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Last Updated: Tuesday, 5 February 2008, 09:44 GMT
Regulations flatten pancake race
The perfect pancake
A traditional pancake race has fallen flat after it was cancelled due to health and safety regulations.
Every year, children and choristers take part in the Shrove Tuesday race in Ripon, North Yorkshire.
The event was revived 10 years ago and is usually started by the ringing of Ripon Cathedral's ancient Pancake Bell.
But this year's event has been shelved, with organisers blaming the mountain of risk assessments that must be carried out before children can take part.
Bernard Bateman, one of the organisers, said they were told they would have to pay £250 to Harrogate Borough Council to close Kirkgate Road, where the race takes place.
They would also have to hold insurance risk assessments and pay to have medical staff on hand in case of any injuries or accidents.
Mr Bateman, who is also a councillor for Ripon North, said it was difficult to find volunteers to carry out the procedures.
He said: "The main problem is the health and safety aspects and issues such as that.
"There is bureaucracy that goes into holding any event these days, the policing, the risk assessments, and it has a cost factor and takes a lot of time.
"I'm always disappointed when we've held something for some years now and it can't take place."
VIDEO AND AUDIO NEWS
Holding a safe pancake race
BBC York and North Yorkshire
Sport, travel, weather, things to do, features and much more
TOP NORTH YORKSHIRE STORIES
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Portraits and Bios of Our Directors
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Articles from Our Members
Kirkville Fire Company 911 Memorial
Responders Remembered Park, Nesconset
Size Up Articles
Size Up - 2017 Issue 4 (Ken Palmer)
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Size Up - 2016 Issue 2 (Barrie Lyn Foster)
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Constitution and By-Laws (2017)
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Church Fires
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SIZE UP Issue 4 • 2016
FROM THE CHAPLAINS’ STUDY
What Does a Chaplain Do in the Emergency Services?
Why Your Organization Needs a Chaplain
Robert H. Ruston, Chaplain
New York State Association of Fire Chaplains, Inc.
CHAPLAINCY HAS BIBLICAL ROOTS as seen in the relationships between Moses and Aaron; the prophets and the kings of Israel and Judah; David and Nathan, etc. As long as there has been war and fighting, chaplains have been called upon to tend to soldiers facing the prospect of death concerning their spiritual well being.
In today’s world, the word “chaplain” and the necessity for chaplaincy dates far back, prior to the United States itself, when the Continental Congress recognized the necessity of chaplaincy in the Continental Army in July 1775.
Chaplaincy encompasses members of all religious beliefs. Chaplains may be of any faith and typically do not discuss their personal faiths with those to whom they are ministering unless they are asked to do so. The Supreme Court has ruled that chaplains do not violate the separation of church and state if the purpose of the chaplaincy is secular, such as during crisis intervention, situations of trauma, suicide and suicide prevention, etc. The chaplaincy remains neutral on the subject of specific religions.
It is the privilege of chaplains to respond to the most stressful and unexpected moments in people’s lives, including sudden deaths, domestic disputes, accident scenes, fires, destructive storms, and child abuse, just to name a few. Chaplains offer comfort and support in the midst of whatever is happening. The form that this takes varies dependent upon the situation. Examples include consoling a distraught spouse or distracting children so that questions may be answered. Chaplains hold 100 percent confidentiality with anyone they help. Sometimes the chaplain is faced with the delivery of sad news involving injury or death. The chaplain reaches out to help those that are impacted in the community, including those serving as emergency responders, their families, and friends.
Chaplains care about and for the firefighters, EMTs, first responders, dispatchers, and all members of their respective and neighboring departments. In doing so, the chaplain spends time involved in training, organization meetings, and responding to emergencies, as well as getting to know the individuals who serve their community. Responsibilities include mitigating stressful situations and assisting in resolving disputes should such arise. Sometimes, with appropriate permission, a chaplain may establish a support group to benefit individuals or an organization. A chaplain meets the needs of members and will serve a diverse population of faiths regardless of his or her own faith. Chaplains attempt to provide a moral and ethical compass to an organization’s leadership, often assisting the leaders to make tough decisions as a neutral person without bias.
A chaplain provides invocations, benedictions, and service at wakes and funerals, equipment dedications, memorials, award ceremonies, baptisms, and weddings (if ordained or authorized by the municipality). Other duties may include hospital and home visitations, providing crisis intervention, emergency response, line of duty death protocols, and Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM), offering a listening ear to department members, or serving as a public information officer. In the emergency services, a chaplain is often accorded the position of a chief officer or an honorary chief officer (or is certainly recognized as such), and is commonly a member of the executive board of officers within the organizational structure he or she serves. As such, at least in the fire service, the chaplain normally wears a Class A uniform as described by the Federation of Fire Chaplains, International Police and Fire Chaplains Association, and New York State Association of Fire Chaplains.
A chaplain in the emergency services may also serve as a hospice palliative care chaplain, prison chaplain, or military chaplain, and may indeed have varied roles or ranks within his or her own religious institution’s hierarchy such as priest, deacon, bishop, canon, reverend, elder, lector, brother, rabbi, pastor, imam, chaplain, and so on. A chaplain may also participate in community or church events outside of the emergency services and help with memorials and ceremonies. A chaplain may provide religious services of his or her own faith.
A chaplain in every fire department and EMS organization is not only appropriate, but also beneficial to its membership and leaders. ●
Chaplain Robert H. Ruston has been a member of the volunteer fire service since 1956, first in New Hampshire and later in Westchester County. Ruston was secretary of the Somers Volunteer Fire Department for 15 years and currently serves as chaplain/secretary emeritus. He was also secretary for the Westchester County Volunteer Firefighter’s Association for 34 years. Ruston currently serves as chaplain for the association, as well as for the New York State Fire Police, Dutchess County Volunteer Firefighter’s Association, and numerous organizations in Dutchess and Ulster counties. He is the Southeast Region director for the New York State Association of Fire Chaplains, Inc., which includes the counties of Greene, Columbia, Sullivan, Ulster, Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Westchester, and Rockland. In 2012, Ruston was awarded a U.S. Congressional Commendation for fire and EMS activities.
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British jazz musician awarded Queen’s Medal for Music 2018
Shillong Times 2019-07-11 15:00:06
The Shillong Times - Established 1945
London, July 11 (IANS) British jazz musician Gary Crosby OBE was awarded The Queen’s Medal for Music 2018, that seeks to award outstanding individual or group of musicians each year.
Queen Elizabeth II presented the award to Crosby in a ceremony here on Wednesday, the Buckingham Palace said in a statement.
The award’s nominating process was overseen by a committee chaired by the Master of The Queen’s Music, Judith Weir, whose recommendation is then submitted to the Queen for approval.
“Looking around the UK’s currently thriving jazz scene, the name of Gary Crosby is constantly cited as the person who has encouraged a whole generation to look again at jazz and become involved,” Weir said in the statement.
Crosby, the 14th recipient of the award which was instituted in 2005, expressed happiness at being recognized for his work as an educator and mentor to many young jazz musicians.
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Home > Celebrity News > Bonang explains why she cut Somizi out her life
Bonang explains why she cut Somizi out her life
More than a year after Bonang Matheba and Somizi’s flashy friendship came to an abrupt end, Bonang finally revealed what it was that led to her cutting the Idols SA judge out of her life.
Ever since Bonang and Somizi’s friendship fell apart, fans have been wondering what exactly led to the split and in her new book, Bonang From A to B, Bonang finally opened up about the incident.
In a chapter focused on her alleged assault at the hands of a boyfriend in 2012, (She’s referring to Euphonik) Bonang said that the experience taught her who she could trust.
“In the end, it was one of the reasons I stopped being friends with one of my closest friends, Somizi Mhlongo, although not immediately,” she wrote.
Bonang claimed that she phoned Somizi during the alleged assault and he came to pick her up after the incident. She said she later lost trust in him when he made friends with her ex-boyfriend.
“It took me a while to eventually leave that relationship, and years after I had, Somizi, who was my friend, suddenly became friends with my ex. The same one whose violence towards me he had witnessed. That’s when I knew he had to go. I couldn’t trust him anymore so I cut him out of my life,” she revealed.
She admitted that she often would not let the person know if she was no longer friends with them and acknowledged that Somizi “didn’t even realise why” she had suddenly cut him out of her life. She said that Somizi probably thought it was about something else he had actually not even done.
Opening up about the break-up on his reality show last year, Somizi said that he thought it was because she had been told that he spoken to DJ Zinhle about Bonang’s relationship with AKA.
“What I hear is that she thinks or she was told that I told Zinhle about her relationship with AKA. But why? Why would I do that to her? I want the three of them, Zinhle, AKA and Bonang, to sit down and tell me who said that I said what,” he said.
Speaking to TshisaLIVE recently, Bonang said that her and Somizi were professional towards each other but “aren’t friends”.
“We are professionals. At the end of the day, we are in the same industry and we are often in the same spaces. The industry is so small and we know that we are going to bump into each other. We greet each other. We are very polite. I don’t try to disrespect him but that is where it ends. We are not friends,” she said.
Zodwa Wabantu wants to meet Robert Mugabe
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Natural Born Citizenship Research
BOOKS ON GOOGLE BOOKS THAT DEFINE "NATURAL BORN CITIZEN"
A view of the Constitution of the United States of America - Page 80
William Rawle - 1825 - 347 pages - Full view
Therefore every person born within the United States, its territories or districts, whether the p
arents are citizens or aliens, is a natural born citizen in the sense of the constitution, and entitled to all the rights and privileges ...books.google.com - More editions
Commentaries on American law: Volume 1 - Page 273
James Kent - 1832 - Full view
As the President is required to be a native citizen of the United States, ambitious foreigners cannot intrigue for the office, and the qualification of birth cuts off all those inducements from abroad to corruption, negotiation, ...books.google.com - More editions
A familiar exposition of the Constitution of the United States: ... - Page 167
Joseph Story - 1840 - 372 pages - Full view
It is not too much to say, that no one, but a native citizen, ought ordinarily to be intrusted with an office so vital to the safety and liberties of the people. But an exception was, from a deep sense of gratitude, made in favor of ...books.google.com - More editions
Elementary catechism on the Constitution of the United States: For ... - Page 48
Arthur Joseph Stansbury - 1828 - 78 pages - Full view
... but two thirds of their number is sufficient to vote. Q. May any person be chosen President of the United States ? A. Not every person ; none may be chosen unless he has been born in the United States, or was a citizen ...books.google.com
Common school assistant: Volumes 1-5
No cover image
1836 - Snippet view
The first and highest public officer in our government is the President of the United States. Before a man can be made President he must be thirty-five years old, must have been born in the United States and lived in them at least ...books.google.com - More editions
The unconstitutionality of slavery - Page 119
Lysander Spooner - 1845 - 156 pages - Full view
Every person, then, born in the country, and that shall have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States, is eligible to the office of president. And if eligible to that office, ...books.google.com - More editions
New Englander and Yale review: Volume 3 - Page 434
Edward Royall Tyler, William Lathrop Kingsley, George Park Fisher - 1845 - Full view
It is the very essence of the condition of a natural born citizen, of one who is a member of the state by birth within and under it, that his rights are not derived from the mere will of the slate. For the state and the citizen spring ...books.google.com - More editions
The American manual: containing a brief outline of the origin and ... - Page 28
Joseph Bartlett Burleigh - 1849 - 376 pages - Full view
A natural (or native) born citizen of the United States means a person born within the limits of the American Republic;— a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of the Constitution denotes a foreigner who was then an ...books.google.com - More editions
Blackstone's commentaries - Page 323
St. George Tucker, William Blackstone - Preview
That provision in the constitution which requires that the president shall be a native-born citizen (unless he were a citizen of the United States when the constitution was adopted,) is a happy means of security against foreign ...books.google.com - More editions
History of governments showing the progress of civil society and ... - Page 341
Augustine Joseph Hickey Duganne - 1860 - 393 pages - Full view
Inhowever, to be native-born citizens of the order to be eligible to the office of President, a person must have been born in the United States. (2.) He must have resided in the country at least fourteen years, and must be thirty-five years
The American law register: Volume 2 - Page 206
1854 - Full view
But the law of France rejects the principle of the English law, and of our own laws, that birth within the limits and jurisdiction of France, makes a Frenchman, or a natural-born citizen or subject of France, absolutely, and provides ...books.google.com - More editions
First lessons in civil government: including a comprehensive view ... - Page 32
Andrew White Young - 1846 - 235 pages - Full view
This is called becoming naturalized ; that is, becoming entitled to all the rights and privileges of natural born citizens, or citizens born in this country. (See Naturalization.) § 7. Persons also who have been convicted of infamous ...books.google.com - More editions
The law of freedom and bondage in the United States: Volume 2 - Page 304
John Codman Hurd - 1862 - Full view
Undoubtedly, this language of the Constitution was used in reference to that principle of public law, well understood in this country at the time of the adoption of the Constitution, which referred citizenship to the place of birth. ...books.google.com - More editions
A history of the United States, from the discovery of the American ... - Page 439
George Bancroft - 1866 - Full view
The king of England, according to the rule of modern civilization, claimed as his subjects all persons born within his dominions : in like manner every one who first saw the light on the American soil was a natural-born citizen ; but ...books.google.com - More editions
Opinion of Attorney General Bates on citizenship - Page 8
Edward Bates - 1862 - 27 pages - Full view
We have natural born citizens, (Constitution, article 2, § 5,) not made by law or otherwise, but born. ... says not one word, and furnishes not one hint, in relation to the color or to the ancestral race of the " natural born citizen. ...books.google.com - More editions
The Abolitionist: Volume 1 - Page 166
William Lloyd Garrison, New-England Anti-Slavery Society, Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society - 1833 - 192 pages - Full view
Therefore every person born within the United States, its territories, or districts, whether the parents are citizens or aliens, is a natural born citizen in the sense of the constitution, and entitled to all the rights and privileges ...books.google.com - More editions
A law dictionary: adapted to the Constitution and laws of the ...: Volume 1 - Page 275
John Bouvier, Daniel Angell Gleason - 1871 - Full view
Native citizens may fill any office; naturalized citizens may be elected or appointed to any office under the constitution uf the United States, except the offices of president and vice-president. The constitution provides that "the ...books.google.com - More editions
Immigration: its evils and consequences - Page 10
Samuel Clagett Busey - 1856 - 162 pages - Full view
They declared by that solemn compact, that the President of the United States should be a native born citizen, and, as consequent truths, which necessarily follow from .this principle, they established, 1. That the army of the United ...books.google.com - More editions
Outline lessons in civil government: designed for common schools, ... - Page 38
W. L. Thatcher - 1879 - 211 pages - Full view
No person, except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this ... Natural born. — Born in the United States. Our state constitution does not thus limit the office of its executive. (6. ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼
catechism of the united states history - Page 279
b.r. carroll - 1859 - Full view
A majority of the aggregate electoral votes is necessary to elect. THE PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT must be native born citizens, at least thirty-five years of age, and have been resident for fourteen years. ...books.google.com
Smith's hand-book for travellers through the United States of ... - Page 13
John Calvin Smith - 1856 - 275 pages - Full view
No person can be President or Vice-president who is not a native- born citizen, of the age of thirty-five years, ...books.google.com
Philp's Washington described: a complete view of the American ... - Page 74
William D'Arcy Haley - 1861 - 239 pages - Full view
He must be a native-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of the Constitution, and must have attained the age of thirty -five years ; and, from the commencement of the government, so wisely was this ...books.google.com - More editions
Abridged history of the United States: or, Republic of America - Page 254
Emma Willard - 1847 - 336 pages - Full view
The executive power is vested in a president and vice-president; each chosen for a term of four years ; each to be a native born citizen, and to have attained the age of thirty-five. ...books.google.com - More editions
American facts: Notes and statistics relative to the government, ... - Page 44
George Palmer Putnam - 1845 - 292 pages - Full view
No person is eligible to the office who is less than thirty-five years of age, and is not a native-born citizen of the United States. The Vice-President is chosen at the same time, in the same way. He is ex-officio President of the ...books.google.com - More editions
A brief exposition of the Constitution of the United States: with ... - Page 96
James Bayard - 1833 - 166 pages - Full view
It is not necessary that a man should be born in this country, to be " a natural born citizen." It is only requisite he should be a citizen by birth, and that is the case with all the children of citizens who have ever resided in this ...books.google.com - More editions
Recollections of a visit to the United States and British ... - Page 158
1856 - 266 pages - Full view
No person can be President or vice-President, except a native-born citizen, of the age of at least thirty-five years, and who has been fourteen years a resident within the United States. The President is Commander-in-Chief of the army ...books.google.com - More editions
Institutes of international law: public and private, as settled by ... - Page 221
Daniel Gardner - 1860 - 719 pages - Full view
Hence, the President, a native-born citizen, or a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution, and thirty- five years of age, elected for four years, and charged with the executive power of the Union, may, with the advice and consent of ...books.google.com
The law of real property of the state of New York: containing the ... - Page 22
T. M. Lalor, John Duer, Benjamin Franklin Butler - 1855 - 337 pages - Full view
1 can entertain no doubt, but that by the law of the United States, every person born within the dominions and allegiance of the United States, whatever were the situation of his parents, is a natural born citizen ;" /6. ...
A treatise on the law of sales of personal property: with ... - Page 17
William Wetmore Story, Edmund Hatch Bennett - 1871 - 667 pages - Full view
The children of aliens, born in America or in England, are entitled to all the privileges of natural-born citizens.1 This rule does not, however, obtain in France, unless the child, after attaining the age of twenty-one years, ...books.google.com - More editions
Elements of international law - Page 113
Henry Wheaton, Alexander Charles Boyd - 1878 - 760 pages - Full view
England and America claim all who are born within their dominions, as natural born birth in subjects or citizens, whatever may have been the parents' nationality (n). ...books.google.com - More editions
Tuttle's new history of America: an historical and descriptive ... - Page 63
Charles Richard Tuttle - 1876 - 568 pages - Full view
The Chief Executive and the Vice President must be native born citizens of the United States, residing within the states fourteen years, and the Constitution further demands that they shall have attained the age of thirty-five years. ...books.google.com
The student's law lexicon: a dictionary of legal words and phrases ... - Page 185
William Cox Cochran - 1888 - 332 pages - Full view
... which is due from all natural-born subjects to their sovereign, as distinguished from local allegiance, which is only temporary. Natural-born citizens, those that are born within the jurisdiction of a national government; ie, ...books.google.com - More editions
The American encyclopædic dictionary: Volume 12 - Page 867
S. J. Herrtage, John A. Williams, Robert Hunter - 1897 - Full view
Citizens may be divided Into two classes : natural born and alien born. Natural-born citizens are of two kinds: native born — those born of either American or alien parents ...books.google.com - More editions
A dictionary of American and English law: with definitions of the ... - Page 212
Stewart Rapalje, Robert Linn Lawrence - 1883 - 1380 pages - Full view
Native born citizens are eligible to any office, but naturalized citizens cannot fill the office* of president or vice-president of the United States. Children of citizens born while their parents are traveling abroad, are citizens, ...books.google.com - More editions
Handbook of the United States political history for readers and ... - Page 282
The Election of the President. The chief executive of the United States must be a native-born citizen and at least thirty-five years of age, which is five more than required for a Senator and ten more than for a Representative. ...books.google.com - More editions
The popular American dictionary, on the basis of Webster, ... - Page 430
The Executive power is vested in a President. He must be a native-born citizen, a resident of the United States, and at least thirty-five years of age. He holds his office during a term of four years, and may be re-elected. ...books.google.com - More editions
The Nation: Volume 67 - Page 10
The court accepts the natural conclusion of these premises, and holds that the children of Chinese subjects born In the United States must be considered as natural-born citizens; and Congress, while it may refuse to naturalize subjects ...books.google.com - More editions
Law dictionary - Page 469
John Bouvier, Francis Rawle - 1897 - Full view
The term natural-born citizen used in the federal constitution is not therein defined. Its meaning must be gathered from the common law. An alien enemy cannot be naturalized ; RS § 2171. An applicant for naturalization must have been a ...books.google.com - More editions
An exposition of the constitution of the United States - Page 286
Albert Orville Wright - 1883 - Full view
All persons born in the United States, except wild Indians, are natural-born citizens, and any foreigner may become an adopted citizen by being naturalized. (See page 88. ...books.google.com - More editions
Civil government: describing the various forms of ... - Page 272
Edward Schwinn, William Wesley Stevenson - 1901 - 374 pages - Full view
A person born in the United States is a natural-born citizen, while a person born in a foreign country of foreign parentage, having declared allegiance to this government, is a naturalized citizen. A naturalized citizen can hold any ...books.google.com - More editions
The little giant cyclopedia and treasury of ready reference: ... - Page 274
K. L. Armstrong - 1889 - Full view
... of the various States under the command of the President. The President of the United States must be 35 years of age; a US Senator, 30 ; a Congressman, 25. ... President with one born on American soil. Curious By-Products from Coal. ...books.google.com - More editions
Manual of the Constitution of the United States: designed for the ... - Page 319
Israel Ward Andrews - 1874 - 370 pages - Full view
The executive power is vested in a single officer, styled the President of the United States. We have seen that he must be thirty-five years of age, a native-born citizen, and a resident for fourteen years in the United States. ...books.google.com - More editions
A history of the United States - Page 142
Allen Clapp Thomas - 1893 - 418 pages - Full view
The Vice-President is the presiding officer of the Senate, but has no vote except in the case of a tie. Both the President and the Vice-President must be native-born citizens of the United States and be at least thirty-five years old. ...books.google.com - More editions
The question book: a general review of common school studies : to ... - Page 214
Asa Hollister Craig - 1878 - 282 pages - Full view
Any citizen born in the United States, thirty-five years of age, and fourteen years a resident. 62. By electors chosen by the people. The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by distinct ballots for President and ...books.google.com - More editions
American primary teacher: Volume 26 - Page 314
What the law says as to the presidency is simplicity itself; merely that a President shall be a native-born citizen at least thirty- five years old. with a residence of not less than fourteen years within the United States, ...books.google.com - More editions
History and civil government of Minnesota - Page 255
Sanford Niles, Burke Aaron Hinsdale - 1897 - 307 pages - Full view
The President must be a native-born citizen of the United States. He must have attained the age of thirty-five years, and have been a resident of the country fourteen years at the time of his election. The Vice-President must have the ...books.google.com - More editions
The American federal state: a text-book in civics for high schools ... - Page 108
Footprints of four centuries: the Story of the American people, ... - Page 618
Hamilton Wright Mabie - 1894 - 851 pages - Full view
... our federal system can be preserved, and in that lies our safety and success. The qualifications for President are that he shall be a native-born American, who has resided in the country for fourteen years, and who is thirty-five ...books.google.com - More editions
Elements of modern geography. 51 st thous., revised - Page 246
Alexander Mackay - 1885 - Full view
The President is elected for a term of four years. He must be a native-born citizen of not less than thirty-five years of age. He is commander- in-chief of the army and navy, and, with the concurrence of the senate, declares war, ...books.google.com
Roscoe Lewis Ashley - 1902 - 599 pages - Full view
No one, however, was eligible to the office of President or Vice-president unless he was a native born citizen or a naturalized citizen in 1 788, at least thirty-five years of age, and fourteen years a resident of the United States. ...books.google.com - More editions
History and civil government of Missouri - Page 253
James Underwood Barnard, Burke Aaron Hinsdale - 1896 - 302 pages - Full view
Mines and mining: a commentary on the law of mines and mining ...: Volume 1 - Page 208
Wilson Isaac Snyder - 1902 - 1462 pages - Full view
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside.2 A natural-born citizen is one who is born in the United States.4 ...books.google.com - More editions
Reports of cases in law and equity, argued and determined in the ...: Volume 39 - Page 257
Georgia. Supreme Court - 1870 - Full view
Though it is very strange how the common law of England could make a naturalized citizen eligible to the office of President of the United States if the exception requiring him to be a native born citizen had not been introduced into ...books.google.com - More editions
The history of the United States of America: (From the discovery ...: Volume 3 - Page 521
Richard Hildreth - 1863 - Full view
In case the election devolved on Congress, two thirds of the states must be present to constitute a quorum. The President was required to be thirty-five years of age, and native born, or a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution. ...books.google.com - More editions
Outlines of international law: with an account of its origin and ... - Page 102
George Breckenridge Davis - 1886 - 469 pages - Full view
In the United States, whose policy of naturalization is extremely liberal, the offices of President and Vice-President can only be held by native-born citizens. (More editions
The Pacific reporter: Volume 19 - Page 142
California. Supreme Court, Colorado. Supreme Court, Kansas. Supreme Court - 1889 - Full view
The vice-president shall be the president of the senate. No person shall bo eligible to the office of president except a native-born citizen, who shall hold his office during the term of four years, and shall be elected as therein ...books.google.com - More editions
The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of ... - Page 262
In relation to all thes^ points the Constitution is silent ; but the Constitution provides that certain persons shall not be voted for as President of the United States. No one who is not a native-born citizen of the United States, ...books.google.com - More editions
West Publishing Company - 1889 - Full view
The vice-president shall be the president of the senate. No person shall be eligible to the office of president except a native-born citizen, who shall hold his office during the term of four years, and shall be elected as therein ...books.google.com - More editions
Analysis of civil government: including a topical and tabular ... - Page 140
Calvin Townsend - 1869 - 342 pages - Full view
The Vice-President must be native born, or a citizen of the United States at the adoption of the Constitution : the President pro tempore of the Senate need not be either. Any member of the Senate is eligible to the presidency pro ...books.google.com - More editions
THE PRESIDENTIAL COUNTS: A COMPLETE OFFICAL RECORD - Page 192
In relation to all these points the Constitution is silent; the Constitution provides that certain persons shall not be voted for as President of the United States. No one who is not a native-born citizen of the United States, ...books.google.com
Columbia law review: Volume 4 - Page 148
Columbia University. School of Law - 1904 - Full view
Citizens he informs us are of two kinds, natural born or naturalized. To the first class belong all children born in and subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, (thus including children of parents in the diplomatic service and ...books.google.com - More editions
Illinois Circuit court reports: reports of cases decided in the ...: Volume 1 - Page 617
Illinois. Courts, Francis E. Matthews, Hal Crumpton Bangs - 1907 - Full view
Under this provision every person born within the dominion and allegiance of the United States, whatever the nationality of his parents, is a natural- born citizen of the United States. Idem. 4. ...books.google.com - More editions
Commentaries on the law of persons and personal property: Being an ... - Page 125
Theodore William Dwight, Edward F. Dwight - 1894 - 748 pages - Full view
Citizens are either natural-born or naturalized. One who is born in the United States or under its jurisdiction is a natural-born citizen without reference to the nationality of his parents. Their presence here constitutes a temporary ...books.google.com - More editions
The voice of the people: or, The history of political issues in ... - Page 115
W. H. F. Henry - 1888 - 836 pages - Full view
The Vice President, who is ex-officio President of the Senate, has the easting vote in all measures in case of a tie. To be eligible to the presidency a candidate must be a native born citizen and thirty-five years of age, and must have ...books.google.com - More editions
Civics: studies in American citizenship - Page 158
Waldo Henry Sherman - 1905 - 328 pages - Full view
Necessary Qualifications of the President : Salary, etc. — To be eligible to the office of President or Vice-President, a man must be a native-born American citizen, at least thirty-five years of age, and have been a resident within the ...books.google.com - More editions
Governments of the world to-day: An outline for the use of ... - Page 400
Joseph Hamblen Sears - 1895 - 406 pages - Full view
If no vice-president is elected the Senate chooses him. The president and vice-president must be at least thirty-five years of age, must be native-born, and must have been residents of the United States for fourteen years. ...books.google.com - More editions
The graded school speller: Book 6 - Page 12
Frank Ellsworth Spaulding, William Dana Miller - 1908 - Full view
Only native-born citizens are eligible. The President is chosen by electors. A cabinet assists the President. The Capitol is at Washington. II am bas'sa dor The President nominates ambassadors. con'sul He also nominates the consuls. le ...books.google.com - More editions
The School journal: Volume 66 - Page 646
The president was asked to assist the native born Chinese children in that city to obtain education in the public schools of the city. ... She taught for forty-five consecutive years, thirty-five of which were in grammar school No. ...books.google.com - More editions
Annual report of the corporation of the Chamber of Commerce of the ... - Page 40
New York Chamber of Commerce - 1893 - Full view
It can only be occupied by a man who is not only a native-born citizen, but who has actually lived in the United States for fourteen years and who has attained the age of thirty-five years ; and it can only be filled by a man who, ...books.google.com - More editions
Civil government - Page 243
Paul Samuel Reinsch - 1909 - 258 pages - Full view
The President must be a native-born citizen of the United States over thirty-five years of age. The Vice-President is elected in a similar manner. 3. The Judiciary Department. — The Constitution provides for one Supreme Court. ...books.google.com - More editions
The Arena: Volume 37 - Page 14
There seems therefore now to be no room for misunderstanding as to the meaning of the elementary propositions, that a natural born citizen is one who is born in the United States, and that the child, bom abroad, of an American ...books.google.com - More editions
Proceedings of the American Society of International Law at its ...: Volumes 3-4 - Page 66
American Society of International Law - 1909 - Full view
The rule of the common law is that citizenship turns upon the place of birth, and that one born within the jurisdiction, even though of alien parents, is a citizen by birth, or, as the Constitution expresses it, a natural-born citizen; ...books.google.com - More editions
Americans by choice - Page 49
John Palmer Gavit - 1922 - 448 pages - Full view
The Constitution of the United States must be interpreted in the light of the Common Law, under which every child born in England, even though of alien parents, was a natural-born citizen. 2. The qualifying words in the Fourteenth ...books.google.com - More editions
Oregon Teachers' Monthly: Volume 20 - Page 4
Answer — (a) The President must be a native born citizen of the United States, at least thirty-five years of age and for fourteen years a resident within the United States, (b) To be eligible for election to the House of Representatives ...books.google.com - More editions
General social science
Ross Lee Finney - 1926 - 459 pages - Snippet view
President must have been born in the United States and must be at least thirty-five years of age. His oath is in these words : "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the duties of President of the United States, ...books.google.com - More editions
Helps for the study of our Constitution
Grace Alice Turkington - 1925 - 153 pages - Snippet view
WHAT THE CONSTITUTION HAS TO SAY ABOUT THE PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT ... then the person elected to be Vice President becomes President Only a person born in the United States" can become President Thirty-five years or over Must have ...books.google.com - More editions
The American passport: its history and a digest of laws, rulings ... - Page 99
United States. Dept. of State, Gaillard Hunt - 1898 - 233 pages - Full view
I return herewith the "certificate of Californian citizenship. " CITIZENSHIP BY NATIVITY. All persons born in the United States, except such as are born in foreign embassies or legations and Indians untaxed, are natural-born citizens of ...books.google.com - More editions
Boys' and Girls' Bookshelf: Historic tales and golden deeds (part 1-2) - Page 63
Hamilton Wright Mabie, University Society, New York - 1912 - Full view
What the law says as to the Presidency is simplicity itself: merely that a President shall be a native-born citizen at least thirty-five years old, with a residence of not less than fourteen years within the United States, ...books.google.com - More editions
Constitutional law of the federal system
Charles Herman Pritchett, United States - 1984 - 382 pages - Snippet view
Every person born in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction is a citizen and, of course, a natural-born citizen. Persons born abroad and acquiring citizenship by the process of naturalization are thus excluded from ...books.google.com
American constitutional rights: cases, documents, and commentary
William A. Carroll, Norman B. Smith - 1991 - 785 pages - Snippet view
Natural-born citizens can acquire that status by being born in the United States, on the basis of jus soli, or by being born of a parent or parents who are citizens of the United States, on the basis of jus sanguinis. ...
