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__label__cc	0.612854	0.387146	Capacitive Touch Screen Panel Small Touch Screens Medium Touch Screens Large Touch Screens Resistive Touch Screen 4-wire Resistive Touch Screen Panel 5-wire Touch Screen Interactive Touch Screens USB Touch Screen Panel G+G电容触屏 Custom Touch Screens Intelligent Touch Screen Equipment Touch GPS Touch Screen Retail Touch Screens LCD Touch Screen Car Touch Screen Infrared Touch Screen Industrial Touch Screen Optical Touch Screen What is the difference between a four-wire resistive touch screen and a five-wire resistive touch screen? Resistive touch screens are controlled using pressure sensing. The main part is a resistive film screen that is very compatible with the surface of the display. It is a multi-layer composite film with a glass or hard plastic plate as the base layer coated with a transparent metal oxide (ITO). The layer is covered with a layer of externally hardened, smooth and scratch-resistant plastic layer (the inner surface of which is also coated with an ITO coating) with a number of small (approximately 1/1000 inch) transparent spacers between them. The two layers of ITO conductive layer are separated from each other. When the finger touches the screen, the two conductive layers that are normally insulated from each other have a contact at the touch point position, because one conductive layer turns on the 5V uniform voltage field in the Y-axis direction, so that the voltage of the detection layer changes from zero to zero. Non-zero, after the controller detects this turn-on, A/D conversion is performed, and the obtained voltage value is compared with 5V to obtain the Y-axis coordinate of the touch point. Similarly, the coordinates of the X-axis are obtained, which is The most basic principle common to all resistive technology touch screens. The key to resistive touch screens is material technology. Commonly used transparent conductive coating materials are: 1 ITO, indium oxide, weak conductor, the characteristic is that when the thickness drops below 1800 angstroms (A = 10-10 meters), it will suddenly become transparent, the light transmittance is 80%, and then the light transmittance will decrease. It rises to 80% at a thickness of 300 angstroms. ITO is the main material used in all resistance technology touch screens and capacitive technology touch screens. In fact, the working surface of the resistive and capacitive technology touch screen is ITO coating. 2 Nickel-gold coating, the outer conductive layer of the five-wire resistive touch screen uses a nickel-gold coating material with good ductility. The outer conductive layer is frequently touched, and the nickel-gold material with good ductility is used for the purpose of prolonging the service life. However, the process cost is relatively high. Although the nickel-gold conductive layer has good ductility, it can only be used as a transparent conductor. It is not suitable as a working surface of a resistive touch screen because it has high conductivity and the metal is not easy to be very uniform in thickness, and it is not suitable as a voltage distribution layer. Floor. five-wire resistance touch screen: The base layer of the five-wire resistive touch screen puts the voltage fields in both directions on the conductive working surface of the glass through the precision resistor network. We can simply understand that the voltage field time-sharing in both directions is added to the same working surface. The outer layer of nickel-gold conductive layer is only used as a pure conductor, and the position of the touch point is measured by a method of detecting the X and Y-axis voltage values of the inner ITO contact point after touch. The inner layer ITO of the five-wire resistive touch screen requires four leads, the outer layer is only used as one conductor, and the touch screen has five lead wires. Another proprietary technique for a five-wire resistive touch screen is to correct the linearity of the inner ITO through a precision resistor network: the conductive coating may have uneven thickness and uneven voltage distribution. Resistance screen performance characteristics: 1 They are a working environment completely isolated from the outside world, not afraid of dust, water vapor and oil 2 can be touched with any object, can be used to write and draw, which is their big advantage 3 The accuracy of the resistive touch screen depends only on the accuracy of the A/D conversion, so it can easily reach 4096*4096. In comparison, the five-wire resistance is superior to the four-wire resistance in ensuring the resolution accuracy, but the cost is high. Therefore the price is very high. Improvements to the five-wire resistive touch screen: First, the A side of the five-wire resistive touch screen is a conductive glass instead of a conductive coating layer. The process of the conductive glass greatly improves the life of the A surface and can improve the light transmittance. Secondly, the five-wire resistive touch screen gives the task of the working surface to the long-life A-side, while the B-side is only used as a conductor, and a nickel-gold transparent conductive layer with good ductility and low resistivity is used. Therefore, the B-side Life expectancy is also greatly improved. Another proprietary technology for five-wire resistive touch screens is to correct the linearity of the A-plane through a precision resistor network: the precision resistor network flows during operation due to the inevitable uneven thickness of the voltage field due to process engineering. Most of the current is passed, so it is possible to compensate for possible linear distortion of the working surface. The five-wire resistive touch screen is currently the best resistive technology touch screen, and is most suitable for military, medical, and industrial control applications. four-wire resistance touch screen The touch screen is attached to the surface of the display and used in conjunction with the display. If the coordinate position of the touch point on the screen can be measured, the intention of the touch person can be known according to the display content or icon of the corresponding coordinate point on the display screen. Among them, resistive touch screens are used more in embedded systems. The resistive touch screen is a 4-layer transparent composite film screen, as shown in Figure 2. The bottom layer is the base layer made of glass or plexiglass. The top layer is a layer of plastic that is hardened to make it smooth and scratch-resistant. Two layers of metal conductive layers, one above the base layer and the inner surface of the plastic layer, are separated by a plurality of fine transparent isolation points between the two conductive layers. When the finger touches the screen, the two conductive layers are in contact at the touch point. The two metal conductive layers of the touch screen are two working faces of the touch screen, and each end of each working surface is coated with a silver glue, which is called a pair of electrodes of the working surface, if applied on the electrode pairs of one working surface The voltage will form a uniform continuous parallel voltage distribution on the working surface. As shown in FIG. 1, when a certain voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes in the X direction, and no voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes in the Y direction, in the X parallel voltage field, the voltage at the contact can be at Y+ (or Y). -) Reflected on the electrode, the X coordinate value of the contact can be known by measuring the voltage of the Y+ electrode to ground. Similarly, when a voltage is applied to the Y electrode pair and no voltage is applied to the X electrode pair, the Y coordinate of the contact can be known by measuring the voltage of the X+ electrode. Previous:Detailed introduction of the working principle of four-wire resistive touch screen Next:why sometimes the car dvd navigator touch screen does not work ???? Building B605, Fumin Electronic center, Guanlan Town, Longhua District, Shenzhen City, China wutao@szxinhechang.com http://m.xinhechang-touch.com/ Copyright © Shenzhen Xinhechang Technology Co.,Ltd All Rights Reserved.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2733
__label__wiki	0.520491	0.520491	Rnb hip hop > De La Soul to give away their entire discography for free for 25 hours Hip Hop group De La Soul has decided to celebrate their 25th anniversary by giving away their entire catalog for free. The legendary trio that debuted 25-years ago with their highly acclaimed '3 Feet High and Rising' album, will allow their music to be downloaded for free, for just 25 hours from their website - www.wearedelasoul.com - starting today February 14th at 11 a.m. EST until Saturday at noon. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Posdnuos explained the reason behind the move: “It’s about allowing our fans who have been looking and trying to get a hold of our music to have access to it. It’s been too long where our fans haven’t had access to everything. This is our way of showing them how much we love them.” This will be an occasion for younger fans to get the chance to listen to De La Soul’s many classic releases, which have not made it on to mainstream purchasing platforms, due to densely-layered sample issues. “It’s been a trying journey,” continued Posdnuous. “We’ve been blessed to be in the Library of Congress, but we can’t even have our music on iTunes. We’ve been working very hard to get that solved.” Their music catalog contains these albums: 3 Feet High and Rising, De La Soul is Dead, Buhloone Mindstate, Stakes Is High, Art Official Intelligence: Mosaic Thump, Art Official Intelligence: Bionix and The Grind Date. The group will be soon releasing a six-song EP titled 'Preemium Soul on the Rock', that features beats from legends DJ premier and Pete Rock, a planned trip to Detroit to work on an rare, unreleased beat from the late, J Dilla, which should finally pave the way for 'You’re Welcome', which would be the band’s first full-length album since The Grind Date in 2004. “[It's] coming along amazingly. We have tons of music, but we’re our own worst critics…Certain groups have too many ‘yes men.’ In our group, we have too many ‘no men.’ When we look back on some of the stuff we have, we’re like, ‘Yo, we need to just put this out.’ The album is still called You’re Welcome, but we also have this whole other album that we’re working on that… Wooo, I wish I could talk about it.” So if you are looking for some incredibly authentic hip hop music, be sure to check out De La Soul’s website. De La Soul, The Road to Damascus	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2735
__label__wiki	0.682861	0.682861	Port Royal, South Carolina The concept Port Royal, South Carolina represents the subject, aboutness, idea or notion of resources found in Bates College. The Resource Port Royal, South Carolina Readex congressional thesaurus 33 Items that share the Concept Port Royal, South Carolina Appropriation for Navy yards and stations. Letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy of a communication from the Secretary of the Navy, submitting additional estimates for Navy yards and stations. January 5, 1897. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Appropriations for the naval station at Port Royal, S.C. February 24, 1897. -- Referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed, to accompany Mr. Tillman's amendment reported to H.R. 10336., (electronic resource) Beaufort Mounted Guard. February 8, 1884. -- Committed to the Committee of the Whole House and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Buildings at Navy yards. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting information in response to Senate resolution of January 25, 1911, relative to the number, cost, and character of buildings at the various Navy yards. February 21, 1911. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Certain enlisted men in the Marine Corps. April 4, 1894. -- Committed to the Committee of the Whole House and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Change of location of naval station at Port Royal, S.C. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting a report... examining into the expediency of changing the location of the naval station now at Port Royal, S.C., to some point in the State of South Carolina at or near the City of Charleston. January 11, 1901. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Condition of government property, Port Royal, S.C. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, submitting a report as to the condition of the government property at Port Royal. January 9, 1903. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) In the Senate of the United States. April 19, 1890. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Davis, from the Committee on Military Affairs, submitted the following report. (To accompany S. 3453.) The Committee on Naval Affairs, to which was referred Senate Bill 3453, "Providing for the Construction of a Dry Dock at Port Royal, S.C.," have had the same under consideration..., (electronic resource) In the Senate of the United States. January 21, 1896. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Tillman, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, submitted the following report: (To accompany S. 1297.) The Committee on Naval Affairs, to whom was referred the Bill (S. 1297) to provide for the purchase of lands adjoining the United States naval station, Port Royal, S.C.,..., (electronic resource) In the Senate of the United States. July 11, 1894. -- Ordered to the printed. Mr. McMillan, The Committee on Naval Affairs, to whom was referred the Bill (S. 1464.) The Committee on Naval Affairs, to whom was referred the Bill (S. 1464) for the relief of certain enlisted men in the Marine Corps of the U.S. Navy, recommend immediate passage of the bill..., (electronic resource) In the Senate of the United States. July 16, 1866. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Clark made the following report. (To accompany Bill H.R. No. 518.) The Committee on Claims, to whom were referred the petition and papers relative to the claim of the owners of the bark Maria Henry, have had the same under consideration, and make the following report..., (electronic resource) In the Senate of the United States. March 11, 1892. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Butler, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, submitted the following report: (To accompany S. 1290.) The Committee on Naval Affairs, to whom were referred the Bill (S. 1290) to provide for the purchase of lands adjoining the United States naval station, Port Royal, S.C., have considered the same and recommend its passage..., (electronic resource) In the Senate of the United States. March 4, 1868. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Pomeroy made the following report. (To accompany Bill S. No. 293.) The Committee on Public Lands, to whom was referred the petition of members of the Constitutional Convention of South Carolina, praying aid to the Port Royal Railroad Company, in completing its road from Port Royal to Augusta, Georgia, made the following report..., (electronic resource) Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate for an appropriation for a store-house at the naval station, Port Royal, S.C. March 2, 1885. -- Referred to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Machinery plant at Naval Station, Port Royal, S.C. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy of a communication from the Secretary of the Navy submitting an estimate of appropriation for improvement in the machinery plant at the Naval Station, Port Royal, S.C. March 17, 1898. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Memorial of the town councils of Beaufort and Port Royal, South Carolina, remonstrating against the removal of the naval station from Port Royal to Tybee Roads. May 31, 1876. -- Referred to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Officers' quarters at Port Royal, S.C. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy of a communication from the Secretary of the Navy relating to the necessity of an additional appropriation for the construction of officers' quarters at Port Royal, S.C. December 17, 1892. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. [Operations of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, February 2, 1865 to August 3, 1865; Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, October 29, 1861 to May 13, 1862; Series 1, Vol. 12]., (electronic resource) Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. [Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron from October 1, 1864, to August 8, 1865; Operations of the Gulf Blockading Squadron from June 7 to December 15, 1861; Series 1, Vol. 16]., (electronic resource) Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. [Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, October 1, 1863 to September 30, 1864; Series 1, Vol. 15]., (electronic resource) Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. [Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron; April 7 to September 30, 1863, Series 1, Vol. 14]., (electronic resource) Official records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. [Operations on the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers, December 1861-July 1865; Atlantic Blockading Squadron, April 1861-July 1861; Series 1, Vol. 5]., (electronic resource) Petition of members of the Constitutional Convention of South Carolina, praying aid to the Port Royal Railroad Company in completing its road from Port Royal to Augusta, Georgia. February 17, 1868. -- Referred to the Committee on Public Lands and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Port Royal Harbor, South Carolina. Resolutions of the Legislature of the State of South Carolina, in relation to fortifying Port Royal Harbor in said state, &c. December 30, 1856. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs, and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Port Royal naval station. January 18, 1893. -- Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Purchase of land at Port Royal, S.C. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, relative to the purchase of land adjoining the naval station at Port Royal, S.C. January 31, 1898. -- Referred to the Committee on Appropriations, to accompany amendment to Naval appropriation bill, and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Removal of naval station, Port Royal, S.C. February 25, 1901. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Report of the hearings before the Committee on Naval Affairs relative to the proposed transfer of the naval station from Port Royal, S.C., to Charleston, S.C., February 1 and 5, 1901. February 9, 1901. -- Presented by Mr. Hale, referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs, and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Sea Islands, Beaufort, S.C. (To accompany Bill H.R. No. 2289.) June 30, 1870. -- Ordered to be printed and recommitted to the Committee on Reconstruction., (electronic resource) Steamer Nuestra Senora de la Regla. Message from the President of the United States, relative to the seizure of a Spanish steamer in 1861. January 10, 1868. -- Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Talbird & Jenkins. April 13, 1928. -- Committed to the Committee of the Whole House and ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Talbird & Jenkins. January 31 (calendar day, February 2), 1929. -- Ordered to be printed., (electronic resource) Timber dry dock at Port Royal, S.C. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy of a letter from the Secretary of the Navy submitting an estimate for an additional appropriation of $300,000 for the construction of a timber dry dock at Port Royal, S.C. January 19, 1891. -- Referred to the Committee on Appropriations., (electronic resource) Context of Port Royal, South Carolina Timber dry dock at Port Royal, S.C. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy of a letter from the Secretary of the Navy submitting an estimate for an additional appropriation of $300,000 for the construction of a timber dry dock at Port Royal, S.C. January 19, 1891. -- Referred to the Committee on Appropriations. Appropriation for Navy yards and stations. Letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy of a communication from the Secretary of the Navy, submitting additional estimates for Navy yards and stations. January 5, 1897. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed. Appropriations for the naval station at Port Royal, S.C. February 24, 1897. -- Referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed, to accompany Mr. Tillman's amendment reported to H.R. 10336. Beaufort Mounted Guard. February 8, 1884. -- Committed to the Committee of the Whole House and ordered to be printed. Buildings at Navy yards. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting information in response to Senate resolution of January 25, 1911, relative to the number, cost, and character of buildings at the various Navy yards. February 21, 1911. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed. Certain enlisted men in the Marine Corps. April 4, 1894. -- Committed to the Committee of the Whole House and ordered to be printed. Change of location of naval station at Port Royal, S.C. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting a report... examining into the expediency of changing the location of the naval station now at Port Royal, S.C., to some point in the State of South Carolina at or near the City of Charleston. January 11, 1901. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed. Condition of government property, Port Royal, S.C. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, submitting a report as to the condition of the government property at Port Royal. January 9, 1903. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed. In the Senate of the United States. April 19, 1890. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Davis, from the Committee on Military Affairs, submitted the following report. (To accompany S. 3453.) The Committee on Naval Affairs, to which was referred Senate Bill 3453, "Providing for the Construction of a Dry Dock at Port Royal, S.C.," have had the same under consideration... In the Senate of the United States. January 21, 1896. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Tillman, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, submitted the following report: (To accompany S. 1297.) The Committee on Naval Affairs, to whom was referred the Bill (S. 1297) to provide for the purchase of lands adjoining the United States naval station, Port Royal, S.C.,... In the Senate of the United States. July 11, 1894. -- Ordered to the printed. Mr. McMillan, The Committee on Naval Affairs, to whom was referred the Bill (S. 1464.) The Committee on Naval Affairs, to whom was referred the Bill (S. 1464) for the relief of certain enlisted men in the Marine Corps of the U.S. Navy, recommend immediate passage of the bill... In the Senate of the United States. July 16, 1866. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Clark made the following report. (To accompany Bill H.R. No. 518.) The Committee on Claims, to whom were referred the petition and papers relative to the claim of the owners of the bark Maria Henry, have had the same under consideration, and make the following report... In the Senate of the United States. March 11, 1892. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Butler, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, submitted the following report: (To accompany S. 1290.) The Committee on Naval Affairs, to whom were referred the Bill (S. 1290) to provide for the purchase of lands adjoining the United States naval station, Port Royal, S.C., have considered the same and recommend its passage... In the Senate of the United States. March 4, 1868. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Pomeroy made the following report. (To accompany Bill S. No. 293.) The Committee on Public Lands, to whom was referred the petition of members of the Constitutional Convention of South Carolina, praying aid to the Port Royal Railroad Company, in completing its road from Port Royal to Augusta, Georgia, made the following report... Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate for an appropriation for a store-house at the naval station, Port Royal, S.C. March 2, 1885. -- Referred to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. Machinery plant at Naval Station, Port Royal, S.C. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy of a communication from the Secretary of the Navy submitting an estimate of appropriation for improvement in the machinery plant at the Naval Station, Port Royal, S.C. March 17, 1898. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed. Memorial of the town councils of Beaufort and Port Royal, South Carolina, remonstrating against the removal of the naval station from Port Royal to Tybee Roads. May 31, 1876. -- Referred to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. Officers' quarters at Port Royal, S.C. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy of a communication from the Secretary of the Navy relating to the necessity of an additional appropriation for the construction of officers' quarters at Port Royal, S.C. December 17, 1892. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. [Operations of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, February 2, 1865 to August 3, 1865; Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, October 29, 1861 to May 13, 1862; Series 1, Vol. 12]. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. [Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron from October 1, 1864, to August 8, 1865; Operations of the Gulf Blockading Squadron from June 7 to December 15, 1861; Series 1, Vol. 16]. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. [Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, October 1, 1863 to September 30, 1864; Series 1, Vol. 15]. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. [Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron; April 7 to September 30, 1863, Series 1, Vol. 14]. Official records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. [Operations on the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers, December 1861-July 1865; Atlantic Blockading Squadron, April 1861-July 1861; Series 1, Vol. 5]. Petition of members of the Constitutional Convention of South Carolina, praying aid to the Port Royal Railroad Company in completing its road from Port Royal to Augusta, Georgia. February 17, 1868. -- Referred to the Committee on Public Lands and ordered to be printed. Port Royal Harbor, South Carolina. Resolutions of the Legislature of the State of South Carolina, in relation to fortifying Port Royal Harbor in said state, &c. December 30, 1856. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs, and ordered to be printed. Port Royal naval station. January 18, 1893. -- Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed. Purchase of land at Port Royal, S.C. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, relative to the purchase of land adjoining the naval station at Port Royal, S.C. January 31, 1898. -- Referred to the Committee on Appropriations, to accompany amendment to Naval appropriation bill, and ordered to be printed. Removal of naval station, Port Royal, S.C. February 25, 1901. -- Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed. Report of the hearings before the Committee on Naval Affairs relative to the proposed transfer of the naval station from Port Royal, S.C., to Charleston, S.C., February 1 and 5, 1901. February 9, 1901. -- Presented by Mr. Hale, referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs, and ordered to be printed. Sea Islands, Beaufort, S.C. (To accompany Bill H.R. No. 2289.) June 30, 1870. -- Ordered to be printed and recommitted to the Committee on Reconstruction. Steamer Nuestra Senora de la Regla. Message from the President of the United States, relative to the seizure of a Spanish steamer in 1861. January 10, 1868. -- Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and ordered to be printed. Talbird & Jenkins. April 13, 1928. -- Committed to the Committee of the Whole House and ordered to be printed. Talbird & Jenkins. January 31 (calendar day, February 2), 1929. -- Ordered to be printed. <div class="citation" vocab="http://schema.org/"><i class="fa fa-external-link-square fa-fw"></i> Data from <span resource="http://link.bates.edu/resource/SlKzm5vvu50/" typeof="CategoryCode http://bibfra.me/vocab/lite/Concept"><span property="name http://bibfra.me/vocab/lite/label"><a href="http://link.bates.edu/resource/SlKzm5vvu50/">Port Royal, South Carolina</a></span> - <span property="potentialAction" typeOf="OrganizeAction"><span property="agent" typeof="LibrarySystem http://library.link/vocab/LibrarySystem" resource="http://link.bates.edu/"><span property="name http://bibfra.me/vocab/lite/label"><a property="url" href="http://link.bates.edu/">Bates College</a></span></span></span></span></div> Data Citation of the Concept Port Royal, South Carolina	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2738
__label__cc	0.693346	0.306654	ohio pa program Accreditation remains in effect until the program closes or withdraws from the accreditation process or until accreditation is withdrawn for failure to comply with the Standards. What is a PA? However, we recognize that many colleges and universities moved to pass/fail grading for spring and summer 2020 courses due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Documentation related to affirmative answers provided in the Questions portion of the application. The University of Findlay Physician Assistant Program has been awarded Platinum status by the Ohio Association of Physician Assistants for achieving 100 percent student membership. Education transcript from a program accredited by the Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA). In Ohio, most physician assistant programs are offered at the master's degree level. Please refer to program websites for the most up to date information. During the first year, students complete course work in basic and applied sciences including, Anatomy & Physiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical medicine, Pharmacology, Physical Diagnosis techniques, and surgical technical skills. It was the first graduate level PA Program in the State of Ohio. Ohio currently has five physician assistant programs awarding the master's degree: Kettering College of Medical Arts, University of Toledo, Marietta College, University of Findlay, and Cuyahoga College/Cleveland State University. The seven-semester, 27-month program is designed to prepare students to work in any clinical setting, with an emphasis on primary care in urban and rural medically under-served communities in Ohio and throughout Appalachia. However since 2008, the state of Ohio requires practicing Physician Assistants to have a master’s degree. Ohio University PA Program Mission Statement. The free event welcomed participants to Grover Center to view research presentations, engage in interactive demonstrations, guided and unguided tours and more. The technical standards for admission establish the expectations and abilities considered essential for students admitted to the Physician Assistant Program in order to achieve the level of competency required for graduation and ultimately practice as a physician assistant. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, physician assistant positions are expected to grow 38% through 2022, a rate well above almost any other profession and double that of medical doctors. The University of Dayton Physician Assistant program requires letter grades for prerequisite courses. Several of these courses have both a lecture and a laboratory component. Physician Assistant Program The University of Toledo Physician Assistant Program (UTPA) is a 27-month graduate program leading to a Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences (MSBS) degree with a Physician Assistant concentration. This degree is recognized through the U.S. and in certain international locations. The Miami Dade College PA program is in transition. We are making an attempt to update information as quickly as possible. If you have additional questions, please visit our FAQ page. During the second year, students are provided the opportunity to develop th… Jefferson University-Center City PA Program Mission Statement The mission of the Center City Physician Assistant Studies Program is to use our model of interprofessional education to educate skilled, compassionate physician assistants prepared to provide leadership through our evolving healthcare system, dedicated to lifelong learning and service to the community. The physician assistant occupational field in Ohio is projected to grow by 33 percent in the decade between 2008 and 2018. Accreditation-Continued is an accreditation status granted when a currently accredited program is in compliance with the ARC-PA Standards. Search and create your own rankings for the criteria important for you with the Search button. Applicants may apply online to multiple programs through the Central Application Service for PAs (CASPA). Simply click on the school below for more information. Physician Assistant program. The seven-semester, 27-month program is designed to prepare students to work in any clinical setting, with an emphasis on primary care in urban and rural medically under-served communities in Ohio and throughout Appalachia. The Gait Lab, Healthy Village and interdisciplinary virtual reality experiences were just a few of the highlights of Ohio University’s College of Health Sciences and Professions’ (CHSP) first-ever “Experiencing Health Professions: From Science to Practice” event on Thursday, Feb. 27. The program’s accreditation history can be viewed on the ARC-PA website: http://www.arc-pa.org/accreditation-history-ohio-university/. Baker University Center and Event Services, International Student and Faculty Services, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Center, Vice President for Research and Creative Activity, Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, Institutional Review Board/Human Subjects Research, School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Professions’, Schey sales team brings home World Cup of Sales at international competition, Student Accessibility Services supports student accommodations during remote learning, Early bird with tall, sickle-shaped beak reveals hidden diversity during the Age of Dinosaurs, Ohio University featured in INSIGHT Into Diversity Magazine November issue. We recommend that applicants complete all prerequisite coursework, with exception of the humanities, within ten years of enrollment in ODUs Physician Assistant Studies program. You can compare 2 and 4-year colleges for undergraduate and graduate PA degrees. Ohio proudly houses 12 PA programs. According to AAPA, there were over 131,000 physician assistants in 2019. Student representatives serve in both OAPA and AAPA to connect our program to the state and national level. All of which offer Master's Degrees, as is a requirement for Ohio PA licensure. Successful completion of the PA program, whether delivered face to face or via virtual platform, satisfies the academic requirements for initial licensure in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Mount St. Joseph University’s Physician Assistant Program has Accreditation-Provisional status from the ARC-PA. All students admitted to the PA Program are expected to be able to de… Physician Assistant Programs Affiliated with Cleveland Clinic Students from affiliated programs can complete their internships or clinical rotations at Cleveland Clinic's main campus or one of its regional hospitals. Ohio proudly houses 12 PA programs. The Program defines US Military as active duty, reserves or veteran status from the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard and National Guard. Pre-Physician Assistant Coursework Physician Assistant Education Association (PAEA) This site provides access to a list of PA programs around the country. How to Become a Physician Assistant in Ohio. Physician Assistant Program Length & Cost in Ohio Physician assistant programs are master’s degree level programs. Starting in 2018, the Associate’s Program in Health Sciences will take the place of the Associate’s degree in PA, but the AP in Health Sciences will be the prerequisite to their Bachelor of Applied Science with an Option in Physician Assistant Studies. All prerequisite coursework must be completed with a grade of “C” or better. It is recommended that the majority of academic work be completed prior to application. Currently, Cleveland Clinic accepts students studying to become physician assistants from the following schools: An enriching undergraduate experience at Cleveland State University is the first step in your journey to becoming a physician assistant.Ohio has many Physician Assistant Programs and there are many in Northeast Ohio. Currently, over 90 physician assistant programs award master's degrees or provide a graduate degree option. Courses are made up of lectures and clinical experiences … Admission to Ohio University's Physician Assistant program is highly competitive. Our objective is to increase the opportunities for persons with disabilities, while maintaining the expectation that all students achieve the goals of the Program. Applicants to the M.S. Ohio Dominican's Physician Assistant Studies program embraces a holistic approach to the pursuit of excellence in academics, research, clinical practice and community service. Applicants may apply online to multiple programs through the Central Application Service for PAs (CASPA). The College of Health Sciences and Professions offers a master’s degree in Physician Assistant Practice (MPAP) at the University’s Dublin Integrated Education Center in Dublin, Ohio. The Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant, Inc. (ARC-PA) has granted Accreditation-Continued status to the Ohio University Physician Assistant Program sponsored by Ohio University. Programs that do not currently offer a graduate degree must transition to conferring a graduate degree, which should be awarded by the sponsoring institution, upon all PA students who matriculate into the program after 2020. on the PDF that appears to access the program’s Accreditation Actions History. The mission of the Ohio University Master of Physician Assistant Practice program is to prepare students to be leaders in PA practice in any clinical setting, with a particular emphasis on primary care in urban and rural underserved communities in the State of Ohio and throughout Appalachia, using an interprofessional team approach. Graduates of an accredited PA program are eligible to take the Physician Assistant National Certifying Examination. For any questions you have about preparing for a career as a physician assistant, please contact: Ms. Tailyn Walborn Mallory-Wilson Center 106 Pearson Hall walborta@MiamiOH.edu. Accelerated/Dual Degree Physician Assistant Programs. Click on the PDF that appears to access the program’s Accreditation Actions History. The Physician Assistant program is 27 months in duration. The approximate date for the next validation review of the program by the ARC-PA will be 2029 March. Each program has varying admissions requirements, program duration, and curricula. Physician Assistant Program must have a bachelor’s degree along with meeting our pre-requisite courses. The review date is contingent upon continued compliance with the Accreditation Standards and ARC-PA policy. Each program has varying admissions requirements, program duration, and curricula. All data in the directory was reported by the programs prior to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic reaching the United States. UMU’s five-year NCCPA PANCE exam pass rate is 98% for all first-time takers (2015-2019). The Physician Assistant Education Association’s web site (PAEA) allows one to search for program by state. COVID-19 Update To support applicants impacted by COVID-19, the Physician Assistant program has made modifications to our admissions requirements for the 2020-2021 recruitment cycle. Upon graduation and successfully passing the PANCE, many students secure positions with physicians or hospitals where they completed clinical rotations. The Mercy College of Ohio’s Master of Physician Assistant Studies (MPAS) is a 118-credit hour, cohort-based program designed to provide a graduate-level learning experience that produces PA graduates who can provide competent, patient-centered medical care for diverse populations in a variety of clinical settings while also embracing service, scholarship, and leadership. Examples of required documentation may include: National Practitioners Data Bank Report (NPDB) Tuition costs vary between $21,160 and $78,720. The Marietta College PA program has an overall 98.6% graduation rate which is above the national average of 94.8% (PAEA By the Numbers Program Report 32) and a 100% overall Physician Assistant National Certifying Examination (PANCE) pass rate. The AAPA 2019 salary report found that the median annual salary for a physician assistant in Ohio was $103,390 with the cost of living adjusted base salary of $115,931, ranking it the 3rd best in the country. Ohio Physician Assistant Programs for Licensure. 2018-2019 Admitted Applicant Demographics. All of which offer Master's Degrees, as is a requirement for Ohio PA licensure. UMU’s PA Program has been ranked as a top PA program in the country by U.S. News & World Report. This site will explain the pre-physician assistant program at Cleveland State University and what is to be expected at each phase. At one time there were PA programs through accredited Physician Assistant schools in Ohio offered certificates and associate degrees, as well as PA programs with a bachelor’s degree. Find and compare 2020 best PA (Physician Assistant) schools and programs nationally, by State and near you. The program’s accreditation history can be viewed on the ARC-PA website: http://www.arc-pa.org/accreditation-history-ohio-university/. (American Academy of Physician Assistants. The length of the program ranges between 24 and 36 months for classroom and clinical training. Students Applying to the M.S. Student membership in the Ohio Association of Physician Assistants (OAPA) and the American Academy of Physician Assistant (AAPA) is mandatory and provided by the PA program for two years. 275 Eastland RoadBerea, OH 44017440-826-8012paprogram@bw.edu, 10900 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, OH 44106216-368-0575 paprogram@case.edu, 3737 Southern BoulevardKettering, OH 45429397-395-8638PA@kc.edu, 391 W. Washington StreetPainesville, OH 44077444-375-7157admissions@lec.edu, 215 Fifth Street Marietta, OH 45750740-376-4458 dlc006@marietta.edu, 5701 Delhi Road Cincinnati, OH 45052513-244-4375paprogram@msj.edu, 1216 Sunbury Road Columbus, OH 43219614-251-4320 paprogram@ohiodominican.edu, 6805 Bobcat Way, Suite 112Dublin, OH 43016614-793-5619 PAinfo@ohio.edu, Fitz Hall 510300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469937-229-2900akidwell1@udayton.edu, 1000 North Main Street, PA Program Findlay, OH 45840419-434-4529paprogram@findlay.edu, 1972 Clark Ave. Alliance, OH 44601300-829-8955 admission@mountunion.edu, 3000 Arlington Avenue, MS 1027Toledo, OH 43614419-383-5408PhysicianAssistant@utoledo.edu, ©2020 OAPA \| Ohio Association of Physician Assistants, OAPA's Current Legislation and Past Accomplishments, Central Application Service for PAs (CASPA). in Physician Assistant Studies. Graduates currently work in numerous fields of medicine including primary care, internal medi… PA programs are typically 24-29 month master’s programs which culminate in awarding a Master of Science (M.S.) The UD Physician Assistant program strives to have all of its students successfully accomplish six goals in order for them to become highly functioning members of a healthcare team upon graduation. Over the past five years, UMU Students have scored an average of 9.77 out of … Where Do Siberian Cranes Migrate, Do Trees Communicate, Kant Transcendental Aesthetic Pdf, Alesis Melody 61 How To Use, Unified Infotech Share Price, Simple Water Boost Moisturiser, Easy Color By Number 1-5, Bird Watching Society, Air Conditioner Mold, ohio pa program 2020	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2739
__label__wiki	0.509292	0.509292	WEATHER, 0°C Jonathan Gatsby Releases New Epic Young Adult Fantasy Novel, The Beasts & the 4 Demigods Gatsby & Noel Publishing announces the release of Jonathan Gatsby’s epic Young Adult Fantasy novel, The Beasts & the 4 Demigods, which is receiving rave reviews from critics. “As a Harry Potter fan, this is the first book to match it,” one reviewer writes. The Beasts & the 4 Demigods is the first of the seven books in the series “The Wars Between Angels & Gods”. The book tells the story of fallen angels, who initiate a quest to win their freedom by fighting against the mightiest of beasts in a monumental tournament. Zeus, Oden, Thor, and Lucifer embark on their dangerous challenge yet. It is set in a universe where gods, angels, and demons from cultures and mythologies around the globe clash in one epic adventure. Jonathan Gatsby began conceptualizing the book when he envisioned an Olympian battle between the god Zeus and his son Hercules, a demigod. The tale evolved into something much more substantial and exciting. Gatsby is a remarkable man. Stemming from a challenging childhood, young Jonathan experienced many hardships. He grew up in a rough neighborhood and was surrounded by gang violence and crime. He found solace in reading fiction to escape from the harsh realities of life. After reading Harry Potter, Gatsby began writing his own fantasy series at just 17. He launched his own publishing company, Gatsby & Noel Publishing, to help aspiring writers publish their work and realize their dreams. He is also the author of Nationberg, Gatsby, & the Execution Camp: World War III. In The Beasts & the 4 Demigods, Gatsby brilliantly infuses mythology and religion creating an exhilarating narrative. The book contains stories of courage and friendship while simultaneously teaching the youth about their history, introducing them to the realms of Greek mythology, Norse mythology, the Bible, and many more. A movie adaption of the franchise is currently being presented to studio executives. Get your copy now and join the adventure of a lifetime. It is available everywhere books are sold. Order The Beasts & the 4 Demigods on Amazon. Company Name: Rachel Dares PR Contact Person: Rachel Dares Address:680 E. Colorado Blvd. #2044 City: Pasadena Website: www.RachelDaresPR.com © 2018 Copyright US and Canada Report. All Rights reserved.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2741
__label__cc	0.54696	0.45304	Filene Artists Filene Artist in Residence For Audiences Through its unique performance-based training program, Wolf Trap Opera has contributed to the career development of over 700 emerging singers. WTO alumni can be found working in every top opera house in the U.S., Europe, and beyond. Offstage, WTO has also provided over 300 fellows and apprentices with the skills needed to achieve significant careers in production, design, and administration. Wolf Trap Opera artists go on to have long and healthy careers on stage, and many of the leading singers of our time started out as a Wolf Trap Opera artists. Distinguished alumni include: Lawrence Brownlee, Christine Goerke, Eric Owens, Stephanie Blythe, Denyce Graves, Michelle DeYoung, Nathan Gunn, Alan Held and Dawn Upshaw. View a full list of alumni “A Wolf Trap Opera residency is an essential experience in the formative years of any young singer, and it is a gift to this next generation of leaders in the field.” Christine Goerke "The standard of singing at Wolf Trap reflects WTO’s high expectations of its young artists. These singers are ready to perform at the world’s large opera houses, and WTO gives them the support they need to start their careers." Simon O’Neill "Of all my training and early performing opportunities, no program or educational institution had a greater impact upon my career than did the two summers I spent with The Wolf Trap Opera Company. Wolf Trap gave me stable and strong training in performing, learning roles, acting, and simply ‘putting it all together’. I was able to perform leading roles with noted conductors, distinguished directors, and great colleagues—many of whom remain friends and fellow performers to this day. My career would never have got off the ground without my experience at Wolf Trap.” Alan Held "Wolf Trap’s Filene Artist residency is the most coveted summer program into which any aspiring young singer can be accepted." Eric Owens "I fondly remember my summers at Wolf Trap Opera as cherished and invaluable periods of growth and enrichment for me as a young artist. We were given opportunities to truly test and challenge our limits as young singers emerging into the professional world." Kate Lindsey BLOG & MORE A deeper dive for artists and fans “Wolf Trap Opera has been, and continues to be, an essential element in the training of young opera singers in this country.” —Lenore Rosenberg, The Metropolitan Opera There are close to 1,000 Wolf Trap Opera alumni—singers, fellows, and interns. Each year, 100+ Wolf Trap Opera alumni can be found on the rosters of the top 10 US opera houses. More than 100 have performed at top houses in Paris, Milan, Vienna, Berlin, and London. More than 200 have received an award from the top 5 competitions in the industry. Alumni have appeared with virtually every major orchestra in the world, including the New York Philharmonic, Royal Philharmonic, Chicago Symphony, San Francisco Symphony, Concertgebouw Orchestra, Los Angeles Philharmonic, and Vienna Philharmonic.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2745
__label__wiki	0.914776	0.914776	Wolf Isaac Blitzer is a television news anchor and a journalist from America. He is a lead political anchor of CNN and has been reporting, since 1990. He provides his viewers with international and breaking news stories, related to politics. Blitzer anchors the show, The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer and in addition, anchors a show named, Wolf which focuses on the important news around the world. Kaity Tong Kaity Tong is a Chinese-American beautiful broadcaster. She was born on the 23rd day of July in the year 1950 in a place called Qingdao in China. When she was four years old, her family moved to the United States of America. David Letterman is a comedian and talk show host. His cynical sense of humor and style makes people love his late night shows. Tim Matheson was born on 31st December 1947 in California He is a famous actor producer and director in US He started his career at the age of 13 years He was seen in the role of Roddy Miller in the TV series Window on Main Street Deidre Hall Deidre Hall is an actress and model She came into a prominence after her role in a TV series The Young and the Restless Her second famous role was in a soap opera Days of Our Lives where she portrayed Dr Marlena Evans Stephen Collins is famous for his role in 7th Heaven and also for role in Star Trek The Motion Picture He works in TV films wrote songs novels and plays guitar He is recently separated from his wife Faye Grant He is under investigation for molestation charges and has accepted these charges Carlos Santana is a highly eminent musician who is the headliner of his band titled Santana He is known for his innovative brand of music that carries both Latin American and rock influences Don Felder is an American musician best known for his presence in the classic rock group The Eagles He has been a part of this legendary band from 1974 to 2001 where he has contributed as a lead guitarist James Keach James Keach is a popular American actor who is often seen in movies and TV shows He has appeared in over 60 different movies and shows He is also a regular on several made for TV movies Born on May 10, 1947, in Philadelphia situated in Pennsylvania, United States of America, Marion Ramsey spent most of her childhood days growing up in Philadelphia. Not much is known about her childhood and parents. There is no information available about her school or the college she graduated from. Her height is believed to be 5 feet, and 1 inch and she is said to be belonging to black ethnicity. She is said to have a very straightforward attitude and is said to be a humble person. Keith Morrison Keith is a famous broadcast journalist in Canada. He is active since 1966 and as of now his career lifetime is 40 years. At present he is working with NBC Judith Miller is a famous journalist and writer She was born on 2nd January 1984 Her father Bill Miller was a Jewish who used to run nightclubs in New Jersey and Las Vegas Nigel Neill now professionally known as Sam Neill born in Omagh Co Tyrone Northern Ireland is a New Zealand actor who first appeared in leading roles in the film Omen III The Final Conflict and Dead Calm Anthony Geary Anthony Geary is a former actor in America He was born in the year 1947 and his parents are Dana and Rusell Dean Geary He attended University of Utah He has a net worth of 9 million dollars	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2749
__label__cc	0.532134	0.467866	Archives: Team Members Team Member entries for the ebor Theme. Sarah Bowman Bowman Design is Catalyst Communications’ design partner. Sarah Bowman creates unique and compelling corporate identities and results-driven marketing pieces for start-ups to Fortune 500 companies. In addition to completing her B.F.A. in Graphic Design with honors, Sarah has received her Master’s Degree in Organizational Communication. Wendy Erikson Experienced news anchor Wendy Erikson is our broadcast performance trainer and a producer on our video team. Wendy has spent more than two decades in front of the camera, most recently as host of the magazine program Show Me St. Louis on St. Louis’ NBC affiliate, KSDK-TV. Wendy helps our clients who are doing broadcast TV segments to promote their companies and products through one-on-one prep sessions where she helps them develop on-air performance skills and improve wardrobe and make-up. Mistie Thompson Mistie Thompson is our Social Media Partner. In her ten years at St. Louis-based reputation management firm Standing Partnership, Mistie provided strategic communications program development; video concepting, writing and directing; crisis communications counsel; professional writing services; and was one of the first at Standing to understand and develop social media communications strategy to clients from a variety of industries, including TWA/American Airlines, Ranken Jordan Pediatric Specialty Hospital, Monsanto, the St. Louis Economic Council, the Saint Louis Zoo, and the Charlottesville-Albemarle (Va.) Airport. Mistie owns Sweet Tea Communications and her current clients include recyclable waste stream management company ecoVerus, consulting and engineering firm Faith Group LLC, and residential home builder Payne Family Homes. She also is a longtime active blogger at My Heart’s In Dixie and is the administrator for the fledgling Missouri Women Bloggers, part of The Women Bloggers network serving as the link between powerful bloggers and top regional brands in a number of Southern and Midwestern states. Chris Cross is our Director of Photography. With content generation often the key these days to successful marketing and PR campaigns, Catalyst expanded in 2014 to include video production and added Chris to our team. Since that time Chris has produced beautiful still images and impactful video content for clients such as Wexford Science & Technology (developers of @4240 in St. Louis’ Cortex District), Payne Family Homes, Baby Lock Sewing Machines, and Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Select Properties. Chris is a 20-year veteran of the television news business, having most recently worked as a videographer at St. Louis’ NBC affiliate KSDK. He is an Emmy and National Press Photographers Association award winning videographer. He also often sits in on our media training sessions, adding his perspective as a veteran TV news journalist. Julia Bishop-Cross Julia Bishop-Cross, President, had a ten-year career in television news before joining the airline PR industry in the late ‘90s, first at TWA and then American Airlines. After six years in the airline business and before launching Catalyst, Julia represented a wide variety of clients as a vice president and team leader at a boutique PR firm specializing in lifestyle, luxury and culture. There she led a team that developed and executed integrated marketing campaigns, grand openings, promotions and product launches for The Blanche M. Touhill Performing Arts Center, The Container Store, Build-A-Bear Workshop, The Crescent in Clayton, Saint Louis Science Center, and the Saint Louis Zoo, among many others. Julia is most proud of promoting the installation of the Animals Always sculpture at the Saint Louis Zoo, launching Build-A-Bear Workshop’s flagship store on New York City’s Fifth Avenue, promoting the most successful Container Store opening in the company’s history at that time, launching Dot Foods’ tenth distribution center in Dyersburg, Tennessee, and helping Wexford Science + Technology successfully launch and fully lease their first St. Louis development. Julia’s core competencies are events and media relations, especially engaging TV media, as well as crisis communications and video production.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2752
__label__cc	0.569217	0.430783	(COMING TO GET ME) My brother Jamie was six when I moved in with the Iveys, but I hadn't seen him since he was a baby. He was adopted almost immediately, and I didn't suppose I'd ever see him again. When we first went into care, I used to ask about him all the time, but now I'd sort of got used to not having him around. I still thought about him, though. Living with a baby again was weird. Mostly, I liked Maisy. I liked how happy she was. I liked how you just had to say, “Hey, Maisy-face!” or play Peepo! or something with her and she'd start giggling like crazy. I liked how when I came into the room she'd lift up her arms, and you'd know that if she could talk, she'd be saying “Up!” I'd pick her up and carry her around. She'd look happy for about two seconds and then she'd hold out her arms to Daniel, as if to say, I am the Queen of the Universe and you are all my slaves . I liked that. I liked that she was so sure people would do what she told them to, and I liked that, actually, people usually did. What I didn't like was the way she made me feel when she cried. She didn't cry loads, but when she did she really went at it. She'd screw up her face and howl and howl and howl. I hated it right from the start. It made me feel small and scared and full of worry. Like something bad was going to happen and I didn't know what. Maisy crying wasn't something I could do much about. At first, I used to shout, “Stop it! Stop it!” but that just made her cry louder and Grace would start swearing at me. Then I used to run out of the room with my hands over my ears, but that meant I was on my own, which made things . When you're small and scared and full of worry, you want to be with people. Jim tried talking to me. “She's only a baby, Olivia. She's happy again nowÂ â why don't we go in and see?” And, most of the time, he was right. Maisy went from “The worst thing ever in the universe just happened to me and everything is over!” to “Oh, look, a crayon,” in about five seconds. But I'd still be freaked out. One afternoon, Daniel and I were watching in the living room. Grace was playing with Maisy, building a house out of her A Level files, while Maisy pulled it down. Grace had balanced Psychology on top of Economics and History. Maisy tugged at History and the whole thing came crashing down on top of her. She fell backwards and started howling. “Make her shut up!” I yelled. Grace picked up Maisy and started joggling her up and down, but Maisy screwed up her face and wouldn't stop. “Make him stop that right now!” someone yells in my head . It's my mum. Jamie's crying, and I can't make him stop. I'm going to get in trouble. I hold him like Grace holds Maisy, but he's heavy, because I'm only five, and little. Why does he have to keep screaming like that? Doesn't he know it's me my mum will be angry with? I could feel the weight of Jamie in my arms. I could smell wet baby, and spilled cider, and my mum's cigarettes. I knew I was in Jim's living room, but for a moment it was like five-year-old Olivia had come to live in eleven-year-old Olivia's body, and because she was angrier and more afraid than me, she sort of took over. I wanted to cry and I wanted to hit something, and I wanted someoneÂ â LizÂ â to hold me and tell me I was safe. JamieÂ â no, MaisyÂ â was still howling. Daniel was watching like nothing had happened. I sat there on the floor with my arms round my legs, struggling to come back to myself, and then it happened. I felt a sudden rush of hatred and evil. It felt like something had smacked me in the face, except instead of actually smacking me, it had slammed all this concentrated hatred straight at me. I knew who it was, of course. It was her. Amelia Dyer. Amelia Dyer, telling me how much she hated me. I hunched myself into as small a ball as I could, and buried my face into my knees, and wished and wished and wished that she'd go away. Wishes are for losers. They never come true. HOME NUMBER 11 LYNNE AND JOHN Before I lived with Graham and Annabel, I was with these foster parents called Lynne and John. Social Services moved me there after they finally noticed what my old foster mother Violet was doing to her foster kids. They were looking for someone to adopt me, but I knew they wouldn't find anyone. I didn't do very well with Lynne and John. I was pretty frightened after what had happened with Violet. I had nightmares. I wet the bed. All the things that happened with Violet got muddled in my head with the things that had happened with my mum. I started remembering scary things that had happened at my mum's house and I'd forgotten till nowÂ â like the time she held my hand against the electric hob until my skin cooked, or the time she made me eat rotten meat as a punishment for stealing food. I was very bad at Lynne and John's house, because I was very scared. I was scared they wouldn't give me enough to eat, and I was scared they'd hurt me when I was bad. I shouted all sorts of awful things at Lynne, and when they made me go to school, I did all I could to get sent home. When I got home, I used to run straight upstairs and hide in bed. John gave me this old radio that I used to take under the blankets with me so I could listen to the music on loud and try and forget about Mum, and Violet, and everything else in the world. Lynne and John were nice enough, I suppose. They didn't make me do chores, and they didn't care if I didn't do my homework, and they didn't get angry when I got scared. I'd be in a shopping centre or at the supermarket, somewhere normal, and all of a sudden I'd start to panic. I'd start breathing really fast, like I was drowning in air, and I'd think I was going to die. I'd get all filled up with fright, and I'd start to cry, and want to run away as fast as I could. John was very nice when that happened. He'd kneel down beside me and talk to me, saying, “It's OK, Olivia. I'm here. You're safe. It's OK.” Lynne and John didn't like me though. No one ever likes me. I heard Lynne talking on the phone about me. “There's nothing unexpected. It's justÂ .Â .Â . exhausting. She's such a needy kid. And some of the things she comes out with! Honestly, I could throttle that child's mother. Some people ought to be sterilized.” She was quiet while the person on the other end of the phone said something. “No, I know. I justÂ .Â .Â . she watches me all the time, like I'm about to start doing God knows what to her. Home should be somewhere safe, you know? Not somewhere where you have to hear about all the terrible things people do to children.” I didn't know what sterilized meant then, but I do now. It's something you do to people to stop them having children. What she meant was that my mum was evil, and she ought to have been sterilized, so she couldn't have kids who were evil like me. I didn't like living there after I heard that, but I wasn't happy when Lynne told me I was going to be adopted. I wanted a family, but I knew that this new one wouldn't keep me, so I didn't see the point of moving in with them, just to have it all fall to pieces again. EACH LITTLE BIRD THAT SINGS Daniel and Harriet had lots of family. Not just Jim and their mum (who lived in Brazil, and called them every fortnight and sent them funny postcards and Brazilian sweets, but never sent me anything, ever, which Jim said was fair enough because she'd never met me, but I thought was totally unfair. I thought Jim ought to have bought me presents to even things out, but he never did). They had grannies and grandads and aunties and uncles and first, second, third, fourth and fifth cousins once, twice and forty-seven times removed. I don't even have grandparents. Or if I do I've never seen them. They never came to visit me once all the time I was in foster care. I have a mum (but I don't know where she is) and Hayley (who I never get to see because her mum and dad hate me) and Jamie (but I don't know where he lives or if he's still called Jamie or Maybe somewhere I've got family; aunts and uncles and grandparents and maybe even a dad. I had a dad once, but my mum says he was a useless lump. Maybe he wasn't so bad, though. If he met me, maybe he'd love me, the way other people's dads love them. Maybe all my family would love me. Maybe they've just been busy for the last five yearsÂ â being abroad or something, and no one told them about usÂ â and maybe one day they'll call up Social Services and adopt me and I'll have a real family, like Daniel and Harriet. Anyway, this Saturday I wasn't going to see Liz, because I was going to Daniel and Harriet's Auntie Abigail's wedding. Harriet was a bridesmaid in a pink dress with lots of lace, but I wasn't even a ring-bearer. I didn't want to go . I knew it would be dreadful. I moaned and wailed and whined and whinged, but Jim wouldn't listen. “You're part of our family now, Olivia,” he said. “If I'm part of your family then how come not a bridesmaid?” I said. “Well. Yes. That's because this madness has been in production for nearly two years, the bridesmaids' dresses have been finished for half a year, and you've been a part of our family for three months.” “You could buy me a dress,” I said. “It's not hard, buying dresses. It takes an afternoon!” “I'm sorry, Olivia,” said Jim. “If I was getting married, you could be bridesmaid.” Huh. It was totally unfair. Particularly because Grace didn't even have to go. She and Maisy were going to some stupid university open day in London. wanted to go to a university open day?” I said. “If you've been given a conditional offer from the London School of Economics and forgotten to tell me about it, then, yes,” said Jim. “Otherwise no.” Harriet was all squeaky about being a bridesmaid. For the whole week before the wedding she kept blabbing on about hair slides, and make-up, and wedding rehearsals, and jewellery, and all sorts of stupid stuff. It made me want to cut her bridesmaid's dress into tiny little pieces and set them on fire. I would have done too, but the dress was at Auntie Abigail's house. “Who cares about being a stupid bridesmaid?” I told Harriet. “You're just going to look fat and ugly in a stupid pink dress. Bridesmaids always look like losers, they're supposed to, to make the bride look better.” Harriet's lip started quivering. She glanced at me, and then at Daniel. Daniel sighed. “That's a bit harsh, Olivia,” he said. harsh! It's the ! Sheâ” “All right.” Jim appeared out of nowhere and grabbed my arm. “Come here, Olivia.” And then I had to sit through yet another long talk about jealousy, and Harriet, and being nice, and then help Jim chop up gazillions of carrots for dinner. I was in a horrible mood on the day of the wedding. Auntie Abigail and Uncle David were adventure capitalists in London. I wasn't exactly sure what adventure capitalists did. Probably they went on adventures and captured pirate ships and dug up buried treasure from Amazonian rainforests. It was definitely something like that, because they were both stinking rich. The wedding was going to be well posh. Daniel had a grown-up-looking green shirt. Jim had a suit. I had a red dress which Grumpy Annabel had bought me, and which looked like it had been made for a seven-year-old (it had). It only still fitted because I'm so little. I'm smaller than Harriet, and she's nearly three years younger than I am. I don't care. I get loads of good stuff from looking little. The first thing I did when I got into the car was spill Coke accidentally-on-purpose down my dress. I screamed at Jim to take me back home and let me put something else on, but he just kept driving. I screamed and screamed, but he wouldn't stop. We dropped Harriet off at her granny's house to have her hair done with Auntie Abigail and the other bridesmaids. Daniel and Harriet's granny came out to the car to see us. “How lovely! You're here! Do you want to come and have a cup of tea?” “Not a good idea,” said Jim, glancing at me. I put on my best talking-to-strangers face. I'd like a cup of tea. I'm excited about the wedding. Can I come and see the bridesmaids' dresses? , Granny.” “I don't see why notâ” Granny began, but Jim shook his head. “I'm a cruel and unusual father,” he said. “And the answer's no. Give me a kiss, Harriet, pet, and we'll see you at the church.” The wedding didn't start until two, so Jim took Daniel and me to the park. We played cricket, and football, and we took our skateboards on the skateboard ramps and Jim let us play on them for ages, even in our fancy wedding clothes. I got mud streaks all the way up my legs to go with my Coke stains, but Jim didn't care. I would have stayed in the park all day, but finally he said we had to go and have lunch. I may have kicked and fought a bit then, but only because I was having such a good time, just me and Daniel and Jim. We had sausage and chips at the park cafÃ©. And then it was time for the wedding. Daniel had been to lots of weddings, and he told me they were always hideous. “Weddings are just grown-ups droning on and people reading naff poetry about love,” he said. “And photographs. And you have to tell the bride she looks pretty even if she looks like a whale with lacy bits.” “Can't Daniel and I play on our skateboards out here?” I said. Daniel looked hopeful, but Jim was firm. “In! And if you want any cakeÂ â behave!” The wedding was even more boring than I'd thought it would be. We had to sit for ages waiting. Then Auntie Abigail came down the aisle and everyone went, . I don't know why. Auntie Abigail was fat and ugly, and her wedding dress was too small, so there was this roll of fat spilling out of her top. Harriet's bridesmaid dress was pink and frothy and stupid. Someone read a poem, and then they started singing a hymn. I kicked along to it on the back of the pew in front of us. This old man turned round and gave me an evil look. I stuck my tongue out, and he looked horrified. Ha! Daniel looked as bored as I did. I nudged him. “Want to play thumb war?” Daniel glanced at Jim, who was wearing his I'm-going-to-pretend-I-can't-see-you-and-hope-you-go-away face. “Sure,” he said. We played four games of thumb war, which started out quiet-ish, and ended with Daniel twisting my arm so hard that I fell off my seat and knocked the hymn books off the shelf and on to the floor. Several people in big hats turned round and said, “ ” very loudly. shhh !” I said indignantly. “Your ing is just as loud as Daniel and me! How can people hear what's going on when you're all going “OK, OK,” said Jim. He put his hand on my arm. “Calm down, Olivia.” Huh. I crossed my arms and slid down my seat until my bum was nearly hanging off the edge. Daniel saw what I was doing and copied me. I slid out further. So did Daniel. Now I was only clinging on with my elbows. Daniel pushed himself out even further and landed on the floor with a “Kids!” said Jim. “Behave!” “It was Daniel!” I squealed. “Can we all riseâ” said the bloke in the dress at the front of the church. All around us people were getting to their feet and fumbling in their hymn books. “It's a song!” I said. “We like songs, don't we, Daniel? What song is it?” It was “The Battle Hymn of the Republic”. Daniel looked at me and I looked at him. We both giggled. I knew “The Battle Hymn of the Republic”. Daniel knew it too because we sang it at school, and the boys had a silly version they sang in the playground. I could see Daniel was thinking the same thing as me, because as the organ starting ing and the people started singing, we both opened our mouths and sang: Mine eyes have seen the glory, Of the burning of the school. We have tortured every teacher, We have broken every rule. We have marched down to the headmaster, To tell him he's a fool. The school is burning do-o-own. People turned round to look. Jim grabbed our elbows and marched us out into the porch. “What did I tell you?” he said. “What did ?” I said. “You should have let us stay out here and play skateboards!” “You are going to sit there,” said Jim, pointing to a bench. “And you are going to We sat down. We both of us still wanted to giggle. Jim sat on the bench opposite. He gave us a stern look. We sat in silence for a whole almost-ten-seconds. Then Daniel started to hum. I joined in. Jim looked away. He was trying not to laugh. Inside the church, the wedding people were all still singing. We opened our mouths and we all sang together: Glory, glory, hallelujah. Teacher hit me with a ruler. So I hit her in the belly, And she wobbled like a jelly, And she ain't gonna teach no more no mo-o-ore I loved it. Me and Daniel and Jim, all being silly together. A Fairly Honourable Defeat by Iris Murdoch The Duke Who Knew Too Much by Grace Callaway What Chris Wants by Lori Foster Revive (Storm MC #3) by Nina Levine Have Mercy by Caitlyn Willows Songs & Swords 1 by Cunningham, Elaine Forget Me Not (Phased Moonlight Series Book 2) by Kasey Thompson Shadow Wolf by Jenna Kernan Fire on the Mountain by Edward Abbey Home Sweet Home: A Sweet, Texas Novella by Candis Terry	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2754
__label__wiki	0.587256	0.587256	An electrifying performer blurring the line between Musician and DJ A producer, composer, and one-man synthesizer attack squad, Solovox is the sound of Earl Carlton Tietze III. He combines his original compositions of nasty future-funk, electro-house, and melodic downtempo with his remixes of other artists’ tracks to create a sound that is his and his alone…and he does it live, by hand. His keyboard chops remind one of Herbie Hancock smashing head-on into the Chemical Brothers. Mayhem usually ensues, and he consistently delivers one of the finest live electronic shows available anywhere. He has remixed three tracks for Vokab Kompany including ‘Shine’ featuring Souleye, ‘Gunslinger‘ for their album ‘Quit Sleep,’ and ‘Let It Fly’ featuring The Grouch and Souleye. He has done full video game sound design and composition, as well as tracks for Burn Notice and A&E’s Biography. He is a sought-after instructor for Ableton Live, Reason, Cubase and electronic music production. In July of 2009 he became the first-ever all-electronic act in the history of The Oregon Country Fair for their 40th Anniversary. He also headlined San Diego’s Elysium Festival, Mexico’s Fuente Eterno festival, Nexus in Los Angeles, and almost killed 2,000 revelers on top of the Hawthorne Bridge in 2010 for BridgeFest, causing the bridge to sway 2 feet up and down. He has shared the bill with Orbital, Bassnectar, Beats Antique, Ott, Tipper, and countless others. In 2012 he was a featured performer at Inspire:Truth, Threshold, WhiteOut, and the inaugural What The Festival in Oregon. In October 2012 he was featured on OPB’s ‘Oregon Art Beat.’ In 2013 he performed in Southern California, Idaho’s Sun Valley, as well as numerous shows in the Northwest at festivals like Human Nature and What The Festival. 2014 saw the release of his CD ‘Daring Feats Of Leisure,’ highlighting the best moments from his Friday Afternoon Concerts…a live podcast most Fridays at 3pm (Pacific) where he improvises and performs live from his studio to an online audience. Whether improvising heavily with a downtempo acid jazz set or laying down dance tracks for the dancing crowds, Solovox is not a DJ…he is one of the most exciting electronic performers to be found anywhere. One thought on “BIO” Loved seeing Solovox at The Howl 2015 in Portland….I felt one in a million to be able to get up on the stage while he rocked the house!	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2759
__label__wiki	0.70815	0.70815	WHO IS ENCROACHING WHOSE JURISDICTION, PARLIAMENT OR COURTS? 16-Dec-2019 Speeches At first, it was the importation from India of the principle of basic structure of the constitution. It was done by one judge in a case where the principle was not at all relevant for the decision of the case. Yet he took the opportunity to introduce it, ignoring two earlier Federal Court judgments which had stood as the law of this country for over thirty years. In subsequent cases, the younger judges who appeared to be unaware of the three decades old judgments of the Federal Court or whose research officers did not come across the judgments in their “research” and therefore did not bring them to the judges’ attention, merely followed (or was it the research officers who drafted the judgment?) the obiter and turned the principle invented by the Indian Supreme Court into the law of this country. In so doing, the court had usurped the power of Parliament to make law. Nowhere in the Federal Constitution does it say that certain parts of the Constitution cannot be amended. On the other hand, Article 159 very clearly states that Parliament may amend the Constitution provided the procedure for the amendment of the particular part is followed e.g. by a two-thirds majority or a two-thirds majority plus the consent of the Conference of Rulers. The power to amend the Constitution is vested in the Parliament, not the court. Yet, by adopting the principle of the basic structure of the constitution from the judgment of the Indian Supreme Court, our judges gave themselves the power to effectively amend the Constitution by deciding that Parliament has no power to amend any part of the Constitution which they will decide, on a case by case basis, that it cannot be amended. In other words, the judges gave themselves the power to strike down any amendment by Parliament of any part of the Constitution which they say forms parts of the basic structure the Constitution and therefore cannot be amended. The effect is that the judges had themselves amended the Constitution to give themselves the power to decide that certain parts of the Constitution cannot be amended, when the power to amend the Constitution is vested in the Parliament and the Constitution itself allows any part of the Constitution to be amended by Parliament, provided that the procedure is followed. On appointment, judges took the oath to uphold the Constitution. Yet, they discarded the clear provision of the Constitution and adopted the judgment of the Indian Supreme Court which had been rejected by two judgments of our Federal Court and had stood as law of this country for over thirty years, to decide contrary to the constitutional provision. It is their judgment which is unconstitutional. It is they who had encroached the jurisdiction of Parliament, not vice versa. Judges talked about separation of powers in their judgments. Yet, they breached that principle to usurp the function of the Parliament to amend the Constitution under the pretext of interpretation. Where do they get the power from? Answer: The Indian Supreme Court! For in depth discussion of this issue please read: Not For Judges To Rewrite The Constitution (12 06 2017); No Judge Is a Parliament (30 03 2018); Open letter to all Members of Parliament, Re: Federal Court Has Encroached The Jurisdiction of Parliament (26 07 2019), all are available on http://www.tunabdulhamid.my and https://tunabdulhamid.me Now we come to the issue of bail which is the subject matter of the press release by the Attorney General on 13th December 2019. (As I am unable to get a copy of the High Court judgment, in fact I was told that no grounds of judgment had been issued yet, I am relying on the Attorney General’s press release in writing this article.) The case involves12 suspects linked to the terrorist group known as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (“LTTE”). They were charged under Section 130J of the Penal Code for giving support to LTTE through social media to promote the group to the public, as well as under Section 130JB of the Penal Code for having possession of items related to LTTE. Sections 130 and 130J(b) of the Penal Code, under which all of them have been charged, are offences to which the Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2012 (“SOSMA”) apply. Section 13 of SOSMA prohibits the granting of bail from the time of arrest until trial, indeed, even after an acquittal by the trial court pending appeal by prosecution to the apex court. They challenged the validity of section 13. The High Court allowed their application. In explaining why he did not intend to appeal against the judgment, the Attorney General issued a press release. In the press release, he noted that, “Justice Nazlan in the High Court recognized the principles in the basic structure doctrine and developed in the Indira Gandhi and Semenyih Jaya cases when holding Section 13 of the SOSMA Act as unconstitutional because that section closes the door to judicial application for bail. Thus, access to justice is denied to all accused under SOSMA between charge and their final appeal before the Federal Court….” Before proceeding any further, let it be clear that I am not saying that Section 13 is good or bad law and whether it should be repealed or not. I am only addressing the issue regarding whose jurisdiction it is to make, amend or repeal the law. It was the Government of the day then that decided to have that law and caused it to be passed by Parliament. Of course, it was the Attorney General then who drafted the law and advised the Government of its legality. If there is a change of government and the new government is of the view that that is not a good law to have, then the new Government should decide whether to repeal or amend it. Again, it is the Attorney General who advises the Government on the legal aspect and draft the bill. It is the function of the Parliament to amend or repeal the law. That is completely within of the jurisdiction of the Parliament to do, not the Court. Of course, the Court may declare a law unconstitutional. However, that is purely a legal matter, if it contravenes the Constitution, not because the new Government, the new Attorney General and the social activists, do not like it. The Court should be neutral, it should decide according to the law for the time being in force even if nobody likes its decision. Then, it up to the Government of the day to instruct the Attorney General to draft a bill to be passed by Parliament to amend the law. If the Attorney General himself is of the opinion that a particular law should be made, amended or repealed, he could prepare a bill and convince the Government to have the Parliament to enact it. That is the system. That is how separation of powers operates. It does not sanction the court to usurp the function of Parliament to effectively amend the law (or the Constitution) through a declaration, just because it is the popular view. Whether the validity of a declaration that a law is constitutional or not depends on the ground relied on by the judge. If the judge can show that the law contravenes the Constitution, well and good. Here, from the press statement of the Attorney General, it appears that Justice Nazlan recognised the basic structure principle and held that section 13 of SOSMA was unconstitutional because that section closes the door to judicial application for bail. I do not see how the basic structure principle is of any relevance to the decision of the issue. That principle is relevant if the constitutionality of a law passed by Parliament seeking to amend a provision of the Constitution, is challenged. Then, applying that principle, the judge may rule that the provision sought to be amended forms part of the basic structure of the Constitution and, therefore, cannot be amended. Here, what is being challenged is section 13 of SOSMA, a federal law, not the Constitution. All that the judge need to show is that that provision contravenes a particular provision of the Constitution. If so, it is unconstitutional. It is not shown which provision of the Constitution the law contravened. The only reason given was “because that section closes the door to judicial application for bail.” “…the court’s power to hear and determine bail applications is altogether removed. The issue is whether such removal affects “judicial power”, which under the Federal Constitution, vests solely and exclusively in the Judiciary, as the third branch of government. “6. What the drafters of SOSMA and the 2012 Parliament that enacted the law did not take into account was that the judicial function of the Courts is eroded by virtue of Section 13. Consequently, judicial power is undermined.” That is what the press release says. Allow me to pause here and state some basic principles: First, the court is a court of law. Its function is to decide cases in accordance with the law for the time being in force. It is not for judges to decide cases according to the judges’, the current Government’s, the Attorney General’s or the NGOs’ idea of justice or what he or they like the law to be. Secondly, courts were established by law (including the Constitution). Besides what is specifically provided for by the Constitution, courts obtain their jurisdictions from federal law. Judges cannot create jurisdiction for themselves. That is a matter for the Parliament to provide. Article 121(1), inter alia, provides “…and the High Courts and inferior courts shall have such jurisdiction and powers as may be conferred by or under federal law.” Article 121 (1B), inter alia, provides, “… and the Court of Appeal shall have the following jurisdiction, that is to say— (a) jurisdiction to determine appeals from decisions of a High Court or a judge thereof (except decisions of a High Court given by a registrar or other officer of the Court and appealable under federal law to a judge of the Court); and (b) such other jurisdiction as may be conferred by or under federal law. “ Article 121(2), inter alia, provides “…and the Federal Court shall have the following jurisdiction, that is to say— (a) jurisdiction to determine appeals from decisions of the Court of Appeal, of the High Court or a judge thereof; (b) such original or consultative jurisdiction as is specified in Articles 128 and 130; and (c) such other jurisdiction as may be conferred by or under federal law.” In other words, besides what is provided for in the Constitution, judges must look to the federal law to determine whether they have jurisdiction on a matter or not. Examples of what is provided by the Constitution are as reproduced above in respect of the Federal Court and the Court of Appeal. In this case, the learned Judge appears to rely on the principle of separation of powers that it is the court that decides whether bail should be granted or not and since that power is removed from the court, that law is unconstitutional. In the first place, bail and the types of offences bail may be given or not by the courts, are provided by federal law. The courts obtain their jurisdiction regarding bail from federal law, in particular, the Criminal Procedure Code. How then could it be argued that by removing the courts’ power to hear and determine bail applications in respect of a particular type of offences, Parliament has encroached on the jurisdiction of the courts? It was Parliament that gave that jurisdiction and power to the courts. The reality is, judges are relying on the phrase “judicial power” which had been repealed from Article 121 and extending its meaning to give themselves jurisdiction to encroach onto the jurisdiction of Parliament. (Again, please take note that as early as 8th October 2018, I had written an article “Please Return ‘Judicial Powers’ To The Courts”. It is available on my websites. Who else has done the same? Unfortunately, no one listens. In any event, the phrase will not give judges power to usurp the jurisdiction of Parliament.) So, while the honourable Members of Parliament are engaged in hurling expletives towards each other, the judges are encroaching the jurisdiction of Parliament, supported by the Attorney General who, in turn, is cheered by human rights’ bodies who are only concerned with the result but not the legal reasoning. That is what is happening which Members of Parliament do not seem to realise or to care about. Note: Amended at 2.30 pm 16 December 2019.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2766
__label__cc	0.664429	0.335571	Delphi Schools: Revitalizing Education "Through Their Eyes" Applied Scholastics boarding school students. Delphian School students talk openly about attending boarding school and why Delphian was the right choice for them. This video was shot and edited by students and alumni of the Delphian School. Visit the Delphian School site Sun, 03/02/2014 - 23:02 By Sachil Proficiency-based teaching: Incorporating competence into the curriculum sets a whole new standard Delphi Schools began as the dream of a small group of educators in the early 1970s to build a new kind of learning environment. Photo right: The Delphian School, located near Sheridan, Oregon on 800 acres in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon, is a boarding and day school campus of 270 students from kindergarten through high school. It also serves as an educational training facility for Delphi Schools. Students receive individualized study programs and follow carefully laid out checksheets. A student must demonstrate competence at each major step before continuing on to the next. The nine Delphi schools are located in Clearwater, Florida, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Santa Monica, Lake View, Campbell and the flagship center in Sheridan, Oregon. Delphi students become self-directed learners by the age of 12 and thereafter proceed on supervised independent study and projects that involve the application of their learning. Delphian students are given highly personal attention from instructors, an individual academic program and a focus on demonstrated competence rather than memorization of facts or time spent in class. Students learn to not only understand what they study, but also to become competent in the use of logic and reason. Delphi students actively apply the educational breakthroughs developed by author and humanitarian L. Ron Hubbard, such as the principles of the three barriers to study to every subject they tackle. Photo right: This graph shows the combined California Achievement Test scores for all seven Delphi schools for 2009. By 9th grade students are achieving at the highest level attainable on the test, a 13.0 grade equivalent. For more information, visit: Delphian School Get involved and help create a better future for our children & communities By starting an ABLE activity utilizing L. Ron Hubbard's social betterment methodologies, such as a The Way to Happiness Group, Criminon Center, Narconon Drug Education or Rehabilitation Center or Applied Scholastics Tutoring Center or School.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2775
__label__cc	0.745312	0.254688	ST1 : Tour de Suisse :: Baar - Baar (6.4 km - ITT) “The sensations are good - said Lars Boom at the end of the prologue that opened the 80th edition of the Tour de Suisse - shame about the wet road that made me lose a bit of power and speed". "Tomorrow's stage is well designed - he continued - for those who want to attack. I will give my best to try. " "It was a quick time trial - said sport director Dmitri Sedoun - and with the final uphill, which ended up being decisive. The proof of the boys was discreet; it was a pity that someone has raced on a wet track. " "Our two climbers - Michele Scarponi and Miguel Angel Lopez Moreno - have gone as planned and we are satisfied with their race. Both arrived together with the favorites for the final victory." Tomorrow's second stage with a circuit to be repeated 4 times that winds around the town of Baar for a total of almost 190 km. The route is nervous and with some uphill path which suits the finisseur.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2781
__label__wiki	0.919091	0.919091	Home/Gay News From Around The Globe/Supreme Court Set to Decide If The 1964 Civil Rights Act Applies to LGBT Workers BREAKING NEWSFeaturedGay News Domestic & U.S. Politics Supreme Court Set to Decide If The 1964 Civil Rights Act Applies to LGBT Workers Will Kohler April 23, 2019 The Supreme Court announced on Monday that it would decide whether the Civil Rights Act of 1964 guarantees protections from workplace discrimination to gay, lesbian, bisexual and trans Americans. The three cases have been accepted by the court to be heard. One of them is Altitude Express Inc. v. Zarda, No. 17-1623: The New York case was brought by a skydiving instructor, Donald Zarda, who said he was fired because he was gay. His dismissal followed a complaint from a female customer who had voiced concerns about being tightly strapped to Mr. Zarda during a tandem dive. Mr. Zarda, hoping to reassure the customer, told her that he was “100 percent gay.” Mr. Zarda sued under Title VII and lost the initial rounds. He died in a 2014 skydiving accident, and his estate pursued his case. Last year, a divided 13-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit allowed the lawsuit to proceed. Writing for the majority, Chief Judge Robert A. Katzmann concluded that “sexual orientation discrimination is motivated, at least in part, by sex and is thus a subset of sex discrimination.” The arguments in the Second Circuit had a curious feature: Lawyers for the federal government appeared on both sides. One lawyer, representing the E.E.O.C., said Title VII barred discrimination against gay people. Another, representing the Trump administration, took the contrary view. The second case: Bostock v. Clayton County, Ga., No. 17-1618. was brought by a child welfare services coordinator who said he was fired for being gay. The 11th Circuit, in Atlanta, ruled against him in a short, unsigned opinion that cited a 1979 decision that had ruled that “discharge for homosexuality is not prohibited by Title VII.” The third case: R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, No. 18-107, concerns Aimee Stephens, who was fired from a Michigan funeral home after she announced in 2013 that she was a transgender woman and would start working in women’s clothing. Ms. Stephens had worked at the funeral home for six years. Two weeks after her announcement the funeral home’s owner, Thomas Rost, fired Ms. Stephens. Asked for the “specific reason that you terminated Stephens,” Mr. Rost said: “Well, because he was no longer going to represent himself as a man. The cases mark a pivotal moment in the fight for gay civil rights, but the current composition of the court with its two new Trump appointees ― Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch ― has many LGBT advocates and Americans worried. Currently, 30 states lack laws that explicitly prohibit discrimination in employment, housing and public accommodations on the basis of both sexual orientation or gender identity The three cases will be heard sometime in the fall of 2019. 1964 Civil Rights Act Donald Zarda Equality SCOTUS Supreme Court This Week In LGBT History May 5 – 11: Ancient Egypt, Nazis, Tyrone Power, Freud, DOMA, and Mark Bingham 51 MILLION YouTube Hits! – 2NE1 (New Generation) – I Am The Best (내가 제일 잘 나가) – Video Film Legend Tippi Hedren Speaks Out On Hitchcock, Weinstein and Sexual Harassment In Hollywood Republican Rep. James Inhofe Incensed That Gay Servicemen Marched In Uniforms At San Diego PRIDE 1 thought on “Supreme Court Set to Decide If The 1964 Civil Rights Act Applies to LGBT Workers” Pingback: SCOTUS Ethics Breach: Supreme Court Judges Alito and Kavanaugh Meet w/ Anti-LGBT Hate Group Leader Face It We Are Doomed: Jill Stein Withdraws Recount Effort In Pennsylvania	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2782
__label__cc	0.680411	0.319589	Op-Ed: The Economy and The Environment - Can They Coexist? By G. Robert M. Miller Jul 12, 2008 in Politics Canada's Harper government has been blasted by many for not taking aggressive action against climate change. However, the Canadian economy is largely upheld by the ultra-dirty tar-sands industry. Is there a way to balance the environment and the economy? If the Canadian government were a person, it would have both its hands full. In one, the feds have to protect and promote the internationally accepted image of Canada as a vast and green, environmentally forward nation. In the other, the Canadian government has to, quietly but effectively, ensure the economic stability of the nation, which in turn means protecting the dirty business of tar-sand oil production. But before we analyze the predicament that is trying to be both environmentally forward and pro-oil production, consider this. In 2007, according to the CIA, Canadian exports totaled $569.3 billion dollars, while Canadian imports totaled $555.2 billion; thereby resulting in a $14.1 billion dollar trade surplus at the end of 2007 - a crucial statistic that in turn allowed the feds to pay off some of the Canadian national debt. However, included in the $569.3 billion dollars are the profits derived from the 2.274 million barrels of oil that are exported each day. When we subtract the 1.185 million barrels of oil that are imported daily, Canada produces for export and profit roughly 1.089 million barrels of oil a day. And if the average price for one barrel of oil was a meager $125 per barrel (it is currently $147), those 1.089 million barrels of exported oil would translate into a $49.685 billion dollar a year input into the Canadian economy. In other words, Canadian oil production and exportation is the pivotal factor that determines whether the Canadian economy records a surplus or a deficit at the end of each year. The essential point is that oil production is crucial to the Canadian economy - it cannot be abandoned without facing severe economic repercussions. However, with each passing day more and more serious and unavoidable environmental problems are arising, all of which need to be addressed now, not at some undetermined point in the future. And Canada - long heralded as a champion of the environment, and host to one of the world's most effective multilateral environment achievements, the Montreal Accord - needs to be a leader in the cause for North, Central, and South American nations. With a land so vast, and an economy so strong (and so dependent on environmental stability), the protection and restoration of the environment should be of primary concern for the Canadian federal government. Without doubt, the fundamental reason that the Canadian government ought to champion environmental reforms is the strength of the Canadian economy. Given that so many nations - including Canada's neighbor to the south - are struggling to make ends meet, nations that are enjoying relative economic stability should be encouraged to introduce progressive and stringent environmental codes. And given that the strength of the Canadian economy rests on environmentally damaging industries such as tar-sand oil production, the case for Canadian action against climate change is two-fold. Yet in recent international meetings, Canada has been blasted for its lackluster attitude toward environmental goals. In late 2007, many critics - including opposition leader Stephane Dion and NDP leader Jack Layton - let loose scathing reports suggesting that the Canadian government was 'sabotaging' the climate change talks in Bali. And more recently, Prime Minister Stephen Harper has been criticized for rejecting emission-slashing proposals at the 2008 G8 summit. To an extent the federal position makes sense. As we can clearly see, the Canadian budget is largely propped up by oil exportation. But then again, considering that the oil exports create a surplus budget, should a large portion of those profits not go towards protecting and restoring the Canadian wilderness? More points to consider. Unlike conventional oil extraction, tar-sand oil production involves and extremely intensive, carbon heavy process. As reported by the Guardian, to produce one barrel of oil conventionally, roughly 30 kilograms of carbon is released into the atmosphere; however, to produce one barrel of tar-sand oil, nearly 120 kilograms of carbon is released. Moreover, the size and scale of the tar-sands operations are increasing quickly and drastically. Currently, tar sand oil production totals 1.3 million barrels of oil daily. Yet by 2011, thanks to investments made by many major oil companies - including Shell, Exxon, Chevron, and Total, to name a few - which combine to total in excess of $100 billion dollars, tar-sand oil production is set to increase to 3.5 million barrels a day. And that means more carbon emissions. So really, it is quite clear why the federal government of Canada refuses to sign international treaties which aim reduce carbon emissions; the Canadian economy is directly tied to the carbon intensive industry that is tar-sand oil production. But as the global problem of climate change (or more accurately, climate extremification) grows, more pressure will be put on the Canadian government to take meaningful action against it. And considering that Canada has a strong, healthy, and secure economy which is supported by an industry that so clearly strains and negatively impacts the environment, the feds ought to use some of the economies strength to ensure the environment is not only not damaged, but to ensure that it is restored and improved. It is time that the federal government of Canada realized that it can balance the two largest issues at hand; the economy and the environment. By protecting the lucrative tar-sands oil field industry, the capital needed to produce effective and powerful programs that can enable environmental restoration throughout the Great White North can be generated. However, this must be the primary goal of the operations - to promote environmental rehabilitation. Considering the strain put on nature in extracting tar-sand oil, the state of global climate change, and the massive profits generated from the industry, it only makes sense to use a share of the profits to remedy our ailing environment. What do you think? Should the feds protect the Albertan tar-sands? Should the environment be the primary focus of the Harper government, regardless of economics? Is the economy more important than the environment? This opinion article was written by an independent writer. The opinions and views expressed herein are those of the author and are not necessarily intended to reflect those of DigitalJournal.com More about Canada, Tar-sands, Oil, Economy, Harper canada tar-sands oil economy harper	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2787
__label__wiki	0.716998	0.716998	DocumentaryTube Top 7 Mysteriously Disappearing Civilizations Aleksandar Mishkov/ published 4 years ago Through the course of history, there have been civilizations that have mysteriously disappeared from the face of the Earth, and scientists are still trying to figure out how, when and why they disappeared It is only natural for some civilizations to disappear, for new ones can take their place. It is same with everything in life. A larva evolves into a butterfly, a baby evolves into a man or a woman, and new stars take the place of old ones. However, through the course of history, there have been civilizations that have mysteriously disappeared from the face of the Earth, and scientists are still trying to figure out how, when and why they disappeared. The Olmec society is among the first in history to populate the area between Mexico and North America. The remains of their cities can be seen in San Lorcenco, dating back to 1400 BC. The San Lorenco city was one of the most important for the Olmec civilization. The Olmec relied mostly on trade for their survival. Nowadays, they are considered one of the most technologically advanced civilizations of the era, and the founder of the Mexican culture. The theory about their disappearance goes that somewhere around 400 BC, the east part of the land the Olmec populated was extinct due to the ecological changes. Vulcan and lava activity was high in the area during the period. Their legacy is their artwork, especially the “colossal heads”. The civilization was defined by the artifacts. Until the mid-19th century, the Olmec civilization was unknown to the world, but it was then when a description about the civilization was published, and their artwork started flooding the Colombian art market for collectors. Nabatean Kingdom Descendants from the semitic culture, Nabateans populated the area in Jordan and Arabia around the sixth century before Christ. They are widely known as the builders of the city Petra, the city that was the capitol of their Kingdom. The Nabatean Kingdom was formed as a result of great location. Their cities were located in the middle of a complex trading net, and they used their location to trade silk, ivory, spices, jewelry, gemstones and sugar. Through their trade, the Nabateans influenced the Hellenic Greeks, the Romans, the Assyrians, and the Arabs. What is special about the Nabateans is that unlike in other societies of the time, there was no slavery in the Nabatean Kingdom. They disappeared in the fourth century before Christ, when they left Petra for unknown reasons. According to archaeological theories, their leaving of Petra was organized, which leads to the conclusion that they were not banished from the city by another civilization. One theory suggests that their trade routes were moved to the North, so the Nabateans could no longer survive. Nowadays, archaeologists study the Nabateans and their agricultural impact. The land that the Kingdom occupied was dry, and it was a wonder how they were able to grow fruits in a desert. One theory suggests that the Nabateans contoured an area of land into a shallow funnel, and then planted a single fruit tree in the middle so the water could collect in the funnel in rainy days. Aksumite Empire Aksumite Empire was the home of the Queen of Sheba according to some beliefs. The Empire that evolved in the first century of the new era, had Aksum as the capitol. The Empire excelled in trading, especially ivory and gold. The Aksumite Empire used the trade routes through the Red Sea to get to the Roman Empire and India. Thanks to the rich trade partners, the Empire was a wealthy one, and among the first to have coins. The civilization started as part of the Jewish culture, but in 324, their King was turned to Christianity. Some people believe that the 10 Commandments are placed somewhere in the area of the Aksumite Empire. According to a local legend, the Jewish Queen Gudit (Yodit), defeated the Aksumite Empire and burned their churches and books. The Empire is important in history for several achievements, including their own alphabet that was modified to include vowels. The population was also among the first in history to build giant Obelisks for their emperors. The most famous one is the Obelisk of Aksum. Mycanaeans The first Greeks to speak the Greek language, Mycanaeans were successors of the Minoan civilization, located on the island of Crete. The Mycanaeans united somewhere in 1600 BC at the south of Greece. They relied on attacking other cities to survive. In their time, the Mycanaeans attacked Athens, Knossos, and Thebes among others. Some of the greatest myths in Greek mythology and history come from Mycanaeans, including the legend of the king Agamemnon. According to the legend, Agamemnon took all Greek cities in a war against Trojans after his wife Helen was “kidnapped”. Mycanaeans were famous for their craft, especially in producing weapons and jewelry. There is no clear theory why they disappeared, but one of the most plausible one is that the war and clash between the rich and the poor became too bitter, and led to the disappearance of the civilization. Other theories suggest earthquakes as the reason, and disappearance of their trade routes. Trypillia The name suggests “three fields” in Slavic language, and is the perfect way to describe the civilization that lived in Russia, Romania and Ukraine. The city of Trypillia is now a village near Kiev, but during the Stone age, between 5500 and 2750 BC, they were at the top of their power. Some reports suggest that the civilization built the largest Neolithic village in Europe that could house 15,000 people. What makes them interesting for archaeologists nowadays is that they had a ritual of burning their cities after 60 or 80 years, and then rebuild them. The Trypillia culture was also one of the first where the dominant character was a female. In a matriarch society, women worked in agriculture, made tools and equipment, and sew clothes. The male population was responsible for hunting and taking care of domestic animals. The most plausible theory about their disappearance is the Kurgan hypothesis, stating that Turkish tribes conquered them. However, another theory suggests that climate changes led to one of the biggest droughts in Europe and the disappearance of Trypillia. Clovis Culture The Clovis culture is one of the oldest in the history, as it dates back to 10,000 years BC. The Clovis culture was located in central and North America, and they were among the first to hunt mammoths and buffaloes with their specific spears. The Clovis people are also considered among the first population of the New World and ancestors of Native Americans. The first theory regarding their disappearance states that the main reason was disappearance of flora and fauna, which led to fewer mammoths in the area for hunting and feeding. The first mentions of the Clovis culture appeared in 1920s and 1930s, when their stone tools were found in sites near New Mexico. Their stone tools are characterized by the distinctive Clovis points. The Harappan Civilization One of the first Bronze Age civilizations, the Harappan Civilization is also known as the Indus Valley Civilization. Their evolution dates back to 3300 BC. The thinking among historians and archaeologists is that the Harappan culture disappeared sometime in 1300 BC. Their civilization occupied Pakistan, and India. Harappans built more than 100 cities and villages, and they were one of the first civilizations to have a non-encrypted language. There are proofs for a government, but there are is no evidence of social classes, leading to the belief that there was no slavery. The Harappan Civilization focused on astrology and astronomy. The collapse of the civilization happened due to the disappearing of rivers in their region. But their legacy lived on because in the aftermath of the collapse, other cultures emerged in the region, and their influence to Indus Civilization still remains. History +2 Hitler Secret 1942 Voice Recording We’ve read so much about Hitler. And we’ve heard so much about him. But have we heard it from the source? This National Geographic documentary provides a new insight t... Operation Overlord & Neptune - D-Day documentary Both the code names Neptune and Overlord are for one single operation, and that is the Normandy Landings. The battle of Normandy lasted for two months, and it was a turning p... Environmental +1 Great Human Odyssey - Documentary 2016 No, this is not a documentary about Odyssey, the Ancient Greece hero. This is a documentary about the evolution of mankind. From Africa, to Asia, to the Pacific, to Europe,... Conspiracy +1 Nazi Temple of Doom The Chiemsee Cauldron, discovered in 2001 at the bottom of Lake Chiemsee in Bavaria is the focus of the Nazi Temple of Doom conspiracy. Decorated with figures, and with a dia... Top 7 Enlightening Latin phrases we use daily Latin is a dead language, nobody uses it in modern times. But there was a time when Latin was used to educate the masses 15 Facts about Zeus from Greek Mythology In Greek mythology, Zeus is sometimes portrayed as the rain god. Homer believed that the Gods live at Olympus, the highe... Buzludzha Monument – Abandoned UFO Cold War Monument The cost of the building process was 14,186,000 leva, which equals to $35 million in today’s rates. The monument was ... America’s First Ladies: Fun Facts you didn’t know The First Lady needs to be respectable, presentable, smart, intelligent, and so on. So far, America has had some great F...