstown Cent. Sch. Dist.
Pendency operates to ensure that "all handicapped children, regardless of whether their case is meritorious…
Full title:E. Z.-L., by her parents R.L. and A.Z., Plaintiffs, v. NEW YORK CITY…
Court:United States District Court, S.D. New York
Date published: Jan 24, 2011
763 F. Supp. 2d 584 (S.D.N.Y. 2011)
United States District Court, S.D. New York
holding that the stay-put provision preempted state law regarding unjust enrichment
Summary of this case from R.B. v. Mastery Charter Sch.
09 Civ. 8998 (SHS).
Gary S. Mayerson, Brianne Nicole Dotts Mayerson and Associates, New York, NY, for Plaintiff.
Lesley Berson Mbaye, New York City Law Department, New York, NY, for Defendant.
OPINION ORDER
SIDNEY H. STEIN, District Judge.
Plaintiffs R.L. and A.Z. bring this action on behalf of their minor child E. Z.-L. pursuant to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1400, et seq. ("IDEA"). In March of 2009, Impartial Hearing Officer ("IHO") Gary D. Peters awarded plaintiffs full reimbursement for Z.-L.'s placement at the Rebecca School for the 2008-2009 school year and for after-school therapy services. However, three months later, State Review Officer ("SRO") Paul F. Kelly reversed that determination and found that no reimbursement was appropriate. Plaintiffs now seek review of that determination and defendant New York City Department of Education ("DOE" or "the school district") also seeks review of the SRO's decision to the extent that he denied the DOE's request to recoup payments it had advanced to plaintiffs for Z.-L.'s tuition and therapy services during the pendency of these proceedings. Both parties now move for summary judgment. For the reasons set forth below, the parents' motion is denied and the school district's motion is granted insofar as it seeks dismissal of the complaint and denied insofar as it requests recovery of the payments it has already made to plaintiffs.
I. STATUTORY BACKGROUND
Congress enacted the IDEA "to ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs . . . [and] to ensure that the rights of children with disabilities and parents of such children are protected." 20 U.S.C. § 1400(d)(1)(A)-(B). States receiving federal funding under the IDEA are required to provide a free appropriate public education ("FAPE") to all children with disabilities. Id. § 1412(a)(1)(A). To this end, the IDEA requires that the relevant local or state educational agency create an individualized education program ("IEP") at least annually for each disabled student. Id. § 1414(d)(2)(A).
In New York City, a Committee on Special Education ("CSE") develops each student's IEP. N.Y. Educ. L. § 4402(b). Parents are "members" of the CSE that formulates their child's IEP, id., and the IDEA requires that they be provided an opportunity to present complaints with respect to the identification, evaluation, or placement of their child during the IEP process. 20 U.S.C. § 1415(b)(6)(A). Where parents believe that the school district has not adequately responded to their complaints, they may pursue their grievances through an "impartial due process hearing." Id. § 1415(f)(1)(A). In New York, an IHO conducts these hearings, and parties who disagree with the IHO's decision may appeal to the SRO. See N.Y. Educ. L. § 4404; 20 U.S.C. § 1415(g)(1). The SRO's decision, in turn, may be challenged in either state or federal court. 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(2)(A). The district court shall "receive the records of the administrative proceedings," "hear additional evidence," and "grant such relief as the court determines is appropriate" based on "the preponderance of the evidence" before it. Id. § 1415(i)(2)(C).
II. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
The following facts are undisputed unless otherwise noted.
A. Z.-L.'s Educational History
Z.-L., now nine years old, has been classified by the DOE as "autistic" (Compl. ¶ 1), and is thus a "child with a disability" under the IDEA. See 20 U.S.C. § 1401(3)(A)(i). In September 2005, Z.-L. began attending preschool and receiving occupational and speech-language therapy. (Administrative Record, Parents Exhibit JJ at 15.) Z.-L. has been attending the Rebecca School, a private day school in Manhattan for students with "autism and other developmental disabilities," since September 2006. (Compl. ¶ 11.)
This Opinion will refer to plaintiffs' and defendant's exhibits in the administrative record as "Parents Ex." and "Sch. Dist. Ex.," respectively.
In May 2007, the Committee on Special Education met to formulate Z.-L.'s educational program for the 2007-2008 school year. (Parents Ex. C at 3.) Following that meeting, the School District recommended a school, which the parents rejected. ( Id.) The parents then requested an impartial hearing, alleging that the school district had failed to offer Z.-L. a FAPE for the 2007-2008 school year. ( Id.) At the impartial hearing, the DOE conceded that it failed to offer a FAPE to the child, but maintained that the Rebecca School was not an appropriate placement and that the private therapy services Z.-L. was receiving were excessive. ( Id. at 4.) In June 2008, IHO Susan K. Markus found that Z.-L.'s attendance at the Rebecca School plus 20 hours per week of "Floortime" therapy constituted an appropriate educational program. ( Id. at 17.) The DOE did not appeal that decision.