The national government of the United States
William Anderson - 1946 - 593 pages - Snippet view
The Constitution speaks in one place of "natural born" citizens of the United States, and elsewhere it mentions "naturalization." The first clearly refers to the acquisition of citizenship by birth, and the second to the conferment of ...books.google.com - More editions
The United States Constitution in perspective
Claude L. Heathcock - 1968 - 322 pages - Snippet view
... native-born citizens and naturalized citizens is eligibility to the Presidency and Vice Presidency. Only native-born citizens are eligible to hold these offices. NATURALIZATION PROCESS DECLARATION OF INTENTION (optional) Filed with ...books.google.com - More editions
Our America: the elements of civics - Page 331
John Augustus Lapp, Charles Kettleborough - 1916 - 399 pages - Full view
OUTLINE OF THE POWERS AND DUTIES OF FEDERAL OFFICIALS The President. — By far the most important officer of the federal government is the president. The president must be at least thirty-five years of age and a native-born citizen of ...books.google.com - More editions
Doniphan County, Kansas, history and directory for 1868-9: ... - Page 322
R. F. Smith - 1868 - 349 pages - Full view
No person can be President or Vice-President who is not a native- born citizen of the United States, and of the age of thirty-five years, and must have been a resident of the United States for fourteen years. The President is Commander ...books.google.com
Preparing for citizenship: an elementary textbook in civics - Page 183
William Backus Guitteau - 1913 - 238 pages - Full view
be a native-born citizen of the United States, at least thirty-five years of age, and a resident of the ... If the President dies, his place is taken by the Vice-President, who is chosen at the same time, ...books.google.com - More editions
Bulletin: Volumes 1-2 - Page 38
Massachusetts. Board of education. Dept. of university extension - 1916 - Full view
Must be thirty-five years old, a native-born citizen of the United States. Must have lived at least fourteen years in the United States. Lives in White House in Washington, DC Vice-President. — Elected as is the President. ...books.google.com
The young American citizen: civics for grammar grades - Page 243
Jesse Hinton Binford, Ellis Urban Graff - 1922 - 336 pages - Full view
The President must be a native-born citizen, and must have resided in the United States fourteen years, and be at least thirty-five years old. His salary is $75000 a year. President's Appointing Power. — The President is the chief ...books.google.com
Elements of civil government: prepared for the public schools of ... - Page 59
George I. Wright - 1893 - 162 pages - Full view
The President must be a native- born citizen of the United States, and must have attained the age of thirty-five years, besides having the ordinary qualifications of an elector. A President is elected every four years by a body of ...books.google.com - More editions
Twenty years of Congress: from Lincoln to Garfield: With a review ... - Page 415
James Gillespie Blaine - 1884 - Full view
He must be a native-born citizen of the United States and thirty-five years of age. Nothing more ! These are the only qualifications for the office of President. By the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, we have declared that all ...books.google.com - More editions
Ideals of the republic - Page 81
James Schouler - 1908 - 304 pages - Full view
And, moreover, one cannot be President of the United States, nor even a governor as some States set the rule, unless native born, and resident besides for a specified time. Rotation in office is procured by fundamental provisions which ...books.google.com - More editions
St. Nicholas: Volume 30, Part 1 - Page 392
Mary Mapes Dodge - 1903 - Full view
A history of the United States for grammar schools
Reuben Gold Thwaites, Calvin Noyes Kendall, Frederic Logan Paxson - 1924 - 563 pages - Snippet view
The Vice-President is elected at the same time and in the same way. Who may be elected President of the United States? Any person who was born in the United States, who is thirty-five years of age, and who has been a resident of the ...books.google.com - More editions
Comment on devient citoyen: - Page 36
Nathaniel Clark Fowler - 1913 - 288 pages - Full view
May a woman, born in the United States become President of the United States? Answer. — Under the law, yes. But it has never occurred. Question. — What is a jury? ... Who is the Chief Executive of a State? Answer. — The Governor. ...books.google.com - More editions
Immigration and the law: a dictionary
Bill Ong Hing - 1999 - 400 pages - Snippet view
II Natural Born Citizen a person who acquires citizenship by virtue of being born in the United States or a US territory such as Puerto Rico or Guam. But citizenship can also be obtained by a child born abroad to a US ...books.google.com
Stoddart's Encyclopaedia americana: a dictionary of arts, ...: Volume 2 - Page 748
Encyclopaedia britannica. American supplement - 1884 - Full view
the President, the Vice- President, and members of the House of Representatives ; and have no application to the ... also that no one shall be eligible to these offices unless he be 35 years old and be born in the United States. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The President and the Executive Branch - Page 18
Bryon Giddens-White - 2005 - 32 pages - Preview
Not everyone can be president of the United States. According to the Constitution, presidential candidates must be at least 35 years old and born in the United States. The writers of the Constitution included the natural-bom citizen ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Civics for citizens
Stanley Ellwood Dimond, Elmer F. Pflieger - 1965 - 636 pages - Snippet view
A natural-born citizen is one born in the United States or in one of its possessions. ... Most Presidents when taking office have been much older than 35 years of age. The youngest was President Theodore Roosevelt, who was 42 years old. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The First Woman President of the Unites States of America: When ... - Page 19
Carole Marsh - 1999 - Preview
And that's how we ended up with a president, a legislature, and a judicial branch of government. ... to be elected president of the United States: •Must have been born in the United States •Must be at least 35 years old As you can see, ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
George W. Bush: America's Newest President and His White House Family - Page 23
Carole Marsh - 2001 - 48 pages - Preview
"Natural born" citizens are people born in the United States, or those born of US citizens who are temporarily living in another country, such as soldiers or diplomats. The 20th Amendment to the Constitution states the vice-president is ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The Complete Idiot's Guide to U.S. Government and Politics - Page 163
Franco Scardino - 2009 - 400 pages - Preview
Qualifications The president must be a natural-born citizen, meaning he or she must be born in the United States or have parents who are American citizens. The president must also be at least 35 years old. ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Winston's cumulative encyclopedia: a comprehensive reference book: Volume 10
Charles Morris - 1915 - Full view
Only persons born in the United States and who have reached the age of 35 years are eligible to the presidency. The President is commander-in- chief of the army and navy and of the militia in the service of the Union. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Encyclopædia britannica - Page 216
the President, the Vice- President, afid members of the House of Representatives ; and have no application to the election of the ... no one shall be eligible to these offices unless he be 35 years old and be born in the United States. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Winston's cumulative loose-leaf encyclopedia: a comprehensive ...: Volume 10
Constitution: Shmoop Civics Guide - Page 26
Shmoop - Preview
Formal job requirements for the presidency: he has to have been born in the United States, he has to be at least 35 years old, and he has to been living inside the US for at least 14 years. (That's it?) Clause 6. ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
(3) More than one President has been elected, who had not a popular majority, yet his election was constitutional. ... Born in the United States. Our state constitution does not thus limit the office of its executive. (6. ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Journal of education: Volume 76 - Page 458
Whoever is selected for either president or vice- president must satisfy the same requirements, ... The qualifications are: (1) That both candidates must be native born, (2) residents for .fourteen years, (3) thirty- five years old. ...books.google.com - More editions
Manual of useful information: embracing more than 100,000 facts, ... - Page 40
J. C. Thomas - 1893 - 480 pages - Full view
A naturalized citizen cannot become President or Vice-President of the United States. A male child born abroad of American parents has an equal chance to become President with one born on American soil. A DOZEN AMERICAN WONDERS. ...books.google.com - More editions
The United States: its history, government and institutions - Page 218
Daniel Howard, Samuel J. Brown - 1922 - 344 pages - Full view
Who May Be President. — The President must be a native- born citizen of the United States, that is, he must have been born in this country. He must be at least thirty-five years of age and must have lived in the United States for ...books.google.com - More editions
The United States of America: a pictorial history of the American ...: Volume 5 - Page 300
William Torrey Harris, Edward Everett Hale, Nelson Appleton Miles - 1906 - Full view
No person is eligible to the office of either President or Vice-President unless he is a native-born citizen of the United States, thirty-five years old, and for fourteen years a resident of the country. The Vice-President succeeds the ...books.google.com - More editions
A general outline of civil government in the United States: the ... - Page 19
Clinton David Higby - 1894 - 133 pages - Full view
At their respective conventions the different parties nominate one person for President and one for Vice-President, who must be native-born citizens thirty-five years of age, and not both from the same State. ...books.google.com - More editions
Government by the people: the laws and customs regulating the ... - Page 120
Robert Higginson Fuller - 1908 - 261 pages - Full view
Only native-born American citizens, thirty-five years old, who have lived fourteen years in the United States are eligible to the Presidency or the Vice-Presidency, and the President and Vice-President cannot both be chosen from the ...books.google.com - More editions
Mixer and server: Volume 17 - Page 47
Q. How old must the President be? A. Thirty-five years of age and must be a native born citizen. Q. What are the duties of the Vice-President? A. He is the president of the Senate. Q. Has the President anything to do with making the ...books.google.com - More editions
Fergus' historical series: Volumes 19-25 - Page 18
that none but native-born citizens can be president; I am an Englishman by birth and I am ineligible !" However intense his ambition, he was a natural orator. After serving in Congress, as the successor of Abraham Lincoln, he removed to ...books.google.com - More editions
How to become a citizen of the United States of America: Wie werde ... - Page 50
Charles Kallmeyer - 1913 - 127 pages - Full view
No person except a native-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not ...books.google.com - More editions
The government: what it is, what it does - Page 189
Salter Storrs Clark - 1902 - 304 pages - Full view
In a few offices a greater age is required ; eg a congressman must be twenty-five, the president thirty-five. ... A naturalized citizen may ; but a notable exception is that only a native-born citizen can be president. Residence. ...books.google.com - More editions
Proceedings of the ... annual session of the Texas bar association .. - Page 198
Texas Bar Association - 1906 - Full view
The executive powers of government are lodged in a President. He is elected for four years. He must be a native born citizen of the age of at least thirty-five years, and is elected by an electoral college representing the qualified ...books.google.com - More editions
Illinois law review: Volume 3 - Page 503
Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) - 1908 - Full view
... this allegiance was not in reality transferred to the thirteen sovereign commonwealths. As anyone born in the dominion of the king was ipso facto the king's subject, so anyone born on American soil now became a natural born American ...books.google.com - More editions
God's Country, America's Heartcry - Page 175
Kay Dee Lilley - 2010 - 244 pages - Preview
In the US Constitution there are 3 requirements for being President in the USA First the person must be born in the United States. The 2nd is he or she must be 35 years old. And 3rd. the President must have lived in the USA for at least ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
CliffsTestPrep U.S. Citizenship Test - Page 303
Edward Swick - 2005 - 320 pages - Preview
34. A representative is elected for two years. 35. The President heads the Executive Branch. 36. ... A person must be born in the United States to become President. 52. Alaska is the largest state in the Union. 53. ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Boys' Life - Feb 1975 - Page 36
Vol. 65, No. 2 - 74 pages - Magazine - Full view
I point out that, while I have the legal qualifications to be President (I was born in the United States and am over 35), I could not possibly attain that office. The Constitution is for me, but tradition is against me. ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Seasonal Activities: Winter - Page 89
Brenda Strickland, Mary Franklin Green - 2008 - 160 pages - Preview
Page One: Write the numeral 35 on top of the birthday cake. Explain that a US president must be at least 35 years old. ... Explain that US presidents must be born in the United States. 4. Put the completed minibook pages in order. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My
Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
How to organize just about everything: more than 500 step-by-step ...
Peter Walsh - 2004 - 576 pages - Preview
485 Become President of the United States American kids grow up hearing that anyone can become president, ... Steps 1 Be at least 35 years old and a citizen born in the United States, Guam, Puerto Rico or the US Virgin Islands (or to ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Skills for Scholars: How Our Government Works, Grade 5 - Page 48
Frank Schaffer Publications - 2008 - 80 pages - Preview
There are very few limitations on who can become president. The president must be at least 35 years old. He or she must also have been born in the United States and have lived in the United States country at least 14 years. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The U.S. Presidency - Page 10
Muriel L. Dubois - 2003 - 24 pages - Preview
Who Can Be President? Candidates for president must meet certain requirements. They must be at least 35 years old when they take office. They must be born in the United States or born to US citizens. Presidents must have lived in the ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Vice President - Page 12
Jacqueline Laks Gorman - 2009 - 24 pages - Preview
CHAPTER 3 How Does a Person Become Vice President? To become vice president a person must be at least 35 years old. He or she must be a citizen born in the United States. He or she must have lived in the United States for at least 14 ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Everything You Always Wanted to Know about America's Presidents* ... - Page 92
2007 - 499 pages - Preview
The candidate must also be at least 35 years old and must have lived in the United States for at least 14 years. ... The Constitution allows Congress to remove a president from office. The president first must be impeached (charged with ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Painless American Government - Page 124
Jeffrey Strausser - 2003 - 296 pages - Preview
At a minimum, anyone wanting to be the president must: • have been born in the United States (The Constitution uses the term natural-born ... be at least 35 years old. • have lived in the United States for at least 14 years (but not ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
President - Page 14
CHAPTER 3 How Does a Person Become President? To become president a person must be at least 35 years old. He or she must be a citizen born in the United States. He or she must have lived in the United States for at least years. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Academic Encounters: American Studies: Intermediate - Page 21
Jessica Williams - 2007 - 264 pages - Preview
The Constitution specifies that the President must be at least 35 years old and must be born in the United States. It also states that the President serves a four-year term and then can run for reelection. At the time the Constitution ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Electing the president
Tom Belina, Echaore-Yoon, Friedland - 1988 - 65 pages - Snippet view
Who can run for President? Anyone who answers yes to these three questions: • Were you born in the United States? • Are you at least 35 years old? • Have you lived in the United States for at least 14 years? ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Our Political Systems - Page 211
Adrian Krieg - 2004 - 268 pages - Preview
... the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. To be President you must: 1) have been a resident for at least 14 years, 2) be over 35 years old, 3) have been born in the United States. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Marc Tyler Nobleman - 2005 - 24 pages - Preview
Voters must live in the state in which they vote. To run for president, a person must have been born in the United States. Candidates for president also have to be at least 35 years old. IA woman fills out a form so she can vote. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Political Elections - Page 16
Davis Worth Miller, Katherine McLean Brevard - 2008 - 32 pages - Preview
The President of the United States must be at least 35 years old . . . Presidents must have lived in the United States for at ... Presidents must have been born in the United States. Other national offices have requirements as well. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Elections!Elections!Elections! - Page 17
"Natural born" citizens are people born in the United States, or the children of US citizens (such as soldiers or diplomats) who are temporarily living ... Determine what year your students could become president of the United States! ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The Best American History Book in the World: All the Information ... - Page 63
Eric Burnett - 2003 - 384 pages - Preview
So that's how the president is elected. Here's what it takes to be elected. You have to be 35 years old, born in the United States, and a resident of the United States for 14 years. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Congressional Record - Page 15369
- Preview
... staging a presidential debate to invite all candidates that meet the following criteria: the candidate must meet all Constitutional requirements for being President (eg, at least 35 years of age, born in the United States), ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
How Our Government Works: Grade 5 - Page 48
School Specialty Publishing - 2008 - 80 pages - Preview
There are very few limitations on who can become president. The president must be at least 35 years old. He or she must also have been born in the United States and have lived in the United States ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Federal citizenship textbook: A course of instruction for use in ...: Volume 3 - Page 70
United States. Bureau of Naturalization, Raymond Fowler Crist, Edgar M. Ross - 1921 - Full view
Any citizen of the United States may be elected President: If he was born in the United States; if he is thirty-five (35) years old or over; and if he has been living in this country for fourteen (14) years. Paragraph 5. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Melchizedek: or, The exaltation of the Son of Man - Page 105
George Washington Reaser - 1913 - 185 pages - Full view
No man can be President of the United States unless he is a native born citizen. A naturalized citizen cannot be the chief executive of the American people. The great nations of Europe who successfully rule the tribes of Africa do it ...books.google.com - More editions
A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, ... - Page 550
United States. President, James Daniel Richardson - 1899 - Full view
In order to be eligible, the President must be 35 years of age, a native-born citizen of the United States, and a resident within the United States for 14 years. He is elected for a term of 4 years by electors chosen by the different ...books.google.com - More editions
The chief executive of the United States must be a native-born citizen and at least thirty-five years of age, which is five more than required for a Senator and ten more than for a Representative. See " Age," page 195. ...books.google.com - More editions
American Bar Association journal: Volume 5 - Page 200
American Bar Association - 1919 - Full view
... authorities: " I can entertain no doubt but that, by the law of the United States, every person born within the dominions and allegiance of the United States, whatever were the situation of his parents, is a natural-born citizen. ...books.google.com - More editions
Two Heartbeats Away - Page 45
Nathan S. Mitchell - 2004 - 304 pages - Preview
He's the senator who presides over the Senate when the Vice President is absent. The law also requires that in order for the person to become President, he must've been born in the United States and be at least 35 years old. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
What's a President and Vice President? - Page 19
Nancy Harris - 2007 - 32 pages - Preview
There are rules that say who can run for vice president. The rules are: • You must be born in the United States. • You must be at least 35 years old. • You must have lived in the United States for at least 1 4 years. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Adventures in Time and Place
James A. Banks, Barry K. Beyer, Gloria Contreras - 2000 - Snippet view
To be President, a person must be a citizen born in the United States, at least 35 years old, and have lived in the United States for at least 14 years. 6. If the President leaves office for any reason or can no longer serve as ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
National Government - Page 11
Ernestine Giesecke - 2009 - 32 pages - Preview
To be president of the United States a person must have been born in the United States, have lived in the country for at least 14 years, and be at least 35 years old. Below, FDA workers test foods that could be contaminated with ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The Constitution and the Bill of Rights - Page 19
Roben Alarcon - 2004 - 25 pages - Preview
There are many people in the cabinet to let the president know what is happening in the country . The Constitution has special rules about who can become president . The candidate must be 35 years or older and born in the United States ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Understanding the U.S. Constitution
Sally Senzell Isaacs - 2008 - 32 pages - Preview
For example, Americans elect a president every four years. A president must be someone who was born in the United States and is at least 35 years old. After the four-year term, a president can be re-elected to serve only one more time. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Daily Skill-Builders: Social Studies 4-5
Kate O'Halloran - Preview
If you do not meet them, you cannot even run for president. Read the statements below. ... 3. You must have been born in the United States. 4. You must be at least 35 years old. 5. You must be no more than 60 years old. 6. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Election Day - Page 18
Mir Tamim Ansary - 2006 - 32 pages - Preview
Who Can Be President? Only certain people may be president. They must be over 35 years old and born in the United States. No one can be president more than twice. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Elect Me!
Fran Manushkin - 2008 - 32 pages - Preview
“The class president should be a good leader.” “I'ma terrific leader,” said Davey. “I'm always first in line for lunch. ... To be the US president, you must have been born in the United States. You must be at least 35 years old. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Parliamentary debates - Page 244
New Zealand. Parliament. House of Representatives - 1884 - Full view
Ballanco B.-Bradshaw Buchanan Cadman Dargaville Gillies Grey Hatch Ayes, 35. ... except the single position of President, and that is open to every person whe has been born in the United States. The result of that has undoubtedly been ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The U.S. Constitution - Page 16
Christine Peterson - 2008 - 32 pages - Preview
That's why they decided a president would lead the executive branch. But the Founding Fathers wrote rules in the ... born in the United States. They must be at least 35 years old and have lived in the country for the past 14 years. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
American government and politics today
Steffen W. Schmidt, Mack C. Shelley, Barbara A. Bardes - 1993 - 694 pages - Snippet view
The power exercised by each president who has held the office has been scrutinized and judged by historians, ... only citizens born in the United States and its territories? What about a child born to a US citizen (or to a couple who ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Elements of civil government, local, state, and national: a brief ... - Page 163
William Augustus Mowry - 1898 - 226 pages - Full view
A citizen of the United States is a person born in the United States, or one who has been naturalized. ... the national Constitution provides that no one can be President of the United States unless he be a natural born citizen. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Market liberalism: a paradigm for the 21st century - Page 54
David Boaz, Edward H. Crane - 1993 - 404 pages - Preview
The Constitution itself precludes us from electing as president anyone who is not born in the United States or who is under the age of 35. That said, the reality is that term limits will enhance the democratic process. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Our Constitution and what it means
United States, William Kottmeyer - 1975 - 58 pages - Snippet view
In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the The President must be born in the United States or born of citizens of the United ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Contemporary's look at the U.S.
Carole Cross - 1989 - 118 pages - Snippet view
To be president of the United States, you must be at least 35 years old, a 14-year resident of the United States, and born in the United States. 32. The vice president would take the president's place. 33. The vice president of the ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Social studies anthology: the world around us
James A. Banks, Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Publishing Company - 1993 - 200 pages - Snippet view
To be President, a person must be a citizen born in the United States, at least 35 years old, and have lived in the United States for at least 14 years. 6. If the President leaves office for any reason or can no longer serve as ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
A handbook for naturalization workers
Esther Sterna Beckwith, Helen M. Katz, National Council of Jewish Women - 1942 - 76 pages - Snippet view
Any native-born citizen, 35 years of age or over, may be elected President or Vice-President of the United States. 38. What are some of the duties of the President? The President recommends measures to Congress for the country's welfare ...books.google.com
Child Training Association, Children's activities for home and school - 1959 - Snippet view
Every boy born in the United States has the same chance to become president of our great country as had George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. That is one of the wonderful things about our democratic form of government. ...books.google.com - More editions
Encyclopedia Americana: Volume 9
The president and the vice president are elected for four years by direct, secret ballot and may not be reelected within 4 years after the expiration of their terms. Only native-born citizens at least 35 years of age are eligible for ...books.google.com - More editions
Rise of the American Nation: Volume 2
Lewis Paul Todd, Merle Eugene Curti - 1966 - 880 pages - Snippet view
*I Qualifications for President: ( 1 ) A native-born citizen resident of the United States for at least 14 years, of the United States. (2) At least 35 years of age. (3) A f term of office: 4 years. 6. Filling vacancies. ...books.google.com - More editions
Understanding American Government and politics
Samuel Steinberg - 1967 - 372 pages - Snippet view
... but quite possibly the most important and influential official in the world. Constitutional qualifications. Under the Constitution, the President must be a native-born citizen, at least 35 years of age at the time he takes office, ...books.google.com - More editions
Choosing the president of the USA.
Kathryn Haeseler Stone - 1954 - 43 pages - Snippet view
Any person aspiring to the Presidency must meet the Constitutional qualifications that he be a native-born citizen at least 35 years of age and a resident of the country for at least fourteen years. An Elector cannot vote for both a ...books.google.com
Problems in American democracy
Samuel Howard Patterson - 1961 - 658 pages - Snippet view
The Constitution specifies that the President must be a native born American, at least 35 years of age. His term of office is four years, after which he may be re-elected. George Washington, our first President, refused a third term, ...books.google.com - More editions
Principles and problems of American national government
John M. Swarthout, Ernest R. Bartley - 1951 - 700 pages - Snippet view
Since the Vice-President may assume the post of chief executive, he must meet the same constitutional qualifications as the President. The Vice-President, too, must be a native-born citizen who is at least 35 years of age and ...books.google.com - More editions
The World and its peoples: U.S.A.
1966 - 642 pages - Snippet view
Any native-born citizen at least 35 years of age and a resident of the country for 14 years has the right to run for the presidency. When he declined to serve more than two four-year terms in office, George Washington set a precedent ...books.google.com - More editions
America: its history and people, a unit organization
Harold Underwood Faulkner, Tyler Kepner - 1950 - 953 pages - Snippet view
To be eligible for the Presidency or Vice Presidency, either by election or succession, one must be a native-born citizen, at least 35 years of age, and a resident of the United States for 14 years [59, note; 97, note]. ...books.google.com - More editions
Merit students encyclopedia: Volume 19
Merit, William Darrach Halsey - 1980 - Snippet view
A candidate must be a native-born citizen at least 35 years of age. With a few notable exceptions the Vice-Presidency has been occupied by relatively obscure politicians, particularly since the adoption of the 12th Amendment to the ...books.google.com - More editions
The Presidential campaign: an essay - Page 117
Stephen Hess - 1988 - 134 pages - Preview
... parties' process — choosing the nominees to be president of the United States — which narrows the voters' choice from any native-born American of thirty-five years or older to two finalists, changes in the system since Lord Bryce's ...books.google.com - More editions
American Government: democracy at work
Robert White - 1961 - 707 pages - Snippet view
The legal qualifications for the President as set by the Constitution (Article II, Section 5) are only three in number: the President must be ( 1 ) a native-born citizen, (2) 35 years of age, and (3) a resident of the United States for ...books.google.com - More editions
The PTA magazine: Volume 48
National Congress of Parents and Teachers - 1953 - Snippet view
The President must be thirty-five years of age. born in the United States, and fourteen years a resident within the United ... 35. There are ten cabinet officers. They are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
America votes: how our president is elected
Linda Granfield, Steve Björkman - 2004 - 64 pages - Snippet view
A president must 1. be a citizen who was born in the United States 2. have lived in the United States for fourteen years 3. be at least 35 years old Think about these three conditions and why they are important. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Early United States: Volume 2
To run for President, a person The scales of justice stand for fair treatment. must be at least 35 years old and must have been born in the United States. The President's chief responsibility would ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
By the People, for the People: U.S. Government & Citizenship
Deborah J. Short - 1995 - 157 pages - Snippet view
READING: Qualifications of the President and Vice President Do you want to be President? You must be born in the United States. You must live in the US for 14 years or more. You must also be 35 years old or more. You can be President ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations: Volume 9
Timothy L. Gall, Susan B. Gall - 1999 - 9 pages - Snippet view
A bill that is passed by both houses of Congress in the same form is then given to the president, who may sign it or veto (reject) it. The president must be a citizen born in the United States, at least 35 years old, and must have been ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Christine Brendel Scriabine - 1988 - 95 pages - Snippet view
This person must be a natural-born citizen of the United States who has reached age 35 and has resided in this country for at least 14 years. (Because many of the Constitution's framers were not born in the United States, they included ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Federal Textbook on Citizenship Training: Our nation. Lessons on ...
United States. Bureau of Naturalization - Snippet view
In order that the President of the United States may be entirely in sympathy with our country and may have no ties with any foreign country which would influence him in his work, he must have been born in the United States and must have ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Review of reviews: Volume 95
Albert Shaw - 1937 - Snippet view
Yet it does not prove that a less round-about way to elect the President is not seriously to be desired. Legally, each Elector was at liberty to vote for any citizen, man or woman, born in the United States and 35 years old, ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Our living government: National, State, local
John Henry Haefner - 1962 - 679 pages - Snippet view
The second view makes for a forceful and flexible President who is willing to let the courts decide if his action was proper. ... or one born in the United States. He must also have been a resident for fourteen years— interpreted as not ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The election book: people pick a president
Tamara Hanneman - 2004 - Snippet view
There are very few rules about who can be president. Who Is Eligible for the Job? The Constitution, which is the set of rules defining our government, states only that the president must: • be at least 35 years old. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The evolution of a democracy: this is our country, the United ...
Walter Erwin Boek, Hatten Schuyler Yoder - 1991 - 430 pages - Snippet view
To become President, you have to have been born in the United States and be at least 35 years of age. When a parent or teacher tells a child that if you work hard, maybe you will become President, it emphasizes one of the basic beliefs ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Foundations in American history: from discovery to reconstruction: Volume 1
Howard J. Schwach - 1981 - Snippet view
The President must be born in the United States. He or she must be at least 35 years of age, and have been living in the US for at least fourteen years. 8. In case the President cannot serve for any reason, the Vice President takes his ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The World Book of America's presidents
World Book, Inc - 2005 - 2 pages - Snippet view
Appendixes Facts About the President Election, Term, and Retirement Qualifications The US Constitution provides that a candidate for the ... Authorities assume the term applies to citizens born in the United States and its territories. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Proceedings - Nebraska state bar association: Volume 15
Nebraska State Bar Association - 1924 - Snippet view
The Constitution provides that the President shall have been born in the United States, and be 35 years of age. But there is no such provision with respect to the Vice- President, nor to members of the Cabinet, who under an Act of ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Is this the hour?
Rembert Gilman Smith - 1947 - 231 pages - Snippet view
It shall be the duty of the President to submit for confirmation, or rejection, to the House of Representatives, ... Persons born in the United States, not less than thirty-five years of age, shally be eligible to appointment to the ...books.google.com
The ultimate tyranny: the majority over the majority
Eugene J. McCarthy - 1980 - 229 pages - Snippet view
In the case of the President, in addition to an age requirement of thirty-five years, there is a requirement that he be born in the United States. Under the Court decision, the House of Representatives could discipline Congressman ...books.google.com - More editions
Andrew Jackson: Our Seventh President
Ann Gaines - 2001 - 48 pages - Snippet view
Presidential Facts Qualifications To run for president, a candidate must • be at least 35 years old • be a citizen who was born in the United States • have lived in the United States for 14 years Term of Office A president's term of ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The Polling report: Volume 9
"As you may know, the Constitution says that all children born in the United States are automatically US citizens ... Beginning of The century Today Stronger Weaker No effect Not sure 57 25 13 5 27 44 23 6 Who Killed the President? ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Cracking the LSAT 2002
Adam Robinson, Rob Tallia - 2001 - 400 pages - Snippet view
Sure, Al Gore might be president in the year 2005 — he's over 35 years old and he was born in the United States. That qualifies him for the presidency. Therefore, he might become president. However, saying that he will be president in ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Civics: participating in our democracy
James Edwin Davis, Phyllis Maxey Fernlund - 1996 - 624 pages - Snippet view
Who runs for President? As you know, anyone over 35 years old and born in the United States may run for President. In fact, however, a candidate needs to be well known, to have experience in government, and to be able to raise enough ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Government for Everybody
Steven L. Jantzen - 1995 - 588 pages - Snippet view
According to the Constitution, anyone can be president who is: • a citizen born in the United States • at least 35 years old • a US resident for at least 14 years. Millions of Americans today meet these formal requirements for being ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Everyday Mathematics: Student Reference Book
University of Chicago. School Mathematics Project - 2002 - 404 pages - Snippet view
Electing a President The president of the United States is elected every four years The president must be at least 35 years old. He or she must have been born in the United States When people vote for president, they are really voting ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The U.S. Constitution
Michael Teitelbaum - 2004 - 32 pages - Snippet view
be held every four years and that a president and vice president will serve for that period of time. This article also states that to be president, a person must be born in the United States, be at least 35 years old, and have lived in ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼
Political studies
Christopher Anthony Leeds - 1981 - 389 pages - Snippet view
The constitution requires that the President must be born in the United States, must have had a minimum of fourteen years' residence in the United States and must be over 35 years old. He is only eligible to serve for two terms in ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
It's Our Government: Congress, the President, and the Courts
William Lefkowitz, Robert Uhlich - 1982 - 95 pages - Snippet view
The President will be elected by people from all the states for a four-year term. He or she must be at least 35 years old and must have been born in the United States. Before taking over as President, the person must promise to ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The law of public communication
Kent R. Middleton, William E. Lee - 2006 - 614 pages - Snippet view
For example, any candidate for President of the United States must have been born in the United States and be at least 35 years old. For example, former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, a naturalized citizen, is not eligible to be ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education - 1962 - Snippet view
He was born in the United States, but there is a restriction that in order to be President he has got to be not less than 35 years, if my understanding is correct. To run a union, Congressman, where the welfare of the workers de- pends ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
American democracy and its ways
Moriji Yamaga - 1947 - 232 pages - Snippet view
The President must, by law, be at least 35 years of age, have been born in the United States and have been a resident for 14 years. Other requirements not stated in law exist. As a rule the President must also have had wide political ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼
American democracy: institutions, politics, and policies
William J. Keefe - 1990 - 769 pages - Snippet view
... only a person born in the United States can be elected the country's president The original Constitution left voting requirements up to the ... Identify Statement as Inaccurate Inaccurate statements 82 80 75 64 60 49 46 45 35 31 ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Books kids will sit still for 3: a read-aloud guide
Judy Freeman - 2006 - 915 pages - Snippet view
I asked second graders: What are the qualifications for becoming president? One boy said, "You have to be 35. ... "You have to have been born in the United States of America," said another boy. One girl looked alarmed. "Oh, no. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Executive Branch and Presidents: Shmoop Civics Guide - Page 17
... for presidency: 35 years old, native-born citizen, resident for past 14 years President's duties include: head of state, commander-in-chief of military, chief executive of federal bureaucracy So, you think you want to be president. ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The Complete library of universal knowledge: showing the newest ... - Page 269
Ferdinand Ellsworth Cary - 1904 - 702 pages - Full view
The president must be 35 years old to be eligible; he serves four years and may be re-elected. ... citizen may become president or vice-president, but a male child born of American parents abroad is considered a native-born American, ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Let's celebrate Presidents' Day
Peter Roop, Connie Roop - 2001 - 32 pages - Preview
Who Gan Elected President? ; \ Any American can grow up to be president. To serve as president you must be a native-born citizen of the United States, J have lived here for the previous 1 4 years, // and be at least 35 years old. ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Proposed changes in naturalization laws: Hearings before the ... - Page 78
Executive Department: Carry out the laws — President (Woodrow Wilson) term (four years) 1913-1917 — chosen by electors who are elected by the people — qualifications (native born, 35 years old, 14 years resident of United States) ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Education and Americanization: hearings before the Committee on ... - Page 78
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, Raymond Fowler Crist - 1919 - 222 pages - Full view
If the President vetoes the bill, ie, refuses to sign, it goes back to both Houses and must pass by a two-thirds vote ... years) 1913-1917 — chosen by electors who are elected by the people — qualifications (native born, 35 years old, ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Kaplan AP U.S. Government & Politics 2009 - Page 62
Ulrich Kleinschmidt, Bill Brown - 2009 - 384 pages - Preview
The president must be 35 years old, a US resident for 14 years, and a “natural” born (native born) citizen “together” with the vice president. Electors will be “equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The Encyclopædia britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, and ...: Volume 23 - Page 748
William Harrison De Puy - 1893 - Full view
No one is eligible to the office of president unless be is a native born citizen. The candidate must be at least 35 years old. and must have been 14 years a resident of the United States. The president's term of office is four years. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Community civics - Page 172
Ray Osgood Hughes - 1917 - 505 pages - Full view
The President must be 35 years old, a native-born American citizen, and a resident of this country for 14 years. They are generally considerably older than 35. Roosevelt, who was not quite 43 when he became president, was the nearest to ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The complete idiot's guide to American government - Page 52
Mary Shaffrey, Melanie Fonder - 2002 - 361 pages - Preview
Requirements for Office To be president, a candidate must meet three basic requirements. First, the candidate must be a native- born American citizen. Although there is no such requirement for serving in Congress, the framers of the ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
ncyclopedia of federal agencies and commissions - Page 5
Kathleen Hill, Preview
Since the person must be able to become president at any moment,the qualifications for vice president were the same as the chief executive: more than 35 years old native-born citizen of the United States. On the theory that the vice ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Presidential Elections: A Complete Resource with Historical ...
