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Shakespeare inspired novels
Dangerosa December 11, 2009, 4:10am #1
My bookclub is reading Fool by Christopher Moore, which is Moore’s retelling of King Lear (and about as true to the original as Moore’s retelling of the New Testament in Lamb).
We usually read in threes…anyone have any ideas for more novels that are inspired from Shakespeare plots? Nothing too dark, its Winter in Minnesota.
RealityChuck December 11, 2009, 4:24am #2
Terry Pratchett wrote several Discworld novels that were based on Shakespeare’s plays. They’re the ones featuring the witches and they’ve done Hamlet, McBeth, and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, among others.
commasense December 11, 2009, 6:38am #3
My friend L. Jagi Lamplighter has just released Prospero Lost, the first part of a three-volume fantasy novel based on characters from The Tempest. Unfortunately, you’ll have to wait until next summer for part two, Prospero in Hell, and some later date for the final part, whose name I don’t know.
Publishers Weekly:
Starred Review. Lamplighter’s powerful debut draws inspiration from Shakespeare and world mythology, infused with humor and pure imagination. Four centuries after the events of The Tempest, Prospero’s daughter Miranda runs Prospero Inc., a company with immense influence in the supernatural world. When she discovers a mysterious warning from her father, who has gone missing, Miranda sets forth accompanied by Mab, an Aerie Spirit manifested as a hard-boiled PI, to warn her far-flung, enigmatic siblings that the mysterious Shadowed Ones plan to steal their staffs of power. Every encounter brings new questions, new problems and a greater sense of what’s at stake. Featuring glimpses into a rich and wondrous world of the unseen, this is no ordinary urban fantasy, but a treasure trove of nifty ideas and intriguing revelations. A cliffhanger ending will leave readers panting for sequels.
Typo_Knig December 11, 2009, 12:32pm #4
Harry Turtledove’s Ruled Britannia. It’s a stand-alone single volume alternate history, with the point of departure being that the Spanish Armada succeeded in conquering England. I thought it was a fun read. I especially liked that you got two “new” Shakespeare plays in the book.
CalMeacham December 11, 2009, 1:52pm #5
Poul Anderson’s A Midsummer Tempest?
astorian December 11, 2009, 2:53pm #6
Jane Smiley’s “A Thousand Acres” is a novel based on “King Lear,” Or, rather, it puts King Lear in a modern, midwestern setting and turns Regan and Goneril into the heroines, while making Lear a pedophile and Cordelia a manipulative bitch.
C_K_Dexter_Haven December 11, 2009, 3:55pm #7
Sort of a hijack, but don’t miss the DVD of Canadian Broadcasting series SLINGS AND ARROWS. The first series is basically MACBETH with a side plot of ROMEO AND JULIET (with happy ending), about a repetoire company doing HAMLET.
Thudlow_Boink December 11, 2009, 4:43pm #8
“Shakespeare-inspired” in the sense of being about a Shakespeare production rather than having a plot adapted from Shakespeare: Robertson Davies’ fun early novel Tempest-Tost.
Translucent_Daydream December 11, 2009, 4:48pm #9
Wasn’t What Dreams May Come a novel before it was that movie?
(which by the way, is visually stunning)
Zebra December 11, 2009, 4:49pm #10
King Lear was inspired by the tales of Lear and his Daughters, which had been around for a while before Billy wrote his play. Shakespeare was also inspired by a recent law where Parliament gave adult children the ability to take over and manage the estate of aged/infirm parents.
Thudlow_Boink December 11, 2009, 4:57pm #11
Translucent_Daydream:
Yes, and it’s hardly the only one to have a title taken from Shakespeare.
I don’t think there’s much Shakesperean about it besides the title, though.
Morgis December 11, 2009, 6:06pm #12
One of my favorite series of books was inspired by The Tempest. No one seems to have heard of these books, and I think they might be out of print.
A Sorcerer and a Gentleman
The Price of Blood and Honor
The Well-Favored Man (written before the other two, but takes place after them)
by Elizabeth Willey
jjimm December 11, 2009, 6:12pm #13
Nothing Like the Sun by Anthony Burgess is a “Shakespeare inspired novel”, albeit not a Shakespeare plot - fictionalised speculation about his life and relationships instead. It’s a very good book indeed.
twickster December 11, 2009, 6:13pm #14
The Story of Edgar Sawtelle was inspired by *Hamlet. *
Invisible_Chimp December 11, 2009, 6:30pm #15
Gertrude and Claudius by Jon Updike is a sort of prequel to Hamlet.
Docta_G December 11, 2009, 6:46pm #16
Do titles/themes count?
Steinbeck, The Winter of Our Discontent
Huxley, Brave New World
Dangerosa December 11, 2009, 6:56pm #17
Nope, titles don’t count - has to be a “retelling” of a Shakespeare tale.
And, the group avoids SF and Fantasy. Not to say we don’t read it once in a while - but we really try to limit it (its an SF and Fantasy set of people - as in ‘run cons, specialize in the genre as professional librarians, partnered with and/or friends with published SF/Fantasy authors’ - so we try and ‘stretch’ a little for bookclub - though sometimes we stretch in odd ways - like reading Twilight).
But a lot of these suggestions are good, and the Discworld idea - though Fantasy - will go over well. And the Smiley would be an interesting partnering with Fool…though probably dark…
Dr.Rieux December 11, 2009, 7:29pm #18
Robert Nye’s novel, Falstaff, is the fictional memoirs of that character.
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chique March 18, 2002, 8:03am #1
When I was in Pensacola, FL, while attending one of the many schools the Navy sends you to after boot camp, I met a guy from Sauk Rapids, MN, with whom I shared a recruiter.
A dozen years ago I was stationed in Homestead, Florida, and - while on a smoke break - had a conversation with a NY acquaintance. The guy from NY had previously been stationed in Panama, and was good friends with a guy “…from one of those M states. Michigan, Missouri, Montana. Which one are you from?”
“Minnesota.”
“Ya know, I think that’s where he’s from. C’mon, let’s go talk.”
Turns out the guy from the M state was, indeed, from Minnesota, and the nephew of my family’s long-time insurance agent.
A while back a new person started frequenting Straightdope chat. We gpt to know each other a bit, and it turned out he graduated from college with the son of my high school trig teacher.
Early this morning I was talking with a fellow board member, and he mentioned he was looking forward to meeting with a chick from MN. I asked him where she was from. Turns out she is from my home town and likely either graduated with my little brother or the year after.
I don’t even live in a city, let alone a town. I don’t really know a lot of people. But I have, over the years, had four (at a minimum - may have had more but don’t remember) odd connections. Anyone else have such things happen?
Lsura March 18, 2002, 11:08am #2
Freshman year in college, 1200 miles from home at a small liberal arts school where I am the only person from my hometown. In my dorm, the RA for the bottom floor had an aunt who taught my best friend and two of my cousins in 2nd grade.
There have been others, but it’s too early to think of them right now.
kuroashi March 18, 2002, 11:32am #3
If you think about this, it would be more odd if there werren’t these kinds of connections, but actually going through the trouble of talking to people enough to find that kind of information out is the cool part.
I live in Japan and very rarely expect to find people from back home.
I ran into a guy that worked at the microbrew where I learned to drink copious amounts of beer as a teenager. He had come here to set up a microbrewery in this fine city as well.
I also ran into the guy I sold my car to before moving here. He got in a wreck with the thing, and used the insurance money to get here or something weird.
Leifsmama March 18, 2002, 4:06pm #4
While running for a flight at O’Hare, my mother and I were stopped by a woman, who by the way, niether of us had previously met. She wanted to know if my mom was “Lola’s daughter.” Which in fact she is. The lady had lived next door to my grandmother when she’d lived in Nigeria and thought my mother looked too much “like Lola” to not be her daughter!
epeepunk March 18, 2002, 4:59pm #5
I’ve been thinking to start a thread like this for a while, but didn’t think I had enough interesting stories.
But now that’s started, I’ll keep it rolling …
The Place: Fort Collins, CO., approximately 2000 miles from home.
The Occasion: Graduation of my sister-in-law from vet school.
The Event: Department picnic for the graduating seniors.
I am wandering around, since the only people I know are other family members. Stop by the grill, where a little conversation starts with one of the professors. She asks where I’m from (good conversation starter). I reply that I’m currently living in NJ.
“Oh, I grew up in New Jersay”
“Oh, where” (just to keep the conversation ball rolling - I am a polite boy.)
“Really, my uncle lives in Mullica Hill”
“What’s his name”
“George xxxxxxxxx”
“Oh yeah, I was in band with his son Gary.”
The next one is really my friend’s, but I am involved.
So anyway, I became good friends with a guy at work who shared my sense of humor (not easy) and so I invited him to a party one weekend. While there he met some of my friends.
A few weeks later he goes to a Mensa Convention in Cape Cod. On Monday in the office, he stops by my cube.
“Remember how once I told you that everyone I know knows everyone else?”
(me) “Uh-huh”
“Well this weekend I met a woman who had just spent the previous weekend visiting Tom (someone he had met at the party)”
A side benefit of living in Delaware is that we are so small that everyone is connected to everyone. Especially my son. I’ve run into people from his school at the gas station, K-Mart, Sears Hardware. The woman who provided labor support for the birth of our second son, her boyfriend did web development work for my previous firm. It starts to be ridiculous after a while.
Gorgon_Heap March 19, 2002, 1:01am #6
After thinking for a second, I realized I did have one of these …
I work at West Point. Last year, I had to set back my wedding day by a week due to the graduation ceremony for the cadets.
A weeka nd a half later, my wife and I are on our third stop of the honeymoon. We are in Toronto.
We walk around the town, going to the art museum, seeing sights, eating chinese food, and stopping off in bars.
Sitting in this great bar here they have one of my favorite beers (Warstiener), so I’m sittin gback and enjoying, listening to a bunch of younger guys who are being rowdy at the bar.
Afer a couple minutes, we overhear them mentioning the area surrounding our home town, so we walk over to chat. Well, the bunch of us are good and drunk, and we start talking about our homes in PA.
Turns out that these five guys are from only a couple miles away from us.
Then we started talking about what we do for a living. The one guy askes what I did and I tell him about my job in the service.
He askes my rank. I tell him and we talk about this for a moment before he says he’s just made second lieutenent. I say, “Oh. You go ROTC?”
He says, “No. I just graduated from West Point last week.”
Damn. It is a small world.
Jonathan_Chance March 19, 2002, 1:22am #7
Heck, I’ve got a couple…
A few years ago my mom and kid sister moved to Lead, South Dakota. Lady Chance and I go to visit them.
Somewhere between Lead and Rapid City I see a sign for a cave. We decide to visit.
It’s 20 frickin’ miles of dirt and gravel road to this little two-bit no account cave (that’s federally funded, nonetheless). Me, Lady Chance and my 17 year old sister.
I am wearing a concert shirt from a local band here in Virginia called Emmet Swimming.
Suddenly a man comes up to me and says, “How do you know Emmet Swimming? I lived across the street from those guys for a few years!” Zoinks!
Or another one closer to home. I’ve told it before…
I’m at Evecon (a local game convention) two years ago (2000, I guess) with a pal. I’m sitting down to play ‘History of the World’ and I look up and one of the guys across the table’s name badge says, “John Corrado”.
Imagine my surprise. One of the few Dopers who could be identified from both name and Board handle.
Small world, what?
peri March 19, 2002, 3:44am #8
My ex-roommate’s friends got married and we attended the post-nuptial party. Who else was there? My 6th grade boyfriend and my mother’s best friend. I found out that I had visited the groom’s grandmother, with mom’s friend, at least 15 years before I met him.
I went to Florence, Italy a few years ago. The first people I said hello to, other than hotel/restaurant staff, spoke flawless English, with nary an accent. It turns out they lived just a few miles from me.
kniz March 19, 2002, 6:34am #9
Surely y’all have heard of this:
Concept of the “Small World” Phenomenon
Also called the Six Degrees of Separation, the theory has been part of the conventional wisdom for years, inspiring a hit play and movie. It is a popular belief that anyone on earth can be linked to anyone else by a chain of only six other people.
After Marconi connected the world with the telegraph, it was determined that anyone, anywhere could be linked through 5.83 telegraph stations. Stanley Milgram, a psychologist verified this six degrees of separation in a 30-year-old social experiment where he sent a number of packages to different people and challenged them to get the package to the recipients with only the recipients’ names and occupations provided. He found that consistently it took the mailings through five other people (six degrees) until someone knew how to reach the intended parties. This proved consistent regardless of race, geographic location, or economic status.
There was the game popular in Hollywood of linking Kevin Bacon to any othe movie star by saying he played with X in a movie and X played with Y in another movie and Y played with Z. The point of the game was to make the closest connection.
There is also the fact that if you have a group of 24 people there is a very good chance that two of them will have the same birthday.
epeepunk March 19, 2002, 6:04pm #10
kniz
That’s the common assumption.
From the description of the Small World Study at Columbia University
But is it really true? A careful reading of Milgram’s own findings, suggests that the small world phenomenon, as commonly conceived, rests on extremely tenuous empirical foundations. The evidence that Milgram presents in support of his hypothesis leads to a considerably more restricted claim than is usual attributed to his work (only data from a single target is used and only a few dozen chains were ever completed, yet the small world phenomenon is frequently cited as universally valid). Furthermore, according to unpublished research by Judith Kleinfeld, based on her survey of Milgram’s original notes in the Yale archives, data that Milgram did not publish (on the Kansas study) did not support his hypothesis. Given the apparently tenuous nature of the results, it is perhaps surprising that no large-scale follow up studies were ever completed. Certainly subsequent studies were conducted, but these can be characterized as either as equally small or smaller (in terms of number of participants), or else as highly restricted contextually (such as within a single university).
Background History of the Small World Experiment has more description about the experiments. The author researched Milgram’s papers at Yale and found many things that weren’t reported in the popular press, such as that the groups of “starters” were not randomly selected, and the number of chains that didn’t get to their target.
It’s interesting reading, as academic papers go.
You can register for the project here
Lightnin March 19, 2002, 6:20pm #11
The summer of my 18th birthday I went mountain climbing in Colorado (I’m from Texas). On top of Mt. Elbert, the third-highest peak in the continental US, I met a fellow my age by the name of Garan.
We started talking, and it turned out that when he lived in Singapore, he dated a girl there that I’d recently dated in Houston!
I think it was at that point that I decided that there were really only six people in the entire world.
Irishman April 12, 2002, 3:48pm #12
Slightly different situation… just before my senior year of high school, my uncle took me on a trip to LA for a vacation. Of course we went to Disneyland. While in line for Space Mountain, he ran into a guy he knew who was coming home from a trip to Australia.
More on topic… my father grew up in a small, East Texas town. He became a high school science teacher in a town on the Gulf coast of Texas for a number of years, before moving to Arkansas, where my brother was born and I grew up. 20 years later, my brother is majoring in Aerospace Engineering and applies for a work-study job at Johnson Space Center in Houston. They go down for the interview, and it turns out one of the muckety-mucks in human resources was once a student of my dad at that high school.
meezer April 12, 2002, 4:36pm #13
When I was in my mid-twenties, I was island hopping in Hawaii and on one of the flights I ran into my elementary school music teacher. Yes, it is a small world.
Athena April 12, 2002, 4:38pm #14
Athens, Greece, 1990:
I was in a travel agent’s office, buying ferry tickets. There’s a group of people ahead of us, and I hear them mention something about Michigan. When they’re done, I chat with them a bit. Turns out they’re a group of students, there with a guy I graduated from high school with. He had just left Greece a day or two before, and I’d just missed running into him.
jayjay April 12, 2002, 4:40pm #15
When I was in college (Penn State), I was quasi-involved with a guy that I absolutely adored but who was seeing someone else. Call him “J”. He told me one time about how he and a friend used to sit at the gate to the campus when they were in high school and rate the guys passing by. I lost track of him after I dropped out and moved back home.
Fast forward to six years later. I’m going to school at the Job Corps Center in St. Paul, Minnesota. One woman who had started a few months before is standing outside the dorms talking about her friend J that she used to sit at the gate to the campus with and rate the guys passing by. I was only peripherally involved in this conversation until she said this. It turns out that she was J’s absolute best friend in high school.
She and I must have talked about State College and J and many other people for HOURS after that. Her boyfriend at the time was somewhat p.o.'d at me for monopolizing her…
3waygeek April 12, 2002, 5:06pm #16
1987 – I’m moving from Iowa to California after graduation from university. About 150 miles from my destination, my car breaks down quite fatally just a bit outside Ludlow, CA (a smallish town in the middle of the desert). I manage to get a tow into town – the guy running the service station I ended up at was an old friend of my Dad.
1989 – I’m living in Sherman Oaks, CA, and some friends and I are going out to see the movie Heathers, which had just come out. While waiting for the theater to clear, we were watching the end credits when I noticed the name of a girl I knew back in high school. I looked her up, and she was living two doors down from me.
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Let’s Work Together for Ohio and America
Bob Gibbs
Over thirty years ago, Bob Gibbs began his version of the American Dream. As a graduate of Bay Village High School, Bob went on to earn his degree from The Ohio State University Agricultural Technical Institute in 1974. From OSU, Bob founded Hidden Hollow Farms, a livestock production farm located in Holmes County, mostly producing market hogs.
As the owner/operator of Hidden Hollow, Bob began to take an active role in promoting agriculture throughout Ohio, leading him to serve as President of the Ohio Farm Bureau Federation for two terms starting in 1999. Since 1985 Bob has served on the Board of Trustees of the Ohio Farm Bureau, making him one of the more well-known and informed advocates of agriculture in Ohio.
In 2002, Bob used his small business and farming background to earn a seat in the Ohio House of Representatives. After being reelected by his constituents twice, he went on to win election to the Ohio Senate in 2008. In the Ohio Legislature Bob served as Chairman of the Senate Ways and Means Committee, and as Vice-Chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee.
In 2010, like many Ohioans, Bob was fed up with Washington. Bad policies like Cap-and-Trade, Obamacare, and many more examples of over-regulation by out-of-control federal agencies were instrumental in Bob’s decision to run for Congress. Bob went on to defeat a two-term incumbent by 14 points and was sworn in as a member of the historic class of 86 freshmen.
Once in Congress, Bob was named to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee and the Agriculture Committee, earning the highly sought-after position of Chairman of the Water Resources and the Environment Subcommittee. As a Subcommittee on Transportation, Bob’s Committee has sole jurisdiction over the Army Corps of Engineers and the EPA as it relates to the Clean Water Act.
Bob Gibbs has been fighting the status quo of Washington and trying to give the American people a voice in their own government once again. He has introduced three pieces of legislation. Two of these bills have since passed the House with bipartisan support and are aimed at reducing the government’s intrusion and regulatory burden that hurts our families, job creators, and our communities.
Bob is a member of the Farm Bureau, a life-member of the National Rifle Association, various Chambers of Commerce throughout Ohio, Pheasants forever, and the United Methodist Church.
Bob is a former board member of the Farm Bureau Bank and has held positions on the Ohio Cooperative Council, the Ohio Farm Bureau, and the Ohio Livestock Coalition. Bob served as President of the Loudonville Farmers Equity where he served on the board for over a decade. He also served as President of the Holmes County Extension Advisory Committee, the Holmes County Farm Bureau and is past supervisor of the Holmes County Soil and Water Conservation Service.
Bob is a recipient of the “Guardian of Small Business” award from the National Independent Federation of Small Businesses, the “Watchdog of the Treasury” from the United Conservatives of Ohio, and was named the Legislator of the Year (2012) by the Great Lakes Maritime Task Force.
Bob and his wife, Jody, have been married for 36 years and have three grown children: Adam, Amy, and Andrew.
Email: info@bobgibbsforcongress.com
Lakeville, OH 44638
Paid for by Gibbs for Congress
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Books.ch
Buch.ch
Buchhaus.ch
Stöbere bei Google Play nach Büchern.
Stöbere im größten eBookstore der Welt und lies noch heute im Web, auf deinem Tablet, Telefon oder E-Reader.
The Pilgrim's Progress, from This World to That Which Is to Come. With Notes and a Life of the Author by J. Ivimey. With Divine Emblems
HardPress, 19.10.2019 - 690 Seiten
The pilgrim's progress, from this world to that which is to come. With notes ...
John Bunyan was born in Elstow, Bedfordshire, England, in 1628. He learned to read and write at the village school and was prepared to follow his father's trade as a brazier when the English Civil War broke out in 1644 and he was drafted into the Parliamentary army. His military service brought him into contact with Oliver Cromwell's Puritan troops. Beginning in 1648, Bunyan suffered a crisis in religious faith that lasted for several years. He turned to the Nonconformist church in Bedford to sustain him during this period. His first writings were attacks against the Quakers. Then Charles II was restored to the throne and Bunyan was arrested for conducting services not in accordance with the Church of England. He spent 12 years in jail. During this time, he wrote his autobiography, Grace Abounding, in which he described his spiritual struggle and growth. During his last years in prison, Bunyan began his most famous work, The Pilgrim's Progress, a two-part allegorical tale of the character Christian and his journey to salvation. Part I was published in 1678 and Part II in 1684. The second part deals with the spiritual journey of Christian's wife and sons, as they follow in his footsteps. With its elements of the folktale tradition, The Pilgrim's Progress became popular immediately. Well into the nineteenth century it was a book known to almost every reader in England and New England, second in importance only to the Bible. So great was the book's influence that it even plays a major role in Little Woman by Louisa May Alcott. Such expressions as "the slough of despond" and "vanity fair" have become part of the English language. Bunyan's other works include The Life and Death of Mr. Badman and The Holy War. He also wrote A Book for Boys and Girls, verses on religious faith for children. Bunyan died in London on August 31, 1688.
Titel The Pilgrim's Progress, from This World to That Which Is to Come. With Notes and a Life of the Author by J. Ivimey. With Divine Emblems
Autor/in John Bunyan
Verlag HardPress, 2019
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DEFERRED PROSECUTION AGREEMENTS: THE BEST OPTION? OR A FLAWED IDEA?
Aziz Rahman
ARTICLE28 February 2019
Tesco has been associated for years with the advertising slogan “Every Little Helps’’. The supermarket giant may now be wondering if its deferred prosecution agreement was as helpful as it originally thought.
Last month, Carl Rogberg stood outside Southwark Crown Court after being acquitted of fraud in relation to the Tesco accounting scandal that led to £1.5 billion being wiped off the value of the company’s shares in one day. Rogberg was the last of three directors to be cleared in relation to the 2014 overstating of the company’s profits.
His acquittal meant that no individual has been found guilty of wrongdoing regarding the overstating. And yet Tesco admitted that there had been wrongdoing in order to secure a deferred prosecution agreement (DPA) in 2017 and avoid being convicted.
The contradiction could not be clearer: the company has stated clearly and categorically there has been criminal behaviour and yet nobody has been held to account for it.
It is a situation which raises a number of questions.
* Was Tesco’s decision to admit wrongdoing in order to gain a DPA and avoid prosecution a mistake?
* Is the DPA system flawed, as it encourages companies to admit wrongdoing at the first hint of a criminal investigation?
* And does that approach then mean that individuals – in the Tesco case, Rogberg and two colleagues – are left to fend for themselves once the company has secured a precious DPA?
The answer to the third question would appear to be “Yes’’. The three directors were prosecuted while Tesco was not. The company had secured its DPA by April 2017; paying a £129M penalty for the accounting scandal but avoiding criminal prosecution. At that time, the three directors – Carl Rogberg, Chris Bush and John Scouler - were preparing for their trial; which began late in 2017 but was abandoned after four months when Carl Rogberg suffered a heart attack. With all three having subsequently been cleared, Chris Bush has now resumed an unfair dismissal case against Tesco.
Tesco and the SFO
But, to consider the first question, was Tesco wrong to admit wrongdoing? The answer may be more complex than a simple yes or no.
When a whistle blower alerted the company’s new chief executive to financial irregularities an internal investigation discovered that the company had artificially inflated an estimate of its profits. In September 2014, Tesco issued a trading update saying that it had overstated its expected profit for the half year by £250M. Subsequent investigation revealed that the overstatement was actually £284M. This meant that anyone buying shares and bonds in the company before this was announced would have paid a higher price than they should have done.
This resulted in the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) beginning an in investigation into Tesco, suspecting it of false accounting, as defined by Section 17 of the Theft Act 1968:
Where a person dishonestly, with a view to gain for himself or another or with intent to cause loss to another destroys, defaces, conceals or falsifies any account or any record or document made or required for any accounting purpose; or in furnishing information for any purpose produces or makes use of any account, or any such record or document as aforesaid, which to his knowledge is or may be misleading, false or deceptive.
Faced with the possibility of prosecution, Tesco entered into discussions with the SFO about the possibility of obtaining a DPA. Introduced under the provisions of Schedule 17 of the Crime and Courts Act 2013, DPA’s are available to the SFO and Crown Prosecution Service. As an agreement reached between a prosecutor and an organisation that could be prosecuted, a DPA allows a prosecution to be suspended for a set period of time provided that the organisation meets specified conditions.
The DPA
The attraction of a DPA to Tesco at that stage is understandable. It offered the company a chance to make amends for the criminal behaviour without having to suffer the reputational damage, loss of position in the market place and lengthy trial that a prosecution and conviction could have brought.
In April 2017, the SFO announced that it had entered into a formal DPA with Tesco PLC which related only to the potential criminal liability of the separate company Tesco Stores Ltd and not the PLC or any individual employees or agents. The total cost to Tesco PLC was £325m, including £85m towards a compensation scheme agreed with the Financial Conduct Authority.
Seven months prior to this Carl Rogberg, John Scouler and Christopher Bush were charged with fraud. In December 2018, Scouler and Bush were cleared when the trial Judge Sir John Royce found at the end of the prosecution case that the evidence was insufficient to secure any prospect of convictions. He went as far as to say: “I concluded that, in certain crucial areas, the prosecution’s case was so weak that it should not be left for a jury’s consideration.”
With Rogberg’s case having now also ended without conviction, Tesco was left in a situation where it had paid out millions to avoid a conviction for wrongdoing even though the judicial system was unable to successfully prosecute anyone for that wrongdoing. There may well be many observers, therefore, who believe that Tesco’s decision to admit wrongdoing in order to gain a DPA was a mistake because a successful prosecution would have been unlikely. But such a view can now be formed with the benefit of hindsight. At the time it was being investigated, Tesco did not have that benefit.
Admitting Wrongdoing
Which brings us to the second question: whether the DPA system prompts companies to admit wrongdoing when they could stand their ground and defend themselves.
The details of the Tesco DPA were published after Carl Rogberg’s acquittal. In it, Tesco effectively criticises its own senior management. The DPA refers to “clear evidence of what amounts to a serious breach of criminal law’’ that “implicates senior management’’. But now that all the senior management figures who were charged have been cleared there is a clear argument to be made that Tesco could have defended itself successfully rather than hold its hands up, admit everything and take the DPA on offer.
The fact that we are only now seeing the terms of a DPA that blames senior management after they have been cleared indicates that the process needs to be reviewed and revised. The Crime and Courts Act 2013, which introduced DPA’s, stated that a DPA should only be reached in the interests of justice. It is debatable whether that has happened with Tesco.
The Price of Business?
DPA’s were introduced as a means by which a company could correct its mistakes and move forward. There is little doubt that they can be of value in achieving this. But there has to be concern that, at present, the DPA process could be viewed by companies as simply the price to be paid for doing business – a way of evading conviction and continuing to trade while certain individuals are left to face the full force of the law.
Perhaps companies should hold their nerve instead of folding at the first hint of a DPA. Allegations can often be successfully challenged and companies can emerge from an investigation with neither a DPA nor a conviction to their name. But that requires resolve, careful consideration of all the legal possibilities and a determination not to go for the DPA because it is the flawed, easy option.
It could be argued that Tesco did what it thought best at the time. There is also a case to be made that the SFO took the right course, as it ensured investors were compensated by Tesco and also sent out a message that even the directors at the biggest companies are not immune from prosecution.
It is still early days for DPA’s. There have only been four so far. But the process does appear to be in need of fine tuning to avoid any more contradictory outcomes like the one we have witnessed with Tesco
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Expert Insight: 'We Take An Iterative Approach To Solving Problems'
We talk to Jim Roovers Head of Electronics, R&D at Dyson
Chief Innovation OfficerInnovationInnovation Culture
Ahead of his presentation at the Chief Innovation Officer Summit in Singapore, we spoke to Jim Roovers Head of Electronics, R&D at Dyson
Based in SEA, Jim is Dyson’s Head of Electronics and oversees the program direction of all electronic technologies from concept to production across all product categories – a key part found in all of Dyson’s machines. He joined Dyson in 2012.
Jim graduated from the University of West-Brabant in the Netherlands specializing in Electronics Power Engineering. The bulk of his career was spent in Philips, the Dutch consumer electronics company, taking on roles ranging from development engineer to global project manager.
In 2010, Jim moved to Singapore from the Netherlands. Together with his wife Lyuba, they have a 10-year-old daughter, a 7-year-old boy and a 7-month-old baby boy. In his free time, he spends time with the family and keeps in shape by cycling, fitness and running.
Dyson is one of the most innovative companies in the world, what do you think has been key to your enduring success?
A relentless approach to problem-solving.
Dyson tackles the problem that others ignore. We are a technology company and invest £7m a week to make our technology the best it can be. We take an iterative approach to solving problems, challenging conventional thinking and asking ‘can this be done differently’?
We are a privately owned company and this means that we can take a long-term view to research and development. This year, we will invest £2.5bn in future technology, including the acquisition of a 517 acre site to increase our UK footprint 10 fold and create a second Wiltshire-based technology campus as well as the opening of a Singapore Technology Centre to further expand our global R&D work.
Can innovation be taught?
Having a problem-solving mindset to begin with is important in Dyson. The process of problem-solving can be further honed through hands-on experience developing Dyson products.
Dyson now employs 3,500 engineers and scientists around the world and we are looking to double our engineering team by 2020. Dyson believes in young minds. Through the work of the James Dyson Foundation, Dyson works with universities and schools to encourage a career in engineering and an interest in science, technology, engineering and maths.
Founded in 2002, the charity supports design, technology and engineering educational work in the UK and internationally through Foundations in America and Japan. To date, the James Dyson Foundation has donated £55m to charitable causes, including £12m to Imperial College London to create the Dyson School of Design Engineering. The Foundation also runs the annual James Dyson Award competition in 22 countries. The international design award celebrates university student invention to inspire the next generation of design engineers.
Having been at Dyson for the past 5 years, what’s the single biggest change you’ve seen?
Dyson’s transformation from a predominantly hardware to a global technology company.
Earlier this year, Dyson announced plans to recruit 110 software engineers across the globe. The company is on a quest to find the brightest software engineering minds to fuel its technology pipeline launching 100 new products over the next four years.
Whether it is investing in the UK to increase our campus by 10x, the opening of a Singapore Technology Centre or setting up of an Innovation Lab in Shanghai, Dyson is looking to grow its global engineering team and create intelligent machines for the future home.
How should people look to get senior buy in from senior management for a new idea?
At Dyson we encourage collaboration and an exchange of ideas.
Teams across disciplines and hierarchies are expected to work together in the R&D process and be prepared to defend their ideas with evidence and facts. The Dyson approach of design, build and test as well as an obsession with testing means that a new idea will always be heard if supported by a strong argument and facts.
What can our audience expect to hear from you in Singapore?
Dyson’s story started in 1993 when James Dyson, founder and chief engineer, launched its first product, the DC01 vacuum cleaner – 5,127 prototypes later. Today, Dyson employs 3,500 engineers and scientists around the world. Just four years ago, 90% of Dyson’s technology was hardware-based; today Dyson is looking to become a world leader in areas such as connectivity, motors, sensors, electronics, robotics, navigation, software and purification.
Find out how Dyson engineers better technology to solve the problems others ignore.
You can catch Jim's presentation at the Chief Innovation Officer Summit in Singapore on July 4 & 5.
How Idea Management Drives Tangible Employee Engagement
How to Create a Strategy to Retain Existing Clients
Could the Growth of 5G Finally Trigger the Extinction of Analog Phones?
Amazon latest delivery drone demoed in Las Vegas
Why healthcare providers need automated data capture
Data-as-a-service must become the new standard for datasets
Why companies should take advantage of mobile technology
Chevron and Occidental invest in CO2 tech
Rolls-Royce partners with AI company to support its aero-fleet engines
Intel's new AI wheelchair technology helps individuals regain autonomy
Amazon aims high with its cashierless tech system
Infographic: Payment trends and disruptors
Xiaomi IoT platform to support IKEA's smart light products
AWS ML training courses to be made free to access
UK government's attitude to RPA adopts "massive shift" toward implementation
Innovation Is As Much About Environment As Ideas
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Volvo ramps up production of new V60 diesel PHEV
Posted November 24, 2012 by Charles Morris & filed under Newswire, The Vehicles.
After the initial batch of 1,000 for model year 2013, production will increase to 4,000-6,000 units for model year 2014.
Volvo is increasing production of its V60 diesel plug-in hybrid. After the initial batch of 1,000 for model year 2013, production will increase to 4,000-6,000 units for model year 2014. The company has integrated assembly of the PHEV into the same production line as its other models, at the Torslanda plant in Gothenburg, Sweden.
"We are first in the industry to integrate a plug-in hybrid in an established production flow together with other car models," says Senior VP Peter Mertens. "The integration in the standard production flow gives the plug-in hybrid buyer the possibility to choose in principle all options available for the standard V60."
Volvo had to make some major modifications to the assembly line, as the PHEV includes over 300 more parts compared to a plain old V60. The battery pack must be lifted in through the car's tailgate, and carefully spun into position with only millimeters to spare.
"The 11.2 kWh lithium-type battery is the single most complex system in the car. The precision maneuver to get it in place is an excellent example of the state-of-the-art assembly process," says Mertens.
"The V60 Plug-in Hybrid is a unique car, a historic step, not only for Volvo but for the entire car industry. The first year's 1,000-car batch was sold out even before the car reached the showrooms and the order books for next year's cars are already filling up," concludes Mertens.
Source: Volvo
Tags: Volvo V60 PHEV
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U.S. Women’s Open Golf Championship Tees Off in Charleston
On May 30, 156 of the best golfers in the world will compete for the coveted title at the Country Club of Charleston
The 74th U.S. Women’s Open Golf Championship tees off on May 30 at the Country Club of Charleston, bringing world-class competitors and fans aplenty to the Lowcountry. For five days, 156 of the best golfers in the world will duke it out for the coveted title on James Island
1739 The year golf arrived in Charleston: local merchant William Wallace received a shipment of clubs from his Scotland-based brother.
The U.S. Women’s Open is available to professional and amateur female golfers with a Handicap Index not exceeding 2.4. For golfers, the lower the handicap, the better—meaning all these players are seriously skilled.
Only one amateur has ever won the Women’s Open. Catherine Lacoste—daughter of French tennis player (and polo shirt icon) René Lacoste and 1927 British Ladies Amateur champion.
The Country Club of Charleston holds a special place in the heart of Charleston native and Hall of Famer Beth Daniel. The two-time U.S. Women’s Amateur champion, who also won 33 times as a professional, first learned to play on this course.
Last year’s champ Ariya Jutanugarn became the sixth player to win both the U.S. Girls’ Junior (2011) and the U.S. Women’s Open championship (2018). She’s also the first-ever U.S. Open winner from Thailand.
Golf fans from across the country will descend on Charleston for the chance to watch their favorites in action—more than 100,000 people are expected to attend over the course of five days.
Channel Markers
Diggin' It
What started as the DIG SOUTH digital conference has grown into a tech media company which aims to be the region’s “hub for news and views on innovation across the region.” DIG SOUTH Tech Summit returns April 24 to 26, offering opportunities for networking among the South’s top tech executives an
Hitting the road for the holidays? Make the most of the drive time by queuing up hometown podcasts that’ll let you in on food-and-bev news, hidden Charleston histories, political issues, and more.
Charleston is having a wine bar boom, with spots from Kiawah to Daniel Island. While great vino is the through line, each bar has its own unique appeal
U.S. Women’s Open Golf Championship / charleston / 1927 / Golf / James / Local / Lacoste / Ladies / ONE
Creating a Cure
A local nonprofit races against time—and cancer
Let’s Hear It!
Charleston Jazz has a killer lineup slated for its fifth annual Charleston Jazz Festival, bringing tunes to venues...
Back to the Swamp
Cypress Gardens eyes a January reopening
Starr’s Power
A Water Album delivers an impactful, enraptured performance
Preservation as Witness
Edisto Island Open Land Trust takes on the restoration of the Reconstruction-era Hutchinson House
A Noble Cause
Nicholas Ashley-Cooper, the 12th Earl of Shaftesbury, speaks on restoring his family estate
Easy Sell
Kiawah River, the resort-style neighborhood on John’s Island, gives its farm stands a chic twist
What started as the DIG SOUTH digital conference has grown into a tech media company which aims to be the region’s “...
Installation artist Jennifer Wen Ma takes over the Halsey
How her interactive paper gardens will investigate the concept of utopia
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Religion, Spirituality and Interfaith
Compassion is no longer an option—it is the key to our survival. If our religious and ethical traditions fail to address these challenges, they will fail the test of our time.
--- Karen Armstrong, “Compassion: An Urgent Global Imperative”
Welcome to the Charter for Compassion page for Partners in the Religion, Spirituality and Interfaith sector. Here’s what you will find on this page:
What role does Religion/Interfaith/Spirituality play in supporting the global movement for compassion?
How does a Religious/Interfaith/Spirituality Organization or Institution become a Partner of the Charter for Compassion?
What groups or organizations are already Partners in the Religion/Interfaith/Spirituality sector?
The Test of Our Time
Religions and spiritual traditions have provided humankind with a variety of paths to personal enlightenment, various teachings for developing a relationship with an entity or entities outside ourselves in a universe full of mystery, and to a number of scriptures that not only tell the story of these paths and teachings but also guide us in how to live in community with other human beings and the world we inhabit.
The seed for the Charter for Compassion is this latter point—the idea that all world religions share a common thread about how to relate to other human beings—our mothers and fathers, our families, our communities, as well as the strangers beyond our boundaries.
Charter founder Karen Armstrong, who has studied and written widely about world religions and religious traditions, urges a more global perspective by all those involved in particular religions, faith traditions, and interfaith efforts. That global perspective is the realization that all human beings—not just those with whom we share a community—
urgently need our compassion, and the conviction that we must act to provide such compassion wherever there is suffering.
The Charter’s Call to Compassionate Action
Recognizing that “the principle of compassion lies at the heart of all religions, ethical and spiritual traditions, calling us always to treat all others as we wish to be treated ourselves,” the many world luminaries from a variety of faith traditions who contributed to writing the Charter made a specific call to all men and women:
To restore compassion to the center of morality and religion
To return to the ancient principle that any interpretation of scripture that breeds violence, hatred or disdain is illegitimate
To ensure that youth are given accurate and respectful information about other traditions, religions and cultures
To encourage a positive appreciation of cultural and religious diversity
To cultivate an informed empathy with the suffering of all human beings—even those regarded as enemies
How does a Religious/Interfaith/Spirituality Organization or Institution become a Partner of the Charter for Compassion ?
Become a Partner of The Charter
Since Karen Armstrong received the TED prize in 2008 and worked with other influential scholars and leaders to develop the Charter, the document has become central to a global movement and an organization, The Charter for Compassion .
Although the Charter for Compassion is in part supported by those who have committed themselves as Members, there is no fee for an organization to become a Partner, and we encourage you to join us by signing the Charter and then by declaring yourself a Partner organization.
The Charter provides regular, open conference calls for each of its sectors usually beginning with a provocative speaker. A summary report is published following each of these calls, and all Partners also receive general newsletters and announcements of upcoming events, conferences, and other information that may be of interest.
Each Partner organization has a dedicated link on our website so that others can read about what an organization is doing and perhaps form alliances with other organizations. An ongoing blog, relevant annotated bibliographies, and an ever-increasing library of resources is also available on our website. The Charter staff take seriously the need and the commitment to facilitate the connection of people who share the hope of making a difference.
Explore Our Resources
Connect with other Charter Partners, check out our newsletters and reports on conference calls, and read articles in our Compassion Reader. Please let us know about other resources that should appear in this section.
All paintings on this page by American figurative painter, George Tooker.
To contact the Religion, Spirituality, and Interfaith Sector, send us an email.
Religion & Spirituality Sector
Spirituality, Religious, and Interfaith Partners
Compassion and Religion Reader
The Work of Karen Armstrong
Guide Books, Outlines and Resources
Religion & Spirituality Blogs
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By Characteristic
Home > Select Indicators > Children and teens overweight or obese by gender > Map
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National KIDS COUNT
Children and teens overweight or obese by gender in the United States
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Children and teens overweight or obese by gender
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The text materials contained in this Web site may be used, downloaded, reproduced or reprinted, provided that appropriate acknowledgment appears in all copies and provided that such use, download, reproduction or reprint is for non-commercial or personal use only. The text materials contained in this Web site may not be modified in any way.
All rights in photographs, illustrations, artworks, and other graphic materials are reserved to the Annie E. Casey Foundation and/or the copyright owners. Prior permission to use, reproduce, or reprint any photograph, illustration, artwork, or other graphic material must be obtained from the copyright owner, regardless of the intended use.
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KIDS COUNT Data Center, datacenter.kidscount.org
A project of the Annie E. Casey Foundation
DEFINITIONS & SOURCES
Definitions: The share of children and teens ages 10 to 17 who are overweight and obese by gender.
For this indicator, children between the 85th and 95th percentile BMI-for-age are categorized as overweight, and children at or above the 95th percentile BMI-for-age are characterized as obese. The state-level data used here come from the National Survey of Children's Health. The National Survey of Children's Health uses height and weight, as reported by the parent or most knowledgeable adult, to determine a child's Body Mass Index, or BMI, which is used to determine if a child is overweight. The BMI is age- and gender-specific.
Data Source: Child Trends analysis of data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, National Survey of Children’s Health.
The state-level data used here come from the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). The NSCH includes information on over 102,000 children under age 18, with roughly 2,000 children per state. Households were selected through a random-digit-dial sample, and one child was randomly selected in each household. Information on each child is based on responses of the parent or guardian in the household who was most knowledgeable about the sampled child’s health. Information was collected via a computer-assisted telephone interview. For more information on the NSCH, see: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/slaits/nsch.htm
Data for the 2011-2012 NSCH was collected February 2011 through June 2012. Additionally, cell phones were contacted for the first time in 2011-2012, so trend comparisons should be made with caution.
Footnotes: Updated August 2013.
N.A. - Data not available.
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KIDS COUNT is a project of the Annie E. Casey Foundation to track the well-being of children in the United States.
Sign up for the KIDS COUNT Mailing List
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© 2021 The Annie E. Casey Foundation.
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Michael Erwin reelected to DeKalb BOE
Dan Whisenhunt Jul 23, 2014
Michael Erwin. Photo obtained via Facebook.
After an era of instability and uncertainty, voters decided to stick with the DeKalb School Board member who helped right the ship.
Incumbent District 3 DeKalb County Board of Education member Michael Erwin defeated a challenge from Atticus LeBlanc in the July 22 primary, leading with 65 percent of the vote. District 3 includes Avondale Estates.
Erwin was appointed to the seat by Gov. Nathan Deal after the governor removed his predecessor, Sarah Copelin-Wood, along with five other School board members. The governor had to intervene because the previous School Board’s dysfunction nearly cost the system its accreditation. The system has had its full accreditation restored since Erwin and other board members joined.
LeBlanc released a statement saying he called Erwin to congratulate him, and said he had no regrets about the race.
“I never doubted that I was not the ideal candidate for this position, but I also feared that if I didn’t run, and do everything in my power to address DeKalb’s education issues, I would always regret it,” he said. “I have met so many parents, teachers, and stakeholders in DeKalb that are concerned with our school system, and I truly hope that Dr. Erwin will make an effort to engage with these constituents.”
Erwin thanked his supporters via his campaign’s Facebook page.
“I look forward to serving as your representative to continue building upon the momentum created over the past 17 months,” he wrote. “Please remain engaged and keep an open mind.”
Going into the May 20 primary, Erwin’s status as an incumbent Board of Education member wasn’t seen as an advantage by his opponents. They tried to paint him as Deal’s pick, not the voters’ choice. Erwin is a U.S. Navy veteran and has been an educator since 1998. LeBlanc is a real estate investor who lives in unincorporated DeKalb County near Avondale Estates.
LeBlanc, a parent at the Museum School in Avondale Estates, argued that DeKalb has not progressed enough during Erwin’s time on the board. He tried to present Erwin as someone who is against charter schools. Erwin accused LeBlanc of using the charter schools issue to divide the community.
In his message to supporters, Erwin repeated the theme of unity behind DeKalb’s public schools.
“Together we can change the educational culture in DeKalb County for all of our children,” he wrote.
Atticus LeBlanc
Michael Erwin
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Ansley Atkinson Earns Athena Award
by DeLaSalle | April 27, 2018 | Headlines
A senior midfielder who has honed her soccer skills with the Islanders over the last four years has been named DeLaSalle’s Athena Award winner.
Ansley Atkinson will be honored at a luncheon May 4. The Athena Award is given annually to one senior female athlete in each Twin Cities high school and is based on excellence in individual sports or for participation and accomplishments in team sports.
Atkinson is a two-year captain for the DeLaSalle varsity girls’ soccer team who finished as a finalist for Ms. Soccer this past fall. She also earned All-metro Second Team this fall, is a three-year All Conference winner and a two-year Class A first team All-State winner. Atkinson is also a Distinguished Scholar, having earned a grade point average of 4.0 or higher through the first semester of her senior year.
Atkinson has received an athletic scholarship to play Division I women’s soccer at Creighton University, a powerhouse in women’s soccer in the NCAA.
Congratulations Ansley!
« Hammerschmidt Named New Volleyball Coach
Looking Ahead – April 27, 2018 »
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Label: DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE tablet, delayed release
Packager: Mayne Pharma
Marketing Status: New Drug Application Authorized Generic
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use Doxycycline Hyclate Delayed-Release Tablets safely and effectively. See Full Prescribing Information for Doxycycline Hyclate Delayed-Release Tablets.
Doxycycline Hyclate Delayed-Release Tablets, for oral use.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets are a tetracycline-class drug indicated for:
Rickettsial infections (1.1)
Sexually transmitted infections (1.2)
Respiratory tract infections (1.3)
Specific bacterial infections (1.4)
Ophthalmic infections (1.5)
Anthrax, including inhalational anthrax (post-exposure) (1.6)
Alternative treatment for selected infections when penicillin is contraindicated (1.7)
Adjunctive therapy in acute intestinal amebiasis and severe acne (1.8)
Prophylaxis of malaria (1.9)
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of doxycycline hyclate and other antibacterial drugs, Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (1)
The usual dosage is 200 mg on the first day of treatment (administered 100 mg every 12 hours) followed by a maintenance dose of 100 mg daily. (2.1)
In the management of more severe infections (particularly chronic infections of the urinary tract), 100 mg every 12 hours is recommended. (2.1)
Pediatric Patients:
For all pediatric patients weighing less than 45 kg with severe or life-threatening infections (e.g., anthrax, Rocky Mountain spotted fever), the recommended dose is 2.2 mg per kg of body weight administered every 12 hours. Pediatric patients weighing 45 kg or more should receive the adult dose. (2.1)
For pediatric patients with less severe disease (greater than 8 years of age and weighing less than 45 kg), the recommended dose is 4.4 mg per kg of body weight divided into two doses on the first day of treatment, followed by a maintenance dose of 2.2 mg per kg of body weight (given as a single daily dose or divided into two doses). For pediatric patients weighing over 45 kg, the usual adult dose should be used. (2.1)
Tablets: 50 mg, 75 mg, 80 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg (3)
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets are contraindicated in persons who have shown hypersensitivity to any of the tetracyclines. (4 )
The use of drugs of the tetracycline-class during tooth development (last half of pregnancy, infancy and childhood to the age of 8 years) may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth (yellow-gray-brown). (5.1)
Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported: Evaluate patients if diarrhea occurs. (5.2)
Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking tetracyclines. Limit sun exposure. (5.3)
Overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, including fungi, may occur. If such infections occur, discontinue use and institute appropriate therapy. (5.4)
Adverse reactions observed in patients receiving tetracyclines include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, photosensitivity, urticaria, and hemolytic anemia. (6)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Mayne Pharma at 1-844-825-8500 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Patients who are on anticoagulant therapy may require downward adjustment of their anticoagulant dosage (7.1)
Avoid co-administration of tetracyclines with penicillin (7.2)
Absorption of tetracyclines, including Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, is impaired by antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium, bismuth subsalicylate and iron-containing preparations (7.3)
Concurrent use of tetracyclines, including Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, may render oral contraceptives less effective (7.4)
Barbiturates, carbamazepine and phenytoin decrease the half-life of doxycycline (7.5)
Tetracycline-class drugs can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman, but data for doxycycline are limited. (5.6, 8.1)
Tetracyclines are excreted in human milk; however, the extent of absorption of doxycycline in the breastfed infant is not known. Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets use during nursing should be avoided if possible. (8.2)
1.1 Rickettsial infections
1.2 Sexually transmitted infections
1.3 Respiratory tract infections
1.4 Specific bacterial infections
1.5 Ophthalmic infections
1.6 Anthrax including inhalational anthrax (post-exposure)
1.7 Alternative treatment for selected infections when penicillin is contraindicated
1.8 Adjunctive therapy for acute intestinal amebiasis and severe acne
1.9 Prophylaxis of malaria
2.1 Usual Dosage and Administration
2.2 For prophylaxis of malaria
2.3 Inhalational anthrax (post-exposure)
2.4 Sprinkling the tablet over applesauce
5.1 Tooth Development
5.2 Clostridioides difficile-Associated Diarrhea
5.3 Photosensitivity
5.4 Potential for Microbial Overgrowth
5.5 Severe Skin Reactions
5.6 Intracranial Hypertension
5.7 Skeletal Development
5.8 Antianabolic Action
5.9 Malaria
5.10 Development of Drug-Resistant Bacteria
5.11 Laboratory Monitoring for Long-Term Therapy
6.1 Clinical Trial Experience
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
7.1 Anticoagulant Drugs
7.2 Penicillin
7.3 Antacids and Iron Preparations
7.4 Oral Contraceptives
7.5 Barbiturates and anti-epileptics
7.6 Penthrane
7.7 Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions
8.2 Lactation
12.4 Microbiology
17.1 Instructions for Breaking the 150 mg Doxycycline Hyclate Delayed-Release Dual-Scored Tablet
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets and other antibacterial drugs, Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
Doxycycline is a tetracycline-class antibacterial indicated in the following conditions or diseases:
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever and the typhus group, Q fever, rickettsialpox, and tick fevers caused by Rickettsiae.
Uncomplicated urethral, endocervical or rectal infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
Nongonococcal urethritis caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Lymphogranuloma venereum caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
Granuloma inguinale caused by Klebsiella granulomatis.
Uncomplicated gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi.
Respiratory tract infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Psittacosis (ornithosis) caused by Chlamydophila psittaci.
Because many strains of the following groups of microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to doxycycline, culture and susceptibility testing are recommended.
Doxycycline is indicated for treatment of infections caused by the following micro- organisms, when bacteriological testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug:
Respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae.
Respiratory tract infections caused by Klebsiella species.
Upper respiratory infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Relapsing fever due to Borrelia recurrentis.
Plague due to Yersinia pestis.
Tularemia due to Francisella tularensis.
Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae.
Campylobacter fetus infections caused by Campylobacter fetus.
Brucellosis due to Brucella species (in conjunction with streptomycin).
Bartonellosis due to Bartonella bacilliformis.
Doxycycline is indicated for treatment of infections caused by the following gram- negative microorganisms, when bacteriological testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug:
Enterobacter aerogenes
Shigella species
Acinetobacter species
Urinary tract infections caused by Klebsiella species.
Trachoma caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, although the infectious agent is not always eliminated as judged by immunofluorescence.
Inclusion conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
Anthrax due to Bacillus anthracis, including inhalational anthrax (post-exposure): to reduce the incidence or progression of disease following exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis.
When penicillin is contraindicated, doxycycline is an alternative drug in the treatment of the following infections:
Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum.
Yaws caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue.
Vincent's infection caused by Fusobacterium fusiforme.
Actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii.
Infections caused by Clostridium species.
In acute intestinal amebiasis, doxycycline may be a useful adjunct to amebicides.
In severe acne, doxycycline may be useful adjunctive therapy.
Doxycycline is indicated for the prophylaxis of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum in short-term travelers (less than 4 months) to areas with chloroquine and/or pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistant strains [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Patient Counseling Information (17)].
The usual dosage and frequency of administration of doxycycline differs from that of the other tetracyclines. Exceeding the recommended dosage may result in an increased incidence of side effects.
The usual dose of oral doxycycline is 200 mg on the first day of treatment (administered 100 mg every 12 hours), followed by a maintenance dose of 100 mg daily.
The maintenance dose may be administered as a single dose or as 50 mg every 12 hours. In the management of more severe infections (particularly chronic infections of the urinary tract), 100 mg every 12 hours is recommended.
For all pediatric patients weighing less than 45 kg with severe or life threatening infections (e.g., anthrax, Rocky Mountain spotted fever), the recommended dosage of doxycycline is 2.2 mg per kg of body weight administered every 12 hours. Pediatric patients weighing 45 kg or more should receive the adult dose [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
For pediatric patients with less severe disease (greater than 8 years of age and weighing less than 45 kg), the recommended dosage schedule of doxycycline is 4.4 mg per kg of body weight divided into two doses on the first day of treatment, followed by a maintenance dose of 2.2 mg per kg of body weight (given as a single daily dose or divided into twice daily doses). For pediatric patients weighing over 45 kg, the usual adult dose should be used.
Administration of adequate amounts of fluid along with capsule and tablet forms of drugs in the tetracycline-class is recommended to wash down the drugs and reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
If gastric irritation occurs, doxycycline may be given with food or milk [see Clinical Pharmacology (12)].
When used in streptococcal infections, therapy should be continued for 10 days.
Uncomplicated urethral, endocervical, or rectal infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis: 100 mg by mouth twice a day for 7 days. As an alternate dosing regimen for uncomplicated urethral or endocervical infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, administer 200 mg by mouth once-a-day for 7 days.
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections in adults (except anorectal infections in men): 100 mg, by mouth, twice-a-day for 7 days. As an alternate single visit dose, administer 300 mg stat followed in one hour by a second 300 mg dose.
Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) caused by U. urealyticum: 100 mg by mouth twice-a- day for 7 days.
Syphilis – early: Patients who are allergic to penicillin should be treated with doxycycline 100 mg by mouth twice-a-day for 2 weeks.
Syphilis of more than one year's duration: Patients who are allergic to penicillin should be treated with doxycycline 100 mg by mouth twice-a-day for 4 weeks.
Acute epididymo-orchitis caused by C. trachomatis: 100 mg, by mouth, twice-a-day for at least 10 days.
For adults, the recommended dose is 100 mg daily. For children over 8 years of age, the recommended dose is 2 mg/kg given once daily up to the adult dose. Prophylaxis should begin 1 or 2 days before travel to the malarious area. Prophylaxis should be continued daily during travel in the malarious area and for 4 weeks after the traveler leaves the malarious area.
Adults: 100 mg, of doxycycline, by mouth, twice-a-day for 60 days.
Children: weighing less than 45 kg, 2.2 mg/kg of body weight, by mouth, twice-a-day for 60 days. Children weighing 45 kg or more should receive the adult dose.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets may also be administered by carefully breaking up the tablet and sprinkling the tablet contents (delayed-release pellets) on a spoonful of applesauce. The delayed-release pellets must not be crushed or damaged when breaking up the tablet. Any loss of pellets in the transfer would prevent using the dose. The applesauce/doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets mixture should be swallowed immediately without chewing and may be followed by a glass of water if desired. The applesauce should not be hot, and it should be soft enough to be swallowed without chewing. In the event that a prepared dose of applesauce/doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets cannot be taken immediately, the mixture should be discarded and not stored for later use.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, USP 50 mg are white, oval tablets containing yellow pellets and debossed with "DV" on one face and plain on the other. Each tablet contains specially coated pellets of doxycycline hyclate equivalent to 50 mg of doxycycline.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, USP 75 mg are white, oval scored tablets containing yellow pellets and debossed with "D|5" on one face and plain on the other. Each tablet contains specially coated pellets of doxycycline hyclate equivalent to 75 mg of doxycycline.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, USP, 100 mg are white, oval scored tablets containing yellow pellets and debossed with "D|0" on one face and plain on the other. Each tablet contains specially coated pellets of doxycycline hyclate equivalent to 100 mg of doxycycline.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, USP, 150 mg are white, rectangular dual-scored tablets containing yellow pellets and debossed with "D|l|l" on one face and dual-scored on the other. Each tablet contains specially coated pellets of doxycycline hyclate equivalent to 150 mg of doxycycline.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, 200 mg are white, oval scored tablets containing yellow pellets and debossed with "D|D" on one face and plain on the other. Each tablet contains specially coated pellets of doxycycline hyclate equivalent to 200 mg of doxycycline.
The drug is contraindicated in persons who have shown hypersensitivity to any of the tetracyclines.
The use of drugs of the tetracycline-class during tooth development (last half of pregnancy, infancy and childhood to the age of 8 years) may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth (yellow-gray-brown). This adverse reaction is more common during long-term use of the drugs but it has been observed following repeated short-term courses. Enamel hypoplasia has also been reported. Use doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets in pediatric patients 8 years of age or less only when the potential benefits are expected to outweigh the risks in severe or life-threatening conditions (e.g., anthrax, Rocky Mountain spotted fever), particularly when there are no alternative therapies.
Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.
C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibacterial use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.
If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibacterial use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibacterial treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.
Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking tetracyclines. Patients apt to be exposed to direct sunlight or ultraviolet light should be advised that this reaction can occur with tetracycline drugs, and treatment should be discontinued at the first evidence of skin erythema.
As with other antibacterial preparations, use of doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, including fungi. If superinfection occurs, the antibacterial should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted.
Severe skin reactions, such as exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) have been reported in patients receiving doxycycline [See Adverse Reactions (6)]. If severe skin reactions occur, doxycycline should be discontinued immediately and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
Intracranial hypertension (IH, pseudotumor cerebri) has been associated with the use of tetracycline including doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets. Clinical manifestations of IH include headache, blurred vision, diplopia, and vision loss; papilledema can be found on fundoscopy. Women of childbearing age who are overweight or have a history of IH are at greater risk for developing tetracycline associated IH. Avoid concomitant use of isotretinoin and Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets because isotretinoin is also known to cause pseudotumor cerebri.
Although IH typically resolves after discontinuation of treatment, the possibility for permanent visual loss exists. If visual disturbance occurs during treatment, prompt ophthalmologic evaluation is warranted. Since intracranial pressure can remain elevated for weeks after drug cessation patients should be monitored until they stabilize.
All tetracyclines form a stable calcium complex in any bone-forming tissue. A decrease in fibula growth rate has been observed in prematures given oral tetracycline in doses of 25 mg/kg every six hours. This reaction was shown to be reversible when the drug was discontinued.
Results of animal studies indicate that tetracyclines cross the placenta, are found in fetal tissues, and can have toxic effects on the developing fetus (often related to retardation of skeletal development). Evidence of embryotoxicity also has been noted in animals treated early in pregnancy. If any tetracycline is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking these drugs, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.
The antianabolic action of the tetracyclines may cause an increase in BUN. Studies to date indicate that this does not occur with the use of doxycycline in patients with impaired renal function.
Doxycycline offers substantial but not complete suppression of the asexual blood stages of Plasmodium strains.
Doxycycline does not suppress P. falciparum's sexual blood stage gametocytes. Subjects completing this prophylactic regimen may still transmit the infection to mosquitoes outside endemic areas.
Prescribing doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.
In long-term therapy, periodic laboratory evaluation of organ systems, including hematopoietic, renal, and hepatic studies should be performed.
The safety and efficacy of Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, 200 mg as a single daily dose was evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study. Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, 200 mg was given orally once-a-day for 7 days and compared to doxycycline hyclate capsules 100 mg given orally twice daily for 7 days for the treatment of men and women with uncomplicated urogenital C. trachomatis infection.
Adverse events in the Safety Population were reported by 99 (40.2%) subjects in the doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, 200 mg treatment group and 132 (53.2%) subjects in the doxycycline hyclate capsules reference treatment group. Most AEs were mild in intensity. The most commonly reported adverse events in both treatment groups were nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and bacterial vaginitis, Table 1.
Table 1: Adverse Reactions Reported in Greater than or Equal to 2% of Subjects
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets Tablets, 200 mg
Preferred Term n (%)
Subjects with any AE 99 (40.2)
Nausea 33 (13.4)
Vomiting 20 (8.1)
Headache 5 (2.0)
Diarrhea 8 (3.3)
Abdominal Pain Upper 5 (2.0)
Vaginitis Bacterial 8 (3.3)
Vulvovaginal Mycotic Infection 5 (2.0)
Because clinical trials are conducted under prescribed conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trial may not always reflect the rates observed in practice.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of doxycycline. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Due to oral doxycycline's virtually complete absorption, side effects to the lower bowel, particularly diarrhea, have been infrequent. The following adverse reactions have been observed in patients receiving tetracyclines:
Gastrointestinal: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis, inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region and pancreatitis. Hepatotoxicity has been reported. These reactions have been caused by both the oral and parenteral administration of tetracyclines. Superficial discoloration of the adult permanent dentition, reversible upon drug discontinuation and professional dental cleaning has been reported. Permanent tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia may occur with drugs of the tetracycline class when used during tooth development [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Esophagitis and esophageal ulcerations have been reported in patients receiving capsule and tablet forms of drugs in the tetracycline- class. Most of these patients took medications immediately before going to bed [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
Skin: Maculopapular and erythematous rashes, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis, and erythema multiforme have been reported. Photosensitivity is discussed above [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Renal: Rise in BUN has been reported and is apparently dose-related [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].
Hypersensitivity reactions: Urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, serum sickness, pericarditis, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus, and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS).
Blood: Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia have been reported.
Intracranial Hypertension: Intracranial hypertension (IH, pseudotumor cerebri) has been associated with the use of tetracycline [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]
Thyroid Gland Changes: When given over prolonged periods, tetracyclines have been reported to produce brown-black microscopic discoloration of thyroid glands. No abnormalities of thyroid function are known to occur.
Because tetracyclines have been shown to depress plasma prothrombin activity, patients who are on anticoagulant therapy may require downward adjustment of their anticoagulant dosage.
Since bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin, it is advisable to avoid giving tetracyclines in conjunction with penicillin.
Absorption of tetracyclines is impaired by antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium, bismuth subsalicylate, and iron-containing preparations.
Concurrent use of tetracycline may render oral contraceptives less effective.
Barbiturates, carbamazepine, and phenytoin decrease the half-life of doxycycline.
The concurrent use of tetracycline and Penthrane® (methoxyflurane) has been reported to result in fatal renal toxicity.
False elevations of urinary catecholamines may occur due to interference with the fluorescence test.
Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category D:
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies on the use of doxycycline in pregnant women. The vast majority of reported experience with doxycycline during human pregnancy is short-term, first trimester exposure. There are no human data available to assess the effects of long-term therapy of doxycycline in pregnant women such as that proposed for the treatment of anthrax exposure. An expert review of published data on experiences with doxycycline use during pregnancy by TERIS - the Teratogen Information System - concluded that therapeutic doses during pregnancy are unlikely to pose a substantial teratogenic risk (the quantity and quality of data were assessed as limited to fair), but the data are insufficient to state that there is no risk.1
A case-control study (18,515 mothers of infants with congenital anomalies and 32,804 mothers of infants with no congenital anomalies) shows a weak but marginally statistically significant association with total malformations and use of doxycycline anytime during pregnancy. Sixty-three (0.19%) of the controls and 56 (0.30%) of the cases were treated with doxycycline. This association was not seen when the analysis was confined to maternal treatment during the period of organogenesis (that is, in the second and third months of gestation), with the exception of a marginal relationship with neural tube defect based on only two-exposed cases.2
A small prospective study of 81 pregnancies describes 43 pregnant women treated for 10 days with doxycycline during early first trimester. All mothers reported their exposed infants were normal at 1 year of age.3
Nonteratogenic effects: [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.6)].
Tetracyclines are excreted in human milk, however, the extent of absorption of tetracyclines including doxycycline, by the breastfed infant is not known. Short-term use by lactating women is not necessarily contraindicated. The effects of prolonged exposure to doxycycline in breast milk are unknown4. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from doxycycline, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.6)].
Because of the effects of drugs of the tetracycline-class on tooth development and growth, use doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets in pediatric patients 8 years of age or less only when the potential benefits are expected to outweigh the risks in severe or life-threatening conditions (e.g., anthrax, Rocky Mountain spotted fever), particularly, when there are no alternative therapies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.6) and Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.3)].
Clinical studies of doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, USP, 50 mg contain 3 mg (0.131 mEq) of sodium.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, USP, 75 mg contain 4.5 mg (0.196 mEq) of sodium.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, USP, 100 mg contain 6 mg (0.261 mEq) of sodium.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, USP, 200 mg contain 12 mg (0.522 mEq) of sodium.
In case of overdosage, discontinue medication, treat symptomatically and institute supportive measures. Dialysis does not alter serum half-life and thus would not be of benefit in treating cases of overdosage.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, for oral administration, contain specially coated pellets of doxycycline hyclate, a broad-spectrum antibacterial synthetically derived from oxytetracycline, in a delayed-release formulation for oral administration.
The structural formula for doxycycline hyclate is:
with a molecular formula of C22H24N2O8, HCl, ½ C2H6O, ½ H2O and a molecular weight of 512.9. The chemical designation for doxycycline hyclate is [4S(4aR,5S,5aR,6R,12aS)]-4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6- methyl-1,11-deoxonaphthacene-2-carboxamide monohydrochloride, compound with ethyl alcohol (2:1), monohydrate. Doxycycline hyclate is a yellow crystalline powder soluble in water and in solutions of alkali hydroxides and carbonates. Doxycycline has a high degree of lipid solubility and a low affinity for calcium binding. It is highly stable in normal human serum. Doxycycline will not degrade into an epianhydro form. Inactive ingredients in the tablet formulation are: lactose monohydrate; microcrystalline cellulose; sodium lauryl sulfate; sodium chloride; talc; anhydrous lactose; corn starch; crospovidone; magnesium stearate; cellulosic polymer coating.
Doxycycline is an antibacterial drug [see Microbiology (12.4)].
Following single and multiple-dose administration of doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, 200 mg to adult volunteers, average peak plasma doxycycline concentration (Cmax) was 4.6 mcg/mL and 6.3 mcg/mL, respectively with median tmax of 3 hours; the corresponding mean plasma concentration values 24 hours after single and multiple doses were 1.5 mcg/mL and 2.3 mcg/mL, respectively.
Doxycycline is virtually completely absorbed after oral administration.
Effect of Food
The mean Cmax and AUC 0-∞ of doxycycline are 24% and 13% lower, respectively, following single dose administration of doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, 100 mg with a high fat meal (including milk) compared to fasted conditions. The mean Cmax of doxycycline is 19% lower and the AUC 0-∞ is unchanged following single dose administration of doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, 150 mg with a high fat meal (including milk) compared to fasted conditions. The clinical significance of these decreases is unknown. Doxycycline bioavailability from doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, 200 mg was not affected by food, but the incidence of nausea was higher in fasted subjects. The 200 mg tablets may be administered without regard to meals.
When doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets are sprinkled over applesauce and taken with or without water, the extent of doxycycline absorption is unchanged, but the rate of absorption is increased slightly.
Tetracyclines are concentrated in bile by the liver and excreted in the urine and feces at high concentrations and in a biologically active form. Excretion of doxycycline by the kidney is about 40%/72 hours in individuals with a creatinine clearance of about 75 mL/min. This percentage may fall as low as 1-5%/72 hours in individuals with a creatinine clearance below 10 mL/min.
Patients with Renal Impairment
Studies have shown no significant difference in the serum half-life of doxycycline (range 18 to 22 hours) in individuals with normal and severely impaired renal function. Hemodialysis does not alter the serum half-life.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of sparse concentration-time data of doxycycline. Following standard of care intravenous and oral dosing in 44 children (2-18 years of age) showed that allometrically-scaled clearance of doxycycline in children ≥2 to ≤8 years of age (median [range] 3.58 [2.27-10.82] L/h/70 kg, N=11) did not differ significantly from children >8 to 18 years of age (3.27 [1.11-8.12] L/h/70 kg, N=33). For pediatric patients weighing ≤45 kg, body weight normalized doxycycline CL in those ≥2 to ≤8 years of age (median [range] 0.071 [0.041-0.202] L/kg/h, N=l0) did not differ significantly from those >8 to 18 years of age (0.081 [0.035-0.126] L/kg/h, N=8). In pediatric patients weighing >45 kg no clinically significant differences in body weight normalized doxycycline CL were observed between those ≥2 to ≤8 years (0.050 L/kg/h, N=l) and those >8 years of age (0.044 [0.014-0.121] L/kg/h, N=25). No clinically significant difference in CL differences between oral and IV were observed in the small cohort of pediatric patients who received the oral (N=l9) or IV (N=21) formulation alone.
Doxycycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Doxycycline has bacteriostatic activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Cross-resistance between tetracyclines is common.
Doxycycline has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections. [see Indications and Usage (1)].
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Bartonella bacilliformis
Brucella species
Campylobacter fetus
Francisella tularensis
Haemophilus ducreyi
Klebsiella granulomatis
Klebsiella species
Vibrio cholerae
Yersinia pestis
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Bacillus anthracis
Anaerobic Bacteria
Clostridium species
Fusobacterium fusiforme
Norcardiae and other aerobic Actinomyces species
Chlamydophila psittaci
Rickettsiae
Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Balantidium coli
Entamoeba species
Plasmodium falciparum1
Doxycycline has been found to be active against the asexual erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium falciparum but not against the gametocytes of P. falciparum. The precise mechanism of action of the drug is not known.
Long-term studies in animals to evaluate carcinogenic potential of doxycycline have not been conducted. However, there has been evidence of oncogenic activity in rats in studies with the related antibacterials, oxytetracycline (adrenal and pituitary tumors) and minocycline (thyroid tumors). Likewise, although mutagenicity studies of doxycycline have not been conducted, positive results in in vitro mammalian cell assays have been reported for related antibacterials (tetracycline, oxytetracycline).
Doxycycline administered orally at dosage levels as high as 250 mg/kg/day had no apparent effect on the fertility of female rats. Effect on male fertility has not been studied.
Hyperpigmentation of the thyroid has been produced by members of the tetracycline- class in the following species: in rats by oxytetracycline, doxycycline, tetracycline PO4, and methacycline; in minipigs by doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline PO4, and methacycline; in dogs by doxycycline and minocycline; in monkeys by minocycline.
Minocycline, tetracycline PO4, methacycline, doxycycline, tetracycline base, oxytetracycline HCl, and tetracycline HCl, were goitrogenic in rats fed a low iodine diet. This goitrogenic effect was accompanied by high radioactive iodine uptake. Administration of minocycline also produced a large goiter with high radioiodine uptake in rats fed a relatively high iodine diet.
Treatment of various animal species with this class of drugs has also resulted in the induction of thyroid hyperplasia in the following: in rats and dogs (minocycline); in chickens (chlortetracycline); and in rats and mice (oxytetracycline). Adrenal gland hyperplasia has been observed in goats and rats treated with oxytetracycline.
Results of animal studies indicate that tetracyclines cross the placenta and are found in fetal tissues.
This was a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, multicenter trial which enrolled 495 subjects, between 19 to 45 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of urogenital C. trachomatis infection less than 14 days prior to enrollment, or partner(s) of a subject with a known positive test for urogenital C. trachomatis infection.
The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets Tablets, 200 mg once daily versus doxycycline hyclate capsules, 100 mg twice daily for seven days for the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital C. trachomatis infection. The primary efficacy objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of the doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, 200 mg once daily treatment regimen versus the doxycycline 100 mg twice daily treatment regimen for the indication using a negative nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) at the test of cure visit (day 28) in the mITT population (subjects who were positive at baseline and took at least one day of study drug).
Table 2: Primary Efficacy Outcome – Microbiological Cure of C. trachomatis at Day 28
mITT Population
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, 200 mg once daily
Cure Rate (%)
Doxycycline hyclate capsules, 100 mg twice daily
N 188 190
Microbiological Cure, n (%) 163 (86.7) 171 (90.0) -3.3%
95% Confidence Interval for Cure Rate -10.3, 3.7
1. Friedman JM, Polifka JE. Teratogenic Effects of Drugs. A Resource for Clinicians (TERIS). Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 2000: 149-195.
2. Cziezel AE and Rockenbauer M. Teratogenic study of doxycycline. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 89: 524-528.
3. Horne HW Jr. and Kundsin RB. The role of mycoplasma among 81 consecutive pregnancies: a prospective study. Int J Fertil 1980; 25: 315-317.
4. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); [Last Revision Date 2015 March 10; cited 2016 Jan]. Doxycycline; LactMed Record Number: 100; [about 3 screens]. Available from: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/lactmed.htm .
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, USP, 50 mg are white, oval tablets containing yellow pellets and debossed with "DV" on one face and plain on the other. Each tablet contains specially coated pellets of doxycycline hyclate equivalent to 50 mg of doxycycline.
Bottles of 120 tablets
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, USP, 75 mg are white, oval scored tablets containing yellow pellets and debossed with "D|5" on one face and plain on the other. Each tablet contains specially coated pellets of doxycycline hyclate equivalent to 75 mg of doxycycline.
Bottles of 60 tablets
Bottles of 30 tablets Bottles of 100 tablets
NDC 68308-715-30 NDC 68308-715-10
Bottles of 30 tablets Bottles of 60 tablets
Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15 – 30°C (59 – 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container (USP).
Patients taking doxycycline for malaria prophylaxis should be advised:
that no present-day antimalarial agent, including doxycycline, guarantees protection against malaria.
to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes by using personal protective measures that help avoid contact with mosquitoes, especially from dusk to dawn (for example, staying in well-screened areas, using mosquito nets, covering the body with clothing, and using an effective insect repellent).
that doxycycline prophylaxis:
should begin 1 to 2 days before travel to the malarious area,
should be continued daily while in the malarious area and after leaving the malarious area,
should be continued for 4 further weeks to avoid development of malaria after returning from an endemic area,
should not exceed 4 months.
All patients taking doxycycline should be advised:
to avoid excessive sunlight or artificial ultraviolet light while receiving doxycycline and to discontinue therapy if phototoxicity (for example, skin eruptions, etc.) occurs. Sunscreen or sunblock should be considered [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
to drink fluids liberally along with doxycycline to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
that the absorption of tetracyclines is reduced when taken with foods, especially those that contain calcium. However, the absorption of doxycycline is not markedly influenced by simultaneous ingestion of food or milk [see Drug Interactions (7.3)].
that the absorption of tetracyclines is reduced when taken with antacids containing aluminum, calcium or magnesium, bismuth subsalicylate, and iron-containing preparations [see Drug Interactions (7.3)].
that the use of doxycycline might increase the incidence of vaginal candidiasis.
Diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibacterials which usually ends when the antibacterial is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibacterials, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as two or more months after having taken the last dose of antibacterial. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.
Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (for example, the common cold). When doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets or other antibacterial drugs in the future.
The tablet is marked with separation lines (score lines) and may be broken at these score lines to provide any of the following doses.
150 mg treatment (the entire tablet is taken)
100 mg treatment (two thirds of the tablet or two 50 mg tablet segments are taken)
50 mg treatment (one third of the tablet is taken)
To break the tablet, the tablet is held between the thumbs and index fingers close to the appropriate score line. Then, with the score line facing the patient, enough pressure is applied to snap the tablet segments apart (segments that do not break along the score line should not be used).
FDA-Approved Patient Labeling Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets, 50 mg, 75 mg, 80 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg and 200 mg
Instructions for Breaking the 150 mg Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release dual-scored tablet
Your doctor may find it necessary to adjust your dosage of doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets to obtain the proper treatment response. The tablet is marked with separation lines (score lines) and may be broken at these score lines to provide any of the following doses. If your doctor prescribed:
150 mg treatment (take the entire tablet)
100 mg treatment (take two thirds of the tablet or two 50 mg tablet segments)
50 mg treatment (take one third of the tablet)
To break the tablet, hold the tablet between your thumbs and index fingers close to the appropriate score line. Then, with the score line facing you, apply enough pressure to snap the tablet segments apart (do not use segments that do not break along the score line).
Mayne Pharma
Mayne Pharma International Pty Ltd
Salisbury South, SA 5106
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 50 mg Tablet Bottle Label
Doxycycline Hyclate
Delayed-Release
Do not chew or crush tablets.
Each tablet contains specially coated pellets
of doxycycline hyclate equivalent to 50 mg of
doxycycline.
Delayed-Release Tablets, USP
Each tablet contains specially coated pellets of doxycycline
hyclate equivalent to 80 mg of doxycycline.
doxycycline hyclate tablet, delayed release
Doxycycline Hyclate (UNII: 19XTS3T51U) (Doxycycline Anhydrous - UNII:334895S862) Doxycycline Anhydrous 50 mg
Anhydrous Lactose (UNII: 3SY5LH9PMK)
CROSPOVIDONE (120 .MU.M) (UNII: 68401960MK)
HYPROMELLOSE 2910 (6 MPA.S) (UNII: 0WZ8WG20P6)
HYPROMELLOSE PHTHALATE (24% PHTHALATE, 55 CST) (UNII: 87Y6436BKR)
TRIETHYL CITRATE (UNII: 8Z96QXD6UM)
Color WHITE (containing yellow pellets) Score no score
Flavor Imprint Code D;V
NDA AUTHORIZED GENERIC NDA050795 05/26/2016
Color WHITE (containing yellow pellets) Score 2 pieces
Flavor Imprint Code D;8
Labeler - Mayne Pharma (867220261)
Mayne Pharma International Pty Ltd 756003745 MANUFACTURE(51862-709, 51862-571) , ANALYSIS(51862-709, 51862-571) , PACK(51862-709, 51862-571) , LABEL(51862-709, 51862-571)
Mayne Pharma Inc. 867220261 PACK(51862-709, 51862-571) , LABEL(51862-709, 51862-571) , ANALYSIS(51862-709, 51862-571)
1 1653433 doxycycline hyclate 50 MG Delayed Release Oral Tablet PSN
2 1653433 doxycycline hyclate 50 MG Delayed Release Oral Tablet SCD
5 2122343 doxycycline (as doxycycline hyclate) 80 MG Delayed Release Oral Tablet SY
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/labelrss.cfm?setid=f9c63af9-d613-43fc-b8e5-ab6219f24c70
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Georgian Orthodox Church issues statement on madrasa incident
(TV-25.)
TBILISI, DFWatch–Patriarchate of Georgia claims that a boarding school for Muslim kids was built against the will of a majority of the local population in Kobuleti, a small town on Black Sea coast.
For the last few days, locals have tried to oppose the opening of the madrasa.
The Georgian Orthodox Church, which is very influential, wrote in a statement on Thursday that the Patriarchate condemns the Islamophobic incident in Kobuleti, but it also sees a provocation against the will of the majority of the population. The Patriarchate claims the construction of the madrasa wasn’t agreed with the government.
However Sulkhan Evgenidze, head of Kobuleti municipality, says that Muslims actually had a right to open a boarding school there. He told Interpressnews that even though locals were against, it was an insult to slaughter a pig and attach the head to the entrance.
He recalled that during the election, the building was being refurbished when he visited it and learned that Muslims were building a boarding school to support school kids.
“Everyone must respect other religions,” he said.
The Patriarchate writes that what happened in Kobuleti is serious insult of religious feelings of Muslims, which is unacceptable for any traditional religions, and the Orthodox Church condemns it.
“It is suspicious that on the one hand it happened when the head of Turkey’s religious affairs authority is planning to visit Georgia and on the other hand in Tbilisi there is planned a two-day international conference on freedom of religion,” the statement reads.
The Georgian Ombudsman has begun looking into the incident on September 10 and on Thursday also issued a statement condemning religious intolerance. He wrote that he hopes it won’t cause confrontation between different confessions and an escalation of the situation.
The Public Defender calls on law enforcement bodies to conduct an effective investigation, identify those involved in the incident and bring sanctions against them within the frames of law, in order to prevent such incidents in the future.
The Ombudsman also calls on the government to take steps in regard to religious intolerance and work on raising awareness among the population.
Meanwhile, Thursday morning locals again rallied in front of the boarding school. They are against the idea of having a Muslim facility in a district populated by Orthodox Christians. Some of them want the government to determine whether it is legal to construct a boarding school there.
On Thursday, the pig’s head was taken down from the entrance door of the boarding school. In the yard of the school there is a cross, which according to Shamil Kakaladze, who will chair the school, was put there two weeks ago. They perceived it as a provocation and decided not to fall for it, but soon they discovered a pig’s head at the entrance, which is a serious insult to Muslims.
By DFWatch staff| 2014-10-28T16:32:28+04:00 September 12th, 2014|Categories: Minorities, News|Tags: planned madrasa in Kobuleti|0 Comments
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Colorized Footage from Around the World in 1890
In the 1890s the world was changing, though not fast enough for some. It was an age of increasing technology and innovation, but was also firmly part of the Gilded Age, a time when oil and railroad tycoons (among others) had unchecked powers to buy up whatever they could afford. At the same time many average people were seeking work in service to these rich households.
Via/ YouTube
For many regular folks, the times were complicated. The tail end of the Victorian era not only brought lots of jobs and increased travel, but it also brought with it slums, gang violence, and mass immigration from troubled areas. Before the worldwide involvement in World War I (and the final sweep of industrialization it ushered in), many people in various countries took a more provencal view of the world- wearing traditional dress and making a living by traditional means when possible.
It’s fascinating to think of how people lived back then. Even though motion pictures were a very new idea at the time, there exists footage from all over the globe from just before the dawn of the 20th century. Colorized film of the era brings to life a time in history when most people had still never had a photograph taken of themselves, let alone been captured in moving images.
Have a look at how people were living in Israel, Italy, Japan, England, the U.S. and more in colorized footage from the 1890s below.
One Room Schoolhouse Loving Turned into Family Home: Click “Next Page” below!
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Tag: Governor Gary r. Herbert
U.S. State and Local Governments’ Justifications for Consenting to Resettlement of Refugees
A prior post gave the most current list of 34 states (19 Democrat and 15 Republican) that have consented to refugee resettlement. Now we look at the justifications for consent provided by some of those states.[1]
Praise for Refugees
Although perhaps unanticipated by the Trump Administration, many states that have consented to resettlement of refugees, including some headed by Republican governors, also have reminded all Americans of our national and individual states’ histories of welcoming refugees and other immigrants and of the contributions these individuals have made to our life, culture and economies.
Arizona. The state’s Republican Governor Douglas A. Ducey said, “ Throughout our nation’s history, the United States has been a refuge for individuals fleeing religious and political persecution in their homeland, and Arizona has historically been one of the most welcoming states in terms of the number of refugees resettled here. Refugees arriving in the United States have been vetted and approved by the appropriate national security agencies and Department of State and have been granted legal entry to make a new home in the land of the free.”
Colorado. In a December 16, 2019, letter, Democrat Governor Jared Polis said, “Colorado will continue to assist and resettle more refugees in our communities as long as people around the world are displaced from their home countries.”
“Since 1980, Colorado has welcomed individuals and families fleeing persecution, war, and violence from all over the world through the United States Refugee Admissions Program. Having a robust refugee program ensures that we are upholding our American values of humanitarianism, freedom, and opportunity. Not only is investing in refugees the compassionate and humane thing to do, refugees contribute to our economy in ways that benefit all Coloradans. For every dollar Colorado invests in refugees, we receive a $1.23 return on investment in tax revenue, and four new Colorado jobs are created for every refugee who is resettled in our State.”