B. Development of the 2008-2009 IEP
The committee met again in April of 2008 to formulate the child's educational program for the 2008-2009 school year. The committee included Z.-L.'s mother, a special education teacher (who also acted as the District Representative), a school psychologist, a general education teacher, and Z.-L.'s teacher from the Rebecca School. The resulting IEP recommended that Z.-L. be placed in a special class with a 6:1:1 ratio (six disabled children for every teacher and teacher's aide) and set forth long and short-term goals for Z.-L. in the areas of speech-language, communication, social-emotional issues, problem solving, motor planning, sequencing, and academics. ( See Sch. Dist. Ex. 1 ("2008-2009 IEP").) It also recommended that she receive the following services on a weekly basis: (1) four 30-minute sessions of individualized occupational therapy; (2) three 30-minute sessions of individualized speech-language therapy, (3) one 30-minute session of 3:1 speech-language therapy; (4) one 30-minute session of individualized counseling; and (5) one 30-minute session of 2:1 group counseling. ( Id.)
Z.-L.'s parents then received a notice recommending that Z.-L. be placed in a specialized class with a 6:1:1 ratio at the Children's Workshop School, not the Rebecca School. (Sch. Dist. Ex. 2.) Z.-L.'s mother visited the proposed placement and, after observing several classes and meeting with an assistant principal, found it unsuitable for her child. (Impartial Hearing Transcript ("Tr.") at 240:22-254:4.) In a letter dated May 22, 2008, Z.-L.'s parents rejected the Children's Workshop School and advised the DOE that, in the absence of an appropriate placement, they intended to reenroll Z.-L. at the Rebecca School at the DOE's expense. (Parents Ex. MM.) They then requested an impartial hearing on the ground that the DOE had failed to offer Z.-L. a FAPE for the 2008-2009 school year. (Parents Ex. A.) They also requested reimbursement for Z.-L.'s Rebecca School transportation and tuition and for her after-school services — specifically, her participation in the "Throwback Sports" program, two hours per week of speech-language therapy, and 20 hours per week of "Floortime" therapy. ( Id., Parents Ex. HH.) Plaintiffs then reenrolled Z.-L. in the Rebecca School for the 2008-2009 school year. (Parents Ex. Z.)
C. Proceedings before the IHO
When the impartial hearing commenced in July 2008, the parties stipulated that pursuant to the IDEA's "stay put" provision, see 20 U.S.C. § 1415(j), Z.-L. was entitled to continue receiving, at the DOE's expense, tuition and transportation costs at the Rebecca School and 20 hours of "Floortime" therapy during the pendency of the proceedings. (Tr. at 3:9-5:11.) The impartial hearing then took place before IHO Peters between September 2008 and January 2009.
The next month IHO Peters issued an interim pendency order instructing the school district to "continue to pay for and fund" these expenses. (Ex. A to Aff. of Gary Mayerson dated May 6, 2010 ("IHO Decision").)
The DOE presented two witnesses who primarily discussed the CSE procedure and the educational programs and services offered at the Children's Workshop School. Specifically, Feng Ye, a special education teacher for the DOE, testified about the CSE meeting that occurred on April 30, 2008. Prior to that meeting, Ye stated that she had reviewed the following background material related to Z.-L.: a speech progress report, an occupational therapy progress report, a teacher report from the Rebecca School, observation reports, psychological reports, and Z.-L.'s previous IEP. ( Id. at 41:13-18.) Ye explained that, after considering and rejecting a program placing Z.-L. in a community school with a 12:1:1 ratio, the CSE team ultimately recommended a "specialized class in a specialized school district" for Z.-L. with a recommended staffing ratio of 6:1:1. ( Id. at 43:11-21, 50:16-20.) Ye stated that Z.-L.'s deficits at the time of the CSE meeting consisted of "academic delays," "d[y]sregulation," a need for "instant gratification," and "biting her hands or hitting herself." ( Id. at 45:16-23.) According to Ye, the CSE team addressed these deficits by "develop[ing] goals to reduce [her] undesirable behaviors," recommending counseling, and initiating a diet. ( Id. at 46:1-3, 16-19.) Ye acknowledged that Z.-L. had made progress at the Rebecca School and opined that, relative to other children on the autism spectrum, she is "not that low functioning." ( Id. at 93:8-94:3.)
Tina McCourt, Program Director at the Rebecca School, stated that when Z.-L. becomes dysregulated she is "less available to be involved in the learning, to be able to focus" and is "distracted" and "self-absorbed." ( Id. at 123:11-15.)
Susan Cruz, an assistant principal at P.S. 94, testified at length about the educational opportunities and therapy services offered at the Children's Workshop School — the DOE's recommended placement for Z.-L. She explained that the school provides "[w]hatever is mandated on [a] student's IEP," including "speech, occupational therapy, physical therapy . . . and counseling." ( Id. at 178:22-23, 179:23-180:3.) According to Cruz, the Children's Workshop School has the following services for students with sensory regulation issues: (1) an occupational therapist who prepares a sensory diet customized to each student's needs, and (2) a "sensory room," which has a "scent area," a "bubble center," a "construction area," and "an art area with different textures." ( Id. at 193:20-194:18, 199:2-13.) Cruz testified that, in her opinion, Z.-L.'s IEP could have been implemented at the Children's Workshop School. ( Id. at 196:10.)