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2788
__label__wiki	0.872822	0.872822	Burke Filmmaker’s Work Will Help Others Zinn’s documentaries going to schools, hospitals and rehab centers. By Bonnie Hobbs Monica Zinn is just 21, but she’s already made two documentaries with the potential to change people’s lives for the better. And now, both have been selected for distribution to K-college schools, hospitals, clinics and rehabilitation programs in English-speaking countries worldwide. Photo Contributed Fairfax Academy grad Monica Zinn is an independent, documentary filmmaker. A part-time resident of both Burke and Los Angeles, she graduated from Lake Braddock Secondary School in 2011. But she attended the Fairfax Academy from 2009-11, where she learned and honed the skills she uses as a successful, independent, documentary filmmaker. Zinn always loved stories and wanted to write them, herself. But a tragic event in her own life made her focus take a serious turn. “In my junior year in high school, there was a death in the family and that changed my perception on stories,” she explained. “I no longer wanted to make films about fictitious subjects and moved toward non-fiction – the stories that are right in front of people, but are ignored.” And at the Fairfax Academy, Zinn found the support, guidance and encouragement to follow her dreams. “I credit any success I have to the Fairfax Academy, where I took professional Television Production classes for two years,” she said. “They really gave me the resources and environment I needed and nurtured my creativity. They promoted professionalism and helped jumpstart my career.” SHE MADE HER FIRST FILM in 2011 at age 17. Titled “Perfection,” it’s a documentary about eating disorders in young women. The film focuses on three such women, examining prominent themes they share that led to their disorders. It screened at seven film festivals across the country, including the Santa Cruz Film Festival, and won Best Documentary at the Virginia Student Film Festival in 2012. Zinn’s most recent film, “Self-Inflicted,” on non-suicidal self-injury, was completed while she continued to pursue her communications degree at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Slated for wide release later this year, it examines the psychology behind this type of behavior and the environmental factors that can influence it. “The film also shines a light on the sociological manner in which people react to different types of mental illness and so-called odd behaviors,” said Zinn. “And it features top researchers in non-suicidal self-injury, as well as a range of self-harmers.” Both her films caught the eye of Human Relations Media (HRM), a leading publisher of educational materials for students in grades kindergarten through college. Its programs help young people learn the essentials of health, substance-abuse prevention, math, science, career planning and character. Toward this end, it’s chosen Zinn’s films to distribute to schools, hospitals, clinics and rehab centers both in the U.S and internationally. SHE EDITED the films down to 20 minutes for HRM’s distribution, but both “Perfection” and “Self-Inflicted” will be available online later his year in their extended versions. Each film will come with a resource packet for teachers, filled with discussion points and in-depth information on the films’ topics to better help reach viewers. For more information, go to http://www.monicazinn.com/self-inflicted.html. And Zinn couldn’t be happier. “What’s happening with the films is everything I could have ever wanted for the both of them,” she said. “It’s better than getting into any film festival or winning any awards, because – while those things make me look good and are fun experiences – this is the widest platform possible for my target audience. So it feels pretty amazing to know that films I’ve created while in school will be shown in schools, hospitals and rehabilitation facilities around the world.” As a bonus, HRM has already indicated its interest in funding her next project, whenever she decides to do another one. Meanwhile, though, Zinn’s delighted that her work is considered substantial and important enough to be used to help people struggling with whatever challenges they face. “I’m excited to hopefully hear how these films are affecting others,” she said. “I certainly hope they cause a big change in the way we all think about ourselves and mental illness. I hope they create more avenues for recovery and support for those who need it. Mainly, I hope they just help us all be more honest with ourselves and each other – to share what we’re feeling and know that it’s OK. Surely, if they give anyone any semblance of hope, I’m satisfied,” Zinn said. Sharing People’s Stories Is Filmmaker’s Passion Disability Specialist Uses Film to Highlight Employment Issues The New Filmmakers of Fairfax Film Fest Showcases Local Filmmakers Clifton Film Festival Returns to Workhouse Arts Center	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2793
__label__wiki	0.796299	0.796299	Title: Maastricht Subject: Mosan art, Limburg (Netherlands), Wiel Arets Architects, Computer Olympiad, Meuse (river) Collection: Belgium–netherlands Border Crossings, Cities in the Netherlands, Maastricht, Municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands), Populated Places in Limburg (Netherlands), Provincial Capitals of the Netherlands, South Limburg (Netherlands), University Towns in the Netherlands Mestreech View of Maastricht city centre with its partly medieval bridge on the Meuse river Anthem: Mestreechs Volksleed Location in Limburg Settled ≈ 500 BC City rights 7 Districts Government[1] • Body Onno Hoes (VVD) 60.03 km2 (23.18 sq mi) 3.22 km2 (1.24 sq mi) Elevation[3] Population (Municipality, May 2014; Urban and Metro, May 2014)[4][5] 2,146/km2 (5,560/sq mi) Urban and metro population for Dutch area only, thus excluding Belgian environs[6] (Dutch) Maastrichtenaar; (Limb.) Mestreechteneer or Sjeng • Koblenz • El Rama • Chengdu .nl.maastrichtwww View of Maastricht from the church tower of Saint John's Maastricht ( (southern Dutch and locally) or ( ) (northern Dutch); Limburgish (incl. Maastrichtian): Mestreech ; French: Maestricht (archaic); Spanish: Mastrique (archaic)) is a town and a municipality in the Southeast of the European country the Netherlands. It is the capital city in the province of Limburg. Maastricht is located on both sides of the Meuse river (Dutch: Maas), at the point where the Jeker River (French: Geer) joins it. In history Maastricht developed from a Belgic settlement, that in the Gallic Wars was conquered by the Romans and thus became a Roman settlement, to a religious centre, a garrison city and an early industrial city.[7] Nowadays, it is known as a city of especially culture (including local folklore) and education.[8] Maastricht's rich history shows from the fact that in this town no less than 1677 national heritage sites (Rijksmonumenten) are located, which is the second highest amount in a Dutch town, after Amsterdam. Furthermore, it has become known, by way of the Maastricht Treaty, as the birthplace of the European Union, European citizenship, and the single European currency, the euro.[9][10] The town is popular with tourists for shopping and recreation, and has a large growing international student population. Maastricht is a member of the Most Ancient European Towns Network[11] and is part of the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion, which includes nearby cities Aachen, Eupen, Hasselt, Liège and Tongeren. Neighbourhoods 1 Etymology and 'oldest city in the Netherlands' dispute 3.1 Early history 3.2 Middle Ages 3.3 16th to 19th centuries 3.4 20th century and onwards 3.5 Culture and tourism 5 Sights of Maastricht 5.1 Museums in Maastricht 5.2 Events and festivals 5.3 Parks 6.1 Natural areas 6.2 Total population 7.1 Inhabitants by nationality 7.2 Inhabitants by country of birth 7.3 Secondary education 8.1 Tertiary education 8.2 Other 8.3 Private companies based in Maastricht 9.1 Public institutions 9.2 City council 11.1 Aldermen and mayors 11.2 Cannabis 11.3 By car 12.1 By train 12.2 By tram 12.3 By bus 12.4 By air 12.5 By boat 12.6 Distances to other cities 12.7 International relations 13 Twin towns — Sister cities 13.1 Other relations 13.2 Well-known natives of Maastricht 14 Originating from elsewhere 14.1 Local anthem 15 See also 17 Neighbouring villages 19.1 Typical street in the Jekerkwartier, part of the ancient Maastricht city centre. Maastricht consists of five districts and over 40 neighbourhoods. Each neighbourhood has a number which corresponds to its postal code. Maastricht Centrum (Binnenstad, Jekerkwartier, Kommelkwartier, Statenkwartier, Boschstraatkwartier, Sint Maartenspoort, Wyck-Céramique) South-West (Villapark, Jekerdal, Biesland, Campagne, Wolder, Sint Pieter) North-West (Brusselsepoort, Mariaberg, Belfort, Pottenberg, Malpertuis, Caberg, Malberg, Dousberg-Hazendans, Daalhof, Boschpoort, Bosscherveld, Frontenkwartier, Belvédère, Lanakerveld) North-East (Beatrixhaven, Itteren, Meerssenhoven, Wyckerpoort, Wittevrouwenveld, Nazareth, Limmel, Amby) South-East (Randwyck, Heugem, Heugemerveld, Scharn, Heer, De Heeg, Vroendaal) The neighbourhoods of Itteren, Borgharen, Limmel, Amby, Heer, Heugem, Scharn, Oud-Caberg, Sint Pieter and Wolder all used to be separate municipalities or villages until they were annexed by the city of Maastricht in the course of the 20th century. Maastricht is a city of linguistic diversity, as a result of among others its location at the crossroads of multiple language areas and its international student population. Dutch is the national language and the language of elementary and secondary education (excluding international institutions) as well as administration. Dutch in Maastricht is often spoken with a distinctive Limburgish accent, which should not be confused with the Limburgish language. Limburgish (or Limburgian), is the overlapping term of the tonal dialects spoken in the Dutch and Belgian provinces of Limburg. The Maastrichtian dialect (Mestreechs) is only one of many variants of Limburgish. It is characterised by stretched vowels and some French influence on its vocabulary. In recent years the Maastricht dialect has been in decline (see dialect levelling) and a language switch to Standard Dutch has been noted.[12] French formerly was the language of education in Maastricht. As of the 18th century the language occupied a powerful position as judicial and cultural language, with it being used and throughout the following century by the upper classes.[13] Between 1851 and 1892 a Francophone newspaper (Le Courrier de la Meuse) was published in Maastricht. Currently, the language is often part of secondary school curricula. Many proper names and some street names are French and the language has left many traces in the local dialect. German, like French, is often part of secondary school curricula. Due to Maastricht's geographic proximity to Germany and the great number of German students in the city, German is widely spoken. English has become an important language in education. At Maastricht University and Hogeschool Zuyd it is the language of instruction for many courses. Many foreign students and expatriates use English as a lingua franca. English is also a mandatory subject in Dutch elementary and secondary schools. Etymology and 'oldest city in the Netherlands' dispute The name Maastricht is derived from Latin Trajectum ad Mosam (or Mosae Trajectum), meaning 'crossing at the Meuse', and referring to the bridge built by the Romans. The Latin name first appears in medieval documents and it is not known whether this was Maastricht's official name during Roman times. There is some debate as to whether Maastricht is the oldest city in the Netherlands. Some people consider Nijmegen the oldest, mainly because it was the first settlement in the Netherlands to receive Roman city rights. Maastricht never did, but it may be considerably older as a settlement. In addition, Maastricht can claim uninterrupted habitation since Roman times. A large number of archeological finds confirms this. Nijmegen has a gap in its history: there is practically no evidence of habitation in the early Middle Ages. A resident of Maastricht is referred to as Maastrichtenaar whilst in the local dialect it is either Mestreechteneer or, colloquially, Sjeng (derived from the formerly popular French name Jean). Remains of Roman baths at Onze Lieve Vrouweplein View of Maastricht, coloured engraving by Philippo Bellomonte, 1580/82 Maquette of Maastricht in 1750 Early industrial developments, 1865 German soldiers near a damaged bridge Neanderthal remains have been found to the west of Maastricht (Belvédère excavations). Of a later date are Palaeolithic remains, between 8,000 and 25,000 years old. Celts lived here around 500 BC, at a spot where the river Meuse was shallow and therefore easy to cross. It is not known exactly when the Romans arrived in Maastricht, or whether the settlement was founded by them. It is known, though, that the Romans built a bridge over the Meuse in the 1st century AD, during the reign of Augustus Caesar. The bridge was an important link in the main road between Bavay and Cologne. Roman Maastricht was probably relatively small. Remains of the Roman road, the bridge, a religious shrine, a Roman bath, a granary, some houses and the 4th-century castrum walls and gates, have been excavated. Fragments of provincial Roman sculptures, as well as coins, jewelry, glass, pottery and other objects from Roman Maastricht are on display in the exhibition space of the city's public library (Centre Céramique). According to legend, the Armenian-born Saint Servatius, bishop of Tongeren, died in Maastricht in 384 and was buried there along the Roman road, outside the castrum. According to Gregory of Tours it was bishop Monulph who, around 570, built the first stone church on the grave of Servatius, the present-day Basilica of Saint Servatius. The city remained an early Christian diocese until it lost this position to nearby Liège in the early 8th century. In the early Middle Ages Maastricht was, along with Aachen and the area around Liège, part of the heartland of the Carolingian Empire. The town was an important centre for trade and manufacturing. Merovingian coins minted in Maastricht have been found in many places throughout Europe. In the 10th century Maastricht briefly became the capital of the duchy of Lower Lorraine. During the 12th century the town flourished culturally. The provosts of the church of Saint Servatius held important positions in the Holy Roman Empire during this era. The city's two main churches were largely rebuilt and redecorated. Maastricht Romanesque stone sculpture is regarded as one of the highlights of Mosan art. Maastricht painters were praised by Wolfram von Eschenbach in his Parzival. Around the same time, the poet Henric van Veldeke wrote a legend of Saint Servatius, one of the earliest works in Dutch literature. Shortly after 1200 the city received dual authority, with the prince-bishops of Liège and the dukes of Brabant holding joint sovereignty over the city. Maastricht received city rights in 1204. Soon afterwards the first ring of medieval walls were built. Throughout the Middle Ages, the city remained a centre for trade and manufacturing of wool and leather but gradually economic decline set in. After a brief period of economic prosperity in the 15th century, the city's economy suffered during the wars of religion of the 16th and 17th centuries, and recovery did not happen until the industrial revolution in the early 19th century. 16th to 19th centuries The important strategic location of Maastricht resulted in the construction of an impressive array of fortifications around the city during this period. The Spanish and Dutch garrisons became an important factor in the city's economy. In 1579 the city was sacked by the Spanish army under general Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma (Siege of Maastricht, 1579). For over fifty years the Spanish crown took over the role of the dukes of Brabant in the joint sovereignty over Maastricht. In 1632 the city was conquered by Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange and the Dutch States General replaced the Spanish crown in the joint government of Maastricht. Another Siege of Maastricht (1673) took place during the Franco-Dutch War. In June 1673, Louis XIV laid siege to the city because French battle supply lines were being threatened. During this siege, Vauban, the famous French military engineer, developed a new strategy in order to break down the strong fortifications surrounding Maastricht. His systematic approach remained the standard method of attacking fortresses until the 20th century. On 25 June 1673, while preparing to storm the city, captain-lieutenant Charles de Batz de Castelmore, also known as the comte d'Artagnan, was killed by a musket shot outside Tongerse Poort. This event was embellished in Alexandre Dumas' novel The Vicomte de Bragelonne, part of the D'Artagnan Romances. French troops occupied Maastricht from 1673 to 1678. In 1748 the French once again conquered the city at what is known as the Second French Siege of Maastricht, during the War of Austrian Succession. The French took the city one last time in 1794, when the condominium was dissolved and Maastricht was annexed to the First French Empire. For twenty years Maastricht was the capital of the French département of Meuse-Inférieure. After the Napoleonic era, Maastricht became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815. It was made the capital of the newly formed Province of Limburg (1815–1839). When the southern provinces of the newly formed kingdom seceded in 1830 (Belgian Revolution), the Dutch garrison in Maastricht remained loyal to the Dutch king, William I of the Netherlands, even when most of the inhabitants of the town and the surrounding area sided with the Belgian revolutionaries. In 1831, arbitration by the Great Powers allocated the city to the Netherlands. However, neither the Dutch nor the Belgians agreed to this and it was not until the 1839 Treaty of London that the arrangement was implemented. It was during this period of isolation that Maastricht developed into an early industrial town. Because of its eccentric location in the Netherlands, and its geographical and cultural proximity to Belgium, integration of Maastricht and Limburg into the Netherlands did not come about easily. Maastricht retained a distinctly non-Dutch appearance during much of the 19th century and it was not until the First World War that the city was forced to look northwards. 20th century and onwards Maastricht did not escape the ravages of World War II. It was quickly taken by the Germans during the Battle of Maastricht in May 1940, but on 14 September 1944 it was also the first Dutch city to be liberated by allied forces. The three Meuse bridges were destroyed or severely damaged during the war. The majority of Maastricht Jews were murdered in Nazi concentration camps. The latter half of the century saw the decline of traditional industries (such as the famous Maastricht potteries) and a shift to a service economy. Maastricht University was founded in 1976. Several European institutions have found their base in Maastricht. In 1992, the Maastricht Treaty was negotiated and signed here, leading to the creation of the European Union and the euro.[14] In recent years, under mayor Gerd Leers, Maastricht launched a campaign against drug-related problems. Leers instigated a controversial plan to relocate some of the cannabis coffee shops—where the purchase of soft drugs in limited quantities is tolerated—from the city centre to the outskirts, in an attempt to stop (foreign) buyers from causing trouble in the downtown area.[15] Although the so-called "coffee corner plan" has not been entirely abandoned, the new mayor Onno Hoes has given priority to the Dutch government's approach of limiting entrance to 'coffee shops' to Dutch adults only, and to tackle the problem of drug runners in cooperation with the city of Rotterdam (where the majority of drug runners are from). On a positive note, large parts of the city centre were thoroughly refurbished in recent years, including the area around the main railway station, the main shopping streets, the Entre Deux and Mosae Forum shopping centres, and the Maasboulevard promenade along the Meuse. Also, a new quarter, including the new Bonnefanten Museum, a public library, a theater and several housing blocks designed by international architects, was built on the grounds of the former Céramique potteries near the town centre. As a result, Maastricht looks notably smarter. Further large-scale projects, such as the redevelopment of the Sphinx and Belvédère areas, are underway. Maastricht features the same climate as most of the Netherlands (Cfb, Oceanic climate), however, due to its more inland location in between hills, summers tend to be warmer (especially in the Meuse valley, which lies 70 meters lower than the meteorological station) and winters a bit colder, although the difference is only remarkable at a few days a year. Notable is the second highest temperature recorded in the Netherlands, and the highest temperature of a still existing station on June 27, 1947 at 38.4 °C (101.1 °F).[16] Climate data for Maastricht (32) 0.0 (−2.7) −14.7 (5.5) −12.9 (8.8) −4.9 (−2.7) Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 12 10 12 9 10 10 10 10 9 10 12 12 126 Avg. snowy days 7 7 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 30 % humidity 87 84 80 74 73 75 75 76 82 85 89 89 80.8 Mean monthly sunshine hours 59.9 79.3 119.3 164.0 194.9 188.9 202.8 187.3 140.0 113.6 65.9 44.9 1,560.8 Source #1: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (1981–2010 normals, snowy days normals for 1971–2000)[17] Source #2: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (1971–2000 extremes)[18] Sights of Maastricht Onze-Lieve-Vrouwewal (medieval city wall) Vrijthof with Saint John's Church (left) and Saint Servatius Basilica Markt and town hall The landmark tower of the Bonnefanten Museum on the east bank of the Meuse river in Wyck-Céramique View of Maastricht from the fortress on Mount Saint Peter Jeker valley with vineyard Maastricht is known in the Netherlands and beyond for its lively squares, narrow streets, and historical buildings. The city has 1677 rijksmonumenten (national heritage sites), more than any Dutch city, outside Amsterdam. The entire city centre is a protected cityscape ("beschermd stadsgezicht"). The tourist information office (VVV) is located in the Dinghuis, a medieval building overlooking Grote Staat. Maastricht's main sights include: Meuse river, with several parks and promenades along the river, and some interesting bridges: Sint Servaasbrug, partly from the 13th century; the oldest bridge in the Netherlands; Hoge Brug ("High Bridge"), a modern pedestrian bridge designed by René Greisch; City fortifications, including: Remnants of the first and second medieval city wall and several towers (13th and 14th centuries); Helpoort ("Hell's Gate"), an imposing gate with two towers, built shortly after 1230, the oldest city gate in the Netherlands; Waterpoortje ("Little Water Gate"), a medieval gate in Wyck, used for accessing the city from the Meuse, demolished in the 19th century but rebuilt shortly afterwards; Hoge Fronten (or: Linie van Du Moulin), remnants of 17th- and 18th-century fortifications with a number of well-preserved bastions and a nearby early 19th-century fortress, Fort Willem I; Fort Sint-Pieter ("Fortress Saint Peter"), early 17th-century fortress on the flanks of Mount Saint Peter; Casemates, an underground network of tunnels, built as sheltered emplacements for guns and cannons. These tunnels run for several miles underneath the city's fortifications, some isolated, others connected to each other. Guided tours are available. Binnenstad: inner-city district with pedestrianized shopping streets including Grote and Kleine Staat, and high-end shopping streets Stokstraat and Maastrichter Smedenstraat. The main sights in Maastricht as well as a large number of cafés, pubs and restaurants are centred around the three main squares in Binnenstad: Vrijthof, the largest and best-known square in Maastricht, with many well-known pubs and restaurants (including two - one former - gentlemen's clubs). Other sights include: Basilica of Saint Servatius, a predominantly Romanesque church with important medieval sculptures (most notably the westwork and east choir sculpted capitals, corbels and reliefs, and the sculpted South Portal or Bergportaal). The tomb of Saint Servatius in the crypt is a favoured place of pilgrimage. The church has an important church treasury; Sint-Janskerk, a Gothic church dedicated to Saint John the Baptist, the city's main Protestant church since 1632, adjacent to the Basilica of Saint Servatius, with a distinctive red, limestone tower; Spaans Gouvernement ("Spanish Government Building"), a 16th-century former canon's house, also used by the Brabant and Habsburg rulers, now housing the Museum aan het Vrijthof; Hoofdwacht ("Main Watch"), a 17th-century military guard house, used for exhibitions; Generaalshuis ("General's House"), a Neoclassical mansion, now the city's main theater (Theater aan het Vrijthof). Onze Lieve Vrouweplein, a picturesque tree-lined square with an abundance of pavement cafes. Main sights: Basilica of Our Lady, an 11th-century church, one of the Netherland's most significant Romanesque buildings with an important church treasury. Perhaps best known for the shrine of Our Lady, Star of the Sea in an adjacent Gothic chapel; Derlon Museumkelder, a small museum with Roman and earlier remains in the basement of Hotel Derlon. Markt, the town's market square, completely refurbished in 2006-07 and now virtually traffic free. Sights include: The Town Hall, built in the 17th century by Pieter Post and considered one of the highlights of Dutch Baroque architecture. Nearby is Dinghuis, the medieval town hall and courthouse with an early Renaissance façade; Mosae Forum, a new shopping center and civic building designed by Jo Coenen and Bruno Albert. Inside the Mosae Forum parking garage is a small exhibition of Citroën miniature cars; Entre Deux, a recently rebuilt shopping centre in Postmodern style, which has won several international awards.[19] It includes a bookstore located inside a former 13th-century Dominican church. In 2008, British newspaper The Guardian proclaimed this the world's most beautiful bookshop.[20] Jekerkwartier, a picturesque neighbourhood named after the small river Jeker, which pops up between old houses and remnants of city walls. The western part of the neighbourhood (also called the Latin Quarter of Maastricht, is dominated by university buildings and art schools. Sights include: a number of churches and monasteries, some from the Gothic period (the Old Franciscan Church), some from the Renaissance (Faliezustersklooster), some from the Baroque period (Bonnefanten Monastery; Walloon Church, Lutheran Church); Maastricht Natural History Museum, a small museum of natural history in a former monastery; Grote Looiersstraat ("Great Tanners' Street"), a former canal that was filled in during the 19th century, lined with elegant houses, the city's poorhouse (now part of the university library) and Sint-Maartenshofje, a typically Dutch hofje. Boschstraatkwartier, an upcoming neighbourhood and cultural hotspot in the north of the city centre. Several of the former industrial buildings are being transformed for new uses. Sint-Matthiaskerk, a 14th-century parish church dedicated to Saint Matthew; Bassin, a restored early 19th-century inner harbor with restaurants and cafés on one side and interesting industrial architecture on the other side. Wyck, the old quarter on the right bank of the river Meuse. Saint Martin's Church, a Gothic Revival church designed by Pierre Cuypers in 1856; Rechtstraat is perhaps the most picturesque street in Wyck, with many historic buildings and a mix of specialty shops, art galleries and restaurants; Stationsstraat and Wycker Brugstraat are elegant shopping streets with the majority of the buildings dating from the late 19th century. At the end of Stationsstraat stands the Maastricht railway station from 1913. Céramique, a modern neighbourhood on the site of the former Céramique potteries with a park along the river Meuse (Charles Eyckpark). Now a showcase of architectural highlights: Wiebengahal, one of the few remaining industrial monuments in the neighbourhood and an early example of modern architecture in the Netherlands, dating from 1912; Bonnefanten Museum by Aldo Rossi; Centre Céramique, a public library and exhibition space by Jo Coenen; La Fortezza, an office and apartment building by Mario Botta; Siza Tower, a residential tower clad with zinc and white marble, by Álvaro Siza Vieira; Also buildings by MBM, Cruz y Ortiz, Luigi Snozzi, Aurelio Galfetti, Herman Hertzberger, Wiel Arets, Hubert-Jan Henket, Charles Vandenhove and Bob Van Reeth. Sint-Pietersberg ("Mount Saint Peter"): modest hill and nature reserve south of the city, peaking at 171 metres (561 ft) above sea level. It serves as Maastricht's main recreation area and a viewing point. The main sights include: Fort Sint-Pieter, an early 18th-century military fortress fully restored in recent years; Grotten Sint-Pietersberg, an underground network of man-made tunnels ("caves") in limestone quarries. Guided tours are available; Slavante, a country pavilion and restaurant on the site of a Franciscan monastery of which parts remain; Lichtenberg, a ruined medieval castle keep and a small museum in an adjacent farmstead; D'n Observant ("The Observer"), an artificial hilltop, made with the spoils of a nearby quarry, now a nature reserve. Museums in Maastricht Museum aan het Vrijthof Medieval chest of Saint Servatius in the Treasury of the Basilica of Saint Servatius TEFAF, Maastricht's prestigious art fair Bonnefanten Museum is the foremost museum for old masters and contemporary fine art in the province of Limburg. The collection features medieval sculpture, early Italian painting, Southern Netherlandish painting, and contemporary art. Museum aan het Vrijthof is a local history museum in the 16th-century Spanish Government building, featuring period rooms with 17th- and 18th-century furnishings, Maastricht silver, porcelain, glassware, Maastricht pistols, and a collection of 17th- and 18th-century Dutch paintings and 20th-century paintings from local artists. The Treasury of the Basilica of Saint Servatius includes religious artifacts from the 4th to 20th centuries, notably those related to Saint Servatius. Highlights include the shrine, the key and the crosier of Saint Servatius, and the reliquary bust donated by Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma. The Treasury of the Basilica of Our Lady contains religious art, textiles, reliquaries, liturgical vessels and other artifacts from the Middle Ages and later periods. Derlon Museumkelder is a preserved archeological site in the basement of a hotel with Roman and pre-Roman remains. The Maastricht Natural History Museum exhibits collections relating to the geology, paleontology and flora and fauna of Limburg. Highlights in the collection are several fragment of skeletons of Mosasaurs found in a quarry in Mount Saint Peter. "Kachelpieper" at the Maastricht Carnival Magisch Maastricht/Magic Maastricht, a winter-themed funfair and Christmas market held on Vrijthof square and other locations throughout the city (December/January). Carnival (Dutch: Carnaval, Limburgish and Maastrichtian: Vastelaovend) - a traditional three-day festival in the southern part of the Netherlands; in Maastricht mainly outdoors (February/March). The European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF), the world's leading art and antiques fair (March). Amstel Gold Race, an international cycling race which starts in Maastricht (usually April). KunstTour, an annual art festival (May). Preuvenemint, a large culinary event held on the Vrijthof square (August). Inkom, the traditional opening of the academic year and introduction for new students of Maastricht University (August). Musica Sacra, a festival of religious (classical) music (September). Nederlandse Dansdagen, a modern dance festival (October). 11de van de 11de, the official start of the carnival season (November 11). Jazz Maastricht, a jazz festival formerly known as "Jeker Jazz" (autumn). Tedx Maastricht (autumn) European Model United Nations (EuroMUN), an annual international conference in May and the second largest of its kind in Europe. Jumping Indoor Maastricht, an international concours hippique (showjumping). Maastrichts Mooiste, an annual running and walking event. Furthermore, the Maastricht Exposition and Congress Centre (MECC) hosts many events throughout the year. A small park near Faliezustersklooster A pond in Stadspark, Maastricht's main park Panoramic view from Mount Saint Peter View of the Dousberg recreational area There are several city parks and recreational areas in Maastricht:[21] Stadspark, the main public park in Maastricht, partly 19th century, with remnants of the medieval city walls, a branch of the Jeker river, a mini-zoo and several public sculptures (e.g. the statue of d'Artagnan in Aldenhofpark, a 20th-century extension of Stadspark). Other extensions of the park are called Kempland, Henri Hermanspark, Monseigneur Nolenspark and Waldeckpark. From 2014 onwards, the grounds of the former Tapijn military barracks will be gradually added to the park; Jekerpark, a new park along the river Jeker, separated from Stadspark by a busy road; Frontenpark, a new park west of the city centre, incorporating parts of the fortifications of Maastricht from the 17th to 19th centuries; Charles Eykpark, a modern park between the public library and Bonnefanten Museum on the east bank of the Meuse river, designed in the late 1990s by Swedish landscape architect Gunnar Martinsson. Griendpark, a modern park on the east bank of the river with an inline-skating and skateboarding course. Geusseltpark in eastern Maastricht and J.J. van de Vennepark in western Maastricht, both with elaborate sports facilities. The Meuse river and its green banks in outlying areas. In the northern areas around [22] Pietersplas, an artificial lake between Maastricht and Gronsveld that was the result of gravel pits on the banks of the Meuse river. There is a beach on the northern slope of the lake and a marina near Castle Hoogenweerth. The eastern riverbed between Pietersplas and the provincial government building is a nature reserve (Kleine Weerd). The Jeker Valley, along the river Jeker, starts near the city centre in Stadspark and leads via Jekerpark to an area with green meadows, fertile fields, some vinyards on the slopes of Cannerberg, several water mills and Château Neercanne, and continues further south into Belgium. The green flanks of Mount Saint Peter, including many footpaths.[23] Dousberg and Zouwdal, a modest hill and valley surrounded by urban development on the western edge of the city, partly in Belgium. A large part of the hill is now in use as an international golf course (Golfclub Maastricht).[24] Landgoederenzone, an extended area in the northeast of Maastricht (partly in Borgharen and Hartelstein. Some of the castles, villas and stately homes are surrounded by industrial areas or quarries. Picturesque bike paths through agricultural areas in several outlying quarters (like "Biesland" amd "Wolder"). 1794 17,000[25] 1960 (Jan) 90,202[26] 1980 (Jan) 109,285[26] Inhabitants by nationality Top 10 (2002-2012) 2012 (Jan)[28] Netherlands 108,403 115.465 -6.12% Germany 3,477 877 +296.47% Belgium 1,012 912 +10.96% United Kingdom 560 336 +66.67% Italy 497 277 +79.42% United States 461 170 +171.18% China 421 204 +106.37% Turkey 373 391 -4.60% Spain 325 246 +32.11% France 307 145 +111.72% Inhabitants by country of birth % of total Total population 121,050 100% 122.005 -0.78% Total foreign-born population 20,017 16.54% 13.348 +49.96% Total EU (excl. Netherlands) 9,359 7.73% 4856 +92.73% Netherlands 101,033 83.46% 108.657 -7.02% Germany 3,857 3.18% 1508 +155.77% Belgium 1,923 1.59% 1860 +3.39% Indonesia 1,212 1.00% 1498 -19.09% Turkey 884 0.73% 796 +11.06% Morocco 854 0.71% 881 -3.07% Former Soviet Union 770 0.64% 291 +164.61% United States 599 0.50% 231 +159.31% United Kingdom 553 0.46% 355 +55.78% China (excl. Hong Kong and Macau) 533 0.44% 326 +63.50% Maastricht University, Campus Randwyck Students at work at UM Law School Hotel Management School at Bethlehem Castle Bernard Lievegoedschool (Anthroposophical education) Bonnefantencollege Porta Mosana College Sint-Maartenscollege United World College Maastricht Maastricht University (Dutch: Universiteit Maastricht or UM) including: Teikyo University (Maastricht campus closed in 2007) Zuyd University of Applied Sciences (Dutch: Hogeschool Zuyd, also has departments in Sittard and Heerlen) including: Academy for Dramatic Arts Maastricht (Dutch: Toneelacademie Maastricht) School of Fine Arts Maastricht (Dutch: Academie Beeldende Kunsten Maastricht) Maastricht Academy of Music (Dutch: Conservatorium Maastricht) Academy of architecture Teachers training college Faculty of International Business and Communication Maastricht Hotel Management School Jan Van Eyck Academie - post-academic art institute Berlitz Language School Maastricht Talenacademie Nederland Private companies based in Maastricht ENCI quarry Office park Randwyck-Noord Provincial Government Buildings ENCI – First Dutch Cement Industry Sappi – South African Pulp and Paper Industry Mosa – ceramic tiles BASF – previously Ten Horn, pigments Hewlett-Packard – previously Indigo, manufacturer of electronic data systems Vodafone – mobile phone company DHL – international express mail services Teleperformance – contact center services Mercedes-Benz – customer contact centre for Europe VGZ – health insurance, customer contact centre Esaote (former Pie Medical Equipment) – manufacturer of medical and veterinary diagnostic equipment Pie Medical Imaging – cardiovascular quantitative analysis software CardioTek – manufacturer of medical equipment for Cardiac electrophysiology procedures BioPartner Centre Maastricht – life sciences spin-off companies Since the 1980s a number of European and international institutions have made Maastricht their base. They provide an increasing number of employment opportunities for expats living in the Maastricht area. Administration of the Dutch province of Limburg Meuse-Rhine Euroregion Limburg Development Company LIOF Rijksarchief Limburg – archives of the province of Limburg Eurocontrol – European Organisation for the Safety and Operation of European Airspace European Institute of Public Administration (EIPA) European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM) European centre for work and society (ECWS) Maastricht Centre for Transatlantic Studies (MCTS) Expert Centre for Sustainable Business and Development Cooperation (ECSAD) Council of European Municipalities and Regions (REGR) European Centre for Digital Communication (EC/DC) UNU-MERIT Maastricht Research School of Economics of TEchnology and ORganization (METEOR) Research Institute for Knowledge Systems (RIKS) Cicero Foundation (CF) In football, Maastricht is represented by MVV Maastricht (Dutch: Maatschappelijke Voetbal Vereniging Maastricht), currently playing in the Dutch first division of the national competition (which is actually the second league after the Eredivisie league). MVV's home is the Geusselt stadium near the A2 motorway. Maastricht is also home to the Maastricht Wildcats, an American Football League team and member of the AFBN (American Football Bond Nederland). Since 1998, Maastricht has been the traditional starting place of the annual Amstel Gold Race, the only Dutch cycling classic. For several years the race also finished in Maastricht, but since 2002 the finale has been on the Cauberg hill in nearby Valkenburg. Election results of 2010: council seats Compared to 2006 PvdA 7 -6 CDA 7 0 Senioren 5 +2 GroenLinks 4 -1 VVD 4 +1 D66 4 +2 SP 2 -1 Stadsbelangen 2 0 Partij Veilig 2 +2 CVP 1 +1 Liberale 1 0 The municipal government of Maastricht consists of a city council, a mayor and a number of aldermen. The city council, a 39-member legislative body directly elected for four years, appoints the aldermen on the basis of a coalition agreement between two or more parties after each election. The 2006 municipal elections in the Netherlands were, as often, dominated by national politics and led to a shift from right to left throughout the country. In Maastricht, the traditional broad governing coalition of Christian Democrats (CDA), Labour (PvdA), Greens (GreenLeft) and Liberals (VVD) was replaced by a centre-left coalition of Labour, Christian Democrats and Greens. Two Labour aldermen were appointed, along with one Christian Democrat and one Green alderman. Due to internal disagreements, one of the VVD council members left the party in 2005 and formed a new liberal group in 2006 (Liberalen Maastricht). The other opposition parties in the current city council are the Socialist Party (SP), the Democrats (D66) and two local parties (Stadsbelangen Mestreech (SBM) and the Seniorenpartij). Aldermen and mayors The aldermen and the mayor make up the executive branch of the municipal government. After the popular previous mayor, Gerd Leers (CDA), decided to step down in January 2010 following the 'Bulgarian Villa' affair, an affair concerning a holiday villa project in Byala, Bulgaria, in which the mayor was alleged to have been involved in shady deals to raise the value of villas he had ownership of. The current mayor of Maastricht is Onno Hoes, a Liberal (VVD), the only male mayor in the country, who officially is married to a male person. In 2013 Hoes was the subject of some political commotion, after facts had been disclosed about intimate affairs with several other male persons. The affair had no consequences for his political career.[30] Former mayor Gerd Leers Current mayor Onno Hoes One controversial issue which has dominated Maastricht politics for many years and which has also affected national and international politics, is the city's approach to soft drugs. Under the pragmatic Dutch soft drug policy, a policy of non-enforcement, individuals may buy and use cannabis from 'coffeeshops' (cannabis bars) under certain conditions. Maastricht, like many other border towns, has seen a growing influx of 'drug tourists', mainly young people from Belgium, France and Germany, who provide a large amount of revenue for the coffeeshops (around 13) in the city centre. The city government, most notably ex-mayor Leers, have been actively promoting drug policy reform in order to deal with its negative side effects. One of the proposals, known as the 'Coffee Corner Plan', proposed by then-mayor Leers and supported unanimously by the city council in 2008, was to relocate the coffeeshops from the city centre to the borders of the town (in some cases coinciding with the national Dutch-Belgian border).[31] The purpose of this plan was to reduce the impact of drug tourism on the city centre, such as parking problems and the illegal sale of hard drugs in the vicinity of the coffeeshops, and to monitor the sale and use of cannabis more closely in areas away from the crowded city centre. The Coffee Corner Plan, however, has met with fierce opposition from neighbouring municipalities (some in Belgium) and from members of the Dutch and Belgian parliament. The plan has been the subject of various legal challenges and has not been carried out up to this date (2014). On 16 December 2010, the Court of Justice of the European Union upheld a local Maastricht ban on the sale of cannabis to foreign tourists, restricting entrance to coffee shops to residents of Maastricht.[32] The ban did not affect scientific or medical usage. In 2011, the Dutch government introduced a similar national system, the wietpas ("cannabis pass"), restricting access to Dutch coffeeshops to residents of the Netherlands. After protests from local mayors about the difficulty of implementing the issuing of wietpasses, Dutch parliament in 2012 agreed to replace the pass by any proof of residency.[33] The new system has led to a slight diminishment of drug tourism to canabis shops in Maastricht but at the same time to an increase of drug dealing on the street. A2 motorway in Maastricht Maastricht main railway station Dutch Topographic map of Maastricht, March 2014 Maastricht is served by the A2 and A79 motorways. The city can be reached from Brussels and Cologne in approximately one hour and from Amsterdam in about two and a half hours. The A2 motorway that runs through Maastricht is heavily congested and causes air pollution in the urban area. Construction of a two-level tunnel designed to solve these problems is scheduled to start in 2011 and last until 2016.[34] In spite of several large underground car parks, parking in the city centre forms a major problem during weekends and bank holidays due to the large numbers of visitors. Parking fees are high in order to incite visitors to use public transport or park and ride facilities away from the centre. Maastricht is served by three rail operators, all of which call at the main Maastricht railway station near the centre and the smaller Maastricht Randwyck, located near the business and university district. The in 2013 opened Maastricht Noord is currently served by Veolia only. Services northwards are operated by Dutch Railways, including regular intercity trains to Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Den Bosch and Utrecht. The National Railway Company of Belgium runs south to Liège in Belgium. The line to Heerlen, Valkenburg and Kerkrade is operated by Veolia. The former railway to Aachen was closed down in the 1980s. The old westbound railway to Hasselt (Belgium) is currently being restored. This line will be used as a modern tramline, scheduled to open in 2017.[35][36] The Dutch and Flanders governments have reached an agreement in 2014 to build a new tram route called Spartacus. It is scheduled to take three years, from 2015 to 2018, and cost €283 million. When it is completed, Spartacus will carry passengers from Maastricht city centre to Hasselt city centre, the capital of Flanders’ Limburg province, in 30 minutes. It will be operated by the transport company De Lijn, with 3 scheduled stops in Maastricht and further 10 in Flanders.[37] Regular bus lines connect the city centre, outer areas, business districts and railway stations. The regional Veolia bus network extends to most parts of South Limburg as well as to Hasselt, Tongeren and Liège in Belgium, and Aachen in Germany. Maastricht is served by nearby Maastricht Aachen Airport - locally known as Beek - with scheduled flights to Alicante, Berlin, Faro, Girona, Málaga, Pisa, Reus, Trapani and charters to popular holiday destinations during the summer season. The airport is located about 10 kilometres (6 miles) north of Maastricht's centre. Maastricht has a river Liège. Distances to other cities These distances are as the crow flies and therefore not represent actual overland distances. Liège: 25.5 km (15.8 mi) south Aachen: 31.0 km (19.3 mi) east Düsseldorf: 86.2 km (53.6 mi) north-east Cologne: 89.6 km (55.7 mi) east Brussels: 95.1 km (59.1 mi) west Antwerp: 97.8 km (60.8 mi) north-west Luxembourg City: 141.4 km (87.9 mi) south Utrecht: 142.4 km (88.5 mi) north-west Rotterdam: 144.5 km (89.8 mi) north-west Amsterdam: 175.1 km (108.8 mi) north-west Lille: 186.3 km (115.8 mi) west Frankfurt am Main: 228.8 km (142.2 mi) south-east Leeuwarden: 261.6 km (162.6 mi) north Paris: 326.6 km (202.9 mi) south-west Twin towns — Sister cities Maastricht is twinned with: Liège, Belgium Rama, Nicaragua Chengdu, China (since 2012) Other relations Most Ancient European Towns Network Well-known natives of Maastricht Peter Debye Jan Pieter Minckeleers Henrietta d'Oultremont Victor de Stuers See also People from Maastricht Jean-Eugène-Charles Alberti (1777-after 1843) - painter Henri Arends (1921–1993) - conductor Doris Baaten (1956) - voice actress Mieke de Boer (1980) - female darts player Alphons Boosten (1893-1951) - architect Theo Bovens (1959) - politician Joseph Bruyère (1948) - Belgian cyclist Jean-Baptiste Coclers (1696-1772) - painter Louis Bernard Coclers (1740-1817) - painter Peter Debye (1884–1966) - Nobel prize winning chemist Tom Dumoulin (1990) - cyclist Hendrick Fromantiou (1633/4 – after 1693) - still life painter Joop Haex (1911-2002) - politician André Henri Constant van Hasselt (1806-1874) - French-writing poet Hubert Hermans (1937) - psychologist and creator of Dialogical Self Theory Pieter van den Hoogenband (1978) - swimmer and a triple Olympic champion Pierre Kemp (1886–1967) - poet Sjeng Kerbusch (1947–1991) - behavior geneticist Mathieu Kessels (1784–1836) - sculptor Lambert of Maastricht (c. 636 – c. 705) - bishop, saint Eric van der Luer (1965) - footballer, football manager Pierre Lyonnet (1708-1789) - naturalist, cryptograher, engraver Félix de Mérode (1791-1857) - politician, writer Jan Pieter Minckeleers (1748–1824) - scientist and inventor of coal gas lighting Bram Moszkowicz (1960) - ex-barrister Benny Neyman (1951–2008) - singer of popular songs Tom Nijssen (1964) - tennis player Jacques Ogg (1948) - harpsichordist Henrietta d'Oultremont (1792-1864) - second wife of William I of the Netherlands Jan Peumans (1951) - Belgian politician Guido Pieters (1948) - film director Dick Raaymakers (1930-2013) - composer, theater maker Prince Rajcomar (1985) - football player Louis Regout (1861-1915) - politician André Rieu (1949) - violinist, conductor and composer Fred Rompelberg (1945) - cyclist, current holder of the World Speed Record Cycling Henri Sarolea (1844–1900) - railway entrepreneur and contractor Hubert Soudant (1946) - conductor Victor de Stuers (1843-1916) - politician, monument conservationist Jac. P. Thijsse (1865-1945) - botanist, conservationist Frans Timmermans (1961) - politician Johann Friedrich August Tischbein (1750–1812) - portrait painter Maxime Verhagen (1956) - politician Hubert Vos (1855–1935) - painter Ad Wijnands (1959) - cyclist, Tour de France stage winner Jeroen Willems (1962-2012) - actor, singer Henri Winkelman (1876–1952) - general Danny Wintjens (1983) - football goalkeeper Boudewijn Zenden (1976) - football player Kim Zwarts (1955) - photographer Originating from elsewhere Willy Brokamp Jo Bonfrere (1946) - football player Willy Brokamp (1946) - football player Jeroen Brouwers (1940) - writer, journalist Gondulph of Maastricht (c. 524 – c. 607) - bishop, saint Theo Hiddema (1944) - lawyer Willem Hofhuizen (1915-1986) - painter Monulph of Maastricht (6th century) - bishop, saint Max Moszkowicz (1926) - lawyer Servatius of Maastricht (4th century - 384?) - bishop, saint Aert van Tricht (15th/16th century) - metal caster Henric van Veldeke (12th century) - poet, hagiographer Local anthem In 2002 the municipal government officially adopted a local anthem (Limburgish (Maastrichtian variant): Mestreechs Volksleed, Dutch: Maastrichts Volkslied) composed of lyrics in Maastrichtian. The theme was originally written by Alfons Olterdissen (1865–1923) as finishing stanza of the Maastrichtian opera "Trijn de Begijn" of 1910.[38] Hoera! Vivat! Mestreech!!! Jao diech höbs us aon 't hart gelege, Mestreech, door alle ieuwe heer. Veer bleve diech altied genege En deilde dreufheid en plezeer. Veer huurde nao dien aw histories Te peerd op grampeer ziene sjoet. Ues ouge blónke bij dien glories · Of perelde bij diene noet. En dee vaan diech 't sjoens wèlt prijze, In taol, die al wie zinge klink, Dat dee op nui Mestreechter wijze Zien aajd Mestreech mèt us bezingk. Me zong vaan diech ten alle tije, Eus mojers zonge bij de weeg, En voolte veer us rech tevreie Daan zong ze e leedsje vaan Mestreech. Doe, blom vaan Nederlands landouwe, Gegreujd op 't graaf vaan Sintervaos, Bis weerdig dobbel te besjouwe, Gespiegeld in de blanke Maos. 'n Staar, De witste oet de klaore, Besjijnt diech mèt häör straole zach En, um diech zuver te bewaore, 'nen Ingel hèlt bij diech de wach. Wie dèks woorste neet priesgegeve, Mèh heels dien kroen toch opgeriech En ongeknak bis te gebleve, Door euze band vaan trouw aon diech. Daorum de hand us tòwgestoke, 't Oug geriech op 't stareleech; En weur dat oug daan ins gebroke, Daan beidt veur us het aajd Mestreech. Meuse River Saint Servatius Bridge Dinghuis Mosae Forum Saint Servatius Basilica Onze-Lieve-Vrouweplein Basilica of Our Lady Lang Grachtje Helpoort ("Hell's Gate") Pater Vink Tower Bastion Haet ende Nijt Jeker river Bassin harbour Saint Lambert Church Wyck, train station Wyck, Stationsplein Hoeg Brögk, Céramique Charles Eyckpark Siza's Tower Fortress Sint Pieter View from Slavante Castle ruin Lichtenberg Huis de Torentjes Château Neercanne View on Cannerberg Vrijthof square, early morning Panorama from Saint Servatius Bridge over Meuse river Jewish inhabitants of Maastricht ^ "Dhr. Onno Hoes" [Mr. Onno Hoes] (in Dutch). Gemeente Maastricht. Retrieved 12 October 2013. ^ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten" [Key figures for neighbourhoods]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). ^ "Postcodetool for 6211DW". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 12 October 2013. ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). ^ "Stadsgewesten en stedelijke agglomeraties Nederland 2011". Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. 2011. Retrieved 2013-10-13. ^ "Zicht op Maastricht". zichtopmaastricht.nl. Retrieved 2012-08-19. ^ "VVV Maastricht". Vvv-maastricht.eu. Retrieved 2012-05-23. ^ Sponsored by (2011-10-08). "The Economist ''Charlemagne: Return to Maastricht'' Oct 8th 2011". Economist.com. Retrieved 2012-05-23. ^ March 29th 2012Is Brighton the next MaastrichtBBC News ^ MAETN (1999). "diktyo". classic-web.archive.org. Retrieved 19 May 2011. ^ Gussenhoven, C. & Aarts, F. (1999). "The dialect of Maastricht". University of Nijmegen, Centre for Language Studies. Retrieved 2009-07-12. ^ Kessels-van der Heijde, Maria (2002). Maastricht, Maestricht, Mestreech. Hilversum, Netherlands: Uitgeverij Verloren. pp. 11–12. Retrieved 11 February 2012. ^ Gnesotto, N. (1992). European union after Minsk and Maastricht. International Affairs. 68(2), 223-232. ^ MaastrichtVan onze verslaggever. "Coffee Corner: Dagblad de Limburger". Limburger.nl. Retrieved 2012-05-23. ^ "KNMI 1947: de zomer van de 20e eeuw". Knmi.nl. 2001-08-22. Retrieved 2013-03-26. ^ "Klimaattabel Maastricht, langjarige gemiddelden, tijdvak 1981–2010" (in Dutch). ^ "Klimaattabel Maastricht, langjarige extremen, tijdvak 1971–2000" (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2013. ^ "Entre Deux". Entredeux.nl. Retrieved 2012-05-23. ^ "Top shelves". London: The Guardian. 2008-03-03. Retrieved 2012-05-23. ^ a b Jansen, J.C.G.M. (1986). "Maastricht tussen 1813 en 1850" (PDF). BMCN 101 (4): 529–550. Retrieved February 10, 2012. ^ a b c d e f Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per jaar". Retrieved 17 December 2012. ^ Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand". Retrieved 12 April 2013. ^ a b Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. "Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, nationaliteit en regio, 1 januari". Retrieved 9 April 2013. ^ a b c d Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. "Bevolking op 1 januari; leeftijd, geboorteland en regio". Retrieved 17 December 2012. ^ Article in a Dutch paper about the political impact of mayor Onno Hoes' personal demeanour. ^ Cannabis Cafes Get Nudge to Fringes of a Dutch City, The New York Times, 20 August 2006. ^ "Marc Michel Josemans v. Burgemeester van Maastricht, case C‑137/09". Court of Justice of the European Union. December 16, 2010. ^ "Eindhoven joins opposition to cannabis pass system". Dutchnews.nl. February 9, 2011. ^ A2maastricht.nl ^ MaastrichtVan onze verslaggever. "Tramlijn: Dagblad de Limburger". Limburger.nl. Retrieved 2012-05-23. ^ Tramverbinding tussen Nederland en België (Dutch) ^ Derek Blyth. "Hasselt to Maastricht high-speed tram link by 2018". flanderstoday.eu. Retrieved 2014-03-27. ^ Municipality of Maastricht (2008). "Municipality of Maastricht: Maastrichts Volkslied". N.A. Maastricht. Retrieved 2009-08-05. Maastricht in Roman times Webpage about Maastricht fortifications Webpage about the 1673 siege Lanaken (BE-VLI) Riemst (BE-VLI) Visé (BE-WLG) Eijsden-Margraten Neighbouring villages The (outlying areas of the) following villages are bordering the municipality of Maastricht directly, which means among others that in many a case a considerable number of their inhabitants is originating from Maastricht. Clockwise from north to northwest: Neerharen (B), Bunde, Meerssen, Berg en Terblijt, Bemelen, Cadier en Keer, Gronsveld, Oost, Ternaaien (B), Kanne (B), Vroenhoven (B), Kesselt (B), Veldwezelt (B), Lanaken (B). ("(B)" = Situated in Belgium) Maastricht and related topics Limburgish language (Maastrichtian variant) Sjeng The European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF) European Model United Nations (EuroMUN) Jan van Eyck Academie Maastricht University (incl. University College Maastricht) Zuyd University of Applied Sciences (incl. Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts Maastricht Academy of Fine Arts Maastricht Academy of Music Maastricht School of Hotel Management First Siege (1579) Capture of Maastricht (1632) Second Siege (1673) Third Siege (1748) Département de Meuse-Inférieure (1795-1814) Battle of Maastricht (1940) Geology & Hydrology Juliana Canal Maastrichtian (geological period) Mount Saint Peter Region / Urban area South Limburg Lanaken (B) Riemst (B) (Kanne) Visé (B) Wyck-Céramique Historical mayors (current mayor) Onno Hoes (VVD) (2010-) Maastricht Treaty (1992) Amstel Gold Race (cycling) Maastricht Wildcats (American football) MVV (football) A2 motorway Hasselt – Maastricht tramway (opening in 2017) Maastricht Aachen Airport (shared with Aachen, Germany) Maastricht railway station Maastricht Noord railway station Maastricht Randwyck railway station capital of the Province of Limburg, Netherlands Municipalities of Limburg Onderbanken Roerdalen Capital cities of the Kingdom of the Netherlands National capital: Amsterdam Seat of government: The Hague Constituent countries: Provinces of the Netherlands: Public bodies of the Netherlands: Willemstad, Curaçao Philipsburg, Sint Maarten Assen, Drenthe Leeuwarden, Friesland Arnhem, Gelderland Groningen, Groningen Maastricht, Limburg 's-Hertogenbosch, North Brabant Haarlem, North Holland The Hague, South Holland Middelburg, Zeeland Kralendijk, Bonaire The Bottom, Saba Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius See also: List of cities in the Netherlands by province Argos (Greece) Béziers (France) Cádiz (Spain) Colchester (UK) Cork (Ireland) Évora (Portugal) Maastricht (Netherlands) Roskilde (Denmark) Tongeren (Belgium) Worms (Germany) Articles containing Limburgish-language text Articles containing Dutch-language text CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl) Articles with Dutch-language external links Cities in the Netherlands Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands) Provincial capitals of the Netherlands University towns in the Netherlands Belgium–Netherlands border crossings Brussels, Andorra, United Kingdom, Canada, Wallonia Amsterdam, Belgium, Germany, United Kingdom, European Union Berlin, North Rhine-Westphalia, Hamburg, France, United Kingdom Berlin, United Kingdom, Netherlands, London, Paris Isle of Man, India, Canada, European Union, British Overseas Territories Mosan art Maastricht, Liège, Aachen Cathedral, Paris, Huy Limburg (Netherlands) Maastricht, Provinces of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany Wiel Arets Architects Amsterdam, Maastricht, Zürich, Architecture, Rotterdam Computer Olympiad London, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Maastricht, Japan Meuse (river) France, Netherlands, Belgium, Liège, Maastricht	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2800
__label__wiki	0.810112	0.810112	Twenty Years After Brexit: How the Northern Confederation Came Into Being The last twenty years have been dramatic in the history of the fifty-two countries which make up today’s Northern Confederation. Looking back, the European Union, founded after 1945 by its US puppet-masters and based on a West Germany kept united in order to contain the Soviet Union, was a clear example of the arrogance and hubris of over-reach. And that hubris was caused by the EU elite’s total lack of contact with the real world. Today’s Confederation of Nations, a friendly group of free and sovereign nation-states based on the will of their independent peoples, is everything that the EU, a Fascist Customs Union, based on elitist tyranny, failed to be. The real EU disasters began after the fall of the old Soviet Union at the end of 1991, which was deliberately timed to coincide with the US-imposed Maastricht Treaty and foundation of a ‘European Union’. This promised an absurd and much-feared Federal United States of Europe. There followed the launch of the euro and the imperialistic absorption and then rape and impoverishment of Eastern Europe. Then came the failure to deal with the rejection of the international EU elitist dictatorship by the British and European masses. Next were the catastrophes in the Ukraine and the Western Balkans, where the EU had bloodily meddled under US misguidance. This all meant that the EU had signed its own suicide-warrant. After the UK voted to leave the EU twenty years ago today, followed by Eire, it broke apart. England, Scotland, Wales and the newly united Ireland, found themselves freed of EU tyranny. Such was their success as sovereign and free-trading nations that in 2025 ‘The Four’, as they were called were joined by other non-EU countries, then freedom-loving Scandinavia and their dependent Baltic countries, once they had freed themselves from US dictators. Thus, Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Switzerland and Liechtenstein, all joined what at once became known by the providential name of ‘The Northern Confederation’, making fourteen members in all and creating vengeful panic among the EU gerontocrats. Seeing its success and tired of Brussels meddling in their internal affairs, within three years freedom-loving Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Lands, Austria and Slovenia had joined them, making nineteen members. However, the turning-point came a year later in 2029, when they were joined by the Russian Empire under Tsar Nicholas III, and its dependent Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Moldova, Georgia and Malorossia, all non-EU countries. (Malorossia had been formed from the old Ukraine, which had collapsed in chaos and corruption, most of its territory happily returning to the Russian Federation and the extreme, and extremist, western tip unhappily returning to Poland, leaving a small central part around Kiev to form the new nation). In 2030 these twenty-six were followed by Luxembourg, Malta, Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria and Romania, making thirty-two nations. The EU had by now collapsed in acrimony and bankruptcy, with race riots breaking out among its few remaining members amid the panic of the ruling elite which had lost control and, indeed, all sense of reality. Some of its members eventually managed to escape and two years later the Northern Confederation was joined by Portugal, Spain, newly-independent Catalonia, Andorra, Serbia in its new borders with its reunited territories, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Italy and San Marino, making forty-two members. Three years later, in 2034, these were joined by the last old EU countries, at last admitting how wrong their former elites and their EU-controlled media had been. The delay in their joining had been caused by their enormous political problems, with Fascist minorities, immigrants and border issues to resolve. These countries were Poland, Croatia, the Netherlands – in its restored borders with what had been northern Belgium – newly-independent Brittany, and France with former southern Belgium now an integral part. Six months later these were followed by Bavaria (all six southern states of the old Germany) and Saxony (all seven northern states of the old Germany). Now with forty-nine members and stretching from the Pacific to the Atlantic, from Vladivostok to Rejkjavik, most observers thought that the Northern Confederation was complete, the old EU a dead nightmare. However, in January 2036, the forty-nine nation-states were joined by Canada and the newly-independent Alaska and New England (which had both freed themselves from the former USA, which had disunited and imploded in bankruptcy), making a true and continuous Northern Confederation. This made fifty-two independent but friendly sovereign nations, co-operating politically and economically, in effect uniting the northern quarter of the planet. This leaves the world with four other stable groups of nations, or blocs – China with Mongolia, Tibet and reunited Korea, Christian (Sub-Saharan) Africa, Oceania (Australasia) and Latin America. These four blocs are now in relatively healthy situations. However, the remnants of the debt-ridden USA are in chaos. In bankrupt Japan, south-eastern Asia, the Indian Subcontinent and the stans, and in most of the Muslim world of North Africa and the Middle East there are also grave problems. Thus, the Northern Confederation leads the way. And all because of England’s historic vote for freedom exactly twenty years ago…. This entry was posted in Brexit, Faction and tagged Confederation on August 23, 2018 by Father Andrew.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2804
__label__cc	0.540724	0.459276	Reporter’s Notebook: Conn. Priest Shows How to Earn the Trust of an Immigrant Community August 28, 2009 / 3 comments / 1863 views FI2W reporter Aswini Anburajan produced a radio piece for NPR’s Latino USA on Father James Manship, a Roman Catholic priest in New Haven, Conn., who teaches his immigrant parishioners how to stand up for their civil rights, and who has been in the news in the past for being arrested in a confrontation with local police officers. Here, Aswini narrates how she managed to produce the piece, which aired on Latino USA and which you can listen to below. [audio:http://latinousa.kut.org/wp-content/lusaaudio/856seg01.mp3] By Aswini Anburajan, FI2W contributor If you think that ethnic reporting isn’t critical to knowing a community, read on. This is the first piece I’ve done for Feet in 2 Worlds that hasn’t been on Indian Americans. The basis of FI2W is to get reporters to write about their own communities, but even I didn’t realize why this is so important until I delved into a project for Latino USA. My piece was originally supposed to be on the economic life of a day laborer or someone new to the country, undocumented and trying to establish a life in the U.S. That piece remains undone. Being an Indian American with some high school Spanish under my belt, I thought it would be a cake walk. Call some social service agencies, reach out to immigrant coalitions, and I could “break in.” Manship in 2008 visited with family and friends of his Connecticut parishioners, in the province of Morena Santiago, in the rainforest regions of Ecuador. (Photo: Courtesy J. Manship - Click for more images) Four months later, I had to think again. Without truly knowing a community, or having cultural or language associations with them, I found it impossible to get through and talk to individuals who were undocumented. It wasn’t that every door I knock on was slammed in my face. Most of the time, people pretended they weren’t home. This ranged from individuals I knew with ties to the Latino community to social service agencies. I was reminded of the New York Times reporter, Andrea Elliottt, who had joked about her 2007 Pulitzer Prize winning series on “An Imam in America” that she was on the, “No-one-will-talk-to-me beat.” As an outsider, building trust in a community is difficult, and this is why the story of Father James Manship is so remarkable. Raised in a comfortable middle class family, he has the trust of individuals who live in fear, on the margins of society because of their immigration status and unfamiliarity with the new country they live in. I met Father Manship because I was desperate for a lead for my story on the economic lives of new immigrants. I pleaded with him on the phone that I needed a break, and he took pity on me. I went to St. Rose of Lima Church in early February, and received stares of bewilderment from the congregants as I held my microphone in the air to capture the sound of their singing. Towards the end of the service, someone came and whispered in my ear. The Father was going to introduce me. I went up to the front and stood nervously behind the towering six foot priest, who spoke in Spanish that I half understood. He basically said, “This girl’s okay. Talk to her.” At the end of the mass, eight people crowded into a room at the parish house to tell me about their lives. They were undocumented, struggling, and their stories where painful to hear. But what I took with me as I left the interview two hours later was that the common bond holding them together was the St. Rose Church and Father Manship. In Tetlanohcan, in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico, in 2009, the mayor presented Manship with the key to the town. (Photo: Courtesy J. Manship) We changed our story to write about the man who had become a figure of respect, trust, and activism for a community that felt hidden, ostracized and powerless. As a reporter, I could relate to Father Manship learning to navigate the differences between himself and his congregants, and admire the trust they placed in him. The events that unfolded with Father Manship after we did our story reaffirmed for me that I’d picked the right story. And like a good reporter, I had built trust within this community and with the subject, which allowed me to go in-depth in a way that many news outlets that covered the events at St. Rose this past winter and spring could not. Immigration News Latino Radio Aswini Anburajan Aswini Anburajan's audio archive ethnic media Father James Manship Immigrants in Connecticut Indian Americans Latino USA Latinos in Connecticut media Radio pieces on immigrants in the city Radio pieces on immigration enforcement Undocumented immigrants About Ashwini Anburajan Ashwini Anburajan is Founder and CEO of a Social Data Collective, a private data marketplace that allows consumers to access, control and monetize their data. Social Data Collective allows consumers to trade data from a variety of sources for high quality products and services offered by brand partners. She was previously Director of Partner Development at Buzzfeed, and at Outcast prior to that. She has created cutting edge thought leadership and has advised some of the largest names in media on their social publishing strategy, including USA Today, New York Times, Hearst and CondeNast. View all posts by Ashwini Anburajan → New York Immigrant Advocates Launch Campaign to End ICE’s Presence in Local Jails Drama About Immigration Raids and their Human Consequences in Arizona Is No Fiction for Many Podcast: Finding Joy – A Story of Escape from Domestic Abuse	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2805
__label__wiki	0.939733	0.939733	Videos Chevron Right Is Selena Gomez's New Song About Justin Bieber? Twitters think so, so it must be true. By Christopher Luu Updated Oct 22, 2019 @ 11:00 pm Selena Gomez teased her latest track, "Lose You To Love Me," with a serial-killer style collage on a brick wall. While the visual is striking enough, the lyrics that go along with the song are leading some fans to believe that it's about her ex, Justin Bieber. Gomez and the newly married Biebs have a long (very long) history together, so it's not surprising that she'd draw from that well for some soul-searching tunes. "Sang off key in my chorus 'cause it wasn’t yours," Gomez sings in the song. Twitter users didn't wait long to speculate who she had to lose to love herself. "Looking forward to hearing Selena Gomez’ [sic] new song. Based on the title 'Lose you to love me' I'm pretty sure this song is about Justin Bieber," one follower commented on the clip. RELATED: Selena Gomez's Metallic Suit Is the Perfect Party Outfit Another fan tweeted: "Justin Bieber stans crying because Selena Gomez’s new song might be about him. But his whole discography is about her, he is still googling her name to see her outfit and even his own wife is obsessed with her so stfu. He might get exposed and y'all are scared." RELATED: Selena Gomez Just Debuted Another New Dramatic Hairstyle Sources close to Gomez confirmed that the new song is about her famous ex and that fans can expect more songs about the duo's troubled relationship in the days to come. Gomez hasn't released any further information on her album, but knowing her fans, the dots between lyrics and heartbreak will get connected pretty quickly. If there's a reference or mention of Bieber in any of her new material, eagle-eyed fans are sure to find them just like they did with "Lose You To Love Me." Bieber and Gomez dated in 2011 and 2012 before breaking up. They got back together in 2014 for a few months and then reconnected in 2017. That's a lot of on-and-off time and plenty of heartache to pull inspiration from. With Gomez's past releases reaching such mass appeal, expect the song of the fall to hit your headphones in the coming days.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2807
__label__cc	0.617948	0.382052	The Marsh Family Created: February 2017 \| Updated: February 2017 This article uses material from the The Marsh Family article on the Lovecraft wiki at Fandom and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License. The first individual of distinction in this family was Captain Obed Marsh of Innsmouth. Like most of the residents of Innsmouth he was forced to interbred with the Deep Ones, Pth’thya-l’yi. This Deep One ancestry means his descendents will gradually mutate into potentially immortal amphibious humanoids. They had three children, two of whom disappeared under mysterious circumstances. The third, an unnamed daughter, was from an early age educated in France and never knew the dark truth of her conception. The only hint to her ancestry was that her eyes greatly resembled those of the infamous Obed Marsh. Just after the Civil War she married Benjimin Orne and they lived together in Arkham. The two had only one child, a daughter. She at some point moved to Toledo, married and had three children. Two of her children appeared normal, as their father. Douglas however shared his mother's unsettling appearance. He would eventually shoot himself in the head after learning the history of his family. Shortly afterword the mother disappeared, presumably returning to the undersea city of Y'ha-nthlei.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2810
__label__wiki	0.851339	0.851339	alba marina escobar She was born and died in Valladolid, Spain. Medellín, Columbia. Pablo didn’t set aside an inheritance for his son or daughter, that’s why they don’t have their own category. Image is in the public domain via Wikimedia.com. Juan Pablo Escobar writes, after his father’s death, his aunt Alba Marina Escobar stole the hidden money Pablo Escobar had left in his secret stashes. He kept all the information in his head and relayed the location of the funds to whoever needed to know. Following the outline of this Quora contributor, we’re going to divide the assets into categories to make the information easier to understand: 1. They probably felt like they were owed a severance payment from their late boss. At the time of his death, "El Patron" controlled $30 billion in assets, by some estimates. What else do you think could’ve happened to Pablo Escobar’s money after he died? However, only two were privy to his money during his life and after he died: Roberto Escobar and Alba Marina Escobar. The notion that El Patron left billions in cash lying around the Colombian jungle might just be another exaggeration in the myth of Medellin. With this amount of money attributed to his name and his cartel, he made Forbes’ annual list of “World’s Richest People” seven years in a row. Is the New 007 Keeping Cinema Historically Accurate? Have you found some juicy information we didn’t? Category Four: Lost assets that happened to get lost in the transition of gaining the money and spending or hiding it. And as a quid pro quo for his services, Pablo funneled millions of dollars to his campaign. People who worked for Pablo but didn’t move over to Cali might have also taken a large chunk of category two assets. Finally, I wrote a letter to Fatty authorizing my aunt to remove the boxes of money. Juan Pablo has his own theories. I’d never dared to doubt her, since on several occasions I’d noticed that she was loyal to my father. There- fore, we had to manage it carefully. Our financial predicament became more dire in mid-December, when the hotel sent us the first bill for lodging and food, which, to our surprise, also included the tab for the government’s security team. Shots fired, no pun intended. Mystery abounds. Unfortunately, however, she reported that there was hardly any money left when she returned. One night during our period of suffocating confinement in the blue house, my father decided to take stock of his finances. By Steve Murphy djibnet.com, copied from flickrp. Note: Your privacy is important to us, so please know that your information will always remain confidential! He was a subject of the award-winning documentary Sins of My Father and lives in Argentina. Then, of course, the Cali cartel and Los PEPES demanded their own payments for their involvement in taking down the kingpin. However, this became too expensive, especially after the guards charged their own purchases to the family. The New York Times reports that one controversial campaign Pablo supported belonged to Colombian President, Ernesto Samper. I had even poked around for them in the electrical outlets, but in doing so I’d caused a short circuit that had knocked out the electricity to the whole floor. He seems to love the limelight and the opportunities that being Pablo Escobar’s son has afforded him. Wonderful. Understandable. We don’t have anyone else we can ask, and there’s no way we can go.”. He claims that his aunt, Alba Marina Escobar, stole money hidden in several of these decentralized stash houses. Roberto Escobar actually wrote a book, titled “The Accountant’s Story: Inside the Violent World of the Medellin Cartel,” which outlined all the places Pablo’s money went during his reign. Conflicting accounts suggest that, by the time of his death, Escobar's fortune might have been badly depleted from the constant wars he fought against law enforcement and rival cartels. I had searched for them many times, dismantling lamps, telephones, furniture, and all sorts of other objects. My father was dead, and we had no one to turn to for help. And though the Argentinian government initially attacked the Escobars with unfounded charges, they now live pretty quiet lives. He showed me the boxes where cash was hidden and said that, apart from him and now me, the only other person who knew about them was his man “Fatty.” Then he added that my mother and sister and, most of all, his siblings must never learn that secret. He built houses, stadiums, schools, hospitals and even paid people’s medical bills. At the same time, our lack of money started to cause problems for us almost immediately. Category One: Liquid assets like cash, cars, houses, clothes, etc. 2. Ex-members of the Medellin cartel who turned to Cali after Pablo’s death told them where to find a lot of the money. Without Pablo and the Medellin cartel to keep them safe, they bought out an entire hotel floor so no one could sneak up on them. 4. He also points the finger at his brother, Roberto, for cutting a deal with the DEA to pen a book. stole money hidden in several of these decentralized stash houses. I decided to whisper my secret in her ear. It includes Type C money that the government could trace to Pablo or people who were in Pablo’s main team. At its height, the Medellin Cartel under Escobar was responsible for 80% of the world's cocaine traffic. According to Ati, Pablo’s wealth peaked at 30 billion dollars. Medellin Cartel founder and Cocaine King of Colombia, Pablo Escobar, was by some accounts the wealthiest criminal in history. Once my account was over, I got right to the point: “Auntie, would you be willing to go to Medellín to get the money that’s stashed in those two hiding places? Search Bloc members with the body of Pablo Escobar, killed in a shootout after a 17 month intensive search. He also explains in the CNN article that both groups then stole most of the category two assets for themselves. Also, there was no huge lump sum that Pablo Escobar saved for his family. In his book, Roberto also explains that millions of dollars would go toward Pablo Escobar’s Robin Hood image. Pablo hid a lot of his cash in jungles or secret compartments. Normally, you'd expect that kind of generational wealth to pass down to a few hand-selected heirs apparent, but you can't exactly write a mountain of drug money into a legal will. But of course, a man with this much money had to have someone who could keep up with all its movements. Some of the liquid assets were ultimately seized by the law, but the hard assets and hidden cash remain largely unaccounted for. I needed her to retrieve an unknown amount of cash that my father had hidden in two stashes at the property we called “the blue house.” It was time to go get it so we could have a bit of financial breathing room. Since the family was low on funds, Sebastián asked his aunt, Alba Marina Escobar, to go to a secret hiding place that held six million dollars. Son of the infamous leader of the Medellín cartel, Pablo Escobar, Juan Pablo Escobar is an architect, lecturer, drug policy reform advocate, and writer. As I moved to a seat next to her, I remembered that the apartment we were staying in was still being monitored by the authorities, who had not only bugged our phones but probably also installed microphones throughout the place. He also told me that a while back he’d sent six million dollars to his brother Roberto: three for Roberto’s expenses while in prison and the other three for him to keep for us in case we needed it. Juan Pablo Escobar, who was 16 at the time of his father's assassination, took particular exception with a Forbes article pegging the surviving Medellin fortune north of $3 billion. No one created a map. In “The Accountant’s Story,” Roberto explains that, unsurprisingly, a lot of Pablo’s money went to public officials. Then the government filled the hotel with guards to protect them from Pablo’s enemies. Unfortunately, however, she reported that there was hardly any money left when she returned. In addition to our deep sorrow at what had happened to my father, being surrounded by secret agents and dozens of journalists lying in wait indicated that our confinement in that hotel in downtown Bogotá was going to be tumultuous. When everybody was sleeping, he took me to two different hiding places he’d had built in the house. According to my father, the two caches had enough money to win the war and get us back on our feet. He is the author of PABLO ESCOBAR: MY FATHER. Alba Marina Escobar's nieces and nephews: Alba Marina Escobar's nephew is Nicolas Escobar Urquijo Alba Marina Escobar's nephew is Leonardo Escobar Alba Marina Escobar's niece is Mary Luz Escobar Alba Marina Escobar's niece is Sarah Escobar Alba Marina Escobar's nephew is Juan Escobar Sebastian Marroquin Alba Marina Escobar's niece is Manuela Escobar Alba Marina had a reputation for being tough, and she immediately agreed. Which Queen of Halloween Are You Based on Your Zodiac Sign? Juan Pablo wrote that his uncle Roberto also betrayed the family and made a deal with the DEA, which consisted of writing a book in which he falsely claimed that his brother had donated $1 million to former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori’s campaign and sustained a close relationship with his chief intelligence officer Vladimiro Montesinos. Then I told her. A flood of questions remained after the money’s disappearance, but we had to keep quiet because we didn’t have a way to contest Alba Marina version of events. That’s no surprise, though, considering his weekly income has reached a whopping $420 million. This is the same man who could easily burn $2 million without blinking to keep his daughter warm, bury tons of cash in the jungle and casually write off 10 percent of all funds due to “spoilage” (aka rats ate it). According to XPAT Nation, they lived a middle-class life type in Bueno Aires. My first thought was that something had gone wrong. We thank Forbes to the blackmailing kidnaps of several relatives — I escaped myself from some ten kidnap attempts — all "thanks" to the "news" that my father "had" three billion dollars. As part of their agreement with the Medellin’s rival factions, the Escobars moved from country to country. “I won’t be intimidated. We discussed the matter for a long time, and the compassion and generosity that Alba Marina exhibited made me think that she was the right person to help. Apparently, the Medellin cartel would spend $2,500 on rubber bands alone to hold his money together. Image is in the public domain via Wikimedia.com. This vast narcotics enterprise netted its founder a cool $420 million in revenue every week. Apparently, the president would meet with traffickers to shorten their sentences. What happened to Pablo Escobar's money after he died? However, that’s a fantasy, people. After my father’s funeral, we realized that the peace we’d been seeking after my father’s death was fleeting and that very soon we’d be plunged into the hectic daily existence that awaited us. By providing the information below you will receive early-bird invitations to our events, exclusive musings tailored to your interests, and access to our curated mentorship program. When you die, you can't take the money with you. He was a man who helped the people. I’ll go after that money wherever it is,”she said firmly. As for what happened to the money to the rest of his billions? He claims that his aunt, Alba Marina Escobar, stole money hidden in several of these decentralized stash houses. Dragon Ball Fighterz Tier List Reddit, 1992 Camaro Rs For Sale - Craigslist, 30 Grams To Cups, Vizio E70-f3 Hdmi, Mongoose Impasse 650b, Uc6 Suv Vs Primacy Suv, 1992 Chevy Silverado Digital Dash, La Jolla High School Registration,	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2814
__label__cc	0.522098	0.477902	How did you hear about our island? My dear friend Khya recently traveled to Bonaire, the lovely island in the Lesser Antilles--the Netherlands Antilles to be exact--off the coast of Venezuela. Not only did he marvel at the climate and topgraphy--desertlike, not tropical--he mentioned the curious linguistic tendencies on the island. The population of Bonaire is approximately 14,000. There are three official languages. Dutch, Papiamentu and English. English did not become an official language until 2007--and that was only to increase tourism, really. English is not used in official documents. Most widely spoken are English and Spanish--even though Spanish is not even an official language. Khya and I suspect this is because of the island's proximity to Venezuela. How did this come to be? In 1499, Bonaire was discovered by the Portuguese. In the 152os, the Spanish took over. In the 1630s, the Dutch took over. In the early 1800s, the Brits took over. During World War II, the U.K. and the U.S. protected Bonaire and stationed troops there. Point being, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and English eventually all melted together to form Papiamentu. Khya said it sounded most like Spanish but looked more like Portuguese. He detected no French. (: We had never heard of this curious Papiamentu. It is apparently also spoken in Aruba and Curacao. (Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao are nicknamed "The ABC Islands.") The natives of these islands, before they were discovered, spoke Arawak. Apparently, there are nationalistic divides over how much African influence Papiamento speakers claim. Officially, Papiamentu is a creole mix of Portuguese, Spanish, English, Dutch, and the native Arawak and African languages. It might even have some Italian up in there. Why not? Of course, the language developed as a mix of communication between the Europeans settling and the natives being taken as slaves. Those who ascribe to the theory of heavy African influence attribute it to the Afro-Portuguese creoles who settled in the ABC Islands after having been moved from African trading post islands. What weighs in favor of this theory is that creoles in Cape Verde can understand Papiamentu. (In Cape Verde, they speak Portuguese and Cape Verdian Creole.) And of course, there are dialects within Papiamentu as well. Two main ones. Arubian PapiamentO sounds more like Spanish. Words are more likely to end in "o" and have "c"s. In Bonaire and Curacao, PapiamentU sounds more like Portuguese, with words ending in "u" (note of course, the difference in the spelling of the language name itself) and having "k"s in them. Both Papiamento and Papiamentu have distinctly Spanish dipthonigization and /b/ instead of /v/ sounds--which is characteristic of both Spanish and Portuguese. Spelling seems to vary by dialect as well, where Papiamentu is more phonetic, Papiamento is more etymological. THE MORAL OF THE STORY IS you could show up and speak just about anything to these people that isn't an Asian language, and they'd probably understand you just fine. Labels: african, dutch, english, french, papiamentu, portuguese, spanish Sneeeeze Opposite Prepositions The sin of Onan Blagging Andrew never lets me down. boo! boo hoo?	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2816
__label__wiki	0.796983	0.796983	I-0.1 - Act respecting municipal industrial immovables Regulation 0 Updated to 1 September 2020 chapter I-0.1 Act respecting municipal industrial immovables MUNICIPAL INDUSTRIAL IMMOVABLES06June 12 198406June 12 1984 1. Expenditures incurred for the purposes of this Act and financed otherwise than under a loan by-law of a local municipality shall not exceed, during a fiscal year, an amount which the municipality fixes each year by by-law. The by-law may allocate the amount according to categories that it determines among the activities provided for in this Act. Except in the case of the city of Québec, the by-law shall be submitted for approval to the qualified voters if the amount fixed therein accounts for more than 1% of the expenditures provided for in the budget of the municipality for the fiscal year concerned. Such approval must be sought for every by-law which causes the amount fixed in accordance with this section to exceed the limit that applies under the third paragraph or which increases an amount fixed under a by-law having received such approval. 1984, c. 10, s. 1; 1984, c. 36, s. 44; 1988, c. 33, s. 6; 1988, c. 41, s. 89; 1989, c. 60, s. 1; 1994, c. 16, s. 51; 1994, c. 34, s. 1. 2. A local municipality may, by by-law, order the acquisition of immovables for industrial purposes, by agreement or expropriation, or the construction, conversion or operation of a building as an industrial rental building. A local municipality may also use in accordance with this Act an immovable acquired by the local municipality otherwise than under a by-law adopted under the first paragraph. The amount of the market value of the immovable on the date on which such use begins shall be considered to be an expenditure incurred on that date by the municipality and financed otherwise than under a loan by-law. 1984, c. 10, s. 2; 1984, c. 36, s. 44; 1988, c. 41, s. 89; 1989, c. 60, s. 2; 1994, c. 16, s. 51; 1994, c. 34, s. 2. 3. (Repealed). 1984, c. 10, s. 3; 1989, c. 60, s. 3; 1994, c. 34, s. 3. 4. In order to provide for expenditures incurred as a result of a by-law adopted under section 2, the municipality may, in the by-law, order a loan, allocate sums of money from its general fund, borrow money from its working fund, so long as the term of repayment does not exceed 10 years, or impose a special tax to be levied in the year following the date on which the by-law comes into force. 1984, c. 10, s. 4; 1989, c. 60, s. 4; 1994, c. 34, s. 4; 1999, c. 59, s. 36; 2005, c. 50, s. 72. 6. A local municipality may alienate for industrial, para-industrial or research purposes an immovable acquired, built or converted by the local municipality under this Act. The price for which an immovable is alienated must cover the cost of acquisition of the immovable and the expenses incurred in respect of the immovable for professional services. The cost of acquisition includes incidental expenses, if any, incurred for the financing of expenditures. However, where at the time of its alienation the immovable constitutes a unit of assessment entered on the property assessment roll of the municipality or part of such a unit whose value is entered on the roll separately, the price of alienation must be equal to or greater than the lesser of the total of the cost and expenses referred to in the second paragraph and the value of the immovable entered on the roll. The Minister of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy may authorize the alienation of an immovable for a lower price than the price provided for in the second or third paragraph. The resolution under which an immovable is alienated by a local municipality has effect only if it is accompanied with a certificate from the treasurer or secretary-treasurer, as the case may be, indicating the amount of the costs and expenses which must be covered by the price for which the immovable is alienated. Where it has acquired an immovable in whole or in part by expropriation, the municipality may, as long as the final expropriation indemnity has not been fixed, apply to the Minister of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy for authorization to alienate the immovable notwithstanding the application of the second, third, fourth and fifth paragraphs. If the Minister grants authorization, those paragraphs do not apply to the alienation. 1984, c. 10, s. 6; 1984, c. 36, s. 44; 1985, c. 27, s. 107; 1988, c. 41, s. 89; 1989, c. 60, s. 5; 1994, c. 16, s. 51; 1994, c. 34, s. 6; 1999, c. 43, s. 13; 2002, c. 37, s. 238; 2003, c. 19, s. 250; 2005, c. 28, s. 196; 2009, c. 26, s. 109. 6.0.1. (Repealed). 1994, c. 34, s. 6; 2002, c. 37, s. 239; 2006, c. 31, s. 103. 1994, c. 34, s. 6; 2006, c. 31, s. 103. 6.1. A local municipality may become surety for a non-profit body or grant a non-profit body a subsidy in order to assist in the operation of an industrial rental building. It may also, with the authorization of the Minister of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy, become surety for such a body or grant such a body a subsidy in order to assist in the construction of an industrial rental building or the conversion of a building into an industrial rental building. The amount for which the municipality becomes surety shall be considered, from the adoption of the resolution whereby it becomes surety, to be an expenditure incurred by the municipality and financed otherwise than under a loan by-law. Section 4, adapted as required, applies to provide for expenditures incurred as a result of a resolution adopted under the first paragraph. 1989, c. 60, s. 5; 1994, c. 16, s. 51; 1994, c. 34, s. 7; 1999, c. 59, s. 37; 2003, c. 19, s. 250; 2005, c. 28, s. 196; 2009, c. 26, s. 109. 7. A local municipality may lease, for industrial, para-industrial or research purposes, an immovable acquired, built or converted by it under this Act. The term of a lease relating to premises in an industrial rental building shall not exceed three years. The municipality may, at the expiry of the first lease, grant a further lease to the same person for a term not exceeding three years. 1984, c. 10, s. 7; 1985, c. 27, s. 108; 1989, c. 60, s. 5; 1994, c. 16, s. 51; 1994, c. 34, s. 8. 1984, c. 10, s. 9; 1989, c. 60, s. 6. 10. The sums of money derived by a local municipality from the operation of an industrial rental building, or from the alienation or leasing of an immovable must, after deduction of the administration and maintenance costs relating to the operation of the industrial rental building or the leasing of the immovable, be used to discharge the engagements made by the municipality under this Act. If the sums of money exceed the total amount of the engagements, the surplus is paid into the general fund of the municipality. 11. The alienation or leasing of an immovable taken back by a local municipality following an alienation contemplated by this Act is subject to this Act. The first paragraph also applies where the municipality repurchases an immovable in the exercise of a right of preemption stipulated in the contract of alienation or where it acquires an immovable sold for failure to pay municipal or school taxes if, in each of such cases, the municipality had originally alienated the immovable for industrial, para-industrial or research purposes. 1984, c. 10, s. 11; 1989, c. 60, s. 8; 1994, c. 34, s. 11; 1999, c. 40, s. 146. 12. Where an immovable acquired, built or converted under this Act is unsuitable for industrial, para-industrial or research purposes, the local municipality may alienate the immovable for other purposes. The second, third and fourth paragraphs of section 6 apply to such an alienation. 1984, c. 10, s. 12; 1984, c. 36, s. 44; 1988, c. 41, s. 89; 1989, c. 60, s. 9; 1994, c. 16, s. 51; 1994, c. 34, s. 12. 13. A local municipality may use for municipal purposes an immovable acquired, built or converted under this Act. No contract may be made for the alienation or leasing of an immovable contemplated by this section except in accordance with this Act. 13.1. Local municipalities may enter into an agreement pertaining to the exercise of any power assigned to them under section 2, 6 or 7. The agreement may also pertain to the carrying out of work for the construction of municipal infrastructures or equipment to serve the immovables acquired under section 2 or used in a manner consistent with this Act. The provisions of the Act governing each municipality that concern intermunicipal agreements apply, with reference to sections 13.2 to 13.4, to the agreement referred to in this section. 1996, c. 27, s. 149. 13.2. The resolution authorizing the conclusion of the agreement must be approved by the qualified voters. The first paragraph does not apply to Ville de Québec. No agreement may be entered into unless all resolutions requiring the approval of the qualified voters are deemed to be approved by the qualified voters. 13.3. No agreement may provide for an operating procedure other than that of the intermunicipal board. 13.4. The agreement must set out, in addition to the information required under sections 468.3 and 468.10 of the Cities and Towns Act (chapter C-19) or articles 572 and 579 of the Municipal Code of Québec (chapter C-27.1), (1) rules governing the apportionment of revenues deriving from the alienation, operation or leasing of any immovable in excess of the revenues to be used to discharge the commitments under this Act; (2) rules governing the apportionment of monies received from property tax imposed by a municipality party to the agreement on the immovables alienated, operated or leased under this Act and from other taxes, compensations and tariffs imposed by any such municipality on persons who are the owners, lessees or occupants of such immovables; (3) the maximum amount of expenses to be borne by each municipality party to the agreement for the purposes of the objects referred to in the first paragraph of section 13.1 and to be financed otherwise than by a loan by-law. The agreement may provide that the rules made under subparagraph 2 of the first paragraph apply for a period that exceeds the term of the agreement. In such case, the rules continue to apply, notwithstanding the termination of the agreement, until the expiry of that period; sections 468.53 and 469 of the Cities and Towns Act and articles 622 and 623 of the Municipal Code of Québec shall apply, with the necessary modifications, where there is disagreement as to the application of those rules. Any expense exceeding the maximum amount referred to in subparagraph 3 of the first paragraph shall be financed by a loan by-law. 1996, c. 27, s. 149; 1999, c. 40, s. 146. 13.5. In addition to the provisions required for the achievement of the objects of the agreement, the board is deemed to be a local municipality for the purposes of sections 6.0.1 and 6.0.2, of the first paragraph of section 10 and of sections 11 and 12. However, sections 1 and 4 do not apply in respect of expenses incurred pursuant to the agreement by the board or by any of the municipalities that are parties thereto. In addition to the maximum term prescribed in the second paragraph of section 7, the board may not grant a lease under that section for a period exceeding the term of the agreement. 13.6. For the purposes of this Act, every act performed by the board pursuant to the agreement is deemed to be performed by the local municipality in whose territory the immovable in respect of which the act is performed is located. 13.7. Every municipality that is a party to the agreement may enter into an agreement with the owner of an immovable that is situated in its territory and that was acquired by the board, for the purpose of granting that owner a tax credit to compensate all or part of the difference between the amount of the tax, compensations and tariffs referred to in subparagraph 2 of the first paragraph of section 13.4 payable by the owner in respect of the immovable and the amount that he would have to pay were the immovable situated in the territory of another municipality that is a party to the agreement. The municipality may also enter into an agreement for such purposes with the lessee of an immovable situated in its territory and belonging to the board. The duration of the agreement under the first or second paragraph shall not exceed the period during which the rules referred to in subparagraph 2 of the first paragraph of section 13.4 are applicable. The agreement with the owner shall, however, cease to apply when the immovable is no longer used for industrial, para-industrial or research purposes and the agreement with the lessee shall cease to apply upon the expiry of the lease. 13.8. The municipalities entering into the agreement may provide therein, with the consent of a regional county municipality whose territory comprises one of theirs, that the regional county municipality shall act as the board. A certified true copy of the resolution whereby the regional county municipality consents to act as the board shall be attached to the copies of the resolutions whereby the municipalities authorize the making of the agreement, where they are transmitted to the Minister of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy with the agreement to be approved. Except for the adoption of the resolution whereby the regional county municipality consents to act as the board, only the representatives of the municipalities party to the agreement are entitled to participate in the proceedings and voting, at meetings of the council of the regional county municipality, on any matter relating to the application of the agreement. The rules governing any apportionment of votes between the representatives and the other rules regarding the decisions to be made by the council of the regional county municipality on any matter relating to the application of the agreement shall be provided for in the agreement. 1996, c. 27, s. 149; 1999, c. 43, s. 13; 2003, c. 19, s. 250; 2005, c. 28, s. 196; 2009, c. 26, s. 109. 14. (Amendment integrated into c. A-19.1, s. 126). 15. (Amendment integrated into c. C-37.3, ss. 116-117.1). 16. (Omitted). 17. Every immovable to which a provision replaced by this Act applies on 11 June 1984 is subject to this Act from 12 June 1984. No contract may be made for the alienation or leasing of an immovable which includes a building acquired for industrial purposes before 12 June 1984 except in accordance with this Act. 1984, c. 10, s. 17; 1989, c. 60, s. 10. 18. Every regulation or by-law in force or other act performed before 12 June 1984 under a provision replaced by this Act shall retain its effect, to the extent that it is not inconsistent with this Act, until its purpose is achieved. Such a regulation or by-law shall be regarded as a regulation or by-law adopted under this Act and may be amended, replaced or repealed in accordance with this Act. 19. The Minister of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy is responsible for the administration of this Act. 1984, c. 10, s. 19; 1999, c. 43, s. 13; 2003, c. 19, s. 250; 2005, c. 28, s. 196; 2009, c. 26, s. 109. 20. (This section ceased to have effect on 12 June 1989). 1984, c. 10, s. 20; U. K., 1982, c. 11, Sch. B, Part I, s. 33. REPEAL SCHEDULE In accordance with section 17 of the Act respecting the consolidation of the statutes and regulations (chapter R-3), chapter 10 of the statutes of 1984, in force on 1 July 1984, is repealed, except section 21, effective from the coming into force of chapter I-0.1 of the Revised Statutes.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2817
__label__wiki	0.684153	0.684153	Tammy and the Bachelor (1957): A Classic Movie Review 01.28.11 \| Angela Petteys Tags: 1950s Movies, Debbie Reynolds, Movie Reviews, Romantic Comedy Movies This review of Tammy and the Bachelor was chosen in honor of the late Leslie Nielsen, the film’s leading man. I’d never seen the film before, and for the first 15 minutes or so, I wasn’t quite sure what to make of it. It started out on a fairly hokey note, with Debbie Reynolds‘ backwoods girl Tammy rescuing Peter (Nielsen) when his plane crashes near the houseboat where she lives with her moonshiner Grandpa (Walter Brennan). Once Tammy found herself a visitor in Peter’s ancestral Southern mansion, the movie quickly won me over. Innocent, direct Tammy’s honest opinions lead to some amusing moments and help Peter’s parents (Sidney Blackmer and Fay Wray) and his aunt (Mildred Natwick) discover what they truly want in life. Reynolds and Nielsen are a charming pair in what turns out to be a gradual, tender romance. I liked that there was never any awful misunderstanding or other clichéd romantic problem. The fadeout set to the classic theme music brought a happy tear to my eye. Plain and simple, it’s a feel-good movie. The title song by Jay Livingston and Ray Evans is sung by The Ames Brothers over the opening credits. Reynolds’ gentle, heartfelt performance of the song, sitting on a window seat late at night, is the loveliest scene in the film. Indeed, it’s a quintessential ’50s movie moment which lingers in the memory. Nielsen’s obituaries have largely focused on the comedy roles for which he became so well known in the last part of his career. When I think of him, first and foremost I think of his roles as a handsome leading man of the ’50s and early ’60s. This movie was released the year after Nielsen appeared in the sci-fi classic Forbidden Planet. He’s quite good in a sincere performance as a nice guy who gradually realizes Tammy’s all grown up and the woman he’s meant to be with. The cast also includes Mala Powers, Louise Beavers, Philip Ober and Craig Hill. It was directed by Joseph Pevney (The Crowded Sky) and was filmed in Technicolor and CinemaScope. The movie runs 89 minutes and is available in a nice print on DVD along with Tammy Tell me True and Tammy and the Doctor. Laura G. is a proofreader and homeschooling parent who is a lifelong film enthusiast. Laura’s thoughts on classic films, Disney, and other topics can be found at Laura’s Miscellaneous Musings, established in 2005. Visit her website at http://www.laurasmiscmusings.blogspot.com.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2818
__label__wiki	0.734223	0.734223	All-Russian socio-political newspaper a moderate view of complex things The Moscow Post Author's column Rinat Khayrov sees the British coast "Baikal" of discord of Chubais’ "successors" Chronicles of the American "insanity" Sometimes "the Navalnys" come back again "Successor 2.0": Executive Office "struggle" of Sobyanin and Mishustin Front page Politics Palaces and castles of Mr. Shu Palaces and castles of Mr. Shu Author: NADEZHDA POPOVA, 2020-08-25 11:21:45 Head of the VEB.RF state corporation Igor Shuvalov's income for the year increased by 2 and a half times. In 2019, according to the official income Declaration, Igor Shuvalov received 179 million rubles. But in 2018, Mr. Shuvalov's income was only 71 million rubles. The former Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Government explains his new wealth by selling some real estate of more than 2 thousand square metres. It has been known for a long time that Mr. Shuvalov does not like to "trifle". It has also been known for a long time that he and his wife, Olga Shuvalova, own kilometres of residential space. And not only in "unwashed" Russia. The Shuvalovs have a castle in Austria, a mansion in Britain, and real estate in the United Arab Emirates. All these kilometres of luxury housing fell into the "clutches" of former Deputy Prime Minister Shuvalov during his "service" to the Fatherland in the Government of the Russian Federation. Does it mean that he rowed under himself, regardless of etiquette? We will remind that Mr. Shuvalov was engaged in this "rowing" for more than 10 years. Not long ago, he finally left the White house. And ended up in the leadership of the VEB.RF state corporation, which seems to be driven by the most important national projects. But what in reality? It looks like a fabulous animal, which is a character of Russian folk epics was let into the "garden" of VEB.RF. And isn't that why Mr. Shu's income has soared in just a year? A correspondent of The Moscow Post tried to investigate this situation. Personal plane disappeared from the Declaration Journalists have calculated that Igor Shuvalov has got savings up for 115 years ahead… But what's curious: from the Declaration of Igor Shuvalov, it seems that a personal plane, a not-so-cheap Rolls-Royce car, as well as a castle in Austria, real estate in Dubai and many other assets that clung to Mr. Shuvalov from head to toe during his, of course, selfless work in the Government of the Russian Federation, suddenly disappeared. What could be the secret? It turns out that Mr. Shuvalov might rent hidden real estate, and he rents it all from his trusted friends, former employees. This was reported by The Moscow Post. So, in 2019, the Shuvalovs had 3 apartments in Russia of sizes 108.9; 73.8 and 115.8 sq. m. The Former Deputy Prime Minister still owns 6/20 shares in an apartment of 170.6 sq. m. Mr. Shuvalov also possesses a residential building in Russia with an area of - it's scary to say what size - but still we will specify - more than 4170 sq. m., as well as a castle and apartment in Austria and the UK with an area of 1479.8 and 483 sq. m. Shuvalov's two underage children have a residential house and an apartment in Russia (with an area of 4174.1 and 107.6 square meters), and one of these happy children already owns a Mercedes GLE Coupe 350D 4MATIC car worth 10 million. This is reported by RBC. Olga Shuvalova, wife of the former Deputy Prime Minister, has an annual income of 12 million rubles. The couple owns 4 cars: Jaguar XJ8 4.2 Executive, VAZ 2101, ZIL 41047 and GAZ 21, as well as a building in Austria with an area of more than 1470 sq. m. and a UK apartment of 483 sq. m. Billionaire civil servant Igor Shuvalov and his "iron horses" If we recall the number of defrauded real estate investors who have been waiting for years for their modest apartments in multi-storeyed buildings in rural areas, or hundreds of orphaned children who can wait for their fragile square metres God knows how long, somehow there appears a feeling of shame concerning the state man Igor Shuvalov. The cadastral value is understated by 2800 times A scandal began to unfold around the figure of former First Deputy Prime Minister, and now Head of Vnesheconombank GC Igor Shuvalov, after the cost of the oligarch's economy, consisting of luxury real estate, was lowered hundreds of times. We are talking about a plot of 7.6 hectares in the Moscow region, which Rosreestr (The Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography) estimated at 107.5 thousand rubles. But the cadastral value of one hectare in this area is 39 million rubles. This is reported by Tsargrad. British mansion of the Shuvalovs Thus, the real cadastral value was underestimated by almost 2,800 times. And it was previously known that Mr. Shuvalov has a collection of luxury real estate. Recently, he added two more luxury apartments to this collection in Moscow with a total cost of one billion rubles. Igor Shuvalov's property is currently estimated at 17 billion rubles. Igor Shuvalov, indeed, was noticed for the fact that he likes to rent luxury housing from companies controlled by him. In particular, a residential building rented in Austria, known as the Burgau Castle, is registered to one of Igor Shuvalov's firms. Journalists got to the bottom of it. Shuvalov also rents an apartment in London with an area of 483 square metres. There is also a huge estate in Russia on the list: the estate is located in the village of Zarechye near the MKAD (Moscow Ring Road). This is a 4,000 sq. m. mansion, which he also rents from himself. Shuvalov has a villa in the UAE: a mansion of 650 sq. m. located on the Jumeirah Islands in Dubai. This was written by Forbes. A few years ago, as the first Deputy Prime Minister of the Government, Shuvalov declared a residential building in the Emirates of 753 sq. m. The Shuvalov's villa is located on the Jumeirah Islands in the UAE An official apartment of the Shuvalovs in Moscow with an area of 170 sq. m. is located in a Redan residential complex of business class on Mozhaisk highway. The Russian asset also includes two undeclared apartments on Kosygina street on Vorobyovy Gory. Another one - an apartment, or rather, a whole floor - is located in a high-rise building on the Kotelnicheskaya embankment. And there are also premium apartments near the Kremlin on Nikolskaya street. It should be recalled that earlier, as a state official, Shuvalov was surprised that Russian families are forced to buy "funny" apartments with an area of 20 sq. m. Shuvalov and his family live in a mansion in Skolkovo. The land through Zarechye-4 LLC belongs to the Shuvalov the Sova-nedvizhimost LLC family company. What's curious? The Skolkovo residential complex, built next door, is designed in such a way that residents have a blocked view of the mansion of Igor Shuvalov. Bought the entire floor Igor Shuvalov started buying apartments in a high-rise immediately after the Crimean campaign. And gradually acquired a whole floor. Shuvalov needed only 600 million rubles. The purchase area is also impressive – more than 700 sq. m. This is the city centre, with a panoramic view of the capital, including Red square. Igor Shuvalov did not buy housing himself, but with the help of a lawyer Sergey Kotlyarenko, his classmate who manages family assets. Stalinist high-rise on Kotelnicheskaya embankment Igor Shuvalov is an official billionaire. If one looks at his declarations for 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, simple arithmetic calculations give an exciting figure: during this time, together with his wife Olga Viktorovna he earned about 1 billion rubles. And even earlier, in 2008-2010, the couple received an income of 1,5 billion rubles. 