Julia Hargrove - 2003 - 48 pages - Snippet view
Each person must be at least 35 years old, a native-born citizen of the United States and a resident of the US for 14 years. Questions 1 . Why did the writers of the Constitution require that the Vice President meet the same ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
続・アメリカの中学教科書で英語を学ぶ: ジュニア・ハイのテキストから英語が見えてくる - Page 37
林功 - 2004 - 383 pages - Preview
The president, as head of the executive branch, is the most powerful elected leader in the country. To become president, one must be a native-born US citizen, at least 35 years old, and have been a US resident for at least 14 years. ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Super-Charged Retirement: Ditch the Rocking Chair, Trash the ... - Page 133
Mary Lloyd - 2009 - 256 pages - Preview
A candidate for president must be a native-born—not naturalized—citi- zen, be at least 35 years old and have lived in the US for at least 14 years. 47. Each state elects two senators. 48. The president nominates judges for the Supreme ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Problems of American democracy - Page 462
The President must be at least 35 years old, a native-born American, and a resident of the United States for 14 years. As a matter of fact a number of additional requirements are consciously or unconsciously observed either by the ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Lincoln among his friends: a sheaf of intimate memories
Rufus Rockwell Wilson - 1942 - 506 pages - Snippet view
On being pressed to tell the cause of his grief, he said : "I have been reading the Constitution of the United States, and I find a provision in it that none but native born citizens can be President. I am an Englishman by birth and ...books.google.com
2008 Tutorials in Operations Research: State-of-the-Art ... - Page 20
Zhi-Long Chen and S. Raghavan, volume editors, Paul Gray, Series Editor - 2008 - 337 pages - Preview
The number of Americans who could potentially be elected president late in this century—namely, those who are both native-born and at least 35 years old—would be a bit below million under existing projections. ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼
Encyclopedia of World Geography: Volume 1 - Page 38
Peter Haggett - 2001 - 3456 pages - Preview
The president must be at least 35 years old, and must be a native-born United States citizen who has been resident there for 14 years. He must normally possess considerable wealth and political support. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Presidents: Profiles in Courage of the Men Who Have Led Our Nation
Melissa Blackwell Burke - 2007 - 32 pages - Snippet view
When Madison's friend Thomas Jefferson became president, Madison worked for him. When Jefferson retired, Madison ran ... a candidate must be a native- born US citizen, be at least 35 years old, and have lived in the United States for at ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
American education: Volume 8 - Page 302
Boston University. School of Education - 1904 - Full view
CIVIL GOVERNMENT Questions 1 What are the qualifications of eligibility to the office of (a) president of the United States, ... Answers 1 a) He must be a native born citizen, 14 years a resident of the United States, and 35 years old. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Read & think English - Page 155
Think English! Magazine - 2007 - 224 pages - Preview
A candidate for president must be a native-born, not a naturalized citizen, be at least 35 years old, and have lived in the US for at least 14 years. The youngest person in American history to become president was Theodore Roosevelt. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Reader's Digest book of facts
Edmund H. Harvey - 1987 - 416 pages - Snippet view
The requirement to be native-born was waived at first, because before the Revolution all Americans were British subjects. ... YOUNG AND OLD John F. Kennedy was the youngest man to be elected president, at 43. But he was not the youngest ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The Guinness Book of Records 1994
Peter Matthews, Michelle Dunkley McCarthy, Mark (CON) Young - 1993 - 320 pages - Snippet view
The President is head of all executive agencies, has full responsibility for the execution of the laws, is commander in chief of the armed ... To be eligible for the presidency one must be a native-born citizen, over 35 years old, ...books.google.com - More editions
The politics of American democracy
Marian Doris Irish, James Warren Prothro - 1962 - 658 pages - Snippet view
President Eisenhower created the Operations Coordinating Board in 1953 to obtain coordinated implementation of the ... Vice-President must meet the constitutional qualifications for the presidential office: he must be a native-born ...books.google.com - More editions
Electing Our President
Nancy Gill - 1988 - 64 pages - Snippet view
The Constitution lists only three qualifications a person needs in order to be President. The President must (1) be at least 35 years old, (2) have lived in the United States at least 14 years, and (3) be a native-born citizen of this ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Magruder's American government
William A. McClenaghan - 1988 - 799 pages - Snippet view
It is a body of presidential electors chosen in each State, and it selects the President and Vice President every four years ... Clause 5 Qualifications The President must be a native-born citizen of the United States, at least 35 years ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Handbook for citizenship
Margaret Seely - 1989 - 104 pages - Snippet view
... appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate • term: at the President's pleasure JUDICIAL Explains ... term: 4 years A President or Vice-President must: • be at least 35 years old • be a native-born citizen • live in ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The basics of American politics
Gary Wasserman - 2003 - 304 pages - Snippet view
Finally, a case study looks at the president under the worst of circumstances, the days following September 11, 2001. ... president must be at least 35 years old, a resident of the United States for 14 years, and a native-born citizen. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Questions and answers on American citizenship
Solomon Wiener - 1982 - 231 pages - Snippet view
What are the legal qualifications for the office of president of the United States? One must be a native-born citizen, be at least 35 years old, and have resided in the United States for at least 14 years. What are the duties of the ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Wasserman's Basics of American Politics: With LP.Com Access Card
In setting requirements for the office, the Constitution states that the president must be at least 35 years old, a resident of the United States for 14 years, and a native-born citizen. The president can be removed by impeachment or, ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The American people: a history
Pauline Maier - 1986 - 786 pages - Snippet view
The Framers said only that the President must be at least 35 years old, a resident of the United States for 14 years, and a native-born citizen. There is no mention of such things as sex, race, or level of education or of wealth. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Life in America: a handbook of information for newcomers to the ...
Common Council for American Unity - 1955 - 96 pages - Snippet view
The President must be a native-born citizen, at least 35 years old and with 14 years' residence in the United States. His duties include enforcing the Constitution, the laws enacted by Congress and the United States' treaties, ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The Twenty-second Amendment (1951) limits a president to two consecutive four-year terms. To be eligible for the presidency one must be a native-born citizen, over 35 years old, and at least 14 years resident in the United States. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The International year book and statesmen's who's who
Mervyn O. Pragnell, Ann Patrick Rogers - 1985 - 650 pages - Snippet view
The President heads the executive branch of the government and is elected for a four-year term. He must be a native-born citizen of the United States at least 35 years old His chief duties are to carry out the programme of the ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
James L. Hiatt, Mary Kate Hiatt - 2003 - 523 pages - Snippet view
THE VICE PRESIDENT ===== Qualifications and Nomination Process The Constitution sets the same requirements for the office of vice president as it does for that of president: (1) at least 35 years old, (2) a native-born citizen, ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
A text-book in citizenship: community civics, economic civics, ...
Ray Osgood Hughes - 1923 - 748 pages - Snippet view
Our Constitution says that the President must be 35 years old, a native-born American citizen, and a resident of this country for 14 years. Presidents are generally considerably older than 35. Roosevelt was our youngest President. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
How to become a United States citizen: a step-by-step guidebook ...
Sally A. Navarro - 2002 - 159 pages - Snippet view
Where does the President live? The White House in Washington, DC is home to the President. 57. What are the minimum qualifications to be President? The President of the United States must be at least 35 years old, native-born, ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The United States and the Other Americas
John Jarolimek - 1985 - 615 pages - Snippet view
To become President? • When could an immigrant from Mexico become a Representative? A President? ... years at least 25 years old American citizen for at least 7 years President 4 years at least 35 years old native- born American citizen ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Young students learning library: Volume 17
Newfield Publications - 1995 - Snippet view
The President is elected for a four- year term and can serve no more than two terms. A candidate for the Presidency must be a native-born citizen who is at least 35 years old, and has lived in the United States for 14 years before ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Kaplan AP US Government & Politics 2006
Ulrich Kleinschmidt - 2005 - 408 pages - Snippet view
The president must be 35 years old, a US resident for 14 years, and a "natural" born (native born) citizen "together" with the vice president. Electors will be "equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Sally Abel, Sally A. Navarro - 1983 - 158 pages - Snippet view
The President of the United States must be at least 35 years old, at least 14 years a resident of the United States, and native born. 52. Is the President elected by popular vote of the people? Not directly. The President (and Vice ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Way to United States citizenship
Margaret W. Hirschy, Dominie Secondary - 1997 - 160 pages - Snippet view
The president must be a native citizen. at least 35 years old of good moral character a leader Quiz Circle the correct response. 1. The vice president of native American four years executive branch enforces native-born writes reelected.books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The way to U.S. citizenship
Margaret W. Hirschy - 1991 - 143 pages - Snippet view
The president must be a native citizen. at least 35 years old of good moral character a leader Circle the correct response. 1. The vice president of the native American four years executive branch enforces native-born writes reelected.books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Community civics
The President must be 35 years old, a native-born American citizen, and a resident of this country for 14 years. They are generally considerably older than 35. Roosevelt, who was not quite 43 when he became president, was the nearest to ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Kaplan AP U.S. Government & Politics 2007 Edition
Ulrich Kleinschmidt, William L. Brown, Jr. - 2006 - 408 pages - Snippet view
The president must be 35 years old, a US resident for 14 years, and a "natural" born (native born) citizen "together" with the vice president. • Electors will be "equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Walter Yust - 1954 - Snippet view
The president must be native-born and at least 35 years old. He is directly elected for a six year term that begins on Dec. 1 after the Jul}' of his election; for certification of this, congress becomes an electoral college. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
American politics: policies, power, and change
Kenneth M. Dolbeare, Murray Jacob Edelman - 1977 - 564 pages - Snippet view
And though millions of people meet the constitutional requirements for serving as President— native-born citizens at least 35 years old— only a very small number are ever seriously considered as nominees who might attract a large ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
New community civics,
The party's choice
William R. Keech, Donald R. Matthews - 1976 - 258 pages - Snippet view
And Republican President Nixon, within a few months of his landslide victory, was found to be deeply implicated in ... Presidents must be native-born citizens, 35 years old, and have spent at least years of their lives residing in the ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Hearst's international combined with Cosmopolitan: Volume 111
To become President, a man must fulfill four requirements. He must be a native-born American; he must be at least 35 years old; he must have lived in this country for at least years. What is the fourth requirement? 6. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
National conventions in an age of party reform
James W. Davis - 1983 - 304 pages - Snippet view
1 , Presidents must be native-born citizens, 35 years old, and have spent at least 14 years of their lives residing in the United States. Children of American nationals who were born abroad also qualify, although some ambiguity remains ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Modern legal glossary
Kenneth Robert Redden, Enid Veron - 1980 - 576 pages - Snippet view
A person whose citizenship derives from the nation where he or she was born. Under Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution, only natural-born citizens are eligible to serve as President. Virginia Dare could be called the first ...books.google.com - More editions
American government: a comparative approach
Charles W. Dunn, Martin W. Slann - 1994 - 594 pages - Snippet view
THE PRESIDENCY THE AMERICAN PRESIDENT The Functions of the President Organizational Structure of the Executive Branch ... qualifications for the presidency are simple: A president must be at least 35 years old, a native-born American, ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Social education: Volume 16
Erling Messer Hunt, National Council for the Social Studies, American Historical Association - 1952 - Snippet view
Don: Sure. They could vote for Bing Hope but not for Rita Grable. Earl: What's wrong with Rita? Don: Nothing, except that she isn't old enough. The President of the United States must be 35 years old at least and a native born citizen. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The boundless frontier: America from Christopher Columbus to ...
James T. Wall - 1999 - 369 pages - Snippet view
The issue was how to select the president. Proposals included by popular vote, state legislatures, Congress, ... native-born and 35-years old. The sealed ballots would be sent to Congress where, before a joint session they would be ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼
James Lucian McCamy - 1957 - 866 pages - Snippet view
Only a native-born citizen of the United States, at least 35 years old, who has been a resident within the United States for 14 years, is eligible to become President. If the President is removed, dies, resigns, or becomes unable to ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The politics of the presidency
Richard Abernathy Watson, Norman C. Thomas - 1983 - 496 pages - Snippet view
The second is to be at least 35 years old. The third is to have been a resident of the United States for fourteen years ... According to one leading scholar on the subject, Charles Gordon (1968), it is clear that "native-born" persons, ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The Commercial & financial chronicle: Volume 102, Part 2
- Snippet view
... if a woman is a "person," she may be judge, Representative, Senator, or President; yet no "person" under a specified age can enter Congress, and no "person" not native- born and at least 35 years old can be President. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The Illinois constitution: an annotated and comparative analysis
George D. Braden, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Institute of Government and Public Affairs, Illinois. Constitution Study Commission - 1969 - 624 pages - Snippet view
The United States Constitution requires that the President be native born, 35 years old and l4 years a resident. By implication the same requirements must be met by the Vice President. The Model State Constitution requires only that the ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Morris C Deshel - 1927 - 120 pages - Snippet view
The President is the chief executive officer of the United States. The Constitution requires that a candidate for the presidency must be a native born citizen of the United States, at least 35 years old and a resident of the United ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Speakers' Book of Facts
Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.). Political Action Committee - 1950 - Snippet view
They have unlimited power to make anybody in the country President of the United States - provided he (or she) is 35 years old and is a native born citizen. A majority of the voters in your state may vote for one presidential candidate, ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Time: Volumes 137-138
Briton Hadden, Henry Robinson Luce - 1991 - Snippet view
The Constitution, he had pointed out, requires that a President be native born and at least 35 years old, but does not insist that he be alive. After the ritualistic denunciation of the Red Sox, which is required of New England males, ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Values of new type examinations in the high school: with special ...
Sterling Gardner Brinkley - 1924 - 121 pages - Snippet view
... person must be (1) a native- born citizen of the United States, (2) a male, (3) 35 years old or over, (4) 30 years old or over. 11. The resumption of specie payments, as carried out by President Hayes, means that the United States, ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The Reader's digest: Volume 37
To become President of the United States, a man must fulfill four requirements. He must be a native-born American, he must be at least 35 years old, he must have lived in this country for 14 years. What is the fourth requirement? 3. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Proposed changes in naturalization laws: Hearings...66. Cong. 1 sess
United States. Congress. House. Committee on immigration and naturalization - 1919 - 223 pages - Snippet view
Executive Department: Carry out the laws — President (Woodrow Wilson) term (four years) 1913-1917 — chosen by electors who are elected by the people — qualifications (native born, 35 years old, 14 years resident of United States) ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
George O. Comfort - 1954 - 501 pages - Snippet view
... thirty-five or more years old, who was born in the United States and has lived for fourteen years within the borders, ... TERM OF OFFICE, PRIVILEGES, AND IMMUNITIES The President is elected in November of years divisible by four ...books.google.com - More editions
Reorganization of the Department of Defense: hearings before the ...
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on Investigations - 1987 - 1119 pages - Snippet view
We let anybody become President of the United States who is 35 years old and native born and can get elected, and I think the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Federal supplement: Volume 349
Guinness Book of World Records, 1991
Donald McFarlan, Norris McWhirter - 1991 - 864 pages - Snippet view
The Twenty-second Amendment (1951) limits a President to two consecutive four-year terms. To be eligible for the presidency one must be a native-born citizen, over 35 years old, and at least 14 years resident in the United States. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Nuclear weapons and NATO: analytical survey of literature
United States. Dept. of the Army - 1970 - 450 pages - Snippet view
He must be a native-born citizen at least 35 years old. Under the President are 12 executive departments. The heads of these departments form a council known as the President's Cabinet. They are appointed by the President, ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
The Law of the American Constitution; Its Origin and Development - Page 55
Charles K. Burdick - 2008 - 708 pages - Preview
The committee of eleven radically modified the original proposal of the committee of five by requiring that a person to be eligible to the office of President shall be "a native-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, ...books.google.com
We and our government - Page 88
Jeremiah Whipple Jenks, Rufus Daniel Smith, Donald Farquharson Stewart - 1922 - 223 pages - Full view
With one exception, he shares all the benefits which belong to a native born citizen. He can hold any political office, except that of President or Vice President of the United States, privileges that are reserved to the native born. ...books.google.com - More editions
Register of debates in Congress: comprising the leading debates ...
United States. Congress, Joseph Gales, William Winston Seaton - 1836 - Full view
By the provisions of the federal constitution, the President and Vice President of the United States are required to be native-born citizens; and the President is required to cause the laws of the Union to be executed. ...
The Encyclopedia Americana: a library of universal knowledge: Volume 6 - Page 709
In the constitution it is provided that only native-born citizens are eligible for election as President or Vice-President of ... citizens shall have all the rights, privileges and protection that are enjoyed by native-born citizens. ...books.google.com - More editions
The Statesman's year-book: Volume 1 - Page 579
Frederick Martin, Sir John Scott Keltie, Isaac Parker Anderson Renwick - 1864 - Full view
The executive power is vested in a president. He is the only executive officer known to the constitution. He is appointed by an Electoral College, ... No person is eligible to the office of president who is not a native- born ...books.google.com - More editions
The science of government in connection with American institutions - Page 152
Joseph Alden - 1866 - 248 pages - Full view
up the same, certifying on each that a list of the votes for such State for President and Vice-President are contained therein, ... and none are now eligible to the office of President or Vice- President but native-born citizens. ...books.google.com - More editions
The civil polity of the United States considered in its theory and ... - Page 87
Meeds Tuthill - 1883 - 284 pages - Full view
The President and the Vice-President, (and hence their Electors also), are required, however, to be native-born citizens of the United States. Here we have a clear inclusion of all the States as to their native-born, ...books.google.com - More editions
No Way to Pick A President: How Money and Hired Guns Have Debased ... - Page 13
Jules Witcover - 2001 - 320 pages - Preview
ME FOR PRESIDENT very American mother likes to think that her son (or, nowadays, er daughter) can become president. ... are native-born, and have resided in the United States for fourteen years, as the Constitution also stipulates, ...books.google.com - More editions
Lawyers' reports annotated: Book 1 - Page 117
Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Company - 1903 - Full view
No person shall be eligible to the office of president except a native-born citizen, who shall hold bis office during the term of four years, and shall be elected as therein pro- Tided. The judicial power shall be vested in one supreme ...books.google.com - More editions
American history and government: a text-book on the history and ... - Page 197
James Albert Woodburn, Thomas Francis Moran - 1906 - 476 pages - Full view
Qualifications of the President. — The President and the Vice President must be native-born citizens of the United States, thirty-five years of age, and have been for fourteen years residents, within the United States. ...books.google.com - More editions
The Presidential-Congressional Political Dictionary - Page 110
Jeffrey M. Elliot, Sheikh R. Ali - 2007 - 384 pages - Preview
There are only three presidential qualifications: a native-born citizen, at least thirty-five years of age, and a resident ... Originally, restrictions were imposed by the Constitution upon the president but not upon the vice president, ...books.google.com - More editions
American politics: The American republic and its government - Page 135
James Albert Woodburn - 1908 - Full view
Unfairness may be done in the State ; but, as Mr. Bryce says, "unfairness is better than uncertainty," in such a case.1 Both the President and the Vice-President must be native-born citizens of the United States, thirty-five years of ...books.google.com - More editions
ABA Journal - Nov 1974 - Page 1361
Vol. 60 - 162 pages - Magazine - Full view
... for members of the House of Representatives and abolition of the requirement that presidents be native born. ... He shall hold his office during the term of four years and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same term, ...books.google.com
Other Earths - Page 146
Nick Gevers, Jay Lake - 2009 - 320 pages - Preview
"You can't become president, Mr. Prime Minister. The president must be a native-born citizen. It's in the Constitution." "I am native born," Churchill smiled, "and I shall become a citizen, just as you have. It is a little-known fact, ...books.google.com
A new and complete statistical gazetteer of the United States of ... - Page 9
Richard Swainson Fisher - 1855 - 960 pages - Full view
No person can be President or Vice-president who is not a native-born citizen, of the age of thirty-five years, and who has been a resident of the United States for fourteen years . ...books.google.com - More editions
The political history of the United States of America, during the ... - Page 573
Edward McPherson - 1865 - 653 pages - Full view
That the President of tho United Stales is in no constitutional sense the sovereign thereof, but that all his governmental ... who shall be a native- born citizen of the United States, for the presidency or the vice presidency, ...
The American republic and its government: an analysis of the ... - Page 135
James Albert Woodburn - 1903 - 410 pages - Full view
Unfairness may be done in the State; but, as Mr. Bryce says, "unfairness is better than uncertainty," in such a case.1 Both the President and the Vice-President must be native-born citizens of the United States, thirty-five years of age ...books.google.com - More editions
American citizenship - Page 109
Charles Austin Beard, Mary Ritter Beard - 1914 - 330 pages - Full view
The qualifications, term, and pay of the President. — The President must be thirty-five years old, a native-born citizen of the United States, and fourteen years a resident of the United States. His term of office is four years, ...books.google.com - More editions
The federal government: its officers and their duties - Page 133
Ransom Hooker Gillet - 1871 - 444 pages - Full view
No person not a native-born citizen, thirty-five years of age, and resident for fourteen years in the United States, can become president. 2. HOW THE PRESIDENT IS ELECTED. Each State appoints, in such manner as the legislature thereof ...books.google.com - More editions
As If Being 12 3/4 Isn't Bad Enough, My Mother Is Running for ... - Page 225
Weyman Jones, Donna Gephart - 2010 - 227 pages - Preview
Dear Reader, Recording to the Constitution, only three things are required for a person to be eligible to become president of the United States: 1. H person must be a native-born citizen of the United States. 2. ...books.google.com - More editions
Niles' weekly register: Volume 29 - Page 247
Hezekiah Niles, William Ogden Niles - 1825 - Full view
... by appointing a president and secretary, (members of their own body) to elect a president and vice president of the U. States, in the following manner: each elector shall give in his ballot for some one person, a native born citizen ...books.google.com - More editions
The constitutional law of the United States of America - Page 84
Hermann Von Holst - 1887 - 369 pages - Full view
As the president and vice-president are elected at and for the same time, the right to be chosen to both offices is 'dependent upon the same conditions (12th amendment). To be eligible, it is necessary to be a native-born citizen of the ...books.google.com - More editions
The Presidential Book of Lists: From Most to Least, Elected to ... - Page xiv
Ian Randal Strock - 2008 - 254 pages - Preview
Well, I was a native-born citizen, so apart from being too young, there was no impediment I could see to being President myself. It wasn't an all-consuming" desire; I figured that when the time was right, I'd move in that direction. ...books.google.com - More editions
The essentials of American constitutional law - Page 167
Francis Newton Thorpe - 1917 - 279 pages - Full view
Thus the States, at a critical time, become the check on the United States in the selection of President and Vice-President. That the President (and by implication, the Vice- President) must be native-born American citizens is a ...books.google.com - More editions
The United States of America: a study of the American ...: Volume 3 - Page 1185
Nathaniel Southgate Shaler - 1894 - Full view
No one is eligible to either of these offices unless he is a native- born citizen of the United States, thirty-five years old, and for fourteen years a resident of the country. The Vice-President succeeds the President in case of his ...books.google.com - More editions
J. Galvin Smith - 1856 - Full view
No person can be President or Vice-president who Is not a native- born citizen, of the age of thirty-live years, ... The President h:is a salary of 2r>,l)00 per annum, and uthe White House" at Washington for a residence during his ...books.google.com
The men selected for president and vice-president must be native born, residents for fourteen years and thirty-five years of age. Both can not be from the same state. . 10. The presidential candidates of the two leading parties were ...books.google.com - More editions
The government of the United States
Ernest Barksdale Fincher - 1976 - 402 pages - Snippet view
The presidency and vice presidency are the only federal offices reserved for native-born citizens of the United States. Thus a naturalized citizen may be a justice of the Supreme Court or a Senator but may not serve as President or Vice ...books.google.com - More editions
Presidential transactions
Robert J. Sickels - 1974 - 184 pages - Snippet view
Clearly native-born citizens are eligible and naturalized citizens are not, but the person born to United States ... In a less drastic strategy of avoidance, the Court takes a case, assesses the merits, and gives the president the ...books.google.com - More editions
The Heritage guide to the Constitution - Page 190
Edwin Meese, David F. Forte, United States - 2005 - 475 pages - Preview
The third qualification to be President is that one must be a “natural born Citizen”(or a citizen at the time of the adoption ... Under the longstanding English common- law principle of jus soli, persons born within the territory of the ...books.google.com
Chambers's encyclopædia: a dictionary of universal knowledge for ...: Volume 9 - Page 651
Ephraim Chambers - 1870 - Full view
The executive of the Federal government is a President, chosen by an electoral college, equal in number to the senators aud representatives, elected by the people of the .states. He must be a native of the U. 8., at least 35 years old. ...books.google.com - More editions
The American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge - Page 825
George Ripley, Charles Anderson Dana - 1875 - Full view
The president of the United States holds his office for the term of four years, beginning on the 4th day of ... He must be a native of the United States, at least 35 years old, and is chosen by electors who are themselves chosen by the ...books.google.com - More editions
The government of North Dakota - Page 65
James Ernest Boyle - 1910 - 320 pages - Full view
The qualifications of the President have been clearly named by the Constitution and cannot be changed by Congress. He must be a native American, at least 35 years old, and must have resided at least 14 years within the United States. ...books.google.com - More editions
De Bow's review of the southern and western states: Volume 11 - Page 272
James Dunwoody Brownson De Bow - 1851 - Full view
He must be 35 years old, a native of the United States, and a resident of the state for four years. He nominates the judicial and some other civil ... The lieutenant-governor, chosen as the governor, is also president of the Senate. ...books.google.com - More editions
Charles Francis Brumfiel - 1961 - 371 pages - Snippet view
If a man is President of the United States, then he is at least 35 years old. 4. You can be on the team only if you go ... (c) If a person is a citizen, then he was born in the United States. (d) If your average is 90, then your grades ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Cyclopaedia of political science, political ecomony, and of the ...: Volume 2 - Page 948
John Joseph Lalor - 1883 - Full view
All persons born in the limits and under the actual obedience of the United States were its " natural-born citizens "; and it is in ... 1992), is as follows: " All persons born in the United States, and not subject to any foreign power, ...books.google.com - More editions
Rights of citizens and persons under the Fourteenth amendment - Page 17
Chin-Yung Yen - 1905 - 70 pages - Full view
Natural-born citizens, according to this decision, are those persons who are born in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, without regard to the nationality of their parents. Persons who possess the element of birth ...books.google.com - More editions
A digest of the reports of the United States courts: from the ...: Volume 1 - Page 623
Benjamin Vaughan Abbott, United States. Supreme Court, United States. Circuit Courts - 1884 - Full view
All persons born in the allegiance of the United States are natural-born citizens. ... The meaning of the 14th amendment, "all persons born in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof," is, born both in the United ...books.google.com - More editions
It will be observed that the definition, if such it be, preserves the classification into natural-born and naturalized citizens, demanding of the natural-born that he be born in the United States, and of both that they be subject to the ...books.google.com - More editions
Civil government of North Carolina and the United States - Page 179
William Joseph Peele - 1907 - 279 pages - Full view
Such natural- born citizen is one who is born a citizen of the United States. 4"A11 persons born in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. ...books.google.com - More editions
Introduction to political science: a treatise on the origin, ... - Page 338
James Wilford Garner - 1910 - 616 pages - Full view
Children born in the United States of foreign consuls and of other foreign citizens or subjects residing or temporarily sojourning here are held to be natural-born citizens, since they are clearly subject to the jurisdiction of the ...books.google.com - More editions
Official U.S. bulletin: Volume 1 - Page 75
This question is explained, as follows, in the guide : (1) If you were born in the United States, Including Alaska and Hawaii, you are a natural-born citizen, no matter what may have been the citizenship or nationality of your parents. ...books.google.com - More editions
Civil government of the United States - Page 16
David Duncan Wallace - 1917 - 144 pages - Full view
Racial Qualifications — No Chinese can become naturalized ; but a Chinese child born in the United States is a " natural born citizen " of the United States. Japanese laborers are forbidden to come into this country. ...books.google.com - More editions
The devil knows Latin: why America needs the classical tradition
E. Christian Kopff - 1999 - 313 pages - Snippet view
Finding the common law expression "natural born" in the Constitution, the justices concluded that citizenship must be based ... a word which they employed 21 times in arriving at this conclusion: ". . .a child born in the United States, ...
Land of Promise: A history of the United States to 1877
Carol Berkin - 1986 - Snippet view
To be President, a person must have been born a citizen. The person must be at least thirty-five years old and must have lived in the United States for fourteen years. The only persons eligible to be President who were not born citizens ...books.google.com - More editions
Amazing . . . But False!: Hundreds of "Facts" You Thought Were ... - Page 41
David Diefendorf, James Randi - 2007 - 256 pages - Preview
A citizen of the United States who is an American citizen by virtue of his or her birth is eligible to be president, even if he or she was born outside the country (such as the child of an American diplomat living abroad). ...books.google.com
Iowa: the home for immigrants, being a treatise on the resources ... - Page 63
Iowa. Board of Immigration - 1870 - 96 pages - Full view
A foreigner, after being naturalized, has all the rights of a native born citizen, except that he is not eligible to be President or Vice-President of the United States. In Iowa he is eligible to any office, from Governor down to the ...books.google.com
Civics for Americans
John J. Patrick, Richard C. Remy - 1986 - 561 pages - Snippet view
To be President, a person must have been born a citizen. The person must be at least thirty-five v ears old and must have lived in the United States for fourteen vears. The only people eligible to be President who were not natural-horn ...books.google.com - More editions
Civic ideals: conflicting visions of citizenship in U.S. history - Page 130
Rogers M. Smith - 1999 - 736 pages - Preview
... and not with the Constitution's predominant liberal republicanism, it was almost certainly the common-law criterion of place of birth that the delegates meant to install in Article II, as Madison later asserted.34 It thus ...books.google.com - More editions
The 10 lenses: your guide to living & working in a multicultural world - Page 190
Mark Alexander Williams - 2001 - 247 pages - Preview
... being 35 years of age or older, having been born a US citizen, and not having been convicted of a felony. A second question to ask is, "Based on these criteria, who in the room is eligible to be president of the United States? ...books.google.com - More editions
The American review
Johns Hopkins University. Bologna Center. European Center of American Studies - 1960 - Snippet view
The Constitutional qualifications for President are astonishingly simple: he must be born in the United States and be thirty-five years of age. These are the only qualifications: on all the other matters that have commanded so much ...books.google.com - More editions
Contemporary American economic and political problems
Wesley Marvin Bagby - 1981 - 302 pages - Snippet view
The Constitution specifies that the president must be born in the United States, at least thirty-five years old, and resident within the United States for at least fourteen years. He receives $200000 annually, plus expense allowances ...books.google.com - More editions
Democratic citizenship in today's world
A. Elwood Adams, Edward Everett Walker - 1944 - 373 pages - Snippet view
To be eligible for the presidency, a candidate must have been born in the United States. He must be at least thirty-five years of age when elected, and he must have lived fourteen years of his life within the nation. ...books.google.com - More editions
Questions Children Ask
Edith Bonhivert, Ernest Bonhivert, Muriel Stanek - 1989 - 192 pages - Snippet view
Could you be President some day? The President must be a citizen who was born in the United States and who has lived here for at least fourteen years. He must be at least thirty-five years old. Do you notice one thing? ...
Immigration: Hearings before Subcommittee No. 1 of the Committee ...: Volume 3
United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary - 1964 - Snippet view
The only difference drawn by the Constitution is that only the native-born citizen is eligible to be President * * * "A native-born citizen is free to reside abroad indefinitely without suffering loss of citizenship. ...books.google.com - More editions
National republic: Volumes 28-29
... into the Constitution an article providing that none but an American born, is eligible to be President. Evidently they figured that in return, an American born President would see to it that only American born were appointed by him. ...books.google.com - More editions
Every four years
Robert C. Post, Amy Donovan - 1980 - 228 pages - Snippet view
Any native-born citizen over the age of 35 is eligible to be President. Presidents are restricted in their actions, and that is by fundamental design. James Madison noted that the founders of the American republic were primarily worried ...books.google.com - More editions
Human rights yearbook
United Nations. Secretariat - 1967 - Snippet view
Court pointed out that the only difference made in the federal Constitution between the native-born and the naturalized citizen is that only native-born citizens are eligible to be President. The Court held that the provision ...books.google.com - More editions
The Instant Genius: An Indispensable Handbook for Know-It-Alls
Tanya Slover - 1998 - 142 pages - Snippet view
Some sources believe he was born in Canada. Under the Constitution, only people born in the United States are eligible to be president. Who was the only president never to marry? James Buchanan (1857-1861). ...books.google.com - More editions
How Do We Elect Our Leaders?
William David Thomas - 2008 - 32 pages - Preview
Some of that money comes from the major political parties WHO CAN BE PRESIDENT? The US Constitution lists three requirements to be president. A person must: • be a US citizen at birth (a natural-born citizen). • have lived in the United ...books.google.com - More editions
The Journey of Rebecca Rose - Page 54
Stephen Kovach - 2006 - 222 pages - Preview
... which means (yes I know you're all curious) she COULD be President of the US. The restriction says you have to be a native born American - a US citizen at birth. We have to go to the US Embassy in London to get a form that says so, ...books.google.com
The Oxford companion to the Supreme Court of the United States
Kermit Hall, James W. Ely, Joel B. Grossman - 2005 - 1239 pages - Snippet view
The requirement that the president be a "natural born citizen" implies that the framers recognized the principle of jus soli. According to this doctrine — literally meaning "right of land or ground" — citizenship results from birth ...books.google.com - More editions
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary - 1972 - Snippet view
I believe you are talking about Governor Rockefeller and the question was whether the provision in the Constitution which said that you have to be born in the United States to be President applies to a man who was a citizen at birth. ...books.google.com - More editions
How to be President of the U.S.A.
Murray I. Suid - 1992 - 80 pages - Snippet view
The President must be a man. 2. The President must obey the law, just like everyone else. 3. The President has to be married. 4. The President must be at least 35 years old. 5. Only a person who is a citizen at birth can be elected ...books.google.com - More editions
A commentary on the law and true construction of the federal ...: Page 90, Issue 4871 - Page 206
John King - 1871 - 496 pages - Full view
The qualifications for president and vice-president by this clause are made the same. They must, therefore, be native born citizens of the United States, or citizens of the United States at the time of the adoption of the federal ...books.google.com - More editions
A representative must have been a citizen of the United States seven years ; a senator, nine years ; and a President or Vice-President must be native born. 3. A representative must be an inhabitant of the state for which he is chosen ...books.google.com - More editions
The American almanac, year-book, cyclopaedia and atlas - Page 163
But In choosing the President the votes shall be taken by States, the representation ... J nder the Constitution only a native born citizen who shall have attained the age of thirty-five years ...books.google.com - More editions
Philosophy of mathematics: structure and ontology - Page 260
Stewart Shapiro - 2000 - 296 pages - Preview
Moreover, no one can play the president role unless the person is a native-born citizen, is over thirty-five years of age, and is either elected to the office or succeeds to it.10 In other words, with ordinary (pure) mathematics, ...books.google.com - More editions
No person is eligible to the office of president who is not a native- born citizen, of the age of thirty-five years. The president is commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of the militia in the service of the Union. ...books.google.com - More editions
The presidential counts: a complete official record of the ... - Page 203
The Constitution declares that no man shall be eligible to the office of President unless he be a native-born citizen ... One of those principles is that the candidate voted for must be thirty-five years of age; another is that he must ...books.google.com - More editions
The New World in 1859: being the United States and Canada, ... - Page 22
Representatives have the sole power of impeachment The Executive Power is vested in a President, who is elected by an Electoral ... No person can be President or Viee-President who is not a native-born citizen, of the age of thirty-five ...books.google.com
As these men have since died, this part is useless, and only native-born citizens can become President and Vice-President. Thirty-five years is the requisite age for the office of President, being the highest age required for any office ...books.google.com - More editions
The two hemispheres - Page 739
The president, who must be a native-born citizen, thirty-five years of age, and resident in the United States for fourteen years, is commander- in-chief of the army and navy, and has the power, in concurrence with two-thirds of the ...books.google.com - More editions
THE STATESMAN'S YEAR BOOK - Page 564
MACMILLAN - 1868 - Full view
No person is eligible to the office of president who is not a native- born citizen, of the age of thirty-five years. The president is commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of the militia in the service of the Union. ...books.google.com
As the president and vice-president are elected at and for the same time, the right to be chosen to both offices is ... To be eligible, it is necessary to be a native-born citizen of the United States,2 to be at least thirty-five years ...books.google.com - More editions
The peoples' manual and handbook of popular government: a ... - Page 14
John McMurray - 1885 - 236 pages - Full view
The President— His Term and Qualifications. 1. The executive power of the Government is vested in a President of the ... No person is eligible to the office of President except a native-born citizen of the United States, thirty-five ...books.google.com - More editions
THE PRESIDENTIAL COUNTS: A COMPLETE OFFICIAL RECORD - Page 203
The Constitution declares that no man shall be eligible to the office of President unless he be a native-born citizen ... One of those principles is that the candidate voted for must be thirty-five years of age; another is that he must ...books.google.com
Smith's quarto, or second book in geography: A concise and ... - Page 71
Roswell Chamberlain Smith - 1848 - 75 pages - Full view
No person can be elected President unless he be thirty-five years of age, or more, and a native born citizen of the United States. The President is commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of the militia, when in actual service of ...books.google.com - More editions
Constitution Translated for Kids - Page 34
Cathy Travis - 2008 - 109 pages - Preview
Congress picks the time for choosing electors, and the day they will vote. It will be the same day in all states. The President must be born in the United States (or to US citizens), be thirty-five years old, and have lived in the ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
If I Ran for President
Catherine Stier - 2008 - 32 pages - Preview
A person must be thirty-five years old, so a kid really couldn't be president. Also, a person running for president must be a citizen who was born in the United States and has lived here for at least fourteen years. That's it! ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Alexander Hamilton - Page 238
Ron Chernow - 2005 - 818 pages - Preview
The final document stated that the president had to be at least thirty-five and either native-born "or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution." Since Hamilton was away from Philadelphia when a ...books.google.com - More editions
America's promise restored: preventing culture, crusade, and ... - Page 9
Harlan Ullman - 2006 - 320 pages - Preview
Administrations rise and fall on more than the president. Events and personalities obviously count. ... president are to be a native-born American citizen, over thirty-five years of age, resident for at least fourteen years in the ...books.google.com - More editions
William D'Arcy Haley - 2009 - 244 pages - Preview
He must be a native-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of the Constitution, and must have attained the age of thirty-five years ; and, from the commencement of the government, so wisely was this ...books.google.com - More editions
Elements of Civil Government - Page 77
California California Stat Carey Jones - 2009 - 248 pages - Preview
Qualifications for President. — In order that a person may be eligible to the Presidency, he must be a native born citizen, at least thirty-five years of age, and a resident within the United States for fourteen years.1 The salary of ...books.google.com - More editions
How to Raise an American: 1776 Fun and Easy Tools, Tips, and ...