Plaintiffs presented eight witnesses, including themselves and Z.-L.'s current teachers and service providers, who primarily discussed Z.-L.'s progress at the Rebecca School and the alleged deficiencies of the DOE's recommended program for Z.-L.
Tina McCourt, Program Director at the Rebecca School, discussed the developmental individual difference relationship ("DIR" or "Floortime") model, which is the "core methodology" at the Rebecca School. ( Id. at 111:5-9, 117:23-24.) McCourt testified that Z.-L. required access to a "sensory gym" due to her "sensory regulation issues" ( id. at 122:15-25), and needs after-school services to help her "generalize" — or, in other words, to apply skills to different settings ( id. at 130:6-22). McCourt stated that Z.-L. is in the "middle of the range" of functioning on the autism spectrum and that she has made "meaningful progress" at the Rebecca School and in her after-school therapy services. ( Id. at 133:6-16, 137:6-19.)
McCourt testified that a "sensory gym" differs from a regular gym in that the former has (1) "padding on the walls and the floors," and (2) tools used in "sensory integration therapy" such as "suspended equipment, swings, balancing equipment, trampolines, weighted vests, chewy tubes, [and] Theraputty." ( Id. at 120:15-20.)
Rebecca Starr, Z.-L.'s teacher at the Rebecca School and a participant at the CSE meeting, testified at length about the child's sensory needs, the therapy services she received, and the progress she had made at the Rebecca School. ( Id. at 289:18-295:20.) Starr explained that she had shared Z.-L.'s progress reports with the CSE team, gave them input regarding what to include in Z.-L.'s IEP, that they listened to her "completely" regarding Z.-L.'s academic functioning levels, and that she essentially agreed with the CSE team's ultimate recommendations for the child. ( Id. at 301:1-302:5, 316:14-22.)
Z.-L.'s parents both testified before the IHO that they believed the DOE had denied Z.-L. a FAPE. Z.-L.'s mother stated that the CSE team did not recommend a specific school for Z.-L. at the CSE meeting nor did anyone discuss parent training or the development of a transition plan. ( Id. at 246:19-22, 249:14-19, 252:8-17.) She also described her visit to the Children's Workshop School. ( Id. at 240:22-247:7.) Based on her visit, Z.-L.'s mother felt that the school was not appropriate for her child because it lacked a "sensory gym" and because of the high male-to-female student ratio in the classes she had observed. ( Id. at 253:4-254:4, 273:15-16.)
Plaintiffs also presented testimony from the following service providers who worked with Z.-L: Audrey Scheveloff, an occupational therapist at the Rebecca School; Erica Levy, a speech and language therapist at the Rebecca School; Joseph Kennedy, a therapist who provides transportation and "Floortime" therapy to Z.-L.; and Michael Cohen, the creator of the Throwback Sports program. These witnesses discussed the type and frequency of services they provided to Z.-L., the extent of her academic, social, and behavioral deficits, and the progress she had made using their respective services.
D. The IHO's Decision
In his decision dated March 24, 2009, IHO Peters found that Z.-L. had been denied a FAPE because: (1) the DOE had failed to create a Functional Behavioral Assessment or a Behavior Intervention Plan for Z.-L.; (2) Z.-L.'s IEP did not include parent training and counseling; (3) the CSE team did not recommend a specific placement for Z.-L. at the CSE meeting; and (4) Z.-L.'s IEP did not include a "transition plan." ( See IHO Decision at 30-32.) The IHO also found that the Rebecca School, "Floortime" and speech-language therapy, and Throwback Sports constituted an appropriate educational program for Z.-L. ( Id. at 33-37.) Finally, the IHO directed the School District to reimburse plaintiffs for the cost of the child's Rebecca School tuition and transportation for the 2008-2009 school year and for her after-school therapy services. ( Id. at 38-39.)
E. Appeal to the SRO and SRO's Decision
The DOE appealed that determination to the SRO. By decision dated June 26, 2009, the SRO annulled the IHO's decision. After a lengthy discussion of the evidence at the hearing before the IHO, the SRO found that the DOE had in fact provided a FAPE to the child. (Ex. A to Decl. of Lesley Berson dated Mar. 31, 2010 ("SRO Decision").) Specifically, the SRO noted that the CSE team's decision not to develop a Functional Behavioral Assessment or a Behavior Intervention Plan was made after it had considered Z.-L.'s behavioral issues and ultimately concluded that her classroom teacher would be able to address them. ( Id. at 13.) The SRO agreed with the IHO that Z.-L.'s IEP should have included a provision for parent training and counseling, but concluded that this defect was not fatal because the DOE's recommended placement "offered parent training that was consistent with" New York State regulations. ( Id.) The SRO also found that the CSE team was not required to recommend a specific school for Z.-L. at the CSE meeting and that Z.-L.'s parents were actively involved in the educational placement process. ( Id. at 14-15.) Finally, the SRO concluded that the Children's Workshop School would have addressed Z.-L.'s "transition needs related to her enrollment at the school." ( Id. at 16.)
The SRO also found that the school district provided a FAPE to Z.-L. despite the fact that the school district's proposed placement had a "sensory room" rather than a "sensory gym." ( Id.) However, the Court does not address this issue because plaintiffs do not raise it on appeal.