Connecticut. Its Democrat Governor Ned Lamont said, “It is a bedrock principle of the United States of America that we welcome to our shores those fleeing tyranny, persecution and violence. As you well know, prior to being admitted to the United States, a refugee must undergo a rigorous vetting process. And we know from our own experience here in Connecticut that refugees enrich the communities that offer them shelter- socially, culturally, and economically. In addition, many people are resettled in our country as part of the Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) program, because they have put their lives and safety, and that of their families, at risk to help ensure the success and safety of our military service members in Afghanistan and Iraq. Connecticut is proud to do its part to honor our country’s commitment to them. The policy of the Trump Administration over several years to cut dramatically the number of refugees allowed to resettle in the United States is antithetical to our heritage and our values.”
Delaware. Democrat Governor John C. Carney had these words: “Our country has historically been a refuge of safe harbor for those fleeing war-torn countries, violence, and political persecution. We should continue to stand as a beacon of hope and freedom for people around the world. In that spirit, as Delawareans, we are proud to do our part, and continue to accept the resettlement of refugees.”
Illinois. Democrat Governor JB Pritzker said, “Since 1975, the State of Illinois has welcomed and resettled more than 130,000 refugees from more than 86 countries. In recent years, 1,000 to 3,000 refugees, those seeking asylum, and victims of human trafficking arrived in Illinois annually. Refugees have successfully rebuilt their lives and made positive social and economic contributions to Illinois. They have helped revitalize neighborhoods and added to the cultural vitality of our state and communities. As survivors of persecution, refugees embody the importance of human rights, democracy, and freedom. Refugees’ resilience in the face of hardship inspires courage, hope, and perseverance. And refugees’ countless contributions undoubtedly make our states and nation stronger.”
Kansas. Democrat Governor Laura Kelly offered the following: “Kansas has a long and proud history of welcoming the world’s refugees to our state. Refugees are not simply looking for a better home, they are fleeing some of the most horrific violence, war, famine, religious and cultural persecution of our time. Our country and our state can provide the security they need for a safer place to call home. The citizens of Kansas have shown time and again a strong commitment to welcoming refugees into communities statewide.” She also said, “Refugees come to our country and state looking for a better place to live. Our country and our state benefit as they also make positive contributions in significant ways. They contribute to our economy, workforce and the cultural fabric of our state and nation.”
Maine. On December 16, 2019, the Democrat Governor of Maine expressed the following: “For more than forty years, and under the leadership of seven Democratic, Republican and Independent governors, Maine has participated in the federal refugee resettlement program. Over the course of those decades we have welcomed nearly 10,000 people from more than 30 countries – people who have resettled in Maine with the hope of finding peace, safety and work for themselves and their families.”
“Maine has a workforce shortage, projected to grow worse over the next decade, creating serious challenges for businesses seeking to hire qualified workers in every industry and in every sector of our economy. Our state welcomes refugees who have skills, education and ability, a proven work ethic and tremendous drive. It is the right thing to do, and it is critical to the strength of our economy and our future success as a state.”
Massachusetts. The Republican Governor of Massachusetts Charles D. Baker offered the following words: “ Massachusetts is committed to continuing to serve as a source of hope and opportunity, welcoming those seeking refuge with open arms and ensuring that newcomers feel safe, valued and supported as they settle into a new country and integrate into new communities.”
“The United States has a proud and noble tradition of serving as a country of refuge for those most vulnerable in the world. The Commonwealth welcomed 516 refugees last year, from 30 countries, and has welcomed 14,282 refugees over the past decade, from 59 countries. Throughout history, many of the refugees our Country admitted became distinguished scientists, government leaders, entrepreneurs, cultural icons, and public servants. We have much to gain in providing refuge to those in need. Foreign born employees provide significant support to our economy and make up a critical part of the health and human services sector workforce.”
Michigan. Democrat Governor Gretchen Whitmer had the following words: “Michigan has a rich history of welcoming refugees and other immigrants to our state. I am committed to ensuring that we remain a leader in responding to the needs of globally displaced families and individuals. We recognize the value of being a welcoming state, and the contribution of refugees to the fabric of our communities. Refugees enhance our state socially, culturally, and economically.”[2]
Minnesota. Democrat Governor Tim Walz put it this way, “Minnesota has a strong moral tradition of welcoming those who seek refuge. Our state has always stepped forward to help those who are fleeing desperate situations and need a safe place to call home. In keeping with this proud history, I offer my consent to continue refugee resettlement in the State of Minnesota.” He added, “ Refugees strengthen our communities. Bringing new cultures and fresh perspectives, they contribute to the social fabric of our state. Opening businesses and supporting existing ones, they are critical to the success of our economy. Refugees are doctors and bus drivers. They are entrepreneurs and police officers. They are students and teachers. They are our neighbors.”
New Jersey. Democrat Governor Philip D. Murphy had the following lengthy rationale for consenting:
“New Jersey will continue to welcome refugees anxiously fleeing harm and seeking safety. It is not only the right response; it is the American response.”[3] He continued, “We believe that America must remain a beacon of hope in the world, and we know that opening its doors to those facing danger and oppression is who we are as a nation. We are disheartened by recent attempts to undercut our commitment to freedom and opportunity by shrinking the numbers of who can seek comfort on our shores and by erecting new and significant barriers for refugees desperately reaching for safety. The announcement that your Administration will continue dramatically cutting the number of refugees allowed to resettle in the United States by reducing admission in the coming year to 18,000 from 30,000 -which was already a drastic decline from the 111,000 ceiling just two years ago – is devastating not only for those seeking refuge from harm but for the United States’ standing in the world.”
“New Jersey will continue to welcome refugees anxiously fleeing harm and seeking safety. It is not only the right response; it is the American response.”
“We believe that America must remain a beacon of hope in the world, and we know that opening its doors to those facing danger and oppression is who we are as a nation. We are disheartened by recent attempts to undercut our commitment to freedom and opportunity by shrinking the numbers of who can seek comfort on our shores and by erecting new and significant barriers for refugees desperately reaching for safety. The announcement that your Administration will continue dramatically cutting the number of refugees allowed to resettle in the United States by reducing admission in the coming year to 18,000 from 30,000 -which was already a drastic decline from the 111,000 cei ling just two years ago – is devastating not only for those seeking refuge from harm but for the United States’ standing in the world.”
“Over two million of our residents are immigrants, including refugees, representing nearly 23 percent of New Jersey’s population. There is no doubt that refugees have contributed to the strength of our state and have enriched our communities economically, culturally and socially. Refugees who have made New Jersey their home have helped our state thrive by growing our workforce, starting businesses, contributing to local economies, and becoming valued friends and neighbors.”
“We took these actions because we recognize that new Americans are integral to our State’s culture and our economy. Immigrants and refugees in New Jersey include over 120,000 entrepreneurs, employ more than 389,000 people and contribute over $24.2 billion in federal, State, and local taxes. In fact, 43 percent of the State’s science, technology, engineering, and math-focused workforce are new Americans who play a significant part in maintaining the State’s role as a leading innovator in the STEM field. Supporting immigrant and refugee integration is a smart strategy for our State and our country.”
“We know that a strong and vibrant democracy like ours requires that we live out our values through our deeds. To do so, we must continue to hold true to who we are as Americans by helping those who come seeking refuge from violence and persecution around the world. My Administration looks forward to continuing to work together with cities and towns across our great State to welcome immigrants and refugees.”
New Mexico. Its Democrat Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham stated, “New Mexico has always welcomed immigrants of all types, including more than 2,500 refugees from 28 countries who have resettled in New Mexico since 2002, adding to the rich multicultural mix of which New Mexicans are so rightly proud.”[4] She also said, “Unlike other immigrants, refugees have been forcibly displaced from their homes, whether by war, famine, religious and cultural persecution or violence. They leave their home countries fearing for their lives, and they come to our shores and our borders often with nothing more than the clothes on their backs, desperate — not for a handout but for a chance to start over.” The New Mexico Governor concluded, “While refugees arrive needing our help, they are often quick to pay back the country and communities that welcome them. They get jobs and pay taxes. They open businesses. They contribute their cuisines and cultures, bringing us new forms of entertainment and understanding.”
North Carolina. Democrat Governor Roy Cooper offered the following words, “North Carolina was one of the first states to welcome refugees to the United States after the United States Refugee Act was signed into law in 1980. Our state has a strong network of community and faith-based groups which aid in resettlement of refugees who seek safety from persecution.”[5]
North Dakota. Republican Governor Doug Burgum said,” North Dakota has had success at integrating refugees who have become responsible citizens and productive members of the workforce.”
Oregon. Kate Brown, Democrat Governor of Oregon, told Secretary Pompeo that Oregon opposed the President’s recent Executive Order on “refugee resettlement, and ask that you return this year’s refugee admission number to previous annual levels. The values reflected in this Executive Order are not the values on which our country was built.”
“It is a sad day for a nation founded on the principle of welcoming ‘poor, tired, and huddled masses.’ Nobody chooses to be a refugee. Refugees are just like us. They have jobs and families. They are parents and friends, teachers and doctors, farmers and fishermen. Since 1975, Oregon has resettled 67,743 refugees. Refugees contribute every day to the strength of our economy, our communities, and our culture. About 70 percent of refugees find employment within the first few months of resettlement. They pay taxes, buy homes, and open businesses. Their search for freedom and a better future for themselves and their children embodies what it means to be an American.”
Pennsylvania. Democrat Governor Tom Wolf offered the following extensive comments:
“Pennsylvania has a rich history of opening its doors to those facing persecution and danger. William Penn founded our commonwealth on the principle of religious freedom, seeking to allow those in Europe to escape persecution.”
“It is vital that America retain its moral authority throughout the world. And that means that when vulnerable and displaced individuals seek refuge from violence and oppression elsewhere, we welcome them to find that refuge in America. This maintains our image as a beacon of hope and freedom, and shows the world that America is the antithesis of the places these individuals are fleeing.”
“For decades, refugees have made our communities better, and I am committed to continuing that tradition to the fullest extent of my ability. In communities from Allentown to Lancaster to Erie, and elsewhere, refugees are resettling, making a home, finding employment, starting businesses, paying taxes, and enriching their communities. Church World Service, based in Lancaster, has gained national attention for how it has brought refugees and communities together to find mutual understanding and build strong relationships despite differences. That, to me, is the best of America.”
“During past conflicts, America has accepted hundreds of thousands of refugees who were fleeing violence and persecution. [For example,] Jewish refugees came to Pennsylvania from Germany and other European countries to escape the Nazi occupation and religious persecution. . . . As millions of people in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Latin America and Africa face violence, persecution, and death, we should continue to help those we can while taking care to protect our commonwealth and our country, just as we have done for hundreds of years. To reject refugees outright emboldens the message of those who seek to inspire hatred by saying that we, as Americans, do not have compassion or care for specific groups of people in the world facing persecution or worse.”
“I am dismayed that America is sharply reducing its commitment to extend a hand of hope and freedom to vulnerable families across the world. But I remain committed to ensure – to the fullest extent possible – that Pennsylvania continues our founding traditions of tolerance and acceptance.”
Texas. Although Texas is listed as consenting in the PMR website, there is no hyperlinked state consent letter and secondary sources say to date Texas Governor is noncommittal on the subject. Instead there is one from Judge Nelson W. Wolf, Bexar County, where San Antonio is located. The Judge said the following:
“By definition, refugees are individuals who have been forced to flee their home country due to persecution based on their race, religion, ethnicity, political opinion, or social group. Resettlement is the last resort for refugees who cannot return to their home country and cannot rebuild their lives where they first fled.”
“The United States is one of 27 resettlement countries, and has the most extensive refugee vetting in the world. Refugees undergo biometric screenings, medical checks, in-person interviews with specially trained officers from the Department of Homeland Security, and interagency checks involving DHS, the State Department, Department of Defense, FBI, and the National Counter Terrorism Center.”
“The USRAP [U.S. Refugee Admissions Program] is a prime example of a public-private partnership between the federal government, state and local governments, local non-profit organizations, and volunteers that provide refugees with the tools of self-reliance housing, community orientation, English-language classes, and job placement. Every day, community members in Bexar County, Texas are volunteering with resettlement offices to help refugees integrate and thrive.”
“Even before Congress enacted the Refugee Act of 1980, faith communities across the United States built what we know today as the USRAP, welcoming refugees from World War II, the Vietnam War, the Cold War, the Rwandan genocide, and the Syrian refugee crisis, just to name a few. In addition, faith communities are still deeply involved in refugee resettlement. This is part of our nation’s heritage and we are proud to welcome refugees.”
“Refugees are resilient, hard workers whose innovative skills have contributed greatly to our state. They have opened businesses, revitalized towns, and are productive members of our community. Multiple studies demonstrate that refugees are economic contributors and job creators.”
Utah. Republican Governor Gary R. Herbert offered these words in a letter to President Trump, “I encourage you to allow us to accept more international refugees in Utah. We have historically accepted and resettled more than 1,000 refugees each year from a variety of troubled regions of the world. Unfortunately, that number has dropped for the past two years and is on track to decrease more this year. We know the need has not decreased and are eager to see the number of admittances rise again.”
Governor Herbert went on. “Utah’s unique history informs our approach to refugees. Our state was founded by religious refugees fleeing persecution in the Eastern United States. Those experiences and hardships of our pioneer ancestors 170 years ago are still fresh in the minds of many Utahns. As a result we empathize deeply with individuals and groups who have been forced from their homes and we love giving them a new home and a new life.” He added, “And it turns out we do it quite well. Those refugees who resettle in Utah become integrated and accepted into our communities. They become productive employees and responsible citizens. They become contributors in our schools, churches and other civic institutions, even helping serve more recent refugees and thus generating a beautiful cycle of charity. This marvelous compassion is simply embedded into our state’ s culture.”
Virginia. Democrat Governor Ralph S. Northam said the following:
“Virginia has welcomed refugees who are fleeing war, persecution, or other dire circumstances. We know that no one chooses to abandon their home until conditions become so difficult that the unknown is preferable.”
“The United States has long presented itself as a haven, a place of stability and economic prosperity. We promote the ideals upon which this country was founded, of liberty and freedom. But lo uphold those ideals abroad, we must allow access to them here at home. We must practice what we preach.”
“Virginia helps refugees settle into new homes only in those localities that participate in the Virginia Community Capacity Initiative, which ensures that a community’ s elected officials, faith leaders, schools, and other stakeholders are committed to helping refugees build new homes and lives. We work with resettlement agencies that have deep ties to these communities. We have always been clear that successful resettlement only happens with community involvement.”
“Because of our proximity to Washington, D.C., we are a preferred location for many Special Immigrant Visa holders: Iraqi and Afghanistan refugees who provided services to the U.S. military in those countries, and whose lives and families are in danger because of that service.”
“In recent years, as the federal government has lowered the number of refugees accepted into the United States, Virginia’s refugee number has dropped. We have the capacity to accept and help more refugees than we currently have.”
“These are people who no longer have a home. History shows us that this could happen to any of us. We must all imagine ourselves in their shoes, and treat them as we would wish to be treated. If I were ever in such a position, I hope a friendly country would take me in and let me rebuild my life in peace and safety. I believe people of decency would share that hope. Virginia’s lights are on and our doors are open, and we welcome new Virginians to make their homes here.”
Washington. Democrat Governor Jay Inslee had these words:
“[The] State of Washington wholeheartedly consents to welcoming and resettling refugees into our communities—a long and proud tradition that we intend to continue.”
“As the state that resettled the second highest number of refugees last year, we are honored to remain a place of safety and security for those fleeing persecution and violence. Since 1975, Washington has bought in nearly 150,000 refugees from 70 different countries, including Vietnam, Ukraine and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Refugees contribute to all sectors of our economy—as teachers, service members, doctors, and more—while adding to our rich cultural landscape. They are an integral part of Washington’s past, present, and future.”
“Just last week, we celebrated the success of Dr. Anisa Ibrahim, a Washingtonian who resettled in our state after fleeing war-torn Somalia more than two decades ago. Only six years old when her family first arrived in the United States, Dr. Ibrahim later graduated from the University of Washington Medical School and now leads a pediatric clinic in Seattle—the same clinic that treated her when she and her siblings were children.”
“Her story is not unique. Throughout our state, children and families speak of similar circumstances, of having sacrificed everything to seek refuge in America from violence, starvation, and other horrors most of us will thankfully never experience. Many of these children are now leaders in our communities, bringing with them their unique perspectives on tragedy, perseverance, and triumph. Washington State is stronger and our communities are richer because of their important contributions.”
“given all of the benefits of a robust resettlement program, we should not cast aside our founding principles as a nation. Enshrined in the Statue of Liberty, the ‘Mother of Exiles,’ is our country’s commitment as a safe place for humanity’s most vulnerable. Lest we forget that, of the 26,000,000 refugees worldwide, more than half are children.”
“I remain troubled by the Administration’s deep cuts to refugee resettlement and disappointed that my call for a considerably higher number of refugees went unanswered. I hope you will recognize the success of our efforts in the coming year when your administration revisits the refugee cap for 2021.”
Wisconsin. Democrat Governor Tony Evers told Secretary Pompeo, “Our state has a rich history of opening its doors to people of all backgrounds, experiences, and walks of life. Through the years, while the people seeking resettlement opportunity in Wisconsin have changed, their circumstances have not: they are people seeking a new life, they embrace American ideals, and they bring with them valuable skills and experience which benefit all of us.” He also said, “Following the end of World War II, Wisconsin welcomed its first refugees as defined by the United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention. Our state has since continued to offer opportunities for safety and a new life to those from around the world who are granted resettlement. Over the past two decades, Wisconsin has welcomed more than 16,000 refugees from countries around the world, including Laos, Vietnam, the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, and Iraq. Most recently, our state has welcomed people from Burma and the Democratic Republic of Congo.”
In addition, Evers said, “Refugees and immigrants are essential to Wisconsin’s economy, from manufacturing to education, and public service to agriculture and healthcare. At a time when we are seeing labor shortages across our state, it is irresponsible for the administration to place obstacles in the path of talented and hard-working folks seeking refuge and a better life.” Moreover, “our refugees are a critically important part of our families, our communities, and our culture—they are part of the fabric of our state. Wisconsin’s refugee population is resilient and determined—they want to help themselves and their family, they want to continue working toward their dreams of living safely and freely, and they are eager to give back to the communities who welcome them. These contributions and our diversity and our differences make us and our state stronger, not weaker.”
Other Evidence of Positive Impact of Refugees on U.S. Economy
There are at least two independent studies of the economic impact of refugees on the U.S. economy: the New American Economy’s report From Struggle to Resilience, the Economic Impact of Refugees in America (June 2017) and the National Bureau of Economic Research’s report The Economic and Social Outcomes of Refugees in the U.S. (June 2017), https://www.nber.org/papers/w23498
They have documented the following:
Refugees pay $21,000 more in taxes than they receive in benefits on average in their first 20 years in the U.S.
• Refugee rates of entrepreneurship (15%) exceed other immigrants (11.5%) as well as U.S. born (9%).
• Refugees become citizens at a higher rate than non-refugee immigrants. In 2015, 84% of eligible refugees were naturalized citizens as compared to 51% of other immigrants.
• Refugee children do as well as U.S.-born children on measures of education attainment.
• Over 77% of refugees are of working age as compared to 49.7% of the U.S.-born population, helping to meet U.S. labor force needs.
All of the above points need to be widely publicized to promote wider public support for refugee resettlement.
[1] See consent letters hyperlinked to list of states in State Dep’t, State and Local Consents Under Executive Order 13888. https://www.state.gov/state-and-local-consents-under-executive-order-13888/ See also sources listed in these posts to dwkcommentaries.com: U.S. Sets 18,000 Quota for New Refugee Admissions to U.S. for Fiscal 2020 (Nov. 4, 2019; U.S. Senators Oppose U.S.Reduction in Refugee Admissions for Fiscal 2020 (Nov. 11, 2019);Latest U.S. Struggle Over Refugees (Dec. 11, 2019); Minnesota and Minneapolis Say “Yes” to Refugees (Dec. 14, 2019); Updates on States’ Consents to Refugee Resettlement (Dec. 16, 2019); Tennessee Consents to Refugees Resettlement (Dec. 20, 2019); Another Update on States’ Consents to Refugees Resettlement (Dec. 30, 2019).
[2] Letter, Governor Whitmer to Secretary Pompeo(Dec. 10, 2019).
[3] Letter, Governor Murphy to President Trump (Nov. 1, 2019).
[4] Letter, Governor Grisham to Lutheran Family Services Rocky Mountain (Oct. 7, 2019).
[5] Letter, Governor Cooper to Secretary Pompeo (Dec. 9, 2019).
Posted on December 31, 2019 December 31, 2019 Categories Economics, History, Politics, UncategorizedTags Arizona, Bexar County (Texas), Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Donald Trump Administration, Governor Charles D. Baker, Governor Doug Burgum, Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Governor Gary r. Herbert, Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Governor Janet T. Mills, Governor Jay Inslee, Governor JB Pritzker, Governor JKohn C. Carney, Governor Kate Brown, Governor Laura Kelly, Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham, Governor Ned Lamont, Governor Philip D. Murphy, Governor Ralph S. Northan, Governor Roy Cooper, Governor Tim Walz, Governor Tom Wolf, Governor Tony Evers, Goveronor Jared Polis, Illinois, Judge Nelson W. Wolf, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, National Bureau of Economic Research, New American Economy, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, refugees resettlement, Secretary of State Michael Pompeo, Texas, U.S. Refugee Admission Program, Utah, Virginia, Washington State, Wisconsin3 Comments on U.S. State and Local Governments’ Justifications for Consenting to Resettlement of Refugees
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Big Dave McLean got pointers from John Hammond as a teen
ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN THE GEORGIA STRAIGHT, AUG. 7, 2003
When he was just a teen, Dave McLean attended the Mariposa Folk Festival in Orillia, Ontario, and got pointers from John Hammond on how to play some basic blues progressions. A couple of weeks ago the now 51-year-old Big Dave performed with Hammond at the Winnipeg Folk Festival, sharing a blues workshop with him and the dapper Leon Redbone. As McLean explains on the line from a Saskatoon nightclub, he’s still heavily inspired by Hammond. “Oh God, yeah. He blew the place apart! He always does, though. I mean, he’s the most amazing, most intense, focused soul artist I’ve ever seen in my life—and I’ve seen quite a few.”
And some mighty good ones, too. Like the legendary Muddy Waters, whom McLean pays tribute to on his new CD, Blues From the Middle. The disc includes a version of the McLean-penned “Muddy Waters for President”, a slide-heavy epic that stretches well past the 11-minute mark.
“John Hammond and Muddy are my two biggest influences,” he points out. “I knew Muddy for a bit, and I wrote that song about him. He wanted to record it, but he passed away before we could do it, so I did it myself a few years later in ’89, on my first album, which was Muddy Waters for President—Live at Bud’s on Broadway. It was recorded right here in this building!”
Blues From the Middle includes nine McLean originals and five covers, including Waters’s “Trouble No More”, Little Walter’s “You Know It Ain’t Right”, and Bukka White’s “Fixin’ to Die”. The CD features an appearance by Rhode Island guitar great Duke Robillard, among others. “We both belong to Stony Plain Records,” says McLean, “so that was how I ended up gettin’ Duke on the record. He’s only on one song, mind you, but he’s brilliant! And then [Toronto blues-rocker] Sue Foley—who cleaned up at the Maple Blues Awards this year—she’s on four tunes. And a piano player out of Edmonton who plays with her and Harpdog Brown and myself every once in a while, Graham Guest, he’s amazing, and he’s on there. And then my long-time friend Gord Kidder, who’s one of Canada’s greatest harp players, I dragged him out for a coupla tunes.
“So I’m very proud of the album,” stresses McLean, who headlines the Hope Mountain Bluesfest on Saturday (August 9), then joins the likes of slide-guitar specialist Ellen McIlwaine and local zydeco ace Gary Comeau at the Maple Ridge Roots & Blues Festival on Sunday (August 10). “Everybody went to bat for it and wanted to do a good job, and as far as I’m concerned they raised the bar—and then jumped right over the damn bar!”
Posted on March 5, 2015 March 6, 2015 by the newtPosted in bluesTagged 2003, August 10, August 9, Big Dave McLean interview, Blues From the Middle, Duke Robillard, Ellen McIlwaine, Gary Comeau, Gord Kidder, Graham Guest, Hope Mountain Bluesfest, John Hammond, Maple Ridge Roots & Blues Festival, Mariposa Folk Festival, Muddy Waters, Sue Foley.
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Council conclusions on a transformative post-2015 agenda. General Affairs Council meeting Brussels, 16 December 2014
Download "Council conclusions on a transformative post-2015 agenda. General Affairs Council meeting Brussels, 16 December 2014"
Lauren Blair
1 Council of the European Union PRESS EN COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS Brussels, 16 December 2014 Council conclusions on a transformative post-2015 agenda General Affairs Council meeting Brussels, 16 December 2014 The Council adopted the following conclusions: "1. In the post-2015 agenda we have a great opportunity to address some of the key global issues facing the world today in a truly transformative manner. As the Council has emphasised in previous conclusions 1, foremost among these issues are the interrelated challenges of eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable development in all its three dimensions (environmental, social and economic). To address these challenges in a coordinated and coherent manner, we need an ambitious agenda, which leaves no-one behind. It should be truly global and universal, with all countries and stakeholders playing their full part. These Council conclusions consider the progress so far and the opportunities ahead, as we enter the next stage of the international process. 2. Achieving a transformative agenda is a key priority and the EU and its Member States stand ready to engage in an open and constructive dialogue with all partners and stakeholders to this end. 3. The EU and its Member States remain strongly committed to the Millennium Declaration, to accelerating efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and to ensuring that the post-2015 agenda provides a comprehensive follow-up to Rio+20 and addresses the structural causes of poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation. 4. The EU welcomes the range of inputs into the international process, including the many contributions from stakeholders and the global thematic consultations organised by the United Nations, that have helped engage an unprecedented number of people across the world. Further to the Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda and the outcome document of the MDGs Special Event, the Council welcomes the Report of the Intergovernmental Committee of Experts on Sustainable Development Financing (ICESDF) and the proposal from the Open Working Group (OWG) on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which shall be the main basis for integrating sustainable development goals into the post-2015 development agenda, while recognizing that other inputs will also be considered, as set out in UN General Assembly resolution 68/ Council conclusions of 25 June 2013 on The Overarching Post 2015 Agenda (doc /13) and Council conclusions of 12 December 2013 on Financing poverty eradication and sustainable development beyond 2015 (doc /13). EU priorities for the 69 th session of the UNGA (doc /14). Press office - General Secretariat of the Council Rue de la Loi B-1048 BRUSSELS - Tel.: +32 (0) /7
2 5. The Council welcomes the presentation by the UN Secretary General on 4 December 2014 of his Synthesis Report on the Post-2015 Agenda "The Road to Dignity by 2030: Ending poverty, transforming all lives and protecting the planet". The report, by bringing together various elements needed for a successful agenda, provides a key contribution for the upcoming intergovernmental processes in the run-up to the September 2015 Summit. 6. We welcome the opportunity the Third International Financing for Development Conference in July 2015 provides to address both enabling policy frameworks and the mobilisation and effective use of financial resources for the achievement of the post-2015 agenda. 7. We emphasise the importance of the ongoing negotiations to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and of reaching an ambitious legally binding agreement applicable to all Parties in Paris in December We note the importance of the upcoming negotiations for a Post-2015 framework for Disaster Risk Reduction at the Sendai Conference in March The previous Council Conclusions and the Commission Communication "A Decent Life for All: From Vision to Collective Action" 2 are important contributions to further developing the position of the EU and its Member States in the run-up to the summit in September Guiding principles 10. The Council reaffirms the vision and priorities of the EU and its Member States as set out in its Conclusions of June 2013 and emphasises that poverty eradication and sustainable development are mutually reinforcing and intrinsically linked. The post-2015 agenda should therefore integrate the three dimensions of sustainable development in a balanced way across the agenda; ensure coherence and synergies; and address inter-linkages throughout the goals and targets. It is also crucial to ensure that the agenda has a rights-based approach encompassing all human rights and that it respects, supports, and builds on existing multilateral agreements, conventions, commitments, and processes. 11. The universality of the agenda is fundamental. The agenda should be global in coverage and universally applicable, while taking into account levels of development, national contexts and capacities and respecting national policies and priorities. It should overcome traditional divides and recognise that all countries have common challenges and opportunities and a shared future. 12. The post-2015 agenda must reflect the complexity of sustainable development and poverty eradication. At the same time a clear and concise framework is also essential for ownership and effective implementation by all governments and all relevant stakeholders. A framework that can easily be communicated and understood is crucial to success and to ensuring public support for the agenda. 13. The post-2015 agenda should be guided by the principle of accountability, the fundamental requirements of which are ownership of the whole agenda by all countries, transparency and effective and efficient monitoring and review of progress. It should also significantly increase people's ability to effectively and meaningfully participate in and contribute to the policy choices affecting them and to hold governments and other actors accountable for progress. 2 Doc /14 + ADD 1 - COM(2014) 335 final. 2/7
3 14. Business as usual is no longer an option, whether in terms of human dignity, equality or sustainability. The new agenda should aim to eradicate poverty in all its forms and to achieve sustainable development in its three dimensions in a balanced and integrated manner. It must steel our determination to end extreme poverty in one generation, building on and completing the unfinished business of the MDGs. We note with concern that conflict-affected and fragile states are still lagging behind. The agenda must also recognise that environmental sustainability is fundamental to ensuring the sustainable prosperity and wellbeing of all people within planetary boundaries. It must unlock the drivers of the green economy, make our economies and lifestyles more equitable and sustainable and more effective in reducing poverty. The new agenda must be people-centred, based on human rights, and combat discrimination, including gender inequality and gender based violence. It should address the structural causes of poverty, inequality and violence including by strengthening effective inclusive and democratic institutions, good governance and rule of law. Only by addressing all these elements will the new agenda be transformative. Achieving a transformative agenda 15. The agenda should address the challenges and opportunities as set out in the OWG proposal, i.e.: poverty; hunger, food security, nutrition and sustainable agriculture; health and well-being; education; gender equality and women's empowerment; water and sanitation; energy; inclusive and sustainable growth, employment and decent work; infrastructure, sustainable industrialisation and innovation; inequality; cities and human settlements; sustainable consumption and production patterns; climate change; oceans, seas and marine resources; terrestrial ecosystems, forests, desertification, land degradation and biodiversity; peaceful and inclusive societies, access to justice and accountable institutions; means of implementation and the global partnership for sustainable development. 16. The UN Secretary-General s synthesis report presents a vision for carrying forward a universal transformative agenda for the next 15 years and beyond, underpinned by human rights and aimed to end poverty, transform lives, and protect the planet. We welcome the innovative approach to use an integrated set of six essential elements to facilitate discussions in order to frame a sustainable development agenda; an approach focused around: ending poverty and fighting inequality; ensuring healthy lives, knowledge, and the inclusion of women and children; growing a strong, inclusive, and transformative economy; protecting our ecosystems for all societies and our children; promoting safe and peaceful societies, and strong institutions; and catalysing global solidarity for sustainable development. 17. The agenda should tackle cross-cutting issues which should be mainstreamed throughout, including disaster risk reduction and resilience. In addition, well-managed migration and human mobility should be fully recognised in the agenda as potential development enablers, acknowledging the need to address also the opportunities and challenges of migration. We acknowledge the natural and cultural diversity of the world, and recognise that culture, including world cultural heritage and creative industries, can have an important role in achieving inclusive and sustainable development. 18. We stress the importance of maintaining in the agenda the integrated approach of the OWG proposal for SDGs, which bring together the many interrelated challenges and opportunities. We highlight the need to maintain and strengthen synergies, coherence and inter-linkages across the whole agenda. 3/7
4 19. The agenda should leave no one behind. In particular, it must address, without any discrimination, the needs of the most disadvantaged and vulnerable, including children, the elderly and persons with disabilities, as well as of marginalised groups and indigenous peoples; and it must respond to the aspirations of young people. We should ensure that no person wherever they live and regardless of ethnicity, gender, age, disability, religion or belief, race, or other status is denied universal human rights and basic economic opportunities. We emphasise the critical importance of quality education, universal health coverage, and social protection for all, which are central for the achievement of sustainable development. We further reiterate the need to eliminate malnutrition in all its forms. 20. We reiterate that the empowerment and human rights of women and girls, and ending both discrimination in all its forms and violence against women and girls, must be at the core of the post-2015 agenda. Goals, targets and indicators across the framework should address legal, social and economic barriers to gender equality. We recognise the importance of involving men and boys in advancing gender equality. We remain committed to the promotion, protection and fulfilment of all human rights and to the full and effective implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action and the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the outcomes of their review conferences and in this context sexual and reproductive health and rights. 21. We highlight the opportunities for building an inclusive green economy. The agenda must lead to a transition towards sustainable consumption and production patterns which also fosters resource efficiency and prevents and minimises pollution, including through sustainable management of chemicals and waste. 22. We highlight the need to prominently address peaceful and inclusive societies, democratic governance and the rule of law. Progressing these issues successfully is a key part of making the post-2015 agenda transformative. Human rights and fundamental freedoms must be respected, protected and fulfilled, including freedom of expression, association and the media. Strengthening civil society and ensuring an enabling environment for civil society actors is essential. We need to ensure that institutions, including security and justice institutions, are legitimate, accountable, and efficient and act in accordance with the rule of law. We need to effectively address the drivers of violence and conflict in all societies and to tackle issues that hamper good governance such as corruption and exclusion. 23. We reiterate that the post-2015 agenda must be fully coherent and supportive of climate objectives, and these should be visible within and across the agenda. This should support the UNFCCC without opening up parallel climate negotiations. 24. We recognise that biodiversity is a critical foundation of the earth s life support system on which our present and future welfare depends as emphasised by the Convention on Biological Diversity. We support the integration and mainstreaming of biodiversity in the post agenda. Meeting the Aichi Biodiversity Targets will contribute significantly to broader global sustainable development priorities. 25. The EU and its Member States welcome the OWG proposal. An important area for further work will be to ensure well-defined indicators, allowing for implementation and monitoring of a final set of targets that are specific, measurable, and achievable, preserving the important political balance that the OWG proposal represents. Targets should have a transformative impact, avoid duplication and be consistent with UN standards and agreements, and with international legal frameworks. In particular, we emphasise full compliance with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out. 4/7
5 A new global partnership 26. The strongly interlinked challenges of poverty eradication and sustainable development are both common since they are of universal concern and relevance to all people and global, since in an interdependent world many challenges call for collective action and global solutions. The implementation of the post-2015 agenda requires a global partnership for sustainable development based on the guiding principles of universality, shared responsibility, mutual accountability, consideration of respective capabilities, and the adoption of a multi-stakeholder approach. We need to develop a stronger, more accountable and inclusive global partnership to mobilise action by all countries and stakeholders at all levels. It is essential to have a more comprehensive, coherent and effective approach, enabling the implementation of the agenda through various means while addressing the special needs of the least developed countries and people most in need. 27. We have a unique opportunity to make a difference together, with a new global partnership that is based on multi-stakeholder cooperation, which provides a high level of exchange and collaboration can achieve higher levels of ambition and innovation. The global partnership needs to promote and learn from the experience of existing partnerships, such as the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation and 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production. The private sector and civil society will have a key role to play in the implementation of the agenda and we recall the importance of the principles set out in the Global Compact and UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. 28. The EU and its Member States recognise that universality will require commitment from all. In this context, the post-2015 agenda should be reflected in the internal and external policies of the Member States and of the EU, including the renewed EU Sustainable Development Strategy 3, and the Europe 2020 strategy and related policies. The EU and its Member States commit to playing their full part in all aspects of the agenda including means of implementation, and will also expect other partners - including new and emerging actors - to contribute their fair share. We need to frame appropriate and ambitious commitments for all, taking account of levels of development, national contexts and capacities. National ownership and accountability will be of key importance for the post-2015 agenda and its implementation, including through sustainable development strategies or commitments at the appropriate levels. 29. We must ensure a policy environment conducive to the success of the framework. All countries should promote policy coherence for sustainable development at all levels and review and assess their policies, as appropriate, in order to support the successful implementation of the framework. We note in particular the importance of sound policies in areas including trade, science, migration, technology and innovation, knowledge and expertise sharing. The EU and its Member States also remain fully committed to ensuring Policy Coherence for Development (PCD) as a key contribution to the collective effort towards broader policy coherence for sustainable development. 30. We recall previous Council Conclusions on the Annual Report 2014 to the European Council on EU Development Aid Targets 4, including that development cooperation remains a key priority for the EU, which has formally undertaken to collectively commit 0.7% of GNI to official development assistance by 2015, thus making a decisive step towards achieving the MDGs, and by which the EU and its Member States reaffirmed all their individual and collective Official Development Assistance (ODA) commitments, taking into account the exceptional budgetary circumstances. 3 4 Doc /06 Council conclusions of 19 May 2014 on the Annual Report 2014 to the European Council on EU Development Aid Targets (doc. 9989/14). 5/7
6 31. In a changing global context, the financial resources required for poverty eradication and sustainable development remain significant and will have to be addressed in a holistic, coherent and comprehensive manner. We welcome that the ICESDF report highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to sustainable development financing including mobilisation and effective use of domestic resources, international public finance, private finance and innovative financing from domestic and international sources as well as the fight against illicit financial flows. We note the need for the gradual elimination of environmentally harmful subsidies that are incompatible with sustainable development, including for fossil fuels. We recall previous Council conclusions on Financing poverty eradication and sustainable development beyond 2015, and we recognise that ODA remains an important and catalytic element in the overall financing available for developing countries, in particular to those most in need The EU and its Member States consider that preparations for the Third International Conference on Financing for Development in July 2015 and the Post-2015 Summit in September should reinforce each other. The Financing for Development Conference should address the range of means of implementation for the post-2015 agenda, including both enabling policy frameworks and mobilisation and effective use of financial resources thereby making a positive contribution to the Post-2015 Summit. The outcome of these and related processes should result in one single agenda. 33. A solid, efficient and effective approach to the review, monitoring and accountability of the post-2015 agenda at national, regional and global level will be crucial in order to assess progress towards the achievement of goals and targets. It should be based on effective multilateralism, openness, meaningful participation, transparency and mutual accountability, including an element of peer review. It should benefit from the necessary support from an efficient and effective UN system as well as from other relevant institutions, and involve all partners and stakeholders including civil society, the scientific community, media and the private sector. An effective monitoring and accountability framework should be developed within the upcoming intergovernmental processes, including a key oversight role for the High Level Political Forum (HLPF) in the follow-up and review of progress of the post-2015 agenda at global level. Existing mechanisms and processes should be used in a coordinated manner wherever possible to avoid duplication and limit administrative burden. The EU remains committed to transparency and accountability, and in this context, the Council welcomes the 2014 EU Accountability Report on Financing for Development. 34. Robust and measurable indicators, with a focus on results, will be essential for reporting and should if not yet available be developed taking account of experience, best practice and expert knowledge as well as citizen voices for accountability. It will be crucial to strengthen the use of existing data and ensure that higher quality data is collected in a coordinated manner, and to capitalise on new information technologies. In this regard the Friends of the Chair group on broader measures of progress and the Independent Expert Advisory Group on a Data Revolution for sustainable development have made a useful contribution. As emphasised in the OWG proposal, disaggregation of data by income, gender, age, and other factors will be essential to ensure that targets are met by all relevant groups and that no one is left behind. We must recognise the need to look beyond Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to broader measures of progress, including social, human and natural capital, to address a more comprehensive idea of sustainable livelihoods and well-being. We recognise the importance of developing statistical capacities, especially in developing countries, to enable effective accountability. We also note that Eurostat and Member State statistical offices will have a significant role to play in supporting the evolving process of sustainable development monitoring. 5 Council conclusions of 12 December 2013 on Financing poverty eradication and sustainable development beyond 2015 (doc /13). 6/7
7 35. The most essential element for a truly transformative post-2015 agenda is its effective implementation which mostly takes place at the country level. National ownership and leadership will be of key importance. National efforts need to be reinforced by cooperation and partnership on regional and global levels, including multi-stakeholder cooperation and partnerships. Ongoing work to make the UN development system more "fit for purpose" at headquarters as well as at country level is important for achieving the agenda. The EU and its Member States recognise that advancing sustainable development also depends on our own domestic action and on developing our own set of implementation measures. 36. The Council invites the Commission to propose a concrete way forward on the global partnership, including the various elements addressed above, based on continued consultative work including with Member States. Next steps 37. The EU and its Member States will continue to play an active and constructive role in all ongoing processes and support their convergence in order to achieve a single overarching post-2015 agenda. For this purpose, the EU and its Member States will continue to develop and update common positions in order to effectively engage in a unified manner in the upcoming intergovernmental negotiations. 38. The EU and its Member States will continue to work constructively and inclusively with all partners and with stakeholders, including civil society, parliaments, scientific and academic institutions, local authorities, the private sector, philanthropic and social partners throughout the preparation of the post-2015 agenda as well as during its implementation. 39. The EU and its Member States will continue to engage in regular dialogue and outreach on these issues. In particular, we will build on joint initiatives and declarations and continue to work with regional partners. The EU and its Member States are committed to playing an active role in building the necessary consensus to establish and implement an ambitious, transformative and inclusive post-2015 agenda." 7/7
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Get the New Album
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Barcelona's Stress Test – Will the hotel market ride it out?
This article presents recent supply & demand trends for Barcelona, before discussing some of the sociopolitical events that have impacted the market over recent months, as well as their effect on hotel performance and the outlook for the coming year.
By Magali Castells , Sophie Perret
This article presents recent supply and demand trends for Barcelona, before discussing some of the sociopolitical events that have impacted the market over recent months, as well as their effect on hotel performance and the outlook for the coming year.
Barcelona is Spain’s second-largest city, with a population of approximately 1.6 million in 2017, and is the capital of Catalonia. Located on the Mediterranean coast, 180 km southwest of the French border, Barcelona is the country’s principal seaport and is the third-largest port in the Mediterranean region.
Since the organisation of the Olympic Games in 1992, Barcelona has become a favourite short-break leisure destination in line with cities such as Paris, London and Amsterdam. It is also an increasingly important port for cruise ships. In addition, Barcelona is an established centre for meeting, incentive, conference and exhibition (MICE) business: the city was 3rd in the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA) ranking in 2016 with a total of 181 meetings.
Tourism Demand
Since the global economic slowdown after the financial crisis in 2009, the total numbers of visitors and bednights in Barcelona has been increasing year-on-year, resulting in an overall compound annual growth rate of 2.8% and 3.8%, respectively, from 2006 to 2017. 2016 was a very good year with approximately 9 million registered visitors to the city, 9.2% more than 2015, driven by both domestic and international tourists. This growth continued throughout 2017, which was the best year so far with more than 9.3 million visitors and just short of 20 million bednights, an increase of around 3% on the previous year (see figure 1).
FIGURE 1: VISITATION AND ACCOMMODATED BEDNIGHTS IN BARCELONA
A substantial number of visitors to the city arrive on cruise ships that choose Barcelona as one of their preferred Mediterranean destinations (see figure 2).
FIGURE 2: PASSENGER MOVEMENTS - CRUISE SHIPS
There is a substantial influx of day tourists, especially during the summer. Passenger movements more than doubled from 2006 to 2017. In order to curb this growth (or at least take a financial advantage of it), a new day tourist tax is currently being evaluated; this could substantially impact cruise tourism, since one ship alone can bring several thousand tourists to the city for the day.
Source Markets
In 2017, the main feeder markets in terms of arrivals to the city of Barcelona were domestic visitors (20%) followed by the USA (10%), the UK (9%), France (8%), Italy (6%) and Germany (5%) as the main sources of international visitors (see figure 3). This distribution of demand has remained fairly unchanged over the past eight years.
FIGURE 3: VISITOR SOURCE MARKETS 2017
Barcelona is one of the major short-break leisure destinations in Europe and, as such, has a relatively broad seasonality, with the lowest months being December and January. Its strong reputation as a MICE destination also contributes to this. In 2017, hotel room occupancy was over 50% every month of the year. During the summer, market occupancies hover around 80-90%, demonstrating the city’s popularity (see figure 4).
FIGURE 4: SEASONALITY IN BARCELONA 2016 AND 2017
The city of Barcelona has long been and still is an internationally recognised destination for meetings, inentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE) business. According to the ICCA, in 2016 Barcelona was in third position in the world ranking of organisers of exhibitions and congresses, directly after Paris and Vienna (see figure 5).
FIGURE 5: CONVENTION CENTRE STATISTICS IN BARCELONA
The number of hotels and rooms in Barcelona has been growing steadily over the past few years, in line with the increase in demand. As a result, the total number of hotels and rooms have increased at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.6% and 5.4% respectively, from 2008 to 2016. This increase has been especially driven by the increased supply in four-star hotels, growing at a CAGR of 8.5% over the same period (see figure 6).
FIGURE 6: HOTEL SUPPLY IN BARCELONA
However, as expected, the tourism moratorium put in place in July 2015 (see panel to the right) has had a major effect on the hotel supply. Since the start of the moratorium, the strategy has resulted in the paralysis of at least 38 hotel developments in the city, accounting for expected losses valued at approximately €3 billion and several thousand jobs. Only the few projects that were granted permission before this new law will be able to enter the market in the coming years, and the future for new hotels thereafter remains uncertain. Accordingly, only six hotels have either recently opened or are expected to open in the next two years in the city, adding up a total of approximately 1,000 new rooms to the market, a mere 2.5% of the current supply (see figure 7).
FIGURE 7: NEW SUPPLY
Tourism Moratorium
In May 2015, Ada Colau was elected the new mayor of the city. Leading a coalition of environmentalists and social activists, she announced that the city’s tourism strategy would change radically in order to ensure more ‘quality tourism’ for the city. As a first step, in July 2015 the mayor placed a moratorium on approving new hotel developments and short-term rentals for the following 12 months. This tourism moratorium was extended in 2016 for an additional year, preventing the opening of new hotels and other tourist accommodation.
Eventually, in March 2017, the tourism moratorium was substituted by the Special Tourist Accommodation Plan (PEUAT), approved by Full Council on 27 January 2017. This law regulates the introduction of tourist accommodation establishments, as well as youth hostels, collective residences with temporary accommodation and tourist apartments. According to the city mayor, it will allow for a sustainable and responsible tourism model and will reduce the pressure in the most saturated neighbourhoods in the city. The different areas are presented in the map below.
Partially due to the moratorium, supply growth since 2015 has been limited, but demand has continued to grow, leading to an increase in occupancy and average rate. As a result, RevPAR increased by 3.7% in 2015 and a further 10.7% in 2016 reaching €111(see figure 8).
2017 figures indicate a continued upward trend mainly due to an increase in average rate, with sustained RevPAR growth over the same period last year. Although hotels in Barcelona experienced substantial performance declines following the 1 October Catalan Independence Referendum (see panel to the right), 2017 still shows positive results overall. The year can be clearly divided into before and after the vote. Year-to-September 2017 figures showed double-figure RevPAR growth of around 15%. This trend was reversed from October onwards, with a reduction in RevPAR of between 10% and 20% each month to December. However, results for the year were still positive by the end of 2017.
FIGURE 8: MARKET PERFORMANCE
2018 performance is expected to recover as long as the political situation does not create any further civil unrest and demonstrations. However, 2018 is expected to be a relatively slow year for the conference segment, as normally these events get booked some time in advance and several for this year have already been changed to a more stable destination. We understand, for example, that Seville had the strongest Q4 on record on the back of the Catalonian strife. In the meantime, year-to-date performance for Barcelona up to February 2018 shows RevPAR up by around 4% on the back of a strong ADR.
1 October Catalan Independence Referendum
The quest for Catalonia’s independence from Spain has generated instability in the region and Spain overall.
Although deemed illegal by the Spanish government and Constitutional Court, a referendum on independence was held on 1 October 2017. Results showed a 90% vote in favour of independence, although with a low turnout of only 43%. On the day of the referendum, the National Police Corps and the Guardia Civil intervened and raided several polling stations, creating social unrest, continued demonstrations and riots which became an international issue. This impacted both national and international demand to Barcelona for the following months.
In new regional elections held in Catalonia on 21 December 2017, pro-independence parties retained control of parliament. Forming a government, however, remains extremely complicated as the former president, Mr Puigdemont, remains in exile in Belgium and the former vice president, Mr Junqueras, is in prison.
There is still a palpable fear that sustained political instability will continue to negatively affect the Catalan region and Spain overall. Several businesses have changed their corporate addresses to other parts of Spain in recent months to guarantee continued access to the domestic market and the wider European Union in case of independence. As a result, the level of economic uncertainty in the region has increased while the crisis has also hit tourism and foreign investment in Catalonia. It is expected, however, that should the political situation be resolved without creating any further civil unrest, tourist demand in 2018 and thereafter should soon recover to historical levels. The economic impact on the sector from potential independence is still too difficult to assess, and is likely to only become somewhat measurable once there is more clarity about the political direction for the region.
Investment Environment
2016 and 2017 have been characterised by a slowdown in the purchase of new hotels as well as the acquisition of buildings for hotel development in Barcelona. This has been mainly due to the strong uncertainty affecting the city of Barcelona after the introduction of PEUAT and the activities of the independence movement.
The most notable single asset transaction in Barcelona in 2017 was the 430-room Hilton Diagonal Mar, which was acquired by AXA Investment Management from Iberdrola in November (see figure 9). For further details please refer to our report HVS European Hotel Transactions published in March 2018.
FIGURE 9: TRANSACTIONS (€)
FIGURE 10: VALUES PER ROOM (€)
On the back of strong rate growth, from a pricing perspective values per room have shown impresive growth in Barcelona in the last seven years (see figure 10). Values per room already surpased the 2007 peak of €316,000 in 2016, on a nominal basis. For further details please refer to our report HVS European Hotel Valuation Index published in March 2018.
Conclusion and Outlook
Barcelona continues to be one of the most successful European short-break destinations and is likely to continue to be so over the years to come, regardless of the political and governmental changes that may lie ahead.
Without the shadow of a doubt, the introduction of the moratorium and PEUAT has been beneficial for existing hotels by increasing occupancy and average rate levels, for the foreseable future. It has also, nevertheless, generated a certain level of uncertainty in the development of projects, which could potentially dent some investors’ appetite for the city. Other detinations such as Madrid have somewhat benefited from this situation.
In the short term, the political state of affairs has generated a period of uncertainty which impacts the property investment market in Barcelona. A prolongued period of political instability could cause deals to slow down or even stop. However, a softening of demand for hotel accommodation is only likely to happen should there be more civil demonstrations. Overall, we remain strongly optimistic that the Barcelona hotel sector will continue to be a key source of investment for those global players who are interested in the medium- to long-term growth perspective, as well as knowledgeable intra-regional investors who are seeking to consolidate their ownership position in markets that they are already familiar with.
About Magali Castells
Magalí Castells is a senior associate at the HVS London office. Before joining HVS, Magalí gained operational and real estate development experience in Barcelona, Spain. She speaks English, Spanish, Catalan and French and holds an MSc in Hospitality Business from Ecole hôtelière de Lausanne. Prior to gaining her master's, she graduated with a bachelor's degree in Business Administration from ESADE Business School, Barcelona, with a focus on finance and real estate. For further information, please contact Magalí at [email protected].
About Sophie Perret
Sophie Perret is a senior director at the HVS London office. She joined HVS in 2003, following ten years’ operational experience in the hospitality industry in South America and Europe. Originally from Buenos Aires, Argentina, Sophie holds a degree in Hotel Management from Ateneo de Estudios Terciarios, and an MBA from IMHI (Essec Business School, France and Cornell University, USA). Since joining HVS, she has advised on hotel investment projects and related assignments throughout the EMEA region, and is responsible for the development of HVS's business in France and the French-speaking countries. Sophie completed an MSc in Real Estate Investment and Finance at Reading University in 2014. Sophie is also a certified surveyor and a member of the RICS. For further information, please contact: [email protected] or +44 20 7878- 7722 (Work)
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Dr. Jerald F. Dirks
Tags: Books, Dirks, Divinity, Harvard, Jerald, Morals, preach, Sacrifices, Seminary, Trinity
“By virtue of my seminary training and education, I knew how badly the Bible had been corrupted (and often knew exactly when, where, and why), I had no belief in any triune godhead, and I had no belief in anything more than a metaphorical “sonship” of Jesus, peace be upon him. In short, while I certainly believed in God, I was as strict a monotheist as my Muslim friends.” ~ Dr. Jerald F. Dirks
Jerald F. Dirks was born into a Christian family, had a Christian upbringing, had attended church and Sunday school every Sunday as a child, had graduated from a prestigious seminary and was an ordained minister in a large Protestant denomination. Upon graduating from Harvard College in 1971, Dr. Jerald F. Dirks enrolled at the Harvard Divinity School, and obtained from there his Master of Divinity degree in 1974, having been previously ordained into the Deaconate of the United Methodist Church in 1972. He also holds a doctorate in psychology from the University of Denver (USA).
He has published over sixty articles in the field of clinical psychology and over one hundred and fifty articles on Arabian horses. He has traveled extensively in the Middle East and interacted widely with the Muslim communities in the United States.
Thanks to his stock of knowledge about Christianity and his experience in the Christian world which made him make such an eye-opening statement:
There is some irony in the fact that the supposedly best, brightest, and most idealistic of ministers-to-be are selected for the very best of seminary education, e.g. that offered at that time at the Harvard Divinity School. The irony is that, given such an education, the seminarian is exposed to as much of the actual historical truth as is known about: 1) the formation of the early, “mainstream” church, and how it was shaped by geopolitical considerations; 2) the “original” reading of various Biblical texts, many of which are in sharp contrast to what most Christians read when they pick up their Bible, although gradually some of this information is being incorporated into newer and better translations; 3) the evolution of such concepts as a triune godhead and the “sonship” of Jesus, peace be upon him; 4) the non-religious considerations that underlie many Christian creeds and doctrines; 5) the existence of those early churches and Christian movements which never accepted the concept of a triune godhead, and which never accepted the concept of the divinity of Jesus, peace be upon him; and 6) etc. (Some of these fruits of my seminary education are recounted in more detail in my recent book, The Cross and the Crescent: An Interfaith Dialogue between Christianity and Islam, Amana Publications, 2001.) As such, it is no real wonder that almost a majority of such seminary graduates leave seminary, not to “fill pulpits”, where they would be asked to preach that which they know is not true, but to enter the various counseling professions. Such was also the case for me, as I went on to earn a master’s and doctorate in clinical psychology. I continued to call myself a Christian, because that was a needed bit of self-identity, and because I was, after all, an ordained minister, even though my full time job was as a mental health professional. However, my seminary education had taken care of any belief I might have had regarding a triune godhead or the divinity of Jesus, peace be upon him. (Polls regularly reveal that ministers are less likely to believe these and other dogmas of the church than are the laity they serve, with ministers more likely to understand such terms as “son of God” metaphorically, while their parishioners understand it literally.) I thus became a “Christmas and Easter Christian”, attending church very sporadically, and then gritting my teeth and biting my tongue as I listened to sermons espousing that which I knew was not the case.
Despite all, Dr. Jerald remained religious or spiritually oriented while identifying himself as a Christian. He writes:
I simply knew better than to buy into the man-made dogmas and articles of faith of the organized church, which were so heavily laden with the pagan influences, polytheistic notions, and geo-political considerations of a bygone era.
Dr. Jerald F. Dirks and his wife had been actively involved in doing research on the history of the Arabian horse. In order to secure translations of various Arabic documents, their research brought them into contact with Arab Americans who happened to be Muslims. Dr. Jerald learnt a lot from the constant behavioral example of such practicing Muslims. Furthermore, Jerald was highly impressed by Muslim community compared to his American society which was ‘morally bankrupt’. He found that in the Muslim community, marriages were stable, spouses were committed to each other, and honesty, integrity, self-responsibility, and family values were emphasized. He saw that Muslims espouse moral and ethical manner, both in their business world and in their social world.
Another aspect that contributed to the conversion of Dr. Jerald was his personal quest of self-discovery through reading books on Islam. For instance within a month, he had read half a dozen or so books on Islam, including one biography of the Prophet Muhammad. He also read three different English translations of the meaning of the Qur’an. Jerald was struck by a hesitation to adopt Islam albeit his consciousness siding with Islam. In his own words, we could better understand what he went through:
One’s sense of identity, of who one is, is a powerful affirmation of one’s own position in the cosmos. In my professional practice, I had occasionally been called upon to treat certain addictive disorders, ranging from smoking, to alcoholism, to drug abuse. As a clinician, I knew that the basic physical addiction had to be overcome to create the initial abstinence. That was the easy part of treatment. As Mark Twain once said: “Quitting smoking is easy; I’ve done it hundreds of times”. However, I also knew that the key to maintaining that abstinence over an extended time period was overcoming the client’s psychological addiction, which was heavily grounded in the client’s basic sense of identity, i.e. the client identified to himself that he was “a smoker”, or that he was “a drinker”, etc. The addictive behavior had become part and parcel of the client’s basic sense of identity, of the client’s basic sense of self. Changing this sense of identity was crucial to the maintenance of the psychotherapeutic “cure”. This was the difficult part of treatment. Changing one’s basic sense of identity is the most difficult task. One’s psyche tends to cling to the old and familiar, which seem more psychologically comfortable and secure than the new and unfamiliar.
On a professional basis, I had the above knowledge, and used it on a daily basis. However, ironically enough, I was not yet ready to apply it to myself, and to the issue of my own hesitation surrounding my religious identity. For 43 years, my religious identity had been neatly labeled as “Christian”, however many qualifications I might have added to that term over the years. Giving up that label of personal identity was no easy task. It was part and parcel of how I defined my very being. Given the benefit of hindsight, it is clear that my hesitation served the purpose of insuring that I could keep my familiar religious identity of being a Christian, although a Christian who believed like a Muslim believed.
It was now the very end of December, and my wife and I were filling out our application forms for U.S. passports, so that a proposed Middle Eastern journey could become a reality. One of the questions had to do with religious affiliation. I didn’t even think about it, and automatically fell back on the old and familiar, as I penned in “Christian”. It was easy, it was familiar, and it was comfortable.
However, that comfort was momentarily disrupted when my wife asked me how I had answered the question on religious identity on the application form. I immediately replied, “Christian”, and chuckled audibly. Now, one of Freud’s contributions to the understanding of the human psyche was his realization that laughter is often a release of psychological tension. However wrong Freud may have been in many aspects of his theory of psychosexual development, his insights into laughter were quite on target. I had laughed! What was this psychological tension that I had need to release through the medium of laughter?
I then hurriedly went on to offer my wife a brief affirmation that I was a Christian, not a Muslim. In response to which, she politely informed me that she was merely asking whether I had written “Christian”, or “Protestant”, or “Methodist”. On a professional basis, I knew that a person does not defend himself against an accusation that hasn’t been made. (If, in the course of a session of psychotherapy, my client blurted out, “I’m not angry about that”, and I hadn’t even broached the topic of anger, it was clear that my client was feeling the need to defend himself against a charge that his own unconscious was making. In short, he really was angry, but he wasn’t ready to admit it or to deal with it.) If my wife hadn’t made the accusation, i.e. “you are a Muslim”, then the accusation had to have come from my own unconscious, as I was the only other person present. I was aware of this, but still I hesitated. The religious label that had been stuck to my sense of identity for 43 years was not going to come off easily.
However, in March of 1993, he became a Muslim. His wife of 33 years also became a Muslim about that same time. Some of Dr. Jerald’s reasons for conversion may be summarized as:
►His seminary education enabled him see the falsehood of a triune godhead (i.e. he couldn’t stomach the polytheism)
►The existence of early churches and Christian movements which never accepted the concept of a triune godhead, and which never accepted the concept of the divinity of Jesus.
►He knew quite well how the Bible had been corrupted.
►The “original” reading of various Biblical texts, many of which are in sharp contrast to what most Christians read when they pick up their Bible.
►The non-religious considerations that underlie many Christian creeds and doctrines
►Some seminary graduates who fill pulpits preach that which they know is not true.
►He was deeply impressed by the behavioral examples he had witnessed in the Muslim community.
►He took an initiative to learn Islam from translations of Holy Qur’an and other books on Islam.
Dr. Jerald F. dirks (now Abu Yahya) knows quite clearly that there is a price to pay for any decision people make. He faced the harsh trials for making a journey from the cross to the crescent. He gives the following advice to the converts-to-be:
There are sacrifices to be made in being a Muslim in America. For that matter, there are sacrifices to be made in being a Muslim anywhere. However, those sacrifices may be more acutely felt in America, especially among American converts. Some of those sacrifices are very predictable, and include altered dress and abstinence from alcohol, pork, and the taking of interest on one’s money. Some of those sacrifices are less predictable. For example, one Christian family, with whom we were close friends, informed us that they could no longer associate with us, as they could not associate with anyone “who does not take Jesus Christ as his personal savior”. In addition, quite a few of my professional colleagues altered their manner of relating to me. Whether it was coincidence or not, my professional referral base dwindled, and there was almost a 30% drop in income as a result. Some of these less predictable sacrifices were hard to accept, although the sacrifices were a small price to pay for what was received in return.
For those contemplating the acceptance of Islam and the surrendering of oneself to Allah—glorified and exalted is He, there may well be sacrifices along the way. Many of these sacrifices are easily predicted, while others may be rather surprising and unexpected. There is no denying the existence of these sacrifices, and I don’t intend to sugar coat that pill for you. Nonetheless, don’t be overly troubled by these sacrifices. In the final analysis, these sacrifices are less important than you presently think. Allah willing, you will find these sacrifices a very cheap coin to pay for the “goods” you are purchasing.
He has written a book titled The Cross & The Crescent. Amana Publications, 2001. [Paperback: 272] in which he envisioned:
In writing this book, I would like to touch the lives of those Christians who have not been given the knowledge that I have gained both about Islam, from my direct contact with Muslims, and about Christianity from my seminary education. I want to share with those Christians, who are willing to listen, what is so often known by their clergy and church leaders, but seldom finds its way into their knowledge of their own religion. Likewise, I would like to reach out to the Muslims, in order to help them understand the religious commonality that they share with Christians.
Other books by Jerald F. Dirks include Abraham: the Friend of God. Amana Publications, 2002. [Paperback: 340]; The Abrahamic Faiths: Judaism, Christianity, And Islam Similarities & Contrasts. Amana Publications, 2004, [Paperback: 284]; Muslims in an American History: A Forgotten Legacy. Amana Publications 2006. [Paperback: 400]; Understanding Islam: A Guide for the Judaeo-Christian Reader. Amana Publications, 2006. [Paperback: 394]; Letters to My Elders in Islam. Amana Publications, 2008. [Paperback: 420].
[References: Dirks, Jerald F. The Cross & The Crescent. Amana Publications, 2001. [Paperback: 272]; “Jerald F. Dirks, Minister of United Methodist Church, USA” Islamreligion.com. 20 Feb 2006 < http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/102/viewall/>%5D
munzer ABSI says:
Dr Dirks is one of the most learned and knowlegiable people about the Arabian horse I have ever met. Also, he is one of the smartest persons I came to know.
Dr Munzer Absi
The Audacity to be Ignorant
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TV / Series
A Hotel To Call Home
Metallica frontman James Hetfield lists his favourite songs of all time
Why David Bowie and Iggy Pop chose Berlin over Los Angeles
Bruce Springsteen performs ‘Land of Hope and Dreams’ for Joe Biden’s inauguration
Remembering when Frank Zappa performed with Pink Floyd at ‘Actuel Rock Festival’ in 1969
Far Out Staff· May 23, 2020
Legends of their field, Frank Zappa and Pink Floyd rightly hold icon status among not only their respective fans but the music world in general. Both worked tirelessly to produce music which was singular and triumphant. They were individuals before much else.
It seems fitting then, that two acts, so defiantly unique, could come together to jam at one of the first-ever French rock festivals, The Actuel Rock Festival, in 1969 and make such harmonious music—but it didn’t quite play out like that.
Sponsored by the Parisian fashion magazine Actuel as well as the BYG record company, the festival was heralded as Europe’s very own Woodstock—but with the police force still reeling from the riots in the capital in May of that year, the festival was pushed north to Belgium and a very unassuming turnip field.
The event took place in late October of 1969. The audience numbered nearly 20,000 people who were treated with performances by Pink Floyd, Ten Years After, Colosseum, Aynsley Dunbar, former Yardbird Keith Relf’s new group Renaissance, Alexis Korner, Don Cherry, The Nice, Caravan, Blossom Toes, Archie Shepp, Yes, The Pretty Things, Pharoah Sanders, The Soft Machine, Captain Beefheart and many more. Too many legends in one festival.
Zappa was there primarily as an MC as well as Captain Beefheart’s tour manager, but with the former being hampered by his inability to speak French, Zappa let go of this role and instead became an occasional guitarist for anyone who’d have him, most notably with Pink Floyd on ‘Interstellar Drive’.
It is their harmonious connection, their undoubted chemistry, and their oddly symbiotic performance which really strikes us as unusual. Two entirely mercurial acts, melted together to deliver something magical.
You can hear it here and watch the performance below that.
Nick Mason had this to say about Zappa in 1973: “Frank Zappa is really one of those rare musicians that can play with us. The little he did in ‘Amougies’ was terribly correct. But he’s the exception. Our music and the way we behave on stage, makes it very hard to improvise with us.”
As reported in Dangerous Minds, an interview with The Simpsons creator, Matt Groening in 1992 Zappa would share his experience: “I was supposed to be MC for the first big rock festival in France, at a time when the French government was very right-wing, and they didn’t want to have large-scale rock and roll in the country. and so at the last minute, this festival was moved from France to Belgium, right across the border, into a turnip field. they constructed a tent, which was held up by these enormous girders. they had 15,000 people in a big circus tent.”
The mercurial musician continues with his story: “This was in November, I think. The weather was really not very nice, it’s cold, and it’s damp, and it was in the middle of a turnip field. I mean mondo turnips. and all the acts, and all the people who wished to see these acts, were urged to find this location in the turnip field, and show up for this festival. and they’d hired me to be the MC and also to bring over Captain Beefheart it was his first appearance over there and it was a nightmare, because nobody could speak English, and I couldn’t speak French, or anything else for that matter.”
Adding: “So my function was really rather limited. I felt a little bit like Linda McCartney,” joked the artist. “I’d stand there and go wave, wave, wave. I sat in with a few of the groups during the three days of the festival. but it was so miserable because all these European hippies had brought their sleeping bags, and they had the bags laid out on the ground in this tent, and they basically froze and slept through the entire festival, which went on 24 hours a day, around the clock. One of the highlights of the event was the Art Ensemble of Chicago, which went on at 5:00 a.m. to an audience of slumbering euro-hippies.”
And that ladies and gentlemen, is why we love Frank Zappa.
(Via: Dangerous Minds / Guitar World )
Johnny Marr on the legacy of post-punk
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You are here: Home / SHTF Plan / Nobel Prize Winner: The Lockdown Was Over A “Panic Virus” & It “Saved No Lives”
Nobel Prize Winner: The Lockdown Was Over A “Panic Virus” & It “Saved No Lives”
May 25, 2020 By SHTF Plan Leave a Comment
Nobel Prize-winning economist Michael Levitt has criticized the planet being on lockdown under the boot of tyranny due to the coronavirus plandemic. Levitt says this was a “panic virus” and the lockdowns “saved no lives.”
There was a very obvious attempt by the mainstream media to panic the public and keep them afraid for as long as possible while they demanded their own oppression by all levels of government. But not only does Levitt say that the lockdowns didn’t save a single life, they actually cost lives, and the social toll on mental health etc. will be felt for years, if not decades. Social distancing, especially when forced upon children will have lasting effects on their emotional development. We are already sick as a society, and the mental health is about to explode all because people believe others have the right to rule over them. But this could all be a part of Dr. Anthony Fauci and Big Pharma’s plan to make money off the scamdemic:
Dr. Anthony Fauci Disappears As The Country Moves To Reopen
Tyrant Fauci EXPOSED: Explain The $3.7 Million In Funding To Wuhan Lab
Big Pharma’s War On Our Children: 1 Million Kids Under Age 6 On PSYCHIATRIC Drugs
Effective measures would have focused on protecting those at risk while allowing everyone else to acquire herd immunity. However, Professor Levitt, who shared the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2013, says the lockdown was a “huge mistake.”
“I think it may have cost lives,” he said. “It will have saved a few road accident lives, things like that, but social damage – domestic abuse, divorces, alcoholism – has been extreme. And then you have those who were not treated for other conditions.”
Levitt, along with other scientists, economists, and doctors, who we now are in the majority, but silenced and “discredited” by the mainstream media and the government so they could complete a totalitarian takeover of the planet, knew from the beginning this was not something to be concerned with. In a letter to President Donald Trump, 600 doctors described the lockdowns as a “mass casualty event.” It can also be described as “economic terrorism”:
“The millions of casualties of a continued shutdown will be hiding in plain sight, but they will be called alcoholism, homelessness, suicide, heart attack, stroke, or kidney failure. In youths it will be called financial instability, unemployment, despair, drug addiction, unplanned pregnancies, poverty, and abuse.
“It is impossible to overstate the short, medium, and long-term harm to people’s health with a continued shutdown,” the letter says. “Losing a job is one of life’s most stressful events, and the effect on a person’s health is not lessened because it also has happened to 30 million [now 38 million] other people. Keeping schools and universities closed is incalculably detrimental for children, teenagers, and young adults for decades to come.” –Letter to President Donald Trump from 600 doctors, Forbes
The real problem, was the reaction the media and the government were able to stir up. “Panic virus” is very accurate.
When you have a different view than the one the government wants you to believe, you will not be heard. Levitt doesn’t have the right analysis on the matter, so it’ll be futile to expect the mainstream media to begin to cover the damage of the lockdowns they so gleefully are trying to keep in place as long as possible.
Original Source shtfplan.com
Filed Under: SHTF Plan
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Footballers Breaching Virus Protocols For Goal Celebrations “Brainless”: UK Lawmaker
Footballers who continue to breach coronavirus protocols by hugging after goals have been labelled “brainless” by a senior British lawmaker. Manchester City and Fulham players crowded together after scoring on Wednesday, ignoring warnings from the Premier League to observe rules on unnecessary contact. Britain is struggling to contain a surge in Covid-19 cases. On Wednesday a new record number of deaths were registered — 1,564 over 24 hours. City boss Pep Guardiola defended his players after their 1-0 win, which moved them to third in the Premier League.
“We are tested maybe five or six times in the last 10 days,” he said at his post-match press conference. “Everyone is negative. In the real moment of joy, in the moment, to say the players don’t hug and celebrate together, it is instinct and reaction. It is difficult.”
“The moment you score a goal and one guy runs and the others don’t go to celebrate with him, it is weird and uncomfortable.”
But Julian Knight, the chairman of the House of Commons Digital, Culture, Media and Sport committee, strongly criticised the footballers.
“Some of the scenes we have seen have been brainless and give out an awful message,” he told Britain’s Press Association news agency.
Harry Kane celebrated his goal for Tottenham in Wednesday’s 1-1 draw with Fulham in muted fashion, with fist bumps and high fives, but there was close hugging among the visitors when Ivan Cavaleiro equalised.
There were also joyous celebrations among the players when Manchester City’s Phil Foden scored the only goal in their victory against Brighton.
Knight stopped short of calling for elite sport to be halted, as it was last year, saying the decision was “a matter for governing bodies and the health experts”.
But he cast doubt on whether the existing plan for this year’s delayed Euro 2020 could be carried out. The tournament is due to take place across 12 countries, with the semi-finals and final planned to take place at Wembley.
Topics mentioned in this article
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07 Jul Jerónimo Martins History
Posted at 16:03h in AGE, 225 YEARS DISTRIBUTION AGE by Admin
Jerónimo Martins History
Know some of the most important milestones in the Jerónimo Martins’ 225 years of history.
A young Galician, Jerónimo Martins, went to Lisbon in search of better times, opening his small store in Chiado. He would never have imagined that his own name would live more than two hundred years as the corporate brand of an ever-growing Group of businesses. The original small shop used to sell a bit of everything: sausages, sacks of wheat and corn, bundles of tallow candles, jugs of wine, brooms, etc.
A new product was to enhance the store’s shelves: olive oil produced in Vale de Lobos by the writer, historian and politician Alexandre Herculano. Signed in his small and neat hand, Herculano defended his “fine olive oil”, stating that “any samples that bear my name, whether alone or associated with another, are completely false”. In the 19th century, the store enjoyed increasing prestige.
In the last year of World War I, the cost of living in Portugal raised, the food supply was disrupted and unemployment increased. These factors triggered violent social events, including strikes and assaults, in a reaction against the Portuguese intervention in the armed conflict. Although apparently flourishing, the company was unable to withstand the veritable economic revolution caused by the war.
The company faced almost bankruptcy. And the solution came from the north by the hands of Francisco Manuel dos Santos, (Alexandre Soares dos Santos grandfather), and Elysio Pereira do Vale, who had already another company – Grandes Armazéns Reunidos. In 1921 they arrived in Lisbon to open the Estabelecimento Jerónimo Martins & Filho, with a wide variety of products: genuine Gruyère, London and Parmesan cheese, little barrels of superior olives from Marseille. It was a challenging time: Francisco Manuel dos Santos took a loan of five thousand escudos offering as a guarantee “his work and his honesty”.
During the World War II years, margarine became an essential product and the protagonist of a turning point in the Group’s business. Francisco Manuel dos Santos left the leadership to his son-in-law and nephew, Elísio Alexandre dos Santos, who started to produce margarine in his own factory, called Fabrica Imperial de Margarina. Later, he made a partnership with Unilever – wich remains till today.
The entry of the Group into manufacturing was confirmed by the joint venture with the multinational Unilever, whose products had been marketing since 1926. The essence of success for the lasting partnership with Unilever can be found in the excellent relations, based on a spirit of openness, trust and mutual respect and a long-term vision.
After his father died, Alexandre Soares dos Santos assumed the family business. He was the first to realise that Jerónimo Martins’ future growth and sustainability would involve building a strong presence in Modern Distribution, at a time when the Group’s results were utterly dominated by the manufacturing business. His vision, audacity, leadership and his ability to inspire and lead thousands of employees over more than 45 years, have grown Jerónimo Martins from a Medium Family Enterprise into an international Group of businesses.
Pingo Doce company started to operate in 1980, with a clear strategy to explore the supermarket business. The year marked the return of Jerónimo Martins to its original activity: Distribution. This operation was achieved by the creation of an extensive network of supermarkets that was rapidly developed.
Jerónimo Martins established a strategic partnership with the Delhaize Group “Le Lion” – the second largest Belgian retailer, for the development of Pingo Doce. The traditional nearly 200-year-old company became a holding company, adopting the name of “Estabelecimentos Jerónimo Martins & Filho – Administração e Participações Financeiras”. In the same year, Jerónimo Martins Distribuição (JMD) was set up, introducing to the Portuguese market well-known brands such as Idal/ Heinz, Rowntree/Perugina, Kellogg’s, Calvin Klein and Bahlsen.
The Jerónimo Martins Group acquired Recheio and entered the wholesale sector in the year of the great Chiado fire, owning 60% of the cash & carry company. It was a period of growth and expansion and, one year later, the Jerónimo Martins Group bought 15 Pão de Açúcar supermarkets from the Brazilian retailers Supa. On August 25th, fire destroyed the historical store and the offices in Rua Garrett.
On its 200th birthday, the Group repositions itself strategically. It acquired from Delhaize “Le Lion” its stake in the retail business and set up a joint venture with the Dutch company Royal Ahold, one of the largest Food Retail companies in the world, which still has a 49% stake in Jerónimo Martins Retail (JMR), the holding company that controls Pingo Doce. 1992 was also the year of the introduction of Private Brands. This was the start of a multi-format strategy in retail and of accelerated growth.
Expansion to Poland started with the acquisition of the local cash & carry network Eurocash, once again in a joint action between Recheio and the British Booker company. The Biedronka project was launched.
This year confirmed Jerónimo Martins’ leading position in the Portuguese business landscape. With sales growing to more than 5.3 billion euros, the Group proved the success of the its strategies and of a balanced management of its resources. The main drivers of this growth came from Poland, where the excellent results were accompanied by the opening of the 1000th Biedronka store, as well as from Portugal, with Pingo Doce consolidating its leading position. Both Pingo Doce and Recheio certified their Private Brands. At this time, Jerónimo Martins was already one of the largest employers in Portugal, reaching the end of the year with 41,300 employees. At the end of 2007, Jerónimo Martins acquired the Plus operations in Portugal and Poland. In 2008, 75 former Plus stores were integrated in the Pingo Doce chain in Portugal and 210 in the Biedronka network in Poland.
This portrait is part of the collection of the Bordalo Pinheiro Museum, in Lisbon.
Time for a new international step: Colombia. In Poland, a new business concept was launched, still at an experimental stage, in the drugstore sector: Hebe stores. Seven units of this chain opened, their offer based on cosmetics, beauty and personal care products.
The first Ara stores and Distribution Centre in Colombia opened on the 13 th of March. The Group’s new “tiendas de barrio” chain ended the year with 36 stores. In December, Pedro Soares dos Santos took up office as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Jerónimo Martins Group, following on the footsteps of his father Alexandre. He is also the Group’s CEO.
This article is part of the “225 Years of Jerónimo Martins” feature.
Highlight, Portugal, Jerónimo Martins
225 years of Jerónimo Martins
The Jerónimo Martins Group
Cutting Down On Salt @ Jerónimo Martins
Portugal hosts un Conference on Ageing
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The Japanese Ministry of Defense will strengthen monitoring of the military activity of neighboring countries
The Japanese Ministry of Defense intends to purchase three US strategic reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) RQ-4 Global Hawk to improve the monitoring system for the military activity of neighboring countries, NHK reports.
It is assumed that the drones will be deployed on the basis of the Misawa air defense forces in the north-east of the country and at the air base in the northern prefecture of Aomori. It is expected that the use of UAVs will begin in the spring of 2019.
As noted by the NHK television channel, the decision to acquire drones could be caused by the intensification of military actions in the DPRK and China adjacent to Japan.
In addition, the Japanese Ministry of Defense intends to purchase four deck-based long-range radar detection aircraft Grumman E-2D Advanced Hawkeye, with the ability to continuously scan from an angle of view of 360 degrees thanks to the installed mushroom-shaped rotating radome antenna radar AN / APY-9. Unlike the previous modification, the E-2D will also be able to coordinate air strikes against air, surface and surface surface targets.
In the summer of this year, the Ministry of Defense of Japan announced its intention in the 2015-2016 fiscal year (1 April 2015) to order several American Osprey MV-22 convertibles as part of the program to create an amphibious division of the country's self-defense forces.
In December 2013, the Japanese government passed the Medium Term Defense Plan. According to the document, Japan will spend about $ 247 billion on the rearmament of the self-defense forces from 2014 to 2018. It is assumed that the self-defense forces will receive 17 Osprey tiltrotors, which combine the functions of an airplane and a helicopter, 99 wheeled armored vehicles MCV (Maneuver Combat Vehicle), 52 armored amphibious vehicles and 28 new F-35 fighters. A second squadron of F-15 fighters, numbering up to 20 vehicles, will be created at the Okinawa Air Force Base.
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A Yakut student creates and promotes medical startups for the republic and the Far East
Success story To lay a brick
"Khabarovsk plant of building ceramics" will become an industrial park
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"Peace Mission-2014" - the most large-scale maneuvers of the SCO, deputy chief of the PLA General Staff
The Peaceful Mission 2014 joint anti-terrorist exercise is the most ambitious exercise in the history of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). This was stated in an interview with the Xinhua news agency by the chief leader of the exercises, deputy chief of the general staff of the People's Liberation Army of China, Wang Ning.
“These are the most ambitious maneuvers in the history of the SCO holding such events in terms of the number of armed forces and equipment involved, as well as the use of combat forces of a new type,” he said.
At the same time, Wang Ning noted that the SCO is a regional international organization that upholds the principles of non-alignment with the blocs, non-resistance and non-resistance to third parties, and cannot become a military alliance. According to him, among the goals of cooperation of the SCO member countries are strengthening good-neighborly relations and mutual trust, ensuring regional security and stability, stimulating the economic development of both the region as a whole and the SCO member countries, promoting the creation of a new just and rational international political and economic system. .
The Peace Mission 2014 anti-terrorist exercise will be held at the Zhuzhihe training ground in Inner Mongolia / North China / from August 24 to 29. The event will be attended by the armed forces of Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan.
As previously reported by the press service of the Eastern Military District, the armed forces of the Russian Federation at the exercise will present a motorized rifle battalion on BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicles, reinforced by a tank company on T-72 tanks, a self-propelled howitzer battery on the 2S3 Akatsiya self-propelled gun, an anti-aircraft platoon on the ZSU- 23-4 "Shilka", a battery of multiple launch rocket systems BM-21 "Grad", a sniper platoon, a mortar battery. In total, about 100 units of weapons and military equipment from the Russian side will be involved in the exercise, including 4 army Su-25 attack aircraft, 8 Mi-8 AMTSh helicopters.
Interview Doctors call Kolyma good conditions
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Interview "The myth of the impossibility of winning the opposition dispelled"
Petr Hanas analyzes the results of 2018 election campaigns of the year.
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American Sniper is a 2014 American biographical war drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Jason Hall. It is loosely based on the memoir American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History (2012) by Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice. The film follows the life of Kyle, who became the deadliest marksman in U.S. military history with 255 kills from four tours in the Iraq War, 160 of which were officially confirmed by the Department of Defense.[5] While Kyle was celebrated for his military successes, his tours of duty took a heavy toll on his personal and family life. The film was produced by Eastwood, Robert Lorenz, Andrew Lazar, Bradley Cooper, and Peter Morgan. It stars Cooper as Kyle and Sienna Miller as his wife Taya, with Luke Grimes, Jake McDorman, Cory Hardrict, Kevin Lacz, Navid Negahban, and Keir O'Donnell in supporting roles.
Andrew Lazar
Jason Hall
by Chris Kyle
Scott McEwen
Jim DeFelice
Tom Stern
Joel Cox
Gary D. Roach
Mad Chance Productions
22nd & Indiana Pictures
November 11, 2014 (2014-11-11) (AFI Fest)
December 25, 2014 (2014-12-25) (United States)
132 minutes[1][2]
$59 million[3]
The world premiere was on November 11, 2014, at the American Film Institute Festival, followed by a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 25, 2014, and a wide release on January 16, 2015. The film became a major success, with a worldwide gross of over $547 million, making it the highest-grossing film of 2014 in the United States ($350 million), the highest-grossing war film of all time unadjusted for inflation, and Eastwood's highest-grossing film to date.
The film received mostly positive reviews, with praise for Cooper's lead performance and Eastwood's direction, although it attracted some controversy over its portrayal of both the War in Iraq and Chris Kyle. At the 87th Academy Awards, American Sniper received six nominations, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Actor for Cooper, ultimately winning one award for Best Sound Editing.[6]
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
4.1.2 Outside North America
4.3 Historical accuracy
4.4 Fake baby
4.5 Top ten lists
4.6 Home media
5 Accolades
Growing up in Texas, Chris Kyle is taught by his father how to shoot a rifle and hunt deer. Years later, Kyle has become a ranch hand and rodeo cowboy, and returns home early, to find his girlfriend in bed with another man. After telling her to leave, he is mulling it over with his brother when he sees news coverage of the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings and decides to enlist in the Navy. He qualifies for special training and becomes a U.S. Navy SEALs sniper.
Kyle meets Taya Studebaker at a bar, and the two soon marry. He is sent to Iraq after the September 11 attacks. His first kills are a woman and boy who attacked U.S. Marines with a Russian made RKG-3 anti-tank grenade. Kyle is visibly upset by the experience, but later earns the nickname "Legend" for his many kills. Assigned to hunt for the al-Qaeda leader, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, Kyle interrogates a family whose father offers to lead the SEALs to "The Butcher", al-Zarqawi's second-in-command. The plan goes awry when The Butcher captures the father and his son, killing them while Kyle is pinned down by a sniper. This sniper goes by the name Mustafa and is an Olympic Games medalist from Syria. Meanwhile, the insurgents issue a bounty on Kyle.
Kyle returns home to his wife and the birth of his son. He is distracted by memories of his war experiences and by Taya's concern for them as a couple – she wishes he would focus on his home and family.