Myrna Blyth, Chriss Winston - 2007 - 320 pages - Preview
What are some of the qualifications a candidate for president must have? 9. What special group advises the president? 10. ... To be thirty-five years old, to be a native-born American, and to have lived in United States for at least ...books.google.com - More editions
Our Government: Set of 6 Bridges Set A - Page 5
Benchmark Education Company, Ellen Bari - 2007 - Preview
People vote for a president. He or she is elected (ih-LEKT- ed) every four years. The president has many jobs. To be president, you must be a citizen. You must have been born in the United States. You must be thirty-five years old or ...books.google.com - More editions
Callus on My Soul: A Memoir - Page 124
Dick Gregory, Shelia P. Moses - 2003 - 304 pages - Preview
There are only two things needed to qualify to run for president: you must be at least thirty- five years of age, and you must have been born in the United States. I met both qualifications, so the race for the highest office in the ...books.google.com - More editions
Our GOVT - Page 5
Ellen Bari - 2005 - Preview
The president is elected to serve for four years. The president has many different jobs. The president must be at least thirty-five years old. He or she must be a citizen who was born in the United States. He or she must have lived in ...books.google.com
Tracie Egan - 2003 - 32 pages - Preview
The President and the Executive Branch Candidates for the presidency must be at least thirty-five years old, and they also must have been born in the United States and have lived here for at least fourteen years. ...books.google.com
To be President, a person must be a citizen born in the United States, at least 35 years old, and have lived in the United States for at least 14 years. 6. If the President leaves office for any reason
Approaching democracy
Larry Berman, Bruce Allen Murphy - 2004 - 507 pages - Snippet view
The framers set up the minimum-age requirement of thirty-five (which at that time represented "middle age") to ... For the same reason, the framers stipulated that presidents be natural-born citizens (born in the United States or to ...books.google.com - More editions
How we are governed in state and nation - Page 17
Charles Sedgwick May - 1899 - 188 pages - Full view
He must be a citizen, born in the United States, thirty-five years of age, or upward, and is chosen for a term ...books.google.com - More editions
Building our democracy
Vanza Nielsen Devereaux, Homer Ferris Aker, Chester D. Babcock - 1962 - 381 pages - Snippet view
The President must be at least thirty-five years old. He must have lived in the United States for fourteen years. ... A native-born citizen is a person born in the United States, its territories, or possessions. ...books.google.com - More editions
American Politics: The Enduring Constitution
William Lasser - 1999 - 500 pages - Snippet view
In fact, almost anyone can become president. The Constitution provides only that the president be a natural born citizen of the United States (that is, a person born in the United States or whose parents are ...books.google.com - More editions
Give Me Liberty: A Handbook for American Revolutionaries - Page 331
Naomi Wolf - 2008 - 376 pages - Preview
ment that the president and vice president must both be at least thirty-five years old, and that the president must also have been born in the United States. For the vice president, the same citizenship requirement was added to the to ...books.google.com
Our federal government: how it works : an introduction to the ...
Patricia C. Acheson - 1984 - 322 pages - Snippet view
Anyone aspiring to the highest office in the land must have been born in the United States, and he must be at least thirty-five years of age. To insure the fact that his interests really lie within the country, the Constitution also ...books.google.com - More editions
America's democracy: the ideal and the reality
Fred R. Harris - 1986 - 702 pages - Snippet view
The President. Every fourth year in January, generally on a frosty, cold day, the newly elected President of the United ... The person taking the oath must be at least thirty-five years old and must have been born in the United States. ...books.google.com - More editions
The Clash of issues: readings and problems in American government
Samuel Krislov, Raymond Lawrence Lee, James A. Burkhart - 1984 - 325 pages - Snippet view
The Constitution, which places some qualifications on other office-holders — the President, for example, must be thirty-five years of age and born in the United States, senators must be thirty years
I Can Be President
Beatrice Beckman, Robert L. Hillerich - 1984 - 31 pages - Snippet view
But one day a woman may be president. The Constitution gives only three rules for becoming president. Presidents must be born in the United States. They must be at least thirty-five years old. And they must have lived in the United ...books.google.com - More editions
A treatise on practical book-keeping and business transactions: ... - Page 121
Joseph Howard Palmer - 1884 - 172 pages - Full view
Citizens are persons born in the United States ; and foreigners may become citizens by a compliance with the laws of ... privileges of natural born Americans: the President of the United States, however, must be an American by birth, ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
A community built on words: the constitution in history and politics - Page 235
Jefferson Powell - 2002 - 251 pages - Preview
"No Person except a natural born Citizen . . . shall be eligible to the Office of President. ... no better tide to the citizenship which we enjoy than the 'accident of birth' — the fact that we happened
To govern America
Roger Hilsman - 1979 - 594 pages - Snippet view
When the Republicans won and Eisenhower became president, a new executive order was issued providing that the employment of a ... The principle that a person born in the United States (other than the children of foreign diplomats) is ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼
Southern california law review: Volume 50, Part 2
When everyone under thirty-five is disqualified from running for President, the people are denied the opportunity ... To be President, a citizen must have been born in the United States.25 Thus, a person who spent the first year of his ...books.google.com - More editions of age when elected. XLIV. — (1. ...books.google.com
A preface to action: interpretations of politics in America
Kenneth Smorsten - 1976 - 310 pages - Snippet view
Yet, while the Constitution outlines legal requirements for other political offices— the President, for example, must be at least thirty-five years old and born in the United States, and a Senator must be at least thirty years old and ...books.google.com
Democracy: the theory and the practice
John Royston Lewis - 1966 - 224 pages - Snippet view
Tenure of the office is restricted to those people who were born in the United States; the office cannot be held by a naturalized citizen. He must be at least thirty-five years old and must have resided in America for at least fourteen ...
A practical companion to the Constitution: how the Supreme Court ... - Page 88
Jethro Koller Lieberman - 1999 - 796 pages - Preview
And in requiring that presidents be "natural born" citizens, the Constitution implied that anyone born in the United States was a citizen. All of these propositions sputtered into incoherence when presented with the problem of SLAVERY. ...books.google.com
The Constitutional Rights, Privileges, and Immunities of the ... - Page 78
Arnold T. Guminski - 2009 - 376 pages - Preview
Ark.264 In this case, the Court held that a child born in the United States is a citizen thereof, ... Hence, the Court felt itself required to determine what was a natural-born American citizen by resorting to common law doctrines. ...books.google.com - More editions
How to Prepare for the U.S. Citizenship Test - Page 194
Gladys E. Alesi - 2005 - 240 pages - Preview
You are a natural-born US citizen if • you were born in the United States and are subject to its jurisdiction • you were born in the United States to a member of an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other aboriginal tribe • you were born of ...books.google.com - More editions
The notebook of a native Washingtonian - Page 20
Gilbert Hahn - 2004 - 79 pages - Preview
And. as everyone knows you have to be born in the United States to qualify to be President. ... qualify to be elected President at the time of the first election for President? Simple, he was not yet 35, the minimum age for the job. ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Student reference book
Max Bell, University of Chicago. School Mathematics Project - 2004 - Snippet view
Electing a President The president of the United States is elected every four years The president must be at least 35 years old. He or she must have been born in the United States When people vote for president, they are really voting ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ The Encyclopedia of civil rights in America: Volume 1
David Bradley, Shelley Fisher Fishkin - 1998 - 1018 pages - Snippet view
The US CONSTITUTION makes few distinctions between aliens and citizens, other than in political rights. For example, only native-born citizens are eligible to become president or vice president; naturalized citizens must wait seven ...books.google.com - More editions
Recollections of the Bench and the Bar of Central Illinois: A ... - Page 58
Jam Conkling, Conkling James - 2009 - 36 pages - Preview
grief, he said: "I have been reading the Constitution of the United States, and I find a provision in it that none but native- born citizens can be President. I am an Englishman by birth, and therefore can not be elected. ...books.google.com
Citizenship Made Simple: An Easy to Read Guide to the U.S. ... - Page 57
Barbara Brooks Kimmel, Alan M. Lubiner - 2002 - 112 pages - Preview
The President must be at least thirty- five years old and must have been born in the United States. He must have resided in the United States for at least fourteen years prior to his election. The President serves for a term of four ...books.google.com - More editions
Barry Leonard - 1998 - 60 pages - Full view
The President must be born in the United States. The President signs bills into law. The stars of the American flag are white. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France. The stripes of the American flag are red and white. ...books.google.com
Understanding the Constitution - Page 56
Constantinos E. Scaros - 2010 - 477 pages - Preview
... you see that there are two types of American citizens: those who are natural born (born in the United States, or with some exception, such as being born on a US military base
American Government: Historical, Popular, & Global Perspectives, ...
David Yalof, Kenneth Dautrich - 2008 - 479 pages - Preview
... he was not born in the United States, a requirement for the presidency as outlined in Article II, Section 1 of the ... qualify to be the nation's chief executive. To gather support from Democrats, they've heralded the prospects of ...books.google.com - More editions
A-Z of modern America - Page 248
Alicia Duchak - 1999 - 405 pages - Preview
He must be at least 35 years of age, a native-born citizen and a resident of the US for at least 14 years. The President's workspace is in the Oval Office which, along with his official, residential home, is found in the White House. ...books.google.com - More editions
First nations? Second thoughts - Page 21
Thomas Flanagan - 2000 - 245 pages - Preview
Only someone born in the United States can be elected president, and it has been suggested in both the United States ... after acquiring citizenship, which would create a legal distinction between natural-born and naturalized citizens. ...books.google.com - More editions
Our United States Government - Page 118
Clairece Feagin - 1990 - 189 pages - Preview
Do you still want to be President? Let's see if you qualify. How old are you? • If you are less than 35 years old, ... the President must be born in the United States or have parents who are US citizens even if the President was not ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
The Presidency of the United States - Page 8
David Heath - 1999 - 48 pages - Preview
The Constitution states the qualifications needed to be president. The president must be at least 35 years old. ... Natural-born citizens are people born in the United States. People born in other countries to parents who are US ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Had that law remained in effect in 2004, Bush would have been elected president, and his vice president would have been ... you see that there are two types of American citizens: those who are natural born (born in the United States, ...books.google.com - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
World Book, Inc - 2001 - 192 pages - Snippet view
The Constitution establishes only three qualifications for a president. A president must (1 ) be at least 35 years old, (2) have lived in ... Authorities assume the term applies to citizens born in the United States and its territories. ...books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library▼ - In My Library: Change▼
Posted by ballantine at 7:12 AM
QUOTATIONS FROM THE 39TH CONGRESS RELEVANT TO THE ...
BOOKS ON GOOGLE BOOKS THAT DEFINE "NATURAL BORN CI...
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Saturday, August 27, 2005 5:04 PM
This year is the one hundredth anniversary of the establishment of Las Vegas, and one hotel was celebrating by offering rooms at one hundred dollars a night, a 50% discount. That was amazing enough that Ling-Li and I went.
The drive goes through a lot of desert, and in the middle of one part of the desert was a series of signs listing the ten commandments of the Bible. Something like the Burma Shave signs, but without the rhymes or the humour. Another sign directed drivers to an "Early Man Site", but we didn't go, so we have no idea what that was.
About 100 miles from Las Vegas is Zzyzx Road. Perhaps it was named by an old ADVENT (or what some know as "Colossal Cave", even though it's actually based on the Bedquilt Cave, but I digress) player, but who misremembered the proper magic word, or a mathematician who couldn't quite remember the cross-product rule.
The drive takes one through the Mojave desert. From the rise before it, one can see the road has cut a swath through the middle of a vast plain. It's a devastating view of the environmental vandalism that goes on here. Anyway, the road divider had graffiti on it. I'll just say that again. Someone drove into the middle of the Mojave desert and painted graffiti on the road divider. It wasn't even good graffiti. Even for people with average skill in the art (as patent lawyers like to say), any one of them could tell you that in that heat, the paint dries even before it hits the surface, so you're just wasting your time.
We got there during the afternoon, which was so hot that we couldn't go outside, so we wandered around the casinos to try to understand what all of the fuss is about. Most of the hotels have casinos in the same building, and the buildings are designed such that one must pass through the casino to reach the hotel room.
Some casinos are connected to each other. For those who go to Las Vegas for the gambling, one can find food, bed, and a casino, all without the need to go outside. That would be marginally acceptable, I suppose, but Las Vegas is a place where the dangers of passive smoking are explicitly ignored. A haze of cigarette smoke exists permanently at eye-level, throughout the entire building.
Casinos also have no windows and no clocks. There are lots of flashing lights, but not enough to light up the room - the overall lighting level is approximately that of early evening. The indoor malls have fake skies on ceiling, making it seem like day, even at night. Then there is the noise of the people and the slot machines. Eye strain and tinnitis, to go with the lung cancer.
I was amazed at how much people spend on the slot machines. The machines are often called "one-armed bandits" for a reason, despite that many of them are now entirely electronic, and no longer have the handle. Now they are "one-fingered bandits". There are machines that cost everything from one cent, up to five dollars and more per play. Many people pay for multiple plays up front, rather than pay then play then pay then... The machine displays the number of games that can be played for the money that was deposited. During the next few days, as we passed through different casinos on our way to other places, I kept track of the largest payment that I had seen. The numbers started out at a few dollars on the first day, but during later days, I saw many with numbers in the tens of dollars, and a couple of one hundred dollar plays. It was on the last day, though, that I saw the one that made me stop and stare. Five hundred dollars.
The indoor mall in the Venetian hotel has a Venice theme, including a replica of Saint Mark's Square. There's an outdoor and indoor canal, along which gondolas are driven (yes, driven - while the gondolas do have people at the back who steer the boat, there is a motor that is used to propel it, since the canals have no current. The boat even has pedals for acceleration and braking). The gondola drivers sing as they drive. When drivers apply for the job, they have to attend an audition to show off their singing voice, and learn a number of songs in Italian. They have to learn how to drive the gondola, which is not as easy as it looks - accelerate, but not too quickly, don't hit the wall, don't take the curve too widely, since the canals are narrow when two gondolas are passing each other in opposite directions. There is also a hazard in the form of the overhead pedestrian bridges which are actually lower than head-height for the driver standing at the stern.
Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Peter Ferrie
Unauthorised reproduction prohibited
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Neutron star bites off more than it can chew
Newton space observatory has watched a faint star flare up at X-ray wavelengths to almost 10 000 times its normal brightness. Astronomers believe the outburst was caused by the star trying to eat a giant clump of matter. The flare took place on a neutron star, the collapsed heart of a once much larger star. Now about 10 km in diameter, the neutron star is so dense that it generates a strong gravitational field.
The clump of matter was much larger than the neutron star and came from its enormous blue supergiant companion star.
“This was a huge bullet of gas that the star shot out, and it hit the neutron star allowing us to see it,” says Enrico Bozzo, ISDC Data Centre for Astrophysics, University of Geneva, Switzerland, and team leader of this research.
The flare lasted four hours and the X-rays came from the gas in the clump as it was heated to millions of degrees while being pulled into the neutron star’s intense gravity field. In fact, the clump was so big that not much of it hit the neutron star. Yet, if the neutron star had not been in its path, this clump would probably have disappeared into space without trace.
XMM-Newton caught the flare during a scheduled 12.5-hour observation of the system, which is known only by its catalogue number IGR J18410-0535, but the astronomers were unaware of their catch immediately.
The telescope works through a sequence of observations carefully planned to make the best use of the space observatory’s time, then sends the data to Earth.
It was about ten days after the observation that Dr Bozzo and his colleagues received the data and quickly realised they had something special. Not only were they pointing in the right direction to see the flare, but the observation had lasted long enough for them to see it from beginning to end.
“I don’t know if there is any way to measure luck, but we were extremely lucky,” says Dr Bozzo. He estimates that an X-ray flare of this magnitude can be expected a few times a year at the most for this particular star system.
The duration of the flare allowed them to estimate the size of the clump. It was much larger than the star, probably 16 million km across, or about 100 billion times the volume of the Moon. Yet, according to the estimate made from the flare’s brightness, the clump contained only one-thousandth of our natural satellite’s mass.
These figures will help astronomers understand the behaviour of the blue supergiant and the way it emits matter into space. All stars expel atoms into space, creating a stellar wind. The X-ray flare shows that this particular blue supergiant does it in a clumpy fashion, and the estimated size and mass of the cloud allow constraints to be placed on the process.
“This remarkable result highlights XMM-Newton’s unique capabilities,” comments Norbert Schartel, XMM-Newton Project Scientist. “Its observations indicate that these flares can be linked to the neutron star attempting to ingest a giant clump of matter.”
Source: European Space Agency
Enceladus rains water onto Saturn
Astronomers searching for oxygen can breathe more easily
Andromeda’s coat of many colors
Eye of Gaia: Billion-pixel camera to map Milky Way
VST looks at the Leo Triplet — and beyond
Mars’ northern polar regions in transition
Mohsin ali RESEARCH Dr Bozzo, Earth, Enrico Bozzo, European Space Agency, IGR, ISDC, Moon, neutron, Newton Project Scientist, Norbert Schartel, Project Scientist, Source European Space Agency, Switzerland, XMM
Inkjet printing could change the face of solar energy industry
Baseball cheaters can’t hide from the laws of physics
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The Prosecutor's Office definitively shelves the accusation against the mayor of Fortuna who orchestrated the opposition to prevent works in the municipality The decision of the Public Ministry shows the legitimacy of the mayor, José Enrique Gil, (12/06/2019)
In perfect coordination, Catalina Herrero (PP) and Miguel Romero (Not ascribed), launched a judicial hunting of a political nature against José Enrique Gil and the Municipal Government of Fortuna
The Justice has archived in total three denunciations to the Office of the Public Prosecutor and a criminal complaint for crimes of prevarication and falsification of documents, with a request of 6 years in prison
The Socialists denounce that the only political project of the opposition during the term that has just been "the filibusterismo, the blockade of the management and judicial harassment"
The Prosecutor of the TSJ of the Region of Murcia agreed on June 6, by decree, the file of the investigative proceeding for prevarication against the mayor of Fortuna, José Enrique Gil, thus shelving the complaint of the opposition, motivated for the extraordinary session of the Plenary Session of the City Council held on May 23, 2018.
In that plenary session, the Mayor of Fortuna proposed a credit modification file, given the situation of economic solvency, the favorable intervention report and the needs reports of the Municipal Technical Office, in order to carry out necessary works and urgent in the municipality, as repair of sidewalks and pavement of avenues, the construction of a bridge that in torrential rains incommunicado the low districts, as well as the asphalting and repair of roads and lighting in disseminated to improve public safety.
Given the systematic and unprecedented blockade of the opposition to the management of the Socialist Government in Fortuna, to the point of preventing the payment of pending bills and several proposals for rejected budgets, the mayor, José Enrique Gil, conditioned the approval of the repair works and security to a question of confidence, supported by the broad economic liquidity of the City Council, which at the end of 2017 had 2.3 million euros of remainder and zero financial debt.
In the line followed during the entire legislature, the opposition, hours before the Plenary, invented a trick in fraud of law and submitted an amendment to the whole, skipping all mandatory administrative procedures, to declare unavailable the money necessary to the works of the credit modification file, trying to steal the right of the Mayor to submit to the question of confidence and pretending to prevent the necessary works that could not be delayed the following year, according to a report from the Municipal Technical Office.
The maneuver proposed by the Municipal People's Group was clear: amend the agreement, distort the trust issue, and at the same time declare the money unavailable, the content amendment being impossible because the credits are not available when they are approved but when the process ends of public exhibition.
"An authentic unprecedented political and juridical absurdity, never before seen in any local administration, which the mayor understood to be an initiative in fraud of law, so that it was not appropriate to vote for it." This led to the denunciation for prevarication of the opposition and , finally, to its file by the Office of the Prosecutor on June 6 ".
In addition, the Public Ministry filed on March 5 and May 21, respectively, two other complaints against the City of Fortuna of which José Enrique Gil is responsible, for the demolition of a wall that represented danger in a school and some performances of improvement in a neighborhood path.
To the aforementioned files of the Office of the Prosecutor, another criminal complaint filed by the Municipal People's Group in which he requested up to 6 years in prison, also filed in the First Instance and ratified by the Supreme Court of the Region of Murcia, is added.
This order of dismissal argues: "that criminal law, is but the last link in the repressive power of the State, not being desirable to apply it in matters that can be channeled through other legal channels, sanctioning or not. It concerns us, the Court considers that it is a paradigmatic example of the above [...] we are faced with a political discrepancy in a City Council for the need to carry out improvement works in the electrical installation of a school, on which no indication exists that allow to sustain a criminal act on the part of the maximum municipal responsible person ".
The mayor of Fortuna, José Enrique Gil, considers that all the archived actions show "the filibuster, the systematic blockade and the use and abuse of Justice as the only way of doing opposition politics, where the only victim has been the village of Fortuna for this strategy that has lasted for 4 years and of which many more actors are part, in addition to those mentioned, all of them have been perfectly coordinated in this devious and harmful maneuver for the residents of Fortuna, denying them better services and infrastructures , despite having one of the best economic situations in the region thanks to the tireless work and against all odds of the current government team. "
In this sense, José Enrique Gil said that "we have done everything possible in political terms and always with the utmost rigor to promote solutions in favor of the general interests of the municipality, despite the repeated refusals to reach agreements for budgets However, throughout the legislature there has been a constant impediment on the part of the opposition to put the savings achieved at the service of the people of Fortuna. "
"We are pleased that the tremendous irresponsibility committed by the opposition is evident, while we regret that for this reason we have not yet been able to invest in these improvement and security works, especially considering that in 2018 we closed the year with zero financial debt, a budget surplus of € 740,125 and a treasury auction of € 2,514,666. "
Source: PSRM-PSOE
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Rai Stone
CONFUSED ABOUT BLOCKCHAIN
The Rai Stone Agency is your compass to the World of Blockchain and Crypto
Rai Stone admin 2017-10-10T19:07:16+00:00
Do you have an ICO project we can help with?
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Rai Stone aims to be a leader in funding innovators and their ideas, through the widespread adoption of blockchain technology.
With more than $1.2 billion worth of funding in 2017, Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) have quickly become one of the fastest growing segments in early stage funding. An ICO is effectively a crowd funding platform, using digital currency, also known as cryptocurrency. ICOs are sometimes referred to as “token sales” or “coin sales”.
Our team brings a diverse breadth of knowledge of the capital markets’ dynamics and trends, having raised substantial funds in both equity and debt capital markets.
Aaron GrinhausPartner
Aaron is a respected business and tax consultant who is renowned for his expertise in the implementation of Fintech strategies, including the use of blockchain technology, smart contracts and cryptocurrency. These strategies are designed to reduce business costs, hedge institutional friction, expedite capital raises and quickly secure cross-border wealth transfer transactions.
Aaron is a business and tax lawyer by trade, and led one of the first firms in Canada to publicly advise on the practical uses of blockchain and shared ledger technology, as well as, accept cryptocurrencies as payment. His clients, which operate in a variety of industries world-wide, regularly leverage his knowledge and creativity, as they plan for current and future uses of blockchain technology in the business world.
Aaron frequently gives presentations on a variety of business and law related topics and has acted as chair, presenter and lecturer through a number of organizations; including the Ontario Bar Association (OBA), Ontario Hospital Association, RBC Dominion Securities, Osgoode Hall Law School of York University and Michigan State University College of Law. He is also heavily involved in the legal community, having served on the Governing Council and several section executive boards of the OBA for over a decade. He also served as Director and General Counsel for several not-for-profit and charitable organizations, such as the Mississauga Real Estate Board and the Canadian Association on Gerontology.
He holds law degrees from University of Ottawa (LL.B.), Michigan State University College of Law (J.D.) and a Masters in Tax Law from Osgoode Hall Law School of York University (LL.M.).
Anton PolskiPartner
Anton is a senior technology executive with close to a decade of successfully developing, financing, and leading companies such as Pokerspace.com, DateOnfire.com, Unitely.ca, and Eve Tab, amongst others. He is currently the creator of the innovative ChainBet platform and game – a key strategic component of our company’s mandate.
He is a hands-on executive, with tactic and strategic expertise in social networking applications, SEO, Internet advertising strategy and web/mobile development technologies.
Anton’s background in computer science, coupled with 10 years of product management experience, provides him with the unique ability to combine technological ideas with strategic business acumen. This has resulted in a proven history of lower project costs and a more efficient, faster development process under Anton’s leadership.
Ben TranPartner
Ben has close to 20 years of experience as a senior sales and marketing manager for popular brands such as Sony Canada, Limited Brands, Jacuzzi, and The Body Shop. He comes from a computer engineering background, which led him to launch his own digital marketing and data analytics firm in 2012.
Since discovering the business potential of blockchain technology in 2015, Ben has worked with some of the industry’s brightest minds to provide marketing solutions and broker funding for innovators. Through his vast network of cryptocurrency professionals, entrepreneurs, and high net worth investors across Canada and Asia, Ben has raised significant capital for the successful launches of some of the industry’s most popular ICO’s.
David SchirmerPartner
David is a cryptocurrency enthusiast who spends most of his free time researching various topics in the space. He started his career in Tax Consulting at Deloitte before moving into the manufacturing industry with Saint Gobain (SGC) as a financial analyst and financial services manager. While at Saint Gobain, David was introduced to lean methodology. These principles help to methodically determine the value of various processes and outputs.
After a decade at SGC and lean manufacturing, David founded Nabu Consulting to apply those principles to startups using the lean methodology. He began working with a blockchain-related project, which led to David analyzing every ICO that launched over the past two years. When it comes to analyzing the various cryptocurrency options available, David focuses on the fundamentals of the currency, rather than putting greater weight in the technical analysis. As such, David brings a detailed and analytical mindset to Rai Stone’s ICO endeavors.
Sameer PiraniPartner
Sameer is a successful innovator, entrepreneur, and Brand & Digital Marketing specialist who has made a career of bringing ideas to life.
He was the director of marketing for INK Entertainment, the owners of some of the most popular nightclubs in Canada. Sameer’s strategic planning for the company laid the foundation for INK to evolve into the leader of urban nightlife and Electronic Dance Music (EDM) events.
Sameer is the founder of PlatinumAxis Inc and Eve Tab app. The nightclub based app launched in Toronto and has worked with over 12 nightclubs offering patrons a VIP experience using innovative technology. Sameer also founded the Electric Elements music festival, which has drawn crowds of over 15,000 every year for the past four years.
Sameer is an experienced, hands-on digital marketing guru, who has a successful track record of leading the ‘big idea’ development, execution, and management of innovative, results-oriented, cross-channel digital marketing campaigns. He is an end-customer saavy, Chief Marketing Officer with a history of leading digital marketing and strategy for innovative brands, agencies and startups in the technology, entertainment, and social networking spaces.
Sheldon Inwentash Partner
Sheldon, is chairman and chief executive officer of ThreeD Capital Inc., a Toronto-based venture capital firm specializing in investments in junior resources, technology and biotechnology.
Sheldon has over 30 years of investing experience. In 1994, he co- founded Visible Genetics, the first commercial pharmacogenomics company in Canadaand sold the firm in 2001 to Bayer. Through two decades leading Pinetree Capital, Sheldon created significant shareholder value through early investments in Queenston Mining (acquired by Osisko Mining Corp. for $550-million), Aurelian Resources (acquired by Kinross for $1.2-billion) and Gold Eagle Mines (acquired by Goldcorp for $1.5-billion), amongst other significant successful investments.
In 2007, he was a finalist for the Ernst & Young entrepreneur of the year award. In 2012, Sheldon received an honorary degree, doctor of laws (LL.D) from the University of Toronto for his leadership as an entrepreneur, his philanthropy, and commitment to making a difference in the lives of children, youth and their families.
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Remembering Peter Harcourt
Canada’s original film professor
By Adam Nayman • Published December 16th, 2014 • Issue 96, Winter 2014 • Comments
Photo by Lois Siegel
The death of Peter Harcourt on July 3rd of this year, at the age of 82, from a variety of ailments, was neither tragic nor unexpected. The eminent scholar, critic and professor had been retired from his final teaching post at Carleton University in Ottawa for nearly two decades, and his failing health was not a secret to his friends and colleagues. Yet the news still resonated in the scattered outposts of Canadian film culture. Few things join people of different tastes and temperaments together like a sense of a collective debt. You’d be hard-pressed in 2014 to find anybody who writes about, teaches, programs or produces Canadian cinema who doesn’t owe something to Peter Harcourt.
In his 1994 autobiography, A Canadian Journey: Conversations in Time, Harcourt described himself as a “one man film institute,” a grand designation nevertheless edged with a sense of humility. This slim but invigorating volume, written when its author was 63 years old, stands as a premature magnum opus; while he concludes the book by passing the torch of cinematic scholarship and education to a younger generation, Harcourt would live another 20 years and add plenty of material to a body of work simply unrivalled in his country’s history of film criticism. But even though he makes a point of gazing, with guarded optimism, into the future, Harcourt seems interested primarily in looking back, not only on his great accomplishments but also on his follies and his flaws, all of which he explains are intimately connected to his status as one of the first, and by extension, one of the loneliest, heroes of Canadian film culture.
“Ideally, Peter Harcourt would be considered within Canadian film culture the way that Margaret Atwood is revered in our literary culture,” says Geoff Pevere, who studied Canadian cinema at Carleton University in the late 1970s at the height of Harcourt’s heyday as a lecturer and scholar, and also at a time when it was still something of a novelty to discuss homegrown work within the academy. “What I mean by that is that like Atwood, he identified certain distinguishing characteristics and patterns in our national cinema. They may not seem to apply as much to our contemporary movies, but they gave us the ground on which to build the entire discussion in the first place.”
In an obituary for Harcourt in The Globe and Mail, Pevere said that his former teacher “entirely rearranged the furniture in [his] tiny undergrad intellectual flat,” a beautifully vivid turn of phrase which enfolds Harcourt’s image as a pedagogical icon with the force and authority of his writings on Canadian cinema. A passionate advocate of both English- and French-Canadian auteurs, from the rebellious (Don Owen) to the poetic (Jean Pierre Lefebvre), who argued equally for the work’s significance on the international stage and its value to Canadian viewers who might otherwise pass it by, Harcourt’s great
achievement was to direct attention toward what he called “an invisible cinema.” That phrase was at once a paradox—cinema is a visual medium—and a challenge to students and scholars alike to look harder, until the films and their unique qualities came into focus.
One of the high ironies of Harcourt’s career is that he had to go to the United Kingdom in order to discover his role as a crusader on behalf of Canadian cinema. Born in Toronto in 1931 and educated at the University of Toronto, Harcourt was a talented musician who opted to study literature at Cambridge. While in England, he began to write and report regularly on cinema, including a stint working for the British Film Institute, where he happened upon a cache of National Film Board cinema verité productions. In A Canadian Journey, Harcourt writes that his admiration for these films re-oriented more than his perspective. “From the aspect of self-recognition that [they] provided, I wanted to return home.”
That homecoming would be a staggered process beginning with Kingston, Ont., and Queen’s University where, following an invitation from the English department, Harcourt set up what is acknowledged as the first film studies department in Canada. Among his students was director Peter Raymont, who recalls the aura of excitement that attended the professor’s arrival on campus. “Film was a very hot subject in 1969,” he says. “It was like the literature of the new generation. Peter would sit during his lectures with his feet on the back of the chair, and he was very articulate. When you talked with him one on one, you got the feeling that he was really listening to you. And he wasn’t judgmental.” Raymont has a good story on that last point: after Harcourt caught him breaking into the so-called “Film House” on Seward Street to use the editing equipment after hours, he offered the younger man a key to access the facilities around the clock.
There was another impressionable teenager lurking around Film House in those days, even though he wasn’t there to study film: Piers Handling, the director and CEO of the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) and probably Harcourt’s most famous protégé. “I hung out around the department a lot,” he says. “It was an exciting time: Peter was there, and so was Robin Wood, and they brought all these filmmakers to show their work—Arthur Penn, Peter Watkins, Jean Pierre Lefebvre. Film House had its own identity, which was very cool. It was different than the rest of the university. It felt very non-bureaucratic.”