With respect to the school district's recommended special education program, the SRO determined that it was "reasonably calculated to confer educational benefits" to Z.-L. because the CSE team relied upon reports detailing Z.-L.'s deficit areas and received input from her Rebecca School teacher and parents in order to form "an accurate assessment of her functioning, academic level, and needs." ( Id. at 17.) Additionally, the SRO determined that the CSE team had recommended appropriate related services on the child's IEP and set forth "goals and short-term objectives to develop [her] skills in her identified deficit areas." ( Id.)
F. The Instant Action
Plaintiffs then commenced this action seeking (1) reversal of the SRO's June 26, 2009 decision, (2) reinstatement of the IHO's decision, (3) an order directing defendant to reimburse plaintiffs for Z.-L.'s tuition and costs at the Rebecca School and for her after-school therapy services during the 2008-2009 school year, and (4) an order granting plaintiffs leave to seek the costs of pursuing this litigation.
Apart from the administrative record, plaintiffs assert that the Court should consider several documents as "additional evidence" in this action pursuant to 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(2)(C)(ii). In particular, plaintiffs submit three documents titled "Special Education Service Delivery Report," which indicate that P.S. 94 has not always delivered special education services to students who require them. (Exs. 6-8 to Mayerson Aff.) Simply put, these documents relate to P.S. 94, and therefore have minimal relevance, if any, to the provision of special education services at the Children's Workshop School (or P.S.
361) — the School District's recommended placement for Z.-L. Plaintiffs also submit a stipulation agreed to by the DOE in the class action Jose P. v. Ambach, 669 F.2d 865 (2d Cir. 1982), and argue that although "Z.-L. was not even born" at the time the stipulation was entered into, she "certainly falls within its zone of protection going forward." (Pls.' Mem. of Law at 22.) However, as a general rule, "a consent decree can be enforced only by a party, a party's privy, or an intended beneficiary," M.S. v. N.Y. City Dep't of Educ., 09 Civ. 5065, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 87682, at *21 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 25, 2010) (citation omitted). Jose P. involved the DOE's failure to timely evaluate and place children in special education programs, which is not at issue here. See Jose P., 669 F.2d at 867; see also M.S., 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 87682 at *21. Thus, the Court does not consider the special education delivery reports or the Jose P. stipulation in determining whether the DOE provided a FAPE to Z.-L.
The exact relationship between P.S. 94 and The Children's Workshop School is unclear from the record and both the parties and the administrative officers refer to the two interchangeably. In her impartial hearing testimony, Cruz, an assistant principal at P.S. 94, refers to The Children's Workshop School as P.S. 361 and describes it as one of "our off sites." (Tr. 178:20-23, 202:10-25.) Suffice it to say that P.S. 94 and The Children's Workshop School are not identical. Compare 2008-2009 Special Education Delivery Report for P.S. 94, at
http://schools.nyc.gov/documents/teachandlearn/sesdr/2008-09/sesdr_M094.pdf
III. DISCUSSION
A. Standard of Review
Although the parties have styled their submissions as motions for summary judgment, "the procedure [in IDEA actions] is in substance an appeal from an administrative determination, not a summary judgment." Lillibask ex rel. Mauclaire v. Conn. Dep't of Educ., 397 F.3d 77, 83 n. 3 (2d Cir. 2005) (citation omitted). Accordingly, summary judgment in IDEA actions "often triggers more than an inquiry into possible disputed facts." Id. Rather, the court must conduct an "independent" review of the administrative record and base its decision on the "preponderance of evidence." Bd. of Educ. v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176, 205 (1982) (citation omitted). Summary judgment thus "serves as a pragmatic procedural mechanism for reviewing a state's compliance with the procedures set forth in the IDEA." Lillibask, 397 F.3d at 83 n. 3 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
However, "the role of the federal courts in reviewing state educational decisions under the IDEA is circumscribed," T.Y., K.Y. v. N.Y. City Dep't of Educ., 584 F.3d 412, 417 (2d Cir. 2009) (citation omitted), cert. denied, 130 S.Ct. 3277 (2010), and "courts may not `substitute their own notions of sound educational policy for those of the school authorities which they review'" id. (quoting Rowley, 458 U.S. at 206). "While the district court must base its decision on the preponderance of the evidence, it must give due weight to the administrative proceedings, mindful that the judiciary generally lacks the specialized knowledge and experience necessary to resolve persistent and difficult questions of educational policy." T.Y., 584 F.3d at 417 (citation omitted). Deference is particularly warranted where, as here, the SRO's review has been "thorough and careful." Walczak v. Fla. Union Free Sch. Dist., 142 F.3d 119, 129 (2d Cir. 1998). The district court should "defer to the final decision of the state authorities, even where the reviewing authority disagrees with the hearing officer." A.C. M.C. v. Bd. of Educ., 553 F.3d 165, 171 (2d Cir. 2009) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Thus, where "the SRO's decision conflicts with the earlier decision of the IHO, the IHO's decision may be afforded diminished weight." Id. (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
Plaintiffs argue for de novo review of the SRO's decision because they contend that the SRO is biased in favor of the DOE. In support of this assertion, plaintiffs (1) allege that the SRO has a personal relationship with an attorney who works for the State Education Department, (2) submit a spreadsheet purporting to show how often the SRO's decisions were unfavorable to disabled children, and (3) submit a Wall Street Journal article that disparages the SRO and implies bias. These documents and allegations are inadmissible or insufficient to show bias (or both), and have been uniformly rejected by courts in this district. See, e.g., C.G. L.G. v. N.Y. City Dep't of Educ., 09 Civ. 6169, 2010 U.S. Dist LEXIS, at *12-14 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 22, 2010), W.T. v. Bd. of Educ. of the Sch. Dist. of N.Y. City, 09 Civ. 1368, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 4135, at *29-34 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 15, 2010); Adrianne Joshua D. v. Lakeland Cent. Sch. Dist., 686 F. Supp. 2d 36, 368 (S.D.N.Y. 2010); M.N. H.N. v. N.Y. City Dep't of Educ., 700 F. Supp. 2d 356, 364-65 (S.D.N.Y. 2010); M.M. H.M. v. N.Y. City Dep't of Educ., 583 F. Supp. 2d 498, 503 (S.D.N.Y. 2008). Accordingly, this Court gives the SRO's decision the weight required by law. See T.Y., 584 F.3d at 417.