Kyle leaves for a second tour and is promoted to Chief Petty Officer. Involved in a shootout with The Butcher, he helps in killing him. When he returns home to a newborn daughter, Kyle becomes increasingly distant from his family. On Kyle's third tour, Mustafa seriously injures a unit member, Ryan "Biggles" Job, and the unit is evacuated back to base. When they decide to return to the field and continue the mission, another SEAL, Marc Lee, is killed by gunfire.
Guilt compels Kyle to undertake a fourth tour, and Taya tells him she may not be there when he returns. Back in Iraq, Kyle is shocked to learn Biggles died in surgery to repair the wounds he sustained. Assigned to kill Mustafa, who has been sniping U.S. Army combat engineers building a barricade, Kyle's sniper team is placed on a rooftop inside enemy territory. Kyle spots Mustafa and takes him out with a risky long distance shot at 2,100 yards (1,920 m), but this exposes his team's position to numerous armed insurgents. In the midst of the gunfight, and low on ammunition, Kyle tearfully calls Taya and tells her he is ready to come home. A sandstorm provides cover for a chaotic escape in which Kyle is injured and almost left behind.
After Kyle gets back, on edge and unable to adjust fully to civilian life, he is asked by a Veterans Affairs psychiatrist if he is haunted by all the things he did in war. When he replies it is "all the guys [he] couldn't save" that haunt him, the psychiatrist encourages him to help severely wounded veterans in the VA hospital. After that, Kyle gradually begins to adjust to home life.
Years later, on February 2, 2013, Kyle says goodbye to his wife and family as he leaves in good spirits to spend time with Eddie Ray Routh, a veteran suffering from PTSD at a shooting range. An on-screen subtitle reveals that Kyle was killed that day by Routh, followed by archive footage of crowds standing along the highway for his funeral procession. More are shown attending his memorial service.
Bradley Cooper as Chris Kyle[7]
Sienna Miller as Taya Kyle[8]
Luke Grimes as Marc Lee[9]
Jake McDorman as Ryan "Biggles" Job[10]
Cory Hardrict as "D" / Dandridge[11]
Kevin "Dauber" Lacz as himself[12]
Navid Negahban as Sheikh Al-Obodi[13]
Keir O'Donnell as Jeff Kyle
Kyle Gallner as Goat-Winston[14]
Sam Jaeger as Captain Martens[15]
Sammy Sheik as Mustafa, a character partially based on Iraqi sniper Juba[16]
Mido Hamada as "The Butcher", a character possibly based on Abu Deraa[17]
Eric Close as DIA Agent Snead[13]
Eric Ladin as Squirrel[13]
Ben Reed as Wayne Kyle
Brian Hallisay as Captain Gillespie
Tim Griffin as Colonel Gronski
Chance Kelly as Lt. Colonel Jones
Elise Robertson as Deby Kyle
Marnette Patterson as Sara
Cole Konis as Young Chris Kyle
Leonard Roberts as Instructor Rolle
Luke Sunshine as Young Jeff Kyle
Max Charles as Colton Kyle[18]
Troy Vincent as Pastor
Vincent Selhorst-Jones as Eddie Ray Routh
Chris Kyle in 2012
On May 24, 2012, it was announced that Warner Bros. (WB) had acquired the rights to the book with Bradley Cooper set to produce and star in the screen adaptation.[7] Cooper had thought of Chris Pratt to play Kyle, but WB agreed to buy it only if Cooper would star.[19] In September 2012, David O. Russell said he was interested in directing the film.[20] On February 2, 2013, Chris Kyle was murdered. On May 2, 2013, it was announced that Steven Spielberg would direct.[21] Spielberg had read Kyle's book, though he desired to have a more psychological conflict present in the screenplay so an "enemy sniper" character could serve as the insurgent sharpshooter who was trying to track down and kill Kyle. Spielberg's ideas contributed to the development of a lengthy screenplay approaching 160 pages. Due to WB's budget constraints, Spielberg felt he could not bring his vision of the story to the screen.[22] On August 5, 2013, Spielberg dropped out of directing.[23] On August 21, 2013, it was reported that Clint Eastwood would instead direct the film.[24]
CastingEdit
On March 14, 2014, Sienna Miller joined the cast.[8] On March 16, 2014, Kyle Gallner was cast,[14] as was Cory Hardrict on March 18, 2014.[11] On March 20, 2014, Navid Negahban, Eric Close, Eric Ladin, Rey Gallegos, and Jake McDorman also joined the cast,[10][13] as did Luke Grimes and Sam Jaeger on March 25, 2014.[9][15] Kevin Lacz, a former Navy SEAL, was also cast and served as a technical advisor.[12] Another former Navy SEAL, Joel Lambert, also joined the film, portraying a Delta sniper.[25] On June 3, Max Charles was added to the cast to portray Kyle's son, Colton Kyle.[18]
FilmingEdit
Principal photography began on March 31, 2014 in Los Angeles;[26] it was also shot in Morocco.[27] On April 23, the Los Angeles Times reported that ten days of filming set in an Afghan village was set to begin at the Blue Cloud Movie Ranch in the Santa Clarita area.[28] On May 7, shooting of the film was spotted around El Centro; a milk factory was used as the abandoned date factory which insurgents close in on from all directions at the climax of the film.[29][30] The pier and bar scenes were filmed in Seal Beach, California.[31]
Cinematographer Tom Stern shot the film with Arri Alexa XT digital cameras and Panavision C-, E- and G-Series anamorphic lenses.[32] The film is Eastwood's second to be shot digitally, after Jersey Boys.[33]
MusicEdit
There is no "Music by" credit on this film. Clint Eastwood, who has composed the scores for most of his films since Mystic River (2003), is credited as the composer of "Taya's Theme". Joseph S. DeBeasi is credited as composer of additional music and as music editor.[34][35] The film also features the song "Someone Like You" by Van Morrison, which plays during the wedding scene, and "The Funeral" by Ennio Morricone.[36]
Box officeEdit
American Sniper grossed $350.1 million in North America and $197 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $547.1 million, against a budget of around $58 million.[4] Calculating in all expenses and revenues, Deadline Hollywood estimated that the film made a profit of $243 million, making it the second-most profitable film of 2014 only behind Paramount's Transformers: Age of Extinction.[37] Worldwide, it is the highest-grossing war film of all time (breaking Saving Private Ryan's record)[38] and Eastwood's highest-grossing film to date. It is the seventh R-rated film to gross over $500 million.[39]
In North America, it was the highest-grossing film of 2014,[40] the highest-grossing war film unadjusted for inflation (and, on an adjusted basis, second to Saving Private Ryan with $379 million),[41] the fourth-highest-grossing R-rated film of all time (behind The Passion of the Christ, Deadpool, and Deadpool 2),[42] Warner Bros.' fourth-highest-grossing film (behind The Dark Knight, The Dark Knight Rises and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2),[43] and the eighth-highest-grossing Best Picture nominee film (behind Avatar, Titanic, Star Wars, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Toy Story 3, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King and The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers).[44] It became the seventh Warner Bros.' film to earn over $300 million in the U.S. and Canada and the 50th film to reach the mark.[45] It earned as much as the combined earnings of all of the other 2014 Best Picture nominees.[46] On March 8, 2015, it surpassed The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 to become the highest-grossing film of 2014,[44] making it the first R-rated film since Saving Private Ryan (1998) and the first non-franchise film since Avatar (2009) to top the year-end rankings.[44]
American Sniper premiered at the AFI Fest on November 11, 2014, just after a screening of Selma at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in Los Angeles.[47] In North America, the film opened to a limited release on December 25, 2014, playing at four theaters—two in New York, one in Los Angeles, and one in Dallas—and earned $610,000 in its opening weekend ($850,000 including Christmas Day) at an average of $152,500 per venue debuting at #22.[48][49] The following week the film earned $676,909 playing at the same number of locations at an average of $169,277 per theater, which is the second-biggest weekend average ever for a live-action movie (previously held by 2001's Moulin Rouge!).[50] American Sniper holds the record for the most entries in the top 20 Top Weekend Theater Averages with 3 entries (at #12, #14 and #17). It earned a total of $3.4 million from limited release in three weekends.[51]
The film began its wide debut across North American theaters on January 16, 2015 (Thursday night showings began at 7:00 pm).[52] It set an all-time-highest Thursday night opening record for an R-rated drama with $5.3 million (previously held by Lone Survivor).[53][54][55] The film topped the box office on its opening day grossing $30.5 million (including Thursday previews) from 3,555 theaters setting January records for both biggest debut opening (previously held by Cloverfield) and single-day gross (previously held by Avatar).[56][57][58] In its traditional three-day opening the film earned $89.2 million which was double than expected and broke the record for the largest January opening (previously held by Ride Along)[59] and the largest winter opening,[60] which is also Eastwood's top opening as a director (breaking Gran Torino's opening).[61] The three-day opening is also the biggest opening weekend for a drama film (previously held by The Passion of the Christ),[62] the second-biggest debut for a Best Picture Oscar nominee (behind Toy Story 3),[63] the second-biggest debut for an R-rated film (behind The Matrix Reloaded), and the third-biggest for a non-comic book, non-fantasy/sci-fi film (behind Furious 7 and Fast & Furious 6).[63][64] It also set an IMAX January opening and single weekend record with $10.6 million (previously held by Avatar in its fourth weekend) and an R-rated IMAX debut record (previously held by Prometheus).[65] It earned $107.2 million during its four-day Martin Luther King weekend setting a record for the biggest R-rated four-day gross.[66]
In its second weekend, the film expanded to 3,705 theaters making it the second-widest launch for an R-rated movie (behind the film itself).[67][68] It grossed an estimated $64.6 million in its second weekend, declining only by 28%—and set the record for the second-best hold ever for a movie opening to more than $85 million and also set the record for the eighth-largest second-weekend gross.[69][70] In just 10 days of release, the film surpassed Pearl Harbor ($198.5 million) to become the second-highest-grossing war film in North America.[71] By its second weekend, Box Office Mojo had already reported that the film was on poise to become the highest-grossing film of 2014 in North America, a record that was, at the time held by The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 ($334 million), judging from its gradual decline and strong holdovers.[72] It became the highest-grossing IMAX film of January grossing $18.8 million from 333 IMAX theaters.[73] On Thursday, January 29, 2015–35 days after its initial release, the film surpassed Saving Private Ryan ($216.5 million) to become the highest-grossing war film in North America, unadjusted for inflation.[74]
By its third weekend of wide release, the film expanded to 3,885 theaters (180 additional theaters added), breaking its own record of being the widest R-rated film ever released.[75][76] The film topped the box office through its third weekend earning $30.66 million, which is the second-highest Super Bowl weekend gross (behind Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert).[77] After topping the box office for three consecutive weekends, the film was overtaken by The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water in its fourth weekend.[46]
Outside North AmericaEdit
The film had the biggest debut weekend for a Clint Eastwood film, and went on to become the director's top-grossing film of all time in each of the countries in which it was released.[78] In Italy the film opened at number two with $7.1 million, Eastwood's best opening of all time, and Warner Bros.' second-biggest opening for a non-franchise U.S. film there;[79] it went on to top the box office the following weekend as well.[80] Its other largest openings occurred in France ($6.3 million),[81] where it topped the box office for four consecutive weekends,[82] Australia ($4.3 million, $4.6 million including previews),[83] the UK, Ireland and Malta ($3.8 million),[84] Spain ($3.2 million), Japan ($2.8 million), Mexico ($2.6 million), Brazil ($1.8 million), and South Korea ($1.2 million).[81] In total earnings, its largest market outside of the U.S. are Italy ($23 million) and France ($22.8 million).[85]
Critical responseEdit
On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 72%, based on 294 reviews, with an average rating of 6.90/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Powered by Clint Eastwood's sure-handed direction and a gripping central performance from Bradley Cooper, American Sniper delivers a tense, vivid tribute to its real-life subject."[86] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 72 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[87] In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, audiences gave American Sniper a rare grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale.[88]
Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: "A taut, vivid and sad account of the brief life of the most accomplished marksman in American military annals."[89] Justin Chang of Variety gave the film a positive review, saying "...an excellent performance from a bulked-up Bradley Cooper, this harrowing and intimate character study offers fairly blunt insights into the physical and psychological toll exacted on the front lines..."[90] David Denby of The New Yorker gave the film a positive review, saying "Both a devastating war movie and a devastating antiwar movie, a subdued celebration of a warrior's skill and a sorrowful lament over his alienation and misery."[91] Keith Phipps of The Dissolve wrote that the film, while well made, missed a chance to explore the toll that such service exacts on soldiers.[92] Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C+, saying "The film's just a repetition of context-free combat missions and one-dimensional targets."[93] Elizabeth Weitzman of New York Daily News gave the film four out of five stars, saying "The best movies are ever-shifting, intelligent and open-hearted enough to expand alongside an audience. American Sniper [...] is built on this foundation of uncommon compassion."[94] Kyle Smith of the New York Post gave the film four out of four stars, saying "After 40 years of Hollywood counterpropaganda telling us war is necessarily corrupting and malign, [...] American Sniper nobly presents the case for the other side."[95]
Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "Bradley Cooper, as Navy SEAL Chris Kyle, and director Eastwood salute Kyle's patriotism best by not denying its toll. Their targets are clearly in sight, and their aim is true."[96] Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of The A.V. Club gave the film a B, saying "American Sniper is imperfect and at times a little corny, but also ambivalent and complicated in ways that are uniquely Eastwoodian."[97] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "American Sniper lifts director Clint Eastwood out of the doldrums that have plagued his last few films."[98] Rafer Guzman of Newsday gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Cooper nails the role of an American killing machine in Clint Eastwood's clear-eyed look at the Iraq War."[99] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a positive review, saying "Eastwood's impeccably crafted action sequences so catch us up in the chaos of combat we are almost not aware that we're watching a film at all."[100] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film three out of four stars, saying "It's clearly Cooper's show. Substantially bulked up and affecting a believable Texas drawl, Cooper embodies Kyle's confidence, intensity and vulnerability."[101] Joshua Rothkopf of Time Out New York gave the film four out of five stars, saying "Only Clint Eastwood could make a movie about an Iraq War veteran and infuse it with doubts, mission anxiety and ruination."[102] Dean Obeidallah praised the film, saying "His focus was not on whom we were fighting, but the unbearably high price Americans pay for waging war regardless of its target. The film is a cautionary tale for Americans about why we must avoid war. It is not a celebration of waging it."[103]
The film drew some negative reviews. Matt Taibbi, in Rolling Stone, wrote that the movie turned the complicated moral questions and mass-bloodshed of the Iraq war into a black and white fairy tale, without presenting the historical context.[104] Alex von Tunzelmann of The Guardian argued that the film presented a simplified black and white portrayal of the Iraq war, and that it features the distortion of facts into unreliable myths based upon previous legends.[105] David Masciotra of Salon criticized the movie's focus on physical rather than moral courage as the ultimate manly virtue.[106] Cavalry scout sniper Garett Reppenhagen stated that he did not view Iraqi civilians as savages, but as part of a friendly culture for which the movie has furthered ignorance, fear, and bigotry.[107] Cinematographer Paul Edwards wrote in CounterPunch that he believes the film to be dangerous due to mutilating the classic hero's journey into a simplistic, brutal, and sadistic destruction of "evildoers".[108] Inkoo Kang of TheWrap gave the film a negative review, saying "Director Clint Eastwood's focus on Kyle is so tight that no other character, including wife Taya (Sienna Miller), comes through as a person, and the scope so narrow that the film engages only superficially with the many moral issues surrounding the Iraq War."[109] Several other articles have also been critical of the movie.[110][111][112][113][114]
Responding to critics, Eastwood said that American Sniper shows "what [war] does to the people left behind",[115] and that presenting "the fact of what [war] does to the family and the people who have to go back into civilian life like Chris Kyle did" is the "biggest antiwar statement any film" can make.[116] He stated: "One of my favorite war movies that I've been involved with is Letters from Iwo Jima and that was about family, about being taken away from life, being sent someplace. In World War II, everybody just sort of went home and got over it. Now there is some effort to help people through it."[116] He also said: "I was a child growing up during World War II. That was supposed to be the one to end all wars. And four years later, I was standing at the draft board being drafted during the Korean conflict, and then after that there was Vietnam, and it goes on and on forever ... I just wonder ... does this ever stop? And no, it doesn't. So each time we get in these conflicts, it deserves a lot of thought before we go wading in or wading out. Going in or coming out. It needs a better thought process, I think."[117]
Bradley Cooper stated that much of the criticism ignores that the film was about widespread neglect of returning veterans, and that people who take issue with Kyle should redirect their attention to the leaders who put the troops there in the first place. He said: "We looked at hopefully igniting attention about the lack of care that goes to vets. [Any] discussion that has nothing to do with vets, or what we did or did not do [for them], every conversation in those terms is moving farther and farther from what our soldiers go through, and the fact that 22 veterans commit suicide each day." Cooper said that an increasing number of soldiers are returning from conflict psychologically damaged, only to be more or less discarded.[118]
First Lady Michelle Obama and former Republican Party vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin also spoke out in support of the movie.[119][120][121]
Historical accuracyEdit
Several major news sources commented on the accuracy of the film and how it differs from Chris Kyle's written accounts. The enemy sniper Mustafa is a major character in the film but receives only a small mention in the memoir; Kyle noted: "I never saw him, but other snipers later killed an Iraqi sniper we think was him."[122][123] According to the memoir, Kyle's 2100-yard shot was taken against an insurgent holding a rocket launcher, not Mustafa.[123][124] TIME notes that according to screenwriter Jason Hall, Kyle said of Mustafa: "He shot my friend. I'm not going to put his name in my book."[125] The first combat scene in the film has Kyle killing a boy and mother who try to attack U.S. troops with a grenade; the boy was added for the film.[122][123][125] The film's narrative has Navy SEAL Ryan "Biggles" Job dying from surgical complications from an operation on his face relatively soon after being shot in Iraq, but in reality it was several years later.[123][124] The character "the Butcher" was created for the film,[122][125] although this character may have been based on the real-life Abu Deraa and/or Ahmad Hashim Abd al-Isawi.[122] The visual blog Information is Beautiful stated that, while taking creative licence into account, the film was 56.9% accurate when compared to real-life events, summarizing: "a lot of the events in the movie did happen, although Kyle's involvement in them was repeatedly exaggerated".[126]
Fake babyEdit
One aspect of the film that received negative comment was its use of a fake baby doll in one scene, which was so obviously artificial that it became a distraction.[127] In at least one media screening of the film, the audience laughed out loud at how artificial the doll appeared.[128] When discussing the film's prospects for winning an Academy Award, Fandango critic Dave Karger said, "The reason why American Sniper is not going to win is because of the plastic baby."[129] In The Telegraph, journalist Mark Harris said, "That plastic baby is going to be rationalised by Eastwood auteur cultists until the end of days."[130] In response, screenwriter Jason Hall replied, "Hate to ruin the fun but real baby #1 showed up with a fever. Real baby #2 was no show. [Clint voice] 'Gimme the doll, kid.'"[130][131]
Top ten listsEdit
American Sniper was listed on many critics' top ten lists.[132]
1st – Kyle Smith, New York Post
3rd – Ty Burr, Boston Globe
6th – Richard Brody, The New Yorker
6th – James Verniere, Boston Herald
7th – James Berardinelli, Reelviews
7th – Lou Lumenick, New York Post
8th – Mara Reinstein, Us Weekly
9th – Scott Feinberg, The Hollywood Reporter
9th – Elizabeth Weitzman, New York Daily News
10th – Scott Foundas, Variety
10th – People
Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – David Denby, The New Yorker
Best of 2014 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times
Best of 2014 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Manohla Dargis, The New York Times
American Sniper was released on Blu-ray and DVD on May 19, 2015.[133]
Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped both the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, as well as the Blu-ray Disc sales chart in the week ending May 24, 2015.[134]
AccoladesEdit
Ref(s)
Best Picture Clint Eastwood, Robert Lorenz, Andrew Lazar, Bradley Cooper and Peter Morgan Nominated [135]
Best Actor Bradley Cooper Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated
Best Film Editing Joel Cox and Gary D. Roach Nominated
Best Sound Editing Alan Robert Murray and Bub Asman Won
Best Sound Mixing John T. Reitz, Gregg Rudloff and Walt Martin Nominated
Art Directors Guild Awards
Excellence in Production Design for a Contemporary Film James J. Murakami, Charisse Cardenas Nominated [136]
ACE Eddie Awards
Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic Joel Cox and Gary D. Roach Nominated [137]
American Film Institute Awards 2014
Top Ten Films of the Year Won [138]
British Academy Film Awards
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated [139]
Best Sound Walt Martin, John Reitz, Gregg Rudloff, Alan Robert Murray, Bub Asman Nominated
Cinema Audio Society Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Live Action Walt Martin, Gregg Rudloff, John Reitz, Robert Fernandez, Thomas J. O'Connell, James Ashwell Nominated [140]
Critics' Choice Award
Best Action Movie American Sniper Nominated [141]
Best Actor in an Action Movie Bradley Cooper Won
Best Picture American Sniper Won [142][143]
Best Director Clint Eastwood Nominated
Best Actor Bradley Cooper (tied with Ralph Fiennes in The Grand Budapest Hotel) Won
Best Supporting Actress Sienna Miller Nominated
Best Cinematography Tom Stern Nominated
Directors Guild of America Award
Outstanding Directing – Feature Film Clint Eastwood Nominated [144]
Empire Awards
Best Actor Bradley Cooper Nominated [145]
Iowa Film Critics
Best Movie Yet to Open in Iowa American Sniper (tied with A Most Violent Year) Won [146]
MPSE Golden Reel Awards
Feature English Language - Effects/Foley Bub Asman, Alan Robert Murray Won [147]
Movie of the Year American Sniper Nominated [148]
Best Male Performance Bradley Cooper Won
National Board of Review
Top Ten Film Won [149]
Best Director Clint Eastwood Won
Producers Guild of America Awards
Best Theatrical Motion Picture Bradley Cooper, Clint Eastwood, Andrew Lazar, Robert Lorenz, Peter Morgan Nominated [150]
Best Editing Gary Roach and Joel Cox Nominated
Saturn Awards
Best Thriller Film American Sniper Nominated
Writers Guild of America Awards
List of films featuring the United States Navy SEALs
Battle for Sevastopol
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^ Mendelson, Scott (January 19, 2015). "Thoughts On 'American Sniper: The IMAX Experience'". Forbes. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
^ McClintock, Pamela (January 20, 2015). "Final Box Office: 'American Sniper' Even Bigger, Hits $107.2M Over MLK Weekend". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
^ Subers, Ray (January 22, 2015). "Forecast: 'Sniper' to Easily Fight Off Weak Competition This Weekend". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
^ "Widest releases by MPAA rating". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
^ Subers, Ray (January 25, 2015). "Weekend Report: 'Sniper' Scores Stunning $64 Million in Second Weekend". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (January 26, 2015). "'American Sniper' Higher In Actuals With $200.4M, Oscar Fare Surging – Monday Final Box Office". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
^ McClintock, Pamela (January 25, 2015). "Box Office: 'American Sniper' Hits Stunning $200M; Johnny Depp Fizzles". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
^ Lieberman, David (January 27, 2015). "IMAX Stock Buoyed by 'Mission: Impossible' Switch And Box Office Sales". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
^ Linda Ge (January 30, 2015). "'American Sniper' Overtakes 'Saving Private Ryan' as No. 1 Domestic Grossing War Movie of All Time". The Wrap. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
^ McNarry, Dave (January 28, 2015). "Box Office: 'American Sniper' to Dominate Super Bowl Weekend with $35 Million". Variety. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (January 28, 2015). "Super Bowl Won't Sideline 'American Sniper': Box Office Preview". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 2, 2015). "'American Sniper' Misses Super Bowl Record; Most Top 10 Films Off – Monday B.O. Actuals". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
^ Tartaglione, Nancy (March 8, 2015). "'American Sniper' Shoots Past $500M At Global B.O.; More Eastwood Records Set". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
^ Tartaglione, Nancy (January 6, 2015). "'Sniper' Hits Bullseye For Eastwood In Italy, 'Hobbit' Grows: Intl BO Update". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
^ Tartaglione, Nancy (January 13, 2015). "Strong Frame For Fox, Eastwood, Local Pics At International Box Office: Update". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
^ a b Tartaglione, Nancy (February 24, 2015). "'Fifty Shades' Still Sexy At Overseas Box Office; Chinese New Year Festive For 'Kingsman' – In'tl B.O.Update". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
^ Tartaglione, Nancy (March 15, 2015). "'Cinderella' Tops International Box Office As 'Fifty Shades' Joins Uni's Top 10". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
^ Tartaglione, Nancy (January 27, 2015). "'Sniper', 'Boy Next Door', 'Mortdecai' Up In Actuals; 'Taken 3′ Cume Shifts: Intl BO". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
^ Tartaglione, Nancy (January 21, 2015). "'Sniper' Hits Eastwood Highs; 'Taken', 'Son' Top International Box Office: Final". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
^ Tartaglione, Nancy (June 22, 2015). "Euro Summer Box Office's Rosy Outlook: Admissions Up, Soccer Off – Chart". Deadline Hollywood. (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved June 22, 2015.
^ "American Sniper (2015)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
^ "American Sniper Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
^ Riley, Jenelle (January 8, 2015). "Can Box Office Help 'American Sniper', 'Unbroken' Win Over Academy Voters?". Variety. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
^ McCarthy, Todd. "'American Sniper': AFI Fest Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Chang, Justin (November 12, 2014). "'American Sniper' Review: Bradley Cooper Stars in Clint Eastwood's Powerful War Movie". Variety. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Denby, David (December 22, 2014). ""Selma" and "American Sniper" Reviews". The New Yorker. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ American Sniper. Phipps, Keith. The Dissolve, December 23, 2014
^ Nashawaty, Chris (December 25, 2014). "American Sniper Review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Weitzman, Elizabeth (December 22, 2014). "'American Sniper': Movie review". NY Daily News. New York. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Smith, Kyle (December 23, 2014). "'American Sniper' is the year's most extraordinary film". New York Post. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Travers, Peter. "'American Sniper' Movie Review". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Vishnevetsky, Ignatiy. "Review: Clint Eastwood's American Sniper is a war movie that's tensest on the home front". The A.V. Club. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Berardinelli, James. "Reelviews Movie Reviews". ReelViews. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Guzman, Rafer. "'American Sniper' review: Bradley Cooper nails the role". Newsday.
^ Turan, Kenneth (December 24, 2014). "Review: 'American Sniper' goes above and beyond war-hero tradition - LA Times". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Puig, Claudia (December 23, 2014). "Bradley Cooper's aim is true in 'American Sniper'". USA Today. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Rothkopf, Joshua. "American Sniper". Time Out New York. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Obeidallah, Dean (January 27, 2015). "'American Sniper' a powerful anti-war film". CNN.com. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
^ Taibbi, Matt (January 21, 2015). "'American Sniper' is almost too dumb to criticize". Rolling Stone Magazine. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
^ Masciotra, David (February 1, 2015). "Civil war at the cineplex: "American Sniper", "Selma" and the battle over American masculinity". Salon. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
^ Reppenhagen, Garett (February 1, 2015). "I was an American sniper, and Chris Kyle's war was not my war". Salon. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
^ Edwards, Paul (February 4, 2015). "The Sociopath as Hero". CounterPunch. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
^ Kang, Inkoo. "'American Sniper' Review: War Plays Out Like a Video Game in Clint Eastwood's Navy SEAL Biopic". TheWrap. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Hedges, Chris (January 25, 2015). "Killing Ragheads for Jesus". Truthdig. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
^ Pulliam Bailey, Sarah (January 14, 2015). "Here's the faith in the 'American Sniper' you won't see in the film". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
^ Beauchamp, Zack (January 21, 2015). "American Sniper is a dishonest whitewash of the Iraq war". Vox. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
^ Alvarez, Max (January 30, 2015). "From Psychopaths to American Hero? A Short History of Sniper Cinema". Counterpunch. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
^ Scranton, Roy (January 25, 2015). "The Trauma Hero: From Wilfred Owen to "Redeployment" and "American Sniper"". Los Angeles Review Of Books. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
^ Haithman, Diane (January 24, 2015). "Eastwood Talks Impact Of 'American Sniper' At PGA Nominees Breakfast". Deadline.com.
^ a b Kilday, Gregg (January 24, 2015). "Clint Eastwood on 'American Sniper's' "Biggest Antiwar Statement"". The Hollywood Reporter.
^ Howell, Peter (January 16, 2015). "Think before you shoot, Clint Eastwood says of war: interview". The Star. Toronto.
^ Buckley, Cara (February 2, 2015). "Bradley Cooper Says 'American Sniper' Debate Ignores Plight of Veterans". The New York Times.
^ "Remarks by the First Lady at Got Your Six Screenwriters Event - Conversation on the Power of Telling Veterans' Stories". WhiteHouse.gov. January 30, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
^ Johnson, Ted (January 30, 2015). "First Lady Michelle Obama Offers Praise for 'American Sniper'". Variety. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
^ Sarah Palin To Critics Of 'American Sniper' Movie: God Bless Our Snipers, Ahiza Garcia, January 21, 2015, Talking Points Memo
^ a b c d Alex von Tunzelmann. "Is American Sniper historically accurate? | Film". The Guardian. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
^ a b c d Duckworth, Courtney (January 23, 2015). "American Sniper fact vs. fiction: How accurate is the Chris Kyle movie?". Slate.com. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
^ a b Lamothe, Dan (February 18, 2015). "Fact-checking 'American Sniper' as the Oscars near". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
^ a b c Dockterman, Eliana (January 16, 2015). "The True Story Behind American Sniper". Time.
^ "Based on a True True Story? Scene-by-scene Breakdown of Hollywood Films". Information Is Beautiful. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
^ McWeeny, Drew (December 1, 2014). "The Real Star of American Sniper is a Creepy Robot Baby". Hitfix. Archived from the original on 2014-12-27. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
^ Galuppo, Mia (January 19, 2015). "American Sniper's Fake Baby Mocked by Critics, Moviegoers". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
^ Respers France, Lisa (February 22, 2015). "'American Sniper', the Oscars, and that Fake Baby". CNN. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
^ a b Vincent, Alice (January 19, 2015). "The Mystery of American Sniper's Plastic Babies". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
^ "Film Critic Top 10 Lists - Best Movies of 2014". Metacritic. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
^ "American Sniper Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
^ Thomas K. Arnold (May 28, 2015). "'American Sniper' Shoots to the Top of the Home-Video Charts". Variety. (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved May 29, 2015.
^ "Oscar Nominations: 'Grand Budapest Hotel' & 'Birdman' Lead Way With 9 Noms; 'Imitation Game' Scores 8". Deadline Hollywood. January 15, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
^ "'Birdman', 'Foxcatcher' Among Art Directors Guild Nominees". Deadline Hollywood. January 5, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
^ McNary, Dave (January 2, 2015). "'American Sniper', 'Boyhood', 'Gone Girl' Among ACE Eddie Award Nominees (FULL LIST)". Variety. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
^ "AFI List of Top Ten Films Expands to Include 11 Movies". The Hollywood Reporter. December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
^ "BAFTA Nominations: 'Grand Budapest Hotel' Leads With 11 – Full List". Deadline Hollywood. January 8, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
^ "Cinema Audio Society Nominates 'American Sniper', 'True Detective' and More". Indiewire. January 13, 2015. Archived from the original on January 30, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
^ Pedersen, Erik. "Critics' Choice Awards Winners 2015 — Full List: 'Boyhood', 'Birdman' - Deadline". Deadline Hollywood.
^ "Denver critics nominate 'American Sniper', 'Birdman' and 'Inherent Vice'". Hitfix. January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
^ "Denver critics name Clint Eastwood's 'American Sniper' the year's best film". Hitfix. January 12, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
^ "DGA Awards Film Nominations: Anderson, Eastwood, Inarritu, Linklater, Tyldum". Deadline Hollywood. January 13, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
^ "Vote Now For The Jameson Empire Awards 2015". empireonline.com.
^ "'Boyhood' is Iowa Critics' Best Picture of 2014". Hitfix. January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
^ "'Birdman', 'Apes' Top 2015 Golden Reel Nominations". Deadline Hollywood. January 14, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
^ "Here Are Your 2015 MTV Movie Awards Nominees". MTV News.
^ "National Board of Review Announces 2014 Award Winners". National Board of Review. December 2, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
^ "'American Sniper', 'Birdman' & 'Boyhood' Among PGA Awards Nominees". Deadline Hollywood. January 5, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
^ "Writers Guild Awards Nominations: 'Whiplash', 'Gone Girl', 'Guardians' On Diverse List". Deadline Hollywood. January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
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Pupi Avati
Giuseppe Avati, better known as Pupi Avati (born 3 November 1938), is an Italian film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is known to horror film fans for his two giallo masterpieces, The House with Laughing Windows (1976) and Zeder (1983).
Pupi Avati in 2008
Giuseppe Avati
Film director, film producer, screenwriter
1.68 m (5 ft 6 in)
Commendatore Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana[1]
1 Early life and career
3 Filmography
3.1 Films directed
3.2 TV productions
3.3 Written screenplays
3.4 Titles produced
4 Awards and nominations
Early life and careerEdit
Pupi Avati was born in Bologna in 1938.[2] After attending school and studying Political Science at the University of Bologna, he started working at a frozen food company. At the same time, he developed a passion for jazz, becoming a proficient clarinetist. In the second half of the 1950s, he formed and played in the Doctor Dixie Jazz Band, of which Lucio Dalla was also a member.[3]
Although he initially intended to be a professional musician, Avati felt he lacked the necessary talent. In the mid-1960s, he decided to dedicate himself to cinema after seeing Federico Fellini's 8½ and its portrait of the role of a director.[4] Avati's passion for music, as well as his love for his hometown, which was the setting of many of his films, were to become recurrent themes found in his productions.
His filmography as a director includes almost forty[vague] films and television works. As a screenwriter, Avati wrote or co-authored the majority of his movies, as well as screenplays for other directors. He cooperated on the script of Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma (Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom, 1976) directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini, even though he is not credited for it.[citation needed] He also produced several films for other directors and in his own work. Many of his movies are also produced by his brother Antonio Avati.
Avati began his career directing horror films and is considered one of the most notable Italian directors of this genre,[4] with titles including La casa dalle finestre che ridono (The House with Laughing Windows, 1976) and Zeder (1983), which are considered his masterpieces.
According to Avati, the TV series Jazz Band (1978), written about the story of the Doctor Dixie Jazz Band marked a turning point for his work. The subject of his movies began coming from his own experience, and his cinema became more nostalgic, introspective, and autobiographic. Moreover, the series was successful and brought Avati to the attention of a wider public compared to his previous films.[3]
Throughout his career, Avati successfully directed and produced many genres of film, including horrors, medieval period pieces, dramas, jazz comedies, buddy comedies, biopics and others, proving himself to be a versatile director.
During his career as a director, screenwriter, and producer, Avati was nominated for the Golden Palm, Silver Ribbons, David di Donatello Awards, and many others. He won two David di Donatello Awards and five Silver Ribbons.
Avati was nominated Commendatore Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana on 2 June 1995.[1]
He has presided over the Federico Fellini Foundation, created in 1995, in memory of the great Rimini-born director.
In 2008, Avati published his autobiography, Sotto le stelle di un film, edited by Il Margine.[5] Inspired by the autobiography of the director, in 2010, Claudio Costa made a documentary film of interviews and animations, called Pupi Avati, ieri oggi domani ("Pupi Avati, yesterday today tomorrow").
WorksEdit
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He started his career in the movies with two grotesque comical horror movies with surreal plots. The first was Balsamus, l'uomo di Satana (Blood Relations - "The Man of Satan") in 1968, one of the few films where the screenplay was not written by Avati. This film was followed a year later by Thomas e gli indemoniati (Thomas and the Bewitched, 1969), but it was never released in Italy.
In 1974, Avati made the bizarre La mazurka del barone, della santa e del fico fiorone (The Mazurka of the Baron, the Saint and the Early Fig Tree), a movie with an almost fairy-tale-like atmosphere in a style reminiscent of the movies of Federico Fellini. In 1975, his musical fantasy, Bordella (House of Pleasure for Women), caused a commotion resulting in some censorship.
In 1976, Avati directed the horror film, La casa dalle finestre che ridono ("House of Laughing Windows"), set in the Po Valley in Emilia–Romagna, which was appreciated by lovers of this genre. This movie was followed by Tutti defunti... tranne i morti (1977), a black comedy with a similar theme but written in a parodistic and farcical way.
Avati also directed several films and series for television. The previously mentioned Jazz Band was broadcast on RAI TV in 1978, followed by Cinema!!! in 1979, Dancing Paradise in 1982, Accadde a Bologna in 1983, and È proibito ballare in 1989.
In 1980, he wrote the screenplay for Macabro (Frozen Terror, or Macabre), the first movie directed by Lamberto Bava. This film was also produced by Avati.
In 1983, Avati directed the comedy, Una gita scolastica (A School Outing), and then another thriller-horror, Zeder, which was considered one of his best films in the genre. After Impiegati (1984), he made Regalo di Natale (Christmas Present, 1986), starring Diego Abatantuono in his first dramatic role. The sequel of this film was released in 2004 and titled Rivincita di Natale (Christmas Rematch).
His career continued in 1989 with Storia di ragazzi e di ragazze (The Story of Boys and Girls), which awarded him the Nastro d'Argento for Best Director and Script in 1990. Following that, he made the biopic, Bix in 1991, Magnificat in 1993, the thriller L'amico d'infanzia (The Childhood Friend) in 1994, and the horror L'arcano incantatore (The Mysterious Enchanter) in 1996 with Stefano Dionisi.
In 1995, he wrote the screenplay of the RAI TV miniseries, Voci notturne, directed by Fabrizio Laurenti.
In 1998, Avati filmed Il testimone dello sposo (The Best Man), followed by La via degli angeli (A Midsummer Night's Dance) in 1999 and I cavalieri che fecero l'impresa (The Knights of the Quest) in 2001. Two years later he directed the sentimental comedy Il cuore altrove (The Heart Is Elsewhere) with Neri Marcorè and Vanessa Incontrada in the role of a young blind woman. The film was nominated for a Golden Palm at Cannes Film Festival, and he received the David di Donatello Award for the Best Director.[6][7]
In 2005, he directed Vittoria Puccini, Paolo Briguglia, and Claudio Santamaria in the romantic comedy Ma quando arrivano le ragazze?. In the same year he directed Antonio Albanese, Katia Ricciarelli, and again Neri Marcorè in La seconda notte di nozze. In 2007, Diego Abatantuono, Francesca Neri, Ines Sastre, Vanessa Incontrada, and Violante Placido acted in Avati's film, La cena per farli conoscere, while Laura Morante acted as an Italian woman who takes over a disturbing building in Davenport, Iowa, in the horror, Il nascondiglio (The Hideout).
In 2008, Avati directed Il papà di Giovanna (Giovanna's Father), followed by Gli amici del bar Margherita (The Friends at Margherita Café) in 2009. Next, he directed Il figlio più piccolo ("The Youngest Son") in 2010 and Una sconfinata giovinezza ("A Boundless Youth") in 2011.
FilmographyEdit
Films directedEdit
Balsamus, l'uomo di Satana (Blood Relations, 1968)
Thomas e gli indemoniati (Thomas and the Bewitched, 1969)
La mazurka del barone, della santa e del fico fiorone (The Mazurka of the Baron, the Saint and the Early Fig Tree, 1975)
Bordella (House of Pleasure for Women, 1976)
La casa dalle finestre che ridono (The House with Laughing Windows, 1976)
Tutti defunti... tranne i morti (All Deceased... Except the Dead, 1977)
Le strelle nel fosso (1979)
Aiutami a sognare (Help Me Dream, 1981)
Zeder (1983) released on video as Revenge of the Dead
Una gita scolastica (A School Outing, 1983)
Noi tre (We Three, 1984)
Impiegati (1984)
Festa di laurea (Graduation Party, 1985)
Regalo di Natale (Christmas Present, 1986)
Ultimo minuto (The Last Minute, 1987)
Sposi (Bride and Groom, 1987, first segment)
Storia di ragazzi e di ragazze (The Story of Boys and Girls, 1989)
Bix (1991)
Fratelli e sorelle (Brothers and Sisters, 1991)
Magnificat (1993)
L'amico d'infanzia (The Childhood Friend, 1994)
Dichiarazioni d'amore (Declarations of Love, 1994)
L'arcano incantatore (The Mysterious Enchanter, 1996)
Il testimone dello sposo (The Best Man, 1998)
La via degli angeli (A Midsummer Night's Dance, 1999)
I cavalieri che fecero l'impresa (The Knights of the Quest, 2001)
Il cuore altrove (The Heart Is Elsewhere, also known as The Heart Is Everywhere, 2003)
La rivincita di Natale (Christmas Rematch, 2004)
Ma quando arrivano le ragazze? (2005)
La seconda notte di nozze (2005)
La cena per farli conoscere (2007)
Il nascondiglio (The Hideout, 2007)
Il papà di Giovanna (Giovanna's Father, 2008)
Gli amici del bar Margherita (The Friends at Margherita Café, 2009)
Il figlio più piccolo ("The youngest son", 2010)
Una sconfinata giovinezza ("A boundless youth", 2011)
The Big Heart of the Girls (2011)
Il bambino cattivo (2013)
A Golden Boy (2014)
Il Signor Diavolo (2019)
TV productionsEdit
Jazz Band (1978)
Cinema!!! (1979)
Dancing Paradise (1982)
Accadde a Bologna (1983)
È proibito ballare (1989)
Written screenplaysEdit
The Kiss (1974) (1974, directed by Mario Lanfranchi)
La mazurka del barone, della santa e del fico fiorone (1975)
Cav. Costante Nicosia demoniaco, ovvero: Dracula della Brianza (Dracula in the Provinces, 1975, directed by Lucio Fulci)
Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma (Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom, 1976, uncredited, directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini)
The Mistress Is Served (1976, directed by Mario Lanfranchi)
Tutti defunti... tranne i morti (1977)
Macabro (Frozen Terror, also known as Macabre, 1980, directed by Lamberto Bava)
Zeder (1983)
Dove comincia la notte (1991, directed by Maurizio Zaccaro)
La stanza accanto (Bitter Chamber, also known as The Room Next Door, 1994, directed by Fabrizio Laurenti)
Voci notturne (TV serial, 1995, directed by Fabrizio Laurenti)
Festival (1996)
Il figlio più piccolo (2010)
Una sconfinata giovinezza (2011)
Titles producedEdit
Aiutami a sognare (1981)
Sposi (1987)
Storia di ragazzi e di ragazze (1989)
Io e il re (1996, directed by Lucio Gaudino)[7]
Il Sindaco (The Mayor, 1996, directed by Ugo Fabrizio Giordani)
Caro domani (1999, directed by Mariantonio Avati, TV series)
La prima volta (2000, directed by Massimo Martella)[7]
Gli amici del bar Margherita (2009)[7]
Awards and nominationsEdit
Cannes Film Festival[6]
1991: Golden Palm (Bix, nominated)
1993: Golden Palm (Magnificat, nominated)
2003: Golden Palm (Il cuore altrove, nominated)
David di Donatello Awards[7]
1990: Best Director (Storia di ragazzi e di ragazze, nominated)
1990: Best Film (Storia di ragazzi e di ragazze, nominated)
1990: Best Script (Storia di ragazzi e di ragazze, won)
1995: David "Luchino Visconti" Award
2003: Best Director (Il cuore altrove, won)
2004: Best Director (La rivincita di Natale, nominated)
2009: Best Director (Il papà di Giovanna, nominated)
2009: Best Producer (Il papà di Giovanna, nominated)
Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists – Silver Ribbon
1984: Best Director (Una gita scolastica, won)
1984: Best Story (Una gita scolastica, won)
1990: Best Director (Storia di ragazzi e di ragazze, won)
1990: Best Screenplay (Storia di ragazzi e di ragazze, won)
1997: Best Producer (Festival, won)
2000: Best Screenplay (La via degli angeli, nominated)
2003: Best Director (Il cuore altrove, nominated)
2003: Best Original Story (Il cuore altrove, nominated)
2008: Little Golden Lion (Il papà di Giovanna, won)
2008: Golden Lion (Il papà di Giovanna, nominated)[8]
1998: Golden Berlin Bear (Il testimone dello sposo, nominated)[9]
Brussels International Festival of Fantasy Film
1998: Silver Raven (L'arcano incantatore, won)
Fantafestival
1985: Special Award 'FantaItaly' (won)
Fantasporto
1983: International Film Festival Award (La casa dalle finestre che ridono, nominated)
Istanbul International Film Festival
1986: Special Prize of the Jury (Noi tre, won)
Montreal World Film Festival
2000: Best Screenplay (La via degli angeli, won)
2000: Grand Prix des Amériques (La via degli angeli, won)
Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival
1998: Jury's Choice Award (L'arcano incantatore, won)
Sannio Film Fest – Capitelli d'oro
2009: Silver Raven (Il papà di Giovanna, nominated)
Valladolid International Film Festival[10]
1979: Golden Spike (Le strelle nel fosso, won)
Lamberto Bava
^ a b "Presidenza della Repubblica Italiana - Conferimento Onorificenze". Retrieved 3 February 2011.
^ Poppi, Roberto (2002). I registi: dal 1930 ai giorni nostri (in Italian). Gremese Editore. ISBN 88-8440-171-2.
^ a b Isola, Simone (2002). Pupi Avati: il nascondiglio dei generi (in Italian). Sovera Edizioni. ISBN 88-8124-723-2.
^ a b Strada, Riccardo (2005). Il buio oltre lo schermo: gli archetipi del cinema di paura. Zephyro Edizioni srl. ISBN 88-8389-022-1.
^ Avati, Pupi (2008). Sotto le stelle di un film. Il margine. ISBN 88-6089-034-9.
^ a b "Festival de Cannes - From 11 to 22 may 2011". Retrieved 4 February 2011.
^ a b c d e "Accademia del Cinema Italiano - Premi David di Donatello". Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
^ Davies, Rebecca (29 July 2008). "Venice Film Festival 2008 line-up - Telegraph". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
^ "Berlinale: 1998 Programme". berlinale.de. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
^ "Valladolid International Film Festival - Archive". Archived from the original on 1 January 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
Pupi Avati on IMDb
Interviewed by Inside Film Magazine's Phillip Cenere
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pupi_Avati&oldid=1001542015"
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The Open Dialogue Foundationpolitical prisoners
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This morning, 4 July 2020, Iskander Yerimbetov, Kazakhstani political prisoner released on 30 December of last year, arrived at the Geneva Airport, Switzerland, after he was granted a humanitarian visa. ODF, the Italian Federation for Human Rights (FIDU) and his family warmly welcomed him at the airport, congratulating Iskander for this long-awaited day. This is […]
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Combat Knives (Foreign Combat Knives) Part of 2
I would like to start the review of the most interesting foreign knives of the past with a triangular combat knife, which had a purely practical value in medieval Germany - to break the links of a knight's chain mail, armored. Such a dagger was called the German word "panzerbreher" and was most often used to finish the defeated enemy.
The legendary dagger misericorde (misericord or misicordy) served in the same “noble” purpose in France, which means “dagger of mercy”. Unlike the panzerbrehzer, the mezericordia did not pierce the chain mail, but with a thin and narrow blade they slaughtered a knight who was lying on the ground and was unable to stand up on his own, pushing the blade into the cracks between the plates of the plate armor. Other daggers were also spread - Swiss bassellard, Spanish rondel, Italian stiletto and dagger with special teeth to grip the blade of the sword.
In the era of chivalry, a thin and durable dagger was an essential attribute of a knight. If in armor - in the battle of the defeated to finish, if without them - to fight off from the enemies in a close room, where the sword does not turn around. By the way, a short combat knife of a tanto or a sword a little longer than a tanto-wakizashi served the same purposes in medieval Japan.
However, with the advent and spread of firearms weapons the knights had to abandon the useless heavy armor. The need for “daggers of mercy” also disappeared automatically. They were replaced by light daggers for the left hand - dagi, which were very popular in the era of the Musketeers. They could not only strike an unexpected blow or take the enemy's sword aside, but sometimes break a blade that fell into a special trap on the guard. There were even special Dagi with three blades - a kind of fork, into which the fencing masters seized the blades of the swords of their opponents.
In the 17th century, in the Western European armies, swords were gradually replaced by a more functional weapon — a saber or a heavier sword — a broadsword. And Dagh loses his luxurious guard, gradually turning into a combat knife, the “last chance weapon” of the private and the officer, after the saber is broken and all the cartridges are shot. And also as an instrument of everyday soldier’s life, necessary both in the march and in the halt.
In this article we will not consider in detail history and the evolution of combat knives from around the world, such a work would take many volumes. Here we will focus only on the most interesting combat knives of some countries - moreover interesting not only to the collector, but also to the simple reader who first touched the topic this article is devoted to.
Perhaps the most famous and legendary type of American knife, leading its history since the days of the Wild West. Designed in the 30 of the 19th century by planter Reason Bowie, the knife became popular thanks to Reison's younger brother, James. Being by nature a desperate adventurer, James Bowie sent to the next world with a knife bearing his name, a lot of both white competitors and redskins. Due to this, he was promoted to colonel of the Texas militia and glorified his brother’s knife all over America.
A knife with a large blade, resembling a sword, served as a help to the American armed forces in the age of dulnozharynyh guns and pistols, requiring a lot of time to reload after a shot. During the American Civil War 1861 – 1865 "Bowie knife" was considered one of the main types of personal weapons. Subsequently, with the advent of multiply-charged firearms, the enormous “Bowie knife” loses its relevance, however, thanks to the novels, and subsequently the films, it does not lose its legend. The successful form of this knife to this day is embodied in the reduced descendants of the famous ancestor - many American combat and tactical knives. For example, in the famous knife "Ka-Bar", which will be discussed below.
USMark I Trench Knife
Since World War I, it has become necessary to supply combatants with melee weapons. The bayonets at that time did not allow fighting for a short distance due to the large geometrical dimensions.
At this time, there are so-called trench knives, performing the role of melee weapons melee. Then the mass distribution among the US military received a hybrid of brass knuckles and a dagger, the so-called Knuckle Knife.
The photo shows a regular dough-knuckles the US Army 1918 of the year USMark I Trench Knife.
This is quite a versatile weapon that allows you to combine strikes with a metal part of the handle, reinforced with conical projections with stabbing wounds to the enemy. The tip of the handle ends with a conical top, also capable of causing serious injuries.
The Ka-Bar knife is an American classic combat knife with a bowie blade. United States Marine Corps (USMC), United States Marine Corps during the Second World War. First produced by Union Cutlery, then the knife was produced by such famous manufacturers as Case, Camillus and Ontario. The Ka-Bar blade is made of carbon steel and, to avoid corrosion, is predominantly black coated. Handle typesetting, leather, brown. The shank is a steel head, the purpose of which, like many combat knives, double - "brass knuckles." The sheath is traditionally made of brown leather embossed with USMC and the coat of arms of the US Marine Corps.
The combat knife of the American special forces First Special Services Forse (FSSF) during the Second World War. A joint US-Canadian FSSF squad was created in 1942 for special operations and equipped with a new V-42 Stilletto combat knife from Case Cutlery, the concept of which belongs to FSSF commander Lieutenant Colonel Robert T. Frederic, melee instructor Dermotu O'Neill and Colonel Orval J. Baldwin.
In some ways, “V42” is a reinterpretation of “FS,” a British commando dagger. The dagger handle instead of cast bronze or brass is made of leather, which increased the reliability of the grip. From the inside of the guard, a large skin plate was placed, which reduced the painful sensations of the wearer during the injection. The bare base of the blade allowed to throw a finger over the guard and pull out the knife stuck in the opponent's bones. To increase the impact of a thrusting strike on the unzipped part of the blade (ricasso), a “thumb imprint” with transverse notches was made, on which the thumb pad is placed at the direct grip of the knife. Such a grip with a horizontal blade is preferable when pricking between the ribs and should provide for dissection of a greater number of blood vessels. On the back of the handle is a "skull crush" - a metal cone for applying crushing blows to the opponent's head and joints.
Currently, the image of the legendary combat knife is included in the SOCOM (Special Operations Command) emblem; the special operations command of the US military; American special forces, the famous "green berets", the Canadian special forces JTF (Joint Task Forse 2). Also, the V42 image was part of the emblem of the famous "Delta" squadron (Operational Detachment Delta), who fought in Vietnam.
Camillus Jet Pilots' Survival Knife
Camillus Cutlery Company is one of the oldest American firms that has been manufacturing knives for the military since the First World War. Unfortunately, for several years as a company went bankrupt, all its property, including equipment and trademarks, was auctioned off. So there remains the hope for the resumption of production in another place, by other people, but under the same trademark.
"Camillus Jet Pilots' Survival Knife" - US military pilots combat knife from 1957 year. It is ideal both when placed on a belt, and on the pilot's unloading and life jacket. Due to the special design of the scabbard, it is possible to wear both in a normal and upside-down position. "Bolt" - a counterweight on the top of the handle allows you to apply crushing blows to the opponent's head and joints, as well as use the handle as a hammer. Wonderful survival knife in the case of landing a pilot in an unfamiliar area, repeatedly tested in extreme situations by USAF pilots (United States Air Force, USAF).
ASEK Survival Knife System (Ontario)
With all the positive properties of the previous model of survival knife for military pilots (Camillus Jet Pilots' Survival Knife), it had a number of drawbacks due to the fact that the level of its production technology corresponded to 50-th years of the last century.
Problems such as low corrosion resistance of the blade, leather on the handle and sheath, prone to deformation, ineffective (for new materials) saw on the butt, did not allow to successfully apply this knife in modern conditions.
In 2003, the new knife, called ASEK Survival Knife System, produced by Ontario, was put into service. This is not even a knife, but rather a set of tools that provide an opportunity to leave the plane after the crash and survive in any conditions.
The knife has a saw on the butt, allowing you to successfully cope with both aviation aluminum and wood. The blade sharpening is half serrated. At the end of the handle is a massive top that can be used as a hammer. In addition, the top has a conical protrusion for easier breaking glass and plastic. In addition, the sheath has a special tool for cutting belts and a small diamond bar for straightening the blade in the field.
There are holes on the garda, with which you can tie a stick using a knife as the tip of a spear.
ASEK Survival Knife System is mounted on the elements of equipment or on the pilot's shin.
M7 Bayonet
The American M7 bayonet was developed in 1964 for the M16 rifle. He became one of the latest examples of bayonet knives, primarily weapons, a means to defeat the enemy, and not a multipurpose tool.
A whole series of American bayone-knives of the Second World War and post-war times, such as, for example, M4 (for M1 carbine), M5 (for M1 Garand rifle, M6 (for M14 rifle) and M7 described here, has one common the progenitor is the M3 Trench Knife combat knife, widely used by the American army since the beginning of the 1940-s and produced by many companies both in the US and in other countries. All the bayonet knives listed above inherited the blade from the M3, differing in fact only by the handles and attachment points to the weapon.
An interesting fact is that the geometry of the M3 blade makes it possible to regard it as an ancestor of the knife, commissioned by the German Luftwaffe, which in turn is only one of the many variants of trench knives that appeared in the trenches of the First World War. Such borrowings are not uncommon in the weapons field, because during the war, efficiency, not originality, is paramount. And a successful sample that has proven its effectiveness can live a long life, embodied in a multitude of copies and imitations, often on opposite sides of the front.
As mentioned above, the M7 is a fairly traditional design. At first glance it is clear that his dagger blade with a length of more than 170 mm is intended for stabbing blows. This contributes to the symmetrical profile of the blade with a one-and-a-half sharpening. At the butt there is a sharpened area, reaching almost half the blade length. This factor significantly increases the penetrating ability of the bayonet both in the user's hand and in the position attached to the rifle.
The developed guard has a ring in the upper part, designed to be mounted on the weapon barrel, and in its rear part there is a massive metal part with spring-loaded elements fixing the bayonet on a special tide in front of the rifle's forearm. In addition to fulfilling its main function, the butt plate can be used for striking - both as an ersatz hammer and in a melee, as the successful arrangement of the latch components does not allow them to be damaged by a blow.
The handle of the bayonet-knife is assembled from two plastic halves, fixed on the shank with the help of two screws. These pads have a deep notch, thanks to which a reliable and comfortable retention of the bayonet in your hand is ensured.
The sheaths used with the M7 bayonet, is a standard sample used with all bayonet knives of the series, and the M3 including. This interchangeability is caused by the identity of the blades of these samples. The sheath is made of rigid plastic of green color, equipped with a metal mouth and a flat spring that securely holds the blade of the bayonet inside. There are two variants of such scabbards, differing in suspension. The M8 scabbard has only a conventional loop for attaching to any belt, while the M8А1 has a suspension hook equipped with a wire hook for a pistol strap - a standard element of the uniform of the US Army. In recent years, the US Army has adopted a new type of scabbard for the bayonet described - МХNUMX. These sheaths are black, they are noticeably narrower than the M10, and they are easily recognizable by the expansion at the mouth. The suspension of the sheath М8 is made of cordura, it is similar in design to the suspension М10А8 and is also designed for mounting on a pistol belt.
After 20 years after the start of the release, the M7 ceased to be the main bayonet of the US Army. In its place came M9, which is described below. However, the M7 is still produced in several countries, including the United States, and is on the supply of their armies. On the basis of the M7, the Ontario Knife Company has created its modern version with a spindle-shaped handle and a blade made of carbon steel 1095.
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Ontario M9
This is a bayonet, whose appearance has already become canonical in the world of combat knives. Ontario M9 was born quite late - in 1984 year. It was developed by Qual-A-Tec owner, Charles "Mickey" Finn (1938 – 2007), who previously had a hand in developing such a bright knife as the Buck 184 Buckmaster. According to the results of state tests, this bayonet became the best among other applicants and was adopted under the designation МХNUMX, partially replacing the previous main bayonet of the American army - М9, produced from 7 of the year.
The M9 was produced by several companies, the first of which was Phrobis (also founded by Finn), then it was replaced by manufacturers such as Buck, LanCay and Ontario. At the moment, over four hundred thousand M9 bayonet knives have been produced, and these are only official deliveries. The number of commercial versions, copies and "spiritual heirs" of this knife, produced by a variety of companies from Smith & Wesson to nameless Chinese manufacturers, cannot be counted.
The basic motive of the design of this knife was the desire to get a bayonet, more a tool than a weapon. The time of the bayonet attacks irrevocably passed, and to replace the predatory elongated M7 came a thicker and longer M9. This is a massive knife, a rough and absolutely “unkillable” universal tool that allows not only cutting - surprisingly well, considering the blade thickness and low descents - but also to chop, prick, open boxes and zinc with ammunition, to bite barbed wire, including and live, and produce a variety of other types of work.
The shape of the blade M9 kind of reminds Buckmaster. This is not a dagger blade of M7 and earlier bayonet knives of the USA, but a clip-point, sometimes called a “bowie”. Finn only slightly adapted the unduly “cinematic” appearance of his previous creation for practical use. A saw with excessively large teeth and a serrator were also removed from the butt. They were replaced by a section with a metal saw, similar to those used in the survival knives of American pilots.
Garda and butt plate became standard for American bayonet knives. They are completely identical to the similar elements on the M7. The ring in the upper part of the guard serves to mount a rifle on the flame arrester, and in the design of the back plate there is a spring-loaded fixation unit on a special tide under the rifle barrel. The bayonet fits all versions of the M16 rifle, the M4 carbine, a number of smooth-bore guns used by the US Army, as well as many commercial models of small arms offered on the international market. Thick blade shank passes through the entire handle to the buttplate, where a nut is screwed on it, tightening the entire structure.
The handle of the bayonet is a spindle-shaped, traditional for American combat knives. Both the sheath and the sheath of the M9 are molded from heavy plastic resembling bakelite.
On the sheath there is a metal pommel with a protrusion playing the role of a flat screwdriver with a peg, for which you can hook a hole in the M9 blade, turning the bayonet with a sheath into barbed wire cutters. This feature was spied on by Soviet bayonet knives, but in this case it was slightly modified - the suspension design allows you to detach the sheath for ease of operation with nippers and attach them back in seconds.
The M9 bayonet is still in production. In 1998, on the basis of it, the M11 knife was created for sapper units, differing in bundling, and most importantly, in the absence of the possibility of attachment to arms. Subsequent developments, such as the OKC-3S bayonet, adopted by the US Marine Corps, also traced the family traits of the M9.
Ontario Mk.3 Mod.0 Navy Seal Knife
In the US Armed Forces, as in any other troops around the world, there is an unspoken rivalry between various military departments. It is expressed even in the designation of weapons and equipment adopted by one agency or another. The designation of "land" weapons and equipment always contains the letter M - model, and sailors, including the US Marine Corps, as well as various special forces (for example, US SOCOM - Command of the Special Operations Forces) designate their samples with a two-story code "Mk, Mod. " Seeing such a designation, one can always assume that this item is related to the fleet, USMC (US Marine Corps) or US SOCOM.
All this applies to this knife. Even its manufacturer, the company Ontario Knife Co, especially notes on its own website that this knife is used exclusively in the fleet.
The Mk.3 blade is more similar in shape and design to AK bayonets than to its immediate predecessors, USN Mk.1 and USN Mk.2 Ka-Bar, the previous two models of American naval knives used during the Second World War. But with similar sizes with the above-described 6x3 and 6x4 bayonets and the blade form is almost identical with them, Mk.3 has even a butt cutter, “pike”, which, together with the sharp predatory tip of the blade, gives the knife the highest efficiency of the punch. And we must bear in mind that such a sharp and thin tip requires careful handling - it would be somewhat rash to open the cans with a knife.
There is a saw on the butt of the knife, similar to the saws on the M9 or AK bayonet knives, but with noticeably larger teeth than on the Soviet counterparts. The Garda Mk.3 is straight, equilateral, designed mainly for glove work, as its facets are easy to put your hand on when doing strength work. Plastic handle, of the two halves, fastened together by a screw. The notch on the handle is aggressive, which prevents the knife from slipping out of the hand when working in extreme conditions. The same purpose is served by a lanyard, passed through a hole in the end of the handle. The handle ends with a flat massive butt plate, capable of performing the function of a hammer and a skull crusher, the "skull crusher."
Mk.3 plastic sheath, with a strong flat spring, perfectly fixing the blade and not allowing the knife to fall out of the scabbard, even in an inverted position with strong shaking. The suspension of the scabbard is made of Cordura, it has a strap fixing the knife handle and a bent wire fastener designed for mounting on a pistol strap - a standard ammunition of the American army.
As a result, on the basis of a set of characteristics, it can be said that the Mk.3 is a competent and reliable knife that can serve the user both as a tool and as a weapon.
Ontario SP15 LSA
This representative of the SP series along with the aforementioned SP3 can be considered the successor of the famous battle daggers from the Second World War period Fairbairn-Sykes and V-42. The abbreviation LSA means Land, Sea, Air, which can be a little loosely translated as "on the ground, on the water and in the air." This name, according to the manufacturer, should speak about the universality of this knife and the breadth of its application. Unlike its predecessor, the dagger SP3, SP15 is officially purchased by the American army, it is assigned the number NSN. This allows us to consider the differences between the two daggers as a change in the design of SP3 in favor of the government customer and gives an idea of the requirements of the military.
The SP15 blade is flatter and more cut-oriented than the SP3 dagger blade borrowed from the M7 bayonet. It is not symmetrical to provide higher descents on the cutting side of the blade. From the butt side, there is a large serrator on the blade, occupying more than half of the blade. A false edge on the butt in the basic version is not sharpened, but its reduction completely allows to do this by increasing the effectiveness of the thrust.
The SP15 handle with a two-sided symmetrical guard is borrowed from SP3 with one major difference. The cone-shaped skull crusher, the “skull crusher,” which follows the shape of a similar piece on the legendary V-42, has been replaced with a flat top. Less effective in hand-to-hand combat, it is much more useful because of the possibility of its use as a hammer. This small detail once again shows that in the modern army the knife is primarily a tool, not a weapon.
SP15 sheath is similar to the sheath of other knives of this series. They are made of two parts - the base of thick leather, the upper half of Cordura. At the bottom of the scabbard is a cord for fixing on the leg, the suspension is classic, vertical, made of leather. On the sheath there are two safety straps on the buttons, one of which fixes the knife for the guard, and the second for the handle in the back of the bar, providing a more tight fit of the handle to the body in the stowed position and not allowing it to cling to branches and objects during active movements in conditions.
Scuba / Demo
Scuba / Demo is not only one of the rarest American Special Forces knives, but also one of the rarest military knives ever. In fact, today there is only one original knife. Initially, 39 knives were made, and 38 of them were sent to Armenian special forces on the coast of North Vietnam. 36 of them were lost during military operations, no one else saw the remaining knives. SOG UBA / Demo completely recreates the unique character of the rarest knife of all time.
Another batch of these knives was released only once, on the 20 anniversary of the knife manufacturer SOG, the name of which, in fact, comes from that very legendary knife SOG (Special Operations Group, special operations group) released for United States Marine Corps (USMC), United States Marine Corps. Currently, SCUBA / Demo is no longer produced.
Fairbairn-Sykes Fighting Knife (FS)
The dagger of the British commandos, traditionally in service with the royal marine commandos in our day. Created in 30-ies of the twentieth century by former police officers, British instructors of commandos on shooting and close combat with and without weapons by captain William Ewart Fairbairn and Eric Anthony Sykes, who acquired their experience of real hand-to-hand fighting on the streets of Shanghai - South Kite weaver weaver weaver weaver weaver weaver, each of them. the former colony of the british empire.
The basis for the twelve-inch blade served as written off bayonets from Metford rifles, spindle-shaped handle was copied from the handle of the rapier. The handles of the first daggers were wooden with brass knobs, allowing them to deliver crushing blows. The scabbard covered wearing the dagger with the grip both up and down. In November 1940, Fairbairn and Sykes began their collaboration with Wilkinson Sword, which resulted in the launch of the dagger, named after its creators, Fairbairn-Sykes (FS), in January 1941. Based on this dagger, many other combat knives appeared, including V-42, Marine Raider Stitiletto, and others.
So far, “FS” is a symbol of commandos — marines and special airborne troops in the UK armed forces.
OSS AF First design
In 1942, Colonel Rex Applegate developed the first version of the new combat knife, which was named OSS AF and was a kind of intermediate link between the FS and AF combat knives. More than half a century has passed, and the company Boker has attracted the famous manufacturer of knives Hiro from the Japanese city of Seki to recreate the famous knife, of which very little remains in the original. Boker has released only 600 of such knives, which are currently rare collection items, one of which is shown in the photo.
The OSS AF blade is wide, shaped closer to the AF knife, made of stainless steel. The handle is spindle-shaped, made of leather, shaped like an FS knife, but more voluminous. Garda and pommel made of polished brass.
Later, changes were made to this design, as a result of which the well-known AF combat knife appeared.
Boker Applegate-Fairbairn Fighting Knife (AF)
The combat use of the legendary dagger by the British commando FS during World War II revealed a number of flaws that subsequently co-founder of the FS William Ewart Fairbairn and Colonel Rex Applegate decided to eliminate, creating a more modern option combat knife. Too long FS blade was shortened to 15, see. Too thin and easily breaking off point at the new knife has become more massive. The round-shaped handle that rolled in the hand became flatter and more comfortable. If during the Second World FS, it was sometimes necessary to make out retired bayonets, then for the new knife they began to use stainless steel 44 ° C, one of the best knife steels, which is well sharpened and keeps grinding for a long time. Thus, due to the rich practical experience of its creators, the Appleggate Fairbairn dagger became one of the most famous and popular combat knives in the world. Currently, in the form of a modification with a black blade and a black guard, it is in service with the GSG 9 (Grenzschutzgruppe German - “Border Guard Group”), the anti-terrorist unit of the special forces of the Federal Police of Germany.
Boker smatchet
The next knife after FS created by Fairbairn was the so-called Smatchet, a chopping knife with a wide leaf-like blade, which could be used both as a weapon and as a tool. A similar knife was put into service OSS, the secret American Bureau of Strategic Services (Office for Strategic Services, OSS).
The model shown in the photo is the brainchild of Colonel Rex Applegate (Rex Applegate), one of the authors of the famous AF knife, who put a lot of strength in promoting it to the market. As a result, the company Boker released a pilot batch of 2200 knives with a handle made of micarta, after the commercial success of which began to produce Boker Smatchet with a plastic handle.
Boker Titanium dive knife
This diving knife was designed by famous designer Dietmar Pohl and German champion diver Jens Ho: ner. After testing several prototypes of steel and titanium, the final goal was reached - the optimal scuba diving knife.
Boker Titanium dive knife comes in several versions - with a simple double-edged sharpening, with a truncated tip, and also with a blade equipped with a double serreytor, which is convenient to cut the ropes, nets and breathing hoses of the enemy divers. This is a compact and lightweight knife with a large handle, the sheath of which is made of kaydeksa and optimized for attachment to the forearm or to the diver's leg.
Trench knife
In 1915, Heinrich Boker & Co. from the German "city of blades" Solingen received a government order to design a knife with a thin blade made of high-quality, resilient steel for trench hand-to-hand combat. As a result, the famous trench knife of the First and Second World War appeared, with minor variations produced by several firms and used by German saboteurs and scouts during special operations, as well as in close combat, which, due to the tightness, excludes the use of a rifle with a fastened bayonet
Also from a historical point of view, another version of the German "trench" knife intended for close combat may be of interest. The photo shows a haul knife, which was manufactured during the Second World War by Puma from the city of Solingen. The knife has a thin blade of elastic steel with the mark of the manufacturer. The handle is made of bakelite, the sheath has a clip for attaching to a belt or clothing. Purely a combat knife with no frills, designed for trench hand-to-hand combat, but, in contrast to the HP-40, is not a companion of the Victory weapon, but only a military trophy of the winner.
Bundeswehr kampfmesser
Even bound by numerous restrictions after defeat in World War II, the German army needed a knife. The presence of folding multi-purpose knives in the army was not a solution to the problem - the young Bundeswehr needed a full-size knife that combines the functions of a combat knife and tool.
However, such a knife appeared only in the 1968 year. It was adopted by the army under the designation Kampfmesser - "combat knife" - and was a fairly simple and reliable design, reminiscent of trench knives of world wars.
The blade of the knife has a one-sided sharpening with descents from the middle of the blade, which, with a thickness of 3,5 mm, gives it good cutting properties without sacrificing strength. The steel guard of the knife has a developed one-sided stop, bent in the direction of the handle, which allows you to make considerable efforts to the piercing blow and at the same time reliably protect the hand of the fighter. The shank of the blade is long, runs the entire length of the handle, on it with two screws reinforced two halves of the handle, cast from impact-resistant plastic. Moreover, the rear screw with a through hole, allowing you to pass through it thong or safety cord.
The sheath practically does not differ in construction from the sheath of bayonets of the times of the First and Second World Wars. It is an all-metal construction with a flat spring inside and a peg in the form of a fungus on the outside of the scabbard. A leather hanger clings to the peg with an additional fixing strap at the level of the top screw of the handle.
Eickhorn Kampfmesser 2000
After the adoption of the Kampfmesser combat knife in 1968, the German army and special services could not do exclusively with this model. Thanks to the new German laws, various units were able to purchase equipment and weapons for their needs, which led to the appearance in various power structures of a large variety of knives. These were both knives developed by German companies (Boker, Puma) and foreign ones (Glock, Ontario). Plus, the army successfully used a bayonet-knife for the main rifle of the Bundeswehr H&K G3 produced by the famous arms company Heckler and Koch, a rather successful design with a dagger blade and one-sided sharpening. And after the collapse of the GDR - and options for bayonet-knives for the AK of East German production, inherited from the NVA (Nationale Volksarmee, National People's Army of the GDR).
Many firms developed and offered the Bundeswehr their designs of combat knives, both created independently (for example, the rather successful Eickhorn ACK) and developed on the basis of existing samples. Modifications to the Boker Applegate-Fairbairn knives were proposed, as well as bayonet options for AK and H&K G3 without attachment points to the rifle. All of them, for one reason or another, did not stand the test.
Finally, according to the results of the competition held in 2001, the knife manufactured by Eickhorn-Solingen Ltd. is adopted by the Bundeswehr. under the traditional name Kampfmesser 2000.
Interesting blade of this knife. Many researchers and collectors agree that the “American tanto” form was chosen by the KM2000 designers largely because of its popularity, and not because of real practical advantages. But anyway, this knife was the first of the combat knives adopted by the army (as well as taken to supply NATO troops) with a similar blade shape.
Straight butt, wedge-shaped profile, straight descents with a third of the height of the blade - all this gave the knife a predatory and aggressive look. At the same time KM 2000 fully complies with the requirements of the technical specifications. It cuts perfectly (with corrections, of course, to the properties of the blade material, 440C stainless steel) and cuts well. The weight of the knife is about 300 grams with a blade length in 170 mm. Approximately half of the cutting edge of the KM 2000 has a serrated sharpening, which is not very pronounced, so as not to interfere with normal work, but it allows you to cut the cable or rope in one motion. The thickness of the blade in 5 mm is enough to pry the manhole covers, and if necessary, to hold the body weight of a fighter when used as a support. The shank passing through the entire handle protrudes from its rear part and allows it to be used as a hammer, broken glass or “skull crusher”. However, its flat surface does not interfere with the use of the second hand in situations where additional effort is required.
KM2000 plastic sheaths are equipped with a flat spring that holds the knife inside. On their front side, covered with one of the belts, there is a section of abrasive material with a diamond coating that serves to straighten the cutting edge in field conditions. At the tip of the scabbard there is a hole with a cord threaded into it, which serves for additional fixation on the leg during suspension of the KM2000 on the belt. This variant of the suspension is not the only possible one - there are fasteners on the reverse side of the cordura base of the sheath that allow them to be fixed on any piece of equipment.
La Vengeur 1870
French dagger sample 1916, the name of which translates as "1870 Avenger". Weapons of infantry of the French army during the First World War, created specifically for trench combat.
Since the beginning of the war, it turned out that the long bayonet of the French rifle of the Lebel system was not suitable for close combat. In this connection, the French command in 1916 began to hastily arm the infantry with a new dagger, whose name reflected the aspirations of the French government to win back in the Franco-Prussian 1870 – 1871 war. However, despite the practicality, the dagger was not officially accepted for service and was produced by many private firms, which explains the differences in size, finish and quality of these daggers that have come down to our time.
Mod XSF-1
The knife was designed by a Canadian Forces veteran, a sapper, a diver, a demining instructor and martial arts specialist Brent Beshara. An interesting feature of the knife of the former special forces fighter is both the original form of the double-edged blade and its “chisel” sharpening. The master of hand-to-hand combat, Brent Beshara, created an extremely durable combat knife, designed both to inflict powerful shots, capable of penetrating body armor with a certain strength and skill, and deep cuts to the neck and extremities of the enemy with the tip of a long blade. The design of the scabbard allows you to place the knife in almost any position on the body. Currently, the XSF-1 is manufactured by Masters of Defense (MOD).
Strider SMF Marsoc
Strider SMF Marsoc, a folding knife, was the first 60 years tactical folding knife developed specifically for the First Division of the American Marine Corps SOCOM (Command for Special Operations).
The combat version of this knife, manufactured by Strider Knives from San Marcos, California (San Marcos, California), has a camouflaged 100 mm blade made of high carbon steel knife CPM S30V. The part of the handle on which the frame lock is made is made of titanium, the second half is made of G10 fiberglass.
The latest version of this knife includes the Hinderer Lockbar stabilizer, a mechanism developed by knife-maker Rick Hinderer and licensed for use in Strider. The Lockbar stabilizer is a metal disc designed to prevent the lock plate from bending out. The original knife developed for SOCOM's Marine Corps in the 2003 year does not include this feature, unlike subsequent versions.
Before that, a special knife for the Marine Corps division was already produced in 1942, when the Fairbairn-Sykes (FS) type of hand-to-hand combat was adapted by Lieutenant Colonel Clifford Shui. The knife was produced by Camillus Cutlery Company of Camillus, New York. He received the name "United States Marine Raider Stiletto", or "USMC Stiletto", and was produced for the Marine Corps up to 1944 year. In fact, this knife was a copy of the famous Fairbairn-Sykes combat knife, of which 14 370 units were released.
When the First Squad was created, it was decided not to use the traditional Ka-Bar combat knife for the marines. Instead, the Strider's SMF folding knife was chosen, more compact and comfortable to carry.
The combat version of the Strider SMF Marsoc knife has a stamp on the handle on the date of creation of the First SOCOM Marine Corps (“030620”, or 20 June 2003), as well as the inscription “DET-1”. In addition, the combat version bears the marks of naval raiders (Marine Raiders), an elite unit of the US Marine Corps, created during World War II to conduct amphibious operations.
Glock Feldmesser 78
One of the most famous combat knives of the second half of the twentieth century has so many “parents” and habitats in its pedigree that this would be enough for an adventure novel. It was developed by the old Austrian company Ludwig Zeitler in the second half of the 1970-s as a development of the popular American combat knife of the Second World War - М3 (which in turn is a rethinking of the German Luftwaffe knife), but at a new technological level and using modern materials. Soon the company ceased to exist, and its offspring were never adopted by the Austrian army.
Then came the turn of the Germans. A.Eickhorn GmbH is working on the design and produces a number of commercial knives, which are a further development of the Zeitler 77 knife. Differences from the prototype were in a slightly different form of the blade, more developed guard, which has become two-sided, as well as in a different form of plastic parts - the handle and the sheath. This knife also was not destined for a long history.
Further traces of the knife again lead to his native Austria, to the firm Glock, then engaged in the manufacture of sapper blades, various tools, grenades, etc. - the firm Glock with its pistols became known a little later. And only now the Austrian military finally paid attention to the knife, having adopted a model called the Glock Feldmesser 78 to supply the army.
Feldmesser, which means "field knife", is available in two basic versions. The 1978 model knife of the year is the basic military version, and the 1981 model model of the year differs from it only in the presence of a saw on the butt.
The blade of the clip-point shape length 165 mm and thickness 4 mm is made of carbon steel, which is indicated by the manufacturer as "spring".
Steel is hardened to 55 HRC, which is quite enough for a working knife and makes it much easier to sharpen in the field. To protect against corrosion and prevent unmasking glares, the blade of the knife of both modifications is phosphated, which gives it a matte black color. The garda of the knife is double-sided, its upper ledge is bent towards the blade, forming an opener for ammunition boxes or bottles. This fact is sometimes questioned, but the information is confirmed by the manufacturer.
Another fact that causes questions in the environment of knife lovers is the possibility of the adjoining of the Glock knife as a bayonet to the Austrian rifle Steyr AUG. This option was really considered when developing the knife, and it was for this reason that a cavity was left in the handle, which was mistakenly considered a container for NAP (wearable emergency stock). A special adapter was inserted into this cavity, which served as a fastener for attaching the knife to the rifle. The Austrian army abandoned the project, and the Glock's serially produced knives with a lid for the adapter are closed.
The handle has a convenient shape and dimensions, all this allows you to confidently hold the knife in the glove and bare hand. The center of gravity of the knife is located directly between the blade and the handle, which makes it possible to effectively use the knife with a relatively short blade for cutting. But the structure of the blade and the design of the handle of the knife dictate mainly piercing techniques of knife fighting.
The spindle-shaped handle itself with five corbels is molded from plastic on a shank that enters about half of it. Despite the seeming fragility of this compound, numerous tests of the knife show that the force required to break a knife is hardly possible in real conditions. So, for example, recorded cases of penetration with a knife metal pans. In this case, the knife was not damaged, with the exception of stripped at the tip of the coating.
Plastic sheaths made by injection molding. The latch fixing the knife with a hook for the guard and the hanger is made with a sheath as an element. At the end of the sheath there is a drainage hole and a loop through which a strap can be passed to fix the sheath on the leg.
The sheaths and handles of Glock knives of both modifications can be green (military version), black (commercial and used in some special services), sand-colored (commercial).
Glock knife and its various modifications are widely used in the world as combat knives, which combine the functions of tools and weapons. In addition to the Austrian army, they are in service in a number of European countries. Without becoming the main fighting knife of the Bundeswehr, they are still limitedly used in Germany, for example, the famous anti-terrorist unit GSG9. Also Glock knives are widely represented in the commercial market. Lightweight, comfortable, reliable - it can be said without exaggeration that Glock knives rank among the best combat knives in the world.
Extrema Ratio Fulcrum S
One of the most famous Italian combat knives. Extremely reliable, the blade can withstand a point load up to 150 kg. The form of the Japanese tanto, which has been tested for centuries, implies a long-term use of the knife in extreme conditions without prejudice to its cutting qualities. The center of gravity shifted forward and the considerable weight of the blade provide for the possibility of delivering effective cuts. It was used as standard equipment for the Italian Nibbio units in Afghanistan. It was part of a pilot project of the Alpine Forces headquarters, one of the goals of which was the selection of a multipurpose multipurpose knife for infantry.
The tests of Extrema Ratio Fulcrum proved so successful that Fulcrum Bayonet was created at its base, a bayonet-knife with fastening to a rifle instead of a guard. Which, by the way, on the knife presented in the photo, is cut down by the seller, which automatically translates the staff weapon of the Italian military into the category of household knives.
The Fulcrum S knife shown in the photo is a shortened version of the Fulcrum knife, which has almost the same characteristics, but is slightly lighter.
Extrema Ratio Col Moschin
Col Moschin was officially adopted in 2002 by the Ninth Incursori (Italian Special Forces) regiment. “This model is the quintessence of a knife intended for combat,” said Extrema Ratio, whose designers inspired the asymmetrical blade daggers used by Arditi (IT. Bold), the attack aircraft of the Italian First World War, when creating this knife.
The blade of the combat knife Col Moschin, in contrast to the civil version shown in the photo, is sharpened on both sides, which allows you to apply cuts with a butt while moving the knife back. The anti-glare coating of the blade has a very militant name, Testudo, which means "turtle", a battle line of Roman legionnaires. The blade has the logo of the Ninth Regiment - a parachute, a wing, a torch, crossed gladiuses (Roman swords) and the number "9".
The guards are kept to a minimum so as not to interfere in the melee. The center of gravity of the knife is shifted to the side of the handle, which is designed in such a way that it is possible to measure the impact force and inflict both lethal and controlled light damage.
Extrema Ratio. Praetorian II
A combat knife from the famous Italian company Extrema Ratio. Two variants are available - Praetorian II and Praetorian IIT, which differ in the shape of the blade. The handle of this dagger makes it possible to use with equal success both direct and reverse grip in battle, and it is possible to place the guard between the fingers with partial placement of the palm on the ricasso (unfinished part of the blade). Such a grip turns the knife into a kind of enlarged jawary, one end of which is a sharpened blade, and the other is a skull crasher, a skull crush. The handle is made of foamed polymer, resembling a large pumice stone. In the bare hand, it feels overly aggressive, since the knife involves the use of a hand protected by a glove.
The knife was created as part of the Praetoriana project, during which new types of blades were developed, the knife guard was rounded off, and the handle borrowed from the Tuscania knife was modified to be compatible with the new solid sheath.
An interesting alternative to the Praetorian II is version II T, in which the classical dagger blade is modified and resembles the Roman gladius. This design solution turns the knife into a multipurpose tool that can be used in the most difficult situations without the risk of deterioration of the cutting and piercing properties of the blade.
Extrema Ratio Suppressor Knife
that dagger with an unambiguous description of the manufacturer, contained in the title, Suppressor Knife, the “knife of repression”, was developed for “GIS” (Gruppo Intervento Speciale), a team of elite anti-terrorist special forces of the Italian police.
It is a modern rethinking of V42, the combat knife of the American special forces of the Second World War with a modified guard and from modern materials. In addition to the actual dagger blade, there is a steel skull crasher at the end of the polyamide handle. As in the previous knife, the handle is made of foamed polymer, resembling large pumice. The knife involves the use of a hand protected by a glove.
Tactical sheaths provide for mounting in various positions, including on the leg. Inside there is a hard case with the function of automatically fixing the knife in the sheath. One of the owners of this combat knife gave a brief but succinct description of the Suppressor Knife: “Laconic solution of complicated problems”. More precisely you will not tell.