Handling was one of several people interviewed for this story who implied that “non-bureaucratic” was an apt descriptor for Harcourt in general—that despite his facility as a lecturer and his popularity with students, he was never totally comfortable within institutional structures. This professional restlessness might account for Harcourt’s departure from Queen’s in 1974 to the Slade School of Fine Art in London, England, and then later that same year to York University in Toronto, but it also had something to do with his critical philosophy. Harcourt’s excellent study Six European Directors, which included analyses of work by Sergei Eisenstein, Jean Renoir, Luis Bunuel, Ingmar Bergman, Federico Fellini and Jean-Luc Godard, was published in 1974, right in the middle of an ideological shift in film studies, the intervention of semiotics into what had previously been considered a humanist discourse. Harcourt’s evaluative, impressionistic and intensely personal film criticism was now out of fashion, and while he was received warmly back in Toronto—including at the CBC, which commissioned him to do a series of reports on various national cinemas, and at the early iteration of TIFF, the Festival of Festivals, where he did work for a few years as a programmer—he was on the move again in 1978, to Carleton University in Ottawa.
“For me, Peter was a de-colonizer of the mind,” says Tom McSorley, who, like Pevere, was a student at Carleton in 1978, and who, like Pevere, Handling, Raymont, and so many of Harcourt’s other students, has gone on to do his share of shaping the discourse on Canadian cinema, most recently as the director of the Canadian Film Institute in Ottawa. “And not just at the level of nationalism, but also at the academic level of doubting and investigating the fashions and orthodoxies of film studies and film theory.”
For York University professor and graduate program director Brenda Longfellow, who was a rookie instructor at Carleton in those days, Harcourt wasn’t just an intellectual influence. He was a generous colleague who welcomed her into the faculty and his home: she lived in his basement for three months. Like McSorley, she believes that the turn in film studies in the 1970s toward critical theory was discombobulating for a scholar who had always sought to catalogue expressive artistry. “He wasn’t enamoured of Screen theory or high structuralism. He would take me to task for being too dogmatic or rhetorical, and then in the last few pieces I showed him, he told me that I’d sort of grown up.”
This is the other common denominator among all of the people I spoke to about Harcourt—that even as his students grew up and in some cases gained more notoriety and influence than he ever had, he followed their careers with interest and pride. And he was always willing to offer feedback. Filmmaker Michael Ostroff, who first met Harcourt during the legendary free Friday night film screenings at Carleton in the late 1970s, says that they became close friends a few decades later, and that he would show Harcourt his work even while he was still ankle-deep in the editing process. “After 20 weeks of cutting, we’d show it to Peter and worry that he’d thought it was terrible! Because his reactions were so internal. He didn’t give you an immediate response because he was really trying to absorb what was happening in the film.”
Harcourt’s desire to give marginal or difficult films the attention that they deserved—even in the case of a filmmaker like David Cronenberg, whose artistic temperament he adjudged too chilly for his tastes—led some to see him as a cheerleader of sorts for Canadian cinema. It’s a term that doesn’t necessarily have to be pejorative. Perhaps Harcourt’s greatest curatorial success was the championing of Canadian cinema at the 1984 Festival of Festivals. With the help of Handling and Pevere, Harcourt created an annual showcase, Perspective Canada, and assembled a landmark retrospective of over one hundred Canadian shorts and features. It was a culmination of Harcourt’s espousal of this country’s cinema.
Harcourt continued writing and editing for the next two decades, including an essential essay collection on his beloved director Jean Pierre Lefebvre, whose work he claimed “combine[d] the formal authority of Michael Snow with the compassionate humanity of Jean Renoir”—a dialectic that also neatly sums up the author’s own twin passions for experimental and classical cinema. But he never became a mainstream icon like Jay Scott or Brian Linehan, who had the advantages of national bylines and network face time, respectively. “I think the fact that Peter never had a regular journalistic platform is why it seemed to a lot of people like he’d disappeared [after his retirement],” says Pevere. “I can say that he maintained a very active social life, which involved people coming to visit him, in the ‘Court of Harcourt.’ I made a point of travelling to Ottawa once a year to visit with him.”
A Canadian Journey is a book that weighs Harcourt’s passion for the spiritually nourishing qualities of art against his skepticism about an “ascendant culture of distractive entertainment.” He believed that the “consumptive culture cannot continue,” and while in this he has so far been proven incorrect, his belief that things would eventually improve marks him as an optimist as well as a realist—a paradox that fits into what Handling describes as a “mass of contradictions.” If the best critics are the ones who force us to test our own responses to a work of art—both against our prejudices and assumptions as well as the work of art itself—Peter Harcourt’s often self-divided writing makes him valuable in a way that outstrips smoother, glibber writers: patient, methodical and endlessly questioning rather than asserting, he didn’t make the job of film scholarship look easy (nor should it be). If re-reading Peter Harcourt’s body of work can make it feel at times like he was examining Canada and its Two Solitudes from his own lonely place, it’s also finally deeply affirmative. It broaches the possibility that cinema is not just a tourist destination, fit for a few hours’ escape, but a place where even the most far-flung among us can come home.
Harcourt said as much, near the end of A Canadian Journey: “Investigating these matters, one works like an archaeologist, burrowing amongst the remnants of a past civilization that, on examination, one recognizes as one’s own.” In studying the films of his once and future homeland, he saw a reflection of himself, which is fair enough since for the past half-century, Canadian cinema has seen itself remade, time and again, in Peter Harcourt’s image.
Read Barri Cohen’s obituary of Peter Harcourt here.
Adam Nayman is a critic and teacher in Toronto. He writes for The Vice Guide to Film.
View all articles by Adam Nayman »
Focus on Education 2013-14: Report from Ontario & Manitoba
R.I.P. Peter Harcourt (1931-2014)
Job Opportunity: Assistant Professor, Digital Post Production - York University
Class Acts: Ontario & Manitoba
The Rise and Fall of a Canadian Film School
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The Gary Null Show – 09.18.18
WICKED, WICKED WIKIPEDIA: THE CORRUPTION AND COLLAPSE OF THE LEGENDARY PEOPLE’S ENCYCLOPEDIA.
Richard Gale and Gary Null
Progressive Radio Network, September 18, 2018
It is time to take a serious, critical look at Wikipedia and its mission. Is it everything it purports to be as an objective encyclopedic source of knowledge or just another anti-democratic social media dynasty resorting to the censorship and suppression of unorthodox medical science, social criticism and political dissent contrary to its founder’s rigid ideological beliefs? With over 5.6 million articles totaling 45 million pages, Wikipedia offers an enormous amount of information, and the majority of it is recognizably accurate. Over 30 million people are registered as editors for the site, but the number of active editors fluctuates around 130,000 and is decreasing steadily. On the other hand, entries on contemporary issues that elicit controversy and debate, often when commercial interests and public policies are at stake, have become opportunities for editors to post propaganda, gossip, launch character assassinations, add flagrant misinformation and untruths, and delete truthful data to spin and strengthen specific ideologies, beliefs, and conflicts of interest contrary to the encyclopedia’s rules.
Today all major media, Left and Right, as well as the larger Silicon Valley firms that support it, employ news and commentary that serve as weapons for mass public ignorance. It is common for people’s reputations to be destroyed. Conservatives and liberals alike claim the other disseminates fake news and each attempts to demonize and censor the other regardless of the accuracy or relevancy of what is being reported. There are still many investigative journalists with deep integrity and a commitment to expose the truth, such as the late Robert Parry from Consortium News, Chris Hedges and Robert Scheer at Truthdig, Bruce Dixon and Glen Ford at the Black Agenda Report, Henry Giroux and William River Pitts at Truthout and others who have since had their sites blocked by Google and Facebook. But these are only several of hundreds of other online outlets and news blogs that have been banned and left without any recourse to address grievances. There is no arbitration. And this trend is increasing at lightning speed.
For over a decade we have been reviewing hundreds of articles on a daily basis about medicine and health, climate change and the environment, geopolitics and culture. We apply a strong litmus test to determine accuracy and trustworthiness. Consistently we discover that the public is being misled by special interest groups on both sides of the political spectrum. The Left and Right control large segments of the media through advertising or direct ownership. Billions of dollars are spent annually on lobbyists, consultants, think tanks and foundations, public relations firms, and astroturf groups. And behind these entities are even more powerful organizations such as federal intelligence and health agencies, the Business Roundtable, the Atlantic Council, the mega-internet firms, and of course the pharmaceutical industry.
Control of the media and the internet, to silence important voices, denies the public an opportunity to gaze upon the larger picture. For the powerful, it is preferable for the public to see only a small sliver of reality in order to keep citizens in check. For example, in the past, it was not the federal CDC, FDA or the National Cancer Institute that initiated efforts to warm the public about the risks of smoking or to avoid exposure to asbestos. Instead it was from people of conscience, such as whistleblowers, insiders and independent scientists and journalists, who alerted Americans and spoke in opposition to the corporations determined to keep the health risks hidden away in the dark. It was an insider Daniel Ellsberg who brought the Pentagon Papers to public attention, and without Edward Snowden we would not know the full extent of the government’s surveillance state. Mainstream media of its own volition would have remained silent about it.
After many hundreds of hours of investigative research into Wikipedia, a shocking story is being uncovered. Throughout the Wikimedia Foundation’s organizational structure, and reaching into the editorial hierarchy of its open-sourced encyclopedia, are multiple layers of deception, dangerous ideologies, extreme biases, and conflicts of interests. The site has built a wall harboring a cesspool of unprofessional and undefinable editors to obfuscate the truth and slander people and entire professions. In short, a kind of deep state is now acting with authority to control Wikipedia articles.
Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales has repeatedly shown his personal intolerance towards topics he disagrees with, particularly non-conventional and alternative medicine and whatever else that does not fit into his picture of the reality or whatever he decides is phony or “fake news.” More recently, Wales mission has been to fight fake news.[1] As we further demonstrate below, Wales also presumes the prevailing pharmaceutical drug paradigm and the Skeptics support of the Science-Based Medicine ideology is science’s final word for determining the diagnosis and treatment of disease; all other medical modalities outside Big Pharma’s purview is fair game for ridicule, incrimination and ultimately censorship.
Censorship is exclusion from public discourse and debate. Institutions that hold and maintain power are always the least welcoming of contrarian and dissenting voices; therefore the powerful make every effort to define the parameters of debate and select the participants worthy in its eyes. In its wake, censorship silences important stories, enormous bodies of research, science and expertise necessary to sustain democratic integrity. The public is left impoverished for it is denied invaluable knowledge, even information that can be life-saving.
Democracy is steadily being threatened by Silicon Valley, including the San Francisco-based Wikimedia Foundation, which holds the gatekeeper’s keys for allowing or obscuring the free-flow of reliable knowledge and commentary to the public. In concert with Google, Facebook, Twitter and other major internet firms promoting the large media conglomerates, the Foundation has entered the frenzy to censor and denigrate individuals, medical disciplines, and political voices threatening the dominant citadels of power and hegemony. And Wikipedia editors have been undermining entire fields of knowledge and wisdom for over a decade unbeknownst to the vast majority of its users.
In February 2017, the British tabloid The Daily Mail, the UK’s second large daily newspaper reaching over 4.5 million readers and surpassing the New York Times as the world’s most visited news site on the internet, was banned by Wikipedia as an unreliable news source. Jimmy Wales decided the paper was a distributor of “fake news.” Speaking on CNBC, Wales accused the Daily Mail of “mastering the art.. of running stories that simply aren’t true.” Founded in 1896, the paper publishes editions in Scotland, Ireland, Continental Europe and North Africa. On seven occasions since 1995 it has earned the prestigious British Press’ “National Newspaper of the Year” Award for breaking noteworthy stories. It is worth noting that Google’s artificial intelligence laboratory, DeepMind Technologies, relies upon the Daily Mail’s extensive archives as one of its two primary sources to “teach” its computers “to read” and acquire “verbal reasoning.” Wales’ decision to ban the Mail sets a dangerous precedent that should delegitimize any Wikimedia claims of fairness and objectivity. According to Wikipedia’s own platform, it is the responsibility of editors to undertake fact-checking before referencing any source The banning of news sources is in short an egregious cop out that will only accelerate the current trend of censorship to favor the powerful who hold sway over what the public can know and what should be denied.
The initiator behind the Daily Mail ban is a 35-year old regular Wikipedia editor and British misfit named Michael Cockram, who goes by the pseudonym Hillbillyholiday (perhaps taken from a Massachusetts musical band by the same name). Only a tiny fraction (under 1%) of Wikipedia’s administrators voted in favor of including the Mail on its blacklist. At the time of the controversy, when not editing for Wikipedia, Cochram spent his time on his personal Facebook page that was found to be filled with obscenities, sexism, and racist and Islamophobic remarks. In his first posts in the Wikipedia discussions arguing about the ban, he indicated Wales would approve of the decision
No doubt, the Mail, sometimes described as the UK’s equivalent to Fox News, is not without its controversies. Many of its stories are outright silly. It has been caught and charged with poor journalism and for reporting misleading and spun stories; however, this is becoming endemic in most mainstream corporate media, including the New York Times which promoted the Bush-Cheney lie about Sadaam Hussain’s possession of weapons of mass destruction. Or there was the Washington Post’s false claim that Russian hackers penetrated the nation’s electrical grid. All the major networks and news outlets were completely wrong about the charitable White Helmets’ operations in Syria. The group has now been confirmed conclusively by independent Western journalists on the ground in Syria and testimonies of residents living in the vicinity of the Helmets’ activities, to serve as a propaganda operation behind the US-supported anti-Assad extremists associated with terrorists groups such as al-Nusra and al-Qaeda But nobody would call the Washington Post a fake newspaper although it upsets the Right because it definitely leans heavily towards Democrat positions. Nor can Fox News qualify as a “fake news” source for its full embrace of the Right. Truth and lies are found throughout both sides of the political spectrum.
Nevertheless, on occasion the Daily Mail publishes noteworthy news not found in liberal-leaning sites. There is reason to believe that Wales’ banning the Mail is an act of personal revenge given the paper’s stories challenging Wikipedia’s reliability and labeling Wales as a liberal insider with the intention to destroy conservativism. For example, the Mail published a story about research coming out of Campbell University about the widespread inaccuracy of medical information on Wikipedia’s 20,000-plus health-related pages. It is feasible to regard the Mail’s article as a public service to warn readers not to rely on Wikipedia for high quality medical research nor to attempt to self-diagnose themselves based upon Wikipedia’s misinformation. In 2017, the paper reported on a study by Oxford Internet Institute noting that algorithmic bots have been used for over a decade on Wikipedia pages to “enforce bans, check spelling, links and import content.” This includes the undoing of manual and robotic edits made to Wiki pages. And in 2014 the Mail instructed all of its writers and reporters to never rely on Wikipedia as a single source.
Sites that can properly be described as “fake news” are actually sources for disinformation campaigns. In this context, specific subjects covered by Wikipedia fall more in line with this definition than the Times or Post, or even the Daily Mail for that matter.
Wales refuses to take personal responsibility for the gross disinformation, covert marketing, and editorial censorship that plagues Wikipedia. Rather, he consistently hides behind the ruse of the encyclopedia being an open invitation for anyone to edit content, or at least attempt to do so, and reaffirms his belief that truth will prevail through the infighting between Wikipedia editors. He consistently reassures critics that he is aware of the problems and that Wikipedia’s editorial process is not perfect. However, the fundamental corruption on the site resides within the administration of content, which is not based upon any expertise whatsoever in a topic under review, but on seniority based upon how many successful edits a person has made.
It is not uncommon to find Skeptic sites praising Wales’ embrace of Skepticism and acknowledging him as one of their own. The sites Skeptical Science and Skeptools portray Wales in glowing terms for his attack against energy psychology. “Wikipedia’s co-founder Jimmy Wales this week” reports Skeptools, “sent a clear signal to skeptics who edit the user-created encyclopedia – he agrees with our focus on science and good evidence.” After giving undue applause to the success of Susan Gerbic’s Guerilla Skeptics on Wikipedia, the article continues,
” Wales makes clear what I have been saying all along – the rules of evidence on Wikipedia are pro-skeptic and pro-science. If you are pushing an idea that science rejects, Wikipedia will reject it too…. Paranormalists and pseudoscientists take note: skeptics are not bullying you off Wikipedia. We are only enforcing the rules of evidence as clearly stated on the service. If you cannot provide adequate evidence for your ideas, they will not be accepted. So says Jimmy Wales, so say we all.”
The hubris in this statement is obvious. The author knows the Skeptic movement has fully hijacked the encyclopedia. He speaks as someone who is in control and serves as a gatekeeper to rule over any discourse over what should be labeled as “pseudoscience.”
In an earlier report, we noted how Wikipedia vilifies homeopathy outright: The Wiki page states that homeopathy
“….is a pseudoscience – a belief that is incorrectly presented as scientific. Homeopathic preparations are not effective for treating any condition; large-scale studies have found homeopathy to be no more effective than a placebo, indicating that any positive effects that follow treatment are only due to the placebo effect, normal recovery from illness, or regression toward the mean…. Outside of the alternative medicine community, scientists have long considered homeopathy a sham or a pseudoscience, and the mainstream medical community regards it as quackery. There is an overall absence of sound statistical evidence of therapeutic efficacy, which is consistent with the lack of any biologically plausible pharmacological agent or mechanism.”
Back in 2013, a study out of Rutgers University discovered that homeopathy and Jesus were the two most controversial pages on Wikipedia the enflamed the greatest debate. The study was reviewed by the Washington Post.
A question. Are these biases solely those of Skeptics who commandeer the Wikipedia’s homeopathic page, or are Skeptics taking directions from Jimmy Wales or at least being given his green light?
Back in 2013, Wales composed a letter to his readers on his Quora page based upon his experience at a London pharmacy where he was offered the popular homeopathic remedy Oscillococcinium for a sore throat and cough. Besides writing that Oscillococcinum “is a complete hoax product,” Wales reveals his support for flu vaccines, his utter contempt for homeopathy, and offers his services to prevent its use:
“What I want to know is this: why is this legal? Or, if it is not legal, then what can be done about it? … In The Guardian article, “Take-up of flu jab drops” it was reported that the percentage of high-risk elderly people in the UK receiving the vaccine was just under 50%. How many of the other 50% chose not to take it because they believe this hoax remedy will protect them? … My understanding is that the legal situation in the UK is particularly bad. Homeopathic remedies of no value whatsoever are legally marketed as cures for specific diseases. Who should I talk to about this in order to encourage the creation of a campaign to stop this? This is not my primary area of interest and so I am not the right person to lead it myself. But I would like to help.”
And Wales did help. And he gave plenty of it. Controlling the fifth most popular website on the internet, Wikipedia has been a boon for the Skeptic movement and its propaganda machine to disseminate its radical rationalist interpretation of science and demonize all alternative medicine. Guerrilla Skeptics’ Susan Gerbic replied to Wales’ offer:
“Jimmy you have already done more than anyone could possibly dream that can be done. You created the most amazing resource in the world. I mean that, not only in English but in every language possible. The English homeopathy page alone gets over 140K views EACH MONTH. That is a lot of people being educated about homeopathy. Thank you. Allowing us editors to ‘do our job’ and keep these articles honest and correctly cited is enough. I can’t imagine what else you can do, my brain is teeny tiny compared to your mighty brain, if you come up with something please oh please let us in on it, we want to help.”
Thank you Susan for blowing Jimmy’s cover. In a video of a lecture Gerbic presented at a Guerrilla Skeptic workshop, she informs participants about her team’s success in frustrating other Wikipedia editors who oppose their tactics and subsequently removed themselves as editors.
There has been growing dissatisfaction and frustration among Wikipedia’s volunteer editorial base who are dedicated to the Foundation’s mission to bring free knowledge to the world. Dissent is turning more vocal and going public. Blogs and articles critical of Wikipedia’s adverse behavior and disruptive culture increase. Brian Britt, an assistant professor of journalism at South Dakota State University calculates that 77% of Wikipedia’s content is now composed by only one percent of its editors—the vast majority being men—who have achieved editorial seniority.[12] Out of disgust, editors are leaving Wikipedia in greater numbers, largely due to senior administrators’ rampant marginalization, backbiting and prejudices against editors who challenge them. As of 2015, the number of core active editors declined by 40%.[13] The opinion of many former Wikipedia devotees is that the encyclopedia is collapsing into a chaos of psychobabble. Earlier in the year we had conversations with Wikipedia editor Rome Viharo who has been documenting his unsettling experiences on the encyclopedia for several years. On his blog Wikipedia, We Have a Problem, Viharo writes:
“A number of skeptic activists on Wikipedia believe that only they are qualified to edit a large swath of topics and biographies on Wikipedia, and they seek to purge other editors from those articles or Wikipedia itself. Skeptic activists take this very seriously and treat Wikipedia like a battleground for their activism, where online harassment, slander, bullying, character assassination, and public shaming are all used as tactics to control editing permissions on the world’s largest repository of knowledge.”[14]
Ergo the question: who does this one percent of editors represent? Who is capable of spending many “unpaid” hours daily to edit Wikipedia pages? What conflicts of interest do they have, and are they using Wikipedia as a public relations platform to disseminate propaganda favoring commercial, partisan and ideological biases and to attack opponents?
We have a very serious problem here that is in direct violation of Wikipedia’s written and posted rules and ethics and everything Wales projects publicly to the world about himself and his project. Wales’ letter is a confession of motive and intention. It violates Wales’ belief that truth can be reached from the distillation of volunteer editors debating a topic. Not only does the encyclopedia exclude any published clinical evidence supporting homeopathy’s efficacy for treating certain illnesses, it makes every effort to discredit its leading advocates including the late Dr. Peter Fisher, Queen Elizabeth II’s personal homeopathic physician. For the record, a Cochrane review of Oscillococcinum trials concluded that the remedy did not prevent the onset of flu; however four other trials “suggested that Oscillococcinum relieved flu symptoms at 48 hours.” Another statistical review of the published literature conducted by Sloan Kettering Cancer Center concluded that the same homeopathic preparation “probably reduces the duration of illness in patients presenting influenza symptoms.” This information is blocked from being posted on Wikipedia’s page for “Oscillococcinum.”
Wales is steeped in Skeptic philosophy and has been an invaluable enabler of the movement. Richard Dawkins, the modern founder of the New Atheism and a god-king among Skeptics, attended Wikipedia’s tenth anniversary celebration; Wales was photographed alongside his hero. During a 2007 TED talk, Dawkins presents his case that only atheists can serve as the intelligentsia necessary to preserve civilization and continue its march towards progress. He scornfully made the call for “militant atheists” to become more aggressive in the fight against superstition. As an aside, Skeptics protect Dawkin’s Wikipedia biography which is shiny white and makes no mention that felon Jeffrey Skilling, former CEO of Enron, received his inspiration from Dawkin’s book The Selfish Gene, a book possibly responsible for the social Darwinism that has caused enormous damage to citizens at the mercy of mega-corporations and their elite executives.
Susan Gerbic, with the support of her Skeptic guru James Randi, took up Dawkins’ call to arms by co-founding Skeptic Guerrillas on Wikipedia. And apparently Wales has too. In her video noted above, Gerbic goes on to brag about her team’s success in “drastically” changing Wikipedia’s page on homeopathy and inserting the word “quackery.” She also goes on to share her success in using Wikipedia to increase the visits on external Skeptic homepages, primarily the James Randi Educational Foundation she is affiliated with. Elsewhere in her training lecture, she makes a Freudian slip, you can “change the rul (rules)…. er… pages.” Bending the rules may include redefining reliable references, such as including the Skeptics main journal, Skeptical Inquirer, which is not peer-reviewed and represents only a tiny fraction America’s readership. It is reasonable to assert that Gerbic received Wales’ nod of approval for her accomplishments.
Gerbic’s work has received the highest praises from the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) and Center for Inquiry — the leading starships of the Skeptic movement. She was elected as a Center for Inquiry fellow to join other leading Skeptics such as Bill Nye, Neil deGrasse, Carl Sagan, Michael Mann among others. This network of Skeptic associations, along with the fringe Science Based Medicine organization, now serve as an influential deep state operating freely and without impunity on Wikipedia.
Given Wales close association with the Skeptic mission, we need to ask ourselves about the sincerity of Wales’ incessant rhetoric about democracy, freedom of information and net neutrality, and his espousal of “positive defiance.” As we have shown, he does not feel this way about medicine and health, nor about long-standing news outlets that disagree with his left-leaning Libertarian ideology. His claims of Wikipedia’s neutrality is a facade.
Wikipedia’s page describing its Arbitration Committee on Pseudoscience sets forth principles and criteria to determine what can be properly labeled as a “pseudoscience” on Wikipedia entries. The “scientific focus” of articles are expected to “reflect current mainstream scientific consensus,” however no further definition is provided. A “neutral point of view” is also required, which means “fair representation of significant alternatives to scientific orthodoxy… and legitimate scientific disagreement.” This would include non-conventional therapies that now have volumes of peer-reviewed research published in medical journals throughout the world. Skeptics repeatedly violate this rule. Only astrology is listed in the Arbitration rules as an example of what can properly be called a pseudoscience on a Wiki page. With respect to “questionable science,” if a theory, for example acupuncture or Chiropractic, has a substantial following, although some would allege it to be a pseudoscience, it should not be characterized as such. And finally, under “alternative theoretical formulations,” if a theory has a following “within the scientific community” then it must not be labeled a pseudoscience because it is “part of the scientific process.” Therefore, the many non-conventional modalities of medical practice that are now recognized and incorporated in medical school curriculums, hospitals and now being researched at prominent conventional medical institutions, cannot be framed in derogatory terms. Based upon this criteria, a living person who practices or follows any medical system that is not qualified as a pseudoscience should not be referred to as a quack or in Jimmy Wales’ terms a “lunatic charlatan.”
Speaking at the 2016 MindRush conference hosted by Business Today in India, Wales’ lecture was entitled “Why Positive Deviance Works.” Briefly, positive deviance is the idea that behavioral and social change can successfully be created by a small community of individuals who deviate from social norms of practice. The premise is that a small group can arrive at better outcomes than the majority of its peers. Since its inception in the 1970s, positive deviance has been successful in many practical instances, such as finding solutions to improve public health in poorer communities; however, as a principle it is an unstable, impractical and terrible model to apply to content on Wikipedia. What we have been describing above is a very small contingent of individuals, who are unquestionably deviant from modern scientific norms, who have been given direct permission and received inspiration and license from Jimmy Wales to capture Wikipedia’s pages on natural and alternative health to dramatically distort the debate their favor. Instead of following Wikipedia’s rules of the jungle to magically produce objectivity and truth out of conflicting analysis, argument, and conversation, a tiny group of Skeptics have been granted permission to impose its own solutions for how Wiki pages should be reframed and according to their own unpopular ideological beliefs. None of the many non-conventional medical disciplines disparaged by Skeptic activists accurately qualify as pseudoscience based upon Wikipedia’s arbitration criteria. On the other hand, Skeptics have moved the boundaries and evidence clearly shows Wales condones this.
“The prime goal of censorship is to promote ignorance,” writes American author Felice Picano. Skeptics habitually misinterpret, misrepresent or censor all valid scientific research that might give support to non-conventional medical practices. Often, Skeptics’ edits are utterly absurd. In their attacks on Orthomolecular Medicine, based upon the work of two-time Nobel Laureate Linus Pauling to support the evidence that optimal nutrition, including supplementation and mega-vitamin therapy, can prevent disease, Skeptics describe this alternative medical theory as “faddism and as quackery.” An editor attempting to add a sentence had it immediately deleted because it would have lent support to orthomolecular theory. He wrote, “Diseases that are accepted by conventional medicine to be the result of vitamin or other nutrient deficiencies are: scurvy, pellagra, beriberi, rickets, tetany, osteoporosis, goiter, Keshan disease and iron deficiency anemia.” This sentence would find agreement with every allopathic medical physician. Yet if you go to the individual Wikipedia pages for each of these illnesses listed, you will find direct references to the specific vitamin or mineral deficiency as a primary cause. Seemingly, Skeptics have yet to get around to flatten these pages with their nonsense.
And in the case of Wikipedia this means banning expert editorial opposition, real scholarship and permitting vicious attacks by corporations, organizations and groups—notably the apostles of the scientific Skepticism movement—to infiltrate the encyclopedia to disparage and condemn individuals and provable facts that challenge commercial positioning, and their unwarranted influence and control over a narrowly defined criteria of scientific dogma. Even people challenging misinformation posted on their personal Wikipedia pages must spend many months or years to diligently have it changed or risk being banned for attempting to do so. For all of Wales’ Libertarian accolades and unwavering belief in reductionist science and technology as the driving engine of his Randian or Objectivist ideas of progress[2], it is censorship that hinders real scientific and medical progress.
The primary leaders and spokespersons for the Skepticism movement such as Quackwatch founder Stephen Barrett and Science Based Medicine’s Steven Novella and David Gorski have pristine Wikipedia biographies. Criticisms, conflicts of interest and controversies are not permitted to be added. Editors attempting to bring a realistic balance to these people’s lives can be quickly banned. The Skeptic groups with whom Wales has aligned himself and handed over managerial editorial rights run roughshod over matters pertaining to the full spectrum of available healthcare, especially non-conventional practices. They act blatantly with malice of forethought. In a letter posted online to Dr. Deepak Chopra, biologist Dr. Rupert Sheldrake opines:
“… Wikimedia skeptics are the self-appointed frontier guards of science, a job for which they think they need no credentials except their fervor….. it is easy to be a media skeptic. You get the last word. You can say what you like. You don’t have to spend years doing actual research. And you yourself can remain immune from criticism, because those you criticize have no right to reply.”[7]
The Wikipedia entries for Drs. Rupert Sheldrake and Deepak Chopra have been repeatedly victimized by radicalized Skeptics for many years. Although both have impeccable credentials and are visionaries in their own right, their positions on consciousness, mind-body medicine and psychology have been anathema for Skeptics’ materialistic and reductionist beliefs. Earlier, Dr. Sheldrake’s TED Talk lecture had been censored on the best of atheist Skeptics PZ Meyer and the new darling of the radical Skeptic movement Prof. Sean Carroll at Cal Tech. Coming to Sheldrake’s and Chopra’s assistance, Wikipedia editor Rome Viharo attempted to edit their Wikipedia pages on their behalf as case studies to provide decisive evidence for how Skeptic activists maintain control over entire entries.[8]
Skeptic crusaders act with premeditative intent to falsely discredit all and everything that conflict with their 19th century Cartesian view of a mechanistic reality. Without any clinical nor medical experience or expertise, many Skeptics such as the recruited medical illiterates and trolls in Susan Gerbic’s and Tim Farley’s Guerrilla Skeptics on Wikipedia (recently renamed to About Time) have free reign over Wiki pages pertaining to research into the paranormal and potentially life-saving drugless therapies for relieving and reversing disease. Chiropractic, acupuncture, naturopathy, homeopathy and energy medicine are all criticized as pseudoscientific and quackery on Wikipedia.
The Gurerrilla Skeptics and Jimmy Wales are excellent examples of what Marcoen Cabbolet at Vrije University in Brussels calls pseudoskpticism or “bogus skepticism.” Pseudoskepticism was first coined in 1987 by Marcello Truzzi, a sociologist at Eastern Michigan University, himself an ardent Skeptic who founded the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal. A year later he turned against the organization he founded for gross unscientific behavior and for having been usurped by virulent Skeptics speaking against subjects they either had no professional background and expertise or for improperly weighing the scientific evidence of questionable claims.[9] Pseudoskepticism has no intention to discover truth; rather it is based solely upon efforts to disparagingly discredit opponents and medical and scientific research it regards offensive. Cabbolet identifies several “tell-tale signs” for identifying pseudoskeptics; each sign is prominently recognizable on Wikipedia pages devoted to non-conventional and natural medicine as well as the biographies of many of its leading practitioners and advocates:
⦁ Ad hominem attacks as a rhetorical strategy to marginalize others and label them as charlatans, quacks, crackpots, etc.
⦁ Vitriolic tones or the use of belittling phrases and pejoratives. Often such attacks border on being libelous.
⦁ Non-specific comments that indicate pseudoskeptics have made little or no effort to understand either the research or the professional credentials of a person being discredited.
⦁ Absence of proof or what Cabbolet describes as “one of the most shameful ways to attack someone else’s work is to put forward outright fabrications.” One common Wikipedia reference to discredit alternative or natural health claims it denounces is to state “there is insufficient scientific proof.” Yet more often than not it is the case that there are hundreds and sometimes thousands of scientific studies supporting non-conventional medical claims and therapeutic achievements.
⦁ False metaphors in order to draw associations between the person, discipline or theory being criticized with something known to be factually untrue.
⦁ Targeting the mass media or making efforts to distribute pseudoskeptic attacks on someone or a discipline to the wider public. Since Wikipedia is today the fifth most popular website on the internet, it has served as a perfect forum for Wales’ pseudoskeptic friends to reach out to a larger audience and disseminate biased, misleading propaganda. Moreover, and far worse, Skeptics, wittingly or not, service the pharmaceutical industry’s commercial interests more effectively and at no advertising costs.[10]
There is no evidence that Wales, who has no notable scientific background, and certainly none in medicine, has stopped to question Skepticism’s extremism and its worship of reductionism. In a reply to a petition to withhold donations to Wikipedia posted by the Association for Comprehensive Energy Psychology on Change.org, Wales replied to the Association’s president, Debby Vajda, he wrote: (cite inline or below)
“No, you have to be kidding me. Every single person who signed this petition needs to go back to check their premises and think harder about what it means to be honest, factual, truthful. Wikipedia’s policies around this kind of thing are exactly spot-on and correct. If you can get your work published in respectable scientific journals – that is to say, if you can produce evidence through replicable scientific experiments, then Wikipedia will cover it appropriately. What we won’t do is pretend that the work of lunatic charlatans is the equivalent of “true scientific discourse”. It isn’t.”
Those of us who investigate the Skeptics immediately took note of Wales’ use of expression “lunatic charlatans” that is commonly found on pseudoskeptic screeds to disparage practitioners of alternative medicine. In return Vajda provided 51 peer-reviewed articles and studies, 18 which were randomized controlled studies, appearing in professional journals, including the American Psychological Association, the Journal of Clinical Psychology, the Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice and others showing positive statistical results outside the range of chance. But none of this made any difference for having the Wikipedia pages changed.