600 apartments can be bought on the money that the Deputy Head of Government spent on housing in the Stalinist high-rise. But, as they say, the well-fed does not understand the hungry! Investments for "inner circle" Loan portfolio of the VEB.RF today is 1 trillion 218 billion rubles. The state corporation invests money in joint projects with very rich people of the Russian Federation. Top managers of VEB.RF receive huge income. The main objective of the VEB.RF is to promote the economic development of Russia. The state Corporation is engaged in financing projects aimed at developing infrastructure, industry, social sphere, developing technological potential and improving the quality of life of Russians. Well, what is in reality? Many of the beneficiaries were associated with the largest entrepreneurs. For example, together with Arkady Rotenberg, VEB.RF created the Natsproektstroy enterprise. And the media has already reported that this company will receive 120 billion rubles from the Russian Government without a competition for the construction of facilities in Krasnodar and the Rostov region. RBC wrote about this. Arkady Rotenberg Natsproektstroy has established subsidiaries that will be engaged in these projects. We are talking about NPS DOC LLC, NPC OZK LLC and NPS Aksay LLC. 1% in joint firms is controlled by Arkady Rotenberg's Transstroymekhanizatsiya. This office has mastered more than 230 billion rubles in state contracts. DZOK office stands for far Western bypass of Krasnodar, the company EZK – Europe-Western China. VEB.RF was supported by another famous businessman - Alexander Mamut. The state corporation agreed to purchase 20% of Strelka KB, which belongs to Mr. Mamut. This was reported by Forbes. Alexander Mamut VEB.RF supports several investment projects at once and provides assistance in expanding in the regions of the Russian Federation. Let us recall that Igor Shuvalov should be grateful to Alexander Mamut for a brilliant start of his career: thanks to work in the Mamut's ALM Consulting company Shuvalov earned his first millions. And he's got necessary connections. Let us go further. VEB.RF creates a holding company for projects in the timber industry together with Gleb Frank's Rockwell Capital. The first joint project is the construction of a timber chemical plant in the Krasnoyarsk territory. The volume of investments is more than 140 billion rubles. RBC wrote about this. Gleb Frank It us recall that Gleb Frank is the son-in-law of billionaire Gennady Timchenko and the son of Sergey Frank, the owner of Sovcomflot. Govorun under the wing of Shuvalov? But over the past year, not only Mr. Shuvalov has become rich, but also his Deputy at VEB.RF GC, infamous Oleg Govorun. In the recent past, he served as the Minister of Regional Development, and then sat in the chair of the head of the Fund of defrauded real estate investors. Mr. Govorun was also found to have elite real estate worth more than 2 billion rubles. Lenta.ru writes about this. In 2018 and 2019, Govorun purchased several apartments in the renovated Narkomfin Building on Novinsky Boulevard in Moscow with a total area of more than 2.070 sq. m. worth 1.7 billion rubles. Govorun's wife at the same time, in 2018, bought a mansion with an area of 947 square metres in an elite village in the Moscow region. Price? Only 400 million rubles. And a month after the purchase of the Fazenda, along with a land plot of 50 acres, it came to the property of Oleg Govorun under a marriage contract. Let us recall that the talented Govorun's husband went into politics from Alfa Bank, where he worked in the 1990s. In the past, he was clearly noted for his scientific work on the topic: "The constitutional principle of equality of human and civil rights and freedoms regardless of property status in the Russian Federation", in which Mr. Govorun wrote about his concern about inequality in income distribution, which has increased over the past decade. Oleg Govorun Mr. Govorun likes to sit on cash flows. Even now, Igor Shuvalov sets a difficult task for him – to raise the standard of living of Russian citizens through the implementation of social projects. Modernize public transport, develop projects for urban infrastructure and dispose of solid household waste. It is worth noting that the last few years Govorun has been changing positions like socks. Previously, he was fairly well-placed in positions under the Presidential Administration, he was a Plenipotentiary representative in the Central Federal district, then - Head of the Presidential Office for socio-economic cooperation with the CIS States, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Some time ago, the media spread a rumor that Deputy Prime Minister Marat Khusnullin dismissed Govorun from the post of the Fund for the protection of the rights of real estate investors. This, in particular, was reported by Interfax. It is not known whether Khusnullin really had a hand in the move of Govorun, but today the post of the Head of the Fund for the protection of the rights of real estate investors is occupied by Khusnullin's man - Konstantin Timofeev. Mr. Timofeev worked with the new Deputy Prime Minister in the city hall. But there were financial questions to Govorun, as the Head of the Fund. In December 2019, the head of the Foundation, Oleg Govorun, officially announced at the reception of the Prime Minister (at that time) Dmitry Medvedev, that in Russia there were about 200 thousand defrauded real estate investors and more than 3 thousand unfinished houses. It was proposed to solve the problems through an extensive network of regional Funds for the protection of the rights of real estate investors. Oleg Govorun then said that it was necessary to allocate an additional 0.5 trillion rubles for the construction of housing for all defrauded real estate investors. Could he pay with his chair for such excessive appetites? The Accounts Chamber also had questions about the Fund's activities. As if in December 2019, the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, JSC Dom.RF and Rosimushchestvo signed an agreement on providing budget investments for the completion of 40 SU-155 houses. And as if the auditors of the Accounting Chamber found out that 37 objects at the time of signing the contract were already put into operation. This was written by Forbes. How did billionaire Igor Shuvalov earn his fortune? Govorun had problems with documentation preparing in the Fund. "There was no register of real estate investors, no assessment of which houses are problematic was made, which need to be completed, where payments are required," - the statement of the Accounting Chamber of the Russian Federation said. This was written by Forbes. What conclusions can be drawn? It is completely unclear why the management of the VEB.RF state corporation were people, to put it mildly, dishonest. It seems that neither Shuvalov nor Govorun - and this is clear - are interested in the problems that exist in a huge country. What kind of development can we talk about if both the former Deputy Prime Minister and the former Head of the Fund of defrauded real estate investors can only think about their pockets, which become bigger and bigger? Subscribe to our channels YANDEX.ZEN, PULSE, GOOGLE NEWS 24 November, 9:32 A "piece" that can’t be "swallowed" by Shuvalov? 28 October, 12:24 "Dealer" Frolov will bring to Manturov Uss doesn't follow the President's words? Will Tikhonov be added for Iranian oil? Animals and Pets of God Nisanov "Russian Standard" sharply "lost weight" Is Sekler "blowing" from behind the "hill"? Nisanov’s "appearance" on the Patriarchs Sarkozy's visit to Russia «rift» Europe 20 January, 9:59 PIK not ruined by "old" Klyachin? Navalny's "comeback": stupidity or provocation? Entire publication » All flags visit "Vostok oil", or Sechin’s "Trafigura" Tatiana Golikova’s heavy "pharma" Signs of "Kontur" in "Atlas" of Rostec Herman "sin", or how to share bitcoin for five 18+ Online edition of the Moscow Post © All rights to materials published on the site http://moscow-post.com, http://moscow-post.ru, http://moscow-post.su they belong to the founder of the media company Nebokhod-media and are protected in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Any copying, including certain parts of texts or images, publication and republication, reprint or any other distribution of information, in whatever form and by whatever technical means it is not carried out, is strictly prohibited without the prior written consent of the editorial Board or the founder of the media company "Nebokhod-media". Use of materials published on the site moscow-post.com it is allowed only with the written permission of the editorial Board or the founder of the media company "Nebokhod-media" and with a mandatory direct hyperlink to the page from which the material is borrowed. (with the name "Online edition of the Moscow Post") no lower than in the second paragraph of the text, or immediately after the borrowed material, clicking on which leads to the site http://www.moscow-post.com, http://moscow-post.ru, http:// moscow-post.su	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2819
__label__cc	0.625858	0.374142	PÁS to Perform with the Pittsburgh Philharmonic Orchestra By Michael J. Kopanic, Jr., Ph.D. October 2011 – The Pittsburgh Area Folk Ensemble (PÁS) will be performing two community concerts with the Pittsburgh Philharmonic Orchestra. The two appearances will take place in both the cities of Butler and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PÁS will represent Slovak culture as part of the Pittsburgh Philharmonic’s program theme of “Going Abroad” during its 2011-2012 regular season. The “first stop” on the tour will take the audience to experience the cultures of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which included the area of present-day Slovakia. PÁS dancers will perform to the music of the Moravian folklorist/composer, Leoš Janáček with his Lachian Dances. The first concert will take place at 8 pm on Friday, October 28, at the Butler County Community College. The second performance will be at North Hills Junior High School on October 29th at 7 pm. For information on purchasing tickets, please visit the Pittsburgh Philharmonic website, www.pghphil.org and click on the performance entitled “Czech & Hungary.” One may also buy tickets by telephoning Pro Arts at (412) 394-3353. Advanced purchase tickets are $12 for Adults, $8 for Seniors, and $5 for Students. Click here to view the related Press Release.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2820
__label__wiki	0.93778	0.93778	The Great Mouse Detective (1986) Directed by: Ron Clements/Burny Mattinson/Dave Michener/John Musker Written by: Pete Young/Vance Gerry/Steve Hulett/John Musker/Ron Clements/Bruce Morris/Matthew O’Callaghan/Burny Mattinson/Dave Michener/Mel Shaw Based on novels by: Eve Titus/Paul Galdone While The Black Cauldron was being made, some of the folks working on it knew it was going to be a pretty big bomb. They left the project and were given a secondary title to start working on: The Great Mouse Detective. The studio had been thinking about doing a Sherlock Holmes animated animal feature since the 70s when The Rescuers was being made. But it was too similar to that film, so they put it on the back burner. Then the idea came up to do a film based on a series of books by Eve Titus about Basil of Baker Street, a mouse who styled himself after Holmes. Basil (Barrie Ingham) is on the trail of Professor Ratigan (Vincent Price), but he’s hit a dead end. Enter Olivia (Susanne Pollatschek), the daughter of a prominent toymaker (Alan Young, who also voiced Scrooge McDuck until his death in 2016…and he owned a very famous horse, of course, of course). Her father was kidnapped by a peg-legged bat (Candy Candido), who happened to be in the employ of Ratigan. Olivia is brought to Basil by Dr Dawson (Val Bettin) hoping that he can help her. He’s pretty unwilling until he finds out that there’s a connection to Ratigan. This is a pretty rollicking little adventure with a lot of great characters and an amazing turn (naturally) by Vincent Price and, of course, another evil cat. And Basil is probably one of the truer depictions of Holmes I’ve seen: he’s pretty socially inept and selfish. But he’s just so darn cute! This whole movie is just really charming and cute. It’s maybe the best of this sort of mid-period, just before the renaissance of The Little Mermaid. (It’s not my favorite, but it’s probably the best.) Besides the great characters and voice acting, there’s also the animation. For the most part, it’s fairly typical for Disney of the period. But then there’s the climax in Big Ben. It’s the first use of CGI in a Disney animated feature. (The Black Cauldron beat it to release, but this was the first produced.) As Basil and Ratigan careen through the gears of the clock, the camera follows them quicker than hand drawn animation would allow. It’s a thrilling scene that caps off the movie perfectly. The only mistep, in my opinion, is the Melissa Manchester cameo, and maybe it’s because I know that it was done for strictly monetary reasons. Michael Eisner wanted a bankable pop star to sing a song in the film. Initially, his idea was Michael Jackson. (This suggestion was met with stony silence.) Then they thought about Madonna. Finally, they decided on Manchester. Her character sings a silly song in a seedy bar and then disappears from the movie. It’s kinda fun, I guess, but it’s a weird “sexy” moment in a Disney movie. And I guess Melissa Manchester was bankable in 1986? I really don’t remember her having much bank beyond about 1979. But, whatever. The rest of the music, though, is pretty good. It’s Henry Mancini doing his first animated feature music so, yeah. It’s definitely pretty good. My favorite story about the film is the story of the title. It was originally called, like the books, Basil Of Baker Street. But then Young Sherlock Holmes bombed at the box office, so they decided that maybe “Basil” was too English. They changed the title to The Great Mouse Detective, much to the chagrin of most of the crew. The change was so hated that animator Ed Gombert wrote a satirical studio memo “officially” renaming past Disney hits: Seven Little Men Help a Girl, The Wonderful Elephant Who Could Really Fly, The Little Deer Who Grew Up, The Girl with the See-through Shoes, Two Dogs Fall in Love, Puppies Taken Away, and A Boy, a Bear and a Big Black Cat. I love angry satire. The title was actually changed a few times over the years. For almost every release after its initial release, the title was The Adventures Of The Great Mouse Detective. In a few countries, it was changed to Basil The Great Mouse Detective. Finally, for the DVD release in 2010, it was changed back to just The Great Mouse Detective. It’s been under that title ever since. Whatever title, the movie was good enough to make the Disney CEOs realize that their animation studio was still viable. But they were still a few years away from really getting over The Black Cauldron.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2825
__label__wiki	0.757864	0.757864	Dear Assassin's Creed III; The American Revolution was no Sausage-fest Just Who Is Assassin’s Creed III’s New Hero? is a Kotaku interview piece by Stephen Totilo with Alex Hutchinson, Assassin's Creed 3's creative director, a nice "Getting to know you" for the game's new lead Connor Ratohnhaké:ton. While reading I came across a side bar portion that made me go SheHulk SMASH!! Still no lady assassin... Assassin's Creed lore is full of female assassins, but we've yet to be able to play one in the game (though we have played as female Templars in the game's multiplayer. Why not feature a heroine as the lead in AC III? "It's always up in the air," the new game's creative director, Alex Hutchinson, said, "I think lots of people want it, [but] in this period it's been a bit of a pain. The history of the American Revolution is the history of men. … There are a few people, like John Adams' wife, [Abigail]—they tried very hard in the TV series to not make it look like a bunch of dudes, but it really is a bunch of dudes. It felt like, if you had all these men in every scene and you're secretly, stealthily in crowds of dudes [as a female assassin], it starts to feel kind of wrong. People would stop believing it." As a (unofficial-genological-paperwork-pending) Daughter of the American Revolution I take whole-hearted offence to this statement. Alex Hutchinson name drops Abigail Adams as a singular nod to woman-kind's influence in the Revolutionary War, concluding that the war was run by just "a bunch of dudes". It would seem that though he has seen the John Adams mini-series (I highly recommend it) he isn't aware of any other female figures in the war aside from Mrs. Adams. The constraints of portraying women in the Revolutionary era are hardly as restrictive as Hutchinson would make it seem in his comment. Women were not cloistered during this time and while political influence was admittedly exercised mostly by men, there were many women who were in the thick of battle. Women tended the wounded, acted as guides, some took up arms, and few enacted their own assassinations of British soldiers. There is fodder galore for a female lead in AC III. The historical revisionist style, now a trademark of the series, gives the writers the freedom to weave the stories they tell into the lives of real historical figures, the same way they did with Caterina Sforza in AC II. For the unaware here is a Whitman's Sampler of women who could easily have been included in AC III or used to inspire a female lead. Molly Pitcher While commonly attributed to be Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley, the tale of Molly Pitcher has become folklore and is likely a combination of several different women's stories. The common tale is that at the Battle of Monmouth in June 1778, Molly's husband (a matross or cannon loader) became injured or ill and was carried away from the battlefield. She took up her husband's position and manned the cannon through out the rest of the battle. Her presence supposedly caught the attention of General Washington himself, who gave her the warrant of a non-commissioned officer. Afterwards she was often referred to as "Sergeant Molly". Margaret Corbin Margaret Corbin followed her soldier husband John to war (as many women did at the time). Her husband died manning a cannon while defending Fort Washington and Margaret was severely wounded. The battle was lost and Margaret was gravely disabled by the injuries she suffered. Later she became the first American woman to receive a soldier's pension for being wounded in battle, though it was only 1/2 of what any other soldier would have received. Her remains were relocated in 1928 by the Daughter's of the American Revolution to West Point Cemetery were a monument was also erected in her honor. Her story is likely one of the primary inspirations for the "Molly Pitcher" legend. Nancy Ward, Nanyehi ("One Who Goes About") Nanyehi in Cherokee or Nancy Ward as she was know to the English was born to a Cherokee woman of the Wolf Clan, daughter of Francis Ward "Fivekiller", a white man living among the Cherokee. She acted as a diplomat between the Cherokee nation and English settlers. A proponent of peace, she was a pioneer of women's influence in diplomatic relations. During the Revolutionary War the Cherokee nation was divided on who they should support (if anyone at all). Ward spoke out in favor of Colonist support. Her cousin, Dragging Canoe, led regular raids on Colonist camp settlements and she offered warning to settlers about an impending attack. She also tried to mediate between the two sides to prevent retribution attacks from escalating. She continued as a defacto ambassador of the Cherokee nation for years, before eventually opening a small inn in Tennessee. She passed away in 1822 before the Cherokee were removed from their remaining lands during the Trail of Tears. She was nearly a hundred years old when she died. Margaret Bratton Margaret Bratton and her husband were in charge of a Colonial gunpowder storehouse during the war. When British soldiers attempted to take control of the storehouse, Margaret set fire to it. She sacrificed the resources rather than see them in enemy hands and took out some enemy soldiers to boot. It is said that afterwards she was taken prisoner where she was questioned by the British and confessed to the arson. She was later released and continued serving the war effort as a nurse, tending both British and American soldiers. Nancy Hart Many women couldn't leave their family's to serve with their husbands as camp followers and had to defend their homes alone. Often times they were taken over by enemy soldiers looking for headquarters and defensible positions. As the story goes, one evening a small group of British soldiers traveling through the area stopped at Hart's home demanding she feed them. She acquiesced and sent her daughter to fetch some well water (and secretly warn the other town's folk of the soldier's presence). Not suspecting any foul play from the lone woman they left their guns unattended by the door as the filed in for dinner. Nancy managed to gain control of the muskets, tried to take the soldiers prisoner, and when they resisted she shot two of them. There are also tales of Nancy disguising herself as a crazy man, wandering though British camps to gather information for American forces. Sybil Ludington While Paul Revere is better known, Sybil Ludington had a much more impressive ride. While less than half Revere's age, Sybil rode more than twice the distance (40 miles) on April 26, 1777. From 9 o'clock till dawn, she rode in an effort to rouse men to aid her father Col. Henry Ludington to defend Danbury, Conneticut from British troops. When she ended her ride nearly 400 men were raised to meet the invading forces. While the regiment was too late to save the town they did manage to drive the British back to Long Island Sound. Deborah Sampson, aka Robert Shurtlift Sampson Deborah Sampson at age 18 disguised herself as a man and used her brother's name to enlist as a Continental Soldier. She was assigned to the Light Infantry Company of the 4th Massachusetts Regiment. She fought in several skirmishes, and was wounded in her first battle outside of Tarrytown, New York. She suffered a head wound and took two musket balls to the thigh. After having her head wound treated she slipped away from the hospital fearing further examination by doctors would expose her identity. She later managed to dig one of the shots out of her leg with a pen knife, while the other was too deep for her to retrieve. A year later while sick with a fever she was treated by Doctor Barnabas Binney, who discovered her gender. Rather than expose her he sent her to his home to be nursed by his own family. Deborah was later honorably discharged after a year and a half of active service. She is one of the few women that has a documented service record from the Revolutionary War. These biographies are hardly comprehensive and largely incomplete. Even so, as you can see from the few examples given above, women were not non-existent during the Revolutionary War and had widespread influence. I am very disappointed that Hutchinson so casually labeled the Revolution as a "history of men". It was the birth of a nation, composed of many different men, women, and children. Not a series of battles and political negotiations committed by a single gender. Posted by Wesley H. at 8:29 PM	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2833
__label__cc	0.650087	0.349913	Joseph Viall Allen, Jr. Birth 30 Jun 1719 Barrington, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA Died 6 May 1816 Barrington, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA Father Joseph Allen, b. 25 May 1697, Rehoboth, Bristol, Massachusetts, United States Mother Sarah May, b. 12 Oct 1699, Rehoboth, Bristol, Massachusetts, United States Married 6 Oct 1720 Rehoboth, Bristol, Massachusetts, USA Family 1 Susanna Packard, b. 11 Mar 1724, Bridgewater, MA Married 1742 Massachusetts 1. Jonathan Allen, b. 1745, Kingston, Washington, Rhode Island, USA 2. Sarah Allen, b. 2 Jun 1751, Barrington, Bristol, Massachusetts, United States 3. Joseph Allen, b. 4 Feb 1752, Barrington, Bristol County, Rhode Island, USA 4. John Allen, b. 2 Dec 1753, Barrington, Bristol, Massachusetts, USA 5. Esther Allen, b. Jan 1754, Barrington, Bristol, Massachusetts, United States 6. Susanna Allen, b. 2 Dec 1759, Barrington, Bristol, Massachusetts, United States 7. Benjamin Allen, b. 15 Jul 1761, Rehoboth, Bristol, Massachusetts, United States 8. Joseph Allen, b. 15 Jan 1750 9. Mary Allen Family 2 Joanna Whitehorn 1. Squire Allen, b. 30 Jul 1765 2. James Allen, b. 29 Jan 1768 Joseph Allen Birth 25 May 1697 Rehoboth, Bristol, Massachusetts, United States Died 17 Oct 1754 Rehoboth, Bristol, Massachusetts, United States Father Benjamin Allen, b. 1652, Salisbury, Massachusetts Mother Hopestill Leonard, b. 1671, Rehoboth, Bristol, Massachusetts, USA Married 18 Nov 1695 United States Family Sarah May, b. 12 Oct 1699, Rehoboth, Bristol, Massachusetts, United States 1. Hezekiah Allen, b. 23 Aug 1729, Barrington, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA 2. Sarah Allen, b. 14 Sep 1736, Barrington, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA 3. Samuel Allen, b. 22 Dec 1721, Barrington, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA 4. Benjamin Allen, b. 1728, Barrington, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA 5. Elisha Allen, b. 23 Feb 1734, Barrington, Bristol, Massachusetts, USA 6. Elizabeth Allen, b. Jun 1722, Barrington, Bristol, Rhode Island, United States 7. Joseph Viall Allen, Jr., b. 30 Jun 1719, Barrington, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA Susanna Packard Birth 11 Mar 1724 Bridgewater, MA Died 2 Jan 1768 Worcester, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA Father Solomon Packard, b. 20 Mar 1689, Plymouth Bay Colony, Massachusetts, Mother Susanna Kingman, b. 12 Apr 1697, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States Married 1718 Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States Family Joseph Viall Allen, Jr., b. 30 Jun 1719, Barrington, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA Solomon Packard Birth 20 Mar 1689 Plymouth Bay Colony, Massachusetts, Died 2 Feb 1777 Plymouth Bay Colony, Massachusetts, Father Zaccheus Packard, b. 20 Apr 1651, Hingham, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA Mother Sarah Howard, b. 20 Aug 1648, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA Married 1 Feb 1682 Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA Family 1 Sarah Lathrop, b. 5 Jun 1693, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA Married 16 Nov 1715 Brockton, Plymouth, Massachusetts Family 2 Susanna Kingman, b. 12 Apr 1697, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States 1. Martha Packard, b. 27 Nov 1727, Bridgewater, MA, USA 2. Nathan Packard, b. 19 Feb 1732, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA 3. Jacob Packard, b. 2 Sep 1720, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA 4. Sarah Packard, b. 23 May 1719, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts 5. Nathan Packard, b. 4 Mar 1723, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts 6. Joanna Packard, b. 24 Nov 1725, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA 7. Solomon Packard, b. 17 Oct 1729 8. Zebulon Packard, b. 5 Aug 1736, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts 9. Micah Packard, b. 13 Aug 1738, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts 10. Benjamin Packard, b. 20 Oct 1734, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts 11. Susanna Packard, b. 11 Mar 1724, Bridgewater, MA Family 3 Dorothy Whipple, b. 1702, Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA Married 5 Oct 1760 Bridgewater, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA Name Sarah Allen [1] Born 2 Jun 1751 Barrington, Bristol, Massachusetts, United States Died 1816 Barrington, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA Father Joseph Viall Allen, Jr. 2x , b. 30 Jun 1719, Barrington, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA , d. 6 May 1816, Barrington, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA (Age 96 years) Mother Susanna Packard, b. 11 Mar 1724, Bridgewater, MA , d. 2 Jan 1768, Worcester, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA (Age 43 years) [S57] Ancestry Family Trees, (Name: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members.;), Ancestry Family Tree.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2835
__label__wiki	0.909909	0.909909	Email: parishoffice@stpeterharborne.org.uk Weekly Pew Sheet St Peter's Choir Ladies Group St Peter's Playgroup Booking Our Facilities Hall Garden Banns, Weddings & Funerals Archive Enquiries Tower Bell Ringing at St Peter’s The bells are rung on Sunday 9.15 - 10.00am, before Morning Prayer and 5.45 – 6.15 pm before Evensong Practice Night: Monday 7.00 – 9.00 pm We are a popular tower and cater for ringers at all levels. Practice nights will usually include ringing from Rounds and Call-Changes to Surprise Major and every station in between. We are affiliated to the St Martin’s Guild of Church Bell Ringers. We have a good relationship with several other local towers (Northfield, Smethwick, Shirley, Birmingham Cathedral, Edgbaston) and many of our ringers overlap. It isn’t just the ringing though; we are a very sociable tower and regularly hold events that don’t involve ringing or extra extended teaching sessions, using our simulator so that we don’t annoy the neighbours. Clare McArdle – Tower Captain and Ringing Master Tracy Stevens – Deputy Ringing Master Mike Rigby – Tower Keeper Tamsin Lane – Secretary Clare McArdle - Ringing Master You will hear the bells ringing on Saturdays, especially through the summer months, for weddings. We are happy to ring for any special occasion if requested. In return a donation for our Tower Fund, for the upkeep of the bells, would be gratefully accepted. The only limits we put on ringing is that not more than one Peal attempt is allowed each calendar month, bearing in mind a Peal can take 3 hours. Outside of these Peal attempts and the usual Sunday and Monday ringing, the only extra ringing that occurs is at weddings, visiting ringers ringing the bells for not more than an hour and also Quarter peals (taking about 45 minutes to ring), usually before Sunday service ringing, so starting at about 4.45pm. Quarter peals can be used to commemorate any event. If members of the congregation have a family member or important event that they would like to remember - please, let us know. If requested we can provide a framed memento of the Quarter peal. At the moment we are ringing Quarter peals in memory of those servicemen who gave their lives during the First World War (see below). Please contact: Clare McArdle, 0121 6800355, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , if you would like a Quarter peal dedicated to a special person or event. Honouring the soldiers of The Great War From 2014-2018, the bell ringers of St. Peter’s Harborne are going to commemorate the lives of the servicemen who gave their lives during the First World War. We plan to ring for those soldiers from Harborne parish listed in the book of remembrance. We will also be including those who were bell ringers in Birmingham. Our project, in memory of the soldiers, is to ring“quarter peals” on the Sunday closest to 100th anniversary of their passing. Quarter peals are an extended piece of ringing that lasts around 45 minutes. Our first quarter peal, commemorating the life of Francis F Lediard. Francis Lediard died on 26 August 1914 at the age of 45. A Private in the Royal Scots’ Second Battalion, his name can be found on the La Ferte-Sous-Jouarre Memorial in France. The second quarter peal remembers Stoker 1st Class H Plaskett, Royal Navy. Died 20 September1914. The third remembers Private George Henry Bolton, Royal Welsh Fusiliers. Died 21 October1914, age 33. The fourth remembers Corporal Henry Walter Deeley, King’s Royal Rifle Corps.Died 28/10/1914, age 28. The fifth remembers both Rifleman Arthur Austin, Rifle Brigade. Died 31/10/1914 and Telegraphist George Clarence King, Royal Navy. Died 03/11/1914, age 21. The sixth remembers Private Harry Weston, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd Bn. Died 7/11/1914, age 23. The seventh remembers Private William George Stanley, Worcestershire Regiment, 1st Bn. Died 1/12/1914, age 37. The eighth remembers Private Harry Walter Walker, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st Bn. Died 07/04/1915. The ninth remembers Private Ernest Ballard, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st Bn. Died 25/04/1915 and Corporal. T Joiner, Royal Fusiliers, 4th Bn. Died 25/04/1915. The tenth remembers Rifleman William Robinson, Rifle Brigade, 2nd Bn. Died 09/05/1915, age 20 and Corporal. Albert Edward Stockhall, 3rd Dragoon Guards (Prince of Wales’ Own) Died 13/05/1915, age 38. The eleventh remembers Cpl Samuel Perry, Royal Welsh Fusiliers, 1st Bn. Died 16/5/1915, age 30. The twelfth remembers Pte Arthur Bolton Warr, Australian Infantry AIF, 2nd Bn. Died 29/07/1915, age 28. The thirteenth remembers Private Robert James Woodward, Worcestershire Regiment, 4th Bn. Died 06/08/1915, age 34. The fourteenth remembers Private Tom Turner, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 9th Bn. Died 10/08/1915, age 24. Member of St Martin’s Guild and bell ringer at Solihull. The fifteenth remembers Rifleman William Henry Banner, Rifle Brigade, 11th Bn. Died 17/08/1915 and Private Frederick Harld Chatwin, Dorsetshire Regiment, 5th Bn. Died 19/08/1915. The sixteenth remembers Private G Burdett, Derbyshire Yeomanry. Died 23/08/1915, Rifleman Ernest Young, King’s Royal Rifle Corps, 8th Bn. Died 26/08/1915, age 21 and Corporal John William Pountney, Royal Army Medical Corps, 2nd North Midland Field AmbDied 28/08/1915, age 27. The seventeenth remembers Rifleman William Tombs, King’s Royal Rifle Corps, 9th Bn. Died 25/09/1915, age 30 and Lance Corporal Alfred Woodcock, Royal Scots Fusiliers, 1st Bn. Died 25/09/1915. The eighteenth remembers Cpl. Samuel Stanley, Worcestershire Regiment, 1st/8th Bn. Died 03/01/1916 and Private Wallace Hewertson, Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry, 5th Bn. Died 18/01/1916, aged 19. The ninteenth remembers Lieutenant Harry Taylor, Royal Engineers, 98th Field Coy. Died 27/02/1916, aged 27. The twentieth remembers Private Leonard Hicks, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 16th Bn. Died 10/04/1916 aged 26 and Private Harry Archibald Hawkins James, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 9th Bn. Died 13/04/1916 aged 19. The twenty-first remembers Private Ernest Cooper, West Yorkshire Regiment (Prince of Wales’s Own), 2nd Bn. Died 18/04/1916 and Private Frederick Thomas Holbrook, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, “C” Coy. 15th Bn. Died 18/04/1916 aged 20. The twenty-second remembers Private Edward Eames, Hertfordshire Regiment, 1st Bn. Died 21/04/1916, aged 26. The twenty-third remembers Private Harry Austin, Worcestershire Regiment, C Coy. 3rd Bn. Died 28/04/1916, aged 28. The twenty-fourth remembers Gunner George Henry Jackson, Royal Garrison Artillery, 2nd Siege Bty. Died 13/05/1916, aged 21 and Private John Henry Broadfield, West Yorkshire Regiment (Prince of Wales’s Own), 12th Bn. Died 17/05/1916. The twenty- fifth remembers Private Herbert Avery Brown, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, “D” Coy. 1st Bn. Died 23/05/1916, aged 20. The twenty-sixth remembers Stoker 1st Class Walter William Sweatman, Royal Navy, HMS Queen Mary. Died 31/05/1916, aged 21, Ordinary Signalman George Harold Thompson, Royal Navy, HMS Invincible. Died 31/05/1916, aged 18, Lance Corporal Ernest Gordon Bennitt, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 15th Bn. Died 04/06/1916, aged 43, Private Philip Gordon Jinks, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 15th Bn. Died 04/06/1916, aged 20, Lance Corporal Wallace Robert Thomson, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, “B” Coy. 15th Bn. Died 04/06/1916, aged 24 and Lance Corporal Leslie Frank Bromwich, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 15th Bn. Died 04/06/1916, aged 19. The twenty-seventh remembers Private Harry Gordon Hopkins, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, “A” Coy. 15th Bn. Died 15/06/1916, aged 23. The twenty-eighth remembers Private Alfred William Lawrence, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st/6th Bn. Died 25/06/1916, aged 24 and Second Lieutenant Charles Victor While, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 8th Bn. Died 26/06/1916, aged 25. The twenty-ninth remembers a number of brave soldiers who died in the first few days of the Battle of the Somme: Lieutenant Colonel Edgar Arthur Innes, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st/8th Bn. Died 01/07/1916, Private Richard Murray, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st/6th Bn. Died 01/07/1916, Private Alfred Sargent, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st/6th Bn. Died 01/07/1916, aged 27, Private William Edward Sargent, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st/8th Bn. Died 01/07/1916, Private Arthur Cuttriss Hostler, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1st South Midland Field Amb. Died 03/07/1916 and Lance Corporal William Herbert Born, South Staffordshire Regiment, 1st Bn. Died 06/07/1916 aged 29. The thirtieth remembers Corporal John Herbert Green, South Staffordshire Regiment, 8th Bn. Died 10/07/1916 aged 26. The thirty-first remembers Second Lieutenant Frank Richard While, Middlesex Regiment, 1st Bn. Died 15/07/1916, aged 26, Captain Douglas Gordon Lunt, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 5th Bn. Died 16/07/1916, aged 28, Second Lieutenant Hal Harper, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd/6th Bn. Died 19/07/1916, aged 29, Private Robert Ellesmere Jones, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd/6th Bn. Died 19/07/1916, aged 25, Lance Corporal Fred Taylor, Royal Fusiliers, “A” Coy. 20th Bn. Died 20/07/1916, aged 26 and Gunner George Preece, Royal Field Artillery. Died 21/07/1916. The thirty-second remembers Private William Henry Badham, Royal Warwickshire Regiment,14th Bn. Died 23/07/1916, aged 20, Private Frederic Alan Field, Royal Warwickshire Regiment,14th Bn. Died 23/07/1916, aged 22, Private Harold Frederick Mills, Royal Warwickshire Regiment,“B” Coy. 14th Bn. Died 23/07/1916, aged 20, Private Ernest Tasker, Royal Warwickshire Regiment,14th Bn. Died 23/07/1916, aged 22, Private Thomas Williams, Royal Warwickshire Regiment,14th Bn. Died 23/07/1916, aged 18 and Private Arthur Briggs, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st/5th Bn. Died 24/07/1916. The thirty-third remembers Private Samuel Huntley, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 16th Bn. Died 27/07/1916, Private George Snape, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 16th Bn. Died 27/07/1916, aged 20, Lance Corporal Gilbert Freeth, Wiltshire Regiment, 6th Bn. Died 29/07/1916, Second Lieutenant Thomas David Fitzgerald, Gloucestershire Regiment, 8th Bn. Died 30/07/1916, Private William Frank Prosser, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, “A” Coy. 10th Bn. Died 30/07/1916, aged 30 and Private George Albert Webb, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 14th Bn. Died 30/07/1916, aged 26. The thirty-fourth remembers Rifleman William Robert Hemming, Rifle Brigade, 1st Bn. Died 08/08/1916, aged 25. The thirty-fifth remembers Second Lieutenant William Edward Curtis, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 5th Bn. Died 18/08/1916. The thirty-sixth remembers Private William Best, Royal Warwickshire Regiment,14th Bn. Died 20/08/1916, aged 34. The thirty- seventh remembers Private Roland George Rose, Worcestershire Regiment, 3rd Bn. Died 24/08/1916, aged 20 and Private R Reeves, Worcester Regiment, 3rd Bn. Died 24/08/1916. The thirty - eighth remembers Private Hubert Arthur Cooper, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 15th Bn. Died 03/09/1916, aged 21, Private Charles Warrell Cox, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd Bn. Died 03/09/1916, aged 26, Second Lieutenant Charles Paul Mansell, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 16th Bn. Died 03/09/1916, Lance Corporal Frederick John Sadler, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 15th Bn. Died 03/09/1916, aged 20, Serjeant Richard William Taylor, Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry, 6th Bn. Died 03/09/1916, aged 24 and Second Lieutenant John Wilfred Dabbs, Australian Infantry AIF, 2nd Bn. Died 06/09/1916, aged 26. The thirty-ninth remembers Private William Ernest Tew, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd/6th Bn. Died 13/09/1916, aged 26. The fortieth remembers Lance Corporal William Oliver Carthorn, Coldstream Guards, 4th Bn. Died 15/09/1916, Private Charles Leonard Hill, Royal Fusiliers, 26th Bn. Died 15/09/1916, aged 30 and Rifleman William Thomas Witts, Rifle Brigade, 9th Bn. Died 15/09/1916, aged 22. The forty-first remembers Private John Randolph Brame, Royal Fusiliers, 26th Bn. Died 28/09/1916, aged 32. The forty-second remembers Private George Parsons, London Regiment, 1st/20th Bn. Died 01/10/1916, aged 33. Bell ringer at SS Thomas and Edmund Erdington and member of St Martin’s Guild. Also Private Harry Francis Rigby, Royal Fusiliers, 26th Bn. Died 04/10/1916, aged 19. The forty-third remembers Rifleman Bert Warburton, Rifle Brigade, 2nd Bn. Died 22/10/1916, aged 21, Ordinary Telegraphist Wilfred Woodward, Royal Navy, H.M.S. “Genista”. Died 23/10/1916, aged 18 and Private WH Stevenson, Canadian Infantry, 10th Bn. Died 24/10/1916. The forty-fourth remembers Private Charlie Wilcox, Royal Warwickshire Regiment “C” Coy. 15th Bn. Died 26/10/1916, aged 22 and Private Frank Foster Weston, Dorsetshire Regiment, 6th Bn. Died 31/10/1916, aged 21. The forty-fifth, rung half muffled on Remembrance Sunday, remembers Private A Connop, Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry, 1st/4th Bn. Died12/11/1916, Private Horace Howell, Service No.23964. South Staffordshire Regiment "B" Coy. 2nd Bn. Died 13/11/1916 age 25. Commemorated at Serre Road Cemetery No.1, France, Grave I G 18. Born 07/04/1891. Son of Joseph and Jane Howell of Smethwick, husband of Mary Howell. He worked as a stonemason before enlisting. Bell ringer at Smethwick and St Bartholomew Edgbaston and member of St Martin’s Guild, and Private Frank Parker, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 11th Bn. Died 14/11/1916, aged 40. The forty-sixth remembers Private Arthur Charles Mann, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st/8th Bn. Died 29/11/1916, aged 19, Private William Newland, Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry, 1st/4th Bn. Died 01/12/1916, aged 31 and Private Percy Sears, Army Service Corps, 2nd/1st Field Ambulance. Died 02/12/1916. The forty-seventh remembers Gunner Frederick Jones, Royal Field Artillery. Died 31/12/1916, aged 26. The forty-eighth remembers Pantry Boy Arthur John Williams, Mercantile Marine “SS Yola”, Died 28/01/1917, aged 17 and Private Francis William Veal, Somerset Light Infantry, 1st Bn. Died 29/01/1917, aged 30. The forty-ninth remembers Private William Winnitt, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st/6th Bn. Died 12/02/1917, aged 20 and Lance Corporal William Arthur Boswell, King’s Royal Rifle Corps, 10th Bn. Died 13/02/1917. The fiftieth remembers Private H Dodd, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st Bn. Died18/02/1917, aged 28. The fifty-first remembers Quartermaster Serjeant W Walker, Royal Field Artillery, 81st Bty. 5th Bde. Died 23/02/1917, aged 32, Acting Bombadier William Henry Daniels, Royal Field Artillery, C Bty. 66th Bde. Died 25/02/1917 and Private Richard Percy Poole, Worcestershire Regiment, 11th Bn. Died 26/02/1917. The fifty-second remembers Lieutenant Geoffrey Ewing Orton-Smith, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 6th Bn. attd. 1st/5th Bn. Died 01/03/1917, aged 25, Gunner Fred Parkes, Royal Field Artillery, 337th Bde. Died 04/03/1917, aged 38, Lance Serjeant Leonard William Smith, South Staffordshire Regiment, 1st/5th Bn. Died 14/03/1917, aged 21 and Engine Room Artificer 4th Class Alfred Russell, Royal Navy, H.M.S. Foyle. Died 15/03/1917, aged 26. The fifty-third remembers Private Roland Harry Perry, South Staffordshire Regiment, 1st Bn. Died 28/03/1917. The fifty-fourth remembers Corporal Harry Saunders, Royal Engineers, No. 2 Special Coy. Died 07/04/1917, aged 22, Gunner William F Hunt, Royal Field Artillery, C Bty. 170th Bde. Died 09/04/1917, aged 20, Corporal Archibald Pestridge, The Queen’s (Royal West Surrey Regiment), 6th Bn. Died 09/04/1917, aged 34 and Lance Corporal Sydney Arthur Ford, Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry, 6th Bn. Died 10/04/1917, aged 21. The fifty-fifth remembers Private Henry Morris, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st Bn. Died 17/04/1917, aged 28. The fifty-sixth remembers Private Edward Winwood, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, 10th Bn. Died 28/04/1917, Private Alfred Jordan, Worcestershire Regiment, 11th Bn. Died 28/04/1917, aged 25 and Lance Corporal Henry James Andrews, King’s Royal Rifle Corps, 7th Bn. Died 30/04/1917, aged 23. The fifty-seventh remembers Private Francis William Smith, Machine Gun Corps (Heavy Branch), “D” Bn. Died 03/05/1917, aged 28, Private Ernest Atkins, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd Bn. Died 04/05/1917, aged 24, Gunner Horace John Bartley, Royal Garrison Artillery. Died 07/05/1917, Private John Newman Connolly, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 14th Bn. Died 07/05/1917, aged 24, and Second Lieutenant Thomas Leslie Nichols, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 15th Bn. Died 08/05/1917, aged 25. The fifty-eighth remembers Captain Francis George Pecker, King’s Shropshire Light Infantry, 7th Bn. Died 18/05/1917, aged 30, Gunner Frank Rose, Royal Garrison Artillery, 121st Siege Bty. Died 19/05/1917, aged 20 and Private Percival Macready, Canadian Pioneers, 2nd Bn. Died 20/05/1917, aged 35. The fifty-ninth remembers Lance Corporal George Thomas Deeley, York & Lancaster Regiment, 8th Bn. Died 07/06/1917 and Private FT Secker, Royal Fusiliers, 26th Bn. Died 07/06/1917. The sixtieth remembers Private Walter De Meza, Army Service Corps, Mechanical Transport. Died 09/07/1917, aged 24 and Able Seaman Reginald Stanley, Royal Navy, HMS Vanguard. Died 09/07/1917, aged 21. The sixty-first remembers Private Benjamin Frederick Thomason, Coldstream Guards, 2nd bn. Died 16/07/1917, aged 26. The sixty-second remembers Lieutenant Christian Creswell Carver, Royal Field Artillery, “A”Bty. 83rd Bde. Died 23/07/1917, aged 20 and Sapper William Godfrey Jordan, Royal Engineers 204th Field Coy. Died 26/07/1917. The sixty-third remembers Private Bertram Manns, South Wales Borderers, 10th Bn. Died 31/07/1917, aged 23. The sixty-fourth remembers Gunner Thomas Field Busswell, Royal Field Artillery, 102nd Bde. Died 05/08/1917, aged 19 and Private Ernest Wall, Worcestershire Regiment, 3rd Bn. Died 06/08/1917, aged 36. The sixty-fifth remembers Corporal Sydney Charles Goodwin, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st/8th Bn. Died 17/08/1917, aged 24, Corporal William Slater, Royal Field Artillery 103rd Bde. Died 17/08/1917 aged 37 and Private Albert John Acock, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st/6th Bn. Died 18/08/1917. The sixty-sixth remembers Corporal Frederick John James Collett, Worcestershire Regiment, 2nd8th Bn. Died 28/08/1917, aged 22. The sixty-seventh remembers Engine Room Artificer 2nd Class John Frederick Dennis, Royal Navy, H.M. S/M “G9”. Died 16/09/1917, aged 31. The sixty-eighth remembers Lance Corporal William James Exon, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 18th Bn. Died 27/09/1917, aged 32, Private George Warner Cotterell, Australian Pioneers, 5th Bn. Died 30/09/1917 and Private Fred Beer, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 14th Bn. Died 04/10/1917, aged 21. The sixty-ninth remembers Lance Corporal William James Cook, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 16th Bn. Died 6/10/1917 aged 27, Private Edwin Maule, Worcester Regiment, 1st/7th Bn. Died 9/10/1917, Gunner George Henry Greaves, Royal Field Artillery, 130th Bty. 40th Bde. Died 10/10/1917 aged 24 and Lance Corporal Ernest Lapworth, Coldstream Guards, 4th Bn. Died 11/10/1917. The seventieth remembers Private Leo Horton Summerfield, Royal Berkshire Regiment, 6th Bn. Died 12/10/1917, aged 37. The seventy-first remembers Private William Richard Wheldon, Australian Army Medical Corps, 15th Field Amb. Died 25/10/1917, Private Arthur Benjamin Crumpton, Royal Marine Light Infantry, 1st R.M. Bn. R.N. Div. Died 26/10/1917, aged 19, Pioneer Henry Thomas Corbett, Royal Engineers, 26th Div. Signal Depot (Salonika). Died 27/10/1917, aged 21. The seventy-second remembers Lance Corporal Laurence Ernest Dabbs, Queen’s Own Worcestershire Hussars, 1st/1st. Died 15/11/1917, aged 22 and Gunner Frank Withers, Royal Garrison Artillery, 159th (Devon) Heavy Bty. Died 17/11/1917, aged 34. Bell ringer at Northfield and St Martin’s Guild member. The seventy-third remembers Second Lieutenant Leslie Melhuish, Yorkshire Regiment. Died 27/11/1917, aged 21 and Air Mechanic First Class Frederick Wainwright, Royal Naval Air Service, (Westgate). Died 28/11/1917. The seventy-fourth remembers Private Percy Garfield Gough, Hampshire Regiment, 1st Labour Coy. Died 01/12/1917, aged 34 and Second Lieutenant Fred Daniels, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd/5th Bn. Died 03/12/1917, aged 29. Awarded the Military Cross. The seventy-fifth remembers Private Charles Albert Wellington, Worcestershire Regiment, 11th Bn. Died 14/12/1917. The seventy-sixth remembers Gunner Alfred Edwin Meredith, Royal Garrison Artillery, 210th Siege Bty. Died 21/12/1917 and Private George Demeza, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, “B” Coy. 1st Bn. Died 24/12/1917, aged 25. The seventy-seventh remembers Private Arthur Parkes, Worcestershire Regiment, 2nd Bn. Died 29/12/1917, aged 26 and Corporal William Howard Reeves, Army Service Corps. Died 31/12/1917 aged 42. The seventy-eighth remembers Captain Victor Baillie Hill, King’s Royal Rifle Corps, 6th Bn. Died 15/01/1918. The seventy-nineth remembers Lieutenant JI Cuffley, Machine Gun Corps (Infantry), 61st Bn. Died 31/03/1918, aged 32. Awarded the Military Cross. The eightieth remembers Private Joseph Charles Adderley, Worcestershire Regiment, 3rd Bn. Died 22/03/1918, Second Lieutenant Samual Leonard Ward, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd/6th Bn. Died 22/03/1918, aged 21. Awarded the Military Cross. Also Private Victor Cartwright, Worcestershire Regiment, 10th Bn. Died 23/03/1918 aged 19. Bell ringer and member of the Worcester and Districts Change Ringing Association. Also Lieutenant William John Shorter, Royal Flying Corps. Died 24/03/1918, aged 20. The eighty-first remembers Private Henry Frederick Wilkes, Worcestershire Regiment, 11th Bn. Died 6/4/1918, aged 21 and Serjeant Percy Charles Knight, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd/6th Bn. Died 9/4/1918. The eighty-second was rung in Ipres, Belgium on Sunday 8 April to remember Private William Henry Keys, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd/6th Bn. Died 13/04/1918, aged 38. Bell ringer at St Peter’s Harborne and member of the Worcester and Districts Change Ringing Association. The eighty-third was rung on the 100th anniversary of the death of Private William Henry Keys of Harborne, Worcestershire. Died 13/04/1918 age 38. Royal Warwickshire Regiment 2nd/6th Bn. Service No.242965. Commemorated at Lapugnoy Military Cemetery, France, Grave IX B 15. William Henry Keys was one of the bell ringers at St Peter’s and rang a number of peals here, including the first by a local band: Grandsire Triples, on 05/02/1906. The eighty-fourth remembers Private Arthur Phipps, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers)1st/4th Bn. Died 12/4/1918, aged 19, Private William Henry Keys, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd/6th Bn. Died 13/4/1918, aged 39. Bell ringer of St Peter's Harborne and member of the Worcester and Districts Change Ringing Association, Private John Henry Wall, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st Bn. Died 15/4/1918, Captain WR Mansell, South Staffordshire Regiment, 2nd Bn. Died 16/4/1918 and Private Joseph Charles Yapp, Royal Warwickshire Regiment,10th Bn. Died 19/4/1918, aged 43. The eigthty-fifth remembers Private George Boswell, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st Bn. Died 27/04/1918, aged 30 and Private Edmund Thomas Westwood, Training Reserve,19th Bn. Died 27/04/1918, aged 41. The eighty-sixth remembers Private Joseph Austin, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st Bn. Died 09/05/1918. The eighty-seventh remembers Corporal William James Crump, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd/7th Bn. Died 11/05/1918, aged 31 and Private Cecil Hadley, South Staffordshire Regiment, 1st/6th Bn. Died 16/05/1918, aged 24. The eighty-eighth remembers Private Archibald Victor Austin, Royal Berkshire Regiment, 5th Bn. Died 25/05/1918, Private Thomas Reuben Mason, Worcestershire Regiment, 3rd Bn. Died 27/05/1918, aged 31, Private Frank Swinfen, Grenadier Guards, 2nd Bn. Died 27/05/1918, aged 33, Private Donald McDonald, Royal Berkshire Regiment, 2nd Bn. Died 27/05/1918, Private Gordon Clive Hill, Cheshire Regiment, 9th Bn. Died30/05/1918, aged 25 and Private Wilfred Lawrence Phillips, Durham Light Infantry, 5th Bn. Died 31/05 1918, aged 19. The eighty-nineth remembers Private Anthony Edwin Shirley, Machine Gun Corps, 48th Bn. Died 15/06/1918, aged 25 and Air Mechanic 2nd Class John Moscro Cranmore, Royal Airforce. Died 22/06/1918. The ninetieth remembers Private Thomas Merritt Evans Saunders, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1st Bn. Died 14/07/1918, aged 33 and Private John Richmond, South Lancashire Regiment, 2nd Bn. Died 15/07/1918. The ninety-first remembers Private Thomas Herbert Preece, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 15th Bn. The ninety-second remembers Able Seaman Fred William Neath, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserves, Hood Bn. Died 04/08/1918. The ninety-third remembers Private Ernest Smallman, Coldstream Guards, 1st Bn. Died 22/08/1918, aged 32 and Private FC Cooke, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 14th Bn. Died 23/08/1918. The ninety-fourth remembers Private Richard Gardner Carr, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, “B” Coy. 14th. Died 28/08/1918, aged 19, Private Joseph Edward Williams, Devonshire Regiment, 1st/5th Bn. Died 30/08/1918, Major Arthur William Keen, Royal Air Force, 40th Sqdn. Died 02/09/1918, aged 24 and awarded the Military Cross, Corporal William Cooper, Canadian Infantry, 10th Bn. Died 03/09/1918, aged 40 and awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal and Military Medal and Lance Corporal Frederick Thomas Longhurst, Worcestershire Regiment, 2nd/8th Bn. Died 03/09/1918, aged 30. The ninety-fifth remembers Private Harry Smith, North Staffordshire Regiment, “D” Coy. 12th. Died 12/09/1918, aged 39, Private Reginald David Mills, Royal Berkshire Regiment, 8th Bn. Died 19/09/1918, aged 21 and Captain Herbert Grendon Powers, 1st King George’s Own Ghurka Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), Adjt. 1st Bn. Died 19/09/1918, aged 25. Awarded the Military Cross. The ninety-sixth remembers Private Thomas Shirvington, London Regiment (Prince of Wales' Own Civil Service Rifles). Died 29/09/1918, aged 22 and Private Walter Perry, Worcestershire Regiment, 4th Bn. Died 30/09/1918, aged 24.Private Harry Smith, North Staffordshire Regiment, The ninety-seventh remembers Second Lieutenant Samuel Haynes, Somerset Light Infantry, 4th Bn. Died 04/10/1918 aged 28, Sapper Edgar Bell, Royal Engineers, 447th Field Coy. Died 07/10/1918, Private William Henry Lewis, Wiltshire Regiment, 7th Bn. Died 07/10/1918, aged 21, Rifleman Frank Phipps, King’s Royal Rifle Corps, 3rd Bn. Died 08/10/1918, aged 31 and Lieutenant Percy John Leatherland, The King’s (Liverpool Regiment), 3rd Bn. Died 10/10/1918, aged 27. The ninety-eighth remembers Lance Corporal George Joseph Davis, Royal Engineers, 20th (T.F.) Depot, Died16/10/1918, Sapper George Jackson, Royal Engineers, 17th Field Coy. Died 18/10/1918, aged 41, Private Eric Thomas Adams, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 10th Bn. Died 21/10/1918, Private Howard Rose, Army Service Corps. 272nd Coy. Died 23/10/1918, aged 25, Lance Corporal Walter Gossage, Lincolnshire Regiment, 2nd Bn. Died 23/10/1918, aged 38. St Martin’s Guild member and ringer at St Chad’s and Private Albert Thomas Vosper, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 2nd/7th Bn. Died 14/10/1918, aged 28. The ninety-nineth remembers Private Edward George Day, Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry 3rd Bn. Died 05/11/1918, aged 22 and Private D Gilligan, Worcestershire Regiment, 5th Bn. Died 08/11/1918, aged 23. The Hundreth was rung to mark the centenary of the signing of the Armistice, remembering all those from Harborne who were killed during the First World War. The hundreth and first remembers Lance Corporal John Frederick Price, Worcestershire Regiment, 1st/7th Bn. Died 16/11/1918, aged 38. The hundreth and second remembers Gunner Edward Davis, Royal Garrison Artillery, "O" Anti Aircraft Bty. Died 14/12/1918, aged 34. The hundreth and third remembers Air Mechanic 1st Class John Thomas Bate, Royal Airforce, Salonika Aircraft Park, Greece. Died 18/01/1919, aged 39 and Private F Howe, Royal Army Service Corps, 58th Div. M.T. Coy. Died 20/01/1919.ilitary CrossPrivate Harry Smith, North Staffordshire Regiment, The hundreth and fourth remembers Air mechanic 2nd Class Edward Henry Carlyon, Royal Airforce, 207th Sqdn. Died 27/01/1919, aged 19 and Corporal Joseph Hodges, Canadian Railway Troops. Died 31/01/1919, aged 30. The hundreth and fifth remembers Gunner Charles Dewsbury Cope, Royal Garrison Artillery, 115th Heavy Bty. Died 21/02/1919, aged 28, Gunner Frank Hubert Warr, Royal Garrison Artillery, 544th Bty. Died 21/02/1919, aged 34, Private William Ariel Farmer, Royal Army Service Corps. Died 24/02/1919, aged 32 and Private Edward Lovekin, Royal Army Service Corps. Died 27/02/1919, aged 24. The hundreth and sixth remembers Private George Alfred Rose, Devonshire Regiment Labour Coy. Died 02/03/1919, aged 34, and Chief Engine Room Artificer 2nd Class Philip Port, Royal Navy, HMS “President”. Died 14/03/1919, aged 40. The hundreth and seventh remembers Captain Frederick Raymond Burton, Labour Corps. Died 16/04/1919, aged 47. The hundreth and seventh remembers Gunner SJ Wyre, Royal Field Artillery, 396th Bty. Died 29/05/1919 and Captain Tom Alexander Savage, Royal Garrison Artillery, 10th Indian Mountain Artillery Bde. Died 26/06/1919, aged 37. A full Peal was rung on 30 June 2019 - Grandsire Triples, rung to mark the centenary of the signing of the Peace Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919. The hundreth and eighth remembers Private L Hardcastle, York and Lancaster Regiment, 13th Bn. Died 27/08/1919, aged 22. The hundreth and ninth remembers Air Mechanic 2nd Class FC Shaw, Royal Airforce. Died 04/09/1919, aged 18. The hundreth and tenth was rung half muffled for Remembrance Sunday (10.11.19) and remembered F Bryan, JHW Chadwick, W Golmans, H Green, AT Perry, F Phillips, F Preece, JH Richards, O Rose, F Swynter and H Waterfield – all soldiers from Harborne who lost their lives during or as a result of the First World War.“.D” Coy. 12th. Died 12/09/1918, aged 39 Private Reginald David Mills, Royal Berkshire Regiment, 8th Bn. Died 19/09/1918, aged 21 Captain Herbert Grendon Powers, 1st King George’s Own Ghurka Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), Adjt. 1st Bn. Died 19/09/1918, aged 25. Awarded the Military Cross To hear St Peter's bells click here. It is part of a Yorkshire Surprise Major peal rung on 10 April 2011. For further information on St. Peter's Bells, click here. St Peter's Church, Harborne, Birmingham, West Midlands, B17 0BB 2013 Designed by Harborne Computers Ltd.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2837
__label__wiki	0.886423	0.886423	ArtistsExhibitionsPublicationsEventsNewsPressAboutLocationsFollowPrivateSearchEnglish简繁 ArtistsExhibitionsPublicationsEventsNewsPressAboutLocationsFollowPrivateSearch enchct Beyond Canvas: Paintings on Paper and Metal Sohan Qadri & Nathan Slate Joseph Selected WorksThumbnailsBack About This Exhibition Sundaram Tagore Singapore brings together two established artists well known for their innovative use of materials: Indian-born Sohan Qadri and Israeli-American Nathan Slate Joseph. Sohan Qadri (1932-2011), who spent much of his working life in Copenhagen, Denmark, was a poet, painter and Tantric yogi. Deeply influenced by Buddhism and the act of painting as part of meditation, his brightly colored abstract works on heavy paper combine Tantric symbols and Western minimalism. Qadri abandoned representation early on in his long career, instead focusing on abstraction as a means to achieve transcendence. He would bathe the paper in acid-free water and once it was swollen with liquid, he would rhythmically serrate, puncture and score the surface with various gouging and cutting tools as part of his meditation practice. Imbued with inks and dyes in vibrant hues, the serrated surfaces take on a sculptural quality and appear to pulse with energy and rhythm. In Qadri’s hands, the very nature of paper was transformed from a flat, two-dimensional surface into a three-dimensional medium. Sohan Qadri was born in 1932 in Punjab, India. He received his MFA from the Government College of Art in Shimla, India. In 1965, he left India and traveled through East Africa, North America and Europe. He eventually set up a studio in Zurich before settling in Copenhagen where he lived for forty years. His work is included in the Peabody Essex Museum, Massachusetts; the Rubin Museum of Art, New York; and the National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi; as well as the private collections of Cirque du Soleil, Heinrich Böll and Dr. Robert Thurman. Nathan Slate Joseph, who has been an integral part of the New York School of Art for more than forty years, blurs the boundaries between painting and sculpture. Well known for his raw and tactile works that allude to issues of globalization, immigration and climate change, Joseph welds recycled steel plates into intricate, dimensional arrangements. Joseph begins his creative process by collecting discarded steel shards. After staining them with raw pigment and acid, he exposes them to outside weather conditions. In the process, the steel acquires a unique, rich patina and varied textures. Joseph then cuts the steel plates into various shapes with an acetylene torch and then spot welds them together. The rich, saturated colors of Joseph’s work reference his international roots. Born in Israel to an Austrian father and a mother whose family originated in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan, he settled in New York City in the early 1960s. Much like contemporaries Frank Stella, Carl Andre and John Chamberlain, Joseph began his career by experimenting with scrap metal and other found objects. A shift toward his dramatic color palette was inspired by a visit to Mexico in the 1970s and consolidated Joseph’s contribution to the junk art movement. Nathan Slate Joseph has collaborated with the renowned architect Adam Tihany on multiple projects, and his work is installed at Jean Georges at the Trump International Hotel, New York; Inagiku at the Waldorf-Astoria, New York; onesixtyblue restaurant, Chicago; and the Dan Eilat Hotel, Eilat, Israel. He was awarded an Art in Architecture Award from the American Institute of Architects in 2003 for his work on the Harlem Patchwork Building. Notable private collectors include artist John Chamberlain, singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell, and chef Jean-Georges Vongerichten. His paintings have been acquired by the Art in Embassies Program, Washington, DC, for United States embassies in Cyprus, Mexico and Turkey. His work was most recently acquired by the Zimmerli Museum in New Jersey. Established in 2000 in New York City, Sundaram Tagore Gallery is devoted to examining the exchange of ideas between Western and non-Western cultures. With locations in New York, Hong Kong and Singapore, the gallery focuses on developing exhibitions and hosting not-for-profit events that encourage spiritual, social and aesthetic dialogues. In a world where communication is instant and cultures are colliding and melding as never before, our goal is to provide venues for art that transcend boundaries of all sorts. With alliances across the globe, our interest in cross-cultural exchange extends beyond the visual arts into many other disciplines, including poetry, literature, performance art, film and music. For more information, email singapore@sundaramtagore.com, call +65 6694 3378 or visit www.sundaramtagore.com. Artists Publications Press View All Sohan Qadri Beyond Canvas NY \| CHELSEA tel +1-212-677-4520 NY \| MADISON AVE 5 Lock Road 01-05 Gillman Barracks Open Tu - Sat 57-59 Hollywood Road	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2838
__label__wiki	0.50145	0.50145	Etusivu › Ajankohtaista › Postdoctoral Fellow in Computational Oncology – University of Helsinki Postdoctoral Fellow in Computational Oncology – University of Helsinki https://www.helsinki.fi/en/open-positions/postdoctoral-fellow-in-computational-oncology Join the Systems Biology of Drug Resistance in Cancer research group (https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/systems-biology-of-drug-resist…) in University of Helsinki, Finland as POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW IN COMPUTATIONAL ONCOLOGY to discover combination therapies to overcome chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. We have collected one of the largest high-quality data set that consists of WGS, bulk RNA-seq, whole-genome DNA methylation, ctDNA, single-cell RNA-seq or single-cell proteomics data from >1000 samples taken from 200 patients before and after chemotherapy within pan-Europe HERCULES (https://project-hercules.eu/) project. Complete and curated clinical data offers various data mining and integration opportunities in addition to the sequencing data. Our network enables validation of computational results and as well as translation of the validated results to clinic. We expect: • Strong methodological expertise. For example, in fields of statistics, applied mathematics, engineering or bioinformatics. • Demonstrated track record of research experience in relevant subject areas, such as multivariate data analysis, machine learning, or mathematical modelling. • Ability to both conduct research independently and work in collaborative multidisciplinary projects • Good knowledge of English, both written and spoken • Basic understanding of cancer biology is considered as an advantage • Excellent data, mentoring and infrastructure to conduct science at the highest level. • A postdoctoral position for 3 years with a possibility for extension. • A salary based on experience. Starting salary for a recently graduated postdoc is approx. 3500€ • an international multidisciplinary research environment with state-of-the-art facilities and computational resources • occupational health services, flexible working hours, and excellent sports facilities, among other benefits of working for the biggest and highest ranking university in Finland The Systems Biology of Drug Resistance in Cancer research group is part of the cross-disciplinary Systems Oncology research program (https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/research-program-in-systems-on…) at the Faculty of Medicine in University of Helsinki, Finland. The medical center ranks at the top 10 medical campuses in Europe and among the top 50 globally. Apply at latest on 30.9.2020. Application should include a short cover letter describing your areas of expertise and motivation, CV and list of publications. The application, together with the required attachments, must be submitted through the University of Helsinki electronic recruitment system by clicking on ’Apply for the position’ link. Internal applicants must submit their applications through the SAP HR portal. Further information is available from the group leader, professor Sampsa Hautaniemi, sampsa.hautaniemi(at)helsinki.fi, Tel. +358 50 336 4765. The University of Helsinki (UH), founded in 1640, is a vibrant scientific community of 40,000 students and researchers. It is one of the leading multidisciplinary research universities and ranks among the top 100 international universities in the world. It is currently investing heavily in life sciences research. UH offers comprehensive services to its employees, including occupational health care and health insurance, sports facilities, and opportunities for professional development. Together with the Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) and the Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), the Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, constitutes the Academic Medical Center Helsinki (AMCH). This medical center has been very successful in international comparisons, ranking among the top 10 medical campuses in Europe and among the top 50 globally. 30.09.2020 23:59 EEST	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2839
__label__wiki	0.904487	0.904487	You are here: Home » Archives for KFXD Tag: "KFXD" TALKERS \| January 7, 2014 CEO Caine Set to Depart WestwoodOne. As WestwoodOne becomes a fully integrated Cumulus Media division, chief executive officer Paul Caine will leave later this month. According to Cumulus chief executive officer Lew Dickey, “Paul is an extremely talented media executive and did an excellent job of guiding WestwoodOne during a period of change. He positioned the company for future growth and played an instrumental role in driving a constructive transaction, which delivered value for his shareholders. We look forward to working with Paul in the next chapter of his impressive career.” Caine is “so proud of the team we’ve built and what we’ve accomplished” at the company. “In such a short time, we have proven the power of sound and its impact on the future of the audio industry,” he remarks. “I am confident that this great momentum will continue under Cumulus and the strong talent and leadership of Lew Dickey.” Less than one year ago (April 2013), Caine was announced as chief executive officer of Dial Global (now WestwoodOne) and as a member of the company’s board of directors. He previously spent nearly 25 years at Time Inc., where he led the development of digital formats. New Media Expo and CES Update. “If I were Howard Stern I would go to a subscription podcasting model.” Those were the words of Courtside Entertainment Group and PodcastOne CEO Norm Pattiz speaking at yesterday morning’s keynote address at 2014 New Media Expo (formerly Blogworld). Media consultant Holland Cooke is in Las Vegas reporting for TALKERS magazine and he has more from Pattiz. Also check out his notes from the first day of the 2014 International Consumer Electronics Show where he reports back on the new technology that is relevant to the radio and content business. Check it out here. Grant Paulsen and Danny Rouhier Host Middays on WJFK-FM, Washington. Speculation that Don Geronimo would re-surface during the day on CBS RADIO’s sports talk WJFK-FM, Washington “106.7 The Fan” have been squelched as the station debuted its new midday show co-hosted by Grant Paulsen and Danny Rouhier (Geronimo remains with the station hosting the evening show). Rouhier had been working with Holden Kushner during the 10:00 am to 2:00 pm slot previously. Kushner remains with the station hosting weekends and participating in the station’s Washington Nationals coverage. Paulsen has been serving as the station’s Redskins beat reporter for the past four years. WPRO, Providence Talk Host John DePetro Returns to Air; Critics Remain Steadfast. Providence talk show host John DePetro – host of the late morning show on Cumulus Media’s WPRO, Providence – returned to the air on Monday after being off for the month of December. DePetro and local union leader Maureen Martin – chairwoman of the anti-DePetro organization For Our Daughers RI – appear fated to continue their battle over DePetro’s employment with the station. DePetro recently rankled Martin and other Rhode Island union members after he referred to some of them as “parasites,” “cockroaches,” “hags” and “whores” during a rant about their participation in a protest. DePetro apologized for his choice of words but Martin is not backing off her campaign to oust DePetro from his position via boycott of the station’s advertisers and a petition drive. The latest news in the skirmish is Martin publicly claiming DePetro was accused of sexual assault in 2013. The Providence Journal-operated PolitiFact.com reports that it researched the matter to discover DePetro was accused of sexual harassment in 2012. After connecting with Martin, PolitiFact.com reports the organization changed the date – from 2013 to 2012 – on its petition but has not altered the accusation to harassment. Although harassment is a civil matter and assault is a felony, Martin insists to PolitiFact.com that an unwanted sexual advance is assault, according to the U.S. Department of Justice – which the news organization disputes. Regardless, DePetro appears ready for battle, addressing the issue upon his return Monday saying, “Politicians and unions should not interfere and try to silence public opinion. Period. That’s it…They want to silence the people. The last time I checked, this is still America.” Comrex Names Raul Hun Latin America Sales Manager. Comrex Corporation announces the appointment of Raul Hun to manage Latin America sales for the company. Hun, a native of Panama, brings over 15 years of experience in providing studio and transmission solutions to broadcasters throughout Central and South America. He most recently worked for the Telos Alliance and Broadcast Electronics. Comrex director of sales Chris Crump comments, “Raul is one of the most well-liked gentlemen in our industry and we are thrilled to have him on our team. The great work that Jim Godfrey has done for us in the region will certainly be strengthened by the strong dealer and customer relationships that Raul has developed over the years in Latin America.” Review: The Audio Technica AT2005USB Microphone. Whether you record podcasts or take your talk show on the road (or both!), a good portable USB mic is a very handy thing. Talk show host Michael W. Dean offers this thorough review of the Audio Technica AT2005USB mic. He writes, “This would be a great mic for hosts who travel a lot, and don’t want to bring a mixer and a whole bag of gear or an engineer. It’s a regular-sized dynamic mic that sounds fairly amazing. It has a built-in USB interface, and comes with a nifty collapsible tripod table stand and a USB cable. You could fit that all in a netbook case with a small laptop.” For the entire review, pics and a sound sample, click here. Odds & Sods. Rich Summers is the new operations manager for Townsquare Media’s news/talk KIDO, Boise and its sister sports talk station KFXD “Sports Radio 630 The Fan.” Summers joined the station group as program director of country KAWO…..At Yahoo! Sports Radio, there’s been a lineup change: “Hit ‘Em Up with Geoff Ketchum” moves to the 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm ET slot and a new afternoon drive program, “Prime Cut featuring Sean Salisbury and John Granato,” launches in the 4:00 pm to 8:00 pm ET timeslot…..In addition to yesterday’s news that the Clear Channel Media + Entertainment digital audio platform iHeartRadio will be available on some new car entertainment and information systems, the company is promoting the service will soon be available on Qualcomm’s multi-media AllPlay smart media platform, the new AT&T Drive auto platform and others. The announcement was made at day one of the 2014 International Consumer Electronics Show. MSNBC-Romney Controversy, Winter Cold Snap/Global Warming, Kerry’s Iran-Syria Solution, Colorado Pot Law Effects, Chicago Gun Ban Overturned, and SCOTUS Utah Gay Marriage Ruling Among Top News/Talk Stories Yesterday (1/6). MSNBC’s forced apology after a program aired in which comedians made fun of Mitt Romney’s adopted, African-American grandson; the bitter winter weather affecting much of the United States and the controversy over its cause; criticism over John Kerry’s reaching out to Iran in an effort to solve the civil unrest in Syria; the effects of the new marijuana laws in Colorado; the overturning of Chicago’s ban on the purchase and sale of guns in the city; and the Supreme Court’s overturning of Utah’s gay marriage law were some of the most-talked-about stories on news/talk radio yesterday, according to ongoing research from TALKERS. TALKERS \| October 11, 2011 WWWN-FM, Chicago Midday Anchor Dave Williams Exits Merlin Station. The first high-profile firing at Merlin Media’s Chicago all-newser claims veteran news and talk radio pro Dave Williams. Numerous reports indicate Williams was let go after a station visit from Merlin Media management that included CEO Randy Michaels but not COO Walter Sabo. Industry watchers note that there’s been near constant tweaking of the on-air sound at Merlin’s WWWN-FM, Chicago and WEMP-FM, New York but the departure of Williams has triggered a change that appears to be taking the stations away from the “lifestylish” approach to news and toward a much more traditional all-news direction. This, according to widespread street buzz, could put Walter Sabo’s future with Merlin in doubt as he is generally recognized as the architect of the innovative direction that has marked the company’s questionable starts in both Chicago and New York. As pointed out here last week, although industry conventional wisdom indicates that it takes time – as much as a year or more – for spoken-word upstarts to gain ratings traction (especially groundbreaking ones), today’s economically stressed environment and “ADD/PPM world” pressure for instantaneous results would likely contribute to nervous investors and the knee jerk response to make changes…especially at an extremely high-profile operation as Randy Michaels’ Merlin Media. Thus, the “big tweak” might be morphing into a significant format change. Meanwhile, Williams, who spent most of his career working in news and talk radio in California at such stations as KNX, KABC and KFWB in Los Angeles and KFBK in Sacramento, is looking for his next opportunity after moving from California three months ago to become part of the new Merlin station. Westwood One’s Dennis Miller and Fox News Channel’s Bill O’Reilly Partner for Live Shows. The last time Bill O’Reilly did a series of live events, then-FNC employed Glenn Beck was his partner. This time Dennis Miller – a man who is no stranger to the live stage – joins O’Reilly for the “Bolder and Fresher” tour with stops at the Mohegan Sun Casino in Uncasville, Connecticut; the Landmark Theatre in Richmond, Virginia; Borgata Hotel and Casino in Atlantic City; and the Segerstrom Center for the Arts in Costa Mesa, California. It’s billed as “Bill O’Reilly, godfather of ‘no spin’ and in-your-face television, and Dennis Miller, the king of references and rants, are teaming up to take the country by storm!” Tickets are not cheap for this event. The cheap seats are $95 and the VIP tix are $500 but include a meet-and-greet, photos with O’Reilly and Miller and autographs. Premiere Networks’ George Noory Publishes New Book Talking to the Dead. The host of Premiere’s “Coast to Coast AM” joins forces with paranormal experts and co-author Rosemary Ellen Guiley to author Talking to the Dead (Forge Books 2011) – the third book for George Noory. According to Noory, the book “explores the colorful history and personalities behind spirit communications, weaving together spirituality, metaphysics, science and technology.” Billed as a high-tech guide to spiritual communications, “Noory and Guiley use historical research to explore the science behind radio wave production and how radios carry supernatural voices; examples of successful spiritual communication around the globe; the possible existence of parallel universes from which we hear voices; the history of electromagnetic communication methods, including work by scientific giants like Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla; and much more.” Peak Broadcasting Goes Sports Full Time on KFXD, Boise. KFXD has been positioned as KIDO 630 in the past as a sister sports and talk outlet to news/talk KIDO 580. Dan Patrick’s DirecTV-produced show has been part of the lineup for years. Now, Peak Broadcasting gives the station a separate identity and takes it sports full time as SportsRadio 630 The Fan. The station keeps Dan Patrick in AM drive and uses content from Fox Sports Radio throughout the day except for the local Riley Corcoran show from 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm and the Tester and Riley show (in which Dave Tester joins Corcoran) from 5:00 pm to 6:00 pm. TRN’s Michael Savage Gains Clearance in Phoenix. Talk Radio Network star Michael Savage is back in the Phoenix market on Francis Battaglia-owned KFNX in the afternoon drive slot airing from 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm. Savage’s program was last cleared in the market on Clear Channel’s KFYI. Obama Jobs Bill, ‘Occupy Wall Street,’ 2012 GOP Candidates and Euro Zone Instability Among Top News/Talk Stories Yesterday (10/10). The fate of President Obama’s jobs bill, the ongoing ‘Occupy Wall Street’ movement, the battle for the Republican nomination for president and the policies to stabilize the Euro Zone’s economy were some of the most-talked-about stories on news/talk radio yesterday.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2840
__label__wiki	0.541018	0.541018	The Cubicle Report Covering The Sports World From Behind Fabric Walls Posted by Joey Karisma at 9:03 AM It's amazing how having nothing to do really reduces your desire and capacity to do anything at all. I had assumed that my summer with no responsibilities would result in an abundance of new material on this website but as you can deduce by the date of the last post, that hasn't been the case. The Cubs and White Sox have both been riding their 1st place waves, the Bears have scuffled through the least inspiring quarterback competition I have ever witnessed, and the Bulls lucked into the #1 overall pick and drafted who I sincerely hope is the point guard in the Deron Williams/Chris Paul talent range like the experts all claim. And through every critical moment in the paths of my favorite teams, there I have sat, thinking "I should really write something about that... eh, I'll do it later." Having no structure in my life is apparently not a good thing. Other than a move to Los Angeles, I can't really say I've accomplished much this summer. However, there is a light at the end of the tunnel, and with the light only a few days ahead, it's become too blinding to ignore. That's right, football season is here. The epitome of structure in the world of sports, the NFL season is about to begin and will hopefully kick me back into some sort of productive writing routine. So with that, let us begin with what else... NFL predictions for the upcoming season. Now as I mentioned, no routine has severely reduced my productivity, which includes keeping up with what's been going on through training camps and preseason games. But I'm sure that you, my reader(s), will understand... 1. New England Patriots (12-4) - So... how do you follow up the most memorable one-loss season in the history of the NFL? Well, playing in the AFC East will help cure a lot of their ills. They're a little older, and teams are a little wiser playing them, but the Patriots are still the class of the division and should coast to another division title and first-round bye. Tom Brady could dominate this division with one leg, which coincidentally, he might have to do... 2. Buffalo Bills (8-8) - Dick Jauron still only has one winning season in his entire coaching tenure. Until proven otherwise, I can't possibly go above .500 with this team. I do like the talent they have, but their quarterback is still developing and who is going to line up opposite Lee Evans? If the pattern holds, the Bills will start slowly, then come on strong at the end of the season to save Jauron's job yet again. 3. New York Jets (8-8) - Yes, yes, Brett Favre is the quarterback. I get it. Where was he during the OTAs though? And through training camp? And in the first preseason game? Oh yeah, that's right, he just got there. I don't care who you are, it takes some time to adjust to a new system, and Favre isn't exactly getting younger. Was he taking care of himself this offseason? Is he in shape? Is he going to wear down? Too many questions to rank this team any higher than this. 4. Miami Dolphins (5-11) - Whoever invented the term "rebuilding" is a genius because it allows teams that you know are going to stink a free pass on the season. Low expectations are always welcomed by new coaching staffs. Chad Pennington, when not injured, should be serviceable, and I'm hoping (for fantasy purposes) that Ricky Williams stays on the right side of crazy, but there are plenty of holes on this team that will take some time to fill in. They won't be filled in this season... 1. Pittsburgh Steelers (10-6) - I actually feel like the Steelers will be better than this record, but when I went through the season schedule, somehow this is what I came up with. But the potential is there, with plenty of offensive weapons at Big Ben's disposal. In a division with plenty of question marks, the Steelers look like the most solid of the bunch. 2. Cleveland Browns (8-8) - When weighing my quarterback options for my fantasy draft, I saw Derek Anderson sitting there among the top-ranked at his position. His ceiling is quite high, with an assortment of receivers all capable of breaking games wide open. But this is still Derek Anderson we're talking about. He couldn't beat out Charlie Frye to start last season, faded terribly at the end of the year, and still has Brady Quinn looking over his shoulder. Add in a defense that still hasn't stopped anybody... yeah, .500 seems about right. 3. Cincinnati Bengals (7-9) - Where to begin with this team... Well, they brought Chris Henry back, so there's that. Chad Johnson Ocho Cinco is still insane. The defense is still questionable. I feel Carson Palmer took a step backwards last season. I can't possibly trust this team to put forth any sort of consistent play this season. Sure, they'll have some nice wins, but I see some bad losses with this team. 4. Baltimore Ravens (6-10) - Kyle Boller, Troy Smith, and Joe Flacco? And I thought the Bears' quarterback competition was depressing. Add in Willis McGahee already being nicked up, Todd Heap being a complete disaster last year, and Ray Lewis and Co. all being a year older and this team looks like it has a long season ahead... 1. Indianapolis Colts (11-5) - Anybody who thinks Peyton Manning would miss any regular season time obviously doesn't follow Peyton Manning. Even after his Super Bowl MVP performance, questions about his "clutchness" continue to persist, especially after losing to the woefully undermanned Chargers in the playoffs and watching erratic younger brother, Eli, duplicate his MVP performance. Peyton wants to establish his greatness by breaking every record he can, including consecutive games played. He won't sit out a game unless the coaching staff literally straps his down during warmups. 2. Jacksonville Jaguars (11-5) - At some point, the Jaguars are going to knock off the Colts to claim the division, right? I mean, we've been talking about this for years now, but every year the Colts hang on for the title. David Garrard and Maurice Jones-Drew form an impressive offensive combination to go along with a defense that just drafted even more linemen. I still don't know who's going to catch the ball, but they'll have enough firepower to claim the top wild card spot. 3. Tennessee Titans (9-7) - For the second year in a row, I have the Titans at 9-7 and I'm not entirely sure why. At the same time, Jeff Fisher has this team playing solid football every year and I'm not entirely sure how. Of course the season, as the last couple, will depend on how far Vince Young has come. Now in his third season, it's time to show what he's made of. 4. Houston Texans (6-10) - "Everybody believes the Texans are building a team the right way, but they're not there yet." I wrote that in last season's prediction post. I see no reason to change that this time around... 1. San Diego Chargers (12-4) - Behind Norv Turner, this team made great strides towards the championship... wait, let me read that again... I'll tell you, I never expected to type those words in my life, but there they are. This team scraped its way to the AFC Championship game, getting by the Colts and playing the Patriots tight. Now everybody is back healthy and has had a taste of what to expect. They're a trendy pick to represent the conference in the Super Bowl, and it's tough to argue, although the Merriman injury does raise some concern. 2. Denver Broncos (9-7) - Can we officially scratch off the "Genius" label from Mike Shanahan's business cards? Other than frustrating fantasy owners, Shanahan hasn't done much with the talent he's accumulated these last few years. Jay Cutler may be ready to take the leap, but this team is a far cry from the dominating team of several years ago. So why do I have them making the playoffs? Well, it's tradition to see the Colts destroy this team in the first round, and I don't like to mess with tradition... 3. Oakland Raiders (6-10) - JaMarcus Russell and Darren McFadden. It sounds like a great combination... in a year or two. The duo will go through some growing pains their first season together, but it's an interesting story to follow. If they both live up to the hype, the Raiders may be a force in the not-so-distant future. Of course, they'll have to upgrade from the Ronald Curry and the player formerly known as Javon Walker at WR. 4. Kansas City Chiefs (5-11) - I thought the Chiefs were going to be one of the worst teams in the league... and then they manhandled the Bears first unit in the first preseason game. That did not give me confidence in my own team, but it did remind me that the Chiefs at least one offensive weapon in Larry Johnson. If he's healthy, he should carry the team behind a questionable offensive line. But one player won't carry a team beyond a handful of wins. 1. Dallas Cowboys (12-4) - If the Cowboys don't easily control the division (and conference) this season, somebody is going to get fired, and it's not going to be Jerry Jones. The Cowboys have weapons at every position and a defense that can play with any team. I think their only weakness may be Jessica Simpson. 2. New York Giants (9-7) - Now the hard part begins... The team went 10-6 last year on their path to the Super Bowl but now as the crowned champs, opponents will be gunning for the Giants every game. Has Eli really shaken off all the inconsistency issues, or was the title run just a lucky consistency peak in his ever-fluctuating football career? I'm leaning towards the latter... 3. Philadelphia Eagles (8-8) - It's a shame that this division is so stacked because the Eagles would most likely win either the NFC North or West. However, being stuck in the East, the Eagles have a tough hill to climb. If Donovan McNabb can stay healthy, they can beat any team in their division, but he'll need his receivers to stay healthy as well, which hasn't been the case so far. 4. Washington Redskins (7-9) - They say not to make too much of the preseason, and that's good advice for Redskins fans, as Washington has been trounced in their last two games. Washington is looking for big things from Jason Campbell, but much like the Eagles, it will be difficult to accomplish much when even a decent team is still the fourth best in this division. 1. Minnesota Vikings (10-6) - Adrian Peterson and the defense alone will win the division for the Vikings. Anything Tarvaris Jackson gives them will be a bonus. Bernard Berrian on turf will help, although don't expect to include him on the run blocking... They didn't get Brett Favre, but as long as that wasn't a huge distraction, the Vikings should claim the division title. 2. Green Bay Packers (9-7) - So... what's new? In what might be the most closely examined Packers season in a long time, Aaron Rodgers takes the helm as somebody other than #4 takes the snaps for the first time in what's seemed like the last 74 years. Somehow, even as a backup, Rodgers has had two season-ending injuries in the last three years, which is something that probably makes Packers fans nervous. But they do have surprise star Ryan Grant in the backfield and a solid defense, in addition to 4 games against the Lions and the Bears... I think the Packers will be just fine... 3. Detroit Lions (7-9) - Mike Martz is gone... so now who do they blame when things don't go well? Jon Kitna is suddenly the senior quarterback in the division, but that doesn't necessarily inspire confidence in duplicating his numbers from the last few seasons. He's a nice quarterback, but when Tatum Bell is atop your depth chart (even though Kevin Smith should get most the carries), it's not a good thing. 4. Chicago Bears (5-11) - You would think it pains me to list the Bears this low, but I'm hoping that low expectations softens the trauma that I'm most likely about to feel this season. Kyle Orton at quarterback. Rookie Matt Forte at running back. Five #4 receivers running routes down the field. A defense that can no longer tackle. Fantastic... The only exciting part of this team is Devin Hester, and they're reducing his returns this year to keep him fresh as a receiver. How much energy does it take to watch punts sail out of bounds? 1. New Orleans Saints (11-5) - Is Reggie Bush an elite running back? That's the question of the season for the Saints, and at the moment, the answer is "no". However, they do have a plethora of receiving options, including Jeremy Shockey. This makes me, the owner of Drew Brees, very happy. However, there were holes on both sides of the ball for this team last year, and I'm not sure how well the defense has been fixed. But the offensive firepower alone should be able to control the division. 2. Carolina Panthers (10-6) - With a healthy Jake Delhomme, a healthy Jonathan Stewart, and an unsuspended Steve Smith, this team will have plenty of talent on the offensive side of the ball. Reports have Julius Peppers back to his old ways, which will be a welcomed sight to Panthers fans. However, I feel that there are still more questions (see: injuries, suspensions) for Carolina than New Orleans, which is why I'm putting them here, claiming the top wild card spot. 3. Tampa Bay Buccaneers (9-7) - Yet another team linked to the Favre drama this offseason. Like the Vikings, the Buccaneers failed to acquire the veteran quarterback. However, unlike the Vikings, there is no Adrian Peterson in the backfield to pick up the slack. They do have Jeff Garcia, who just continues to plug along and prove his doubters wrong. While it may not be exciting, it has been efficient. But I just don't see this team climbing over the two above it. 4. Atlanta Falcons (3-13) - This team was awful last season and is now throwing in a rookie quarterback from Day 1 to lead the team from the abyss that Michael Vick left them in. Yeah, good luck with that. Falcon fans are hoping that the "throw him into the fire" approach will have Matt Ryan follow the path that Peyton Manning took, but even Manning struggled the first season. Michael Turner will help, but it'll be time for great patience in Atlanta. 1. Seattle Seahawks (8-8) - I've obviously saved the best division for last here... It's a shame that any of these teams have to make the playoffs, but that's the situation we're in, so I'm going with the team with the most experienced head coach and quarterback. Seems logical enough. Seattle will probably end up with a better record simply because of the teams in their division, but there's always one awful division that gets people worked up about the playoff structure, and I'm going with this one. 2. Arizona Cardinals (5-11) - Anquan Boldin is upset. Edgerrin James is older. Matt Leinart can't find the field. Sounds like a great recipe to the season. How much of a leash is Kurt Warner going to have? Will Boldin become a distraction? Will the Arizona Cardinals ever stop being the Arizona Cardinals? By this prediction, I'm apparently saying "not this year". 3. St. Louis Rams (5-11) - Well, Steven Jackson made it to camp, so that's a plus. But this team completely fell apart last season, with or without Jackson, and I don't know if they've really improved themselves that much. Marc Bulger is still accurate when healthy, but how long will he hold out? Torry Holt is older and the other side of the field needs to find a replacement for Isaac Bruce not named Drew Bennett... They did add Chris Long to the defense, but the left side of the defensive line has a lot of miles on their collective tires. 4. San Francisco 49ers (5-11) - Remember when everybody was on the Frank Gore bandwagon as a top fantasy football pick? Yeah, funny how things change. Of course, Gore is the least of the 49ers problems this season, as here we find yet another inspiring quarterback competition between J.T. O'Sullivan, Shaun Hill, and the immortal Alex Smith. Really, do I need to say anything else to explain why I have this team with only 5 wins? Okay then... AFC Wild Card Round Indianapolis over Denver - Just because it's what's meant to be... Jacksonville over Pittsburgh - The Jaguars have the defensive players to contain the Steelers offense and their offense will find just enough points to get out of Pittsburgh with a win. NFC Wild Card Round Minnesota over New York Giants - With a stud defense and home field advantage, the Vikings dethrone the Giants and the questions about Eli start up once again. Carolina over Seattle - Somehow, the wild card Panthers gets a better draw than the division winner Vikings. Carolina cruises to an easy victory. AFC Divisional Round San Diego over Jacksonville - The Chargers return to the AFC Championship game with an instant classic over the Jaguars. New England over Indianapolis - Wow, the AFC matchups are just so much more intriguing than the NFC. The Patriots squeak by the Colts, closing out Tony Dungy's career. NFC Divisional Round Dallas over Carolina - The Cowboy defense smothers Steve Smith and pressures Jake Delhomme into key mistakes. The offense finishes the job. Minnesota over New Orleans - They say a good defense always beats a good offense. That, for no other reason, has me going with the Vikings. San Diego over New England - On one hand, we have the questions surrounding the Patriots' aura of invincibility being irreparably damaged. On the other hand, we have questions about an injury to Shawne Merriman. I'll go with concern about one player over concern for the entire team. Dallas over Minnesota - Yes, the Vikings' defense is good, but so is the Cowboys' and the Vikings are still being run by Tarvaris Jackson. Dallas will do just enough to contain Adrian Peterson and ride back into the Super Bowl. Dallas over San Diego - As I went through the entire season schedule, team by team, game by game, I could not find any obvious weakness or flaw in the Cowboys makeup. They have the offense, they have the defense, they have the special teams, they have the playmakers. They are a complete team that should easily handle the NFC and then cause Norv Turner to revert back into Norv Turner while facing his old team. The Chargers make it one step closer than last season, but have to settle for runner-up. Of course, this all looks silly if Merriman is hurt more than he's letting on. They'll still claim their division, but they won't be able to run through the AFC playoffs, much less the Super Bowl, without his talent lining up on every down. So with that being said, feel free to go bet on anybody other than Dallas and San Diego with complete confidence... - Football, NFL, Predictions Joey Karisma Sports Guy Ben Gordon (1) Ben Wallace (1) Drew Gooden (1) Illinois Fighting Illini (1) Larry Hughes (1) Memphis Tigers (1) North Carolina Tar Heels (1) Predictions (28) Rex Grossman (1) Shawn Marion (1) Tennessee Volunteers (1)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2844
__label__wiki	0.975505	0.975505	Album Reviews: Big Pleasures from Little-Known Acts By Jeff Burger, Contributor Giulia Millanta, Moonbeam Parade. What first drew me to this album was that Michael Fracasso, one of my favorite artists, not only declared himself a Giulia Millanta fan but contributed vocals to one track. That track, the melancholy “If You Ask Me,” turns out to be just one of the highlights on this eclectic, adventurous, well-sung CD—her fifth, and the first to feature her on electric guitar. There is some lyrically rich original material here; and the set also includes an intense, innovative cover of David Bowie’s “R&R Suicide” that the Florence, Italy-born singer delivers mostly in Italian, with English-language vocal assistance from Giant Sand’s Howe Gelb. Another winner is the exuberant “Silvery Gown,” which Millanta says “is about embracing and transcending your pain and self-doubt and letting go of your fears.” That, in fact, is what the now Austin, Texas-based artist seems to do throughout this live-in-the-studio recording, which finds her writing about vulnerabilities and taking musical chances that mostly pay off. The Connells, Stone Cold Yesterday: Best of the Connells. I tend to go on hype alert when I spot an album from a group I’ve never heard of that has “Best of” in the title. But the Connells, who topped European charts in the '90s with the catchy “’74-’75” and scored an alt-radio hit with “Stone Cold Yesterday,” fully deserve this compilation. So why aren't the group (whose current lineup still perform) more famous? Probably because their addictive melodies and fine harmony vocals and guitar work don’t add up to a sound that’s distinctive enough to set them apart from the competition. Still, based on this program of 16 singles from 1987 to 1998, you could argue that the Connells rank among the best lost pop rock groups of the 80s and '90s. The band hail from North Carolina but their first album was initially released in Europe by a U.K. label; and, as the liner notes here point out, their early sound had much in common with British contemporaries like Echo and the Bunnymen and the Smiths. I’m also reminded of power-pop outfits like the Raspberries, the Knack, the Bluebells, and Dwight Twilley. Gonzalo Bergara, Zalo’s Blues. Good luck pigeonholing this CD, which references blues in its title, imports to iTunes in the jazz genre, and comes loaded with early rock and roll influences. In fact, the Buenos Aires, Argentina-based Bergara—who has previously been known for his Gypsy jazz guitar performances—draws on all those genres and more on this captivating album, his first with electric instruments. Ably backed throughout by a bassist and drummer, he is a soulful singer; but the chief attraction is his fluid, lightning-fast guitar work, which will have you drawing comparisons to the likes of Jimmy Page, Stevie Ray Vaughn, and Jeff Beck. The excellent compositions are all original with the exception of Jimmy Reed’s “You Don’t Have to Go.” Lisa Said, No Turn Left Behind. Said is a first-generation American whose parents moved to Memphis, Tennessee from Cairo. But don’t expect any Egyptian music on No Turn Left Behind, her first full-length album, where she sounds no more Middle Eastern than the “American Girl” Tom Petty sang about. Her chief influences seem to be the rock and roll she heard growing up in the South: acts like the Stones and the Pretenders, plus a dollop of country. I would have made her vocals a bit more prominent in the mix on some of these tracks, but this is an impressive debut—sexy, smart, and eminently playable. Johnny Nicholas, Fresh Air. Longtime blues vocalist/guitarist/harmonica player Johnny Nicholas shines on this latest CD, which includes 11 songs written or co-written by the Austin, Texas-based artist. Also here are a steamy version of Howlin’ Wolf’s classic “Back Door Man” and a funky reading of Sleepy John Estes’s “Kid Man Blues” that reminds me of the Band. Though everything on Fresh Air is rooted in the blues, there’s also more than a hint of rock and roll in most of the tracks and especially in the rollicking “Red Light,” where the piano work echoes Jerry Lee Lewis. Good stuff, from first track to last. Jeff Burger (byjeffburger.com), a longtime magazine editor, has written about music, politics, and popular culture for more than 75 periodicals. His books include Dylan on Dylan: Interviews and Encounters, Lennon on Lennon: Conversations with John Lennon, Springsteen on Springsteen: Interviews, Speeches… Follow @byjeffburger More from Jeff Music Reviews: Dire Straits’ Studio Albums, Plus Uncle Walt’s Band & Harry Dean Stanton Music Reviews: Prince’s ‘Sign O’ the Times’ (Super Deluxe Edition) Plus Richard Hell Music & Book Reviews: Exploring Joni Mitchell’s Archives, Plus John Lennon’s Solo Years Music Reviews: Bruce Springsteen’s ‘Letter to You,’ Plus Jimmie Vaughan’s ‘The Pleasure’s All Mine’ Music Reviews: Fleetwood Mac’s ‘1969 to 1974,’ Plus Steve Forbert’s ‘Rodgers Revisited’ #Giulia Millanta #Gonzalo Bergara #Johnny Nicholas #Lisa Said #The Connells	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2846
__label__wiki	0.544375	0.544375	Home > Rajasthan > Jaisalmer > Jaisalmer Fort, Jaisalmer Jaisalmer Fort, Jaisalmer Famous for: History, Craftsmanship, Architecture Entrance fee: 50 per person for Indians and Rs. 250 per person for foreigners Visiting time: 6 AM to 5 PM (Daily) Visit Duration: 2 -3 hours Jaisalmer Fort is located in the magnificent city of Jaisalmer in Rajasthan. Set on the Trikuta Hill in the midst of the vast Thar Desert, this fort is an epitome of strength and symbolizes the power of the Rajput dynasty. Constructed way back in the 12th century by the mighty Rawal Jaisal, this imposing fort is famed to be one of the largest ever built. Throughout history, this fort has been the center of many important changes and has repeatedly witnessed the siege of Muslim rulers. Even though during the rule of the British, the eminence of the place temporarily diminished, it came back to prominence due to its geographical setting. Locally called the ‘Sonar Quila’ and popularly nicknamed the ‘Golden Fort’ due to the golden aura that seems to engulf the fort during each sunset, this fort is one of the most popular tourist spots of Rajasthan. Availability of Guides Interesting Facts and Trivia about the Jaisalmer Fort Photo by Dan Lundberg, CC BY 2.0 Carry hats, sunglasses and do drink lots of water to combat the heat. The fort is a mini-city in itself and requires a lot of walking around to explore the multitude of shops and eateries around. Allocate time to look around as there is a lot to take in and is better done when not in haste. Visit the intricate and calm Laxminath and Jain temples for some serenity. Walk to the top of the hill and look down at the mesmerizing view of the surrounding locality. Roam through the zigzagging alleys and explore every nook and corner inside the Fort. Lay back and look at the changing hue of the fort at different times of the day. Try out the ethnic, local cuisines from the plethora of eateries at Dussehra Chowk. Guides are available in both Hindi and English for a fee. Rs.400 would be the ideal amount to hire these guides for. This majestic structure is situated right in the middle of the desert and so, the best time to visit would be during the colder months of October to March in order to avoid the scorching heat. The evenings are relatively cooler and are good to sightsee. Sonar Quila, Photo by Nagarjun Kandukuru, CC BY 2.0 As it is a prime tourist spot, there are many autos and cabs available from all the main locations like the Railway Station. It is located in the Manak Chowk on the Fort Road. A walk on the hillside is how the fort is reached. It is the second largest fort in Rajasthan and is located at an altitude of about 250 meters on top of a hill. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its prominent architecture and the importance it had during the course of history. The structure is a fortification consisting of three layers, with the outermost being made totally out of stone as it was the first layer of protection against enemies. It has a total of 99 bastions with almost 93 of them being constructed at a later point in history at around 1638 AD. A novel, Sonar Kella, and a consecutive movie was made with this location as the prime spot by the renowned novelist Satyajit Ray. This led to the spread of the fame of this site. Alauddin Khilji attacked the Fort and gained control over it for a period of almost 9 years. It has a blend of both the Rajput and Mughal style of architecture. This fort can be accessed by the four entrances with one of them having cannons in front of them. An intricate drainage system called the ‘Ghut Nali’ was designed for allowing proper disposal of drainage from the Fort area. Kuldhara Village Bada Bagh Patwon Ki Haveli Government Museum Lakeview Lounge Restaurant Jaisal Italy Desert Boy’s Dhani Natraj Restaurant Kabab Corner This amazing structure which houses so many people and contains a whole different world within itself is a must-visit for anyone wanting to get to know the true history and culture of Rajasthan. With a plethora of options to eat in, shop and roam around while continuously marveling at the ingenious craftsmanship and architecture, this Fort truly captures the soul of both the ancient and modern Jaisalmer. Attractions In Jaisalmer Jaisalmer Fort Patwon-Ki-Haveli Sam Sand Dunes The Thar Heritage Museum Gadisar Lake Jain Temple Salim Singhs Ki Haveli Desert Nation Park Silk Route Art Gallery Nathmal Ji Ki Haveli Also Checkout Best Time to Visit Jaisalmer Major Attractions in Rajasthan Taragarh Shekhawati Deeg Ghanerao Khimsar Samode Kumbhalgarh National Parks In Rajasthan Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary / Keoladeo National Park Sariska National Park Desert National Park Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary Hill Stations In Rajasthan	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2849
__label__cc	0.512208	0.487792	Digging for Dirt Muckraking and yellow journalism is again (unsurprisingly) found in the pages of the Salt Lake Tribune, where the religion reporter, Peggy Stack, has posted more fake news. Her purpose is clear: keep negative publicity focused on the LDS Church; keep digging for dirt; keep the public’s collective mind preoccupied with her agenda. How sad that a religion reporter can’t find real religion news to report. No one expects a newspaper to become the PR arm of the Church (except for the Church’s owned newspaper) but for crying out loud, President Nelson just returned from a two-week international tour, going places few prophets have ever been, and Stack couldn’t be bothered to report that genuinely important religious news. To her, it’s much more important to stir the controversy pot, digging and playing in more dirt than a gardener. But this kind of dirt she can’t wash off or keep it from blackening and staining her reputation. Stack’s latest attempt to make something news that isn’t, is her story of a mission president that somehow victimized some sister missionaries in Puerto Rico. This is proclaimed to be Stack’s great addition to the “me too” movement. (The golden age of Hollywood also had muckraking tabloid journalists looking for dirt on movie stars of that day). Elder Boyd K. Packer quoting Brother Brigham, saying something in the mid-1800s that turns out to be just as relevant and applicable today as then: “When President Brigham Young announced that a temple was to be built in the Salt Lake Valley, many were afraid. They had experienced terrible persecutions and hardships. They thought another temple would be an invitation to call it all upon them again. “Some say, ‘I do not like to do it, for we never began to build a Temple without the bells of hell beginning to ring.’ I want to hear them ring again. All the tribes of hell will be on the move, if we uncover the walls of this Temple. But what do you think it will amount to? You have all the time seen what it has amounted to.” (Discourses of Brigham Young, page 410.) We just heard of seven new temples being announced. How loud and long will the bells of hell ring now? What should we expect? Will opposition increase? Should we be surprised when it does? Where will the satanic sounds of craven counsel come from? The answers to these questions are set before us in many forms, but are easy to recognize (blogs, newspapers, media, social media, anti-Mormon forums, websites, etc.). Feeling the Spirit by Christopher R. Greenwood Author of A Mighty Change: The Process of Going from Good to Better and Spiritual Atrophy Many years ago, when I was a Deacon in the Aaronic Priesthood, I had the privilege of going home teaching with my father as my companion. One particular month, my dad had been given a new Sister on his list who he promptly called and set an appointment. With the appointment set, my dad approached me and told me when I would be needed. On the designated day, my dad and I went to the home of this very elderly sister. All my Dad and I knew about her was that she had been a member all her life, her husband had passed, she lived on a farm outside of town and had been the recipient of much assistance from others in the Ward when it came to mowing her lawn, going shopping, etc. I remember how cordially she greeted us and brought us inside her home. After some initial conversation, Dad began his lesson. I remember vividly that during that lesson, this sister, who had been a member of the Church her entire life, stopped my father and in the middle of his lesson, she confessed to him that she had never felt the Spirit of the Lord or ever recalled a single experience in her life where she had felt the Spirit. I remember how surprised my dad was at hearing that. I also remember how silent I was, grateful that my Dad would answer this question. I did not feel prepared to answer her question. What did I know? I do not remember what my Dad told her, but I do remember thinking to myself that I did not want to have that happen to me. I have never forgotten this experience. As time has gone on, and as I have matured in the Gospel, I often reflect on how I would respond if somebody asked me that question. “What would I tell her now” if I was given the chance. Using Publicity to Criticize the Church: Some Perspective for Viewing Recent Events “This is an insult, especially, to women who have gone through something like that [sexual assault] and really have been hurt.” —McKenna Denson’s ex-husband (Arizona Republic) When accusations and denials of sexual assault are flying around in reporter’s stories, when sex and religion (especially Mormonism) are mentioned together, a media frenzy can result. The international “Me-too” movement has inadvertently created the perfect storm, offering an irresistible opening for various individuals with manipulative and unscrupulous motives, to take advantage of it and milk it for all it is worth. It is during episodes like these that journalistic ethics are often bent or broken, and biases exposed. Items akin to genuine fake news (there’s an oxymoron), non-news, and yellow journalism are published by some media outlets and fill (very untrustworthy) social media. It has happened many times to the Mormons in the past, it is happening now, and it will again in the future. For this reason, I hope to provide some perspective; to pull back the veil and expose the adversary’s deceptions. Some Historical Perspective As I ponder various events from Mormon history in my mind, a number of instances occur to me that give me an improved over-all perspective from which to view recent events and current public clamor. Salt Lake Tribune Tripe #12 - Missing the Mark/Point, as Usual We just concluded a truly historic general conference of the Church. The newly sustained president, Russell M. Nelson, announced some major game-changers meant to improve the lives and lift the souls of millions of members as the Lord hastens His work. President Nelson and other leaders quietly ignored the clamor of obsessed and misled activists promoted by the Tribune, As God’s prophet, President Nelson effectively (though figuratively) kicked Satan hard where it hurts. The devil has been responding by creating opposition to the church through both his spirit angels (evil spirits) and through his mortal followers (those anti-Mormon activists obsessed with the church, and disloyal, false members). The Salt Lake Tribune continues to be one of their main outlets to voice their displeasure. I think it worth pointing out, that in this latest instance, the Tribune has also missed the point over and over in their attempt to cover conference. Let me draw a comparison. In 1899, Bishop Orson F. Whitney’s eldest son, Race Whitney, was a talented young man who had followed in his father’s footsteps, exhibiting abundant literary talent. Recognizing his gifts, Bishop Whitney used his connections to get Race a job working as a reporter for the Salt Lake Herald. Bishop Whitney also used his personal friendship with the recently (6 mo.) sustained church president, Lorenzo Snow, to get Race included as a member of the large traveling party of church leaders and press going to St. George in mid-May for stake conference. Along with Race, others accompanying the group were LeRoi C. Snow (Pres. Snow’s son who acted as a private secretary/assistant to his father and Deseret News reporter), Arthur Winter (official church stenographer/sermon reporter), and one or two more. Race’s job was to cover discourse content and major events that would be of interest to readers. He was fairly green at the time and so the experience was challenging, especially when Pres. Snow called on him, with no notice, to speak in one of the meetings during their journey. Using Publicity to Criticize the Church: Some Pers... Salt Lake Tribune Tripe #12 - Missing the Mark/Poi...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2850
__label__wiki	0.823054	0.823054	Issues & Policies Harold Scruby (Chairman/CEO) Member of the former National Road Safety Strategy Panel (Australian Transport Safety Bureau) for 3 years Member of the Road Trauma Committee (Royal Australasian College of Surgeons) Member of the Australian College of Road Safety (Formerly on National Executive Committee) Member of the RMS (NSW) Road Safety Advisory Committee Formerly Deputy Mayor of Mosman and Chairman of the Traffic Committee for 5 years National spokesperson Assoc Professor (Dr) Rob Atkinson - Representing the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons - Road Trauma Committee - Spokesperson South Australia Assoc Professor (Dr) Susan Liew - Representing the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons - Road Trauma Committee - Co-spokesperson Victoria Dr Valerie Malka - Trauma and General Surgeon - Representing the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons - Road Trauma Committee - Co-spokesperson NSW Dr Ray Shuey - (Deputy Chairman - Secretary/Treasurer) Former Assistant Commissioner - Victoria Police (Traffic) - Co-spokesperson Victoria Assoc Professor (Dr) Daryl Wall - Representing the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons - Road Trauma Committee - Spokesperson Queensland Honorary Solicitors: Honorary Auditors: Ken Crossman & Associates (Chartered Accountants) Suite 407 - 220 Pacific Highway The Pedestrian Council of Australia Limited is an Incorporated (Public) Company, limited by guarantee. It was incorporated on 1 August 1996. It is a Registered Charity with the Australian Charities and Not-for-Profits Commission (ACNC) ABN 18075106286 operating in all States and Territories. Its objectives, as stated in its Memorandum of Association are: 1. the continual improvement of pedestrian safety, amenity and access; 2. the promotion of walking as a legitimate transport mode and an important, healthy, social activity; 3. the encouragement of the inclusion of pedestrian safety, amenity and access provisions in all urban and transport planning; 4. the enhancement of community health and welfare and particularly the enhancement of the health and welfare of those members of the community who are aged, infirm, disabled, young, socially disadvantaged, tourists or included in any other special interest group or group of persons under any kind of handicap or disability; and 5. research (including experiments and surveys and their publication) into all aspects of the objects set out in 1, 2, 3 and 4. A Pedestrian is defined as any person wishing to travel by foot, wheelchair or authorised electric scooter, throughout the community. Membership of the Pedestrian Council of Australia Limited is by invitation of the Board of Directors to individuals and institutions having interests or concerns of like nature to those of the PCA. The PCA's role is essentially one of education, advocacy and the promotion of a culture of concern and care within the whole community for the rights and responsibilities of pedestrians. Provision and infrastructure to meet the expectations of such a concerned community is properly the responsibility of the land use, transport and road authorities. ABN 18 075 106 286. © 2021 Pedestrian Council of Australia. Privacy Policy	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2852
__label__wiki	0.508403	0.508403	House of Payne January 31, 2006 12:00 am by Tristan Wheelock It’s Sunday morning in one of the common areas in Beta Hall. The scene looks as though it was clipped from one of the Resident Services information pamphlets. A diverse group of students are laughing, studying and smiling together. There is no hesitation when they comment about what they did over the weekend or how they are doing in school. If you didn’t know better, you would think that these students have lived together for years. The truth is that Beta is a freshman dorm, and these students are only in their second semester away from home. The comfort level they are experiencing may be attributed to one man and his unorthodox approach to his job as a resident assistant. Adarius Payne is a sophomore majoring in psychology with minors in sign language and criminology. He has been given authority over students not much younger than himself, many of whom are away from the watchful eyes of their parents for the first time. So how does an individual in this situation handle this mixture of responsibility and temptation? He has a good time with it. “I’m the fun RA,” Payne said. “One night I squeezed my whole floor into an elevator, and we rode up and down yelling and causing a ruckus. It was great; I had a blast. “If you want to become an RA, be willing to put yourself out there. You have to be completely open,” Payne said. “Be approachable, be friendly, be accountable and make sure that you have the energy and the drive to do it, because if you don’t you will burn yourself out in the first two weeks or so.” Payne has taken his own advice and put it to practical use. “I have an open-door policy; if any kid needs me, they know where I am, they know how to get me. So they’ll call me up at 3 in the morning and say, ‘Hey, I want to talk.’ I might be going to sleep, but I’ll get back up and go talk with them.” The students living in the dorm appreciate Payne’s policy and his methods. “I think Adarius is a good RA in terms of keeping everything together and in order,” said Ryan Moxom, a resident of Beta Hall. “I don’t think that he is too strict. I think he knows what goes on in college dorms and doesn’t let it get out of control.” Payne applies his own brand of common sense to a lot of situations, but has been given some guidelines. Each RA at USF receives a Resident Assistant Training Manual that outlines the basic responsibilities of an RA and defines them as a friend and a helper. By that definition, Payne appears to be fitting the mold. He does not, however, go completely by the book. “In terms of social life, this is the party floor, basically,” Payne said. “We get in trouble the most, but it’s fun; I make this floor seem like it’s their home.” The mission of Residence Services is to provide students living on campus with a sense of community and belonging. Payne takes this concept and applies his own philosophy to it. “If they can’t have fun at their home, then what can they do?” Payne said. “As long as my residents can have fun and relax, the floor is the way I want it. That’s how I like to be as an RA.” Although Payne makes a conscious effort to have fun with his residents, he does realize that there are other aspects to his job. “The hardest decision to make as an RA is deciding what the right thing to do is and writing people up,” Payne said. “Because you get so close as a floor and a building, it is hard to write people up. I feel like each thing that people do is a learning experience. Instead of getting them in trouble, I try to let them learn from it.” Payne’s thoughts regarding his role as an RA coincide with those of other students living on campus. “I think an RA should make sure that all of the new residents are satisfied. I know my RA pretty well; he has been really interactive with his residents,” said Edwin Thiruchlevam, a freshman majoring in biomedical sciences. For Payne, balancing the positive and negative aspects of his job is a double-edged sword. “The best part of being an RA is meeting all of the different types of students on campus,” Payne said. “You are basically their first contact to the University. The worst part is being that direct contact as well, only because residents will come to you more than they will someone else.” This genuine empathy toward his residents is what allows Payne to develop a community in which members can foster a feeling of belonging. This empathy doesn’t, however, undermine his overall commitment to the job. “The freshmen come in here, and they build up what I call false relationships,” Payne said. “There is a sense of incompletion in their social lives because they leave their friends behind. They try to fill that void with immature friendships, (and) problems (arise) among the roommates and they want to switch rooms. Eventually you have to teach them not to run away from their problems, but to face them. They need to learn how to build better trust-based relationships. “Even when I’m not on call, I’m on call. Anyone can call me with a problem or stop me in the hall and I take time to resolve their issue.”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2855
__label__wiki	0.946787	0.946787	98.7 Jack FM App 98.7 Jack FM Alexa Skill PLAYING WHAT WE WANT JACK Pack Big Game Squares 98.7 Jack FM98.7 Jack FM Sam Neill Announces His Return to ‘Jurassic World’ None of 2020’s summer blockbusters have opened in theaters because of the coronavirus, but some of 2021’s summer blockbusters have been able to get back into production despite the pandemic, with new protocols in place to protect the cast and crew’s safety on set. Work on Jurassic World: Dominion, for example, is back underway following the implementation of a “$5 million safety plan.” That means the film’s highly-anticipated reunion of the original Jurassic Park cast — including Sam Neill, Laura Dern, and Jeff Goldblum — can proceed. This week, Neill tweeted about his impending return to the franchise, saying he is both “excited and terrified” to return to the biggest hit of his career. The stars of Jurassic Park all appeared in sequels, but never together. Both Neill and Dern returned for Jurassic Park III, while Goldblum starred in The Lost World: Jurassic Park. Jurassic World: Dominion marks the first movie they all share since 1993’s Jurassic Park. (It also marks the return of Colin Trevorrow, who directed the first Jurassic World but did not helm Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom.) Assuming nothing else goes wrong, Jurassic World: Dominion is scheduled to open in theaters on June 11, 2021. Something something a joke about how coronavirus is almost as difficult to contain as dinosaurs. Gallery — Great Movies That Became Terrible Franchises: Source: Sam Neill Announces His Return to ‘Jurassic World’ Filed Under: coronavirus, Jurassic World 3 2021 98.7 Jack FM, Townsquare Media, Inc. All rights reserved.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2858
__label__wiki	0.969201	0.969201	New DNA tests solve 1991 New Jersey boardwalk rape, murder case FREEHOLD, New Jersey -- Authorities say new DNA tests have allowed them to solve the rape and murder of a woman whose body was found at the boardwalk of a seaside city in New Jersey nearly three decades ago. The Monmouth County prosecutor's office said Friday that Clarence Turnage, who died in 2014, has been identified as the attacker, but they are still trying to confirm that Christa Engel was the woman whose body was found under a ramp at the Asbury Park boardwalk in March 1991. Prosecutors said Engel, who was born in West Germany and was married in New Jersey in 1961, had been beaten, sexually assaulted and strangled. A suspect was charged initially but later exonerated after initial tests on DNA taken from the crime scene. New tests were sought in 2018 from a private forensic laboratory "in light of the more recent advances and innovations in DNA testing technology," prosecutors said. Authorities also received permission to exhume Turnage's body to obtain a DNA sample for a direct comparison. In February 2019, prosecutors said, tests confirmed that Turnage's DNA matched DNA profiles from the victim's dress, stockings and body, three profiles not tested in 1991 when the case was originally under investigation. Tests on other items also confirmed the exclusion of the original suspect, prosecutors said. At the time of the homicide, Turnage lived about 300 yards away from where the victim's body was found and a block away from the hotel where she was living at the time, prosecutors said. In January, prosecutors tried to reaffirm the identity of the victim as Engel since investigators had been unable to identify any next of kin. Prosecutors said they hoped release of the information and conclusion of the investigation would prompt a relative of the victim, whose name was Christa Dierolf before her marriage, to come forward. * More New Jersey news * Send us a news tip * Download the abc7NY app for breaking news alerts * Follow us on YouTube monmouth countyasbury parknew jerseyrapemurderdnaboardwalk	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2860
__label__wiki	0.549859	0.549859	Budget 2019: Our plan for a Stronger Economy delivers for Tasmania Written on 03 April 2019 . The 2019-20 Budget is the next stage of the Morrison Government’s plan to build a stronger economy and secure a better future for all Australians. The Budget delivers the first surplus in more than a decade, creates more jobs, lowers taxes and guarantees essential services like schools, hospitals and roads. “After more than a decade of deficits, this budget forecasts a surplus of $7.1 billion in 2019-20 – a $55.5 billion turnaround from the deficit we inherited seven years ago." The Government’s strong budget management allows us to invest in lower taxes and essential services for Tasmania, including: Delivering an additional $158 billion in income tax relief for hard-working Australians, on top of the $144 billion in tax cuts locked into legislation last year. This includes immediate tax relief of up to $1,080 for low and middle income earners and up to $2,160 for a dual income couple to ease cost of living pressures, benefiting 210,000 people in Tasmania. Backing small business by increasing the Instant Asset Write Off to $30,000 and expanding its access, benefitting 60,000 businesses in Tasmania. Guaranteeing the essential services people in Tasmania rely on. To assist with their next power bill and the cost of living, the Morrison Government will provide a one off, income tax exempt payment of $75 for singles and $125 for couples to more than 3.9 million eligible social security payment recipients across Australia. The Budget provides record levels of funding for public hospitals in every state. Payments to Tasmania for public hospitals have increased by almost 45 per cent, from $294 million in 2012-13 to $425 million in 2019-20. Health funding for Tasmania increases by $33 million from 2019-20 to 2022-23. For schools, record funding for Tasmania will increase from $454 million in 2019 to $629 million in 2029, ensuring teachers have the support they need to prepare students for the future. The Budget also includes $30 million for the Local School Community Fund that will allow communities to fund projects such as upgrades to libraries, classrooms and play equipment. Delivering a record infrastructure investment of $100 billion over the next decade, getting families home sooner and safer and unlocking the potential of our regions. This includes an additional $313 million over the next decade for new land transport infrastructure projects in Tasmania, bringing total infrastructure investment in the state to more than 2.7 billion from 2013-14. “This Budget is about easing cost of living pressures, guaranteeing essential services and building new congestion busting infrastructure to ensure families in Tasmania can get home easier and safer,” said Senator Colbeck. “This is all possible because of the Morrison Government’s strong economic and budget management.” The Government’s total commitment to transport infrastructure projects in Tasmania is now up to $2.8 billion from 2013-14. The Budget also locks in funding for the Hobart City Deal, and $56 million to accelerate delivery of the Marinus Link – a proposed second interconnector with the mainland. Specific measures funded in the budget for Tasmania include: $210 million for specific projects under the Roads of Strategic Importance Initiative including: $130 million for the Hobart to Sorrell Road Corridor; and $80 million for Birralee Main Road, Murchison Highway, Old Surrey Road and Massey Greene Drive, and Strahan Road. $35 million through the Urban Congestion Fund including $25 million for a Hobart Congestion Package and $10 million for Tasman Highway Intelligent Transport Solutions. Tasmanian Headstone Project being recognised for deductible gift recipient status from 1 July 2019. $1.5 million to support tourism projects in the Huon Valley. $56 million for a feasibility study to accelerate the delivery of the Marinus Link. $4.4 million to fund a second linear accelerator at the North West Cancer Centre in Burnie. $68 million for Tranche 3 of the Tasmanian Freight Rail Revitalisation project.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2861
__label__cc	0.618339	0.381661	Posted on June 6, 2012 August 6, 2018 by Michael Taylor Namibia: Oysters and Champagne Where Sand Dunes Meet the Ocean Last week, Cindy De Michele Hock of the Netherlands got up close and personal with African wildlife in Namibia (see Namibia: on the Road from Tsumeb to Etosha National Park). This week Cindy lunches on oysters and champagne on the sun kissed beach of a beautiful resort that can only be described as “as far off the beaten tourism track” as you can get in the nascent country of Namibia, which was once known as South West Africa, a German colony. Premier Namibian Holiday Resort Once the main harbour for German South West Africa, Swakopmund, Namibia – about 160 miles from the capital Windhoek – is now the premier Namibian holiday resort and the place to be for extreme sports fanatics. On three sides, Swakopmund is surrounded by what is believed to be the world’s oldest desert, the Namib Desert, with its ancient orange-burnt sand dunes and fascinating landscapes. Cool sea breezes and fog off the Atlantic offer relief from the intense heat experienced in the country’s interior during the summer months of December and January. Silent Testimony to a Grim Colonial Past Swakopmund’s German architecture is silent testimony to its colonial past, and an initial sense of uneasiness is easily felt when walking through Göring Street, named after the Imperial Governor for German South West Africa, Heinrich Ernst Göring, the father of the infamous Nazi Field Marshall Hermann Göring, whose administration of the colony ultimately resulted in the all but forgotten Herero and Namaqua genocide. Many of the terms attributed to the Nazis, like Lebensraum and Konzentrationslager, were minted many years earlier when the Germans colonized what is now known as Namibia. But Swakopmund has much more to offer than its turbulent colonial past. After an initial uneasiness is taken away, Swakopmund is now a beach resort with palm lined seaside promenades offering everything from pleasant coffee shops, friendly restaurants, and vibrant night clubs to camel safaris, skydiving, and sand-boarding. Namib-Naukluft National Park The nearby Namib-Naukluft National Park, the largest game reserve in Africa, hosts Namibia’s main tourist attraction, the Sossusvlei, a pan surrounded by high red dunes with the typical Acacia trees. Yet the Namib-Naukluft conceals another not frequently visited jewel: Sandwich Harbour. Named after a ship that is said to have set anchor there in 1790, Sandwich Harbour can only be reached by 4×4 as there are no existing roads, and although a permit can be obtained via the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, it is not recommended to enter the area without a guide as it requires deep sand driving and dune crossing. Freedom from Cell Phones Sancwich Harbour is only accessible at low tide, and when wave conditions are favourable, there is no cell phone reception. Small scale commercial whaling and fishing in the Sandwich Harbour lagoon have made way for shark fishing by the locals, strictly tag and release of course! Sandwich Harbour is visited by only few people, and it is where true isolation can be experienced. This is where the dunes meet the ocean; the bright, intense sun and the vast, roaring dunes create a spectacular effect of shadows, colours, and light. The contrast between the mighty Atlantic and the impressive dunes could not have been more dramatic. Oysters and Champagne on the Beach Organized tours are offered by the extremely friendly staff of Sandwich Harbour 4×4, and the excursion also includes a splendid lunch of oysters and champagne on the beach. With taste buds stimulated by the salty sea air, one returns to Swakopmund with an appetite. And what better place to conclude a day trip to Sandwich Harbour than at Jetty 1905 on the pier, enjoying great seafood or perhaps just some sundowners, endless views of the Atlantic, and a spectacular sunset? Food is excellent compared to most Namibian restaurants, although pricey. The small seafood platter is enough to feed two abundantly! And then the sun slowly sets while the waves rhythmically break off the pier, and a light ocean breeze caresses the desert coast and delicately sends its life-sustaining fog inland to the Namib-Naukluft National Park, where it tries to settle on the ground and where the new dawn – with its shimmering heat and bright light – will once again set the daily battle for survival in motion. Swakopmund, Namibia, offers many types of accommodation, from simple B&B’s to luxurious beach hotels. Located at Walvis Bay, Sandwich Harbour 4×4 offers full day excursions priced at NAD 1,050 pp / USD 125 / GBP 80) . Located on the pier at Swakopmund, Jetty 1905 serves international, seafood, Spanish, sushi, and tapas. For reservations, call: +264 64 56 64. Air Namibia links Windhoek, the nation’s capital, with Johannesburg and Capetown, South Africa, Frankfurt, Germany, and several other African destinations. Click on the following link for more information: Air Namibia. There are buses and trains from Windhoek to Swakopmund, but they often lack fixed departure times, are mostly overcrowded, and the journey can take well up to 20 hours. It is recommended to rent a car. The B2 is the main road from Windhoek to Swakopmund and takes about 3.5 – 4.5 hours. Cindy De Michele Hock Born in Amsterdam in the Netherlands, Cindy De Michele Hock studied law and history in the Netherlands before moving to Rome, Italy, to permanently live with her then boyfriend. She is a freelance lawyer and legal translator. A few years later, Cindy and her boyfriend moved to Scotland, where they got married. They did volunteer work for one year in Namibia. They are now concluding a six month stay in Sri Lanka. Then it’s back to Scotland. “We’ll continue traveling, especially in Namibia and Africa!!!” says Cindy, who describes herself as “an enthusiastic wildlife photographer and writer”. “I love wildlife, the great outdoors, new cultures, and languages.” CategoriesAfrica Tagsecotourism, isolated holiday resort, lunch on the beach, namib desert, namibia tourism, off the beaten track, oyster and champagne lunch Previous PostPrevious Namibia: on the Road from Tsumeb to Etosha National Park Next PostNext Namibia: Kaokoland – Back and Beyond in the Country’s Last Wilderness	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2865
__label__wiki	0.617594	0.617594	Start Bzzz dating game show Bzzz dating game show Raised in Olympia, Washington, Joy Osmanski graduated from the prestigious University of California, San Diego MFA Acting Program. Between Wisconsin and New Mexico, award winning actress Adrienne Rusk was raised in an artistic family and grew up with a deep passion for travel. As a model, she began her entertainment career at the early age of twelve, transitioning quickly thereafter into acting. ”, “Pushing Daisies” and “General Hospital”, along with commercials for radio and television and multiple roles in the new audio drama “Hothouse Bruiser”. With her distinctive voice, smart aleck wit and razor sharp timing, Robin is best known as a comedic character actress, but she is also a skilled and thoughtful dramatic actress and received a 168 Film Festival nomination for Best Actress for her work in the independent dramatic short “Mirage”. Comedienne, Lily Rains’ formal training began at a very young age at Crossroads High School in Los Angeles, later earning a BA in Theatre from Loyola Marymount University. She won a full scholarship to Vassar College, where she received a double major in Drama and French Literature, graduating Phi Beta Kappa. Performing on stage in both Chicago and Los Angeles with an emphasis on improvisation and sketch, Lily has studied with the prestigious Groundlings and Hothouse Theatres. After living briefly in Paris, then in New York, she arrived in LA ten years ago, to act in films, and to write them. Since then, she has been cast as the lead in numerous commercials, print campaigns, music videos, network television shows and feature films. male friends online dating email sri lanka Tanzania free adult sex webcam chat Sex chat com vidoe Srilanka sex cam4 who is devendra banhart dating 2016 dating violence bystander Chat gratis para adultos www dating beefon rucityaprelevka mostly true erotic tales of online dating	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2866
__label__cc	0.557016	0.442984	October Nights at The Gables October 19, 2016 Published By Julie Arrison-Bishop October Nights with contributions from Anne LucasOctober at The Gables is a very special time every year. The Legacy of the Hanging Judge and Spirits of The Gables, our annual theatrical productions, create an air of excitement, education, and fun. Fifteen years ago, Anne Lucas, a local writer, was asked to create theatrical performances to enhance the visitor experience in October. Ms. Lucas was inspired to write The Legacy of the Hanging Judge after a trip to the United States Memorial Holocaust Museum. “I saw the dangers that prejudice taken to extremes in any community can produce.” This performance, which takes place in the Hawthorne Birthplace, gives the visitor an opportunity to meet Nathaniel Hawthorne as he agonizes over his writing. He hopes to expiate his guilt over his ancestor and witch trials judge, John Hathorne.. As the performance moves through the historic house, it goes back in time introducing us to the — meeting perpetrators and victims of the infamous Salem witch trials. They warn us not to turn a blind eye to injustice “or it could be you in the cell here beside me.” Ms. Lucas was also given the task to enhance an existing performance when she developed Spirits of The Gables. This tour and performance allows the visitor to meet the characters from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s famous novel, The House of the Seven Gables. Lucas loves that, “we meet these “shades of the great Nathaniel Hawthorne’s mind” in the house that inspired their creation. The Ghost of Matthew Maule stalks the audience and warns that the Pyncheons will die horrible deaths — ‘God will give them blood to drink’ for the injustice done to him. We find there is only one solution to this family feud — love.” Much like the year-round staff at The House of the Seven Gables, Anne Lucas enjoys the October season. “Every year it is so much fun to come back to The Gables with new actors and old regulars. The wonderful staff feels like family. So there is always a letdown when it is over.” Don’t be letdown as well! Be sure to get your tickets for this year’s performances.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2869
__label__cc	0.706104	0.293896	promoting ice cream According to reports, MP and the head of Russia's Union of Women, Yekaterina Lakhova, said she believed that the ice cream flavour is "hidden advertising" for the LGBTQI+ movement, and hence used a rainbow flag as its main symbol. But customers have to know about your shop and your products to bring you business, and they are much more likely to patronize your shop if … By Max Stewart, Cover Photo by Suzanna Khorotian Atlanta’s Tinsley Ellis is a major figure in the blues genre who has performed for audiences across … Nearly everyone loves ice cream, but in some cases, it’s hard to increase sales. Ice cream socials are a great morale booster for your employees, a fun event to host for your customers, and just…c’mon. I made this Vlog for Fun. Ice cream is one of America's favorite desserts. In which we made the rush hour schlep to the Mile-High City to glug Great Divide brews and try Little Man ice cream. Some of the UK's biggest food companies have attacked a plan that could see all online junk food advertising banned to tackle childhood obesity. See more ideas about Ice cream recipes, Ice cream, Frozen desserts. Low-fat (1 percent) ice cream has three grams or less of fat. Marketing MCQ Marketing Chapter 16 Smucker's ran a sweepstakes promoting Smucker's ice cream toppings. Posted on March 5, 2016 by ece2se. The Chelsea Royal Diner in West Brattleboro, Vermont makes its own ice cream in-house and offers some great options, including a maple walnut pie sundae. In marketing, promotion refers to any type of marketing communication used to inform or persuade target audiences of the relative merits of a product, service, brand or issue. 1.3K likes. If you're new here, Hi welcome to my Channel. There are a number of ways to market your ice cream shop and I would start by getting the kids to hand out coupons of some sort. The sweepstakes was designed to let NASCAR fans know Smucker's sponsored a NASCAR racing team. Instead of focusing on pushing your ice cream in this incredibly cold season, why not focus some of your energy to think of delicious desserts, such as a hot apple pie which can be perfectly topped with ice cream.There are various desserts that you can experiment from which you can prepare at home and partner with ice cream. Try some crazy ideas like serving a real 12-scoop ice cream cone and holding a contest. girlgroupstan21 Celebrity Special hard ice cream flavors and frozen yogurt options are offered in season. Anyways . For your ice cream business to succeed, you need to market and advertise it well. Little Man–Delicious, yet confusing. If you don’t promote a product, especially a new one, they probably won’t gain much attention. 4 Ways to Increase Wholesale Ice Cream Sales. "They're quietly promoting these nice rainbow colors, using nice words, they're advertising an ice cream called Rainbow," Lakhova said, according to the BBC, and suggested that the ice cream might make Russian children more open to the LGBTQ+ community’s pride flag. Get to know us! Products. seasonal ice cream shop. Friendly's has been a favorite family restaurant and ice cream purveyor for over 80 years! The ice cream brand, known for its liberal leanings, has shared an explainer piece on Juneteenth — a day celebrated every year to mark the end of slavery on June 19, 1865 — … Hannah Glasse’s popular Art of Cookery (1751 edition) contained a recipe for ice cream.2 There are accounts of ice cream being served in … It helps marketers to create a distinctive place in customers' mind. Casper's Ice Cream is a member of the Utah Food Council's Utah's Own's program which was established in 2001 with the purpose of supporting and promoting local products. It's the revolution. Oct 5, 2020 - Ice cream l ice cream recipes l ice cream cake l ice cream party. It's Mario Dacasin! Light ice cream has at least 50 percent less fat. The aim of promotion is to increase awareness, create interest, generate sales or create brand loyalty. After all, the more people who know about your ice cream, the more customers you’ll have. Action of Emulsifers in Promoting Fat Destabilization During the Manufacture of Ice Cream H. D. GOFF' and W. K. JORDAN Department of Food Science Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 ABSTRACT Several emulsifiers have been ex amined in ice cream processing to de termine their relative emulsion destabi lizing power. Part Time wanted (Promoting ice cream in box) Location : Mydin Parit Buntar Date : 15/10/2017 Time 9.30am - 10pm RM80 + 12 food allow pls contact 014-6248070 mr Ck Colorado edition, take two. Thankfully, there are many ways you can combat this problem. Consuming & promoting ice cream in Philadelphia & beyond. They're not hard to get, and they are cheap to print generally. The purchase of any specially-marked toppings gave customers a chance to win a new Ford Taurus or thousands of other prizes instantly from Smucker's. As such, you will need to ensure proper sanitation for ice cream during production by using only the highest quality of ingredients and the cleanest equipment. The company is currently owned by Merrill's grandsons. We have all of the promotional items you need to guarantee a successful ice cream … Restaurants are also promoting their creations with some creative ice cream marketing strategies! Ice cream might seem to sell itself. In … Casper's Ice Cream's original ingredients have changed very little throughout the years. In a half-cup serving: Reduced-fat (2 percent) ice cream has at least 25 percent less fat than regular ice cream. In the past, ice cream shops struggled during the winter months, but consumers have been gradually developing a taste for these sweet treats even during the … 2015 Jun 22 - Red Velvet promoting 'Ice Cream Cake' in China (Yeri) Ice cream is a product with peculiar textural and organoleptic features and is highly appreciated by a very broad spectrum of consumers. Ice Cream Marketing Strategy. Shivers Ice Cream, Toledo, Ohio. Selena Gomez and BLACKPINK have served up another video for their "Ice Cream" collaboration, this time a lyric clip in which all the women Zoom in from home. Full fat dairy. In today's freezer sections you find many options for lower-fat brands. Russian President Vladimir Putin has been asked to ban the sale of a rainbow colour ice-cream that has been accused of secretly promoting homosexuality in the country. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. The ACCC has instituted Federal Court proceedings against Australasian Food Group Pty Ltd, trading as Peters Ice Cream (Peters), alleging it engaged in conduct which hindered or prevented competition for the supply of single-wrapped ice creams to petrol and convenience retailers. Blues Icon Tinsley Ellis Talks New Album Ice Cream in Hell, Col. Bruce Hampton, John Lee Hooker, the Atlanta Blues Scene, and Seeing the Big Picture livemusicdaily.com - by Live Music Daily. Ensuring ice cream sanitation during ice cream manufacturing will influence the quality of the end product. But as many as 95% of those products will fail to make significant sales. Search for jobs related to Promoting ice cream or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 18m+ jobs. Because According to Harvard Business School some 30,000 new consumer products are released annually. Western celebrity start to promoting Ice Cream (mainly for Selena) Discussion in ' K-POP ' started by girlgroupstan21 , Aug 27, 2020 at 5:56 PM . An obvious way to advertise is to put a sign outside your store. Ice cream as a vehicle for incorporating health‐promoting ingredients. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. Promotional failures can be because of product quality all the way to its perception. Ice cream's structure and colloidal design, together with its low‐temperature storage, renders it a very promising carrier for the stabilization and in vivo delivery of bioactive compounds and beneficial microorganisms. Placing a giant ice cream outside your shop can be a compelling sign especially for the kids. You may also offer some delicious healthy desserts like a scoop of lactose-free ice cream. During the summer time, sales might soar, while in the winter, you might come across a slow period. "For us, the rainbow represents the sunshine after rain, the most beautiful natural phenomenon. And I hope kahit na konte ay naging masaya kayo. Everyone loves ice cream! Standard sanitation programs are necessary to reduce ingredient contamination. An ice cream shop is a specialty food store that capitalizes on the consumer's love for sweet and creamy treats at all times of the year. Children love sweets, and a trip to the ice cream store is a tradition for many families. Do I seriously need to give you more reasons to have an ice cream social? Ice cream recipes appear in French cookbooks starting in the late 17 th century, and in English-language cookbooks in the early 18 th century. Brain Injury Exercises For Cognitive Rehabilitation, Ponce, Puerto Rico Map, Whampoa Park Connector, Ethnocentric Font Similar, Canon Xa10 Hdmi Output Not Working, Bobcat Vs Cougar, 2000 Subaru Wrx, promoting ice cream 2020	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2870
__label__wiki	0.66754	0.66754	Better understanding of al Shabaab’s plans for the region must be global priorities – By Devon Knudsen Devon Knudsen says: “It’s likely that there will be more attacks of a similar scale before Nairobi’s soft targets can make necessary security improvements.” Media commentary on the now-concluded siege of the Westgate mall in Nairobi demonstrates widespread recognition that a major shift has occurred in al Shabaab’s targets and threat-level. Where the media seems to slightly misinterpret the attack is explaining Westgate as a sudden dramatic increase in al Shabaab’s abilities. More than a dramatic jump in capacity, the attack shows a change in focus and motivation by al Shabaab’s core planners. It’s likely that there will be more attacks of a similar scale before Nairobi’s soft targets can make necessary security improvements. Larger-scale attacks affecting more influential political constituencies would have major political and economic repercussions at a time when Kenya is already struggling to balance tensions from the past two elections, major constitutional changes, and economic crises. In turn this would jeopardize decades of public and private investment in the Horn, as well as recent democratic consolidation. It’s therefore imperative to try to understand the full implications of this shift. Until the Westgate attack, sites targeted by al Shabaab in Kenya could largely be grouped into four categories: sites with a religious affiliation, such as the April 2012 attack against a church in Nairobi or the twin church attacks in Garissa three months later; attacks against night clubs, such as the May 2012 Bella Vista attacks in Mombasa, and June 2012 beer garden attacks in the same city; attacks against police officers and soldiers, especially near the Kenyan border with Somalia; and attacks in Nairobi against sites with almost no symbolic value and little to no security. This tells us several things. For one, elements within al Shabaab already possessed some moderately advanced attack capacity, and used it in Somalia as well as against defense personnel In Kenya. At the same time, other attacks were low risk and required little sophistication to carry out, and the perpetrators still seemed to struggle and make mistakes. Some claim these smaller attacks were carried out by amateur affiliates, such as al Hijra, which grew out of the Muslim Youth Center, or al Shabaab admirers who had, at most, tenuous connections to its leadership. Another important thing to note is that all of the attacks since the 1998 embassy bombings had few casualties and had some, but limited, impact on Kenyan politics or the economy. These attacks also arguably weren’t “˜successes’ for al Shabaab, and provoked criticism from within the group itself as well as from communities which had previously supported the organization. There was considerable discussion of how the group was failing. It seemed evident that the era of high-stakes attacks in Nairobi carried out by Al Qaeda over a decade ago was long over. So what changed? Al Shabaab has recently undergone dramatic changes. The group has seen splits and changes in leadership, including Ahmed Abdi Godane’s consolidation of power. These developments are related to the strengthening of relations with al Qaeda as well as major military, territorial and outreach setbacks which some argue give al Shabaab a more urgent desire to focus more on Kenya. If these developments caused al Shabaab’s leadership, or at least the most sophisticated entities within al Shabaab, to want to put real pressure on the Kenyan government to end its military interventions in Somalia, they would need to change their strategy. The kinds of attacks seen prior to Westgate wouldn’t have achieved that objective. The Kenyan government doesn’t have a very active track record of responding to security threats affecting economically disempowered sections of its population, or even its police officers and lower ranking member of the armed forces. Unsurprisingly, al Shabaab’s earlier attacks elicited no governmental concessions. That has all changed. Considering the extent to which Nairobi functions as a hub for the international community, Westgate is not a top-level target. Despite what some commentators are saying, it was not the most secured, most cosmopolitan, or most ostentatious of Nairobi’s many upscale malls. Nevertheless, the attack sufficed in getting the government’s attention. President Uhuru Kenyatta’s nephew and sister were both in Westgate when the attack started, and the latter died in the attack. The government immediately responded with incentives to al Shabaab to participate in talks. If al Shabaab’s leader Ahmed Abdi Godane is to be believed, we can likely expect more attempts at large-scale attacks. It’s going to be especially difficult for Nairobi to defend itself against these attacks for several reasons. For one, Nairobi is largely unprepared. For years, western governments have been warning their citizens in the city of possible attacks against upscale malls or anywhere that foreigners congregate in large numbers, but after years of limited-reach attacks, most moderately high-end facilities were taking a similarly limited approach to their own security. Following the 1998 bombing, the US government had invested heavily in the security of its embassy and aid agency, and the UN had followed suit, but many other foreign government entities remain relatively exposed. It is easy to find buildings that have security guards at some entrances but not all. At times metal detectors are broken or switched-off. Secondly, from the information currently available, it looks like the Westgate attack had two parts, one of which required high levels of planning and coordination, and one which was relatively rudimentary. Kenyan intelligence officers reported that al Shabaab members or affiliates had acquired space in the mall for perhaps up to eight months in advance. There have been some conflicting reports on the use of explosives in the attacks, but the main explanation for why the Kenyan forces waited so long before pursuing the terrorists inside the mall is that the attackers had planned to lure high numbers of soldiers into the mall and then detonate explosives they had stored in the rented space. This ended up not happening. What did happen was fairly simple: the attackers gained access to the mall by storming a back entrance, where the security guard or guards present were unable to stop them. They then used guns and grenades to take hostages and then used the hostages to manipulate events outside the mall. If this is an accurate understanding of the attack, it implies that al Shabaab could carry out large attacks without the kind of sophistication seen in some al Qaeda operations elsewhere. When you put these two points together, it means that now that al Shabaab has shown that it wants to carry out large scale attacks against major targets in Nairobi, there is a great risk of them being able to do so in a wide array of locations. In addition to unacceptable human casualties, a series of major attacks would have devastating implications for Kenya’s economy and democratic transition as well as regional stability. A better understanding of al Shabaab’s plans and a more practical foreign policy approach to region both need to be global priorities. Devon Knudsen works on the Horn of Africa for the Africa Center for Strategic Studies. The views expressed in this article are entirely her own. Last Chance to Save the Remittance Lifeline ... “Find some starving Africans”: Reporting Disasters – ... Michael Chambers 1 October, 2013 at 05:14 Thanks for this informative overview. I also note a number of others that make the crucial observation that al-Shabaab has radically changed its tactics. What I haven’t seen is a clear appraisal of what this implies in terms of their new strategic direction. We hear it is new. We hear it will likely mean more attacks on similar targets but those deductions are with regard to the relationship between strategy and tactics. What about the relationship between strategy and Mission and Goals. We all understand Al-Shabaab aren’t now attacking the lands or particular interests of their direct enemies to push them off. Their goal now is to achieve profile; international profile. Nairobi is now sufficiently part of the global scene to make it an attractive target in terms of garnering international attention. That attention, that profile, is their objective; not killing people. The global community is in a difficult position (if such an amorphous thing can be said to have a position), the more it analyses, sympathizes and proselytizes, the more ground is conceded to terrorism. The more silent, stoical and apparently uncaring the more the terror tactic has failed. For all the crossed wires and apparent confusion in the Kenyan command system in some senses its too bad this story has launched into the global media stratosphere. Left to their own the Kenyans might have managed to deny the terrorists the notoriety that was the goal of this bloodthirsty operation. Zimbabwe’s Land Reform: challenging the myths Cote d’Ivoire: Ouattara restores calm after the stand-off – By Ashley Elliott Darfur: Going Nowhere in Doha	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2872
__label__wiki	0.968823	0.968823	Bin Roye Director Momina Duraid Written by Farhat Ishtiaq Produced by Momina Duraid Writer Farhat Ishtiaq Language Urdu Release date July 18, 2015 (2015-07-18) (Pakistan and internationally) August 7, 2015 (2015-08-07) (India) Initial release July 16, 2015 (United Arab Emirates) Directors Momina Duraid, Shehzad Kashmiri Cast Mahirah Khan Askari (Saba Shafiq), Humayun Saeed, Javed Sheikh, Zeba Bakhtiar, Armeena Khan Similar movies Humayun Saeed and Hamza Abbasi appear in Bin Roye and Main Hoon Shahid Afridi Bin roye hum films presents a momina duraid film trailer Bin Roye (English: Without Crying) is a 2015 Pakistani romantic drama film directed by Momina Duraid and Shahzad Kashmiri. The film is produced by Momina Duraid and is starring Mahira Khan, Humayun Saeed, Armeena Khan, Zeba Bakhtiar, Javed Sheikh and others. One of the movie songs is directed by Haissam Hussain. Bin Roye is based on the original novel Bin Roye Ansoo by Farhat Ishtiaq. The film was released worldwide on July 18, 2015, the day of Eid-ul-Fitr. Bin Roye was praised by the critics. It is the 3rd highest-grossing Pakistani film of all time behind Waar and Jawani Phir Nahi Ani. Bin Roye was later adapted into a television series with the same name, that premiered on Hum TV on October 2, 2016. Critical response TV adaptation The film starts by introducing Saba Shafiq (Mahira Khan) and Irtaza’s (Humayun Saeed) relationship, who are cousins. Saba is hopelessly in love with Irtaza, but he treats her like his best friend, not a love interest. Irtaza then leaves for the US for two years, where he meets Saman Shafiq (Armeena Khan), who is his cousin and falls in love with her. Saman is Saba’s elder sister, and she was given to her uncle and aunt as a child. Saman’s foster parents die in a plane crash which was headed to Germany, and Irtaza brings her back to Pakistan. Upon learning that she has an elder sister, Saba is at first overjoyed, but her happiness quickly turns to disdain when she finds out that Irtaza and Saman are in love and are to be married. Later, Irtaza and Saman come to Karachi with their son Maaz. On Maaz's birthday, Saman plans to get a birthday cake and some flowers for her mother. However, tragedy occurs as Saman is hit by a car in front of Saba (who once prayed to God that Saman should die, because she wanted to marry her cousin, Irtaza and hated the fact that her sister is getting married to him). Irtaza calls the ambulance, and they take her to the hospital, however, Saman dies in the ambulance. Before dying, she whispers in Saba's ears that both Irtaza and Maaz are now Saba's. Meanwhile, as Maaz is a child in need of a mother's love, Saba's grandmother suggests to her parents that she should marry her cousin, Irtaza. Saba doesn't agree, and says yes to marrying someone else. On her wedding day Irtaza finds out that Saba's family is unaware that the man she's marrying is already married and has a son. Irtaza gets very angry and confronts Saba, who cries and tells him that it's too late to stop the wedding now since they are actually at the wedding. However, Irtaza drags her to their family and tells them the truth. Their family is shocked and they decide Saba should not marry that guy. Then, to the surprise of everyone present, Irtaza announces that he will marry his cousin, Saba. Saba has a difficult time accepting her marriage and was in trauma that she might be the cause of Saman's death, but after a dramatic turn of events finally Irtaza came to know the whole story and recognized the love of Saba, and declares his love for her. The movie ends with Irtaza and Saba finally together, and finally happy. Mahira Khan as Saba Shafiq Humayun Saeed as Irtaza Armeena Khan as Saman Shafiq Shehzad Malik as Shehzad Zeba Bakhtiar as Saba and Saman's mother Javed Sheikh as Saba and Saman's father Jahanzeb Khan as Zafar Azra Mansoor as Dadi Junaid Khan as Safir Adeel Hussain special appearance in song "Balle Balle" Mujtaba Khan as young Irtaza Gulfam Ramay as GuL G (Saba Shafiq's husband) Annie Zaidi as Saman's Foster mother Rashid Khawaja as Saman's Foster father Bin Roye was developed by Hum TV's senior producer Momina Duraid of Momina Duraid Productions, Duraid choose Shehzaad Kashmiri along with herself to direct the film. Story of film is based on Farhat Ishtiaq's novel, Bin Roye Ansoo. Screenplay is also written by Ishtiaq, while cinematography is done by Farhan Alam. Song composition is done by Shiraz Uppal, Sahir Ali Bagha, Shani Arshad and Waqr Ali. Two songs in the film have been directed by Sarmad Sultan Khoosat, Asim Raza and Haissam Hussain. Producer Momina Duraid choose Mahira Khan, along with Humayun Saeed and Armeena Rana Khan to portray the leading roles, however Zeba Bakhtiar, Javed Sheikh and Azra Mehmood were selected to portray supporting roles. Mahira Khan, after her success in Humsafar, Shehr-e-Zaat and Bol, was selected to portray the role of Saba. Khan continued with her film Raees and managed to work for Bin Roye. Humayun was selected to portray the role of main lead, Irtiza while Armeena Khan, after completing her television series Karb, joined the shoot. Filming began in 2014 and was completed in the late March 2015. The film premiered in July 2015, after the completion of filming. Teasers were released in late April which were heavily praised for their shooting and cast while music was released in June 2015. Shooting was extensively done in Karachi, with some chunks being shot in parts of California, United States. Bin Roye's soundtrack received positive reviews from critics and the public alike. The song "Balle Balle" was on the top of the charts on the Bollywood song website "Saavn" for a week. Bin Roye, made at a budget of ₨3.5 crore (US$330,000), released in more than 400 screens worldwide on Eid-ul-Fitr, 18 July 2015 under the banner of Hum Films in Pakistan and under B4U Films in international markets excluding Pakistan and the Middle-East. Bin Roye released in more than 10 countries including; the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Middle East, and United Arab Emirates on 19 July 2015. Bin Roye initially released in 83 screens in Pakistan but later increased to 89 screens after first two days. Bin Roye was initially set to screen on 60 screens in India, but it was deferred in the state of Maharashtra because of Maharashtra Navnirman Chitrapat Karmachari Sena's protest. Bin Roye also faced release issue in Kolkata, India. Bin Roye released in India in 81 screens on 7 August 2015, making it biggest release ever for Pakistani film in India. Mike McCahill of The Guardian termed the film a soppy vortex and gave Bin Roye 2 stars. Ujala Ali Khan of The National gave Bin Roye 4 stars and praised the film. Bindu Rai of Emirates 24/7 praised Mahira Khan's performance but termed 'Bin Roye' as a sob fest. Nadia Lewis of Gulf News also praised the film. Amna Omer of The Nation praised Bin Roye despite its flaws and gave it 3.5 stars. Sidra Rizvi of Aaj News also praised the film. Maliha Rehman of The Dawn praised the film by saying: "Bin Roye as a desi version of a chick flick. But it’s a good one and interesting enough for even men to sit through it." Sameeksha Dandriyal of IBN Live praised Mahira Khan for her intense acting but termed Bin roye an average film and gave it 2.5 stars out of 5. Aneela Zeb Babar of Desimartini.com (a Hindustan Times group's website) gave the film 2 stars. Rafay Mahmood of The Express Tribune also praised Bin Roye. Zia of Sabz Irtiqa praised the film for its music and wrote "it’s the Mahira Khan Show from 1st frame till the end. Anisha Jhaveri of India.com too praised the film terming it as a ray of hope for the Pakistan's film industry. Bin Roye had grossed ₨7 crore (US$660,000) worldwide in first four days. Bin Roye grossed ₨2.3 crore (US$220,000) in first three days in Pakistan. Film took a very good opening and collected ₨0.425 crore (US$40,000) on Day One. Film saw big growth on Day Two as film collected ₨0.6 crore (US$57,000) taking two days total to ₨1.03 crore (US$98,000). Film saw houseful shows at Super Cinemas, Cinestar and Conegold as film recorded 90-95 % occupancies at big metros and overall 75+% occupancies which is a very good result. Film shew further growth on Eid Day 3 as film grossed ₨0.72 crore (US$68,000) taking Eid Weekend total to ₨1.75 crore (US$170,000). On Tuesday film benefited from Holiday as film collected ₨0.63 crore (US$60,000) and then on Wednesday film had minimal fall despite working day as film netted ₨0.58 crore (US$55,000) taking 5 Days total to ₨2.96 crore (US$280,000), and subsequently ₨3.56 crore (US$340,000) in the first Eid week. Film managed big in 2nd Weekend as there was a growth of 15% over Eid Weekend and film collected ₨2 crore (US$190,000) taking grand to ₨5.56 crore (US$530,000). Bin Roye grossed 417k £ (6.67 crore) at U. K. Box Office at the end of its third weekend. There is now a television series titled Bin Roye Ansoo, currently running on Hum TV with the whole cast of the film and based on the novel of same name by Farhat Ishtiaq. Bin Roye Wikipedia Bin Roye IMDb Bin Roye themoviedb.org Armeena Khan	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2875
__label__cc	0.551091	0.448909	Is there income mobility in the Philippines? Martinez, Arturo, Western, Mark, Haynes, Michele and Tomaszewski, Wojtek. (2014) Is there income mobility in the Philippines? Asian-Pacific Economic Literature. 28(1), pp. 96 - 115. https://doi.org/10.1111/apel.12047 Martinez, Arturo, Western, Mark, Haynes, Michele and Tomaszewski, Wojtek Despite a more robust economic performance over the past decade compared with the 1980s and 1990s, growth in average household income is still far below what might be expected given the pace of economic expansion in the Philippines. Inequality of household income has also remained high, which leads to the question: is there income mobility in the Philippines? Using longitudinal data from three years of the redesigned Philippine Family Income and Expenditure Survey (2003, 2006, and 2009) and a variety of analytical tools, we examine the mobility of Filipino household income and show that it is less stagnant than is conventionally perceived. Empirical evidence suggests that significant positive and negative mobility exists; albeit, the two tend to offset each other, contributing to slow household income growth at the aggregate level. In addition, there is some evidence that transitory fluctuations contribute significantly to the observed level of income mobility. Overall, the findings are robust across different analytical tools used in measuring income mobility. Asian-Pacific Economic Literature 28 (1), pp. 96 - 115 Blackwell Publishing Ltd https://doi.org/10.1111/apel.12047 https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/85vx8/is-there-income-mobility-in-the-philippines Estimating reliability statistics and measurement error variances using instrumental variables with longitudinal data Goldstein, Harvey, Haynes, Michele, Leckie, George and Tran, Phuong. (2020) Estimating reliability statistics and measurement error variances using instrumental variables with longitudinal data. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies. 11(3), pp. 289 - 306. https://doi.org/10.1332/175795920X15844303873216 Indigenous preferences for inpatient rooms in Australian hospitals: A mixed-methods study in cross-cultural design Nash, Daphne, O'Rourke, Timothy, Memmott, Paul and Haynes, Michele. (2020) Indigenous preferences for inpatient rooms in Australian hospitals: A mixed-methods study in cross-cultural design. Health Environments Research and Design Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586720925552 The value of administrative data for longitudinal social research: A case study investigating income support receipt and relationship separation in Australia Spallek, Melanie, Haynes, Michele, Baxter, Janeen and Kapelle, Nicole. (2020) The value of administrative data for longitudinal social research: A case study investigating income support receipt and relationship separation in Australia. International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 23(5), pp. 467 - 481. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2019.1707984 Post-school transitions for children in out-of-home care: Evidence from the Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset Spallek, Melanie and Haynes, Michele. (2020) Post-school transitions for children in out-of-home care: Evidence from the Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset. Journal of Youth Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2020.1781803 Order and timing of home ownership and fertility decisions in Australia Spallek, Melanie and Haynes, Michele. (2019) Order and timing of home ownership and fertility decisions in Australia. Critical Housing Analysis. 6(1), pp. 9 - 21. https://doi.org/10.13060/23362839.2019.6.1.445 How are pain and traumatic stress symptoms related in acute whiplash-associated disorders? An investigation of the role of pain-related fear in a daily diary study Eather, Adele, Kenardy, Justin, Healy, Karyn L., Haynes, Michele and Sterling, Michele. (2019) How are pain and traumatic stress symptoms related in acute whiplash-associated disorders? An investigation of the role of pain-related fear in a daily diary study. Pain. 160(9), pp. 1954 - 1966. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001581 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander preferences for healthcare settings: Effective use of design images in survey research Haynes, Michele, O'Rourke, Timothy, Nash, Daphne, Baffour, Bernard, York, Sue, Chainey, Carys, Betros, Georgia and Memmott, Paul. (2019) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander preferences for healthcare settings: Effective use of design images in survey research. Australian Health Review. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH18196 Misspecification of multimodal random-effect distributions in logistic mixed models for panel survey data Marquart, Louise and Haynes, Michele. (2019) Misspecification of multimodal random-effect distributions in logistic mixed models for panel survey data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society. 182(1), pp. 305 - 321. https://doi.org/10.1111/rssa.12385 From bench to curbside: considering the role of simulations in scaling-up justice interventions Mazerolle, Lorraine, Baxter, Janeen, Cobb-Clark, Deborah, Haynes, Michele, Lawrence, David and Western, Mark. (2017) From bench to curbside: considering the role of simulations in scaling-up justice interventions. Criminology and Public Policy. 16(2), pp. 501 - 510. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12287 Including mobile-only telephone users in a statewide preventive health survey-differences in the prevalence of health risk factors and impact on trends Baffour, Bernard, Roselli, Tim, Haynes, Michele, Bon, Joshua J., Western, Mark and Clemens, Susan. (2017) Including mobile-only telephone users in a statewide preventive health survey-differences in the prevalence of health risk factors and impact on trends United States of Amercia: Elsevier Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.05.009 Parents' interest in their child's education and children's outcomes in adolescence and adulthood: does gender matter? Campbell, Alice K., Povey, Jenny, Hancock, Kirsten J., Mitrou, Francis and Haynes, Michele. (2017) Parents' interest in their child's education and children's outcomes in adolescence and adulthood: does gender matter? International Journal of Educational Research. 85, pp. 131 - 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2017.07.010 Drivers of household income distribution dynamics in the Philippines Martinez, Arturo, Western, Mark, Tomaszewski, Wojtek, Haynes, Michele, Manalo, Maria K. and Sebastian, Iva. (2016) Drivers of household income distribution dynamics in the Philippines. Philippine Statistician. 65(1), pp. 53 - 84. Engaging parents in schools and building parent-school partnerships: the role of school and parent organisation leadership Povey, Jenny, Campbell, Alice K., Willis, Linda D., Haynes, Michele, Western, Mark, Bennett, Sarah, Antrobus, Emma and Pedde, Charley. (2016) Engaging parents in schools and building parent-school partnerships: the role of school and parent organisation leadership. International Journal of Educational Research. 79, pp. 128 - 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2016.07.005 Weighting strategies for combining data from dual-frame telephone surveys: emerging evidence from Australia Baffour, Bernard, Haynes, Michele, Western, Mark, Pennay, D. W., Misson, Sebastian and Martinez, Arturo. (2016) Weighting strategies for combining data from dual-frame telephone surveys: emerging evidence from Australia. Journal of Official Statistics. 32(3), pp. 549 - 578. https://doi.org/10.1515/JOS-2016-0029 Profiling the mobile-only population in Australia: insights from the Australian national health survey Baffour, Bernard, Haynes, Michele, Dinsdale, Shane, Western, Mark and Pennay, D. W.. (2016) Profiling the mobile-only population in Australia: insights from the Australian national health survey. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 40(5), pp. 443 - 447. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12549 How income segmentation affects income mobility: Evidence from panel data in the Philippines Martinez, Arturo, Western, Mark, Haynes, Michele and Tomaszewski, Wojtek. (2015) How income segmentation affects income mobility: Evidence from panel data in the Philippines. Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies. 2(3), pp. 590 - 608. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.96 Time on housework and selection into and out of relationships in Australia: A multiprocess, multilevel approach Haynes, Michele, Baxter, Janeen, Hewitt, Belinda and Western, Mark. (2015) Time on housework and selection into and out of relationships in Australia: A multiprocess, multilevel approach. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies. 6(3), pp. 245 - 263. https://doi.org/10.14301/llcs.v6i3.303 Life satisfaction and retirement in Australia: A longitudinal approach Heybroek, Lachlan, Haynes, Michele and Baxter, Janeen. (2015) Life satisfaction and retirement in Australia: A longitudinal approach. Work, Aging and Retirement. 1(2), pp. 166 - 180. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/wav006 Multiple job holding and income mobility in Indonesia Martinez, Arturo, Western, Mark, Haynes, Michele, Tomaszewski, Wojtek and Macarayan, Erlyn. (2014) Multiple job holding and income mobility in Indonesia. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility: a research annual. 37, pp. 91 - 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2013.09.008 Effect of health insurance on the utilisation of allied health services by people with chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis Skinner, Elizabeth H., Foster, Michele, Mitchell, Geoffrey, Haynes, Michele, O'Flaherty, Martin and Haines, Terry. (2014) Effect of health insurance on the utilisation of allied health services by people with chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian Journal of Primary Health. 20(1), pp. 9 - 19. https://doi.org/10.1071/PY13092 Holistic housing pathways for Australian families through the childbearing years Spallek, Melanie, Haynes, Michele and Jones, Andrew. (2014) Holistic housing pathways for Australian families through the childbearing years. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies. 5(2), pp. 205 - 226. https://doi.org/10.14301/llcs.v5i2.276 Primary students' scientific reasoning and discourse during cooperative inquiry-based science activities Gillies, Robyn, Nichols, Kim, Burgh, Gilbert and Haynes, Michele. (2014) Primary students' scientific reasoning and discourse during cooperative inquiry-based science activities. International Journal of Educational Research. 63, pp. 127 - 140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2013.01.001 Effect of a group intervention to promote older adults' adjustment to driving cessation on community mobility: a randomized controlled trial Liddle, Jacki, Haynes, Michele, Pachana, Nancy A., Mitchell, Geoffrey, McKenna, Kryss and Gustafsson, Louise. (2013) Effect of a group intervention to promote older adults' adjustment to driving cessation on community mobility: a randomized controlled trial. Gerontologist. 54(3), pp. 409 - 422. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnt019 Change and stability in ethnic diversity across urban communities: explicating the influence of social cohesion on perceptions of disorder Zahnow, Renee, Wickes, Rebecca, Haynes, Michele and Mazerolle, Lorraine. (2013) Change and stability in ethnic diversity across urban communities: explicating the influence of social cohesion on perceptions of disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology. 46(3), pp. 335 - 356. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004865813486903 Relationship dissolution and time on housework Hewitt, Belinda, Haynes, Michele and Baxter, Janeen. (2013) Relationship dissolution and time on housework. Journal of Comparative Family Studies. 44(3), pp. 327 - 340. Goal setting and self-efficacy among delinquent, at-risk and not at-risk adolescents Carroll, Annemaree, Gordon, Kellie, Haynes, Michele and Houghton, Steve. (2013) Goal setting and self-efficacy among delinquent, at-risk and not at-risk adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence: a multidisciplinary research publication. 42(3), pp. 431 - 443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9799-y Health for all? Patterns and predictors of allied health service use in Australia Foster, Michele, O'Flaherty, Martin, Haynes, Michele, Mitchell, Geoffrey and Haines, Terry. (2013) Health for all? Patterns and predictors of allied health service use in Australia. Australian Health Review. 37(3), pp. 389 - 396. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH12040 The effects of two strategic and meta-cognitive questioning approaches on children's explanatory behaviour, problem-solving, and learning during cooperative, inquiry-based science Gillies, Robyn, Nichols, Kim, Burgh, Gilbert and Haynes, Michele. (2012) The effects of two strategic and meta-cognitive questioning approaches on children's explanatory behaviour, problem-solving, and learning during cooperative, inquiry-based science. International Journal of Educational Research. 53, pp. 93 - 106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2012.02.003 Individual and environmental characteristics associated with cognitive development in down syndrome: a longitudinal study Couzens, Donna, Haynes, Michele and Cuskelly, Monica. (2012) Individual and environmental characteristics associated with cognitive development in down syndrome: a longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 25(5), pp. 396 - 413. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2011.00673.x Mid-aged adults' sitting time in three contexts Burton, Nicola W., Haynes, Michele, van Uffelen, Jannique G. Z., Brown, Wendy J. and Turrell, Gavin. (2012) Mid-aged adults' sitting time in three contexts. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 42(4), pp. 363 - 373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.11.012 Time use differences in activity participation among children 4-5 years old with and without the risk of developing conduct problems Yu, Mong L., Ziviani, Jenny, Baxter, Janeen and Haynes, Michele. (2012) Time use differences in activity participation among children 4-5 years old with and without the risk of developing conduct problems. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 33(2), pp. 490 - 498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.10.013 Increasing explanatory behaviour, problem-solving, and reasoning within classes using cooperative group work Gillies, Robyn and Haynes, Michele. (2011) Increasing explanatory behaviour, problem-solving, and reasoning within classes using cooperative group work. Instructional Science. 39(3), pp. 349 - 366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-010-9130-9 Cognitive development and down syndrome: Age-related change on the Stanford-Binet test (fourth edition) Couzens, Donna, Cuskelly, Monica and Haynes, Michele. (2011) Cognitive development and down syndrome: Age-related change on the Stanford-Binet test (fourth edition). American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 116(3), pp. 181 - 204. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-116.3.181 Sleep, structured and social time use and young Australian children's physical activity Yu, Mong L., Ziviani, Jenny and Haynes, Michele. (2011) Sleep, structured and social time use and young Australian children's physical activity. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 22(3), pp. 203 - 209.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2878
__label__cc	0.676181	0.323819	Review By Title Review Policy & Rating System Blossoming Sources Authors To Love Sources For The Romance Lover Posted in End of Year Survey Elite New To Me Authors So today this is where we discuss my favorite new to me authors that I have discovered this past year and there are so many great authors that I took a chance on and I am so glad that I did!!! And I want to share my favorites of the year. Its always such a heartwarming experience to discover fresh voices!!! This is an author that has been around for so long, and I finally picked her up for the first time this year and I really had a good time with exploring some of her work. She has so many books so it might take a while before I get a good handle on it but looking forward to exploring it further. About Lisa Renee Jones New York Times and USA Today bestselling author Lisa Renee Jones is the author of the highly acclaimed INSIDE OUT series. Suzanne Todd (producer of Alice in Wonderland) on the INSIDE OUT series: Lisa has created a beautiful, complicated, and sensual world that is filled with intrigue and suspense. Sara’s character is strong, flawed, complex, and sexy - a modern girl we all can identify with. In addition to the success of Lisa's INSIDE OUT series, she has published many successful titles. The TALL, DARK AND DEADLY series and THE SECRET LIFE OF AMY BENSEN series, both spent several months on a combination of the New York Times and USA Today bestselling lists. Lisa is presently working on a dark, edgy new series, Dirty Money, for St. Martin's Press. Prior to publishing Lisa owned multi-state staffing agency that was recognized many times by The Austin Business Journal and also praised by the Dallas Women's Magazine. In 1998 Lisa was listed as the #7 growing women owned business in Entrepreneur Magazine. Lisa loves to hear from her readers. You can reach her at www.lisareneejones.com and she is active on Twitter and Facebook daily Website \| Twitter \| Facebook \| Goodreads Amalie Howard This author is an author that has actually been writing for quite a long while, but I fell in love with her Beast of Beswick novel and really drawn to how she handled regency romance. About Amalie Howard AMALIE HOWARD is the author of several young adult novels critically acclaimed by Kirkus, Publishers Weekly, VOYA, and Booklist, including Waterfell, The Almost Girl, and Alpha Goddess, a Spring 2014 Kid’s INDIE NEXT title. Her debut novel, Bloodspell, was a #1 Amazon bestseller and a Seventeen Magazine Summer Read. The sequel, Bloodcraft, was a silver IPPY medalist and a Children's Moonbeam award winner. She is also the co-author of the adult historical romance series, THE LORDS OF ESSEX, written with her good friend and fellow author, Angie Morgan. As an author of color and a proud supporter of diversity in fiction, her articles on multicultural fiction have appeared in The Portland Book Review and on the popular Diversity in YA blog. She currently resides in Colorado with her husband and three children. Jessie Mihalik I read this author with her new sci fi series and man I LOVED her writing so much. I was drawn into the soap opera romance theme she put into play. About Jessie Mihalik Author of Polaris Rising, a romantic science fiction novel out now from Harper Voyager. For a peek at the first three chapters, visit my website. Aurora Blazing, the second book in the series, arrives in October! The first chapter is available! Jessie Mihalik has a degree in Computer Science and a love of all things geeky. A software engineer by trade, Jessie now writes full time from her home in Texas. When she’s not writing, she can be found playing co-op video games with her husband, trying out new board games, or reading books pulled from her overflowing bookshelves. Website \| Twitter \| Facebook \| Goodreads \| Instagram Milla Vane Epic Fantasy Adult Romance is a rare commodity among the romance fiction genre, and Milla Vane rocks the house with it. It does have a bit darker edgy theme to it which I adore. Her books are so addicting and I can’t wait to see what she delivers in the future. About Milla Vane Milla Vane is an alternate name for author Meljean Brook. Meljean was raised in the middle of the woods, and hid under her blankets at night with fairy tales, comic books, and romances. She left the forest and went on a misguided tour through the world of accounting before focusing on her first loves, reading and writing-and she realized that monsters, superheroes, and happily-ever-afters are easily found between the covers, as well as under them, so she set out to make her own. Meljean lives in Portland, Oregon with her husband and daughter. I tried out this author for the first time, I have seen her around forever it seems but for some reason I never grabbed her up until now. But she has such a charm quality to her writing that I fell in love with. About Melissa Foster Melissa Foster is a New York Times & USA Today bestselling and award-winning author. She writes sexy and heartwarming contemporary romance and women’s fiction with emotionally compelling characters that stay with you long after you turn the last page. Melissa’s emotional journeys are lovingly erotic and always family oriented, the perfect beach reads for contemporary romance and women's fiction lovers who enjoy reading about loyal, wealthy heroes and smart, sassy heroines with complex relatable issues. Brittainy Cherry I didn’t know hardly anything about this author until I saw “Southern Storms” on Amazon and quite frankly I just grabbed it up due to the cover and it was FANTASTIC!! Definitely want to read more of her work this upcoming year. I loved how genuine of a feel her writing felt to me. About Brittainy C. Cherry Author Brittainy C. Cherry is an Amazon #1 bestselling author. She has been in love with words since the day she took her first breath. She graduated from Carroll University with a Bachelors Degree in Theatre Arts and a minor in Creative Writing. Her novels have been published in 18+ countries around the world. Brittainy lives in Brookfield, Wisconsin with her fur babies. Meagan McKinney This is an author I have had on my TBR for the longest time, like years! And so a buddy reader and I got our butts in gear and picked up TWO of her books and I LOVED them. If you love a great angst in a romance, this is a historical author you need in your life. About Meagan McKinney Ruth Leslie Goodman Roberson (1961), well-known as Meagan McKinney gave up a thriving career as a biologist to become a full-time romance writer. She is author of over 20 critically acclaimed novels. Divorced, she lives with her two children in in New Orleans, Louisiana. Jessica Scott This author is known for her talent in writing military romance and as I have a weakness for this sub genre, I finally grabbed her up in a novella this past week and man it was so GOOD….emotionally raw and beautiful. I can’t wait to pick more of her work soon. About Jessica Scott Jessica Scott is the USA Today bestselling author of novels set in the heart of America’s Army. She is an active duty army officer, a veteran of the Iraq war, is the mother of two daughters, a small zoo consisting of too many cats, dogs and the occasional domesticated rodent, and wife to a retired NCO. Website \| Goodreads Which Authors Did You Love This Year Who Was New To You? Historical Romance 101 Copyright@ 2021 Addicted To Romance Site made with by Angie Makes	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2879
__label__wiki	0.530509	0.530509	COVID-19 Vaccine Recommendation for Emory Transplant Center Patients Exercise for a Younger Brain Clinical Trials for COVID-19 4 Tips to Help You Succeed at Your New Year’s Resolutions RaDIANT Study Seeks to Improve Access to Kidney Transplants 1RTS Home Cancer Pancreatic Cancer and Your Digestive Health Pancreatic Cancer and Your Digestive Health By Bassel El-Rayes, MD & David A. Kooby, MD Couple running along the beach holding hands at sunrise or sunset. They are a silhouette against the sun. Very romantic and remote. Tight crop with unrecognizable people. When you think of digestion you probably don’t think about the pancreas, but it sits right behind the stomach and works to provide essential digestive functions. The pancreas, only about 4-6 inches long, is widely known for producing insulin, an important hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, but it also assists the body in the absorption of nutrients into the small intestine. Pancreatic cancer risk increases with age and most people are between 60 to 80 years old when diagnosed. Early pancreatic cancer often does not cause symptoms; however, there are five early warning signs that we can all be aware of to better advocate for our health. Five Early Distress Warnings of Digestive Cancer Yellow eyes or skin. The pancreas uses a greenish-brown fluid made in the gallbladder, called bile, to help the small intestine in digestion. If a tumor starts in the head of the pancreas, it can block or press on the bile duct and cause bile to build up. This back-up causes yellow discoloration, called jaundice. Belly pain. Pain has been described as distressing, as compared to a sharp cramp or ache. Pain may go away when you lean forward because it and spreads toward the back. Change in stool. Pale, floating, smelly stools. Or dark stools. Let your stool be a guide. If a pancreatic tumor prevents digestive fluids from reaching the intestine, the result is an inability to digest fatty foods. Anytime there is a change with digestion then check in with your doctor. It may not be a sign of digestive cancer, but you do need to be aware of your own body function to determine what is or is not “normal.” Lack of appetite. Or sudden, unexplained weight loss. A drop in appetite and a tendency to feel full after eating very little is something to be aware of. Again, it may not be alarming but you do need to be aware of your own body function to determine what is or is not “normal.” Diabetes, especially if unexpected from regular checkups. Most diabetes diagnoses are not due to pancreatic cancer; however, research studies show that pancreatic cancer patients have a higher rate of diabetes diagnosis than the general populace. Knowing your family history of pancreatic cancer and having a baseline of regular screening will help your doctor evaluate if additional tests should be done. Schedule Annual Screenings Being an advocate for your health starts with healthy behaviors; tobacco use, particularly cigarette smoking, accounts for 20-30 percent of pancreatic cancer. Knowing risk factors you should avoid (such as smoking) and being aware of what your body is signaling will help you in early detection as well as potential outcome. Annual screenings to check for chronic health conditions, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and cancer, are an important part of staying healthy. Scheduling a regular exam with your primary care provider also gives you the opportunity to discuss any health concerns you may have. Find a doctor near you and schedule a well visit today. At Emory Healthcare we’re here to help you find the care you need, when you need it. With more than 2,800 doctors and 300 locations, including 11 hospitals, and hundreds of primary care offices, urgent cares and MinuteClinics, we’re delivering specialized care across the region, find a doctor near you to help you get and stay healthy. Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with cancer, you need a multidisciplinary team of health care specialists. Winship’s pancreas cancer team includes surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, gastroenterologists, pathologists as well as pain specialists, nutritionists and social workers. For patients with early stage pancreatic cancer, the Whipple surgical procedure is the best option for long-term survival. Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University surgeons perform a large number of Whipple procedures every year; a high volume of these procedures directly translates into the expertise needed to perform the procedure safely. Some patients may be candidates for laparoscopic or robotic surgery, which may improve both recovery and cosmetic appearance after surgery. Winship at Emory surgeons are leading the world in this area as well. If diagnosed with cancer, it’s important to get to Winship first. Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University is the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Comprehensive Cancer Center for Georgia – the highest designation given by the NCI to cancer centers in the nation. Winship offers expertise in cancer research, prevention, detection and treatment with the most advanced therapies. Winship is where you get treatments years before others can. Our expert team coordinates every detail of your visit to meet your individualized treatment plan. Visit emoryhealthcare.org/cancer or call 1-888-WINSHIP for an appointment. About Dr. El-Rayes Bassel El-Rayes, MD, is the Director of the GI Oncology Clinical and Translational Research Program, Associate Cancer Research Director for Clinical Research at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University and Professor of Hematology and Oncology at Emory University School of Medicine. Dr. El-Rayes earned his bachelor’s degree in biology and doctoral degree from the American University of Beirut. He then completed his residency in internal medicine and fellowship in hematology and medical oncology at Wayne State University, Detroit. He was on faculty at Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute from 2003-2009. Dr. El-Rayes clinical interests include gastrointestinal malignancies specifically pancreatobiliary and neuroendocrine cancers. He is principle investigator on multiple investigator initiated trials. He has served on the gastrointestinal committee for Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) and Radiation Oncology Cooperative Group (RTOG). He currently serves on the National Cancer Institute Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) Task Force. He also serves as Co-chair of Hoosier Oncology Group (HOG) Cancer Research Network – Gastrointestinal Clinical Trials Working Group. Dr. El-Rayes is a Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Clinical Scholar. He has published over 90 peer reviewed articles in elite journals including Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research. About Dr. Kooby David A. Kooby, MD, FACS, specializes in laparoscopic/robotic and open surgical treatment of liver, bile duct, pancreas, stomach, and colon tumors/cancers. He also has expertise with tumors and diseases of the spleen, adrenal glands, and retroperitoneum. He has taught many national courses on laparoscopic resection of the liver, pancreas, and colon, and is frequently invited to speak at national conferences. He received his MD at the State University of New York, Downstate Medical College, Brooklyn, NY, in 1994; completed his surgical residency at Vanderbilt University, where he won medical student and resident teaching awards. He completed both bench research and clinical fellowships at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. He was recruited by Emory in 2003, and is currently an Associate Professor of Surgery in the Division of Surgical Oncology, Director of Surgical Oncology at Emory/Saint Joseph’s Hospital, and Director of Minimally Invasive GI Surgical Oncology. He serves on several national committees including the task force charged with updating the staging of hepatobiliary malignancies for the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s Cancer Staging Manual, the research and education committee for the American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, and the Hepatobiliary Working Group for the Society of Surgical Oncology. He is leader in multicenter clinical research and is a national leader in minimally invasive pancreatic surgery. Previous articleGet the Facts About Colonoscopies Next articleEnd-Stage Renal Failure Treatment Options: Dialysis or Kidney Transplant Bassel El-Rayes, MD & David A. Kooby, MD Bassel El-Rayes, MD, is the Director of the GI Oncology Clinical and Translational Research Program, Associate Cancer Research Director for Clinical Research at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University and Professor of Hematology and Oncology at Emory University School of Medicine. Dr. El-Rayes earned his bachelor’s degree in biology and doctoral degree from the American University of Beirut. He then completed his residency in internal medicine and fellowship in hematology and medical oncology at Wayne State University, Detroit. He was on faculty at Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute from 2003-2009. Dr. El-Rayes clinical interests include gastrointestinal malignancies specifically pancreatobiliary and neuroendocrine cancers. He is principle investigator on multiple investigator initiated trials. He has served on the gastrointestinal committee for Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) and Radiation Oncology Cooperative Group (RTOG). He currently serves on the National Cancer Institute Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) Task Force. He also serves as Co-chair of Hoosier Oncology Group (HOG) Cancer Research Network – Gastrointestinal Clinical Trials Working Group. Dr. El-Rayes is a Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Clinical Scholar. He has published over 90 peer reviewed articles in elite journals including Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research. David A. Kooby, MD, FACS, specializes in laparoscopic/robotic and open surgical treatment of liver, bile duct, pancreas, stomach, and colon tumors/cancers. He also has expertise with tumors and diseases of the spleen, adrenal glands, and retroperitoneum. He has taught many national courses on laparoscopic resection of the liver, pancreas, and colon, and is frequently invited to speak at national conferences. He received his MD at the State University of New York, Downstate Medical College, Brooklyn, NY, in 1994; completed his surgical residency at Vanderbilt University, where he won medical student and resident teaching awards. He completed both bench research and clinical fellowships at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. He was recruited by Emory in 2003, and is currently an Associate Professor of Surgery in the Division of Surgical Oncology, Director of Surgical Oncology at Emory/Saint Joseph’s Hospital, and Director of Minimally Invasive GI Surgical Oncology. He serves on several national committees including the task force charged with updating the staging of hepatobiliary malignancies for the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s Cancer Staging Manual, the research and education committee for the American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, and the Hepatobiliary Working Group for the Society of Surgical Oncology. He is leader in multicenter clinical research and is a national leader in minimally invasive pancreatic surgery. Lung Cancer: Not Just a Disease of Smokers Jennifer Carlisle, MD - November 24, 2020 0 Cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor for most patients who develop lung cancer. However, some patients diagnosed with lung cancer have never smoked... Men’s Fertility After Cancer: What to Ask Your Doctor Winship Cancer Institute - November 12, 2020 0 When diagnosed with cancer, there are many decisions and treatment plans. One potential consideration is the future of your fertility. Future fertility may not... November is Lung Cancer Awareness Month: Reduce Your Cancer Risks Today Manu Sancheti, MD - November 1, 2020 0 According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), lung cancer accounts for about 13 percent of all new cancers. Each year, more people die of... Emory Health Source Newsletter Please use the form below to subscribe to Emory Healthsource newsletter. Copyright © Emory Healthcare 2019 - All Rights Reserved Emory Transplant Center - January 15, 2021 0	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2881
__label__wiki	0.942808	0.942808	Adventures of a Tudor Nerd Tudor History from the Wars of the Roses to the Death of Elizabeth I Historical Poetry Tag: Tewkesbury Book Review: “Edward IV and the Wars of the Roses” by David Santiuste On April 9, 2020 April 10, 2020 By hmalagisiIn Book Reviews1 Comment The romanticized conflict that was known as the Wars of the Roses had numerous colorful figures. From the sleeping king, Henry VI and his strong wife Margaret of Anjou to the cunning Kingmaker Warwick and the hotly debated figure Richard III, these men and women made this conflict rather fascinating. However, there was one man who would truly define this era in English history, Edward IV. He was a son of Richard duke of York who fought to avenge his father’s death and the man who would marry a woman, Elizabeth Woodville, who he loved instead of allying himself with a European power. These are elements of his story that most people know, but he was first and foremost an effective general, which is a side that is rarely explored when examining his life. David Santiuste decided to explore this vital part of Edward’s life in his book, “Edward IV and the Wars of the Roses”. I would like to thank Pen and Sword Books for sending me a copy of this book. I have always been fascinated by this period in history, but I have not read a lot of books about Edward IV so I really wanted to read this one. This book is not a traditional biography about Edward IV, but rather it is a study on the military leadership of the king. Santiuste takes the time to explain how the Wars of the Roses started to give a foundation for readers who are not quite familiar with the actual conflict. He also explores how armies were formed during this time as well as what weapons and types of equipment that a typical soldier would use on a field of combat. Unlike the other kings who ruled during the Wars of the Roses, Henry VI and Richard III respectively, Edward IV never lost a battle in England. He could easily be compared to Edward III and Henry V as a warrior king, however, he was never able to win a victory overseas, even though he did try. Santiuste explores the sources of the time and the military strategies that Edward used in each of the battles that he fought in, especially the battles of Towton, Barnet, and Tewkesbury, to give the reader a better understanding of why the Yorkists won these battles. It is truly the re-examination of these sources that is the bread and butter of this new study of the warrior king. By doing a historiographical study of the sources, Santiuste is able to explore their validity which gives us a better understanding of the truth of Edward’s relationships and his military prowess. What I found really interesting in this book was Santiuste’s examination of the relationship between Edward IV and the Earl of Warwick. It was a vital, if not tumultuous and complex, relationship between these two men that turned from friends to deadly enemies. Another intriguing aspect of this book was exploring Edward IV’s relationships with those who lived in other European countries, especially those who he interacted while he was in exile in the Netherlands. These relationships helped transform Edward IV from a regular warrior to a legendary warrior king. Overall, I found this study by Santiuste enjoyable and thought-provoking. It was relatively easy to understand and it offered a fresh perspective to this king and this conflict. If you want to learn more about the Wars of the Roses and the enigmatic King Edward IV, I would highly recommend you read, “Edward IV and the Wars of the Roses” by David Santiuste. Biography: Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford and Countess Rivers On August 25, 2018 August 26, 2018 By hmalagisiIn BiographiesLeave a comment (Born around 1415/1416- Died May 30, 1472). Daughter of Pierre de Luxembourg and Margaret of Baux. Married to John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford and Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers. Mother of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England, Lewis Woodville, Anne Woodville, Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, Mary Woodville, Jacquetta Woodville, John Woodville, Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers, Martha Woodville, Eleanor Woodville, Lionel Woodville, Margaret Woodville, Edward Woodville, Lord Scales, and Catherine Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham. Jacquetta of Luxembourg was a woman who married from love, just like her daughter Elizabeth of Woodville. She was accused of witchcraft later on in her life. Jacquetta of Luxembourg was born either around 1415 or 1416, but many believe it was around 1416, to Pierre de Luxembourg,Count of St. Pol, Conversano and Brienne, seigneur of Enghien and Viscount of Lille, and his wife Margaret of Baux. Not much is known about Jacquetta’s early life. She was born during the Hundred Years War between France and England. In 1420, the Treaty of Troyes was signed, making King Henry V and his heirs the next heirs to the French throne. In 1422, the brother of Henry V, John Duke of Bedford was named regent in France for the young English King Henry VI. John was married to Anne, sister of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy in 1423. Anne died childless in 1432. John wasn’t sure about marrying again, until Louis, Bishop of Thérouanne, convinced him to marry his niece Jacquetta; the couple was married by Louis in April 1433. The marriage was controversial because they had married so soon after the death of John’s first wife, making his brother in law, the Duke of Burgundy, upset. Humphrey Duke of Gloucester and the English regent to the young King Henry VI, requested that John come back to England to answer questions about neglect in his job in France. John also needed more funds for the war effort so he took Jacquetta with him to England in June of 1433. On July 8, Jacquetta was given the rights of English citizenship and that same year, her father Pierre de Luxembourg died. In 1434, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford was given the honor of joining the Order of the Garter. The Duke of Burgundy was still fuming over the marriage of John and Jacquetta, decided to abandon his alliance with the English and join forces with the French. During this time, Sir Richard Woodville was appointed as lieutenant of the garrison at Calais. His father was Richard Woodville, the chamberlain of the Duke of Bedford. John Duke of Bedford, was very ill at this time, and would die on September 14, 1435; he was buried in Rouen. He had no children with Jacquetta. Sir Richard Woodville was ordered by King Henry VI to bring Jacquetta to England under an agreement with Jacquetta’s uncle Louis. This allowed her to maintain one third of the Bedford estates and the title of Duchess of Bedford if she agreed to go to England and obtain the king’s permission to remarry. During the journey, Jacquetta and Richard fell in love and married in secret, without seeking the king’s permission. This angered the king and he fined the couple 1000 pounds and on March 23, 1437, Parliament recognized the marriage. Jacquetta did raise the money and was able to buy land in October. The couple had a long and happy marriage. They had 14 children, including Elizabeth Woodville, the future Queen of England. Richard continued his military career even after his controversial marriage. He served under the Dukes of Somerset and York in France until 1442 and he was recognized as a premier jouster. In 1444, Jacquetta and Richard were part of a large group to help escort Margaret of Anjou to England; Jacquetta was related to Margaret through marriage as Jacquetta’s sister Isabel was married to Margaret’s uncle Charles, Count of Maine. Jacquetta was a favorite at court and in 1448, Richard Woodville was made Baron Rivers. In 1452, Jacquetta watched as her daughter Elizabeth was married to Lord Grey of Groby, a member of the Lancastrian family. The couple would have two sons. In 1453, Jacquetta was there for the churching ceremony of Margaret of Anjou after she gave birth to her son Edward of Westminster. In 1457, Richard was made constable of Rochester Castle and his family was sent to live with him there. Richard’s job was not to guard against attacks from the French but to guard against an attack from Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick. In 1461 at the Second Battle of St. Albans, Margaret of Anjou’s Lancastrian army were victorious over the Yorkist army, but Elizabeth Woodville’s husband and Jacquetta’s son in law Sir John Grey, was killed, leaving Elizabeth a widow. After the Yorkist victory a few weeks later at Towton, Edward IV, the new king, stopped by at Grafton Regis for a couple of days, where it is said he fell in love with Elizabeth Grey, Jacquetta’s daughter. In 1464, the Lancastrian Woodvilles decided to side with Edward IV after he married Elizabeth in secret, angering his allies, especially Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, who was working on a marriage alliance with France. Jacquetta was there to see her daughter crowned queen and she was the godmother of Elizabeth’s first child, Elizabeth of York, born on February 11, 1466. In 1469, Warwick decided to rebel against Edward IV and join the Lancastrian cause to put Henry VI back on the throne. After the Battle of Edgecote Moor, Jacquetta’s husband Richard and their son John were arrested and executed on August 12 at Kenilworth. Jacquetta was arrested by Warwick on the charges of witchcraft. She is said to have made two leaden figures of Edward IV and Elizabeth Grey and she practiced black arts to bring about the marriage between her daughter and the king. She was also accused of making a figure of Warwick and conspiring his death. These charges were dropped in February 1470, but they would resurface after Edward IV’s death in 1483. In September 1470, Warwick invaded England and placed Henry VI back on the throne, forcing Edward IV to flee and Jacquetta, Elizabeth and her children sought sanctuary at Westminster Abbey. During this time, Elizabeth gave birth to her first son, the future Edward V. Edward IV returned and defeated Warwick at the Battle of Barnet in April 1471. When Margaret of Anjou returned, she formed an army to march against Edward IV, which forced Jacquetta and Elizabeth to seek shelter at the Tower of London. After the Battle of Tewkesbury, Jacquetta and Elizabeth exited the Tower and Margaret of Anjou and Henry VI entered it; Henry VI would later die in the Tower. Jacquetta tried to bring charges against Warwick for the murder of her husband and her son, but they failed. Jacquetta would die on May 30, 1472. Biography: Anne Neville (Born June 11, 1456- Died March 16, 1485). Daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick and Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick. Married to Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales and King Richard III. Mother of Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales. Anne Neville was the daughter of “the Kingmaker”. She was part of the powerful Neville family and she was married to two very important people in the houses of Lancaster and York respectfully. She played a critical role in the Wars of the Roses. Anne Neville was born at Warwick Castle on June 11, 1456 to Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick and Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick. Her father’s aunt was Cecily Neville, the wife of Richard Duke of York and the mother of Edward IV, George Duke of Clarence and Richard Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III). Richard Neville did not have any sons so he made sure that his daughters were educated very well so that they could make advantageous marriages. Anne and her older sister Isabel spent most of their childhood at Middleham Castle, where they met their future husbands, George Duke of Clarence and Richard Duke of Gloucester. On December 30, 1460, Richard Duke of York was killed at the battle of Wakefield and in March 1461, Warwick helped Edward IV become king. It is possible that during this time that the idea of Richard marrying Anne and George marrying Isabel was being considered. Warwick and Edward IV were close, or that’s what Warwick thought. After Edward IV became king, Warwick worked on making an alliance with France by marrying Edward IV to Bona of Savoy. That was the plan, but Edward IV had other ideas. In 1464, Edward married Elizabeth Woodville, which made Warwick rather upset. Warwick decided to marry his daughter Isabel to George Duke of Clarence and Warwick tried to put George on the throne instead of Edward, which angered Edward IV and Parliament. Warwick took his family and his son-in-law George to France where Warwick reconciled with Margaret of Anjou. In order to cement their new alliance in order to get Henry VI back on the throne, Warwick had Anne marry Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, on December 13, 1470, making Anne Neville Princess of Wales. Their marriage would not last long. In 1470, Warwick was able to restore Henry VI to the throne, but Edward IV would come back with a vengeance in 1471. On April 14, 1471 at the Battle of Barnet, Warwick was killed. A few weeks later, on May 4, 1471 at the battle of Tewkesbury, Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, was killed, leaving Anne a widow and Edward IV securely on the throne. Anne was taken prisoner first to Coventry and then to the house of her brother-in-law the Duke of Clarence in London, while her mother Anne Beauchamp, sought sanctuary in Beaulieu Abbey. Anne Neville was now a very powerful widow and there were again talks about her marrying Richard Duke of Gloucester. This made George Duke of Clarence nervous since he didn’t want to share the Warwick inheritance with his brother. George treated Anne like she was his ward and opposed her getting married. The story goes that George made Anne dress as a maid and hid her in a London shop, but Richard found her and escorted her to sanctuary at the Church of St Martin’s le Grand. In order to secure his marriage with Anne, Richard denounced all of the Warwick lands as well as the earldom of Warwick and Salisbury and the office of Great Chamberlain of England to George. Anne and Richard were married probably in the spring of 1472 and Anne was made Duchess of Gloucester. The couple’s only son Edward of Middleham was born in 1473, the year Anne’s mother joined their household. In 1478, Anne Neville gained the Lordship of Glamorgan, which was initially her sister’s but it went to Isabel’s husband George. When George was executed for treason, the title was passed onto Anne, but since Anne was a woman, she could not inherit the title so her husband Richard became Lord of Glamorgan. On April 9. 1483, Edward IV died and his eldest son became King Edward V. Richard became Edward V’s Lord Protector, but on June 25, 1483, Edward V and his siblings were declared illegitimate, making Richard the next king. King Richard III. Anne was crowned Queen of England in a joint coronation with Richard on July 6, 1483; Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and mother of Henry Tudor, would carry Anne’s train at her coronation. Edward of Middleham was created Prince of Wales on September 8, 1483. Things seemed to be going well for Anne and her family, but their happiness would not last long. Edward of Middleham would die in April 1484 in Sheriff Hutton. His death hit Anne and Richard extremely hard; Anne would fall gravely ill from the grief. Anne Neville effectively adopted Edward, Earl of Warwick, her and Richard III ‘s mutual nephew. Richard III made the boy his heir presumptive to comply with Anne’s wishes. On March 16, 1485, Anne Neville died of possibly tuberculosis. Richard is said to have cried at Anne’s funeral and he would die a few months later at the Battle of Bosworth Field on August 22, 1485. Biography: Richard Neville,16th Earl of Warwick Also known as “the Kingmaker”. (Born November 22, 1428- Died April 14, 1471). Son of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury and Alice Montacute, 5th Countess of Salisbury. Married to Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick. Father of Isabel, Duchess of Clarence and Anne, Queen of England. Warwick “the Kingmaker” was the man who helped put Edward IV on the throne, but it was his greed for power and a broken alliance with Edward IV that would lead to his downfall. Richard Neville was born on November 22, 1428 to Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury and Alice Montacute, 5th Countess of Salisbury. His father had gained his title of Earl of Salisbury through his marriage to Alice Montacute. We don’t know much about Richard’s childhood except that he was betrothed to Anne Beauchamp at the age of six. She was the daughter of daughter of Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, and of his wife Isabel Despenser, making Richard not only the heir to the earldom of Salisbury, but heir to a large part of the Montague, Beauchamp, and Despenser inheritance. With the death of Beauchamp’s son Henry, who was married to Richard’s sister Cecily in 1446 and the death of Henry’s daughter Anne in 1449, Richard found himself the new Earl of Warwick. This was disputed by Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, who married another one of Beauchamp’s daughters from Beauchamp’s first marriage, not because of the titles since the daughters were barred from the line of succession, but because of the land. Richard Neville was now the 16th Earl of Warwick. Warwick became a knight probably at the coronation of Margaret of Anjou on April 22, 1445. He and his father helped to calm the unrest in the north. They may have helped in the war against Scotland in 1448-1449. When Richard, Duke of York, rose against the king in 1452, Warwick and his father sided with Henry VI and York’s revolt ultimately failed. In June 1453, Somerset was granted custody of the lordship of Glamorgan, which was part of the Despenser inheritance. This made Warwick upset and a conflict started between the two men. Unfortunately, Somerset was an ally of Margaret of Anjou and was a favorite in the court of Henry VI so Warwick had no choice but to align himself with York. When York became the Lord Protector when Henry VI fell ill, Warwick and his father decided to fully support York. York’s first protectorate would not last long and Somerset fell back into favor, which angered York and Warwick. Warwick rallied an army with York and Warwick’s father and met Somerset at the First Battle of St. Albans, where Somerset was killed. This battle was the start of the Wars of the Roses. After the First Battle of St. Albans, Henry VI fell ill again and York became Lord Protector for a second time. It didn’t last long, but after York was removed from his position of Protector, Warwick was granted the title of Constable of Calais, which would become a valuable position during the conflict of the Wars of the Roses. He was able to gain military experience, as well as gain important allies Charles VII of France and Philip the Good of Burgundy. In September 1459, Warwick was able to help lead a Yorkist army to victory against the Lancastrians at the Battle of Blore Heath. In 1459, at the battle of Ludlow, the Lancastrians won and sent the Yorkists into hiding. York fled to Ireland with his son Edmund Earl of Rutland, while Warwick took Edward Earl of March with him to Calais. The Yorkists came back with a vengeance at the battle of Northampton, where Henry VI was taken captive. In 1460 York officially declared his claim to the throne. After much discussion, it was agreed that after the king died, York and his sons would be the heirs to the throne, removing Edward of Westminster from the line of succession. Henry VI seemed to have been okay with this arrangement, but Margaret was beyond upset. She led the Lancastrian forces to face off against York at the battle of Wakefield on December 30, 1460. York and his son Edmund, Earl of Rutland, were killed in the battle. Edward was 18 at the time of his father’s death. Edward was now in charge of the Yorkist faction and with the help of Warwick, he was able to defeat the Lancastrian army at both the battle of Mortimer’s Cross and the Second Battle of St. Albans in February 1461. On March 4, 1461, Edward declared himself king of England, a move that his father never attempted to make. Three weeks later at the Battle of Towton on March 29, 1461, the bloodiest battle on English soil, Edward and Warwick were able to decisively beat Henry VI’s forces and secure Edward’s claim to the throne. Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou fled to Scotland to seek the aid of James III. Edward was declared Edward IV and was welcomed to the throne. Edward owed a lot to his cousin Warwick, also known from that point on as “the Kingmaker”, and he rewarded him greatly. He was made the Chamberlain of England , High Admiral of England and Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster, along with several other offices. Warwick was considered the second most powerful man in England. Warwick’s brothers also benefited: John Neville, Lord Montagu, was made Warden of the East March in 1463, and the next year created Earl of Northumberland. George Neville, Bishop of Exeter, was confirmed in his post as chancellor by King Edward, and in 1465 was promoted to the archbishopric of York. In the summer of 1462, Warwick was able to negotiate a truce with both Scotland and France, which allowed Warwick to be granted Lancastrian properties. Warwick and Edward were considered close. However that would change very quickly. Warwick knew that Edward would have to marry well and so under his own initiative, he set to secure an alliance with the French King Louis XI by marrying Edward IV to the French king’s daughter Bona of Savoy. Edward wasn’t really thrilled about an alliance with France; he had actually prefered an alliance with Burgundy. Edward decided to take the issue of his marriage into his own hands. In May 1464, he secretly married Elizabeth Woodville, the daughter of the 1st Lord of Rivers and Jacquetta Rivers, and the widow of Sir John Grey. They were able to keep the marriage a secret for over four months and when it was announced, there was an uproar. Her family was always supporters of the Lancastrian cause and there was a rumor, that we cannot confirm or deny as of right now, that Edward entered into a similar marriage contract with Lady Eleanor Butler a year or two before he married Elizabeth. Warwick was obviously the most upset about this marriage because he had spent so much time setting up an alliance with France to be thwarted. With the rise of the Woodvilles, Warwick feared that they would overthrow his title of the second most powerful man in England. Edward thwarted Warwick’s plans to marry his family with the king’s and the final straw for Warwick was when Edward married his sister Margaret to Charles duke of Burgundy, cementing an alliance between England and Burgundy, which was not what Warwick wanted. Warwick realized that the gap between him and Edward was too large. Warwick decided to side with Edward’s power hungry younger brother George Duke of Clarence, and Louis XI of France, who promised Warwick land in France if he overthrew Edward. Warwick’s plan was to depose Edward and place George on the throne. In July 1469, Warwick successfully married George to his daughter Isabel, which was something that Edward did not approve of. Warwick then started a series of uprisings in northern England; Edward was a popular king but his marriage with Elizabeth Woodville sullied his image a little while Warwick was seen as a national hero. Edward did employ an army, but when he saw that he was outnumbered, he dispersed his army and allowed himself to be captured by Warwick. Warwick had Edward imprisoned in the Tower, but when his reputation began to suffer, he released Edward in October 1469. Warwick and George both decided to reconciled with Edward but Edward never truly trusted either of them ever again. Warwick knew that if he was going to restore his power, he had to discuss matters with Louis XI and Margaret of Anjou, which meant that he had to defect to the Lancastrian cause, which he did. In September 1470, Warwick and his rebellion made its way to England. John Neville switched sides, which left Edward unprepared and it forced him to leave England on October 2 and seek aid from his brother in law the duke of Burgundy. Warwick removed Henry VI from the Tower and restored him to the throne. Warwick made a mistake and decided to take Louis XI’s advice and declare war on Burgundy. This forced the duke of Burgundy, who had stayed on the sidelines this entire time, to help Edward IV raise an army. Edward returned to England on March 11, 1471. His army defeated Warwick’s army at the Battle of Barnet, where Warwick and John Neville were killed. Biography: King Edward IV (Born April 28, 1442- Died April 9, 1483). Son of Richard, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville. Married to Elizabeth Woodville. Father of Elizabeth of York, Mary of York, Cecily of York, Edward V of England, Margaret of York, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, Anne of York, George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Bedford, Catherine of York, and Bridget of York. Edward IV was the first king from the house of York, but he was still a Plantagenet. He helped bring the country together, especially financially, but his one flaw was his private life, where he was unwise and naive. Edward IV was born on April 28, 1442 to Richard, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville, and was given the title of the Earl of March. Richard Duke of York, Edward’s father, was the Lord Protector when Henry VI had his bouts of mental illness, but once the king got well, York was removed from the position and his reforms were reversed. One of his biggest rivals was Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset. In 1455, York had enough of Somerset and marched against him at the First Battle of St. Albans, where Somerset was killed. It was then that Margaret of Anjou took up her husband’s cause. She encouraged the new duke of Somerset Henry Beaufort to fight against York. The battlelines were being drawn. The Yorkists were led by Richard duke of York, Richard Neville earl of Salisbury and his son Richard Neville earl of Warwick. The Lancastrians were under Henry VI, but led by Margaret of Anjou, Somerset, and Henry Percy, third earl of Northumberland. In 1459, at the battle of Ludlow, the Lancastrians won and sent the Yorkists into hiding; however the Yorkists came back with a vengeance at the battle of Northampton. Edward was now in charge of the Yorkist faction and with the help of Richard Neville, the earl of Warwick, he was able to defeat the Lancastrian army at both the battle of Mortimer’s Cross and the Second Battle of St. Albans in February 1461. On March 4, 1461, Edward declared himself king of England, a move that his father never attempted to make. Three weeks later at the Battle of Towton on March 29, 1461, the bloodiest battle on English soil, Edward was able to decisively beat Henry VI’s forces and secure his claim to the throne. Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou fled to Scotland to seek the aid of James III. Edward was declared Edward IV. He was welcomed to the throne. His focus was to rule wisely and gain the support of the nobles by limiting the policy of court favorites and placed the control of Crown lands under court officials. He wanted to make sure that his court was politically and financially sound. Edward owed a lot to his cousin Richard Neville, Duke of Warwick, also known as “the Kingmaker”, and he rewarded him greatly. He was made the Chamberlain of England and he was considered the second most powerful man in England. Warwick’s son John Neville was made earl of Northumberland after the battle of Hexham in May 1464, a hereditary title that belonged to the Percy family. Warwick knew that if he was going to restore his power, he had to discuss matters with Louis XI and Margaret of Anjou, which meant that he had to defect to the Lancastrian cause, which he did. In September 1470, Warwick and his rebellion made its way to England. John Neville switched sides, which left Edward unprepared and it forced him to leave England on October 2 and seek aid from his brother in law the duke of Burgundy. Warwick removed Henry VI from the Tower and restored him to the throne. Warwick made a mistake and decided to take Louis XI’s advice and declare war on Burgundy. This forced the duke of Burgundy, who had stayed on the sidelines this entire time, to help Edward IV raise an army. Edward returned to England on March 11, 1471. His army defeated Warwick’s army at the Battle of Barnet, where Warwick and John Neville were killed. On May 4, 1471, Edward faced off against the Lancastrian army at the Battle of Tewkesbury, where the Lancastrians were finally defeated and Edward of Westminster was killed. Margaret of Anjou was arrested and shortly afterward, King Henry VI died, possibly murdered under the orders of Edward IV. Edward IV’s purpose on the second part of his reign was to work on establishing strong alliances, which he did with the dukes of Brittany and Burgundy, and the king of Aragon. In July 1475, Edward decided that he was going to try to recapture the English lands in France. His brothers George and Richard supported this idea, however this ended in disaster and Edward was forced to sign a peace treaty with Louis. George viewed this as a horrible defeat and so he plotted to remove his brother from the throne yet again. This was the last straw for Edward and he had George arrested and tried for treason. George was found guilty and was executed in February 1478; if the story about his execution is correct, he drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine. Edward was a great supporter of the arts and was the primary patron of printing. He encouraged William Caxton to pursue his goal of printing the first book in England in November 1477. Edward also financed major building jobs at Windsor Castle and Eltham Palace in Kent. Towards the end of his life, Edward fell ill, and on April 9, 1483, he died from either pneumonia or typhoid. He was just 40 years old and he left the throne to his son Edward V. Biography: Margaret of Anjou (Born March 23, 1430- Died August 25, 1482). Daughter of Rene, King of Naples and Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine. Married to King Henry VI of England. Mother of Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales. Margaret of Anjou was the strong wife of the weak King Henry VI. She is the one who kept the Lancastrian cause going for the first half of the Wars of the Roses. Margaret of Anjou was born on March 23, 1430 to her parents Rene King of Naples and Isabella Duchess of Lorraine. Her father was known to be a king with many crowns and yet he did not have the kingdoms. In order to help bring about the end of the Hundred Years’ War, her father arranged her marriage to the son of Henry V, Henry VI. The couple was married on April 23, 1445. Henry VI was technically also declared the King of France and because of this, Charles VII of France only agreed to this marriage if Henry gave France the areas of Maine and Anjou. Henry agreed but he kept this a secret from his people. Margaret was crowned Queen of England on May 30, 1445. Henry VI was a weak ruler who had really no desire to be king or an interest in politics. He often left the control of the government in the hands of men who really cared only about their titles than the well being of the kingdom. After the John Cade rebellion of 1450, Henry VI appointed Edmund Beaufort, the duke of Somerset, as his closest advisor. Somerset was a failure when it came to battles in France, but he was an ally of Margaret of Anjou. Somerset’s enemy was Richard Duke of York, who returned to England in August 1450, after being banished after the John Cade rebellion, and demanded that he should have a place on the Council. The council agreed, but Somerset’s and York’s rivalry continued. In August 1453, Henry VI had his first bout of mental illness. He had what some describe as a mental breakdown and was unresponsive for many months. During this time, Margaret was very pregnant and on October 13, 1453, she gave birth to the couple’s only child Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales. However, even though Edward was the king’s son, Henry VI did not acknowledge him and said that the boy was the son of the Holy Ghost. Margaret thought that the perfect Lord Protector for the king during this time would be her ally Somerset, however the person that became the Lord Protector was Richard Duke of York. York quickly arrested Somerset, but when the king recovered in 1454, Somerset was released and York was dismissed. This was the last straw for York. During this time, Margaret had retired to Greenwich with her son, but she saw how powerful York had become and how weak her husband was, and she began to take an interest in politics. At the First Battle of St. Albans, on May 22, 1455, Edmund Beaufort, duke of Somerset was killed and the king was captured by the Yorkists, led by Richard duke of York. Henry wanted to reconcile with York, but then Henry had another bout of mental illness and York was made Lord Protector again in November 1455; he was dismissed in February 1456. Margaret decided that she had to defend her husband’s cause and so she raised an army to face off against York and she encouraged Henry Beaufort, the new duke of Somerset to fight with her. The Yorkists were led by Richard duke of York, Richard Neville earl of Salisbury and his son Richard Neville earl of Warwick. The Lancastrians were under Henry VI, but led by Margaret of Anjou, Somerset, and Henry Percy, third earl of Northumberland. At the battle of Northampton, Warwick had captured the King and York came back to England. In September 1460, Richard duke of York officially placed his claim to the throne to Parliament. In order to avoid more conflict, York was declared the heir to the throne, in place of Prince Edward. Margaret was not about to let this stand so she led her army to attack York at the battle of Wakefield on December 30, 1460. The Duke, Salisbury and York’s second son, the seventeen year old Edmund, Earl of Rutland, were killed, their cries for mercy were ignored. The Queen had their heads impaled on spikes on the city walls of York. Margaret then faced against Warwick’s army at the Second Battle of St. Albans in 1461 and her army was able to defeat him, which forced Warwick to flee. Warwick was not done. He raised an army with the son of Richard duke of York, Edward earl of March. They faced off against the Lancastrians at the battle of Towton, the bloodiest battle during the Wars of the Roses, where the Lancastrians were defeated; Margaret and her son Edward fled into Scotland, Edward earl of March became Edward IV, and Henry VI was taken prisoner. However, things would quickly sour between Edward and Warwick when Edward IV married Elizabeth Woodville, not exactly the person that Warwick wanted the king to marry. Warwick was soon joined by the king’s brother George Duke of Clarence, who was Warwick’s son in law as he married Warwick’s daughter Isabel, in their rebellion against the king. Edward IV defeated Warwick and Clarence and so the two men fled to France. Meanwhile, Margaret made her way back to France where she seeked the aid of her cousin King Louis XI, also known as “the Spider”, of France. Louis XI had an idea that Margaret and Warwick should reconcile and join forces against Edward IV. This wasn’t an easy task as they hated each other, but they did agree to join forces. In order to show Warwick’s good will towards his new ally, Warwick’s daughter Anne Neville was betrothed to Edward of Westminster Prince of Wales. Warwick invaded England in 1470 in the name of King Henry VI, which forced Edward IV to flee and Henry VI was reinstated as king. Edward IV would come back and kill Warwick at the Battle of Barnet on April 14, 1471, the same day that Margaret and Edward of Westminster returned to England. Margaret wanted to return to France, but her son Edward of Westminster wanted to stay. Margaret reluctantly agreed and with her army, faced off against Edward IV one last time at Tewkesbury on May 4, 1471. Her 17 year old son Edward of Westminster was killed. This broke Margaret’s spirit and she was taken captive by William Stanley under the orders of Edward IV. She was first sent to Wallingford Castle and then she was imprisoned in the Tower of London. Her husband Henry VI was also in the Tower where he died on May 21, 1471, the cause of death is unknown but it is suspected to have been a regicide. In 1472, a broken Margaret was placed in the custody of her former lady-in-waiting Alice Chaucer, Duchess of Suffolk. She remained in the custody of the Duchess of Suffolk until she was ransomed by Louis XI in 1475 through Treaty of Picquigny. Margaret returned to France where she was hosted by Francis de Vignolles and died in his castle of Dampierre-sur-Loire. She died on August 25, 1482 at the age of 52. Biography: King Henry VI (Born December 6, 1421- Died May 21, 1471). Son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois. Married to Margaret of Anjou. He had one son Edward of Westminster. Henry VI was a weak ruler who, combined with his bouts of mental illness and no desire to rule, led England to lose its lands in France and brought England into a 30 year civil war known as the Wars of the Roses. Henry VI was the only child of Henry V and his wife Catherine of Valois. He was born on December 6, 1421 and became king of England at the tender age of nine months when his father died on August 31, 1422. Six weeks later, he became king of France after his grandfather Charles VI died, which was agreed upon with the Treaty of Troyes. A regency council was called and Henry’s uncle John, duke of Bedford, became his first regent, and was charged with taking care of the French, led by the king that the French declared, Charles VI’s son Charles VII. Both Charles VII and John duke of Bedford kept the Hundred Years’ War dragging on. The English captured Orleans in 1427, but in May 1429, a young Joan of Arc led a siege on Orleans, which the French was able to reconquer. This led to French nationalism which allowed the French to drive the English out of the Loire Valley and Charles VII was officially crowned king of France in June 1429. This made Bedford nervous so he quickly had Henry VI crowned king of England in November 1429 and crowned king of France in 1431. He was the first English king who was also the king of France, but it did not last long. With the newly founded French nationalism, the English were losing their French lands that Henry V had conquered left and right. This made Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, an ally of the English, nervous, and so he signed the Treaty of Arras with Charles VII in 1435, which recognized Charles VII as the King of France. The Hundred Years’ War would continue for another 18 years until John Talbot, the earl of Shrewsbury was defeated at Castillon in 1453. The English lost all of their French territories, except for Calais. John, duke of Bedford, was regent until his death in 1435. After Bedford died, Humphrey, duke of Gloucester became the protector, but he did not have the same control of the government that Bedford did. In 1437, Henry declared himself of age before his 16th birthday. Henry was a weak ruler who was not interested in ruling at all, so he allowed some of the least scrupulous people to control the government. One of these men was William de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, who became the king’s steward in 1435. William was a peacemaker at heart, which led to the loss of France; his opponent at court was Humphrey of Gloucester, who wanted the war with France to continue. Suffolk was able to negotiate the marriage between Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou in 1444, in exchange for Henry surrendering Maine to the French. The couple was married on April 23, 1445. This was not a popular decision and Henry’s life was threatened so Margaret, Suffolk and Henry left London. Margaret and Suffolk convinced the king that Gloucester was plotting an uprising so Henry had him arrested and confined at Bury St. Edmunds in February 1447, where he would die a week later. The people were not satisfied with this and Suffolk decided to switch from peacemaker to warmonger and invaded Brittany in 1449. This brought Normandy into the middle of the Hundred Years’ War and Brittany was conquered by the French in 1450. This was the last mistake by Suffolk, who was arrested and banished, but his ship was intercepted at Dover and Suffolk was killed. Suffolk’s allies were scapegoats for everything that was going wrong in France, which led to the revolution led by John Cade in May 1450. It was similar to the Peasants’ Revolt, however Henry VI was no Richard II and the revolt lasted for two months, until John Cade’s death. The purpose of this revolt was to purge the government, but the king did not live up to their expectations. Instead he polarized the government even further when he appointed Edmund Beaufort, the Duke of Somerset as his closest adviser. Somerset was a failure in France and he gained some notable enemies at court, especially Richard, duke of York, who was banished to Ireland in 1447 for supporting Gloucester, but returned to England and to court in August 1450, demanding his place in the Council. Somerset’s and York’s rivalry simmered for several years, until August 1453, when Henry VI had his first bout with mental illness. We are not sure what he suffered from but for weeks, he was unresponsive to everything. Some believe it was triggered by the loss of France. It affected him so much that he did not even acknowledge his only son Edward, believing that his son was born of the Holy Ghost. During this time, Richard Duke of York was made Lord Protector in 1454 and had Somerset arrested. When Henry recovered, he restored Somerset and had York dismissed. This was the last straw for York. York and Somerset met on the battlefield at St. Albans on May 22, 1455, where Somerset was killed. This should have been the end of the conflict, however it was only just the beginning. Henry was going to reconcile with York but another bout of mental illness hit Henry in November 1455 and York was made Lord Protector again; he was dismissed in February 1456. It was then that Margaret of Anjou took up her husband’s cause. She encouraged the new duke of Somerset Henry Beaufort to fight against York. The battlelines were being drawn. The Yorkists were led by Richard duke of York, Richard Neville earl of Salisbury and his son Richard Neville earl of Warwick. The Lancastrians were under Henry VI, but led by Margaret of Anjou, Somerset, and Henry Percy, third earl of Northumberland. In 1459, at the battle of Ludlow, the Lancastrians won and sent the Yorkists into hiding; however the Yorkists came back with a vengeance at the battle of Northampton. In September 1460, Richard duke of York officially placed his claim to the throne to Parliament. In order to avoid more conflict, York was declared the heir to the throne, in place of Prince Edward. Henry VI seemed to be okay with this arrangement, but Margaret was not about to let this insult stand. On December 30, 1460 at the battle of Wakefield, York was killed. Margaret continued her march to London when in 1461, she met with Warwick and defeated him at the second battle of St. Albans. Warwick fled and raised another army with York’s son Edward and marched into London on March 1461. Then, in the bloodiest battle of the Wars of the Roses, Towton, the Lancastrian forces were defeated and Edward became Edward IV. Henry and Margaret fled to Scotland to seek aid from King James III. In exchange for the aid, Henry gave the Scots Berwick. After a few years, Henry was seen as an embarrassment to the Scots and so they returned him to northern England, where he was captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London by English forces in July 1465. It looked like Henry’s days were numbered, but then on October 3, 1470, he was removed from the Tower and made king yet again. What had happened was that the earl of Warwick switched sides and fought for Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou. Warwick even had his daughter married to Henry’s son Edward to show his allegiance. However, Edward IV came back in April 1471 and killed Warwick and recaptured Henry VI. On May 4, 1471, Margaret’s forces faced off against Edward IV at the battle of Tewkesbury. It was a devastating loss for the Lancastrians as Prince Edward was killed and Margaret was imprisoned in the Tower. On May 21, 1471, King Henry VI was murdered. It is unknown who killed him, but many suspect that it was under the orders of King Edward IV. Questions About The Wars of the Roses On August 1, 2018 By hmalagisiIn Uncategorized1 Comment The Wars of the Roses, the dynastic battle between the Yorks and the Lancasters for the throne of England, last from 1455 at the 1st Battle of St. Albans until 1487 at the Battle of Stoke Field. This is one of my absolute favorite time periods to study because it not only marked the beginning of the Tudor dynasty, but it was also so complex and full of intriguing questions. I have decided to take the questions that you all sent me and answer them to the best of my ability to start off August, which I have dedicated to exploring this time period in honor of the Battle of Bosworth Field. I hope this will encourage more discussions about this series of wars that changed English history forever. 1.) How mad was King Henry VI and was his condition widely known in court, the country, and France? If Henry VI wasn’t mad would York still have rebelled? There are a lot of theories about King Henry VI and what exactly his “madness, but the leading theories are that it was either catatonic schizophrenia or a severe case of depression. Catatonic schizophrenia limits a person’s movements, which would explain why he is also known as the “sleeping king”. Compared to normal people, Henry VI would seem rather mad, but compare him to say someone like Charles VI of France, the father of Katherine of Valois who believed that he was made out of glass and couldn’t remember his wife and children, Henry VI’s madness doesn’t seem that bad. Margaret of Anjou and others close to the king kept his secret very close so at the beginning, his madness was only known in the court. As the Wars of the Roses progressed and seditious propaganda was made against Henry VI, I think the common people would have learned about his madness. As for the country of France, I am not sure if they knew about Henry VI’s madness because they do offer Margaret of Anjou aid to restore him back to the throne. I believe that York would still have rebelled because it wasn’t just Henry’s madness that made him a less than average ruler. Henry was a pious, religious man who didn’t really like fighting. He didn’t have the courage that was needed in order to be a medieval ruler of England. I believe that York knew this and decided to act. At first, he might have only been fighting his enemies in court, but I think he believed that his bloodline had a better claim to the throne and he wanted to make England better, so he rebelled against Henry VI. It wasn’t because he was mad, but because he was a weak ruler, that York rebelled. 2.) Why did Lord Stanley, who was a staunch supporter of Richard III, switch sides and support Henry Tudor during the Battle of Bosworth Field? He would not have benefitted from supporting Henry anymore than he had Richard and all of his wife’s estates were declared forfeit to himself. So couldn’t have been for financial gain? This was the biggest switch during the Wars of the Roses, and ultimately it is what established the victory for Henry Tudor. Richard believed that he had Lord Stanley on his side, but the morning of the battle, Lord Stanley faked being sick to avoid fighting. Lord Stanley and his son Lord Strange sat on the sidelines during the battle. Then, when all hope seemed lost for Henry Tudor, Lord Stanley and Lord Strange come to the rescue. Lord Stanley broke his own oath Sans Changer (Without Changing)to help a young man, who was virtually unknown, become King of England and helped create the Tudor Dynasty. So the question is why did he do it. Why did Lord Stanley switch sides? I believe he might have switched because he saw how much his wife Margaret Beaufort believed in her son’s cause. Think about it. She risked everything to make sure he was safe. Even when she had lost everything, Margaret was still funding his rebellion. Even though Lord Stanley saw favor from Richard III, it must have been disheartening for him to see Richard III’s closest allies being either killed or exiled. I think this must have freaked Lord Stanley out. He wanted to make sure that he would have survived so he took a risk and bet on the young man Henry Tudor. 3.) Do you think Edward IV regretted marrying Elizabeth Woodville instead of going with a foreign bride which could have given him an alliance and back up during the war? I don’t think Edward IV ever regretted marrying Elizabeth Woodville. I believe he loved her very dearly. In the Historie of the Arrivall of Edward IV. in England and the Finall Recouerye of His Kingdomes from Henry VI (which is a very interesting read that I recommend if you want to study the Wars of the Roses), there is a moment where Edward IV returns to his throne in 1471 and sees his family again after being in exiled. He is described as having tears in his eyes as he embraces his wife and children. I believe that this passage, whether it was embellished a bit or not, shows Edward IV never regretted marrying Elizabeth Woodville. Sure a foreign bride may have established an alliance and back up during the war, but Edward was popular with the English people, even if his wife wasn’t popular with the people. Even with his numerous affairs, Edward IV’s true love was Elizabeth Woodville. 4.) Had Elizabeth (Woodville)Grey not gone into sanctuary before Richard III’s coronation, would she have survived his purge of her family members? I really don’t think that Elizabeth (Woodville) Grey was in danger of being killed. Sure Richard III disliked the Woodvilles, but I don’t think he would have killed a woman, even if she was indeed the cause of his hatred towards one family. Richard III may have slandered his mother’s name, but I don’t think he would have murderous intentions towards women. I believe that she would have survived the purge of her family members. 5.) What was the nature of the relationship between Elizabeth of York and Richard III? Was it more than uncle and niece? Elizabeth of York was the eldest daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. She was the niece of Richard III and there are some who say that he was planning on taking her as his wife after Anne Neville died. I believe that Richard III and Elizabeth of York had a normal uncle and niece relationship. We must remember that the Wars of the Roses was not only a series of wars that were fought on the battlefield, but also through propaganda. What better way to defame Richard III a bit further than claim that he had a relationship with his niece? There is no evidence that they had a relationship other than that of an uncle and niece. 6.) Was Edward IV a usurper? A usurper is anyone who takes a position of power through force or illegal means. By this definition, Edward IV was indeed a usurper. He won his crown first at the battle of Towton on March 29, 1461, and then again at the battle of Tewkesbury in 1471. He took the crown of England twice. However, just because Edward IV was a usurper does not mean that he was a bad ruler. Henry VII was also a usurper and he was able to establish the Tudor dynasty, thus ending the Wars of the Roses and brought back a time of peace and prosperity to England. Edward IV did something similar while he reigned from 1471 until his untimely death in 1483. England had a strong and stable ruler, the opposite of what Henry VI was, with Edward IV even though he was a usurper. Book Review: “Queens of the Crusades: England’s Medieval Queens Book Two” by Alison Weir Book Review: “Katheryn Howard: The Scandalous Queen” by Alison Weir Book Review: “Medical Downfall of the Tudors: Sex, Reproduction and Succession” by Sylvia Barbara Soberton Book Review: “Falling Pomegranate Seeds: All Manner of Things” by Wendy J. Dunn Book Review: “The Rise and Fall of a Medieval Family: The Despensers” by Kathryn Warner	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2882
__label__wiki	0.532721	0.532721	Joan of What?, Nations (Joan of What?), Austria (Joan of What?) Austria (Joan of What?) Anthem: Land der Berge, Land am Strome (German) "Land of Mountains, Land by the River" (and largest city) Vienna Ethnic groups (2012) 81.1% Austrians 6.3% Yugoslav 2.7% Germans 2.2% Turks 11.5% Others Federal parliamentary constitutional republic - President Alexander van der Bellen - Chancellor Christian Kern - Upper house Federal Council - Lower house National Council - Margraviate of Austria 976 - Duchy of Austria 1156 - Archduchy of Austria 1453 - Austrian Empire 1804 - World War I 1868–71 - Dissolution 1 June 1871 - Constitution 8 December 1871 - Total 83,879 km2 32,386 sq mi - Water (%) 1.9% - 2016 estimate 8,725,931 - Density 101.4/km2 262.6/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2016 estimate - Total § 415.936 billion - Per capita § 47,856 GDP (nominal) 2016 estimate Gini (2014) ▲ 27.6 HDI (2014) ▲ 0.885 Euro (€) (EUR) - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2) Drives on the Austria (German: Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.7 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary to the east, Yugoslavia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,879 km2 (32,386 sq mi). The terrain is highly mountainous, lying within the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 m (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 m (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speaks local Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and Austrian German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Hungarian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slovene. The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty, when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire. From the time of the Reformation, many northern German princes, resenting the authority of the Emperor, used Protestantism as a flag of rebellion. The Thirty Years War, the influence of the Kingdom of Sweden and United Kingdom, the rise of the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Napoleonic invasions all weakened the power of the Emperor in the north of Germany, but in the south, and in non-German areas of the Empire, the Emperor and Catholicism maintained control. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria retained its position as one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. Following Napoleon's defeat, Prussia emerged as Austria's chief competitor for rule of a greater Germany. Austria's defeat by Prussia at the Battle of Königgrätz, during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, cleared the way for Prussia to assert control over the rest of Germany. When war broke out between France and Prussia, Austria joined on the side of France in a last, desperate attempt to gain control over Germany. This resulted in World War I, and the Triple Entente was defeated by Prussia and her allies. This second war stimulated ethnic nationalism, and fractured and eventually destroyed the Empire, which was formally dissolved mere weeks after the signing of the Treaty of Frankfurt. The Habsburgs were expelled from Austria; while they were ultimately restored to the throne of Hungary, they were not permitted to set foot on Austrian soil until 1961, when they formally renounced all claims to the Austrian throne. In response to the threat posed by Fascist Britain in World War III, Austria went to war alongside Germany and the Allied Powers in 1938. As one of the victors of the war, Austria went on to become a founding member of the United Nations. Today, Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy comprising nine federal states. The capital and largest city, with a population exceeding 1.7 million, is Vienna. Austria is one of the richest countries in the world, with a nominal per capital GDP of § 47,856. The country has developed a high standard of living and in 2014 was ranked very highly in the Human Development Index. Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1946, joined the European Union in 1995, and is a founder of the OECD. Austria also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995, and adopted the Euro currency in 1999. Joan of What? 15th century • 16th century • 17th century • 18th century • 19th century • 20th century • 21st century Nations • Alliances • United Nations • Wars Olympics • Sports by nation (Cygnia) Main Category • Proposals • Talk page • Templates Retrieved from "https://althistory.fandom.com/wiki/Austria_(Joan_of_What%3F)?oldid=1625285" Nations (Joan of What?)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2885
__label__cc	0.57014	0.42986	Home Fantasy The Greatest Fantasy Novels of All Time Part 1 The Greatest Fantasy Novels of All Time Part 1 R.K. Troughton What makes a fantasy novel great? Ask ten people and they will each give you a different answer. Greatness is in the mind of the reader. Rather than rely on personal opinion for greatness, I will attempt to create a list of the greatest fantasy novels of all time using objective selection criteria. As with our list of the greatest science fiction novels of all time, we will begin with the awards a novel has received. After all, if the “experts” recognize the novel by selecting it for an award, then it truly must be great. Yes, awards are handed out subjectively, but a broad sampling of awards and audiences can provide an objective metric. The second portion of a novel’s greatness will be its commercial success. Of course, commercial success is frequently achieved by very badly written novels, but a novel’s success can add to the case for a novel’s greatness. It cannot however be used as the sole criteria. Great novels serve as sources of inspiration and imitation. We will explore the influences a novel has on society as well as the cultural impact of each novel. Our list of fantasy novels will vary somewhat from the list of science fiction novels. Science fiction novels are more frequently standalone works. Some in our list belong to a series, but each can stand on its own merits. Fantasy novels are a bit more complicated. Many of the greatest fantasy novels of all time are part of a series, but they differ from the science fiction novels in that they must be taken as a set. In these cases, we will refer to the series and highlight the novel which stands out amidst the series. While some authors might argue that their seven novels are really only one novel, we will attempt to focus in on the single best installment of the series. Some ongoing novels will not be considered since they are not complete. A complete story requires a beginning, middle, and end. A few modern fantasy novels have one beginning to go along with many volumes of middle, but no end. Now that we’ve discussed the foundation, let’s get on to the first entry in our list of the greatest fantasy novels of all time. Title: The Lord of the Rings Author: J. R. R. Tolkien First Year Published: 1954 International Fantasy Award for Best Novel 1957 Prometheus Hall of Fame Award 2009 The starting point when discussing the greatest fantasy novels of all time must start with the benchmark. The novel that all other fantasy novels are compared to is The Lord of the Rings. Furthermore, J.R.R. Tolkien is the benchmark for fantasy authors. Some might argue that The Lord of the Rings is antiquated and filled with flaws and bad writing. Maybe they are right, but it does not prevent The Lord of the Rings from being great. When novelists are promoted, they are called the next Tolkien. When a new fantasy series hits the bookstore, it is hyped as the modern-day Lord of the Rings. The Lord of the Rings is the benchmark to which all others are compared. It has been in print for seven decades and still no other fantasy novel has come close to knocking it from the summit. The Lord of the Rings was published as three novels even though Tolkien originally wrote it as one long novel. The single volume did not make economic sense at the time for the publisher. The three parts of the novel are The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. Each of the three parts are divided into two sections. The Lord of the Rings has sold over 150 million copies, making it one of the best-selling novels of all time. Readers in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia have voted it their nations’ favorite book. The cultural impact of The Lord of the Rings extends into Hollywood, where the most recent films based on the novel generated billions of dollars in revenue. Tolkien’s masterpiece has reached into every corner of the world. People on every continent know the tale of Frodo and The One Ring. Besides the awards the novel has received, the film adaptation has received 247 awards and 453 nominations. The list of awards includes 17 Oscars, 3 Hugos, 3 Locus Awards, and 3 Nebulas. The Lord of the Rings has inspired countless board games, video games, card games, role-playing games, fan fiction, art, and authors. The impact the trilogy has had on society cannot truly be measured. It is easily the most recognizable fantasy novel of the last hundred years. J. R. R. Tolkien is a grandmaster who created a world filled with wonder and mystery. The depth of his world allows it to breathe with life while enthralling millions of fans. If you have never read The Lord of the Rings, it is time to put it on your list. Whether you are a fan of the novel or not, there is no denying that The Lord of the Rings is one of the greatest fantasy novels of all time. Greatest Fantasy Novels of all time The Fellowship of the Ring The Return of the King Previous articleWalking Helps Me Think and Imagine Next articleAMAZING AMAZING STORIES: Support for Fandom: Windycon http://www.goodreads.com/RKTroughton R.K. Troughton works as an engineer, developing tomorrow’s high-tech gadgets that protect you from the forces of evil as well as assist your doctor in piecing you back together. His passion for science fiction and fantasy has been fed through decades of consumption. He is the author of numerous science fiction and fantasy screenplays and short stories, and his debut novel is forthcoming. His articles appear every Wednesday morning on Amazing Stories. Reseña de revista: Relatos Increíbles n.20 Anime roundup 1/14/2021: Something Appealing, Something Appalling	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2887
__label__cc	0.645467	0.354533	ADR - American Disability Rights, Inc., Americans with Disabilities Act Title III, Americans with Disability Act, Cases, Civil Rights, End Disability Discrimination, Medical Assistance Animals, News, Reasonable Accommodation, Service Dogs (SD), Travel From the United States Department of Justice: The Justice Department reached an agreement under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) with the Deerfield Inn & Suites (Deerfield) in Gadsden, Alabama and the Landmark Hotel Group (Landmark) in Virginia Beach, Virginia to resolve complaints under title III of the ADA. The Department’s investigations found that Deerfield and Landmark discriminated against veterans with PTSD when they refused to honor reservations for hotel rooms because the veterans were accompanied by their service dogs. The settlement agreements require Deerfield and Landmark to adopt and implement service dog policies; provide training on the service dog policy to employees and managers; and post the service dog policy at the Deerfield and all of Landmark’s hotels, on their websites, and in their advertising. The hotels will also pay money damages to both veterans. Deerfield and Landmark each cooperated with the Department throughout the investigation. People interested in finding out more about the ADA or this agreement can call the toll-free ADA Information Line at 800-514-0301 or 800-514-0383 (TDD), or access the ADA website at http://www.ada.gov. SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT BETWEEN JON GRAVES, D/B/A DEERFIELD INN AND SUITES D.J. No. 202-1-106 The parties to this Settlement Agreement are the United States of America and Jon Graves, 1267 W. Main Street, Parsons, TN 38363 (Graves). The United States Department of Justice (the Department) is responsible for enforcing title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12181-12189, and the relevant regulation implementing title III, 28 C.F.R. pt. 36. Title III of the ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation. 42 U.S.C. § 12182(a); 28 C.F.R. 36.201(a). Jon Graves owns the Deerfield Inn & Suites, located at 2580 Highway 77, Gadsden, Alabama 35907 (Hotel). The Hotel is open to the public and is a place of public accommodation within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 12181(7)(A) and 28 C.F.R. § 36.104. This matter was initiated by a complaint filed under title III of the ADA with the Department. The complainant is a veteran with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), severe anxiety, and depression and uses a service animal. The complainant is an individual with disabilities, within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 12102 and 28 C.F.R. § 36.105. Prior to her arrival at the Hotel, the complainant made a reservation to stay at the Hotel on October 13, 2018. On October 13, 2018, after driving until 4:00 a.m., the complainant attempted to check into the Hotel. When the complainant informed the clerk that she had a service dog, the desk clerk informed her that the Hotel had a “no pets” rule. The complainant attempted to explain that a service dog is not a pet but the desk clerk pointed to the “no pets” sign in the hotel window. The desk clerk refused the complainant’s request to speak with the manager, but said she would not charge her for the room despite the fact that the reservation was “non-refundable.” Due to the late hour and a major sporting event in the area, the complainant was unable to find an available room at another hotel. Ultimately, the complainant left, drove to the parking lot of a church, and slept in her car. Because of the denial of access to the Hotel, the complainant felt humiliated and experienced emotional distress. The parties wish to amicably resolve this matter without litigation. The United States believes that resolution of this matter through this Agreement is in the public interest. In consideration of, and consistent with, the terms of this Agreement, the United States agrees to refrain from undertaking further investigation or filing a civil suit under title III in this matter, except as provided in the Implementation section of this Agreement. Consistent with title III of the ADA, Graves shall ensure that the Hotel does not discriminate against any individual on the basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the services it provides by excluding or providing unequal treatment to persons with disabilities, including those who use service animals. 42 U.S.C § 12182; 28 C.F.R. §§ 36.201, 36.202. Specifically, the Hotel shall modify policies, practices, or procedures to permit the use of a service animal by an individual with a disability. 42 U.S.C. §12182(b)(2)(A); 28 C.F.R. §§ 36.302(a), (c). Service Animal Policy: the Hotel agrees that persons with disabilities, including those accompanied by service animals, will be welcome and that the Hotel will adopt and abide by the Service Animal Policy (Attachment A) attached to this Agreement. The Hotel shall not refuse to admit a person with a disability because that person uses a service animal nor shall it request documentation concerning the service animal. It also shall not charge a person with a disability any extra fee or ask a person with a disability to comply with any additional condition of service because they use a service animal. Publication of Policy: The Hotel agrees to prominently post the Service Animal Policy in its lobby. The Hotel will also post a statement in all future advertising, including in its listings on third-party booking websites, that the Hotel complies with the ADA and welcomes service dogs. The Hotel shall provide a copy of the notice to the United States within ten (10) days of posting. Training: Graves and the Hotel management and staff shall undergo training regarding the ADA requirements to accommodate individuals with disabilities who use service animals, including a review of the Department’s technical assistance document, Frequently Asked Questions About Service Animals and the ADA, available at: https://www.ada.gov/regs2010/service_animal_qa.html. The Hotel shall arrange for and ensure that appropriate training on the ADA and service animals is conducted within ninety (90) days of the effective date of this Agreement. Thereafter, all new employees will be trained on the requirements of the ADA within thirty (30) days of their hire date. The Hotel will notify the Department when it has completed this training. Monitoring: During the term of this Agreement, the Hotel shall maintain a log of all overnight guests accompanied by a service dog. At a minimum, the log will include the name and contact information of the person making the request, the date of the request, and the Hotel’s disposition of the request. Copies of the log will be delivered to the Department on the three, six, nine and a final report on the 12-month anniversary of the effective date of the Agreement as defined in paragraph 24, below. The Hotel shall not retaliate against or otherwise coerce any individual with a disability who uses a service dog for filing a complaint with the Department or otherwise exercising rights protected by the ADA. 42 U.S.C. § 12203(a). Within ten (10) days after receiving the complainant’s signed release the Hotel shall send a check in the amount of five thousand dollars ($5,000.00) made out to the complainant. This check is compensation to the complainant pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 12188(b)(2)(B) for the effects of the discrimination and the harm she has endured, including, but not limited to, emotional distress, as a result of the Hotel’s actions. The Hotel shall provide written notification to counsel for the United States, including a copy of the check, within seven (7) days of completing the actions described in this paragraph. This Settlement Agreement cannot be modified or amended except in writing, agreed to by the Parties. The United States may review compliance with this Agreement at any time. If the United States believes that this Agreement or any portion of it has been violated, it will raise concerns with the Hotel and the parties will attempt to resolve the concerns in good faith. If the parties are unable to reach a satisfactory resolution of the issue(s) raised within thirty (30) days of the date that the United States provides notice to the Hotel, the United States may institute a civil action in the appropriate Federal District Court to enforce this Agreement or the requirements of title III. It is a violation of this Agreement for the Hotel to fail to comply in a timely manner with any of its requirements without obtaining sufficient advance written agreement with the United States for an extension of the relevant timeframe imposed by the Agreement. Failure by the United States to enforce any provision or deadline in this Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of the United States’ right to enforce any deadline or provision of this Agreement. The Agreement, including Attachment A, constitutes the entire agreement between the parties on the matters raised herein, and no other statement, promise, or agreement, either written or oral, made by either party or agents of either party, that is not contained in this written Agreement, will be enforceable under its provisions. This Agreement is limited to the facts set forth above and does not purport to remedy or resolve any other existing or potential violations of the ADA or any other local or Federal law. This Agreement does not affect the Hotel’s continuing responsibility to comply with all applicable aspects of title III of the ADA. A copy of this document or any information contained in it will be made available to any person by the Hotel on request. The effective date of this Agreement is the date of the last signature below. This Agreement will remain in effect for one (1) year from the effective date of this Agreement. The provisions of this Settlement Agreement shall be deemed severable, and any invalidity or unenforceability of any one or more of its provisions shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the other provisions herein. The person signing this Agreement for the Hotel represents that he is authorized to bind the Hotel to this Agreement. FOR JON GRAVES D/B/A DEERFIELD INN & SUITES By: /s/ Jon Graves JON GRAVES, Owner THE DEERFIELD INN & SUITES 1267 W. Main Street Parsons, TN 38363 (256) 413-1300 (telephone) Dated: 9-24-19 FOR THE UNITED STATES REBECCA B. BOND, Chief KATHLEEN P. WOLFE, Special Litigation Counsel JENNIFER K. MCDANNELL, Disability Rights Section, Civil Rights Division By: /s/ Paula N. Rubin PAULA N. RUBIN, Trial Attorney 950 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. Dated: 10-21-19 Attachment A: POLICY REGARDING INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES AND SERVICE ANIMALS The Deerfield Inn & Suites (Hotel) is committed to providing service to customers with disabilities, including those individuals with disabilities who are accompanied by a service animal, in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Service animals play an important role in ensuring the independence of people with disabilities. The Hotel welcomes guests who use service animals. “Service animal” means any dog individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability. Service animals come in all breeds and sizes. A service dog may be trained either by an organization or by an individual with a disability; it does not need to be certified or licensed as a service animal. Service animals provide a wide range of services that may or may not be identifiable, including but not limited to: assisting individuals who are blind or have low vision with navigation and other tasks; alerting individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing to the presence of people or sounds; pulling a wheelchair; assisting an individual during a seizure or alerting individuals to the presence of allergens; providing physical support and assistance with balance and stability to individuals with mobility disabilities; and helping persons with psychiatric and neurological disabilities by preventing or interrupting impulsive or destructive behaviors. Requirements with Regard to Service Animals The Hotel may ask the person who has the dog if it is required because of a disability, and what work or task(s) the dog is trained to perform. The Hotel may not ask an individual with a disability for proof of his or her disability or for any information about his or her disability, nor may the Hotel require proof or certification of the animal’s training or vaccination. Service animals do not always have a sign, symbol, or harness indicating they are service animals. Limited Exceptions The Hotel has the right to exclude a service animal from the hotel only if the animal is out of control and the animal’s handler does not take effective action to control it or the animal is not housebroken. Justice Department Settles with Public Accommodations to Protect the Rights of Veterans Who Use Service Dogs As we mark Veterans Day 2019, the Justice Department announced two settlement agreements under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to protect and advance equal access for veterans with disabilities who use service dogs. One agreement is with Deerfield Inn & Suites, in Gadsden, Alabama. The second agreement is with the Landmark Hotel Group in Virginia Beach, Virginia, which manages the Holiday Inn Express in Hampton, Virginia. These matters were investigated and resolved in furtherance of the Department’s commitment to ensuring that our veterans enjoy equal access to public accommodations, such as restaurants, hotels, and shops. The ADA generally requires public accommodations to provide access to individuals with disabilities who use service animals, including those who use service dogs for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or anxiety. Yet, in public accommodations across the country, individuals with disabilities are frequently barred from entering with a service animal. “Individuals with disabilities, including veterans who have sacrificed for our country, have a right under federal law to the equal enjoyment of the services that a public accommodation provides to the public,” said Assistant Attorney General Eric Dreiband of the Civil Rights Division. “The Civil Rights Division is committed to ensuring equal access for our veterans, and we commend these businesses – the Deerfield Inn & Suites and the Landmark Hotel Group – for acknowledging their obligations under the Americans with Disabilities Act, and agreeing to implement policies and practices to ensure equal access for individuals who use service dogs.” The Deerfield Inn & Suites agreement resolves allegations that, after driving many hours, a veteran arrived at the Deerfield Inn & Suites at 4:00 in the morning. When the desk clerk learned that the veteran was accompanied by her service dog, the desk clerk refused to honor the reservation, insisting that no dogs were permitted in the hotel. Despite numerous attempts by the veteran to explain that the dog was not a pet, but a highly trained animal required for disabilities she acquired in the service of our country, the clerk would not allow the veteran to stay at the hotel. As a result, and given the late hour, the veteran ended up sleeping in her car in the parking lot of a church. Similarly, the complaint underlying the Landmark Hotel agreement alleged that, at the Holiday Inn Express managed by the Landmark Hotel Group, the desk clerk refused to honor a reservation by a veteran because he would not provide documentation that the dog with him was a service dog. The veteran informed the clerk that it was unlawful to ask for documents to establish that a dog is a service animal, but the desk clerk informed him that such documentation was corporate policy. The veteran then requested to speak to the hotel manager, who confirmed that it was the hotel’s policy to require such documentary proof. The veteran was forced to find another hotel. Under the ADA, public accommodations generally must make modifications to their policies, practices or procedures – such as a no-pet policy – to permit the use of a service animal by a person with a disability. A service dog generally may go wherever the public is allowed to go, and a public accommodation may not require documentation about the service dog. Under these agreements, both entities will adopt and implement a service dog policy; provide training on the service dog policy to employees and managers; post the service dog policy at their facilities and in their advertising; and pay money damages to the two veterans. All entities cooperated with the Department throughout the investigations. People interested in finding out more about the ADA or this settlement agreement can call the toll-free ADA Information Line at 800-514-0301 or 800-514-0383 (TDD), or access the ADA website at http://www.ada.gov. THE LANDMARK HOTEL D.J. No. 202-79-351 The parties to this Settlement Agreement are the United States of America and the Landmark Hotel Group (“Landmark”), located at 249 Central Park Avenue, Suite 320, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23462. The United States Department of Justice (“Department”) is responsible for enforcing Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12181-12189, and the regulation implementing Title III, 28 C.F.R. pt. 36. Landmark is a hotel management company, which owns and operates the Holiday Inn Express (“Hotel”), located at 1813 West Mercury Boulevard, Hampton, Virginia 23666. The Hotel is open to the public and is a place of public accommodation within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 12181(7)(A) and 28 C.F.R. § 36.104. The complainant is a veteran with post-traumatic stress disorder (“PTSD”), who uses a service animal. The complainant is an individual with disabilities, within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 12102 and 28 C.F.R. § 36.105. On or about October 1, 2018, as the complainant attempted to check into the Hotel, the desk clerk requested to see documentation regarding the complainant’s service dog. The complainant informed the desk clerk that the ADA prohibited the Hotel from requesting such documentation. Both the Hotel desk clerk and Hotel manager insisted that service dogs were not permitted without documentation. The complainant left the Hotel and found a hotel in Newport News, Virginia, which permitted his service dog without requiring any documentation. Because of the denial of access to the Hotel, the complainant felt humiliated by Hotel staff and experienced emotional distress. Landmark admits that the Hotel did request documentation for the complainant’s service dog and did not permit the complainant to check in without such documentation. Consistent with Title III of the ADA, Landmark shall ensure that hotels it owns and operates do not discriminate against any individual on the basis of disability, including by excluding or providing unequal treatment to persons with disabilities who use service animals. 42 U.S.C § 12182; 28 C.F.R. §§ 36.201, 36.202. Landmark shall modify policies, practices, or procedures to permit the use of a service animal by an individual with a disability. 42 U.S.C. §12182(b)(2)(A); 28 C.F.R. § 36.302(a), (c). Service Animal Policy: Landmark agrees that persons with disabilities, including those accompanied by service animals, will be welcome in the hotels it owns and operates and that those hotels will adopt and abide by the Service Animal Policy (Attachment A) attached to this Agreement. No hotel owned and operated by Landmark shall refuse to admit a person with a disability because that person uses a service animal, nor shall it request documentation concerning the service animal. It also shall not charge a person with a disability any extra fee or ask a person with a disability to comply with any additional condition of service because they use a service animal. Publication of Policy: Landmark agrees to prominently post the Service Animal Policy in its hotels and on its website. Landmark will also post a statement in all future advertising for the hotels it owns and operates that Landmark complies with the ADA and welcomes service dogs. Landmark shall provide a copy of the notice to the United States within ten (10) days of posting. Training: Owners, managers, front desk, and reservations staff of hotels owned and operated by Landmark shall undergo training regarding the ADA requirements to accommodate individuals with disabilities who use service animals¸ including a review of the Department’s technical assistance document: Frequently Asked Questions About Service Animals and the ADA, available at: https://www.ada.gov/regs2010/service_animal_qa.html. Landmark shall arrange for and ensure that appropriate training on the ADA and service animals is conducted within one hundred twenty (120) days of the effective date of this Agreement. Thereafter, all new employees will be trained on the requirements of the ADA within thirty (30) days of their hire date. Landmark will notify the Department when it has completed this training. Monitoring: During the term of this Agreement, the Hotel shall maintain a log of all overnight guests accompanied by a service dog. At a minimum, the log will include the name and contact information of the person making the request, the date of the request, and the Hotel’s disposition of the request. Copies of the log will be delivered to the Department on the three and nine-month anniversary of the effective date of the Agreement as defined in paragraph 26, below. Landmark will not retaliate against or otherwise interfere with the rights of any individual for filing a complaint with the Department or otherwise exercising rights protected by the ADA. 42 U.S.C. § 12203(a). Within ten (10) days after receiving the complainant’s signed release, Landmark shall send a check in the amount of one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) made out to the complainant. This check is compensation to the complainant pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 12188(b)(2)(B) for the effects of the discrimination and the harm he has endured, including, but not limited to, emotional distress, as a result of the Hotel’s actions. Landmark shall provide written notification to counsel for the United States, including a copy of the check, within seven (7) days of completing the actions described in this paragraph. The United States may review compliance with this Agreement at any time. If the United States believes that this Agreement or any portion of it has been violated, it will raise concerns with Landmark and the parties will attempt to resolve the concerns in good faith. If the parties are unable to reach a satisfactory resolution of the issue(s) raised within thirty (30) days of the date that the United States provides notice to Landmark, the United States may institute a civil action in the appropriate federal district court to enforce this Agreement or the requirements of Title III. It is a violation of this Agreement for Landmark to fail to comply in a timely manner with any of its requirements without obtaining sufficient advance written agreement from the United States for an extension of the relevant timeframe imposed by the Agreement. This Agreement does not affect Landmark’s continuing responsibility to comply with all applicable aspects of Title III of the ADA. A copy of this document will be made available to any person by Landmark or the United States on request. The provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed severable, and any invalidity or unenforceability of one or more of its provisions shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the other provisions herein. This Agreement is binding on Landmark, including all principals, agents, executors, administrators, representatives, employees, successors in interest, beneficiaries, and assigns. In the event that Landmark seeks to sell, transfer, or assign all or part of its interest in the Hotel during the term of this Agreement, as a condition of sale, transfer, or assignment, Landmark will obtain the written agreement of the successor, buyer, transferee, or assignee to all obligations remaining under this Agreement for the remaining term of this Agreement. The person signing this Agreement for Landmark represents that he is authorized to bind the Hotel to this Agreement. FOR LANDMARK HOTEL GROUP By: /s/ Akhil Jain AKHIL JAIN, President LANDMARK HOTEL GROUP 249 Central Park Ave., Ste 320 Virginia Beach, Va. 34462 Landmark Hotel Group (“Landmark”) is committed to providing service to customers with disabilities, including those individuals with disabilities who are accompanied by a service animal, in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Service animals play an important role in ensuring the independence of people with disabilities. Hotels owned by Landmark welcome guests who use service animals. Hotels owned by Landmark may ask the person who has the dog if it is required because of a disability, and what work or task(s) the dog is trained to perform. Hotels owned by Landmark may not ask an individual with a disability for proof of his or her disability or for any information about his or her disability, nor may Hotels owned by Landmark require proof or certification of the animal’s training or vaccination. Service animals do not always have a sign, symbol, or harness indicating they are service animals. Hotels owned by Landmark have the right to exclude a service animal from the hotel only if the animal is out of control and the animal’s handler does not take effective action to control it or the animal is not housebroken. Tags: Alabama deerfield inn and suites Department of Justice depression gasden hotel jon graves landmark hotel group post-traumatic stress disorder ptsd reservations service animal severe anxiety United States Virginia virginia beach "The biggest problem is you have people that do not... His first job was training service dogs in prison. It takes more than $50,000 to breed, raise, train, match...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2888
__label__wiki	0.856828	0.856828	tags: Chad Wolf, DHS Watch, Immigration 101, Blog Who is Chad Wolf? by Andrea Flores on November 16, 2019 How did he rise to the top of DHS despite serious questions about the legality of his appointment? What was his role in Trump’s family separation policy? Chad Wolf is now the acting secretary for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), though his elevation to acting secretary is in question by Congress. He is taking over from Kevin McAleenan, who resigned in October. Wolf’s appointment as acting secretary awaited Senate confirmation but for a different job as the Acting DHS Undersecretary for Strategy, Policy and Plans. He was recently confirmed by the Senate on November 13, 2019, which the Trump administration believed allowed him to serve as the acting secretary for DHS. However, in a letter to the DHS Inspector General, the House Chairman of Homeland Security Bennie G. Thompson (D-MS) and Acting Chairwoman of Oversight and Reform Carolyn Maloney (D-NY) are questioning the legality of the appointment of Chad Wolf, as well as the appointments of Ken Cuccinelli as Acting Deputy Secretary and Wolf’s predecessor Kevin McAleenan. While the administration initially planned to appoint Ken Cuccinelli as acting secretary of DHS, they were unable to appoint him given that he had not served 90 days under the last Senate-confirmed DHS Secretary, Kirstjen Nielsen. There were doubts about Cuccinelli’s ability to be confirmed by the Senate because, according to the Washington Post, “he ran a political action committee that challenged several GOP incumbents.” Wolf had served as Nielsen’s Chief of Staff during her time as DHS Secretary and was therefore able to be appointed as Acting Director, leaving the position for DHS Undersecretary for Strategy, Policy and Plans open once again. On the day of his confirmation, Wolf announced that Cuccinelli would serve as the Acting Deputy for DHS. The “acting” role does not respect the law Trump has publicly stated that he likes ‘acting’ roles, such as Wolf’s, because “it gives [him] great, great flexibility.” While Trump has received critiques on this technique, he continues to leave roles open with no designation, which fracture the structure of DHS. Many have urged Trump to fill vacancies within DHS through the Senate confirmation process. In a letter co-written by Republican Senator Ron Johnson of Wisconsin and Democratic Senator Gary Peters of Michigan, the Senators urge Trump to stabilize DHS positions. “The widespread use of temporary leadership — individuals who, though perhaps qualified, do not serve with imprimatur of having been confirmed by the Senate — makes it more difficult for the Department to achieve its long-term strategic objectives.” History of Wolf and inhumane practices Wolf was Chief of Staff to Kirstjen Nielsen, the previous Secretary of DHS. As Nielsen’s Chief of Staff, Wolf played a direct role in the creation of the family separation policy. He has also been a source for other key, cruel Administration policies like “Remain in Mexico”. In addition, NBC reports, he developed and sent a list of 16 immigration policy “options” to then-Attorney General Sessions’ closest advisor for review. What came to be known as the Trump family separation policy as a result of the Trump “Zero Tolerance” policy was number one on the list. Under the Trump family separation policy, parents of over 5,000 children were prosecuted for misdemeanor entry and their children were taken and placed under the care of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Number four on Wolf’s immigration options list was a new policy that Wolf knew would keep minors in federal custody longer. Like the Trump family separation policy, the justification for this harm to children was a “deterrent impact,” as stated in the Wolf memo. Again, harming children to achieve a policy goal. Wolf also developed and proposed the idea to undermine the Flores settlement agreement which protects children from prolonged detention and inhumane detention conditions. Under the new regulation idea proposed by Wolf, HHS would detain children indefinitely with their parents in facilities that have not been licensed by those with expertise in child welfare, but rather allows DHS to set the standards despite maintaining a record of harm and abuse in their detention facilities. In his policy memo, Wolf also proposed the Remain in Mexico policy, which human rights experts, the media, and an internal DHS document, show has resulted in multiple human rights and legal violations for over over 50,000 asylum seekers who have been sent back to Mexico to await asylum in the United States. No accountability for Wolf’s actions As Chief of Staff to Nielsen, Wolf implemented and upheld family separation and failed to assume responsibility for his role harming immigrant families, stating: “My job was not to determine whether it was the right or wrong policy. My job at the time was to ensure that the Secretary had all the information that [Nielsen] needed.” A Puppet for Stephen Miller Wolf also had a heavy hand in ending Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for hundreds of thousands of TPS holders, both as Chief of Staff to Nielsen and at the direction of top White House adviser on immigration Stephen Miller. Administration officials have said that Miller views Wolf as someone who can reliably implement his immigration agenda.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2890
__label__wiki	0.90869	0.90869	The Invitation for the Ascension of the Heir to the Throne Announcement by the National Legislative Assembly on the Invitation for the Ascension of the Heir to the Throne Phra Bat Somdetch Phra Paramindra Maha Bhumibol Adulyadej Mahitala Dhibesra Rama Dhibodi Chakri Naribodindra Sayamindra Dhiraj Barommanath Bobitra passed away at 15.52 hours on 13 October 2016. The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand (Interim) B.E. 2557 (2014), Section 2, paragraph two, and the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2550 (2007), Section 23, paragraph one, stipulates that in the case where the Throne becomes vacant and the King has already appointed His Heir to the Throne under the Palace Law on Succession, B.E. 2467 (1924), the Council of Ministers shall notify the President of the National Assembly. The President of the National Assembly shall convoke the National Assembly for the acknowledgement thereof, and the President of the National Assembly shall invite such Heir to ascend the Throne and proclaim such Heir King. Phra Bat Somdetch Phra Paramindra Maha Bhumibol Adulyadej Mahitala Dhibesra Rama Dhibodi Chakri Naribodindra Sayamindra Dhiraj Barommanath Bobitra appointed His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn His Heir to the Throne on 28 December B.E. 2515 (1972) in accordance with the Palace Law on Succession B.E. 2467 (1924). The National Legislative Assembly, acting as the National Assembly in accordance with the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand (Interim) B.E. 2557 (2014), learned with the deepest sorrow of the passing of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej. The National Legislative Assembly convened a meeting on 29 November 2016 to acknowledge the appointment of the Heir to the Throne, and the President of the National Legislative Assembly, acting as the President of the National Assembly, formally invited His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn to ascend the Throne in accordance with the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand (Interim) B.E. 2557 (2014), Section 2, paragraph two, and the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2550 (2007), Section 23, paragraph one. I wish to announce that His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn has succeeded the Throne since 13 October 2016 onwards. Announced on 1 December B.E. 2559 (2016) (Mr. Pornpetch Wichitcholchai) President of the National Legislative Assembly Acting as the President of the National Assembly Statement by H.E. General Prayut Chan-o-cha, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand, on 1 December 2016 Dear fellow Thais, The Government wishes to announce to the Thai people in the Kingdom and abroad that Thailand now has a new King. In a ceremony held at the Amphon Satharn Villa, Dusit Palace, the President of the National Legislative Assembly, acting as the President of the National Assembly, has invited the Heir to the Throne to ascend. The historic ceremony was witnessed by the Regent pro tempore, the Prime Minister, and the President of the Supreme Court. The Heir to the Throne graciously accepted the invitation. Later, the announcement was made by the National Legislative Assembly to inform the general public. These proceedings were carried out in accordance with the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, the Palace Law on Succession, and ancient royal traditions, and out of respect for the wishes of His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, who initially stated that during the period when His Royal Highness and the people were in the deepest sorrow with the passing of His Majesty the late King, one should not yet proceed with the matter of ascension to the throne. He deemed it appropriate to allow a period of time for the people to pay their respects to the late King. Now with the holding of the royal merit-making ceremony to mark 50 days after the passing of the late King, and with more than one million people having thus far been allowed to pay their respects to the late King, royal permission has been sought to proceed in accordance with the law. In accordance with ancient royal traditions and laws, as well as international traditions that a kingdom should not be without a monarch on the throne, the commencement of the new reign is therefore effective as of 13 October 2016. Now, His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, who has been the Heir to the Throne for 44 years, since 1972, has ascended as His Majesty King Rama X of the Royal House of Chakri. He is accorded full royal prerogatives as stipulated by the Constitution. With regard to the next process for the “Royal Coronation Ceremony” to be conducted in accordance with ancient royal traditions, the process would be at His discretion. His Majesty the King has decided that the ceremony should be carried out after the end of the Royal Cremation Ceremony for His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej. The royal approach for sustainable development, or the principles that His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, Rama IX, the Royal Father, laid throughout the 70 years of His reign, will serve as a strong foundation. When this is combined with the faith and pledge of allegiance that the people of Siam have wholeheartedly expressed since 13 October 2016 and formally reaffirmed on the morning of 22 November that they would perform good deeds for the Royal Father, would remember His teachings, forever be humble subjects of the late King, and pledged to live up to His aspirations to think well, speak well, do well, be honest, uphold unity, and live modestly, the Government believes that all these good deeds will be comparable to a solid bastion on firm foundation. Importantly, with the wisdom and leadership of His Majesty the new King, everything will proceed smoothly amidst our pure perseverance. His Majesty the new King is the Heir to the Throne who was trusted by His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej and accompanied the late King to work in various areas for more than 44 years. Now, He has become Head of State and the pillar of the whole Thai nation, succeeding His Royal Father. He has followed the footsteps of His Royal Parents – His Majesty King Rama IX and Her Majesty Queen Sirikit, who have fully and completely performed Their duties. Although we all know that to be parted from the person we love and respect is suffering, although the loss and sadness are an undeniable crisis, we should turn this crisis into an opportunity and turn grief into the strength of the land. Although the late King who was the strength of the land is no longer with us physically to protect us, the strength of the land will prevail, with the power of faith and confidence in the royal aspirations and approach of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej. His Majesty the new King, the beloved son of the late King, will carry forward His leadership and legacy. May all of us unite in thought and may the might of past monarchs, such as His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, who is recognized as the “Development King”, provide protection for His Majesty the new King as the heart and soul of the Thai people and the Thai nation. And may Thailand be able to develop successfully, bringing about prosperity, peace, unity and harmony in response to the royal aspirations, under a democratic administration with the King as Head of State. Long may He reign. Announcement on the Royal Title of His Majesty the King His Majesty King Maha Vajiralongkorn Bodindradebayavarangkun has graciously given a Royal Command for the announcement to be made that: whereas the President of the National Legislative Assembly made the announcement on 1 December B.E. 2559 (2016) that as the Heir to the Throne has already been appointed by His Majesty the Late King under the Palace Law on Succession, B.E. 2467 (1924), the National Legislative Assembly has been convoked for the acknowledgement thereof and then formally invited the Heir to the Throne to ascend. It can now be officially announced that His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn has ascended as His Majesty the King. It is His Majesty the King's wish that while His Royal Title is yet to be dedicated by the people at the Royal Coronation Ceremony to be held in the future according to royal traditions, it would be appropriate to assume a temporary Royal Title for the convenience of making references to His Majesty. The temporary Royal Title shall be His Majesty King Maha Vajiralongkorn Bodindradebayavarangkun Announced on 1 December B.E. 2559 (2016), the first year of the current reign By His Majesty’s Command General Prayut Chan-o-cha (Ret.)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2892
__label__wiki	0.551993	0.551993	Autumn Gem A Documentary on Modern China's First Feminist Buy or Stream the Film Purchase the DVD Autumn Gem Textbook for the iPad Australia-China Friendship Society Screening On Friday morning, we got on an airplane from Sydney to Melbourne. The flight was a little over an hour long, and it reminded me of the trip from San Diego to the Bay Area. Upon arriving, we noticed a number of people wearing black and white striped outfits. At the time of this post’s writing, the Grand Final game for Australia Rules Football is happening right now just a mile away in the Melbourne Cricket Ground Stadium. Earlier today, we walked to the stadium and waded through the throngs of Magpie and Saints fans who are now eagerly cheering for their respective teams. If the Chargers ever made it back to the Super Bowl, would I be so enthusiastically dressed in blue and gold? You bet! The previous evening, we had a screening that was sponsored by the Australia-China Friendship Society and the Confucius Institute. The film was shown at the Carrillo Gantner Theatre in the Sidney Myer Asia Centre at the University of Melbourne. The venue had a great projector system which showed the film in glorious HD. There was also an Elmo overhead projector, which I used to demonstrate our Autumn Gem Preview application for the iPad. After the screening, a Chinese gentleman came up to me with an fascinating story. He told me that his grandfather knew Qiu Jin and present at the Datong School during her fateful last days! Following the question and answers section, the executive members from the Australia-China Friendship Society took us out to dinner at an Italian restaurant in the Little Italy section of the city. I didn’t know that there was a high Italian and Greek population in Melbourne. Greek and Italian are two of the more popular languages taught in schools here! We enjoyed speaking and dining with John, Neil, Louise, Philip, Douglas Robin, and Anthony and appreciate their assistance in organizing the screening for their members yesterday! Here are some photos from our first screening in Melbourne! Author Adam Tow Tags Australia, Australia-China Friendship Society, Melbourne University of Sydney Screening 3CR Community Radio 855 AM Interview	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2894
__label__cc	0.699148	0.300852	Critical Care Medicine. Principles of Diagnosis and Management in the Adult (Print and Online) Parrillo, J. — Dellinger, P. 1504 pags Now completely revised to bring you up to date with the latest advances in the field, Critical Care Medicine: Principles of Diagnosis and Management in the Adult, 5th Edition, delivers expert, practical guidance on virtually any clinical scenario you may encounter in the ICU. Designed for intensivists, critical care and pulmonology residents, fellows, practicing physicians, and nurse practitioners, this highly regarded text is clinically focused and easy to reference. Led by Drs. Joseph Parrillo and Phillip Dellinger, the 5th Edition introduces numerous new authors who lend a fresh perspective and contribute their expertise to that of hundreds of top authorities in the field. Includes new chapters on current applications of bedside ultrasound in the ICU, both diagnostic and procedural; mechanical assist devices; and extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Contains new administrative chapters that provide important information on performance improvement and quality, length of stay, operations, working with the Joint Commission, and more. Features new videos and images that provide visual guidance and clarify complex topics. Keeps you up to date with expanded chapters on echocardiography in the ICU and valvular heart disease, including TAVR. Includes separate chapters on mechanical ventilation of obstructive airway disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - including the many recent changes in approach to positive end expiratory pressure setting in ARDS. Covers key topics such as patient-ventilator synchrony and non-invasive ventilation for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute respiratory failure. Reflects the recent literature and guidance on amount of fluids, type of fluid, vasopressor selection, mean arterial pressure target, and decision on steroid use in septic shock. Provides questions and answers in every chapter, perfect for self-assessment and review. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. By Joseph E. Parrillo, MD, FCCM, Chairman, Heart and Vascular Hospital, Hackensack University Medical Center; Professor of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Hackensack, New Jersey and R. Phillip Dellinger, MD, MS, Professor of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University; Director, Critical Care, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2895
__label__wiki	0.840404	0.840404	You are here: Home1 / 1960s2 / Public Defender: Shirley Chisholm’s Lonely Battle Public Defender: Shirley Chisholm’s Lonely Battle February 19, 2016 /0 Comments/in 1960s African American History All American History Civil Rights Education History Opportunity President Obama Service Womens History /by Joe Shirley Chisholm in 1965. The next profile for Black History Month is about Shirley Chisholm: an American politician, educator, and author. Chisholm was the first African American woman elected to the United States Congress, serving the 12th Congressional District of New York. But perhaps her greatest accomplishment is becoming the first woman to run for the Democratic Party’s presidential nomination, as well as the first black candidate to run for President of the United States. Shirley Anita St. Hill was born on November 24, 1924 in Brooklyn, New York. She was the oldest of four daughters born to Charles St. Hill, a factory laborer from Guyana, and Ruby Seale St. Hill, a seamstress from Barbados. She spent a portion of her childhood living on her grandparents’ farm in Barbados, while her parents remained in the United States to work through the Great Depression; this is where she acquired the slight British accent that she would carry throughout her life. Of this time, Chisholm recalls the influence of her grandmother: “Granny gave me strength, dignity, and love. I learned from an early age I was somebody.” Upon returning to the United States, Chisholm entered the public school system, where she excelled with high grades. She attended Brooklyn College on a scholarship and was a member of the Delta Sigma Theta sorority. Chisholm graduated cum laude in 1946 with a B.A. in sociology, and began working as a teacher at a nursery school, eventually becoming its director. She met her husband, Conrad O. Chisholm, in the late 1940s, and the two wed in 1949 in a West Indian style wedding. Shirley returned to education three years later—this time, her own—receiving a master’s degree in early childhood education from Columbia University. She went on to serve as an educational consultant for New York City’s Division of Day Care for five years, becoming interested in politics and working with political groups such as the Bedford-Stuyvesant Political League and the League of Women Voters. During this time, she became a well-known figure on early education and child welfare. In 1964, Chisholm was elected as a Democratic member to the New York State Assembly, serving from 1965 to 1968. During her tenure, she succeeded in extending unemployment benefits to domestic workers as well as sponsoring the introduction of a SEEK (Search for Education, Elevation, and Knowledge) program, which allowed disadvantaged students to attend college with the aid of intensive remedial education. In 1968, a court-ordered reapportionment plan created a new Congressional district in her Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood. Having grown up there and having strong ties the community, Chisholm was convinced to run for Congress. She faced tough competition from a pool of three other African-American candidates, which included a civil court judge and former district leaders. However, she campaigned with her own personal style: roaming the district in a small sound truck proclaiming, “Ladies and Gentlemen … this is fighting Shirley Chisholm coming through,” then parking outside of housing projects to have direct interactions with people. She eventually won the primary, beating her closest competitor by 800 votes. In the general election, Chisholm faced the Republican-Liberal candidate James Farmer. The two were aligned on several important issues, such as housing, employment, education, and opposition to the Vietnam War; furthermore, Farmer had been an important Civil Rights figure, organizing Freedom Riders in the early ‘60s and cofounding the Congress for Racial Equality. But they differed on the issue of gender: he asserted that, “women have been in the driver’s seat” in the community for too long, and that it would be of more benefit to have a “man’s voice” representing them. Chisholm, whose motto was “unbought and unbossed,” emphasized that men had failed in their representation of the district before and that the people of Bed-Stuy had called upon her to finally bring about change. Given the district’s overwhelming liberal majority, as well as Chisholm’s effective campaigning, Chisholm was victorious in the general election, earning 67% of the vote. Chisholm did not have the easiest transition into the House. Outspoken and determined, Chisholm immediately began working towards solutions for issues she was passionate about. She lashed out against the war in Vietnam and spoke out when she was first assigned to the Committee on Agriculture, where she felt she was not directly related to her constituents. However, she made the most of this position, expanding food stamps and creating the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), which enabled low-income women, infants, and children to have access to nutritious foods. Chisholm also pushed for the same issues that had interested her when she was a community activist, sponsoring increases in federal funding to extend daycare-operating hours, and guaranteeing a minimum annual income for families. Chisholm was also a supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), a proposed constitutional amendment that would have guaranteed equal rights for women. First introduced in 1923 soon after women gained the right to vote with the 19th Amendment, came to prominence again in the 1970s with the rise of Second-wave feminism. Chisholm defended it on the House floor, saying “Discrimination against women, solely on the basis of their sex, is so widespread that is seems to many persons normal, natural and right.” After, it passed both the House and the Senate and was sent to state legislatures for approval. However, after being ratified in 30 states, conservative forces organized against the ERA, espousing the virtues of women’s traditional roles as wives and mothers and threatening female military conscription, eventually defeating its passage. The January, 1973 Ms. Magazine cover. From 1971 to 1977, she served on the Committee on Education, and later on the Committee on Organization Study and Review. During this time, she sponsored a national student lunch bill and organized her colleagues in order to override President Gerald Ford’s veto for its passage. Between 1977 and 1981, Chisholm served as Secretary of the Democratic Caucus. She also became the first black woman and second woman overall to serve on the Rules Committee in 1977. Chisholm was also a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) and Congresswomen’s Caucus. She became known as a sort of trailblazer in the house, often butting heads with the establishment to complete her agenda. Still eager to enact change at the national level, Chisholm announced her intention to run for the 1971 Democratic nomination for President and, in doing so, became the first black politician from a major party to run for president and the first female Democrat. Given her time in the House and her background, Chisholm asserted that she could represent the interests of blacks and the inner-city poor. While campaigning, she described her run thusly, “I am a candidate for the Presidency of the United States. I make that statement proudly, in the full knowledge that, as a black person and as a female person, I do not have a chance of actually gaining that office in this election year. I make that statement seriously, knowing that my candidacy itself can change the face and future of American politics — that it will be important to the needs and hopes of every one of you — even though, in the conventional sense, I will not win.” She politicked across the country, gaining increased visibility, and eventually earned 152 delegate votes, or 10 percent of the total vote, at the Democratic National Convention. Although she became quite a well-recognized national figure as a result of her run, her bid for President caused a strain within the House and the CBC. Black male politicians criticized her for betraying the interests of the CBC by developing a wider coalition, including women, welfare recipients, white liberals, and Hispanics. She also was met with resistance from other female members of the House, a few of whom endorsed her opponent. She said of the experience, “When I ran for the Congress, when I ran for president, I met more discrimination as a woman than for being black. Men are men.” In Chisholm’s office, all of her staffers were women; half of them African-American. In 1976, she faced competition in her party primary from New York City Councilman Samuel D. Wright, who argued that her absenteeism from the House of Representatives (partially due to her Presidential bid) made her a bad choice for re-election. However, she restated her position as a legislative trailblazer, and eventually won the general election, garnering 83% of the vote. From 1977-81 she was selected for party leadership, becoming the Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus. Towards the end of 1970s, many Democrats and other representatives speculated that Chisholm would not seek re-election. In 1982, she herself confirmed this theory, citing personal reasons for her decision to leave, one of which was spending time with her second husband, Arthur Hardwick, Jr. A second reason was the increased tide of conservatism sweeping over the country following the election of President Ronald Reagan. She also felt that her actions within the House were often misunderstood. Especially among the CBC, she felt that her colleagues denigrated her attempts to build larger coalitions, remarking, “We still have to engage in compromise, the highest of all arts. Blacks can’t do things on their own, nor can whites. When you have black racists and white racists it is very difficult to build bridges between communities.” Following her exit from Congress, Chisholm took up residence in Williamsville, New York. She became the Purington Chair at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, teaching classes in a variety of subjects. She also toured the country giving speeches and encouraging local organizing efforts. Chisholm also helped to cofound the National Political Congress of Black Women and assisted Jesse Jackson in his presidential bids in 1984 and 1988. She was nominated as the United States Ambassador to Jamaica by President Clinton, but refused due to her health. On January 1st, 2005, Chisholm passed away in Ormond Beach, Florida at the age of 80. Shirley Chisholm was an exemplary woman who defied the norms of the political process in order to enact real and meaningful change. Her background as a self-proclaimed Barbadian American and community activist allowed her to understand the issues facing her community of Bedford-Stuyvesant and successfully represent the district on the national stage, fighting for the rights of women, children and the poor. Furthermore, her ability to negotiate and seek unconventional solutions to problems facing many Americans earned her many more victories than failures. Last but not least, we cannot forget the precedent that she set in her bids for the Democratic presidential nomination—one that is particularly relevant in the present day. Although self-described as “a pragmatic politician,” Chisholm will forever be remembered as the outside-the-box trailblazer who left a lasting mark on the world of politics in the United States. The Bold Strokes of Edward Brooke Behind the Scenes: The Work of Augustus Hawkins	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2899
__label__wiki	0.521195	0.521195	Essays Database Essays The Reeves Rebuttal Essay The Reeves Rebuttal Essay University/College: University of California The Reeve’s Rebuttal The Reeve of Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales I portrayed in the first as “old and choleric and thin”(605), choleric meaning short-tempered and yellow. All of Chaucer’s descriptions of the pilgrims in his tales give an insight into and very well foreshadow the their tale to come, and the Reeve is of course no exception. His description continues, portraying him with a conservative and resolve appearance, and one of fierce authority. Clever, calculating, and ruthless seem to sum up his personality, an imposing persona in a weakening body. And when it comes his time to tell his tale, he is quick t fight tale to tale with the Miller to embarrass him more so, being a carpenter himself and having the Millers tale just so insultingly decrying another carpenter. We will write a custom essay on The Reeves Rebuttal specifically for you His description is immediately true, as his short-temper brings his tale of a hapless and cruel miller’s defeat in order to decry the Miller. In the Reeve’s tale, two scholars visit a cheat of a miller from the local university with corn to grind. These boys eventually turn the tables on the miller, and thus it is no small surprise that the position these boys are in is similar to the Reeve’s career as well. The boys, clever and aware, watch to make sure they wouldn’t get cheated by the miller, so in turn the miller lets loose their horse, delaying their return home and letting the miller keep a cut of the corn. To take back what’s theirs ad have the final insult, one of the boys has his way with the millers daughter, and the other his way with the wife. Though undetermined, this could be a clever complementing of the reeve’s younger life. The story, though complete with a moral of the wicked getting their just rewards, is little more than snipe at the real Miller, having him be beaten, tricked, and dishonored by the younger Reeve’s versions. In the prologue of The Canterbury Tales, the Reeve is a ragged older version of the boys later to come in his story. Chaucer keeps the teller of each tale with a vital component and reflection of the tale itself. The Reeve being grouchy yet clever, and old yet well off, uses his tale to take rank as a carpenter, and equally denounce the Miller who had tried to defame him. His beating is not physical, but verbal, and the tale is nothing if not a short-tempered retort directed at the Miller. . Geoffrey Chaucer Canterbury Tales Essay 900 Words \| 4 Pages Canterbury Tales Canterbury Tales tells many stories from medieval literature and provides a great variety of comic tales.Geoffrey Chaucer injects many tales of humor into the novel.Chaucer provides the reader with many light-hearted tales as a form of comic relief between many serious tales.The author interpolates humor into many tales, provides comic relief, and shows the reader a different type of humorous genre. Geoffrey Chaucer provides humor in many of the tales from Canterbury Tales.The Millers Tale is one such tale.In the Millers Tale, a carpenter marries an eighteen-year-old girl named Alison.The carpenter also houses a cleric named Nicholas.The clever... Canterbury Tales Essay Prompts 702 Words \| 3 Pages Canterbury Tales Character Analysis Chaucers greatest work came after everything else. Canterbury tales was the last of his literary works. It followed such stories as Troilus and Creseyde. It is considered as one of the greatest works of literature during the English Middle Age. The ironic thing is that it wasnt even finished the way Chaucer had intended it to. He had planned to have over a hundred tales, four for each pilgrim. He ended up with twenty-four, less than one for each pilgrim. One wonders if he had finished how much better would it have been. The story is... Canterbury Essay 1165 Words \| 4 Pages TalesThe Miller's Tale, as opposed to other tales that we have read so far, isfilled with double meanings that one must understand to catch the crudeness andvulgarity that make the tale what it is. The fact that The Monk's Tale shouldhave followed The Knight's Tale should tell you something about the Miller.The Miller ended up telling the second tale because he was drunk and demanded togo after the knight or he would leave the group (3132-33). The Reeve told theMiller to shut his mouth (3144). The Miller did not and proceeded along with histale. The Miller uses his tale to... Canterbury Tales Interpretive Essay 627 Words \| 3 Pages The Evil Side of Human Nature Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales became one of the first ever works that began to approach the standards of modern literature. It was probably one of the first books to offer the readers entertainment, and not just another set of boring morals. However, the morals, cleverly disguised, are present in almost every story. Besides, the book offers the descriptions of the most common aspects of the human nature. The books points out both the good and the bad qualities of the people, however, the most obvious descriptions are those of the sinful flaws of humans,... The Miller in the General Prologue Essay 1416 Words \| 6 Pages Taking together the portrait of the Miller in the 'General Prologue' with the framing material for the 'Tale', show how Chaucer creates a vivid sense of the teller. What is the likely effect on the reader? Chaucer's 'Canterbury Tales', a collection of tales told by pilgrims on a pilgrimage to Canterbury in the 14th Century, are famous not only for their portrayal of different characters within society and the humour that they provoke, but also for the fact that they were one of the first pieces of work to be written in Middle English. The Miller is one of the most... The Evil Side of Human Nature Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales became one of the first ever works that began to approach the standards of modern literature. It was probably one of the first books to offer the readers entertainment, and not just another set of boring morals. However, the morals, cleverly disguised, are present in almost every story. Besides, the book offers the descriptions of the most common aspects of the human nature. The books points out both the good and the bad qualities of the people, however, the most obvious descriptions are those of the sinful flaws of humans,... Humor was used in the medieval time period to expr Essay 709 Words \| 3 Pages ess one's ideas and thoughts. Geoffrey Chaucer also used humor in The Canterbury Tales in different instances. In The Nun's Priest Tale and The Miller's Tale I will show you how he uses humor to describe characters, his use of language and the actual events that take place.In the Nun's Priest Tale there is a rooster named Chaunticleer. His name suggests a fine knight or nobleprince. The description of a rooster as a noble prince in courtly love romances is ridiculas and maybe this is what keeps us from taking him to seriously in this story. Nicholas, a clerk or... The Evil Side of Human NatureGeoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales became one of the first ever works that began to approach the standards of modern literature. It was probably one of the first books to offer the readers entertainment, and not just another set of boring morals. However, the morals, cleverly disguised, are present in almost every story. Besides, the book offers the descriptions of the most common aspects of the human nature. The books points out both the good and the bad qualities of the people, however, the most obvious descriptions are those of the sinful flaws of humans, such... Explore the ways that the Miller Essay 890 Words \| 4 Pages Explore the ways that the Miller's character is reflected in "The Miller's Tale". A "Churl" in the light of a medieval definition, claims to be an individual in the lower echelons of society, who is prone to bad manners. From the outset, it becomes clear that the Miller has little or no manners, when he arrives at the Tabard Inn not wearing a hat, something that could be considered to be rude in medieval times. From there, it is decided that the pilgrims shall tell their tales according to social rank; however the Miller interrupts this system, at once allowing... The Millers Tale Essay 1034 Words \| 4 Pages The Miller's Tale is arguably Chaucer's best work of humour and it strikes the right balance between bawdiness and vulgarity. The setting of the Miller's Tale is very ordinary and therefore we relate to it and is not humorous. The details give verisimilitude to the tale. But the main aspects of humour in The Miller's Tale are the four characters and how they react with each other. First John, the carpenter. He is a very stereotypical carpenter in those times who marries a young woman for her beauty so she can share his riches. He is rich but stupid and... Topic: The Reeves Rebuttal Essay The Reeve's Rebuttal The Reeve of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales I portrayed in the first as "old and choleric and thin"(605), choleric meaning short-tempered and yellow. All of Chaucer's descriptions of the pilgrims in his tales give an insight into and very well foreshadow the their tale to come, and the Reeve is of course no exception. His description continues, portraying him with a conservative and resolve appearance, and one of fierce authority. Clever, calculating, and	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2900
__label__wiki	0.580018	0.580018	Statistical methods for constructing disease comorbidity networks from longitudinal inpatient data Babak Fotouhi1, Naghmeh Momeni2, Maria A. Riolo3 & David L. Buckeridge4 Tools from network science can be utilized to study relations between diseases. Different studies focus on different types of inter-disease linkages. One of them is the comorbidity patterns derived from large-scale longitudinal data of hospital discharge records. Researchers seek to describe comorbidity relations as a network to characterize pathways of disease progressions and to predict future risks. The first step in such studies is the construction of the network itself, which subsequent analyses rest upon. There are different ways to build such a network. In this paper, we provide an overview of several existing statistical approaches in network science applicable to weighted directed networks. We discuss the differences between the null models that these models assume and their applications. We apply these methods to the inpatient data of approximately one million people, spanning approximately 17 years, pertaining to the Montreal Census Metropolitan Area. We discuss the differences in the structure of the networks built by different methods, and different features of the comorbidity relations that they extract. We also present several example applications of these methods. In the last decade, several network approaches have been introduced to study the interrelations between human diseases. Networks are constructed by connecting diseases that share certain features, collapsing a bipartite graph into a unipartite graph. Examples include genetic/interactomic association (Goh et al. 2007; Halu et al. 2017; Menche et al. 2015), similarity of symptoms (Zhou et al. 2014; Halu et al. 2017), similarity of pertinent drugs (Yıldırım et al. 2007), commonality of etiological environmental factors associated with diseases (Liu et al. 2009), adjacency of metabolic reactions catalyzed by corresponding mutated enzymes (Lee et al. 2008), and co-occurrence in patients (Hidalgo et al. 2009; Folino et al. 2010; Chmiel et al. 2014; Jensen et al. 2014; Jeong et al. 2017). Also sometimes more than one of these networks are juxtaposed to build a multiplex characterization (Halu et al. 2017). All of these strands of research are beneficial and insight-engendering in their respective contexts, and the increase in the breadth of topics and the diversity of approaches promises the emergence of a new field of research. Here we focus on a methodological problem in this new field. We investigate different statistical methods for defining a weighted and directed co-morbidity network from longitudinal hospital in-patient data, and show that different methods capture different aspects of co-morbidity relations. We use a data set containing over a million people for a period of approximately 17 years, and employ different statistical methods to extract co-morbidity networks based on this data set. Some of the previous studies have used a binary version of the comorbidity networks to study the structural properties of diseases (Hidalgo et al. 2009; Folino et al. 2010; Chmiel et al. 2014; Jeong et al. 2017). Measures for establishing unweighted binary links between disease pairs include the ϕ-correlation (which is closely linked to the χ2 statistic) and relative risk (ratio of observed co-occurrence of a pair to the expected co-occurrence of a null model) (Hidalgo et al. 2009; Folino et al. 2010; Chmiel et al. 2014; Jeong et al. 2017). These methods capture useful information about co-morbidities, and also have drawbacks. The ϕ-correlation underestimates the associations in disease pairs in which one disease is rare and the other is prevalent. The relative risk tends to overestimate linkages between rare diseases and to underestimate those between prevalent diseases. To use any of these methods, one inevitably chooses trade-off parameters to construct the network with reasonable accuracy. Examples include the thresholds in Ref. Chmiel et al. (2014), the choice of relative risk cutoff (4 in Ref. Jeong et al. (2017) and 20 in Ref. Folino et al. (2010)), and the choice of defining “lop-sided”ness if one direction of a reciprocal link weights at least twice as the other direction (Jeong et al. 2017). These thresholds are chosen to be intuitively-reasonable values considering the respective settings. In this paper, we study different systematic statistical methods for building weighted directed comorbidity networks. These methods use different criteria to deem statistical significance for links. The resulting networks are sparser than the raw network, and the links are in some sense adjudicated as meaningful, that is, non-noise. In addition to statistical considerations, working with sparser networks is easier both computationally and intuitively, and the ultimate goal of gaining insight about paths of disease progression is facilitated. Here we investigate the effect of the statistical procedure used to build a network from the disease co-occurrence data on the structure of the resulting network. We show that depending on the null model used for defining the statistical significance of disease-disease links, different aspects of the comorbidity patterns are captured, and the resulting networks can have different micro/meso structures, and the centrality/ranking measures of individual diseases can differ. We describe the networks built from each method, discuss their similarities and differences, and present several example applications using these constructed networks. Using the registry of all medically insured people in the province of Québec (fichier d’inscription des personnes assures - FIPA) we randomly sampled 25% of the people residing in the Montreal Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) in 1998. In each subsequent year, we used the FIPA to re-sample immigrants to the CMA and babies born to mothers residing in the CMA to maintain a representative, 25% sample for each year. For sampled individuals, we obtain regular data updates from the Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) on physician billing, drugs dispensed, hospitalization records, and death certificates. The data sets are linked with an anonymized unique identifier. At any given time, the dynamic cohort contains approximately 1 million people and follow-up data span approximately 17 years. Moreover, in one of the applications that we present below, we use the dataset that is publicly available via Ref. Park et al. (2009) to connect our results to previous findings in the literature. In this data set, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) and coexpression networks and the inter-disease network of shared genes are linked to the comorbidity network derived from US Medicare claims of over 13 million elderly patients. The data set can be accessed online via http://msb.embopress.org/content/5/1/262. The analyses reported in this paper has been conducted using MATLAB R2015b. Network construction methods We use the ICD9 coding scheme for the classification of diseases. To make the analysis more tractable, we confine the analysis to the 3-digit classification. Network terminology Throughout, the pathways of disease progression are modeled by a network, where nodes represent diseases and a link from node i to node j represents an instance of diagnosis of disease i followed by a subsequent diagnosis of disease j. We denote the number of connections of a node by its degree, denoted by k. The weight of the link from disease i to disease j is denoted by wij, which is equal to the number of times a diagnosis of disease i followed by a diagnosis of disease j is reported in the data set. By the strength (Serrano et al. 2009) of a node, denoted by s, we refer to the sum of the weights of its links. We use these for either directions of the links. For example, the ‘out-strength’ $s_{x}^{\text {out}}={\sum \nolimits }_{y} w_{xy}$ denotes the sum of the weights of the out-links of node x to other nodes, and the out-degree $k_{x}^{\text {out}}$ denotes the number of such out-links. The out-strength of a node is equal to the total number of times that the diagnosis of that disease was followed by the diagnosis of any other disease. The out-degree of a node is the number of distinct diseases that follow that particular disease, without counting the multiplicities. Similarly we can define the in-strength and in-degree for each node. We denote the sum of the strength of all links by S, that is, we have $S={\sum \nolimits }_{ij} w_{ij}$. Raw network In our data set, there are 1,700,000 distinct hospital visits, and the total number of unique ICD9-coded diagnoses is 6,500,000. Among all the hospital visits, 35.3% where given only one ICD9-coded diagnosis. Figure 1 presents the histogram of the number of ICD9-coded diagnoses per hospital visit. Table 1 presents the top 10 disease in the data set with highest prevalence. Figure 2 depicts the histogram of the prevalence of the diseases in our data set. The distribution of the logarithm of the prevalences is normal-like, but the result of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was that the normality assumption is rejected (on the 0.1 level). Though not strictly log-normal, the prevalence distribution is evidently heavy-tailed, that is, most diseases have low levels of prevalence and a minority of the diseases have extremely high levels of prevalence. The starting point of our analysis is to build a raw network, which will be the substrate on which other methods construct different derived networks. Hospital visits. The distribution of the number of ICD9-coded diagnosis per hospital visit Distribution of disease prevalence. The logarithm of the prevalences is normal-like, but the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test rejects the normality hypothesis Table 1 Top 10 most-prevalent diseases in our data set We seek a weighted and directed characterization of the comorbidity patterns, where the weight of the link from disease i to j equals the number of instances where a patient with disease i later developed disease j. The raw network is made by sweeping over every hospital visit, and incrementing the weight of the link from disease i to disease j if in that visit disease j is diagnosed for the first time in a patient for whom disease i had been previously diagnosed. In other words, if a patient who previously had disease i but did not have disease j visits the hospital and is diagnosed with disease j, then wij increments by one. There are hospital visits where two diseases are co-diagnosed in a patient for the first time. We do not observe what the temporal order of their occurrence was before the patient visited the hospital. The link between the two diseases might be in either direction. We have two possible choices: either to discard this observation or to count this link in both directions. We choose the former, because we prefer less data to more-but-noisy data. About 35% of the patients in the data set only visited the hospital once, thus they did not constitute any comorbidity trajectory with the above criteria, and did not contribute to the raw network. The weight distribution of the links are depicted in Fig. 3. After undertaking the maximum likelihood method devised in Clauset et al. (2009), we conclude that although the distribution resembles a linear curve on the log-log scale, the hypothesis that the weight distribution is power-law is rejected. Thus throughout the paper we only use non-parametric statistical methods. We do not assume scale-freeness of the distributions. Distribution of link weights. The distribution of link weights. According to the method devised in Ref. Clauset et al. (2009), the null hypothesis that the weights have a power-law distribution is rejected Relative risk and observed-to-expected ratio The relative risk (RR) is a measure of comorbidity strength used in previous studies of disease networks (Hidalgo et al. 2009; Park et al. 2009; Jeong et al. 2017). In these studies, the relative risk is equal to the ratio of the number of times that an ordered pair of diseases occur in the empirical data to the expected number of times it would occur in a random network. In Ref. Hidalgo et al. (2009), the threshold value for this quantity was obtained from formulas for confidence intervals given in Ref. Katz et al. (1978). Here we make a notational clarification. The problem considered in Ref. Katz et al. (1978) is the problem of finding confidence intervals for risk ratios in the following sense. Consider the 2×2 contingency table given in Table 2. In the following calculations, we use the values of a,b,c,d defined in Table 2 for brevity of notation. Table 2 The contingency table to analyze the comorbidity of diseases i and j The relative risk considered in Ref. Katz et al. (1978), and conventionally in epidemiology and biostatistics, is defined as ${\left (\frac {a}{a+b}\right)/ \left (\frac {c}{c+d}\right)}$. But that is not how RR is defined in Refs. Hidalgo et al. (2009); Jeong et al. (2017); Park et al. (2009) to study comorbidity links. Rather, these studies define RR as ${\frac {a }{(a+b)(a+c)}}$. The numerator is the observed co-occurrence proportion, and the denominator is the expected co-occurrence proportion under independence. The quantity ${\frac {a}{(a+b)(a+c)}}$ is actually what is often called the observed-to-expected ratio. Herein we denote it by OER. So we use this terminology in our paper: $$\begin{array}{{20}l} { OER_{ij}= \frac{ w_{ij}\times S}{ s_{j}^{\text{in}} s_{i}^{\text{out}}}. }\end{array} $$ Note that we can equivalently write: $$\begin{array}{{20}l} { \log OER_{ij} = \log \frac{\frac{w_{ij}}{S}}{\left(\frac{s_{j}^{\text{in} }}{S} \right) \times\left(\frac{s_{i}^{\text{out}}}{S} \right)}. }\end{array} $$ In this form, logOER is equivalent to the point-wise mutual information that is used, for example, in natural language processing to measure how likely two words are to co-occur (Bouma 2009). The confidence intervals for OER can be obtained by applying the delta method to logOER: $$\begin{array}{{20}l} \text{var}(\log OER) &= \frac{1}{S} \left[ \begin{array}{c} \frac{b c-a^{2}}{a (a+b) (a+c)} \\ \frac{-1}{ a + b} \\ \frac{ -1 }{ a+c} \\ 0 \end{array} \right]^{T} \left[ \begin{array}{cccc} a(1-a) & - a b & - a c & - a d \\ - a b & b(1-b) & - b c & - b d \\ - a c & - b c & c(1-c) & - c d \\ - a d & - b d & - c d & d(1-d) \end{array} \right] \left[ \begin{array}{c} \frac{b c-a^{2}}{a (a+b) (a+c)} \\ \frac{-1}{ a + b} \\ \frac{ -1 }{ a+c} \\ 0 \end{array} \right] \\ &= \frac{ bc(1-a)+a^{2}(1-b-c)-a^{3}}{a (a+b) (a+c)S},\end{array} $$ where T denotes transpose. So the 95% confidence intervals are obtained as follows: $ \text {CI}(OER)= \left [\widehat {OER} e^{-1.96 \sqrt {\text {var}(\log OER)}}~,~ \widehat {OER} e^{+1.96 \sqrt {\text {var}(\log OER)}} \right ] $. We re- iterate that what we have defined here as OER is what the previous studies of comorbidity networks have referred to as the relative risk, and what we define below as the relative risk is not to be confused with their notation. As discussed above, for the relative risk we define: $$\begin{array}{{20}l} { RR= \frac{\frac{w_{ij}}{s_{i}^{\text{out}}}}{\frac{s_{j}^{\text{in}}-w_{ij}}{S-s_{i}^{\text{out}}}} }\end{array} $$ So the relative risk is the ratio of the probability that j receives one of the out-links of i to the probability that j receives a link from another disease that is not i. In other words, the relative risk is the ratio of the probability that disease j succeeds disease i to the probability that disease j succeeds any other disease. For the variance of the relative risk, we can proceed similar to before and obtain the following result which is equivalent to what is used in Ref. Hidalgo et al. (2009) for OER: $$\begin{array}{{20}l} {}\text{var}(\log RR) &= \frac{1}{S}{ \left[ \begin{array}{c} \frac{ b }{ a (a + b)} \\ \frac{-1}{ a + b} \\ \frac{ -d }{ c(c+d)} \\ \frac{1}{ c + d } \end{array} \right]^{T} \left[ \begin{array}{cccc} a(1-a) & - a b & - a c & - a d \\ - a b & b(1-b) & - b c & - b d \\ - a c & - b c & c(1-c) & - c d \\ - a d & - b d & - c d & d(1-d) \end{array} \right] \left[ \begin{array}{c} \frac{ b }{ a (a + b)} \\ \frac{-1}{ a + b} \\ \frac{ -d }{ c(c+d)} \\ \frac{1}{ c + d } \end{array} \right]}\\ &=\frac{ b}{ a (a+b)S} + \frac{ d}{ c(c+d)S} \end{array} $$ Despite the technical distinction between RR and OER, we can show that for practical purposes considered in this paper, these two measures are very close for almost all cases. Dividing Eq. 1 by Eq. 4, we have: $$\begin{array}{{20}l}{ \frac{RR}{OER}= \frac{1-w_{ij}/s_{j}^{\text{in}}}{1-s_{i}^{\text{out}}/S} \simeq 1-w_{ij}/s_{j}^{\text{in}}. }\end{array} $$ This ratio is very close to one if wij is much smaller than $s_{j}^{\text {in}}$, that is, if disease i is not a main predecessor of disease j in comorbidity patterns. However, if the in-degree of disease j is small, so that it has few predecessors, then RR might deviate from OER. In our data set, there are only 61 disease pairs for which $w_{ij}/s_{j}^{\text {in}}$ exceeded 10%. Since this fraction is negligibly small, the RR and OER measures are therefore almost identical. We use the network constructed based on OER in the following analyses to be consistent with the measures used in the previous literature. A practical caveat of OER is that diseases with very low prevalence can produce unduly large values of OER, which is evident from Eq. 2. This is also pointed out previously in the disease networks literature (Park et al. 2009). A workaround is to discard disease pairs for which the expected co-occurrence under independence is greater than a certain threshold. As investigated in Ref. Park et al. (2009), as long as the threshold exceeds unity, the structure of the OER comorbidity network remains robust against the choice of threshold. In the present paper, we choose the threshold to be equal to unity. ϕ coefficient The ϕ correlation coefficient is a measure of association for two binary variables (here, the binary variable indicates whether or not a certain disease is diagnosed). It quantifies the tendency of the two binary variables to co-occur, that is, the concentration of the contingency table towards the diagonal. Generalizing the undirected case considered before in the literature (Hidalgo et al. 2009), we can define the directed version of the ϕ coefficient as follows: $$\begin{array}{{20}l}{ \phi_{ij}= \frac{w_{ij} S- s_{i}^{\text{out}} s_{j}^{\text{in}}} {\sqrt{ s_{i}^{\text{out}} s_{j}^{\text{in}} \left(S- s_{i}^{\text{out}}\right) \left(S- s_{j}^{\text{in}}\right) }}.