Chris Reeve Green Berett
Knife maker Chris Reeve Green Berett and Chris Reeve Pacific Bowie was born and raised in South Africa and served in the army as a professional hunter. In 1989, he moved to the USA, where he opened his own knife manufacturing company.
Green Berett was the first model of Chris Reeve's combat knife, which was tested in US special forces. American advertising positions this knife as follows: "The Green Beret knife, like the men for whom it is intended, is effective, cruel and uncompromising."
Currently, Chris Reeve Green Berett is issued to graduates of qualification courses of the American Special Forces (Special Forces Qualification Course). To them, he is known as “The Yarborough”, for the rest it is “The Green Berett Knife” (“The Green Berets Knife”). By the way, Yarborough is the surname of US lieutenant William Yarborough, an officer of the 504 th paratroop battalion, who in 1941 offered a distinctive insignia on the headdress of American special forces: the parachute framed in the wings of an eagle.
Sog Navy Seal 2000
In 2000, this model won the state competition for knives for the reconnaissance and sabotage unit of the US Navy SEAL (Sea Air Land), better known under the nickname “Seals”. Designed on the basis of another popular model of this company, "Bowie". However, it differs in size, materials from which it is made, as well as a number of design features, which are worth telling in detail.
The blade of the knife is made of steel AUS 6, hardness 56 – 58 HRC, processed by deep freezing and covered with a light gray anti-reflective coating. Sharpening one-sided, on the other hand there is a false blade, stretching almost the entire length of the blade. This design significantly increases the piercing properties of the knife. In the root part of the blade there is a serrator, starting immediately from the cheila (the unzipped part of the blade near the guard). The knife is also quite suitable for powerful chopping blows.
The garda is massive, with a smooth transition to the handle, made completely with the handle by injection molding.
The handle is made of craton and covered with notches, for ease of retention, there are subfinger hollows, but not too deep, so their practicality is questionable. The shape of the handle in cross-section, extending in the middle. In general, the shape of the handle contributes to comfortable hold any grip.
The sheath is made of kaydeksa, tightly fix the knife mouth, however, for the insurance there is also an additional safety strap on the button. On the sheath there are holes and grommets, allowing to mount them on the uniform in almost any position. Belt mode of wearing is also provided.
Gerlach M 92
The regular combat knife of the Polish airborne troops, similar to the American M3 Trench Knife or the Austrian Glock Feldmesser. Among the features worth noting is the method of fixing the knife in the sheath and the uncharacterist bend of the guard, which is associated with the technique of using the knife. At the mouth of the scabbard there is a spring tongue that goes into the slot of the guard and fixes the knife. The knife is simple, effective and inexpensive to manufacture.
The oxidized blade with a length of 175 mm, on the ricasso of which is stamped with the crown and the name of the manufacturer Gerlach, the handle is made of hard rubber. The sheath is designed with the ability to mount the knife in any position, including on the leg
Knife Chilean commandos, interesting primarily blade unusual shape. For example, the well-known knife specialist Dietmar Paul believes that a hook-shaped knife originates from a primitive field tool.
Nevertheless, this “primitive tool” is in service with the Chilean special forces and is produced by the official state company “Famae”, which testifies to the functionality of this double-edged knife, tested by time, like, say, a form of Japanese tantто. But it is clear that the fight with such a knife requires special skills.
Although the Chilean special forces have such skills. For example, there is evidence that in the battle for the city of Arica 7 on June 1880, the Chilean warriors in hand-to-hand combat actually killed nearly a thousand Peruvian defenders. That is, the knife has rather rich historical traditions of real combat use. It should be borne in mind that there is a version of an even more ancient origin of this knife - some researchers believe that Korvo was used in the Inca Empire, which included part of the territory of modern Chile.
Translated from the Spanish "Korvo" means "curved." In the literature, the knife is first mentioned in the Spanish heroic poem “La Araucana” by Don Alonso de Hercilia and Zúñiga, published in 1578 year and telling about the conquest of the lands of the Araucans, the indigenous people of Chile, by the Spaniards.
Kukri is a military knife of the Gurkha, Nepalese mountaineer-mercenaries, who from the beginning of the 19th century had been serving in the British forces and participating in all armed conflicts in which Great Britain was involved during this period. It was thanks to the gurkhas who fought both in the First and Second World Wars, and later in Hong Kong, Malaya, Borneo, Cyprus, the Falkland Islands, Kosovo, Bosnia and Afghanistan as part of rifle, parachute, engineering and special units, the kukri became widely known around the world.
There are cases when Nepalese commandos with their kukri cut off the heads of opponents with one blow. Well, it is quite possible that this is not a legend. Feelings of holding kukri in hand are unambiguous - an ax with a very unusual blade, which is convenient to cut branches and branches, and, if necessary, use proper skill as an engineer blade. In short, a universal tool for survival.
Interesting manufacturing technology of the original Nepalese kukri. The knife from the beginning to the end is made by hand. The heavy blade is forged from high carbon steel, the handle is made of buffalo horn.
Sillov Dmitry Olegovich
Knife blade designCombat knives (Russian combat knives) Part 1
builder 19 December 2013 08: 38
Great article. There would be more of these on the site. Respect to the author "categorically plus"
Igor39 19 December 2013 09: 33
I join you.
Walking 19 December 2013 14: 49
Good selection, author +++.
mirag2 20 December 2013 08: 00
Awesome articles, 1st and 2nd.
In addition to the laudatory words, there’s nothing to add, I’ll just say that I read here that Glock’s knife is a great thing, but I saw in YouTube a review (I don’t remember whose) —that man Glock of the German army criticized — the handle is slippery, the handle material is not suitable, hold on to the sheath either it’s not tight to pull out, or vice versa, it falls out (all the same, it’s kind of tight, to his words about a slippery handle), the edge is frankly dull (it assumes that because of THIS it retains its properties).
Vasek 1 January 2014 00: 18
Quote: mirag2
Glock among pistols - like Kalash among machine guns.
I do not think that they can afford mediocre products, even if they are knives.
Anyway, by nature, Austrians are no worse than anyone for quality - remember at least the names Shteir / Manliher, Karakol, etc.
makarov 19 December 2013 09: 16
Respect to the author for the work !! ++++++
hohryakov066 19 December 2013 09: 33
Right encyclopedia! Great article!
505506 19 December 2013 10: 12
I read the comments on yesterday's article, and I remain at my own good article. To the author +. I just remember how 10-15 years ago it was necessary to collect such information bit by bit, and books were (and still are) very expensive. And such, popular, but with a wide coverage, articles are very necessary. But not for you, specialists, but for those who are just starting. Without initial knowledge, interest is not born!
avt 19 December 2013 10: 28
Quote: hohryakov066
Encyclopedia! ?? Galloping across Europe and haphazardly, a couple of knives from the country, is this your encyclopedia!? Look and see how many of the same Germans are officially armed with knives from swimmers and sappers to policemen, that’s why the author didn’t even show the popular German strop cutter, but did Mark Lee really? Here is the last pontoon knife after the Iraqi epic from the USA kitties. Do you think the same gurkhs run with such self-made kukri?
Quote: makarov
Respect to the author for the work!
Forgive me, but I just didn't see any work! Even some kind of special attitude to the topic, it is not even clear which of the knives in the author's favorites. No systematization, no product characteristics, so ,,, Funny pictures. ”The campaign took up the topic and fizzled out on the first part of the article.
SW avt.
You are quick in conclusions.
Before evaluating, I "ran" through the network, I made sure that these are excerpts from his author's book. Yes, and the brow has other drugs. Do it better - I will shake your hand. And you shouldn't just find fault.
Before evaluating, I "ran" through the network, I made sure that these are excerpts from his author's book.
We are discussing a specific article. This is a very real work of the author in two parts in the appropriate format, maybe I have not read, the book is a complete and systematic publication, but here it is not a quotation from the book. Here is an article applying for independent work! Hence, such a reaction. Well, if the author would take an excursion through his book or other works, indicating them, I would understand, yes, a kind of invitation to familiarize yourself. But this is a claim for more, or rather, for execution, well, softly let's say not in the format. By the way, for your emotions, minus didn’t set either for you or the other. I bet only when, in my opinion, there is juggling with facts, or their frank distortion. Articles minus, it seems that it does not affect the rating, but the opinion reflects.
SW avt!
Personally, as a thinking person, I have a sense of respect, and even in my thoughts I haven’t felt anything else .. but the minuses (?), So I relate to them deeply and do not care, and for me it doesn’t matter who and why puts them .. when the teacher systematically puts unfortunate ones and the same row of students, he son of a bitch does not realize that evaluates his own knowledge ...
Vasia kruger 19 December 2013 11: 30
Thank you)))
understudy 19 December 2013 11: 39
Quote: avt
Galloping across Europe and haphazard
"You cannot embrace the immensity!" Kozma Prutkov.
Something like that.
And there is also another saying - "You can do better - do it!"
For me, the Ka-Bar is better for the Marine Corps and I don’t see anything. But this is purely my opinion. There are variations with a saw and partially serreytornoy sharpening. Simple, elegant, comfortable.
kav669 19 December 2013 12: 20
Very informative and interesting. Useful and good article.
andrei555 19 December 2013 13: 09
read with great pleasure
RBXize 19 December 2013 13: 42
I also liked the article. Especially the part where the weapon designation system ("two-story code") was explained. Before that, I have not read this.
Mooh 19 December 2013 13: 45
Obviously, the article is not intended for the pros, but for a wide range of readers. I got acquainted with great interest, learned a lot for myself.
Double major 19 December 2013 14: 05
Ours is better (part one). And we are friends with Syria economically - also blades from Damascus steel can go ...
Arh 19 December 2013 14: 57
I love edged weapons! ! ! )))
nerd.su 19 December 2013 15: 59
After the mention of misecordia, a sharp transition to the stupid reprinting of brochures on knives Interestingly, the site falls for advertising? Or is it charity
alex-cn 19 December 2013 16: 16
A good, solid article, of course, there are no "absolutely all" combat knives, this is impossible, but the author did his best.
marshes 19 December 2013 17: 36
For the article, I express gratitude to the author.
I wanted to read about tourist knives, a long blade up to 120 mm.
kirpich 19 December 2013 17: 37
Now he took his beloved in his hand ...
What else does a peasant need
Massik 19 December 2013 20: 27
Such a detailed review of American knives is strange, but there are no German SA daggers and Hitler youth knives although they are much more famous.
Why are they so famous? Only by their belonging, as a weapon, they are not very. I own such a dagger, "an echo of war," so to speak.
as a weapon they are not very
Well, they said "not very", all edged weapons, while there are cartridges "not very". The familiar soldier still drags the "echo of war" into the mountains and has never even complained of a knife like a knife, no worse no better than others.
The best knife in battle is a machine gun and a lot of rounds. And why carry an SS dagger with you to the mountains? Why in the mountains? There are better and more functional modern designs.
Kir 19 December 2013 21: 18
Author and where are the knives from the MOD? Yes, and Puma has interesting options, with regards to Italians, and where are their army depots, as well as diving options. If according to Chekhov about brevity, then it is, but here it degenerated into a bare list, so ........
Silent 19 December 2013 22: 59
Great article about great knives. Many of these designs have commercial success, which is a great example of the fact that the laws of the CIS countries hinder the development of our weapons. Instead of constantly banning something, it would be better if we thought that arms manufacturers also needed to somehow make money.
Excuse me. Have you seen the combat knives of the Swedes and Finns? I advise you to look like this as a familiarization. And then look at the United States from diversity replete. and as there was no knife culture, so No, so that no one would be sick for advertising purposes. and about legislation, it’s better to let the experts in this area say, by the way, take a look at the same classic knife from Ka-Bar that others don’t have a uniform? The only progress is technology and materials, and they are not taking leaps and bounds, so .....
Asan Ata 20 December 2013 00: 00
Like any man, I trudge from weapons, especially cutting ones. Therefore, thanks for the topic, I saw, practically felt, a lot of nice blades. In the early 70s I had a knife "Okapi", folding with a lock. They said that the German from the African campaign of the 40s. Who has heard of him? Very convenient, the blade was half hidden in a metal handle, the retainer was with a metal ring.
Visit the resources where either the reenactors gather or since some of them call themselves nifomaniacs, there is a more extreme approach - these are ultra-right-wing sites, they are fanatic of those, and especially of the rarity of the equipment of the soldiers of the Desert Fox-Romel, by the way knives with a special stigma.
foreman 20 December 2013 00: 19
For me two of them all. The main Boker knife. - the second long (light, comfortable and functional to madness). And "Auxiliary!" Is the exstrema ratio (this is just without a peak).
1goose3 20 December 2013 00: 21
I don’t understand absolutely in knives. By purpose, they are practically the same. Gadgets for 80 percent repeat the Russian combined-arms bayonet-knife. In my opinion, the view of the amateur, the article is of course informational, but about nothing.
MahsusNazar 20 December 2013 00: 45
Good selection. But only GSG 9 is German special forces
JackTheRipper 20 December 2013 07: 37
"Each thing has its specific purpose. Some knives are for cutting paper, with the second we cut vegetables, the third - meat. The knife Jagdkommando also has its immediate narrow mission, it was created specifically to kill people."
"The only drawback is the price just over 900 euros ..."
You will probably be surprised, but somewhere advertised as a hunting knife, even indicating the price of the model, either made of steel or aluminum-titanium alloy, but this is nothing, but something that is clearly barbaric with an element of "gas injection" supposedly for protection from sharks, offered as a knife for divers, this is already ........
By the way, I already asked about "your" in the comments on the article about bayonets.
to kill people
the knife should be quickly snatched, while you twist the thread in your head, they will break it along the ribs and free arm. I’m just hammering a mumps with a knife, even if the price is 300 rubles for several different Bulgarian circles, annealing day, 8 hours of work and does not fail Well it is necessary to clean it, it rusts dirty and wet (spring from UAZ), not from "advanced" materials. But the heart pierces at a time and has not yet noticed any complaints)
I think that Amer appeared on sale after the army fiasco, or some designers managed to, because there are examples when x .... they were embodied in science fiction in metal.
I cannot understand the appropriateness of this trihedral, twisted horror screw. When stabbing due to a helical blade, the handle will tend to turn in the hand, as when trying to get it back. Lacerations ??? So we are faced with the task of quickly damaging something important, and not tearing out pieces of meat in the body, an ordinary piece of a bayonet with an end wrapped with electrical tape is much more effective than this ahem, ahem.
So I’m talking about the same thing and didn’t go, but the blades are already there, and even more so, maybe someone got a patent for it, and they’re sucking up under the guise of something there ......, by the way, he’ll become such a fortune is no stranger.
lexx2038 21 December 2013 14: 04
Here are the knives "A la" stilettos do not look so elegant, and you can prick and cut a sausage.
Well, cut with a stylet, what angle of sharpening do they have? The stylet weapon is forgiven for little functionality, well, if only the seritor has something more or less worthwhile, and so ....., by the way, there was a long time ago a TV broadcast with the participation of Skrylyov, although I know that there is more PR around him than he does deserved, But by the Fact, he correctly said that with modern equipment unloading, a bronik, the fate of a stylet, it is only quiet to remove someone, but for a full knife fight does not roll, well, unless the enemy is a complete zero.
But what with a perverse corkscrew you can do, I can’t even guess. It’s easier already with a sharpened piece of reinforcement ...
Song Hu Chan 21 December 2013 14: 28
The article is excellent, but where are the domestic knives?
Quote: Kir
Well, if the stylet in its pure form, then I agree, and in the pictures, then the knives are double-edged with a narrow blade, some with a razor sharpening, that's what I mean. Of course you can’t cut the wire or the jungle, but beautiful damn it like a sting
I suspect that you do not mean a razor-sharp one, but like on Extrem, like Caucasian daggers, by the way, Kizlyar has many remarks from the Extremovs, by the way, this is a very interesting article
www.xliby.ru/sport/boevye_nozhi/p5.php#metkadoc55
And it seems to me that either the author is the same or the one who wrote for the site from here took it.
It is a pity that there is no separate XO topic here. Here, no matter what, the subject of XO pops up, and immediately begins with measuring "pussy". ... "MAYA MACHETE COOLER THAN YOUR BOWIE"
People, is it really not clear that every knife is made for DEFINITELY functions.
You go into the jungle - take the machete. You go to the taiga - take an ax ... and so on.
Well, here you’ll forgive me, the same Austrians made an army heavy knife with the parameters of the blade (the width was not indicated but at a vantage point of 50-60mm) 7x250mm with a bowie-type blade, so it was positioned so that it can be cut through the shrub!
But with regards to why the topic of XO as a separate one does not exist, but actually with what frequency of the article will they be updated there? Or then do as on some specialized resources indicating where to buy, how to care, or even how to make and so on.
Oh, I didn’t talk about heavy army knives.
I said SPECIFICALLY that EVERY knife has its own function.
So it’s based on some Bowie model, that’s what it’s about, so comparing a bowie with a machete is akin to comparing a universal chef with a loin knife.
Well, well, let's compare the "Soviet officer (semi-legal)", with the Swiss officer (in service). Which one will you vote for? I am in favor of our (semi-legal) one, because it is more functional (although there are fewer bells and whistles in it)
By the way, an officer’s movie doesn’t have a retainer, and a soldier’s or whatever the Swiss call it a retainer, it’s multi-way and so it’s clear that the more frills the worse, but as a weighted design it’s probably a Werewolf, only steel would be X12mf, instead of 65G (so it seems to indicate). Yes, I also remembered a little book coming out (from the size, and not by the content), as some of the specialists wrote it, so he stated in black and white that the best were with an invoice or wrapped. Yes, and the ratio for the blade thickness to length in optimum is 1x28, even better 1x25 (Punisher 6x150mm), ideally the blade + hilt (take 5mm) on average 250-260mm, sharpening a double wedge and hardness of 55-59HRC.
And if the finished one wouldn’t refuse, Oleg Samsonov’s knife would.
By the way, there are models that are not bad in configuration from Spanish firms (AITOR, NIETO), there is a shift of the center of gravity towards the blade, and the shape is reasonable.
And what does your photo have to do with Chinese consumer goods? It seems that the conversation was about "officer" knives ... Here about these - http://www.melitak.ru/oficerskii.html
or such - http://www.red-dracon.ru/catalog/furniture/nozhi_noks_skladnye/nozh_ofitserskiy/
You are mistaken that this is the native Nieto, there is something similar to the other Spanish AITOR, you just didn’t catch my eye with a black guard and green polyamide handles - an army series, but the one that you showed I know, but the steel there is not clear which not only by brand but also in quality, a typical case with NOX products, by the way, and buying it is not a problem, at a price of about 2800 rubles. In general, if you take the warehouse, then take Zlatoust now seems to be discontinued Kruger, though the bastard glare.
Leader 2 January 2014 23: 54
An article for kids. Correctly described avt: "Gallop across Europe".
Half of the illustrations are so-called. "combat knives" - a dumb commerce for knight fans; the same level of text ...
μs 26 February 2014 10: 42
article, in my opinion, for the curious.
SAFON 1 17 March 2014 08: 58
Kukri belongs to hozbyt, as does the machete and daddy shashkin! He became a combatant in an ovskoy advertisement. It does not apply to XO.
Dmitry Toderes 5 May 2014 14: 53
American knives are in no way inferior to Russian knives. The Chinese stand alone - do not buy their knives for anything - they have the worst. The photo shows: it was not the handle that broke, but the blade made of Chinese steel - they probably screwed it up with heat treatment.
Of foreign knives, Japanese throwing knives - shurikens (single-blade) are most liked. The rest of the knives are not so different from the Russians.
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Fifty people injured as metro train car derails in Moscow metro
Other News 15 July 2014 11:53 (UTC+04:00)
Three people may have been killed and dozens injured as several subway cars derailed on the Moscow Metro on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya dark blue Metro line on Tuesday morning, RT reported.
"According to preliminary reports, the fourth subway train car derailed 200 meters away from Slavyansky Bulvar Metro station," a source in Moscow law enforcement agencies told ITAR-TASS.
A law enforcement official later told ITAR-TASS that not one, but three train cars had derailed, "but not overturned." The same source said 50 people could have been injured.
About 20 people remain trapped in one of the train carriages, according to RIA Novosti, citing a source with the Moscow Police.
Attempts are being made to try and evacuate the stricken passangers, who are stuck in a tunnel between Park Pobedy and Slavyansky Bulvar stations, in the west of Moscow.
There are some seriously injured people, according to preliminary reports. Doctors and rescue workers have deployed stretchers down the tunnel for their evacuation.
News of the derailment was preceded by reports of smoke detected on the dark blue line of the Moscow Metro. Later, Moscow's emergencies agency denied reports of smoke and said a sudden failure in the electricity supply to a conductor rail could have caused the accident.
derailment
Azerbaijan - one of most secured countries in CIS with int'l reserves - Gazprombank
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Azerbaijani President congratulates Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Politics 22 June 2011 20:20 (UTC+04:00)
The President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev has sent a congratulatory letter to the Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg on his country's national holiday, the Azerbaijani President's official website reported.
"I cordially congratulate You and Your people on the national holiday - Birthday of the Grand Duke. I hope that today's Azerbaijan-Luxembourg relations, friendship and partnerships will continue to develop and expand," the letter said.
Ilham Aliyev wished Grand Duke Henri good health, success in activities, the friendly people of Luxembourg - peace and prosperity.
Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev
Georgian domestic exports up 3.5% Georgia 01:26
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Head of EU Council: Azerbaijan’s Shah Deniz 2 project to be new source of natural gas for European markets
Politics 21 January 2014 14:17 (UTC+04:00)
Baku, Azerbaijan, Jan.21
By Sabina Ahmedova - Trend:
"Diversification is a key objective of Europe's energy security strategy, and Azerbaijan is helping us to meet this objective," Evangelos Venizelos, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Greece, which presides over the EU Council in the first half of this year, said in an interview with Trend on Jan.21.
The minister said that Azerbaijan's Shah Deniz 2 project will be a new source of natural gas for European markets, but at the same time, the TANAP/TAP projects constitute a new route - a southern corridor - and this strengthens European energy security even further.
Greek Foreign Minister went on to say that the TAP project will also have regional benefits, of course, beyond the cooperation between Greece, Albania and Italy.
"We are already discussing plans for a branch lines that will carry natural gas to countries in the Western Balkans -including Croatia, the newest member of the European family - thereby further strengthening regional cooperation as well as economic synergies in the Western Balkans," Venizelos said.
The Shah Deniz Stage 2 project will bring gas from the Caspian Sea to markets in Turkey and Europe, opening up the 'Southern Gas Corridor'. Shah Deniz Stage 2 is expected to add a further 16 billion cubic meters per year (BCMA) of gas production to the approximately 9 BCMA from Shah Deniz Stage 1.
This Stage 2 development of the Shah Deniz field, which lies some 70 kilometres offshore in the Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea, is expected to include two new bridge-linked production platforms; 26 subsea wells to be drilled with 2 semi-submersible rigs; 500 kilometres of subsea pipelines built at up to 550 metres of water depth; a 16 bcma upgrade for the South Caucasus Pipeline (SCP); and expansion of the Sangachal Terminal. The Trans-Anatolian Pipeline (TANAP) will transport gas across Turkey and the Trans-Adriatic Pipeline will transport gas from the Turkish-Greek border to Italy.
The Shah Deniz co-venturers are (after recent acquisitions): BP, operator (28.8 per cent), SOCAR (16.7 per cent), Statoil (15.5 per cent), Total (10 per cent), Lukoil (10 per cent), NICO (10 per cent) and TPAO (9 per cent). These percentages include the recent purchases of equity from Statoil by BP and SOCAR, respectively, which are subject to conditions that are expected to be satisfied in 2014 for completion of the transactions.
Evangelos Venizelos
Kazakhstan's revenue from maritime cargo transport surges
Dostlug field to help develop Azerbaijan’s petrochemicals industry – Bryza
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Azerbaijan increases oil and gas production
Oil&Gas 16 September 2010 18:50 (UTC+04:00)
Azerbaijan, Baku, September 16 / Trend /
Azerbaijan produced 34.25 million tons of crude oil and condensate in January-August, 2.2 percent more than oil and condensate production in January-August 2009, the Azerbaijani State Statistics Committee said.
Most was produced by the Azerbaijan International Operating Company, which produced 28.6 million tons of crude oil and condensate in the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli block of offshore fields and the Shah Deniz gas field, This was 2.8 percent more than the same period last year.
Gas production totaled 17.63 billion cubic meters in Azerbaijan in January-August, 12.1 percent more than the same period last year. Over 6.9 billion cubic meters of gas was produced by the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli fields (associated gas) and the Shah Deniz field, 1.4 percent more than in January-August 2009.
Azerbaijan generated about 12, 5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity in January-August, which was 2.8 percent less than the same period last year.
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Shell and western banks examine TAPI gas pipeline project
Oil&Gas 3 October 2012 16:01 (UTC+04:00)
Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, Oct. 3 / Trend H. Hasanov /
Oil and gas concern Shell, represented in more than 90 countries and a number of reputable western banks is examining the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipeline construction project, the Indian media sources said on Wednesday.
The Hindu / Business Line referred to sources close to the negotiations and Shell is amongst the companies that have expressed an interest in the project.
According to reports, the project which has US backing had initially seen
interest from Chinese and Russian firms. Road-shows were also held to invite financiers to the project.
According to The Hindu/Business Line, the participants included amongst others, SBI, US EXIM, Citigroup, Morgan Stanley, Deutsche Bank and Macquarie Bank.
The decision with regard to the consortium leader and investors which will
be made jointly by member countries in consultation with the Asian
Development Bank (ADB), is expected to be completed in a year's time.
"The work on the network is expected to start in 2015," The Hindu/Business Line said. "The pipeline is expected to be operational in 2018 and supply gas over a 30-year period."
The Turkmen side conducted several international road shows for TAPI in September with the participation of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It was reported that Chevron, Exxon Mobil, BP, BG Group, RWE, Petronas and
other companies became familiarised with the main terms of the project
implementation and expressed an intention to participate in it.
TAPI aims at ensuring the long term supplies of over 30 billion cubic meters of Turkmen natural gas to South-East Asia annually. The start of the project was signed in Ashgabat in late 2010.
In May 2012 Turkmenistan signed a memorandum of understanding with Transit Afghanistan on TAPI. Contracts on the sale of Turkmen gas were also signed with the State Gas Systems of Pakistan and Indian GAIL Ltd.
ADB has been acting as the secretariat in the TAPI project. It previously reported that after more than 20 years of complex negotiations, an 1800-kilometre gas pipeline which will connect one of the largest energy suppliers of Central Asia - Turkmenistan with a market in South Asia was one step closer to reality. This testifies an unprecedented new sphere in regional relations.
Turkmenistan currently supplies gas to China, Iran and Russia. Besides the South Asian destination, Ashgabat hopes to join the European market.
German RWE and a shareholder of another gas pipeline project - Nabucco have a contract with the Turkmen government. They are among the companies interested in TAPI. EU hopes for Nabucco to diversify its energy sources.
Turkmenistan may join this project in the case of construction of the Trans-Caspian gas pipeline to the Azerbaijani coast related to the relevant communications with Transit Turkey. Malaysia's Petronas is also represented in the Turkmen market.
The company is working in the Caspian Sea offshore block and is ready to produce to 10 billion cubic meters of gas per year, which can also be a source for fuel supply to Europe.
Azerbaijani ministry talks about project of North-South international transport corridor
New road bridge to be built between Azerbaijan and Iran in Astara
Sale transactions in Georgia's real-estate sector may drop in Jan.-Feb. 2021
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Alternative energy development strategy coordinated in Azerbaijan
Oil&Gas 11 October 2012 15:18 (UTC+04:00)
Azerbaijan, Baku, Oct. 11 /Trend E.Ismayilov/
The strategy on consumption and development of alternative and renewable energy resources till 2020 is going to be ratified by the end of the year, an energy market source reported to Trend on Thursday. The strategy is currently being coordinated by the country's ministries and agencies.
"The strategy will be ratified following the coordination. We expect its ratification by the end of the year," the source noted.
The chief of staff of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Industry and Energy Rasim Mammadov previously noted that implementation of new strategy in Azerbaijan is planned for the beginning of 2013.
The strategy on the use of alternative and renewable energy sources in Azerbaijan within 2012-2020 and the organisation of work in the framework of the strategy will enable attainment of the 20 per cent threshold share of alternative energy in total energy consumption by 2020.
The choice of 2020 as the term is not an accident, as the European Union is going to reach the level of 20 per cent in alternative energy consumption by that time.
In December of last year Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev signed a decree on the development of state strategy on the usage of alternative and renewable energy sources in Azerbaijan for 2012-2020 within six months
A slight delay in development of the strategy was due to the establishment of a state company at the state agency on alternative and renewable energy resources.
Ministry of Industry and Energy
Amnesty International documents strikes by Armenia on Azerbaijani civilian towns, villages during 44-day war
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New head appointed to Kazakhstan Public-Private Partnership Centre
Kazakhstan 8 January 2014 19:10 (UTC+04:00)
Astana, Kazakhstan, Jan.8
By Daniyar Mukhtarov - Trend:
Azamat Oinarov is to head the Kazakhstan Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Centre, the Kazakh Ministry of Economy and Budget Planning said on Jan.8.
"Azamat Oinarov has been appointed chairman of the Kazakhstan Public-Private Partnership Center JSC. Previously, he served as Deputy Defence Minister for Economics and Finance," the ministry said.
Oinarov began his career in 1992 as a junior researcher at the Research Institute of Economy and Market Relations under the Ministry of Economy of Kazakhstan.
In 1994 he worked as chief specialist at NAFA under the Ministry of Econom, then moved to a similar position in the State Export-Import Bank.
In 1996 he began his activities at the Almaty Merchant Bank CJSC as a leading specialist.
Oinarov was appointed deputy chairman of the board of Tsesnabank JSC in 1997.
In 1998 he was appointed deputy chairman of the Economic Planning Committee of the Ministry of Economy and Trade.
In 1999 Oinarov was appointed head of the Chancellery Department of the Kazakh Prime Minister. In 2001 he moved to the post of deputy chairman of the Agency for Regulation of Natural Monopolies and Protection of Competition.
Between 2003 and 2006 he worked as Deputy Finance Minister and in 2007 he was appointed Deputy Defence Minister for Economics and Finance.
In 2010, he was engaged in professional activities at TASK Holding LLP as financial officer then worked as advisor to the chairman of the Board of Directors.
Translated by L.Z.
Edited by S.M.
Kazakhstan Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Center
Weekly actual topics in Azerbaijan (April 16-20)
Weekly tenders in the region (April 16-20)
Last week’s laws, orders and decrees in Azerbaijan (April 16-20)
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Zarif, Kerry discuss issues of mutual interest
Iran 14 July 2014 01:19 (UTC+04:00)
Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif and US Secretary of State John Kerry met here in Palais Coburg and discussed issues of mutual interest, IRNA reported.
n the meeting, Deputies Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi, Majid Takht-e-Ravanchi and Presidentˈs Special Assistant Hossein Fereydoun were present, too.
US Deputy Secretary of State William Burns and US representative in Group 5+1 Wendy Sherman were in the meeting, too.
Today, Zarif had a meeting with foreign ministers of three European countries and then had a bilateral meeting with Chinese deputy foreign minister.
He also had separate meetings with his three European counterparts from Germany, France and Britain.
Representatives from Iran and Group 5+1 started their sixth round of nuclear talks here on July 2. Because of differences on important issues, foreign ministers of the US, Germany, France and Britain joined the meeting on Sunday to take decisions on the ministerial level.
Azerbaijan sees decline in 2020 alcoholic, tobacco production
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Ticks Doctors ask for TBE vaccination
Ticks: Physicians ask for TBE vaccination
Summer time, warm time: The best weather for ticks. Doctors advise to TBE vaccine, as the meningitis is transmitted through the bloodsucker. The vaccination should be carried out if possible before the summer holidays.
About four weeks before the start of the summer holidays, medical doctors recommend vaccination to protect against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). The infectious disease is transmitted by ticks, which are very active in the warm summer days in many regions of Germany. It was „just possible to take a vaccine against the tick-borne encephalitis“, experts from the German Green Cross (DGK) report. Persons living in the risk areas or people traveling to the regions of Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg or Austria should, according to the doctors „do not let time pass“.
More TBE illness cases
FSME is a viral infection. In the process, the meninges and the brain itself become inflamed. In many cases, the viruses are transmitted through a tick bite. According to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), 420 cases were reported in 2013. „The Robert Koch Institute (RKI) registered more than twice as many FSME cases in 2013 as it did in 2012: 420 compared to 195 cases in 2012.“
Already a dose consisting of three single doses is sufficient against the TBE virus. This should be refreshed whenever possible every three to five years. If you want to go faster, you can also give two vaccines at 14-day intervals. „That's enough for a reliable protection on vacation“, commented DGK expert Ute Arndt.
Scan for ticks
Especially children should be thoroughly searched after an outdoor stay. „A tick sits in a typical place, under the armpit.“ If there is a tick in the skin, it can be removed with special pliers. If you are unsure, you should go to the doctor.
In Germany, about 142 counties and regions exist as so-called risk areas. These include: almost all of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. In both states, most illnesses occur. Somewhat less affected are Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate, Thuringia and Saarland. But here too, special precautions apply. New addition to the risk area last year is the Vogtlandkreis Sachsen as well as numerous areas in the Czech Republic and Austria. Again, a vaccine should be reconsidered. (Sb)
« Tick-risk in southern Germany very high Ticks are more likely to have sex outdoors, otherwise tick bites threaten »
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Carolyn Gold Heilbrun
"Amanda Cross" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Amanda Cross (rower).
Carolyn Gold
(1926-01-13)January 13, 1926
October 9, 2003(2003-10-09) (aged 77)
Amanda Cross
Writer, professor
Columbia University Wellesley College
Carolyn Gold Heilbrun (January 13, 1926 – October 9, 2003) was an American academic at Columbia University, the first woman to receive tenure in the English department, and a prolific feminist author of academic studies. In addition, beginning in the 1960s, she published numerous popular mystery novels with a woman protagonist, under the pen name of Amanda Cross.[1] These have been translated into numerous languages and in total sold nearly one million copies worldwide.
1 Early life and education
2.1 Kate Fansler mystery novels
4 Later life and death
5 Awards and Honors
6 Controversies
7.1 Academic Publications
7.2 Kate Fansler Mysteries
9.2 Articles
Early life and education[edit]
Heilbrun was born in East Orange, New Jersey, to Archibald Gold and Estelle (Roemer) Gold. The family moved to Manhattan's Upper West Side when she was a child.[1]
Heilbrun graduated from Wellesley College in 1947 with a major in English. Afterwards, she studied English literature at Columbia University, receiving her M.A. in 1951 and Ph.D in 1959.[1][2] Among her most important mentors were Columbia professors Jacques Barzun and Lionel Trilling, while Clifton Fadiman was an important inspiration: She wrote about these three in her final non-fiction work, When Men Were the Only Models We Had: My Teachers Barzun, Fadiman, Trilling (2002).
Heilbrun taught English at Columbia for more than three decades, from 1960 to 1992.[2] She was the first woman to receive tenure in the English Department and held an endowed position.[3] Her academic specialty was British modern literature, with a particular interest in the Bloomsbury Group.[1] Her academic books include the feminist study Writing a Woman's Life (1988). In 1983, she co-founded and became co-editor of the Columbia University Press's Gender and Culture Series with literary scholar Nancy K. Miller.[4] From 1985 until her retirement in 1992, she was Avalon Foundation Professor in the Humanities at Columbia.[1][2]
Kate Fansler mystery novels[edit]
Cover of the 1966 Avon Books paperback edition of In the Last Analysis, published under Heilbrun's pseudonym Amanda Cross. Cover art by Robert Abbett.
Heilbrun was the author of 14 Kate Fansler mysteries, published under the pen name of Amanda Cross. Her protagonist Kate Fansler, like Heilbrun, was an English professor. In 1965, the first novel in the series was shortlisted for the Edgar Award in the category of Best First novel.[5]
Heilbrun kept her second career as a mystery novelist secret in order to protect her academic career, until a fan discovered the true identity of "Amanda Cross" through copyright records. Through her novels, all set in academia, Heilbrun explored issues in feminism, academic politics, women's friendships, and other social and political themes. Death in a Tenured Position (1981, set at Harvard University) was particularly harsh in its criticism of the academic establishment's treatment of women. Heilbrun, according to Kimberly Maslin, "reconceptualizes the role of the detective and the nature of crime and its resolution."[6] Her books were translated into "Japanese, German, French, Swedish, Finnish, Spanish and Italian, selling in total nearly a million copies worldwide."[3]
She married James Heilbrun, whom she met in college. He was an economist and they had three children.[7]
Later life and death[edit]
Heilbrun enjoyed solitude when working and, despite being a wife and mother of three, often spent time alone at various retreats over the years, including her luxury Manhattan apartment and a country home in upstate New York. She also had a Summer house in Alford, Massachusetts.[8] At the age of 68, she purchased a new home to use by herself, as she wanted a private place. She held strong opinions on nearly every aspect of women's lives and also believed that ending one's own life was a basic human right. In keeping with her views on aging in The Last Gift of Time: Life Beyond Sixty, she quit wearing high heels, hose, and form-fitting clothing in her early 60s. She adopted blouses and slacks as her daily attire. Heilbrun's son recalled, "My mother was a generous hostess when she was young, but lost interest in dinner parties as she got older. She preferred to order groceries from the local supermarket and have them sent to her apartment as she was too busy to waste time squeezing oranges at Fairway."[9]
In the book The Last Gift of Time: Life Beyond Sixty, Heilbrun expressed her desire to take her own life on her 70th birthday because "there is no joy in life past that point, only to experience the miserable endgame." She turned 70 in January 1996 and did not follow up on her idea at the time. She lived another seven years.
One fall morning in 2003, she went for a walk around New York City with her longtime friend Mary Ann Caws and told the latter: "I feel sad." When Caws prompted her why, Heilbrun responded: "The universe."[9] Afterward, she went home to her apartment. The next morning she was found dead, having taken sleeping pills and placed a plastic bag over her head. She left a suicide note, which read: "The journey is over. Love to all." She was 77 years old. According to her son, she had been in good health with no known physical or mental ailments, and she felt her life was "completed".[9]
Awards and Honors[edit]
Heilbrun received the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1970, a Bunting Institute Fellowship in 1976, and a Rockefeller Fellowship in 1976. She was a National Endowment for the Humanities Senior Research Fellow in 1983. Heilbrun served as a member of the executive council of the Modern Language Association from 1976 to 1979, and was the president in 1984.[10]
Controversies[edit]
Heilbrun was the subject of a 1992 New York Times Magazine profile by Anne Matthews wherein she accused the Columbia English Department of discriminating against women.[11] Former Dean of Columbia College Carl Hovde admitted that there was widespread past discrimination against women at Columbia "and all other universities," but dismissed Matthews's accusations of current discriminations in an angry letter to the editor as "rubbish." [12] Nonetheless, Heilbrun was very specific in her memories of being a celebrated female professor at Columbia. "When I spoke up for women's issues, I was made to feel unwelcome in my own department, kept off crucial committees, ridiculed, ignored," Heilbrun told the New York Times. "Ironically, my name in the catalogue gave Columbia a reputation for encouraging feminist studies in modernism. Nothing could be further from the truth."[11]
Academic Publications[edit]
Heilbrun, as a scholar wrote or edited 14 nonfiction books, including the feminist study Writing a Woman's Life (1988). These books include:
The Garnett Family, Macmillan, 1961. A study of the Garnetts, a British family whose many members were devoted to the study and writing of books.
Toward a Recognition of Androgyny, Alfred A. Knopf, 1973. Reviewing the book for the New York Times Joyce Carol Oates wrote that "to Carolyn Heilbrun (a professor of English at Columbia) the very salvation of our species depends upon our 'recognition of androgyny’ as a conscious ideal."[13]
Lady Ottoline's Album, editor. Alfred A. Knopf, 1976. Photographs, taken primarily by Morrell, of her contemporaries in Great Britain.
Reinventing Womanhood, Norton, 1979. An investigation of women's identity and autonomy in the world. The author of a review of this work published in the Kirkus Reviews wrote that Heilbrun "moving with conviction from autobiography to literary analysis, Oedipal theory, and studies of family patterns among "achieving" females, ...tries to suggest ways in which women can claim supposedly male attitudes and roles as their birthright."[14]
The Representation of Women in Fiction, co-editor. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983
Writing a Woman's Life, Ballantine, 1988
Hamlet's Mother and Other Women, Columbia University Press, 1990. A collection of essays exploring feminism in literary studies.
Education of a Woman: The Life of Gloria Steinem, The Dial Press, 1995. Biography.
The Last Gift of Time: Life Beyond Sixty, Ballantine Books, 1998. Collected essays reflecting on the challenges and rewards of aging.
When Men Were the Only Models We Had: My Teachers Barzun, Fadiman, Trilling, University of Pennsylvania Press,2002. A memoir recounting Heilbrun's relationships with her mentors Jacques Barzun, Clifton Fadiman, and Lionel Trilling.
Kate Fansler Mysteries[edit]
In The Last Analysis (1964)
The James Joyce Murder (1967)
Poetic Justice (1970)
The Theban Mysteries (1971)
The Question of Max (1976)
Death in a Tenured Position (1981, Nero Award winner)
Sweet Death, Kind Death (1984)
No Word From Winifred (1986)
A Trap for Fools (1989)
The Players Come Again (1990)
An Imperfect Spy (1995)
The Collected Stories (1997) most are for Kate Fansler
The Puzzled Heart (1998)
Honest Doubt (2000)
The Edge of Doom (2002)
^ a b c d e McFadden, Robert D. "Carolyn Heilbrun, Pioneering Feminist Scholar, Dies at 77", The New York Times, October 11, 2003. Accessed December 18, 2007.
^ a b c "Carolyn Heilbrun". C250 Celebrates: Columbians Ahead of Their Time. Columbia University. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
^ a b Anne Matthews, "Rage in a Tenured Position", New York Times Magazine, 8 November 1992
^ "Gender and Culture Series". Columbia University Press. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
^ "Edgars Database". Edgar Award Winners and Nominees. Mystery Writers of America. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
^ Maslin, Kimberly (2016). "Writing a Woman Detective, Reinventing a Genre: Carolyn G. Heilbrun as Amanda Cross". Clues: A Journal of Detection. 34 (2): 63.
^ Vergel, Gina. "Economics Professor Remembered as a Gentleman and Scholar". Fordham University. Retrieved June 17, 2012.
^ "History – Town of Alford". townofalford.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
^ a b c Vanessa Grigoriadis, "A Death of One's Own", New York Magazine.
^ Klingenstein, Suzanne. "Carolyn G. Heilbrun". Jewish Women's Archive Encyclopedia. Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
^ a b Matthews, Anne. "Rage in a Tenured Position". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
^ "RAGE IN A TENURED POSITION". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
^ Oates, Joyce Carol (April 15, 1973). "An Imperative to Escape the Prison of Gender". The New York Times Book Review: 7, 10–11.
^ "Reinventing Womenhood". Kirkus Reviews. April 23, 1979. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
Papers[edit]
Carolyn G. Heilbrun papers at the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Special Collections
Carolyn G. Heilbrun papers at the Mortimer Rare Book Collection, Smith College Special Collections
Articles[edit]
"Carolyn G. Heilbrun", Barnard College] (video)
Suzanne Klingenstein, "Carolyn G. Heilbrun", Jewish Women's Archive
"Carolyn G. Heilbrun", Random House
"Carolyn G. Heilbrun", W. W. Norton
Anne Matthews, "Rage in a Tenured Position", New York Times Magazine, 8 November 1992
Scholar and Feminist Online (SFO) – Writing a Feminist's Life: The Legacy of Carolyn G. Heilbrun (2006)
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2003 suicides
20th-century American novelists
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American mystery writers
American women novelists
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Suicides in New York City
Nero Award winners
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Several Activities To Celebrate Barbados’ 50th
by Sharon Austin | Oct 18, 2016 | banner, Top Stories
Barbados’ 50th Anniversary of Independence celebrations will move into high gear soon, and Prime Minister Freundel Stuart is urging all Barbadians and friends of Barbados at home and abroad to participate in the activities.
Mr. Stuart made the call today during a press conference at Ilaro Court to discuss the 50th Anniversary of Independence activities.
He said the country’s achievements thus far were worthy of celebration. “We must ensure that our people know and appreciate the sacrifices that were made by countless Barbadians at all levels to chart the course for us to arrive at this milestone. It is our responsibility to chart an even better course for those who will follow,” he stated.
The Prime Minister noted that the activities would commence with the annual Lighting Ceremony on Tuesday, November 1, in National Heroes Square, beginning at 5:30 p.m. He urged all home owners and businesses to “literally light up in the national colours” so Barbados would be a sea of ultramarine and gold.
There will also be an exhibition entitled: The Road to Destiny: Barbados at Fifty – Pursuing the Road to Independence, at the Barbados Museum and Historical Society, The Garrison, from November 2016 to January 2017.
A theatrical production entitled: Mirror, Mirror, Show Me a Hero, will be held at the Frank Collymore Hall, from November 17 to 26. Mr. Stuart explained that the production would be dedicated to the late Dame Nita Barrow, who, if she were alive, would have been 100 years on November 15.
“Dame Nita was a trail blazing pioneer who spent her life in the service of others, and her work was the catalyst for much positive change locally, regionally and internationally. Mirror, Mirror, Show Me a Hero builds on that legacy by a futuristic depiction of the search for oneself in music and in drama,” he stated.
The Barbados Food & Rum Festival, one of Barbados’ premiere annual events, will run from November 17 to 20. On November 19, the 2016 Parish Independence Programme will climax with the Spirit of the Nation Show at Kensington Oval, and Mr. Stuart encouraged all Barbadians to support their parishes and the Parish Ambassadors.
He added that on November 20, the 50th Anniversary of Independence NIFCA Gala would be held at Kensington Oval. He noted that it would be dedicated to the youth and attendees would be treated to an evening of culture, through the eyes of the nation’s children.
According to him, it would also highlight a number of the award winning pieces from the last 42 years of NIFCA performances.
Prime Minister, Freundel Stuart greets students on his way to a press conference at Ilaro Court. The briefing was to give an update on the activities for the 50th Anniversary of Independence. To the left is Permanent Secretary, National Independence Secretariat, Gabrielle Springer. (C.Pitt/BGIS)
There will be an elegant cocktail reception entitled: Nostalgia! An Evening of Barbadian Elegance, on Tuesday, November 22. This signature event, the Prime Minister explained, is intended to bring together Barbadians from all walks of life to spend an evening at Ilaro Court.
“We will pause to remember our past and to look to the future with anticipation, as we continue to write our names on history’s page with pride and industry. It will be a cultural journey of our music, fashion, talent and cuisine, a defining showcase of the people of Barbados for the people of Barbados,” he stressed.
He pointed out that the Prime Minister’s Dinner and Ball would be held on November 25, at Ilaro Court. He disclosed that the 50 Golden Jubilee Awards recipients would be honoured at the black tie affair, which would feature excellence in Barbadian cultural creativity.
On November 27, the 50th Anniversary Service of Thanksgiving will be held at Kensington Oval, beginning at 4:00 p.m. A Human Chain Link involving school children will be held on November 28 and members of the public and private sectors are being encouraged to participate.
The finale of the celebrations, Mr. Stuart stated, would be the three-part 50th Anniversary of Independence Celebrations Golden Spectacular.
He disclosed that there would be a short impactful televised public ceremony to reveal the 50th Anniversary of Independence National Monument, at The Garrison Savannah, on November 29, from 10:30 p.m.
An enhanced military parade will follow on November 30, at 8:00 a.m., and a cultural spectacular and concert in the evening, beginning at 8:00. International superstar Rihanna, supported by a choir of children from various schools across Barbados, will sing the National Anthem at the event.
The full speech by Prime Minister Freundel Stuart on activities for Barbados’ 50th anniversary of Independence may be downloaded here.
sharon.austingill-moore@barbados.gov.bb
Tags: 50th anniversary of Independence celebrations, Freundel Stuart, Jubilee Annniversary, Prime Minister
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Heroes die too: the complex legacy of Stan Lee
Sebastiaan Molloy|November 14, 2018
The man who became the face of Marvel Studios through cameos and outspoken opinions on social justice became a role-model and father figure to innumerable enthusiasts who were unable to voice what they felt, or admired the messages portrayed through the Marvel stories — Stan Lee, has died at the age of 95. Arguably the single greatest entertainment influencer in the past two decades — three, if you include his earliest works that led to the creation of what are now recognized as comic books, leaves behind an immortal legacy.
Lee, in collaboration with a number of artists, perhaps most famous among those being Jack Kirby (credited with the creation of Captain America), created some of the world’s most recognizable heroes, including: Spider-Man, the Hulk, the original X-Men entourage, Black Panther, Thor and a number of others, and used them as a platform to fight for moral ideals. “A story without a message, however subliminal, is like a man without a soul,” wrote Lee in a 1970 column of Stan’s Soapbox (a column which Lee used to answer questions from his readers).
According to Lee, the malicious culture of hatred and prejudice in America was just one of the many issues he sought to address over the years through his comics. During the civil rights movement, Lee used the same fireside chat style of his Soapbox column to introduce Luke Cage; a black “hero for hire.” Later in 1969, Lee challenged the notion that nobody remembers men of hate and that “love is a far greater force,” referencing figures like Jesus Christ, Buddha and Moses.
In 2008, when he was awarded the National Medal of Arts, the dedication cited “these new stories provide a medium for social commentary … he used his editorial page, ‘Stan’s Soapbox,’ to speak to the comic book reader about social justice issues, such as discrimination, intolerance and prejudice.” These ideals where embodied through the creation of the Stan Lee Foundation, which was founded in 2010 and focused on literacy, education, the arts, and the promotion of culture and diversity.
Lee addressed questions concerning a lack of diversity within some of the original comics and why those characters’s ethnicities, gender and sexual orientation were not addressed. Lee simply stated there existed no need to adjust the designs of an existing character when there are so many opportunities to create new characters, which would fit the ideals of the aforementioned groups more succinctly.
That said, Ms. Marvel is now Kamala Khan, a Muslim teen, and the Hulk is a Korean kid, Amadeus Cho. IceMan recently came out as gay and characters like Thor, Hawkeye and Wolverine are now female. The incorporation of these changes is viewed by some as too much, too quickly. The disregard for Lee’s vision took a toll on Marvel’s sales. The company’s net worth took a nearly 6 percent dive shortly after their incorporation. Marvel’s sales indicate that their desire to be all inclusive has actually led to some rejection.
“What we heard was that people didn’t want any more diversity,” said David Gabriel, vice president of sales at Marvel, after being asked by ICv2 (a Geek culture magazine) why the company’s numbers were lower. “They didn’t want female characters out there. That’s what we heard, whether we believe that or not. I don’t know that that’s really true, but that’s what we saw in sales.”
As with many things, the result in change is slightly more complex than it may first appear. It likely has little to do with misogyny, sexism or any other phobia or prejudices. People just don’t want Marvel to mess with the big classics; nobody at the Louvre is repainting the Mona Lisa as a man and selling tickets to see it as if it were the same iconic art piece. Fans like myself would rather see change incorporated the way Lee envisioned them, by creating new characters to embrace them.
This is supported by the decision to create or change a character’s sexual orientation prior to their sales drop. Iceman was changed to a gay character in 2016 and Batwoman became a lesbian in 2007, to name a few. America Chavez, a lesbian Latina teen who fights Nazis, debuted in 2011, and Marvel fans “applauded her creation.” Her popularity inspired an entire comic book series surrounding the character.
Thor, a personal favorite due to his mythological origins being closely related to my birthplace, was an annoying gender shift to come to terms with initially. This is largely due to a personal romantic obsession with mythology and a desire to stay true to those roots. However, it cannot be overstated the importance of recognizing the symbolism these fictitious characters embody, and how those embodiments adjust to become more inclusive of other groups once they are no longer straight, white, over masculinized men. Saliently, my privilege extends beyond simply relating to a character due to its gender or sexual orientation. If a physical appearance change is required for others to celebrate these fictional heroes the same way I do, I stand behind it without the slightest hesitation.
Marvel should continue Lee’s vision in the creation of inclusive characters before altering existing characters in the pursuit of inclusion. A new Spiderman will be released later this year, not as Peter Parker, but as Miles Morales, a teen with Puerto Rican heritage. This will be the first major adjustment to a Marvel character on screen; we’ll have to wait and see if the rejection from fans witnessed in comic sales is to be reflected in Marvel’s film sales.
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WATCH: Chase Rice Premieres "Three Chords & The Truth" Music Video
Photo Credit: Joseph Llanes
When Chase Rice's father gifted him a guitar as a young boy, it changed his life forever. The country star has released a music video for his current single, "Three Chords & The Truth," and it's his most powerful work yet. The footage shows him on the road, on the bus, and on stage, as well as capturing the power of a Nashville dream.
Rice wanted to do something he's never done before when it came time to put the music video together. That is when he decided to change 8-year-old Nicholas Upton's life by making a trip to see him at his home to surprise him with his very own guitar.
“That cheap $150 guitar changed my life,” Rice shared. “There are people who love music and can’t afford a guitar. Music is everything for me. I can’t think of a better gift to give to someone else.”
Upton is fighting hemophilia and when he's not at the doctor, he finds comfort in life when listening to his musical mentor, Rice, on his country music playlist.
Chase Rice's new album, Lambs & Lions, is due out November 17.
Nicholas Upton
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Your share could raise $30
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Donate to James’ care: https://fundrazr.com/campaigns/f1OA33/pay
Register to be a bone marrow donor: http://www.bethematch.org/
James’ Story:
On Tuesday, August 7th we were leaving the house for Rita’s birthday dinner when we received a voicemail from James’ doctor. She said to call immediately and left her personal cell phone number. As we walked, James was being his usual self: running down Southport Ave and acting like a healthy, happy little boy. Forty-eight hours later, James would be in critical condition, on a ventilator, and fighting for his life. Two days after that James was diagnosed with an extremely rare form of Leukemia.
When we called the doctor back, she shared that a routine blood test showed James’ white blood cell count was abnormally high and she wanted us to get more tests done by the Leukemia and cancer specialists at Lurie’s Children Hospital. To put it in perspective, healthy children usually have a white blood cell count of 5,000 to 10,000. James’ was at 32,000.
Thursday was the soonest appointment we could get with a hematologist - a doctor who specializes in diseases of the blood. The doctors at Lurie’s confirmed that something was not right. They wanted to get a bone marrow sample to figure out what was going on and the quickest way to the front of the line was to have James admitted. At that point, there wasn’t a high level of concern for James’ immediate health. We spent the day playing with trucks, reading books, watching “gee” (Curious George) and looking at cars, trucks, buses and all his favorite sights of the city from the hospital room window.
On Friday morning at 9:30 am, James underwent a procedure to extract a bone marrow and a bone sample from his hip. The doctor’s shared what they were testing for: James likely either had Leukemia or an auto-immune disease. Devastation.
A few hours later the oncologist (cancer doctor) called us to the consultation room for a discussion. She shared what was seemingly good news. The initial blood results had ruled out the most common types of Leukemia, which typically make up more than 99% of annual childhood Leukemia diagnosis. The only cancer they couldn’t rule out was a very rare form of Leukemia called Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, or JMML. We would later learn that JMML is so rare that there are currently only 20 kids diagnosed in the U.S.
While we didn’t yet have an answer for what was affecting James, we cautiously celebrated the news since the other options were an auto immune disease or pneumonia. We were told the rest of the tests would likely come back on Monday.
That night James’ health rapidly deteriorated. His temperature spiked to 104. His heart rate was racing at 200 beats per minute. His lungs began to fail. To help his little body the nurses and doctors put him on oxygen and a few IVs. While we were scared – and not knowing what was happening – we at least had the benefit of being able to talk to the doctors. James didn’t.
As the night progressed, the doctor’s wanted to increase his oxygen to help with his lungs; and to do so, he needed to be moved to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and only they could administer the higher dosage.
For the next 24-hours, James would not rest; his body would not let him. Each time he did fall asleep, he would wake up 10 to 20 minutes later terrified and not knowing what was happening. His body was in overdrive, IVs and sensors all over his body, a tube inserted down his nose into his stomach – how could he understand?
It was excruciating. His body was being overworked. He was having trouble breathing. He was not getting the rest needed. He was pleading with all the words he had. “All done.” “Momma.” “Up.” “Outside.” It was heartbreaking and terrifying to watch our poor little baby so scared and so sick, feeling completely helpless.
The PICU team told us what we could already see. James’ body could not sustain this pace on his own, so we made the decision to sedate and intubate him (put on a breathing machine.) It was mentally impossible to hear but we knew it had to be done. We sat bedside with James as he was sedated and the breathing tubes inserted into his lungs. This was two days after we walked into the hospital with a seemingly healthy little boy.
Saturday brought a new bombshell. The only piece of good news we had received instantly disappeared. Our James had JMML, the rarest type of childhood Leukemia.
The doctors now suspected that James did not have pneumonia. Instead it was leukemia filling his little lungs with white blood cells. James’ white blood cell count accelerated rapidly throughout the day from 30,000 (which we previously thought was unimaginably high) to 50,000 to 78,000 to 90,000 to 111,000 to 128,000.
Our little James was now in critical condition. Some of the best doctors in Chicago were working with him minute-by-minute, hour-by-hour to keep him going. Everything had happened so fast that we didn’t even have time to process one bit of news before we had moved onto another. But we kept in mind one thing: if you’ve met James, you know he is a strong-willed little toddler. If anyone can battle this, it’s James.
While James’ lungs were responding to the breathing machine, it wasn’t enough. The doctors decided to move him to a new ventilator that could also administer anesthesia gas in addition to breathing for James. This machine had to be brought up from the E.R. and had only been used a few times on the PICU floor over the past two years. We were told James may be the sickest patient in the hospital (438 patients) and that he was fighting for his life.
We were grasping for straws. The doctors told us they were running out of things to try. We discussed unproven options that had never been tried on a patient as young as James. We signed consent forms.
Fortunately, the new machine began to stabilize James and we took some of those options off the table. During “rounds” the next morning we counted thirteen doctors and nurses around James’ room to get an update on his condition. We felt like we were in the right place with the right level of attention from an incredibly experienced medical staff. We had tremendous support from family and friends – all rallying around James and supporting us day and night.
On Sunday, August 12th- just 5 days after receiving that urgent call from the doctor - James started Chemo. His chemo is now administered twice a day. Once for 30-minutes. Later in the day for 4-hours. He typically also requires a blood transfusion. This is in addition to the 18-25 drips of medication he is on every hour.
As crazy as it sounds, this is only part of the story over the past week. There have been other challenges with blood pressure, his lungs filling with carbon dioxide (CO2), scary challenges switching him to new medical machinery, but tough little James is making progress. On Wednesday the 15th he moved to a smaller ventilator. His white blood cells are down to 30,000.
While still on anesthesia, James has been resting in bed with his night time puppy, Curious George stuffed animal and a pacifier in one hand and his favorite toy truck in the other. We have been reading James books, which is very difficult while keeping your emotions in check.
James has a long fight in front of him. It’s scary to think about all the challenges ahead but right now we are focused on today. One step at a time, then we will tackle the next target.
Ultimately, the only cure for JMML is a bone marrow transplant, in addition to extensive chemotherapy over the coming months until we find the appropriate donor match. If you want to see if you would be a match for James, please register at the website below.
Nearly 5,000 kids will be diagnosed with Leukemia this year. There are a lot of kids like James out there whose only hope is to find a good donor match. You can do it from your own home and it’s as easy as swabbing the inside of your cheek. Please visit:
http://www.bethematch.org/
You can learn more about JMML at:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_myelomonocytic_leukemia
Please keep James in your thoughts and prayers. He’s the sweetest little boy you’ll ever meet. We can’t wait to hear his voice again. To see his kind blue eyes. To have him blow us a kiss with a smile. I love you James.
You can donate to James’ care at https://fundrazr.com/campaigns/f1OA33/pay
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Home /Rothschild heirs sue Vienna over trust seized by Nazis in one of largest restitution claims ever
Business NewsJanuary 24, 2020
Rothschild heirs sue Vienna over trust seized by Nazis in one of largest restitution claims ever
Heirs to the Austrian branch of the Rothschild banking dynasty have accused the city of Vienna of “perpetuating” Nazi aryanisation laws by plundering a long-forgotten charitable trust, set up in 1905 to endow the Austrian capital with pioneering psychiatric hospitals.
The case over the €110 million trust is one of the largest ever restitution claims contested by the descendants of Nazi victims — though it is highly unusual in that it is a dispute over charitable assets.
A lawsuit accuses the municipality of conspiring in recent years to sell valuable property from the Nathaniel Freiherr von Rothschild Foundation for the Mentally Ill to itself at grossly undervalued prices — including a late baroque palace that was one of the world’s earliest centres of mental health treatment — and amending the charity’s deeds to make the city the sole beneficiary of its assets.
The City of Vienna ‘has essentially rewritten a will to make itself the main heir, and in effect, has done by guile what had been done in 1938 by brute force’
Rothschild heirs
The city is “completing what was done in 1938”, said Wulf Gordian Hauser, a lawyer representing the heirs, referring to the Nazi confiscation of the Austrian Rothschilds’ assets and bequests following the annexation of Austria by Germany.
Austria is no stranger to legal claims from the families of its once-thriving Jewish community, though it has so far been priceless cultural artefacts — such as Klimt’s portrait of Adele Bloch Bauer — that have been the subject of an often deeply uncomfortable reckoning with the country’s past.
The Rothschild families’ claim seeks to return control of the trust to its original form, and to repledge its assets “to the Austrian people” in perpetuity.
The case is about “the annihilation of [Nathaniel Rothschild’s] legacy,” the heirs said in a joint statement to the Financial Times. “We are determined to legally and morally challenge any attempt to further disrespect our great grand uncle and great-grandfather’s intentions and memory.”
Hannes Jarolim, the lawyer representing the city of Vienna, said a full rebuttal of the claims would be given in court.
“It is remarkable what arguments are being made about agreements with the Rothschild Foundation which were taken decades ago, and with the greatest respect and understanding of the original intentions of the foundation,” Jarolim added.
The case has been brought by Geoffrey Hoguet, the great-grandson of Albert von Rothschild, head of the Rothschild bank in Vienna in the twilight years of the Habsburg empire.
Hoguet, who lives in Manhattan, is a prominent investor and financial supporter of Democratic Party presidential nominee Pete Buttigieg.
Baron Albert von Rothschild set up the foundation in 1905 to commemorate his brother Nathaniel, the renowned art collector and a leading advocate of psychiatric treatments.
The bequest paid for the establishment of two institutions for cutting edge care for nervous disorders. A codicil to Albert’s own will later left the foundation with 20 million crowns — equivalent to around €120 million today.
Fin-de-siècle Vienna was a city whose intellectual and cultural elites were gripped by the developing field of psychiatry and an awareness of humanity’s psychological frailties. The year of the Rothschild foundation’s inauguration, 1905, also saw Freud publish his first work on sexuality. Despite such explorations, however, professional treatment was still all but unheard of, especially for huge numbers of Vienna’s exploding population of the urban poor.
Copies of the foundation’s charter, the will of Albert and its codicils, seen by the FT as part of the case, show the foundation was originally put under the protection of a board of 12 trustees, comprising nine nominees of the Rothschild family.
In 1938, the Nazi’s seized the trust, paid themselves a handsome share of its assets, and gave the rest to the Viennese government.
While the Trust was re-established in 1956 as part of Austria’s atonement for its embrace of Nazism, crucially, the scattered heirs of the Austrian Rothschilds were not told — city authorities deemed it too hard to find them — and the trusteeships passed to nominees of the city itself instead.
The trust’s unusual status went untroubled for decades. But recent years have seen Viennese authorities to try and rationalize their complex municipal structures into a more coherent system. Such a process has also coincided with a huge property price boom in the city — since the financial crisis, prices per square metre across the city have on average doubled.
In 2002, the city-appointed trustees sold one of the trust’s main assets, the Maria Theresien Schlössel — a small pleasure palace rumoured to have been favoured by empress Maria-Theresa — to the city. The Rothschild case claims it was massively undervalued.
When city authorities began cutting down swaths of trees on the sprawling campus of the Rosenhügel asylum last year, some prominent members of Vienna’s Jewish community who remembered the distant bequest of the Rothschild family, began to look more closely into the mayoralty’s activities.
They got in touch with Hoguet and his cousins. The heirs say Rosenhügel is being prepped for property development. If it is sold, then the trust will have lost its original purpose, and there will be a case to wind it up.
“[The City of Vienna] has essentially rewritten a will to make itself the main heir, and in effect, has done by guile what had been done in 1938 by brute force,” the heirs told the FT. “The city’s actions represent a grievous case of self-dealing, possibly the most cynical and corrupt in the history of aryanization and restitution in post war Austria.”
© The Financial Times Limited 2020. All Rights Reserved. Not to be redistributed, copied or modified in anyway.
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The historical, civilizational values and cultural wealth of India are stimulating the linkages between the Diaspora and India: Dr. K.S. Nathan
The nation comes first, and these 3rd or 4th generation Indians have some times little or no connections with the land of birth of their ancestors, says Dr. K.S. Nathan, Principal Fellow Institute of Ethnic Studies (KITA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in an interview with Dr. M. Mahalingam, Research Fellow, Centre for Policy Analysis, New Delhi.
If Diaspora members can be instruments of soft power? What motivates them?
The historical, civilizational values and cultural wealth of India are stimulating the linkages between the Diaspora and India, especially in the context of India’s rise as a major power. It is good for Diasporato connect with their original homeland as is the practice with Malaysian Chinese and Malays who continue to maintain their natural historic connections with China and Indonesia. There is a mutual benefit. For instance, when the Malaysian Prime Minister, honourable Mr.Najib Razak visited India in 2010, he mentioned the important contribution made by the Indian Diaspora in Malaysia in the field of plantations, railways, public health, public works, and government services. He acknoweldged their significant contribution to Malaysia’s economic development and modernization.. His statement made all the Malaysian Indians feel proud about themselves and India. India is an emerging power and Diaspora would like to connect and to play their role as transnational actors.
In the era of globalization, Transnationalism of Diaspora is challenging. In the field of International Relations, the theoretical models are based on nation-state. Could you comment on this?
The Nation-State is playing a role in terms of organization of resources, distribution of resources and management of resources. It cannot be supplanted. Although NGOs and Diaspora as transnational actors can influence the policy of the nation-state, they cannot make policies and manage the resources. They could act as an interest group or pressure group. At the same time,in the era of globalization, Diaspora’s influence and connectivity has become very intense between homeland and host land, aided as it it by the revolution in transport and communications.
International scholars have argued that ‘the biggest instrument of our soft power is theIndian Diaspora’ Do you support this statement?
Of course, Indian Diaspora is doing well in the hostland as entrepreneurs, professionals, political leaders, as well as skilled and unskilled workers, and so on. They maintain Indian cultural traits and look upon India for civilizational values. They could lobby for the interests of India in the hostland. They could act as intermediaries for facilitating trade and bilateral relations. For instance, in the case of Malaysia, Indian Diaspora has been in power in the Malaysian political system which is based on the ethnic model. Thus, by holding high-level political positions they could act and more easily promote the economic and political interests of both countries—Malaysia and India. They could influence the Malaysian government’s decision in favour of India’s foreign policy interests in the region. Indeed, it is not too far-fetched to say that the Indian Diaspora have emerged as a strategic asset. India could leverage this factor by formulating appropriate Diaspora engagement policies.
Do you think that the Indian Diaspora of Southeast Asia is a strategic asset for India in the region?
I would think so, given geographical proximity, they have maintained economic and cultural links with India for hundreds of years. You have huge temple complexes and a trace of Indian civilization in the social and cultural life of Southeast Asia. Moreover, there are a large number of professionals, political leaders and entrepreneurs who are playing a major role in the host- lands in Southeast Asia. Definitely, Indian Diaspora can be considered as a strategic asset for India.
Malaysian Indians have been a part and parcel of the ruling government of Malaysia since independence. How far have they influenced the Malaysian government in favour of India?
Malaysian Indians have been very supportive of India’s efforts with regard to Malaysia. In 2011, Malaysian Ex-Minister for Works, Mr. S. SamyVellu was appointed as Special Envoy on Infrastucture for India and South Asia, with the aim of promoting trade and economic relations with Malaysia. He has initiated many measures for making Malaysian companies to invest in India. Malaysian companies have already been involved in numerous infrastructure development projects in India.
What kind of expectations and aspirations do Malaysian Indians have from India?
Educational exchange at the student level, and academic exchange at the faculty level should be encouraged. India has opened up its economy which encourages Diaspora to play its due role. Malaysian Indians should be encouraged to invest in India and build smart partnerships for the benefit of both countries. The Indian government could also do more by offering more study fellowships to Malaysian Indian students who may not be able to benefit from similar opportunities in Malaysia.
Indian Diaspora of Malaysia is facing several challenges due to majoritarian politics. What is your say on this?
The present economic model favours the Malay majoriy. So, the minorities -- Chinese and Indians are facing more challenges and difficulties than usual, especially with regard to government employment and promotions. The Malaysian Indians, given that the majority (at least 70%) were of plantation background, have a steeper hill to climb the socio-economic mountain. At the same time, the Indian community should also adopt self-empowerment approaches to improve their standard of living. The more fortunate members of the community have an obligation to help the less fortunate ones. This spirit of unity and self-empowerment also reduces the burden on government to help the Indian poor. As they say, charity begins at home: as the Malaysian Indian community unites to help their own kind, the Government will surely take heed and also contribute to the empowerment of the community to enhance national development, welfare and security. Indian community is fragmented and they should get united for increasing bargaining power.
A majority of Indians are third or fourth generation Malaysian citizens. How do they prefer to call themselves as Indian Malaysians or Malaysian Indians?
According to me, I prefer the phrase ‘Malaysian Indian’. I think that they should be identified as Malaysian Indians because they have become citizens of Malaysia. The nation comes first, and these 3rd or 4th generation Indians have sometimnes little or no connections with the land of birth of their ancestors. Malaysia is the only country they know, and where they are full citizens.
What is the relevance of the Malaysian Indian Congress(MIC) to the Indian community after the HINDRAF’s (Hindu Rights Action Force) induction into the ruling coalition?
The MIC did not perform well in the last election (2013). They also did badly in the 2008 General Election. Their representation has gone down. The Indians who are belonging to opposition have more representation in the Malaysian Parliament than MIC. It is no longer the sole party which represents the Malaysian Indian community. Previously, MIC was allocated money to distribute it for Indian welfare programmes. At present, this is not so. The Malaysian government, after the 2008 GE fiasco, decided that other organizations should be approached and supported. One such NGO which receives direct funding from the Government is the Sri Murugan Centre which was established in 1982, and has demonstarted a a good track record of connecting with the grass-roots. So, MIC is not the only a channel today, there are various other channels that are available to promote the welfare of Malaysian Indians (over 2 million) of which 85% are ethnic Tamils.
HINDRAF has been inducted into the ruling government. Mr. P. Waythamoorthy has become a deputy minister in the Prime Minister’s Deparment. Do you think HINDRAF can deliver to the Indian community?
In the beginning, HINDRAF was obliged to act on its own as the MIC was reluctant to recognize it as a movement promoting Indian welfare, especially the depressed sector. Prime Minister Najib Razak had sufficient wisdom to recognize some of the strengths of the HINDRAF movement, especially its commitment to uplift the welfare of poor Indians and to tackle urban poverty, as many thousands of plantation workers migrated to the urban areas with little or no skills after their estates were framented or closed down. There is also the lingering problem of several thousand stateless Indians (people born in Malaysia but without proper documents to facilitate processing their applications for Malaysian citizeship). Mr. Waythamoorthy should be given time to deliver, as he too had to confront the dilemma of the cost-benefit approach of whether it is better to serve the Indian cause outsideGovernment or inside the Government. He has chosen the latter, and we should give him a chance and enough time to deliver on the programmes which inspired him to form HINDRAF. Undoubtedly, HINDRAF has raised political awareness among the working class Indians.Empowerment has two sources: internal source (self-empowerment) and external source (Government and other agencies including the private sector). With commitment and a focused approach from all sides, there is hope for raising the socio-economic performace of Malaysian Indians in relation to all Malaysians.
K.S. Nathan was born and educated in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He is currently a Principal Fellow at the Institute of Ethnic Studies (KITA) in the National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor. He served as Director of the Institute of Malaysian & International Studies (IKMAS) in UKM from 1st January 2011 until 1st April 2013. Dr. Nathan has also served as the first President of the Malaysian International Affairs Forum (MIAF), and the Malaysian Association for American Studies (MAAS), both of which were founded in l983. Dr. Nathan was also a Visiting Scholar at several leading academic and research institutes in the world. He can be contacted at [email protected], [email protected]
Interview Date: Sunday, Nov 17, 2013
Person Name: Dr. K.S. Nathan
Social Network among Filipinos diaspora is very strong: Dr. Rowell D. Madula
Student Mobility is necessary to address the Economic and Demographic Challenges of EU, says Greek Ambassador Raptakis
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Home > I’m Still Standing – The Music of Elton John
I’m Still Standing – The Music of Elton John
I’m Still Standing – The Music of Elton John is a musical celebration of the legendary 50 year career of Sir Elton John. Featuring all of his greatest hits performed by the outstanding Joel Buckingham and backed by an amazing live band. No show about Elton John would be complete without the outrageous outfits and glasses which have become a signature of his live shows from the early 1970’s right up to the modern day.
Elton John has sold over 366 million records and is also credited with the biggest selling single of all time. His unique blend of pop and rock styles turned him into one of the
biggest icons of the 20th century. Alongside his stellar solo career he has also found time to compose scores and songs for several West End Musicals including the award winning Billy Elliot and movies such as the much acclaimed The Lion King. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of fame in 1994 and knighted in 1998.
Joel Buckingham takes on the task of recreating the Elton John live experience. Joel was born with a similar timbre to Elton John and just like his hero began piano lessons as a child. A decade on cruise ships as a professional musician saw him hone his craft and in the ensuing years he has performed worldwide as Elton John including packed houses at venues as prestigious as Alexandra Palace.
With one of the hottest bands in the UK comprising of hand picked musicians at the top of their game and a camaraderie that is evident in both their playing and performance on stage. The band members have performed with the Johnny Cash Roadshow, Tears for Fears, We Are the Champions (Westend Show) and many more. The show features both live and studio arrangements of Elton John’s performances carefully arranged by experienced Musical Director Martin Bentley.
Show producer Ash Sethi ensures that both the performance and staging are of the highest level in order to further the impression of watching the real Elton John live. The challenge of writing a show that covers 5 decades and multiple costumes was blending it all together. This has been achieved with strong imagery throughout the show aided by the use of projections both on the screen and even the piano itself. Recreated audio snippets add to the atmosphere of each decade and combine with the visuals to set the perfect backdrop for each era of Elton John’s long career.
The show takes you through an incredible legacy of great songs and music and features all the hits including Crocodile Rock, Rocket Man, Candle in the Wind, Don’t Go Breaking My Heart, Sacrifice, Daniel and The Circle of Life.
“Amazing tribute to Elton John.”
Mark Ritchie – The Stage
“6000 people just had a great night!”
Claire Watson – Alexandra Palace
“Joel’s performance as Elton John is staggeringly close to the real thing.”
The Weekly Herald
“At the end of the show the audience rose to their feet for the ovation, they didn’t want it to end.”
Dont miss it! Book online
Booking tickets online is easy and secure
Theatrecard / Blue Light / Senior £1.50 off
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Home / Bear River Massacre / Getting to Know Darren Parry (Part 1 of 9)
https://media.blubrry.com/gospeltangents/p/content.blubrry.com/gospeltangents/480-Parry4congress.mp3
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I’m excited to have my first congressional candidate on the show, Darren Parry. We’ll talk about Darren’s unsuccessful bid to become congressman in Utah’s 1st Congressional District, but more importantly we’ll talk about his book, “The Bear River Massacre: a Shoshone History.” Darren is the great-great-great grandson of Chief Sagwitch, one of the few people who survived the Bear River Massacre in southern Idaho in 1863. January 29 marks 158 years since the massacre. We’ll get more acquainted with Darren.
Darren: My name is Darren Parry. I’m the former chairman of the Northwestern Band of Shoshone Nation. I’m former because I stepped down as Chairman to run for Congress, a failed attempt. A Democrat in the First District isn’t such a good thing. It was a good experience. I won’t do it again, but it was a good experience.
GT: Let’s talk a little bit about your campaign. It’s probably a painful thing.
Darren: No, it’s not at all, actually. I’m a realist. I realized a long time ago that if I was going to run for Congress as a Democrat, there was a great chance, I’m not going to win. But it was important to me to meet people, and give people a choice, a good choice and talk about issues that are important to me and, I think, important to a lot of people that live in the First District, probably not the majority. I felt like we moved the needle a little bit on what’s important. So, in that respect, I ran a really clean campaign. Everything was issue-based. I felt really good about it at the end. That’s why I thought, “Man, I met some great people, too,” that I think will be able to help me with the Interpretive Center and other places that I probably wouldn’t have met, had I not run. So it’s all good.
Darren: This book [The Bear River Massacre: A Shoshone History] really came about because of my grandmother. She was our tribal historian. She was a keeper of our sacred records. It was always important to her that she shared her culture with people. I know she wanted to write a book. She got Parkinson’s disease towards the end and she just ran out of time. But she did one thing that really saved our tribe and our culture. She started writing down all of the stories that she’d heard from her grandfather Yaeger. She was a product of the boarding schools. She went to boarding school in California. She used that as an opportunity, though, to get educated and learn the white man way of learning. She came home, went to Bear River High School, and then on to LDS Business College where she got a degree in English, which helped her to write. Even though she didn’t get to really publish a book like this, she had all these notes and handwritten notes and typed notes. Back then, it was a typewriter. You’re banging out keys, making the carriage go back. She had just volumes of these notebooks that she wrote about our people and the culture and the stories. I found some stories the other day that I haven’t seen for a long time about how the bald eagle became bald, and how the porcupine got its quills. It’s like, wow! I mean, it was just more information that she’d worked on and she knew her whole life, but she wanted to make sure that when she passed away that it was available for everybody.
Darren: When I talk and speak to groups, I always make this comment. “When an old Indian dies, a library burns.” When you’re talking about oral history, and oral culture and knowledge that is in our elders’ heads, when that elder dies, if they haven’t written it down, or if they haven’t videotaped themselves, that knowledge is lost to the world. So, the fact that my grandmother had the ability to see what writing down these stories would do, is really remarkable. So, when she died, as I got older, I just got thinking about it, and it was probably her on the other side, prodding me along. But I just felt like I needed to finish her project. So, it’s a book about our people, how they lived, what the coming of the pioneers did to them, and how they tried to get along and how things led to the massacre of Bear River. Not only that, she made a point that she wrote quite a bit about the conversion of the Shoshones to the Mormon religion. All of that serves as a backdrop of what’s in my book, is a lot of her writings, and a lot of my thoughts on the massacre and the conversion of our people and letting people know that we’re still here. We’re still a tribe, and we’re still alive, and we have a culture that’s rich. We have a language that’s still strong. The story isn’t a really bad massacre of our people. The story is about resiliency. The story is about how we are still adapting today to the world that we live in. We’re still here, and we’re going to be here for a long time.
Check out our conversation….
Don’t miss our previous conversation with Will Bagley about the Bear River Massacre.
452: Bear River Massacre (Bagley)
Categories: Bear River Massacre, Church History, Darren Parry, GT Podcast, iTunes, Mormon History, murder, Native American Mormons, Native American-Mormon relations, Racial Stereotypes
Previous post: Church History Library (Part 5 of 5)
Next post: Native Life Before Pioneers (Part 2 of 9)
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Scarborough Fair/Canticle
Produced by Bob Johnston
Album Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme
Scarborough Fair/Canticle Lyrics
Are you going to Scarborough Fair?
Parsley, sage, rosemary, and thyme
Remember me to one who lives there
She once was a true love of mine
Tell her to make me a cambric shirt
On the side of a hill, in the deep forest green
Tracing of sparrow on snow-crested ground
Without no seams nor needle work
Blankets and bedclothes the child of the mountain
Then she'll be a true love of mine
Sleeps unaware of the clarion call
Tell her to find me an acre of land
On the side of a hill, a sprinkling of leaves
Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme
Washes the grave with silvery tears
Between the salt water and the sea strands
A soldier cleans and polishes a gun
Tell her to reap it with a sickle of leather
War bellows blazing in scarlet battalions
Generals order their soldiers to kill
And gather it all in a bunch of heather
And to fight for a cause they've long ago forgotten
About “Scarborough Fair/Canticle”
“Scarborough Fair” is a traditional English folk ballad, detailing a list of tasks the speaker gives to his former lover to earn back his love, which are impossible to achieve (probably intended as a way of saying they’ll never get it back). Paul Simon became aware of the song during his time in England, thanks to singer Martin Carthy, who had covered it in his first album.
Simon and Garfunkel made an arrangement of their own for “Scarborough Fair” while interpolating in counterpoint an earlier song of Simon’s, “The Side of a Hill”. The lyrics had some changes and so the song was renamed “Canticle”.
Originally released in Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme, for which it gives its title, the song reached the peak of its popularity when it was made a single in 1968, after being included in the soundtrack of The Graduate, reaching #11 in the Billboard Hot 100 chart and #9 in the UK Singles one.
Who wrote the canticle part?
Paul Simon. The song, titled “The Side of a Hill”, is from his first album, The Paul Simon Songbook, though he made some small lyric changes for the “Canticle”.
"Scarborough Fair/Canticle" Track Info
Written By Paul Simon & Traditional
Release Date October 10, 1966
Sampled In
Crazy F*** by Joe Hawley (Ft. Laurel Stucky & Vomitron)
Interpolates
The Side Of A Hill by Paul Simon
Scarborough Fair by Traditional
Cover By
Scarborough Fair by Gregorian
Scarborough Fair/Canticle by Bobbie Gentry & Glen Campbell
Scarborough Fair by Dan Avidan & Super Guitar Bros
Scarborough Fair by Wes Montgomery
Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme Simon & Garfunkel
1. Scarborough Fair/Canticle
2. Patterns
3. Cloudy
4. Homeward Bound
5. The Big Bright Green Pleasure Machine
6. The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin’ Groovy)
7. The Dangling Conversation
8. Flowers Never Bend with The Rainfall
9. A Simple Desultory Philippic (Or How I Was Robert McNamara’d into Submission)
10. For Emily, Whenever I May Find Her
11. A Poem on the Underground Wall
12. 7 O’Clock News/Silent Night
13. Patterns - Demo
14. A Poem On The Underground Wall - Demo
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Places to Visit in Torpoint, Cornwall
Mount Edgcumbe House & Country Park
Cremyll
PL10 1HZ
Mount Edgcumbe House & Country Park online: information and bookings
Across the water from the historic city of Plymouth lies the great Cornish House and Gardens of Mount Edgcumbe.
Built nearly one hundred years before the Mayflower set sail in 1620, the Tudor style mansion stands at the top of an equally ancient double avenue of trees.
The Mount Edgcumbe family can trace back their Devon ancestry over 500 years. It was a timely match when Piers Edgcumbe married Joan Durnford in the 15th century and thus acquired the land on which Mount Edgcumbe now stands. It created an opportunity to build a house of a size and stature befitting of a increasingly influential family and placed the family seat firmly on the main route for travel between Cornwall and the rest of England.
The House was built between 1547 and 1553. For the first time in England a house was built to take advantage of the situation and views rather than as a defensive house built around a courtyard. It was to see many changes to its structure over the years, but none more dramatic than in 41, when the House was gutted by enemy action. 1958 saw the beginning of reconstruction when the House was restored to its original 16th century proportions and over the following years the interior was restored to the 18th century style, in keeping with the furniture and family treasures it holds, all of which have family connections.
Generations of the family too were eager to exploit the many gardening and landscaping ideas which emerged over the years, and gradually their isolated windswept Cornish headland was transformed into the sumptuous gardens and sea-girt woodlands which are known today. Now holding a Grade I listing.
The formal gardens were created over 200 years ago in the English, French and Italian styles, they have recently been added to with an American Plantation and a New Zealand Garden too, both of which countries have strong family connections.