B. Tuition Reimbursement
When a state receiving federal funding for special education fails to give a disabled child a FAPE under the IDEA, the child's parents may unilaterally place the child in an appropriate private school and seek tuition reimbursement from the state. A three-step analysis is employed by the Court to determine whether Z.-L.'s parents are entitled to reimbursement. See Cerra v. Pawling Cent. Sch. Dist., 427 F.3d 186, 192 (2d Cir. 2005). First, the Court considers whether the DOE has complied with the IDEA's procedural requirements. Next, it asks whether the child's IEP is "reasonably calculated to enable [her] to receive educational benefits." Id. (citation omitted). Only if the child's IEP is procedurally or substantively deficient does the Court reach the third step and ask whether "the private schooling obtained by the parents is appropriate to the child's needs." Id. (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). If the Court finds that the private schooling is appropriate, "the district court enjoys broad discretion in considering equitable factors relevant to fashioning relief." Gagliardo v. Arlington Cent. Sch. Dist., 489 F.3d 105, 112 (2d Cir. 2007) (citation omitted).
Here, plaintiffs contend that they are entitled to tuition reimbursement because, contrary to the SRO's findings, Z.-L. was denied a FAPE due to the DOE's failure to (1) include the parents in the placement recommendation process, (2) develop an FBA and BIP for the child, (3) provide for parent training and counseling in the child's IEP, and (4) create a transition plan for her.
1. Compliance with IDEA's Procedural Requirements
Procedural errors will render an IEP inadequate only where those errors (1) impeded the child's right to a FAPE, (2) significantly impeded the parents' opportunity to participate in the decision making process regarding the provision of a FAPE, or (3) caused a deprivation of educational benefits. See M.N. H.N. v. N.Y. City Dep't of Educ., 700 F. Supp. 2d 356, 364-65 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) (citing 20 U.S.C. § 1415(f)(3)(E)(ii)).
a. Parent Participation
The parents contend that the DOE did not include them in the placement recommendation process in violation of the IDEA's requirement that the "parents of each child with a disability [must be] members of any group that makes decisions on the educational placement of their child." See 20 U.S.C. § 1414(e). However, a child's "educational placement" refers only to the "general educational program — such as the classes, individualized attention and additional services a child will receive — rather than the `bricks and mortar' of the specific school." T.Y., 584 F.3d at 419. Thus, while a school district is required to ensure that parents have the opportunity to participate in formulating their child's general educational program, it is not required to involve them in its decision regarding the specific placement recommendation for the child.
Here, as the SRO found, the record reflects that plaintiffs were actively involved in the educational placement decisions relating to Z.-L. Indeed, Z.-L.'s mother attended the CSE meeting at which Z.-L.'s IEP was formulated, received notice of the school district's proposed placement well in advance of the start of the school year, and visited the proposed placement. Moreover, Z.-L.'s mother testified that during the CSE meeting she requested that her child receive additional speech therapy and counseling and that these requests were honored in the ultimate IEP. (Tr. at 252:1-4, 270:7-14.) The Court thus agrees with the SRO's finding that the parents actively participated in educational placement decisions pertaining to Z.-L. and therefore identifies no error, much less one capable of denying Z.-L. a FAPE. See T.P. ex rel. S.P. v. Mamaroneck Union Free Sch. Dist., 554 F.3d 247, 253 (2d Cir. 2009) (identifying no IDEA violation where parents "meaningfully participated" in development of IEP); see also Cerra, 427 F.3d at 193 (identifying no violation where parents had "numerous opportunities to participate in meetings with respect to the identification, evaluation, and educational placement of the child" (internal quotation marks omitted)).
b. Development of Functional Behavioral Assessment and Behavior Intervention Plan
Plaintiffs assert that the SRO erred in finding that the school district was not required to develop a Functional Behavioral Analysis ("FBA") and Behavior Intervention Plan ("BIP") for Z.-L. The IDEA requires that, in developing an IEP for "a child whose behavior impedes [his or her] learning," the school district must "consider the use of positive behavioral interventions . . . to address that behavior.'" 20 U.S.C. § 1414(d)(3)(B)(i); see also A.C., 553 F.3d at 172. This mandate is often carried out through the development of an FBA, which provides detailed information about a student's problem behaviors, and a BIP, which provides strategies to reduce those behaviors. See N.Y. Comp. Codes R. Regs. Tit. 8, § 200.22(a)-(b).