Pseudoskeptism is not only a perversion of healthy skepticism but it diminishes the entire legacy of scientific integrity and inquiry. For example, Skeptics’ use of tabloid journalism on Wikipedia also fervently attacks and ridicules those who reject the atmospheric and geologic evidence confirming anthropogenic climate change. Jimmy Wales has a low tolerance for climate change deniers. Forbes magazine ran an article, “Wikipedia Censors Global Warming Skeptics,” noting that “global warming is a pet hobby of founder Jimmy Wales.”[11] Nevertheless, as the underdog facing a gargantuan body of scientific literature indicating that humanity is in fact altering the climate and contributing to global warming, it is up to climate change opponents to demonstrate their case scientifically, with convincing statistical and/or measurable evidence, and to accurately refute the evidence showing otherwise. Although we believe this will be an insurmountable task for the tiny faction of scientists opposing anthropogenic climate change to accomplish, the debate should be accommodated and offered on Wikipedia. Censorship and contempt will never win over those who need to be convinced about the defects in their beliefs.
Dissent has always been a healthy component of scientific progress. Without opposition to dominant theories and the prevailing paradigm, science would be nothing more than an orthodox and dogmatic way of knowing. Yet science, and in particular the soft sciences such as medicine and psychology, also operate in the realms of power, economics and politics. Consequently, medical battles over truth are in fact reflections of power struggles, with the Skeptics’ dominant power creating an inhospitable environment for discussion and debate and unwilling to accommodate contrarian ideas that also provide sound, reputable evidence.
Being registered as a non-profit organization and relying heavily upon tens of thousands of volunteers rather than paid employees to orchestrate and manage the encyclopedia’s content, Wikipedia has so far succeeded to escape the scrutiny and public condemnation it deserves. Its method of censorship is more subtle, covert, than the widespread censorship tactics used by Google, YouTube, Facebook and Twitter in cooperation with US intelligence agencies. All the problems Wikipedia faces and discussed above can simply be blamed on difficulties in administering tens of thousands of unpaid volunteer editors rather than there being a systemic fault within Wales’ Foundation.
Wikipedia should be properly understood both as a large public relations behemoth as well as an open-source encyclopedia. Unlike the Encyclopedia Britannica, which relies upon highly learned experts and scholars in chosen fields, Wikipedia accommodates numerous amateurs and even “know nothings” about subjects they are responsible to manage. It is unnecessary for an editor to reveal his or her real name, education level or professional background in order to climb the Wiki ladder to a senior administrator position. Many senior editors keep their real identifies and affiliations hidden and only use anonymous names. Editors can even pretend to hold doctoral degrees or disguise themselves as medical professionals. The deep fundamental flaws and failures in Wikipedia’s structural base have been noted repeatedly by frustrated editors and observers since its founding. And the site continues to degenerate parallel with its growing worldwide popularity and deepening pockets of large donations. Some of the larger donors remain hidden or anonymous.
New York Times best-selling human rights author Edwin Black best described the dangers Wikipedia poses for social progress in his article “Wikipedia: The Dumbing Down of World Knowledge” published on the History News Network:
“…. Wikipedia, the constantly changing knowledge base created a global free-for-all of anonymous users, now stands as the leading force for dumbing down the world of knowledge. If Wikipedia’s almost unstoppable momentum continues, critics say, it threatens to quickly reverse centuries of progress… In its place would be a constant cacophony of fact and falsity that Wikipedia critics call a “law of the jungle.”[16]
All of this may appear innocent on the surface or from a particular perspective of tolerance. However, on the matter of health and medicine, Wikipedia’s editorial apparatus may lean towards criminal behavior. Wikipedia bans upwards to 1,000 IP addresses daily.[17] Even senior editors have been forced off the site for erratic, belligerent and condescending behavior that might be clinically diagnosed as a mental disturbance. Sadly, enormous damage was already done before Wikipedia administrators get around to take firm action to remove the functionally deranged.
Providing wrong medical information and ignoring accurate facts can be life-threatening for those who refer to Wikipedia for reliable knowledge. It is not simply ironic that Wikipedia Skeptics, who control and edit the site’s healthcare pages have no clinical or professional medical education or experience, it is pathological. Jimmy Wales has opened the doors for the creation of a nefarious culture to pervert the entire discipline of objective medical science can easily be conveyed by means of an analogy.
Imagine you are a medical student and the medical college drags in a passerby off the street to teach a class. He refuses to identify himself and calls himself “Anonymous” or gives a silly fictitious name. He begins his lecture by stating, “Let me tell you right off. I have no experience in medicine. I have never attended medical school nor have I received any higher learning in molecular biology, genetics, physiology nor any other curriculum associated with human anatomy and the etiology of disease. I have never worked in a research laboratory nor have I ever diagnosed or treated anybody. I only live in my mom’s basement and spend my days surfing the internet and editing Wikipedia pages. Nevertheless, Jimmy Wales has given me permission to join you today so I can teach you everything you need to know about medicine. And you cannot challenge anything I say. If you attempt to correct me, I will have you immediately removed from class. Perhaps indefinitely.”
“First and foremost — and burn this disingenuous rule deeply into your brains — at no point in your medical practice are you permitted to use any kind of complementary and alternative medical modality. You are not permitted to use nutritional therapy, acupuncture, chiropractic, herbal medicine, homeopathy, or Chinese and Ayurveda medicine. Meditation, prayer, body-mind and energy medicine and massage are nonsense and therefore also forbidden. Not only should you never use any of these non-conventional medical therapies in your practice, neither should you ever seek scientific information on the National Institutes of Health’s PubMed database, the world’s largest repository of peer-reviewed medical research, to learn about any of these fake, pseudoscientific practices. Just believe me. I am here to tell you that no research supporting this quackery exists. So save yourself the time and effort because Jimmy wants you to know the gospel truth. And Wales should certainly know because he doesn’t have any medical credentials either. Pretend this doesn’t exist and if you do come upon research supporting any natural medical practice or find people who promote it, know it is false and those who advocate for this chicanery are “lunatic charlatans,” to quote Wales. Report them to their state medical boards because they are delusional.”
As this street person is about to exit the lecture hall, a student raises her hand and blurts out, “Anonymous, I am confused. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) now publish their own peer-reviewed medical journals. These natural practices you condemn are included in curriculums in most medical schools today. Many hospitals and clinics offer acupuncture to relieve pain, recommend natural diets, supplements and herbs. Nurses are being trained in mind-body energy techniques, and the value in meditation to reduce stress in cancer patients is now commonplace. There are tens of thousands of studies supporting all of these non-conventional medical therapies and theories and patients are increasingly turning to these modalities because conventional pharmaceutical drug-based medicine is failing. So what is the basis for your scholarship?” Anonymous replies, “Barely any of us in the Skeptic movement have an academic background in medicine. We don’t read the medical literature. We only need to rely on the reason of our common sense in order to determine whether a treatment is ‘plausibly’ effective or not. Our personal opinions are more important than all the medical literature in the world. Besides, Jimmy Wales supports us and that is all we need to demand your attention and obedience.”
To keep people dumbed down and ignorant, all that is necessary is to recruit under-educated Skeptics, such as Susan Gerbic and even Jimmy Wales for that matter, who are oblivious about molecular biology or quantum uncertainty and put them on a soapbox. In a sermon to her militant Skeptics, Gerbic reveals that her recruits do not require any professional expertise or knowledge in a field in order to edit Wikipedia pages. She writes, “Pick your topic, psychics, vaccines, cryptozoology or whatever gets your heart rate going. You can work with the Guerrilla Skepticism on Wikipedia team (we train) or hundreds of other ways to take care of these issues. Quit bitching in your beer, rolling your eyes and DO SOMETHING!”
Knowing that these are the very same people controlling Wikipedia’s articles on non-conventional medicine and the biographies of natural health’s advocates, how can any information on these pages be regarded as trustworthy and not be severely compromised? It remains to be investigated whether Skeptics may be engaging in racketeering activities on behalf of private corporate interests. For certain, Skeptical positions regarding health are fully aligned with pharmaceutical interests and the most orthodox of medical practice. But Skeptics are not limited to backing conventional medicine.
Gerbic’s guerrilla efforts also target the debate over the benefits and potential health risks of genetically modified crops or GMOs. Skeptics give their full weight in support of GMOs and the agricultural chemical industry. Wikipedia continues to argue that “there is a scientific consensus that currently available food derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food.” The entry makes no reference to French molecular biologist Gilles-Eric Seralini study first published in the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology, and later in Environmental Sciences Europe, which reproduced Monsanto’s own studies to prove that rats fed with genetically modified Roundup Ready corn had a dramatic increase in tumors and shorter lifespans. Since GMO crops are heavily laced with glyphosate or Roundup, and other pesticides, there is also no reference to the August 2018 California court ruling that glyphosate-based weed-killers cause cancer. The sole purpose of GMO crops is to spray more chemical toxins. Monsanto was ordered to pay $289 million for its cover-up of this fact. For Wikipedia’s entry for Dr. Seralini’s biography there is far more emphasis on referencing criticism of his research. The actual results of his groundbreaking research are not mentioned. This is a case example of how Skeptics revert knowledge to align with and shield corporate interests by denying the readers the truths that could protect them.
There is a direct relationship between agricultural scientists shilling for Monsanto, the major Skeptic organizations and Gerbic’s activists on Wikipedia. Kevin Folta, chairman of the department of horticultural sciences at the University of Florida, received his fellowship from the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry alongside Susan Gerbic. In 2015, a Freedom of Information Act submitted by the California organization US Right to Know caught Folta shilling for Monsanto and the agricultural industry. An article in Nature confirmed the details. In 2016, Gerbic interviewed Folta for the Center of Inquiry. The discussion confirmed that the Guerrilla Skeptics are also active on editing Wikipedia’s GMO pages.
Unfortunately, medical students, and even clinical physicians, rely heavily upon Wikipedia as a major source of healthcare information. An article published by the American Psychiatric Association headlined, “Is Wikipedia taking over textbooks in medical student education.” Upwards to 70% now refer to Wikipedia for medical information.
In a study published in the May 2014 issue of the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, researchers at Campbell University in North Carolina conducted an analysis of references on Wikipedia for ten of the most costly disease conditions (ie., coronary artery disease, lung cancer, depressive disorder, osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, diabetes, back pain and hyperlipidemia). The study randomly selected medical professionals to conduct the reviews. The results found statistically significant inconsistencies and discordance between Wikipedia’s cited resources and the corresponding peer-reviewed medical literature. The study concluded that “physicians and medical students who currently use Wikipedia as a medical reference should be discouraged from doing so because of the potential for errors.”
The consequences of the Campbell study become more onerous in light of an even more disturbing study jointly conducted by Katholieke University in Belgium and Washington University School of Medicine and published in the Journal of the American Medical Information Association. Online statistical analysis revealed that Wikipedia ranked among the first ten results in upwards to 85% of search engine keyword queries concerning health issues including life-threatening diseases. On Google alone, where Wikipedia has been bestowed favored status, it reached first place on 40% of occasions and 68% of the time among the top five. In other words, Wikipedia health entries were likely viewed more regularly than all other legitimate professional medical online resources, including the federal health agencies, MedlinePlus, Medscape, the Mayo Clinic, KidsHealth and WebMD.[18] No doubt Wales is proud of this achievement; it generates more traffic and hopefully more $5 and $10 donations. Although primarily devoted to conventional medicine, sites such as the prestigious Mayo Clinic (ranked in the top five for 20.8% of searches), WebMD (6% of times in the top five) and Medicinenet also provide beneficial and accurate information and advice about integrative and alternative medicine, naturopathic herbal and Chinese medicines, acupuncture and the health benefits of a vegetarian diet. No user visiting Wikipedia would ever gain access to such accurate information because Jimmy Wales has assured its visitors that non-conventional medicine will remain marginalized, falsified and worse, demonized.
In an interview with TechCrunch.com, Wikipedia’s Chief Revenue Officer, Lisa Gruwell, acknowledged the Wikimedia Foundation’s relationship with Google is the best among the tech giants and “partnerships” exist between them. Although the actual details of these “partnerships” are sketchy, during the 2017-2018 fiscal year Google donated over $1 million. Apple, Facebook, Microsoft, the liberal Tides Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and Omidyar Network Fund are other top donors.[19]
Many people use Wikipedia to self-diagnose themselves and seek medical solutions for illnesses they either have or imagine they have. Due to the vast inaccuracies in Wikipedia’s health pages, people are surely misdiagnosing themselves. This can be catastrophic, particularly for serious life-threatening diseases that might be ignored after referring to a Wikipedia article full of errors. In 2012, a British company Balance Activ conducted a survey of 1,000 women who were referring to “Dr. Google” to determine the cause of various symptoms they were experiencing. Twenty-five percent of the women were misdiagnosing themselves and treating themselves improperly.
By turning Inquisitional power over to Skeptics, Wales is paving the way for a new round of witch hunts and perhaps future legal trials against alternative and natural physicians. In the 1960s and 1970s, the American Medical Association’s Committee on Quackery made efforts to accuse and jail chiropractic doctors for fraud until a federal court found thatthe AMA engaged in a conspiracy in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1986. Throughout the 1990s, Stephen Barrett’s National Council Against Health Fraud took up the same mantle under the banner of Quackwatch to continue the persecution of non-conventional medical disciplines in courtrooms.[20] Wales turning Wikipedia’s health pages over to the Skeptics undoubtedly delights the pharmaceutical industrial complex, and the small faction of radicalized Science-Based Medicine doctors, such as Drs. Steven Novella, David Gorski, Harriet Hall, Paul Offit who are frequently cited as reliable sources by Wikipedia’s Skeptic editors. Aside from Offit, none are notable researchers or practitioners in their fields of specialty.
Although contemporary Skeptics’ strategies differ from the Quackbusters’ costly efforts to press legal charges against alternative health practitioners in the courts, their motives and goals are unchanged. Skeptics continue to rely upon the large Quackbuster database to reference condemnations against every discipline of non-conventional medicine and biographical character assassinations. Editorial fact-checking is absent. Yet it serves as a primary resource for Skeptics to go on the offensive. And Wikipedia continues to permit Barrett’s disreputable database to serve as a legitimate primary source for Wikipedia citations to destroy the careers of honest alternative health practitioners and advocates as well as visionary scientists and physicians who are looking outside the box of medicine’s orthodoxy to find new and safer ways to treat illnesses. Wales has proven himself to be another public enemy to health and well-being. And despite everything Wales has to say, Wikipedia has evolved in his image and now incorporates his biases and prejudices. And the encyclopedia is now a propaganda arm for Wales’ favoritisms, intolerance, and animosities.
The power of propaganda, according to Chomsky, “generates an irrational loyalty to an otherwise meaningless community [such as the Wikipedia community] that serves as a training ground for subordination to power and immature chauvinism.”[21] For all practical purposes Jimmy Wales is rabidly pro-corporate and a shallow thinker who adheres to and provides support to the irrational doctrines of pseudoskepticism. He has allowed his encyclopedia to deny the legitimacy to tens of thousands of health professionals practicing in the alternative fields of chiropractic, Chinese medicine, acupuncture, naturopathy, the nutritional sciences, homeopathy and other healing modalities. In some cases lives and careers have been destroyed by cretins skilled in the art of defamation. Yet if conventional medicine were to be such a savior, there would be no need for alternative medical treatments. If there was convincing scientific proof that the average American diet kept us healthy, trim and mentally fit, there would be no need for vegan diets or to purchase only organic produce. If our water, air and soil were truly clean, we would not be facing a growing epidemic of environmentally caused illnesses because our federal agencies would be advocates for health. Rather Wikipedia is an enabler for the worst conventional medicine has to offer and Wales intends to keep the public in the dark to prevent people from awakening to this fact.
The late Harvard political scientist Samuel Huntington observed that the wielders of power must keep a population in the dark. However, when people are exposed to the sunlight, power begins to evaporate. Throughout our series of over a dozen articles we have been unveiling the dark side of Jimmy Wales and his Wikimedia Foundation, the encyclopedia’s condemnation of non-conventional medicine, radicalized Skepticism, and the cult of Science Based Medicine. We will continue to do so because Wales does not deserve your dollar.
1 Horn A. “Wikipedia founder to fight fake news with new Wikitribune site,” The Guardian. April 24, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/apr/25/wikipedia-founder-jimmy-wales-to-fight-fake-news-with-new-wikitribune-site
2 Jimmy Wales interview with the Atlas Society. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43-wvNbXVxY
3 “Examples of bias in Wikipedia: conservative pesonalities.” Conservapedia. https://www.conservapedia.com/Examples_of_Bias_in_Wikipedia
4 Black, Edwin. “Wikipedia: Dumbing Down of World Knowledge.” History News Network. April 19, 2010
5 Andre Damon. “As social opposition mounts, Silicon Valley and Washington step up internet censorship.” World Socialist Web Site. September 4, 2018
6 “List of Atlantic Council Donors.” Think Tank Watch. http://www.thinktankwatch.com/2015/11/the-donors-of-atlantic-council.html
7 Sheldrake, Rupert. “The problem with negative media skepticism.” Skeptical About Skeptics. http://www.skepticalaboutskeptics.org/examining-skeptics/rupert-sheldrake/rupert-sheldrake-the-problem-with-negative-media-skepticism/
8 Viharo, Rome. Wikipedia, Please delete my article: Deepak Chopra’s Wiki-War,” Wikipedia We Have a Problem. July 8, 2016. http://wikipediawehaveaproblem.com/2016/07/wikipedia-please-delete-my-article-deepak-chopras-wiki-war-part-1/
9 Cabbolet, Marcoen. “Tell-tale sings of pseudoskepticism (bogus skepticism)” http://www.bmartin.cc/dissent/documents/Cabbolet15.pdf
11 Karlgaard, Rich. “Wikipedia censors global warming skeptics,” Forbes. June 6, 2008.
12 Oberhaus, Daniel. “Nearly All of Wikipedia Is Written By Just 1 Percent of Its Editors.” Vice. 7 Nov 2017.
https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/7x47bb/wikipedia-editors-elite-diversity-foundation
14 Viharo, Rome. “Factual harassment versus fictional harassment, Deepak Chopra’s Wikipedia article reflects larger problem,” Wikipedia We Have a Problem. March 26, 2016. http://wikipediawehaveaproblem.com/2016/03/factual-harassment-versus-fictional-harassment-wp-editor-manul-jytdog-and-deepak-chopra/
15 Chomsky, Noam. Propaganda and the Public Mind. Haymarket Books: Chicago, 2015
16 Black, Edwin. “Wikipedia: Dumbing Down of World Knowledge.” History News Network. April 19, 2010
17 “The Dark Side of Wikipedia.” Full Measure. 21 Aug 2016. http://fullmeasure.news/news/cover-story/the-dark-side-of-wikipedia
18 Laurent M, Vickers T. “Seeking Health Information Online: Does Wikipedia Matter” J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2009 July-Aug 1 6(4): 471-479.
19 Heater, Brian. “Are corporations that use Wikipedia giving back?” TechCrunch.com. March 24, 2018. “Wikimedia Foundation,” Left Exposed.org. http://leftexposed.org/2016/08/wikimedia-foundation/
20 Gale R, Null G. “Medical Despotism: The American Medical Association (AMA) Offensive Against Chiropractic,” June 3, 2018. https://www.globalresearch.ca/medical-despotism-the-american-medical-association-ama-offensive-against-chiropractic/5642840
21 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYlyb1Bx9Ic&t=250s
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You are here: Home › astronomy › Friedrich Bessel and the Distances of Stars
Friedrich Bessel and the Distances of Stars
astronomy, mathematics 22. July 2014 3 Harald Sack
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784-1846) [1]
On July 22, 1784, German mathematician and astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel was born. He is probably best known for his works in mathematics, where he discovered the eponymous Bessel-functions, which are critical for the solution of certain differential equations.
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel was born in Minden, Westphalia (today Germany), as second son of a civil servant. Bessel attended the Gymnasium in Minden for four years but he did not appear to be very talented, finding Latin difficult, although he later succeeded in teaching the ancient language to himself. At the age of 14 Bessel was apprenticed to the import-export concern Kulenkamp at Bremen. At first Bessel received no salary from the firm. The business’s reliance on cargo ships led him to turn his mathematical skills to problems in navigation. This in turn led to an interest in astronomy as a way of determining longitude.
In 1804 Bessel wrote a paper on Halley’s comet, calculating the orbit using data from observations made by Thomas Harriot and William Lower in 1607 [2]. This brought him to the attention of a major figure of German astronomy at the time, Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers, the leading comet expert of his time. Olbers recognised at once the quality of Bessel’s work and Olbers gave Bessel the task of making further observations to carry his work further. The resulting paper, at the level required for a doctoral dissertation, was published on Olbers’ recommendation. From that time on Bessel concentrated on astronomy, celestial mechanics and mathematics.
In 1806 Bessel accepted the post of assistant at the Lilienthal Observatory, which gave him valuable experience observing planets, in particular Saturn, its rings and satellites. He also observed comets and continued his study of celestial mechanics. In January 1810, at the age of 26, Bessel was appointed director of the new founded Königsberg Observatory by King Frederick William III of Prussia. There he published tables of atmospheric refraction derived from James Bradley’s observations of the positions of 3222 stars made around 1750 at Greenwich (Bradley was English Astronomer Royal from 1742 to 1762), which he had already began in 1807. While the observatory was still in construction Bessel elaborated the Fundamenta Astronomiae based on Bradley’s observations. It was not possible for Bessel to receive a professorship without first being granted the title of doctor. A doctorate was awarded by the University of Göttingen on the recommendation of Gauss, who had met Bessel in Bremen in 1807 and recognized his talents.
Since 1819 Bessel determined the position of over 50,000 stars assisted by some of his qualified students. With this work under his belt, Bessel was able to achieve the feat for which he is best remembered today: he is credited with being the first to use parallax in calculating the distance to a star. Bessel showed in 1838 that 61 Cygni, a star barely conceivable with the naked eye, apparently moved in an ellipse every year. This back and forth motion, called the annual parallax, could only be interpreted as being caused by the motion of Earth around the Sun. Astronomers had believed for some time that parallax would provide the first accurate measurement of interstellar distances—in fact, in the 1830s there was a fierce competition between astronomers to be the first to measure a stellar parallax accurately.
In 1838 Bessel publicly announced that 61 Cygni had a parallax of 0.314 arcseconds; which, given the diameter of the Earth’s orbit, indicated that the star is 10.3 lightyears away (by today’s measurement of 11.4 lightyears, Bessel’s estimation did only deviate by ca. 10%). Another major discovery by Bessel was that the two bright stars Sirius and Procyon execute minute motions that could be explained only by assuming that they had invisible companions disturbing their motions. The existence of such bodies, now named Sirius B and Procyon B, was confirmed with more powerful telescopes after Bessel’s death [3]. Besides these activities, he was ordered to undertake a geodetical survey of East Prussia (“Ostpreussische Gradmessungen”). From the differences between geodetical and astronomical coordinates, Bessel derived the figure of Earth as an oblated spheroid with ellipticity 1/299.15 (Bessel Normal Ellipsoid). Bessel also contributed significantly to mathematics and invented the so-called Bessel functions (also called cylindrical functions) in 1824.
Bessel died in Königsberg on March 17, 1846 at age 62 from a long mysterious disease which we now know was probably intestine cancer.
At yovisto you can learn more about astronomy in a popular lecture by Neil deGrasse Tyson at the University of Washington in Seattle.
References and Further Reading:
[1] Physics related Stamps
[2] Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel at McTutor History of Mathematics
[3] Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel at Britannica.com
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All articles related to mathematics
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Thony C 19. March 2017 at 17:08
Bessel was the first to publish the successful measurement of Stellar parallax. The first to successfully measure stellar parallax, however, was Thomas Henderson!
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Home » Government Affairs » Press Releases » 10/27/2006
The SBCA is Excited to Announce the Election of Jan Farrell to Chair the OTARD Subcommittee
The Satellite Broadcasting and CommunicationsAssociation (SBCA) is excited to announce the election of Jan Farrell, Assistant General Counsel, DirecTV, Inc., to Chair the OTARD Subcommittee. Farrell brings extensive experience working on regulatory issues and has been closely involved with the SBCA’s dealings on OTARD for seven years.
“I am honored to be elected by my peers to head the committee,” said Farrell. “The OTARD Subcommittee is vital to helping protect the rights of the satellite installer as well as the viewer and I look forward to working with the SBCA and other committee members on these important issues.”
The OTARD Subcommittee is one of several subcommittees within the SBCA’s Regulatory Affairs Department. It is responsible for evaluating, monitoring, enforcing, and educating interested parties on the workings of the Over-the-Air Reception Devices (OTARD) Rule.
The Satellite Broadcasting and Communications Association is the national trade organization representing all segments of the satellite industry. It is committed to expanding the utilization of satellite technology for the broadcast delivery of video, audio, data, music, voice, interactive, and broadband services. Additional information can be found at www.sbca.com.
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Sorted By Name
MURPHY, MARGARET L thru MURPHY, MARGARET M
A collection of links to genealogy details mentioned on other websites.
HINT: Use your browsers search function on this page to search for the birth place, birth date or the brides surname.
Home Page — Reference Library —
A new update activated in early July 2019 includes 109,340 victims of the War Relocation Projects during World War II, acquired from the National Archives and Records Administration; 318,738 names from death indices the State of Iowa posts as .pdf files such as this one, and 2,437,996 Indiana marriages 1993 to present. That last one may shake up the Indiana dating scene, purging cheaters, but do remember that the name alone does not identify somebody positively. We are always looking for more transcription projects. If you have any, or wish to suggest any, CLICK HERE
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All the material here is public information. Persons wanting names removed should CLICK HERE for our policy.
According to the sources:
Murphy, Margaret L., Rank: CPL, Branch: US ARMY, War: WORLD WAR II, was born 5 April 1924, died 19 May 2015, and was buried in Section COL-6, Row 590, Site A in Willamette National Cemetery in Portland, Oregon, United States of America. 109056341
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret L. Murphy.
Murphy, Margaret L., wife of Cecil Murphy, was born 18 December 1922, died 13 March 2014, and was buried in Section 15, Site 653 in Ft. Gibson National Cemetery in Fort Gibson, Oklahoma, United States of America. 109056342
Murphy, Margaret L., wife of Jerry Bruce Murphy, was born 19 October 1926, died 20 October 2005, and was buried in Section B, Row D, Site 29 in Washington State Veterans Cemetery in Medical Lake, Washington, United States of America. 109056343
Murphy, Margaret (Lane) died in 1861 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Haverhill, Volume 147, Page 197. 109056344
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret (Lane) Murphy.
MURPHY, Margaret Leah (daughter of Laverna [no surname shown] (mother) and German Murphy) was born 15 Sep 1911 in Emoryville, Mineral County, West Virginia, U.S.A.. 109056345
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret Leah MURPHY.
MURPHY, Margaret Leah married 31 Aug 1934 in Mineral, West Virginia, U.S.A. a groom named Graham E. Pifer. 109056346
Murphy, Margaret (Leary) died in 1887 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Boston, Volume 384, Page 376. 109056347
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret (Leary) Murphy.
Murphy, Margaret L. (Hallisey) died in 1903 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Melrose, Volume 37, Page 113. 109056349
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret L. (Hallisey) Murphy.
Murphy, Margaret Lilian was born in 1893 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Brockton, Volume 431, Page 601. 109056350
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret Lilian Murphy.
Murphy, Margaret Lillian was born in 1906 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Pittsfield, Volume 558, Page 105. 109056351
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret Lillian Murphy.
Murphy, Margaret Lillian, wife of Edwin M. Murphy, was born 1 April 1908, died 23 December 2014, and was buried in Section E, Site 33 in Houston National Cemetery in Houston, Texas, United States of America. 109056352
Murphy, Margaret (Linehan) died in 1886 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Boston, Volume 375, Page 60. 109056353
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret (Linehan) Murphy.
Murphy, Margaret Loretta married in 1910 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Cambridge, Volume 595, Page 394. 109056354
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret Loretta Murphy.
Murphy, Margaret Loretta was born in 1900 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Boston, Volume 499, Page 251. 109056355
Murphy, Margaret Louisa was born in 1853 according to a Massachusetts vital record for South Reading, Volume 73, Page 159. 109056356
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret Louisa Murphy.
Murphy, Margaret Louisa was born in 1874 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Boston, Volume 261, Page 118. 109056357
Murphy, Margaret Louisa was born in 1874 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Boston, Volume 261, Page 47. 109056358
MURPHY, Margaret Louise (mother) , and John T. Welshans, had a baby girl, Margaret Reynolds CLAYTON born 9 Oct 1881. 109056359
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret Louise MURPHY.
Murphy, Margaret Louise died in 1888 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Brockton, Volume 392, Page 344. 109056360
Murphy, Margaret Louise married in 1910 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Somerville, Volume 595, Page 705. 109056361
Murphy, Margaret Louise was born in 1897 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Watertown, Volume 467, Page 468. 109056362
Murphy, Margaret Louise was born in 1900 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Lynn, Volume 496, Page 515. 109056363
Murphy, Margaret Louise was born in 1900 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Springfield, Volume 497, Page 186. 109056364
Murphy, Margaret Louise was born in 1906 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Boston, Volume 561, Page 303. 109056365
MURPHY, Margaret Louz was born ABT 1887 in Belfast City, (daughter of Patrick Murphy) was in the 1901 census for Stannus Place, Lisburn, County Antrim, Ireland 109056366
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret Louz MURPHY.
Murphy, Margaret L. (Reardon) died in 1891 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Abington, Volume 419, Page 493. 109056367
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret L. (Reardon) Murphy.
Murphy, Margaret L. (Reardon) died in 1895 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Peabody, Volume 454, Page 543. 109056368
MURPHY, MARGARET LUCILLE was born 07 Oct 1927 in MINNESOTA (child of NISSEN (mother)) died 14 Sep 1988 in KANDIYOHI COUNTY, MINNESOTA, U.S.A. 109056369
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for MARGARET LUCILLE MURPHY.
MURPHY, MARGARET LUCY married 25 Oct 1899 in HENRY COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a groom named FRANK C REYNOLDS. 109056370
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for MARGARET LUCY MURPHY.
MURPHY, MARGARET LUCY was born 11 August 1924, and died in New Jersey, United States of America 13 February 2016, according to New Jersey death index entry number 20160008712
Special thanks to Reclaim the Records. 109056371
MURPHY, Margaret Lucy was born ABT 1883 in England, (daughter of John Murphy) was in the 1901 census for Paxton Street, Pottinger, County Down, Ireland 109056372
Murphy, Margaret Luella, wife of Edward J. Murphy, was born 31 October 1913, died 18 May 1987, and was buried in Section 19A, Site 1418 in Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California, United States of America. 109056373
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret Luella Murphy.
Murphy, Margaret (Lynn) died in 1910 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Attleborough, Volume 3, Page 296. 109056374
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for Margaret (Lynn) Murphy.
MURPHY, MARGARET M married a groom named CARMINE M ANTONELLI in the year 1951 on license number 14434 issued in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056375
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for MARGARET M MURPHY.
MURPHY, MARGARET M married a groom named CHARLES W JOHNSTON in the year 1951 on license number 366 issued in Queens, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056376
MURPHY, MARGARET M married a groom named MICHAEL JAMES CASLIN in the year 1960 on license number 2074 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056377
MURPHY, MARGARET M married a groom named PATRICK J O'BRIEN, JR. in the year 1970 on license number 5053 issued in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056378
MURPHY, MARGARET M married a groom named ROBERT V MC KENNA in the year 1972 on license number 6746 issued in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056379
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 04 Mar 1868 (child of KING (mother)) died 13 Oct 1960 in RAMSEY COUNTY, MINNESOTA, U.S.A. 109056380
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for MARGARET M. MURPHY.
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married JOHN M. CARDWELL II on 10 July 2002 using a marriage license issued in Howard County, Indiana, United States of America. 109056381
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named DANIEL F. GUEZ in the year 1974 on license number 1016 issued in Queens, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056382
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named EDWARD M. MARTIN in the year 1981 on license number 6431 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056383
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named EUGENE GORMAN in the year 1979 on license number 10749 issued in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056384
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named FELIX RAMIREZ in the year 1987 on license number 6230 issued in Bronx, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056385
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named FRANK S. HAGEN in the year 1974 on license number 6592 issued in Bronx, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056386
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named GEORGE F. SAUNDERS in the year 1982 on license number 26118 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056387
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named GORDON L. SZERLIP in the year 1988 on license number 19076 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056388
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named JAMES F. FITZGERALD in the year 1981 on license number 23566 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056389
Do you know a struggling cemetery?