Despite all the troubles that have beset the House and landscape in the past 500 years, Mount Edgcumbe is to its many visitors a very special place to visit.
Historic House, Gardens, Restaurant, Tea Room, , Orangery , Disabled facilities
WEDDINGS IN TORPOINT, CORNWALL
We offer you flexibility for your Wedding Day
You have the choice of 3 licensed rooms for the ceremony within the House :
This stunning marble floored central room has an imposing staircase. A magnificent entrance for a Bride. Maximum number 80.Hiring the Gallery in conjunction with the Great Hall can give you more flexibility with your numbers.
A very light and gracious room with a grand piano.Splendid views into the Earl's Garden and beyond to Plymouth Sound. Maximum number 80.
A delightful room for a smaller group.Views into the gardens and parkland. Maximum recommended number of guests 25
House and Earl’s Gardens – Suns-Thurs & BH Mons Apr-Sept Parkland and formal gardens – Every day
Go Back to Cornwall?
More Places to Visit in Cornwall?
Places to Stay near Mount Edgcumbe House & Country Park
Cliff House, Kingsand
The Halfway House Inn, Kingsand
Wringford Down, Cawsand
The Edgcumbe Arms, Torpoint
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Season Over: Texans’ Will Fuller Out With Torn Knee Ligament
Filed Under:Football Injury, Houston Texans, knee ligament, Miami Dolphins, nfl, wide receiver, Will Fuller
HOUSTON (AP) — Texans receiver Will Fuller has a torn knee ligament and will miss the rest of the season, a big blow to a team that has won five in a row and is coming off a high-scoring victory.
He was injured during the fourth quarter Thursday night against Miami when he became entangled with a defender and tumbled to the ground.
Will Fuller #15 of the Houston Texans is tended to by the training staff in the fourth quarter against the Miami Dolphins at NRG Stadium on October 25, 2018 in Houston, Texas. (Photo by Tim Warner/Getty Images)
Coach Bill O’Brien said Friday he doesn’t know when Fuller will have surgery to repair the anterior cruciate ligament in his right knee.
“I’m very disappointed for Will because Will’s a great guy,” O’Brien said. “He’s really been playing at a high level.”
Fuller had a season-high 124 yards receiving with a 73-yard touchdown on Thursday before the injury. He had 503 yards receiving and four touchdowns in seven games this season. The third-year player was a first-round pick in 2016.
The Texans ran up a season-high 42 points against the Dolphins and have recovered from their 0-3 start to the season. At 5-3, they are leading the AFC South.
“If you go through every team, everybody’s dealing with injuries,” O’Brien said. “It’s such a cliche, but the coaching staff, the players, we all have to pitch in and figure it out and figure out how we’re going to construct the offense. And maybe some things will be the same and maybe some things will be a little bit different.”
The loss of Fuller is the latest setback for a team which played without receiver Keke Coutee on Thursday night. The rookie, a fourth-round pick, injured his hamstring last Sunday against Jacksonville after missing the first three games of the season with a different hamstring injury.
Since Houston doesn’t play again until a trip to Denver on Nov. 4, there is a possibility that Coutee will be healthy by then.
“We’ll see where he’s at … he’s a guy who had been playing well for us, and hopefully he can come back at some point,” O’Brien said.
Coutee has 21 receptions for 196 yards and a touchdown this season.
“Keke’s a very versatile guy,” O’Brien said. “You’ve seen us put him in the backfield. He’s played on the outside and obviously he plays on the inside. So he’s got versatility. A little bit different than Will, no doubt about it. Every guy’s different. But he does a lot of (good) things.”
With Fuller out, the Texans could look for increased production from Sammie Coates and Vyncint Smith or get their running backs and tight ends more involved in the passing game.
O’Brien also didn’t rule out the possibility of the Texans signing a player to help fill in.
“I know there’s guys in the locker room that can do certain things,” O’Brien said. “Obviously if they could do them like Will, they would have been out there like Will. But there’s definitely guys who can do some things. We’ve got a lot of good players in that locker room.”
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CORPORATE VISAS
Zainab & Adnaan
Firus & Devi
Siti & Jason
Shar & Syakirah
Richard & Savuti
New Zealand Citizens
Sep & Bee
Carol Flowers
Resident Return Visas
Lisa Reed
Ross & Vicki
MEET LISA & GLEN REED
Lisa from Perth is in her 50s and was born in New Zealand, however she has lived a very transient lifestyle, spending long periods in both the US and Australia.
Although Lisa lived in Australia and has spent more time here than her birth country, she wasn’t a resident. Her aim was to achieve permanent residency status in Australia, but her background was far from straightforward.
Lisa’s Nomadic Lifestyle
In her 20s and 30s, Lisa spent time between Australia and New Zealand as many people do, until she finally ended up as a yacht broker in Fort Lauderdale in Florida. However, she often travelled back to New Zealand for extended periods.
Whilst in the US, Lisa meet Glen and they had a daughter together. Lisa then moved with her family from Florida to Connecticut. However, coming back to New Zealand for six weeks so her father could meet his granddaughter for the first time, she started to reconsider whether she really wanted to be so far from home.
“What sets Home of Visas apart is that they made time for me. It was a very professional service, but you were treated so well, you felt part of the family. It’s really not worth trying to secure a visa on your own, you need the experts.”
The Pull of Home
Lisa decided she didn’t want to live out the rest of her life in the US and wanted to be closer to her ageing father, so she made the brave decision to move to Australia.
“It just felt natural for me to make my base in Australia. I’ve lived here for so many years and I have a Tax File Number. Glen comes over every year for three months. He has flexibility with his job to do that.”
Jasmin, Lisa’s daughter, has New Zealand and American citizenship but Lisa wanted permanent residency for her too. Her dream was to have all three of the family living together in Australia, but as she didn’t have permanent residency in Australia, it was unclear how that could be achieved.
Australian permanent residency
When we met with Lisa for the first time and discussed her background, we knew if there was a way we could get her permanent residency status, it would then present a viable pathway for her partner Glen and Jasmin to also become Australian permanent residents. This would then, in time, open up citizenship opportunities for the family unit.
“Zahirah and Fizah Ismail realised that I had spent time in Australia in my younger years. Fizah advised that I may eligible for a Resident Return visa, because I’d visited here prior to 1984. The process to secure that visa was straightforward, and I always felt reassured in everything they did.”
Lisa had reached out to other migration agencies before but never felt confident in their offer.
“The next piece of the journey is to secure a visa for Glen so we can be a family unit. I want him here all year round, not just three months of the year. I am now a resident, and will hopefully progress to citizenship, which opens up opportunities for Glen to join us.”
Lisa is in no doubt she will be using Home of Visas again.
“I didn’t have the time or desire to experience the highs and lows of doing it myself. I expect to be using Home of Visas for all our needs in the future.’
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Horses All The Way Down
Author Archives: David Smallwood
Posted by David Smallwood in Industry Comment, Music Monday
Band Names, Industry Comment, Music Monday, Slaves
“Slaves are generally expected to sing as well as to work.”
– Frederick Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom
There are presently two bands that go by the name Slaves that are made up of white men, one from the US and one from the UK. The US band has vowed to rebrand following the release of their latest album, To Better Days, although their UK namesake has no such plans.
The two bands have both put out statements regarding their names, the US one in June 2020 and the UK one all the way back in May 2015. The two statements contain many similarities; the origin of their names, how they have evolved, the purpose of their music; but they reach different conclusions about how to move forward:
Slaves (UK): “Our band name relates to people not being in control of their day to day lives. […] Our name and music is aimed at being a slave to day to day life and routine, it is a metaphorical use of the word. […] we are all slaves in this modern age, whether it be to our jobs, corporations, social media or society in general.”
Slaves (US): “The name ‘Slaves’ was conceived as a reference to the band’s battle with substance abuse in the past, to the idea that we became enslaved by our addictions and by our own demons.” Lead vocalist at the time, Jonny Craig, also described the origin of the US band’s name in an interview after they had formed: “Men have been enslaving men for as long as we’ve had gods to hide behind. Every man is a slave to what we love — whether it be women, drugs, music or sports.”
Both bands chose the word ‘Slaves’ because it represented their respective struggles in a figurative sense, the UK band in 2012 and the US band in 2014. It is unlikely the US band were aware of the UK band when they formed because the latter did not become widely known until the release of their 2015 debut album, Are You Satisfied? and its subsequent nomination for the Mercury Music Prize. As music attorney Bob Celestin noted in a Rolling Stone interview about Lady A’s name change, which was discussed in a previous blog: “This problem with [the same] names is not too common, because it’s easy to do a Google search.”
The two bands also agree on the purpose of their music:
Slaves (UK): “The music we make is motivational and aimed at people personally as well as collectively.”
Slaves (US): “Our goal has always been to tackle these difficult subjects head on, as well as to build a community and share stories of hope to let others know that their inner demons can be defeated.”
Both claim their music encourages people to metaphorically emancipate themselves, but their conclusions diverge, as the UK band is gearing up for a defence of their appellation while the US band is prefacing an apology and announcing their upcoming name change:
Slaves (US): “This definition of the name neglects to take ownership of its racial connotations. As obstinate supporters of the BLM movement, we cannot continue to tie our music and our positive message to a word associated with such negative weight and hurt.”
Slaves (UK) “On this point we would like to highlight the Oxford dictionary definition of the word Slaves; “(Especially in the past) a person who is the legal property of another and is forced to obey them.” As you can see, there is no mention of race. All different slave trades could be discussed now, but it would be futile.”
One reason for the different responses is their nationalities. The US has a long history of confronting racial issues, from slavery to the Civil War to Civil Rights to the modern Black Lives Matter movement, so there is an awareness of the term ‘slaves’ referring to African Americans embedded in the culture in a way it is not in the UK, despite the latter’s instrumental role in the Atlantic slave trade. The uproar over Edward Colston’s statue being toppled and thrown into Bristol Harbour proved that the UK has yet to seriously reckon with this ugly part of its history.
Although the US band say they are changing their name because they are “obstinate supporters of the BLM movement”, there are other advantages. One was the departure of lead vocalist, Jonny Craig, who had been the only permanent member, as bands often change their name when they get a new singer, and he was also the one to explain the origin of their name. It also avoids confusion with the UK band. It is difficult to estimate the outfits’ comparative popularity, but at time of writing, the UK band has 922,594 monthly listeners on Spotify and the US band has 515,222, it will help cut through the noise of internet search results.
Before these two bands came to be, there had previously been a band of white men called Slaves from 1997 to 2000, forming from members of The VSS and becoming Pleasure Forever in 2000. In an interview with online publication, Westword, drummer Dave Clifford gave his explanation for choosing the name: “I’ve also always been intrigued by the human will toward slavery. This isn’t any new revelation, but more of an artistic interpretation of Wilhelm Reich’s writings about fascism and human nature. We all seek authority figures, whether to ultimately rebel against them or for the comfort of having someone make our decisions for us. Ultimately, all of us are slaves to one thing or another, and we all revel in that.”
What Clifford is referring to is a hypothesis put forward by Wilhelm Reich in his book, The Mass Psychology of Fascism. Reich contended that the suppression of sexual desire in a patriarchal society created an anxiety that manifested in the political sphere as a propensity for authoritarian idealism. The patriarchal family is therefore the most fundamental of the institutions supporting fascism, whether the resulting internalised desire for an authority figure was unconsciously followed, or, as Reich proposed, consciously fought against through a revolutionary sexual politics. Reich would later go on to obfuscate this fascinating idea with baffling pseudoscience based around the debunked concept of the ‘orgone’, which he claimed to have discovered, and makes any attempt to research it on the internet lead you down the rabbit hole of conspiracy theories and online lunacy.
In an interview with the Phoenix New Times, Clifford explained why they chose to stop using it: “The name ‘Slaves’ was easy to be misinterpreted, and didn’t fit what we were doing [at that point]. We were addressed as ‘The Slaves’ a lot, like we were saying as a band, ‘We are slaves,’ like getting into some victim ideology. The real, actual impetus for the name was an interest in slavery as an idea, the different forms it can take — as part of something that’s human will, or an external force that guides someone’s life. That was more involved and heady, and that was difficult to get across.”
To avoid confusion, they could have called the band ‘How humanity’s repressed sexual desire subjugates people to authoritarian idealism and other implications of the word slaves’ but it’s difficult to fit that onto a bass drum.
The three bands independently chose the name because of the sheer all-encompassing nature of the how the term can be applied. In these statements, people are described as being enslaved to day to day life and routine, jobs, corporations, social media, society, personal demons, women, drugs, music, sport, family, authoritarian thinking and fascism.
Remember that each of these three bands used a version of the phrase ‘we are all slaves.’ To explain their name. The 1997 to 2000 band: “all of us are slaves to one thing or another”; Slaves (UK): “we are all slaves in this modern age”; Slaves (US): “Every man is a slave to what we love”. Aside from the androcentric formulation in the last quotation, the same basic idea crops up in each of their explanations.
As the UK band noted, slavery has happened to many peoples. In fact, the the foundation of music is tied-in to the history of slavery, as Ted Gioia noted In an interview with the Syncopated Times about his book, Music: A Subversive History:
“Take for example the most basic building blocks of music, our musical modes. These simple scales are usually the first thing students are taught when they study the theory of Western music. And each mode has a name. So students learn about the Lydian mode or the Phrygian mode, but no one ever tells them that the Lydians and Phrygians were the slaves who performed music in ancient Greece. These enslaved outsiders came up with the most exciting and disturbing sounds—so much so that the Greeks became very concerned about controlling which modes people were allowed to hear.”
However, slavery is not just “(Especially in the past)”, as the OED so quaintly puts it, but often used in contemporary parlance as part of the phrase ‘modern day slavery’, which has been used to describe, among others, kafala workers in the Middle East, debt bondage in South Asia and sex-trafficking in Eastern Europe. It may initially bring to mind the enslavement of African Americans, but that is a bias of the present moment and Western culture. The word ‘slaves’ has had and continues to have hundreds of other connotations throughout the world and throughout history. It is why three bands chose the name separately and why yielding to pressure to change it, subjugating themselves to the will of others, only makes the original moniker more appropriate.
John Lennon – Imagine
Posted by David Smallwood in Music Monday, Song Analysis
Imagine, John Lennon, Music Monday, Song Analysis
“Give up sainthood, renounce wisdom
and the people will be a hundred times happier.
Throw away morality and justice
and people will do the right thing.
Throw away industry and profit
and there will be no thieves.”
– From Chapter 19 of the Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu
In a recent survey conducted on behalf of the book series, Little People, Big Dreams, it was found that 15% of children aged six to 16 had never heard of John Lennon and a third of them did not know why he was famous. Imagine, the most well-known of his solo offerings, is one of the reasons why Lennon was famous not just as a member of The Beatles.
Imagine by John Lennon is not, as the title would suggest, a song about imagination. It is concerned with reality without the imposition of human preconceptions. The means of achieving peace it advocates is not idealistic dreaming, but rather the unlearning of several ideas that have been invented by humankind, and which have become so entrenched in society that it is difficult to imagine a world without them.
“Imagine there’s no heaven…”
This is a strange line to open a song about a desired world peace. Surely heaven is a positive idea, or, at least, not detrimental to society? Lennon, however, is not singing about a utopia. He is proposing a world that no longer needs heaven because life is enough. As Douglas Adams said: “Isn’t it enough to see that a garden is beautiful without having to believe that there are fairies at the bottom of it too?”
The first verse continues:
“It’s easy if you try
Above us, only sky.”
Heaven and hell are the concepts in the song most demonstrably the imagined creation of humankind. The existence of these posthumous destinations for the soul can be neither confirmed or denied because nobody can experience death and return. Lennon is arguing that without the expectation of reward or punishment in the afterlife, people would instead focus on the importance of the journey and living in the moment because life, which it is much harder to argue against the existence of, is all that matters: “Imagine all the people living for today”.
He expands on this theme in the second verse with the line “and [imagine] no religion too”. Like heaven and hell, religion is also the invention of the human mind. (If you are religious, at least admit that the religions you do not follow are such). Religion can have both good and bad consequences. It follows the line ‘Nothing to kill or die for’, so the emphasis is on the negative effects, such as religious fighting, but since he is imagining ‘Above us, only sky’, it is not only these but also the positive repercussions, such as being a good person to get a ticket to paradise, that he imagines not existing.
The second verse begins with the line “Imagine there’s no countries.” Countries are also the invention of humankind. The world is just the world and it is only people that have divided it up into separate entities like a spherical blue-green cake. The world we live in has countries only because of a consensus that they exist, and even then, the boundaries are unstable. Look at Russia reclaiming Crimea in 2014, the fighting between Armenians and Azeris over the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020, and the revelation that President Trump enquired about purchasing Greenland from Denmark in 2019. Sometimes there is no consensus: Kosovo, Israel and Taiwan are all unrecognised by some states.
If this is hard to accept because the idea of countries is so ingrained in how people view the world, a passage in Book III, Chapter VII of Mary Shelley’s The Last Man, when the world population is reduced to less than 100 people journeying from France to Switzerland, might help explain it:
“We first had bidden adieu to the state of things which having existed many thousand years, seemed eternal; such a state of government, obedience, traffic, and domestic intercourse, as had moulded our hearts and capacities, as far back as memory could reach. Then to patriotic zeal, to the arts, to reputation, to enduring fame, to the name of country, we had bidden farewell. […] To preserve these we had quitted England–England, no more; for without her children, what name could that barren island claim?”
Without people, there are no countries. Of course, Lennon is not imagining a world without people but with “all the people living life in peace”. What he dreams of is a world not without humans, but without the delineated borders of countries created by humankind.
The line “Nothing to kill or die for” follows this after “It isn’t hard to do”. Take, for example, the current Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: The two belligerents are fighting over control of the enclave to say “that region is in my country”. If there were no countries and borders imposed on the world by humans, such fighting would never take place and there would be nothing to kill or die for.
The final verse begins with the line “Imagine no possessions”. Possessions do not exist without the human belief in ownership. There are things, and who owns them is, like the borders of countries, a matter of popular consensus and legal definition created by governments, rather than unmitigated truth. The line reminds me of a verse in the Billy Bragg song, “The World Turned Upside Down”:
“The sin of property
We do disdain
No man has any right to buy and sell
The earth for private gain.”
Lennon is asking the listener to imagine a world without the concept of ownership. As the quotation from the Tao Te Ching at the beginning of this piece says: “Throw away industry and profit/and there will be no thieves.”
There is a concept in Taoism called ‘Pu’, most commonly translated as the ‘uncarved block’ but which is perhaps better translated as ‘unworked wood’ or ‘unhewn log’. It refers to natural simplicity without any unnecessary complication or human interference. (It has other connotations, but this is the most relevant to Imagine.) What Lennon is actually asking the listener to do is to return to this state of being, before humans imagined these notions; the afterlife, religion, borders, countries, the concept of ownership, and possessions; to perform a miracle and uncarve the block of life by undoing the layers and layers of concepts humankind has constructed and sewn into the fabric of our perception.
Imagine, therefore, is not about imagination. It is about a reality unencumbered by the intervention of human preconceptions. The children who do not know who John Lennon is, whose minds are yet to be ‘carved’ by the preconceptions of their ancestors, are perhaps the ideal form of this concept, the people who could grow up to make Lennon’s dream a reality. Can you imagine that?
Confederate Band Names in the Court of Public Opinion
Confederate Railroad, Dixie Chicks, Lady A, Lady Antebellum, The Chicks
“What is history? Any thoughts, Webster?”
“History is the lies of the victors,” I replied, a little too quickly.
“Yes, I was rather afraid you’d say that. Well, as long as you remember that it is also the self-delusions of the defeated.”
– Julian Barnes, The Sense of an Ending
In response to the Black Lives Matter movement, Lady Antebellum and The Dixie Chicks have ditched the Confederate allusions in their names and become, respectively, Lady A and The Chicks.
The word ‘antebellum’ refers to the period before a war and commonly to the years preceding the US Civil War. It is often used in the phrase ‘antebellum South’ to refer to the Confederate states and to describe a style of architecture then popular in the region, particularly on plantations where slaves were worked. Given these connotations, it is no surprise the band chose to remove it from their name.
The change of appellation, however, has resulted in a conflict with the Seattle-based African American singer, Anita White, who has been using the name Lady A since the early 1980s, first as part of Lady A & The Baby Blues Funk Band and then in her ensuing solo career. Upon hearing about the change, Lady A (the singer) responded“It’s an opportunity for them to pretend they’re not racist or pretend this means something to them. If it did, they would’ve done some research.”; “now [they] want to take my professional name and brand.”; “I don’t even know how much I’ll have to spend to keep it.” In the American songwriter article, Paul Zollo wrote: “Given that the world knows what that A stands for, to many this change does little more than add extra insult to this ongoing injury.”
Lady A (the band) then apologised and the two parties held talks about co-existing. On receiving the contract offer from Lady A (the band), Lady A (the singer) said “I’m not happy about it. […] Their camp is trying to erase me.” She submitted a counteroffer that either the band would choose another name, or that she would change hers for a $5m fee plus a $5m split between Black Lives Matter, Seattle charities, and a legal defence fund for independent artists.
Lady A (the band) have now filed a lawsuit against Lady A (the singer), which, as Natalie Maynes of The Chicks has said, is ‘kind of going against the point of changing their name’. I would agree with Lady A (the singer): In an effort to eradicate the Confederate reference from the title, they have appropriated the name of a black singer, sued her to use it, and have retained the A as a reminder of what it used to stand for. The tokenism of the gesture implies they believe black lives matter but their actions suggest they think the voices of black musicians do not.
The word ‘Dixie’ also refers to the 11 states that comprised the Confederacy. The Dixie Chicks said they had wanted to change their name “years and years and years ago” but were finally roused to action after they saw someone on Instagram refer to the Confederate flag as “The Dixie Swastika”. Emily Strayer of The Chicks said she saw the image and thought “I don’t want to have anything to do with that.” In contrast to Lady A, The Chicks also reached out to a New Zealand duo of the same name requesting permission to share the moniker and received their blessing. The group also removed the whole word rather than reducing it to an initial, but that may just be because a band called The D Chicks has other unwanted associations.
There were warnings that changes like this had been coming. The band Confederate Railroad were removed from the bill of the Ulster County and Du Quoin State Fairs in 2019, officially because they used the Confederate flag in their logo, but most likely because of their name’s link to the antebellum South. In an interview with Rolling Stone, lead singer Danny Shirley espoused this view, saying he had no intention of changing the name and that the removal was because “You had one political blogger bring it up”.
The larger question in all this is why terms like ‘Dixie’, ‘Antebellum’ and ‘Confederate’, words associated with the side that lost the US Civil War, found their way into the names of bands in the first place. One answer is that the popular perception of what the words meant when the bands were formed has changed: Confederate Railroad are the oldest, starting out in 1987, The Dixie Chicks in 1989 and Lady Antebellum most recently in 2006.
You can trace the change in attitudes through the evolving perception of what the Confederate flag symbolises. The earliest nationwide poll to ask what the Confederate flag symbolised to the public was in 1992, when 69% of all Americans saw it as a symbol of Southern pride. The previous year, a poll of Southerners found that whites thought the flag was a symbol of Southern pride, while blacks thought it was a symbol of racism. As Shirley notes in the Rolling Stone interview, “To us, we were taught that [the Confederate] flag means you like the part of the country you come from.”
But times have changed since Shirley was taught. In June 2020, a poll found that 44% of Americans saw it as a symbol of Southern pride and 36% as a symbol of racism, while a separate survey the following month found that 56% saw it as a symbol of racism and 35% of Southern pride, with those from the South reflecting the national averages at 55% and 36%. Despite the considerable difference in responses, both show that recognition of the flag as primarily symbolising Southern pride has declined over the 30 years.
It is not known whether this change in understanding of what the Confederate flag, the Confederacy and associated terms signify will prove to be a continuing trend or simply a blip. I do not expect the defence of such things ever to entirely disappear: History may be written by the victors, but the self-delusions of the defeated have a tendency to persist.
Jeffrey Lewis – Keep It Chill! (In The East Vill)
Jeffrey Lewis, Keep It Chill! (In The East Vill), Music Monday, Song Analysis
“No, my prophecy will come bright, charging full at the eastern rays of the sun!”
– spoken by Cassandra in Agamemnon by Aeschylus, as translated by George Theodoridis
On 24 March 2020, the singer Jeffrey Lewis posted a video of the song “Keep It Chill! (In The East Vill)” to his YouTube channel. It was a solo piece on acoustic guitar written in response to the COVID-19 outbreak reaching New York and the subsequent shutdown. Just over three months later, many of the worries and fears he enumerated in the lyrics have become eerily prescient.
In the third verse, Lewis predicted that rats are ‘gonna run out of things to eat’ because there’s ‘no one in the street’ and ‘it won’t take long ‘till they’re a billion strong.’ There were more sightings of rats after the implementation of the lockdown in both New Orleans and New York, and the reopening of outdoor restaurants and other eateries in the Big Apple has brought a surge in visible rat activity.
The verse continues with the lines ‘They’re sure the food they’re missing’s/now stored in out kitchens,/so look out, here they come!’. In the UK, a report by Aviva found that there had been a 42% increase in rat infestations for JG Pest Control between January to March 2020 (Q1) and April to June 2020 (Q2), a 120% increase in rodent-related callouts between Q2 2019 and Q2 2020, and that residential rodent cases for the first half of 2020 was equivalent to 90% of cases in the whole of 2019.
Lewis finishes the prediction with the lines ‘So each virus life we save/is gonna die in a mighty rat tidal wave’, which has not happened yet, thank goodness, and may never happen. Recently, however, the first case of tick-borne babesiosis was diagnosed in England. Babesiosis is a disease ticks acquire after they have fed off infected cattle, rodents or deer and then pass onto humans with bites. At present, there is no evidence to suggest this case was because of rodents, but the aforementioned increased human proximity to rats will likely lead to the spread of other diseases.
In the second verse, Lewis forecast that ‘the teeming hordes that can’t take no more is gonna loot the stores and then they’re coming for us’. Following the police killing of the African American George Floyd on 25 May 2020, there was widespread civil unrest that included, but was not limited to, looting, although the vast majority of it was peaceful Black Lives Matter protests. The section is concluded with the line ‘there’s blood that’s gonna spill’, and (graphic content warning) blood did spill, but from police brutality rather than rival looters.
In the fourth verse, Lewis refers to President Donald Trump as the ‘orange clown who runs DC’ and provides a list of actions he expects the leader to take. This begins with the President seeing ‘there’s perfect cause to declare martial laws’. Although he has not, in fact, declared martial law in response to the civil unrest, he has taken it upon himself to use a military general for a photo opportunity, threatened to deploy the National Guard, and sent federal agents in unmarked vehicles to detain protestors. So, while martial law itself has not been invoked, everything but martial law has been.
Later in the verse, Lewis sings that ‘all his Klu Klux kranks/patrol the streets with tanks/saying “Behave and you’ll be spared!”’. The use of ‘Klu Klux kranks’ to make reference to the Klan carries with it the connotations of racism the police have been accused of, and their anonymity, hiding under the hood, also anticipates the anonymity used by the officers in unmarked vehicles.
Lewis follows the ‘perfect cause to declare martial laws’ with ‘and pause elections indefinitely’. On 30 July 2020, the President tweeted: ‘Delay the Election until people can properly, securely and safely vote???’, saying it will be the most ‘inaccurate and fraudulent’ election in history because of ‘universal mail-in voting’. Although later in the verse, Lewis opines that ‘you can’t send mail out’, the coronavirus outbreak means that a lot of people will be choosing to post their ballots. In Nevada, for example, lawmakers are looking to provide every registered voter with a mail-in ballot, much to Trump’s chagrin. The President has dangled this proposition of a rescheduled poll, and although the constitution clearly states that only congress has the power to authorise it, it would not be surprising if he attempted to carry out such a threat.
Another thing Lewis expects Trump to do is ‘call the banks’ and say ‘let’s all join ranks/unless their money might get shared’. The $2.2 trillion stimulus package passed in the senate on 25 March 2020 included a provision of $500bn for businesses in what was criticised as a ‘corporate slush fund’, as well as $400bn in loans for small businesses to be made available through banks and credit unions, which resulted in ‘larger companies with connections to major national or regional banks’ getting ‘priority treatment’. It did, however, include sending cheques to individuals, so Lewis’s fear that ‘you won’t get no bailout’ proved to be unfounded, but not far off, given the unprecedented increase in unemployment and the lapsing of rent protections paving the way for mass evictions.
Lewis also worries that “if the internet’s not a memory yet/it’ll get surveilled outright at will’. On 29 May 2020, President Trump signed an executive order targeting Twitter after it fact-checked one of his tweets. A lawsuit against it has been brought by the Center for Democracy and Technology, claiming the order could ‘discourage other platforms from exercising their free speech rights’. Add Trump’s intention to ban TikTok from the US to the mix, and the internet is not just being surveilled, but the wild west of the world wide web is becoming increasingly regulated.
Despite all of this, Lewis ends the song on a happy note, claiming there is a chance humanity will take ‘total warning about global warming’, that the shutdown will ‘slow greenhouse gases’ and ‘makes things greener and the whole world cleaner’. He also says there could be a ‘full-on call for healthcare for all/and better safety nets rolled out’. The hope is that these calls are answered and, unlike Cassandra, the warnings are heeded, because Lewis’s future-telling hit-rate of ill omens in one song is frighteningly high, so there is grounds for optimism that his harbingers of happier times will be too.
Emmy The Great – Dandelions/Liminal
Dandelions/Liminal, Emmy The Great, Music Monday, Song Analysis
“Funny, although [Malaya] was going through civil war, in lots of ways it was more straightforward than Hong Kong. You’d know where you were most of the time. Not really like that here, is it?”
“No, it’s all about layers here,” I said.
“Layers. That’s a good word for it. Layers.
– John Lanchester, Fragrant Harbour
Emmy the Great’s Dandelions/Liminal, the first single released from her upcoming album, April, is about the final stages of a relationship when you know the end is coming but some of the embers of that first flame still glow. It also examines the dichotomy between societal expectations on the one hand, the natural world and intuition on the other, and the blurred edges between them.
The forward slash in the title gives the song three potential names: it can be either Dandelions, Liminal or Dandelions/Liminal. Dandelions is a concrete noun, while liminal, which can mean either a transitional or initial stage of a process or occupying a position at, or on both sides of, a boundary or threshold, is an abstract adjective. This is a reversal of the expected grammar: an adjective is usually put before a noun to describe it. It also means the title itself has a certain liminality to it, unable to settle on either word or both.
Emmy The Great was born in Hong Kong, a fact mentioned in both the press release for the single and an interview on Sunday Morning Live that aired on 19 July 2020. Having also lived in the UK and New York, Emmy occupies a liminal space where she is able to sing in both English and Cantonese. I first heard her sing in Cantonese when a friend of mine, Laura, and I went to see her at the Village Underground, and Laura identified one song as a version of Faye Wong’s cover of Dreams by The Cranberries featured in Wong Kar Wai’s 1994 film, Chungking Express.
Hong Kong, which was a British colony until 1997, is a liminal space, sitting, historically, if not geographically, on the threshold of East and West. As a special administrative region of China under its ‘One Country, Two Systems’ policy scheduled to last until 2047, it is in the process of changing jurisdiction. At present, with the controversy over its National Security Law, democracy protests, and threats by the Chinese Government to stop recognising the British National (Overseas) passport, it is also a battleground between Western, especially English-speaking democracy and control by the mainland.
The artwork released alongside the single is a diptych of historic photos of Hong Kong, taken from the vantage point of Hong Kong Island and overlooking Kowloon across Victoria Harbour, a natural division within the territory of Hong Kong itself. The photos overlap, so that the leftmost edge of the first photo comprises the rightmost edge of the second photo. This is the same structure as the title, with the word/photo you expect to be on the left appearing on the right. There is also a picture of what I assume is a dandelion on the left-hand photo, although it is hard to tell, and a clash of the natural world and urban settlements in both, but more distinctly in the right-hand picture.
The very first line of the song, ‘Oh it was terrible the trembling/back when the leaves were turning brown’, introduces this idea of liminality. The first clause is backed by tremolo strings, reflecting the trembling in the lyrics as they slide back and forth across the notes, while the second recalls the process of autumn, one of the subjects Emmy has said the album was about in a pinned Tweet.
But there is also the overlap between societal expectation and natural intuition, as demonstrated in the first verse after the first chorus. It opens with the desire to have a leisurely riverside stroll, but undercuts it with the question, ‘Isn’t that what people do?’, transforming it into a romantic ideal the couple is attempting to imitate without the underlying affection required to rekindle those spontaneous early days.
The next line, ‘You say we’ve lost touch with Mother Nature’ follows perfectly on from this, because the natural experience has been subordinated to societal expectation. By the time the final line, ‘And I say, I need to call my mother too’, comes around, we’re back completely to societal convention, away from intuition and without a mention of the natural world, as Emmy needs to use technology to fulfil what is expected of her.
An earlier couplet, ‘Let us dance a little more/they’re playing music in the store’, also deals with the way these two ideas interact, as the primal need to dance is changed once you realise that they are in a store, where that urge is not expected to be satisfied.
In fact, the other person in the song, her lover, acts as a sort of proselytizer for natural world. The three times they communicate are a note to say they are leaving town, saying that they have lost touch with Mother Nature, and that their official line is that heartache is healthy for the body. The last of these is followed by Emmy singing ‘If pain is healthy for the body, baby, you too could have a body like mine’, referring to a real advertising slogan used for several products, most notably for bodybuilding. The ‘official line’ becomes blurred because, depending on whether or not heartache is healthy for the body, the following line could be a validation of their outlook or a sarcastic joke.
This verse also introduces backing vocals singing ‘da da da da da da da’, which, aside from being much more interesting to hear than to read, is the first syllable of dandelions, the other half of the title, repeated as if literally scattering all over the place. Various other text painting techniques are used throughout to evoke this scattering.
The first time Emmy sings ‘scatter all over the place’, the first four syllables are quavers or half-notes, taking up a period of half a beat, and the fifth note, the second syllable of ‘over’ lasts for a dotted crotchet, or one and a half notes. The ‘the’ lasts for one quaver or half note and ‘place’ lands on the first beat of the next 4/4 bar.
The drum pattern also changes during the singing of this phrase, with the snare drum now landing on the first beat, the second half of the second beat and the fourth beat. All that has really happened is that one beat has been dropped and another moved half a beat, but the effect is that the backing seems stretched out, reflecting the scattering, which is further emphasised when combined with the rhythmic pattern of the lyrics.
The second time Emmy sings ‘Scatter all over the place’, the pattern changes. The six notes of ‘scatter all over the’ are stretched equally over the four beats in a set of crotchet triplets. The effect of this is that the words themselves seem to scatter over the beat. The fact that it is a different pattern of notes singing ‘scatter all over the place’ to the previous one calls further attention to the randomness of the scattering dandelions.
This scattering is also reflected in the final passage, where Emmy sings ‘Don’t give me anything except your time’ and a chorus of voices sings ‘scatter all over’. The chorus then echoes ‘your time’ and Emmy takes up ‘scatter all over the place’, so that the words themselves switch places to echo the scattering of dandelions.
The song combines this series of liminal motifs; the bittersweet twilight of a relationship, the inevitable passage of time, the natural changing of the seasons, intuition versus societal norms; into a song that slides effortlessly between conflicts. A breakup song without a breakup is difficult to categorise, to the point where it has a choice of titles, but that’s the point. It’s about the porousness of boundaries, the liminal spaces between layers. That’s a good word for it. Layers.
Jesus Christ 2005 God Bless America – The 1975
Posted by David Smallwood in Music Monday
Jesus Christ 2005 God Bless America, Notes On A Conditional Form, Phoebe Bridgers, Song Analysis, The 1975
“Of footprints left behind Him, in the earthly path He trod,
And how the lowest may find Him, who straitly walk with God,”
From “The Object of a Life” by G. J. Whyte Melville
In The 1975’s Jesus Christ 2005 God Bless America, lead vocalist, Matty Healy, and guest artist, Phoebe Bridgers, take on the personas of people who are concealing their same-sex attraction because it conflicts with their Christian beliefs.
The theme is set out in the opening two verses, where Matty’s character says ‘I’m in love’ twice because he is in love with both Jesus Christ and a boy he knows. In trying to reconcile these supposedly incompatible feelings, he concludes in the opening line of the chorus that ‘fortunately, [he] believes’.
This establishes the idea that he is ‘lucky’ to believe in God. Finding it fortunate to believe in God when it creates a guilt about his same-sex attraction suggests that other people are unlucky and unfortunate not to believe, because they will not have the guidance of God to cope with their feelings.
The line, ‘Searching for planes in the sea’, is likely a reference to Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, which went missing and was never found, even after a thorough search of the oceans it was most likely to be in. The reference means he is searching for something elusive and almost impossible to find, a solution to his dilemma, an answer from God. The quest is ‘ironic’ because planes do not belong in the sea, but also because the searching itself may be for something that is not there to find.
In the third line of the chorus, the characters sing that ‘soil just needs water and a seed to be’, or to exist as a living thing, which in this context also represents the water of life, the Holy Spirit that is needed to nourish the seed of a soul. But, the characters ask, if they turn into a tree, can they be the leaves? What they want to know is whether they can change, whether this part of them they feel but do not want to admit to the outside world, will pass like the leaves that fall away. If they receive the holy spirit, will they be able to alter who they inherently are, what they want to become?
The line in the second verse, ‘for I am just a footprint in the snow’ is a reference to a poem of disputed authorship called ‘Footprints in the Sand’. In the poem, a believer looks back on his life, represented by the titular footprints, in the company of God. For most of his life he sees two sets of footprints in the sand because God walked beside him. When he was at his most desperate and in need of help, however, he sees only one set of footprints. He questions whether at these times God had abandoned him, but God replies that ‘it was then that I carried you’.
In the song, the lyric follows the line ‘I’m in love but I’m feeling low’. The narrator is also at his most desperate and in need of help, but he is only one footprint. There is a greater ambiguity here, for the song exists in a world where God does not explain himself: The single footprint could be because God has abandoned him, or because God carried him, or because there is no God. The fleeting nature of life is further emphasised by the sands of time being replaced by the more ephemeral snow.
Another deviation from the poem’s analogy is that in the song the footprint does not belong to him but IS him. In the poem, the footprints represent the stages of the believer’s life. In the song, Matty’s character is saying is that he is just a stage in his life that will pass; not at a stage, A stage.
An ancient Greek philosopher called Heraclitus is famous for saying that you can never step in the same river twice. This is true because the water you are stepping into is constantly changing. It follows that people, composed of the same star-stuff as everything else, are also constantly changing. Matty’s character realises this, and although there is hope in the possibility of change, he also realises the insignificance of his being, which results in him feeling low about his love.
Phoebe Bridgers’ verse is also about sublimating her same-sex desire. She is ‘nice’ when her beloved, Claire, ‘comes round to call’ but will ‘masturbate the second she’s not there’, which adds a second so-called sin. The word ‘nice’ was also used in the first verse, where Matty sang that Jesus is ‘so nice’. The repetition suggests that when Claire comes around, the Phoebe Bridgers character is acting in a godly way, which she immediately stops doing when Claire leaves.
Although it is not mentioned in the lyrics, the year 2005 is part of the title because it was a pivotal year for gay rights. In the UK, the home of The 1975, it was the year that civil partnerships between same-sex couples were introduced, while California, the birthplace of Phoebe Bridgers, became the first US state to legalise gay marriage. It was therefore not just a confusing time for the characters in the song, but also for the statute books. In the UK, partnerships between same-sex couples were legally recognised, but marriages, the domain of the church, were not. Part of the US had accepted gay marriage, but other parts still held out. It also might explain the second part of the title, “God Bless America”, because a part of America had accepted gay marriage while the UK still had yet to do so.
The sound of the instruments being set up at the start of the song create the illusion of immediacy, as if the characters are desperate to articulate their current dilemma. The acoustic guitar also lends the tune a confessional tone. There are muted trumpets in the background, partly representing the trumpets of God and the angels, but because they are muted, also capturing the inability of the two characters to fully express their feelings.
When you think of a duet, especially by singers of opposing genders, you tend to think of love songs: Sonny and Cher’s “I Got You Babe”, Dolly Parton and the late Kenny Rogers’ “Islands in the Stream” and Elton John and Kiki Dee’s “Don’t Go Breaking My Heart”, the latter of which features one of the most famous gay musicians in history, but is still about a heterosexual relationship. In this instance, there are two people of opposite genders singing about their longing for someone of the same gender, subverting the expectations of such a duet.
In short, The 1975’s “Jesus Christ 2005 God Bless America” is a duet between people who are not lovers but share the same internal struggle, a confessional about concealing your own nature and a song of praise caveated by several reservations. It is a mess of contradictions, but by embracing these, it articulates a difficult struggle and becomes a beautiful representation of the truth.
The Emoji Code by Professor Vyvyan Evans
Posted by David Smallwood in Thumbing Through Thursday
Professor Vyvyan Evans, The Emoji Code, Thumbing Through Thursday
“meanwhile the people are dead in their droves
but nobody noticed
well actually
some of them noticed.
You could tell by the emoji they posted.”
– Kate Tempest, From ‘Europe is Lost’ in Let Them East Chaos
Sometimes when I go to my local supermarket on my lunchbreak, I pass a shop selling emoji-shaped backpacks. It is a marker of how ubiquitous they have become that they have escaped the confines of the digital realm and can now be sold, bought and worn as an accessory IRL (‘In Real Life’, for those not savvy to internet abbreviations.).
In The Emoji Code, Professor Vyvyan Evans explores this pictographic phenomenon and posits that Emoji, (capitalised when referring to the system as a whole and not when referring to individual symbols,) rather than substituting for a language, is primarily used in the same way non-verbal gestures, expressions and paralinguistic signals (grunting, coughing, intonation etc.) are used in face-to-face communication. Perhaps a further distinction between physical cues in face-to-face and vocal cues in telephone conversations would have been nice, but since it is not central to the argument, the omission is not a problem.
Evans is very good on historical context and how language is always in flux but I would have liked to have read a comparison to the change between face-to-face conversation and the invention of the telephone, which seems to me the most pertinent previous linguistic transition, as the removal of any facial expression or gesticulation from communication to only words and paralinguistic signals.
He uses plenty of examples and research, with perhaps a little too much reliance on the former, but I doubt there is a wide variety of statistical data available and the anecdotal evidence is, however, illuminating. It is useful to know that some emoji have different meanings in different languages, like that the hands ‘praying’ in the UK would mean ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ in Japan.
Another invaluable insight I discovered from the book, among many others, is that anyone can nominate an emoji, that ‘An individual Chinese-American businesswoman has as much influence as […] an American corporate food-giant.’ Professor Evans states that persons living or dead are not eligible for consideration as emoji, but I know that the footballers Neymar Jr and Paul Pogba were promoted as having them, although they may just be downloadable ‘stickers’ without a Unicode character, so I would venture they are not true emoji. If that is the case, they should not be presented as such in the media. Whether the system will continue to be as democratic as Professor Evans declares it is anyone’s guess.
Because of the resistance to change from those who the author refers to as ‘language mavens’, the book often reads like a defence of Emoji use, focusing on the benefits and none of the downsides. I’m not saying he’s in the pockets of a hypothetical ‘Big Emoji’, but Professor Evans appears to be firmly entrenched on the pro-emoji side.
He points out that Emoji is usually used at the beginning or end of a sentence and is therefore used as a form of multimodality. He mentions people who are actually substituting language with Emoji, such as the artist who rewrote Alice in Wonderland using only the symbols and a journalist who wrote an article the same way, but these are exceptions to common usage. He rarely includes examples where people use single or few emoji, as referred to in the quotation above, where a single emoji is hardly an adequate display of feeling. They may be comparatively rare, but because of the huge amount of usage, might constitute a significant number.
One particular bugbear of mine is the use of the smiley face emoji with tears coming out of the eyes. Like the preceding internet abbreviation for ‘laugh out loud’, lol, which was often used when the person had not actually laughed out loud, how many people are actually crying with laughter when they use this emoji? Is this hyperbole an advantage in communication because it cannot be misconstrued and accurately represents their interior emotion, or is it a disadvantage because it inaccurately depicts the state of the sender? At the present time on emojitracker.com, this particular emoji is the only one to have been used over a billion times. If that many people were actually crying with laughter, we could probably solve any impending water crisis with desalination equipment and the tears of our joy.
What it doesn’t examine is the cause for the lightning-quick proliferation of emoji. My (admittedly speculative) guess would be that although it is not as expressive as video or face-to-face communication, it is more expressive than text, and although they were more convenient than video, previous emoticons and pictograms were not as convenient as text. I would venture that, when the latter obstacle is removed, and each emoji, with some combinatory exceptions, inhabits a single Unicode character and is displayed as an option for predictive text, it is no surprise that Emoji, with its happy synthesis of expressiveness and convenience, has enjoyed such popularity.
In David Foster Wallace’s Infinite Jest, which has aspects of speculative fiction, he explains that videophones never took off because people were too vain to get made up for video calls and would often be distracted during the conversation, which led to them being less popular than the telephone, where the illusion of attention can be maintained. I wonder if something similar is not also happening with emoji. After all, they don’t need to get ready and they never seem distracted.
It is possible you may even be limiting your digital emotional vocabulary by not using emoticons. In the epigram at the beginning of Tony Harrison’s ‘v.’, there is a quotation form Arthur Scargill: ‘My father still reads the dictionary every day. He says your life depends on your power to master words.’ Whether there will be a circumstance in which your life depends on your power to master emoji is up for debate, but that they are useful is hard to question.
On the whole, The Emoji Code is an excellent primer on a young subject and I can wholly recommend it. I expect there will be a more detailed analysis soon, but for now this serves as a great introduction. I have definitely moved from regarding them as occasionally useful symbols to invaluable as a means of modern digital communication and will probably start using them more, which, if not the book’s aim, is at least the effect.
But I’m still not buying a backpack.
Georginio Wijnaldum and the Bullet Header
Posted by David Smallwood in Sport Sunday
Bullet Header, Footymology, Georginio Wijnaldum
“One of the things I did that would indicate my apartness, if it even had developed at that point, was that I would announce baseball games. I remember walking along the street with my cousins, announcing the game, and one of them just slapped me in the back of the head and said ‘shut up’. That didn’t last very long, my sports announcing.”
– Don DeLillo, Interview in The Guardian
If you put your hand over your mouth and say ‘Ronaldo’, it sounds like you’re saying ‘Wijnaldum’.
How I came to discover this scintillating revelation I am unable to disclose because a magician never reveals his secrets and a thirty-one-year-old man never wonders what it would sound like to hear the announcers on an AM radio across the street, places a hand over his mouth to simulate such an imaginary noise and then pretends to join in with the commentary. I am not Don DeLillo indicating my apartness, if only because there are presently no cousins in the vicinity to do me the service of slapping me in the back of the head, about which important organ the majority of this blog concerns.
In the much-anticipated fixture between second-placed Liverpool and third-placed Manchester City at Anfield yesterday, a high-scoring result was expected due to both sides’ lethal attacks and porous defences. The immutable Law of Murphy dictated there would actually be only a solitary goal scored by Georginio, or Gini, Wijnaldum, who I now prefer to think of as the gagged Ronaldo, with what was described by more than one commentator as a ‘bullet header’.
The beautiful game is replete with militaristic terminology – aiming, attacking, armies of supporters – err, – Arsenal – and that’s just some of the As. (Ed: You can’t make both these jokes, the one suggesting you’re struggling to think of examples and the other contradicting the first by suggesting there’s a plethora.) (I can and I will. The reader will understand my inconsistency is sincere.) (Ed: Okay, but on your head be it.) (Ha! That’s good. I’m gonna include this whole conversation.) This particular example of martial lingo infiltrating the parlance of the country’s most popular sport has always struck me, like the bullet that fortunately never has, as particularly misguided.
First, let’s dive like Steven Gerrard definitely never did into a bit of what I shall call ‘footymology’, a portmanteau of ‘football’ and ‘etymology’. According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, ‘Header’ meant executioner or headsman in the mid-fifteenth century, while ‘Bullet’ with its present meaning as ammunition was first used in English in the mid-sixteenth century, meaning that if a time-traveller from these earlier ages heard the phrase ‘bullet header’, he would think it referred to a person whose occupation was shooting people’s heads off, which is a ridiculous role for a footballer. Everyone knows that’s the manager’s job.
When a footballer strikes a ball with his feet, it is called a ‘kick’. When a goalkeeper is unable to catch a ball, he will often scramble to parry it away with his hands, and that is called a ‘punch’, or if he does not have ‘command’ of his arms or the necessary foresight, he will ‘fumble’ it away, or flap at it like the man who was nicknamed ‘Flappy-Hands-Ski’.
If a goal comes off the shin, the player has shinned it, but it is not called a shinner, or if it is it is only to disparage the goal. If a player uses his chest to knock the ball down he has chested it, but it is not called a chester, partly because that sounds stupid and partly to avoid confusion with the Roman city where Hollyoaks is filmed. Shinned or chested are used as verbs but only because the action is unnatural. To the best of my knowledge, nobody goes into hand-to-hand combat with the intention of shinning or chesting someone as far as I am aware, but if there IS such an obscure martial art, I imagine practiced by Zlatan Ibrahimović in order to score dangerous and skilful goals that get disallowed, then I would very much be interested in enquiring further about it. When there is a handball, the questions usually asked are whether it was intentional or whether the hand or arm is in an unnatural position, but clearly your head is never in an unnatural position, unless you have been the victim of the aforementioned ruthless time-travelling bullet-header from the Renaissance.
Neither of the verbs ‘punch’ or ‘kick’ seems to bear any etymological relation to the extremity performing the action in question like the word header does. The hyphenated ‘head-butt’ or just the second half of that word would seem the closest without using ‘header’ but they are simply never utilised: Nobody except Zinedine Zidane in a World Cup Final head-butts in football, and using the sole word ‘butts’ sounds anachronistic and needlessly filthy. (Had I the time and inclination, of which I have far too much of the former and less than a little of the latter, I would create a highlight reel of ‘bullet headers’ to the soundtrack of Sir Mix-A-Lot’s “Baby Got Back”, making sure to include an accidental ‘bullet header’ own goal under the line “And a round thing in your face”.)
Nobody hits a bullet free-kick or bullet penalty, no defender makes a bullet tackle and no goalkeeper bullet punches the ball. The action of a header is not a bullet. If anything the ball is a bullet, the header is the shooting of a shotgun, but ‘shotgun header’ is probably too on-the-nose, or whichever other part of the head from which it is controlled, usually the forehead.
What a ‘bullet header’ implies is a swift and straight trajectory. As far as I am aware, although the bullet’s design may assist with the speed and direction, the gun is very much necessary for these to have any effect. I expect nobody has ever died from having a bullet thrown at them. If anything, the speed and trajectory are related to the barrel of the firearm. ‘Barrel header’, however, sounds like it’s either been rolled in off slanting platforms like the kegs launched at Jumpman by Donkey Kong or luckily gone in like a dipsomaniac managing to get his key in the lock first time.
This leads us to the problem of how best to describe what has previously been called a ‘bullet header’ if shotgun header is too violent and barrel header sounds too clumsy. I therefore propose removing the human volition from the phrase and replacing it with something that is naturally quick and direct: the meteor header.
If you take nothing else away from this blog, let it be this: If you put your hand over your mouth and say ‘Ronaldo’, it sounds like you’re saying ‘Wijnaldum’, and yesterday he scored a meteor header.
The Cyber Effect by Dr. Mary Aiken
Dr Mary Aiken, The Cyber Effect, Thumbing Through Thursday
*I have received a copy of this book as part of a goodreads giveaway*
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way – in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.”
– Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities
The Cyber Effect is a welcome but broad overview of the consequences the rapid expansion of the internet and its accessibility has had for modern psychology, and by extension society.
Although Dr. Mary Aiken often repeats her mantra that the technology itself is neither good nor bad, barring sections of the Cyber-Romance chapter, occasional proposed solutions and the call to arms in the concluding remarks, the majority of the book focuses on the negative effects. The bias is perhaps understandable as Aiken has advised several investigative bodies on cybercrime, has clearly seen some horrific things and is very good on potential remedies. The sections are illuminating, well-written and easy to comprehend, but I wished it had been balanced a little more by the positive attributes like community, charity and crowdfunding. Though I suppose these have been espoused enough elsewhere, the book does create the impression that we are living in the worst of times when, as Dickens says above, it always appears to be both the best and worst of times and a period of great change.
As a consequence of this, Aiken seems certain that the invention of the internet has changed everything and is an unprecedented social experiment. This is evidenced by the Aiken’s tendency to adapt words to include prefixes like ‘cyber’ or ‘techno’. Obviously her subject is ‘cyber’, but personally I think this is overplayed as I do not think there is much new under the sun. It is the prevalence of the medium that has exacerbated certain psychological traits that have always existed. What is unprecedented is the scale rather than the psychology, which, as many of Aiken’s historical examples show, is very much precedented.
Having recently read Lucy Worsley’s ‘A Very British Murder’, I was struck by the similarities between the introduction of the internet and the urbanisation and mass migration to cities during the industrial revolution.
There were several references in the chapter “Frankenstein and the Little Girl” that reinforced this idea to me. Aiken refers to how industrialisation affected child labour and how laws were eventually implemented to protect them as they need to be with the internet. She quotes John Suler as saying “You wouldn’t take your children and leave them alone in the middle of New York City, and that’s effectively what you’re doing when you allow them to go into cyberspace alone.” But New York City has the NYPD to protect its citizens, while early 19th Century London didn’t even have a Metropolitan police. The escalation in crime eventually led to its formation. Obviously I am not advocating that it is okay to leave a child alone in NYC because of the NYPD but rather that the internet, like the growing urban cities of the past, is generating a level of crime that is going to require the creation of a special group tasked to protect people online. The Metropolitan Police have recently set up such a unit, but it is hardly enough to tackle the scale of the problems. She refers to the Bystander Effect, or Diffusion of Responsibility, which is the idea that the more people who witness a crime or emergency, the less likely anyone is to help or respond. Have you ever seen someone in distress in a public place and walked on by? Policing the internet faces the same issue.
Perhaps nothing solidified this correlation to urbanisation for me as much as the story of the two girls who committed murder in the name of Slender Man. You would think such a story would be incredibly modern. One murder some propose as the first of Jack the Ripper’s took place 2 days after the stage play of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde took place in London, some theorising that he drew inspiration from this. Aiken notes the influence of the film Child’s Play on the murder of Jamie Bolger. You could bring up other examples: the Aurora shooting at a screening of The Dark Knight Rises or the man who was inspired to buy ricin from the Dark Web after watching Breaking Bad. As Oscar Wilde once said, “Life imitates Art more than Art imitates life.”
A recent study has even suggested the media reporting on mass shootings actually increases the amount of mass shootings in the following days through the contagion effect. Behavioural contagion often studies crowds, which became more prevalent during periods of urbanisation. I am reminded of Edgar Allan Poe’s story “The Man of the Crowd”, in which a man seems to be constantly part of the crowd. Maybe if Poe were alive today he would have written a story called “The Man of the Internet” about a man who seems to be constantly on the internet. The original story even has an epigraph from 2 centuries earlier, from “The Characters of Man” by Jean de La Bruyère: “This great misfortune, of not being able to be alone.” Perhaps Wordsworth might have begun a poem about the city “I wandered lonely in a crowd.” Sherry Turkle’s TED Talk on being “Connected, but Alone” has the same resonance.
The psychology of the internet is very similar to the concerns people voiced about urbanisation: the proliferation of anonymity where people previously had known the whole community, the disinhibition provoked by this and the accessibility of a wide variety of experiences, not always morally virtuous. Maybe it was because psychology was not yet a discipline when mass urbanisation was happening we do not have the concepts that could be derived from that, but it wouldn’t surprise me that had psychology been an accepted discipline before mass urbanisation that Aiken would have amended the words to begin with ‘urban’ or ‘metropolitan’.
I think some of the psychological effects go back even further. Here’s a quotation put into the mouth of Socrates by Plato in his Phaedrus:
“Their trust in writing, produced by external characters which are no part of themselves, will discourage the use of their own memory within them. You have invented an elixir not of memory, but of reminding; and you offer your pupils the appearance of wisdom, not true wisdom, for they will read many things without instruction and will therefore seem to know many things, when they are for the most part ignorant and hard to get along with, since they are not wise, but only appear wise.”
Doesn’t that description sound like somebody describing the malignant misinformation of the Internet nowadays?
As Jorge Luis Borges wrote in “Borges and I”, the written self and the actual self are always different. Such is it with the cyber self and the actual self. The section on “Cyberchondria” notes how the internet can exacerbate health concerns, but there is a precedent for this as well. At the beginning of Jerome K Jerome’s “Three Men in a Boat”, the narrator goes to the British Museum to find out what his ailment is and diagnoses himself with everything except Housemaid’s Knee. It is a clear case of hyperchondria similar to that described in The Cyber Effect, and Aiken mentions Gray’s Anatomy as previously being potentially used for such a purpose, as well as the fictional example of Hungry Joe in Joseph Heller’s Catch 22.
If we are going to refer to the prevalence of the current problem as ‘cyberchondria’, should we not also retroactively refer to the hypochondria influenced by books as ‘bibliochondria’? If we refer to Munchausen by Internet should we not also refer to Don Quixote as suffering from Munchausen by book? If we refer to the ‘technosomatic effect’, should we not also refer to the bibliomatic effect?
One final minor bugbear: Aiken at one point says “All gathered knowledge of human civilisation is available by using search engines” or will be, but this is hyperbole. There are things in printed books that are not on the internet yet and may never be because of disinterest, people who choose not to record things, or some other factor and all the while information is constantly expanding.
The Cyber Effect tackles such a wide range of issues that I think it is invaluable as a source of information about the psychological repercussions of the internet, but it is far from comprehensive and I wished some subjects had been explored in greater detail. However, as you can see from the above, it was incredibly stimulating and thought-provoking, often with explanations that make you feel like you’ve turned toward the light from Plato’s cave. It has whetted my mental appetite and some subjects I will investigate further, so despite the aforementioned personal gripes, I would recommend it to anyone who wants a little insight into where the world with is wide tangled web that has been woven might be heading.
*This review has also been posted on goodreads*
Posted by David Smallwood in Film Friday
Film Friday, The Hateful Eight
It has been over a month since my last post. I apologise again for this. I do not know how regularly I will be able to keep up the blog but I intend to keep doing it. Just be warned that the updates may be more erratic than originally intended. Here is my latest piece:
Inverting the Tempest
*Spoilers are to be expected*
To say that for destruction ice
– Robert Frost
Part I: Correspondences
While contemplating the theatrical nature of Quentin Tarantino’s latest release, I noticed it bore striking similarities to Shakespeare’s The Tempest. The more I thought about it, the more apparent they became. What surprised me most, however, was that the similarities seemed to correlate so perfectly and the differences seemed so absolutely diametrically opposed as to appear intentional. Below I shall lay out these similarities and differences, followed by more speculative arguments on what this might mean and why Tarantino would have chosen to invert The Tempest and contemporise it with The Hateful Eight.
Prospero’s Books and the Lincoln Letter
The Tempest opens with the eponymous storm, which is revealed in the second scene of the first act to have been caused by Ariel at the behest of Prospero. The magician’s power comes from his books, the volumes that he prizes above his dukedom, which were smuggled to him by Gonzalo when he was exiled. Caliban, when advising Stephano how to overthrow Prospero, knows this:
“First to possess his books; for without them
He’s but a sot, as I am, nor hath not
One spirit to command”
J Middleton Murry notes in his essay ‘Shakespeare’s Dream’ that “There is but one accident in The Tempest, the accident which brings the ship to the island.” Everything after that, including the masque, is his work.
The first chapter of Tarantino’s film shows Major Marquis Warren managing to hitch a ride on The Hangman John Ruth’s stage. Later on, Marquis states that the reason John Ruth accepted him as a passenger was because of the letter from Lincoln, which it transpires he forged. Prospero gets his initial power from books of magic and Marquis gets his initial power from a counterfeit letter from the President. Daisy’s early act of expectoration on the letter is comparable to Caliban’s advice to Stephano to possess Prospero’s books in order to remove his power.
As above, it could be argued that there are only two coincidences in The Hateful Eight; John Ruth’s stagecoach coming across the stranded figure of Marquis, his deceased horse and three bounties; and that same stage coming across the apparent new Sheriff of Red Rock, Chris Mannix. Although it is remarked upon by Ruth as being suspicious, it turns out to be simply chance. Not everything after, however, is the work of Marquis. This is the difference between a master of magic and a mere man.
Prospero keeps his power until the epilogue, but Marquis loses the power he gets from the letter at around the halfway point, when Chris Mannix exposes the letter as a fake. John Ruth then calls it a dirty trick and says it hurt his feelings. He has lost respect for Marquis. As soon as this happens, however, Marquis goes over to General Sandy Smithers and manipulates him into trying to shoot him so he can kill him in self-defence. He uses his mastery of language to try and showcase his power in order maintain control over the rest of the haberdashery’s inhabitants.
The story he relates is like a Tarantino film in miniature. You are not sure if he is serious, the language verges on ludicrous and it uses shocking imagery to provoke a reaction. It is worth noting that although Marquis has lied about the Lincoln letter and within the story lies to the General’s son about giving him a blanket if he performs fellatio on him, he is convincing enough to evoke a reaction from Smithers. His mastery of language is so great that even while he is relating his ability to deceive, he is actually believed. Please note that I do not say his story is a lie, just that all his previous actions would act as evidence to the listener that he would most likely be lying.
Although initially this power play does succeed, it suffers a temporary setback because Marquis has been distracted and has not noticed someone has poisoned the coffee. When this happens, he is quick to make sure the suspects line up against the wall and try to regain power. The threat of being shot is similar to the way Prospero uses the threat of torturous cramps on Caliban and the conspirators, Stephano, Trinculo and Caliban, as well as confining Ariel back in a tree. It is also akin to when Prospero lines up Alonso, Antonio and Sebastian and uses his instrument, Ariel, to gather the usurpers around an imaginary feat and deliver the following speech:
“You are three men of sin, whom Destiny,
That hath to instrument this lower world
And what is in’t, the never-surfeited sea
Hath caused to belch up you; and on this island
Where man doth not inhabit; you ‘mongst men
Being most unfit to live. I have made you mad;
And even with such-like valour men hang and drown
Their proper selves.”
Notably, Gonzalo is also on the stage, just as Chris Mannix is, but it is the three suspects that are gathered into one place. In the scene from the play, Sebastian, Antonio and Alonso draw their swords but to no avail. In the scene from the film, all three suspects have been stripped of their guns and Mannix then switches to the role of Ariel, being supplied with a gun by Marquis.
Unfortunately, Marquis is also unaware that Jody is hiding in the basement, which results in him getting shot in the crotch. Despite this, he manages to persuade Jody to come out from his hiding place by threatening Daisy. It is another example of him using language to show his power. When he suddenly speaks in slow motion, it is because he has lost his power, which came from his language.
The next rebellion comes from Daisy, who tries to use the storytelling to provoke a reaction as Marquis did, getting Chris Mannix to kill Marquis, claiming that the whole gang is on its way and will kill them both unless he sets them free.
However, Marquis has done enough, because he has managed to persuade Chris Mannix that Daisy is lying about the gang and thinks that all that’s left of the gang is in the haberdashery. Daisy’s reasoning with him turns out to be as futile as Caliban cursing Prospero by saying “All the charms/Of Sycorax, toads, beetles, bats, light on you!”, as the person/people who are expected to help are all dead. Combined with her constant slurs it is clear that she does not have the mastery of language that Marquis possesses. The protest only results in Mannix and Marquis cooperating to hang her. This reminded me of Caliban’s speech in The Tempest:
“I must obey: his art is of such power,
It would control my dam’s god, Setebos,
and make a vassal of him.”
Mannix idolised General Sandy Smithers, but he has been controlled by Marquis.
In Act V Scene I of The Tempest, Prospero promises that he will “drown” his book once all his work has been done, essentially meaning he will give up his magic when Ariel has guided them safely back to Italy. At the end of The Hateful Eight, Chris Mannix requests the Lincoln letter from Marquis and he hands it to him. Mannix reads it, says that the final sign off is a nice touch, acknowledging the power of his language despite his opinion of his race, and then scrunches it up and throws it on the floor. This is a depiction of Marquis giving up the power he has exercised over the course of the film.
Eight Years Away From American Slavery
Slavery is a subject of Shakespeare’s final play that became a more prominent interpretation with the advent of postcolonial criticism. Notable examples of this are Aimé Césaire’s adaptation, Une Tempête, (which features Prospero as a white slave master, a mixed-race Ariel and Caliban as a black slave,) and Octave Mannoni’s Prospero and Caliban: The Psychology of Colonisation.
The Tempest was written in 1611, eight years before the first slaves arrived in America. The Hateful Eight is set approximately eight years after the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery, and so there are no slaves. Marquis, however, does share some traits with Caliban, although he is considerably wilier about his use of them.
Caliban is a native of the island, the only person born there, and showed Prospero:
“All the qualities o’ the isle,
The fresh springs, brine-pits, barren place and fertile”
He also makes promises to Stephano:
“I’ll show thee the best springs; I’ll pluck thee berries;
I’ll fish for thee and get thee wood enough.”
“Let me bring thee where crabs grow;
And I with my long nails will dig thee pignuts;
Show thee a jay’s nest and instruct thee how
To snare the nimble marmoset; I’ll bring thee
To clustering filberts and sometimes I’ll get thee
Young scamels from the rock.”
The only person who has any familiarity with Minnie’s Haberdashery within the timeframe of the film is Major Marquis Warren. (Obviously Minnie, Sweet Dave and Six Horse Judy are familiar, but they appear only in a flashback and are all dead by the time the action starts). He is a ‘native’ to the haberdashery in the same way that Caliban is a native to the island in The Tempest.
Marquis notices a sweet on the floor that should not be there, that the stew must have been cooked by Minnie and that Sweet Dave is not in his chair. He also questions Señor Bob’s claim that Minnie left him in charge because he knows that she used to have a sign that said no dogs and no Mexicans, which she only took down because she started letting in dogs, and that Minnie did not allow hats, a rule that many of the haberdashery’s inhabitants seem to have flouted.
The important difference here is that Marquis withholds his knowledge of the haberdashery from those who might abuse it to gain power over him, while Caliban uses it to try and persuade people to side with him, even a drunkard and a fool. It begs the question, in a world without slavery, does Caliban become Prospero?
The Tempest And The Blizzard
Why is The Tempest called The Tempest when the tempest in the play, even though it sets up the rest of the action, is only the first very short scene? Frank Davidson’s essay ‘The Tempest: An Interpretation’ points out that “In the books of philosophy and psychology of the day a not unusual symbol for the passions is a tempest.” Earlier in the piece, he notes that all the revolts in the play “save that of Ariel, who can act under the direction of reason, originate in uncontrolled passions: ambitious desire, anger, hatred, youthful love, cupidity.”
Tarantino inverts this symbolism by using a blizzard which, as the above poem does with ice, he uses as a symbol for hate. It also sets up the action but its presence continues throughout the film. In the play, Prospero’s allaying of the wild waters is an early example of how his actions lead to serenity. In the film, all the major characters are suffused with a perpetual hatred that cannot be changed. Thus, the blizzard continues.
This symbolism is apparent from the opening scene of the film, which features a carving of Christ on the cross, a representation of the ultimate act of love, covered in snow. Just in case the distinction was not clear enough, Oswaldo even has a speech about the dispassion of justice, countered by John Ruth’s hateful maxim: “You only need to hang mean bastards, but mean bastards you need to hang.”
The Last Shakespeare Play, The Eighth Tarantino Film
The obvious question then presents itself: Why is The Hateful Eight called The Hateful Eight when there appear to be more than eight hateful characters? (I do not count O.B., who does nothing that could be considered hateful.) One answer is because it is Tarantino’s eighth film, as he lets you know when the title appears. This depends on the viewer counting the two volumes of Kill Bill as one film, which it was originally intended to be. However, there is a ninth ‘hateful’ character: Jody. He is Daisy’s brother and part of the only familial relationship of the film. I have a theory that this is a joke by Tarantino and that the two siblings represent the two volumes of Kill Bill and therefore count as one of the ‘Hateful Eight’. Shakespeare would never be drawn into such a cheap thing as to reference his own career in a play, right?
Maybe not: Near the conclusion of his essay, ‘The Shakespearean Superman’, G. Wilson Knight comments the following:
“Prospero has been on the island for twelve years; and it is roughly twelve years since the sequence of greater plays started with Hamlet. Before that, Ariel had been imprisoned in a tree for another twelve years; again, roughly, the time spent by Shakespeare in his earlier work’.
Both works draw us toward looking at them as a stage in their creator’s career, as part of their oeuvre. There is also another possibility as to where Tarantino took the title from, although I think it is probably more a coincidence than an intentional homage. Charles Lamb, in his 1811 work ‘On The Tragedies Of Shakespeare’, writes:
“to have a conjuror brought before us in his conjuring-gown, with his spirits about him, which none but himself and some hundred of favoured spectators before the curtain are supposed to see, involves such a quantity of the hateful incredible, that all our reverence for the author cannot hinder us from perceiving such gross attempts upon the senses to be in the highest degree childish and inefficient.”
Obviously there is no magic in The Hateful Eight, but replace it with violence and the comment could easily be made of Tarantino’s film.
The Hateful Eight is also divided into eight sections (six chapters, a prelude and an interval) and, as stated above, it could be set eight years after the Civil War. A possible abbreviation for the film, H8, is an internet slang term for ‘hate’. A neo-Nazi symbol for ‘Heil Hitler’ is 88 because H is the eighth letter of the alphabet, something Tarantino would probably have come across in his research for Inglourious Basterds if he had not already come across it when naming the gang The Crazy 88’s in Kill Bill. I would like to point out that I am not claiming Tarantino is a closet Neo-Nazi; just that it ties in to the theme of hate.
Chapter 3 and Act III Scene III
Here I would like to elaborate on the correspondences between Chapter 3 of The Hateful Eight and Act III Scene III of The Tempest. I have already outlined how the general narrative of the film bears striking similarities to the play, but this is a point where a specific scene has resonances.
I have explained the action that takes place in Chapter 3 above, when Marquis tells his story to the General. In the scene of the play, there is a ‘solemn and strange music’ in the stage directions. Similarly, the story in the film is soundtracked by Señor Bob playing the piano. Ariel creates the illusion of a banquet that the onlookers believe is real, just as Marquis creates a story so convincing that it is depicted as a flashback. When the banquet vanishes and Ariel appears, the conspirators draw their swords but Ariel makes them too heavy to hold to show his power:
“Your swords are now too massy for your strengths
And will not be uplifted.”
Despite their behaviour, Prospero’s servant is merciful. When the General goes to shoot Marquis, however, Marquis kills him before he has a chance to. Marquis does the opposite of Prospero’s motto in Act V Scene I, that “The rarer action is/In virtue than in vengeance.” Note also that the action comes after they have been eating stew at the table, as it does in the play after the usurpers have discovered the banquet and watched it disappear. The correlation here is that the usurpers have tried to dine on the feast before them, believing they have power, but it is pulled away from them, just as Marquis has seemed to lose power to Chris Mannix, only to regain it instantly via his linguistic power.
In The Tempest, the effect it has on those who witnessed the apparition is explained by Gonzalo:
“All three of them are desperate: their great guilt,
Like poison given to work a great time after,
Now ‘gins to bite the spirits. I do beseech you
That are of suppler joints, follow them swiftly
And hinder them from what this ecstasy
May now provoke them to.”
Similarly, those who witness the killing of the General spend some time debating the legality of what has happened, except for Marquis, who sits on his own knowing he is in the clear. Also worth nothing is that, in The Hateful Eight, this is the point where a literal poison is put into the coffee and begins to work upon the drinkers.
Premonitions of Hanging
At the beginning of The Tempest, Gonzalo prophesies that the boatswain was born to hang in order to reassure himself that he and all aboard will not drown. At the end of the play, the boatswain turns up and the ship is intact courtesy of Prospero’s magic, proving Gonzalo’s speculation correct.
At the beginning of The Hateful Eight, Marquis states that “When the hangman catches you, you hang.” Obviously he did not realise that John Ruth would die before the execution could be carried out, but at the end he and Chris Mannix perform the hanging that would have taken place, and so he proves himself right.
Westing (By Musket And Sextant)
Shakespeare wrote The Tempest at a time when the exploration of an uncharted globe by the British was contemporary. In order to write a contemporary version of The Tempest, it would therefore seem most logical to adapt it to the exploration of the universe and space travel but Forbidden Planet had already done it. For an American, the great uncharted territory of their history was the Wild West. Also, Tarantino is not just contemporising it: He is also inverting it. This is why I suspect the date in which the film is set to be approximately eight years after the American abolition of slavery: Because The Tempest was written and first performed approximately eight years before the first slaves arrived in America.
Daisy And Miranda
Daisy is the only woman in the time-frame of The Hateful Eight excluding the flashback. Miranda is the only woman in the time-frame of The Tempest excluding reminiscences. Miranda’s name means wonderful or admirable and she plays the part of a noble, beautiful and virtuous woman. Daisy’s name is the most commonplace of flowers and she is an outlaw who first appears with a black eye and becomes more bruised and covered in blood as the narrative progresses. Her continuous usage of the n-word is anything but virtuous.
There is no character in The Tempest like Daisy, but there is one who is part of Stephano’s song in Act II Scene II:
“The master, the swabber, the boatswain, and I,
The gunner and his mate
Loved Mall, Meg, and Marian and Margery,
But none of us cared for Kate.
For she had a tongue with a tang,
Would cry to a sailor, “Go hang!”
She loved not the savour of tar nor of pitch,
Yet a tailor might scratch her where’er she did itch.
Then to sea, boys, and let her go hang!”
Both Miranda’s and Minnie’s names begin with the same letter as those who are loved and Kate is set up as the antithesis. Daisy’s relentless use of the n-word to Marquis and her urging of Chris Mannix to kill him is comparable to Kate crying ‘Go hang!’ to a sailor, although obviously sans the race hate, and her ultimate fate is that which Stephano wishes upon his subject.
Daisy also possesses some of the traits of Caliban. Her racial abuse of Marquis is reminiscent of Caliban’s lines to Prospero:
“You taught me language; and my profit on’t
Is, I know how to curse. The red plague rid you
For learning me your language!”
The blood and bruises that slowly amass over Daisy’s face also reminded me of a production of Titus Andronicus I saw in which by the end the entire stage was covered in blood. It is worth nothing that that play, initially criticised for being too unbelievable violent, was reappraised as being more realistic following the horrors of the Twentieth Century.
Sea-Changes and Stagnation
In The Tempest, music is often used to change people’s perceptions of what is happening. The first instance of this is the famous song about a ‘sea-change’ that Ariel sings to Ferdinand, which makes him think that his father has perished in the storm. In The Hateful Eight, the song Daisy sings when she is playing the guitar almost has the effect of changing John Ruth’s opinion of her, but subverts it. She begins by singing a few verses about how many things she would rather have happen to her than be condemned to Botany Bay. John Ruth seems to admire this melody, and it reinforces his idea that what is happening to her is just punishment, as well as suggesting she has some feelings of which he was not aware. When she continues at his request, she begins a verse about escaping to Mexico, and he reverts to his original opinion of her, signified by treating her as he did before and smashing her guitar.
Both The Tempest and The Hateful Eight feature people playing games of chess. In The Tempest, it is partly a representation of the battle between the “civilised” white magic of Prospero and Ariel and the natural black magic of Sycorax and Caliban, and partly, in the way that Ferdinand and Miranda flirt over the board, shows how two dynasties have been combined.
The symbolism in The Hateful Eight is very different. In part it is a representation of the Civil War that has just taken place, in part an indication of how poor the General is at power plays because Sweet Dave always beats him, and partly representative of the racial hatred in the film. Señor Bob’s inability to remember how the pieces move represents his role as a pawn, rather than a player in the power games going on.
Tarantino also plays with black and white symbolism in other areas. The stagecoach that John Ruth first appears in has one white horse leading the way. There is one black person within the duration of the film. A white horse is the colour of Death’s horse in the bible. Does Tarantino presage that Marquis has led the rest of The Hateful Eight to their deaths?
Sycorax’s Isle & Minnie’s Haberdashery
Tarantino also inverts the setting of The Tempest. Whereas in the latter, they are on an island in the open air and none of the action takes place indoors, in the former most of the action takes place in an enclosed room in Wyoming, a landlocked state.
Several commentators have referred to the island in The Tempest as Prospero’s Isle because throughout the duration of the play he is the de facto ruler, forgetting that the island is Caliban’s by Sycorax his mother. Sycorax is dead by the time Prospero arrives, however, just as Minnie is by the time Marquis, John, Daisy and OB arrive.
A haberdashery is also the perfect symbol for a place in which lying is so predominant. It makes me think of the lines from Walter Scott’s epic poem, Marmion: “Oh, what a tangled web we weave/When first we practise to deceive!” Shakespeare also used a handkerchief as a symbol for Iago’s deceit in Othello. It even occurs in Prospero’s most famous speech in The Tempest, when he says “Like the baseless fabric of this vision” and in the etymology of fabrication.
Back To Basics: The Classical Unities and 70mm Film
The Tempest is anomalous among Shakespeare’s plays as it rigorously adheres to the classical unities of action, time and place. The whole thing takes place within the span of a day and on or in the vicinity of the island. All the actions are the result of Prospero’s planning. The Hateful Eight does likewise, with the exception of unity of action, which passes from one person to another but is mostly maintained by Marquis.
There was also probably considerable use of special effects in The Tempest, made possible by Shakespeare and his company moving to the Blackfriars Theatre in 1608. One of the reasons Tarantino may have chosen to film The Hateful Eight in 70mm is because he wanted to be make it more believable. Any effects he uses are to show off the details of real human faces and the spaces they are in. The change of theatres for Shakespeare was comparable to the advent of digital technology. If Tarantino wanted to imitate The Tempest, he could easily have used some visual trickery, but he wants to circumvent any potential for this by using the supposedly outdated film technique.
O.B. And The Boatswain
In the opening scene of The Tempest, the boatswain orders his noble passengers to be calm and Gonzalo takes comfort in the fact that such insubordination means he is destined to be hanged rather than drowned. In the opening scene of The Hateful Eight, O.B. is almost the complete opposite, deferring Marquis’s request for a ride to his fare, the hangman John Ruth, who ‘paid a pretty penny’ for privacy.
The alteration is partly due to the structural differences between the social foundations in which each work was written: Shakespeare was writing in a Britain where titles elicited reverence, while Tarantino was writing in a capitalist America where money matters. O.B. is also not quite as invaluable to the success of the journey as the boatswain, as evidenced by the way he is treated.
Coincidences?: Confederates and Confections
There are a couple of correlations between Shakespeare’s play and Tarantino’s film that I cannot help but think are coincidences. Firstly, there is this speech from Prospero:
“You do yet taste
Some subtilties o’ the isle, that will not let you
Believe things certain.”
There is a note in my Norton Anthology of Shakespeare that relates the following:
““Subtleties” were also sweet confections shaped like castles, temples, beasts, allegorical figures, etc., and arrange like a pageant.”
Minnie’s haberdashery is full of “sweet confections”, but they are not arranged like a pageant but placed in jars. This could be Tarantino countering the magic with the reality of things but I would be surprised. If it is intentional, props.
Another Prospero speech:
“I had forgot that foul conspiracy
Of the beast Caliban and his confederates
Against my life: the minute of their plot
Is almost come.”
The ‘confederates’ reminded me of the Confederacy, the losing side of the Civil War who plot against John Ruth and Marquis’s life. I suspect this is just an accident of language.
Part II: Symbolic Speculations
God and Humanity
In the same G Wilson Knight essay as quoted above, he states that “Prospero manipulates his own plot like a god.” There is an argument to say that he manipulates the events like God himself. He executes his plans without seeming to act; he accepts and acknowledges as his the perceived evil of Caliban as part of his own version of divine providence, much as Satan is part of the Almighty’s masterplan; he releases Ariel as though he is the soul escaping from the body; he unites Miranda and Ferdinand as a kind of Adam and Eve; and he allows everyone to return to his Milan, where everything will apparently be happy ever after in the manner of the afterlife.
I am not the first person to extrapolate such an analogy: In “Shakespeare’s Dream”, J Middleton Murry writes:
“The island is a realm where God is good, where true Reason rules; it is what would be if Humanity – the best in man – controlled the life of man. And Prospero is a man in whom the best in man has won the victory. […] The island is a realm, then; controlled by a man who has become himself, and has the desire, the will and the power to make other men themselves.”
No such spiritual relation can be made to the characters in The Hateful Eight. Marquis is very much a fallible human, but imbued with a peculiarly American version of self-reliance. There is no such thing as omnipotence or omniscience in Tarantino’s world. Marquis rules not by magical will but by persuasion and violence. Spiritual benevolence has been inverted into physical malevolence. Evil and hate have become a part of everyone instead of confined to one supposedly malign influence. What is left behind is not the soul, but a scrunched up piece of paper and several bodies, the only proof that Marquis was ever there, as humans try to leave art to achieve some kind of ersatz immortality. Everybody dies and there is no afterlife. It is perhaps a reflection of the current prevalence of atheism that such a comparison could be made.
To adapt and invert Murry’s claims about the island and Prospero, it could be argued that the haberdashery is a realm where God is absent and hate rules. It is what it would be if the worst in man had won the victory. It is controlled by a man who cannot make other people themselves, but can manipulate their innate natures and sometimes end their lives.
Kings and Presidents
Shakespeare was writing when James I was King. The monarch had already shown an interest in magic and had written a book on witchcraft. It was important for Shakespeare to write plays that would interest the King as they could be requested to be performed at court at any time and, in 1613, The Tempest was performed for a royal wedding. It would have been very pleasing to the King who, along with his wife, was very fond of masques, to see a benevolent ruler using white magic to ensure prosperity. The King, it must be remembered, was supposed to be appointed to rule by God. In the same way that Prospero’s books granted him power, 1611, the year The Tempest was written and performed, the King James Bible, the book he patronised, was completed. In a way, his own power came from a single book, the Bible.
Tarantino is not writing for anybody but his audience, but it is notable that the protagonist of the film is a black man whose power comes from a piece of paper in the same way that Obama’s presidency is reliant upon the constitution, a document not divinely inspired but composed by men. A president is also considerably less omnipotent than a King, and so his power must be constantly retained, as Marquis retains his. The falsity of the Lincoln letter makes this analogy not entirely work, but it did remind me of the many calls for Obama to release his birth certificate and then the allegations that it was forged.
Further evidence for this theory, however, involves the haberdashery being a metaphorical representation of America as at one point it is divided between into two regions, the north and the south, but by the end such boundaries are meaningless. Marquis’s name, also, refers to a ruler of the borderlands, suggesting he is in some way a ruler and wielder of power in the Wild West setting. His surname is an artificial enclosure for animals, so his name could be interpreted as ruler of the haberdashery, which contains the ‘animals’ that are its inhabitants. He has a military rank, just as the President is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. Arguably, his rank in the Union Army, Major, is eight ranks below the President’s. His name could therefore be translated as Major Ruler of the Haberdashery, a kind of microcosm of Commander-in-Chief, the President of the United States of America.
There is also the possibility that the ‘Hateful Eight’ of the title could return to Obama’s two terms, or eight years, as President, not because of his actions, but because of the increasing racial tension in the States, which has led to the popularity of Donald Trump as a potential candidate for supreme leader of the free world, and the constant criticism Obama has endured.
The Writer and the Theatre, the Director and the Film Set
Many people have commented on the remarkable similarities of Prospero and Shakespeare. Coleridge was the first to make this analogy. Murry, in the essay quote above calls Prospero:
“To some extent, an imaginative paradigm of Shakespeare himself in his function as poet; and that he does in part embody Shakespeare’s self-awareness at the conclusion of his poetic career.”
G Wilson Knight even goes so far as to say that “The Tempest, patterned of storm and music, is […] an interpretation of Shakespeare’s world.”