Here, the SRO credited the testimony of Ye, a special education teacher for the school district, who stated that the CSE team considered whether to develop a BIP for Z.-L., but determined that it was unnecessary because Starr, Z.-L.'s teacher at the Rebecca School, had indicated at the CSE meeting that the classroom teacher would be able to address Z.-L.'s behavior sufficiently. (Tr. 46:20-47:1, 98:1-25.) During her testimony, Starr confirmed that Z.-L.'s sensory issues needed to be addressed, not her behavior, and opined that Z.-L. did not need a BIP as long as she received her sensory diet. ( Id. at 312:6-22.) The CSE team's determination that Z.-L.'s behavior did not require an FBA or BIP is also reflected in Z.-L.'s IEP, which states that she exhibits "some amount of emotional or sensory dysregulation and demonstrates biting of her hand or hitting herself," but that such behavior "does not seriously interfere with instruction" and "[c]an be addressed by [a] special education teacher." (2008-2009
IEP at 4.) Even assuming that Z.-L.'s behaviors do interfere with her learning, the record reflects that the CSE team developed strategies such as counseling, initiating a sensory diet, and developing "goals for [her] academic and social/emotional improvement" to address those behaviors (Tr. at 46:1-3, 16-19; 2008-2009 IEP at 4). See M.N. H.N., 700 F. Supp. 2d at 366 ("[F]ailure to conduct an FBA does not render an IEP procedurally inadequate where the IEP provides strategies to address the student's behavior."); see also A.C., 553 F.3d at 172-73; M.H. E.K. v. N.Y. City Dep't of Educ., 712 F. Supp. 2d 125, 159 (S.D.N.Y. 2010).
Thus, the Court sees no reason to disturb the SRO's finding that the DOE's decision not to develop an FBA or BIP for Z.-L. "did not rise to the level of a denial of a FAPE." (SRO Decision at 13.)
2. Substantive Adequacy of the IEP
A school district complies with the IDEA's substantive requirements if a student's IEP is "reasonably calculated to enable the child to receive educational benefits." Rowley, 458 U.S. at 207. "A school district is not, however, required to furnish every special service necessary to maximize each handicapped child's potential." Cerra, 427 F.3d at 195 (internal quotation marks omitted) (citing Rowley, 458 U.S. at 199). As such, a school district fulfills its substantive obligations under the IDEA "if it provides an IEP that is likely to produce progress, not regression, and if the IEP affords the student with an opportunity greater than mere trivial advancement." Cerra, 427 F.3d at 195 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). "Because administrative agencies have special expertise in making judgments concerning student progress, deference is particularly important when assessing an IEP's substantive adequacy." Id.
a. Parent Training and Counseling
New York regulations require that school districts offer training and counseling to parents of a child with autism in order to help the parents implement their child's IEP. See N.Y. Comp. Codes R. Regs. Tit. 8, § 200.13(d). Although Z.-L.'s IEP did not provide parent training or counseling, the SRO found that the DOE's recommended placement offered parent training opportunities consistent with New York regulations. (SRO Decision at 13.) The SRO's finding is supported by Cruz's testimony, which established that the Children's Workshop School brings in speakers to discuss different teaching methodologies and offers parent training on an "as-needed basis," for instance if "parents want to know about more specific methodologies or programs." (Tr. at 195:5-196:6.) Cruz explained that parent training can be done individually or in groups and that the school offers transportation and babysitting services to ensure that parents are able to participate in training opportunities. ( Id. at 233:15-234:12.) As the SRO's conclusion is supported by the record and plaintiffs have not offered any evidence to the contrary, the Court affirms the SRO's determination. See M.N., 700 F. Supp. 2d at 368 (finding that failure to include parent training and counseling on a child's IEP did not result in denial of FAPE given that defendant's proposed placement provided parent training); K.Y. ex rel. T.Y. v. N.Y. City Dep't of Educ., 07 Civ. 3199, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 89827, at *20-21 (E.D.N.Y. July 2, 2008) (same), aff'd, 584 F.3d 412 (2d Cir. 2009), cert. denied, 130 S.Ct. 3277 (2010).
b. Transition Plan
Plaintiffs maintain that the DOE should have created a "transition plan" for Z.-L. due to her "special needs," but fail to specify why a transition plan was necessary. As the SRO found, there is no requirement in the IDEA for a "transition plan" when a student moves from one school to another. See Robert B. v. W. Chester Area Sch. Dist., 04 Civ. 2069, 2005 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 21558, at *25 (E.D. Pa. Sept. 27, 2005). Rather, the IDEA requires such a plan where a student will be transitioning from school to post-school (i.e., adult) activities, see 20 U.S.C. § 1414(d)(1)(A)(i)(VIII)(aa)-(bb); 34 C.F.R. § 300.43(a), a situation inapplicable to this action.