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named JAMES P. MCALLISTER in the year 1974 on license number 12630 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056390
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named LAWRENCE B. SMITH in the year 1977 on license number 6924 issued in Queens, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056391
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named MICHAEL F. KELLY in the year 1977 on license number 5528 issued in Queens, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056392
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named NELSON J. ROSABAL in the year 1979 on license number 18386 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056393
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named PATRICK H. STROM in the year 1976 on license number 11600 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056394
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named PAUL G. ACER in the year 1984 on license number 28740 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056395
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named THOMAS J. MCSHEA in the year 1981 on license number 4336 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056396
MURPHY, MARGARET M. married a groom named WALDEMAR VINCENTY in the year 1977 on license number 18518 issued in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 109056397
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was 7 years old, residing in residence code 3102, when she died on 6 March 1957 in New York, U.S.A. 109056398
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was 80 years old, residing in residence code 4401, when she died on 7 May 1957 in New York, U.S.A. 109056399
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was 81 years old, residing in residence code 5726, when she died on 04 October 1962 in New York, U.S.A. 109056400
MURPHY, MARGARET M married 13 Oct 1892 in COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a groom named OLIVER L ANDERSON. 109056401
MURPHY, MARGARET M married 21 Dec 1892 in LA SALLE COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a groom named THOMAS E MORRISON. 109056402
MURPHY, MARGARET M married 22 Aug 1894 in BOONE COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a groom named ERNEST C HILL. 109056403
MURPHY, MARGARET M married 26 Oct 1859 in PERRY COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a groom named JAMES J HOGE. 109056404
MURPHY, MARGARET M married 5 Sep 1882 in JEFFERSON COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a groom named JEFFERSON D BRUCE. 109056405
MURPHY, MARGARET M married 8 Jul 1896 in LA SALLE COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a groom named FREDERICK W RETZMANN. 109056406
MURPHY, MARGARET M was born in 1913; died 17 Sep 1980; and was buried in West Warwick, Rhode Island. 109056407
MURPHY, MARGARET M was born 1829 in IRELAND (child of MCLAUGHLIN (mother)) died 06 Oct 1904 in HOUSTON COUNTY, MINNESOTA, U.S.A. 109056408
MURPHY, MARGARET M who was 25 (born ABT 1967) married 8 AUG 1992 in COLLIN COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a groom named KELLY H GRAHAM who was 32 (born ABT 1960). 109056409
MURPHY, MARGARET M who was 26 (born ABT 1942) married 2 NOV 1968 in TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a groom named LEONARD D JONES who was 22 (born ABT 1946). 109056410
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 01 December 1904, received Social Security number 031-16-4530 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died 14 March 2003 109056411
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 01 January 1935, received Social Security number 078-32-3793 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 13 May 2010 109056412
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 01 July 1913, received Social Security number 050-03-3029 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 11 October 1995 109056413
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 01 May 1909, received Social Security number 030-05-5842 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died 25 June 1996 109056414
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 01 May 1975, received Social Security number 600-58-6869 (indicating Arizona) and, Death Master File says, died May 1992 109056415
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 01 October 1907, received Social Security number 112-46-9226 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 29 January 1996 109056416
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 02 August 1905, received Social Security number 082-38-4684 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 08 November 1988 109056417
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 02 May 1918, received Social Security number 134-07-7399 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 14 March 2002 109056418
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 02 October 1927, received Social Security number 234-40-9255 (indicating West Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died 05 April 2011 109056419
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 03 April 1928, received Social Security number 017-22-2946 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died 11 March 1999 109056420
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 03 December 1907, received Social Security number 561-42-1145 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died 15 January 1996 109056421
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 03 February 1902, received Social Security number 025-10-1246 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died December 1990 109056422
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 03 May 1901, received Social Security number 029-30-6213 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died October 1989 109056423
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 03 November 1952, received Social Security number 408-88-9536 (indicating Tennessee) and, Death Master File says, died 08 February 2006 109056424
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 03 September 1899, received Social Security number 578-26-6557 (indicating District of Columbia) and, Death Master File says, died 09 July 1997 109056425
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 03 September 1925, received Social Security number 512-20-7837 (indicating Kansas) and, Death Master File says, died November 1991 109056426
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 04 August 1912, received Social Security number 437-20-5164 (indicating Louisiana) and, Death Master File says, died 02 July 2004 109056427
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 04 December 1911, received Social Security number 374-20-9834 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 12 September 2008 109056428
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 04 February 1925, received Social Security number 113-14-5577 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 03 November 2004 109056429
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 04 March 1913, received Social Security number 011-36-3526 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died 19 July 1993 109056430
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 04 November 1905, received Social Security number 061-18-9235 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 19 April 1988 109056431
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 04 September 1921, received Social Security number 076-16-2596 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 07 February 2004 109056433
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 05 February 1909, received Social Security number 516-03-5575 (indicating Montana) and, Death Master File says, died 23 February 2004 109056434
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 05 July 1918, received Social Security number 239-86-5636 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died 28 November 2006 109056435
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 05 October 1896, received Social Security number 489-10-9921 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died 09 October 1987 109056437
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 05 October 1927, received Social Security number 577-34-8055 (indicating District of Columbia) and, Death Master File says, died 29 March 2004 109056438
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 06 August 1981, received Social Security number 346-70-3608 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died 16 May 2001 109056439
MURPHY, MARGARET M. was born 06 February 1909, received Social Security number 390-56-1877 (indicating Wisconsin) and, Death Master File says, died 08 October 1995 109056440
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Review - Phaedra's Love - Red Letter Theater - 3-1/2 stars
“If only there’d been more moments like this...”
An Open Letter to Select Fellow Audience Members...
Dear Viewers of Phaedra’s Love,
First of all, the script is based (loosely) on the legend of Phaedra and Hippolytus. Her name’s in the title. It’s a legend where a woman is in love with her stepson. Granted, in most of the source material nothing ever happens between them. He’s a grown man. They’re not related by blood. It’s only technically incestuous. But it’s a story about incest.
Secondly, the script is by Sarah Kane. This playwright had a history of mental illness, depression in particular, and ended up hanging herself - while in a hospital to get treatment. (It’s all right there in your program.) What kind of a play do you think a person with that going on in their brain is going to write? Incest, bleak world view, doesn’t exactly promise a garden of posies and hand-holding now does it?
Third, they actually made an announcement over the loudspeaker in the theater when the house opened that there would be adult content. A verbal warning. At the Bryant Lake Bowl. Seriously?
During the course of the 75 minutes, someone is raped (from behind) and has their throat slit, two people commit suicide, someone has their genitalia cut off, and one person is disemboweled (and takes forever to finally die).
But what really bothered you, apparently, were the blow jobs.
Simulated blow jobs.
At no point do we actually see a human penis, mind you. (Or a butt, or even a breast.)
The masturbation (into a sock) at the top of the show didn’t trouble you any.
But the blow jobs, well, that required you to get up and leave the theater.
Which actually would have been fine.
If you hadn’t come back five minutes later.
Granted, neither of the blow jobs in question seemed like they were particularly pleasant for either of the parties involved.
And the second one seemed pretty gratuitous.
Which means (hilariously) that I must have perceived the first one to actually be germane to the plot.
But no one is particularly impressed with your righteous indignation, especially since it seems to be so incredibly short-lived.
“Well, I really can’t watch a fake blow job, but I have to see the rest of the play.”
Perhaps it was just your bladder calling you to the restroom, but the timing was fairly obvious.
Nothing - and I mean this, nothing on that stage was shocking.
Unless you’ve had your head up your own ass for the last ten years.
Between cable TV and the internet, Sarah Kane’s once incendiary taboo-smashing seems almost quaint.
So, if you know what you’re getting into, and even if you don’t, you’re not at home watching TV. If you’ll pardon the expression, suck it up, sit still, and watch the play. The rest of the audience can see you. The actors can see you. But you’re sitting in the dark. We all signed on for the same experience. Nobody cares if you’re offended. And nobody wants to watch you act out your own personal psychodrama.
Your behavior offended me far more than anything I saw on that stage the other night. Disrespect for artists and fellow audience members tends to rile me.
Get over yourself.
Oh. PS -
Blow me.
Now that I have that out of my system, how was the show?
Pretty damn good. The failings, I think, were more the fault of the script than the acting or directing. This was a well-executed showcase with which to launch a new theater company. Red Letter Theater couldn’t ask for a better calling card. Edgy script, regional premiere by name playwright, experienced (and in some cases also well-known) cast, sharp design - all very positive elements to have in the mix.
Heather Stone, fresh off her great work in the Fringe Festival as the title character in Sandbox Theatre’s “June of Arc,” here again plays the hapless title role in the festivities. Her Phaedra is wound pretty tight, and her impending undoing hangs like a cloud over the story at all times. Taking your eyes off her is almost impossible.
Jonathan Peterson does a fine three-part turn - first as the royal doctor, clinical and helpless; next as a well-meaning priest making a jail visitation (warning - gratuitous blow job alert); finally as the bereft and dangerously angry Theseus - home from abroad to find his wife dead and his son accused of having a large role in her fate. Peterson goes from supporting player to primal force at astonishing speed. He becomes the merciless hand of justice, and in this case justice is extremely blind, and deadly.
Nicholas Leeman has an uphill battle with the character of Hippolytus, since the playwright appears to be daring us to hate him (and the play) from the time the curtain opens. Hippolytus is slovenly, selfish, and uncaring of others’ feelings. He says and does awful things without a hint of remorse, often without even realizing their impact. Leeman’s character also got the lion’s share of the lines that had the audience gasping in disbelief, and the actor took full advantage of the ammunition he was given. The strange thing is that Leeman has the charisma that Hippolytus needs for us to buy that everyone’s so obsessed with him, but it’s almost as if he wasn’t allowed to use it. The performance is purposely tamped down, deadened, flattened out. Great for conveying ennui, not great for presenting an object of irrational desire. There are a couple of moments of genuine tenderness toward the very end when you almost like the guy (almost), but the vast majority of the time, compassion is not part of his makeup.
Here’s where it all kind of starts to come unglued - these characters are, at their most basic, just fundamentally annoying. They are people of means, of power, of leisure. It is only because they hold a lofty station in society that they have the luxury of becoming bored, oversexed, and obsessed. Boo-f*ckin’-hoo. Kane took these characters and made them human, but she also made them assholes. Poor Strophe (Larissa Shea) has the dubious honor of being the voice of reason for both her mother and stepbrother and everything she says is perfectly correct. She sees these people from the outside, and points out their absurdity. But she also leaves us no one to root for. This is where I think the script fails the actors and director. I don’t get the feeling they didn’t dig deeply enough, I just don’t think there’s any deeper to dig in this text. There is nothing noble about animals in heat, and that’s essentially what we’ve got here. It’s all instinct, no filters. People do colossally stupid things, and pay for it. But there’s no catharsis. These people aren’t falling from a great height. They’re already down in the gutter. They just poke their heads up for a moment and have them squashed back down again. They just have better clothes.
Speaking of better clothes, the design of “Phaedra’s Love” is great. The look of the production - set, props and costumes - is very sharp. When that red curtain first opens, Phaedra and Strophe are in black, head to toe, including their hair. The doctor and nurse, and all the set pieces (table, chairs, wheelchair, coat rack) are bright white. Hippolytus is in blue medical scrubs. There are red accents here and there, including a remote controlled toy car that has its own obscene cameo performance. Director David Hanzal concocted a vivid piece of design, which Megan Wannarka’s costumes and David Pipho’s wigs helped flesh out in a major way. It would be tempting to take short-cuts on the visuals when the words and acting are so central, but Red Letter wisely avoided that trap, giving the production a whole other layer of professionalism.
Not being acquainted with the script beforehand, it’s hard to tell whether the ending was a production choice or actually scripted the way it transpired. The reason I found myself questioning this is because of the way the production started. The play opens in silence, for several minutes, and nothing is explained to us. All the central characters and issues of the play, however, are made clear. Because there are no lines of dialogue, the audience is forced to watch closely, and make up their own minds who these people are and what’s going on. Because the physical language of the actors, and the visual language of the design are so clear and specific, we know what world we’re entering. It’s intense, and immediately draws the audience in.
Contrasting this silent opening, the end in this production is narrated by Phaedra (or rather, her spirit). But I had the nagging feeling that these were stage directions (very engaging stage directions, but stage directions nonetheless) being read to us, rather than actual lines. This wasn’t because of the performance. Stone gives us an anchor in the middle of the play’s final minutes of chaos by threading it all together with her voice. However, all the events of the end of the play, though chaotic, were clear without this narration. This again was partly due to acting, partly due to design. All the characters were clear from the way they were performed. Additionally, the costumes reinforced who was who - despite the fact that two of the actors were characters in disguise. The audience could tell who they were underneath. Again, we didn’t need the explanation. Even Phaedra could still appear, silently, and have her moment of reconciliation with Hippolytus, without the benefit of lines. Kane’s script, up until that sequence, never seemed to feel the need to explain itself or offer any kind of omniscient perspective, so I’m not sure I buy that she suddenly changed her writing tactics because she was worried it would be too hard for the audience to follow. Kane seems to demand that her audience pay attention and keep up. She doesn’t disregard the audience, but she gives them credit for a lot more than most scripts would. Because of that aesthetic on the part of the author, here it felt like instead it was the production which wasn’t trusting us to keep up and follow along. Whether it was indeed the script or the production’s choice, it felt strange to suddenly layer on that tissue of words over top of the action that late in the game. But there’s a lot of strange (good, bad, and indifferent) going on in “Phaedra’s Love,” so it’s probably a wash.
“Phaedra’s Love” was a one-weekend only affair, ending Sunday, August 30th at 7pm at the Bryant Lake Bowl. But after seeing this, I’m very interested to see what Red Letter Theater is up to next.
More information at www.redlettertheater.com
Labels: 3-1/2 Stars - Good Job Plus, Theater reviews
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Fringe 2009 - Review - That Chair Was My Wife - 4 ...
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More state administration recruited
Top Channel has secured official documents that prove a flux of recruitings in the recent months in public agencies and
companies, mainly dependant to the Ministry of Economy.
According to the documentation, only in the last days of March and in the first days of April, the Director of the National Agency for Natural Resources, Gjergji Thomai, has signed the recruitment of dozens of employees, adding by 23% the staff of the institutions that he runs. The director of this agency says that the new structure has been approved by the Direction Board of this institution and the Ministry of Finances, hence it is completely legal.
According to them, the new recruitments have been necessary to accomplish the new duties that this law assigns to this institution, although the latter was approved in May 2010, while the recruitments were done this April, only two weeks before the elections.
But this agency is not the only public institution that has hired mroe people. The Albpetrol Company has also had a flux of recruitments in the last two months. Albpetrol is one of most misused public companies and frequently utilized for electoral purposes.
The signals for expense increase on wages are also indicated by official data. According to the Ministry of Finances, the budget expenses on wages in the first three months of this year were 25% higher than the same period of the previous year. This cannot be justified by wage increase, the highest of which has been 10%. Every time that the country is undergoing an election process, wage expenses increase by damaging the tax payers’ pockets and oppose the promises of the Democratic Party for a small administrations and “government on diet”.
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Tweets by topchannel_eng
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A small crowd at the back of an Irish pub in the middle of the fucking desert
Geldof finds his level ;-)
Bob Geldof was in Dubai to speak at an DIHAD, an international development conference. He also found time to perform at The Irish Village, which is Ireland' own little corner of Dubai and sports a few Irish pubs and a large garden area. It's a pretty good venue with a capicity, by my estimate, of less than a 1,000 and decent acoustics given its outdoors. Geldof didn't quite see it that way, bemoaning the fact that his career had come to performing to 'a small crowd at the back of an Irish pub in the middle of the fucking desert'.
http://zalam.typepad.com/omar_salem/international_development/
Geldof gets IRMA award
Bob Geldof is the third recipient of the IRMA Honours award.
The award, which is organised by the Irish Recorded Music Industry recognises the outstanding talent and contribution of an artist or individual to Irish music.
Previous award winners are Christy Moore and Larry Gogan.
"The last time I came back I was given the freedom of my home town and now the people that I grew up with are here tonight so I'll really be getting the prize from them. There is nowhere else on the planet I'd rather be and no other people that I'd want to be with than those here
"Thanks to the IRMA and the Rats who were a great band. It's great to be Irish and come back and see Ireland suddenly change for the better.
"Irish people used not to be taken seriously. Now we are, in terms of music, as Ireland has become a brilliant place for music.
"The music ones (awards) are the ones that count for me because that's what I think I do. I've got a lifetime achievement in Britain and America and Europe but I've never seen the people who I grew up with or who helped the Rats get started ever be part of one of these things.
"So the people who owned the record store in Dun Laoghaire ... people who helped us at the beginning get gigs, they are all here plus the bands that followed the Rats, like The Radiators, The Pogues, I suppose U2, The Thrills. To have a whole generation who helped make that change in music means more to me than being in London in a posh hotel with people who would be considered major, major stars
"Of course I understand that the Boomtown Rats unto themselves wouldn't get it, that the Boomtown Rats plus my solo thing wouldn't get it - I know that but don't forget that Live 8, Live Aid and Band Aid came out of music.
"I know how to do gigs and TV out of music, so if I hadn't been in this little band from Dun Laoghaire,that cranked up one summer afternoon 30 years ago none of this would have happened."
http://www.irma.ie
A small crowd at the back of an Irish pub in the m...
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U.S. Recession Worse Than Previously Estimated
Today the advance second quarter GDP estimate was released. Perhaps more interesting, especially since that advance estimate will be revised at least half a dozen times, was the annual revision of previous numbers. I have previously noted that these annual revisions systematically revise down previous estimates (on average, a few individual quarters are in some cases revised up). That was the case this time too, though an extra twist for numbers released this time was included. More on that below.
Before I get to the revisions, I should briefly comment on the second quarter number. It showed that the second derivative was indeed positive, although the first derivative remained negative, or in other words that output continued to contract, but at a slower pace. Just how dramatic this slowdown was depends on whether you focus on the headline volume number or my preferred terms of trade adjusted number. The headline volume number was -1.0% compared to a downwardly revised -6.4% in the first quarter. But because terms of trade deteriorated in the second quarter after having significantly improved in the first quarter, the terms of trade adjusted was a lot smaller, from -3.1% in the first quarter to -1.5% in the second quarter.
Moreover, most of the improvement didn't reflect any improvement in the private sector, but increased government purchases. So if you look at the details, you can see that most of the apparent improvement reflects increased inflation and government spending, rather than any real private sector recovery.
The revisions of previous quarters show, as did all the previous annual revisions, significant downward revisions of numbers released previous quarters. Although a few quarters were upwardly revised (most notably Q4 2007, which was revised from -0.2% to 2.1% in volume terms (In terms of trade adjusted terms it was revised up somewhat less, from -1.6% to -0.1%)), most quarters were revised down. This was particularly true between Q1 2008 and Q3 2008, where (in volume terms) it was revised down from 0.9%, 2.8% and -0.5% to -0.7%, 1.5% and -2,7% respectively (In terms of trade adjusted terms it was revised down from 0.0%, -0.1% and -1.1% to -2.2%, -0.6% and -3.0% respectively).
After these revisions, this recession is now both the deepest and the longest since the 1930s.
Because this report also revised the annual benchmark from 2000 to 2005, even older numbers were also revised. These revisions were actually mostly positive unlike those for 2007-08. The upward revision was mostly for the years of 1998 to 2002, where GDP was upwardly revised by a total of 1.4%. If these new numbers are to be believed then the 2001 recession was even more shallow than we previously thought and the 1990s boom even greater. But this greater success was only achieved at the price of a greater crisis now.
posted by stefankarlsson at 9:36 PM 0 comments
Can Higher Minimum Wages Increase Employment?
The debate over minimum wages, after having been more or less dead for quite some time, has again been revived to a limited extent after last week's increase in the federal minimum wage in America from $6.55 per hour to $7.25 per hour. This was the third and final 70 cent increase decided in 2007 when minimum wages was only $5.15 per hour.
Most people, and that includes me, thinks that minimum wages (unless they're so low that they will have no impact on anyone) will increase real wages for some low productive workers, but will also make other low productive workers unemployed. However, because the federal minimum wage was so low to begin with (and because many states had already imposed a higher minimum wage) it seems likely that both the wage increasing and the job destroying effect will be small.
However, as anyone who has studied neoclassical labor economics in Universities know (if they paid attention), there is actually a theoretical scenario where (allegedly) higher minimum wages can increase employment of low productive workers.
For those of you who haven't taken such courses, or didn't pay attention, I'll give a brief summary of the theory:
In a perfectly competitive market, any minimum wage above the marginal value of some worker's work effort will increase unemployment as employers will not find it profitable to hire these workers. However, if the market is not perfectly competitive and employers have a monopsonic market position then this supposedly changes.
Monopsony, in case you didn't know is like monopoly, only it is the buyer, and not the seller who has the advantage. In this context Monopsony is more strictly defined as an employer whose marginal cost of labor (the increase in labor costs caused by the decision to hire a worker or several workers ) is significantly above the direct labor cost (the amount of wages/salaries and benefits paid to the worker plus payroll taxes).
If the employer is in a perfectly competitive market, where the decision to hire or not will not affect wages, then the marginal cost of labor will be equal to the direct labor cost. But if the market is monopsonic, then a decision to hire more workers will have a higher marginal cost of labor than the direct labor cost of these additional workers. The reason for that is that if the company in order to attract more workers must pay them a higher wage than they paid their previous workers, then this will supposedly also force them to pay their previous workers more. As a result, the marginal cost of labor for these new workers will be higher than the wages and benefits that the new workers received.
To illustrate this with a numerical example, take a company with say 1,000 workers earning $5.75 per hours. Assume then that the company wants to hire 200 more workers but that this will require them to pay say $6.50 per hours. Assume further that the company would then have to pay the old 1,000 workers $6.50 per hours. Assume further that the extra value of these new workers would be $8 per hours.
If the minimum wage was say $5.15 per hour, then the additional workers would bring in $1,600 per hours while costing directly $1,300. But since the hiring of these new workers would also mean that the old workers would have to pay $750 extra, the company would lose $450 by hiring these workers.
But if the minimum wage was say $7.25 per hours, then the additional workers would still bring in $1,600 per hour while costing directly $1,450. However, since the cost of the old workers wouldn't increase in this scenario (The company needed to pay $6.50 per hour to attract the new workers and since the $7.25 pay would meet that requirement and since the old workers already earned that amount no need would exist to raise their pay).
So the conclusion is that with a $7.25 per hour minimum wage 200 more people would get a job than with a $5.15 per hour minimum wage.
When you first hear about it might seen like a sophisticated and also plausible theory. It is also correct-assuming two strict condititions:
1) That everyone at a company must receive basically equal pay.
2) That the decision to enter/leave a market is ignored.
The first condition seems very dubious to say the least. Most companies have individual wage/salary negotiations. If one worker is more productive and/or some other alternative job offer that other workers don't have, then it is likely that management will pay him more than others. Because workers often differ so much they are partially "monopolistic", canceling out the "monopsonistic" powers of the employers.
The second condition is simply outright false. But if the marginal product of workers is $8 an hour and their pay is $7.25 why would any entrepreneur want to leave the business or abstain from entering? Because business have a lot of other costs, you know like rent, interest, the cost of input goods etc. These fixed costs (from the point of view of hiring decisions) have to be covered by the gross profit earned from workers. With a $5.15 minimum wage, the gross profit is $2,250 per hour (($8.00-$5.75)*1,000). With a $7.25 minimum wage, the profit is only $900(($8,00-$7.25)*1,200). In all too many case this much lower gross profit will be too low to cover these fixed costs, putting these companies out of business.
So, I think we can clearly establish that the increase in minimum wage will destroy a great number of actual and potential businesses. Now many will wonder if it can be established whether this effect will be smaller or greater than the potential increase in employees in companies who will still have gross profits large enought to survive.
There are two reasons for believing that the job destroying effect will be larger. First of all because as noted above the monopsony assumption in determining wages is unrealistic. And secondly and more importantly because the effect of reduced gross profits will mean fewer suppliers, which directly or indirectly will raise prices which in turn will reduce demand for these products.
Wrecking Your Currency Key To Prosperity?
Europe's perhaps foremost pro-inflationist columnist, Ambrose Evans-Pritchard at the Telegraph, is holding up Iceland as an economic role model. No, I am not kidding, follow the link if you don't believe me.
His article are full of misleading or false assertions meant to deceive the reader. Contrary to his assertions of "stabilization", unemployment has risen far more in Iceland than in the euro area. While unemployment is now quite similar, it used to be (for structural reasons unrekated to monetary policy far lower in Iceland).
He further claims that Iceland has seen rising exports. Which is true, but only in terms of Icelandic kronas. In terms of just about any other currency it has however dropped significantly. To understand why measuring exports in terms of ISK, remember that Zimbabwe saw dramatic increases in exports in terms of Zimbabwe dollar before that currency vanished (Just like it saw dramatic increases in wealth generally in terms of Zimbabwe dollars)....
He of course also leaves out that with an increase in unemployment from 3.1% to 9.1%, even as the participation ("activity") rate declined from 84% to 81.9% and the average work week dropped from 40.8 hours to 38.9 hours and the average real wage dropped 8.2%, we're talking about a total real income reduction of about 20% in Iceland. That is not "magic[ally positive]", even in the context of this crisis.
The near collapse of the ISK hasn't exactly brought much good to Iceland, in other words. And recommending it as a general policy is even more senseless, because as I've explained before, relative exchange rates are zero sum games, meaning that it is impossible for everyone to devalue against each other. Yet the damage done to others through devaluation will help conceal the damage that policy does to the devaluing country.
posted by stefankarlsson at 11:38 AM 1 comments
Michigan Government As A Role Model?
Via the Planet Gore blog that Obama called Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm one of "the best governors in the country."
If Obama really sees Michigan as a role model, then America is in for real trouble, given that Michigan has the by far highest unemployment rate in America, at 15.2% compared to the national average of 9.5% and 12.4% in Rhode Island and 11.6% in California.
To be fair, that can't entirely be blamed on Granholm. The state of Michigan is ground zero in the breakdown in U.S. car manufacturing and Michigan would likely have had above average unemployment under any governor.
But Granholm have made matters worse through here left-liberal policies, with for example a minimum wage significantly above the average (though the federal increase enacted two days ago have reduced that difference) and most importantly her environmentalist zeal that have not only included not fighting the federal fuel mileage standards that have hurt Detroit car makers, but also wasting hugh sums of money on "renewable energy" projects.
Now Granholm and her fellow Michigan Democrats plan to go even further by further increases in regulation, including an increase in the minimum wage to $10 per hour, increasing state unemployment benefits (using what money?)a one year moratorium on foreclosures, mandating businesses to provide health care for workers and force energy producers to reduce their rates by 20%.
The latter proposal is especially stupid since they at the same time tries to make energy producers to rely on more expensive ("renewable") energy sources. Unless the state of Michigan dramatically increases subsidies (again, using what money?) this will result in power shortages and blackouts, something which will further damage Michigan's business climate.
As these crazy policies are indirectly praised by Obama, America should be very worried.
Latvia vs. Argentina
Steve Hanke has an interesting column describing the differences between Latvia's current situation and Argentina's in 2001, superficial similarities notwithstanding.
A Challenge To (Non-Austrian) Readers
Last month I had a quiz for readers about interest rates, and wrote that I might have more of them, but not necessarily about interest rates.
Now I have a new one, though it differs in important aspects from the previous quiz. Most importantly perhaps is that while I knew the answer the last time, I don't know the answer this time. Or more correctly, I don't think there is an answer. The reason I am having this quiz is to make me more sure about this: To either confirm the belief by absence of valid answers, or to finally enable me to see at least some positive aspects of this practice.
The question is about the use of mathematical modeling in economics. I have repeatedly pointed out the problems with that approach (for example here). What really strikes me though is that I have yet to find a single advocate of that approach really point to any positive function with it in helping to understand the real world. I have directly asked a lot of them, both teachers and others, yet no one has come up with a positive answer.
Usually they have either chosen to ignore the question (as was the case when I asked Menzie Chinn about it in this comment thread), or they come up with irrelevant answers. Examples of the latter include that they think the math is (and I quote) "beautiful" (Which is nice for them, but not for those of us with different esthetical preferences), that math is more "precise" (Which might be true in some cases (though not all), and even in those cases this comes at the cost of the realism of the theory) or that in order to be a science, economics must use math (which is nonsense, as there are lots of sciences that don't use math).
Some defenders also try to deter criticism by the use of insulting hints about the intelligence of heretics. Another line of defense against critics that point to the unrealism created by mathematical modeling is that bad theories have arisen without mathematical modeling. That is true, but is no real defense of the practice, anymore than the fact that some people die prematurely even though they receive good medical care is a defense of the use of witchcraft to cure diseases. Verbal praxeological reasoning enables you to reach the truth, but since people can do it wrong it doesn't guarantee it. Mathematical modeling will by contrast at best (like witchcraft in the case of medical care) be useless in reaching the truth, and will usually be counterproductive.
The quiz, or challenge here, is then for someone to name a (or several) theoretical insight about the real world that mathematical modeling has produced. Obviously, "theoretical insights" that are unrealistic don't count. And neither does empirical findings through econometrics count, as they, even if valid in some sense, are not theoretical. I'll return later to that issue. For now, the focus will be on theoretical mathematical modeling. Since the Austrian part of my readership presumably agrees with me, they will likely be as unable as I am to name a theoretical insight about the real world created through mathematical modeling. The question here is then whether any of the many non-Austrians that I know are reading this will be able to come up with a valid example. I doubt it, but I will find attempts to do so interesting.
posted by stefankarlsson at 8:05 AM 8 comments
China Lifts Asia
Today's GDP report from South Korea confirmed what earlier reports from China and Singapore indicated: that the East Asian economies are recovering.
Unlike the U.S. "recovery" which really hasn't been a recovery since output has continued to contract (only at a slower pace), this is a real recovery with expanding output. After the initial shock from the financial turmoil last year and the big drop in exports to America and Europe, Asians are now relying on growing domestic demand in China. In the case of South Korea, we are for example seeing a record trade surplus, mainly due to increasing exports to China.
This recovery will likely continue, though it faces two threats, one near-term and another somewhat further into the future. The near-term threat is the risk of a "third wave" of financial turmoil this fall (similar to the financial turmoil in the fall of 2007 and 2008) as monetary conditions are becoming tighter in America. The second threat is the excess money supply growth in China, which could create more malinvestments there and slow future growth.
Bernanke's Exit Strategy
Seeking to calm fears about future inflation, Ben Bernanke wrote an op-ed in the Wall Street Journal, which essentially simply stated that if the FOMC wanted to tighten policy, they can. Well, thank you for telling us what most of us already knew.
However, the point is that while no one doubts that the Fed can tighten policy, the really relevant question is will they dare to do so. As I pointed out in a previous post, inflation will reappear long before "full employment" or "closed output gap" will be reached, meaning that the Fed will have to either allow inflation to get out of hand or allow a 1937-style double dip depression.
But either way, it won't make the problems created by previous inflation go away. It will only affect when and in what form they will be manifested.
posted by stefankarlsson at 10:12 PM 0 comments
The Latest On The Baltic States And The Swedish Banks Who Operate There
The current account surpluses in Estonia and Lavia continues to increase to increasingly significant levels. Both are now experiencing significant surpluses after having just two years ago experienced extremely large (We're talking of current account deficits of 15-25% of GDP) deficits. In relative terms that makes the American adjustment that Brad Setser is so excited about appear trivial in comparison.
I am not sure about whether actual balance of payment accounting takes these effects into account, but whether or not the statistics reflects it, it seems clear that certain Swedish banks (meaning primarily Swedbank and and only to a slightly lesser extent also SEB) that through reckless lending standards was responsible for the boom-bust cycle that wrecked the Baltic economies, are paying the price for that by showing significant losses in the case of Swedbank and no profits in the case of SEB.
By contrast, another major Swedish bank, Handelsbanken, who is renowned for more prudent lending standards and who never had any significant Baltic exposure, is actually showing a small increase in its profits. This illustrates that strategic choices by management does matter in rewarding winners and losers-as Swedbank and SEB are now paying the price for the reckless lending standards of their Baltic subsidiaries while Handelsbanken is seeing its more prudent strategy vindicated.
Mario Rizzo On Failure Of Macroeconomics
I've already discussed the subject twice (first and foremost here, but also here) after The Economist's articles about the failure of academic (non-Austrian) macroeconomics.
A reader tipped me about this take from Mario Rizzo, which is also good.
Chinese Imports Behind Job Decline? I Don't Think So....
This is what apparently passes as scholarship on Universities these days. Peter Morici, Professor at the Maryland School of Business comes up with this explanation of job losses:
"Since December 2007, the private sector has shed 6.6 million jobs-half in manufacturing and construction. Lousy banking practices and a surge in imports, mostly from China, are the main culprits but are not getting fixed."
Well, if surging Chinese imports really is the problem, then that problem has definitely been fixed. Because normally, an 18% decline (the percentage by which U.S. imports from China declined between May 2008 and May 2009) would not qualify as "a surge in".
Oh Really?
Mark Gertler, economics professor at New York University writes this in response to the articles in The Economist documenting the failure of economics:
"Here I think, though, that both the mainstream media and the blogosphere have been confusing a failure to anticipate the crisis with a failure to have the research available to comprehend it. Predicting the crisis would have required foreseeing the risks posed by the shadow banking system, which were missed not only by academic economists, but by just about everyone else on the planet (including the ratings agencies!)."
Oh really, I think I did predict it, without considering the effects of the shadow banking system. The reason for that was that the shadow banking system had, at most, only a trivial role in the crisis, as is illustrated by the great boom in official bank lending in America, and the fact that many other countries without a significant shadow banking system experienced similar bubbles.
Austrian business cycle theory was quite sufficient to predict the crisis. The fact that most economists instead focus on obviously irrelevant red herrings like the "shadow banking system" only further illustrates how failed their paradigm is.
Carbon Tariffs?
Paul Krugman endorses this NY Times editorial, somewhat surprisingly since apart from generally endorsing the goal of reducing carbon emissions it really contradicts what Krugman says.
First of all, it points out that unilateral carbon tariffs is likely to spark a trade war with countries like China and India, something which would harm America (or Europe) as much as these countries, and they therefore don't think it is a good idea.
Secondly, they also point out that unless carbon tariffs are imposed, efforts in America and Europe to reduce carbon emissions would only have a trivial effect on global carbon emissions, since these carbon emission reductions would lower the price of oil and coal and so likely increase its use in China and India, thus offsetting the reductions in America and Europe.
It could here be added that even carbon tariffs will not likely provide enough incentive since American and European goods will still be disadvantaged in markets outside of America and Europe.
And there is really little chance that China and India will really voluntarily agree to reduce its emissions. Here is what the Indian spokesman on the issue said:
"India will not accept any emission-reduction target -- period. This is a non-negotiable stand."
In case you wonder why they take that position and are unlikely to change their position, see this video from the Competitive Enterprise Institute about the suffering that carbon emission cuts would create:
The Failure Of The Economist On The Failure Of Economics
I once liked The Economist. While it was never perfect, it still made a lot more sense than for example Business Week and often implicitly or even explicitly praised Austrian insights. These Austrian insights were mixed with some Keynesian theories, but semi-Austrian still beats non-Austrian.
Since the start of the recession that The Economists and others warned about based on Austrian analysis, however, it has ironically abandoned its partial embrace of Austrian analysis and reverted back to pure Keynesianism.
One example of this is in the latest issue where they discuss the pressing issue of the failure of [non-Austrian] economics, both in a leader as well as in one article about macroeconomics and one about financial economics.
The article conspicuously leaves out any mentioning of Austrian economics, or the role that the use of advanced mathematics played in overlooking the problems. They do however focus on the false alternative of Keynesianism vs. New Classical "perfect markets" doctrines, with the upshot that the Keynesians were right all along.
The finance article is really the only one which makes at least some sense, as it points out the unrealistic nature of many of the assumptions of the Efficient Market Hypothesis and some of its logical contradictions. And it admits that neoclassical financial economics really can't explain (phrased in euphemistic terms as "Financial economists also need better theories of...") many aspects of modern financial markets. But again, it leaves out how Austrian economists like me have already solved most of these apparent puzzles.
So in conclusion, as refreshing as it is to see The Economist expose the failures of neoclassical economics, it is depressing to see that they fail to see why it has gone wrong and how they have forgotten the insights they once displayed-at the very time when those insights have proven themselves more correct and relevant than ever.
Scott Sumner's Stock Market Theory
Scott Sumner, who's "Nominal GDP (NGDP) target"-theory I analyzed here have a post with a misleading and (presumably deliberately) provocative title "The Fed should create the mother of all stock market bubbles, permanently".