The speeches that are most commonly asserted to be allegorical for Shakespeare retiring from the theatre is the one in which Prospero gives up his illusions in Act IV:
“Our revels now are ended. These our actors,
As I foretold you, were all spirits and
Are melted into air, into thin air:
And, like the baseless fabric of this vision,
The cloud-capp’d towers, the gorgeous palaces,
The solemn temples, the great globe itself,
Ye all which it inherit, shall dissolve
And, like this insubstantial pageant faded,
Leave not a rack behind. We are such stuff
As dreams are made on, and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep.”
As well as this one from Act V Scene I:
“But this rough magic
I here abjure, and, when I have required
Some heavenly music, which even now I do,
To work mine end upon their senses that
This airy charm is for, I’ll break my staff,
Bury it certain fathoms in the earth,
And deeper than did ever plummet sound
I’ll drown my book.”
So much has been written on this subject that it is difficult to choose the most apt quotation. Suffice to say that Prospero has often been seen as Shakespeare, Ariel, his books and staff as his Art, and the island as his stage.
Tarantino has more than the role of a writer as he is also a director. He cannot merely wish something to happen, write it down and make it so. That is just the beginning, as the writing of the script could be seen as analogous to Marquis’s writing of the Lincoln letter. He has control in the first chapter, entitled ‘Last Stage To Red Rock’, which could be read as a pun on a theatrical stage. After that, when it comes to filming, he must expand his vision and constantly strive to retain his power over what happens as Marquis does when he arrives at Minnie’s Haberdashery. The haberdashery is not entirely isolated like Prospero’s island or Shakespeare’s stage because, like a film set, it is subject to the vagaries inherent in the process of filming. Eventually, when Tarantino dies, all that will be left of him are his films, which are crafted to include bits of dialogue to make them more believable, just as Marquis leaves the letter. As Chris Mannix says at the very ending of the film about the line “Old Mary Todd’s calling, so I guess it must be time to go”, it is a “nice touch”.
Conclusion: Tarantino Turns The Tempest Tragic
Given the amount of similarities between The Tempest and The Hateful Eight, I find it hard to believe this was not Tarantino’s intention: To invert it, turn it from romance to tragedy, and contemporise it even when he was setting it in the past. The Tempest has retained its place as one of Shakespeare’s best works by virtue of the malleability of its meanings. Even if it was not Tarantino’s intention, the above speculations on what Tarantino might be trying to say with The Hateful Eight show that it is equally adaptable to different interpretations and, although reviews of it have been mixed so far, I think it is a mark of a work of art that will stand the test of time.
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Oil contributes 81% to N2.99tn Q3 exports | The Guardian Nigeria News
By Femi Adekoya |
08 December 2020 |
Despite efforts made at boosting non-oil earnings, crude contributed N2.42 trillion to the country’s 2.99 trillion Q3 2020 export earnings, data released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) yesterday showed.
With the figure, crude’s share of the total exports was 81 per cent, which is still considered very high, and even higher than the corresponding quarter of last year, when it stood at 70.87 per cent.
Nigeria’s economic fortune is tied to the boom-and-bust cycles of the oil market. As oil demand shrank owing to the impact of COVID-19, Nigeria’s income plummeted, worsening the country’s fiscal position. The crisis has also contracted growth in other sectors, triggering a recession.
Nigeria has remained lax in exploiting its youthful population to grow the non-oil sector for exports. It has not also tapped into the benefits of several programmes like the African Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) to boost export earnings.
Production of agricultural products has also been largely impacted by the rise in banditry, herders-farmers conflict, flood and poor yield structure of the seeds.
President Muhammadu Buhari, through the Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment, Niyi Adebayo, had at the opening ceremony of the Lagos Trade Fair, said the administration is also currently revamping the Nigeria Industrial Revolution Plan (NIRP) with a focus on driving backward integration and increasing geometric production of key products such as dairy, palm oil, cotton, textile/garment, sugar, and automobile.
President of the Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI), Mrs Toki Mabogunje however reiterated the need to implement diversification plans.
Reiterating the calls of the organised private sector (OPS), the Chatham House stated that while there has been much focus on reviving agriculture, which is laudable, agrarian practices have radically changed from the 1970s when the sector accounted for 57 per cent of Nigeria’s GDP and generated 64.5 per cent of export earnings.
According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Nigeria’s total foreign trade for the period under review rose by 34.15 per cent to stand at N8.4 trillion compared to N6.24 trillion recorded in the previous quarter, Q2 2020.
Based on the report, total imports rose by 33.77 per cent in Q3 2020 compared to N4.02 trillion recorded in Q2 2020 to stand at N5.38 trillion, and 38.02 per cent increase compared to N3.89 trillion recorded in Q3, 2019.
The increase in the value of imports in Q3, 2020 can be attributed to the increases in the value of mineral fuels (N484.4 billion or 219 per cent), machinery and transport equipment (N314.9billion or 20 per cent) and chemicals and related products (N261.0billion or 34 per cent) as against their respective values in Q2 2020.
Total export (N2.99 trillion) was 34.85 per cent higher in Q3 2020 than N2.22 trillion recorded in Q2 2020, but 43.41 per cent less than in N5.29 trillion recorded in Q3 2019.
Imported Agricultural goods increased in value by 21.13 per cent in Q3 2020 compared to Q2 2020, and 109.82 per cent compared to the corresponding quarter in 2019.
The value of Raw material imports increased by 24.47 per cent in Q3 2020 compared to Q2 2020 and 114.95 per cent compared to the same quarter the previous year.
Agricultural goods export dropped in value by 22.6 per cent in Q3 2020 compared to Q2 2020 but increased by 43.7 per cent year-on-year.
The value of raw material goods export recorded a decline of 24.6 per cent in Q3 2020 compared to Q2 2020 and a decline of 61.9 per cent compared to the same quarter in 2019.
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Will meat-packing plants help halt deforestation in the Amazon?
Home / Publicações / Will meat-packing plants help halt deforestation in the Amazon?
Barreto, P., Pereira, R., Brandão, A., Baima, S. 2017. Will meat-packing plants help halt deforestation in the Amazon? (p. 158). Belém: Imazon.
The meat-packing plants that purchase cattle in the Amazon have been pressured by environmental campaigns and lawsuits to fight the deforestation practiced by ranchers. The pressure to eliminate deforestation, legal or illegal, is growing, since this is the most polluting activity in the country if we consider gases emitted by burning forests that contribute to global warming. Some meat-packing companies have committed to buying only from ranches without deforestation occurring after 2009. Seven years after the first agreement, we went to the field to see if the meat-packing plants can in fact contribute towards eliminating deforestation in the region. Based on new data and revised studies, we demonstrate that the agreements have advanced, but many still need to be done in order for the sector to effectively contribute towards eliminating deforestation in the Amazon.
In 2009, the Federal Public Prosecution Service (MPF) and the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Ibama) sued meat-packing plants in the state of Pará that were buying from embargoed ranches due to illegal deforestation and the MPF also threatened to sue companies such as supermarkets and tanning factories that continued to buy from those meat-packing plants. In the same period, Greenpeace carried out a global campaign that alerted buyers of products from meat-packing plants that were associated with illegal deforestation.
In order to free themselves from criminal charges and boycotts from part of the market, several meat-packing plants, including the four largest at the time, signed settlement agreements (Conduct Adjustment Terms – TAC) with the MPF and a public commitment with Greenpeace. The TAC is a legal commitment that, if not followed, authorizes the MPF to carry out sanctions without the need for court intervention. The meat-packing plants that signed the TAC committed themselves to buying only from ranches free of deforestation after 2009, off the list for work analogous to slavery of the Ministry of Labor, registered with the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR provides a map of the ranch and information on the holder of the property and serves as an identification card for the ranch) and that are not in Protected Areas. Later on, other meat-packing plants signed TAC in other Amazon states, creating the expectation that this type of agreement may be a promising instrument against deforestation. Below, we summarize the situation with the agreements, their advances and their challenges.
Half of the active meat-packing plants, responsible for 70% of the slaughter capacity, have signed agreements against deforestation
110 companies are responsible for 93% of slaughters in the Brazilian Amazon. We began with mapping to discover where the meat-packing plants that signed or did not sign the TAC in the Brazilian Amazon are located and what their characteristics are. Using government data and satellite images, we found 157 meat-packing plants registered with the SIE and SIF, which were responsible for 93% of slaughters in 2016 in the Brazilian Amazon according to the IBGE – The meat-packing plants registered in the State Inspection System (SIE) may sell only in the states where they are located and those registered in the Federal Inspection System (SIF) may sell to the entire country and, if they meet additional criteria, may export.
Interviews with representatives of the companies owning the meat-packing plants revealed that the 157 plants mapped in the Brazilian Amazon belonged to 110 companies, but only 128 plants, belonging to 99 companies, were active in 2016.
The meat-packing plants registered with SIF (who may sell throughout Brazil and export) have, on average, a greater slaughter capacity (708 animals/day), demand more suppliers and travel, on average, 360 km to purchase cattle, according to interviews and our estimates. A meat-packing plant registered with SIF would need, on average, about 580 thousand hectares of pasture to supply its annual demand, considering the total use of their average slaughter capacity and the average productivity of pastures.
As for the meat-packing plants registered with SIE (who only sell in the state where they are located) they can slaughter, on average, 181 animals/day, can buy cattle up to a maximum distance of 153 km and would need 25% of the pasture area of a packing plant registered in SIF to supply their annual demand. 99 companies can buy from zones that reach 390 thousand ranches holding 93% of the Amazon herd. We estimate that the potential buying zones for all of the 128-active meat-packing plants extend to regions that encompass 91% of existing pastures in the Amazon – which is compatible with the fact that they account for 93% of the cattle slaughtered in the region. Thus, we estimate that the 99 companies, owners of the 128 active plants, can directly or indirectly influence 390 thousand ranches with a total estimated herd of 79 million head (93% of the total).
We further estimate that the potential buying zones for the meat-packing plants affect regions that contain the majority of problems associated with deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: 88% of the total of embargoed areas by Ibama, 88% of the area deforested from 2010-2015 that was not embargoed (although a large share may be illegal) and about 90% of the areas at greater risk for deforestation from 2016-2018 (of a total of 1.68 million hectares of forests). Therefore, demanding that the 110 meat-packing companies – which are the doors to the market – follow the law or commit to zero deforestation seems to be a more promising path to reducing deforestation than individually inspecting tabs on the 390 thousand ranchers.
The advances and challenges of the agreements against deforestation
Our analyses revealed various advances with the agreements and many challenges.
70% of the slaughter capacity is in meat-packing plants that have signed TACs. Crossing our list of meat-packing plants with records of the Public Prosecutors in the Amazon, we discovered that 49% of the active meat-packing plants (63 of the 128) registered with SIF and SIE signed TAC and that they hold 70% of the slaughtering capacity of all the packing plants. Thirty-eight companies control those meat-packing plants. The purchasing zones of those companies jointly cover 86% of the total of embargoed areas by Ibama, 83% of the area deforested from 2010-2015 that was not embargoed (although a large part may be illegal) and about 85% of the areas under greatest risk of deforestation from 2016-2018 (of a total of 1.68 million hectares of forests). Thus, if they all complied with the agreements, the potential for reducing deforestation would be significant.
There is evidence that some companies are boycotting purchases from irregular ranches including a scientific study of a meat-packing company (JBS) and independent audits of the public commitment of the three largest meat-packing companies operating in the region (JBS, Marfrig and Minerva). However, it has not been verified if all of the signatories are controlling the suppliers, whether because of delays in the independent audits that should have been made by all the signatories or due to the lack of dissemination of results of audits done in Mato Grosso.
Even the companies that signed TACs are exposed to the risks associated with deforestation. The first problem is that ranchers have evaded boycotts using laundering mechanisms. For example, ranchers rent embargoed ranches to other ranchers, who sell the cattle using documents (CPF, CNPJ, CAR) that are different from those on the Ibama or state embargo lists. The frauds are facilitated because the public managers complicate or prohibit access to public information on CAR and information on transport of cattle between ranches and from ranches to the meat-packing plants (the Animal Transport Permit-GTA). The GTAs are obligatory and are issued by state animal health control agencies. Pará is the only state in the region that allows full public access to CAR data for ranches.
The second major challenge is that most meat-packing plants do not control the indirect supply ranches, meaning those where the cattle were born and spent some time before arriving at the fattening ranches, who sell the fattened cattle to the meat-packing plants. One meat-packing company evaluated that about half of the direct supply ranches buy cattle from other ranches before fattening and selling them to the meat-packing plants. There are ways to control the indirect suppliers, as pilot projects in the region and experiences in other countries have shown, but neither the market nor the MPF can effectively control the indirect suppliers so far.
After the first TAC pilot audit in Pará, in 2014 the state government began an innovative approach to facilitate control over all ranches, including the indirect ones: only issuing animal transport permits (GTA) to ranches registered with CAR. However, due to resistance from the state animal health agency in Pará, Adepará, and difficulties in coordination between Adepará and State Secretariat for The Environment and Sustainability of Pará (Semas), the initial calendar was not met. After new demands by MPF, a new calendar was put in place and the link between issuing the GTA to CAR was supposed to be demanded for all ranches in Pará by October 2018, but informants have declared that this linkage had again been paralyzed.
The third challenge is that 30% of the slaughter capacity is in meat-packing plants that have not signed the TAC. This involves 65 active meat-packing plants, belonging to 63 companies. In general, those meat-packing plants buy in the same zones as the meat-packing plants with TAC. Thus, a portion of the ranchers boycotted by the companies with TAC is able to sell to meat-packing plants without TAC – which means a leakage of the effect of the agreements and unfair competition with companies that are trying to assume costs to exclude ranchers who deforest. For example, ranchers in Pará can sell to both meat-packing plants in their own state and to meat-packing plants in neighboring states, such as Tocantins, Amapá, Amazonas and Maranhão. Meat-packing plants from Amazonas without TAC also buy from Rondônia and, can thus “export” the deforestation risk to that state.
Those barriers to the advances of agreements and the fact that the government has been reducing environmental protection, facilitate an increase in deforestation. For example, since 2012 the deforestation rate has increased 75% after Congress and the president at the time forgave part of the deforestation when changing the Forest Code and reduced the size and degree of protection of Conservation Units and the number of inspectors at Ibama and the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) da Amazônia.
The companies most exposed to the risks associated with deforestation
The great majority of companies continue being exposed to the risks associated with deforestation: the TAC signatories because they suffer the effects of frauds and do not control the indirect suppliers and non-signatories because they do not adopt any form of control over the suppliers.
The companies most exposed to the risks have various plants distributed in the region, supply the domestic market and may export (SIF) or serve a large state market in regions with little local supply of cattle, and thus buy from distant areas using cheap river transport.
The companies with TAC that are at the top of the risk ranking would probably be the ones most benefitting from efforts at improving control. They already adopt some type of control and would have lower costs moving forward and might be more rapidly benefitted by the market. Additionally, they would benefit from enforcement against unfair competition from those who do not adopt any control. In this group is JBS, potentially the company most exposed to the risks associated with deforestation, since it has 32 plants in the region, of which 21 are active. In the potential buying zones of those plants are 4.6 million hectares with some type of risk, including 1.7 million hectares embargoed, 1.6 million hectares of area deforested from2010-2015 and 1.2 million hectares of forest at risk for deforestation from 2016 to 2018. Another four companies occupied a second level of exposure to risk. The Redentor meat-packer in northern Mato Grosso occupied the second position in the ranking with only one plant, but located in a region with high rates of embargoed areas, recent deforestation embargos and with high risk of future deforestation. The three other companies have more than one plant: Marfrig (5 plants), Vale Grande (3 plants) and Meat-packing plant Mercúrio (2 plants).
It is notable that the various companies without a TAC also occupy a significant position in the ranking of potential exposure to deforestation risk. Getting those companies to boycott cattle associated with deforestation could result in rapid gains in controlling deforestation. At the top of this ranking is the Figo Manaus meat-packing company, which stands out because it buys cattle in a zone that during the rainy season can extend to animals more than 1,000 km away, in Pará and Rondônia, when they supply of animals near Manaus becomes scarce. A second group with greater exposure includes ten companies, nine of them registered in SIF – meaning they can sell beef and beef byproducts on the national market and, if properly enable, in international markets as well –, who buy from long distances (e.g. Bovinorte, in Manaus-AM) or who have more than one plant (e.g. Total, in Rolim de Moura and Ariquemes and Distriboi, in Cacoal and Ji-Paraná, all in Rondônia), or that are located in areas under great pressure for new deforestation (e.g. T. M. da Silva de Carvalho, in Novo Progresso-PA).
Will ranching continue to be associated with deforestation in the Amazon?
After assessing the advances and challenges so far, we now reflect upon the future: will the agreements made by the companies be consolidated and expanded and lead to a drastic reduction in deforestation? Or will part of the market continue buying from ranchers who deforest? To answer these questions, we analyze the forces in favor and against deforestation and their relation with the ranching agreements. The history of the sector shows that significant changes in behavior by ranchers and meat-packing companies have occurred only when they have been boycotted or about to be boycotted or were at increased risk of legal sanctions or losses to reputation (which might lead to future losses of market or financing).
Considering lessons from the past and future possibilities, we conclude that the forces favoring deforestation are at a short-term advantage, but that there are possibilities for turning the game around. There are several promises of national and international commitments to eliminate or drastically reduce deforestation from 2020 to 2030. However, the advances are still modest and achievement of goals is uncertain.
Setbacks and possibilities in the short term
In 2016, exports increased with the opening of the Chinese market, which may increase pressure to deforest. At the same time, the government continues to deny access to data on the identification of holders of rural properties registered with CAR and on cattle transport (GTAs), which could facilitate control over cattle sold directly and indirectly. Furthermore, the president of Brazil and Congress are approving laws that reduce de level of protection of Conservation Units and that extend the deadlines for illegal occupants to request the regularization of titles to public lands.
In April 2017, an operation by Ibama in Pará (Carne Fria, meaning “Cold Beef”) embargoed packing plants and one exporter of live cattle accused of buying cattle from embargoed areas. However, those immediate results were weakened by actions from the federal government, regional politicians and the Judiciary. Nonetheless, Ibama has demanded that the companies administratively unembargoed present solutions within 90 days to avoid purchases from irregular areas. After that, some of the large supermarkets have demanded information from meat-packing plants accused by Ibama and indicated that they may halt purchases if the answers are not satisfactory. That demand is helping to accelerate development of a pilot project for control of indirect suppliers that was being discussed by ranchers in Pará. The meetings that the Pará government called to assess the options for improving implementation of the TAC after operation Carne Fria may be a space for expanding the pilot initiative. The first meetings included Ibama, Ministry of the Environment (MMA), MPF, producers and meat-packing companies. The project could be accelerated with the participation of major buyers of products from meat-packing plants and the other necessary sectors of the government such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Ranching and Supply (Mapa). The Brazilian Supermarket Association (Abras), which signed a commitment with MPF, should also engage in strengthening the role of retailers. As our data show, fewer than 50 companies are responsible for the great majority of cattle slaughtered.
Operation Carne Fria may still lead to other indirect impacts. Ibama has suggested to MPF in Pará the execution of sanctions established in the TAC against meat-packing companies that violate the agreement. The MPF may apply the sanctions extrajudicially (without intervention by a judge), which could accelerate the adoption of best practices. Thus, the effect of the operation in the short term will largely depend on the decision of the MPF, which stated it was awaiting responses from the meat-packers before deciding what to do about the Ibama recommendations.
In the short term, the TAC audits and TAC sanctions resulting from operation Carne Fria may be the most promising events against deforestation. Twenty-two companies who signed the TAC in Pará and 12 in Mato Grosso have contracted independent audits. If the MPF and the market punish the meat-packing plants who violate the agreements, the companies will tend to strengthen control, including over indirect suppliers.
However, the reactions against operation Carne Fria show that it is necessary to halt political pressures against environmental agencies. The environmental sector could learn from the recent experience of fighting corruption in Brazil. The use of communication strategies has helped the Lava Jato investigators to obtain support from the population and halt political pressures.
A communications plan could have two lines of action. One would highlight the negative social, environmental and economic impacts of deforestation. The other would demonstrate that fighting deforestation has not prevented and will not impede economic development in the country, since it is possible to increase production in the vast deforested areas that are poorly utilized, both in the Amazon and in the rest of the country.
The tide may also turn in the battle against deforestation because of the environmental campaigns that can occur at any moment and weaken the forces favorable to the deforestation. Greenpeace suspended its negotiations with JBS on the Public Commitment by Ranching shortly after operation Carne Fria and later suspended participation in the agreement with all the companies due to the lack of advances, the revelation of the involvement of the controlling partners of JBS in corruption and setbacks in environmental policies. Because of the increase of deforestation in the Amazon, it is plausible to believe that new campaigns will occur focusing on the meat-packing plants that operate in the region.
Promises and rules for medium and long-term deadlines against deforestation
Several promises made by the private sector, governments and multilateral agencies against deforestation have 2020 to 2030 as deadline. These measures have so far had little immediate effect on the ground. If the promises are kept, they may have an effect, especially with regard to the larger companies.
International agreements and initiatives. In 2010, the Consumer Goods Forum (CGF), made up of major international corporations such as Unilever, Walmart and MacDonald’s, promised to achieve zero net deforestation in their supply chains by 2020. Zero net deforestation implies that the loss of forest must be offset through reforestation or natural regeneration.
In 2014, governments, companies and civil society approved the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF), which is an international voluntary and non-binding declaration for taking measures to reduce global deforestation. Goal two of the NYDF is to support and aid the private sector in eliminating deforestation linked to production of agricultural commodities such as palm oil, soy, paper and meat by no later than 2020. Among the companies are Cargill, Unilever, Procter & Gamble, McDonald´s, Johnson & Johnson and Nestlé. The Brazilian government is not a signatory, but the states of Acre, Amapá and Amazonas are.
In 2015 the Brazilian government and other countries adhered to the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations (UN), which include halting deforestation by 2020. Brazil, as a signatory, agreed to annually present a Voluntary National Review on advances towards reaching the goals. Although voluntary, this agreement is more ambitious than the policy on climate changes whose goal is to reduce Amazon deforestation to less than 3,800 square kilometers by 2020 and to eliminate illegal deforestation by 2030 (referring to the Paris agreement, to which Brazil is also a signatory). The annual review will expose the countries that are not advancing toward their goals, but the consequences are uncertain.
National policies. The Brazilian and state governments have instituted other goals. The National Monetary Council and the Central Bank, through Resolution no. 4.327/2014, require that financial institutions and other institutions authorized to function by the Central Bank of Brazil establish and implement the Socioenvironmental Responsibility Policy (PRSA) beginning in February 2015. The government of Mato Grosso promised to reduce deforestation 90% by 2030 and eliminate illegal deforestation by 2020. In 2016, the federal and state governments increased enforcement in the state, but 95.4% of the area deforested in Mato Grosso did not have authorization from the environmental agency. In 2016 deforestation fell by only 6% in Mato Grosso compared to 2015. The dissuasive power of enforcement was probably weakened by the recent amnesties.
In Pará, in 2012, the state governor established a goal of eliminating net deforestation by 2020. Despite programs in the state such as the Green Municipalities Program and the Pará 2030 strategy, deforestation in the state continues high and rose 75% from 2012 to 2016. The case of Pará seems to show that local plans are insufficient for dealing with market forces and national plans that favor deforestation, such as the reduction of legal protection and major infrastructure projects that attract immigrants without the execution of mitigation measures. This situation is serious because it seems unlikely that the current leaders of the federal Executive and Legislative will spontaneously strengthen measures against deforestation. The advances of those policies will depend upon an increase in pressure over those public agents, from Brazilian civil society, agents of the market and the international community.
Insufficient advances with medium and long-term promises
However, the international medium and long-term promises are presenting insufficient advances. A global analysis of 500 companies, investors and governments has revealed that commitments such as those by the CGF and NYDF will not be met by 2020 or 2030 if the rate of progress observed up to 2016 is maintained. Most of the countries that import products linked to deforestation do not have measures that restrict purchases.
The forces against deforestation may change it those assessments of the commitments inspire short-term concrete actions. For example, eight companies are working with the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) to collect information from their main suppliers on how they are managing the risks associated with deforestation. The analysis of data from suppliers collected in the pilot year of 2017 will be published in the annual report of the supply chain for the CDP in January 2018. Among the eight companies are JBS and Arcos Dorados, the McDonald’s franchise in Latin America.
In short, the success of promises and agreements depends upon more impacting steps or for implementation in the short term – such as sanctions or market restrictions if certain goals are not met. Prior experiences have shown that ranchers and agroindustry respond pragmatically when pressures and incentives are clear and consistent. Without clear pressure from outside the sector (from the market, Society and public agencies), it is likely that many meat-packers will not assume commitments and that the agreements will not be effectively implemented. In that scenario, thousands of ranchers in the Amazon will continue felling and burning forests to raise cattle.
Online version here
Annual Report 2016A Pathway to Zero Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon
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Steven Shackel – Details on how he healed ALS
Posted on July 15, 2014 by Healing ALS Team
The best part about working on our documentary film, Healing ALS has been the people we have met. Every single person we have interviewed who has reversed ALS/MND, whether partially or completely, is truly remarkable and Steven Shackel is no exception. Interviewing him was an honor and the time went by in a flash. Steve lives in Australia so we did the interview via Skype.
Why is Steven Shackel so special?
In 1994, at the age of 42, a muscular athlete and avid cyclist, Steve was diagnosed by one of the top neurologists in the world with ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), also known as MND (motor neuron disease) or Lou Gehrig’s disease. He was given 2 years to live, 5 if he was lucky. He was told that there is no known cause or cure for ALS, no way to prevent ALS, that his muscles would waste away and he would soon need a wheelchair. and then a feeding tube and a ventilator, followed by death.
Steve is a bit of a rebel. In his mind, just because no one else has found a solution to the disease does not mean it is not possible to cure it. From the beginning he made the decision to do everything he could to get well. He voraciously read everything he could about ALS/MND. He studied the sciences. He contacted doctors and scientists from around the world to ask questions and to share what he knew. He experimented on himself in a very regimented fashion. From his research, he knew early on that liver function was extremely important and the most important part of keeping the liver healthy was to drink lots of water daily. He also started taking supplements to support his liver. He researched and experimented with diet and found that for him a low glycemic index diet gave the best results. He eliminated sugar completely from his diet, ate low glycemic vegetables and other foods and restricted meat. To say he tried a variety of supplements and protocols would be an understatement. Another area Steve worked on was mind-body and the psychological-emotional aspects of disease. He experimented with meditation and visualization and other mind-body techniques.
On of Steve’s biggest contributions is that he created a website (rare in the mid-1990’s) so he could share everything he learned about ALS/MND and allow others to share their experiences for the benefit of all dealing with this disease.
Month after month, Steve wrote a log of his symptoms, his research, his experimentation with various supplements and protocols and shared that log with the world on his website, http://home.goulburn.net.au/~shackel/mystory.htm. Today, this site remains a valuable resource for many diagnosed with ALS.
Although his supplements and protocols were helping, Steve’s symptoms continued to worsen. His muscles continued waste away, he had to use a cane, and eventually needed a wheelchair.
Still, Steve did not give up. He continued to work on every physical aspect of the disease and he continued to work on mind-body mediation and visualization, keeping a positive attitude and dealing with any psychological issues that came up. He realized that we create everything in our lives and he came to the conclusion that he created his disease, that his disease was no accident. Well, if he created it, he also knew that he could un-create it, in other words, he could heal.
After months of ups and downs, and lots of discouragement, one day, he gave up control. Instead of fighting the disease he accepted completely that he has ALS and was okay with it. This does not mean that he did not continue to do everything he could to get well—it simply meant that he was okay with the disease and with whatever happened. This was a turning point. From that day Steve began to get better. Slowly, over the next months, he began to slowly be able to put weight on his legs and very slowly began to learn to walk again.
Today, almost 20 years from diagnosis, Steve Shackle walks, runs, plays the guitar, cooks dinner for his wife, plays with his animals. Now in his 60’s, Steve looks forward to a normal life expectancy. According to neurologists he no longer has ALS, although given his original test results they stick by their original diagnosis. Truly miraculous results.
Steve Shackle says without a doubt had he not done the physical things he did with diet, detoxification and supplements he would be dead. He also says that had he not done the meditation, visualization and psychological work that he did he would be dead.
You can learn more details of how Steve cured his ALS in our upcoming documentary film and book, Healing ALS. Producing a film on this scale is expensive and involves considerable costs including travel, shooting, transcripts, editing, graphics and post-production. Any donations to complete the film are gratefully accepted at HeallingALS.org.
This entry was posted in ALS/MND and tagged cure ALS, cure MND, healing ALS, how to prevent ALS, miracle cure, prevent ALS, prevent Lou Gehrig's by Healing ALS Team. Bookmark the permalink.
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9 thoughts on “Steven Shackel – Details on how he healed ALS”
Susan Margetts on July 25, 2019 at 8:27 am said:
Steven Shackel is amazing although I am not diagnosed I had alot of symtoms I read alot about him and am trying to follow his steps whenever I need inspiration I read his words amazing man
Kelly Morris on May 23, 2018 at 1:54 pm said:
Is there a way to connect with Steve.
Healing ALS Team on August 23, 2018 at 12:45 am said:
At the moment Steven Shackel is not available to contact directly. He has spent decades of his life helping PALS one-on-one, and at this point needs some much-deserved time off. Since Steve has put much effort into his website shackel.org, we suggest you thoroughly read through his site, as well as all of the information at healingals.org, alswinners.com and ericiswinning.com.
Annie Ottevanger on September 8, 2018 at 10:45 pm said:
Dear Steven Shackal, dear people of the Healing Als Team,
thank you so much for all the information you have given (website, this letter). I’ve been diagnoses with ALS at the end of last year and I decided I want to get better. Whenever I loose confidence and faith I read your website mr Shackal and it helps me to continue with improving my life. Thank you, thank you. I’m so happy for you that you are cured. I hope thatt one day I can say the same.
Best wishes to all of you
Mr. Kim Cherry on August 19, 2014 at 7:24 pm said:
I too, understand the profound affect ALS has on ones life. Though I was well on my way to defeating this monster that came into my life in November, 2011, before I heard of Steven, I admire Steven and the fortitude and resilience he has displayed. Though my protocol varies in some ways from that of Steven’s, I too know that ALS can be defeated, using nutrition, natural supplements, and the power of positive thinking. I too, am doing it.
Uzo a on June 15, 2019 at 7:37 am said:
I would like to know what you did to come off breathing machine Thank you
Healing ALS Team on June 24, 2019 at 9:07 pm said:
We have sent you Kim’s contact information
Derek on August 16, 2014 at 11:31 pm said:
I found Steven’s website about 15 years ago and it was a huge factor in my doing so well after being dx with ALS in1997. I am truly indebted to his perseverance and efforts and so glad to hear that he has beaten this disease?
Dawn McCrea on August 16, 2014 at 6:21 pm said:
Steve is an inspiration and he demonstrates the most important aspect of healing, take responsibility for your own health and healing. I am looking forward to learning more about how he accepted the ALS and then noticed improvement. Dawn
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Awards, Company News
CEO Jim Sankey Named a Most Admired CEO by Charlotte Business Journal
Introducing CBJ’s 2019 Class of Most Admired CEOs.
The Charlotte Business Journal recently announced the 2019 honorees for the Most Admired CEOs in the Charlotte region. InVue CEO, Jim Sankey, was named as one of the honorees in the technology category.
CBJ’s Most Admired CEO awards program recognizes established local leaders who have a strong vision for their companies, have shown commitment to culture in the workplace and have made significant contributions to the community.
Nominations for this program came from members of the business community, members of the honorees’ organizations, and externally from the public. The CBJ editorial team selected the honorees to recognize within each industry category.
Under Jim’s leadership, InVue has fostered a strong culture of giving back to the community. A few examples of InVue’s recent initiatives include:
Hosting a “Back to School Drive” with Classroom Central: in 2017, 2,427 items were donated to school children in Charlotte and that number was exceeded in 2018.
Angel Tree Drive: employees donated toys for children, reaching 57 children with gifts during the 2017 holiday season and over 60 children in 2018.
Volunteer program at Second Harvest Food Bank on behalf of Safe Alliance
Volunteer program at Crisis Assistance Ministry to support clothing for the homeless
Money is raised annually for the C2 Challenge, which supports after school activities for children through the YMCA
InVue hosted a supply and fund drive for hurricane victims in Puerto Rico
In addition, InVue has rolled out a global “Day of Service” so employees can have a paid day to volunteer within their respective communities.
Jim leads by example in his personal philanthropic efforts. Over the last ten years, he has funded the building of twenty orphanages and four schools in India, Uganda, Sri Lanka and the Philippines. Jim also helps to provide funding for approximately 3,000 children in these orphanages.
With thousands of companies in the Charlotte area, home of InVue’s global headquarters, it’s a prestigious honor to be recognized and chosen as a most admired CEO. Jim’s contributions to both the local and global community are certainly admirable and something to celebrate. Congratulations Jim!
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Diabetes Brought Him Here To Educate Others
Rick Douthit fondly remembers his summers at Bradford Woods where he attended camp for children with diabetes. He was about eight when he first attended the camp and enjoyed hiking, swimming, and fishing. But what he liked the most was that he was at camp with other children who also had diabetes.
“It helped me realize that I wasn’t the only one with diabetes,” said Douthit, a nurse and certified diabetes educator with IU Health. He splits his time between University Hospital and Riley Hospital for Children teaching other patients how to live with the disease.
After middle school, he joined his camp pals on bike trips across Michigan and Wisconsin. “Those bike trips are some of my best memories. It taught me that diabetes doesn’t have to limit me in the things I do,” said Douthit.
“A lot of the counselors at the camp also had diabetes so it helped to see how they had grown up with diabetes.” Eventually he became a counselor at the camp he attended as a young boy. He still keeps in touch with many of those friends today and even joined some of his fellow campers for a recent reunion.
After he graduated from Lafayette Jefferson High School, Douthit enrolled at Purdue University and obtained a degree in Industrial Technology. But he soon realized his heart was set on becoming a nurse.
“When I was 12, I was hospitalized and there were two male student nurses working in the pediatric unit. I watched them work and a light bulb went off and I knew it was something I wanted to do.”
But by the time he graduated from high school, nursing wasn’t as popular for men to pursue as it was for women.
“There was a stereotype about men getting nursing degrees so I went for that manly degree and eventually realized I needed to go into nursing,” said Douthit, who obtained his associates degree from IUPUI and his bachelors degree from the University of Indianapolis. He started working at IU Health 20 years ago and for the past 10 years he has worked with the Diabetes Centers educating others about living with diabetes.
“There is an increasing prevalence of diabetics particularly Type 2 diabetes. It truly is an epidemic. It relates to our lifestyle - we tend to be less active and not eat the healthiest,” said Douthit who is married and the father of three children. Every patient is different.
“People come in newly diagnosed with diabetes and all sorts of feelings and levels of acceptances. We often see people come in who are in denial, angry and depressed. We would treat them differently than someone who has had diabetes for some time and is more accepting,” said Douthit.
He teaches patients the American Association of Diabetes Educators “Seven Self-Help Behaviors” to help them manage their disease: Being active, monitoring, taking medication, problem solving, reducing risks, and healthy coping techniques.
“The main goal is to help the patient gain an understanding that diabetes is a condition they can live with and have a normal healthy happy.” He also draws on personal experience when relating to patients.
“There are many factors that can impact a diabetic’s control – stress, exercise, and other health issues,” said Douthit. “I’ve learned it’s a complex disease but I’m an example that you can live a happy life with it. I don’t’ think I would have even become a nurse if I didn’t have Type I diabetes.”
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First his mother, then his wife is patient’s transplant donor
As he recently prepared for his second kidney transplant, Alan Wilson began mapping out a plan to help advocate for other patients with kidney disease.
By T.J. Banes, IU Health Senior Journalist, tfender1@iuhealth.org
Resting in a hospital bed, his wife at his side, Alan Wilson talks openly about his kidney match – not once but twice.
On Jan. 27, 2009 his mother, Lori Miller donated a kidney to Wilson. When his body began rejecting the kidney his wife Danielle was tested and was a match.
Wilson explains his health with a blanket term – FSGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The condition causes nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure. A single disease does not cause it; it can have many different causes including infection, medication or an illness.
Raised in Kosciusko County, Ind. Wilson worked for a time in auto parts and then at Maple Leaf Farms – a poultry company. He and Danielle met through mutual friends and were married June 7, 2008.
Since before his first transplant A and Danielle have made it their mission to help educate others about all aspects of kidney disease and transplant. He received his second transplant from his wife earlier this month.
“When I went through this the first time it was 11 months from diagnosis to transplant to back to work,” said Wilson. “I tell people, ‘yes, it’s a big part of my life but it doesn’t define me.’”
He relates how his candid approach to his disease has bridged relationships.
The couple was recently checking out at a local grocery store when Alan engaged in a conversation with the cashier. Within minutes they found common ground – the woman related how she had lost a daughter to kidney disease a few years ago. She walked out from behind her register and gave the Wilsons hugs when they shared their story.
“We have gone from being guarded about our story to being completely open and it has opened doors for others,” said Wilson. Back home in Warsaw, Ind. they started a support group where people with end stage renal failure, family members, and caretakers talk about various topics. The conversations include insurance coverage, finding a living donor, and coping with guilt.
“When my wife found out she was a compatible donor, she was over the moon but I felt guilty,” said Alan Wilson. “How do you ever begin to thank someone for such a tremendous gift – from someone so close to you like your mom and your wife?”
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When A Mammogram Isn’t Enough
IU Health Jay Hospital
She holds a law degree, a pharmacy degree and worked at one of the world’s leading pharmaceutical companies and yet Carrie Cagnassola, 53, says she felt: “Stupid.”
That dirty six-letter word is paired with another dirty six-letter word that tells the story of a woman who fought to protect other women. That word is “cancer.”
Prior to her cancer diagnosis, Cagnassola received all her care through another Indianapolis hospital. In July of 2014, Cagnassola, then 50, went to get her annual mammogram. She had no family history, and for nearly a decade the screenings showed no signs of cancer. But there was a catch; Cagnassola is part of a large group of women with dense breast tissue.
“Starting in 2011, I was having 2D mammograms every 6 months, each time with a ‘second look.’ The radiologist told me they were watching an ‘area of thickness,’” said Cagnassola. “Dense breast tissue” was never mentioned. About 40 percent of women who receive mammograms have dense breast tissue, but few know what that means or what the next step is.
“I had such a false sense of security. They just said they were watching an area of thickness and I feel so stupid that I never asked, ‘what does that mean?’” said Cagnassola, who worked in Quality Biometrics/Statistics at Eli Lilly and Company
until her recent retirement. Three years ago, as she sat in the waiting room, like she had done so many times before, while the radiologist read her images, she began to think about that next step.
“Here I am a health professional and I never thought to advocate for myself. For all I knew, they could be giving me cancer with these repeat screenings. I trusted that the mammogram was the way to detect cancer. I don’t want to scare people because mammograms are important, but if you have dense tissue, or if you are told something you don’t understand, you need to push for answers. Doctors aren’t perfect, mammography is subjective and some women need more than a mammogram to detect abnormalities, said Cagnassola, who is married to Greg Cagnassola, an attorney. Together they have four sons.
The youngest child in her family, Cagnassola’s father taught her early in life the importance of standing up for herself.
“My dad was a Marine in WWII and played football for the University of Michigan. He was a teddy bear but also a tough guy. He said ‘if you have a problem, deal with it.’”
He died June 29, 2014, and the Monday after his memorial, Cagnassola went for next six-month mammogram. After another “second look” mammogram she talked to her radiologist about her results, and an ultrasound was finally ordered – showing a 2cm mass, which was later determined to be stage 3a breast cancer.
She began digging deeper and researching dense tissue. That’s when she met Dr. Nancy Cappello, Director and Founder of Are You Dense, Inc., an advocacy group that helps educate the public about the risks and screening challenges of dense breast tissue to prevent missed, delayed and advanced stage cancer.
The organization was launched after Dr. Cappello’s advanced-stage breast cancer diagnosis within weeks of a normal mammogram. It was at that time that her healthcare providers informed her that her cancer was masked by mammography for years because of her dense breast tissue.
“Dr. Nancy Cappello informed me that an attempt at a breast density reporting bill was passed in 2013 but it contained subjective language that dense breast tissue disclosure would be limited only to women who the physician deemed required further follow up and testing,” said Cagnassola. “I wanted to ensure that all women who had dense tissue were notified of their condition and the limitations of 2D mammography to detect cancer in women with dense breast tissue.”
Cagnassola’s in-laws were in Jacksonville, Fl. So Cagnassola and her husband sought a second opinion and traveled to Mayo Clinic where her surgeon and oncologist coordinated treatment with IU Health oncologist Dr. Jennifer Morgan. Cagnassola’s August 2014 procedure involved a double mastectomy. Twenty-eight lymph nodes were removed, and the final pathology revealed the cancer had spread to seven lymph nodes, resulting in her stage 3a diagnosis. She continued her care with Mayo Clinic and with IU Health, including chemotherapy, radiation, and reconstructive surgery.
“When the final pathology report came back, it showed my whole breast was a mess. They could not have removed that mess with a lumpectomy and they couldn’t have felt that mess with a normal breast exam. I had it for awhile and the only chance at detection was proper imaging.”
It was enough to spur Cagnassola into action.
In March 2016, Indiana became the 25th state to enact a mandatory breast density notification law. The law became effective July 1, 2016. Cagnassola is credited as a patient with a driving force behind that law. Essentially, what that means is that all women who have dense breast tissue are notified of this condition, the risks, and the need for additional follow up and discussion with their healthcare providers.
“I was bald as a cue ball when I met with Senators (Patricia) Miller and (David) Long. They really invested the time to listen and understand the importance of this law,” said Cagnassola. As an attorney, Cagnassola was also prepared, and brought paperwork to the table. She had requested and received all of her results from past mammograms.
“When I went back and looked at all my medical reports, the radiologists shared with the physician they all said ‘dense tissue ultrasound may be required.’ I was never told I had dense tissue and I was never offered an ultrasound until my cancer diagnosis. Changing the law means every women will objectively receive that same information saying she has ‘dense breast tissue.’”
Cagnassola doesn’t see herself as a hero. In fact, she says she is disappointed she didn’t ask the tough questions sooner.
“I was every other woman. I did what every other woman did. I have a trust in the system. I’m in healthcare but I’m always a strong advocate – for my sons, for my parents. Hopefully, no other woman will go through what I went through, despite following the screening protocol for women at average-risk of breast cancer,” said Cagnassola, who adds that she feels great now and that her recent screenings were tumor markers were normal.
“If anything, I still feel stupid that I had so many mammograms and didn’t act for three years. I wonder if I hadn’t said anything at all would I be diagnosed with Stage 4 cancer while sitting in an emergency room?”
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Seventh Anniversary
April 30, 1939 - It's Jack Benny's 7th Anniversary in Radio. At the time there where also two World's Fairs going on. One in New York, the other in San Francisco. Listen also for quick references to drive-in movies and "Lloyds of London" and Esquire Magazine.
NBC San Francisco
April 26, 1942 - Jack Benny and the gang are at the new NBC building in San Francisco. Listen closely and you will hear them mention 7-Up, Red Skelton's catchphrase "I Dood It", and "Havanna Nights". They also do a western skit called Jack Hawkin's Revenge.
Jack’s Studio Dressing Room
April 23, 1939 - On the set of Jack's movie "Man About Town" we meet Guests Binnie Barns and Mark Sandrich with a cameo by Claudette Colbert...all performed in the radio studio by the regular cast with bit players doing the celebrity voices.
Meanwhile, Rochester tries to collect on the bet he made with Jack Benny...
Desperate for JELL-O (Don's Play)
April 19, 1942 - Don's play about JELL-O stars Jack Benny, Mary Livingstone and Dennis Day. Plus Jack steals a joke from his corny sound man and much more!
Phil Shoots a Movie
April 16, 1939 - Phil Shoots the movie "Man About Town" behind Jack's back. Bob Hope makes a quick reference to The Jack Benny Show on his program. This is one day before a big boxing match with the champ Joe Louis. Phil Harris and Dorothy Lamour.
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Tag Archives: Cassandra Campbell
September 7, 2014 · 12:26 pm
How Can I Tell You
Everything I Never Told You: A Novel by Celeste Ng (The Penguin Press, $26.95, 292 pages)
“James is all too familiar with this kind of forgetting. From Lloyd Academy to Harvard to Middlewood, he has felt it every day – that short-lived lull, then the sharp edge to the ribs that reminded you that you didn’t belong.”
Celeste Ng’s novel is about a Chinese-American family in the truest sense of the words; James Lee is a Chinese-American professor married to an Anglo woman. Although born in the U.S., “(James) had never felt he belonged here….” James has consistently experienced discrimination as a minority resident of Ohio – an experience his wife Marilyn has largely been exempted from, and his sense of bitterness has been building up. Matters come to a head when his fifteen-year-old daughter Lydia goes missing, and is eventually found dead.
The loss of Lydia threatens to destroy the Lees’ marriage as Lydia was the favorite of their three children, a daughter in whom their hopes for a perfect future had been placed. This family novel is also a mystery as the circumstances of Lydia’s death are largely unknown. Marilyn Lee makes it her mission to “figure out what happened… She will find out who is responsible. She will find out what went wrong.”
Ng’s thought-provoking tale informs us that a sudden tragedy can either destroy individuals or give them the chance to start anew. And this unique, engaging novel reminds us that “the great American melting pot” operates haphazardly and imperfectly.
Tagged as A book review site, a novel, Audible Audio Edition, audio book, audiobook, book review, book review site, book review site wordpress, Cassandra Campbell, Celeste Ng, Chinese Americans, debut novel, discrimination, Everything I Never Told You, family novel, hardbound book release, How Can I Tell You, James Lee, Joseph Arellano, Joseph's Reviews, Kindle Edition, mystery, new authors, new book releases, racial discrimination, racism, Read by Cassandra Campbell, recommended books, the American melting pot, The Penguin Press, tragedy, Unabridged audio book, Wordpress book review site
Poor, Poor Pitiful Me
The Next Best Thing: A Novel by Jennifer Weiner (Atria Books, $26.99, 400 pages; AudioWorks Audio, Unabridged on 11 CDs, $39,99)
Songs Without Words: A Novel by Ann Packer (Vintage, $14.95, 384 pages; Random House Audio, Unabridged on 11 CDs, $34.95)
This review is a duet of sorts. Both books were read in the audio format. They explore what can happen when a young girl loses a parent or multiple parents. Ironically, each begins on a separate coast of the U.S.; however, all the main characters end up in California, albeit Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area, respectively. As we’re often told in self-help books and philosophical literature, it’s not the incident that shapes us, but rather, the way we react to it. Each of these tales packs a wallop of an incident.
In The Next Best Thing, we learn that young Ruthie Saunders endured the horror of an automobile crash that killed both her parents and maimed her for life. Ruthie’s face is mangled on one side, as is her body. She has the good fortune to be the granddaughter of a truly kind and loving woman who steps in and gives her a life filled with hope and understanding.
Although Ruthie braved numerous painful surgeries over the years and the unsympathetic stares of her classmates, she persevered. Her scars and physical limitations are vivid and readily noticeable but her spirit is strong. Together with her beloved grandma, Trudy, Ruthie travels from the East Coast to take on the daunting challenge of breaking into the Hollywood television writing scene. She becomes a promising comedy writer in Hollywood and even has a boyfriend. The story takes on a sense of urgency when Ruthie’s autobiographical sitcom script is given the green light and is produced as a television show.
For sixteen-year-old Sarabeth life had always been difficult. Her mom had overwhelming difficulties with depression that overshadowed the family. Luckily for Sarabeth, her best friend Liz – who lived across the street in upscale Palo Alto, California – had a loving and good-natured family that helped to balance her life. This difficult yet somewhat stable life was destroyed when Sarabeth’s mom committed suicide. In this case, Liz’ family took her in and provided a home when Sarabeth’s father fled to the East Coast.
Despite years of loving friendship from Liz, Sarabeth nearly wallows in self-pity and neediness despite her outward good looks. Her choices in men run to ones who are married with children. Her career is limited to small artsy projects and a meek existence in a somewhat-dilapidated cottage behind another house in Berkeley. The real challenge comes when Liz’ daughter acts on her own suicidal impulses. Liz is unable to grasp how her robotic take on life has failed her daughter. The supportive friendship between Sarabeth and Liz falls apart.
Given the remarkable parallels, these two tales could not be more dissimilar. Both of these authors are well-known and very successful; however, Jennifer Weiner demonstrates her ability to craft engaging, sympathetic, and dare I say, spunky characters. This reviewer’s attention was fully focused on Ruthie and her life while Sarabeth provoked a slight revulsion due to her clueless self-pity and lack of empathy. Ann Packer chose to portray a pair of lifeless and clueless women whose plights evoked barely a stirring of compassion. In fact, a song title for a review of this book could easily have been, Get Over It.
As always, the narrators contributed significantly by literally setting the tone for the listener. Olivia Thirlby gave Ruthie in The Next Best Thing a youthful, optimistic and somewhat naive voice. She drew this listener in and brought out feelings of caring and hope for Ruthie and Grandma Trudy.
Conversely, Cassandra Campbell’s pervasive monotone was heavy and lacked the necessary inflections that produce engagement in the listener. To her credit, Campbell had a difficult assignment as she portrayed Sarabeth, Liz and her daughter.
The Next Best Thing is Highly Recommended, while Songs Without Words has a limited audience – folks who don’t mind devoting the time and money this difficult story requires.
These audiobooks were purchased by the reviewer’s husband.
Tagged as a novel, Ann Packer, Audible Audio Edition, audiobooks, Berkeley, book review, California, Cassandra Campbell, chick lit, family novels, fiction, Get Over It, hardbound book release, Holllywood, Jennifer Weiner, Joseph's Reviews, Kindle Edition, Los Angeles, national bestseller, New York Times bestselling author, Nook Book, Olivia Thirlby, Palo Alto, Poor Poor Pitiful Me, popular fiction, recommended books, Ruta Arellano, Ruthie Saunders, San Francisco, San Francisco Bay Area, Songs Without Words, The Dive From Clausen's Pier, The Next Best Thing, trade paperback, tragedies, TV writers, unabridged audiobooks, women's literature, Wordpress book review site
Did Not Survive: A Zoo Mystery by Ann Littlewood (Poisoned Pen Press; $14.95; 250 pages)
This second novel from former zookeeper Ann Littlewood, pits human nature against the honesty of zoo animals for a compelling read. A fictitious zoo in the Pacific Northwest provides the location for a unique spin on an age-old tale of a heroine in peril. The main character is Iris Oakley who is not only a recently widowed zoo employee, but also pregnant with her deceased husband’s baby.
In this story there are actually two heroines in peril, Iris Oakley and an aged elephant named Damrey. Damrey has been a favorite of local families who visit her at the zoo. Author Littlewood makes a case for the depth of knowledge required of zoo personnel. It’s not just sweeping up after the animals and making sure they have their favorite foods. Behavior, instincts and training are well documented for a wide range of the zoo’s inhabitants. There are births and deaths that tear at the hearts of the staff.
Littlewood opens the mystery with the death of the zoo superintendent, a fellow who was good at his job but not well liked. He’s discovered in Damrey’s enclosure being menaced by the very agitated elephant. Iris is the first on the scene and it falls to her to assist in determining who is responsible for the super’s death.
Along the way we get to know the elephants. They have not been part of her job until the discovery of the body in their enclosure. Her regular charges are the big cats; however, pregnant women must not empty cat pans, big or small. Iris is a remarkable character who captured this reviewer’s sympathies.
Well recommended. Let’s hope Ms. Littlewood keeps writing about what she knows so well as she provides entertainment bundled with fascinating learning.
This review was written by Ruta Arellano. A review copy was provided by the publisher.
Tagged as a novel, A Zoo Mystery, animal births, animal deaths, animals, Ann Littlewood, At the Zoo, audiobook, big cats, Blackstone Audio, book review, Cassandra Campbell, compelling mystery, Damrey the elephant, death, Did Not Survive, elephants, entertainment, human nature, Iris Oakley, Joseph's Reviews, learning, MP3 audio, murder, mystery, Night Kill, novel, Oregon Zoo, Pacific Northwest, Poisoned Pen Press, pregnant women, Preloaded Digital Audio Player, recommended books, Ruta Arellano, Simon and Garfunkel, unabridged audiobook, Vancouver, who done it, wild animals, zoo superintendent, zookeeper, zoos
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intellectualIP
intellectualIP is a Briggs and University of Minnesota Law School – Educational Co-sponsor Blog
Federal Circuit Holds Medical Diagnostics Patent Invalid under 35 USC 101.
Posted by Nelson R. Capes
The Federal Circuit, in a three-judge panel, recently decided a medical diagnostics patent case that has an unusual concurrence written by one of the three judges, Judge Linn. In Ariosa Diagnostics, Inc. et.al. v. Sequenom, Inc. et.al. (Fed. Cir. June 12, 2015), (“Sequenom”) the Court affirmed a district court summary judgment holding that U.S. Patent No. 6,258,540 (“the ‘540 patent”) is invalid under 35 U.S.C. § 101 as not directed to patent eligible subject matter.
The Court based its holding on Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheous Laboratories, Inc., 566 U.S. __, 132 S. Ct. 1289 (2012) (“Mayo”).
The ‘540 patent claims a method for detecting cell-free fetal DNA (“cffDNA”) in maternal blood samples. A sample claim of the ‘540 patent is:
A method for detecting a paternally inherited nucleic acid of fetal origin performed on a maternal serum or plasma sample from a pregnant female, which method comprises: amplifying a paternally inherited nucleic acid from the serum or plasma sample and detecting the presence of a paternally inherited nucleic acid of fetal origin in the sample.
The Court followed the two step Mayo method of determining subject matter eligibility for processes claiming the use of laws of nature, natural phenomena, and abstract ideas.
In the first step, the Court determines whether the claims at issue are “directed to” a patent-ineligible concept. Here, the Court held that the claims are directed to a natural phenomenon because the method “begins and ends with a natural phenomenon.”
In the second step, the Court determines whether “additional elements ‘transform the nature of the claim’ into a patent-eligible application.” Here, the Court held that the claims do not pass the second step because “the method steps were well-understood, conventional and routine.”
In its analysis, the Court, citing Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank Int’l, __ U.S. __, 134 S. Ct. 2347, 2354 (2014), (“Alice”) “made clear that the principle of preemption is the basis of the judicial exceptions to patentability.” However, the Court also stated that “[W]here a patent’s claims are deemed only to disclose patent ineligible subject matter under the Mayo framework, as they are in this case, preemption concerns are fully addressed and made moot.” The Court declined to adopt the appellee’s “distinction among natural phenomena based on whether or not they will interfere signifcantly with innovation in other fields now or in the future.” The Court also stated that the Supreme Court has instructed that a “[g]roundbreaking, innovative or even brilliant discovery does not by itself satisfy the § 101 inquiry.” Assn for Molecular Biology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., 569 U.S. __, 133 S. Ct. 2107, 2117 (2013) (“Myriad”).
Judge Linn wrote a concurring opinion but stated he was doing so “only because I am bound by the sweeping language of the test set out in [Mayo].” He further explained:
“The Supreme Court’s blanket dismissal of conventional post-solution steps leaves no room to distinguish Mayo from this case, even though here no one was amplifying and detecting paternally-inherited cffDNA using the plasma or serum of pregnant mothers.”
Sequenom is notable for the stringent application of the Mayo analysis even in the case of (admittedly) an absence of prior art and the presence of a “new way that revolutionized prenatal care.” This is an indication of the Federal Circuit’s new obeisance to its chastising by the Supreme Court in Alice, Mayo, and Myriad. However, Judge Linn’s concurrence suggests that not all of the members of the Court fully subscribe.
Posted in Patent
Comments Off on Federal Circuit Holds Medical Diagnostics Patent Invalid under 35 USC 101.
Tags: "patentable subject matter", Patents, Supreme Court, The Federal Circuit
Invalidity
IP Contracts
Other IP
Dan Rosenberg
Gerald E. Helget
Karen McDaniel
Michael Lafeber
Nelson R. Capes
Scott M. Flaherty
Thomas F. Cotter
The postings on this site were created for informational purposes only. Nothing on this site constitutes legal advice or creates an attorney-client relationship. For more information, click here. Opinions expressed on this blog do not reflect University of Minnesota support or endorsement of Briggs and Morgan or of any other non-university entity cited or linked to on this site.
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Rock? Or classical? Sometimes, good content is difficult to classify. But once you find someone good, it almost always works out (well, except for the last chord–what happened there?).
I’ve mentioned before–when I find an author I like, I read everything they’ve ever written. This works for music, too. It’s a safe strategy, for the most part. But it does send me searching on a regular basis for someone new to love. Writers simply can’t write as fast as I can read. It’s one of the reasons that as a writer I don’t feel like I’m in competition with others in my genre–writing is a slow, slow process.
So for the last year, I’ve gone on an adventure of searching for new authors to love. I’ve read multiple collections of short stories, old and new. And I also read a few biographies, notably Isaac Asimov’s last book, where he describes not only his life but also the history of the science fiction as it became its own literary category. [A bit of an aside: I met Isaac Asimov in New York many years ago at a science fiction convention. I thought he was a total *ss in person. His autobiography confirms it. But I still like his stories. So if not liking the author as a person is a dealbreaker for you (it is for me…mostly), then don’t read his autobiographies (yes, he wrote more than one).] Incorporating scientific ideas and logical reasoning into storylines had happened before Asimov started to write, of course. Jules Vern and H. G. Wells and Edgar Rice Burroughs and Mary Shelly have been pushing the boundaries for many decades before the Great Isaac came on the scene. But the golden age of science fiction didn’t really take off until after World War II. Asimov and his cohort of fiction writers rode the wave. They all knew each other, edited and introduced each other’s work, and published in all the same magazines. It was rather an incestuous affair, but it lifted the fledgling genre from the throwaway sections of candy stores to a recognized and respected literature. It made possible every story that came since, every favorite author I’ve ever read. When life was bleak, science fiction saw me through it. And in the age when the impossible becomes possible every day, people who are able to think of these im-possibilities are not only fun for a few hours of amusement but are indispensable to understanding our reality. That’s why we are so taken with Star Trek and Star Wars and Westworld and Firefly and Red Dwarf and Man in the High Castle and Futurama and Stargate and Babylon 5 and so many more (here’s a nice list from the Rolling Stone Magazine). Each shows us something of a preview for a possible future. [My husband said we now live in the golden age of TV…] But the TV shows are but a tiny keyhole into the fantastical stories that are available in books…
Since I’ve expanded my reading list to include a lot of unknown (to me) material, I’ve learned a bit about what I hate in storytelling–a valuable thing to know for any author. I hate tech talk that has no foundation in real scientific ideas. When I invest my time in a story, I want to learn something. I don’t want my eye to just slide through gobbledygook for the sake of cool-sounding words. Putting quantum or i- in front of ordinary words is not a substitute for real research. If the author has something interesting to say, I want to hear it in plain language, using scientific or technical language that is well-researched and well-motivated. Fancy invented words are not really a plus. Words that hide a lack of real information are even worse. When Star Trek the Next Generation first aired, I couldn’t watch it because the first episode talked about a “chunk of a star” that was about to hit the Enterprise! Lost me…for years. [Please note that “tech talk” is NOT the same as cool words that are not commonly used. I’m very fond of those and of linguistic trends like borrowing the vocabulary from one language by another to express something new.]
I hate endless peril loops–I wrote about that before. Yes, a story is a compressed…distilled form of everything that could go wrong with a hero. But at some point, things become comical and not fun to read anymore. I see this more often with books that become serialized–when there are 20 books per one set of characters, it is easy to get lost in endless peril loops and readers get a severe peril loop fatigue. The thing is that serials sell…or at least they feel like a safer bet for publishers. If the first book sells well, why bet on a completely other set of characters? Just pump them out… And for writers its a bit easier too. First of all, they might make more money–write the first book, leave a hook for a second, etc. The setting and character development are done at the get-go for the second book. Cheaper to advertise too. This hasn’t been my strategy…
Strange and weird sells…not for me. I read a few books last year that I would call “avant-garde” storytelling. Sentences that ran for several pages, punctuation was optional, storylines virtually non-existant. I did manage to finish most of these–I have a strong work ethic and feel bad abandoning a book in mid-read. But time is short. Science or science fiction, I want interesting ideas. I don’t want my reading time to be a chore. I only have so many hours left to read…
And finally, writing on topics that are in vogue rather than those that one is passionate about. It is easy to tell a knock off–you can tell exactly how the story will turn out because you’ve read it many times before. I want to read books in which the writer’s passion and joy for a topic shine through. Perhaps those books might end up a bit dense in places (mine do), but what a ride!
And with that in mind, here are a few books for your reading pleasure.
Amazon developed a program where for a membership fee, one can read as many books as one likes (or has time for) for free! For some readers, this has been a godsend. I chose NOT to be a member. I just pay for my books (I usually wait until they go on sale for the authors I don’t know well, but I pay for my books nonetheless). I feel like Amazon manipulates the readers and the writers…well, I KNOW it does. When a book is part of this program, the author is NOT allowed to sell their ebooks anywhere else! But a good book for free is still a great deal! Most of my books are available via this program (as a small indie author, what choice is there?). But if my stories get read, how can I really complain? Well, I can grumble a little…grrrr…
So here’s a link to my Amazon Page. Most of my books are hard sci-fi, although Amazon controls that, too. I recently noticed that my time travel adventure/fantasy, Twin Time, was listed in the Space Marine Science Fiction eBooks… So yeah…
And here’s a book from a fellow indie writer:
It is the first of three (so far) and it is available for free for Kindle Unlimited members.
Everything is on the table when survival’s at stake.
Captain James Henry is caught between a rock and a hard place–again. Merchant ships operating in neutral space near the Terran Coalition and the League of Sol are disappearing without a trace. The latest report has something the others didn’t.
A survivor.
When news reaches the planet Lusitania during a cargo offload, Captain Henry and the Shadow Wolf’s crew are hired to extract the surviving operative before she’s silenced and the information she has is lost.
But too many opposing forces are at work within the faction-torn republic–and they all want a piece of the prize.
With directives from multiple government contacts, Captain Henry concedes to protect his ragtag crew. Years ago, he surrendered to dishonor and dismissal from the Coalition Defense Force in order to protect his fellow officers. This time he knows how to play the game.
To save his band of brothers and sisters, Jim must walk a fine line between the operative’s survival and the threats against his crew from the League of Sol.
Before the time to negotiate runs out.
So far, it has a few favorable reviews–please make sure to add a few more, if you enjoy the book!
Time Travel Books
Covers tell a lot about books–they are mini ads for the stories hidden within. Many time travel books are really historical romances that allow for a heroine or a hero to be transported into another time and place–a recurrent fantasy for many (at least for those who don’t know enough about bathroom accommodations and toilet paper choices before nineteenth-century…enough said). Of course, that’s not what my stories tend to be about…but then historical romances sell better than stories about autistic children trapped in a time loop (a MacGuffin used as an exploration of the psychological and cognitive landscape of families coping with Autism in “Twin Time”).
Enjoy all of these books while they are available on Kindle Unlimited: Time Travel & Historical Fantasy
Godly Books
Judging by these covers, there are books in this collection that will satisfy a lot of different tastes in stories. My contribution is, of course, a bit on the creepy horror side…but to each their own. Enjoy all of these books while they are available on Kindle Unlimited: Gods & Goddesses Book Fair
Please read, enjoy, and leave a review.
Tags:Kindle Unlimited Peril Loop Peril Loop Fatigue Science Fiction tech talk time travel writing
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Background Knowledge, Cultural Bias, Cultural Differences, Newsletter, Pipsqueak Articles, Users
The Wheel of Culture
by Olga Werby May 25, 2019
Societies continuously try to recreate themselves — shared holidays, shared news, shared traditions, shared language, shared music, shared myths, shared victories, and shared griefs. Shared origins… So by telling each other stories, we recreate ourselves over and over again. Where do we come from? Where are we going? Who are…
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Pasadena Museum of History
Anuja Navare
research@pasadenahistory.org
http://www.pasadenahistory.org/research
Show More Contact Information
Mailing Name:
Research Library and Archives, Pasadena Museum of History
Institution Type:
The Research Library and Archives has been collecting material relating to the history of Pasadena since 1924. The archives contains approximately 1 million historic images (including photos, negatives, postcards, stereographs) of Pasadena and surrounding areas. There are 45 cubic feet of maps and plans of the area, as well as a set of Sanborm fire insurance maps for Pasadena. There is a large collection of ephemera, scrapbooks, and photo albums relating to the history of the city. There are about 250 special collections, including the Sylvanus Marston set of architectural drawings; the Tournament of Roses Collection; the Giddings-Hollingsworth Family Collection; the Fenyes-Curtin-Paloheimo Papers; the Black History Collection; the Hugh Anderson/Model Grocery Company Collection. There are more than 1,000 books and 50 linear feet of periodicals on the history of the city and general Southern California area, including a nearly complete run of Pasadena city directories from 1895-1976.
Pasadena and surrounding area
1848-1899, 1900-1920, 1921-1949, 1950-1963, 1964-1980, 1981-Present
African Descent, Artistic Communities, Asian Descent, At or Below Poverty Level, Clubs/Service/Social Organizations, Community Service Organizations, Education, Highest Income, Lower to Middle Income, Middle to Upper Income, Sports
Access and Management
Available To Public?:
Online Catalog URL:
http://www.oac.cdlib.org/institutions/Pasadena+Museum+of+History
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Design, Ground Conditions Test on Austin Interchange (Source: ENR Texas)
By Louise Poirier
After nearly 30 years, the MoPac Expressway intersections at Slaughter Lane and La Crosse Avenue in southwest Austin were in desperate need of an update. They were built in 1992, and since then the city’s population has nearly doubled, as has the traffic that travels MoPac daily. An estimated 21,000 cars traversed MoPac every day in 2010, and that figure is projected to reach 66,700 by 2030.
“The project was needed because there’s not enough capacity, and so there were major backups in peak hours,” explains Bob Austin, vice president with Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam Inc. (LAN), design engineer on the project.
In 2013, the Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority and the Texas Dept. of Transportation conducted an environmental study to determine the best options to reduce travel times and enhance safety at both intersections. TxDOT decided to construct underpasses at Slaughter Lane and La Crosse Avenue and relocate the MoPac main lanes under these two intersections. The main lanes, two in each direction, would be built inside the existing MoPac lanes, while the existing MoPac lanes would be rebuilt and serve as ramps to carry main lane traffic to Slaughter and La Crosse.
While the intersection at La Crosse is configured as a standard diamond interchange, the interchange at Slaughter is configured as a diverging diamond interchange (DDI). This will be the first DDI within the city limits, and the second built in the greater Austin area.
“So this project will not only add capacity, but it will also increase safety and it eliminates a lot of turning conflicts with a DDI at Slaughter. It will really help move the traffic safely,” Austin says.
TxDOT selected LAN in 2014 as the lead design engineer; the firm is also providing construction phase services. In August 2017, the $53.5-million design-bid-build project was awarded to general contractor Webber LLC. Construction began in January 2018 and is scheduled for completion in 2021.
CLICK HERE TO READ COMPLETE STORY
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JPOSS
Japanese Politics Online Seminar Series
Ayumi Teraoka (Princeton), “Third Party Coercion and Gray Zone Conflicts: Assessing U.S. Foreign Policy over the East China Sea, 2008-2014”
November 12, 2020 @ 8:00 pm - 9:00 pm EST
« Deirdre Martin (UC Berkeley), “Quiet Acquisition: The Politics of Justification in Military Capability Trajectories”
Takako Hikotani (Columbia), Yusaku Horiuchi (Dartmouth), Atsushi Tago (Waseda), “U.S. Military Should Not Be in My Backyard: A Case of Okinawa” »
U.S. EDT: November 12 (Thu), 8 – 9 pm
JST: November 13 (Fri), 10 – 11 am
NOTE: Registration required! Link.
Paper can be found here.
Abstract: The United States engaged in dual deterrence over the East China Sea dispute from 2008-2014, dissuading both China and Japan from taking escalatory behavior. Contrary to what dual deterrence theory predicts, however, this U.S. approach failed to deescalate the situation. By process-tracing and examining the consequences of U.S. intervention or lack thereof, this article finds that dual deterrence in the gray zone conflict requires the third-party to act decisively and issue early threats and assurances against revisionist actions. It aims to contribute to scholarly debates on both dual deterrence and gray zone conflicts and offer policy implications.
Presenter: Ayumi Teraoka (Princeton).
Discussants: Tim Crawford (Boston College), Mike Mochizuki (George Washington University).
Chair: Phillip Y. Lipscy (University of Toronto).
8:00 pm - 9:00 pm EST
© 2021 JPOSS
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Keely's Korner
I just like to mention the fun stuff in entertainment.
« JESSICA WHITE (MODEL) ACCUSES NICK CANNON OF HIDING BRITTANY BELL’S SECOND PREGNANCY IN A TELL-ALL INTERVIEW
CELEBRITY NEWS: JANUARY 11, 2021 »
FIRST LOOK/ ON TV/ WEEKEND BOX OFFICE
http://www.eonline.com/news
ON TELEVISION (MONDAY 1/11/21)
ACORN TV: Finding Joy (Premiere)
DISCOVERY: Street Outlaws (Premiere) at 8p
DISCOVERY: Street Outlaws: Mega Cash Days (Premiere) at 9pm
HGTV: Ty Breaker (Premiere) at 9pm
NBC: A Little Late With Lilly Singh (Premiere) at 1:35am
OVATION TV: Crossing Lines (Premiere) at 7pm
PBS: American Experience (Premiere) at 9pm
USA: Straight Up Steve Austin (Premiere) at 11pm
Roku is taking a deep dive into original programming with the acquisition of global distribution rights for over 75 shows from Quibi, the short-lived, short-form mobile streaming company. Programming will be available later this year, free with advertising on The Roku Channel. “The most creative and imaginative minds in Hollywood created groundbreaking content for Quibi that exceeded our expectations,” said Quibi Founder Jeffrey Katzenberg. “We are thrilled that these stories, from the surreal to the sublime, have found a new home on The Roku Channel.”
(Source: Cynopsis)
Twitter permanently banned President Trump’s personal account, after Friday afternoon tweets it said violated the company’s policy against the glorification of violence. “After close review of recent Tweets from the @realDonaldTrump account and the context around them we have permanently suspended the account due to the risk of further incitement of violence,” said Twitter, adding that the tweets “were highly likely to encourage and inspire people to replicate the criminal acts that took place at the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021.” Trump attempted to use other accounts, including @POTUS, to react, but most of those messages were quickly removed. In a statement, the president said he was negotiating with other sites and looking at building “our own platform.”
While many conservatives have gravitated to social media platform Parler as a Twitter alternative, Apple and Google removed the app from their app stores; Amazon said it would remove the company from its web-hosting service late last night. “In order to protect user safety on Google Play, our longstanding policies require that apps displaying user-generated content have moderation policies and enforcement that removes egregious content like posts that incite violence,” said a Google spokesperson. “We’re aware of continued posting in the Parler app that seeks to incite ongoing violence in the U.S.” Said Amazon in a letter to Parler, “We cannot provide services to a customer that is unable to effectively identify and remove content that encourages or incites violence against others.” Responded Parler chief executive John Matze in a text to the NY Times, “Big tech really wants to kill competition.”
NBC News’ Peter Alexander and Kristen Welker will serve as chief White House correspondents covering the Biden administration, with Hallie Jackson moving to the role of senior Washington correspondent and Andrea Mitchell becoming chief Washington correspondent.
The NFL agreed to allow CBS, Fox and NBC to sell an additional two minutes of advertising during playoff games. To make the room, the NFL and the networks will each give up one promotional spot totalling one minute, and another minute of ad time will be added. The Super Bowl on CBS, which is commanding as much as $5.5 million per commercial on February 7, is excluded from the agreement.
A $204 million strategic investment from Charter Communications, Qurate Retail and Cerberus breathed new life into Comscore, allowing the measurement company to retire its debt. Charter will also provide enhanced access and rights to use its consumer-level data, and make Comscore its preferred local measurement provider. “The investment and commercial agreements we announced today will supercharge our ability to deliver trusted cross-platform measurement for all customers. We are built to deliver now,” said Bill Livek, CEO of Comscore, which will continue to operate as a standalone company under its current management.
Netflix scored the most nominations in TV categories for the Casting Society of America’s Artios Awards. The streamer picked up 12, followed by eight for HBO nd four for Hulu. A virtual ceremony is slated for April 15.
ABC handed a script commitment plus penalty to “August Snow,” a drama starring and executive produced by Keegan-Michael Key, centered on a man who returns to his Detroit roots and becomes a private investigator. The series comes from creator/EP Paul Eckstein, Imagine Television Studios, and CBS Studios.
The CW is not proceeding with “Arrow” spin-off “Green Arrow and the Canaries,” close to a year after the planted pilot aired during the last season of “Arrow.” A prequel to “The 100” is reportedly still in play.
Netflix reality series “Bling Empire,” following a wildly wealthy group of Asia and Asian-Americans in LA, launches Friday, January 15.
Season two of Nickelodeon’s “Are You Afraid of the Dark?: Curse of the Shadows” debuts Friday, February 12 at 8p, following a new group of Midnight Society kids haunted by the Shadowman.
Culinary reality series “The Event” launches Thursday, January 14 on HBO Max. The four-parter takes viewers into the kitchen of Wolfgang Puck’s catering company, as his team tackles exclusive events.
The first three episodes of Israeli drama series “Losing Alice” drop on Apple TV+ on Friday, January 22. The show follows a 48-year-old female film director who becomes obsessed with a young screenwriter femme fatale.
Among the movies set to make their debut Sunday nights at 7p on UPtv are “The Baby Proposal” on January 17; “Romance Retreat” on January 24; “Love Is a Piece of Cake” on January 31 and “Sincerely, Yours Truly” on February 14. The romance continues with premieres through March 21.
The premiere of ABC drama “Big Sky” rose to 14.7 million total viewers in multiplatform +35 days viewing, hitting a 3.97 rating among A18-49. The show’s Live+SD numbers were 4.2 million views and 0.68 in the demo.
On December 29, HGTV’s “Fixer to Fabulous” delivered its highest ratings performance since its October premiere: 0.75 Live+# rating among P25-54 and 1.03 Live+3 rating among W25-54. Attracting more than 4.4 million total viewers, the episode also delivered a 1.01 L+3 rating among upscale W25-54, a 0.91 among P2+ and a 1.74 L+3 household rating.
The premiere of ABC’s “Celebrity Wheel of Fortune” won Thursday with a 1.1 rating among A18-49 and 7.8 million viewers. Over at NBC, the debut of “Mr. Mayor” scored 0.6 in the demo and 4.9 million viewers at 8p, and 0.5/4.3 million at 8:30p, matching “Superstore” in the demo and handily beating its average 2.4 million viewers.
TLC was the #1 non-sports cable network in Prime the week of December 28 among W25-54/18-49/18-34 in Live+3 ratings, driven by the #1 non-sports cable program of the week, “90 Day Fiancé.” TLC was the #2 network in all of TV among W25-54/18-49/18-34 last Sunday night, seeing season highs for “90 Day Fiancé” and “Unexpected.”
OWN’s “The Haves & The Have Nots” averaged over 1.5 million P2+ and was the week’s most-watched telecast on all of TV among African-American W18+ the week of December 28 in Live+3 data, and was the week’s #1 non-sports cable telecast among African-American Households and P2+.
Artist Dave Creek died January 7 after a skydiving accident. In addition to serving as lead character designer on “Bob’s Burgers,” Creek’s credits included “Central Park,” “Brickleberry” and “Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown.”
Actor/rapper Deezer D died January 7 of a suspected heart attack. He was 55. Deezer (birth name Dearon Thompson) was best known to TV audiences for his role in “ER.”
Wonder Woman 1984 – $3 million
The Croods: A New Age – $1.8 million
News of the World – $1.2 million
Monster Hunter – $1.1 million
Fatale – $670K
(Source: Box Office Mojo)
This entry was posted on January 11, 2021 at 9:14 am and is filed under News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site.
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Argentina ready to ramp up claim to Falkland Islands ‘Fight to defend!’
ARGENTINA has demanded an “active presence” in the Falkland Islands with Buenos Aires appearing ready to ramp up a claim to it - 38 years after Britain went to war with the South American nation over the territory.
Malvinas, Antarctica and South Atlantic secretary Daniel Filmus expressed his anger that Argentina’s quest for the Falklands diminished before adding more aggression was needed from Argentina to win the land from the UK. He told a conference given at the headquarters of the Federation of University Teachers (FADUN) that "the intensity of the claim for sovereignty decreased greatly”. He then said Argentina “needs a very active presence to claim the start of negotiations” with the UK over the sovereignty of the archipelago.
He added: “We believe that the Malvinas issue should be a mandatory issue in all disciplines.
“It is linked to foreign policy, but also to legal issues, fishing, energy, and a whole set of aspects that our universities must consider.”
He said that “the fight to defend natural resources such as hydrocarbons, fisheries, biodiversity and mining was put aside”.
He added: “A good part of our university graduates must leave not only with knowledge of the Antarctic and the Argentine sovereignty over the Falklands, but we must also generate new knowledge on all these issues.”
The war over the Falkland Islands took place in 1982.
Up to 255 British servicemen were killed and 650 Argentine soldiers.
Argentine forces invaded the Falklands – known in Spanish as Islas Malvinas – and so Margaret Thatcher led British military to defend the British Overseas Territory.
Britain won, but tensions have remained over the Islands’s sovereignty ever since.
Commentators fear the newly elected President, Alberto Fernandez, and his Vice-President, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner (a former President herself), will act on their electoral promise to renew claims over the islands.
However, a deal was once almost struck between the UK and Argentina to share the archipelago according to an unearthed article.
Writing in The Telegraph in March 2012, Barney Henderson revealed: “The deal was accepted in 1974 by President Juan Domingo Peron with ‘euphoria’ but was never conclude because he died three weeks after the offer was made.”
Mr Peron was the founder of the Peronism movement, which both Mr Fernandez and Ms Fernandez de Kirchner are keen followers of.
The document itself was seen by the Argentina newspaper La Nacion, and was a “non-official document” from the British Foreign Office, relied in an attempt to settle the dispute.
The document explained: “The British and Argentine flags would fly side by side and the official languages would be English and Spanish. All ‘belongers’ of the island would possess dual nationality.
“Before final agreement, the Islands would have to be formally consulted and their acceptance sought by some form of popular representation.
“On this basis, Her Majesty’s Government propose that, if the Argentine Government agree, official or preliminary official talks should take place in Buenos Aires as soon as possible.”
The British ambassador to Argentina James Hutton gave the unofficial note to the Argentine foreign minister Alberto Vignes at a meeting in June 1974.
The most terrifying words in the English language are: I'm from the government and I'm here to help.
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Tag Archives: lost time accident
“Only an Accident” is a very well written New York Times op-ed by a former hose and conveyor belting seller, Bruce MacHart, who describes countless manual labor related accidents he has seen over the years. He then compares the media’s reaction to the Boston Marathon bombing, where four people died and around 200 were injured last Monday, to a “fertilizer plant explosion in a small town called West [that] left more than a dozen dead and around 200 injured” in Texas two days later:
In the first hours after the fertilizer plant explosion, many commenters had wondered about the likelihood of foul play or terrorism. But once it was deemed an industrial accident, the hysterical coverage tapered off. We had nothing to fear from West; we could stop paying attention.
We tend to discount that which is accidental as somehow less tragic, less interesting, less newsworthy than the mayhem of agency. Lives have been “lost” in Texas, but in Boston, by God — lives have been “taken.”
Boston Marathon: Photo from www.bagnewsnotes.com/
Texas fertilizer plant explosion: Photo from Christian Science Monitor
Earlier in the piece, he cryptically describes the sense of the word “lost” in labor-related accidents:
Then there was the grisly story of the debarking drum, which is effectively a giant, spinning, kilnlike pipe into which one puts logs to strip them of their bark. Imagine a machine violent enough to tumble logs clean. Now imagine that machine loaded with a grown man. Who knows how such mistakes are made, but, so the story goes, he was still inside when the machine turned on. He was lost.
I often came back to that word — lost. It implies a certain negligence, a certain culpability, but it also suggests that what is lost might be found again. In those days, I routinely called on manufacturing facilities and mines and sawmills and petrochemical plants, and on company marquees all over town was the following phrase: “___ days since the last L.T.A.” L.T.A. stands for “lost time accident,” meaning an accident that caused an injured employee to miss future “time” at work.
He concludes that the loss of human life, no matter how it was lost, should be valued equally:
But this distinction means nothing to the victims or, I imagine, to their families. In Boston, in West, whether by sinister design or by accident, whether on a television-ready stage or hidden away in a rural factory, when people are hurt, when lives are lost, the essential human cost shouldn’t be lost on the living.
I think this is a beautiful piece that shows the media’s bias towards terror-related violence. But one crucial aspect that I don’t think MacHart touches upon is why viewers can identify with terror-related accidents more than labor ones. Especially in the United States, fewer and fewer people are working in manufacturing jobs. However, everyone can be the victim of a terror attack. I think this plays into the fear, that anyone can be affected.
He highlights the media’s ability to diagnose “the mayhem of agency” and “sinister design” behind terrorism rather than “by accident,” and explains this as the reason behind the media’s increased coverage of the Boston Marathon in comparison to the Texas fertilizer plant explosion. On the other hand, I also believe the media does this because they know that viewers will identify with acts of terror more than accidents.
Rating: Shit is complicated.
Posted on April 23, 2013 by Laura Rosbrow | Tagged accidents, Boston Marathon, Bruce MacHart, casualties, fear of terror, labor accidents, lost, lost time accident, Media, media coverage, memory, terrorism, Texas fertilizer plant explosion, The New York Times | 1 Reply
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LISTEN: Chaka Khan Teams Up with Major Lazer on “Like Sugar” EP
The queen of funk is back with her first new song in a decade
Press Association SIPA USA Today
“Like Sugar” marks funk legend Chaka Khan’s return after 11 years. The infectious track was released as part of a three-song EP featuring the original track, an extended version and a Major Lazer remix.
The extended version was first available only as an incredibly rare 12" single on Record Store day. Thankfully, the track is now available on all streaming platforms and you won’t need to pay hundreds of dollars for it on Ebay. Put the credit card away!
Listen to the song here:
Although we’re still anxiously awaiting more details, we do know that "Like Sugar" is set to appear on Chaka’s upcoming album. We’re welcoming her back with open arms!
Like Sugar
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Rock Hill Attorney Tyler Bathrick Named To 2019 Rising Stars List by Super Lawyers
Rock Hill, S.C. — Stewart Law Offices is proud to announce that Rock Hill personal injury attorney Tyler Bathrick was recently chosen as one of South Carolina’s 2019 Rising Stars by Super Lawyers.
Only 2.5 percent of attorneys nationwide are given the Rising Stars designation. They are selected after undergoing a multiphase review process that includes peer nominations, third-party research, and an ultimate approval by a panel of attorneys.
Super Lawyers is a rating service that puts together an annual list of outstanding lawyers who demonstrate a high level of peer recognition and professional achievement in every state. The purpose is to help consumers find the quality and skill they are looking for during the attorney selection process. To be eligible for the award, attorneys must be 40 years old or younger or in practice for 10 years or less.
“It’s an honor to be named as one of South Carolina’s Rising Stars,” says Bathrick, a 2006 graduate of the University of South Carolina School of Law. “Knowing that I have earned the confidence of my peers is important for building credibility in the legal community and providing reassurance to potential clients.”
Bathrick has earned an excellent rating by the legal directory Avvo. He is also a member of the York County Bar Association and the Injured Workers’ Advocates.
A native of South Bend, Ind., Bathrick has extensive experience in workers’ compensation law. He trained under two former members of the S.C. Workers’ Compensation Commission and has handled hundreds of claims on behalf of hardworking South Carolina employees. He also represents victims injured in Rock Hill motor vehicle accidents and other personal injury claims.
His notable wins include:
$400,000 — Car accident
$215,000 — Workers’ compensation
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Last edited by Toll
3 edition of General description of Sir John Soane"s Museum found in the catalog.
General description of Sir John Soane"s Museum
with brief notices of some of the more interesting works of art.
by Sir John Soane"s Museum.