}\end{array} $$ If the instances of disease j succeeding disease i are more frequent than the random case, the ϕ coefficient will be positive. If these instances are less frequent than it would be expected for the random case, the ϕ coefficient will be negative, and it means that having developed disease i actually decreases getting disease j. The caveat in the performance of the ϕ coefficient is that, the higher the disparity between the prevalences of the two diseases, the less informative the ϕ coefficient becomes (Hidalgo et al. 2009). A technical caveat of the ϕ coefficient is that, although it is always in the [−1,+1] interval, the absolute values of its theoretical extrema are less than unity (Guilford 1965; Davenport Jr and El-Sanhurry 1991; Park et al. 2009). In the case of positive association, assuming $s_{j}^{\text {in}}< s_{i}^{\text {out}}$, the maximum value of ϕ which is theoretically attainable is $\phi _{\text {max}}=\frac {\left (S-s_{i}^{\text {out}}\right) s_{j}^{\text {in}}}{\left (S-s_{j}^{\text {in}}\right)s_{i}^{\text {out}}}$. Because both $s_{i}^{\text {out}}$ and $s_{j}^{\text {in}}$ are much smaller than S in our analysis, this maximum value is close to $s_{j}^{\text {in}}/s_{i}^{\text {out}}$, which is less than unity. If we had started with the assumption $s_{j}^{\text {in}}>s_{i}^{\text {out}}$, we would have found the inverse of the latter fraction, so the maximum value would again be smaller than unity. A possible workaround would be to normalize ϕ via dividing it by ϕmax (Davenport Jr and El-Sanhurry 1991; Park et al. 2009; Chmiel et al. 2014). The ϕ coefficient is related to the conventional χ2 statistic in the following way: ϕ2=χ2/S. To determine statistical significance and to find a p-value for the ϕ coefficient, Ref. Hidalgo et al. (2009) has employed a t-distribution approximation. The conditions for the validity of the approximation are not discussed. Ref. Chmiel et al. (2014) uses a χ2 test. Moreover, it is important to note that the χ2 test involves underlying assumptions regarding minimum expected cell counts in the 2×2 table (Everitt 1992). In our setting, characterized by Table 2, the expected cell count for the (1,1) cell is $s_{i}^{\text {out}}s_{j}^{\text {in}}/S$, which is smaller than unity for many existing disease pairs in our data set. Thus the requirements for the χ2 test are not always met. In Ref. Park et al. (2009), the distributions of wij is assumed to be binomial, and a Poisson approximation is used to calculate the p-values. It is of note that the Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution also requires the expected co-occurrence of the disease pairs not to be large (usually O(1) is advised in statistics textbooks). For about 10% of the disease pairs in our data set, this condition is not met. So this method is also not applicable to our data set. In this paper, we used Fisher’s exact test to decide the significance of association. Disparity filter The disparity filter (DF) has a local node-based approach to define the network null model (Serrano et al. 2009). We first consider unweighted networks for explanatory purposes. The DF method asks that, for node x with given strength sx and degree kx, what would we expect the weights of its links to look like if they were allocated randomly? In the null model of the DF method, each node is assumed to possess a given strength sx that is to be distributed among its kx neighbors uniformly at random. That is, if the null is true, node x has no preference among its neighbors, and it would distribute its weights uniformly at random. We can mathematically conceptualize this setting as follows: In the unit interval [0,1], k−1 points are drawn uniformly at random, thus leading to k shares of strength pertaining to k different links. Without loss of generality, consider the left-most interval (between 0 and the left-most randomly-chosen point). The probability that the length of this share (which corresponds to the weight of one of the links) is greater than x is equal to the probability that all of the other k−1 points fall in a piece with length 1−x. This probability equals (1−x)k−1. This coincides with the p-value for that link, because it gives the probability that, under the null, the share of that link exceeds the observed value. The said procedure can be undertaken either for out-degrees or in-degrees, yielding two distinct backbone networks. We define the p-value: $${ \left\{\begin{array}{l} \alpha_{ij}^{\text{out}}= \left(1-\frac{w_{ij}}{s_{i}^{\text{out}}}\right)^{\left(k_{i}^{\text{out}}-1\right)} \\ \\ \alpha_{ij}^{\text{in}}= \left(1-\frac{w_{ji}}{s_{i}^{\text{in}}}\right)^{\left(k_{i}^{\text{in}}-1\right)} \end{array}\right. } $$ Then, a global thresholding can be done for a desired level of significance by discarding links whose α values exceed a certain threshold value. In this paper we set α=0.05 as the threshold value. We only consider the out-network in this study, because we are concerned mainly with finding diseases that increase the risk of developing other diseases (that is, those who perform as ‘roots’ in comorbidity paths). Iterative proportional fitting procedure The Iterative Proportional Fitting Procedure (IPFP) is a simple method used in the context of US inter-county migration flows (Slater 2009a; 2009b). Here we utilize it to analyze disease flows. This method utilizes the Sinkhorn-Knopp algorithm (Sinkhorn and Knopp 1967), which involves iteratively normalizing the rows and columns of the adjacency matrix until the row and column sums are sufficiently close to unity. In the IPFP method, after constructing this bistochastic matrix via successive normalizations, we start from an empty network and add the links successively in the decreasing order of their weight in the bistochastic matrix until the largest connected component of the network comprises every node. One can also use a global thresholding to obtain sparser networks. As the threshold is lowered, more and more links whose values in the bistochastic matrix exceed the threshold are allowed in. In this paper, we retain the top 5% of the heaviest links of the resultant bistochastic matrix. The mathematical procedure for the IPFP method is as follows. Suppose we seek B, a transformation of the adjacency matrix A between the N distinct diseases, and we impose the condition that every disease in B must have the same number of preceding diagnoses and the same number of succeeding diagnoses as every other disease. If we interpret disease progressions as flows between diseases, this condition is the equality of in-flow and out-flow for every disease. This fixed amount is arbitrary and can be set to unity, so the elements of B can be interpreted as probabilities. We can also normalize the elements of A by S, that is, we can interpret wij/S as the fraction of the total inter-disease flux that flows from disease i to disease j, so it can be interpreted as a probability. Consider the following minimum-cross-entropy estimation problem: $$\begin{array}{{20}l} \underset{\{B_{ij}\}}{\text{minimize}} \quad &\sum\limits_{i,j=1}^{N} B_{ij} \log \frac{SB_{ij}}{w_{ij}} \\ \text{subject to} \quad &\sum\limits_{j=1}^{N} B_{ij}=1, ~~~ i=1\ldots N, \\ &\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N} B_{ij}=1, ~~~ j=1 \ldots N.\end{array} $$ The task is to minimize the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the target matrix B and the adjacency matrix A (whose ij element is wij), given the normalization constraints of rows and columns of B. We denote the Lagrangian multipliers for the first constraint (normalization of rows) by λj and those of the second constraint (normalization of columns) by μi. The Lagrangian is: $$\begin{array}{{20}l}{ \mathcal{L} = \sum\limits_{ij} B_{ij} \log \frac{SB_{ij}}{w_{ij}} - \sum\limits_{i} \lambda_{i} \left(\sum\limits_{j}B_{ij}-1 \right) - \sum\limits_{j} \mu_{j} \left(\sum\limits_{i} B_{ij}-1 \right).}\end{array} $$ Setting the components of the gradient equal to zero, we get: $$\begin{array}{{20}l} { \log \frac{SB_{ij}}{w_{ij}} + 1 = \lambda_{i} + \mu_{j} \Longrightarrow B_{ij} =\frac{ w_{ij}}{S} e^{\lambda_{i} + \mu_{j} -1} }\end{array} $$ Let Λ be a diagonal matrix with positive elements ${\exp (\lambda _{i}-1/2)/\sqrt {S}}$ and let M be a diagonal matrix with positive elements ${\exp (\mu _{j}-1/2)/\sqrt {S}}$. Then, according to Eq. 11, the above-formulated maximum entropy problem becomes equivalent to finding a bistochastic matrix B such that: B=ΛAM, with the following pair of coupled equations holding: $ \Lambda _{ii} = 1/{\sum \nolimits }_{j} A_{ij} M_{jj}$ and $M_{ii}= 1/{\sum \nolimits }_{i} A_{ij} \Lambda _{ii}$. This is equivalent to what the Sinkhorn-Knopp theorem states: iterating the matrices Λ and M from the latter pair and inserting the limiting result into the equation B=ΛAM, the unique bistochastic matrix B is obtained (Sinkhorn and Knopp 1967). For discussions regarding convergence of the iteration, see Refs. Sinkhorn and Knopp (1967); Chakrabarty and Khanna (2018). In brief, the method converges if and only if the adjacency matrix has total support, which means that for every nonzero element A, there exists a column permutation of A such that the nonzero element is brought to the main diagonal and every diagonal element is nonzero. Note that adding a nonzero constant to every diagonal element of the adjacency matrix (which is equivalent to adding a self-link for every disease) guarantees this property, because for every off-diagonal element we can simply swap its column such that it is brought to the main diagonal, and the main diagonal of the resulting matrix is already all-positive. Such an addition, akin to Laplace smoothing in machine learning (Schütze et al. 2008), is equivalent to viewing each disease as succeeding itself after a prior diagnosis, because any two checks for the same patient during the period of an illness would produce such a self-link. We performed a robustness check regarding the amount added to the main diagonal. We observed reasonable robustness for any added value up to O(101) for the network measures that we invoked in this paper. So we used unity; we increment the diagonal of the adjacency matrix by unity and then applied the IPFP procedure by iteratively normalizing columns and rows until sufficient convergence. The IPFP method has another property that facilitates the interpretation of its function. Consider the m-th stage of the iterative normalization procedure in the IPFP method. Denote the adjacency matrix at this stage by A(m). Denote the sum of row i at this stage by $r_{i}^{(m)}$ and the sum of column i by $c_{i}^{(m)}$. Denote the adjacency matrix after row normalization by A(m+1/2), and denote the result of the subsequent column-normalization by A(m+1). The element ij of A(m+1/2) is given by $$\begin{array}{{20}l} { A_{ij}^{(m+1/2)}= \frac{A_{ij}^{(m)}}{\sum\limits_{a} A_{ia}^{(m)}}. }\end{array} $$ After the subsequent column normalization, we have $$\begin{array}{{20}l}{ A_{ij}^{(m+1)}=\frac{A_{ij}^{(m+1/2)}}{\sum\limits_{b} A_{bj}^{(m+1/2)}}= \frac{\frac{A_{ij}^{(m)}}{\sum\limits_{a} A_{ia}^{(m)}}} {\sum\limits_{b} \frac{A_{bj}^{(m)}}{\sum\limits_{a} A_{ba}^{(m)}}} = \frac{A_{ij}^{(m)}}{ r_{i}^{(m)} \sum\limits_{b} A_{bj}^{(m)}/r_{b}^{(m)}} }\end{array} $$ Therefore, for two disease pairs ij and kℓ, we have: $$\begin{array}{{20}l}\frac{A_{ij}^{(m+1)} A_{k\ell}^{(m+1)}}{A_{i\ell}^{(m+1)}A_{kj}^{(m+1)}}= \frac{A_{ij}^{(m)} A_{k\ell}^{(m)}}{A_{i\ell}^{(m)}A_{kj}^{(m)}} \times \left(\frac{r_{i}^{(m)} \sum\limits_{b} A_{b\ell}^{(m)}/r_{b}^{(m)} \times r_{k}^{(m)} \sum\limits_{b} A_{bj}^{(m)}/r_{b}^{(m)}} {r_{i}^{(m)} \sum\limits_{b} A_{bj}^{(m)}/r_{b}^{(m)} \times r_{k}^{(m)} \sum\limits_{b} A_{b\ell}^{(m)}/r_{b}^{(m)}} \right) = \frac{A_{ij}^{(m)} A_{k\ell}^{(m)}}{A_{i\ell}^{(m)}A_{kj}^{(m)}}. \end{array} $$ Thus the quantity $ \left [ A_{ij}^{(m)} A_{k\ell }^{(m)}\right ]/ \left [A_{i\ell }^{(m)}A_{kj}^{(m)}\right ]$ is conserved. This can be interpreted as the odds ratio in the contingency table formed by the four diseases i,j,k,ℓ. This odds ratio is the same between the final bistochastic matrix and the original raw adjacency matrix. Thus the IPFP method focuses on relative inter-disease flows and discards the absolute link weights. The GloSS filter We discussed above that the disparity filter had a local approach; focusing on the distribution of link strengths of individual nodes among their immediate in-neighbors or out-neighbors. That is, the disparity filter assesses how likely a link strength is to be a nonrandom fluctuation in the links of an individual node. An alternative approach would be to allow the weights to be distributed globally, while still retaining the degrees fixed. This leads to the Global Statistical Significance (GloSS) filter (Radicchi et al. 2011). The GloSS filter assesses how likely a particular link weight is to be a nonrandom fluctuation in the whole network. This method works as follows. We first fix the network topology, that is, the node degrees and directions. This unweighted network is the substrate for the null model. Denote the empirically-observed weight distribution of links by $\hat {p}(w)$. The null model is constructed by assigning to each link of the substrate network a value randomly drawn from the global empirical distribution $\hat {p}(w)$. We introduce the auxiliary probability distribution F(s,k), which is the probability that randomly drawing k values from the weight distribution $\hat {p}(w)$ will yield values that sum up to s. It is straightforward to show that F(s,k) is obtained by convolving $\hat {p}(w)$ with itself k times. More simply, we can take the inverse Fourier transform of the k-th power of the Fourier transform of the original distribution: $$\begin{array}{{20}l}{ F(s,k)= \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{0}^{\infty} \left[\int_{0}^{\infty} \hat{p}(w) e^{i w \phi} dw \right]^{k} e^{-i s \phi} d\phi }\end{array} $$ Now we can apply Bayes’ rule to obtain: $$\begin{array}{{20}l} P\left(w_{ij}\|s_{i}^{\text{out}},k_{i}^{\text{out}},s_{j}^{\text{in}},k_{j}^{\text{in}}\right) &= \hat{p}(w_{ij}) \frac{P\left(s_{i}^{\text{out}},s_{j}^{\text{in}}\|w_{ij},k_{i}^{\text{out}},k_{j}^{\text{in}}\right)}{P\left(s_{i}^{\text{out}},s_{j}^{\text{in}}\|k_{i}^{\text{out}},k_{j}^{\text{in}}\right)} \\ &= \hat{p}(w_{ij}) \frac{F\left(s_{i}^{\text{out}}-w_{ij},k_{i}^{\text{out}}-1\right) F\left(s_{j}^{\text{in}}-w_{ij},k_{j}^{\text{in}}-1\right)}{P\left(s_{i}^{\text{out}},s_{j}^{\text{in}}\|k_{i}^{\text{out}},k_{j}^{\text{in}}\right)} \end{array} $$ We can thus compute αij, which is the probability that, under the null, the value of wij is greater than a given value. So we arrive at the p-value for the observed weight wij: $$\begin{array}{{20}l}{ \alpha_{ij}= \frac{\int_{w_{ij}}^{\infty} \hat{p}(w) F\left(s_{i}^{\text{out}}-w,k_{i}^{\text{out}}-1\right) F\left(s_{j}^{\text{in}}-w,k_{j}^{\text{in}}-1\right)dw} {\int_{0}^{\infty} \hat{p}(w) F\left(s_{i}^{\text{out}}-w,k_{i}^{\text{out}}-1\right) F\left(s_{j}^{\text{in}}-w,k_{j}^{\text{in}}-1\right)dw} }\end{array} $$ The method then proceeds by retaining those links whose p-values are smaller than a threshold value which sets the significance level. In this paper, we set α=0.05. It is of note that the p-values of the links are not necessarily highly correlated with link weights. This feature enables a trade-off between topology and weight. That is, the method has the advantage that it can capture informative links whose weights might not be outstandingly large. Link salience An alternative approach for assessing the importance of a link is link salience (Grady et al. 2012). The link salience method takes a more global approach as compared to the previous methods. The underlying rationale of this method can be intuitively described with an analogy to road networks: if the network represents the network of roads between locations, then the link salience method is trying to partition the links into superhighways and roads (Wu et al. 2006). This method involves viewing the network from the point of view of every single node, and measuring how important a given link is viewed by all nodes. The algorithm works as follows. For a path {v1,…,vℓ} between source node v1 and target node vℓ, we define the total effective distance as ${\sum \nolimits }_{i=1}^{\ell } 1/w_{v_{i}v_{i+1}}$. So between any pair of nodes, we can define a shortest path as the path that minimizes the effective distances. For each node v, we find the shortest paths to every other node. This can be done by standard methods, such as Dijkstra’s algorithm. The shortest-path tree rooted at node v can be represented by a binary matrix T(v) with the same size as the original network. So T(v)ij is 1 if the link from node i to node j exists on at least one shortest path from v to some other node, and T(v)ij is zero otherwise. Finally, the salience of the network is defined as the following matrix: $S=(1/N) {\sum \nolimits }_{v} T(v)$. This matrix gives the link salience values to be used for extracting the network skeleton. There are several advantageous of this method. First, if the salience of a link is high (that is, close to unity), this means that it participates in most of the shortest-path trees. Thus, viewed from the point of view of the majority of the nodes, this link is important for reaching other nodes. This helps one capture pathways that are critical in reaching certain diseases. For instance, a certain link might not be particularly heavy, yet this method might pick it up because it is essential in reaching a certain disease which is otherwise isolated. Second, this method is highly robust regarding the choice of significance threshold. The distribution of link salience values calculated with the above procedure is bimodal: most links have salience concentrated near zero, a small minority have salience concentrated around unity, and the rest of the links take intermediate salience values. Such a bimodal nature of this distribution considerably facilitates the choice of threshold, because the links that fall in the intermediary region between the two peaks are a negligibly-small minority and any threshold value in this region will retain almost the same set of links. Third, this method enables characterizing the risks associated with links, rather than the nodes. The global nature of this approach enables extraction of ‘disease highways’, which are the main multi-disease progression paths. In this paper, we used the threshold value of 0.9 for the salience values. That is, we retain all the links with salience greater than 0.9. Comparing networks In this section we first provide a broad overview of the structure of the constructed networks. We then introduce different network measures for characterizing disease importance and apply these measures to the constructed networks. The measures that we use are in-strength, out-strength, eigenvector centrality, PageRank, Hubs and Authority (the HITS algorithm (Kleinberg 1999)), and betweenness centrality. Overview of the function of different networks Table 3 presents the summary statistics of the networks built with the above methods. For each network, we calculated the number of links, the percentage of links from the raw network that the method retains, and the number of nodes for each network. To describe the connectivity of nodes, we calculate the mean and standard deviation of the out-strengths and out-degrees, which are mathematically identical to those for the in-strengths and in-degrees, respectively. To characterize the relation between the degrees of nodes and their neighbors, we calculate the nearest-neighbor degree statistics as follows. For each node, we find the average out-degree of its out-neighbors. Then we calculate the mean and standard deviation of these values across all nodes. This measure quantifies the nearest-neighbor degree correlations of the network. For each network, we denote the average prevalence of the diseases kept by the method by 〈P〉. For each disease, we can find the average prevalence of its neighboring diseases. The average over all these average values is denoted by $P_{nn}^{\text {out}}$ if we use the out-neighbors for calculations, and $P_{nn}^{\text {in}}$ if we use the in-neighbors. Finally, we report a measure of homophily, calculated as the correlation between the prevalence of diseases and the average prevalence of the neighbors of diseases. This assortativity coefficient can be calculated using either the out-neighbors or the in-neighbors. The resulting coefficients are denoted by $r_{P}^{\text {out}}$ and $r_{P}^{\text {in}}$, respectively. These measures can also be visibly investigated from Figs. 5 and 6. Every constructed network is a subsample of the raw network topologically (disregarding the link weights). But there is no particular relation between the constructed networks, that is, one cannot be derived from the other, because the methods employ different filtering rationales. The OER, ϕ, and IPFP methods, assign new weights to the inter-disease links, which are different from the raw link weights which simply denote the number of diagnosis successions. In contrast, in the DF, Gloss, and Salience methods, filtering techniques are applied only to decide which links of the raw network to retain and which to discard, and the weights of the retained links remain intact. Table 3 Summary statistics of the constructed networks From Table 3 we can obtain quick insight into the differences between the function of different methods. For the raw network, the correlations between the prevalence of diseases with their in-neighbors and that with their out-neighbors, denoted by $r_{P}^{\text {in}}$ and $r_{P}^{\text {out}}$ respectively, are both negative. This is also evident from the negative slope of the curves in Figs. 5 and 6 corresponding to the raw network. Also, the prevalence distribution of the raw network, presented in Fig. 4, shows that the distribution of the prevalences has a lognormal-like shape, so most diseases have small prevalence, and high-prevalence diseases are relatively less common. Combining these two observations, we deduce that the connections are strongly disassortative and mutual. That is, the network has a core-periphery structure in which a few highly-prevalent nodes preferentially connect to many low-prevalence nodes, and vice versa. Visualizing Prevalences. The distribution of the ln(prevalence) of the diseases in different constructed networks sheds light on their selection criteria. The GloSS method retains disproportionately high-prevalence diseases, the IPFP method discards disproportionately high-prevalence diseases, and the OER, DF, and salience methods, discard disproportionately low-prevalence diseases Comparing prevalences of neighboring nodes. The horizontal axis pertains to the prevalence of the diseases, and the vertical axis depicts the distribution of the prevalences of their out-neighbors. The thick lines denote median values and the shades demarcate 0.25 and 0.75 quantiles. The axes are natural-logarithmic Comparing prevalences of neighboring nodes. The horizontal axis pertains to the prevalence of the diseases, and the vertical axis depicts the distribution of the prevalences of their in-neighbors. The thick lines denote median values and the shades demarcate 0.25 and 0.75 quantiles. The axes are natural-logarithmic The OER and ϕ methods retain comparable portions of the links, but the OER network discards about 10% of the nodes. We manually verified that all the diseases that the OER method discards are in-fact extremely low-prevalence. This is also visible in Fig. 4, where the left tail of the OER curve begins around 12, falling in the 6th percentile of the prevalence distribution of the raw network. So we observe that the OER network discards all the diseases in the bottom 5 percentile of prevalence. From Figs. 5 and 6, we also observe that the low-prevalence diseases are discarded by the OER method. We also observed that the curves corresponding to the OER method have negative slopes, similar to the raw network. This indicates that the OER method retains the structural core-periphery property discussed above. For the ϕ network, correlation between the prevalence of diseases with their in-neighbors and that with their out-neighbors are close to zero. This means that the disease pairs in the ϕ network neither exhibit homophily nor heterophily in prevalence. This is visible in Figs. 5 and 6, where the curves pertaining to the ϕ method have overall slope close to zero. The DF network is considerably sparser than OER though it retains roughly the same number of nodes. In contrast to the OER and ϕ networks, the DF network exhibits a high imbalance between $\langle P_{nn}^{\text {out}} \rangle $ and $\langle P_{nn}^{\text {in}} \rangle $. This means that on average, the average prevalence of out-neighbors of nodes is five times greater than the average prevalence of the in-neighbors of nodes. This is expected by construction, because the way the DF network was built was to retain disproportionately-large out-links of each node, and discard the out-links with smaller weights. So for a typical disease, heavier out-links are systematically selected, and these are the links that typically point to high-prevalence diseases. In other words, high-prevalence diseases are the ones which appear with high frequency among either the in-neighbors or the out-neighbors of a typical disease, and the DF method systematically discards light out-links without doing the same to the in-links, thereby creating an imbalance. Consequently, high-prevalence nodes become more likely to appear among the out-neighbors as before. This asymmetry is also evident from the mismatch between the signs of $r_{P}^{\text {in}}$ and $r_{P}^{\text {out}}$. Moreover, as it is visible in Fig. 4, the DF method discards diseases with low prevalence almost entirely, which is a feature it shares with the OER method. The IPFP network is sparser than OER, ϕ, and DF networks. The average prevalence of the diseases that IPFP retains is lower than the other three methods. Same is true for the median of the prevalences. This means that the IPFP filter discards disease with extremely high prevalence. This is also evident from the tail behavior of the distribution of log(prevalence) in Fig. 4, where the tail of the IPFP curve visibly plummets below the other curves. The $\langle P_{nn}^{\text {out}} \rangle $ and $\langle P_{nn}^{\text {in}} \rangle $ values of the IPFP network are an order of magnitude smaller than the corresponding values in the OER, ϕ, and DF networks. Thus the core-periphery feature is nonexistent in the IPFP network, and the prevalences of the disease pairs are on average less unequal than other networks. Moreover, the IPFP method rewards intermediacy. As Fig. 4 shows, the intermediate-prevalence diseases constitute a higher fraction of the IPFP method as compared to the raw network. The GloSS filter has a unique property: the average prevalence is twice as high as the raw network. So the GloSS method has retained disproportionately high-prevalence diseases. This is also evident from Fig. 4. The prevalence curve pertaining to the Gloss method is shifted to the far right. In fact, the lowest prevalence in the GloSS network is 1176, which in the raw network, is at the 47 percentile. So the Gloss network discards about half of the diseases, and it suffers from this problem much more severely than OER and DF methods. The values of $\langle P_{nn}^{\text {out}} \rangle $ and $\langle P_{nn}^{\text {in}} \rangle $ are also much greater than the average and median values of P. Moreover, $r_{P}^{\text {in}}$ and $r_{P}^{\text {out}}$ are strongly negative. These indicate a strong mutual core-periphery structure. This feature was also present in the raw network as discussed above, but is markedly accentuated by the GloSS method. The GloSS method discards low-prevalence diseases, and retains medium and high-prevalence diseases. As Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate, in the remaining network, the out-links of high-prevalence diseases are preferentially towards medium-prevalence diseases, and conversely, the out-links of medium-prevalence diseases are preferentially towards high-prevalence diseases. The Salience network is the most sparse, retaining less than 2.5% of all the links in the raw data. The Salience network is small by construction because it seeks to retain a small fraction of links that would capture the macro skeleton of the network. Since according to Table 3 the number of links is smaller than the number of nodes in this network, we deduce that the Salience network is disconnected. Via visualization we verified that the Salience network is in fact segregated to disjoint connected components. The Salience method, like the OER, DF, and GloSS methods, is biased towards high-prevalence diseases. However, the degree to which the Salience method suffers from this bias is comparable to the OER and DF methods, and is not as severe as the Gloss method. Another notable uniqueness of the Salience method is the great difference between $\langle P_{nn}^{\text {out}} \rangle $ and $\langle P_{nn}^{\text {in}} \rangle $, with the former being about 60 times greater than the latter. This was the case for the DF network too, but this ratio was about five, which is a much smaller difference than in the Salience network. To investigate if the high skew of the prevalence distribution is disproportionately affecting the averages, we repeated the calculations using the median instead of average, and we observed the same pattern both for DF and salience networks. This indicates a highly-unequal three-level structure in the Salience network: the Salience network comprises many locally-core-periphery substructures, where the peripheral nodes preferentially connect to the core nodes, but the core nodes do not reciprocate. Some of the core nodes connect to other core nodes, and some of them do not. That is, there are three types of nodes in the Salience network: (i) core nodes with high in-strength (received by many unilateral links from small peripheral nodes), (ii) nodes with high in-strength and intermediate out-strength (the in-flow comes form many peripheral nodes, the out-flow goes into the core nodes from the first category), and (iii) the small peripheral nodes who do not receive any in-flow and form unilateral links towards the former two categories. This topology can be simply conceptualized as follows: consider a star graph with many leafs, all unilaterally linking to the central node. Now suppose we take a fraction of the leafs, and for each of them introduce some new leaf nodes that unilaterally connect to them, turning them into mini-authorities. This structure exhibits the correlation properties observed in Table 3 for the Salience network. We also visually verified this hypothesis. Note that the lack of reciprocation from high-prevalence nodes is in contrast to the raw and OER networks, which although highly unequal, comprised mostly-bidirectional links. Applicability of different methods To summarize, the OER and ϕ networks focus on disease-disease relationships in the usual statistical way, that is, in the absence of network structure. If the task of a study is to investigate the comorbidity between a certain pair of diseases, then these methods are suitable. The OER network disproportionately discards diseases with low prevalences, and the ϕ network disproportionately discards disease pairs with highly-unequal prevalences. The DF network is better if the questions of comorbidity are being formulated conditional on having developed certain diseases first, and if one wants to compare between the risks of different diseases that succeed the given initial diseases. The DF method has the disadvantage that it discards diseases with low prevalence. The IPFP method has an egalitarian approach which controls for disease prevalence. This method prevents the results from being dominated by high-prevalence diseases. It asks if all the diseases had the same in-flow and the same out-flux, what would be the best estimate of the comorbidity matrix, given the information on the empirical matrix? In other words, the IPFP method investigates comorbidity patterns controlled for individual disease prevalences. The Gloss method assesses link weight fluctuations on a global level. So this method is preferred when the task of the study is to compare comorbidity links globally, not focusing on a particular disease. That is, if the emphasis of the study is on links rather than the nodes. The Salience method is only relevant for disease trajectories globally and is not suitable for studying comorbidity statistics. The Salience method is suitable if, for instance, one would like to investigate the expected distance between certain diseases, that is, how many intermediate diseases it would typically take to develop disease B having developed disease A. The OER, ϕ, and DF methods have a local approach. The Gloss filter and the Salience method have global approaches. The IPFP method has a meso-scale approach. In what follows we calculate several conventional measures of node importance. We investigate the agreement between different networks on the importance profile of diseases. We denote the diseases by 3-digit ICD9 codes. Different measures for node importance Node Strength. For directed weighted networks, we can use the out-strength and in-strength to characterize nodal connectivity, as discussed above. Table 4 presents the top 5 diseases with highest in-strength, and Table 5 presents the top 5 diseases with highest out-strength. Table 4 Top 5 diseases with highest in-strength in different networks Table 5 Top 5 diseases with highest out-strength in different networks Eigenvector centrality. A basic measure to characterize the centrality of nodes in a network is the eigenvector centrality (Bonacich 1987). The basic intuition behind this measure is that important nodes are those that are connected to other important nodes. This yields a self-consistent linear set of equations that yields the centrality scores of nodes. Table 6 presents the top 5 diseases with highest eigenvector centrality for different networks. Table 6 Top 5 diseases with highest eigenvector centrality in different networks The rankings of top nodes show the differences between the networks constructed by the different methods. It is of note that eigenvector centrality tends to capture nodes with high in-strength. The OER and IPFP methods predominantly pick up pregnancy-related diagnoses, whose comorbidity links (preceding or following other diseases or conditions) to several different categories of diseases are well-researched (Desai et al. 2007; James et al. 2005; Brabin et al. 2001; Kittner et al. 1996). The major difference between pregnancy-related ICD codes (630-679) and other categories is cohesion. As shall be discussed below in Tables 19 and 20, the aggregated in-strength and out-strength of this category of nodes is not high as compared to other categories (it ranks among the bottom 5 in both cases), but interestingly, in terms of the weights of within-category links, this category has an outstandingly large share (it ranks second, after the diseases of the circulatory system). This means that the pregnancy-related nodes form a cohesive subnetwork. This dense clique-like structure is comprised of disease with intermediate-level prevalence with prevalence values all relatively close to one another. The OER coefficient is high for these disease pairs because in addition to high co-occurrence, all diseases have intermediate levels of prevalence, so the overestimation and underestimation tendencies of the OER method are not encountered. Another family of diseases that frequently have high values of eigenvector centrality in all network construction methods is the family of 28X diseases, which are the diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs. Notable diseases in this family include different types of anemia, Haemophilia, and diseases of white blood cells. Iron deficiency anemias (280) and ‘Other and unspecified anemias’ (285) appear consistently higher than Haemophilia. This is mainly caused by the high prevalence of 280 and 285 anemias (with prevalences 40,000 and 107,000, respectively), as compared to Haemophilia, whose prevalence is about 10,000 in our data set. Table 7 presents the mutual correlation coefficients for the eigenvector centrality of nodes computed for different networks. The IPFP method seems uncorrelated or negatively correlated with the other methods. Most methods are strongly correlated in terms of eigenvector centrality. The Salience method focuses on trajectories and distorts the degrees, so the eigenvector centrality of this method is weakly correlated with that of the other methods. The IPFP method changes the strengths and assigns new link weights after controlling for disease prevalences. The IPFP method has a strong negative association with the GloSS method, because by construction, the GloSS method rewards high-prevalence diseases and the IPFP method does the converse. Table 7 The correlation matrix for the eigenvector centrality of nodes between different networks PageRank. The second centrality measure that we use is the PageRank (Brin and Page 1998). The PageRank algorithm was originally used to characterize the importance of websites. This algorithm basically quantifies the likelihood that a person clicking randomly on links will arrive at a given website (Xing and Ghorbani 2004). This method simulates random walks on the network, with a damping factor that characterizes the probability that the walk terminates at any step and restarts at a node chosen uniformly at random. We set the damping factor equal to 0.85, which is conventional in the literature. Table 8 presents the results for the top 5 diseases with highest PageRank for different networks. An intuitive approximation is that PageRank tends to focus on nodes with high in-strength (Fortunato et al. 2006). This is confirmed by comparing Table 8 with Table 4; many of the top nodes are common between these two tables. Comparing Table 8 with Table 6, we observe that IPFP is returning different results—mostly conditions pertaining to the perinatal period. We point out that most of these diseases are not particularly highly-connected nodes in the raw network. Motivated by this observation, we can gain intuition about how IPFP works by noting that, when normalization of rows or columns is performed at each stage, nodes with large degrees can lose their weight if their neighbors are also of large degree. For example, consider the row-normalization step, where rows (and similarly columns) are normalized to add up to unity. At this step, a row that corresponds to a node with out-degree 100 who is connected with heavy and equal out-links to its 100 out-neighbors will become identical to a row corresponding to a node with out-degree 3 who is connected with light and equal out-links to its 3 out-neighbors. In other words, this method is capturing something that is inherently of a different nature than every other method considered here. Table 9 presents the correlation values for PageRank scores in different networks. Similar to the case of eigenvector centrality, IPFP is negatively correlated with every other method. This observation highlights the difference between IPFP and other methods, and invites more investigation into what this method extracts. Table 8 Top 5 diseases with highest PageRank in different networks Table 9 The correlation matrix for the PageRank of nodes between different networks Table 9 is also informative regarding the function of different methods. The PageRank scores of the raw network have a strong positive correlation with those in the ϕ, DF, and GloSS networks. The IPFP method shows a negative correlation, similar to the case of eigenvector centrality, because it punishes diseases with high prevalence and assigns a low strength to them, as discussed before. The Salience method constructs a network comprising entirely of non-mutual links and distorts the in-strength and out-strength patterns. The in-strength of most nodes are mapped to zero, because, as we discused above, the Salience method comprises mostly of highly-unequal substructures with peripheral nodes unidirectionally connected to core nodes. As mentioned above, the PageRank scores of nodes can be approximated with their in-strength (Fortunato et al. 2006). Since the Salience method maps the in-degrees of many nodes to zero (retaining only their out-links to highly-prevalent core nodes, as discussed above), the concomitant distortion in in-strengths results in a lower correlation between the PageRank of the Salience method and other networks. Hubs and authority. An alternative way we could characterize the importance of nodes in terms of in-flow and out-flow is to employ the HITS algorithm (Kleinberg 1999). The HITS algorithm is a simple and intuitive method that was originally devised to characterize the rankings of websites. This algorithm focuses on simultaneously finding hubs and authorities on the web. In that context, a hub is a website that is influential in directing users towards other highly-ranked websites, and an authority is a website which gets directed to by highly-ranked nodes. In the context of diseases, a hub would be a disease which, if developed, increases the risks of developing other diseases. An authority would be a disease that follows many other diseases. Table 10 presents the results for the top 5 diseases in terms of hubness in different networks. Comparing the results in Table 10 with those of Table 6, we observe that the hub-ness scores for all categories correlate highly with those of eigenvector centrality, except DF and Salience. Table 11 presents the correlation matrix for hubness. The hubness score is important in comorbidity studies because the hubs that the HITS algorithm nominates are universal senders, and in the context of comorbidity studies, these would pertain to diseases that substantially increase the risk of many other diseases, demanding more prevention and care. Table 11 shows that there is good agreement between the hub scores of different methods, so despite their structural differences, the hub score is robust and can be reliably used. The two usual exceptions are present here as well: the IPFP method, and the Salience method. These are expected because their tasks are different: the hubness scores of the IPFP method pertain to an alternative inflow-outflow comorbidity matrix where the prevalences are controlled for, and the Salience method only focuses on distances and trajectories rather than actual disease-disease relations. Table 12 presents the top 5 nodes for authority, and Table 13 presents the correlation matrix for authority scores. For the authority index too, there is good agreement between every method except IPFP and Salience. Table 10 Top 5 diseases with highest hub-ness scores in different networks, according to the HITS algorithm Table 11 The correlation matrix for the hubness score of nodes between different networks, according to the HITS algorithm Table 12 Top 5 diseases with highest authority scores in different networks, according to the HITS algorithm Table 13 The correlation matrix for the authority score of nodes between different networks, according to the HITS algorithm Betweenness centrality. Distance-based network measures capture different aspects of how essential a node is in the reachability between other pairs of diseases. Here we use betweenness centrality which characterizes the number of shortest paths between different disease pairs that pass through each given disease. There might be a disease that separates a dense module of diseases from the whole network, such that one would develop the diseases within the module only when one first develops this gate-keeper disease. Or, conversely, after developing a disease within the module, subsequent diseases outside the module occur typically after this gate-keeper disease is developed. Such a disease would have a high betweenness centrality. Another type of nodes that are typically characterized by high betweenness centrality are the core nodes in strong core-periphery structures, because to go from one peripheral node to another, one has to pass through the core nodes. So this measure is helpful in detecting this structural feature of diseases. Table 14 presents the top 5 nodes with highest betweenness centrality in the constructed networks. In the raw, OER, ϕ, DF, and Gloss networks, the top nodes are those with extremely high prevalence. The above-discussed core-ness underpins the high betweenness centrality of these nodes. The Salience method assigns high betweenness centrality scores to conditions pertaining to the perinatal period, which is potentially related to the first typical case of high betweenness mentioned above. That is, certain prenatal conditions act as gatekeeping conditions between conditions before birth and conditions after birth. The results of the IPFP method are less intuitive, consistent with the results for the previous measures. Table 15 presents the correlations across different networks. Table 14 Top 10 diseases with highest betweenness centrality Table 15 Correlation between the betweenness centrality of nodes across constructed networks Example application: the role of disease prevalence To get a better intuition into the network measures that we used to characterize diseases, we investigate the correlation between each network measure and disease prevalence in every constructed network. The results are presented in Table 16. In the raw network, every measure has a strong positive association with disease prevalence. Thus highly-prevalent diseases such as diabetes and hypertension receive a high score no matter the network measure used to characterize the diseases. Same is true for the DF and GloSS networks. In contrast, for the IPFP network, prevalence is negatively correlated with every network measure except hub and authority, and for the latter two the association is close to zero. For the Salience network, the correlation between the hub index and prevalence is negative. Together with the positivity of the correlation between the authority index and prevalence, this indicates that in the Salience network, high-prevalence nodes disproportionately receive in-flows and do not reciprocate. This is in contrast with every other method, where both of these correlations are positive, meaning that high-prevalence nodes are characterized by both large in-flows and out-flows. Table 16 The correlation between the network measures of diseases and disease prevalence, for different constructed networks Note that the exact value of prevalence for each disease cannot be recovered from the networks alone. This is due to the existence of disease progression trajectories with length greater than two. If every patient had a registry of form A →B, that is, only two diseases, then the prevalence of each disease would be simply the sum of the out-strength and in-strength of its corresponding node in the raw network. But because many instances of higher-order records such as A →B→C exist, and those with greater lengths, the prevalence information is lost. If we conceptualize the weighted links in the raw network as distinct links with unit weight, then in this picture, each link would represent exactly one patient if every disease trajectory had length one (that is, in the form A →B). But due to the presence of higher-order trajectories, more than one link can together pertain to a single patient, thus the prevalence information lost. However, Table 16 shows a strong correlation between the out-degree of diseases (about 0.95) and their prevalence. So if we did not have the prevalence data, we could use out-degree as a proxy for prevalence. It would be interesting to investigate if this correlation pattern between various network measures and prevalence would be replicated using data from other regions of the globe. Example application: shared genes and protein-protein Interactions We can use the results to investigate the relation to previous studies on disease networks, which in addition to comorbidity observations, incorporate other disease-disease linkages into the analysis. For example, in Ref. Park et al. (2009), the protein–protein interaction (PPI) and coexpression networks and the inter-disease network of shared genes are compared to the comorbidity records from US Medicare claims. Many observed comorbidity patterns are therefore linked to the shared PPIs and the shared genes of the diseases. For example, the significant comorbidity between Alzheimer’s disease and myocardial infarction is linked to their shared ACE and APOE genes. As another example, a PPI between the genes associated with the autonomic nervous system disorder and the carpal tunnel syndrome (IKBKAP and TTR, respectively) is suggested to contribute to the statistically-significant comobrnidity between these two diseases. We can investigate how the results of Ref. Park et al. (2009) are reflected in our constructed networks. Because of the link-focused nature of these results, we expect the local methods to be relevant here, which include the OER measure, the ϕ coefficient, and the DF method. In our data set, there are 747 cases where the Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed following myocardial infarction. All three methods deem this link as significant. There were 506 cases where, conversely, Alzheimer’s disease preceded. Only the DF method deemed this direction of the link as significant, which indicates that myocardial infarction attracts a significant share of the out-strength of the Alzheimer’s disease. This implies that conditional on having developed the Alzheimer’s disease, there is an elevated chance of later developing myocardial infarction. There were 38 cases were autonomic nervous system disorder is diagnosed prior to the carpal tunnel syndrome, and OER and ϕ deem this link as significant. There are 47 cases were the carpal tunnel syndrome precedes, and neither of the methods deem this direction of the link as significant. This highlights the strength of the directed characterization of the network over the undirected versions considered in the literature, because in addition to association between disease pairs, the distinction between the statistical properties of the two directions sheds light on which of the two diseases is more probable to cause the other, or at least to precede the other in the causal network that subsumes them both besides other covariates. Table 17 pertains to disease pairs that have OER>1.5 and are related via shared PPI or genes as deemed by Ref. Park et al. (2009). The table presents the percentage of such disease pairs that are deemed significant by different constructed networks. As expected, OER and ϕ have the best performance, and DF is also performing well. These three methods have a local focus, therefore, they are potent in detecting such link-based relations. The other methods, however, focus more on the global structure of the network, and as Table 17 shows, have poor performance for detecting such disease pairs, which matches the expectation. Table 17 Percentage of disease pairs retained by different constructed networks whose gene or PPI commonality are deemed significant by Ref. Park et al. (2009) Example application: negative comorbidity and protective effects As mentioned above, the ϕ coefficient and the OER measure can capture negative comorbidities, that is, cases where developing disease A is negatively associated with developing disease B. We can use the ϕ correlation to detect strong negative comorbidities, minding that distinguishing actual protection effects from mere negative associations obviously requires more rigorous causal analysis and is not within the scope of this paper. Throughout this paper, we only investigate associations. Here we consider several existing examples in the literature where such negative association has been suggested, and to check if our data replicates these findings. A famous example is the negative association between Alzheimer’s disease and various types of cancer (see Ref. Ma et al. (2014); Tabarés-Seisdedos et al. (2011) and references therein). We focus on the ICD9 codes 140 to 239, which pertain to the neoplasms category, and investigate how the ϕ and OER methods perform at capturing negative comorbidities. For the OER method, we look for significant links with OER < 1, and for the ϕ method, we look for significant links with ϕ<0. The ϕ method gives 29 distinct neoplasms exhibiting significant negative comorbidity with Alzheimer’s disease. The OER method detects 26 of those 29 links, and finds no links that the ϕ method had not. From these two sets, 27 neoplasms are deemed as significant by both methods. In the converse direction, where the initial diagnosis of a neoplasm is associated with reduced risk of subsequent Alzheimer’s disease, the ϕ method detects 30 neoplasms, and the OER detects a subset of them comprising 28 neoplasms. For the Alzheimer’s-neoplasm direction of negative comorbidities, the strongest negative association that the ϕ method returns pertains to secondary/unspecified malignant neoplasm of lymph nodes, and for the OER method, the strongest negative association pertains to benign neoplasm of kidney. In the neoplasm-Alzheimer’s direction, the first rank for the ϕ method is secondary malignant neoplasm of respiratory and digestive systems, and for the OER method the first rank belongs to malignant neoplasm of gallbladder and extra-hepatic bile ducts. Example application: pregnancy-related codes As discussed above, pregnancy-related codes are among the highly-comorbid codes in several constructed networks. We can use the different constructed networks to investigate these comorbidities. Most codes in the 630-679 range are highly connected to one another. Here we focus on comorbidity with codes outside this category. We consider ICD9 code 634 (spontaneous abortion) as an example. In the OER network, the diseases with the highest correlations that tend to precede 634 include 792 (nonspecific abnormal findings in other body substances), 282 (hereditary hemolytic anemias) and 218 (uterine leiomyoma). These links are also deemed significant by the ϕ method. These are in agreement with previous results in the literature (Serjeant et al. 2004; Pajor et al. 1993; Powars et al. 1986; Coronado et al. 2000; Klatsky et al. 2008). The only link OER, ϕ, DF, and IPFP methods all agree on is 792. Figure 7 shows the local graph of pregnancy related codes. As stated above, pregnancy-related codes are highly cohesive and each of them connects to many others. For better visualization, we sparsified the neighborhood networks as follows. For each node, we only retained the two pregnancy-related neighbors with highest weights and the two non-pregnancy codes with highest weights. In Fig. 7, the blue links are between pregnancy codes and the orange links are between pregnancy and non-pregnancy codes. We used the ϕ network. to generate this graph. Highly-connected nodes in this subnetwork are iron deficiency anemia and other types of anemias (Serjeant et al. 2004; Pajor et al. 1993; Powars et al. 1986) and Cholelithiasis (Ács et al. 2009; Dixon et al. 1987). Local network of pregnancy-related codes. The neighborhood of the pregnancy-related codes 630-679 as deemed significant by the ϕ method. The blue links are between pregnancy codes and the orange links are between pregnancy and non-pregnancy codes. Nodes sizes are proportional to in-strengths Example application: insight from coarse-grained networks We now construct a coarse-grained picture of the disease network based on the standard 17 categories of the ICD9 coding scheme (World Health Organization 2004). The list of the 17 categories are presented in Table 18, along with the number of 3-digit ICD9 codes contained within each category, percentage of 3-digit ICD9 codes contained within each category, number of diagnoses in the data set that pertain to diseases within each category, and the percentage of such diagnoses. Table 18 Partitioning the diseases into 17 categories according to the ICD9 codes to obtain a coarse-grained characterization of the disease networks Table 19 The percentage of the total link strength of the constructed networks that flows into and out of each of the 17 disease categories in the coarse-grained network Table 20 The sum of link weight and the percentage of total link weight of the constructed networks that fall within each of the 17 disease categories in the coarse-grained network The network properties of the 17-node coarse-grained networks are summarized in Table 19, which presents the percentage of the total link weight that flows into and out of each category. Table 20 presents the percentages of the total link weight of the network that falls within each disease category, that is, pertaining to links that connect two nodes that both belong to the same disease category. In the raw network, the highest self-flow belongs to category 7 (disease of the circulatory system), with almost 4% of the total link weight contained inside it. In every method except OER and IPFP, a comparatively high fraction of the total link weight of the network flows within category 7. This category includes, most notably, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and Ischemic heart disease. The second highest self-flow in the raw network belongs to category 11 (complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium). The OER network changes some of the self-flows markedly. In the OER network, category 11 has an outstandingly high self-flow. Its self-flow is almost the same as the self-flow of every other category combined. So the OER method assigns a high value to disease pairs that both belong to this category. The IPFP method also assigns an outstandingly high self-flow to this category. So, controlling for prevalence, diagnosis pairs that both belong to category 11 typically receive a high weight in the IPFP network. The Salience method assigns the most outstanding self-flow to category 11. In the Salience network, self-flow of category 11 exceeds the self-flows of every other category combined. This means that these diseases are highly central in the disease-disease trajectories, and the links between these diseases contribute to many shortest paths between every disease pair in the whole network. In Table 21, we present the rankings of the disease categories in terms of what fraction of the total link weight of the network flows out of each category. Except for the IPFP network, the highest out-strength of all networks either belongs to category 11 (complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium) or category 7 (disease of the circulatory system). Moreover, category 3 (endocrine/nutritional/metabolic/immunity disorders) is consistently high in out-strength across different networks. Table 21 Ranking of disease categories in terms of out-strength in the constructed networks Example application: comorbidity with the neoplasm category Many studies in the literature have demonstrated comorbidity patterns between different neoplasms and various other diseases (Mazza and Mitchell 2017; van Baal et al. 2011; Piccirillo et al. 2004; Piccirillo 2000; Fleming et al. 1999; West et al. 1996; Yancik et al. 1996). We can use the coarse-grained networks to investigate neoplasm-related comorbidity patterns. Since we are conditioning on neoplasm being the first diagnosed disease in comorbidity pairs, we can use the DF network. In the coarse-grained DF network, the out-links with the highest weights emanated from the neoplasm category are those to node 7 (diseases of the circulatory system, with 21% of the total link weight of the network), and node 3 (endocrine/nutritional/metabolic/immunity disorders, with 10% of the total link weight). Same is true for the OER and ϕ networks; the top two disease categories that follow neoplasms are 7 and 3. In this paper we provided a brief summary of some of the main existing methods in the network science literature that could be utilized to construct disease comorbidity networks from longitudinal hospital data. We showed that these methods capture different aspects of the comorbidity patterns, and one must note their properties and choose them according to the structural feature of interest. We presented several examples of the applications of these methods in studying different comorbidity relations, both for single diseases and disease groups. Methodological work in this domain is inchoate, similar to the field of network medicine itself. So there are many interesting unexplored problems of practical significance. Below we highlight a few of such problems. As discussed above, there are many cases in which a patient visits the hospital and multiple diseases are diagnosed and stored in the data set for the same visit. The temporal direction of such links is lost. We chose to discard such links and refrained from introducing noise to the data set by counting them as bidirectional. An interesting problem would be to infer the direction of these undirected links using edge recovery algorithms (Martin et al. 2016) (not to be confused with link prediction, where the task is to predict the existence of empirically-absent links). which can also be done as a byproduct of community-detection algorithms (Martin et al. 2016). One has to first devise an inference method which is applicable to weighted directed graphs. In the construction of the networks discussed in the text, we did not use the covariates, such as age and gender. The interplay between such covariates and structure is worth serious investigation. Manual investigation, such as separating the data for different sexes (such as in Ref. Chmiel et al. (2014); Jensen et al. (2014)) does provide insight, yet a systematic and algorithmic approach would be an interesting research problem. For example, it would be interesting to formulate the macro/meso properties of the comorbidity network, and the local properties of individual diseases, as a function of age. This would be an example of link metadata: a disease would be connected to another disease via multiple links whose metadata (age/sex) are different. In this case, unlike what we did in the present paper, one must not aggregate all the link weights into a single weight. Though methods that incorporate nodal metadata exists (for example, for community detection (Newman and Clauset 2016; Peel et al. 2017)), we are not aware of a systematic investigation for link-based metadata. A simpler approach for the age variable would be to divide the age variables into discrete categories to construct a multiplex network, where each layer represents an age group. Then methods for multiplex network analysis can be applied (e.g., those of community detection (De Bacco et al. 2017)). Perhaps more important would be to investigate multi-morbidity patterns. This would be the first step towards controlling for age. That is, if instead of comorbidity pairs, we limit the analysis to sets of, say, four diseases, the analysis would differ. We would look for the number of instances that the ordered set of diseases A−B−C−D have been diagnosed in the dataset. This probably evinces a more meaningful connection between these diseases, as opposed to only considering pairs separately. In other words, if there are many instances of A−B−C−D, this is probably more informative regarding the linkages of these diseases as compared to observing many A−B and B−C and C−D pairs separately. Considering longer chains in such a manner is more likely to capture actual disease progression pathways, because it reduces the likelihood that, for example, A simply happens to be a disease that disproportionately occurs in early ages, and D at later ages. Another interesting direction forward would be to incorporate death. One could add death as a new disease. We would obviously have $s_{\text {death}}^{\text {out}}=0$, but it would be instructive to study the in-links and the position of death in the disease network. More particularly, different diseases can be characterized as their distance to this reference node. The first step towards incorporating death into the disease network would be to check the relative network distance of certain diseases, or disease categories, to the death node, which characterizes how deadly those diseases or disease categories are. This also enables focusing the analyses on diseases that tend to appear late, and to characterize their relation to death, and to investigate if they have special properties in this regard. In addition to death, a more complete analyses would require the addition of a ‘noise’ node, which would represent unknown causes. Because currently, when a disease is diagnosed without any predecessor, it receives no in-link. This limits the analytical power to investigate the importance of unknown causes, which characterizes the likelihood that a healthy person would enter the disease comorbidity network. In other words, the inflow of the network (which represent new patients) all enter through this root node, whence they flow throughout the rest of the network. Finally, we remark upon the importance of distinguishing between the structural features of acute and chronic diseases in the comorbidity patterns. The temporal profile of comorbidity of disease A, if A is a chronic disease, looks like: {A}→{A,B}→{A,B,C}→…, because chronic diseases tend to persist, by definition. An alternative pattern could be {A}→{A,B}→{A,C}→…. On the contrary, if A is an acute disease, then the temporal pattern of comorbidities would look like {A}→{B}→{C}→…. These patters presumably undergird different mechanisms of comorbidity, because there is a difference between having a certain disease and having a history of it. 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Lancet Oncol 12(6):604–608. van Baal, PH, Engelfriet PM, Boshuizen HC, van de Kassteele J, Schellevis FG, Hoogenveen RT (2011) Co-occurrence of diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cancer: quantifying age patterns in the dutch population using health survey data. Popul Health Metrics 9(1):51. West, DW, Satariano WA, Ragland DR, Hiatt RA (1996) Comorbidity and breast cancer survival: a comparison between black and white women. Ann Epidemiol 6(5):413–419. World Health Organization (2004) International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Wu, Z, Braunstein LA, Havlin S, Stanley HE (2006) Transport in weighted networks: partition into superhighways and roads. Phys Rev Lett 96(14):148702. Xing, W, Ghorbani A (2004) Weighted pagerank algorithm In: Proceedings of the second annual conference on communication networks and services research CNSR 2004, 305–314.. IEEE, Fredericton, N.B. Yancik, R, Havlik RJ, Wesley MN, Ries L, Long S, Rossi WK, Edwards BK (1996) Cancer and comorbidity in older patients: a descriptive profile. Ann Epidemiol 6(5):399–412. Yıldırım, MA, Goh K-I, Cusick ME, Barabási A-L, Vidal M (2007) Drug—target network. Nat Biotechnol 25(10):1119–1126. Zhou, X, Menche J, Barabási A-L, Sharma A (2014) Human symptoms–disease network. Nat Commun 5:4212. This work was funded in part by the James S. McDonnell Foundation (BF, NM, and MAR). In order to access the data, we were required to obtain approval from our institutional review board and from the Commission d’accès à l’information du Québec. A condition of our access was that we are not permitted to share the data with other researchers. However, researchers can request access to the same data directly from the data holder, Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ), by following the process outlined on their website: www.ramq.gouv.qc.ca/fr/donnees-et-statistiques/donnees-sur-demande/Pages/ donnees-demande.aspx Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA Babak Fotouhi Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA Naghmeh Momeni Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Maria A. Riolo Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada David L. Buckeridge All authors contributed to every aspect of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Babak Fotouhi. Fotouhi, B., Momeni, N., Riolo, M. et al. Statistical methods for constructing disease comorbidity networks from longitudinal inpatient data. Appl Netw Sci 3, 46 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-018-0101-4 Weighted networks Null model Disease networks Network Medicine in the era of Big Data in Science and Healthcare	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2908
__label__wiki	0.827239	0.827239	Boat Buyer's Guide Boat Seller's Guide Tracker Pro Guide V-175 SC boats for sale in United States 21 Boats Available Currency $ - AUD - Australian Dollar $ - US Dollar $ - Canadian Dollar € - Euro £ - British Pound $ - Australian Dollar Kr - Swedish Krona Kč - Czech Koruna Ft - Hungarian Forint zł - Polish Złoty kr - Norwegian Krone kr - Danish Krone Fr. - Swiss Franc руб. - Russian Ruble $ - New Zealand Dollar Sort Sort Order Relevance Length (longest to shortest) Length (shortest to longest) Price (highest to lowest) Price (lowest to highest) Make (A to Z) Make (Z to A) Year (new to old) Year (old to new) Date Listed (new to old) Date Listed (old to new) Save This Boat Tracker Pro Guide V-175 SC Columbus, Ohio, United States Seller Sizzle Marine Bismarck, North Dakota, United States Seller Swenson RV & Marine - Bismarck ST. CLOUD, Minnesota, United States Seller Westre's Marine and Sport Anaheim, California, United States Seller Anglers Marine Lavalette, West Virginia, United States Seller The Great Outdoors Marine Seller Sport-O-Motive Inc. Allenton, Wisconsin, United States Seller All Out Marine, LLC Gainesville, Texas, United States Seller North Texas Marine South Portland, Maine, United States Seller Port Harbor Marine - South Portland, ME Gaylord, Michigan, United States Seller MEGA POWER SPORTS Greenville, North Carolina, United States Seller Big Rock Powersports & Marine of Greenville Saint Cloud, Minnesota, United States New Bern, North Carolina, United States Seller Big Rock Powersports Rocky Mount, North Carolina, United States Seller Twin County Motorsports Inc. Beaumont, Texas, United States Seller Premier Boating Centers - Beaumont, TX Jasper, Texas, United States Seller Premier Boating Centers - Jasper, TX * We weren't able to post your message, please check the highlighted fields and try again. We have sent your information directly to the seller. You may have entered incorrect information or the server is temporarily down. Please reload this page and try again later. Make: Tracker Model: Pro Guide V-175 SC Filter Boats By All New (19) All In Stock - New and Used (21) Aluminium Fish 4 - 8m Any 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 Any 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 to Browse all Classes placeholder Nr Length (longest to shortest) Length (shortest to longest) Price (lowest to highest) Make (A to Z) Make (Z to A) Date Listed (new to old) Date Listed (old to new) Pro Guide V-175 SC Aluminium Fish (14) boats.com About boats.com Glossary of Boating Terms Follow boats.com boats.com, 1221 Brickell Avenue, 23rd Floor, Miami, FL 33131, USA. boats.com is part of the Boats Group Network. Copyright © 1999-2021 Boats Group. All rights reserved.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2911
__label__wiki	0.931884	0.931884	Man Utd defender Fosu-Mensah joins Leverkusen Dutch defender Timothy Fosu-Mensah has signed for Bayer Leverkusen from Manchester United Manchester United's Dutch defender Timothy Fosu-Mensah has joined Bayer Leverkusen, it was announced Wednesday, after a lack of first-team opportunities at Old Trafford this season. The 23-year-old centre-back, with just over 100 minutes playing time in three games for United this season, has switched to the Bundesliga and joined Leverkusen on a contract until June 2024. His transfer reportedly cost Leverkusen around 1.7 million euros ($2 million). A product of Ajax's academy, Fosu-Mensah joined United in 2014, making 30 appearances, but has had few chances under Reds' manager Ole Gunnar Solskjaer since recovering from tearing knee ligaments which sidelined Fosu-Mensah for most of 2019/20. The Dutch international, who in previous seasons had loan spells at Crystal Palace and Fulham, has not played since appearing in United's 3-2 defeat at RB Leipzig in mid December which saw them knocked out of the Champions League. "Timothy Fosu-Mensah is a technically skilled, fast and physically strong defender who can be used both as a right-back and in the centre," said Leverkusen sports director Simon Rolfes. "By signing him, we also have another top alternative for (right-backs) Santiago Arias and Mitchell Weiser" both currently sidelined by long-term injuries. Leverkusen are currently third in the Bundesliga table, four points behind leaders Bayern Munich, ahead of Friday's Bundesliga game at Union Berlin. ryj/nr	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2912
__label__wiki	0.971698	0.971698	PSG boss will always think of Tottenham Phil Blanche Mauricio Pochettino says his old club Tottenham will remain in his heart after becoming Paris St Germain's head coach. Pochettino was unveiled before the Parisian press on Tuesday after signing a contract at the Parc des Princes until the summer of 2022 with the option of a further year. It's the 48-year-old Argentinian's first job since leaving Tottenham in November 2019, little more than five months after leading Spurs to the Champions League final. Pochettino said it was difficult to compare his new French club with his old English one, but he will always keep fond memories of Tottenham. "It is difficult to be objective with Tottenham, because it is still in our hearts and we love Tottenham," he said ahead of his first game on Wednesday, PSG's Ligue 1 trip to St Etienne. "It is a relationship that is never going to stop. "We are always going to think about the club, but now I think it is time for us not to compare and to be 100 per cent focused on Paris St Germain." With the transfer window now open, Pochettino has already been linked with a host of stellar names. Barcelona superstar Lionel Messi is supposedly on his shopping list as are two of his former Tottenham players, Christian Eriksen and Dele Alli. Eriksen's move to Inter Milan this time last year has not worked out as well as the Denmark playmaker would have hoped, while England midfielder Alli has found game-time difficult under Pochettino's Spurs successor, Jose Mourinho. "Any big player in the world, I think, is always welcome at Paris St Germain," Pochettino said. "But I don't need to speak about rumours. The reality is we have just arrived and we are working hard with the players who are available and the players who need to get back from injury. "Paris St Germain is a club with direct structures in place and always keeping an eye on a wide range of players. Addressing the coronavirus pandemic, Pochettino - who played for PSG between 2001 and 2003 - said it was a "difficult time for everyone". "Since we arrived in Paris on January 2 it has been a crazy period for us, trying to adapt to a new club," he said. "But I know what Paris stands for. Santa Claus was generous with me to get me back here. "It is a chance for me to fulfil a dream by rejoining the club where I played 20 years ago." Tsunoda set for extra pre-season test day at Imola The 2021 WEC season entry list in full WEC reveals 2021 entry, Glickenhaus names first drivers	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2913
__label__wiki	0.908004	0.908004	Jake Levy to Join the National Tour of Anastasia September 16th, 2019 \| By Ryan Gilbert Welcome to your Petersburg! Rising theater star Jake Levy will assume the principal role of Dmitry in the North American tour Anastasia beginning October 8 in Los Angeles, CA. This will mark Levy’s national tour debut as the road production of Anastasia embarks on its second season. Levy earned his Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in musical theater from UCLA in 2018. He originated the role of Dwayne in the off-Broadway production of Superhero, a new musical by Tom Kitt and John Logan, at the Second Stage Theater in NYC. Levy’s other stage credits include Carrie, Carousel and Pippin. Levy will join current cast members Lila Coogan as Anya, Jason Michael Evans as Gleb, Joy Franz as Dowager Empress, Tari Kelly as Countess Lily, Edward Staudenmayer as Vlad and Delilah Rose Pellow as Little Anastasia. From the Tony Award-winning creators of the Broadway classic Ragtime and inspired by the beloved films, Anastasia transports audiences from the twilight of the Russian Empire to the euphoria of Paris in the 1920s, as a brave young woman sets out to discover the mystery of her past. Pursued by a ruthless Soviet officer determined to silence her, Anya enlists the aid of a dashing conman and a lovable ex-aristocrat. Together, they embark on an epic adventure to help her find home, love, and family. Anastasia features a book by Terrence McNally, a score by Stephen Flaherty (music) and Lynn Ahrens (lyrics), and direction by Darko Tresnjak. Visit BroadwayAcrossAmerica.com to find out when the Anastasia tour is headed to your city. More Buzz About Anastasia	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2914
__label__wiki	0.62379	0.62379	“Our live show is not about us at all, its about them, the audience. It's about seeing them smiling, happy, singing, raising their hands and living in the moment. We are all on this journey together...we are just the bus drivers.” — Jeff Congo Austin Park is a Modern Rock/Country band from Jacksonville, FL, formed by singer/ songwriter Jeff Congo and drummer Tim Crawford. Since forming in 2005, the band has performed over 1,000 shows, performing in venues like Tootsies Word Famous Orchid Lounge in Nashville, TN, The Jacksonville Landing in Jacksonville, FL, and GTMO - Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and has provided direct support for a list of national recording artists. After performing a showcase at the World-Famous Tootsies Orchid Lounge in Nashville, TN that proved a worthwhile trip, the band began working with Sal Oliveri, a well-known Nashville Producer who has worked with a number of Major Recording Artists such as Pink, Carrie Underwood, Jimmy Allen and Keith Urban. Their sophomore EP titled, "Whiskey with the Truth," features Nashville songwriters The Warren Brothers (The Highway Don't Care - Tim McGraw, Red Solo Cup - Toby Keith, Little Bit of Everything - Keith Urban), and Jason Mizelle, and includes Nashville greats Dan Dugmore on Pedal Steel and Jerry McPhereson on guitar. The first single titled "Seen You Sober," can be heard now on iHeart Country music stations around the southeast! "Invisible" http://www.news4jax.com/river-city-live/river-city-beats-at-1904-music-hall-jeff-congo	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2915
__label__wiki	0.736239	0.736239	James Butler Hickok James Butler Hickok (1837-1876), American gun-fighter, scout, and spy, brought law to the untamed West. In his lifetime he became the symbolic western hero. James Hickok was born on May 27, 1837, in Troy Grove, III. The Hickok family was abolitionist and evidently schooled him in the "genteel tradition." In 1855 he left home for Kansas. He filed land claims in Johnson County and apparently wanted to become a farmer. By 1858, after serving briefly as constable, Hickok was working for the famous express company Russell, Majors and Waddell. Early in 1861 the firm stationed him at their Rock Creek, Nebr., station as assistant stock tender. There Hickok and fellow employees killed David McCanles and his two companions, who had come—unarmed—to collect the delinquent payments on the Rock Creek station land. Tried for murder, Hickok and the express company workers pleaded self-defense and were acquitted. During the Civil War, Hickok served the Union forces creditably as wagon master, scout, and spy. Just after the war, while gambling, Hickok killed David Tutt, a former Confederate, in the prototype setting for later stories and movies—an iron-nerved shoot-out in the public square of Springfield, Mo. Tried for murder, he was again acquitted. Shortly afterward an inflated story about Hickok was published in Harper's Magazine, and from this grew the legend of "Wild Bill, " the western hero. Early in 1866, as deputy U.S. marshal at Fort Riley, Kans., Wild Bill was told to establish order. Conditions were close to chaos, with growing enmity between emigrant train scouts and discontented soldiers. Hickok quieted the fort. When the ordinarily reticent and soft-spoken marshal shouted, "This has gone far enough, " it usually intimidated even the most unruly. If not, his fist or pistol barrel reinforced his voice. Later he rounded up deserters, horse thieves, and illegal timber cutters. He also gambled and drank. In late 1869 Hickok became sheriff of Hays City, Kans., where drinking, gambling, and prostitution often led to violence. In 4 months as sheriff there Hickok helped establish law and order, although in doing so he killed two men. The lawless element understandably resented Hickok, and several attempts were made on his life. Thus he developed a habit of standing or sitting with his back to a wall. Hickok appeared briefly in a Wild West show before becoming city marshal of Abilene, Kans., in 1871. Abilene was a railhead, and many cowboys ended their trail drives with pistol shots and uninhibited drinking. Once again Hickok used weapons and threats to keep order. In October one man was killed by Hickok's bullet during a group "spree." A policeman was also killed by running into the cross fire. Citizens supported Hickok's actions, but he was discharged in December. Hickok was about 6 feet tall, with a good physique and pale blue eyes. He often wore fancy shirts, a red vest, the latest design in trousers, and a flat, wide-brimmed hat. Many thought him handsome, and women found him attractive. In manner he reflected the genteel tradition of quiet courtesy. During 1872 and 1873 Wild Bill drifted around Kansas and Missouri gambling. Once he wrote to a St. Louis newspaper denying he had been killed by some Texans. He next appeared in Cheyenne and stayed nearby during 1874 and 1875. Here Wild Bill probably met "Calamity Jane" Cannary. He married a widowed circus owner in Cheyenne in 1876. He also gambled considerably and was several times dubbed a vagrant and ordered out of town. Hickok left Cheyenne for the Black Hills soon after his marriage, arriving at Deadwood, Dakota Territory, in July with "Colorado Charlie" Utter and Calamity Jane. He looked briefly for a mining claim and gambled in various saloons. On Aug. 2, 1876, while playing cards, he was shot in the back of the head; Hickok had forgotten to keep his back to the wall. His hand—two aces, two eights, and a jack—became known as the "dead man's hand." Further Reading on James Butler Hickok Frank J. Wilstach, Wild Bill Hickok: The Prince of Pistoleers (1926), is interesting and fairly accurate. Well researched and factually correct is Joseph G. Rosa, They Called Him Wild Bill: The Life and Adventures of James Butler Hickok (1964). Another reliable work is William Elsey Connelley, Wild Bill and His Era (1933). A useful biography is Richard O'Connor, Wild Bill Hickok (1959). Kent Ladd Steckmesser, The Western Hero in History and Legend (1965), is a study of the folklore that created myths about the West and its rugged heroes.