Here, the SRO found that although a "transition plan" — as defined in the IDEA — was unnecessary, Z.-L.'s IEP should have included specified services to assist her in transitioning from the Rebecca School to the Children's Workshop School. However, the SRO concluded that the DOE's failure to do so did not result in the denial of a FAPE because such support services "would have been discussed and the [Children's Workshop School] would have been responsive in addressing any transition needs related to her enrollment at the school." (SRO Decision at 16.) In support of his determination, the SRO cited the testimony of Cruz, who stated that the Children's Workshop School (1) evaluates incoming students using a Brigance Assessment in order to get a "benchmark of where the kids are" before beginning instruction, (2) communicates with students' prior teachers and their parents, and (3) develops transition plans for new students. (Tr. at 191:16-193:17.) According due deference to the SRO, the Court agrees with the SRO's determination that the DOE was not required to create a "transition plan" for Z.-L. and that the DOE's failure to identify services in Z.-L.'s IEP related to her transition from the Rebecca School to the Children's Workshop did not result in the denial of a FAPE. See T.P. S.P., 554 F.3d at 254 (district courts required to "defer appropriately to the decisions of the administrative experts on . . . how best to transition an autistic child" from home-based educational program to school-based program).
Because the Court finds that Z.-L.'s IEP was neither procedurally flawed nor substantively deficient, it does not reach the issues of whether private placement at the Rebecca School was appropriate or whether equitable considerations affect relief.
C. The DOE's Counterclaims for Recoupment of Payments
The DOE seeks reimbursement for payments it has already made to plaintiffs for Z.-L.'s Rebecca School tuition and transportation costs and for her after-school services. With exceptions not relevant here, the IDEA's stay-put provision provides that "during the pendency of [IDEA] proceedings" the child "shall remain in [his or her] then-current educational placement . . . until all such proceedings have been completed." 20 U.S.C. § 1415(j). Section 1415(j) represents "Congress' policy choice that all handicapped children, regardless of whether their case is meritorious or not, are to remain in their current educational placement until the dispute with regard to their placement is ultimately resolved." Mackey v. Bd. of Educ., 386 F.3d 158, 160-61 (2d Cir. 2004) (emphasis in original) (citation omitted).
If the student's "current educational placement" is in private school, "the responsibility for private school tuition `stays put' as well." M.M. v. N.Y. City Dep't of Educ., 09 Civ. 52386, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 75127, at *6-7 (S.D.N.Y. July 27, 2010) (citing N.Y. City Dep't of Educ. v. S.S., 09 Civ. 810, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 25133, at *18 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 17, 2010)). Thus, where, as here, the school district has been paying for a child's private school tuition, it must continue to do so until the moment when the child's educational placement changes. The DOE does not dispute that Z.-L.'s current educational placement consists of tuition and transportation costs at the Rebecca School plus 20 hours of "Floortime" therapy. It also acknowledges that it was required to make the payments at issue pursuant to the IDEA's stay-put provision.
However, defendant asserts that because it provided Z.-L. with a FAPE for the 2008-2009 school year, equitable principles under the IDEA and common law require that the parents now reimburse the school district for these outlays. However, the DOE fails to cite, nor has this Court found, any case in which parents were directed to reimburse a school district for payments that the school district made to the parents while their IEP challenge was pending. This is unsurprising given that both binding and non-binding case law is to the contrary. See generally S.S., 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 25133; see also Mackey, 386 F.3d at 165-66; C.G. L.G. v. N.Y. City Dep't of Educ., 09 Civ. 6169, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 114435, at *14 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 22, 2010); Arlington Cent. Sch. Dist. v. L.P., 421 F. Supp. 2d 692, 700-03 (S.D.N.Y. 2006). Additionally, because the IDEA preempts state law, the DOE cannot recoup payments it has made to plaintiffs via a claim it has asserted for unjust enrichment. See S.S., 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 25133 at *6. Accordingly, the DOE's motion for summary judgment on its counterclaims for return of the payments it has made to plaintiffs is denied.
For the reasons set forth above, plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment is denied; defendant's motion for summary judgment is granted insofar as it seeks dismissal of the complaint and denied insofar as it requests recovery of the payments it has already made to plaintiffs.
Dated: New York, New York
SO ORDERED:
, with 2008-2009 Special Education Delivery Report for Children's Workshop School, athttp://schools.nyc.gov/documents/teachandlearn/sesdr/2008-09/sesdr_M361.pdf .
finding that lack of parent training provision in IEP did not amount to a violation because hearing testimony established that school would have provided training
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declining to order parents to reimburse school district
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noting the absence of "any case in which parents were directed to reimburse a school district for payments that the school district made to the parents [pursuant to the stay-put provision] while their IEP challenge was pending"
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2 Dominican Sisters of Mission San Jose profess perpetual vows
The Motherhouse Chapel of the Dominican Sisters of Mission San Jose overflowed with sisters, guests and family members from California, Texas, Illinois, Canada and Vietnam for the profession of perpetual vows by Sister Mary Yun, OP and Sister Mary-Han Nguyen, OP on the feast of St. Dominic Aug. 8. Sister Gloria Marie Jones, OP, congregational prioress witnessed the rite.