Published 1905 by Printed by Horace Hart in Oxford .
Sir John Soane"s Museum -- Catalogs.,
Painting, European -- Catalogs.
Genre Catalogs.
Pagination 78 p. [10] leaves of plates :
The aims of the Trustees today embody Soane’s general aims as defined in the Act and in the Order which superseded it. The principal aim of the Trustees is to maintain the integrity of Soane’s vision for the Museum while extending this, where appropriate, so that the Museum can play an increasing role in the Title: A Short Guide to Sir John Soane's Museum Item Condition: used item in a very good condition. Used-like N: The book pretty much look like a new book. There will be no stains or markings on the book, the cover is clean and crisp, the book will look unread, the only marks there may be are slight bumping marks to the edges of the book where it may have been on a shelf ://
Catalogue of the library in Sir John Soane's Museum Sir John Soane's Museum. RA Collection: Book Record number 12/ Author Sir John Soane's Museum Imprint London: Wyman & Sons, Physical Description p.: 23 cm. General Note Title page has a /catalogue-of-the-library-in-sir-john-soanes-museum. The celebrated British architect Sir John Soane () created his extraordinary house-museum from three properties in Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. There, Soane exhibited an array of artifacts. This is the first major illustrated history of and guide to the museum, with exclusive images by renowned photographer Derry ://
General description of Sir John Soane's Museum, with brief notices of some of the more interesting works of art. By Sir John Soane's Museum. Abstract "This small work is little more than an abridgement of that printed in quarto by Sir John Soane, in the year , under the title of "Description of the house and museum on the north side of Sir John Soane, an architect and avid collector of art and antiquities, spent years designing in his Lincoln's Inn Fields home and curating his collections within it. As Tom Drysdale highlights, an extra-illustrated volume in the British Library reveals how Soane's unique house-museum ://
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Great debates at the United Nations
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General description of Sir John Soane"s Museum by Sir John Soane"s Museum. Download PDF EPUB FB2
This complete description serves as an essential companion for anyone wishing to explore Sir John Soane's Museum, providing an insightful summary for both the casual visitor and the scholarly researcher alike.
This new edition of the official 'Description' is the latest in a long line of detailed accounts of the Museum which all trace their origins back to Soane's own description of his house General Description of Sir John Soane's Museum by John Soane (Author) ISBN ISBN Why is ISBN important.
ISBN. This bar-code number lets you verify that you're getting exactly the right version or edition of a book. The digit and digit formats both work.
› Books › New, Used & Rental Textbooks › Humanities. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for A Complete Description of Sir John Soane’s Museum Book The Fast Free Shipping at the best online prices at › eBay › Books › Nonfiction Books.
"This small work is little more than an abridgement of that printed in quarto by Sir John Soane, in the yearunder the title of 'Description of the house and museum on the north side of Lincoln's Inn Fields, the residence of Sir John Soane.' This museum is one of the most atmospheric and fascinating in London.
The Georgian building was the beautiful, bewitching home of architect Sir John Soane (–), which he bequeathed to the nation through an Act of Parliament on condition that it remain untouched after his death and free to :// To distinguish his edited version of the Description from the curatorial narratives crafted by Soane, Bailey issued the text, which came out inwith an altered name: A General Description of Sir John Soane‘s Museum with Brief Notices of Some of the More Interesting Works of Art :// About this Item: Printed by The Trustees, London, Original Wraps.
Condition: Fine. 1st Edition. 82 p. + 32 plates with 41 ill.; 7 floor plans in text. "It is a new description because, unlike its predecessors, from toit does not use Sir John Soane's original text as the main thread".
General Description of Sir John Soane's Museum: With Brief Notices of Some of the More Interesting Works of Art by Sir John Soane's Museum | Hardcover?k=sir+john+soane. Sir John Soane's Museum in London's Lincoln's Inn Fields is the historic house, museum and library of distinguished 19th century architect Sir John Soane.
At Soane's request, the house has been left untouched since his death - almost years ago. The tiny museum hasvisitors a year and was a finalist for the Arts Fund Museum of the › Arts & Photography › Architecture › Types of Architecture.
Sir John Soane’s Museum. Sir John Soane lived here. He was born in and died in He liked to buy interesting things to keep in his house. You can look at them in the museum. It is full of paintings, statues, and lots more. It is free to visit. Everyone is :// General description of Sir John Soane's Museum: with brief notices of some of the more interesting works of art Sir John Soane's Museum [ Book: ] View online (access conditions) At 3 libraries The Soane Museum is the extraordinary house of Sir John Soane, one of the greatest English architects, who built and lived in it more than a century and a half ago.
The Museum has been kept as it was at the time of his death nearly years :// Description. The main feature of Sir John Soane’s Breakfast Room is the canopy-domed ceiling which seems to hang over the middle of the room. The shallow dome springing from a square base was one of Soane’s favourite motifs, so much so that First published as A New description of Sir John Soane's Museum in ng may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability.
pages. Seller Inventory # Sir John Soane's Museum. General description of Sir John Soane's Museum. Oxford: Printed by H.
Hart, (OCoLC) Named Person: John Soane, Sir: Document Type: Book: All Authors / Contributors: Sir John Soane's Museum. OCLC Number: Notes: In the 18th and early 19th centuries, London was a city filled with cabinets of curiosity, lusus naturae, and bourgeoning public museums.
Most of these institutions publicized their holdings through newspaper advertisements, leaflets, and SIR JOHN SOANE’S MUSEUM THE ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR1 APRIL TO 31 MARCH sir john soane’s museum 13 lincoln’s inn fields london wc2a 3bp tel: fax: PUBLISHED PURSUANT TO THE GOVERNMENT RESOURCES AND ACCOUNTS ACT (AUDIT OF PUBLIC BODIES) ORDER SI/ And Mrs.
John Soane, Miss Soane, And Captain Chamier, &c. &c.', plain edges, in composite volume assembled by A.T. Bolton for the use of Curators of Sir John Soane's Museum, May This is the only copy with the plates of Pitzhanger as called for in the title; see general note Sir John Soane RA FSA FRS (/ s oʊ n /; né Soan; 10 September – 20 January ) was an English architect who specialised in the Neo-Classical style.
The son of a bricklayer, he rose to the top of his profession, becoming professor of architecture at the Royal Academy and an official architect to the Office of received a knighthood in This 16 page guidebook is a room by room account of Sir John Soane's Museum and its collections.
Comes with the plan to the museum, which includes the new spaces. Shipping times: Due to the nature of the museum we can only ship orders from Tuesday to Fridays.
Orders are sent out the next working day via UK First Class. Delivery to the rest of the world is Standard Shipping and will have. Full text of "General description of Sir John Soane's museum, with brief notices of some of the more interesting works of art" See other formats arV General Description OF Sir John Soane's Museum WITH BHIEF XOTICES OP SOME OF The More Interesting Works of Art NINTH EDITION REVISED AND ENLARGED WITH 40 ILLUSTRATIONS AND PLANS Printed at Oxford by Horace Hart Sir John Soanes’s Museum, London, has mounted a crowdfunding campaign with the aim of raising £15, to restore one of the frames in its care.
This belongs to a painting - The snake in the grass - which was particularly significant to Soane because of his personal connection with the artist, Sir Joshua Reynolds. However, Sir John Soane's Museum. New description of Sir John Soane's Museum.
[London] The Trustees [] (OCoLC) Named Person: John Soane: Document Type: Book: All Authors / Contributors: Sir John Soane's Museum. OCLC Number: Notes: Includes index. Description: 81 pages illustrations 22 cm
erum-c.com - General description of Sir John Soanes Museum book © 2020
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Authors: Mary Shelley , Maurice Hindle
A terrifying vision of scientific progress without moral limits, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein leads the reader on an unsettling journey from the sublime beauty of the Swiss alps to the desolate waste of the arctic circle. This Penguin Classics edition is edited with an introduction and notes by Maurice Hindle.Obsessed with the idea of creating life itself, Victor Frankenstein plunders graveyards for the material with which to fashion a new being, shocking his creation to life with electricity. But this botched creature, rejected by its creator and denied human companionship, sets out to destroy Frankenstein and all that he holds dear. Mary Shelley's chilling gothic tale was conceived when she was only eighteen, living with her lover Percy Shelley near Lord Byron's villa on Lake Geneva. It would become the world's most famous work of Gothic horror, and Frankenstein's monster an instantly-recognisable symbol of the limits of human creativity.Based on the third edition of 1831, this volume contains all the revisions Mary Shelley made to her story, as well as her 1831 introduction and Percy Shelley's preface to the first edition. This revised edition includes as appendices a select collation of the texts of 1818 and 1831 together with 'A Fragment' by Lord Byron and Dr John Polidori's 'The Vampyre: A Tale'.Mary Shelley (1797-1851) was the only daughter of the author and political philosopher William Godwin, and Mary Wollstonecraft, author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. In 1814 she eloped with poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, whom she married when his first wife died in 1816. She is best remembered as the author of Frankenstein, but she wrote several other works, including Valperga and The Last Man.If you liked Frankenstein, you might enjoy Bram Stoker's Dracula, also available in Penguin Classics.show more
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History & Founders
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Disabusing Others of Their Assumptions and Preconceptions
Black. White. Jewish. Christian. Male. Female. Curly hair. Straight hair. Every day, in every way, people make assumptions about others based on gender, affect, physical attributes, gestures, and accents. Shoshannah and Cedric Hart know a thing or two about this, as they have spent many years listening to what others think they know about them.
When the Arizona natives began dating more than 10 years ago-she was about to begin college at Arizona State University, he was finishing up there-they faced a barrage of questions from Cedric’s parents, devout Christians, about Shoshannah’s belief system.
“They asked me, ‘How do you celebrate Christmas? Why don’t you believe in Jesus?”‘ recalled Shoshannah, 28, who grew up in a strongly identified Reform Jewish home in Phoenix and attended a local Chabad synagogue, where she observed her Bat Mitzvah.
Jump ahead five years to their move to California, where Shoshannah, now a practicing attorney, went to law school, and Cedric, 32, found himself in the hot seat. The couple would be at a synagogue service or another Jewish gathering, and people would question whether Cedric was Jewish, since he is African American.
“It is kind of annoying,” Cedric, an elementary school physical education teacher, said, speaking in the present because questions of his Jewish identity still persist. “But I try to brush it off.”
Nevertheless, he conceded, the effect is alienating. “It kind of makes me feel pushed out.”
What both Harts would like people to know is that Cedric is every bit as Jewish as Shoshannah. He underwent conversion more than two years ago, after several years of serious study. He did so not because his then -fiancee asked him to-in fact, like traditional rabbis, she discouraged him until she was certain he was doing it for himself-but because he wanted to be Jewish like the children they planned to raise together.
“There are many Jews of Color”
Now the parents of a five-month-old son, Ezra, and three-year residents of San Diego, Shoshannah and Cedric find that living in North County affords them multiple opportunities to express themselves as Jews. Members of Congregation B’nai Tikvah in Carlsbad, they also participate in family programs at Cardiff’s Temple Solel, as well as many activities at The Hive and Coastal Roots Farm, including Great Outdoors Shabbat; Tu B’Av, a Jewish version of Valentine’s Day; and the Sukkot Harvest Festival. They said that they appreciate Leichtag Commons’ ability to attract San Diego Jews of all ages, colors, levels of observance, genders, and sexual orientations.
It is also why Shoshannah is drawn to Shalom Baby, a program run by San Diego’s Lawrence Family Jewish Community Center, which enables new parents and babies to meet each other. Through the group, she has become friendly with an LGBTQ mom and another participant married to a black man from Israel-a reminder, she said, that “there are Jews of many colors.”
Cedric added that he, too, is feeling the warm embrace of the San Diego Jewish community. For him, he said, it’s all about “joining in and talking to each other and learning.”
Reflecting the Jewish Values of Mitzvot and Tikkun Olam
Local emergency room physician Dr. Chad Valderrama is in awe of his wife, Julie Avanzino, who, he says, remains as graceful as the professional ballet dancer she once was.
He particularly marvels how Julie, who danced with major companies in Pittsburgh, Denver, and San Diego, has seamlessly adopted Jewish traditions and practices, though she was not born Jewish.
“While creating a Jewish home is important to all of us,” said Chad, who is 36, “Julie takes the lead in organizing” for the holidays, such as Sukkot, Hanukkah, and Passover. “So even though she has not converted, she is just as Jewish as I am.”
For her part, Julie, also 36, said that she welcomes being part of the San Diego Jewish community and feels embraced by it. This sense of belonging is important to Julie, the daughter of two chemists, an Italian-American father and Chinese-American mother.
“My parents are agnostics/atheists,” said Julie, who grew up with no religious identity in the Silicon Valley. “On the one hand, it is fine. On the other, holidays had no meaning to me.”
The couple, parents to infant daughter Olivia, with another baby on the way, said that the Jewish calendar allows them to take pause to reflect on the importance of life, love, and family and to observe the passage of time.
“San Diego has allowed us a lot of opportunities to explore who we are.”
In very concrete ways, said Chad, the son of a Jewish mother and Spanish father who converted to Judaism, the San Diego Jewish community, of which he is a product, helped shape his Jewish identity.
Growing up in La Jolla, Chad, along with his family, attended nearby Congregation Beth Israel. While synagogue life was important, there were Jewish-sponsored activities that opened his eyes to tikkun olam, the idea the Jews have a solemn responsibility to repair the world. In high school, he and other Jewish teens participated in Operation Understanding, traveling by bus to the Deep South to learn more about the ways in which American Jews worked with African-Americans during the Civil Rights Movement. He also took part in the Aaron Price Fellowship Program, sponsored by Price Philanthropies in San Diego, which enables San Diego public high school students from diverse backgrounds to come together to build friendships and to take part in civic-oriented experiences that promote lifelong commitments to their communities.
“San Diego has allowed us a lot of opportunities to explore who we are,” said Chad.
While the Avanzino-Valderrama family is not affiliated with a local synagogue—they are shul shopping—they come to The Hive and Coastal Roots Farm for a host of activities. “Olivia loves the chickens,” said Julie.
Julie also stays connected locally to families she and Chad met during Honeymoon Israel, a program that brings newly married interfaith and Jewish couples together for meaningful experiences in Israel. With the friends she made on that trip, she continues to engage in mitzvah activities that support those in need.
“These are all ways that reflect our values,” Chad said.
The San Diego Jewish Community as a Vehicle for Positive Change
Unlike her parents, a retired judge and estate planning attorney, and her brother, a civil rights lawyer who worked in the Obama Administration, Jessica Pressman does not use the law to effect the changes she believes are needed in her community. But the 44-year-old San Diego native, a professor of English at San Diego State University, did learn early on to call out injustices when she saw them and to strive to make the world a better place.
In San Diego, and, in particular, its Jewish community, Jessica and her husband of 17 years, Brad Lupien, a non-Jewish social-worker-and-teacher-turned-entrepreneur, are trying to teach their two Jewish-raised children, 12-year-old Jonah and 10-year-old Sydney, the lessons of tikkun olam—repairing the world—through example.
On the local level, she and another Jewish parent at her children’s school in North County spoke up when administrators planned a major event to take place on Yom Kippur. They were successful in changing the event date.
Jessica was less successful, she said, when she tried to organize friends to go with her to a local protest against racism and anti-Semitism after the white supremacist march in Charlottesville, Virginia.
“The response I got was, ‘I am going to focus inward, and keep my energy focused on family and all that is right in our magical little community.’” she recalled. “‘The magical little community’ set me off. Are you kidding me? I grew up here. You have no idea.”
Thirty years ago, Jessica said, prejudice was quite overt in San Diego. Swastikas appeared after her brother ran for a student government office at Torrey Pines High School, and she had to explain to friends why the expression “Don’t bagel me,” a modern-day version of “Don’t Jew me,” was offensive.
“‘The magical little community’ set me off. Are you kidding me? I grew up here. You have no idea.”
Jessica said that the climate is ripe in San Diego, which she says has come a long way since the days of swastikas, for more education and positive change. And she sees The Hive and Coastal Roots Farm as incubators for such progress. When she couldn’t get friends to attend the anti-prejudice protest with her, she contacted Leichtag Foundation, which organized a program on Judaism and race relations.
She is also grateful for the opportunities the San Diego Jewish community affords her and her family to educate themselves. Soon after she and Brad, 43, returned from the East Coast, where Jessica was teaching at Yale, they participated in a Jewish Community Foundation-supported Jewish Giving Circle to learn more about tzedakah and Jewish philanthropy.
“It was foundational,” she said, “in how to give and to make friends in the Jewish community.
“There are a lot of ways in,” Jessica continued, referring to the entry points of Jewish engagement in San Diego, and she and Brad and their kids are relishing the chance to discover and access as many of them as possible.
Leading Lives of Multiple Commitments
Stacie and Jeff Cook understand commitment. They live it.
A Lieutenant Commander in the United States Navy, Dr. Jeff Cook, 37, is also an emergency room physician who has cared for injured and sick military soldiers in Kandahar, Afghanistan, and, more recently, in Kuwait, where he was deployed last year. Like all military families, he and Stacie, an obstetrician/gynecologist, are accustomed to constant moves when the Navy calls him up: They most recently lived in Yokosuka, Japan, and, before that, Jacksonville, Florida. But now that they have two children, 3-year-old Ari and 1-year-old Olive, they are happy to be settled, at least for the next couple of years, in North County, where they are committed to creating a Jewish home for their children.
Their commitment is such that Stacie, 38, who grew up Episcopalian in Upstate New York, drives 20 miles each way through the county’s back roads to transport Ari to Temple Solel’s preschool program in Cardiff-by-the-Sea. Impressed by her interest and involvement in her children’s Jewish education, the synagogue’s preschool administration appointed her co-chair of the PTA.
Stacie said that her desire to help her children lead Jewish lives and to support the local Jewish community any way she can is tempered by her own concerns that she might
“do something wrong,” be it go against a traditional Jewish practice or misspeak a Jewish prayer. But, she acknowledged, no one in the community has ever corrected her and, in fact, everyone has been unfailingly supportive of her efforts.
“I feel very welcomed by the community,” said Stacie, who has taken a leave from medicine to raise the family.
“Judaism can center you and give you a community.”
Jeff grew up in a Conservative Jewish home in suburban Atlanta, the son of a mother who is active in the Jewish community and a Sephardic father. Over the 15 years in the military, he has worked in earnest to maintain a strong Jewish practice. He attended a Passover Seder in Afghanistan, High Holiday services in Kuwait, and, on occasion, Shabbat services on bases overseas. He and Stacie also were part of a small, tightknit Jewish community of military families in Japan.
Here, in North County, with few Jewish families in their immediate area, they often find themselves on weekends en route to military friends’ homes for Shabbat and other holidays.
Contrary to the notion that few Jews serve in the military, the “proportion of Jews in the service is probably the same as the population as a whole,” Jeff said, noting that his commanding officer at the Naval Medical Center in San Diego is also Jewish.
The local Jewish community, both civilian and military, has been a grounding force for her constantly moving family, said Stacie, who has attended programs at The Hive and Coastal Roots Farm and is considering conversion to Judaism.
“You can lose control of your life [because] you’re at the whim of military assignments,” she said. “Judaism can center you and give you a community.”
Black, Jewish and Queer. These three identities weave the fabric of who I am, but it took a long time to believe that they could exist together.
The idea of “belonging” was foreign to me for much of my life. I was aligned with three communities that historically faced oppression in society, and there was no type of representation I could see for people like me. Questions of my existence as a Black Jew, and the implications that came with being Black and Queer would overwhelm me.
Because of this, I watered down my Jewish identity through my teenage years. I could only focus on discovering myself through my other two identities, which was hard enough. When I entered college, I was invited to join Hillel, which piqued my interest in Judaism. I attended all through my college years, finding community in weekly Shabbats, learning about Israel, and expressing my Jewishness more.
Slowly but surely, my Jewish expression began to exist on the same plane as my Blackness and Queerness. I could fit them all at the table instead of checking them at the door. I experienced more acceptance of myself, and from other people, and I began to feel more included in all the communities I represented.
Still, feeling included didn’t mean that I felt like I belonged. Fast forward to 2019 and I’m at a conference listening to UC Berkeley’s john a. powell speak to us about “belonging” as a result of co-creation. He remarked that “inclusion” implied that one must extend an invitation to their space, thus creating an imbalanced power dynamic. “Belonging” relates to the idea that a space is co-created with others, ensuring that everyone has equal and equitable access because they belong there.
My work with the Leichtag Foundation and The Hive has led me on an exploration of “belonging,” not just for myself, but for anyone who, like me, felt that they didn’t belong in any space. This is the reason behind This is San Diego Jewry. I want to show this unique, vibrant community that we all belong here.
San Diego has been the space where I’ve truly dived into my Jewishness and discovered what I love about it, and how I want to wield it in my life. Our closeness to nature motivates me to weave in Jewish values of agriculture at home. The values of tzedakah and Tikkun Olam align with and inspire my own views of justice and liberation. The creative ways that we express our Jewishness as a community excite me for how I’ll apply these lessons to wherever I go in the future.
I realize now that I belong anywhere that I want to be. I belong where I can help others experience belonging. I belong where I, a Black-and-Jewish-and-Queer person, can create work like this that represents the true expansiveness of our San Diego Jewish expression. And we all belong here because we are the tapestry of this community.
Thank you for weaving it with us.
Jewish Values in Action Supporting Dignity and Self Worth of Every Person
Lee and Toni Leichtag established the Leichtag Foundation in 1991 following the sale of their business. Lee and Toni were lifelong entrepreneurs with a passion for innovation and for supporting talent. They believed that only with big risk comes big reward. Both born to families in poverty, Toni to a single mother, they strongly believed in helping those most in need and most vulnerable in our community. While they supported many causes, their strongest support was for young children and the elderly, two demographics who particularly lack voice in our society.
“G-d has been good to us, we want to return the favor.”
Lee and Toni were partners in every sense. They were proud parents of Joli Ann Leichtag, of blessed memory, and enjoyed being grandparents. When asked about his most significant
accomplishment in life, Lee said, “My marriage to Toni.” This testament of their partnership and their commitment to family and community are the foundation of the legacy the Leichtag Foundation strives to honor.
A Lifelong Dream Gives Rise to Al Fresco Judaism
Lifelong Baltimoreans, Rabbi George and Alison Wielechowski and their sons, 11-year-old Lennon and 9-year-old Gideon, are more than pursuing the good life in Southern California. Having moved to San Diego more than three years ago, they are fulfilling a lifelong dream.
The pretext for their journey west was family: Alison’s sister and mother already lived here. But for George, 42, an entrepreneur as well as a clergyman, the region’s startup climate was as alluring as the physical environment in which to practice his and Alison’s form of Judaism.
Most recently, George was the executive director of the San Diego-based Open Dor Project, which encourages and funds the development of new and emerging spiritual models of Jewish life around the country.
As gratifying as Open Dor has been, he and Alison, 40, are also enthused by their creation of a havurah friend group of 10 mostly interfaith families that, thanks to San Diego’s famously temperate climes, meets mostly at parks, trails, and beaches for monthly Shabbat and other observances.
“For Shavuot, we took a hike mimicking the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai,” said George, who was ordained at the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College. “We talked about the meaning of revelations.”
San Diego’s cultural and natural climates give rise to “meaningful opportunities” for Jews to express themselves in a seemingly infinite number of ways.
Al fresco Judaism, San Diego style, is thousands of miles from the lives they led in Maryland. George grew up in Section 8 public housing with his Evangelical Christian single mother, a domestic from Guatemala, who, he said, “saved up all her money to buy the smallest house in the nicest neighborhood that she could afford,” which also happened to be the nexus of Jewish life in the northwestern part of Baltimore County. As he spent time with Jewish classmates and friends and their families, he said, he came to love their history, culture, and traditions. He converted to Judaism 16 years ago.
Alison was raised in a neighboring part of Baltimore that was also predominantly Jewish.
Her father was an executive director of a Conservative synagogue, and she led a fairly traditional Jewish life. Active participation in a Jewish student association at college led to a long career in the Jewish world—as director of Goucher College Hillel and, most recently, as director of development at Krieger Schechter Day school.
The Wielechowskis said that San Diego is also giving their sons an appreciation for experiencing Judaism and nature concurrently. As Lennon begins preparing for his Bar Mitzvah, he is toying with the idea of incorporating into his ceremony a serious study of Jewish values and climate change. “Only in San Diego,” one might say.
Or, as George said, San Diego’s cultural and natural climates give rise to “meaningful opportunities” for Jews to express themselves in a seemingly infinite number of ways. The time for Jewish leadership to facilitate such is expression is “ripe,” he said.
A Midlife Re-Introduction to Judaism
Change came rapidly to Debbie Macdonald as she approached the half-century mark in the late 1990s.
First, seemingly out of the blue, the younger of her two sons, Josh, announced that he wanted to study for a bar mitzvah.
“This was a big surprise,” said Debbie, now a 72-year-old retired nonprofit administrator who, as a child, had attended a Conservative synagogue in San Diego with her family, but had become distanced from organized religion once she went away to college and graduate school.
“My husband at the time was not Jewish,” she said. “We did celebrate major Jewish holidays with my extended family, but I was not interested in joining a temple. I tried to ignore Josh’s requests because I did not think he would stick with it. But he continued to ask me to study for his bar mitzvah.”
So the Macdonald family joined San Diego’s Temple Emanu-El, which is where Debbie experienced another surprise.
“I got to know the rabbi there at the time, and I realized that Judaism could be very different than it had been when I was growing up,” she said.
So different, in fact, that Debbie wanted to have an adult bat mitzvah, and she began preparing for it soon after Josh had completed his religious studies.
“I realized that Judaism could be very different than it had been when I was growing up.”
A couple of years later, Debbie announced another major life change.
“I went to see the rabbi, and I told him two things,” she recounted. “First, I told him that I was getting a divorce. The second thing I told him was that I’m gay, and that I’m in love with a woman. He was happy for me and asked, “Is she Jewish?’”
That woman, Nancy Kossan, now 67, a retired academic and university administrator, is not Jewish. She was raised in a Protestant denomination. Describing herself now as “a-
religious,” she said that she enjoys the social action/social justice aspects of Reform Judaism.
Both women, who have been together for 19 years and were married in 2008, have found a welcoming home at Emanu-El. Debbie, who has served on the congregation’s board for many years, was its first lesbian president. She and Nancy attend Shabbat services at least once a month, and have taken a number of classes there over the years, including an introduction to Judaism and Hebrew Bible courses. Both also appreciate the temple’s emphasis on civil and human rights, with Debbie noting that Emanu-El was the first among the half dozen synagogues that now march in San Diego’s LGBTQ Pride parade.
While synagogue life takes up a good portion of their lives, Debbie and Nancy, who live in the city’s Pacific Beach neighborhood, have found time for involvement in other Jewish groups, including a havurah. Always interested in child welfare, Debbie has also donated time and resources to Jewish Family Service of San Diego.
If you had asked her 30 years ago whether she would be active in a synagogue and engaged in the Jewish community, “I would have said, ‘Not in a million years,’” Debbie reflected.
Helping Jewish Students Find Their Own Anwers
When Katie Mendelson, who now goes by Chaya Ertel, was a teen, she loved cruising Los Angeles’ Hollywood Boulevard at midnight with friends, seeing what mischief she could whip up.
“I was a free spirit,” recalled the 41-year-old mother of five. Chaya is now a partner, with husband Rabbi Eric Ertel, known as Shmuely, in an 11-year old venture called San Diego Jewish Experience, which offers religious, cultural, and educational opportunities to hundreds of local college students, most of whom are at University of California, San Diego.
Chaya may no longer be “a free spirit,” but she retains a huge sense of fun … plus a deep understanding of young people’s hunger to achieve meaning in the world. That’s a desire of which she has first-hand knowledge.
After high school, Chaya spent a year in Israel as part of a Conservative Jewish post-secondary program. But she quickly fell in with a group of more observant Jews and determined that she wanted to lead an Orthodox life. Alarmed by what they saw as her turn to the religious right, the leaders of Chaya’s program summoned her father to Israel to “deprogram” her. Instead, he gave his blessing. He could see, Chaya said, that Orthodox Judaism had given her the “clarity” that she had sought.
Chaya and Shmuely, 42, who grew up in New Jersey to a family that subsequently embraced Orthodox Judaism, met through a matchmaker in Israel, where they continued their studies and Shmuely was ordained. The courtyard of their La Jolla home, on the edge of the UC San Diego campus, is ground zero for the host of Jewish experiences occurring seemingly round the clock: study groups, drop-in rap sessions, challah baking demonstrations, and Shabbat and holiday dinners. Shmuely says that he works with about 250 students annually, some of whom he escorts to Israel on yearly Birthright trips, and Chaya estimates she prepares 10,000 meals each year.
“[W]e don’t hand G-d a shopping list of our needs and wants. It is about a relationship.”
While the Ertels see the students, most of whom are from interfaith families, as extensions of their own family—Shmuely is impressed by their “perseverance and commitment” to acquire a stronger identity, Chaya with their struggles with faith, even in the face of “life’s painful, messy realities”—they also nurture their own San Diego Jewish experiences. They are members of La Jolla’s Congregation Adat Yeshurun, and
their eldest daughter, now in college, was the first Orthodox teen to participate in the Jewish Community Foundation of San Diego’s program to teach young people about Jewish philanthropy. Avid runners, Shmuely and Chaya also take part in La Jolla’s annual 5K.
But San Diego Jewish Experience is never far from their minds or hearts, because the students’ challenges are their own.
Thinking back to a young woman she mentored, Chaya said, “She was young when her mother passed away from cancer, and she came to shul the night of her mother’s yahrtzeit, maybe to doven, maybe just to feel close to G-d. Not sure. But I have to believe as a little girl, she prayed her mother would get well. And the answer was obviously no. And yet there she was, reaching out. She taught me the definition of spiritual maturity and grit–that we don’t hand G-d a shopping list of our needs and wants. It is about a relationship. Sometimes there are tremendous disappointments, and we won’t always know why, but … she was there for the long haul.”
A Free Jewish Spirit
More than 40 years ago, Ruth Platner did something rare for the times. She divorced her husband of almost 30 years, packed her bags, and moved from Wausau, Wisconsin, a small city in the northern part of the state, to San Diego’s North County, where she embarked on an entirely new life.
With her daughters grown and involved in their own families and careers, Ruth, unencumbered, thrived. A painter and sculptor, she devoted her life to her artwork and the enhancement of the local art scene. She taught craft skills to developmentally disabled young adults, helped set up an art school at the Oceanside Museum of Art, and earned a master’s degree in educational technology.
“She was pretty gutsy,” said her eldest daughter, Mimi Miller, an acupuncturist who lives in a San Diego beachfront community about 15 miles south of her mother.
At 92, Ruth still is.
She continues to live in the condominium she has owned for decades and to enjoy a rich life. Though she no longer makes art, she still displays it—most recently, at The Hive’s Farmhouse Gallery, where, this past May, she had a one-woman exhibit of her acrylic paintings. The show coincided with the observance of Yom HaShoah, Holocaust Remembrance Day.
Ruth knows something of the Holocaust, too.
“We are no longer traditional Jews, [but I feel] a deep connection to the Jewish part of myself.”
Born in Hamburg, Germany, Ruth was a young girl when the Nazis rose to power. While family and friends fled the country or were shipped off to concentration and death camps, Ruth, her Jewish mother, and non-Jewish father kept a low profile in an attic apartment that her father had secured for them. They lived there throughout World War II, in constant fear of being discovered and deported. During that time, a number of her immediate family members were killed.
After the war, Ruth resumed her studies at the Hamburg Art Institute. “When life hands you mud (in this case, from the bomb crater), make a sculpture,” she recalled in “War and Pieces: Healing Through Life’s Struggles,” her 2015 memoir. She also met and married a fellow Holocaust survivor, Fred Platner, the man she later divorced but with whom she stayed friendly. A pillar in Wausau’s tiny Jewish community, Fred died in 1988. Ruth cared for him at the end of his life.
As she developed her own style in the United States, Ruth segued from sculpture to painting, often focusing on Jewish subjects, such as the Kabbalah, or Jewish mysticism, and members of her family. While becoming active in San Diego’s Jewish Renewal movement and attending services at the North County Elijah Minyan, she also became affiliated with a local Buddhist group.
“She will say that she’s a JewBu,” Mimi said, explaining that her mother has incorporated the teachings and practices of both faiths into her life and personal philosophy.
The free, open spirit that Ruth has come to embody is reflected in her family members—her three daughters, five grandchildren and one great-grandchild—who include people of color and of various faith traditions.
“We are no longer traditional Jews,” said Mimi, who nonetheless feels “a deep connection to the Jewish part of myself. When I participate in the traditions, I appreciate the richness.”
Soaking Up the Wonders of Life
Eve Rosenberg is, to use the Yiddish she so loves, a shtarke, a strong, sturdy, and resilient soul.
At 105, Eve has the distinction of being the oldest resident of the Seacrest Village Retirement Communities in Encinitas. But after 11 years at Seacrest, whose origins date back 75 years to the San Diego Hebrew Home, Eve is also famous among residents and staff for her wit and keen intellect. In short, her community loves her. And she is delighted to return the compliment.
“Everything about Seacrest is wonderful,” Eve kvelled, or gushed with the pride of a mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother, all of which she is. “It is a piece of paradise. Everything is done with such good taste.”
Paradise is not the environment in which Eve spent most of her life. Born in Detroit to Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe, Eve, along with her parents and sister, moved to New York during the height of the Great Depression in the early 1930s to find work. College was out of the question, as there was no money for it, and she took whatever jobs she could find to help support her family. She was fortunate, at one point, she said, to work at the New York Public Library, “because I love books.”
Eve was also fortunate, at another job, to meet the man who would become her husband: Murray Rosenberg.
“Life pitches you balls, and you have to catch them.”
“I was working at a very interesting shop on Fifth Avenue when he walked in,” Eve said, recounting how they met. “He was dashing. He was wearing his uniform [since he was a solder during World War II].”
The couple had two sons after the war, the younger of whom, Jonathan, 68, is a longtime San Diego resident. Sadly, Murray, exposed to yellow fever during his military service in the Philippines, died prematurely, leaving Eve a widow for more than four decades.
Through many hardships, though, Eve has striven to take a philosophical approach. “Life pitches you balls,” she said, “and you have to catch them.”
Eve would have stayed in New York had its harsh winters not exacerbated her longtime battles with bronchitis. At Seacrest, close to Jonathan and his family, she participates in almost every discussion and study activity, relishing the classes with Seacrest’s rabbi. Though she herself is not observant, she said, “I have a neshama, a Jewish soul.”
Like many San Diegans, Eve enjoys the great outdoors. “I love walking every day among the interesting trees at Seacrest,” she said.
Eve said that she is reminded of something her mother said to her so many decades ago: “In life there are a lot of bridges … Whatever way, you have to cross the bridge.”
She concluded, “Crossing the bridge to Seacrest was the one of the best choices I’ve made.”
Living in Harmony with a Blending of Culture
Though they were both brought up in strongly identified Jewish families, Yaniv and Liron Scherson have, in a very real sense, a mixed marriage. Their union is a blending of cultures—on Yaniv’s side, Ashkenazi and Latin American; on Liron’s, Mizrahi, Sephardic, and Israeli—making their family a diaspora of world Jewry.
Cultural differences aside, the North County couple form a united front on two significant issues: passing along strong Jewish identities to their two sons, 7-year-old Noam and 4-year-old Amit, and ensuring the continuation of a vibrant Israel.
The son a Chilean Jewish father and Mexican Jewish mother and grandson of Polish and Lithuanian immigrants who fled to Central and South America as the Nazis rose to power, Yaniv, 35, a Berkeley- and Stanford-educated innovator in renewable energy sources, has strong family connections to Israel himself. His parents, also scientists, earned their doctorates from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, and he met Liron, 38, an Israeli native, on a trip to the Jewish state.
Liron, a social worker who has worked with at-risk youth and special needs children, grew up in the city of Ramat Gan, the daughter of a father from Casablanca, Morocco, and a mother of Yemeni ancestry. Her parents’ marriage represented a unique and uncommon commingling of the two cultures at that time.
The Schersons decided five years ago to move from the San Francisco Bay Area to San Diego’s North County.
“I think that the Jewish community here is amazing,” said Liron. Though it is smaller than the Bay Area’s, she said, its size “creates intimacy.”
“People are happy and grateful to live here … and they want to make connections [with others].
In fact, noted Yaniv, since they moved to North County, they have met several other Israeli families in their own community and have formed core friendships with all of them. That has allowed them to remain connected to Israel, which they visit yearly.
At the same time, the Schersons love the diversity of San Diego’s Jewish community, which, Yaniv noted, includes significant numbers of immigrants from four corners of the world: South Africa and the former Soviet Union, in addition to Mexico and Israel.
The Schersons said that the rise of anti-Semitism in the United States—the recent shootings at the Chabad synagogue in Poway and appearance of swastikas in Carmel Valley rattled them deeply—is a sober reminder of the plight their ancestors faced to maintain their religious and cultural identities and of the responsibility they feel in continuing Jewish traditions.
Yet they are very grateful to live in a community that is integrated and welcoming and appreciate the opportunity to participate in and contribute to North County San Diego’s Jewish culture.
“People are happy and grateful to live here,” Liron said, and “they want to make connections [with others].”
Leading Lives of Openness and Inclusion
Growing up in suburban Sacramento, the son of a father who became a born-again Christian and an Asian American mother who is half Japanese and half Filipina, Kyle Young, 33, had little contact with the Jewish community. In fact, he said, many of his classmates were Mormon.
But Kyle, who has lived in San Diego for nine years, finds himself immersed in the local Jewish community, both professionally and personally. He has been a marketing manager at the Lawrence Family Jewish Community Center in La Jolla for almost two years, and he has shared his life for more than eight years with a Jewish man, Ben Winnick, 43, an Orange County native who is a database administrator at the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. The two, who live in the Clairemont neighborhood of San Diego, will be married in March 2021, their 10th anniversary. They met singing together with the San Diego Gay Men’s Chorus.
Since they became a couple, and particularly since he has worked at the JCC, Kyle has become a fast student of Jewish history, culture, and tradition, though he considers himself religion-less and has no thoughts of adopting a faith-based tradition. For him, it is “all about family, community, and food rather than a relationship with God,” he said. “We go to Ben’s parents for Hanukkah and Passover,” and they occasionally make or go to Shabbat
dinner with friends.
“It’s all about seeing people where they’re at rather than where you want them to be.”
Ben, who came to San Diego in 2001, following graduate school at the University of Pittsburgh, is a strongly identified LGBTQ Jew. Although his family was heavily involved in a synagogue in his hometown of Anaheim, he is not a member of a local synagogue. Nevertheless, he appreciates his congregational options in San Diego and environs, having spent High Holidays at a number of shuls over the years, including Temple Emanu-El. He also takes pride in the local Jewish community’s visibility at the San Diego Pride Parade, noting that six or seven synagogues regularly march.
Kyle echoes Ben’s impressions of a San Diego Jewish community that is warm and embracing of a diverse Jewish community. Speaking of his workplace, he said, “Whether our members and guests are Conservative or Reform or Orthodox, or are part of an interfaith family—as I have found many Jewish people my age are—or in an interfaith relationship, the community center is welcoming, open, and receptive.”
Ben and Kyle and their families have all chosen to abide by that open-door policy. They put up a tree for Christmas, and Kyle’s mother crafts gifts for Ben’s family for Hanukkah.
“It’s all about seeing people where they’re at rather than where you want them to be,” said Kyle.
The Intersectionality of Identities: Queer, Non-Binary, Latinx, and Jewish
You would think that as the executive director of San Diego LGBT Pride, Fernando Zweifach López Jr., who uses the pronoun they, has done all the coming out they possibly can. A queer, non-binary individual who has worked for many years on civil rights issues, López also speaks openly and often about their father’s family, Mexican-American migrant workers who tilled the fields of rural California.
But after the recent Poway synagogue shooting, in which a gunman killed a worshiper and seriously maimed several others, López, 37, publicly reminded their community about another layer of their identity. In a mass email to SD Pride’s friends and supporters, with the subject line “I Am Jewish,” they wrote about their mother’s parents, Orthodox Jews from Russia and Austria.
While their Jewish coming out message—a call for greater tolerance and understanding among all oppressed minorities—was warmly embraced by most, López said, they also received quite a bit of hate mail. “More than ever before,” they added.
Rather than despairing about another example of rising anti-Semitism in this country, López remains dogged in their determination to counter bigotry head-on. After all, they said, they’ve been doing exactly that since they were a young child in the Imperial Valley.
“Observing Hanukkah keeps me grounded in my heritage and it reminds me of my grandparents’ stories.”
“Growing up, I was told, ‘You’re Jewish, you’re an immigrant. You’re going to face anti-Semitism and xenophobia,’” López said, explaining how they developed resilience.
López needed to call upon this inner strength when they realized, at an early age, that they were somehow different from most other kids.
“The bullying and harassment never stopped,” they said, once their peers saw that López was different, too.
Rejected by their family for their sexual orientation, López couch-surfed at friends’ homes for a year or so before moving to San Diego for work and college. They lived in a car for a while, survived several suicide attempts, and met a Jewish man, with whom
they had a seven-year relationship. Both became outspoken proponents of marriage equality, and López eventually went to work for one of the largest marriage equality advocacy groups before coming to SD Pride, where, in addition to running the annual Pride parade and festival, they develop a host of harm-reduction and anti-discrimination programs. They also founded an interfaith department that works with sympathetic religious groups locally to advance LGBTQ interests. Many of the faith-based groups are Jewish, which gratifies López immensely.
While not an observant Jew, López celebrates Hanukkah, lighting the menorah and saying the prayers. “It keeps me grounded in my heritage,” they said, “and it reminds me of my grandparents’ stories.”
López is also heartened by a full rapprochement with their father, “now one of my best friends and dearest advocates,” they said.
“It took 20 years,” they continued, “but we are now taking our first vacation together.”
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Posts Tagged ‘A Day in the Life’
July 30, 2019 leoadambiga Leave a comment
Portia Vivienne Love
Appearing in the August 2019 edition of The Reader (thereader.com)
A new play by Omaha writer Portia Vivienne Love gives voice and face to a subject she has first-hand experience with – homelessness.
She actually wrote A Day in the Life before she was a resident of Stephen Center shelter in 2018. She wound up there, she said, through “life circumstances” that “could happen to anyone.” The reality of homelessness being only a crisis away for many average Americans is a key message of her work, which shows August 4 and 5 at B Side of Benson Theatre.
“I hope this play will help audiences see not all homeless people are at fault,” said Love, a poet. short story author and murder mystery novelist. “The majority of homeless people are not lazy. Many have mental health issues that perpetuate their homelessness.
“It is my wish everyone would spend one night in a shelter. A number of myths and misguided opinions about the homeless would be changed.”
Dispelling stereotypes is personal for Love, too, as she once regarded the homeless as shiftless bums unwilling to work. She even said so in the presence of a friend, who promptly schooled her on the myriad life situations that force folks to live on society’s margins.
“I was one of those people who said, ‘Why don’t they just get a job?’ I was an idiot.”
Her education took many forms. She worked as a vocational rehabilitation counselor in Omaha and Los Angeles with clients recently released from prison. They introduced her to their challenge of making it on the outside amidst employment, education, housing and healthcare barriers.
As homelessness became a big story, she heard and read more tales of people’s struggles.
“I started to find out who these people were through their stories and it impacted me very strongly.”
Love’s wired to care for those in need. She invites into her home strangers to celebrate the holidays.
“I can’t stand to see people alone on the holidays. so I have them over my place. I get that from my mother. We always had somebody else living with us because she could not stand to see any child without.”
Love’s the daughter of the late Betty Love and Omaha musician great Preston Love Sr. She sang with her father’s band. Her brothers Norman and Richie Love are also musicians. So is her half-sister Laura Love. Portia’s surname befits her nature.
“I have deep empathy for people. I just hate to see people hurting and going through some of the things they go through. I have a heart for people in crisis. I always have, I always will, and I’m glad I’m that way.”
Writing for her is also a matter of the heart.
“In every writing workshop I do, I say, ‘Write from the heart.’ You’re not going to affect anybody if you don’t write from the heart and with passion.”
She wrote A Day in the Life a decade ago. She didn’t set out to write it as a play. “But,” she said, “in the end the best way I thought to approach this was as a play and to have chatacters step forward to tell you what has happened in their life to make them homeless.
It remains her only play.
Though her own brush with homelessness is not specifically referenced, it resonates with real-life woes depicted in the drama.
“My play is about life circumstances creating homelessness,” she said, whether through loss of job, loved one, a divorce or medical emergency.
“In my case, both of my daughters were in transition. I was out here floundering and didn’t have a place to stay, so I was going from one friend’s house to my daughters’ house, and here and there. Then someone told me Stephen Center would help me get housing, so I called there. They didn’t have a bed that night but said they said to call in the morning. I did and they had a bed.
“It’s not a situation you want to be in. The feeling I had while there was, I have my own space, I’m not in anybody’s way, and I’m going to follow the rules necessary for me to be here right now. The 6 p.m. curfew was hard for me.”
On the other hand, she loved “living with this group of people and learning their stories. “
Center staff helped find her a low-rent apartment.
The fact someone as accomplished as Love (she has bachelor’s and master’s degrees) found herself homeless is emblematic of her plays’s theme. It’s why she designed the piece with homeless characters emerging from a street crowded with people of every walk of life to reveal their truth.
“My play takes place on a street corner. People are on their way to work, to the store, and some step up to the front of the stage from the crowd to tell their story.”
The characters include men, women and children. Some adults lament lost careers and families. Others rue losing themselves to addiction. These street prophets and poets riff to the beat of distant drums. A poem Love wrote well before the play is the show’s first soliloquy. It speaks to shattered dreams and the dichotomy of so much want amidst so much plenty.
“I decided it needs to be in this play because it speaks to what this play is all about. I think it really captures people that live in ghettos and impoverished areas.”
Long after writing the play, Love intersected with homelessness in ways that gave a point of comparison.
“Once I had the experience of living in a homeless shelter under my belt, I went back to the play to see if it was realistic, and I was kind of amazed how on track I was. I don’t know how, but I was really on the money.”
She’s also compared notes by gauging what she with what she lived driving a van for a homeless ministry.
“I formed relationships with these homeless men.” she said. “They loved me because I treated them like people.”
Again, she discovered that she’d gotten it right.
Today, she doesn’t need to look far to find people adrift. “Down the street from where I live a lot of homeless people stand with signs.” She sometimes talks to them and shares a hot meal.
Satisfied she painted an accurate interpretation, she heeded a mandate B Side director Amy Ryan, also known for her big heart, gave to produce the play there. Love then reached out to Jessica Scheuerman, who ran the Carver Bank where she did a residency, to help fundraise and market. Love also got the Nebraska Writers Collective, for whom she’s done workshops, to serve as her fiscal agent.
Casting the show, Love wanted authenticity, not training.
“I didn’t want actors. I wanted people who feel these parts because they’ve been there, identify with it, and will make the audience feel it. In readings and rehearsals it’s been powerful to see them execute their parts. Several people were silent after reading their parts before sharing how what’s in the script resonated with something that happened in their lives.”
D. Kevin William, among the few professional actors in the piece, delivers the” Under the Rainbow” speech.
“He just captures all the right rhythms and inflections and feelings,” Love said.
Prepping the play has consumed most of Love’s time. It’s taken her away from marketing her new book of poetry, That’s All I Have to Say. She leads youth and adult writing workshops. When not writing for publication, she creates original works of art with her poems and sells them through her own Just Write 4 Me.
But for now, the play’s the thing.
“My whole focus has been on this and I don’t want to take the focus off. This play has been such a weight on my heart. I am so glad I finally have the opportunity to share it.”
Shows are at 7 p.m. at the B Side, 6054 Maple Street.
Tickets are $15. Bring a food or clothing donation for a $1 ticket discount at the door. Proceeds and donations will benefit Stephen Center, Siena Francis House and MICAH House.
Follow the writer at https://www.facebook.com/portia.v.love.
Read more of Leo Adam Biga’s work at leoadambiga.com.
Categories: African-American, African-American Women, North Omaha, Omaha, Playwright, Poet, Portia Vivienne Love, Writer, Writing Tags: A Day in the Life, African-American, African-American Women, Author, North Omaha, Omaha, Playwright, Poet, Portia Vivienne Love
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TRANSPARENT BUNDLES by Seth Goldstein
Somewhere between Wall Street and Madison Avenue lives the future of both.
Web Alchemy, Josh Harris & Justin.TV
Web Alchemy
Exactly two years ago, in April 2005, I wrote the first chapter on Alchemy in the Media Futures series. Over the course of history, Alchemy always promised more than it could deliver. But it was this promise that captured the imagination of people and drew their Attention to the very impossibility of turning “base metal into gold.”
As it relates to the contemporary Web landscape, Alchemy represents the promise of automatic personalized media creation. It is the nuclear fission of intersecting Web 2.0 services. "Maybe, just maybe, if I go to Web 2.0 Expo I will find that one service that that connects me most fully?" This is the process of extreme triangulation that we- maybe without even knowing- are trying to achieve every moment that we use the Internet to express ourselves. The process is not new. But its reception is.
When Josh Harris broadcast his life in real-time on weliveinpublic.org in 2000, it was received as strange exhibitionism in SoHo. He and his girlfriend Tanya Corin went online in a Warhol art-house kind of way. It wasn't clear what exactly Josh was trying to prove, but like many I was fascinated by the embedded cameras he installed in the Turkish-style bath. On Day 93, long after Tanya walked out and Josh had left it to brokers to sell the 4000 sf+ loft on lower Broadway, a recently arrived journalist who needed a place to crash ended up minding after the apt while it was being shown to potential buyers. All the surveillance gear was very much in place and there was a working live control room where all the cameras flowed into, as well as the external chatter from those across the community grabbing these streams. This writer describes what it was like to be there during these last days:
I am doing laundry all the next day, sitting alone, and I learn how to take advantage of the chatters. After all, I am a visitor in the house of a man I do not know. But they, they've lived here for a while... I ask them if Harris allows people to smoke in the loft. I ask if they know where an iron is. In one particularly surreal moment, I realize I have lost my keys. I enter the chat room and ask if anybody happens to see where I might have left them. One guy tells me to check my pockets. And there they were. From The Cyber House Rules By Will Leitch, Jan 1, 1999
Eight years ago when he wrote this, we had a different attitude towards pervasive surveillance than we have today. Now, as American Idol, YouTube, Twitter and countless other social media phenomena would attest, the quickest road to celebrity is via one's willingness to become- physically or behaviorally- naked.
And so, how then to describe the performance of Justin.TV? His omnipresent camera cylinder to the left of his perspective is like the pen-above-the-ear of a great investigative journalist- Dustin Hoffman as Carl Bernstein in All the Presidents Men.
Despite his camera, Justin doesn't care about coming off as a disinterested reporter. There is no longer even a pretense that the subject drives the interview. Maybe it's wrong to think of it as an interview at all. The recording instruments are so integrated and obvious that everybody Justin comes into contact with gets their own live studio audience. This shifts the lens of narcissism from Justin to his audience, making him seem almost, well, selfless.
Michael Goldhaber recently defined a "star" as:
(When an attent typically has many audients, thus taking in more net attention than paying out, that person is of course a STAR. )
On the Internet, this is based in large part on one's ability to express oneself openly, across multiple networks. For example, in addition to the live video feed and community chat, Justin makes it easy for us to connect to him via shared social networks:
Justin wants people to pay close Attention to his stream and comment on his blog. This is exactly how stars enrapture their fans: engaging them in production of the very stardom they wish to worship. There is a significant difference between celebrity in the first Internet cycle and now. It is not the tools that matter, since many of them have not changed dramatically, but a growing responsibility that more and more of us feel to express our unique, authentic selves online. Justin.TV, like Tia Tequila of MySpace, Reid Hoffman of LinkedIn, Mark Zukerberg of Facebook and Fred Wilson of Typepad, inspire us to be all that we can be online- to open up our API and let the data flow.
This is the Summer of Love, 40 years later transposed onto the Web.
Apr 16, 2007 11:15:00 PM | Alchemy, Attention, essays, Media Futures, Social Media, Wall Street
Media Futures 2007: 4/5, Alchemy: History
The History of Alchemy
Practiced in civilizations across the world from ancient times up through the 19th century, the early proto-scientific and philosophical discipline of alchemy is most widely understood as the quest to achieve the transmutation of base metals into the precious metals of gold or silver, as well as the creation of a panacea, which promised to cure all disease, rendering immortality a fate not only reserved for the gods. Taking the commonality of properties of the known metals (gold, silver, iron, copper, tin, lead and mercury) as evidence of a commonality of composition, alchemists operated on the assumption that they might somehow correct the composition of the base metal, rendering it pure gold. To do so, they needed the philosopher’s stone, or the elixir, which would speed up that process of transmutation which, occurring naturally underground, would require the passage of thousands of years.
We might imagine the history of alchemy as a curious double-helix, its Eastern and Western strands decidedly separate but linked by certain commonalities. The Eastern strand of the history of alchemy finds its root in China, where alchemy was closely linked with the pursuit of health through traditional Taoist forms of medicine (specifically Acupuncture and Moxibustion, a therapy that uses mugwort herb to stimulate the circulation of blood through warm regions of the body and key acupuncture points). In that it was not so much concerned with the transmutation of base metals to previous metals, Chinese alchemy stood apart from its Western cousin, but it had its own version of the Philosopher’s Stone, which they called the Grand Elixir of Immortality.
But it is Egypt that promises to remain immortal when it comes to the discussion of the history of alchemy, its position of privilege perhaps embedded in the word alchemy itself. The etymology of the word is contested, traced to the Arabic al-kīmiya or al-khīmiya, meaning “cast together”, “pour together” or “weld”, as well as to the Persian Kimia, meaning “gold.” Others, though, read al- kīmiya as “the Egyptian [science]”, having been borrowed from the Copic word for “Egypt”, or kēme, which is itself derived from a chain that leads back to the ancient Egyptian term for the color black and the country of Egypt itself, kmt.
It is the god Thoth (also referred to as Hermes-Thoth) to whom mythology attributes the honor of being the founder of Egyptian mythology. It his forty-two Books of Knowledge, Thoth wrote in part on alchemy, but it is his Emerald Tablet, preserved Greek and Arabic translations, that is said to form a critical foundation in the alchemy of the West. Like Thoth’s Emerald Tablet, the only works of Egyptian alchemy available today have survived through such Greek and Arabic translations. As the Macedonians conquered Egypt in the 4th century, so came Greek language and culture in tow – and any Egyptian writings on alchemical philosophy and practice were likely burned as a part of Diocletian’s attempts to suppress a 292 revolt in Alexandria, that center of knowledge which figured so prominently in our histories of Automata and Algorithm.
There in Alexandria, the Greeks brought their philosophies of Pythagoreanism, Ionianism and Gnosticism together with the Egyptian hermetic philosophy, the principle tenet of which is called the macrocosm-microcosm belief: “in truth certainly and without doubt, whatever is below is like that which is above, and whatever is above is like that which is below, to accomplish the miracles of one thing.” That central belief, that the exterior world, or the macrocosm, affects the human body, or the microcosm, interacted with the belief that numbers rule the universe, that the universe could be explained by examining natural phenomena and that the world was created in a flawed manner, thereby rendering it imperfect (Pythagoreanism, Ionianism and Gnosticism, respectively, and grossly oversimplified) to create a tradition that left us with the idea that everything in the universe was formed from the elements earth, air, water and fire.
As the Greeks adopted Egyptian alchemical knowledge and traditions, so adopted the Romans the knowledge and traditions of the Greeks. But Christianity then swept through the empire, bringing Christian philosophies, and particularly those of Augustine, into contention with Hermetic ideals. Augustine believed experimental philosophy to be evil and ungodly, maintaining people could understand God through reason and faith. Augustine’s philosophies were in turn used to argue that alchemy was evil and ungodly. But alchemy already had its niche in the Christian tradition, grandfathered in by Greek and Roman culture. As medieval Europe saw Christian philosophers challenge Augustinian doctrine, its alchemists worked from the contributions from the Islamic world, which became the premier stage for scientific and alchemical development after the fall of Rome.
Islamic alchemists were responsible for the technique of distillation; they discovered sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric acids – and, perhaps most importantly, that the latter two could be mixed together and used to dissolve gold, the noblest of metals. The philosopher Jabir Ibn Hayyan, referred to in English as Geber, remains one of the most influential writers in the history of alchemy, for it was he who sought after the artificial creation of life in the laboratory. He described the elements in terms of their hotness, coldness, dryness and moistness – qualities which could be altered in the laboratory and rearranged, thus resulting in a new metal. He thus introduced the search for the philosopher’s stone, a central thrust of the Western alchemical tradition.
Though many philosophized about alchemy in the early stages of the millennium, some historians argue that the first alchemical experimentation in medieval Europe did not occur until the 13th century, when Roger Bacon is said to have brought on the search for the elixir of life. Bacon’s contributions to science were widespread: in addition to his work in alchemy, he analyzed convex glasses and lenses, invented spectacles, theorized about the telescope and, lest we forget, created the talking head automaton.
Bacon’s European contemporaries were to a great extent members of the clergy, those who had access to and the education to read the world’s assembled alchemical oeuvre. As the 13th century drew to a close, there was an established architecture of alchemical belief, including the aforementioned macrocosm-microcosm theories, the four elements and the four qualities. But most importantly, these Christian alchemists believed that their art could reunite man and God – for if man’s soul had been divided with Adam’s fall, so could the separate parts be purified and brought together again. These philosophies would be struck down in the next century, with the edict of Pope John XXII against alchemy removing clergymen from its practice.
The alchemy of the next three hundred years was thus one of a much different character. Alchemists returned their efforts to the search for the philosopher’s stone and the elixir of youth, and influential figures like Nicolas Flamel and Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa contributed to a major shift in the classification of the art – namely, alchemy went from being characterized as a mystical philosophy to that of an occultist magic. This shift set alchemy up to be struck down by the thinkers of the Age of Reason, who favored rigorous experimentation over such seeds of ancient wisdom. The prescient Paracelsus, perhaps the most important alchemist during the Renaissance, had perceived the occultist label a threat to the alchemical arts as a whole, and as such, he pushed back, casting some occultist threads and Gnostic philosophies out of his alchemical fabric, choosing to focus his efforts on using chemicals and minerals in medicine to achieve a healthy balance in human bodies. But the work of Paracelsus could still not overcome all that occultist image carried with it, all the fallout created by the charlatans and cons who promised transmutation but produced trash.
We might read the intentions of the earliest alchemists as the same as those of the Internet alchemists of today: above all else, the these alchemists concern themselves with the study of changes in the material world and how they might be able to harness the power of these changes for their own purpose and benefit. These solitary materials scientists, mixing various elements together to render their combinations far more valuable than the sums of their parts, set the stage for the Internet alchemists of today, who, in harnessing the power of the changes of Internet media and create entities which are far more valuable. This alchemy takes place in large part in the act of naming – a company, an index, a domain, a category, a database class – for in that move to name, the Internet alchemist creates something far more than simply a representation of some external object or idea.
Thanks to Maggie Dillon for helping with this research
Apr 8, 2007 4:12:13 AM | Alchemy, Attention, essays, Social Media
Valleywag is Intimate Attention
The most valuable form of attention is that which you are most reluctant to part with.
This is what you do, privately, that you dont wish to share with anybody else, including your friends, family and maybe even your spouse. Oftentimes we are even willing to pay subscription fees for content that we wish to consume in complete confidence. Perhaps this is because we intuit that ad-supported media has a way of capturing information about our attention that we don't wish to share.
A few weeks ago my friend Scott Heiferman of meetup.com came by to visit on the eve of a board meeting in SF. I was astounded at the hundreds of thousands of live, real-life group meet-ups he has facilicated from a simple software platform. Scott has always been a champion of expressing yourself on the Internet, from his first days at iTraffic when he taught his clients how to market links to their own web sites. Before search engine optimization and marketing, remember, the primary traffic generators were banners. A few years ago he became fascinated with the idea of putting pictures online, even before flickr shifted their focus from mmorgs to images. So Scott started a company called Fotolog, which is one one of the most popular Spanish-language sites in the world (even if it is driven by intense social media consumption in Brazil).
Over dinner, Scott said that he had swore off mail and rss clients, and had gone entirely to the Web, courtesy of Google. I asked him if he had seen what Google was now offering to users of its reader product, in terms of helping them understand which feeds they were paying the most Attention to. No surprise that I believe that the socialization of Attention data will usher in the next great wave of innovation online; and I shared my enthusiasm with Scott about a world where people were able to (selectively) expose various aspects of their online behavior to others that they trust. I encouraged Scott to log in to his Google Reader account so he could see what i meant. He paused for a moment, obviously not willing to share this level of intimacy with me and said:
"You know Seth, I would be embarassed for you to know how much time i spend each day reading Valleywag.”
It was only fitting, then, that I got Valleywagged last week for wading too deep in theory: late Monday night I ruminated over how the identity of a blogger essentially becomes the clicks that lead to the blog ("products of environment" in the always clarifying words of Yardley.ca) and then Tuesday morning I awake to see a rash of new incoming clicks from Valleywag. Valleywag c'est moi. Not quite sure what to make of the Transparent Bundles - Valleywag mashup. Reminds me of when Brecht traveled to Hollywood to write screenplays...
At the First Round Capital dinner at Bibibbo in Menlo Park, I ran into Jeremy Liew from Lightspeed Ventures who leaned over and apologized for not understanding what I was talking about in my last post. And so there I was, after a day of absorbing Michael Arrington’s perfect pitch lunch address; Fox’s Heather Hardee establish a modicum of diplomacy with 3rd party widget networks on MySpace; and Google’s Chris Sacca remind us that there is no better place to find meaning in your work than inside of their work; than I was reminded to start making sense.
“Cookies are worth dimes, but profiles are worth dollars”
Scott Rafer’s performance at Web 2.0 in October, where he pitched 10+ Yahoo! execs in a row, may forever cast him as the Paul Revere of this pending revolution: “Attention is coming... attention is coming!” This was a transformative event, if only because it put an real value (ie $10+ million) on otherwise invisible data about people reading blogs. Sure, we have recognized the economic value of explicit social media- user generated videos (ie YouTube), tags (ie del.icio.us) and photos (ie flickr); but this was the first time that the implicit, behavioral contributions of users were valued as an asset.
Eric and Todd started MyBlogLog as a stats package, which dropped a cookie on each reader so as to report better stats back to the writer of the blog. As blogs have taken off, MBL was able to drop more and more cookies on the machines of users that it otherwise had no relationship with. This “worthless traffic” of readers would have remained such if it were not for a unique insight by Rafer. His contribution, having no doubt listened to one of the many sermons on Attention, was to see the cookie as a social media input. Why not give readers of blogs the opportunity to express their readership to the writers they visit? In other words, why not enable users to connect their anonymous implicit cookies to their personal explicit profiles?
This was a simple enough proposition but amounts, in my mind, to something new and important: the reader as activist. Offering little more than the ability to have your icon appear on the blogs that you visit, MBL turned the cookie from something that exposes you to something that expresses you. What had always been limited to passive behavioral data for publishers and advertisers to target against had now become something different- a continuous stream of active Attention gestures. As Scott recounted, “They [Eric and Todd] were gathering implicit data before I got there. We added explicit, public rendering of that implicit data."
Yahoo!’s decision to purchase MBL makes sense as a means of converting some of their 150+ million “worthless” page views into opt-in Attention profiles. Already, groups are starting to form within the MBL communities that recognize their own opportunity to “vote with their feet” which in this case would be more akin to marketing through their clicks. For example, just think of small groups of members, organized around a cause or particular passion, descending en masse upon a site. The widget expressing the last 10 readers suddenly becomes a powerful tool for asserting a certain position. First comes the inane home town fans click-pack with each user wearing a Cincinnatti Reds baseball hat in the picture on his profile; then come the more interesting political agendas and petitions.
One thing is for sure- behavioral targeting companies such as Tacoda, Revenue Science and Blue Lithium have no choice but to align themselves with the user in control. In the wake of MBL/Yahoo!, these behavioral networks can no longer sell advertising through publishers without giving some real functional or economic benefit back to the the users creating the behavior to begin with. And because these networks dont have a profile-based relationship with their audience, they have to start from scratch.
Im a man of wealth and taste
Ive been around for a long, long year
Stole many a mans soul and faith...
Hope you guess my name
Rolling Stones, Sympathy for the Devil
Enabling readers to express their unique identities with minimal transaction costs is what the best social media services are able to achieve. The vast majority, however, fall on either side of this: either they are too sheepish to let their users know how much they really know about them, or they are too presumptuous and excite privacy hysteria. One young entrepreneur who has been building fair-trade Attention services put it best when he said:
I've often wondered if and when users will become aware of the value their data holds, and whether they'll demand ownership of it, or simply throw a fit that such data is being mined.
Jan 22, 2007 4:03:02 AM | API, Attention, essays, Social Media
MEDIA FUTURES 2006: 2/5 ALGORITHM: The Transition from Automata to Algorithm
In the beginning there is the Automata. It is the prime mover: an intention that drives human action.
Over time, the record of these actions, both individually and across people, establish a unique pattern of behavior that is known as an Algorithm. In the context of Media Futures, an algorithm is a computing engine designed to process behavioral data and convert it into content that engages ones Attention.
You can imagine an Algorithm like a strange Rube Goldberg machine with a complex set of routers, pulleys and chutes that turn a certain input into an equally certain output.
Recall our reinterpretation of Hamlet:
We encourage others to participate so that we may consume them
and we make ourselves interesting for the blogosphere. Your Internet CEO and your Joe Blogger are just different algorithms- two APIs, but to one network.
Each decision that I make as to what to pay Attention to, and the physical gesture that I use to effect this choice (search, click, form, sign in, etc) establishes a little personal algorithm that gets joined with all of my other personal algorithms. Together, this bundle of personal information algorithms establishes and maintains my persistent, stable electronic identity. This is a deeper, more authentic version of me than simply a numeric ID that establishes my offline physical presence. The me that makes me me online is one that I actively create and reinforce every moment based on a series of interlocking gears (which I control based on data I produce).
And now if you pull up from the tree of me as an individual to the forest of all of us in society, then you see a much broader fabric. The fabric represents Social Media, each of its infinite threads representing one individual's momentary micro algorithmic gesture.
One would assume that each of these mini decisions was distributed to the edges, and that the control over it was determined by its owner. But this would be to ignore the gravity of the Attention economy, which is Influence. On the Internet, Influence is measured by the amount of Attention one gets relative to the amount of information one gives The most influential online individual is able to syndicate a limited but steady stream of what makes me me-ness through his personal API and nevertheless generate a high pagerank that lands him above the Google fold.
The area that I am most interested in exploring in this current chapter on Algorithm is the rub between what you are searching for and where you emerge from other people's searches. This is located between (1) the record of your Attention (for example as expressed recently by AOL through their disclosure of "anonymous" search histories) and (2) the position you occupy within the pagerank universe based on what keywords produce results that point to you, above the fold.
For me, these keywords might include: "Seth Goldstein" "Media Arbitrage" "Algorithm Futures" "Transparent Soft Dollars"
Coming next, a brief history of Algorithm
Aug 31, 2006 4:44:25 PM | Algorithm, Attention, essays, Internet, Media Futures, Social Media
Media Futures 2006: 1/5 Automata: The Human Computer
While the recent inventions of Web 2.0 and User Generated Content (UGC) seem to be radical departures from the computing culture we grew up in, their organic social metaphors are in fact rooted in the beginning of computer science. In the 1940’s and 50’s work of Alan Turing, John Von Neumann and Norbert Weiner, most discussions of the future of computing evolve into a study of the brain. The natural automata of human thought, the way in which our ideas express our independence, this is the machine intelligence that technologists tried to design into early computers.
Alan Turing was fascinated by Automata and its relationship to natural human thought. In his 1950 “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” Turing outlined an experiment that was able to determine whether a computing machine could be defined as having the capacity to think. The Turing test functions as follows: Human “X” and respondent “Y” take part in a teletype conversation, but X cannot know whether Y is human or a machine. If, after a specified amount of time, X believes that Y has responded like a human, and Y is a machine, then Y can be defined as having that human capacity of thought.
In his biography of Turing, William Aspray writes that this:
“was among the earliest investigations of the use of electronic computers for artificial-intelligence research...He attempted to break down the distinctions between human and machine intelligence and to provide a single standard of intelligence, in terms of mental behavior, upon which both machines and biological organisms could be judged. In providing his standards, he considered only the information that entered and exited the automata…Turing was moving toward a unified theory of information and information processing applicable to both the machine and the biological worlds.”
The fusion of machine and biology is promoted as a core computer architectural principle in the Interim Progress Report on the Physical Realization of an Electronic Computing Instrument: Julian H. Bigelow, James H. Pomerene, Ralph J. Slutz and Willis H. Ware; Princeton: The Institute for Advanced Study; 1 January 1947. This report was prepared for John Von Neumann, and the rest of the IAS authorities, on the development progress of a machine based entirely on mathematical equations.
Left to right: James Pomerence, Julian Bigelow, von Neumann and Herman Goldstine
Von Neumann had joined Princeton’s Institute for Advanced Study as a Mathematician in 1933. About 10 years later he started concentrating on something less theoretical and more practical (which alienated many of his colleagues): building an electronic computing machine. This project was a deep meditation on the act of creation. Some of the greatest minds, across a variety of disciplines (math, biology, engineering, physics) converged in Princeton to help Von Neumann “physically realize” his ideas.
IAS Report, 1947
According to the report, Organs are: “portions or sub-assemblies of the machine which constitute the means of accomplishing some inclusive operation or function; as “arithmetic organ.” Note how the processor in this case is able to extend its influence onto others in an “inclusive operation.” The organ of social media was anticipated already then, in 1947, even without an Internet to enable it at scale.
Von Neumann continued to extend his computer research towards an understanding of the human brain. He described this specifically in his introduction to his 1958 work The Computer and the Brain:
In 1948, Norbert Weiner, the leader of cybernetics wrote Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. His use of the word animal is different than Turing’s logic or Von Neumann’s brain, but he is similarly concerned with the organs of information and their ability to relay information between systems:
“It is a noteworthy fact that the human and animal nervous systems, which are known to be capable of the work of a computation system, contain elements which are ideally suited to act as relays. These elements are the so-called neurons or nerve cells... The mechanical brain does not secrete thought <as the liver does bile>, as the earlier materialists claimed, nor does it put out in the form of energy, as the muscle puts out its activity. Information is information, not matter or energy.”
Weiner, Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, 1947
In late 2004, the creator of del.icio.us Joshua Schachter described to me that tags were simply crystallized attention. Both terms interested me: while attention has become my chief investigation, the transparent materialism expressed by “crystallized” has also been a key focus. When you put these together, you get, in Weiner’s words, a “secretion” of passive behavioral data.
Seth Goldstein, April 2006
Just because a tag is a form of information doesn’t mean that it lacks physicality Without being matter or energy, can a tag be made of something else, something that comes closer in nature to mirror neurons? Attentrons. Remember that mirror neurons are a form of biological material. These mirror neurons fire when the subject performs an action, but also when it observes somebody else performing an action. In this latter case, the successful firing of a mirror neuron is based entirely on its ability to passively mimic the behavior of somebody else. In this quiet absence of a human impulse, attention is full.
Aug 9, 2006 8:04:41 AM | Attention, Automata, essays, Internet, Media Futures, Social Media
Media Futures 2006: 1/5 Automata: A Brief History of Automata: Cranking Away Since Alexandra
If every instrument could accomplish its own work, obeying or anticipating the will of others. If the shuttle could weave, and the pick touch the lyre, without a hand to guide them, chief workmen would not need servants, nor masters slaves.
So wrote Aristotle of the possibilities of the automaton: an object acting of itself, something bearing the power of spontaneous motion. The advent of such a mechanism not only promised to change labor – eliminating the need for servants and slaves – but also had the potential to change media production and publication.
In tracing the development of the automaton from its roots in ritual articulated objects to its contemporary versions, (particularly in the context of robots and models of cellular automata in computability theory and theoretical biology), it is useful to keep Aristotle’s commentary from the fourth century B.C. in mind.
The history of automata begins with “creation” itself. Genealogies of these self-replicating objects extend back to the creation myths of every religion and culture – from the story of God’s creation of Adam to the story of Prometheus, who made the first man and woman on earth from clay, which he animated with the fire he stole from heaven. Moreover, the earliest articulated objects from prehistory of early historic times probably served both artistic and religious purposes: used by shamans, priests, and entertainers, these simple clay or wooden dolls with turning heads, arms, legs and hands could provide the illusion of movement as it occurs in nature, thus adding emotional impact to plays and fables.
This baker kneading dough is an articulated Egyptian toy, one which was probably found in the tomb from the time of the XII dynasty onwards. By being deposited in the tomb, the baker became forever bound to his master, accompanying him into the Beyond to continue to perform his duties through the rest of time.
The purposes of automata were not strictly in the realm of morality and spirituality. Hero of Alexandria (who is credited with the invention of the crank, the cam-shaft and a system of rotations and counterweights, as well as with having demonstrated the principles of the vacuum and the incompressibility of water) used automata to illustrate scientific principles. In his Treatise on Pneumatics from A.D. 62, he laid out applications of science in the forms of singing birds, sounding trumpets, animals that could drink and coin-operated machines. Hero’s most famous automaton, though, is the steam eolipile, which, in showing the expansion of gas when heated and the force of reaction in its escape, is regarded as an ancestor of the steam engine:
Above all, automata were sources of delight and entertainment: mechanical orchestras, living snuff boxes and cuckoo-clocks. From King-shu Tse’s 500 B.C. flying magpie of wood and bamboo to Jacques de Vaucanson’s A.D. 1738 duck, which could eat, drink, splash around the water and digest its food like a real duck, inventors imitated nature for the delight of man:
Over time, the makers of automata moved from simply trying to recreate the motion of creatures in the natural world to trying to use these motions to accomplish the work of those very creatures. This is not to say that entertainment automata disappeared – after all, fake talking human heads like Roger Bacon’s from the 13th century still capture the wonder (and horror) of onlookers at circus fairs and carnivals, as do automaton scribes, dancers and singers in the tradition of those seen below (and in the tradition of “It’s a Small World”).
Picture: The Jaquet-Droz Writer, 1774. Artifact courtesy of the Neuchâtel Museum.
technorati tags:automata, mediafutures, root.net, attention, media, attentiontrust
Jul 30, 2006 10:50:35 PM | Attention, Data, essays, Internet, Social Media
THE WAR FOR ATTENTION: SUMMER 2006
Since writing a series of essays on Media Futures in the Spring of 2005, I have spent the last year or so investing in and building out various data services. These include: a lead generation marketplace at rootexchange.com, whose first vertical is mortgage; a clickstream media platform at root.net, the command line for a new Attention-based OS; AttentionTrust and the promotion of its four principles of property, mobility, economy, and transparency (AttentionTrust.org is now the #2 organic search result for Attention on Google); the “crystallized attention” (tag) company del.icio.us, which was acquired by Yahoo!; and finally, Majestic Research, the investment firm that uses online consumer behavior for its equity models and which I co-founded in 2002. Majestic is the name I used for this blog on typepad, and its subtitle transparent bundles was an attempt to describe how investment research and trading should operate.
Sometimes it feels like I am working on a number of disconnected activities. But enough of the time it feels like they are all connected in a deeper kind of way. They all deal with consumer Internet usage; and more specifically, they share the common goal of maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio of online data in order to elicit the highest fidelity copy of an individual’s Attention. This is not an easy problem to solve, as the interface between one’s mental focus and the TCP/IP protocol is indirect at best. What we have as proxies are clicks, searches, tags, forms and other types of user generated media. From the interplay of these artifacts we-- as in the royal Web 2.0 we-- are busy coding a social media fabric, the center of which always seems but one release away.
Unlike most media properties, Attention is inherently unstable and indeterminate. Describing Attention is like making a movie inside of a house of mirrors, where it is impossible to keep the camera itself out of the picture. It is because of this Heisenberg-like uncertainty principal that passive behavioral data provides the better indicator of pure Attention than explicit user generated content such as ratings, reviews and tags (which change the substance of Attention as they reflect it). As we review the history of Attention, it seems always caught in its own shadow; artists and actors want Attention and create works and performances to “attract” and “capture” it. Only recently have certain of us (guided by Goldhaber’s theories on the matter) come to see Attention in its own light: as a material substance that moves from one human being to another like a language or a liquid. Our cognitive framework for Attention needs to shift from metaphors of coercion to metaphors of creation.
The distributor of Attention may indeed be influenced by that receiver who provides the most interesting information, but still the former maintains control over who gets his Attention. It is this choice the individual has over where he spends his Attention that underlies the theory of Media Futures. This new organon assumes that the user is in control of the media that he and his network of social and commercial relationships create. With the traditional consumer now in control over the means of social media production, the traditional media company now needs a new value-creation model-- one based on consuming the most relevant electronic gestures of its audience, rather than one based on producing the most engaging content.
For a broader dialectical context, I would encourage you to tune into the following writers
Michael Goldhaber
John Hagel
Umair Haque
AttentionTrust.org
Attention: The underlying instrument of Media Futures
“Attention is scarce,” Michael Goldhaber writes, “because each of us only has so much of it to give, and it can only come from us – not machines, computers or anywhere else.” It is in cyberspace, he argues, that a new type of economy comes into its own: this is the attention economy, an economy based on what is both “most desirable and ultimately most scarce.”
Goldhaber’s principles of the attention economy enter into a long-standing dialogue among art historians and cultural theorists about the techniques and implications of attention in the production and reception of media. As art historian Michael Fried argues in Absorption and Theatricality, it was first in the writings of Diderot that the terms of attention assumed critical in addition to rhetorical significance. A painting, Fried writes, “had first to attract (attirer, appeller) and then to arrest (arrêter) and finally to enthrall (attacher) the beholder, that is, a painting had to call someone, bring him to a halt in front of itself, and hold him there as if spellbound and unable to move.” Then, it was the media itself being consumed that did the work advertising does today: it was up to the media itself to call out to consumers for their attention.
The Beauty Salon
Of course, in today’s salons, we are more likely to consume the news of celebrity hook-ups than the spectacle of high art: that the salon is still a place for to see and be seen is telling. In the eighteenth century, the salon was a privileged site for the bourgeoisie to consume, contemplate and discuss art and literature – truly a place for seeing and being seen. We pay visits to an entirely different type of salon today: we go in preparation for – or to increase our chances of – the condition of being seen. By doing work on our bodies – by taking clippers to our dead cells, by taking tweezers to our brows, we might too do our own advertising: we might attract, arrest and enthrall the passers-by. We pay to increase our chances of being beheld – consumed, contemplated, discussed; we pay so that others might pay attention to us.
This is the to be seen half – but that which we see in salons, besides other guests questing to improve their own appearances, is the set of people important enough to be seen by the masses: celebrity. Magazines like People and Us Weekly, which adorn the waiting areas, promise a behind-the-scenes look at the lives of people who have entertained us on stage or on the big screen, or perhaps even written books for our edification or delight. These celebrities have captured the public’s attention with their work, and they certainly capture the public’s attention with their play. And the placement of celebrity magazines in salons suggests the possibility that by altering our appearance, perhaps in the fashion of the star du jour, we might capture more attention. At the end of this line of fantasy is the possibility of our own presence in such a magazine, the possibility that the banalities of our own lives will be represented in the world of others and put out for consumption by third, fourth, millionth parties. We will be worthy of attention.
The Internet Salon
The truth is that our own private gestures are constantly being recognized, represented and put out for public consumption – and in real time. Moreover, these gestures are at the same time being plugged into calculations to predict our future behavior, calculations which promise a personalized experience to those who click (and profit to those who calculate). The playing-out of these phenomena takes place, of course, on the Internet. This is an economy of attention – one, as Goldhaber argues, that is different from any economy seen before: “In its pure form, it doesn’t involve any sort of money, nor a market or anything closely resembling one. It involves a quite different pattern of life than the routine-based, industrial one…What matters is seeking, obtaining and paying attention.” The economy’s “characteristic form of property” is “the attention that is readily available to its ‘owner’ from other people, which depends on what attention this owner has gotten in the past”; it is a property “located, quite literally, in ‘the minds of the beholders.”
In his work on the attention economy, Goldhaber views the movement toward cyberspace as analogous to the move of western European civilization to the New World of the Americas around the time of the birth of the market economy. “Unimpeded by the remains of feudalism,” he writes, “the market-industrial system in fact took most complete hold here in North America first. From here, much later, it swept back to complete its conquest of the western European motherland, along with the rest of the globe.” Similarly, “Cyberspace will be the ‘place’ where the new economy moves ahead most dynamically, but the strength gained in the process will eventually sweep back to dominate the rest of life.”
If Attention is indeed the substance of focus (that which registers our interests by indicating our choice for certain things and choice against other things), then Internet is the most fertile ground for the development of the Attention Economy; for the Internet (and particularly web services) allows the recording and sharing of our choices, of our Attention, in real-time. These choices of ours are manifested by the binary gestures of the keyboard and mouse. With each click, our own narratives expand. With each move to create a tag or a link, our narratives expand. With each search, with each subscription, our narratives expand to tell the story of which team we follow, where we will be taking our next vacation, which conference we are planning to attend. The gestures of our lives are recorded, and we become represented – on “Top 100” lists, blogrolls and Flickr badges of different sizes. And the narratives of our electronic Attention gestures have even crossed back into offline mass media: on CNN’s headline news or American Idol’s SMS voting. We may not be followed by paparazzi, but airtime on national television is a start.
The sociological, psychological and economic forces at play in this discussion warrant extended research. As such, it is a daunting task to wrestle with the history of social media and probe into its future development. The Internet is a dynamic site of all sorts of production and consumption, a place where familiar models are broken and reinvented, a place where the material being consumed is dynamic, produced on the fly. We have tags, wikis, social networks and other forms of social media – we have new forms of media being created by everyman for everyman, and at any time, in any place. And works in these media are being created at a far higher rate than they are being consumed. Power and value shift, become redefined; the very possibilities of our personhood shift, become redefined.
The more we express ourselves electronically, the more residue we leave behind in this ever-growing, ever-changing landscape – shadows of our digital actions scattered about held together not by gravity, biology, optics but by algorithms and APIs. The economics of behavioral data, and the electronic media gestures that constitute this data, reveal themselves in an analysis of Attention. This is the goal of updating Media Futures one year later: Over the coming weeks, I will write the five-boned skeleton of A’s into the skin of Attention:
It is a body of work that seeks to better understand our gestures in social media, the very articulations of our attention and intentions – a pyramid topped by Attention and flanked by:
Automata- Human inspiration
Algorithm- Patterns of behavior
API- Natural expression
Alchemy- Value creation
Arbitrage- Economic discovery
This is a model I see as most compelling in examining the delta of change, the fertile crescent lying between Wall Street and Madison Avenue.
Note: I am fortunate to be working with an extremely thoughtful and lyrical research assistant in Maggie Dillon, who recently graduated Princeton and who will be studying art history and media theory next year at the University of Cologne. She likes to refer to herself as a "an aspiring poet and brewer from the country's heartland," which is clearly the kind of midwestern pragmatic spirit that this blog needs more of!
Jul 17, 2006 9:22:30 AM | Attention, Data, essays, Internet, Lead Generation, Social Media
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A Utah Woman Faces Lewdness Charges for Being Topless in Front of Her Stepchildren, May Have to Register as a Sex Offender
December 3, 2019 September 14, 2020 / Crime & Tragedy, News / By Katie Nave
Get ready for a little controversy. Tilli Buchanan says that she was attempting to teach her three stepchildren about women’s inequality while getting undressed in her home, with her husband present.
The Utah-based stepmother now faces lewdness charges. Tilli recently appeared in court and argued that the state’s lewdness statute discriminates against women.
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Tilli Buchanan: Utah Woman Faces Lewdness Charges for Appearing Topless in Front of Her Stepchildren in Her Own Home
According to the Salt Lake Tribune, Tilli and her husband were installing insulation in their garage and decided to get out of their work clothes and take a shower.