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2922
__label__cc	0.609443	0.390557	/ CULTURE Collection of beautiful lakes of Azerbaijan Baku, March 26, AZERTAC Lakes, wherever they are, always attract people who want to enjoy a serene rest in the bosom of nature. About 450 large and small lakes of various origins are known in Azerbaijan. Only a small number of them are accessible for tourists, because many lakes are located far from tourist places or in protected areas. That's why in our review we also included artificial lakes, around which are concentrated picturesque places for rest, attracting a lot of nature lovers in the season. Sarisu and Aggol Sarisu is the largest lake in Azerbaijan (not counting the Caspian Sea). This natural reservoir, with an area of about 65.7 square kilometers, a length of 22 km and a width of up to 3 km, is located on the territory of two districts - Imishli and Sabirabad. Places in which the lake is located, it is difficult to call tourist, but it is of great interest for wildlife lovers. The shoreline of Sarisu, consisting mainly of wetlands and swamps, attracts up to 350,000 migratory birds in winter. This is a real expanse for fans of bird watching. In addition, the lake is rich in various fish and is used for fishing. Sarisu is a freshwater lake and it is fed from several sources, including the channel running from Lake Aggol - another beautiful lake, valuable from the point of view of nature conservation areas. This lake, with an area of 2.8 thousand hectares, is located on the territory of the Aggol National Park. Wetlands located here, in which waterfowl live, are included in the list of the Ramsar Convention and are considered a reserve of world significance. Goy-Gol, Maral Gol and other mountain pearls The natural mountain lake Goy-Gol, perhaps the most beautiful and famous of the natural reservoirs of Azerbaijan, is located in the Goygol district, 25 km south of Ganja city, on the northern slopes of Murovdag mountain, at an altitude of 1,576 meters above sea level. The lake was formed as a result of a devastating earthquake that occurred near Ganja on September 30, 1139, during which the top of the mountain Kapaz collapsed in the gorge of the Agsu river. The formed dam is the lake Goy-Gol. The area of the lake is 0.79 sq km, the length is 2.5 km, and the width is 0.6 km at the widest point. The coastline of the lake stretches for 6460 m, the average depth of the reservoir is 30 m, and in the deepest place reaches 93 m. In order to preserve the rare nature, flora and fauna of these places in 1965, the Goy-Gol Nature Reserve was established. The northern shore of Lake Goy-Gol and its surroundings are a popular recreation area. It is believed that the air of these places is beneficial for people suffering from respiratory and nervous system diseases. Around the lake there is a resort zone Hajikend, - a favorite holiday destination for tourists in the summer, where there are various tourist centers and boarding houses. Several tourist routes also pass through these places. Recreation zone Hajikent is located on the north-eastern slope of the Minor Caucasus mountain range, in the Kurekchay river basin. From the east, Hajikent is washed by the waters of the Gorancay River, on the west it borders the Ganjachai River, and from the south it is bordered by the mountain range Murovdag. The territory of Hajikent is located in the administrative department of the city of Ganja and Goygol district. In the resort zone of Gadzhikent at an altitude of 1450 m above sea level, natural mineral springs of Turshsu are also located. On the territory of the resort area of Hajikent, in addition to Lake Goy-Gol, there are several picturesque mountain lakes, among them Maral Gol, Gush Golu, Gara Gol, Ag Gol, Shamla Gol, etc. Most of these lakes were formed simultaneously with Goy-Gol, as a result of the earthquake in 1139. By the way, if you go from the administrative center of Goygol district - the city of Goy-Gol to Hajikent, you can see the ancient temple of the times of Caucasian Albania, located on a hill just above the roadway. In addition, along the road to Hajikent, there are numerous bakeries in which traditional Azerbaijani bread is baked in tandyrs. Travelers like to buy this fragrant hot bread, with a crispy ruddy crust. Another jewel in the collection of mountain lakes in Azerbaijan is Lake Batabat. This amazing blue topaz is located in the mountains of Shahbuz district in Nakhchivan, at an altitude of 2500 meters above sea level, at the headwaters of the Nakhchivan River. Picturesque pond in spring and summer is surrounded by greenery and flowers of alpine meadows. The lake is remarkable for its purest water and a floating peat island, which constantly moves along its mirror surface. The climate in these places is subtropical, with mild snowy winters and dry summers. The resort area around the lake is also famous for its numerous mineral springs. Not far from Lake Batabat there is an astrophysical observatory and another local lake - Ganlygol. Nohurgol Lake of artificial origin - Nohurgol, surrounded by wooded hills - a popular recreation area in Gabala. This pond is famous for its clear water and magnificent views. In the vicinity of Nohurgol is well-developed tourist infrastructure. Here you can rent boats and catamarans to ride on the lake. Or make a walk along the shore on horseback accompanied by an instructor. Nearby there are many cafes and restaurants offering dishes of national cuisine. You can also spend the night in guest houses. There is also the hotel of the famous world network Chenot Palace Health Wellness Hotel. Leaving Gabala, do not forget to buy local canned food and jam, in a large assortment of products sold on improvised counters throughout the district. Mingachevir Reservoir Another picturesque pond of artificial origin - the largest in Azerbaijan, due to its size is often called the Mingachevir Sea. Its appearance is connected with the main town-forming enterprise and the symbol of the city of Mingachevir - a hydroelectric power station on the Kura River - the largest hydroelectric power station in Azerbaijan. In the old days, the unruly Kur was bursting out of the gorge of the eastern range of Bozdag and flowing over the Kura-Araks lowland. The hydroelectric power plant was able to curb the wayward river. The decision to build it was made in July 1945. Mingachevir HPS was built for 9 years and was put into operation in 1954. The dam of the Mingachevir HPS is one of the largest in the world. Its height is 81 m, the length is 1,550 m, and the volume is 15.6 million m3. The dam of the Mingachevir Hydroelectric Power Station has become an Obstacle to the natural course of the Kura River, forcing it to spill and flood many miles of land around: underwater, even left a few villages whose population was previously relocated to a new place of residence. So Mingachevir reservoir was formed, with an area of 605 sq. km, located 3 km north-west of the city. Its length is more than 70 km, the greatest width is 18 km, the average depth is 27 m, and the maximum is 83 m. In addition to the fact that water from the reservoir is used for the development of energy and agriculture, the Mingachevir Sea has become a favorite vacation spot for locals and tourists. In Soviet times, there was a boarding health resort of Union importance, which gathered many thousands of tourists from all over the country during the season. And today, on numerous beaches of the reservoir (there are about 10 of them, along the bays of the left coast) is always crowded. The beach season in Mingachevir begins in May, and lasts until the end of September, the average temperature of the water is 23-30 degrees. Immediately upon arrival, vacationers find themselves on the public city beach. There is a well developed recreation infrastructure, water rescue services. In 2013, the city authorities carried out a thorough reconstruction of the coast: soft soil was brought, couches, shower cabins and changing rooms were equipped. On the beach operates a cafe, a volleyball court, as well as a service for renting motor boats and catamarans. Those who wish can ride a water scooter under the supervision of an experienced instructor. Attention is also attracted by a beautiful overpass, built on the water, from which it is convenient to contemplate the local surroundings and the smooth surface of the lake that extends far beyond the horizon. Along the coast, where it is shallow, the water acquires a turquoise hue, gradually thickening the colors to the azure to the middle of the reservoir, which makes the general panorama of the bay reminiscent of the French Riviera or even tropical beaches. For completeness, the picture is missing only coconut palms scattered here and there. The bay is chosen by waterfowl. From the overpass are clearly visible colonies of cormorants, located on rocks, over the water flies flock of gulls, somewhere at a distance ducks dive for fish. It should be noted that the fish in Kura are abundant. It is home to pike perch, catfish, vobla, bream and other species. If you take the gear with you, then you can have a lot of fishing here. Shamkir Reservoir Here is another example of how a popular tourist site has appeared thanks to a hydroelectric power station. This reservoir is located in the Shamkir region of Azerbaijan. Shamkir HPS cascade intended for power supply of the Western region of the republic includes Shamkir and Yenikend hydroelectric power stations. The first unit of the Shamkir HPS was put into operation in 1982, and the Yenikend station was put into operation in 2000. During the construction of the first hydroelectric power station, a working village called Kur was established here; today it is a densely populated residential area with 10 thousand inhabitants. As usual, the artificial reservoir, formed as a result of construction of a dam on the Kur River, quickly became a popular holiday destination for residents and guests of Shamkir. Around this picturesque pond is always lively. On the slopes of the reservoir there are many cafes and restaurants serving visitors, where you can taste fresh Kur fish, various dishes of national cuisine, drink tea with sweets and, if desired, enjoy the performance of representatives of the popular ashug and khanende folk art here. For a small fee, local talents are ready to give you a personal concert. From the terrace of the restaurants you can see a beautiful view of the reservoir, and even the dams of the hydroelectric power station on the opposite side of the reservoir, which look quite intriguing on the background of orange sandy hills, somewhat resembling an ancient temple in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. Emil Eyyubov AZERTAG.AZ :Collection of beautiful lakes of Azerbaijan	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2924
__label__wiki	0.542753	0.542753	Home All Articles Two Years of Radio Raikkonen Two Years of Radio Raikkonen Joe Diamond He came, he went, he came back again, and now he’s going. Again. With Kimi Raikkonen moving to pastures new – well old and new – Joe Diamond takes a look back at his turbulent two-year stint with Lotus F1. The Iceman left a significant hole in the sport when he departed the paddock at the end of 2009, after a turbulent relationship with Ferrari finally came to a head. Many were delighted to see F1’s Flying Finn return with Lotus F1 at the start of 2012, after two seasons of driving sideways very quickly between trees, and even a brief stint over in the States driving left – a lot – in a truck. But let’s not forget what makes Kimi who he is – speed. Largely considered to be amongst the crème-de-la-crème of Formula One drivers (he is a World Champion with Ferrari after all) he soon started to establish himself once again as a front-runner, taking 2nd in the Bahraini Grand Prix, just shy of victory behind some one-trick pony called Sebastian Vettel. It was this podium that triggered run of 25 consecutive points finishes for Kimi, and in doing so surpassing the record of another one-hit wonder German called Michael Schumacher. Through his consistency, Raikkonen soon resumed his role as a title challenger, dicing with Fernando Alonso, Lewis Hamilton and Vettel throughout the season for top honours in the 2012 championship. Off-track he was winning just as many fans as he was on, with a quite funny and very likable relaxed attitude to everything, especially cameras and microphones. In-fact, Sky Sports F1 actually went to the lengths of creating a feature on in the Finn, entitled “Kimi’s Quote of the Week” – often just a simple “Yes” or “No”. Did somebody say Mika Hakkinen? It must be a Finnish thing… PR friendly as always – Photo: Lotus F1/LAT Kimi Raikkonen’s season closing victory in the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix was perhaps the most popular of the season, partly down to the close-but-no-cigar reputation gathering pace for Lotus and their drivers. Nonetheless, Kimi held off Alonso in the latter stages to take the win, his first since the 2009 Belgium Grand Prix and the team’s first in the guise of Lotus F1. However let’s not lose sight of priority in this look back at Kimi’s time in black-and-gold, because it was of course Abu Dhabi 2012, that played host to the perhaps the greatest radio message in modern F1 history. We won’t quote it, you’ve probably got the t-shirt. And despite recent turbulence, 2013 has hardly been a poor year for the Finland/Enfield combination either. The duo stole a march in the opening race of the season to take victory Down Under, before continuing their crusade on the points-paying finishes. Perhaps the Finn’s finest 2013 moment came in Monaco when, after a clash with Sergio Perez, Kimi found himself in 13th at the start of the final lap, out of the points. Miraculously, roughly 1 minute and 15 seconds later on the twisting streets of the Principality, he crossed the line in 10th. Blimey. With Raikkonen moving back to Ferrari for 2014, it’s sad that the Lotus/Kimi partnership is at an end (curtailed of course by Kimi’s back surgery keeping him out of Austin and Interlagos). The team’s laid-back stance on PR work and Raikkonen’s anti-celebrity preferences has at times worked a dream, in the same way that a phenomenally fast and front-running team has over the past two seasons. OK, so things may have turned sour with cash-flow issues and a seemingly crumbling relationship under the surface, but one cannot over look the good in terms of fanbbase, reputation and results that Lotus F1 has done for Kimi Raikkonen and vice-versa. Photo: Lotus F1/LAT Previous articleUSA Grand Prix – F1 TV Times Next articleHowdy Partner! Vettel Grabs Pole Positon in the USA Freelance Badger GP Contributor “TOP GUN” – Coulthard and Hamilton Friday Free Practice in Malaysia The Top Dog for Hungary is…	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2926
__label__wiki	0.914556	0.914556	5 November 2013: ICT-1 Daily Summary –Motiur Rahman Nizami, Closing Statements; Abdus Sobhan, Pre-Trial Submissions Despite a 60-hour nationwide Hartal that kept ICT-2 out of session today, ICT-1 proceeded to hear matters in the following cases: Chief Prosecutor vs. Motiur Rahman Nizami Chief Prosecutor vs. Abdus Sobhan In the case against Abdus Sobhan, today was set for defense hearing on charge matter. However, the Defense sought adjournment for a week. The Tribunal granted the motion and adjourned the proceedings of the case until 18 November 2013. In the case against Motiur Rahman Nizami, the Prosecution continued submissions for the third day. The Prosecution made pre-trial submissions on charge 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 and 16. Thereafter, the Tribunal adjourned the proceedings of the case until tomorrow, 6 November 2013. Charge no 2 It is alleged that on 10 May 1971 in a meeting at Baousgari Ruposhi primary school, Nizami told the villagers that Pakistani Army would come soon. On 14 May 1971 the Pakistani Army came to their village with Razakars and surrounded the villages of Baousgari, Ruposhi and Demra. They picked up about 450 civilians, whom they shot and killed. It was alleged that Nizami’s 10 May 1971 meeting at Bousgari Ruposhi Primary School prima facie establishes that the said crimes of 14 May 1971 were premeditated and commissioned with Nizami’s knowledge. The charge claimed that Nizami is responsible for conspiracy and the killing, raping and deportation of the civilians; Nizami allegedly conspired to commit crimes under section 3(2)(g) of the ICT Act 1973 and commit crimes against humanity specified in section 3(2)(a) of the ICT Act 1973 and under 4(1) and 4(2) of the ICT Act 1973. To support this charge, the Prosecution relied on and read the testimonies of Aynul Haque, Prosecution Witness 9; Shamsul Huq alias Nannu, Prosecution Witness 11; and Jahurul Haque, Prosecution Witness 18. Md Aynul Haque testified that he was a teacher at Rupashi Primary School. He testified that in February, he learned from the newspaper that Motiur Rahman Nizami is the secretary of the Pakistani Islami Chhatra Shangho (student wing of Jamaat-e-Islami). Aynul testified that on 10 May 1971 he saw the Rupashi Primary School headmaster sitting with 10 or 12 people. He stated that he spoke with the headmaster and learned that the group came to form a peace committee. He further testified that, pointing toward a man, the headmaster named Motiur Rahman Nizami. Aynul stated that he already knew of the ‘Traitor Asad,” who was known as traitor since he collaborated with Pakistani military. Aynul remarked that around 6 or 6:30am on 14 May 1971, his maternal uncle informed him that the Pakistani Army raided Demra, Rupashi and part of Baousgari. To survive, Aynul left the area with others. He testified that around 11 or 11:30am, he saw a flying helicopter as well as fumes and flames, and heard the firing sounds. Around 12 or 1 in the afternoon, he saw a man coming from the raided area who told them that many people had been killed inside the raided area. On the following day, 15 May 1971, Aynul came back to his village in the morning and got the corpses of 300 to 350 people in the Baousgari Pagar, which is now known as the mass grave of Baousgari; these corpses included those of his maternal uncle Asgor Ali Pramanik, uncle AKM Fakir, cousin Ahesh Fakir, Afil Fakir, Jamal Uddin Pramanik, one of his student Moksed Ali, Ram Jogonnath Roy, Boloram Roy, Monindro Nath Nondi, Dilip Kumar Roy, Nirmolendu Nath Roy, Gora Babu, and Abdul Jobbar. He said that he buried the corpses of his maternal uncle Asgor Ali Pramanik and other relatives without praying Janaza (last prayer). He stated that the relatives of the Muslim victims took away the corpses of their relatives and that the corpses of the Hindu victims were buried in the spot. He noted that in the evening, he learned that the Pakistani Army also raped women and that traitor Asad and his accomplices took the Pakistani Army into his (Aynul’s) area. He testified that traitor Asad was involved with the politics of Jamaat-e-Islami. The Witness later heard that, feeling ashamed about the rape victims, traitor Asad left the country for India. Shamsul Haque (alias Nannu), Prosecution Witness 11, testified that at around 10 or 11 in the morning on 10 May 1971, Nizami, Maulana Abdus Sobhan, Maulana Ishaq, Rafiqun Nabi Bablu, traitor Asad, and others came to the Ruposhi Primary School headmaster’s office. Nannu stated that Nizami suggested the formation of a Peace Committee in that meeting; Nizami also allegedly said that Pakistani forces would soon come to the area to bring peace and instructed them to help. Nannu claimed that he was in Demra at the time, and, once informed of the incident, came to the school and saw Nizami, Maulana Abdus Sobhan, Maulana Ishaq, Rafiqun Nabi Bablu, and traitor Azad leaving the headmaster’s office towards Sathia. He confirmed that he heard the same thing when he asked the headmaster about the meeting. Nannu testified that on 14 May 1971 during the Azan of the Fazr prayer (call for morning prayer), Nizami, Rafiqun Nabi, Maulana Abdus Sobhan and Asad raided the Ruposhi, Baousgari and Demra village with the Pakistani Army; they fired and killed unarmed, innocent people with the intention to destroy the Bengali. Nannu claimed that 450 persons were killed, including Asgor, Ahes, Waz, Apple, Aken, Abdur, Moksed, Khorshed, Abul, Jomiron, Khuderam, Balaram Ray, Dilip Kumar Ray, Monindra Nondi, Alam Pramanik. He described the attack as systematic and premeditated. He testified that the Pakistani Army, Nizami and his group set 137 houses, shops, educational institutions and mosque on fire. He testified that 30 to 40 women were raped in the incident. Nannu further commented that the Pakistani Army took away two college students, Shikha and Shila, who remain traceless. At the time of the incident, Nannu was allegedly at his friend Renua’s home. Upon hearing firing, he did not feel safe and left the house to escape. Nannu testified that when he came out from Renua’s house, he saw from the road that Nizami, Rafiqun Nabi, Maulana Abdus Sobhan, Maulana Ishaq and Asad were pointing towards people and the Pakistani Army would kill them. In fear, Nannu hid himself in a drain at the paddy field. He stated that he had seen girls being forcibly taken by thePakistani Army as well. Nannu allegedly went to the area after the Pakistani Army left, and he claimed that by the instruction, order and conspiracy of Nizami, the activists of Al-Badr committed crimes against humanity such as killing, looting and arson in different part of Pabna Zilla. The Prosecution argued that Nannu’s testimony corroborated the testimony of Aynul Haque, Prosecution Witness 9. Zahurul Haque, Prosecution Witness 18, testified that on 13 May 1971 he and his friends Motahar Hossen, Rohiz Uddin, Altab Hossen, Abdul Khalek and others started to prepare for liberation war in Abdur Jabbar, located at Bausgari, Sathia. He stated that while preparing, he came to know from Aynul Huq, headmaster of Ruposhi Primary School, that on 10 May 1971 Motiur Rahman Nizami, the then Secretary of Islami Chhatra Shangho, along with ten to twelve collaborators came to Ruposhi Primary School and held a discussion. In the meeting, Nizami told them that Pakistani Occupation Force would be coming soon to form a Peace Committee. Zahurul further testified that Nizami said that they had to form a Razakar and Al-Badr force and that Nizami further asked them to help the Pakistani Occupation Force. Zahurul further stated that on 14 May 1971 after the Fazr prayer, he woke up from the sound of firing. He started to walk to the road and hid himself behind a bush, where he allegedly saw Nizami, Asad, Qader, Sattar, some collaborators and a group of the Pakistani Army indiscriminately firing and going toward the south side of the road. Zahurul testified that he along with his friends then went toward the canal on the east side of their village and that after six to seven hours they (Zahurul and others) returned to Baushgari and saw 400 Hindu and Muslim corpses. Zahurul learned from witnesses from the area that in the instruction and presence of Nizami, the Pakistani Occupation Force gathered and killed them by indiscriminate firing. Zahurul stated that among the corpses, he identified Abdur Jobbar, Azgor Ali, Muksed Ali, Idris Ali, Aken Ali, Molom Pramanik, Kolom Pramanik, Waez Uddin, Sree Bolram Das, Upendra Nath, Jethendro Nath and 50 or 60 others. The Prosecution submitted that the testimonies of these three Prosecution Witnesses corroborated each other and confirmed Nizami’s presence. He further submitted that the charge was proved beyond reasonable doubt. It is alleged that from the beginning of May 1971, Nizami as a leader of Islami Chhatra Shangho along with other leaders of Jamaat-e-Islami regularly visited the Physical Training Institute, Mohammadpur, which was a training center for various auxiliary forces including Razakars and Al-Badr. It is alleged that the Physical Training Institute, Mohammadpur, was a detention camp and torture center where practical arrangements were made to eliminate victims. Nizami allegedly visited the Physical Training Institute as leader of Islami Chhatra Shangho and Al-Badr Bahini and conspired to commit crimes under section 3(2)(g) of the ICT Act 1973 and complicit in torture, murder and rape as crimes against humanity specified in section 3(2)(a), 3(2)(h), 4(1) and 4(2) of the ICT Act 1973. In support of this charge, the Prosecution relied on the testimonies of Prosecution Witness 2 and Prosecution Witness 3, Zahir Uddin Jalal and Rustom Ali Mollah respectively. Rustom Ali Mollah, Prosecution Witness 3, testified that during the Liberation War he resided in the Muhammadpur Physical Training College staff quarter with his father, where his father was a clerk and Security guard. He stated that the Panjabi army set up camp at the Physical Training College on 26 March 1971 and brought more than 150 EPR members from Pilkhana and kept them captive. That same day, the Pakistani army also allegedly brought some intellectuals, artists, doctors and others to the camp. Rustom testified that the persons who were brought to this camp were tortured to death. Rustom testified that 4 to 5 months after this camp Razakar was set up, Al-Badr transformed it into a training centre,where he saw Motiur Rahman Nizami, Ghulam Azam and Mujaheed go. The Razakars on duty at the gate told him that they were their leaders. Rustom added that that was the first day he saw and came to know about them. He said that he heard from others that these three persons would come to the training centre but he himself did not see them again. Rustom said that on that day, after entering into the centre, they went to the office of colonel, where they stayed for 1-1.5 hours. Rustom testified that he also heard that these three persons would come to this training centre and talk with the Razakars and Al-Badrs. Rustom further testified that about 10 days before the independence, the Panjabi army and Razakars, Al-Badrs brought some Bengali girls, some Bengali army, some freedom fighters—which made up around 200 to 250 persons—into the training camp and tortured them by hanging them upside-down. They broke their hands and legs, later killed them in the dining hall, and dumped their bodies in the Rayerbazar mass graveyard. Zahir Uddin Jalal, Prosecution Witness 2, testified that, as a member of the Shajib group, he had to keep eyes on Mohammad Physical Training Institute—the headquarter of Al-Badr. He stated that in that headquarter, the Gholam Azam, Motiur Rahman Nizami, and Ali Ahsan Mujahid gang would meet with the Pakistan Army, and the Pakistan Army would train Al-Badr members. In training, Al-Badr members following the direction of Motiur Rahman Nizami and Ali Ahsan Mujahid would bring supporters of freedom fighters between the ages of 15 and 25, such as doctors, writers, intellectuals, journalists and people of different professions, to the Mohammad Physical Training Institute and tortured them in the gymnasium, dormitory and office room. He testified that Rustom Ali used to provide information to their Keraniganj camp. He also added that from December 7 to 14 the number of disappeared people increased. At the time, Jalal was informed that Al-Badr commander Motiur Rahman Nizami, Ali Ahsan Mujahid and their accomplices wearing black masks were taking blindfolded freedom fighter supporters to the Mohammad Physical Training Institute. Jalal testified that after the country was liberated on 17 December, he got 9 heads in the Mohammad Al-Badr headquarter. Thereafter he went to Rayerbazar and found some bullet riddled and blindfolded dead bodies. He testified that he came to know that, following the instructions of Motiur Rahman Nizami and Ali Ahsan Mujahid, Al-Badr brought these persons from Mohammad Physical Training Institute, shot them and left their corpses. It is alleged that Nizami, along with a group of Razakars, went to the village of Karamja and reminded the villagers that they would face consequences for not voting for Nizami in the last election. It is alleged that on 24 or 25 April 1971—under Nizami’s planning—he and local Razakar Afzal, with the help of other Razakars, killed Habibur Rahman at the bus stand for helping freedom fighters. It is further alleged that, following the plan of Nizami on 8 May 1971, members of his Al-Badr force, Rafikunnabi Bablu along with Razakars and the Pakistani military force surrounded the house of Megha Thakur and killed ten named persons in a queue. Tara Halder was injured, but managed to escape. It is alleged that members of Pakistani military forces with the help of Razakars Asad, Muslem and Afzal, raped Shebani, daughter of Megha Thakur, son’s wife and two other Muslim women; they also allegedly looted the house of Megha Thakur and set fire to the house of Wahed Pramanik. The charge stated that through all of these acts, Nizami conspired to commit crimes under section 3(2)(g) and is complicit in murders, rapes, looting and the destruction of properties, which are described as crimes against humanity as specified in section 3(2)(a), 3(2)(h). Nizami also charged under section 4(1) and 4(2) of the ICT Act 1973. In support of charge no 4, the Prosecution relied on the testimonies of Prosecution Witness 5, Nazim Uddin Khattab; Prosecution Witness 17, Jamal Uddin; and Prosecution Witness 19, Abu Shama Fakir. In support of this charge, the Prosecution produced another witness Prodip Kumar Dev, Prosecution Witness 7; however the Prosecution declared him as hostile. Nazim Uddin Khattab, Prosecution Witness 5, testified that around 10 am on 25 April 1971, he saw Motiur Rahman Nizami with Rafikun Nabi Bablu, Asad, Afzal, Moslem, Shukur and Siraj doctor attend a meeting in their Union Board Office. He testified that after half an hour, the meeting concluded; they all came out, and Rofikun Nobi Bablu began hurling abuse at the others. Khattab alleged that Rofikun hurled abuse at them for voting in favor of Boat (symbol of Awami League) in 1970 and for supporting Awami League. He further testified that Nizami told them that if they left the village, they would assume that they went to join the freedom fighters and their family members will be killed; if they did not leave the village, they would not be harmed. Khattab testified that around 8 am on 28 April 1971, following the order of Motiur Rahman Nizami, Afzal along with members of the Pakistani army and Razakars captured his maternal uncle Habibur Rahman Sardar and his fellow Akkas near the C & B bus stand and shot them to death. He testified that Sama Fakir (Prosecution Witness 19) and other dwellers in the area witnessed the incident and informed his grandfather’s family about it. He testified that he also learned about the incident from others and ran towards the C&B bus stand. He testified that he saw the corpses of his uncle and Akkas there. Khattab testified that they brought his uncle’s corpse to his grandfather’s house and went into hiding. Khattab testified that on the night of 8 May 1971, Zamidar’s son Probon Bhattacharya and his nephew Dulal slept with him; during the Fazar Azan (just before the sun rise), they heard crying and shouting and went towards the Zamidar Bari. He testified that there he saw Probon Bhattacharya’s mother standing without any clothes and shouting. He testified that at that time, Rofikun Nabi Bublu (Al-Badr commander of three police stations), Asad, Afzal, Moslem and members of the Pakistani army were seen beside her. Khattab testified that he came back to his home and asked his family members to flee. He then heard the sound of firing and went to the spot again with Probon and Dulal and found Tara Halder bloody and injured. He testified that Tara Halder told him that following the order of Motiur Rahman Nizami, Rofikun Nabi Bublu, Asad, Afzal, Moslem and members of the Pakistani army surrounded the area and Sosti Halder, Adu, Kartik, Santi Halder, Zamidar Shoilendronath Bhattacharya, Dijendranath Bhattacharya, Karu Thakur, Morali Chandra Das, Suresh Chandra Halder including him were directed to stand in a queue in front of the Zamidar’s worship room and they killed them by firing. Tara also told him that they also used bayonets to kill them, and she miraculously survived. He further testified that Shoilendronath Bhattacharya’s daughter Shibani, his daughter-in-law and one other housewife were raped on this day. He testified that after that incident, Probon and Dulal left the country with their family for India. He testified that 8 of these corpses were buried in a single place, and that a single corpse was buried in another place because the people present raised objections due to his low class. He testified that on 7 December 2000, they recovered the bones of the dead people who were buried there in the presence of the police, Muktijuddha Commander (commander of the freedom fighters) and local people. The Prosecution submitted that the Defense during cross-examination failed to shake the credibility of this witness. They further submitted that the testimony of Khattab confirmed the presence of Nizami and his accomplices. Jamal Uddin, Prosecution Witness 17, testified that in December 2000, with the help of local administration led by then minister Professor Abu Sayed, some human bones and skulls were recovered by digging a hole beside the house of Megha Thakur. Jamal testified that from people who were there that he met in May 1971 after the Fazr prayer, members of the Pakistani Army and local Razakars led by Motiur Rahman Nizami surrounded the home of Megha Thakur, killed nine unarmed people and raped the daughter of Megha Thakur as well as the daughter-in-law of Megha Thakur. The Prosecution submitted that the testimony of Prosecution Witness 17 corroborated the testimony of Prosecution Witness 5, Nazim Uddin Khattab. Abu Sama Fakir, Prosecution Witness 19, testified that on 28 April 1971, after discussing with UPR Nazrul, Ansar Shokur Ali and Joinal when he was returning by the east side of Karamja Nishipara Kalibari at 9 or 10 am, he saw an army motor vehicle coming from the east side towards Sathia. Fakir testified that he hid himself in a bush beside Sathia Road. He testified that from the bush he saw Nizami sitting beside the army officer. He further testified that he saw some Bengalis sitting with the army in the back of the motor vehicle. He further testified that he saw Habibur Rahman and Akkas going from west to east and noticing the presence of the army motor vehicle, they (Habibur Rahman and Akkas) ran towards a tree. The witness testified that the vehicle stopped beside the tree; Nizami allegedly said something by gesture, and two members of the army shot and killed Habibur and Akkas, who were trying to hide themselves behind the tree. Abu Sama Fakir, testified that on 8 May 1971 after Fazar prayer, he heard the sound of firing coming from Koromja Village and, feeling frightened, he hid himself behind a bamboo bush. The witness testified that after one hour the firing stopped, and the witness started for Koromja village. The witness testified that when he reached Koromja, he found the bullet-riddled and bloody Megha Thakur, Diju Thakur, Koru Thakur, Josthi Haldar, Kartik Haldar, Shanta Haldar, Murali Mali and Fatik Chad—in total nine people. He testified that Murali Mali, Megha Thakur and Fakir Chad were buried in three different places. He further testified that he found the houses burned and heard that the daughter and daughter-in-law of Megha Thakur had been raped by Army and Razakars. He further testified that he learned from Ansar Ali, Shofiz and others, who were gathered there, that Motiur Rahman Nizami, Rofikunnabi Bablu, Afzal, Asad, Shokur Khan show the way to Pakistani Army. The Prosecution submitted that the testimonies of Prosecution Witness 5, Nazim Uddin Khattab; Prosecution Witness 17, Jamal Uddin and Prosecution Witness 19, Abu Sama Fakir corroborated each other. The Prosecution did not press charge no 5. It is alleged that on 27 November 1971 at 3:30 am, Nizami along with Razakars and members of Pakistani military forces raided the house of Dr Abdul Awal and adjacent houses of Dhulaura to find freedom fighters. The charge states that at about 6:30 am, Nizami along with his accomplice Razakars and members of the Pakistani military caught a number of men, women, and children, brought them to the field of Dhulaura school and killed 30 persons by indiscriminate firing. Twenty-two persons were taken to the bank of the Ishamoti River, bayoneted, and killed. Nizami is charged for his involvement and responsibility for murder which is described as crimes against humanity specified in section 3(2)(a), 4(1) and 4(2) of the ICT Act 1973. In support of this charge 6, the Prosecution relied on the testimonies of Prosecution Witness 6, Shahjahan Ali; Prosecution Witness 8, Khalilur Rahman and Prosecution Witness 17, Jamal Uddin. Shahajahan Ali, Prosecution Witness 6, a war-wounded freedom fighter testified that he is receiving 10,000 taka per month as freedom fighter’s allowance. He testified that a fight had taken place between the freedom fighters and the Pakistani army on 28 November 1971, and at midnight, the Pakistani army caught him and the other freedom fighters. He further testified that Sattar Razakar took him and seven other freedom fighters to the riverbank by Motiur Rahman Nizami’s order. He testified that in the presence of Motiur Rahman Nizami, they (not specifying who) charged with bayonets and slit his (Shahajahan’s) throat. Shahajahan testified that the other freedom fighters taken with him were charged at with bayonets and killed. Locals then took Shahajahan to Ranjit Sharkar’s house at Fulbari and then to the Pabna Hospital, where he received treatment for a month. Shahajan testified that after one month, he was moved to the Dhaka Medical Hospital where he received treatment for 4 years. He testified that more than 300 or 400 people died in that fight in Dhulaura. Khalilur Rahman, Prosecution Witness 8, testified that in the middle of June, he left for India to receive training. He testified that he entered into Bangladesh and came to Sujanagar of Pabna, where he stayed for 2 or 3 days, and then took shelter at the house of Dr. Abdul Awal in Dhulaura village under the Sathia police station at 12 or 12:30 of 27 November 1971. Khalilur testified that at about 3:30 am, hearing the sounds of army boots, he opened the window and saw Nizami, other Razakars, and members of the Pakistani occupation force coming toward their house. He then he opened a door facing north and exited the house. He testified that he then heard the sounds of firing and movement and also someone yelling ‘hands up.’ Khalilur testified that he then rode into a banyan tree with the intention of hiding himself. He testified that there was moonlight that night. Khalilur testified that just before sunrise he noticed some women beneath the banyan tree and saw some Razakars snatching their ornaments. He testified that he had also seen members of the Pakistan occupation force entering a house with two young ladies. He testified that he heard the screaming coming from the house, and he understood that they were being raped. Khalilur testified that from the tree, he also noticed that Nizami asked someone to take away males and had seen males being taken toward the primary school on the south side. Khalilur stated that the Ishamoti River is beside the school field and the field is beside the Primary School. Khalilur then testified that he left the tree between 9 and 9:30 am and heard from others that military had left the area. Khalil added that then he went to the bank of the Ishamoti River and took the corpses of villagers—including his 4 associates—and also took 2 of his associates who were injured. He testified that one of them was Shahajahan (PW-6), whose throat was slit, and another was Mazed, who was charged by a bayonet. Khalilur answered that he knew Nizami before the Liberation War since his house was just 1 kilometer away from the witness’s, and Nizami was also the secretary of Islami Chhatra Shangho (the student wing of Jamaat-e-Islami). Jamal Uddin, Prosecution Witness 17, testified that on 27 November 1971, three or four groups of freedom fighters took possession of Dhulaura village. Being informed at 2:30 or 3 am, Pakistani Army, Razakar and Al-Badr led by Motiur Rahman Nizami raided the village and killed 9 freedom fighters and 14 unarmed people by firing and setting houses on fire. He testified that among the freedom fighters, one named Sahjahan Ali survived; Sattar Razakar had slit his throat by Nizami’s instruction. Jamal testified that he came to know about the incident from Nizam Uddin, Abdul Latif, Lokman Hossain, and the then headmaster Romiz Uddin. It is alleged that on 3 December 1971 after midnight, on receiving information from Nizami and the Razakars, the Pakistani Army surrounded the village Brishalikha, caught Sohrab Ali from his house at 5:30 am, took him to the road, and tortured and killed him there. It is alleged that Sohrab Ali was asked questions about the whereabouts of his son Mohammad Abdul Latif Selim, and after failing to extract information, the Pakistani Army shot him in front of his wife and children. It is alleged that Nizami is complicit in torture and murder which are crimes against humanity as specified section 3(2)(a), 3(2)(h) and under section 4(1) and 4(2) of the ICT Act 1973. In support of charge no 7, the Prosecution relied on the testimonies of Prosecution Witness 22, Sahjahan Ali and Prosecution Witness 16, Jane Alam alias Janu. Sahjahan Ali, Prosecution Witness 22, testified that on 2 December 1971, his uncle Sohrab Ali returned from India. He testified that in the early morning of 3 December 1971, he woke up from a sound. He opened the door and saw Rafikun Nabi Bablu, Asad, and four or five member of Razakar and Al-Badr. After breaking the door of his uncle’s house, they dragged his uncle to the muddy road. Sahjahan Ali testified that he, his aunt, and other family members went towards the muddy road. Sahjahan Ali testified that his uncle was then taken towards the west side of their house. Keeping their family members waiting there, Sahjahan followed his uncle. He testified that he hid behind a bamboo bush and saw Nizami with the Pakistani Army, Razakar and Al-Badr. Sahjahan Ali testified that it seemed to him that, by the instruction of Nizami, Razakar and Al-Badr took his uncle. Sahjahan testified that the Pakistani Army asked his uncle something and his uncle replied in the negative by moving his hands. Receiving such an answer, the Pakistan Army started to beat his uncle by the butt of their rifles. Sahjahan Ali testified that in this stage, Nizami asked the Pakistani Army something, pointed toward his uncle, and one member of the Pakistani Army shot his uncle two or three times and his uncle fell. He testified that after five or six minutes of firing the Pakistan Army followed Nizami and left the site towards the Hindu area located north of the intersection. Sahjahan Ali testified that after a few minutes, he came out of the bamboo bush, went to his uncle, hugged him and discovered that he was no more. He testified that he became speechless and sat there for 10 to 15 minutes. He added that he then saw smoke in the sky and noticed fire in the houses of Hindu para. He testified that he left the spot where his uncle had been killed. He returned to their house and then went to the site with five or six youths of about twelve and thirteen years old to bring the corpse of his uncle back to their home. He testified before this incident, he had seen Nizami in the election campaign of 1970. He testified that he heard Nizami’s speech, before which he was described as the President of Islami Chhatra Shangho. Jane Alam alias Janu, Prosecution Witness 16, testified that his group set camp at Dugli village of Sahjadpur. He testified that on 2 December 1971 at 10 pm, Sohrab came to the camp and welcomed him to visit their village. Janu testified that on that night, he went to their village and met with the people, and at about 1 or 1:30 am, he went to his house and stay there. On 3 December 1971, at night when his parents went outside to feed their cattle, they noticed the movement of Razakars, Al-Badr and the Pakistani Army on the road. Janu testified that his father told him to flee. Janu testified that he left his bed and reached their camp by crossing the Hurasagor River. He added that in the early morning he saw many people from his village that had also crossed the river and took shelter. Janu testified that at 12 or 12:30 pm, after Razakars and the Pakistani Army left their village, he and others returned to his village and heard that Sohrab had been charged at with a bayonet and shot at. He testified that Sorab, Josthi, Vadu, Monu, Profulla, Pintu, and many more were killed in that incident and around 70 houses were set on fire. He testified that noticing them, villagers gathered in front of the primary school and he learned from them that by the order of Motiur Rahman Nizami, the secretary of Islami Chhatra Shangho, local Razakars, Al-Badr and the Pakistani Army led by Rofikunnabi alias Bablu, Razakar commander of Sathia police station, committed the killings, arson attacks and looting in their village. It is alleged that on 30 August 1971, Nizami, as President of Islami Chhatra Shangho and head of the Al-Badr Bahini, accompanied by Ali Ahsan Mujahid, Secretary of the East Pakistan Islami Chhatra Shangha, visited the Army Camp at Old MP Hostel in Dhaka, where Nizami verbally abused and detained Jalal, Bodi, Rumi, Jewel and Azad. It is alleged that Nizami told the Pakistani Captain to kill all of them before the President declared the general amnesty and subsequently all except one were killed due to Nizami’s influence. It is alleged that Nizami committed the crime of murder which is a crime against humanity specified in section 3(2)(a) and charged under 3(2)(a) along with 4(1) and 4(2) of the ICT Act 1973. In support of this charge the Prosecution relied on the testimony of Prosecution Witness 2, Zahir Uddin Jalal, and Exhibit 37, Ekattorer Dinguli written by Jahanara Imam. Zahir Uddin Jalal, Prosecution Witness 2, testified that on 30 August 1971, he went to 19 New Eskaton to collect information about a meeting between Razakars, Al-Badr and the Pakistani Army at 4 pm. Jalal testified that the Razakars caught him and handed him over to the Pakistani Army. Jalal testified that he was detained in MP hostel of Nakhalpara. He testified that at 7 pm he found eight to ten injured detainees in his room and recognized some of them as Bodi, Rumi (son of Jahanara Imam), Asad, and Jweal. Jalal testified that they all received training together in India. Jalal further testified that he learned from Jweal that Al-Badr commander Motiur Rahman Nizami, Ali Ahsan Muhammad Mujahid, Chowdhury Moin Uddin, and Al-Badr Ashraf tortured them and asked other Al-Badr to torture them. Jalal stated that Jweal also told him that Motiur Rahman Nizami, Ali Ahsan Muhammad Nizami, Chowdhury Moin Uddin and the Ashraf gang would kill them within one or two days. Jalal testified that while he was speaking with Jweal, Motiur Rahman Nizami, Ali Ahsan Muhammad Mujahid, Chowdhury Moin Uddin and Ashraf entered the room of Captain Kaium and a habilder took him to that room. He testified they wrote down his name, address and signature on a white paper. He added that Nizami tortured him with his five-star pistol. He testified that Motiur Rahman Nizami and Mujahid were discussing killing them before the general clemency of the President on 5 September. It is alleged that on 3 December 1971, on information supplied by Nizami, Razakars and Pakistany Army surrounded the village Bishalikha and killed Profulla, Vadu, Manu, Sosthi Pramanik, Gyanendranath Hawlader and Paltu—in total 70 Hindus set fire on 72 houses. It is alleged that Nizami committed the crime of genocide as specified 3(2)( c)(i) and 3(2)(a) along with section 4(1) and 4(2) of the ICT Act 1973. In support of this charge the Prosecution relied on the testimonies of Prosecution Witness 22, Sahjahan Ali; Abdus Salim Latif, Prosecution Witness 14; Aminul Islam Dablu, Prosecution Witness 15; and Jane Alam alias Janu, Prosecution Witness 16. Sahjahan Ali testified that one of his aunties resided at Hindu para. He testified that when the sounds of firing stopped, he saw Nizami, the Pakistani Army, Razakars, and Al-Badr at a field located south and they were going towards the east. He testified that then he went to his aunt’s house. He testified that he found some burned houses and seven or eight corpses of unarmed civilians in the road of Hindu para. Sahjahan testified that he saw four or five Muslim men standing in a Hindu house and went there. He found three or four women almost naked, and when Muslim men asked them what happened, they replied that in the presence of Nizami, the Pakistani Army, Razakars and Al-Badr burned the houses of Hindus, killed seven or eight Hindu men, and raped them. He testified that he then left that spot for his aunt’s house and returned to their home. Before this incident, he had seen Nizami in the election campaign of 1970. He testified that he heard the speech of Nizami, before which Nizami was described as the President of Islami Chhatra Shangho. Abdus Salim Latif, Prosecution Witness 14, testified that on 2 December 1971, his father returned to their home. He stated that the local Al-Badr members informed Al-Badr chief of staff Motiur Rahman Nizami about his fathers’ return. Latif testified that in the early morning of 3 December 1971, Al-Badr, Razakar, and the Pakistani Army together raided the Brishalikha village. He testified that the houses of the village were set ablaze, and his father Sohrab Ali Pramanik was shot and killed. Latif testified that he heard about this incident from his mother, Ajgor Ali Munshi, Ahed Ali Pramanik, Sahjahan Ali and many more. Latif further testified that he also heard that by the order of Nizami, Al-Badr, Razakars and the Pakistani Army killed his father after he was tortured. Latif added that other than his father, Manu, Sosthi Pramanik, Bodu Pramanik, Gyanendranath Hawlader, and many more unarmed villagers were killed. Aminul Islam Dablu, Prosecution Witness 15, testified that he heard that on 2 December 1971, when his father came from India after being informed the local Razakars, Al-Badr members informed Motiur Rahman Nizami and they raided their house on 3 December 1971, drag out his father from the house, after being tortured shot him on the road. He further testified that Monu, Josthi Pramanik, Bodu Pramanik, Ganandra Nath Hawlader many more unarmed villagers were also killed and 70 to 75 houses were set ablaze. Jane Alam alias Janu, Prosecution Witness 16, testified that on 3 December 1971 at 12 or 12:30 pm after Razakars and Pakistani Army left their village he and others returned to his village and heard that Sohrab was bayonet charged and shot. He testified that Sorab, Josthi, Vadu, Monu, Profulla, Pintu and many more was killed on that incident and 70 /72 houses were set on fire. He testified that noticing them villagers gathered in front of the primary school and from them he came to know that in the order of Motiur Rahman Nizami, the secretary of Islami Chhatra Shangho local Razakars, Al-Badr and Pakistani Army led by Rofikunnabi alias Bablu, Razakar commander of Sathia police station, committed the killing, arson attacks and looting in their village. The Prosecution submitted that the testimony of Prosecution Witness 22, Sahjahan Ali corroborated by the testimonies of Abdus Salim Latif, Prosecution Witness 14; Aminul Islam Dablu, Prosecution Witness 15 and Jane Alam alias Janu, Prosecution Witness 16. Charge no 10 It is alleged that after the beginning of the Liberation War, Onil Chandra Kundu along with his parents, brothers, and sisters left the country and went to India as a refugee for safety. In August, he came back to his village Sonatala, Sathia, and hearing this by the direction of Nizami the local Razakars destroyed their house and many others. It is alleged that Nizami committed the crime of persecution as a crime against humanity under section 3(2)(a). The Accused is charged under section 3(2)(a) with section 4(1) and section 4(2) of the ICT Act 1973. In support of this charge, the Prosecution relied on the testimony of Ratindra Nath Kunda, Prosecution Witness 12. In support of this charge, the Prosecution also relied on the witness statement of Shomor Chandra Kunda. Ratindra testified that in 1985 he visited his brother-in-law, Onil Chandra Kundu, at his house located at Nilphomari with his wife. During this visit, Onil shared some incidents of his life. Onil informed him that in 1971, he was the SSC examinee, and after the beginning of the Liberation War, he went to India with his friends for training. Onil and his friends took their training for 3 or 4 months and then returned to Bangladesh and joined the Liberation War under sector 7. Onil told him that due to the cruelty of Nazime Ala, the Secretary of Islami Chhatra Shangho, and Al-Badr founder Motiur Rahman Nizami, his parents were forced to leave for India. Onil further told him that due to his joining the Liberation War, in May, following the order of the Nizami, a group of Razakars led by his nephew looted the house of Onil and set it on fire. It is alleged that during the Liberation War, Nizami frequently visited the Razakar camp at Sathia Pailot High School and conspired with Razakar commander Samad Miah at his office to commit crimes. As a result of such conspiracies, the Razakars committed different crimes in the locality and Nizami is charged for conspiracy to commit crimes specified in section 3(2)(g) and for complicity in crimes committed under section 3(2)(h) along with section 4(1) and section 4(2) of the ICT Act 1973. In support of this charge, the Prosecution relied on the testimony of Tofazzal Hossain, Prosecution Witness 10. Tofazzal Hossain testified that Nizami was his classmate in Boalmari Madrassa. Tofazzal testified that he was a teacher of Sathia Pailot High School since 1965 and during the Liberation War he was the teacher at the same school. In the middle of May, Sathia Pilot School closed because Razakars wished to set up camp. He testified that in the middle of May, Razakar camp was inaugurated and he had seen Nizami, Moulana Abdus Sobhan, Moulana Ishaq and 100 to 150 Razakars there. He specifically mentioned that he had seen them from a distance. He testified that from those who attended the meeting, he learned that in the meeting it was decided to kill people who would join the Liberation War. It was also decided to motivate the youth to join Razakar. Tofazzal testified that, in September 1971, Razakars started to attack unarmed civilians. He testified that Razakars held two persons from Shonatola village and killed them beside the road of Daulatpur village. He further testified that Razakars detained some unarmed civilians in Sathia Pailot High School camp and Army camp of Nagor Bari. He testified that among those detainees, some went missing, one of which was Kalu, the physical instructor of Edward College. Tofazzal testified that on 17 November, freedom fighters led by Mukul attacked the Sathia Pilot High School Razakars camp and killed 26 or 27 Razakars and detained 14. He testified that on 7 December, when freedom fighters were gathered for a meeting on the premises of the police station, which is beside the Pilot School camp, they were attacked and at that time they (the freedom fighters) were without arms. He testified that in that attack he was hit with a bullet in his left eye and became unconscious. He further testified that the followers of Nizami, Abdus Sobhan, and Ishaq attacked a local Hindu community, looted their houses, and the Shunil Joardar’s wife was raped in front of him. He testified that after the rape incident, Shunil Joarder’s wife committed suicide for shame. It is alleged that when the defeat of Pakistan occupation and auxiliary forces was imminent, Nizami, who was President of Islami Chhatra Shangho and head of an auxiliary force Al-Badr, mounted Gestapo-like attacks to destroy Bangladesh professionals and intellectuals amongst others, and launched mortal blows toward free and independent Bangladesh by selective elimination of respected professionals and intellectuals. It is alleged that attacks were largely carried out on or around 14 December 1971 and Nizami committed the crimes of genocide as specified in section 3(2)(c )(i) along with 4(1) and 4(2) of the ICT Act 1973. In support of this charge the Prosecution relied on the testimonies of Shamoli Nasrin Chowdhury, Prosecution Witness 13 and Sayeeda Salma Mahmud, Prosecution Witness 23. Shamoli Nasrin Chowdhury testified that she was married to Dr Abdul Alim Chowdhury on 21 December 1965. Shamoli testified that in 1971, she resided at 29/1 Purana Palton, Dhaka with her husband, daughters and parents. Shamoli testified that during the Liberation War, her husband Alim was working at Sir Sallimullah Medical College and he had a chamber on the ground floor of their rented house at 29/1 Purana Palton. Shamoli testified that at 4:30 on 15 December, while she and her husband were watching the one-sided bombing of the Indian Air Force from their verandas, they felt happy hoping that the Pakistani occupation force was going to surrender to the allied force. Shamoli testified that at that time, they heard the sound of a microbus and saw a microbus covered with mud stopped in front of the Mannan’s gate. Shamoli testified that after 30 minutes they heard sounds outside their gate and saw 2 or 3 Al-Badr with arms asked them to open the door. Shamoli testified that she became frightened and asked her husband what to do. Her husband asked their two assistants Hakim and Momin to open the gate and her husband went to the ground floor to talk with Mannan, who took shelter there. Mannan asked Alim to go with Al-Badr and tell him not to be frightened. Hearing this, Alim tried to go to the first floor again but was unable because the Al-Badr had already entered the ground floor and asked Alim to put his hands up. Shamoli testified that Alim asked them the reasoning behind their coming, and they replied that this was an order from Al-Badr high command Motiur Rahman Nizami. Shamoli testified that on 16 December 1971 at 11am, two freedom fighters, Kabir and another one who was the son of journalist Salam, came to their house and they started to search for her husband. By 17 December, they confirmed that those who were taken by Al-Badr were no longer alive. Shamoli testified that on the morning of 18 December 1971, Shamoli’s brother-in-law Hafiz Chowdhury, Hakim, Momin and other relatives went to the Rayer Bazar and took the corpses of Alim, Dr Fazle Rabbi, Ladu, journalist Selina Pervin and many more. She testified that when the corpse of her husband was taken to their place, she found his hands bound at his back and blindfolded; his whole body had been charged by bayonets and his chest was bullet riddled. Shamoli further testified that later on he learned that someone named Delwar, who had not been hit by any bullets and survived from the Rayer Bazar killing, wrote that intellectuals such as doctors, engineers, and writers were taken to the Mohammadpur Physical Institute and tortured there and then taken to the Rayer Bazar in the early morning to be killed by firing. Sayeda Salma Mahmud, Prosecution Witness 23, testified that on 15 February 1970, she was married to Dr Azharul Huq. She testified that on June 1969, her husband joined as assistant surgeon at Dhaka Medical College and held that post during the Liberation War. The witness testified that after the marriage she started to live with her husband at 22 Free Street road of Hatirpul, Dhaka. Salma testified that during the Liberation War, her husband used to do private practice at a pharmacy named Saida Pharmacy and gave treatment to the injured freedom fighters and sometimes visited the freedom fighters camp to provide treatments. She testified that there was another pharmacy called Ali Pharmacy opposite to Saida Pharmacy and the owner of that pharmacy was a Bihari. She testified that they suspect that Bihari Ali used to keep eyes on the movements of her husband and provided that information to the Pakistani Army. Salma testified that on 15 February 1971 (later on said that on 15 November) at 6 am, their maid-servant Sahadat went for nearby laundry to collect her husband’s apron because he had duty at the hospital, but Sahadat came back empty-handed and said that some Pakistani Army members and armed Bengalis cordoned the place. She testified that the whole area of Hatirpul, Central road, and Vuter goli were cordoned. She testified that her husband went to the house of their landlord so that he could phone the hospital to send an ambulance to take him to the hospital. Salma testified that she was waiting in the veranda and Momtaz, Dr Humayon Kabir’s sister, asked her whether her husband had already left for the hospital. She replied that he went to make a call so that an ambulance was sent from hospital to take him. She testified that after that, Dr Humayon Kabir and Dr Azharul Haq waited outside for an ambulance. She testified that he asked Sahadat to call both of them. She testified that Sahadat informed her that the Pakistani Army and uniformed armed Bengalis were talking with them and pointed their arms at them. She testified that she again asked Sahadat to call them and went towards the gate. She testified that when she ran for the gate, she saw some of the soldiers hitting them by the butt of their rifles and taking them towards the road by gunpoint. She shouted and tried to go toward her husband, but some of the armed Bengalis pointed their guns at her and asked her to go inside the house. She testified that armed Bengalis asked her who used to come to her husband, where he used to go, etc. She asked them who they were and where her husband had been taken. Salma testified that in reply, they informed her that they were members of Al-Badr and their High command Motiur Rahman Nizami instructed them to take her husband Dr Azharul Huq and Dr Humayon Kabir. She testified that they searched her bedroom and left the house. Salma testified that on 16 November 1971, Dr Kamruzzaman and Bobi came to her brother’s house located at Paribag and informed her that the boss of her husband, Dr Shamsuddin, identified the corpses of her husband and Dr Humayon Kabir at the morgue of Dhaka Medical College and asked the family members of the deceased to identify the corpses. She was further informed that the corpses of her husband and Dr Humayon Kabir were found under the culvert located near the Notre Dame College. At the time of the recovering, their hands and legs were tied and they were blindfolded with several marks of wounds found on their bodies. She testified that the corpse of her husband had been taken to the house of Paribag and buried at Azimpur graveyard. She testified that Motiur Rahman Nizami, Chowdhury Moinuddin, Ashrafuzzaman, Mujahid and Golam Azam killed the intellectuals in a planned way. This entry was posted in Asian International Justice Initiative, East West Center, Trial of Abdus Sobhan, Trial of Motiur Rahman Nizami, Tribunal 1 and tagged Abdus Sobhan, AIJI, Asian International Justice Initiative, closing statements, Daily Summary, East West Center, EWC, ICT 1, International Criminal Tribunal, Motiur Rahman Nizami, pre-trial on November 6, 2013 by AIJI Trial Monitor. ← 4 November 2013: ICT-1 Daily Summary –Motiur Rahman Nizami, Closing Statements; The Economist Magazine and Human Rights Watch, Contempt Proceedings 4-5 November 2013: ICT-2 Daily Summary – Court Adjourned →	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2928
__label__cc	0.67902	0.32098	FATF to Publish Revised Forty Recommendations June 13, 2003By @BahamasFSBInternational Issues FATF to Publish Revised Forty Recommendations@BahamasFSB2003-06-13T00:00:00-04:00 In a press release issued from its Paris headquarters this morning, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) confirmed that next week it will hold its final plenary meeting under the German Presidency in Berlin. The plenary is scheduled for June 18-20. The adoption of the revised Forty Recommendations against money laundering – the world wide acclaimed international standards in this area – is the primary agenda item. The Recommendations will be fundamentally readjusted for the second time since the beginning of FATF’s work in 1989, and for the first time consistent due diligence obligations will be established, in financial as well as in non-financial sectors. The Caribbean Financial Action Task Force, of which The Bahamas is a member, has been represented on the Working Group established by the FATF to review the 40 Recommendations by officials from the Central Bank of The Bahamas. Post 9/11/01, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) introduced 8 Special Recommendations which, when combined with its Forty Recommendations on money laundering, set out the basic framework to detect, prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism and terrorist acts. FATF has indicated that it will continue to strive for full compliance of these Recommendations, both with its own membership and globally. The FATF also plans to issue its fourteenth Annual Report next week in Berlin. The report will outline the main success of FATF under the German presidency. Included will be: – FATF’s anti-terrorist financing activities; – its findings on the non-cooperative countries and territories (NCCTs) in the international fight against money laundering; and – the enlargement of the co-operation between FATF and the International Financial Institutions (i.e. IMF and World Bank). It is anticipated that the Annual Report also will contain summaries of the evaluations of the anti-money laundering systems of the Russian Federation and South Africa, which will be the basis for the decision of FATF to be taken in the Plenary meeting on whether to expand its membership to these countries. The FATF Secretariat has announced that the Annual Report – as well as the outcome of the Plenary – will be presented at a news conference on Friday, 20 June 2003. Mr. Jochen Sanio, FATF President, Mr. Claes Norgren (Sweden), future FATF President and Mr. Patrick Moulette, FATF Executive Secretary, will discuss the highlights of the report. ← The Bahamas: Viable Choice For Provision of Financial Services Competitive Voice Services Now On Offer →	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2929
__label__wiki	0.753755	0.753755	Spacecab Spacebus CGI Renderings and Animations Shows and Exhibitions Space Exploration: All That Matters Your Spaceflight Manual Spaceflight Revolution Ascender is a small sub-orbital spaceplane designed to use existing technology and to pave the way for later vehicles on our development sequence. Ascender is specifically designed to generate spaceplane revenues at minimum development cost and risk, and thereby to be attractive to private-sector investment. Ascender Artist’s Concept For more Ascender images visit the Media page Ascender carries one pilot and one passenger or experiment. The passenger remains strapped in his/her seat during the flight. Ascender takes off from an ordinary airfield using its turbo-fan engine and climbs at subsonic speed to a height of 8 km. The pilot then starts the rocket engine and pulls up into a steep climb. Ascender has a maximum speed of around Mach 3 on a steep climb and can reach a height of 100 km. At that time, the passenger will see superb views of Earth and will see the sky turn black even in daytime. Then Ascender enters a steep dive, where a passenger can experience two minutes of weightlessness. On reaching the atmosphere, the pilot pulls out of the dive and flies back to the airfield from which they took off 30 minutes previously. Ascender Leading Data Span, m Length, m Jet Engines Two in the 500 kg thrust class Two in the 2500 kg class Rocket Propellants HTP and Kerosene Maximum Weight, kg Empty Weight, kg Max Altitude, km Ascender would be the first spaceplane capable of taking off under its own power and of making several flights to space per day. (The X-15 of nearly forty years ago had a somewhat higher performance but had to be launched from a B-52 converted bomber and needed several weeks of servicing between flights.) It has two jet engines sized for taxiing, ferry flights, aborted landings, diversion to other airfields, and to provide back-up thrust in case of rocket engine failure on take-off. Rocket engines provide most of the thrust for take-off and climb. The rocket engines use hydrogen peroxide (HTP) as the oxidiser. History has shown that rocket engines using HTP are simpler to develop than those using liquid oxygen (LOX). The Ascender rocket engine uses technology developed in the UK in the early 1970s. Ascender is well within the aeronautical state of the art. The aerodynamics, structure, engines, and systems are all based on those of existing aeroplanes or launchers and uses proven materies. The only innovation is in the concept, which is in essence that of a light aeroplane of hypersonic shape fitted with a rocket motor. Ascender could be flying in three years as a research aeroplane, and carrying passengers on space experience flights within seven years. Current work is being funded privately, and discussions are taking place with potential strategic partners. Ascender has EUREKA status as a suggested project. Ascender is based on a design included in a feasibility study for the European Space Agency (ESA). An independent review of this study, commissioned by the UK Minister for Space, “did not identify any fundamental flaws” in the concept. Bristol Spaceplanes Limited (BSP) Ascender Layout The design of Ascender has been evolving continuously. As you can see, the artist’s concept above is somewhat different from the layout drawing. The latest version is at present proprietary but will be released soon. Cost and Programme The development programme calls for Ascender to fly within three years of full go-ahead. The cost to early operational use is comparable to that of just one fighter aeroplane off the production line. This remarkably low cost is made possible by the design concept and by excluding any component not essential for the basic mission. After a few years in service, the cost per flight of Ascender would be reduced to a level comparable to that of a jet fighter, i.e., a few thousand pounds. Then routine everyday flights to space (albeit brief) would become possible at a cost affordable by middle-income people prepared to save. Ascender is specifically designed to generate spaceplane revenues at minimum development cost and risk, to be attractive to private-sector investment. Ascender has been designed to pave the way for later vehicles on our development sequence. Ascender’s successor, Spacecab, would be a fully orbital spaceplane and use existing engines and proven materials. With the benefits of full reusability, its cost per flight will be well over 100 times less than that of the Shuttle. An enlarged development of Spacecab, called Spacebus, is designed to carry 50 people to and from orbit. A second-generation Spacebus would also be capable of carrying passengers from Europe to Australia in some 75 minutes flying time. Projects Overview Ascender Spaceplane © 2021 Bristol Spaceplanes.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2941
__label__wiki	0.659672	0.659672	Printing Outside the Borders September 26, 2017 \| By Ken Kingery Duke Engineering students design and 3D-print a prosthetic arm for a young Haitian boy Emily Shannon and Gabriel Antoniak test the length of the first prototype prosthetic arm while the recipient tries it on during their first trip to Haiti As soon as Emily Shannon saw the little boy missing half of his left arm from across the street, she knew she had to try to help him. Designing and building a prosthetic limb, of course, is not an easy task. It’s even harder when the prospective recipient is a Haitian boy living 1,200 miles away. And you don’t speak Creole. And his country is on your school’s Restricted Regions List. And you’ve barely begun delivering your first finished prosthetics. None of those hurdles mattered to Shannon, who had just completed her second year at Duke University—where, coincidentally, she had joined a fledgling student group focused on designing and 3D printing prosthetics. And she knew she had to try. “It was a total long shot,” said Shannon, who met Chris, as the Haitian boy’s name turned out to be, while delivering meals in Haiti during a summer trip with her church. “But I told our host that I was in this club where we actually build arms, and asked if I could talk to the boy to see what we could do?” Their host agreed, and helped convey Shannon’s idea to Chris and his family, who were happy to receive the help. Maker Club with a Mission The club Shannon was referring to—called eNable—is an international community that shares open-source files and designs for 3D-printing prosthetics. The Duke chapter was founded by Henry Warder and Richard Beckett-Ansa, who discovered the foundation through a local chapter in Virginia. The duo got a small grant to start the club from the Duke Innovation Co-Lab, a creativity incubator focused on exploring how new and emerging technologies can fundamentally reshape the research, academic and service missions of the university. That was in the spring of 2016. After a presentation at the Co-Lab, the group recruited Shannon, who became president when Warder and Beckett-Ansa graduated. By the end of the fall semester, Duke eNable, advised by Michael Faber, manager of the Duke Innovation Co-Lab, was more than 30 people strong, working to deliver a handful of prosthetics to people in the Durham community. One is being designed from scratch to provide a local baker with a custom solution for decorating cakes. Another for an 11-year-old boy relies more on shared files from the open-source community, but with a few tweaks, like gadgets to help him ride a bike and use a slingshot. A third recipient, recently graduated from pharmacy school, needs a design that will help her pinch skin to deliver subcutaneous injections. Whether based on open-source files or built from the ground up, all three are challenging tasks. “This is anything but plug and play,” said Gabriel Antoniak, a senior studying biomedical engineering and design lead on the cake-decorating prosthesis. “Even when you start with a file that looks good in the software, lots of details need to be tailored. When you actually bring a prototype to a recipient, it’s always a little tight here or a little loose there. And making those changes to a source design file is never as easy as it sounds.” And then, of course, there’s Chris, whose prosthesis presented an entirely different set of challenges. Predicting Challenges For the most part, 3D-printing prosthetic limbs is not an expensive proposition. The Duke Co-Lab provides printing filaments for free, and extra materials typically only involve things like screws, string, Velcro or foam. All told, a finished device can be produced for a mere $20 - $30 in raw materials. But traveling to Haiti is expensive. To fund Shannon’s quest, the group turned to The Given Limb Foundation, which is dedicated to improving the lives of veterans and other individuals with amputations or diminished use of their limbs. After pitching their project to co-founders Martha McDade and Janis Rehlaender—both Duke Engineering alumni themselves—the foundation agreed to provide funds for travel. “That was the first indicator that we could actually make this happen,” said Shannon. “That’s also when we realized that Haiti is on Duke’s Restricted Regions List.” The Restricted Regions List is a list of destinations deemed unsafe for travel by Duke, with decisions being made by the Provost based on recommendations from the Global Travel Advisory Committee (GTAC). While this presented another obstacle to the group, it didn’t end their journey. The group filled out a large proposal filled with references, forms and comments on the safety of their proposed area of visit. After some deliberation reaching all the way up to Provost Sally Kornbluth, the travel was approved. “The students were really great to work with,” noted Eric Mlyn, the Peter Lange Executive Director of DukeEngage, assistant vice provost for civic engagement and chair of the Provost’s GTAC. “They had a goal and they executed each step to achieve it like a well-oiled machine.” Now the group could finally book travel and begin the design process. The problem was that they didn’t have any actual measurements. “When we meet a recipient here in Durham, we have access to laser scanners, rulers, tape measures and everything else you might need,” said Antoniak. “The prototype for Chris’s prosthetic was based on pictures of his arm sitting next to a ruler.” To help mitigate this problem, Antoniak suggested they split their visit to Haiti into two trips. The first would have Shannon and Antoniak bring several prototypes to actually try on Chris’s arm while also allowing them to take actual measurements. The second would see Shannon travel with club member Joel Tewksbury to deliver the final product. The group prepared for their first visit by printing three version of the prosthetic arm—one at the dimensions of their best guess, one scaled up by 10 percent, and another scaled down by 10 percent. The goal was to have at least one socket that would at least roughly fit to give them an idea of where they stood. As it turned out, the one scaled up by 10 percent was the closest. But it was far from perfect. “The prototype had the arm bending slightly away from his body, which is not quite right,” said Antoniak. “While we were there, we took a plaster cast of the arm so that we could pour a plaster mold once we returned. We also took a 3D scan using a structure scanner, and we took copious measurements with tape measures and calipers. After that, it was ironing out a lot of little details and designing an arm that, if changes needed to be made when we went back, could be tweaked as effectively as possible.” Delivering a Final Product After spending several weeks preparing for the final fitting, Shannon and Tewksbury embarked on a five- day, four-night journey to deliver Chris’s prosthetic arm. The task was nerve-wracking, as the group had to anticipate any obstacles that might pop up that couldn’t be solved with what they brought with them. But the team’s hard work paid off, as only a few minor adjustments were needed. The foam padding buffering between Chris’s arm and the prosthetic’s plastic was a little loose, and the hand grip was not strong enough to allow him to open a new water bottle. The former was a quick and easy fix, while the latter only required a tightening of the gripping device and the addition of non-slip material around the entire gripping device. “We had to adjust the harness to get the size and tightness right as well, but we had planned on that,” said Tewksbury. “As long as the adjustments didn’t need us to design or print anything, we knew we could handle them.” The team also brought replacement parts and a couple of larger sockets with them, and, through the help of a translator and the little bit of Creole Shannon had learned, showed Chris and his family how to swap pieces in and out. Because Chris doesn’t use his amputated left arm for much, the muscles aren’t as developed as they would be otherwise. As he gains new abilities with his prosthetic, and as nature takes its course with a growing boy, his arm will get bigger, and new sockets will be needed. “The materials we delivered should be able to last Chris at least a few years,” said Shannon. “That gives us time to figure out what our next steps will be, whether that means rebuilding him a new arm down the line or getting him in touch with a larger philanthropic organization that can transition him to a more professional prosthetic.” Whatever happens in the future, Chris and his family were very happy and thankful for the group’s efforts. It’s an experience the three Duke seniors won’t soon forget. “The first thing that really struck me was the language barrier,” said Antoniak. “Trying to convince someone to lie down and stick their arm straight up in the air so you can take measurements made for some pretty interesting experiences.” “And even though we were strangers in their home telling them to do all of these weird things, what struck me was the gratitude we saw in their faces,” said Shannon. “They put up with everything and then said thank you at the end. It was such an emotional interaction.”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2943
__label__wiki	0.571198	0.571198	A. S. King Glory O'Brien's History of the Future No Naked Ads -> Here! $urlZ Glory obriens history of.., p.9 Glory O'Brien's History of the Future, p.9 And then one state will make a bold move and pass the Fathers Count Law by refusing welfare assistance to any single mother or her children. I haven’t seen what happens after this yet, but it looks like a lot of people starve and a lot of people leave their homes and look for a life somewhere else. One thing I did see was the collapse of most basic services. Women work in a lot of places. I don’t think any of those lawmakers who passed the laws ever thought about what would really happen when they opened the loophole. Or maybe they did and they just didn’t care. What if we’re stuck like this? Fifty thousand dollars couldn’t take me back to an hour before, when I didn’t know anything about Jasmine Blue’s attempts to steal my father from my mother, and ultimately, me. Fifty thousand dollars couldn’t buy back my father’s will to paint. Couldn’t buy him a time machine where he could burn those pictures and tell Jasmine Blue to leave him alone before Mom found out. It couldn’t buy Ellie a new life, away from Rick, who was now bugging her about breaking up with him. She said he was passing rumors around the commune. And it couldn’t take me back to Saturday night and stop Ellie and me from drinking the bat. “What if it never goes away?” she’d asked on the way home from graduation. “What if we’re stuck like this forever?” “Shit,” I said. “Yeah,” she said. A minute passed. “But seriously. What if we’re stuck like this?” Her question meant more to me than she’d meant it to. What if we’re stuck like this? That was the question I’d been asking about Ellie and me for a long time. I approached the commune’s back field, where Jasmine’s flock had laid out a bunch of tables with snacks and drinks. I looked for Ellie but she wasn’t there yet. At this point, the sky was still pretty bright at the early stages of dusk, and the only planet showing was Jupiter. I stood and listened to the birds in their nests and getting ready to sleep. It was a sound I’d heard a hundred times before, but I’d never really noticed it or something. It was peaceful. It made me feel more comfortable with all my secrets, and now, Dad’s secrets. There was no one around. Maybe they were finishing their dinners. Maybe rolling out their drums from wherever they stored them. Maybe taking naked pictures of themselves to send to other people’s husbands—pictures like thin, lightweight atomic bombs that could disintegrate a family in a nanosecond. Kapow. “Hey!” Ellie came up from behind me. “Hey,” I said. I told her to stop and listen. “Isn’t it weird that birds make completely different noises when they’re bedding down to sleep at night than they do in the morning?” She said, “Duh.” I said, “No, seriously.” She answered, “You need something to eat.” Then we went to the table and loaded up our plates with commune food. I chose two types of paleo crackers made out of what tasted like nuts and berries and pretended to like the almond butter and celery but I hated it, so Ellie took it from me without a word and finished it. It was the friendliest thing she’d done in weeks. We walked toward a blanket that Ellie had already laid out for us. I admit I was concerned about lice. I sat down anyway. “Sorry about today,” she said. “I was so freaked out. This is so…” “Messed up,” I said. “Totally,” Ellie said. “When I got home I saw Rick. And he’s still swearing he didn’t give me those… things.” “He said I probably caught it off a toilet seat or something. Like that’s even possible.” “It’s possible,” I said, annoyed that we were still talking about lice. Annoyed that we weren’t talking about the history of the future of everything. “Not probable,” she said. “I saw naked people again. I can’t see your war or whatever. None of my naked people are toting guns, anyway.” “Heh.” I couldn’t help it. The idea of Ellie seeing naked people after seeing those pictures of Jasmine Blue was funny. And every time I looked at Ellie, I saw Jasmine. I was so mad at her again, even though it wasn’t her in the pictures. “I saw my mom has these two great-grandsons. That was cool.” “You saw the grandsons?” I asked. “Great-grandsons,” she said. “So they must be my grandsons, right? Only child and all that.” “Yeah,” I said. “That’s cool. I can’t—uh—I don’t see any grandkids in my future, anyway.” This was the closest I’d ever come to telling her my secret. But she wasn’t listening. “So… Rick. I don’t know what I’m going to do,” she said. “He lives here.” “And I still like him.” I looked at her sideways. “Seriously?” “I’m… used to him,” she said. “That’s probably more accurate.” We sat and watched the commune people milling around. I thought about what it must be like to be so free. No jobs. No responsibilities. No rent. “So, did you get any sweet graduation presents?” “Just a check from my dad, you know? No party or anything. I mean, why party when there’s a party right next door, right?” More silence. More watching the commune people interact with each other. Even Ellie’s dad was out at the food table, loading up a plate. “Did you get in trouble for coming to graduation?” I asked. “Double chores when I got back,” she said. “I can tell you this: Chickens pretty much have boring futures. Chop chop.” She made the motion with her hand. Chop chop. “But they’re always naked, so at least that’s something.” We laughed. “Did you see much stuff at graduation? I stayed away from people.” “Oh yeah,” I answered. “Crazy stuff. Mostly the war.” “Do you think it’s real?” She said, “I see people living in trees. I saw that. And there was this one thing I didn’t really understand, but everywhere was flooded and people used boats. It was the future, though, so the boats were really cool. It was hot, too, and no one could use air-conditioning anymore because there was no more oil.” “You’re having hippie visions,” I said. “Yeah. I guess.” “I’m having war visions,” I said. “We’re going crazy,” she said. “We’re not going crazy,” I said. “And what’s crazy, anyway?” “How’d you get the marker off your arms?” I asked. “Special soap we use for poison ivy,” she said. She held her arms out for me to see. “It’s still there, though. You just have to look really hard.” I looked hard but couldn’t see in the near darkness. But I knew what it said. Free yourself. Have the courage. “I need a break from this place,” Ellie said. “I want to meet complete strangers and find out what I can see about them.” “Tomorrow we should hit the mall,” I said. “It’s full of complete strangers.” “I hate the mall,” she said. It was a reflex. Jasmine hated the mall, so Ellie had to too, even though I’d hidden her consumerist contraband under my bed through middle school. “It’s not like you’re going to buy anything,” I said. “Trust me. It’s a good spot. A lot of different kinds of people.” Dusk fell into night and the stars came out and we lay on our backs and watched the show. Jasmine Blue organized her drum circle and I was right—I couldn’t look at her without picturing those pictures. “How’s Glory?” Jasmine asked as I filled my plate with more crackers and cheese. She always called me by my third-person name instead o f talking to me like a normal human. Come to think of it, this might have more to do with the same reason Dad wouldn’t call her by her name, either. “Glory is just fine,” I answered. I stared at her. Jasmine’s great-great-grandmother was part of the Underground Railroad. She once helped a family of five move through the night and arrive safely at a nearby station only to see them hanged in the morning. “I understand you graduated from high school today,” she said. “Thanks,” I answered. I could see it on her lips. I could see it lingering there, but she knew she wasn’t allowed to say it. Your mother would be so proud. “I assume you’re heading to college to do something wonderful, right?” “Taking a year off. Figuring myself out. Doing a lot of printing in Darla’s darkroom,” I said. “Oh,” she said. Trying not to look surprised, but failing. “Wow. How interesting.” “Very,” I said. Then Jasmine Blue Heffner scratched herself. Right at the top of her pubic bone. You know the place. She scratched and then writhed a little in discomfort as if there were a bunch of obligate parasites having their own little star party right there in her pants. That little scratch made me look around the commune and wonder what I’d do with it if I took it back. I could do that. It was rightfully mine. A bunch of hippie freaks would be released into the world to find jobs and real lives that had nothing to do with drum circles and paleo crackers. I looked at Jasmine Blue. Transmission from Jasmine Blue Heffner: Her great-grandsons will be part of the New American Army. One will be an officer of the K division, and the other will be trapped inside a burning house during a battle and will melt like vegan cheese. The history of Jasmine’s future ended right there. It made me sad for Ellie, losing her grandsons like that. It made me mad at Jasmine—for everything. She said something to me, but I didn’t hear it over the melting-like-vegan-cheese great-grandson, so I didn’t answer and just kept Jasmine there long enough to make her really uncomfortable. I wanted her to feel like she was in a microwave oven. I wanted her to rotate on the little glass tray. So I looked down at that area—where the Jupiterians might have been living—and I looked back into her eyes before I walked back to the blanket where Ellie was. “What did you see when you looked at my mom?” she asked. “Did you see my grandsons?” “Just some really weird shit about your great-great-great-grandmother being part of the Underground Railroad.” “Sweet,” she said. “Rick is here.” I turned my head to see him. “I wonder if he brought his friends from Jupiter.” We laughed. Ellie made her laugh bigger and more animated. I looked to see what Jasmine Blue’s reaction would be to Rick’s arrival, but she didn’t even look up. I then looked around from woman to woman and I realized none of them looked at Rick. Not one of them. Hard to believe, considering he was wearing a shirt that showed off his tanned, muscular arms. I said, “I’m going to go and find out what I can find out.” Transmission from Rick: Rick’s grandfather was sent to the Korean War as an eighteen-year-old fresh out of high school. He joined the navy the minute he could so he could go and kill the Communists and defeat evil. Rick’s father was educated by nuns. They were not nice nuns. They did things to Rick’s father that Rick knew nothing about. “I heard you graduated from Blue Marsh today,” he said. “Yep. I’m a real smarty-pants now,” I said. “Ellie still pissed at me?” “Um, probably forever, yeah,” I said. “So how come you can come over and talk to me?” “Because I’m not Ellie,” I said. “And because I wanted to tell you that you should stay away from her.” I stared at him. Transmission from Rick the dick: Rick the dick already has two children. One of them lives on this commune. They have curly hair and psoriasis. I didn’t know what to say after that, so I said, “And nothing. Just stay away from her.” I walked away. He said something to my back, but I don’t know what he said. I looked around at the little kids. It was hard to spot psoriasis in the dark. I lay down on the blanket next to Ellie and watched the stars again. There were two shooting stars in a row, and we gasped and said, “Did you see that?” I don’t know what she saw, but I saw everything from the beginning of time to the end of time—all in those meteors. We form. We shine. We burn. Kapow. Glory O’Brien’s History of the Future The Fathers Count Law will be lauded by lawmakers who feel that America has become a welfare state for women who weren’t smart enough to use birth control, even though the same lawmakers are on record as being against birth control. Seems the New America will be run by moronic dipshits. Fantastic. The Fathers Count Law will also call for the end of child support as we know it—no father who no longer lives with his wife and children will be required to pay for their upkeep. “If those mothers didn’t see that fathers count before they left those men, then why should we give them money?” Chalk up more points for the moronic dipshit team who obviously didn’t pay any attention to who-usually-walks-out statistics. In the small print, the Fathers Count Law will allow a husband to abandon his wife if he feels the wife isn’t meeting his personal or domestic needs. But if a woman leaves her husband under any circumstances, she will be breaking the Fathers Count Law. The key for women will be: If you leave, don’t get caught. So smart I watched Ellie look from drummer to drummer in the drum circle. Her eyes grew wide sometimes, as if she was seeing the same carnage I was seeing. Or maybe she was seeing other stuff. Rick’s DNA trail. Her mother’s commune trail. Maybe she would eventually find out that her whole world belonged to me. Rick stayed by the drum circle. Seeing him reminded me to look around for a little kid with curly hair and bad skin. There were two kids playing over by the campfire. I didn’t care enough to go and look at them. So I went to find Mr. Heffner, Ellie’s dad. I figured he’d have something interesting to tell me if I looked at him long enough. Transmission from Ed Heffner: His father was bald and impotent. His grandfather had been bald and impotent. Ed couldn’t help being bald, but he refused to be impotent. And so, he sneaked pills into the commune that helped him not be impotent. His father’s last words to him were “Are you ever going to get a job and grow up?” He didn’t really like his dad that much. He didn’t really like Jasmine all that much. He loved Ellie more than anything. “Congratulations,” he said to me. “Graduation is a big deal,” he said. “I didn’t think we’d see you here tonight.” “Senior week at the shore isn’t really my thing.” I’d been invited. I never RSVP’d. “I hope Ellie graduates soon,” I said. “It was sad not to have her with me today, seeing we started school together and all.” “I hope she graduates soon, too.” I looked at him. What did I have to lose? “Well, Jasmine rules all, right? What can you do about it?” He frowned. I said, “I mean, I couldn’t live across the road all this time and not notice that, right?” “Don’t believe everything your dad tells you,” he said. “Really? Because he tells me a lot.” Ed Heffner looked more uncomfortable than he already had. “Well,” he said. “It’s not as simple as you probably think.” We had a standoff. He stared. I stared. He smiled. I smiled. He frowned. I frowned. Then I said something without even knowing I was going to say “What was my mom like?” This question floated between us. It was an inconvenience. “I mean—was she nice? Funny? Was she depressed?” I didn’t know why I was asking Ed Heffner this, but I was. “Your mom was funny as hell. So smart,” he said. “So smart.” “Huh,” I said. And then silence again—nothing to say. He looked at his hands. “None of us saw it coming. If we had, I think we would have helped. She’d started working in that mall. She wasn’t around much after that. We—uh—were closed-minded about the fact that she got a job.” “She had a job?” Ed looked uncomfortable again. “Maybe you should ask your dad.” “Things come between friends sometimes,” he said. “They sure do,” I said, looking over at Ellie. “I know what things came between Jasmine and my mom.” “Yeah. Jasmine really thought the job was against the whole point of why we moved out here.” “It wasn’t the job,” I said. He looked at me. Transmission from Ed Heffner: His daughter, Ellie, will marry young and he won’t be happy about it. “Well, what was it, then?” he asked. “Maybe you should ask Jasmine,” I said. “I’m pretty sure she knows.” “Well,” he said. “She was a good woman, your mom. You should know that. She left us too soon.” “Thanks,” I said. “You’re the only person who’s ever really talked to me about her like this.” I felt tears forming and my throat closing up around them. He turned to leave and reached his hand toward my shoulder and squeezed. “Talk to your dad. He can tell you.” “I will,” I said, turning from him, too. Then Ed Heffner walked to his house, opened the door and went in and didn’t come out again for the rest of the night. Something about what he said made me want to go back to the darkroom, haunted or not haunted. Why was I afraid of my own mother? I found Ellie talking to a group of younger kids and got her attention. “I’m going to head home. Long day,” I said. Glory O'Brien's History of the Future by A. S. King / Young Adult / History & Fiction / Fantasy / Science Fiction have rating 3.6 out of 5 / Based on25 votes Ask the Passengers The Quest for Hope The Dust of 100 Dogs I Crawl Through It Toshiba-IMSourcing AL14SEB120N 1.20 TB Hard Drive - SAS (12Gb/s SAS) - 2.5" Drive - Internal - 10000rpm - 128 MB Buffer $143.55 Belkin F9K1123 AC1200 Dual Band AC Wireless Route $29.95 Intel NUC NUC7i5BNH Mini PC/HTPC, Intel Dual-Core i5-7260U Upto 3.4GHz, 16GB DDR4, 256GB SSD, WiFi, Bluetooth… $589.99 TP-Link Nano USB Wifi Dongle 150Mbps High Gain Wireless Network Adapter for PC Desktop and Laptops. Supports Win10/8.1/8… $9.99 Samsung Galaxy Tab A 10.1" (32GB + 128GB SD, WiFi Only) Full HD Corner-to-Corner Display, Tablet SM-T510, (International Model)(Black) $239.99	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2945
__label__cc	0.501553	0.498447	Manorial Technocracy This morning I have a post up at the Hedgehog Review on “Our Manorial Elite.” The core idea, as you’ll see if you click through, comes from Cory Doctorow, or rather a historian friend of Doctorow’s. “[Bruce] Schneier calls [our current arrangement] ‘Feudal Security,’ but as the medievalist Stephen Morillo wrote to me, the correct term for this is probably ‘Manorial Security’ — while feudalism was based on land-grants to aristocrats who promised armed soldiers in return, manorialism referred to a system in which an elite owned all the property and the rest of the world had to work on that property on terms that the local lord set.” What the rabble who stormed the Capitol building have unwittingly done is to consolidate (a) the social power of the enormous transnational tech companies and (b) the intimacy of those companies’ connection with the United States government. Given the recent usefulness of Facebook, Twitter, and Amazon to the currently dominant political party, what are the chances that a Democratic Congress will pass legislation curbing their power, or that, should some such bill emerge, a Democratic President would sign it into law? So let me bang this antique drum one more time: You need to own as much of your turf as you can. I explain why and how, in detail, in this essay. Avoid the walled gardens of social media, because at any moment they could appeal to digital eminent domain and move the walls somewhere else, and if they did you’d have zero recourse. Now, to be sure, even when you “own your turf” you don’t really own your turf — as the people who run Parler have recently discovered: they didn’t just lose their access to Apple’s App Store and Google Play, and their data storage account with Amazon’s AWS, they lost their text message and email service provider. I was reminded of just how vulnerable my own digital presence is last year when there were plans to sell the .org domain to a private equity firm. That situation has been avoided for now, thanks in large part to the efforts of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, but there are no guarantees going forward. When I’m on the open web, I own my data — which is a big deal, since the owners of the walled gardens also own your data — but I don’t own the power to share my words and images with others. I hold no brief for Parler, which I am glad to see shut down — it has been a foul thing by any reasonable measure — but as I note in my Hedgehog post, the big social media companies are making up their rules as they go along, and in so doing setting the standards for other, smaller companies to follow. So are the other big companies: As Glenn Greenwald points out, the planning for the assault on the Capitol wasn’t done on Parler, it was done on Facebook — yet we don’t see Apple banning Facebook from its App Store, do we? The smaller, the more vulnerable. If I were to say something controversial enough, my own hosting company, the wonderful Reclaim Hosting, could give me the boot. It’s not at all likely, of course, but my point is that it’s possible. I could be fired by Baylor, Google and Apple could shut down my accounts, I could probably be cut off by my ISP. I think the only thing left would be a landline phone, which, if I’m not mistaken, we in the USA still have fairly strong rights to use. But I don’t have a landline. (Maybe I should remedy that?) It’s possible, then, for any of us to be not just shamed or dragged on social media but really and truly digitally shunned — to be completely cut off from every possibility of electronic discourse and community. I don’t see how you can’t be concerned about this possibility. So even a lawyer for the ACLU — which has in recent years explicitly refused to support speech that it doesn’t approve of — says, “I think we should recognize the importance of neutrality when we’re talking about the infrastructure of the internet.” Until that neutrality in enshrined in law, we are all at the mercy of our manorial technocracy. But if we stay outside the walled gardens, we are safer and more free. I would encourage all of you to ditch Twitter, ditch Facebook (including Instagram), ditch all of them and learn how to live once more on the open web. The future of our democracy just might depend on it. #democracy #open web #socia media #tech	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2948
__label__wiki	0.911134	0.911134	Canadian man's one-off Supreme T-shirt collection expected to fetch millions at Christie's auction Adriana Zhang CTV News Calgary Sky Watch Weather Specialist @AdrianaYZhang Contact Published Tuesday, December 1, 2020 8:37PM MST CALGARY -- A Canadian man’s rare collection of Supreme T-shirts is up for sale. According to Christie’s, it’s the “holy grail” for Supreme collectors, and it’s expected to fetch nearly $2 million USD. It’s owned by 21-year-old James Bogart, and is touted as the first and only complete collection of every Supreme T-shirt sporting the brand’s famous box logo that was released at retail since the brand’s inception in 1994. The Vancouver man said it took him six years to acquire the collection, mostly from the secondary market. Of the 253 shirts, 241 were officially released by Supreme. The other 12 shirts include rare samples and special pieces, like the one-off tie-dye sample that’s believed to have been produced in 2006 or 2007. The box logo was printed on a tie-dye shirt that was supplied by a friend of the brand. Bogart acquired it through an auction for $52,000 USD. “That one was extremely special because there’s only one in the world,” said Bogart, “I know it’s absolutely authentic, I know where it came from, and I know it’s never going to be repeated again.” It’s a task that Bogart was told would be impossible to accomplish. “It was immensely difficult,” said Bogart, “Onlookers would say, ‘Good luck, but we don’t think you’re going to make it’.” For Bogart, the hardest item to acquire was a red box logo printed on a white T-shirt from 1997. “The collector who had it, I had known him for four years and he told me he would do anything for me except sell me that shirt. It was one of the last two shirts [to complete the collection], and I knew I had to move mountains to get it.” Bogart believes he has spoken to thousands of people in his quest, “For some, I’ve had to go through 50 different people before reaching the final person that has the item.” Part of the difficulty comes from establishing an index of T-shirts himself, as Supreme doesn’t have an archive. “The brand itself has never published anything officially, so a lot of it is speculation,” said Bogart, “and there’s a great deal of conversation that surrounds them.” Hype culture Bogart consulted with countless people in the industry to establish exactly what T-shirts to hunt down. Among this group of industry insiders is his friend from Calgary, and owner of Plus, Ibrahim Itani. Plus is a retailer that caters to the growing “hype” culture, driven by the scarcity of limited release products through “drops” and “raffles”. In a traditional drop, you might see people line up outside of a store for days to get their hands on exclusive releases. These days, Itani says, people are more apt to enter a raffle for a chance to buy the limited release product. Many of these coveted items then circulate on the secondary market. In his industry, Itani says authenticity is key. “We’re very particular about the products we bring in,” said Itani, “We work with a lot of the brands directly or through third parties. If we do buy from the secondary market, we have a team of authenticators and if we have any sort of hesitation, even a factory defect, we won’t risk putting it in our store.” In 2017, Itani hired Bogart to work at the first Plus store in Vancouver. Since then, he’s helped Bogart track down and authenticate a number of the items in his collection. Their journey even took the pair to London, U.K., Bogart’s first trip overseas, to witness for themselves a shirt that they didn’t know existed. In early November, Supreme was sold for $2.1 billion USD to VF Corp., parent company of Vans, The North Face, and Timberland. Itani said it’s good timing for the sale of Bogart’s collection. “Having the complete box logo tee collection while the company is at a financial peak is very special,” said Itani, “It only adds value to his collection and the potential end buyer will definitely have something that I think no one will ever be able to accomplish.” Christie’s in New York is presenting “The Box Logo Collection” as a private sale alongside an online auction of other rare Supreme items. It’s the auction house’s first dedicated auction to the U.S. streetwear brand. 21-year-old James Bogart is auctioning off his rare collection of Supreme t-shirts. It's being touted as the first and only complete collection of every Supreme t-shirt sporting the brand's famous box logo since the brand's inception in 1994	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2954
__label__wiki	0.747285	0.747285	Is the Sigma 14mm F1.8 DG HSM Art an Autofocus (AF) Lens? Yes, the Sigma 14mm F1.8 DG HSM Art is an Autofocus lens! Read our detailed Sigma 14mm F1.8 DG HSM Art Review Sigma 14mm F1.8 DG HSM Art Alternatives in Leica L Mount Other Frequently Asked Questions about Sigma 14mm F1.8 DG HSM Art is the Sigma 14mm F1.8 DG HSM Art a Weather Sealed lens? What is the Minimum Focusing Distance of Sigma 14mm F1.8 DG HSM Art What is the Filter Thread Size of Sigma 14mm F1.8 DG HSM Art Does Sigma 14mm F1.8 DG HSM Art have Image Stabilization? Does Sigma 14mm F1.8 DG HSM Art have Aperture Ring? What is the Maximum Magnification Ratio of Sigma 14mm F1.8 DG HSM Art	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2955
__label__wiki	0.69879	0.69879	More Than Half of U Arizona's Fall Classes Will Have an In-Person Component When the University of Arizona's fall semester begins on Aug. 24, instruction will be a mix of in-person and remote learning — with more than half of all classes including an in-person component. The institution is relying on increased cleaning and sanitation, reduced class sizes, mandated face coverings and broadly available testing to proceed with its fall reopening plan, according to a recent statement from President Robert C. Robbins. "There are no risk-free options in the return to our campus," he acknowledged, emphasizing that the university's reopening plan is informed by international and national experts, including former U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Richard Carmona, a professor in the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health and director of the Campus Reentry Task Force. "Our faculty and staff remain our greatest asset, in addition to our students, and I am confident that our broad capabilities, contributions and resilience will enable us to weather this period and emerge even stronger than we are today," Robbins said. Classes will be available in four formats: in-person; flex in-person (a mix of in-person and online elements); live online (synchronous remote learning); and iCourses (asynchronous online courses that can be completed independently via the university's D2L learning management system). Decisions on which courses would have an in-person component were made by faculty in conjunction with their department heads, chairs or directors; students are encouraged to choose courses in the format that best meets their personal and health needs. A critical part of the reopening plan is the university's "Test, Trace and Treat" strategy, which includes diagnostic and antibody testing for students, faculty and staff, contact tracing, a mobile app that notifies campus community members of potential COVID-19 exposures, on-campus medical care and more. In addition, face coverings will be required in all campus buildings and in outdoor areas where physical distancing is not possible. Campus leaders will continue to monitor public health conditions on and off campus and make adjustments to the reentry plan as necessary, Robbins said. For more information, visit the university's COVID-19 website.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2956
__label__cc	0.64165	0.35835	Tag Archives: Sidemen: Long Road to Glory New Releases for the Week of November 17, 2017 Posted on November 16, 2017 by carlosdev (Warner Brothers) Ben Affleck, Gal Gadot, Jason Momoa, Ezra Miller, Ray Fisher, Ciaran Hinds, Jesse Eisenberg, Amber Heard, Jeremy Irons, Amy Adams, Connie Nielsen. Directed by Zack Snyder With Superman no longer in the picture, Earth is facing a threat beyond any it has surmounted up to now. Batman gathers the heroes of Earth – Wonder Woman, Aquaman, The Flash and Cyborg – to stand against the threat of Steppenwolf and his legions but they may not be enough. See the trailer, interviews, clips, featurettes and B-roll video here. For more on the movie this is the website. Release Formats: Standard, 3D, IMAX, DBOX, Dolby, RPX Genre: Superhero Now Playing: Wide Release Rating: PG-13 (for sequences of sci-fi violence and action) (A24) Saoirse Ronan, Odeya Rush, Timothée Chalamet, Laurie Metcalf. A spirited and iconoclastic young woman living in Northern California with a mom who doesn’t understand her confronts the obstacles of growing up as she tries to reconcile her own burgeoning sexuality. The director is writer and actress Greta Gerwig. See the trailer, a clip and a featurette here. For more on the movie this is the website Release Formats: Standard Now Playing: Enzian Theater Rating: R (for language, sexual content, brief graphic nudity and teen partying) Sidemen: Long Road to Glory (Abramorama) Pinetop Perkins, Willie “Big Eyes” Smith, Hubert Sumlin, Marc Maron. Three musicians who helped develop the Chicago blues sound with such legends as Howlin Wolf and Muddy Waters have influenced not only the blues but popular music in general and rock and roll specifically. Late in life, they would win a Grammy on their own. This is their incredible story. See the trailer here. Genre: Musical Documentary Now Playing: Enzian Theater (Monday only) (Columbia) Starring the voices of Steven Yeun, Kristin Chenoweth, Christopher Plummer, Zachary Levi. The story of the first Christmas as seen through the eyes of the animals who were present. Genre: Animated Feature Rating: PG (for some thematic elements) (Lionsgate) Julia Roberts, Owen Wilson, Jacob Tremblay, Mandy Patinkin. A young boy with facial disfigurements attends a mainstream school for the first time. Unsure of himself and self-conscious about his face, he endures bullying but slowly begins to win everyone over in the school with his amazing perseverance and optimistic attitude. See the trailer, clips, interviews, featurettes and B-roll video here. Rating: PG (for thematic elements including bullying, and some mild language) ALSO OPENING IN ORLANDO/DAYTONA: Frank Serpico Khakee: The Power of Police Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru Tumhari Sulu ALSO OPENING IN MIAMI/FT. LAUDERDALE: Aida’s Secrets ALSO OPENING IN TAMPA/ST. PETERSBURG: ALSO OPENING IN JACKSONVILLE: SCHEDULED FOR REVIEW: Posted in Weekly Preview \| Tagged 2017, Amber Heard, Amy Adams, Ben Affleck, Christopher Plummer, Ciaran Hinds, cinema, Cinema365, Connie Nielsen, Ezra Miller, Films, Gal Gadot, Greta Gerwig, Hubert Sumlin, Jacob Tremblay, Jason Momoa, Jeremy Irons, Jesse Eisenberg, Julia Roberts, Kristin Chenoweth, Lady Bird, Laurie Metcalf, Mandy Patinkin, Marc Maron, movies, November 17, Owen Wilson, Pinetop Perkins, Previews, Ray Fisher, Saoirse Ronan, Sidemen: Long Road to Glory, Steven Yeun, The Justice League, The Star, Willie "Big Eyes" Smith, Wonder, Zachary Levi \| Leave a reply Posted on August 20, 2017 by carlosdev It’s not the years; it’s the mileage. (2017) Musical Documentary (Abramorama) Pinetop Perkins, Willie “Big Eyes” Smith, Hubert Sumlin, Marc Maron (voice), Derek Trucks, Joe Bonamassa, Eric Clapton, Joe Perry, Warren Haynes, John Landis, Brad Whitford, Kenny Wayne Shepard, Susan Tedeschi, Bob Margolin, Gary Davis, Ilene Louise Smith, Johnny Winters, Paul Nelson, Bernard “Pretty” Purdie, Bonnie Raitt. Directed by Scott D. Rosenbaum Pinetop Perkins. Hubert Sumlin. Willie “Big Eyes” Smith. They are three giants in the history of the blues and huge influences on the sound of rock and roll. Sumlin was the guitar genius behind Howlin Wolf while Smith and Perkins played drums and piano for Muddy Waters. They have influenced bluesmen like the late Johnny Winters and Bonnie Raitt as well as rockers like Eric Clapton, Joe Perry and the Rolling Stones. None of those three men have really gotten their due; even in their own genre they were overshadows by the men they backed up. They were true sidemen, and while they wore the label with pride they also felt the injustice of it – referring to the bandleaders they played for, Perkins mused “They got all the money and we got all the scraps.” This documentary aims to remedy that. Rosenbaum – who in his debut feature film The Perfect Age of Rock and Roll posited a blues all-star band featuring these three giants and later saw life imitate art when the three men created their own band that would eventually win a Grammy – celebrates the life and art of these three sidemen. There’s a good deal of testimonial from Raitt, Winters, the late Gregg Allman, Eric Clapton, Keith Richards, Joe Perry, Warren Haynes and Joe Bonamassa. Perhaps a little too much; the movie professes a little too much adulation and while the praise is richly deserved, it gets to be a bit much as we hear over and over how great these guys were. We get it; what I really wanted to hear was their story. When the film is concentrating on the story rather than the talking heads, it really hits its stride. All three of the men are natural storytellers and as you might imagine they have some stories to tell. Smith in particular is a delight to watch with an infectious smile and contagious laugh. If one person stands out from this documentary, it’s Smith.. We get a pretty good history from these guys, from their beginnings as the sons of sharecroppers, to their move to Chicago to find better economic opportunities to their days playing for Wolf and Waters and finally after both Wolf and Waters passed away, their days establishing themselves all over again. Some of the stories have a bit of a name-dropping element to them, as when Perkins recalls the time that Jimi Hendrix unexpectedly showed up at a concert, and others are told with gentle affection, as when Sumlin tells about how Clapton got on the notoriously curmudgeon Wolf’s good side by asking him to show them how “Little Red Rooster” was played, even though he was thoroughly familiar with the song. There is some lovely archival footage of Wolf and Waters which is worth its weight in gold and the audio clips of the great blues songs these men were part of will absolutely send chills up your spine. There is a bit of an elegiac tone to the film however; the interviews with Winters and Allman took place before the musicians passed away. Also the three blues men in question have all since passed away – within eight months of each other, Perkins less than a month after the three won their Grammy. Although they are gone, their legend lives on. There is a very real effort underway to get them elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, none of whom are currently inducted in and definitely should be. This is a documentary that should have been made. I would have preferred to hear more from the three gentlemen in question and less from the talking heads, but to be fair Smith, Sumlin and Perkins were interviewed during their final tour back in 2010 and little interview footage otherwise exists. That’s the true shame – the stories and memories that the three men had between them are gone with them. REASONS TO GO: The music is amazing. Smith is absolutely delightful throughout. REASONS TO STAY: More anecdotes and less adulation would have been welcome. The film over-relies on talking heads. FAMILY VALUES: There are some adult themes. TRIVIAL PURSUIT: Perkins earned his only Grammy at age 97 (along with Smith and Sumlin) for Joined at the Hip which makes him the oldest Grammy recipient ever. CRITICAL MASS: As of 8/20/17: Rotten Tomatoes: 100% positive reviews. Metacritic: 86/100. COMPARISON SHOPPING: Twenty Feet from Stardom NEXT: Liza, Liza, Skies of Grey Posted in New Releases \| Tagged Abramorama, Aerosmith, blues, Bonnie Raitt, Brad Whitford, Chicago, cinema, Cinema365, Derek Trucks, Documentary, electric blues, Eric Clapton, Films, Grammy winners, Gregg Allman, Howlin' Wolf, Hubert Sumlin, influential, Joe Bonamassa, Joe Perry, John Landis, Johnny Winters, Kenny Wayne Shepard, Marc Maron, movies, Muddy Waters, musical documentary, Pinetop Perkins, reviews, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Rolling Stones, sidemen, Sidemen: Long Road to Glory, Warren Haynes, Willie "Big Eyes" Smith \| Leave a reply	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2961
__label__wiki	0.921472	0.921472	Tag Archives: Ben Whishaw The Regeneration game: who will be the new Doctor? Matt Smith’s replacement as the Doctor will be announced in a special programme broadcast on Sunday. But with the show enjoying its fiftieth birthday celebrations in November, who will get the top job? It is actually virtually impossible to say but here are a few guidelines based on past regenerations… It is unlikely to be anyone famous. Be warned: even after the new Doctor is announced on Sunday, your first question on hearing the name in question may well be appropriate: who??? For if history has taught us anything about the Doctor Who selection proves, it is that generally less famous names tend to get it. As with James Bond, those casting seem to prefer seasoned relatively familiar actors for the role rather than household names or out and out unknowns. Very famous and successful actors are also less likely to want to be tied down by the role. Who, after all, knew Matt Smith well, when he was selected as the youngest ever Doctor (at 25) in 2010? The actor was a familiar face to fans of TV’s critically acclaimed drama Party Animals (which also featured rising stars Andrea Risborough and Andrew Buchan). But that series was never a ratings hit and few had Smith down as a potential timelord. The same might be said of David Tennant who was booked as the second of the new Doctors in 2005 once Christopher Eccleston quit soon after his first episode had been screened. Tennant was making a name for himself in shows such as Dennis Potter-eque musical drama Blackpool (alongside future Who co-star David Morrissey). He had also starred, more tellingly, in Casanova, a series written by Russell T Davies, who had, of course, revived the science fiction franchise. Tennant was immediately mooted as a possible successor to Eccleston. The role has probably boosted Tennant’s career more than any other actor. He is now a household name and has escaped typecasting. Christopher Eccleston , who was picked to star in the series on its return in 2004 was, in fact, more famous than most new Doctors, perhaps explaining why he relinquished the role so quickly. He had already starred in Our Friends In The North and on the big screen in Gone In Sixty Seconds. Yet he was still less famous than Alan Davies, Richard E Grant and Eddie Izzard: all names thrown into the rumour mill as possible Doctors the time. It is unlikely to be anyone who has already been in the series already. Oddly, a consistent feature of speculation is that someone who has already appeared in the series before will be picked as the next Doctor. This explains why names such as David Morrissey (who did play a sort of alternative Doctor in one Christmas Special, Paterson Joseph (best known as Johnson in Peep Show) and Russell Tovey are sometimes mentioned. Even more bizarrely, John Simm, who played the Master was strongly mooted last time as a successor to David Tennant have been the likes of Alex Kingston, Billie Piper and Jenna-Louise Coleman. Ignoring the fact, only Morrissey, Simm and Joseph on this list would really fit the bill anyway (and the first two were probably too successful to want it), I’m prepared to bet having appeared in the series before would generally count against you being picked as the new Doctor. Although it should be noted Freema Agyeman was picked as assistant in 2006 soon after playing a small role in the show. A female Doctor? This has never happened before but this is the fiftieth anniversary year so why not? The Daily Mail has also stated its opposition to this occurring which seems as good a reason for having a female in the Tardis as any. The element of surprise Several plausible names have been mooted in recent days: Peter Capaldi: Probably a little bit too famous for the role since The Thick of It and with too much to lose. Recent Doctors have tended to be younger too (he is 55) although he would doubtless be great in the role. Ben Whishaw: In theory ideal, but perhaps unlikely as his film career is taking off. Ben Daniels: Possible. Rory Kinnear: Possible. Alex Kingston: No. Jenna-Louise Coleman: Unlikely. I doubt it will be any of these, however. The one certainty here is that the new Doctor will be a total surprise. And even that isn’t certain. The 11 Doctors 1. William Hartnell (1963-1966) 2. Patrick Troughton (1966-1969) 3. Jon Pertwee (1970-1974) 4. Tom Baker (1974-1981) 5. Peter Davison (1982-1984) 6. Colin Baker (1984-1986) 7. Sylvester McCoy (1987-1996) 8. Paul McGann (1996) 9. Christopher Eccleston (2005) 10. David Tennant (2005-2010) 11. Matt Smith (2010 – 2013) Tagged 1963, 2013, 50th anniversary, Alan Davies, Alex Kingston, Ben Daniels, Ben Whishaw, Billie Piper, chris hallam, Christopher Eccleston, Doctor Who, Doctor Who 50th birthday, Eddie Izzard, Is Matt Smith gay, Jenna-Louise Coleman, John Hurt, John Simm, Jon Pertwee, Matt Smith, new Doctor Who announced, Paterson Joseph, Peter Capaldi, Richard E Grant, Rory Kinnear, Russell T Davies, Russell Tovey, science fiction, TARDIS, Tom Baker	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2962
__label__cc	0.706507	0.293493	Home Worship & Creative Leaders Articles for Worship & Creative Avoiding “Chronological Snobbery” in Your Worship Avoiding “Chronological Snobbery” in Your Worship I recently read an article that quoted a megachurch pastor describing why his church hardly ever sings one of their most famous songs anymore, which was written all the way back in the medieval ages of 2012. That’s right: It’s four years old, and it’s already out of the rotation. This is one sad example of what C.S. Lewis described as “chronological snobbery.” It’s an “uncritical acceptance of the intellectual climate of our own age and the assumption that whatever has gone out of date is on the count discredited.” Of course, chronological snobbery can work both ways. In many cases, it leads to an uncritical rejection of anything new, leading to an assumption that whatever has gone before is to be preferred. I like this quote from G.K. Chesterton, describing a different way to view this whole idea of old-versus-new: Real development is not leaving things behind, as on a road, but drawing life from them, as a root. As it pertains to what we sing in church, it’s very important for worship leaders to resist “chronological snobbery,” and instead view the songs that have come before more like roots, from which we can (and should) draw. Yesterday at my church I shared the following article in our weekly newsletter: Did you know that on any given Sunday here at Truro, the songs we sing aren’t just spanning recent years or decades, but are also spanning several centuries? Not only are different musical styles and liturgical prayers converging, but songs that were written just months ago or hundreds of years ago are converging too. How exciting, and what a beautiful reflection of a God whose greatness is unsearchable (Psalm 145:3). In today’s worship guide, you’ll notice that we’ve included the year that each song was written, to help us be more mindful that our congregational worship is an intentional and prayerful blend of old and new, ancient and modern, all for the glory of Jesus Christ. We sang some modern worship songs, we sang old hymns and we even sang “I Exalt Thee.” And the choir knocked the offertory out of the park, singing a gospel anthem, “How Excellent,” that was written in 1990 but re-arranged by David Scott and Bradley Knight in 2012. Some songs were band-led, the opening and closing hymn were led by organ/piano/timpani, and the first song of communion was the choir alone with hand percussion. The organ postlude was “Marche Royale,” composed by J.B. Lully in 1667. Not only is it important that our repertoire span the centuries (though every church will have its own sweet spot, and I wrote on finding the right balance before when I described “thinking in thirds“) but it’s important that our people are aware of this too. Most people have no idea whether the song they’re singing was written two months ago or 200 years ago. So, once and a while, maybe you can point that out to them. Whatever your church setting, denomination or “worship style,” make sure you’re not falling into a trap of discrediting either the old, or the new. Instead, focus on what Harold Best describes as the “ancient path” of worship, which is Jesus himself. And let the “decorations” on the path, (i.e., styles, form, copyright dates, etc.) all exist as a means to exalt Jesus himself, and never as ends unto themselves. Previous articleThree Warnings for Digital Discipleship Next articleChip and Joanna Gaines Called Out for Their Church’s View on Homosexuality https://worthilymagnify.com/ Jamie was born and raised in Florida as a preacher’s kid. Since age 14, he has been leading worship pretty much every Sunday of his life, experiencing all of the joys and trials of church ministry. For over 10 years, Jamie has been writing at his blog, Worthily Magnify, in the hopes of helping worship leaders lead better. In 2006, Jamie married Catherine, and they now have four wonderful kids: Megan, Emma, Callie, and Jacob, who keep them busy, laughing, praying, and very grateful to God. How To Write A Worship Song: 3 Tips To Get Started 9 Skills to Move From Singing Songs to Leading Worship The Importance of Hymns: 5 Reasons You Should Keep Using Hymns in Your Worship Services Why Contemporary Worship Music Is Dead and Decaying 9 Surprises in Worship Services That Made Guests Return 20 One-Sentence Prayers That Will Consistently Change Your Day 40 Songs for Grieving and Funerals 5 Bad Ideas That Will Make Your Service Fake Does God Really ‘Inhabit the Praises of His People’? My Church Started 2021 With a Service of Lament	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2965
__label__wiki	0.725694	0.725694	In Celebration of World Wildlife Day 2021, IFAW Unites with CITES and UNDP for an International Youth Art Contest Geneva/New York/Washington DC, 18 December – In celebration of World Wildlife Day (WWD) 2021, celebrated each year on March 3rd, IFAW, the International Fund for Animal Welfare, is hosting its third annual global art contest in collaboration with the Secretariat of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) under the theme of ‘Forests and livelihoods: sustaining people and planet. Between 240 and 350 million people live in or adjacent to forested areas globally, many of them members of indigenous peoples and local communities with long-standing cultural and social attachment to these environments. The traditional knowledge of these communities who have managed forest ecosystems and its wildlife for centuries, is critical to the conservation of the planet’s most important reservoirs of biodiversity. CITES designated World Wildlife Day 2021 to be focused on the livelihoods of indigenous peoples and rural and local communities. There are few ecosystems on Earth on which so many livelihoods depend, and therefore it is fitting that the interconnectedness of forest ecosystems, their species, and the countless people who live in or near them, will be recognized and celebrated. Building upon the success achieved from previous global youth art contests, the third annual contest engages school-aged children, encouraging a sense of connection between young artists and the diverse forest ecosystems that provide shelter, habitat and resources for both wildlife and people. Last year’s 2020 youth artist winner was 15-year old Tiarn Garland of Australia, with her work titled ‘Here today, but tomorrow?’ depicting a koala clinging to a lone branch as a not-so-distant bushfire ravages a forest in the background. ‘Here today, but tomorrow?’, Tiarn Garland's winning entry to the 2020 contest. This year’s contest is an opportunity to highlight multiple global environmental crises faced by forest ecosystems and the wildlife and humans within, from climate change to biodiversity loss. As children have an affinity for nature, animals, as well as art, the contest gives them a platform for expression while building an even stronger sense of connection with the natural world. According to CITES Secretary-General Ivonne Higuero, "The conservation of forests and forest-dwelling species of wild fauna and flora is essential to the well-being and livelihoods of many communities around the world. Engaging with children and young artists and fostering a deeper understanding of this crucial connection between humankind, forests and forest species, will go a long way in spreading the central message of this year’s World Wildlife Day. We look forward to seeing this year’s entries and how they help to reaffirm the undying interest of the younger generations for species and ecosystem conservation." Danielle Kessler, Acting US Country Office Director of IFAW said, “We are thrilled to continue this important collaboration through our global youth art contest around this critical theme of forests and livelihoods. By increasing awareness of the essential role that such ecosystems play not only within the natural environment but as part of our own individual livelihoods, we are hopeful that the global youth community will further come together as stewards of the natural world, its abundant ecosystems, and diverse wildlife species.” The first day to submit entries is December 18th, and participants can submit electronically through IFAW’s website through February 7th. Twelve semi-finalists and one separate grand prize winner will be chosen by a panel of expert judges by February 22nd. The grand prize winner will be announced as part of the official virtual event held on World Wildlife Day, March 3rd. For additional details on contest rules and instructions, please click here. To arrange interviews, please contact: IFAW: Rodger Correa at +1 202 834 6637 or rcorrea [at] ifaw.org CITES: Francisco Pérez at +41 22 917 1447 or francisco.perezgonzalez [at] un.org UNDP: Sangita Khadka at +1 212 906 5043 or sangita.khadka [at] undp.org About IFAW The International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) is a global non-profit helping animals and people thrive together. We are experts and everyday people, working across seas, oceans, and in more than 40 countries around the world. We rescue, rehabilitate, and release animals, and we restore and protect their natural habitats. The problems we’re up against are urgent and complicated. To solve them, we match fresh thinking with bold action. We partner with local communities, governments, non-governmental organizations, and businesses. Together, we pioneer new and innovative ways to help all species flourish. See how at ifaw.org. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) was signed on 3 March 1973 and entered into force on 1 July 1975. With 183 Parties (182 countries + the European Union), it remains one of the world's most powerful tools for wildlife conservation through the regulation of international trade in over 38,000 species of wild animals and plants. CITES-listed species are used by people around the world in their daily lives for food, health care, furniture, housing, tourist souvenirs, cosmetics or fashion. CITES seeks to ensure that international trade in such species is sustainable, legal and traceable and contributes to both the livelihoods of the communities that live closest to them and to national economies for a healthy planet and the prosperity of the people in support of UN Sustainable Development Goals. About UNDP UNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to end the injustice of poverty, inequality, and climate change. Working with our broad network of experts and partners in 170 countries, we help nations to build integrated, lasting solutions for people and planet. Learn more at undp.org or follow at @UNDP. About the United Nations World Wildlife Day On 20 December 2013, the 68th session of the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 3 March as World Wildlife Day to celebrate and raise awareness of the world’s wild fauna and flora. The date is the day of the signature of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1973. World Wildlife Day has quickly become the most prominent global annual event dedicated to wildlife. It is an opportunity to celebrate the many beautiful and varied forms of wild fauna and flora and to raise awareness of the various challenges faced by these species. The day also reminds us of the urgent need to step up the fight against wildlife crime, which has wide-ranging economic, environmental and social impacts.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2966
__label__wiki	0.890531	0.890531	Still awaiting compensation in Pakistan: one year after Ali Enterprises burnt down Tomorrow German cost-cutter KiK discusses compensation for the victims of the collapse at Rana Plaza during the meeting in Geneva. Meanwhile, survivors of the fire at the Ali Enterprises garment factory in Karachi, Pakistan, still await full, long-term and fair compensation. German retailer KiK remains the only known buyer of Ali Enterprises garments. Families of more then 250 workers killed during fire still awaiting full and long-term compensation Brands and auditing organisations called on to take responsibility for garment factory fire. Today one year ago, when the fire broke out during the late shift, the workers were sewing jeans for KiK, which were left strewn around the debris. The fire killed more then 250 people and left many injured. Investigations into the fire found that workers were trapped inside the overcrowded factory by blocked exits and barred windows. Yet, just weeks before auditors from RINA, an Italian audit company contracted by the Social Accountability Acreditation Services SAAS, visited that factory and awarded it an SA8000 certificate. The SA8000 system, run by Social Accountability International (SAI) is supposed to ascertain that workplaces meet international labour standards and local laws, including on fire and building safety. An investigation carried out into the audit failings showed that fire safety certificates collected by auditors had been issued by an entirely fictitious company. Auditors failed to notice an entire mezzanine floor where many contract workers were employed. Another auditing company UL Responsible Sourcing also audited the factory in 2011 and 2007. In December 2012, following sustained public pressure, Kik signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Pakistani workers' rights organization Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research (PILER), in which they agreed to pay one million US dollars in emergency relief. Most of this has now been distributed to families through a commission established by the Sindh High Court. According to the December MoU the amount paid by Kik is not payment in full, and will be subtracted from the final compensation agreed upon. Long term compensation will be negotiated with all involved stakeholders, employers, audit bodies and possible other buyers, Kik included. SAI, SAAS and Rina have, to date, refused to enter into negotiations on compensation with labour rights groups. Today PILER, together with the National Trade Union Federation Pakistan (NTUF) and other organisations hold a rally with the victims' families and labour and trade unions at 3:00 pm from Regal Chowk to the Karachi Press Club. After the rally will be a seminar on on health and safety issues at the Arts Council at 5:30 pm in Karachi, followed by a music performance by Pakistani singer Jawad Ahmed. Protests will be held in Islamabad, Multan and Lahore. The Clean Clothes Campaign is calling on all stakeholders, including social auditing organisations SAI and Rina, KiK, the Pakistani government and the employer, to actively participate in negotiations to provide full, long-term and fair compensation to the families of those killed and those workers injured in the fire. “The deaths of hundreds of workers at Ali Enterprises has highlighted, in the most tragic way, that audits do not protect workers rights. Worse, it has shown that these organisations have no regard for those workers it claims to be benefiting" says Sam Maher from the Clean Clothes Campaign. “The auditing organisations have to be held accountable for their severe negligence and must take their share of responsibility for compensating the victims. The Clean Clothes Campaign will, together with its partners, continue to take action to make sure that the long term compensation is paid.”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2967
__label__wiki	0.649561	0.649561	MASTER, MATES & PILOTS v. BROWN MASTER, MATES & PILOTS v. BROWN(1991) Argued: November 27, 1990Decided: February 20, 1991 Respondent, an unsuccessful candidate in prior elections of petitioner Union, advised the Union that he would be a candidate in the upcoming 1988 election and requested that he be provided with mailing labels so that he could arrange for a timely mailing of election literature to members prior to the Union's nominating convention. The request was denied because a Union rule prohibited such preconvention mailings. Respondent filed suit under 401(c) of the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (LMRDA), which places every union "under a duty, enforceable at the suit of any bona fide candidate . . ., to comply with all reasonable requests of any candidate to distribute by mail or otherwise at the candidate's expense campaign literature. . . ." The District Court entered a preliminary injunction in respondent's favor, ruling, inter alia, that 401(c)'s clear language required it to focus on the reasonableness of respondent's request rather than on the reasonableness of the Union rule under which the request was denied, that the request was clearly reasonable, and alternatively, that the Union rule was invalid. The Court of Appeals affirmed. Section 401(c) does not require a court to evaluate the reasonableness of a union rule before it decides whether a candidate's request was reasonable. Pp. 473-478. (a) It is undisputed, first, that the case is not moot, even though respondent's campaign literature has been distributed and he lost the 1988 election, because he has run for office before, and may well do so again, and the likelihood that the Union rule would again present an obstacle to his preconvention mailing makes this controversy sufficiently capable of repetition to preserve this Court's jurisdiction; second, that respondent was a "bona fide candidate" within 401(c)'s meaning when he made his preconvention request; and, third, that there is no basis for contending that the request was not "reasonable" under 401(c) apart from the fact that it violated the Union rule. Pp. 473-475. (b) The text, structure, and purpose of Title IV of the LMRDA all demonstrate that 401(c) simply prescribes a straightforward test: Is the candidate's distribution request reasonable? The section's language plainly requires unions to comply with "all reasonable requests" (emphasis [498 U.S. 466, 467] added), and just as plainly does not require union members to comply with "all reasonable rules" when making such requests. Moreover, Congress gave the candidate's 401(c) right a special status not conferred upon other Title IV rights granted union members, which are expressly made subject to "reasonable" conditions imposed by unions, and are judicially enforceable only in actions brought by the Secretary of Labor. A broad interpretation of the candidate's right also is consistent with the statute's basic purpose of insuring free and democratic union elections by offsetting the inherent advantage incumbent union leadership has over potential rank and file challengers. Furthermore, the Union's arguments supporting its position that a request is per se unreasonable simply because it conflicts with a Union rule are unpersuasive. The Union does not advance any other reason for suggesting that respondent's request was unreasonable; thus, the request must be granted. Pp. 475-478. 889 F.2d 58, affirmed. STEVENS, J., delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court. W. Michel Pierson argued the cause and filed briefs for petitioners. Paul Alan Levy argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were Alan B. Morrison and Michael E. Tankersley. James A. Feldman argued the cause for the United States as amicus curiae urging affirmance. On the brief were Solicitor General Starr, Deputy Solicitor General Shapiro, Allen H. Feldman, Steven J. Mandel, and Mark S. Flynn. * [ Footnote * ] Walter Kamiat and Laurence Gold filed a brief for the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations as amicus curiae urging reversal. Michael J. Goldberg, Clyde W. Summers, Helen Hershkoff, John A. Powell, and Susan Goering filed a brief for the Association for Union Democracy et al. as amicus curiae urging affirmance. JUSTICE STEVENS delivered the opinion of the Court. Labor unions have a statutory duty to distribute campaign literature to their membership in response to the reasonable request of any candidate for union office. In this case the union denied such a request because the candidate wanted [498 U.S. 466, 468] the literature mailed in advance of the union's nominating convention and a union rule prohibited such preconvention mailing. The question presented is whether a court must evaluate the reasonableness of the union's rule before it decides whether the candidate's request was reasonable. Like the Court of Appeals and the District Court, we conclude that the statute requires us to give a negative answer to that question. The International Organization of Masters, Mates & Pilots (Union) represents about 8,500 members employed in, or in work related to, the maritime industry. Many of the members are away from home for extended periods of time because they work on ships that ply the high seas. Elections of Union officers are conducted every four years by means of a mail ballot. An International Ballot Committee, which oversees the election, is elected at the convention, and an Impartial Balloting Agency, which conducts the balloting, is also selected by the delegates at the convention. App. 36, 25-26. The ballots are mailed to the membership no later than 30 days 1 after the convention at which candidates are nominated, and must be returned within the ensuing 90-day period. Union rules authorize the mailing of campaign literature at the candidate's expense after nominations have been made, but not before. 2 Any Union member in good standing [498 U.S. 466, 469] may be a candidate; moreover, a candidate may nominate himself. Respondent was an unsuccessful candidate for Union office in 1980 and 1984. On May 9, 1988, he formally advised the International Secretary-Treasurer of the Union that he would be a candidate in the election to be held in the fall, and requested that the Union provide him with mailing labels containing the names and addresses of voting Union members, to be given to a mailing service so that he could arrange, at his own expense, for a timely mailing of "election literature prior to the Convention." Id., at 41. On June 2, 1988, respondent wrote to the International President of the Union advising him that he would be a candidate for that office, that he intended to send his first mailing to the membership on July 6, and that he had not "had the courtesy of a reply" to his earlier letter to the Secretary-Treasurer. Id., at 43. Five days later, the Secretary-Treasurer provided respondent with the following explanation as to why his request could not be accommodated: "Although I can understand your eagerness in wanting to send out your campaign literature early, please be advised that as soon as the rules are established for mailing campaign literature, all candidates will be notified at the same time. "As the practice has been in the past, and the Constitution prescribes, the IOMM & P Convention is the event in which all candidates officially are nominated to run for a particular office. Only after the Convention takes place, and when the Impartial Balloting Agency is designated, will the mailing agency to handle campaign [498 U.S. 466, 470] literature be designated. Please refer to Article V, Section 10 of the International Constitution. This procedure has been established so that each candidate will have a fair and equal amount of time in which to adequately reach the membership and to prohibit any one candidate from having an edge over the other. Id., at 44-45. On June 15, respondent appealed that denial to the Union General Executive Board, 3 repeating his desire for action by July 5. Id., at 46. On July 6, the General Executive Board denied his appeal. Five days later, respondent filed this action under 401(c) of the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (LMRDA), 73 Stat. 532, 29 U.S.C. 481(c). 4 In his complaint, respondent alleged that the convention [498 U.S. 466, 471] was scheduled to begin on August 22 and that he wanted "to encourage the membership to begin consideration of his candidacy and of the issues he hope[d] to raise during his campaign before the deadline for making nominations, both in order to persuade the membership that he should be nominated and elected, and to attract support from individuals who might otherwise be inclined to run for office themselves or to encourage other members to do so. App. 8-9. 5 Two weeks later, after both sides had filed affidavits and a hearing had been held, the District Court entered a preliminary injunction directing the Union and its two main officers "within forty-eight hours, and again in response to any further requests" to deliver the names and addresses of the Union members to a mailing service acceptable to the parties. Id., at 74. The order also provided that respondent should pay for the costs of the mailing service. Id., at 74-75. The District Court based its decision on alternative grounds. First, it held that the clear language of 401(c) required it to focus on the reasonableness of respondent's request, rather than on the reasonableness of the Union rule under which the request was denied. In addition, the District Court concluded that the request to make a campaign distribution approximately one month before the convention was "clearly reasonable," and that, if the application of a Union rule resulted in the rejection of such a request, the rule was invalid. Id., at 77. Second, and alternatively, the District Court held that, even if the standard of review is the reasonableness of the [498 U.S. 466, 472] Union rule, rather than the reasonableness of respondent's request, the rule was unreasonable because preconvention campaigning was essential to introducing a candidate and his ideas to Union members and because the post-convention ballot period of 90 days was inadequate for effective campaigning in a Union whose members' work kept them away from home for substantial periods of time. Id., at 77-78. The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit affirmed. Brown v. Lowen, 857 F.2d 216 (1988). 6 The majority held that the question whether respondent was entitled to have his request granted depended "entirely on whether his request may be said to be reasonable." Id., at 217. This conclusion involved "nothing more than a reading of the plain language of the statute," ibid., and was buttressed by the statutory purpose of ensuring Union democracy: "When the union bureaucracy has exclusive control of the union membership lists, with addresses, as in this case, and that bureaucracy has continuous contact with the union membership and particularly the local union officers, the advantages of incumbency over any attempt of an insurgent to promote his candidacy before or after the quadrennial nominating convention of the union are obvious. By requiring unions to comply with all reasonable requests of candidates for access to the union lists, these advantages of incumbency are reasonably moderated. And it was to provide that very moderation of the advantages of incumbency which was the intention of the Act." Id., at 218. The majority found nothing unreasonable in respondent's request, and rejected the Union's argument that it could limit the time in which literature could be distributed in order to [498 U.S. 466, 473] avoid discrimination, "since any candidate, whether an incumbent or an insurgent, has the same rights as the plaintiff." Ibid. The dissenting judge found nothing unreasonable or discriminatory in the Union's election procedures. According to the dissent, a candidate's request that did not conform to a reasonable union rule was itself "per se unreasonable." Id., at 219. After a rehearing en banc, 7 by a vote of 8 to 2, the Court of Appeals adopted the majority's holding and affirmed the District Court. Brown v. Lowen, 889 F.2d 58 (1989) (per curiam). We granted certiorari, 496 U.S. 935 (1990), to resolve the conflict between the Fourth Circuit's decision in this case and an earlier decision by the Third Circuit in Donovan v. Metropolitan District Council of Carpenters, 797 F.2d 140 (1986). Three important propositions are undisputed. First, even though respondent's campaign literature has been distributed, and even though he lost the election by a small margin, the case is not moot. Respondent has run for office before, and may well do so again. 8 The likelihood that the Union's rule would again present an obstacle to a preconvention mailing by respondent makes this controversy sufficiently capable of repetition to preserve our jurisdiction. See, e.g., Moore v. Ogilvie, 394 U.S. 814, 816 (1969) ("The problem is therefore `capable of repetition, yet evading review,' Southern Pacific Terminal Co. v. Interstate Commerce Commission, 219 U.S. 498, 515 [(1911)]"). [498 U.S. 466, 474] Second, even though respondent's candidacy had not been certified at a post-convention meeting of the Union Impartial Ballot Committee in accordance with the Union's formal election procedures, it is clear that respondent was a "bona fide candidate for office" within the meaning of the statute when he made his preconvention request to distribute campaign literature. 29 U.S.C. 481(c). Section 401(e) of the LMRDA guarantees the right of every union member in good standing to be a candidate subject to the "reasonable qualifications uniformly imposed" by the Union. 9 The Union, in accordance with our opinions in Wirtz v. Hotel Employees, 391 U.S. 492 (1968), and Steelworkers v. Usery, 429 U.S. 305 (1977), does not contend that it would be reasonable to refuse to recognize an eligible candidate until after the nominating process is completed. As we explained in Wirtz: "Congress plainly did not intend that the authorization in 401(e) of "reasonable qualifications uniformly imposed" should be given a broad reach. The contrary is implicit in the legislative history of the section and in its wording that "every member in good standing shall be eligible to be a candidate and to hold office . . . ." This conclusion is buttressed by other provisions of the Act which stress freedom of members to nominate candidates for office. Unduly restrictive candidacy qualifications can result in the abuses of entrenched leadership that the LMRDA was expressly enacted to curb. The check of democratic elections as a preventive measure is seriously impaired by candidacy qualifications which [498 U.S. 466, 475] substantially deplete the ranks of those who might run in opposition to incumbents. "It follows therefore that whether the Local 6 bylaw is a "reasonable qualification" within the meaning of 401(e) must be measured in terms of its consistency with the Act's command to unions to conduct "free and democratic" union elections." 391 U.S., at 499 (footnote omitted). Third, apart from the fact that respondent's request violated the Union rule against preconvention mailings, there is no basis for contending that the request was not "reasonable" within the meaning of 401(c). No question is raised about respondent's responsibility for the cost of the mailing or about any administrative problem in complying with his request. The sole issue is whether the Union rule rendered an otherwise reasonable request unreasonable. The text, structure and purpose of Title IV of the LMRDA all support the conclusion that our inquiry should focus primarily on the reasonableness of the candidate's request, rather than on the reasonableness of the Union's rule curtailing the period in which campaign literature may be mailed. The language of 401(c) explicitly instructs the Union and its officers "to comply with all reasonable requests of any candidate to distribute by mail or otherwise at the candidate's expense campaign literature. . . ." 29 U.S.C. 481(c) (emphasis added). The language of the statute plainly requires unions to comply with "all reasonable requests," and just as plainly does not require union members to comply with "all reasonable rules" when making such requests. Unlike the member's right to run for union office, which is created by 401(e) and made expressly subject to the "reasonable qualifications uniformly imposed" by the Union, and unlike the member's speech and voting rights, which are governed by sections of the LMRDA such as [498 U.S. 466, 476] 101(a)(1) and 101(a)(2), 29 U.S.C. 411(a)(1) and 411(a)(2), and are made "subject to reasonable rules" in the Union constitution, the 401(c) right is unqualified. 10 Moreover, unlike other rights created by Title IV that are judicially enforceable only in actions brought by the Secretary of Labor, the 401(c) right is directly enforceable in an action brought by the individual Union member. Thus, as the language of the statute suggests, Congress gave this right pertaining to campaign literature a special status that it did not confer upon other rights it granted to Union members. The special purpose of Title IV was to insure free and democratic union elections. See Wirtz v. Glass Bottle Blowers, 389 U.S. 463, 470 (1968). The statutory guarantees are specifically designed to offset the "inherent advantage over potential rank and file challengers" possessed by incumbent union leadership. Id., at 474. One of the advantages identified by Archibald Cox in his testimony in support of the Act is the incumbents' control of "the union newspaper, which is the chief vehicle for communication with the members." 11 A broad interpretation of the candidate's right to distribute literature commenting on the positions advocated in the union press is consistent with the statute's basic purpose. The Union advances three related arguments in support of its position that mailing requests should be considered unreasonable if they do not comply with nondiscriminatory rules [498 U.S. 466, 477] that have been adopted through democratic procedures. First, the Union correctly notes that any fair election must be conducted in accordance with predetermined rules, and that the reasonableness of any election-related request must be evaluated in view of those rules. Second, it argues that the rule at issue furthers its duty to avoid discrimination in the conduct of the election. Third, it relies on the congressional policy of avoiding unnecessary intervention in the internal affairs of labor unions. We find these arguments unpersuasive. Rules must, of course, be adopted to govern the process of nominating candidates, casting ballots, and counting votes. Moreover, in connection with the process of distributing campaign literature to the membership, rules that establish the procedures for making mailing requests, selecting a mailing agent, and paying the cost of the mailing, are no doubt desirable. The justifications underlying such rules (uniformity of treatment, reduction of administrative burdens) and the fair notice provided to candidates by the existence and publication of such rules all would be relevant in determining whether a request is reasonable. But these concerns in no way dictate a rule prohibiting mailings before a nominating convention. Here, in particular, a preconvention mailing would not place any burden on the Union, because the candidate must assume the cost of the mailing. Moreover, in union elections, as in political elections, it is fair to assume that more, rather than less, freedom in the exchange of views will contribute to the democratic process. Here, respondent, by his request for a preconvention mailing, hoped to provide Union members with "more information," with which to inform their voting decisions. App. 14. The concern about discrimination among individual candidates is surely satisfied by a rule that allows any candidate access to the membership before the convention as well as by a rule that denies all candidates such access. Indeed, arguably opening the channels of communication to all candidates [498 U.S. 466, 478] as soon as possible better serves the interest in leveling the playingfield, because it offsets the inherent advantage that incumbents and their allies may possess through their control of the union press and the electoral lists during the four years in which they have been in office. The policy of avoiding unnecessary intervention into internal union affairs is reflected in several provisions of the LMRDA. We have already referred to the fact that the right to hold union office protected by 401(e) is "subject to . . . reasonable qualifications uniformly imposed." 29 U.S.C. 481(e). Similarly, the provision in 101(a)(1) of the LMRDA, 29 U.S.C. 411(a)(1), governing the right to nominate candidates, to vote in elections, and to attend union meetings is expressly made subject to the union's "reasonable rules and regulations." Moreover, the member's right to speak freely at union meetings is "subject to the organization's established and reasonable rules pertaining to the conduct of meetings." 29 U.S.C. 411(a)(2). These expressions of respect for internal union rules are notably absent in 401(c). Section 401(c) simply prescribes a straightforward test: Is the candidate's distribution request reasonable? Having dispensed with the Union's argument that a request is per se unreasonable simply because it conflicts with a Union rule, we need only note again that, in this case, the Union does not advance any other reason for suggesting that respondent's request was unreasonable. The Union does not contend, for example, that respondent's request caused administrative or financial hardship to the Union, or that it discriminated against any other candidate. In the absence of any showing by the Union as to the unreasonableness of the request, we hold, consistent with the lower courts' findings, that respondent's request was reasonable, and must be granted. The judgment of the Court of Appeals is affirmed. [ Footnote 1 ] In the 1980 and 1984 Union elections, the ballots were mailed on the 30th day. App. 57. [ Footnote 2 ] An affidavit of the International President of the Union describes the procedure: "The procedure followed under the IOMM & P Constitution for distribution of campaign literature does not permit access to the mailing list for distribution until after nominations have been made. No candidate, including incumbents, may use the mailing list for this purpose before this time. The International Ballot Committee meets after the close of the convention and reviews the qualifications of candidates to ensure their eligibility. Candidates are required to accept nomination within ten days and to certify that they are not prevented from holding office (Article V, [498 U.S. 466, 469] section 5). Once all candidates are certified, the Impartial Balloting Agency notifies all candidates at the same time of the conditions for distribution of literature. The mailing agency is selected by the Impartial Balloting Agency, and is not the same mailing agency used for other communications to members." Id., at 60-61. [ Footnote 3 ] Between conventions, the Union is governed by a General Executive Board, consisting of the International officers and the vice presidents. Id., at 18-19. [ Footnote 4 ] Section 401(c) of the LMRDA provides: "Every national or international labor organization, except a federation of national or international labor organizations, and every local labor organization, and its officers, shall be under a duty, enforceable at the suit of any bona fide candidate for office in such labor organization in the district court of the United States in which such labor organization maintains its principal office, to comply with all reasonable requests of any candidate to distribute by mail or otherwise at the candidate's expense campaign literature in aid of such person's candidacy to all members in good standing of such labor organization and to refrain from discrimination in favor of or against any candidate with respect to the use of lists of members, and whenever such labor organizations or its officers authorize the distribution by mail or otherwise to members of campaign literature on behalf of any candidate or of the labor organization itself with reference to such election, similar distribution at the request of any other bona fide candidate shall be made by such labor organization and its officers, with equal treatment as to the expense of such distribution. Every bona fide candidate shall have the right, once within 30 days prior to an election of a labor organization in which he is a candidate, to inspect a list containing the names and last known addresses of all members of the labor organization who are subject to a collective bargaining agreement requiring membership therein as a condition of employment, which list shall be maintained and kept at the [498 U.S. 466, 471] principal office of such labor organization by a designated official thereof. Adequate safeguards to insure a fair election shall be provided, including the right of any candidate to have an observer at the polls and at the counting of the ballots. 29 U.S.C. 481(c) (emphasis added). [ Footnote 5 ] A few days after the lawsuit was filed, a representative of the Department of Labor wrote letters to both parties expressing the view that the Union's denial of respondent's request violated 401(c), and was therefore unlawful. See App. 52-54; see also Brief for United States as Amicus Curiae 4. [ Footnote 6 ] The Court of Appeals explained that "[alt]hough the order of the district judge related to an application for a preliminary injunction, the granting of the motion in effect constituted a decision on the merits," and thus it reviewed the case on the merits, and "affirm[ed] the decision of the district court as one on the merits." 857 F.2d, at 216. [ Footnote 7 ] Although the Secretary of Labor had not participated in any of the earlier stages of this litigation, she filed a brief as amicus curiae in support of respondent and participated in oral argument before the en banc panel. [ Footnote 8 ] Indeed, because of irregularities in the conduct of the 1988 election, the Secretary of Labor has persuaded the District Court to order a new election. Respondent remains a candidate for the office of International President in that election. However, presumably at this time no question concerning preconvention mailings remains open in connection with the 1988 election. [ Footnote 9 ] Section 401(e) provides in relevant part: "In any election required by this section which is to be held by secret ballot a reasonable opportunity shall be given for the nomination of candidates and every member in good standing shall be eligible to be a candidate and to hold office (subject to section 504 and to reasonable qualifications uniformly imposed) and shall have the right to vote for or otherwise support the candidate or candidates of his choice, without being subject to penalty, discipline, or improper interference or reprisal of any kind by such organization or any member thereof. 29 U.S.C. 481(e). [ Footnote 10 ] "[W]here Congress includes particular language in one section of a statute, but omits it in another section of the same Act, it is generally presumed that Congress acts intentionally and purposely the disparate inclusion or exclusion." Russello v. United States, 464 U.S. 16, 23 (1983) (quoting United States v. Wong Kim Bo, 472 F.2d 720, 722 (CA5 1972)); see General Motors Corp. v. United States, 496 U.S. 530, 537 -538, 541 (1990). [ Footnote 11 ] Hearings on S. 505 et al. before the Subcommittee on Labor of the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, 86th Cong., 1st Sess., 134 (1959). Consistent with Archibald Cox's observations, the Union newspaper here was also "the principal and only regular source of news which members have about union affairs." App. 13. [498 U.S. 466, 479]	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2970
__label__wiki	0.6007	0.6007	C Diff Foundation Junior Infection Fighter Program was introduced to families and their children/teens in Chester County, Pennsylvania on October 12, 2019. Dayle Skelly, Director of the Junior Infection Fighter Program and C. diff. A survivor said, “There shouldn’t be an age limit for raising awareness of infection prevention. Children are our future and take forth the torch of knowledge to be shared with everyone in each community.” The volunteer program has been developed for children/teens ages 7 to 14, with the participation and support of their parents/legal guardian and supervision of C Diff Foundation adult volunteers. C Diff Foundation’s Junior Infection Fighters Program Mission: “To educate and advocate for infection prevention with the children and teens and to inspire their social, academic, personal, and health care knowledge. To partner with parents, sharing the same mission, to prepare the Junior Infection Fighter Volunteers to be members of ever-changing global health care in societies worldwide.” C Diff Foundation’s Junior Infection Fighter guidelines have been brought to fruition, under the direction of a leading infection preventionist, Maureen Spencer, RN, M.Ed., CIC. Ms. Spencer has been an Infection Preventionist for over 30 years and board certified in infection control (CIC). As one of the early pioneers in infection control, she was awarded the APIC National Carole DeMille Award in 1990 and was selected as one of the APIC Heroes of Infection Prevention in 2007 for her work in establishing a MRSA and Staph aureus Elimination Program at New England Baptist Hospital, an Orthopedic Center of Excellence in Boston. The groundbreaking work was published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Teena Chopra, MD, MPH Joins Ms. Spencer — Dr. Teena Chopra is an infectious disease specialist in Detroit, Michigan and is affiliated with multiple hospitals in the area, including Karmanos Cancer Center and DMC Harper University Hospital. She received her medical degree from Dayanand Medical College and has been in practice between 11-20 years. She also speaks multiple languages, including Punjabi. Ms. Spencer and Dr. Teena Chopra, MD, MPH, are Co-Directors of Infection Prevention Education of the C Diff Foundation’s Junior Infection Fighters Program. “We work together to carve new paths in the multi-faceted patient and family programs offered by C Diff Foundation. Together we build awareness and advocate for C. diff. infection prevention, treatments, clinical trials, antibiotic-resistance, and environmental safety worldwide. We are truly grateful to the dedicated members taking the C Diff Foundation’s mission to greater levels changing lives, and saving lives across the globe,” said Nancy C. Caralla, Founding President, C Diff Foundation. Interested in joining the Junior Infection Fighter Team? Contact the main office: (727) 205-3922 for more information or email: info@cdifffoundation.org Hand-Washing is Number One in Infection Prevention Worldwide. It Will Be Helpful To Follow Simran, a C Diff Foundation Junior Infection Fighter, As She Demonstrates How To Accomplish the Correct Steps In Hand-Washing You do not have sufficient freedom levels to view this video. Support free software and upgrade. How to Properly Wear a Mask, Demonstrated by one of the younger Junior Infection Fighters Members, Simran with Dr. Teena Chopra, MD, MPH To view the Virtual Holiday Gathering, click on the graphic above. Children and Adults of all ages …….. enjoy the show! https://cdifffoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/video-1606495168.mp4?_=1 (Created under the supervision of Teena Chopra, MD) About The C Diff Foundation: C Diff Foundation, a 501(c)(3) established in 2012, comprised of 100% volunteering professionals is dedicated to supporting public health through education and advocating for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) prevention, treatments, clinical trials, AMR, and environmental safety worldwide. Listen to “C.diff. Spores and More” Tuesdays at 1 p.m. ET (www.cdiffradio.com), sponsored by Rebiotix, a Ferring Pharmaceuticals company.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2971
__label__cc	0.604139	0.395861	Capital ẞ Capital (economics) Boston University (most commonly referred to as BU or otherwise known as Boston U.) is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. The university is nonsectarian, but is historically affiliated with the United Methodist Church. The university has more than 3,800 faculty members and 33,000 students, and is one of Boston's largest employers. It offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctorates, and medical, dental, business, and law degrees through eighteen schools and colleges on two urban campuses. The main campus is situated along the Charles River in Boston's Fenway-Kenmore and Allston neighborhoods, while the Boston University Medical Campus is in Boston's South End neighborhood. BU is categorized as an RU/VH Research University (very high research activity) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. BU is a member of the Boston Consortium for Higher Education and the Association of American Universities. The university counts seven Nobel Laureates, twenty-three Pulitzer Prize winners, nine Academy Award winners, and several Emmy and Tony Award winners among its faculty and alumni. BU also has MacArthur, Sloan, and Guggenheim Fellowship holders as well as American Academy of Arts and Sciences and National Academy of Sciences members among its past and present graduates and faculty. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Boston_University Capital may refer to: Capital city, the area of a country, province, region, or state, regarded as enjoying primary status, usually but not always the seat of the government Capital letter, an upper-case letter in a writing system Capitals (typeface), a small-caps serif typeface Illuminated capital in a manuscript Capital punishment, the death sentence Capital (architecture), the crowning member of a column or a pilaster Capital (fortification), a proportion of a bastion Colleges, seminaries, and universities Capital Bible Seminary, the seminary component of Washington Bible College with its main campus in Lanham, Maryland Capital Community College, a community college in Hartford, Connecticut Capital University, a four-year private university in Columbus, Ohio Capitol College, a private, non-profit, and non-sectarian college located just south of Laurel, Maryland Penn State Harrisburg, also called: The Capital College[citation needed], an undergraduate college and graduate school of the Pennsylvania State University, in Middletown, Pennsylvania This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Capital Capital sharp s (ẞ) is the majuscule of eszett. Sharp s is unique among the letters of the Latin alphabet in that it has no traditional upper case form. This is because it never occurs word-initially in German text, and traditional German printing (which used blackletter) never used all-caps. When using all-caps, traditional spelling rules required the replacement of ß with SS. However, in 2010, the use of the capital ẞ became mandatory in official documentation in Germany when writing geographical names in all-caps. There have been repeated attempts to introduce a majuscule ß. Such letterforms can be found in some old German books dating back to the late 19th century and some later signage and product design. One of the best known examples is the East German 1957 Duden. Inclusion in Universal Character Set A proposal by Andreas Stötzner to the Unicode Consortium for the inclusion of capital double s in the Universal Character Set was rejected in 2004, on the basis that capital ß is a typographical issue, and therefore not suitable for character encoding. A reworked version of Stötzner's proposal was submitted on 25 April 2007 by DIN. The proposal suggested the Unicode name LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S. The proposal has been adopted and the character was added as Unicode character "ẞ" U+1E9E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S when Unicode 5.1 was released, on 4 April 2008. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Capital_ẞ Capital is a type of good that can be consumed now, but if consumption is deferred, an increased supply of consumable goods is likely to be available later. Adam Smith defines capital as "That part of a man's stock which he expects to afford him revenue is called his capital." Capital is derived from the Latin word "caput" meaning head, as in "head of cattle". The term "stock" is derived from the Old English word for stump or tree trunk, i.e. something that grows over time. It has been used to refer to all the moveable property of a farm since at least 1510. In Middle Ages France contracted leases and loans bearing interest specified payment in heads of cattle. In economics, capital goods, real capital, or capital assets are already-produced durable goods or any non-financial asset that is used in production of goods or services. How a capital good is maintained or returned to its pre-production state varies with the type of capital involved. In most cases capital is replaced after a depreciation period as newer forms of capital make continued use of current capital non profitable. It is also possible that advances make an obsolete form of capital practical again. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Capital_(economics) bostoniacapital.com kenyacapitalmarkets.com kiribaticapital.com abidjancapital.com polynesiacapital.com capitalwellbeing.com v12capital.net phnompenhcapital.com mexicocitycapital.com bruneicapital.com dominicanrepubliccapital.com arcticresourcescapital.com venturecapitalstartup.com capitalmanagementcompanies.com taipeicapital.com indiabusinesscapital.com capitalfarming.com appliedcapitalcity.com emiratesventurecapital.com	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2973
__label__wiki	0.639725	0.639725	Home/Events/Second Hand Rose No Late Bloomer Second Hand Rose No Late Bloomer Kathryn Bernheimer August 21, 2011 Events Comments Off on Second Hand Rose No Late Bloomer Q: What New York born Jewish singer and comedienne was launched to fame by Jewish Broadway impresario Flo Ziegfeld? A: Fanny Brice Fanny Brice was the stage name of Fania Borach, the third child of relatively well-off saloon owners of Hungarian Jewish descent. In 1908, Brice dropped out of school to work in a burlesque revue, and two years later she began her association with Florenz Ziegfeld, headlining his Ziegfeld Follies from 1910 to 1911. She was hired again in 1921 and performed in them into the 1930’s. In the 1921 Follies, she was featured singing “My Man” which became both a big hit and her signature song. The second song most associated with Brice is “Second Hand Rose,” which she introduced in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1921. Thirteen years after her death, she was portrayed on the Broadway stage by Barbra Streisand in the musical “Funny Girl” and its 1968 film adaptation. Join Menorah for a celebration of Jewish New York, honoring Professor David Shneer. Sunday, September 18, 5:30 pm at the Avalon Ballroom. To register for “New York, New York” click here. Questions? contact Kathryn@boulderjcc.org or visit www.boulderjcc.org. Tags boulder Jewish menorah new york trivia About Kathryn Bernheimer Kathryn has spent her professional life writing about, teaching, and presenting the arts. Founding Director of the Boulder Jewish Film Festival, Kathryn was Director of Menorah and ACE at the Boulder JCC from 2003 through August, 2019. The former film and theater critic for the Boulder Daily Camera, Kathryn is the author of "The Fifty Greatest Jewish Movies" and "The Fifty Funniest Films of All Time." kathryn.bernheimer@gmail.com Previous Dylan Friedman Bar Mitzvah Next Jewish Themes in Solo Show at BIFF Weekly Edition: January 15th, 2021 Weekly Edition: January 8th, 2021 New Year’s Weekly Edition: January 1st, 2021 Weekly Edition: December 18th, 2020 Weekly Edition: December 4th, 2020 At the heart of the Sage-ing® work is this deep immersion into all that Reb … I want to invite you to an excellent discussion on the JCPOA (the Iran Nuclear Deal) that Trump has tried to destroy and likely will be President-Elect Biden’s first major foreign policy initiative.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2975
__label__wiki	0.766547	0.766547	Arkhaven Comics Another Star Wars Failure, Alan Tudyk Not Playing K-2SO In First Season Of Andor Series Johnny Depp Should Be In Upcoming Pirates of the Caribbean, Says Franchise Co-Star Kevin McNally Armie Hammer Apologizes For NSFW Photo Posted To Private Instagram Account Catholic Radio Host Says Enola Holmes Is "The Most Evil Movie To Ever Be Made” ReviewsMovie Reviews Movie Review: Captain Marvel – Should You Go See It? Donald Edmonds Movie Reviews, Movies, Reviews We’ve all watched as the review scores for the movie have gone through the roller coaster. It’s hard to pinpoint where this film lies on the scale in terms of Marvel Cinematic films. Is it worse than Thor: The Dark World? Is it better than Black Panther? A lucky few had the privilege of seeing the film early and have thrown their two cents into the pile of opinions out there. Despite the run of opinions from any side of whatever aisle, I saw the film and wanted to judge for myself. I encourage folks to do the same, as sometimes a film might be decried by critics but lauded by audiences, as was the case for Venom. Or vice versa as was the case for The Last Jedi. So here’s my two cents, for what it’s worth. The setting is essentially in two places, the Kree homeworld Hala and Earth. And all of it is during the 90’s. That means we are introduced to younger versions of some characters we might know from other films, while introducing some others we may not be familiar with. As a tie-in with the greater Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), we see Nick Fury as a younger version of himself, using the digital de-aging technology introduced in Captain America: Civil War. Star-force with the guy from Guardians of the Galaxy, Korath the Destroyer, and there are some scenes with Ronan the Accuser, the main villain from Guardians of the Galaxy. But this is the story of Carol Danvers. Not so much her story from the beginning, but somewhere in the middle. She’s already powerful, and we get glimpses of her origins during flashbacks in the film. But the film is dealing with two battles. The first battle is Carol finding out about her past. The second is Carol fighting the baddies. There are times where the line between the two are blurred, and for good reason. However, at times it may throw you for a loop, and the structure of it might make it all the more confusing. It’s a classic move in the story that a hero is taking on a noble cause. Her story hits on some of the same beats asIron Man, where the antagonist believes themselves to be on the right path, until they discover things are not what they seem. The film plays with Carol’s past memories as a narrative explaining who she is and her toughness in the face of adversity. It does the job of showing rather than telling for the most part. There are some sections of the film that were harder to wrap my head around, and maybe upon second or third viewings I might get a better grasp. But I don’t think a movie should have to do that, so it loses me a bit there. As for Brie Larson’s portrayal of the hardened soldier Carol Danvers, there’s a trouble in her performance that doesn’t sell it to me. I get that she is supposed to be snarky, witty, and somewhat of an ass to make her point to others. And it’s shown in various points throughout the film. It’s just that I don’t think she has the charisma to deliver that to the audience. It’s not a knock on her acting ability, but I think that mean-spirited ass hat was a role written for someone else the casting directors had in mind. But I believe she really grabs my attention as an actor when she realizes she’s wrong. There is a point in the film, where everything is turned on itself, and Carol has that Tony Stark moment in Iron Man and the reality she’s been living changes drastically. It’s at this point, where Brie Larson reveals her culpability, her vulnerability, and ultimately her humanity, where I think the character shines the most. A good runner-up to that would be her displays of anger. It’s good to see such raw emotion poured into a punch, or just blasting her way out of a crowd. She doesn’t do it all the time, but she has some moments where I buy that she’s a badass. I think Marvel writers would do well to take note of that and push the character more into that direction in other films. The Villain The Skrulls are played off as perfect villains. There were some questions about the intentions of the alien race, and they are answered by the end of the second act. The misdirection plays a huge part in the film especially when it comes to the Skrulls. In the comics, more specifically in their introduction in Fantastic Four, the Skrulls sought to invade the human race through mimicking the first super-powered family and using their the shape-shifting and advanced technology. The real heroes thwarted their plans and sent them packing back to their home world. Then we got the whole Secret Invasion storyline. This is not that. Yeah, the Skrulls have the same look and abilities from the comics, but their intentions are completely different to those in the comics. More specifically, we have to talk about Talos, the Skrull superior in this film, who serves as the main antagonist. Ben Mendelsohn plays the head Skrull. His performance in the human guise is menacing, and quite convincing as someone trying to play someone else – but when he is in his “true” form as a Skrull, that’s when I find him even more believable. The Star Force There’s not much to talk about when it comes to the Star Force. They have a little quibble at the beginning of the film. We don’t get to know who they are, or what they are truly after. Ultimately, they serve no more than background players. In fact, the only one who has any more screen time than the rest is Korath the Pursuer, played by Djimon Hounsou. And he’s mostly there as a call-back to his appearance in Guardians of the Galaxy as part of the Kree alliance. Let’s talk about Yon-Rogg played by Jude Law. He’s a bit of a controlling jerk during the first part of the film. This is pretty much the case for the rest of the movie. But there are layers of hidden intentions for his character that come to light as the film carries on. I actually enjoyed his performance, serving as sort of a harsh teacher to Brie Larson’s character. I’m hoping to see more of him in subsequent films. The Kree warrior’s leader is none other than another callback to Guardians of the Galaxy, Ronan the Accuser played by Lee Pace. I would’ve loved to see Pace redeem the character for this movie where I thought his portrayal in GOTG was weak. His character is given precious little time on screen. He doesn’t chew up the time as much as Yon-Rogg or even Korath. Heck, even the individual Star Force members have more screen time than him. The Earth Guys and Gals The portrayal of Nick Fury in this film throws me for a loop. It’s not that much of a spoiler, as we can get a sense of what kind of person he is during just from the trailers. This is a kid, inexperienced, and immature with his actions as he is with his profession. This is not the hardened soldier who served all the time in warfare and espionage. Even though his character says it in the film. Most of all, it seems like there is a vast disconnect between this version of Nick Fury and the one we see show up at Tony Stark’s place at the end of Iron Man. Although we see a younger Phil Coulson, played by Clark Gregg, it’s like he’s hardly in the film. I suppose it’s a call back to his first appearances in the MCU where he just showed up for one or two scenes. Annette Bening was a surprising performer for me. I can’t go into too much detail about her portrayal of her character in the film, but I think this one knocked it out of the park for me. She sold her character, despite some weird plot details that just don’t add up for me regarding her involvement. Maria Rambeau played by Lashana Lynch made more sense to me. Her friendship with Carol was solid, believable, and heartfelt. She sold it way more than what Brie could. I’m really hopeful that Marvel will use her in some other capacity in other films. The cat… We have to talk about the cat. But I think this plays into more of another part I’d like to talk about. Avengers: Infinity War had stakes in it, serious and pressing. But it still managed to dig in some timely humor into some well-delivered lines. Black Panther managed to get a few chuckles out of me. And this is even when there was a deep story about two boys taking different paths. The feel of this movie was all serious, all the time. And the humor they tried to fit in just didn’t land right with me. It took me out of the film whenever they tried to do it. Brie Larson in particular didn’t serve as any comedic relief for any of her lines. Her comedy is better served with a hot can of whoop-ass rather than any witty lines. Captain Marvel smashing an old woman’s head into a metal pole got the whole theater audience laughing. And then there’s the cat. The cat, is more than what it seems. When the reveal finally happens, it isn’t that amusing. In fact, the cat suddenly appears out of nowhere during a scene. And Nick Fury, just as suddenly, bonds with the cat. And then we get to the third act of the film. There are some structure problems with the plot that really don’t mix well. I felt some of the same hesitations with the plot during the third act of another popular film with a female protagonist, Wonder Woman. Of course, it falls into some of the same traps that other Marvel films do. Big CGI fight between the protagonist and the villain. The winner sparing the villain so they can gain more power and fight in some future sequel. There are some things to like about the film. It says something about rising up in the face of adversity. There’s a beat in there about the powerful bonds of friendship. We get visual spectacles of alien worlds and super-powered heroes dialed up to 11. However, we have questions about a few things and we really don’t get answers for them. We are buying into something when prior knowledge of that something says otherwise. And the main character has something to sell. But there’s so many other things going on. And I don’t think the film can truly make it about the main thing on sale. Movie Review: Captain Marvel - Should You Go See It? Visual effects for alien worlds are stunning Themes of friendship/perseverance strongly emphasized in film moments Strong performances from supporting cast members Larson doesn't quite find her footing in the role Humor seems forced at times, and doesn't deliver well Final act suffers from being too rushed and leaves viewers with more questions than answers Get My Bounding Into Comics Newsletter Donald enjoys short walks on the beach and long sessions at the gym. He graduated with a B.A. in Communications and a minor in English. Always a sucker for a good story and great art, he often takes deep dives into Marvel history for fun speculation on what the future of a franchise might be. Spencer Baculi Catholic Radio Host Says Enola Holmes Is “The Most Evil Movie To Ever Be Made” JB Augustine By subscribing, you agree to receive email communication from Bounding Into Comics. Copyright 2018, Bounding Into Comics. Disclosure Information: Some of the organizations with products on our site may pay us a referral fee or affiliate commission when you click to apply for those products.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2976
__label__wiki	0.799078	0.799078	Front Page » Archives » June 2009 » " MN Supremes Hear Oral Argument on Coleman Appeal " MN Supremes Hear Oral Argument on Coleman Appeal Coleman Attny: 'Send it back to 3-judge panel'; Franken Attny: 'Confident' he'll be seated... By Ernest A. Canning on 6/1/2009, 10:42am PT Guest Blogged by Ernest A. Canning From their respective press conferences following today's oral argument at the Minnesota Supreme Court on former Senator Norm Coleman's appeal of the results of his U.S. Senate election contest... "We are asking that the court send it back to the three judge panel to apply the same standard as election night...Our case is in the offers of proof." - Coleman attorney Joe Friedberg "The most important question is how long it will take to enfranchise 4,000 Minnesotans." - Former Senator Norm Coleman "With a ruling from the State Supreme Court we’ll be at the end of this process...I am confident that at the end of the process...Al Franken will be seated." - Franken attorney Marc Elias Minnesota held a general election for a U.S. Senate seat on Nov. 4, 2008. By way of a machine-count of paper ballots, incumbent Republican Senator Norm Coleman led his Democratic challenger Al Franken by 206 votes. As this was less than one-half of one percent of the total vote, it triggered an automatic, state law mandated hand count, which commenced on Nov. 19, 2008 and ended on Jan. 5, 2009. On Jan. 5, 2009, at the end of the painstaking, fully transparent hand count, the bipartisan State Canvassing Board unanimously certified that Franken had received 225 more votes that Coleman. One day later, Coleman filed a notice that he was contesting the election. As early as Feb. 22, 2009, we declared Coleman’s election contest "dead in its tracks," based on a detailed legal analysis of his case. We said then that it was "increasingly apparent that the Coleman position is devoid of merit, yet his team plods on." Intermediate rulings that occurred over the course of a seven week trial, during which the three-judge panel heard testimony from 142 witnesses, received in evidence 1,717 exhibits and 19,181 pages of pleadings, motions and briefs, and the three-judge panel’s April 13, 2009 final decision [PDF] confirmed that our initial “dead in its tracks” observation was spot on. As a result of the contest, Franken’s margin of victory increased from 225 votes to 312 votes. On April 16, 2009 we described the three-judge panel’s 68-page final decision as “an exquisite piece of judicial craftsmanship” in which every Coleman factual and legal argument was “carefully inspected, dissected; exposed for its lack of substance and then discarded.” We observed that while “the numbers in this election may have been close, the so-called 'contest' was a one-sided affair.” On April 20, 2009 we reported that Coleman had appealed the three-judge panel decision to the Minnesota Supreme Court. On May 12, 2009 we reported on and linked to the briefs filed by Coleman and Franken. We agreed with Franken attorney Marc Elias that the appeal was without merit. Today, June 1, 2009 --- 209 days after voters went to the polls to select their U.S. Senator --- the MN Supreme Court heard oral arguments presented by Coleman attorney Joe Friedberg and Franken attorney Mark Elias. While we concur with Elias that one has to be cautious not to read too much into questions posed by an appellate court during oral arguments, when one combines Coleman's heavy burden to establish trial court error, the relative strength of the briefs and the overall tenor of the questions posed by the MN Supreme Court, there appears to be very little reason for altering the conclusion we arrived at back on Feb. 22, 2009. Coleman's election contest is still "dead in its tracks." Both Elias and Friedberg scarcely got into their prepared arguments before the Court began peppering them with questions. Friedberg was immediately pressed by the Court to concede that the Minnesota statutes did not violate either Equal Protection or Due Process. Friedberg agreed. Coleman's challenge is based on the disparate application of those statutes in different counties. The Court asked and Friedberg conceded that team Coleman did not contend "election officials engaged in misconduct by announcing one standard before the election and then applying the different standard." "You’re saying," the Court observed, "the panel violated due process. How do you get around [the federal cases] that rely on fraud or widespread misconduct when there are findings that there was none, and under ordinary review, the findings were not clearly erroneous?" Friedberg emphatically conceded that there was no evidence of "fraud or widespread misconduct." He contended, as he did unsuccessfully before the three-judge election contest panel, that the variances in how different counties determined whether absentee ballots had been lawfully cast reveals that a "substantial compliance" standard was applied at the time of the election, and that by applying a "strict compliance" during the contest trial, the three judge panel violated both Due Process and Equal Protection. As Friedberg's post-hearing comment reveals, this entire argument hinged on the quality of the offer of proof presented to the three-judge panel. It was here that questions from several of the Justices suggest that the Coleman motor boat had crashed on a rocky shoal: The Court: In my experience I have never seen an offer of proof that didn’t identify witnesses and evidence to be offered. Why isn’t the offer of proof inadequate? The Court: An offer of proof has to be on the record. The Court:...It seems you offered a theory but no concrete evidence to back it up. The Court: I am very bothered by your offer of proof...I went through your list of sample ballots --- they’re just lists of names. Friedberg pointed to pictures of unsigned ballot envelopes that were appended to Coleman's offer of proof. That became the focal point in a colloquy between the Court and Franken's attorney Elias: The Court: The question is who received the most legally cast votes. What is your position on the merits of [the] offer of proof --- you look at the first envelope and it appears facially that this was not a properly cast ballot. How can we tell who received the most legally cast votes? Elias: We don’t know the facts or circumstances beyond the envelope. Every ballot tells the story. You can’t take the broad brush...[It] was his burden to prove and he can’t stand up and speculate... The Court: Were any illegally cast [ballots] counted? Elias: There's nothing in the record to support that... The Court: What innocent explanation is there for no signature? Elias: There could have been a replacement ballot...[The voter may have been] handicapped --- there are stories behind the ballots, [which cannot be ascertained by] simply appending envelopes to a document. Elias added that Coleman failed to identify the specific ballots he was challenging in response to pre-trial discovery; that the information sought was vital to determining the "story behind the ballot." The Court picked up on Elias's point when it posed questions during Friedberg's rebuttal presentation. The Court: The other side would say bring in the ballots and let's look and see. We need to see the ballots to show what happened. That's the only way to determine [whether an absentee ballot was] properly accepted or rejected. Friedberg: They're in our offer of proof. The Court also was troubled by Coleman's effort to provide cursory evidence from a few counties and extrapolate conclusions as to all 87 of Minnesota's counties. A number of questions suggested that, like the three-judge panel, the Court probably does not agree with Coleman's argument that a "substantial compliance" standard should be applied to the opening and counting of absentee ballots. The Court not only pointed to the language of MN election statutes but, at one point, noted that during the hand-count, Coleman had argued that "strict compliance" was required. Friedberg responded, "We didn’t realize that whether a vote is counted is based on where you cast your vote." (Our own admittedly cynical take is that Coleman's legal posture changed only because he didn't realize then that a hand-count would show that Franken won.) The Court: Your [Friedberg's] position is that most ballots were allowed in on a substantial compliance standard. The district court made a factual finding that you failed to meet burden on this. I am troubled by the broad statement. While, as noted above, Elias was immediately peppered with questions, and while some of those questions suggest that the Court may not have agreed with Franken on "every" issue, there was a significant contrast in their tenor. The court opened with: The Court: To the extent that the US Senate will make the ultimate decision, how do we issue an opinion without it being an advisory opinion. Do we have the authority to do anything here? Elias: The court has the jurisdiction to determine who received the most votes. The Court has jurisdiction to proceed. Coleman was evasive when asked during a post-hearing press conference whether he intended to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. "Let's see what the Court does." In a June 1, 2009 Los Angeles Times editorial Loyola Law Prof Richard L. Hasen suggested that the Senate provisionally seat Franken if Coleman loses his appeal. We do not fully concur. The Senate has the plenary power to seat its members. If the Minnesota Supreme Court upholds the three-judge panel, it should order Republican Governor Tim Pawlenty and Democratic Secretary of State Mark Ritchie to perform their "ministerial duty" to prepare, countersign and deliver the certificate of election promptly to the secretary of the U.S. Senate. Franken should then be seated, period. The seating should be final, not "provisional." The Senate should put an end to Coleman's charade. UPDATE, 06/02/09: In a June 2, 2009 article, John Schwartz of The New York Times suggested the MN Supreme Court had been "sharply skeptical" of the Coleman legal claim, pointing to questioning in which Associate Justice Christopher J. Dietzen said that Coleman had offered "no concrete evidence" to back up his claim that thousands of absentee ballots had been wrongfully excluded. Schwartz estimated the Court could issue its decision "within weeks." As we reported previously, Justice Dietzen was appointed to the MN Supreme Court by Republican Governor Tim Pawlenty. UPDATE #2, 06/02/09: With 19 months left in office, MN Governor Tim Pawlenty announced: “I will not seek a third term as the Governor of the State of Minnesota.…I am announcing my decision now so that candidates interested in running for this office will have ample time to make their plans and to make their case to the people of MN….I don’t have any plans beyond serving to the end of my term.” Ernest A. Canning has been an active member of the California State Bar since 1977 and has practiced in the fields of civil litigation and workers' compensation at both the trial and appellate levels. He graduated cum laude from Southwestern University School of Law where he served as a student director of the clinical studies department and authored the Law Review Article, Executive Privilege: Myths & Realities. He received an MA in political science at Cal State University Northridge and a BA in political science from UCLA. He is also a Vietnam vet (4th Infantry, Central Highlands 1968). As long promised, The BRAD BLOG has covered your electoral system fiercely and independently, like no other media outlet in the nation. Please support our work with a donation to help us keep going. If you like, we'll send you some great, award-winning election integrity documentary films in return! Details on that right here... Article Categories: Election 2008, Minnesota, U.S. Senate, Republicans, Al Franken « PREVIOUS STORY "Bill O'Reilly's 'Tiller the Baby Killer' Gunned Down in Wichita Church" "We Need You to Help..." NEXT STORY » "MN Supremes Hear Oral Argument on Coleman Appeal" ... john p said on 6/1/2009 @ 11:48 am PT... Justice delayed is justice denied . What good is it to seat franken at the end of the term ? The bush v gore argument was that Bush would be done irreparable harm if not declared the winner immediately. By missing many close important votes ,we the american people and senator Franken are being denied justice . ... cann4ing said on 6/1/2009 @ 12:15 pm PT... Brad, Thanks for the excellent graphic. Ernie ... Kevn said on 6/1/2009 @ 1:37 pm PT... Mr. Canning, how long do you think the MNSC will take to issue a ruling? Well, since I did ask a question of Mr. Canning, I would like to go ahead and thank him and Bradblog for their excellent coverage of this election contest. ... cann4ing said on 6/1/2009 @ 3:20 pm PT... Hard to say when, KEVN. There's pressure to decide quickly but if I were the judge writing the decision, I would want it to be air-tight given the noises the Republicans have made about taking this all the way to the US Supreme Court. Ernest A. Canning ... blubonnet said on 6/1/2009 @ 10:48 pm PT... I wish there could be some counter suit, since Coleman's actions have prevented our country, from the Left of having fair representation in the Senate. The Minnesotans should be angry. Heck, I'm angry, and not a Minnesotan, but the shortage of Dems for a filibuster proof Senate has purposefully been prevented by Coleman, I believe, and I think it's fair to say, most of us believe that. ... Ancient said on 6/2/2009 @ 6:00 am PT... Once again we get to watch the repugs use our courts solely for their own benefit--not to follow the spirit of the law. But where pray tell, is the democrap outrage at the perversion of our election system itself by selfserving repug electronic voting systems and compromised chains of custody? Oh yeah, as long as we win we'll keep the fucked up messes the repugs dreamed up, and nothing but crumbs in our sold out media about it. It makes me proud I voted for Cynthia McKinney! Can you tell I'm getting fed up with O's tinkering around the edges for looks? Transparent my ass! Campaign finance reform anyone: http://www.nytimes.com/2...;partner=rss&emc=rss Sibel’s right, two heads of the same coin. ... lottakatz said on 6/2/2009 @ 7:17 am PT... Thank you for another excellent article Mr. Canning. It's always a sure bet that Brad is going to have the best updates on election related news and his guest bloggers make this site a daily must-read for me. ... Robert Lombardi said on 6/2/2009 @ 8:59 am PT... Thank you, Mr. Canning, and to you, Brad, for your excellent coverage of this contested election. I've been checking almost every day for the latest developments. ... karen from illinois said on 6/2/2009 @ 10:23 am PT... we finally have proof that electronic counters DO NOT give accurate results...thank goodness there were paper ballots to count in minn the peops of minn should file a class action law suit against coleman for his baseless,frivilous delay of their elected senator being seated ... Ted said on 6/2/2009 @ 4:52 pm PT... Having seen this from inside Minnesota it is fairly impressive that the recount could be conducted in a way that the Coleman camp had to concede that there was no foul play. I hope that the MN legislature will pass a law madating the provisional seating of a member of congress pending legal appeal. Sheesh ... blubonnet said on 6/3/2009 @ 12:30 am PT... Well, hopefully, whatever happens, Franken's fabulous gift with the word, willbe published, put into our understanding and bond in disgust and outrage at the Aud ASS ity of the Repugnant party, our outrage will be multiplied by many. Franken will kick ass in the Senate! Or in the world of publishing, either way, to our advantage. The guy has integrity. Coleman is a well-behaved, if you're in the RNC, you'd say he's a "good Ger..er...I mean Republican" he's a compliant, soul-less Robotican, in actuality f*#% up humanity, because our system, depends on each voice in Congress is part of the decision making process which makes for wars, where human beings are being killed, mericlessly, and undeserving of bombs coming into their homes and towns. The losses of lives are a very important measure in considering if you want to accept the tactics of scoundrels, subverting democracy, allowing illegal, dishonest, warring to continue, because it's the party line. Obviously human life is of no consequence to these people of the RNC. They are the party of the defense industry. They have no conscience. Apparently, they think that a woman, should die, or be mamed forever, because she (according to the Right-wing) should go ahead and die, but give birth. That is THEIR decision. What ever is right of "wrong" it is not up to ANYONE but the owner of the body, in which that fetus being held. HER rights are the most important. More higher moral, family values..."let the woman die." Save the fetus, whose consciousness might be that of a goldfish. More important..? ... FreedomOfInformationAct said on 6/3/2009 @ 2:47 pm PT... Gov. Tim Pawlenty says he'll abide by the Minnesota Supreme Court's decision and sign the certificate By John Amato Wednesday Jun 03, 2009 12:37pm A lot of speculation ha s been going on in the blogosphere about the commitment Pawlenty has in listening to the Minnesota Supreme Court since he announced that he wouldn't seek a third term in office. Many feel he'll just ignore the ruling of the court and let it drag on for years to placate the right wing base. Andrea Mitchell just about finished up an interview with Gov. Tim Pawlenty when she asked him if he would be signing the certificate which would in all likelihood make Al Franken the next Senator after the Minn. Supreme Court ruling is handed down. He said he would abide by the court's decision and take swift action and sign the certificate. Mitchell: I know you've said you'll abide by the Supreme Court decision on the Franken Coleman race, do you expect that that will by all accounts lead to Al Franken being the next Senator from Minnesota? Isn't it time to get this resolved? Pawlenty: Yea, we're anxious to get it resolved but I can't sign the certificate until the State court process is complete, we don't know who the winner is, but as soon as that process is complete and they give direction as to signing the certificate, I'm going to sign it, there's not going to be any undue delay or tactics like that so we'll follow the direction of the court. We can only hope he's telling the truth and will sign the certificate even if Coleman takes it Federal. The Supreme court will be handing down their decision very soon. Video and comments here http://crooksandliars.co...y-says-hell-abide-minnes ... john martin said on 6/4/2009 @ 10:06 am PT... Please, it is a little remote to say "what good is it to seat Franken at the end of his term" Uh, his term is 6 years and it has only been 200 days. That kind of drama is a little unrealistic. The decision will come down by the end of June and the drama will be over. cheers to a veto proof senate.... ... blubonnet said on 6/7/2009 @ 2:33 am PT... Since November 4th, 2008, it's been 6 months or more. That's obviously a strategy gone well for them so far. Manipulation of everything they touch, it's the mafia married to the government, married to the Theocrats. It's a party alright, the RNC, but you are their game. They are scoundrels. They keep proving it to us, over and over. sigh! Thanks for letting me rant. Yet, the Dems in Congress always speak respectively to them, as if the Rs even gave a damn about the well being of this country. It's all affiliation, with bizneses. That's all that matters, and security investments is where the money is, and all things militant, from combat video games, to making aircraft propellers, or engines for the military. It's all good if you're one of the Rs. And some that betrayed us on the Left, and might as well be an R, because we'll remember when we vote, who is truly a Progressive Dem. ... Midiwiz said on 6/21/2009 @ 12:45 pm PT... Soon this will be over and once again Minnesota will have TWO senators. But the longer Coleman drags this out, the deeper the hole he's burying his political career in will be. With any luck he'll be completely washed up in Minnesota politics. More on Coleman's demise from The Moonbats: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75yo42QvSPM	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2979
__label__cc	0.557883	0.442117	Recent Projects in Georgia Mark A. Cobb C. Adam Carvin Robinson (Robby) C. Stubley Barry Selvidge James Eubanks Francisco R. García-Soroeta Dorothy A. Spencer Diana Davis Marianella Melendez Mayra Folson Neel Gurley Construction Mediation & Arbitration Services We Serve as Third Party Neutrals We Represent You in Mediation & Arbitration Construction Contracts Attorney Email: marianella@cobblawgroup.net • Construction Contracts • Construction Litigation Support • Materialmen’s Lien Claim • Payment Bond Claims • Miller Act / Little Miller Act Litigation Support Marianella attended the School of Law at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru in Lima where she received her Bachelor and Juris Doctor degree. After her graduation, he worked as a in house lawyer for Banco Interamericano de Finanzas. While here, she received promotions which resulted in her becoming the head of the Contract Department. She provided legal advice to the corporate and retail banking departments and attended the corporate governance matters. She has negotiated credit agreements for construction and infrastructure projects as a part of lending for commercial or residential development projects and public works. She was part of the legal team for the construction of Hydro Power Plants and Hospitality projects. In 2012, she obtained her master’s degree in Corporate Law and Finance from Universidad ESAN in Lima Peru. Her thesis was about the Peruvian Work for Taxes system. This system allows private organizations to reduce their income taxes in advance through the execution of public works projects. In 2019, she was granted by a scholarship from Boston University to study her Master of Laws in Banking and Financial Law, obtaining her master’s degree in May 2020. Due to COVID 19, she decided moving away from Boston and living in Valdosta, Georgia where her family lives. While studying in Lima, Marianella was part of the table tennis college team, she was awarded as a the best athlete of 1998, after the female college team won the first prize in the National Championship and previously she was part of the Peruvian national table tennis team obtaining different prizes. Her hobbies are traveling, outdoors sports, and watching movies. She also likes to watch football and soccer games. B.A., J.D., Pontifical Catholic University of Peru M.B.A., Universidad ESAN LLM, Boston University (with honors) Copyright © 2021 Cobb Law Group. The Cobb Law Group is a regional construction law firm with two offices in Georgia. This publication is not intended as, and does not constitute, either legal advice or a solicitation of any particular prospective client. An attorney/client relationship with Cobb Law Group cannot be formed by reading or responding to this publication as such a relationship may be formed only by a specific and explicit agreement with an individual attorney of Cobb Law Group. The content of this publication was written or collected by Cobb Law Group for informational purposes only. The firm does not intend to practice law in any jurisdiction where its attorneys are not licensed. The information contained in this publication does not constitute a legal opinion and is not to be relied upon by anyone for any purpose. By submitting a request for a copy of this handbook, you are agreeing to our terms and conditions.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2980
__label__wiki	0.724861	0.724861	Title 21. Food and Drugs 21 U.S.C. § 113a - U.S. Code - Unannotated Title 21. Food and Drugs § 113a. Establishment of research laboratories for foot-and-mouth disease and other animal diseases; research contracts; employment of technicians and scientists; appropriations The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to establish research laboratories, including the acquisition of necessary land, buildings, or facilities, and also the making of research contracts under the authority contained in section 427i(a) of Title 7 , for research and study, in the United States or elsewhere, of foot-and-mouth disease and other animal diseases which in the opinion of the Secretary constitute a threat to the livestock industry of the United States: Provided, That no live virus of foot-and-mouth disease may be introduced for any purpose into any part of the mainland of the United States (except coastal islands separated therefrom by water navigable for deep-water navigation and which shall not be connected with the mainland by any tunnel) unless the Secretary determines that it is necessary and in the public interest for the conduct of research and study in the United States (except at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York) and issues a permit under such rules as the Secretary shall promulgate to protect animal health, except that the Secretary of Agriculture may transport said virus in the original package across the mainland under adequate safeguards, and except further, that in the event of outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in this country, the Secretary of Agriculture may, at his discretion, permit said virus to be brought into the United States under adequate safeguards. To carry out the provisions of this section, the Secretary is authorized to employ technical experts or scientists: Provided, That the number so employed shall not exceed five and that the maximum compensation for each shall not exceed the highest rate of grade 18 of the General Schedule. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as Congress may deem necessary; in addition, the Secretary is authorized to utilize, in carrying out this section, funds otherwise available for the control or eradication of such diseases. Read this complete 21 U.S.C. § 113a - U.S. Code - Unannotated Title 21. Food and Drugs § 113a. Establishment of research laboratories for foot-and-mouth disease and other animal diseases; research contracts; employment of technicians and scientists; appropriations on Westlaw	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2982
__label__cc	0.646295	0.353705	Manuscripts (documents)4 Family papers1 German[remove]16 1842 May 201 1846 November 141 1847 April 291 Letters[remove]16 Bush, Isidor2 Belmont, August1 Cohen, B.1 Englander, M.1 Hebrew Benevolent Society1 Jacobs, Mayers & Co.1 Pennsylvania, United States8 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States8 New York, United States4 New York, New York, United States3 Baltimore, Maryland, United States2 Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)[remove]16 You searched for: Collection Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania) Remove constraint Collection: Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania) Type Letters Remove constraint Type: Letters Language German Remove constraint Language: German 1. Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Mayer, A. L.; Syracuse, New York, United States; 1864 December 23; Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Mayer, A. L.; Syracuse, New York, United States; 1864 December 23; A letter written by Rabbi A. L. Mayer in Syracuse, New York to Isaac Leeser. It provides insight into the competition for Rabbis within the growing Jewish population in America. The letter is written in German and accompanied by a modern English translation. Leeser, Isaac; Mayer, A. L. English; German 2. Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Freudenthal, Rabbi; Williamsport, Pennsylvania, United States; 1867 November 14; Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Freudenthal, Rabbi; Williamsport, Pennsylvania, United States; 1867 November 14; Leeser, Isaac and Freudenthal, Rabbi. Williamsport, PA, Letter in English and German from Rabbi Freudenthal in Williamsport, Pennsylvania to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, asking him to forward a brief curriculum in religion to prepare students for the confirmation Leeser, Isaac; Freudenthal, Rabbi 3. Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Mayer, I. M.; Cincinnati, Ohio, United States; 1851 June 1; Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Mayer, I. M.; Cincinnati, Ohio, United States; 1851 June 1; Leeser, Isaac and Mayer, I. M. . Cincinnati, OH, A two page letter from I. M. Mayer in Cincinnati to Isaac Leeser. He writes that he is now the chief teacher and preacher at bene Israel. He requests a subscription to the Occident and submits an article to the journal. The letter is written in German and accompanied by a modern English translation Leeser, Isaac; Mayer, I. M. 1851 June 1 4. Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Bush, Isidor; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1851 January 6; Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Bush, Isidor; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1851 January 6; Leeser, Isaac and Bush, Isidor. St. Louis, MO, Letter from Isidor Bush in St. Louis, Missouri to Rev. Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in which Bush asks that Leeser reinstate his Occident subscription and accept a demand notice that he was cheated on, since Leeser knows the man Leeser, Isaac; Bush, Isidor 5. Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Bush, Isidor; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1857 May 6; Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Bush, Isidor; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1857 May 6; Leeser, Isaac and Bush, Isidor. St. Louis, MO, Letter from Isidor Bush in St. Louis, Missouri to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in which Bush asks Leeser to look over an article. In German with an English translation 6. Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Gunzburg, Aaron; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1853 November 28; Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Gunzburg, Aaron; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1853 November 28; Leeser, Isaac and Gunzburg, Aaron. Baltimore, MD, Letter from Dr. Aaron Gunzburg in Baltimore to Isaac Leeser, offering to supply an article for Leeser and to consider selling books at his Hebrew school. Written in German with translation Leeser, Isaac; Gunzburg, Aaron 7. Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Lilienthal, D.; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1847 January 29; Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Lilienthal, D.; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1847 January 29; Leeser, Isaac and Lilienthal, D. New York, NY, A letter from David Lilienthal in New York City to Isaac Leeser. The letter is written in German and notes that the sermon which he delivered in Augusta which his brother translated has been sent under a separate cover Leeser, Isaac; Lilienthal, D. 8. Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Putzel, Michael; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1848 May 2; Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Putzel, Michael; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1848 May 2; Leeser, Isaac and Putzel, Michael. Easton, PA, A group of three letters from Michael Putzel to Isaac Leeser. The first is in german, asking for a recommendation for a chazan, Schochet, teacher, and preacher at the German kehilla in Philadelphia. The second asks Leeser to act as agent on behalf of the Easton, Pennsylvania congregation and approach Mrs. Hart to give the deed to the old cemetery to the congregation. The third is a request to put a note in the Occident Leeser, Isaac; Putzel, Michael 9. Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Wurmser, B.; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1848 March 15; Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Wurmser, B.; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1848 March 15; Leeser, Isaac and Wurmser, B.. Boston, MA, Letter from B. Wurmser in Boston to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia. In this letter, he notifies Leeserof the election of officers in the first congregation in Boston. It also gives news of the school and the Ladies Hebrew Benevolent Society. The letter is written in German with an Enlgish translation Leeser, Isaac; Wurmser, B. 10. Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Goldsmith, Jonas; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1861 November 7; Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Goldsmith, Jonas; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1861 November 7; Leeser, Isaac and Goldsmith, Jonas. Baltimore, MD, Letter from J. Goldsmith in Baltimore to Isaac Leeser, asking for a subscription at half price since he is an educator. The letter is in German with a translation Leeser, Isaac; Goldsmith, Jonas 11. Letter; Mailert, Augustus; Richmond, Virginia, United States; 1848 July 4; Letter; Mailert, Augustus; Richmond, Virginia, United States; 1848 July 4; Mailert, Augustus. Cassel, Germany Mailert, Augustus 12. Letter; Wise, I. M.; Hebrew Benevolent Society; Cincinnati, Ohio, United States; 1854 December 1; Letter; Wise, I. M.; Hebrew Benevolent Society; Cincinnati, Ohio, United States; 1854 December 1; Broadside for a meeting of the Hebrew Benevolent Society Wise, I. M. Hebrew Benevolent Society 1854 December 1 13. Letter; Wolf, I.; Jacobs, Mayers & Co.; Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States; 1847 April 29 Letter; Wolf, I.; Jacobs, Mayers & Co.; Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States; 1847 April 29 Correspondence; Jewish merchants; Manuscripts (documents) Letter from I. Wolf to Jacobs, Mayer & Co., in German and English, and discusses money and business matters; Fort Wayne, IN; 215 1/2 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA Wolf, I.; Jacobs; Mayer Jacobs, Mayers & Co. 14. Letter; Cohen, B.; Montgomery, Alabama, United States; 1846 November 14 Letter; Cohen, B.; Montgomery, Alabama, United States; 1846 November 14 Correspondence; Shipping; Manuscripts (documents); House furnishings Letter from M. Englander to B. Cohen in German asking for 39 yards of carpet to be sent by steamship; Montgomery, AL; Mobile, AL Cohen, B.; Englander, M. 15. Letter; Belmont, August; New York, New York, United States; London, United Kingdom; 1842 May 20 Letter; Belmont, August; New York, New York, United States; London, United Kingdom; 1842 May 20 Correspondence; Family papers; Manuscripts (documents) Letter from the Hon. August Belmont to his brother-in-law Stephan Feist in London; 17 Little Tower Street, London, United Kingdom; New York, NY Belmont, August; Feist, Stephan 16. Letter; Tobias, Henry; Watertown, New York, United States; New York, New York, United States; 1843 November 5 Letter; Tobias, Henry; Watertown, New York, United States; New York, New York, United States; 1843 November 5 Correspondence; Jewish merchants; Manuscripts (documents); Debt Letter from Mrs. B. Levy, to Henry Tobias regarding a letter he had sent to her husband concerning money that Mr. Levy owed him. She tells him that Mr. Levy has been away for two weeks and will go to New York to settle his debt with Henry Tobias upon his return. A note in German is written on the back on the letter; Watertown, NY; 179 Hammersley Street, New York, NY Tobias, Henry	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2983
__label__cc	0.694249	0.305751	Cranford, by Elizabeth Gaskell Posted by Sara M. Barnacle in Unforgettable older novels Cranford, Elizabeth Gaskell, English literature, women's literature I have just laid down one of the most delightful books in the English language. This was my third pass through it, chuckling, sighing in satisfaction over a perfect turn of phrase, exclaiming, or weeping all the way. It’s a lot more than antique chick lit. Beneath the surface of financially strained female gentility is a strong current of ardent feminism, a sharp critique of early Industrial Revolution big business, and another critique of the British class and education systems. Its upper layers give us characters warmly portrayed who would under many another author’s quill pen have been laughed at, sneered at, or simply passed over in favor of exaggeration or titillation. Dame Judi Dench played the lead role, Miss Matty, in a TV production of Cranford — I think it was a BBC mini-series — some years back. Even she was not able to give us the depths of this seemingly weak, slightly endowed spinster sister, who is nevertheless a sterling leader by example. Mrs. Gaskell (Elizabeth Gaskell, 1810 – 1865) published the novel Mary Barton in 1848, which won her a nationwide audience through Charles Dickens’ new periodical, Household Words, where Cranford was first published in serial form. She also wrote Wives & Daughters, North & South, Sylvia’s Lovers, and the acclaimed Life of Charlotte Bronte. Gaskell’s insight and writing skill are often compared favorably to the otherwise incomparable Jane Austen. My copy is a sadly decaying Oxford Paperbacks 1972 edition, which I (wisely, as it turns out) covered in sticky-backed plastic. Get a better copy, and be ready to enjoy life for a good read.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2988
__label__wiki	0.61413	0.61413	Venture Capital Funds Cryptocurrency Funds Incubator Funds Investment Advisers CPOs and CTAs Offshore Funds White Papers / Articles Regulation A+ Update In our last update concerning Regulation A, we discussed the SEC’s revamp of Regulation A, referred to as Regulation A+. Regulation A was originally intended to act as a middle ground between private placement offerings and registered public offerings. However, Regulation A was rarely used due to the high cost of compliance relative to the amount of capital that could be raised under it. Instead, most issuers gravitated towards private placement under Rule 506 of Regulation D, which permits an unlimited amount of capital to be raised with relative ease. Regulation A+ allows issuers to raise up to $50 million, compared to a $5 million cap under the original framework. Regulation A+ went live on June 19, 2015, and last month the SEC released a report summarizing the impact of Regulation A+ during the first 16 months (June 19, 2015 through October 31, 2016) since the amendments became effective. Although it is too early to draw any long-term conclusions from the SEC’s report, Regulation A+ appears to be a much more popular offering than its predecessor. To recap, Regulation A+ is divided into two tiers. Tier 1 Offerings allow issuers to raise up to $20 million during any 12-month period, subject to SEC and state regulatory authority review. Tier 2 Offerings allow issuers to raise up to $50 million during any 12-month period, subject to SEC review. While offerings in both tiers require an extensive review process, Tier 2 offerings are subject to additional requirements, including providing audited financials; filing annual, semiannual, and current event reports; and a cap on sales to non-accredited investors (no more than 10% of the greater of the investor’s annual income or net worth). For the purposes of this post, offerings that have been submitted to the SEC and/or state regulatory authority are considered “Filed.” Offerings that have completed SEC and/or state regulatory authority review and are approved to solicit and sell to the public are considered “Qualified.” These are the major takeaways from the first 16 months of Regulation A+: There were 147 filings seeking up to of $2.6 billion in financing. Issuers filed 72 Tier 1 Offerings, and 75 Tier 2 Offerings. Tier 1 Offerings accounted for $700 million in the total offering amount, while Tier 2 Offerings constituted the remaining $1.9 billion. Of those 147 filings, the SEC and/or state regulatory authority qualified a total of 81 offerings seeking up to $1.5 billion. The SEC and state regulatory authorities qualified 33 Tier 1 Offerings, and the SEC qualified 48 Tier 2 Offerings. The average and median offering amount for Tier 1 Offerings was $10 million and $6 million, respectively. The average and median offering amount for Tier 2 Offerings was $26 million and $20 million, respectively. Characteristics of the Offerings Issuers offered equity (as opposed to debt or other types of securities) in 87% of all offerings. Only 10% of all qualified offerings (None in Tier 1 and 17% in Tier 2) utilized an underwriter, and only 36% of all qualified offerings (18% in Tier 1 and 48% in Tier 2) utilized an intermediary. The median number of states in a Tier 1 offering was 4, and the median number of states in a Tier 2 offering was 50. Approximately 10% of all qualified offerings involved sales by existing and affiliate (a person who directly or indirectly controls the issuer i.e. executive officer, director, or a substantial shareholder) shareholders. The median and average number of days it took the SEC and state regulatory authorities to qualify a Tier 1 offering was 68 and 93 days, respectively. The median and average number of days it took the SEC to qualify a Tier 2 offering was 104 and 121 days, respectively. Characteristics of the Issuer The median total assets for qualified Tier 1 and Tier 2 Offerings was $100k and $200k, respectively. The average total assets for qualified Tier 1 Offerings was $104.7 million and $61.9 for qualified Tier 2 Offerings. 62% of all issuers with qualified offerings (61% Tier 1 and 64% Tier 2) had no revenues. All Tier 1 issuers and 89% of Tier 2 issuers had revenues of less than $1 million. Issuers with qualified offerings had a median of 3 employees and an average of 29 employees. 37% of all issuers were in finance, insurance, and real estate, 27% were in other business services, and 22% operated in Manufacturing. California led the way with 36% of all offerings, followed by Florida and Texas at 14% and 10%, respectively. An immediate takeaway from this data is that Regulation A+ appears to be more popular than its predecessor. In the 12 months prior to the enactment of Regulation A+ (June 19, 2014 through June 18, 2015), there were approximately 51 Regulation A filings seeking to raise approximately $159 million. Adjusting for the length of the SEC’s study, one would expect a 16-month period to include approximately 70 filings seeking around $218 million. Instead, over the last 16 months we saw a two-fold increase in projected filings, and an almost $2.4 billion increase in offering amount. From this data, we can also see that Tier 2 offerings were qualified at a higher rate (64% vs. 46% for Tier 1), but took longer to qualify on average than Tier 1 Offerings (121 days vs. 93 days). The study does not provide insight into what could cause this discrepancy between tiers. The discrepancy could be purely due to timing issues in the study or it could have another underlying cause; it will be interesting to measure these factors as Regulation A+ matures as an offering option. This information also demonstrates the speculative nature of Regulation A+ offerings thus far. The clear majority of issuers offered equity instead of debt, presumably to avoid short-term expense obligations. Also, relatively few issuers utilized an underwriter or intermediary, apart from 48% of Tier 2 offerors that used an intermediary. This is understandable given the fact that most of the issuers have relatively few assets, a limited amount of debt, little to no revenues, and a small number of employees. Although this data shows the speculative downside of Regulation A+ (90% of all offerings were sold on a best effort basis), it also shows a major advantage of utilizing Regulation A+: small, startup companies with promising futures can raise up to $50 million without having to incur the costs and obligations of retaining an underwriter or intermediary, not to mention the avoided regulatory burden. It is too early to determine whether Regulation A+ will be a success. Tier 1 and Tier 2 Offerings are only obligated to provide complete information about sales after the termination or completion of an offering. Of the available information, the SEC estimates that 20 issuers have raised approximately a combined $190 million, and 11 issuers have reported zero proceeds. Due to reporting time frames, these numbers are likely substantially understated. We will keep you posted on future updates regarding Regulation A+. Feel free to reach out to us if you have any question or if you think that Regulation A+ could be a viable option for your investment offering. Regulatory Alert: SEC Expands Definition of Accredited Investor SEC Approves Modernizing Amendments to Accredited Investor Definition SEC Proposes Updates to Accredited Investor Definition © 2020 COTT LAW GROUP, P.C.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2989
__label__wiki	0.745732	0.745732	Peter Pan is the next Disney classic in line for a live-action remake Pete's Dragon director David Lowery has been tapped to bring the magical boy to life. by Collin Brennan on April 13, 2016, 11:55pm With Jon Favreau’s The Jungle Book opening this week to rave reviews, Disney is moving forward with plans to make a live-action Peter Pan film. According to Deadline, the studio has tapped David Lowery (Ain’t Them Bodies Saints) to direct and co-write the script with Toby Halbrooks. Apparently Disney liked what it saw from the duo when they teamed to write Pete’s Dragon, a new version of the 1977 live-action/animated classic that Lowery also directed. This isn’t the first time Peter Pan has received the live-action treatment, but Disney is hoping its latest reboot has more in common with 1991’s Hook than with Warner Bros.’ 2015 flop Pan — at least commercially speaking. In terms of the film’s look and feel, it will probably also look toward Disney’s 1953 animated classic for inspiration. WIth traditional animation all but dead, Disney is pouring a considerable amount of resources into its live-action division. A sequel to The Jungle Bookis already in development and a Tim Burton-directed Dumbo is rumored to be in the works, but that’s just the tip of the magic castle, so to speak. Other films that have already wrapped or are well on their way include the James Bobin-directed Alice Through The Looking Glass, the Rob Marshall-directed Mary Poppins sequel starring Emily Blunt, and the Bill Condon-directed Beauty And The Beast starring Emma Watson. Another live-action film related to Peter Pan, Tinkerbell, has Reese Witherspoon attached to play the titular fairy. As Deadline reports, that film is currently on track to happen before Peter Pan, and there’s a chance they might share some cast members in one of those expanded universe-type deals we’ve grown to love so much. Live-Action Remake Members of Mastodon, Queens of the Stone Age, At the Drive-In form supergroup Gone Is Gone Why Car Seat Headrest Is The Indie Rock Hero We’ve Been Waiting For	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2990
__label__wiki	0.758639	0.758639	Kyle Larson finally wins, scores pole at Auto Club Speedway March 24, 2017 Greg Engle CupScene.com Editor Main Page, NASCAR News Top Story, Top Stories 0 FONTANA, CA - MARCH 24: Kyle Larson, driver of the #42 Target Chevrolet, poses with the Coors Light Pole Award after qualifying in the pole position for the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Auto Club 400 at Auto Club Speedway on March 24, 2017 in Fontana, California. (Photo by Sarah Crabill/Getty Images) After finishing second in the last three races, Kyle Larson finally won something. Larson won his second career NASCAR Cup pole Friday, putting down a lap of 38.493 seconds, 187.047 mph two minutes into the final five-minute round and will lead the field to the green for Sunday’s Auto Club 400 at Auto Club Speedway. Larson ran a low line during the first two rounds. On his pole qualifying run however, he changed his line and went higher. “I felt like I messed up there in (Turns) 1 and 2 and I got a little bit loose off the wall on entry and it got me to split the seam in (Turns) 1 and 2,” Larson said. “But I was able to get committed to wide-open pretty good off of (Turn) 2 and then, yeah, I hadn’t run up high in (Turns) 3 and 4 at all in practice or qualifying here. Didn’t really know what I would have when I got there, but ran a good ways and it stuck. Really happy though, our Target team has been amazing to start the season and to get a pole is great. I haven’t gotten a pole since my rookie season.” Denny Hamlin who led the second session and broke the track qualifying record here last season held the provisional pole until that point. He will roll off second Sunday. Brad Keselowski survived a brush with the wall in the second round to secure third. Martin Truex Jr. will start fourth, his best start at Fontana, and last week’s winner at Phoenix Ryan Newman starts fifth. “I thought it was definitely a lap that would be in contention for it,” Hamlin said. “We improved our car just slightly from the previous run and it looked like our time was slightly faster as well. I thought being the fastest car in round two with the 51 and then improving in the final, I knew it put us very close. I didn’t get quite through (turns) 3 and 4 on entry as good as I needed to beat the 42 (Kyle Larson) it looked like. All my exits were very good, but my entries were just a little bit slow. I knew that it would be close, but running a 50, I thought we probably would have got beat.” Among the cars that didn’t qualify were Jimmie Johnson, who crashed in Friday’s practice. The team pulled out the backup car and elected not to risk damaging it in qualifying. The six-time Fontana winner will start 37th Sunday. Four cars never made it out of pre-qualifying inspection. They included Trevor Bayne, Matt DiBenedetto, Gray Gaulding, and Joey Logano. Logano’s Ford was cleared but with less than 30 seconds left in the first 20-minute round, the team ran out of time. “That happens,” Logano said. “We’re a team. Obviously, everyone is trying to push it and trying to get every ounce of speed out of our cars as we can. I don’t even know what we didn’t make it through. We made it through, but by the time we got through and got strapped in and got the car ready to go on the track we just ran out of time. It’s no big deal. I feel like our Auto Club Fusion was really fast in race trim, and a good thing it is because it doesn’t really matter about qualifying trim at this point, so we’ll work on it a little bit tomorrow and we’ll get ready to pass cars. This is a wide race track, so you can pass cars. We’ll have our work cut out, but it’s nothing we can’t overcome.” Matt Kenseth will start sixth, followed by Kevin Harvick who led the first round. Jamie McMurray, Kyle Busch and Daniel Suarez round out the top 10. Austin Dillon and Kasey Kahne will start 11th and 12th respectively as the final two cars to transfer to the final round. With 39 teams entered, no one was sent home. Sunday’s Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Auto Club 400 will get the green flag just after 3:30 p.m. ET with live coverage on Fox starting at 3:00 p.m. ET. CHEVY MENCS AT FONTANA: Kyle Larson Press Conf. Transcript Photos: NASCAR at Auto Club Speedway, Friday March 24, 2017	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2992
__label__wiki	0.653414	0.653414	Nigerian President Hosts Emir Of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-thani President of Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari has hosted the Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-thani, soliciting investments in petroleum, power, aviation, and rail as major areas of concern. Also on the front burner was the recharge of Lake Chad with water from the Congo Basin, so as to grant succour to the more than 30 million people adversely affected by the shrinkage of the lake over the years. We invite you to invest in our refineries, pipelines, power sector, aviation, agriculture, education, and many others, so that you can have your management here to oversee the investment. We need your expertise,” President Buhari said. On the receding Lake Chad, he said of the over 30 million people affected, more than half were in Nigeria, and it has contributed greatly to illegal migration, as innumerable youths dare the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea, in order to find safer shores in Europe. A large number die in the process. We need help with the recharge of Lake Chad, as it is not a project that the concerned countries can handle alone,” President Buhari said. Adding that Recharging the lake will bring back fishing, farming, animal husbandry, and the youths won’t be attracted by insurgency or illegal migration. We want Qatar to be involved because of the humanitarian nature of the endeavor.” Sheikh Hamad Al-thani said he was honoured and happy to be in Nigeria for the first time, stressing it was a reciprocal visit to the one paid to Qatar in 2016 by President Buhari. The relationship between our countries is very good. We just have to build on it,” the emir said. “We share a lot of similarities in different areas. We need to enhance bilateral trade and economic cooperation. We are willing to do a lot more with Nigeria, and will continue to work on investment opportunities of mutual benefit,” he added. PrevPreviousU.N Will Raise $50 Billion To Fund Lake Chad Project NextMajalisar Dinkin Duniya Zata Samar Da Dala Biliyan 50 Don Aikin Tafkin ChadiNext	cc/2021-04/en_head_0033.json.gz/line2994

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