Oakland Bishop Michael Barber, SJ, was principal celebrant and homilist. Divine Word Father Carl Seewald, the sisters’ chaplain, was among the concelebrants.
Sister Mary-Han was born in Vietnam, and entered the U.S. at age 16. Her parents and siblings live in Houston. Her sister, Sister Theresa Trang Nguyen is a Sister of the Lovers of the Holy Cross. Sister Mary-Han holds a graduate degree in pastoral ministry from Santa Clara University and currently serves as a parish faith formation director in Southern California.
Sister Mary Yun was born in Korea and entered the U.S. at age 12. Her mother and most of her family reside in southern California. Sister Mary holds a master of social work degree from UCLA and serves as a licensed clinical social worker.
“The Dominican Sisters of Mission San Jose feel blessed to embrace these women in their congregation and pray God’s blessings upon them and all they will serve in ministry,” the sisters said in a statement.
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Book Review: Once a Year
Book Review Once a Year By Axel Hoedt Reviewed by Sarah Bradley Axel Hoedt's Once a Year offers a series of photographs of traditional German festival costumes, a sort of project that has become more familiar with the recent work of Charles Freger, Estelle Hanania and Phyllis Galembo. Hoedt's work falls more inline with Hanania's approach, yet his take is his own. With a background as a fashion and portrait photographer, Hoedt's photographs revel in the strangeness of their subject matter.
Once a Year. Photographs by Axel Hoedt.
Steidl, 2013.
Reviewed by Sarah Bradley
Photographs by Axel Hoedt
Steidl, 2013. Hardbound. 104 pp., 83 color illustrations, 7x8-3/4".
Axel Hoedt's Once a Year offers a series of photographs of traditional German festival costumes, a sort of project that has become more familiar with the recent work of Charles Freger, Estelle Hanania and Phyllis Galembo. Hoedt's work falls more inline with Hanania's approach, yet his take is his own. With a background as a fashion and portrait photographer, Hoedt's photographs revel in the strangeness of their subject matter. A good fashion photographer isn't simply looking for beauty, but the moment where clothing transfigures the person wearing it -- a transformation perhaps never more powerful than with costume. Photographed against white backdrops or in the streets in both black and white and color, Hoedt's atmospheric images invite you to look, yet not in the same way documentary images do. In these images it is possible to see something beyond the garment. Momentarily still, Hoedt's photographs allow us flashes of a centuries old world hidden in the experience of otherness of this once a year tradition.
Once a Year, by Axel Hoedt. Published by Steidl, 2013.
The description from Steidl indicates that Hoedts images aren't typical depictions of these characters. These are not rowdy festival photographs, but portraits, not simply of the costumes but the physicality and robustness of the characters. Wooden-masked individuals in motley suits, foxes, storks and straw-covered bears fill the pages, their presence interrupted by occasional images of an empty village street or forest with heavy grey sky. Though some are recent constructions, the age of the characters are soaked into every fiber of the costumes. These characters exist as a manifestation of the place that birthed them and the people who have paid homage by playing these roles across centuries. Static but living, the human form is continually present, but always just a bit remote. A mesh mask may give a glimpse at the face behind it, but the person never fully emerges. They are embodiments of a liminal state between the human beneath the garment and the character they realize, creatures of deep imagination. Hoedt as photographer and participant is never very far. The edges of his studio set up creep into a number of the photographs, bits of the floor and camera stands appearing here and there. Elements that may first read as sloppiness ultimately ground the series by placing the subjects in context, affirming their oddness by acknowledging the studio in which they stand. The photographs are imbued with a sense of gentleness, as if Hoedt approached his subjects with both reverence and a bit of caution, careful not to disturb the fleeting world he was capturing.
The opening essay frames the book's intent as being one of experience rather than historical documentation, setting the images up to be reactive in their eeriness. Heike Geissler's In the Company of a Bear nimbly explores that line between the worlds of the day-to-day and the one of magical imagination evoked by these costumed characters, and manages to say a lot without being specific about anything. The tempered hand with which the essay was written is impressive, and creates a kind of odd counterpoint to the captions in the rear of the book which give a volume of specific information regarding the characters names and ages of costumes yet don't really say anything. I imagine a German audience long acquainted with the traditions and casts of these carnivals may have a different response. I knew next to nothing about what I was looking at, but figured that these costumes must have something to do with the Lenten season, some of the characters likely having roots in pagan tradition. A little research confirmed by guesses, but the book itself gives no explanation. But for the unaccustomed, the work achieves that state of otherness quicker, Hoedt's subjects being immediately unfamiliar. I am left with an overwhelming sense of that otherness, though it is not one entirely detached from what it is to be human.—SARAH BRADLEY
SARAH BRADLEY is a writer, sculptor, costumer and general maker of things currently living in Santa Fe, NM. Some of her work can be seen on her occasionally updated blog. She has been employed by photo-eye since 2008 and is Editor of photo-eye Blog and Magazine.
Labels: Book Reviews, Books, Sarah Bradley
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