Apparently her stepchildren, a 13-year-old boy, a 10-year-old girl, and a 9-year-old boy, walked in and became embarrassed. The stepmom took the opportunity to explain that a woman’s breasts are not sexual objects.
“This isn’t a sexual thing,” Tilli shared with the Tribune. “I should be able to wear exactly what my husband wears. You shouldn’t be embarrassed about this.”
Prosecutors learned of the incident during an unrelated investigation conducted by the Division of Child and Family Services.
Court documents show that Tilli was allegedly under the influence of alcohol at the time. They also allege that she insisted that her husband show his genitals to make a point.
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“I was devastated because the moment I took to teach the kids, it was kind of smashed. Like you can’t teach kids this. In fact, you’re going to be charged for even bringing this up.”
“It was in the privacy of my own home. My husband was right next to me in the same exact manner that I was, and he’s not being prosecuted.”
If found guilty, the stepmom could face jail time and would be listed as a sex offender for 10 years. A ruling is expected to be released in the next two months.
Katie Nave
Katie Nave is a freelance writer, producer, and mama living in Brooklyn, New York. Driven by her passion for storytelling, she is always seeking opportunities to elevate people who are working to better the world around them.
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Jason Collins arrives at the 10th Annual GLSEN Respect Awards at the Regent Beverly Wilshire on Friday, Oct. 17, 2014, in Beverly Hills, Calif.
Image: Chris Pizzello/Invision/Associated Press
Jason Collins says he's retiring from the NBA
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Contact for further help
If you have any questions for which you cannot find answers in these web pages, or need to contact the Graduate Selection Committee, please send email to
math-gradapps@ufl.edu.
We offer a PhD, a Master of Science degree, and a Master of Science or Arts in Teaching Mathematics degree, all allowing study in both pure and applied areas of Mathematics. This is a competitive program, with a minority of the applicants being offered admission to the department. Fulfillment of the criteria specified below is not in itself sufficient for admission. The applicants with the strongest academic records will be offered admission. Most of our successful applicants have a Bachelor’s degrees in mathematics or the equivalent and have taken year-long sequences in both abstract algebra and modern analysis.
Accepted students are typically offered departmental support, generally in the form of a Graduate Student Teaching Assistantship which comes with a stipend, tuition waiver, and health insurance. Support for a doctoral students is customarily continued for four years as long as the student maintains good academic progress and fulfills their teaching responsibilities satisfactorily. For the past several years we have been able to fund an additional year. We expect to continue this policy as long as funds remain available.
The application deadline is January 3 for admission the following Fall (only applications for Fall semester are considered). A complete application consists of the following materials:
Application form submitted through the Office of Admissions
Transcripts and (copies of) degree certificates of all post secondary work
General Graduate Record Examination (GRE) test scores (While the GRE is no longer a requirement of the University, the Mathematics department does require it.)
TOEFL Score Report (for international applicants from non-English speaking countries)
Non-U.S. citizens will also need their resident alien numbers.
The Statement of Purpose required in the application carries great weight in the admissions decision. In this statement you should detail your mathematical experience and potential areas of interest. The required letters of recommendation are also extremely important and we ask that at least two come from instructors who can speak to your work in rigorous proof-based mathematics.
The Graduate School requires a bachelor’s degree from an accredited college or university and a grade point average (GPA) for the last 2 years of undergraduate studies of B (3.0/4.0) or higher for admission to the University of Florida. Exceptions to this requirement require recommendation by the department and approval by the Dean of the Graduate School.
The general GRE is required for all degree program. Successful applicants typically have GRE general scores of 310 and above. Please arrange to take these tests so that we can be assured of having your scores no later than January 3. The GRE and TOEFL scores should be sent directly from ETS to the Office of Admissions. The school code for GRE and TOEFL is 5812.
The application fee is
$30 by check with a cover memorandum attached to the check sent to
UF Office of Admissions
PO Box 114000 (201 Criser Hall)
Gainesville, FL 32611-4000
$31.75 if paid online by credit card
The University of Florida requires that most foreign applicants must submit scores of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), IELTS (International English Language Testing System), or MELAB (Michigan English Language Assessment Test). The level of English competency required for admission is TOEFL scores of least 80 (iBT), 550 (paper) or 213 (computer) or their equivalents in the other two English language tests, as well as a verbal GRE score of at least 140. The TOEFL/IELTS/MELAB requirement is waived for foreign students who have successfully completed at least one year at a college or university in the United States.
Graduate applicants from these countries are not required to submit TOEFL scores:
Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Canada (except Quebec), Cayman Islands, Cyprus, Dominica, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Montserrat, Namibia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Swaziland, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uganda, United Kingdom, Virgin Islands, Zimbabwe.
Note: Puerto Rican students must submit TOEFL scores.
Florida law requires that international Teaching Assistants (students from countries in which English is not an official language) must obtain at least a 23 on the speaking part of the iBT TOEFL (if the TOEFL is required for the applicant) and a 45 on the SPEAK test given by the Academic Spoken English program of the University of Florida. The SPEAK test is given regularly and can be taken after students arrive on campus (and will have to be completed even by students that do not have to submit TOEFL scores for admission). These tests are not required for students supported by fellowships or research assistantships.
International students should note that the University requires transcripts both in the original language and in English translation, so a person with a BS and an MS with non-English transcripts and certificates must send 8 documents.
Up-to-date detailed information about funding in the form of Graduate School Funding Awards (formerly Graduate School Fellowships) and Graduate (Teaching) Assistantships can be found in the Graduate School’s page about funding.
Graduate School Funding Awards and Grinter Fellowships
The department anticipates having a limited number of Graduate School Funding Awards available. GSFA recipients receive a competitive 11 month stipend. Since teaching is an important part of a graduate students training and integration into the department, some teaching – though considerably less than that of a graduate teaching assistant – is required of Graduate School Funding Awardees.
Some incoming students receive a supplemental Grinter Fellowship.
The graduate school offers additional funding opportunities for underrepresented minority students.(Information is at the funding page link above.)
Teaching Assistantships
The Department usually appoints about 15-18 new graduate teaching assistantships each year. About 65 graduate students currently hold teaching assistantships in the Department and several are supported as Graduate School Fellows.
The Mathematics Department teaching assistantships are normally a one-half time appointment. Reduced tuition and fee rates apply to one-half time Graduate Assistants enrolled in nine credit hours and the figure varies from year to year according to regulations established by the Florida State Legislature: Tuition and fees .
Typically, a one-half time teaching assistant has 13 to 14 hours of duties per week, including 3 to 4 contact hours with undergraduate students in classes, time for preparation, proctoring and grading associated with these classes, and serving in the CLAS Mathematics Teaching Center.
Academic requirements associated with a teaching assistantship are:
take a minimum of 9 credit hours each semester in courses approved by the Graduate Coordinator, and
maintain a grade point average of not less than 3.0 in order to continue your appointment.
The Graduate Committee reviews student progress each year. If it is satisfactory, students can expect renewal of the assistantship each year for up to five years.
Supplementary summer support is available to many of the graduate students enrolled during the preceding academic year.
One-half time graduate assistants are eligible to participate in the Gator Grad Care. Please be aware that enrollment in this insurance program is not automatic; you must enroll within 30 days of the start date of your employment to be covered. You may contact Gator Grad Care at 352-392-0003.
The University requires English speaking proficiency of all classroom teaching assistants. Thus, an international applicant’s chances of receiving support in the form of a graduate teaching assistantship are greatly increased by submitting a iBT speaking score of 23 or better.
How many students are admitted each year?
Usually around 15, though incoming classes have ranged from about 15 to more than 20.
What are the types of financial support available?
Most of our graduate students receive full financial support (tuition waiver + stipend), most as a graduate teaching assistantship, some as an Graduate School Fellow, and a limited number of others through various scholarships.
What are the minimum requirements for admission?
The minimum requirements for admission to the university are given in the Admissions section of the Graduate Catalog .
Is it true that GRE is no longer required?
No, although some UF programs no longer require the GRE, the Mathematics graduate program still requires the GRE.
How can I check if my application is complete?
Please be sure you have followed the Instructions.
You may also wish to visit the admissions office graduate page.
Using your UFID number, it is possible to check the status of you application online at http://www.admissions.ufl.edu/applygraduate.html
If you run into a problem, or have other questions, please email math-gradapps@ufl.edu.
What is the deadline for application?
The application deadline is January 3. Applications completed before the deadline will receive full consideration for admission and financial support. Applications completed after the deadline will only be considered if time allows.
Generally it is best to have standardized tests (GRE and TOEFL, if necessary) taken by November since it may take ETS some time to send the official scores. Most of our applications are received in December. Overseas students should also take into account the time required to receive mailed documents, apply for a visa and make travel arrangements. In general, it is to your advantage to apply as soon as possible.
I am an international applicant. Where do I send transcripts and degree certificates?
International applicants must send official versions of all transcripts and degree certificates in both English and the original language directly to the Office of Admission.
The official documents should be sent to:
UF Office of Admission
201 Criser Hall
Gainesville FL 32611-4000, USA
I am a domestic applicant. Where do I send transcripts?
Domestic applicants must send official copies of all transcripts directly to the office of admission.
Send transcripts to:
Should I take the GRE Subject Test in Mathematics?
It is recommended for PhD applicants.
Where do I send my GRE and TOEFL scores and what is the code for the University of Florida?
Have the scores sent to the office of admissions at the address in the previous question.
The University of Florida’s school code for submission of GRE and TOEFL scores is 5812
Do you accept the computer-based GRE/TOEFL tests?
Yes. International students are strongly encouraged to take the iBT since chances of receiving financial support are much greater with an iBT speaking score of 23 or better. If you take the TOEFL, please indicate it in the application forms.
Do you accept the IELTS or MELAB instead of TOEFL?
Yes. An IELTS score of 6.0 overall or a MELAB score of 77 are alternatives to a Toefl score of 550 or Toefl ibt score of 80 as general English language requirements for admission to UF.
However, at this time, neither IELTS nor MELAB can be used in place of the Toefl ibt Speaking score of at least 23 or a SPEAK test score of at least 45 which is required to qualify as a Teaching Assistant. Therefore, students submitting IELTS scores would have to submit an additional Toefl ibt Speaking or SPEAK score to qualify for a Teaching Assistantship.
Where do I send the fee? What form of payment is acceptable?
This information is available at the admissions office page Application Checklist
Please do not send the fee to the Mathematics Department.
Should I send in the Certificate of Financial Responsibility at the same time as my application? What figures should I use?
International applicants who are admitted will be contacted by the UF International Office with instructions concerning the Certificate of Financial Responsibility. You should not submit any forms related to the CFR when first applying.
Can I apply for January admission?
When can I expect a decision on my application?
If you qualify for admission and are eligible for a teaching assistantship, you will hear from us as soon as the committee has decided to admit you. We begin reviewing files in January, so the first notifications could be as early mid-January with more following in February and March. If we are waiting for the result of a test, there will naturally be a delay before we can decide on your application. If you are ineligible for a teaching assistantship, e.g you are an international student who does not have an iBT speaking score of 23 or better, then you may have to wait for the fellowships to be decided. There are very few fellowships and only when the top candidates decline can the next ones be offered, so we may not have news for some applicants until as late as April or May. If you feel the committee should have reached a decision but have not heard from us, please contact us, preferably by email to math-gradapps@ufl.edu.
I am from a country where English is an official language. Am I required to submit a score from the speaking portion of the iBT (iBT speaking test) in order to be eligible for a teaching assistantship?
Even in situations where the University does not require a TOEFL score, all international students must demonstrate English speaking proficiency by scoring 45 or better on the University administered Speak Test or a score of 23 or better on the speaking portion of the iBT.
In particular, international applicants who have spent one year at a US institution may be exempt from the TOEFL exam, but are still required to have a qualifying score on either the Speak Test or speaking iBT. If you are uncertain, you should contact the admissions committee, preferably by email to math-gradapps@ufl.edu.
I have not taken the iBT speaking test. Am I eligible for financial support?
Most of our graduate students are supported through teaching assistantships.
Florida law and UF Graduate Council policy require international teaching assistants (ITAs) to demonstrate oral proficiency before being appointed to teach. A score of 55 on the University administered SPEAK Test (similar to the old TSE) or 28 or better on the speaking iBT permits unrestricted teaching. With a score of 45-50 on the SPEAK test or 23-27 on the speaking iBT, the ITA may teach if concurrently enrolled in EAP 5836.
See the office of academic spoken English’s page on Oral Proficiency Testing At UF for more information.
Each year, there is a possibility that we will offer a very small number (3 in 2007) of full Graduate School Fellowships, which are awarded to the strongest applicants regardless of English speaking proficiency. Not surprisingly, the competition for these is intense. If you do not have 23 or better on the iBT speaking test, the Graduate School Fellowship is your only chance of admission with support.
I have a very high score in TOEFL and/or TWE and top grades in all of my English classes. Moreover, I have asked several native English speakers to attest to my ability in English. Do I still need to take iBT?
These are certainly strong points in an application. However, for the purpose of obtaining a teaching assistantship, no combination of the above can be used as a substitute for evidence of English speaking proficiency in place of the impartial and standardized speaking iBT.
Is health care insurance available?
Yes. For eligibility, coverage, and cost details visit
https://shcc.ufl.edu/fees-and-insurance/university-shcc-fees/eligibility/
What is the minimum General GRE score is to enter the University of Florida Mathematics department?
The university no longer has a minimum requirement on the GRE. Most successful applicants to the mathematics department have scores (sum of verbal plus quantitative) far exceeding 1000 in the old scoring system (approximately 300 in the new style).
What is an acceptable score on the TOEFL?
The university requires: an 80 or better on the internet based TOEFL (iBT); a 550 on the paper-based; or 213 on the computer-based Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).
UF Graduate Catalog
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Welcome in the Wolfmans Cave
This is the most private place on Wolfmans Island - the small space in The Virtuality that is the home of The Wolfman. This is where you can read about the history and the thoughts behind the Virtual Zoomorph Personification "The Wolfman", and how it relates to the Normal Human Self it represents.
What's a wolfman?
To most people the word "wolfman" is synonymous with "werewolf", and evokes disturbing pictures of this wretched, possessed man that can find no relief from his horrible fate, of when ever the full moon rise, to transform into the very negation of all he normally is. To once once a month to loose all contol of himself and completely surrender to the dark and bestial sides of his tormented soul. A tragic but also romantic figure, and a powerful symbol of the dualism that exist both in the individual as well as in the human civilization - the fight between the spiritual and the bestial, between good and the evil, the light and the darkness, between creation and destruction, between reason and instinct - and therefore both frightening and fascinating.
What about this Wolfman?
But what about me, this wolfman of Wolfmans Island - Am I really a werewolf ? - Am I a wild wolf trapped in the body of tamed man? - a sheep in wolves clothing? - is my lupine identity just something symbolic? -or is the truth something else or a little of each? What is the relationship between the Normal Human Self of me, the writer of these words, and The Wolfman? Is it as schizoid as it might seem? Am I a schizoid person? No, I don't think so - The Wolfman is under control.
The more prosaic facts about this Wolfman is that it all started when my parents gave me a first name - Ulf - that means 'wolf'. This meant that all through my life I have been nicknamed and petnamed with all kind of wolf-related names, sometimes this has bothered me, but mostly not. But there is much more to it than that!
Many years later, (I'm now 38) I picked the pseudonym Wolfman, for use on the high-score list when wasting my working hours playing Tetris on the company computer network. When I later got access to the internet, and started wasting my time on internet chat instead of Tetris, I brought the name Wolfman with me there, and a change began...
The Wolfman and I
This exposure to the magic world of the internet and the revelation of a whole virtual world there, with all the possibilities it offered me, gave me the idea of letting the Wolfman come into existence as an entity in The Virtuality in a more complete and fuller sense. The Wolfman changed from being a name I used, into being a special role that I very deliberately used to focus on and experiment with different sides of myself. This was the birth of the Virtual Zoomorph Representation, or VZP for short, known as "Wolfman", and this was when I started my 'project' of finding my 'Inner Wolf'.
The Inner Wolf
The Wolfman is concieved as a Virtual Zoomorph Representation of those parts of me - of my mind or my soul, if you like - that have a hard time finding a way to express themselves in The Reality, all those troublesome emotional sides, we civilized humans usually tend to hide away, to make everyday life as smooth and uncomplicated as possible for everyone. All those cravings and longings we curb, not to complicate our relationships with others, or not to hurt each other or our self. All the wild creative and inventuous ideas that there is just no room for in Real Life. All the despair and pain, that nobody wants to know off. All my controversial sides that other people don't want to know, because it would change their picture of me. All that I restrain from expressing, in Real Life, because I'm not brave enough to fight other peoples prejudices, and not strong enough to stand the isolation that doing it might result in. All these restrained sides of my self is what makes up The Inner Wolf
In this way The Wolfman is a role that I use to by-pass limitations in myself, to break the bonds of my self-consciousness and my self-criticism. Being The Wolfman lets me be much stronger and more free than I am as my Normal Human Self, as which I am always too entangled in my roles in The Reality, and too shaped by The Reality. Playing a role or wearing a mask is not always a way of hiding - it can be a way to focus on and express special parts of your self.
The Wolfmans Island
When the Wolfman turned into the VZP and started living in The Virtuality, it was only logical that he had to have a home there as well, and that this could be an adequate outlet for expressing whatever I needed or wanted to communicate to the rest of the world. This is why Wolfmans Island was created.
Shifting from man to wolf, and back again
During the time The Wolfman has existed, more and more of the knowledge and experience achieved from this role-playing - and the selfscrutinizing involved with it - have been brought back into The Reality. My Normal Human self have learned from my Inner Wolf so to say. The Virtuality has proved to be at useful training ground.
But, as anyone who spends a lot of time in cyberspace knows, it's not easy (nor very satisfying) to keep playing roles when you interact with other people on a more than superficial level. You need to be yourself in an more honest way - You need to be there with your heart and soul. And just like in The Reality strictly defined roles soon become limitations. Therefore the difference between my Normal human Self and The Wolfman has become less significant, and less important for me to keep. Today the Wolfmans Island still reflects most of the original intentions behind the whole project, but the Wolfman you might meet on the Jubii Chat or ICQ, has changed since this project was concieved, and no longer is that different from the person behind the mask.
Some definitions of terms
Some terms that are used throughout these pages - the confined universe of Wolfmans Island - might need some further explanation, as they might not be regularly known, or might be used in a somewhat different sense than elsewhere.
The Reality: What we normally think of as The Real World, but within this context it means not only the physical world, but also the different 'roles' that people play and all the rules and norms that defines this 'great theater of life'.
If you use the metaphor that "all the world is a stage and all the people are players", The Reality encompass both the stage and the play and whatever may exist of manuscript and stage directions for a play that improvised.
The Virtuality: The virtual world of the internet, when viewed as a kind of parallel world, in which Humans can communicate and interact through their various Virtual Personifications. Not the parts of the internet that is e-commerce, online news, and science etc. - but the spaces where truth and fiction blend into each other.
In the aforementioned "world as a stage" metaphor, The Virtuality could be seen as a play within the play - something like a puppet theater placed on the larger stage, where some of the actors (The Normal Human Selves) perform symbolic scenes.
Virtual (Zoomorph) Personification: A symbolic representation in The Virtuality of a person in The Reality. Sometimes referred to as an Avatar in internet terms or an Alter Ego in literature. Not necessarilly equal to the Normal Human Self of that person. Zoomorph means in the shape of an animal.
If you hold on to the "world as a stage" metaphor - where The Reality is the stage, all the Normal Human Selves are players, and The Virtuality is a puppet theater included in the play - then the VZPs could be thought of as a the marionets that the 'actors' play with, in that puppet theater.
Normal Human Self: The sides of a person that is visible to others in The Reality. Our public self. The biological body plus the roles we fill out in The Reality. A subset of our Full Self, maybe almost congruent, maybe quite different, depending on our level of self-knowledge and sincerity, and the present context in The Reality.
The 'player' on the stage of The Reality.
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Axel Merckx
Axel Merckx ( born August 8, 1972 in Ukkel ) is a former Belgian cyclist.
First stop in the career of Axel Merckx as a cyclist was the Team Telekom. In 1995, he joined the Motorola team, where he was teammate of Lance Armstrong. His other stations were from 1997 to 1998 the team Polti, 1999-2000 Mapei -Quick Step, 2001-2002 Domo - Farm Frites and 2003-2004 Lotto Domo. In 2005, he stood by the UCI ProTeam Davitamon -Lotto under contract. In 2006 he rode for Phonak. After the dissolution of this team, he moved in 2007 to the T- Mobile team, where he finished his career as a professional cyclist in August 2007.
His greatest success Merckx in 2000 by winning the Belgian Straßenradmeisterschaft and the eighth stage of the Giro d' Italia. Also in 2000, he won the Tour de Wallonie. At the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, he was twelfth in the road race, in 2004 he won at the Athens Games bronze medal behind the Italian Paolo Bettini and the Portuguese Sergio Paulinho. Nine times Merckx contested the Tour de France; 1998 was his best result in the overall standings tenth.
Since the end of his active career Axel Merckx working as team director at U23 team Trek - Livestrong, which was founded by Lance Armstrong, today Bontrager Cycling Team.
Axel Merckx is the son of five -time Tour de France winner Eddy Merckx. On October 27, 1997, he married Jodi Cross, a Canadian triathlete.
Pictures of Axel Merckx
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Books: 20-Year History of TNA/IMPACT Wrestling
Michael Cavacini
An award-winning arts and culture blog.
A Conversation with Chicago and REO Speedwagon – Part 1
I recently took part in an interview with Kevin Cronin of REO Speedwagon and Robert Lamm and Lee Loughnane of Chicago. Below is the first part of the interview. It features their thoughts on a variety of topics, including their summer tour together, which is one you don’t want to miss. You can read part two here.
ON TOURING AND PERFORMING TOGETHER:
Lee Loughnane (Chicago):
It’s pretty much inexplicable why we haven’t done this before, but I’m very happy and excited that we are doing it now. Also, yes, we will be playing an encore together on stage.
Kevin Cronin (REO Speedwagon):
It doesn’t make any sense that we haven’t played together, considering both bands come out of Chicago. But it’s kind of cool that we’ve never played together, because it makes this tour that much more special for fans of both bands.
As far as us playing together on stage, I think that is probably, for me, the most exciting part of it is that we’re going to be able cross pollinate for a while at the end there. I’m just very excited to have the great musicians in Chicago playing along on some of our songs. To hear the Chicago horns section on “Roll With the Changes” is something that I’m really looking forward to doing. It should be a very exciting tour.
ON MUSICAL INFLUENCES:
Lee (Chicago):
I’m not sure what their influences were, but I know that our influences were classical composers as well as rock ‘n’ roll and The Beatles, Frank Zappa. Many, many different artists were our influences as we came up.
Kevin (REO Speedwagon):
Lee just kind of nailed it. The Beatles are a common denominator for many bands that followed them. I’m guessing that both of you guys were probably sitting in front of the television set when the Beatles were on The Ed Sullivan Show.
I know for me, I’d been taking guitar lessons for a couple of years, and I didn’t really know why I was playing the guitar, I was just playing “On Top of Old Smoky” and “She’ll be Coming ‘Round the Mountain.” Then all of a sudden The Beatles came on, man, and at the opening chords of “I Want to Hold Your Hand.” I was sitting there, it just blew me out of my chair. It changed my life so dramatically that day.
I went from the week before I would be walking to my guitar lesson and getting my ass kicked by guys who were just looking for someone to beat up, “Oh there’s a guy with a guitar, let’s psych him out.” The next week, after The Beatles were on Ed Sullivan, those same guys wanted to be in a band with me. The Beatles were it for me.
Robert Lamm (Chicago):
My thought was that I think that for me it was jazz, it was definitely The Beatles. I think The Beatles are probably the reason everybody who’s in the music business today is there, because they heard The Beatles and they said, “I would love to do that.”
For me it was jazz, it was Brazilian music, definitely The Beatles, definitely Motown, as far as I’m concerned. All those things tended to really influence my song writing. It kind really skewed me towards a certain direction musically. Then I found these knuckleheads, that I’ve been playing with for 40-some years, who had similar tastes, and that was great.
Yeah, the great thing about The Beatles … and it’s kind of why REO Speedwagon and Chicago makes sense, kind of what Lee was talking about … The Beatles really showed the world that rock ‘n’ roll music could be such a wide variety, musically. The Beatles had horns on some of their songs, The Beatles had … some of their songs were like folk songs, little acoustic guitar songs.
The Beatles encompassed all these different … The Beatles had jazz, The Beatles had Motown, The Beatles were rock, The Beatles were folk. They were just so open to all the different influences of music. They soaked it all up and then put it out from their perspective. They really showed that rock music could encompass all different kind of styles.
That’s what we’re talking about. The Beatles are what make this combination of REO and Chicago make sense. Like I say, I can’t wait to hear what happens when we all get on stage at the same time and start playing. It’ll be fun for us as well as for the fans.
ON THE SETLISTS:
Even when we play shows on our own, we play a two hour show and can’t get all of the songs that have become hits into the show. We’ve had to pare it down to, I think, to an hour set. Each band is going to play an hour set.
Picking the songs is difficult, but we will weather the storm and figure it out, and pick out three songs for each band to play in conjunction with each other in the encore. We’re excited about it.
We have a core of songs that if we don’t play them, there’ll be an angry mob waiting for us outside right around the tour bus. There are those songs that people buy tickets to come and hear.
I’ve always adhered to the theory that people are spending their hard earned money to come and see us play, so we’re going to give them the songs that they want. To me, there’s nothing worse than going to a concert to see a band and they leave out some of their bigger songs for some reason. I’ve never understood why people do that. It makes me mad when I go to a show and that happens.
I feel like Lee and Robert are saying the same thing, there’s certain songs that … If Chicago doesn’t play “25 or 6 to 4,” it’s like of course they’re going to play that. If we don’t play “Ridin’ the Storm Out” it would be silly. We’re going to give the people what they came for, and then some. The encore, it’s going to be songs on steroids. I think everybody’s going to hear the songs that they want to hear.
ON PERFORMING SONGS TOGETHER DURING THE ENCORE:
To me, as a songwriter, there’s nothing better than when you take a song and just take it outside the comfort zone, turn it inside out. The thought of having these … Chicago, these guys are like real musicians; we’re just a bunch of knuckleheads with guitars. To have the Chicago horn section, and have the … Robert and I were communicating over the past few months, and I was thinking about Robert singing a verse on “Keep On Loving You.”
The more you think about it, the more you come up with ideas. There’s so many possibilities because of the fact that the bands are so different. It really gives us both a chance to get outside of our comfort zone.
Like I said, having the Chicago horn section on “Roll With the Changes,” that just sounds like a ton of fun to me.
I just wanted to add that once we get together and actually start performing, we will rehearse for a couple of days before we start the tour. Once we hit the stage and play the songs, we’ll start seeing which things work and which things don’t. When we perform in front of a live audience, if something doesn’t work, we’ll change it up a little bit as we go. This thing is malleable, and we will keep going until it becomes a real great event.
Yeah, I was thinking the same thing. I was thinking that it’s probably, as all these things do, they start in place at the beginning of the tour, and over the period of shows involved, because like Lee said, there’s nothing like walking in front of a live audience. You know things that you thought might work in rehearsal, sometimes they do, and sometimes they don’t. To me, that’s going to be the fun of this tour. It’s going to be a real living organism, that every night things are going to change, it’s going to evolve, it’s just going to get better and better as the tour goes round.
ON USING MOBILE APPS FOR RECORDING MUSIC:
We’re using Pro Tools for our recordings on the road. In fact we have a whole rig, and we have recorded our entire album this last year using it. We’ve recorded in hotel rooms, conference rooms, ballrooms, the bus, on stage, anywhere you can record, we have. We’ve put together the album, and it’s coming out the first week of July: Now: Chicago XXXVI.
I found a really cool app, it’s called Songwriter Pad, and it really helps when you’re writing songs, especially on the road. Sometimes you get an idea, I’ll wake up in the middle of the night with some melody, or some lyric idea, and I’ve just got my cell phone next to the bed. You sing into this thing to remember an idea, and it’s also got a thing where when you’re writing lyrics, you can move verses and bridges around and stuff like that. It’s just kind of a cool little song writing tool.
There’s so many apps that have come out that really help you, if you choose to use them, in songwriting and in recording. It’s pretty amazing.
I’m still a little bit old school. I still use a pen and a legal pad from time to time as well, but it’s nice to have the app when you’re … because now hotel rooms no longer have pens and pads of paper any more, which is really kind of annoying.
ON THE NEW CHICAGO ALBUM, NOW: CHICAGO XXVI:
Robert (Chicago):
I can tell you quickly that my favorite version of Chicago is the original version that recorded Chicago Transit Authority through Chicago XI. Certainly, we’ve had success with ballads and things like that.
When we actually finished this album and let our manager hear the final mixes, he said, “Hey, these songs are pretty long, what’s going on here?” I said, “This is a true Chicago album. This is not necessarily the outwardly radio friendly attempt of albums from the ’80s and ’90s.”
I think that that’s a side of Chicago that has been missing, that many people, both young and old, prefer. Chicago really was a progressive rock band when we started. There’s a whole slew of young people who appreciate that genre of music.
These sort of songs that I contributed, that’s what I think we were going for.
In my mind, I disagree with Robert a little bit in the fact that as we have recorded throughout our entire career, every one of our albums has been … Yes, we have gone towards trying to come up with something that would be radio playable, especially as the years went on, however, the type of music, and the strength of the music, and the integrity of the music has never changed. We’ve also never tried to do one specific style. Every one of our albums has many, many different styles, and that has never changed.
When we started looking to record, and we began building the web platform four years ago, the initial idea was to have a platform that we could record and release original music from. That’s why I put the recording equipment together, so that we could actually do that while we were out traveling around the country or the world.
We approached it as just writing music. It had no specific idea as to what was going to be the final outcome, or how the songs would fit together. We were just writing, and that’s what we plan on continuing to do from here on in.
ON VOCALLY PREPARING FOR A CONCERT:
On a off day I don’t talk, and I’m not a really talkative guy anyway, so I guess I have a leg up on actual concert days. Definitely warming up. Over the years I have developed a routine.
Once in a while, a very great once in a while, is a rehearsal or something before the show. I find that if I sing at the rehearsal, I’m already warmed up by the time the show hits. Warming up is the key.
Yeah, and I agree with Robert. It really is about disciplining yourself. If the drummer has a cold, the concert goes on. If the singer has a cold, it’s a little bit of a different situation. Robert and I walk around with our instrument 24 hours a day. When you think about it, there’s these two little hunks of meat in our throats, basically the whole organization rests upon it.
It’s definitely a little bit of a pressure to be a lead singer, and so you’ve got to respect that, and you’ve got to try to get a good night’s sleep. I’m the same as Robert, I talk as little as possible on show days, and even on days off. It’s a little more difficult for me, I am kind of a chatty guy. Really, I almost have to hide out, because if there’s anybody around I’ll end up talking to them.
You do it, and the payoff is that when you walk out on stage, there’s nothing better than when you walk out and you sing the first song, and you feel like you’re in a really good voice. I can tell right away if it’s going to be one of those special nights or not. The work and the discipline pays off when you walk out there and give it your all.
ON WHETHER OR NOT A NEW REO SPEEDWAGON ALBUM IS IN THE WORKS:
It’s tough. I’ve got three teenage children at home, and a wife that actually kind of likes me these days.
It’s kind of tough, because we tour about half the year, and the commitment to go in the studio and make a record, it’s a huge commitment, especially because I’m kind of in charge of writing and co-producing the records. It takes a lot of energy to make a record.
I want to spend as much time with my wife and my kids as I possibly can now, because they’re all in high school, and I see the writing on the wall: Pretty soon they’re going to be going out on their own, and I’m going to miss them horribly.
But what we can do, and what this new … what we’re calling the Wild, Wild West of the music business allows, is that we don’t necessarily have to record 20 songs. There’s all kinds of different ways to do it these days. Kind of what you were saying, I think for us, it looks like it’s probably going to be record one or two at a time.
I don’t know what we’re going to do. Maybe we’ll put them out on the website, maybe we’ll put them on iTunes. I don’t know how we’re going to do it, but I think that as musicians and as artists, it’s not really our job to worry about how we’re going to do it.
It’s our job to write the songs and come up with songs that have meaning, and lyrics that can touch people’s souls, and melodies that can get into people’s heads, and grooves that can make people want to move.
If we can do that, if we can write songs and record songs that just get to people, then people will find them. I feel like I’m less concerned with how we’re going to get them out there than just … That was kind of getting in the way, because it got a little frustrating, because our last record didn’t go on the radio. It’s like, well geez, if are record’s not going to get on the radio … it can be deflating,
Recently, I’ve just been inspired. It’s just about writing and playing and having fun.
Posted in Music and tagged Chicago, Chicago XXXVI, Interview, Kevin Cronin, Lee Loughnane, Michael Cavacini, music, Now, REO Speedwagon, Robert Lamm, Tour
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The oceans have become our plastic debris dumping ground
By Christian Nordqvist Published Feb 13, 2015 at 3:54 AM GMT
We dumped about 8 million tons of plastic debris into the world’s oceans in 2010, this figure will increased more than tenfold within the next ten years if urgent measures to improve waste management practices are not taken, say researchers.
Assistant Professor Jenna Jambeck from the College of Engineering at the University of Georgia in Athens, GA, along with colleagues from Australia and the United States, studied the sources of plastic debris that ended up in the oceans globally and developed models to estimate what their annual contributions were.
The researchers suggested that in 2010, coastal nations generated nearly 275 million tons of plastic waste, with 4.8 to 12.7 million tons of that total ending up in the oceans.
The amount of plastic debris being dumped into the sea is growing at an alarming rate.
Not only is this the first comprehensive study to look at how much plastic debris makes its way from land to sea annually, say the scientists, but it also identified the major sources of ocean-bound plastic. The team listed the 20 countries that contributed the most.
Their findings have been published in the journal Science (citation below).
Prof. Jambeck said:
“Our estimate of 8 million metric tons going into the oceans in 2010 is equivalent to five grocery bags filled with plastic for every foot of coastline in the world. This annual input increases each year, so our estimate for 2015 is about 9.1 million metric tons.”
“In 2025, the annual input would be about twice the 2010 input, or 10 bags full of plastic per foot of coastline. So the cumulative input by 2025 would equal 155 million metric tons.”
In this study, the team combined solid waste data from 192 different coastal countries with factors such as economic status and population density.
Mismanaged waste to blame
They found that trash that is littered or lost from waste management systems, what they call uncaptured waste, represented the bulk of ocean-bound plastic debris worldwide.
“Our mismanaged waste is a function of both inadequate management–open dumping, for example–and litter. This mismanaged waste goes uncaptured, meaning that it then becomes available to enter marine environments.”
Their models found that a nation’s population size plus the quality of its waste management systems determined how much mismanaged waste it generated.
In order to halt the explosion of plastic debris ending up in the oceans, Jambeck and colleagues say countries globally need to reduce their overall waste and implement better management strategies.
Jambeck said:
“We need to make sure that we are collecting and capturing solid waste and plastic around the world. Second to this is what we do with it… If we at least capture it, it’s not going to go into the oceans.”
“Solutions will require a combination of local and global efforts. They need to be culturally appropriate and sensitive to social and economic concerns. But a shift in how we manage waste could provide jobs and opportunities for economic innovation–and it could improve the living conditions and health of millions of people.”
We are plundering the oceans with shrimp farms, satellite-guided giant-scale sea-fishing and seafloor mining to such an extent that now much of marine wildlife is under threat of extinction, scientists from US Santa Barbara warned in January.
Citation: “Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean,” Jenna R. Jambeck, Roland Geyer, Chris Wilcox, Theodore R. Siegler, Miriam Perryman, Anthony Andrady, Ramani Narayan, and Kara Lavender Law. Science 13 February 2015: 347 (6223), 768-771. [DOI:10.1126/science.1260352]
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Moraalituntojen teoria. Suomentanut Matti Norri. Helsinki: Kautelaari, 2003.
Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres. (1762-3)
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Lectures on Jurisprudence. Edited. R. L. Meek, D. D. Raphael and P. G. Stein. Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith. Vol V. Liberty Fund, Indianapolis 1982.
Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue, and Arms (1763)
Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms. Edited Edwin Cannan.
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)
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An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of The Wealth of Nations. Volume I & 2. Eds. R. H. Campbell, A. S. Skinner, and B. Todd. Liberty Fund, Indianapolis 1981.
Kansojen varallisuus: Tutkimus sen olemuksesta ja tekijöistä. 1. nide. Suomentanut Toivo T. Kaila. Porvoo: WSOY, 1933.
Kansojen varallisuus. Suomentanut Jaakko Kankaanpää. Helsinki: WSOY, 2015.
Essays on Philosophical Subjects.
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“The History of Ancient Physics”
“The History of Astronomy”
“Of the Affinity between certain English and Italian Verses”
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Correspondence of Adam Smith, Edited. E. C. Mosner and I. S. Ross. Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith. Liberty Fund, Indianapolis 1987.
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Interview with the team behind London’s new Boulevard Theatre
November 2, 2019 mstjl Features
Mark Ludmon visits London’s new Boulevard Theatre to meet its two directors and the cast and creatives of its first show.
The first-ever show has now opened at London’s newest theatre, the Boulevard, in the heart of Soho. The cast of Dave Malloy’s musical Ghost Quartet, Carly Bawden, Zubin Varla, Maimuna Memon and Niccolò Curradio, are the first to perform before audiences in the 165-capacity space that has been created as part of the redevelopment of Walker’s Court, next to Berwick Street. It takes its name from the Boulevard Theatre which was once a neighbouring sister venue to the former Raymond Revuebar and a destination in its own right for theatre and comedy, including The Comic Strip team and stand-ups such as Eddie Izzzard, until it shut in 1989. While the new theatre occupies a similar space, it has been built from scratch to modern designs from architects Soda Studio and theatre consultants Charcoalblue.
The rectangular auditorium’s modern interior features stalls and balcony in a style inspired by Art Deco. It has been designed so that the space can be rotated at both stalls and balcony level thanks to the wiring and technology all being built in. The set-up allows for at least six different configurations, from traverse and thrust to the current staging of Ghost Quartet in the round. For Carly Bawden, the space is ideal for the “intimacy” of Dave Malloy’s sung-through musical in which four friends each tell their own dark and magical tales, infused with love, loss and whisky. “It’s pretty perfect for the show. I love how close everyone is, how close everyone feels. You can pretty much eye-ball everybody in the audience which is really thrilling as an actor. It’s a really beautiful, intimate space.”
The current configuration also delights Zubin Varla who loves playing in the round. “I can tell that the audience feel very connected to us from the looks in their eyes, from the way they lean in so far. There is a huge sense of being embraced in a space like this.” The closeness means that every spectator has their own unique experience, points out Maimuna Memon. “When I’m playing so close to someone, it is like roulette where you sit and what you experience so everyone will get a different experience from where they are sitting.” Whereas traditional proscenium theatres create a fourth-wall distance between the actors and the audiences sitting out in the dark, the cast of Ghost Quartet find it very different playing a small space so close to the spectators. “You can certainly see the audience members,” Maimuna says. “There’s no wall between us. As an actor, it can be quite daunting, especially on your first show, to look straight in an audience member’s eyes. You don’t know how they’re going to react, everyone is going to be different, but we try to welcome them in as much as they can and hope they enjoy it. We learned so much from our first preview because what this show needs is audience members. Some people feel uncomfortable when you look them right in the face but, as the show goes on, they start to relax. It’s so important that they’re right there because they are integral to the story.”
Boulevard Theatre auditorium configuration for Ghost Quartet. Photo: Mark Ludmon
The intimacy of the Boulevard’s space is also part of its appeal for Ghost Quartet’s director, Bill Buckhurst. “It feels really immersive in a positive way when you’re watching the show here. The relationship between actor and audience becomes really exciting, really dynamic in this space. One of the major themes of the show is storytelling. It’s about the simple act of telling stories to each other. So this space really lends itself very well for that because it allows for a really shared experience. You can really communicate well with every single audience member in here because you’re so close on that level.”
Carly Bawden and Maimuna Memon in Ghost Quartet. Photo: Marc Brenner
To have a song cycle as the first show has been a great way to kick off the opening, says Rachel Edwards, the Boulevard’s artistic director. “There is something really celebratory about music. So to hear this fantastic music in this tiny, beautiful, postage stamp of a theatre is just absolutely thrilling.” She has pulled together an impressive line-up for its first season, with Ghost Quartet followed by the London premiere of Cormac McCarthy’s The Sunset Limited, directed by Terry Johnson, and then a revival of Lucy Prebble’s The Effect directed by Anthony Nielson. After that, Yaël Farber directs Athol Fugard’s Hello and Goodbye, and then, taking the season into November 2020, Kathy Burke directs Billy Roche’s The Cavalcaders. “My taste is quite eclectic so the season reflects that,” Rachel explains. “We have some fantastic people coming through the door, and they are all so very different from each other. For me, especially this first year at the Boulevard, it’s about trying to get really good artists into the building but also about just experimenting and seeing what works because we will be exploiting lots of different configurations.”
Boulevard Theatre Bar. Photo: Billy Bolton
Alongside these productions, leading West End and cabaret stars will bring late-night entertainment every night from Wednesday to Saturday, such as Black Cat Cabaret hosted by Dusty Limits which begins a weekly residency from tonight (2 November). Other regular events include music night Soho Sounds: Jazz and Finale featuring musical theatre stars such as Natasha Barnes and Fra Fee. Sundays will feature music, poetry and live podcasts. Then there is the new bar and restaurant, which is open from 8am weekdays and 10am at weekends until 1am Mondays to Saturdays and 9pm on Sundays – a destination in its own right from breakfast through to late-night cocktails.
Boulevard Theatre Restaurant
Making the Boulevard more than just a theatre space was important to Fawn James, the grand-daughter of Paul Raymond, the founder of Raymond Revuebar and the broader Soho Estates property group. As director of Soho Estates, which she joined 10 years ago, she sees the Boulevard as a key part of her vision to keep Soho as an arts and entertainment district. “I wanted there to be equal emphasis on different aspects of the business, so we are primarily a theatre but you can join us in the building from eight o’clock in the morning. You can have breakfast, lunch, dinner…. It’s a place to come and have conversations and explore creativity. You could come and see a show and then stay in the bar and have a drink and chat about it, and there’s the late-night programme as well, so it’s something for everyone which is what we were wanting to achieve.”
Ghost Quartet runs until 4 January 2020.
Originally published 2 November 2019 on BritishTheatre.com.
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Student Life /
Student Ceremonies and Events /
2019 White Coat Ceremony /
2020 Graduation Gallery
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2020 White Coat Ceremony
Current page: 2019 White Coat Ceremony
2020 Clinician Ceremony
Katherine Brow shakes hands with Dean Lee Learman after receiving her white coat.
On Oct. 18, the 43 members of the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine’s Class of 2023 participated in their White Coat Ceremony, a ritual that began over two-and-half decades ago and that is now performed at most medical school across the country.
“The purpose of the ceremony is to clarify for students that a physician’s responsibility is to both take care of patients and to care for patients,” said Aubrey Knight, senior dean for student affairs at the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine.
While many medical schools have their white coat ceremonies within the first week of studies, the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine delays its ceremony until students complete their first block of study.
“It was a goal for our leadership team that this White Coat Ceremony would not merely be a celebratory event or photo-op,” said Lee Learman, dean of the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine. “We hoped to convey the significance of what wearing a white coat means to our patients and the community.”
There is a special curriculum to prepare them for the ceremony, hearing from senior physicians about what their white coat means to them and then reflecting on it personally with essays, short stories, poems, or even art.
Your browser does not support iframes. Link to iframe content: https://www.youtube.com/embed/ajGSDeRRGmQ
The class also writes a set of guiding principles to help direct them through their studies and into the profession.
“Together, as the Class of 2023, we will remain steadfast to our principles in the hopes of enriching the lives of our peers, colleagues, school, community, and most importantly, our patients,” said class President Sahana Nazeer.
The class and any physicians in attendance recited the Hippocratic Oath in unison prior to the coating process.
“The white coat becomes not only a rite of passage but also a symbol of the profession itself. So, as you have your freshly ironed, pristine white coats placed on your backs, may this not only serve to remind you of this next step in your journey to becoming an M.D. but also as a reminder of our responsibility to the health of our patients,” Knight reminded the class.
After each member of the class received their coat, the audience gave them a standing ovation. Friends, family, faculty, staff, and students celebrated with a reception following the ceremony.
Richard [Dick] and Sarah Wardrop donated to cover the cost of the coats. Both earned their undergraduate degrees from Virginia Tech. Dick was a faculty member of the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine for three years before moving out of the area. Sarah volunteered as an interviewer for the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine’s Multiple Mini Interview process while in Roanoke. The Wardrops also donated to cover the cost of the coats for the VTCSOM Class of 2022 last year.
Jeri Lantz, associate professor of internal medicine, was the White Coat Ceremony's keynote speaker.
The Class of 2023 with the Office of the Dean following the White Coat Ceremony.
The Class of 2023 celebrates following their White Coat Ceremony.
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Tim Cook wants to play nice with Microsoft, get into businesses
by Heather Kelly @heatherkelly September 29, 2015: 3:30 PM ET
Tim Cook in 90 seconds
Apple is not working on an airplane, but it does want to take over the business world.
Tim Cook and Box CEO Aaron Levie sat down at the Boxworks conference on Tuesday to talk business. Specifically, Apple (AAPL)'s push to make its products appeal to large companies.
"This is not a hobby," said Cook.
He said that enterprise is a $25 billion business for Apple, not including people who bring their own smartphones and tablets to work.
To appeal to larger firms, Apple has been teaming up with some surprising partners, like Microsoft.
"I'm not a believer in holding grudges. Life is short, we're going to die soon," said Cook.
Apple CEO Tim Cook and Box CEO Aaron Levie talked about Apple's plans for business customers at the Boxworks conference in San Francisco on Tuesday.
Apple is working with IBM (IBM) and Microsoft (MSFT), both companies that have traditionally been competitors. It even invited Microsoft on stage at its big iPhone 6S event earlier this month to demo Office for Mac.
Apple recognizes that companies that use Microsoft Office don't want to switch to iWork. According to Cook, what they really want is Office on the Mac to work even better than it does on Windows.
Cook and Levie, sitting on either side of an iPad playing a roaring fireplace app, cracked jokes during the friendly talk.
"Who's tougher to negotiate with, Taylor Swift or Carl Icahn?" asked Levie. Cook responded with a tense laugh that went on a few seconds too long.
Levie asked if Cook ever wanted to just find a mic and drop it, now that Apple has $200 billion in annual revenue. Cook said Apple hasn't even started yet.
In the one week since it came out, the newest version of Apple's mobile operating system has already been installed on 50% of iOS devices. Cook said there are no plans to merge the Apple iOS and OS X operating systems. He also gave brief sunny plugs for two of the company's more beleaguered offerings, the Apple Watch and Apple Music.
Though he didn't ask about recent car rumors, Levie did wonder if Cook was working on an airplane.
"We don't have an iPlane," said Cook. "I think maybe one needs to exist, but that's not something we're even thinking about."
CNNMoney (San Francisco) First published September 29, 2015: 2:21 PM ET
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Labour Gap, Output Gap and Inflation by Economic Sector: The case of Greece and the Peloponnese Region (2000-2007)
Belegri-Roboli, Athena and Demertzi, Aggeliki and Markaki, Maria and Michaelides, Panayotis G. (2011): Labour Gap, Output Gap and Inflation by Economic Sector: The case of Greece and the Peloponnese Region (2000-2007).
The present paper estimates potential labour and labour gap as well as potential output and output gap using a Cobb Douglas production function and a Hodrick-Prescott filter. We investigate Greece as well as the Peloponnese Region in Greece by sector of economic activity (2000-2007), with the aid of the Non Accelerating Wage Inflation Rate of Unemployment (N.A.W.R.U.) concept. The results support the idea that both Greece and the Peloponnese seem to be working over the economy’s capabilities a fact which was empirically found to lead to inflationary pressure. Thus, the empirical results of this paper suggest that output gap explains a considerable part of inflation in the Greek economy. In fact, it takes approximately two (2) years for the output gap to cause inflationary pressures in the Greek Economy. Clearly, future research on the subject would be of great interest.
labour gap, output gap, Greece, Peloponnese
R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R1 - General Regional Economics
R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R1 - General Regional Economics > R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
Prof. Dr. Panayotis G. Michaelides
Apergis, N. and Rezitis, A. (2003), An Examination of Okun’s law: evidence from regional areas in Greece, Applied Economics, 35, 1147-1151.
Artus, J.R. (1997), Measures of Potential Output in Manufacturing for Eight Industrial countries, 1955-78, Staff Papers, International Monetary Fund, Vol. 24, 1-35.
Bank of Greece – [B.o.G.], (2005) Governor’s Report-Annual Report for year 2004, Athens, p. 37 (in Greek).
Billmeier, A. (2004), Ghostbusting: Which Output Gap Measure Really Matters?, IMF Working Paper WP/04/146.
Bolt, W. and van Els, P. J. A. (2000), Output Gap and Inflation in the EU, De Nederlandsche Bank Staff Report No. 44.
Bosworth, B. and Kollintzas, T. (2001), Economic Growth in Greece: Past Performance and Future Prospects, in (Eds.) Bryant, R., Garganas, N. and Tavlas, G., Greece’s Economic Performance and Prospects, Bank of Greece and The Brooking Institution, Athens, 189-237.
Claus, I. (2003), Estimating Potential Output for New Zealand, Applied Economics, 35, 751-760.
Cogley, T. and Nason, J. (1995), Effects of the Hodrick – Prescott Filter on Trend and Difference Stationary Time Series: Implication for Business Cycle Research, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Vol. 19, 253-278.
De Masi, P. (1997), I.M.F. Estimates of Potential Output: Theory and Practice, I.M.F. Working Paper 97/177.
Elmeskov, J. (1993), High and Persistent Unemployment: Assessment of the Problem and Its Causes, O.E.C.D. Economics Department Working Paper, No. 132.
Fagan, G., Henry, J. and Mestre, R. (2001), An Area – Wide Model (AWM) for the Euro Area: Estimates and assessment, ECB Working Paper No. 17.
Giorno, C., Richardson, P., Roseveare, D. and van der Noord, P. (1995), Estimating Potential Output, Output Gaps and Structural Budget Balances, O.E.C.D. Working Papers, No 152.
Harvey, A.C., and Jaeger, A. (1993), Detrending Stylized Facts and the Business Cycle, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 8, 231-247.
Kenny, G. (1996), Capacity Utilization in Irish Manufacturing, Central Bank of Ireland Technical Paper Series, No. 2/RT/96.
King, R.G. and Rebelo, S. (1993), Low Frequency Filtering and Real Business Cycles, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Vol. 17, 361-368.
Kuttner, K. (1994), Estimating Potential Output as a Latent Variable, Journal of Economics and Business Statistics 12, 361-368.
Layard, R., Nickell, S., Jackman, R. (1991), Unemployment, Macroeconomic Performance and the Labour Market, Oxford University Press.
Ministry of Finance - [M.o.F.] (2010),Government Budget for 2011 [http://www.minfin.gr/budget/2011/]
Ministry of Finance - [M.o.F.] (2004), Ergorama: The Integrated Information System, Athens (in Greek).
Ministry of Finance - [M.o.F.] (1998), Current Developments and Prospects of the Greek and International Economy, Athens (in Greek).
National Statistical Service of Greece [N.S.S.G.], (1991, 2001) Results of Census [http://www.statistics.gr].
O.E.C.D. (2002), OECD Economic Survey of Greece, Paris, France.
O.E.C.D. (2004), Territorial Reviews - Athens - Greece, Paris, France.
Okun, A. (1962), Potential G.N.P.: Its Measurement and Significance, Proceedings of the Business and Economics Section, American Statistical Association, 98-104.
Paraskevaides, P. (1993), Income Inequalities and Regional Distribution of the Labour Force, Center of Planning and Economic Research, Athens.
Belegri-Roboli, A., Michaelides, P., and Markaki, M. (2010), Development Opportunities for Peloponnese Region, Labour Institute, General Confederation of Greek Labour Unions [http://www.inegsee.gr/ereynes-meletes/meletes/Anaptyksiakes-dynatothtes-ths-Perifereias- Peloponnhsoy-Periptwsh-Meleths-o-Nomos-Arkadias.html].
Riley, G. (1999), Output Gap [http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/parade/rcb48/output.htm].
Senhadji, A. (2000), Sources of Economic Growth: An Extensive Growth Accounting Exercise, I.M.F. Staff Paper Vol. 47, No. 1.
Slevin, G. (2001), Potential Output and the Output Gap in Ireland, Central Bank of Ireland Technical Paper, 5/RT/01, September 2001.
Stikuts, D. (2003), Measuring output gap in Latvia, Latvijas Banka, Riga, Working Paper 2/2003 - 22 S.
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← Women in Egypt thronging to social media to reveal sexual assaults, hold abusers to account
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This group is working behind the scenes to change the stories you see on TV
Of interest and importance:
ICE agents raid a big-box store, racing down the aisles to apprehend an employee. A DACA recipient who’s a doctor frets over her future. And a family separated by deportation struggles to connect on the phone.
These scenes on TV shows aren’t just quick plot twists ripped from the headlines in the age-old tradition of primetime television. They’re part of a deeper effort behind the scenes to shape new immigrant characters and storylines.
And an advocacy group known as Define American is leading the charge.
Their hope: That changing the conversations in Hollywood’s writers’ rooms will pave the way for immigration policy changes in Washington, too.
“This is long-term work,” says Jose Antonio Vargas, Define American’s founder. “This is not like, ‘How do we pass a bill next month?’ This is, ‘How do we create a culture in which we see immigrants as people deserving of dignity?’ These policies don’t make sense if we don’t see immigrants as people.”
Vargas knows the power of TV to shape stories and change minds. After revealing he was an undocumented immigrant in a 2011 New York Times magazine piece, the Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist became a high-profile advocate and filmmaker whose documentaries appeared on MTV and CNN.
When he first arrived in the United States from the Philippines in the 1990s, Vargas says that he — like many immigrants — got to know his new home by watching TV.
“When we get to this country, our most effective teacher is the television screen. … The way that I talk is because of all the TV and all the popular culture that I consumed,” he says. “For me, the most effective way of becoming American was being exposed to the media.”
Now the organization he founded is flipping that idea on its head.
So far, Vargas says, Define American has consulted on 75 film and TV projects across 22 networks.
The organization says stories it’s shaped have appeared on NBC’s “Superstore,” ABC’s “Grey’s Anatomy,” OWN’s “Queen Sugar” and CW’s “Roswell, New Mexico.” And they hope the list will grow.
Just as “Frasier,” “The Golden Girls” and “Will & Grace” helped him learn about American slang and society, Vargas says a new generation of TV shows can be a bridge, too — this time helping Americans better understand immigrants’ stories.
The view from inside the writers’ room
The first time she spoke with writers from “Superstore,” Elizabeth Grizzle Voorhees felt like she had to break some difficult news.
A season into the NBC sitcom, which portrays life for workers inside a big-box store, the writers had taken the plot arc of one prominent character in a direction they hadn’t anticipated when the show began: Mateo, who’s gay, fiercely competitive and proud of his Filipino heritage, discovered he was undocumented.
And the show’s writers were trying to sort out what to do next.
“They had a ton of questions,” says Voorhees, a former reality TV showrunner who’s now Define American’s chief strategy officer. Their top concern: “How do we get him citizenship?”
That day, she says, Define American’s team explained that the writers’ top question may be impossible to answer for Mateo, just as it is for millions of undocumented immigrants in the United States.
“That it might not be possible to resolve that storyline within a season, within a few episodes, or even within multiple seasons,” Voorhees says.
“I wouldn’t want to tell a story where say, Mateo does find this funny way that totally works and makes him a citizen. And none of that is true. I don’t think it’s good for society that we’re spreading a wrong message,” says Spitzer, now an executive producer of the show.
“I think as a viewer, if I’m watching something and even one time, I see them say something is possible that I know is impossible, that show has largely lost me.”
Instead, he says, Define American’s guidance — along with insights from immigration lawyers and even someone who worked at ICE — helped the writers shape stories rooted in reality.
Define American would bring panels of undocumented immigrants into the writers’ room, he says, sparking ideas for entire episodes with each conversation.
“It became this amazing resource for us. … Organizations like this are great. They can answer questions, but by just sitting around and talking, we can come up with stories we never even dreamed of before,” he says.
One example: an episode in the show’s second season when Mateo, desperate for a solution to his immigration woes, tries to get people in the store to assault him so he can be eligible for a visa for crime victims.
The sixth season of “Superstore” is set to premiere on NBC later this month. Mateo still isn’t a citizen.
Awareness is growing
Today’s TV landscape is dotted with immigrant storylines.
“The Transplant” on NBC features a Syrian doctor who flees his war-torn country and starts over as a medical resident. Shows streaming on Netflix like “Never Have I Ever” and “Kim’s Convenience” portray immigrant parents with comedy and heart. “One Day at a Time,” scheduled to start airing this month on CBS, features Rita Moreno as the immigrant matriarch of a Cuban-American family. On Cinemax, “Warrior” tells tales of Chinese immigrant life in 19th-century San Francisco.
Popular shows that recently ended their run, like “Orange is the New Black” or “Jane the Virgin,” were lauded for the immigrant storylines they incorporated into their final seasons.
And these days, conversations about race and representation once relegated to obscurity are playing a far more prominent role. Lawmakers on the House Judiciary Committee recently grilled experts about diversity in Hollywood.
“There is greater awareness than we’ve probably ever seen before. … People are interested in telling diverse stories. They’re interested in telling stories that haven’t been told before that really can hit home,” Voorhees says.
But shows with more nuanced portrayals of immigrants like “Superstore,” “One Day at a Time” or “Warrior” still aren’t the norm, says Nancy Wang Yuen, a sociologist and author of “Reel Inequality: Hollywood Actors and Racism.”
“We’re not telling good immigrant stories. … There’s groups that we are just not talking about because of our stereotypes of who the undocumented immigrants are,” she says.
How immigrants on TV differ from reality
That’s something Define American’s leaders say they’ve found in their research as well.
In a study released last month with the Norman Lear Center’s Media Impact Project at the University of Southern California, researchers found notable gaps between reality and the ways immigrant stories are portrayed in TV shows.
Their analysis of 129 immigrant characters in 59 scripted shows from the 2018-2019 TV season found that half the immigrant characters on TV were Latinx, a figure roughly in line with reality. But they also found that proportionally, Middle Eastern immigrants were over-represented on television, making up around 10% of the immigrant characters on TV while comprising just 4% of the US immigrant population. About 12% of immigrants on TV are Asian and Pacific Islander immigrants, but that group is estimated to make up about 26% of the US immigrant population.
And that season, the study found there were no undocumented Black immigrants on television, even though it’s estimated there are around 600,000 living in the United States.
“The storyline right now, in the last couple years, in the minds of Hollywood — and I think the larger United States — is that undocumented immigrants equals Latinx,” Yuen says. “The reality is there are also Asian and African undocumented migrants who are also vulnerable and need advocacy.”
Correcting imbalances like these, Vargas says, is something Define American tries to do in its work.
“We need different stories,” Vargas says, “so that we can get to a point where the narrative has been created that this is an issue that impacts all races and ethnicities.”
And that, he says, could have an impact far beyond the screen where any show is streaming.
Why the shows we see matter
Do the shows we watch on TV influence what we do in real life?
For Vargas and others at Define American, that’s a key question.
And they say a recent survey they conducted as part of their study revealed promising findings.
“What about people who have no contact with immigrants whatsoever?” Sarah Lowe, Define American’s head of research asked at a recent event presenting the study to writers in Hollywood. “Our findings show that your work can actually make a difference to those people, too.
“Just like the impact that ‘Will & Grace’ had with the LGBT movement, for regular viewers of ‘Superstore,’ Mateo feels like their friend. They feel like they know him, even if they don’t know any other immigrants in their daily life.”
And the study found that the “Superstore” viewers who felt that sense of friendship with Mateo, but had little or no real-life contact with immigrants, were more likely to support an increase in immigrants coming to the U.S.
For Vargas, Define American’s recent analysis of the “Superstore” character’s impact sends an important message.
“The images we see in media are often immigrants crying, immigrants sad, immigrants tragic, as if we have this veil of tragedy all around us, when in reality, the study showed, when you actually present an immigrant in a three-dimensional way as a person, people are moved to action, to tell another friend, to post something on social media,” he says.
And that’s a big reason Define American will keep pushing behind the scenes.
Source: This group is working behind the scenes to change the stories you see on TV
Filed under Multiculturalism Tagged with Define America, entertainment, Hollywood, writers
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Chris McEntee
Past Springer Nature Staff Member, Springer Nature
About Chris McEntee
Chris is a Senior Journal Development Editor for environmental and sustainability sciences. In this role he leads on the development of open access journals in this subject area. As a member of Springer Nature’s Grand Challenges Advisory Board, he helps drive the publisher’s response to the biggest challenges faced by society, through innovative research and practice. Chris has an MSci in Marine Biology from the University of Southampton and has worked at Springer Nature since 2015, both experiences which have drawn upon and reinforced his passion for research with real-world impact.
Springer Nature opens its doors to early career researchers for Falling Walls Lab in London
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Genome Sequencing and Its Clinical Potential Focus of NYC Rare Disease Day Event
by Larry Luxner
Genetic sequencing and the speed with which it can help diagnose a child’s disease — in addition to revealing the genes that cause at least half of the 7,000 rare diseases currently known — was the focus of a discussion by three top New York geneticists.
The Feb. 28 conference, “Rare Disease Genetics: Unlocking Insights for All,” was organized by the New York Genome Center to mark Rare Disease Day 2018.
Moderated by Max Gomez, medical correspondent for CBS News, the event featured Tuuli Lappalainen, PhD, a core faculty member at the New York Genome Center and assistant biology professor at Columbia University; Jean-Laurent Casanova, MD, PhD, a professor at Rockefeller University’s St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases; and Bruce Gelb, MD, director of the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and a pediatrics and genetics professor at Mount Sinai’s Icahn School of Medicine.
Max Gomez moderates the event at the New York Genome Center. (Photos by Larry Luxner)
Lappalainen noted that rare diseases — which by Europe’s definition affects fewer than one in 2,000 individuals (fewer than 200,000 in the U.S.) — are often inherited, though sometimes they are caused by a new mutation that parents didn’t carry.
“Traditional genetic methods, since the late 1980s, offered sparse mapping and targeted analysis of a few genes. For the past eight or 10 years, we’re doing whole exome sequencing, or analysis of all genes. This gives us a much more dense map of data to find the contributions of genetic variants underlying these rare diseases,” she said. “In the past couple of years, there has been tremendous success in sequencing the whole genome.”
Lappalainen noted situations where two individuals had the exact same genetic variants, but had different outcomes due to environmental and other factors.
“Ultimately, creating a genetic map of rare disease is really important and gives us a platform we can use to develop interventions and medications,” she said.
Tuuli Lappalainen sees treatment possibilities in “creating a genetic map of rare disease.”
Gelb’s presentation was on advancing pediatric genomic medicine.
“Cancer is the front line on this. We are clearly learning that the same cancers can result from different mutations,” he said. “And if we concede that cancer is the lowest-hanging fruit, then pediatrics is the second lowest-hanging fruit. The genetic factors that lead to those disorders are quite strong, making them easier to identify, and easier to think about therapies. It gets murkier once you move into adulthood.”
Gelb said next-generation sequencing has made it possible to discover the genes responsible for nearly 300 diseases every year.
“The new model is: we see the child, we suspect a genetic disorder, and rather than doing a whole series of tests, we immediately go to exome or genome sequencing,” he said. “Instead of taking months or years, it takes weeks — and we can solve up to half the cases.”
As an example, Gelb said that last year his clinic saw an 18-year-old woman with autoimmune kidney disease, resulting in the need for a kidney transplant.
“Unfortunately, the exact same disease recurred, destroying the transplanted kidney, and she was back on dialysis,” Gelb said. “She also has a chronic problem with inflammation of her gastrointestinal tract, and a skin rash that comes and goes. When I met her, I noticed that one of her legs was bigger than the other, and for 18 years, her family has been coping with all of this.”
Gelb said that in less than a month, his team was able to pinpoint the underlying problem: a mutation in the JAK1 gene that is known to cause cancer.
Bruce Gelb wants to bring gene sequencing into practice in “clinically useful, ethically sound” way.
“The mutation she was born with is one that’s been tested,” he said, adding that the patient is now being treated with an FDA-approved drug that prevents recurrence in the next kidney transplant.
“It’s getting cheaper and cheaper to do genome sequencing. At a certain point, it’ll stop making sense to do testing for a specific disease,” Gelb said, though he warned that “as a society, we have to be very careful in saying that we’ll just start doing a genome on every baby born. We are quickly going to learn that what we understand about genetics is not the same for many diseases.”
Gelb is one of four principal investigators of an ambitious project to study the impact of genome sequencing on children’s health outcomes and healthcare costs in New York City.
NYCKidSeq, as the four-year research project is known, received $13 million in funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) last year. The grant is part of a second phase of CSER2 (Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research) — a national multi-site program that evaluates the integration of genome sequencing into clinical care.
“Our goal is to integrate cutting-edge sequencing and technology to improve the standard clinical care of children in Harlem and the Bronx,” Gelb said. “Our ultimate goal is to recruit 1,130 kids with problems in three areas: epilepsy, immunological problems, and cardiac problems. We hope to explain how genome sequencing works in the real world.”
Gelb said NYCKidSeq — using seven clinics run by Mount Sinai and Montefiore Medical Center — will evaluate children suspected of having a genetic disease. These kids, he said, often lack access to quality care and lag in benefiting from advances in research and technology.
“Overall,” he said in an August 2017 press release, “this work will inform the genomic and clinical communities about how to implement genomic medicine in a diverse population in a clinically useful, technologically savvy, culturally sensitive, and ethically sound manner.”
Larry Luxner
Tagged genetics, New York Genome Center, NYCKidSeq, rare disease.
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Next:Expert Uses Webinar to Explain the Science Behind Gene Therapies for Duchenne MD
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Bragg Results
Ella Waters
Vickie Chapman
Labor Ella Waters 7171 31.3 +1.5 +1.5
Liberal Vickie Chapman 15711 68.7 -1.5 -1.5
Greens Ami Harrison 2891 12.6 +0.4 +0.4
Liberal Vickie Chapman 15033 65.7 +2.6 +2.6
Family First .... 0 0.0 -2.7 -2.7
Ashford | Bright
Adelaide Eastern Suburbs
Vickie Chapman (Liberal) since 2002. Deputy Liberal Leader and Shadow Minister for Transport and Infrastructure.
Covers a string of inner south-east suburbs between the CBD and Crafers in the Adelaide Hills. On the plains it includes the suburbs of Rose Park, Dulwich, Toorak Gardens, Marryatville, Heathpool, Tusmore, Hazelwood Park, Linden Park, St Georges, Kensington Park, Leabrook, Erindale, Wattle Park, Skye, Stonyfell, Burnside, Beaumont, Mount Osmond and parts of Glen Osmond. In the hills it includes Crafers, Summertown, Cleland, Greenhill, Piccadilly and parts of Horsnell Gully And Uraidla. (Map)
The boundary changes to Bragg involve suburb swaps along the northern border of the electorate with neighbouring Hartley. Kensington Park is gained from Hartley in exchange for parts of Kensington Gardens and Rosslyn Park. In the same area, Wattle Park and Skye are gained from Morialta. The Liberal margin slips from 21.3% to a still impressive 20.1%.
The electorate is named after Sir William Bragg (1862-1942), Professor of Physics at the University of Adelaide, and his son Sir Lawrence Bragg, who were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1915.
Bragg has been in Liberal hands since it was first created in 1970, and was the seat of former Liberal Premier David Tonkin, representing the seat 1970-83. Tonkin was succeeded by Graeme Ingerson, who held the seat comfortably until his retirement at the 2002 election. Ingerson twice served as Deputy Liberal Leader, once under Dean Brown in opposition in 1992, later serving as Deputy Premier to John Olsen 1996-7, reportedly a reward for a key shift of support in the coup that saw Olsen depose Brown as Liberal leader.
Ingerson was dropped from Cabinet after the 1997 election, only to return later as Cabinet Secretary before again being dropped after criticism in the Auditor-General report on the Hindmarsh Stadium redevelopment. Ingerson's decision to retire in 2002 created a pre-selection scramble for this safe seat, with Government Enterprises Minister Dr Michael Armitage trying to move to Bragg from marginal Adelaide where he faced a strong challenge from Labor's Jane Lomax-Smith. Contesting the pre-selection despite the disapproval of Premier Olsen, Armitage was easily defeated by Vicki Chapman, who was equally easily elected to Parliament at the 2002 election.
There was a 6.8% swing to Labor at the 2006 election, but in this safe Liberal seat, Chapman was easily re-elected with a double digit margin. There was a further 9.6% swing to the Liberals in 2010.
As the graph below shows, the Liberal two-party preferred vote in Bragg is consistently about 20 percentage points above the state-wide Liberal two-party vote.
HARRISON, Ami The Greens
WATERS, Ella Australian Labor Party
CHAPMAN, Vickie Liberal Party
Ami Harrison
Was the Green candidate for Makin at the 2013 Federal election.
Waters studied international relations and philosophy at the University of Adelaide and has worked in both the public and private sectors.
Chapman worked as a barrister and solicitor with her family firm before her election to Parliament. Chapman has long been active in the South Australian Liberal Party and sought Liberal pre-selection for the Federal seat of Barker in 1998 on the retirement of Ian McLachlan. She is a former State President of the South Australian Liberal Party and defeated Government Enterprises Minister and then MP for Adelaide Michael Armitage for pre-selection ahead of the 2002 election. She is the daughter of Ted Chapman, a former state MP who resigned his state seat of Alexandra in 1992 to allow Dean Brown to re-enter Parliament. Chapman contested the Liberal Deputy Leadership in November 2002 on the retirement of Dean Brown, but was defeated 15-5 by Iain Evans. She was elected Deputy Leader to Iain Evans after the 2006 defeat and retained the position when Martin Hamilton-Smith became leader. As Hamilton-Smith's leadership imploded, Chapman contested the Leadership against him in July 2009, defeated 11 votes to 10 with one informal vote, replaced as Deputy by Isobel Redmond. As Hamilton-Smith had failed to attract majority support in the Caucus, a second ballot was called for the following week at which Chapman was defeated by Redmond for the leadership. Chapman is Liberal spokeswoman on Transport and Infrastructure and has again been Deputy Leader since Steven Marshall assumed the leadership in early 2013.
FITZGERALD, Brendan GRN 2,679 12.5 +2.4
CHAPMAN, Vickie LIB 13,726 64.0 +9.1
ZOLLO, Nick FFP 614 2.9 -1.0
DINEEN, Ben ALP 4,426 20.6 -6.0
Greens GRN 12.2
Others OTH 0.4
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Is This the Real Life; Is This Just Fantasy?
Leave a Comment on Is This the Real Life; Is This Just Fantasy?
This Labour conference is less than impressive
John Scotting
Sub Editor of Naked Politics
Well, as entertaining as the Labour Party Conference was, we’re still no clearer on what they actually stand for. Other than the one constant Labour “value” that is; the hatred of all Tory toffs and business people, of course. Claims of honest, authentic, straight talking politics, become strained when every single Labour representative answers every single question with the party’s new soundbite – “erm…well…we’re going to debate it….I think”. Snappy though that is, I’m not sure that dodging difficult questions has ever been a vote winner.
Comrade Corbyn made no reference to either the general election defeat or any plans to win in 2020. So it is clear that he isn’t concerning himself with the wider electorate anyway. His priority seems to be the accumulation of like-minded activists that will stand in solidarity against the tyranny of the Wicked Rich of the West. The one call to arms in his lengthy 1980’s-inspired speech was for his disciples to reach out to new followers. Fuelled with a religious fervour, they are compelled to distribute leaflets, knock on doors and spread the good word of JC at mass congregations.
There is no doubting that after such an emphatic victory, Jeremy Corbyn has a clear mandate to lead the party in any way that he chooses. So it begs the question that if he is as unelectable as most political commentators seem to think, how was his leadership campaign so successful.
One suggestion is that while the economy is growing and life is relatively stable, the moderate majority tend towards apathy and disengage with the political process. So the influx of grassroots support made possible by the £3 vote was always bound to lean towards the extreme. Centrists were so complacent that morbid curiosity was enough for them to “broaden the debate” by nominating him. A line of thought that has now transferred to the idea of him being the next Prime Minister – surely not?!
The drama is now unfolding like the telegraphed plot of a movie with a not-so-surprising twist. The start point, with a Labour Party content in its perpetual opposition is just too far-fetched. Maybe this Corbyn chap is a patsy and there’s actually an evil Blairite mastermind behind the façade? Maybe splitting the centrist vote in the leadership election was deliberate and the social media fever pitch whipped up by Machiavellian puppeteers with excitable centrists dancing on strings.
If there really is a clandestine coup in the offing, perhaps that was the real motivation for Chuka Umunna’s withdrawal. Not only to stand aside and open the door for Jeremy, but also to avoid the battle scars that could tarnish his public image before accepting the Shadow Chancellor role in Tristram Hunt’s cabinet. Is his job now to win back the traditional far left support before allowing them to come to terms with the fact that he is unelectable when the mayoral and council elections go against him in 2016/17?
In that scenario, it is entirely plausible that the objective is also to lull the Conservatives into a false sense of security, potentially teasing out excessively right wing policies that can be more easily challenged from a centrist position. Janan Ganesh, FT columnist, certainly believes that complacency would be understandable, writing that “If David Cameron showed up to parliament in his Bullingdon Club tailcoat to announce the sale of Great Ormond Street children’s hospital to a consortium led by ExxonMobil, his Conservatives would still be competitive against Jeremy Corbyn’s Labour at the next election.”
Whether Corbyn is eventually ousted by a meticulously planned long game or an opportunist gambit, the worst approval rating of any post-war leader does suggest a certain inevitability to the outcome. It would therefore be folly for the Tories to rest on their laurels by departing from the centre ground. With the Conservative Party Conference starting on Sunday, it will be interesting to see if they fall into the trap….
Stolen Rainbow?
Previous Entry What Does the Labour Leadership Race Mean for the Lib Dems?
Next Entry The Beginning of the Modern Left?
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Weathering the Storm: New Hospital Designed with Environmental Factors in Mind
Nantucket’s new hospital will bring a new standard of resiliency to the island. The building has been designed and is being constructed to withstand hurricane-force winds in excess of 150 mph. The design of the facility factors in lessons learned from other hospitals that have experienced crippling power outages and other damage during natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina.
That’s why the new Nantucket Cottage Hospital’s mechanical systems have been installed on the roof, rather than in a basement, to preclude the possibility of a flood knocking out power. New redundancies in the electrical system, including two 500kw generators, will make the building even more resilient. The new hospital will also be certified as a LEED Gold v4 building, a standard that will provide synergies within the building systems, solutions for optimizing performance, and allow NCH to achieve better environmental and economic outcomes from the new facility.
Tropical Storm Jose lashed Nantucket in mid-September 2017, dumping more than six inches of rain, unleashing wind gusts over 60 mph, and cutting off transportation to and from the mainland for nearly four days. For Nantucket Cottage Hospital, the storm was a true test of its emergency preparedness apparatus, as staff members, supplies, and other resources – most notably the availability of Boston MedFlight – were cut off from the island for more than 36 hours. In many ways, it also underscored the need for Nantucket’s new hospital.
At one point during the storm, every inpatient bed in the hospital was full, while the Emergency Department was at capacity. As hospital staff cared for dozens of patients, they also closely monitored the level of critical supplies, as well as the facility’s blood bank, not to mention the integrity of the 1957 roof straining under inches of water being dumped in a short period of time.
For one island resident, Tropical Storm Jose coincided with severe abdominal discomfort that led her to the NCH Emergency Department. Tina Craig Moore was admitted to the hospital for further testing and observation, where doctors determined that she was suffering from an abdominal blockage. “With the start of Tropical Storm Jose upon us, there would be no boats or planes for the next three days,” she said. “Although we were hoping surgery would not be a first option, Dr. Tim Lepore was relentless in figuring out the best course of treatment for me. By afternoon my condition had worsened and surgery was the only option.”
Amid the powerful tropical storm that was testing the resiliency of both staff and the physical plant, the hospital’s surgical team and Dr. Lepore sprang into action to care for Moore’s immediate needs, performing a successful surgery. “I cannot even begin to express how grateful I am to Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Dr. Lepore, and the entire staff,” Moore said. “My care could not have been better if I was in a top Boston facility. I was at all times treated with professionalism, respect and compassion from every employee I had contact with. The hospital’s present building may be in bad shape,” she added, “but your staff is the finest.”
2 / 9 / 2018 by Shay Maguire
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IMDEA Networks › What's new › Events agenda › The impact of digital technologies on the transformation of international trade and its development
The impact of digital technologies on the transformation of international trade and its development
Marisa PONCELA, Advisor, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities; Former Spanish Minister of Trade
Trade and technology are closely related to each other. From the invention of the wheel, to the revolution of the steam engine, technology has constantly played a key role in shaping economic development. This phenomenon is accelerating as never before and unprecedented, generating many opportunities for entrepreneurs and companies around the world, and favoring commercial growth and economic development. However, these technological advances are not guaranteeing higher factor productivity, greater economic integration and employment, for the moment.
The wide adoption of digital technologies changes the composition of trade in services and goods and redefines intellectual property rights in commerce. In addition, the quality of digital infrastructure emerges as a new source of comparative advantage. Between 1996 and 2014, technological advances have reduced the costs of international trade by 15% and will do so between 31 and 34 cumulative percentage points in the next 15 years, despite the current commercial tensions.
On the other hand, digitalization has led to a decrease in the trade of digital goods (CD or Books) from 2.7 percent of total goods trade in 2000 to 0.8, a percentage in 2016. Nevertheless, it is expected that the importance of trade in services will increase, estimating that its share of total trade will grow from 21 to 25% by 2030. Technological innovations not only produce changes in the structure of trade, but are also facilitating this trade in services, generating new services and transforming goods for services, as a result of an adapting process to the consumer’s demand for value.
Closely linked to trade are the finances. New technologies are strongly innovating in this field because they have a relevant importance for companies that sell internationally, given that transactions are more complex and less demanding, which implies the need for insurance. Banks are investing significantly in order to digitalize transactions related to trade, particularly letters of credit and supply chain financing, for example by using blockchain technology, making it easier to process B2B payments between companies. This requires addressing regulatory challenges in an effective manner, taking into account that the benefits associated with the use of new technology exceed the costs of innovation over existing systems.
About Marisa Poncela
Marisa Poncela is one of the most recognized international experts in research policy and international trade, with thirty years of experience in the field. She is currently an Advisor to the Spanish Ministry of Universities, Innovation and Research. Among many other significant roles, she has held the following positions:
Secretary of State (Vice-Minister) of Trade
President of the Institute for International Trade (ICEX España Exportación e Inversiones.
President of the Executive Committees of the investment funds for loans and quasi-equity: FlEM, FIEX and FONPYME
Secretary General (Deputy Vice-Minister) of Science, Technology and Innovation
President of the Spanish Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial – CDTI)
Board member of the Spanish National Research Council (Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas – CSIC)
President of the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC)
Director General of Innovation and Competitiveness
Location: Aula de Grados Padre Soler, Sala 5.1.A01, Edificio Padre Soler "Auditorio", UC3M, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés – Madrid
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Hunter NY Auto Loans
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Hunter NY Auto LoansAllCreditCarLoans2019-11-11T08:29:23+00:00
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Auto loans for new car buyers with bad credit are not a very common type of vehicle financing. Beyond the traditional option of getting approved through a dealership that works with bad credit buyers, many consumers have found that they can save money and gain negotiating leverage by arranging their car financing in advance.
Let us help you get preapproved for that new bad credit car loan and you will become a cash buyer. This saves you time at the dealership and gives you the power to negotiate your best deal on any vehicle you choose. Apply for a new auto loan in Hunter NY and see how much we can save you.
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A used car loan is our most commonly requested loan. By letting us help pre-arrange your funding source, you know that you'll have the power to negotiate the best deal. Apply for a used vehicle loan and see what type of rate & term you can get from our participating lenders.
Buying a used auto will typically provide the best value. That's because the prior owners have already absorbed the biggest portion of the vehicle's depreciation and you may have the option to buy directly from a private seller, thus saving dealer fees. We can help you with an auto loan to buy from a private seller.
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About Hunter NY
Hunter is a town in Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 2,732 at the 2010 census. The town contains two villages, one named Hunter and the other called Tannersville. The town is on the south border of Greene County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 90.7 square miles (235.0 km²), of which 90.4 square miles (234.3 km²) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.7 km², or 0.31%) is water.
The south town line and part of the east town line are the border of Ulster County. The town is in the Catskill Mountains and the Catskill Park. Many of the Catskill High Peaks, including Hunter Mountain, a 4040 foot mountain that is the highest in the county and the second-highest in the Catskills, are in the town.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,721 people, 1,074 households, and 644 families residing in the town. The population density was 30.1 people per square mile (11.6/km²). There were 2,840 housing units at an average density of 31.4 per square mile (12.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.95% White, 0.59% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.09% of the population.
In the town, the population was spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $33,382, and the median income for a family was $42,200. Males had a median income of $35,532 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,496. About 11.1% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.0% of those under age 18 and 16.5% of those age 65 or over.
For more information, see Hunter New York wiki
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Lyndonville NY Auto Loans
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Lyndonville NY Auto LoansAllCreditCarLoans2019-11-11T09:28:57+00:00
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Getting the best deal on a car loan in Lyndonville NY can save you a significant amount of money over the life of your loan. That’s why you need a partner who knows how to get you approved for the vehicle that you want at the lowest car loan interest rate possible and with no hassle.
Watch Our Video On Getting A Car Loan In Lyndonville NY
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Our loan programs are tailored to your exact needs and budget and are designed to meet or exceed the features of national auto finance companies like Capital One Auto Finance, Carmax Used Cars, USAA Auto Loans, Chase Auto Loans, Wells Fargo Auto Loans, Bank of America Car Loans, Navy Federal Car Loans, AAA Auto Loans, Key Bank Auto Loans, PNC Car Loans, Bankrate Auto Loans, US Bank Auto Loans, TD Bank Car Loans and State Farm Auto Loans.
We've provided car loans for first-time buyers, car financing for college students and we are proud to have arranged military and veteran auto financing for service members and their spouses. We've even been able to help foreign nationals and others who do not qualify for a social security number to obtain an auto loan with their ITIN number.
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Let us help you get preapproved for that new car loan and you will become a cash buyer. This saves you time at the dealership and gives you the power to negotiate your best deal on any vehicle you choose. Apply for a new auto loan in Lyndonville NY and see how much we can save you.
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About Lyndonville NY
Lyndonville is a village in Orleans County, New York, United States. The population was 838 at the 2010 census. The name was selected because some of the early settlers were from Lyndon, Vermont. It is part of the Rochester Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lyndonville is located at 43°19′26″N 78°23′16″W / 43.32389°N 78.38778°W / 43.32389; -78.38778 (43.323786, -78.387697).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km), all land.
Lyndonville is located on north-south highway New York State Route 63 (North and South Main Street), south of its intersection with New York State Route 18. It is also about four miles south of Lake Ontario.
Johnson’s Creek flows through the village.
As of the census of 2000, there were 862 people, 325 households, and 228 families residing in the village. The population density was 841.7 people per square mile (326.3/km²). There were 344 housing units at an average density of 335.9 per square mile (130.2/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 98.14% White, 0.23% African American, 0.46% Asian, 0.70% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.51% of the population.
The median income for a household in the village was $40,179, and the median income for a family was $45,500. Males had a median income of $35,769 versus $19,464 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,357. About 5.9% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.7% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.
Lyndonville has 3 churches within the village, the Lyndonville United Methodist, the Lyndonville Presbyterian, and Our Lady of the Lake St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church. Lyndonville is also home to a large Amish and Mennonite population.
Lyndonville New York neighborhoods include: Lyndonville
For more information, see Lyndonville New York wiki
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