It is misleading because the first impression you get is that he wants the Fed to target the stock market. But as he points out, you can't really target more than one thing at once, so that would conflict with his NGDP target.
No, if you read through the post you can see that what he is really saying is that his NGDP target will create a permanent high plateau for stock prices.
As empirical evidence for his theory, he cites how stock markets crashed right in 1929 and 2008, right before there was a dramatic drop in NGDP growth. What he overlooks is that stock market crashed (particularly in real terms) in the 1970s and in 2000-02, despite the fact that NGDP growth increased or were relatively stable.
Perhaps Sumner would protest that he focuses on "expected" NGDP growth and not actual, but since there is no way to measure these expectations, that would make empirical references completely meaningless.
Analyzing instead this from a purely theoretical point, Sumner's theory makes little sense. It is true that under certain conditions with for example nominal wage rigidity that a sudden sharp drop in NGDP growth will reduce profits, and therefore also likely stock prices. However, even under constant NGDP growth, profits can be under big pressure, if there is a sharp increase in cost pressures. In that case, businesses would be forced to either reduce gross margins (bad for profits) by not raising prices or reduce volumes and therefore also reduce capacity utilization (also bad for profits as it increases fixed costs per unit). Either way, profits will be squeezed-something which in turn will depress stock prices. This scenario is a pretty good description of the 1970s bear market.
Another way in which a bear market can arise under constant NGDP growth is if over investments causes so much overcapacity that businesses will have to cut prices given the increased volumes, something which will reduce gross margins (bad for profits), or they will have to restrict volumes and therefore also reduce capacity utilization (again bad for profits).Either way, profits will be squeezed-something which in turn will depress stock prices. This scenario is a pretty good description of the 1970s bear market.
So no, NGDP targeting will not create the permanent high plateau from Irving Fisher's wishful thinking.
Most Euro Area Countries Fails Inflation Entry Criteria
Today Eurostat released detailed inflation statistics for the EU-and a few non-EU countries. The trends that I previously described, where the relative inflation/deflation rate of countries with bursted bubbles continues to decline, remains intact. Ireland for example now has the by far lowest inflation rate, at -2.2%. Estonia has now seen its rate fall below the average to -0.5%. And while Latvia at 3.1% is still above the -0.1% average, its relative inflation rate is falling faster than anywhere else, at more than a percentage point per month.
One new, interesting observation is that with regards to the formal inflation criteria for euro area entry, only 6 out of 15 existing euro area economies(data for the 16th member, France is not available), or less than half, would meet that criteria. The criterion is that inflation shouldn't be more than 1.5% above the average of the three EU countries with the lowest inflation rate. The 3 countries with the lowest inflation rate are: Ireland (-2.2%), Portugal (-1.6%) and Spain/Belgium/Luxembourg (all having -1.0%). The average of -2.2, -1.6 and -1.0 is of course -1.6, and so any country with an inflation rate above -0.1% would be ineligible.
Apart from the already mentioned countries, only Austria falls below -0.1%, meaning that 9 out of 15 would fail the test. To those convinced the criteria’s makes sense that would provide evidence against the idea of monetary unions. For those of us (yes, that includes me) who however do not think the criteria’s makes sense, it simply illustrates why they don't make sense.
"Macroeconomists Couldn't Keep Up"
The Free Exchange, the blog at The Economist, offers this excuse to why the vast majority of macroeconomists couldn't see the housing bubble and the crisis that it caused:
"I have a hunch that not a great many macroeconomists paid much attention to all the different kind of credit systems we have. And I can't be sure because I don't keep up with everything they write, but I think maybe the financial markets became much more complicated than they used to be. And as a result, maybe the macroeconomists just couldn't keep up with all of that."
Actually, all you needed to see the problems was Austrian business cycle theory. If macroeconomists had only studied that instead of Lagrange multipliers, then maybe they could have made some predictions relevant to the real world.
Methodological Point Illustrated
In the introduction to America's Great Depression, Murray Rothbard writes:
"Suppose a theory asserts that a certain policy will cure a depression. The government, obedient to the theory, puts the policy into effect. The depression is not cured. The critics and advocates of the theory now leap to the fore with interpretations. The critics say that failure proves the theory incorrect. The advocates say that the government erred in not pursuing the theory boldly enough, and that what is needed is stronger measures in the same direction. Now the point is that empirically there is no possible way of deciding between them. Where is the empirical "test" to resolve the debate? How can the government rationally decide upon its next step? Clearly, the only possible way of resolving the issue is in the realm of pure theory-by examining the conflicting premises and chains of reasoning."
This hypothetical empirical test is not so hypothetical in today's America. Indeed, if I didn't know better, I would have thought that Rothbard described the current debate.
The U.S. government, obedient to Keynesian theories has pursued Keynesian policies. This has not ended the economic slump and the rise in unemployment. Republican critics like Rush Limbaugh say that the failure to lift the economy proves that the policy has a mistake, while Keynesian Paul Krugman argues that this only proves that the stimulus wasn't big enough and that a second stimulus is needed.
Since we can't study some kind of alternate universe where everything is equal to this reality except there was no stimulus, or where the stimulus was much bigger, we can't based on the empirical record alone decide who is right. Combined with theory and more detailed data, however, the empirical record can however give us a hint of how big the effect is-and whether the net effect is positive or negative.
Mish & Bob Murphy, On Deflation, Money Supply & Credit
Bob Murphy has an article on Mises.org criticizing Mike "Mish" Shedlock's deflationist views.
I basically agree with Murphy's main point, namely that what matters for price inflation is not the quantity of credit, but the quantity of money.
The reason why a higher money supply raises prices is because money represents a claim to real goods and services, and more claims to goods and services will given a certain amount of actual goods and services reduce the purchasing power of money. By contrast, a pure credit transaction which does not increase money supply will not raise prices, as the increased ability of the borrower to buy goods and services is cancelled out by the reduced ability of the lender to buy goods and services.
It was for this reason that Mish missed out on the big commodity price rally earlier this year, when money supply was booming while bank credit was stagnating (and even contracting somewhat).
Also, Mish is wrong to assert that central banks can't create inflation using sufficiently radical measures (Think about what legalizing counterfeiting would do, or if that is too anarchistic to you, how about the Fed sending a million dollar in cash to every American).
However, the recent deceleration of money supply growth suggests that in the short term, we may (It is not certain-but not implausible either) see another period of deflation.
In the current monetary system, where most money exists as deposits within a fractional reserve based system, money supply simply cannot (except for one scenario analyzed below) in the long run expand much faster than credit. Money supply growth can outpace credit growth for some time as long as banks substitute longer term financing for financing through money like deposits, but sooner or later (theoretically the end would be when 100% of financing comes through money like deposits, but in practice the process will end sooner)this substitution will not be able to go on.
So, while credit is not directly relevant as Mish claims, it is indirectly relevant, and for this reason it should be watched. And because of its role as a leading indicator of money supply, the recent contraction in bank credit certainly increases the odds that the recent money supply stagnation might continue for a while and even turn into outright contraction, which in turn means that the probability of renewed price deflation has increased.
As mentioned before, money supply can grow without any credit growth even in the long run if the Fed would implement some scheme (like my above suggested legalizing counterfeiting or sending a million dollar in cash to every American) to radically boost currency in circulation. However, such radical schemes are likely off the table, at least for the rest of the year, meaning that they do not pose a risk for the deflationist scenario during the rest of the year.
posted by stefankarlsson at 10:06 PM 20 comments
Speculation & Oil Price Fluctuations
Commodities tend to fluctuate a lot more in value than do prices of for example services or finished goods. Why is that? One popular explanation is that speculation is the root cause of it.
A more plausible theory is however that the cause is a low short-term price elasticity for demand and supply. The flip side of a low price elasticity is that changes in demand (or supply) not caused by price movements will cause very big price fluctuations.
If say, 5% of demand suddenly for some reason (say a sharp cyclical downturn) disappears and say that a moderate price decline will only cause an increase in supply or decrease in demand of a few tenths of a percentage points, then it is clear that in order to avoid surpluses, prices must decline really dramatically.
That was exactly what we saw both in the great run up in the price of oil to early July 2008 and in the dramatic (75%) price decline that we saw until December 2008.
How then do we know if a certain price fluctuation is due to speculation or other factors? The answer to that question is: by looking at inventory changes. In order for speculators to increase/lower prices they must increase/lower inventory levels. The reason for that is that if they take long positions in futures contracts they are left with two choices. Either they unwind that long position in which case they will lower the price to the level where it would have been if they hadn't taken that long position in the first place, or they'll have to keep the delivery they paid for as inventory. Meaning that in order for speculation to affect the price, inventories must increase.
If you look at the evidence (For the original data go here and then click "Complete History XLS) , you can see that in the months before the July 2008 peak, inventories fell significantly(about 50 million barrels below year ago levels), while in the coming 5 months inventories rose sharply (shifting to being nearly 50 billion above year ago levels). Since then they have been more or less flat adjusted for seasonal patterns. This means that speculators helped reduce the price increase that we saw until July 2008, and then helped reduce the price decrease until December 2008. The increase in price we've seen after that was by contrast purely driven by underlying supply and demand movements.
So while Paul Krugman was right noticing that inventories are now higher than a year ago, he completely misses the point. That inventory build up was happened not during the latest price rally but during the preceding price decline. Meaning that it was during the dramatic price decline that speculation helped raise prices, not during either the preceding or following rallies. Adjusting for likely base effects, inventories have if anything declined during the recent rally.
China vs America
Interesting column from Larry Kudlow about how China continues its relative increase in importance due to its less socialist policies. An excerpt:
"There’s no question that current government policies for taxes, spending, and regulation are causing the U.S. to lose competitiveness in the global race for capital, prosperity, and growth.
Of course, China has been moving in the direction of free-market capitalism for years. To some extent, this shows the positive benefits of America’s free-trade policies and its open-mindedness in helping nurture not only China growth, but also middle-class prosperity worldwide....
....Fortune magazine recently reported that the number of U.S. companies in the world’s top 500 fell to the lowest level ever, while more Chinese firms than ever made the list. Thirty-seven Chinese companies now rank in the top 500, including nine new entries. Meanwhile, the number of U.S. firms has fallen to 140, the lowest total since Fortune began the list in 1995. This is not good.
China also surpassed the U.S. as the world’s biggest automaker in the first half of 2009, with June sales soaring 36.5 percent from a year earlier. The Chinese registered 6.1 million car sales for the first half of the year. That way outpaced American sales, which were only 4.8 million.
And China has no capital-gains tax. It only has a 15-to-20 percent corporate tax. The U.S., on the other hand, is raising its cap-gains tax rate to 20 percent. It’s also increasing its top personal tax rates."
The Value Of Fed Independence
Fed governor Donald Kohn argues against Ron Paul's bill to audit the Fed:
"History provides numerous examples of non-independent central banks being forced to finance large government budget deficits. Such episodes invariably lead to high inflation."
Damn good thing the Fed is "independent" (as it happens, Paul's bill would not remove its "independence" in decision making, it would only make it easier for others to see what they're doing) then, so that we won't have to experience announcements by the Fed that they will help finance the large budget by buying $300 billion of longer-term Treasuries.....
Kohn's argument reminds me of former Fed chairman Arthur Burns' statement that the Fed needs to do what the President wants, or it will lose its independence....
Ukraine's Great Depression
At long last, Ukraine has finally released its first quarter GDP numbers, showing a full 20.3% decline for the volume definition compared to the previous year. Since Ukraine's terms of trade also deteriorated, with the export price index only increasing 17.2% versus 31.2% for the import price index, the decline in real income for the Ukrainian people is even greater.
This means that Latvia loses the first place many believed it had in terms of economic contraction, as Latvia's real GDP "only" contracted 18%.
Now I suppose that most economic pundits will call for Ukraine to devalue its currency to solve its problems, like they did for Latvia. Or maybe not given that Ukraine has already applied that alleged remedy of allowing its currency to collapse.....
Texas vs. California
Texas and California are in many ways very similar, being first of all very big states (second and third respectively in terms of geographic size, second and first in terms of population and output), also having roughly similar climates and both having very large Hispanic immigrant (to a large extent illegal immigrant in both states) populations.
Yet, economic performance differs greatly. The unemployment rate in Texas is significantly below the national average, whereas it is significantly above in California. While both California and Texas has significant net immigration from abroad, Texas also receives a net inflow of people from other states, whereas native born Americans are fleeing California. And while California's severe budget problem seems like a never ending story, Texas, while suffering from the general cyclical downturn, has only limited budget problems.
So why is Texas so much more successful than California? When it comes to the budget deficit, many blames California's constitution that allows voters to approve spending projects without approving the kind of tax increases (or spending reductions in other areas) which are needed to finance them. That is to some extent true when it comes to the budget problem, but since California already has higher taxes than just about all other states and since normal budget rules given the overwhelming Democratic majority would simply mean even higher taxes that is not the solution to its underlying economic problems.
In addition to high spending, California also suffers from excessive regulation, including a much higher minimum wage and far more draconian "climate change"-related regulations.
In its latest issue, The Economists highlights the greater relative success of Texas and readily acknowledge that fact and the causes of it, yet still throws in a disclaimer of "it still seems too early to cede America’s future to the Lone Star state".
The first reason for this is their claim that the growing Hispanic population in Texas will make it more left-liberal, and so end Texas' low tax policies. Perhaps, but I don't think it will happen soon, given the overwhelming majority against for example a state income tax today, and at any rate California is also changing in that direction so it too will become even more leftist. And at any rate, regardless of whether politics change in the future, there can be no denying that Texas low tax policies have been more successful.
The other argument is that there are still a lot of bright people in California. Which is true, but there are also many in California which are not so bright, and there are a lot of people in Texas that are bright. And returning to what should be the point of the story, California's policies are causing a net outflow of people, while Texas's are causing a net inflow of people.
Chinese Car Boom Continues
Passenger vehicle sales in China increases 48%, confirming how China is surpassing the United States as the world's largest car market. This also confirms that the Chinese economy continues to expand, even as most other economies contracts.
Today's Chart
About the assertion from Paul Krugman and other Al Gore-supportersthat global warming is going faster than anyone could have expected. This chart really says all you need to know about the validity of that statement-and the credibility of those who utter it. From the web page of climate scientist Roy Spencer.
Ed Glaeser's Pathetic Defense Of Greenspan
Ed Glaeser, economics professor at Harvard University, dismisses the theory that Alan Greenspan's low interest rate policy caused the housing bubble with this argument:
"Mr. Greenspan’s loose monetary policy may have been a mistake, but low interest rates cannot readily explain what happened to housing prices. Real rates actually rose slightly between 2002 and 2006. "
Huh? In 2002, the housing bubble was inflating, in 2006 the housing bubble was deflating. So, by his own criteria of relevant evidence, he is supporting the theory he is trying to deny. Apparently, Harvard doesn't have high standards when it comes to basic reasoning abilities or logical coherence. Needless to say, Glaeser was as clueless as most professors were in predicting the current crisis.
Sweden's New Inflationist Strategy
In this post at the Naked Capitalism blog, the new inflationist strategy of the Swedish Riksbank is discussed. The facts appears to be mostly correct, though it is misleading to claim that Sweden has price deflation. While the official CPI is in negative territory that is only because it counts interest rate cuts as price cuts (Meaning that in the short term, interest rate changes will have the opposite effect of the intended). Looking at the EU-harmonized price index which lacks that distortion instead, the HICP, Sweden has an inflation rate of 1.7%, significantly above the euro area average.
Anyway, what the Riksbank decided was to reduce its main interest rate from 0.5% to 0.25% and start with quantitative easing. There's nothing unusual or new about that these days, as near zero interest rates and quantitative easing are the rule rather than the exception for central banks in advanced economies. What was unusual was that this decision meant that the interest rate on bank deposits in the central banks was cut to -0.25%. That's right, a negative interest rate. The reason why they now have a negative deposit rate can be found in the reason why it is considered nearly impossible to bring market interest rates below zero: namely that people would then start to withdraw their money. By having a negative deposit rate, the Riksbank hopes to discourage banks from keeping the money they receive from quantitative easing as reserves. Instead, they want the banks to create more credit, something which in turn will increase money supply, something which in turn will increase inflation.
The most radical inflationist in the board, Lars E.O. Svensson, has advocated currency market intervention to bring down the exchange rate of the SEK, which in turn is meant to increase import prices and inflationary expectations. The rest of the Riksbank board decided against it, probably because other countries could interpret this as a way to subsidize exports and discourage imports, rather than as a way to increase inflation. The strategy they are now pursuing will also lower the exchange rate of the SEK, but probably not by as much and not in such a conspicuous way.
One interesting question that the Riksbank's negative deposit rate this raises is why the Fed insists on paying a positive interest rate on bank reserves. If you want to achieve inflation, which the Fed wants, then that is counterproductive as it encourages banks to keep the money at the Fed instead of lending them out to the public. As I've pointed out repeatedly, the monetary base has no direct effect on the real economy. It only has an indirect effect to the extent it helps increase the money supply. But as long as the banks keep the money they receive from the Fed's asset purchases at the Fed, money supply is not affected.
I am not sure why the Fed insists on having a positive deposit rate, since it counteracts the inflationist effects of their other schemes, but one possible reason is that it wants to subsidize the banks and boost their profits. By paying interest on their deposits, the Fed is essentially giving away money to the banks. Another possible reason is that they think that large reserves are essential to restore confidence in the banking system.
Defining Savings
Robert Murphy and Robert Wenzel have a dispute over the definition of savings. Wenzel appears to define savings as "demand for capital goods" while Murphy defines it in the traditional sense, as preserving (saving) a right to consume. In Wenzel's definition savings is thus defined as capital expenditure, whereas in Murphy's definition it is defined as refraining from consumer spending. The practical difference being that holdings of physical (paper/metal) cash and even bank deposit holdings that the banks don't lend isn't considered as savings under Wenzel's definition whereas it is considered as savings under Murphy's definition.
Murphy is clearly right on this subject. "Savings" means uhm well saving, (or preserving if you will) something, in this context meaning the claim on consumer goods. That is something that can be achieved by any act that refrains from consumption, including for example holding paper money, holding gold, holding stocks or holding bonds or bank deposits.
But isn't there a difference between putting money in a jar and using it for capital expenditure. Yes, but that's why you have words like "investment" and "capital expenditure", to differentiate between different forms of savings.
As Murphy points out, Wenzel's definition creates the absurd situation where someone who has deposited money in a bank really doesn't know whether or not he has saved until he knows whether or not it has been lended. And indeed that's not really sufficient, as he also must know whether or not the loan has ceteris paribus causally made the borrower invest in capital goods. It furthermore would imply that if the borrower didn't use it for capital expenditures, but for consumer expenditures, then people who saves their income really aren't saving. What is really going on is that the people lending (depositing) money to the bank are saving while the people borrowing from the bank are dissaving, but if you define savings as "capital expenditure" you would not be able to understand that these transactions involved some people saving and other people dissaving.
First Derivative Remains Negative
A popular way of analyzing the recession and whether or not there is any improvement is to make a distinction between the first derivative and the second derivative. The first derivative is about whether or not the economy is contracting or expanding, the change in the level of output. The second derivative is about whether the pace of contraction is increasing or decreasing, the change in the rate of change in the level of output.
A number of recent numbers now indicates that while the second derivative probably was positive in the second quarter, the first derivative remains negative. The most important example of this is today's employment report.
It showed a net job loss of 467,000 according to the Payroll survey and 374,000 according to the Household survey. And moreover, the average work week fell to a new low while growth in hourly earnings fell to zero (on a monthly basis), meaning that June not only may have had a negative first derivative but also a negative second derivative, at least compared to May and April.
Krugman's Revealing Defense Of Malthus
I am almost somewhat reluctant about posting this post, since I've already written so many posts about Krugman recently, so it might give the impression that I'm obsessed with him (which I'm not).
However, he is unfortunately a very influential pundit, and lately he has produced unusually many misleading and dangerous posts/columns, including his infamous "treason to the planet"-column.
Now Krugman claims that some unnamed commentators have accused him of being a Malthusian, something which he reacts to not by trying to differentiate his views from Malthus' but by defending him. While acknowledging that Malthus' dire views about population growth have been dead wrong for the last two centuries (which is to say the two centuries that have passed after Malthus made his predictions), he claims that Malthus was right before that.
This is a perfect example of an own goal from Krugman's part. I won't bother to argue with his data despite the fact that they are extremely unreliable given the fact that statistics authorities didn't exist until the twentieth century and given the fact that most people at the time were mostly self-sufficient farmers, because the data if true actually argues against his own views.
Remember that the accusation arose because of his views that because of the alleged threat from global warming/"climate change", we need to dramatically reduce and preferably end our use of fossil fuels (like coal and oil).
The thing is here that one of the reasons why the Malthusian worldview has proven to be dead wrong for the last two centuries is precisely because we have started to use fossil fuels in large scale (both coal and oil were used on a limited scale before the Industrial revolution, but it was only after that that large scale use of coal and oil started).
While the dramatically increased use of fossil fuels wasn't the only reason why the dire Malthusian forecasts were proven wrong, it was certainly a very important factor.
By emphasizing indirectly (without realizing it) how it was only after the large scale use of fossil fuels that mankind lifted itself from the predictions dire Malthusian worldview, while at the same time pushing for the end of use of fossil fuels, Krugman is indirectly acknowledging (without realizing it) that he is pushing for the creation of a dire, suffering ridden Malthusian world.
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Memorial Medical Center seeks participants for patient family advisory council
Friday, May 25th, 2018, 2:41pm
Memorial Medical Center (MMC) is committed to providing a consistent, high quality patient experience and is looking for additional community members to gain insight and feedback about the experiences patients and their families have had at the Sutter Health hospital in Modesto.
“We are working to make the voice of the patient and family evident in everything we do,” said Roberta Mori, director of patient and family engagement at Sutter Health. “At Sutter Health, we value our patients’ voices and understand they can help us to improve and promote patient-centered care.”
The process for becoming an advisor consists of an initial phone screening, followed by an in-person interview. This is a volunteer position and is not compensated.
Those interested in learning more about the Patient Family Advisory Council or signing up to be a volunteer can visit our website,www.sutterhealth.org/pfac, to complete an online application.
Interested community members may also contact us via email at patientfamilyeng@sutterhealth.org.
Local family honored for helping create “Pathway” to good health in Modesto
MODESTO, Calif. – May 24, 2018 –The Porges family, owners of the successful chain of Prime Shine Car Wash locations in the Central Valley, was recently honored during a reception acknowledging their $100,000 donation to Memorial Hospital Foundation for the Sutter Health Heart & Vascular Institute at Memorial Medical Center.
The hall that leads to the Heart and Vascular Institute on the 3rd floor of MMC’s North Tower is now known as the “Porges Family Pathway to Your Good Health.”
“Prime Shine has been a part of the Central Valley for over twenty-seven years, and we couldn’t be more proud that we have the ability to donate to this institute,” said Evan Porges, Prime Shine Car Wash president. “It will provide our community vital heart care, not just today, but for generations to come.”
The institute allows MMC to place a renewed emphasis, not only on providing new treatments for heart disease, but also new ways to prevent this devastating illness — the number one killer in America. Heart disease can strike anyone at any time, without regard for age, ethnicity or gender. Half of men and two-thirds of women who die suddenly of coronary artery disease have had no symptoms and no known risk factors.
Dodging raindrops, supporters enjoy Memorial Hospital Foundation’s annual golf fundraiser
MODESTO, Calif. – Over 100 teams braved the elements at Modesto’s Del Rio Golf and Country Club on Monday, April 16th to assist in the fundraising efforts for Memorial Medical Center’s support services programs.
The 16th Annual Memorial Hospital Foundation Golf Classic is a popular event in the Modesto community. Business leaders and community members mark their calendars each April to enjoy a day of golf, camaraderie, dining and auction activities, all in support of community health care.
This year’s funds raised will help Memorial Medical Center’s support services programs, including the following:
Memorial Medical Center opens new biplane surgical suite
Friday, March 30th, 2018, 4:16pm
Memorial Medical Center (MMC), part of Sutter Health, recently opened their new biplane neurological suite, allowing neurosurgeons to use advanced equipment and techniques to benefit local Sutter Health patients.
The biplane suite, which includes the use of two rotating cameras to create detailed 3D views of the blood vessels in and leading to the brain, is designed to help neurosurgeons better treat patients with stroke-causing blood clots. The physicians are able to quickly receive more detailed information, helping lead to a faster recovery for the patient.
“The technology offers a minimally invasive method to locate the clots in the brain and to use imaging to help guide surgeons as they remove the clots,” said Sergio Camarillo, director of patient care services at MMC.
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About Prof. Hanson
Podcasts, Interviews, Etc.
Angry Reader
Goodnight, California
June 18, 2015 7:32 am / 48 Comments / Victor Davis Hanson
I offer another chronicle, a 14-hour tour of the skeleton I once knew as California.
I finally got around to retrieving the car seat that someone threw out in front of the vineyard near my mailbox. (Don’t try waiting dumpers out — as if it is not your responsibility to clean up California roadsides.)
An acquaintance had also emailed and reminded me that not far away there was a mound of used drip hose on the roadside. That mess proved to be quite large, maybe 1,000 feet of corroded and ripped up plastic hose. I suppose no scavenger thinks it can be recycled. I promise to haul it away this week. One must be prompt: even a small pile attracts dumpers like honey to bees. They are an ingenious and industrious lot (sort of like the cunning and work ethic of those who planted IEDs during the Iraq War). My cousin’s pile across the road has grown to Mt. Rushmore proportions. Do freelance dumpers make good money promising to take away their neighborhood’s mattresses and trash without paying the $20 or so county dumping fee? And does their success depend on fools like me, who are expected to keep roadsides tidy by cleaning up past trash to make room for future refuse?
My relative has sold her 20 acres to a successful almond grower; that was the last parcel other than my own left of my great great grandmother’s farm. All that remains is the original house I live in and 40 acres. Almost all the small farming neighbors I grew up with — of Armenian, Punjabi, German, or Japanese descent — are long gone. Goodbye, diversity. And their children either sold the parcels and moved away (the poorer seem to head to the foothills, the middle class go out of state, the better off flee to the coast) or rent them out. Most of the surrounding countryside, piece-by-piece, is being reconstituted into vast almond groves. I plan to rent out mine next year for such conversion.
Almonds can net far more per acre than raisins and do not require much more water and require almost no labor. Tree fruit, given its expenses and risks, can lose your farm. The last vestiges of small, agrarian farming in these parts died sometime in the 1990s. Oddly, or perhaps predictably, the land to the naked eye looks better in the sense that the power of corporate capital and savvy scientific expertise has resulted in picture-perfect orchards. The old agrarian idea that 40 acres also grows a unique family, not just food, is — how do we say it? No longer operative?
I drive on the 99 freeway past Kingsburg on the way to Visalia. It is a road-warrior maze of construction and detours. The construction hazards are of the sort that would earn any private contractor a lawsuit. (How do you sue Caltrans — and why is it that four or five men always seem to be standing around one who is working?) Only recently has the state decided to upgrade the fossilized two-lane 99 into an interstate freeway of three lanes. But the construction is slow and seemingly endless. Could we not have a simple state rule: “no high-speed rail corridors until the 101, 99, and I-5 are three-lane freeways, and the neglected Amtrak line achieves profitable ridership?” It is almost as if California answers back: “I am too bewildered by your premodern challenges, so I will take psychological refuge in my postmodern fantasies.”
I try to drive by the Reedley DMV on the way home to switch a car registration. Appointments take a long waiting period, but the line of the show-ups is still far out the door and well into the parking lot. I pass. The state announced that it was surprised that “unexpectedly” (the catch adverb of the Obama era [1]) nearly 500,000 illegal aliens have already been processed with new driver’s licenses. The lines at the office suggest that many DMVs simply have transmogrified into illegal alien license-processing centers.
The last time I had visited the office, I noticed the customers were also dealing with fines, tickets, or fix-it citations as part of the process. I thought, how will they pay for all that, given that “living in the shadows” and ignoring summonses and threats is far easier than paying what the state wants? And then, presto, the governor just announced a wish that the poor should be given “ticket amnesty.” So much for Sacramento’s idea of fining California drivers into becoming a reliable revenue source for a broke state, given that it has affected far more drivers than the shrinking and hated middle class that could supposedly afford the new sky-high tickets.
It reminds me of Obamacare: after my accident last May, I had lots of procedures and hours in waiting rooms. I discovered something listening to the desk people deal with Obamacare signups: a vast number apparently have not regularly paid the monthly or quarterly premiums. An even larger group has no idea what a deductible is, or that it actually applies to themselves. And some had no notion of a copayment. The reality of all three sends many into a near frenzy, reminiscent of the idea that a driver’s license means keeping up with registration, smog rules, and paying outstanding warrants — until the state provides the expected amnesties.
I’m at the local supermarket two miles away. Three observations: many of the shoppers seem to be here for the air conditioning (the forecast is for 105 degrees by 5 PM). No one in the Bay Area, whose green agenda has led to the highest power rates in the country, seems to have thought that all of California does not enjoy 65-75 degree coastal corridor weather. My latest PG&E bill reminds me to apply for income-adjusted reduced rates — if I qualify. I don’t, so keep the air conditioner off all day.
Obesity among the shoppers seems epidemic and no one is talking about it. It is striking how young the overweight are! Almost all our small towns now have new state/federal dialysis clinics. Is this not a state emergency? Cannot the state at least offer public health warnings to the immigrant community that while diabetes is alarming among the population at large, it is becoming epidemic among new arrivals from Latin America and Mexico?
Stories that 25 percent of all state hospital admittances suffer from high blood sugar levels circulate. I argue in a friendly way with a customer in line about the new “green” Coke. He claims it is diet, but tastes like regular Coke. I remind him that it is so only because the artificial sweetener has been energized by some cane sugar and it is not so diet after all. (He is buying eight six-packs in fear of shortages.)
I don’t understand the EBT system. How is it that customers ahead of me pull out not one, but often go through three or four cards before they cobble together enough plastic credit for the full tab? Where does one acquire multiple cards?
I am talking ag pumps at home with some farmers. The water table here has gone from 40 feet in 2011 to 82 feet now — the result of four years of constant pumping combined with below-average rain and snow runoff, and the complete cut-off of contracted surface water from the Kings River watershed (don’t ask why). I lowered one 15-hp submersible to 100 feet (the well is only 160, which used to be called “deep” when the water table was 40 feet). “Lowering” means less water pumped, more energy costs, a waiting list for the pump people, and sky-high service charges. The renter promises to lower the other one, whose pump is pumping air, now well above the sinking water table. My house well is only 140 feet deep. I just lowered the pump to a 110-foot draw, and decided to get on the “waiting list” for a new domestic well. (Prices for drilling by the foot have increased fivefold, and are said to go up monthly).
If the drought continues, one will see two unimaginable things by next spring: thousands of abandoned older homes out in the countryside from Merced to Bakersfield, and tens of thousands of acres on the West Side (water table ca. 1,000 feet and dropping) will go fallow if they are row-crops. And if orchards and vineyards, a mass die-off will follow of trees and vines. (Note that Silicon Valley’s Crystal Springs reservoir on freeway 280 is “full.” No Bay Area green activist is arguing either that the deliveries through massive conduits should be stopped at the San Joaquin River to be diverted for fish restoration, or that the entire project is unnatural and a scar on Yosemite Park, warranting shutting down the huge transfer system in favor of recycling waste water for showers and gardens.)
I’m on a PG&E off-peak rate schedule, so I’m waiting until evening to turn on the air conditioner. It is 104 degrees outside and 96 degrees inside the house. As a youth, we used a tiny window, inefficient air conditioner far more in the 1960s and 1970s than I ever do now with central air. Given power rates, the idea of a cool home in the valley is so 1970s.
I take another walk around the farm. Good — no one has yet shot the majestic pair of red tail hawks yet, who greet me on their accustomed pole. But I do notice someone has forced open the cyclone fence around the neighbor’s vacant house. It was put up to stop the serial vandalizing. (What do you do after stealing copper wire? Go for the sheet rock? Pipes? Windows? Shingles?)
A friend calls and mentions that local JCs had a spate of car vandalizations. This time targets are catalytic converters (for precious metal salvage?). I get the impression that today’s Gothic looter and Vandal is more ingenious than the state’s work force. Note the new California: the citizen is responsible for picking up trash or keeping a car running clean with a converter. The idea that a bankrupt state would create a task force to go after such thievery is absurd. I appreciate California logic: don’t dare suggest that massive new commitments to ensure social parity for millions of new arrivals through increased state legal, medical, criminal justice, and educational programs ever come at the expense of investments in roads, bridges, reservoirs, airports, or public facilities — or even the accustomed state services that one took for granted in 1970. To do so is nativist, racist, and xenophobic. What an illiberal state we’ve become.
I’m on the upstairs balcony looking out over miles of lush countryside. It’s quite scenic, something in between verdant Tuscany and the aridness of Sicily. I can hear the ag pumps of the surrounding farms everywhere churning 24/7. In a normal year they would never be turned on, as river water irrigated the fields and recharged the water table.
Then come two sirens. Will the power go off? Quite often, someone after too much to drink goes airborne and hits a power pole on these rural roads. I got back inside in case things go dark to review the mail. The local irrigation district has not delivered water in four years (what do ditch tenders do when canals and ditches are empty?) and now wants a tax hike to keep up with increased expenses. In fact, half the mail seems to be drought information from various agencies. What was so awful about building just two or three one million acre-foot reservoirs, or raising Shasta Dam? We could begin today. When the taps at Facebook or the Google toilets go dry, will the state again invest in water storage?
I turn on the local news and channel surf for 10 minutes. How well we take refuge in the absurd. This litany blares out: Bruce Jenner’s new sexual identity, the latest racial controversy, this time over the crashing of a private pool party and the police reaction, the Obama’s new stretch Air Force One jumbo jet, Marco Rubio’s one ticket every four years, Miley Cyrus’s bisexuality. I suppose if one cannot grasp, much less deal with, $19 trillion in debt, a foreign policy in shambles, the largest state in the union on the cusp of a disastrous drought, a Potemkin health care system, zero interest on passbook savings, and the end of all federal immigration law, then the trivial must become existential.
Goodnight, once great state…
(Artwork created using multiple Shutterstock.com [2] images.)
Article printed from Works and Days: http://pjmedia.com/victordavishanson
URL to article: http://pjmedia.com/victordavishanson/goodnight-california/
[1] the catch adverb of the Obama era: http://pjmedia.com/eddriscoll/2012/07/16/two-beatable-candidates-create-deadlock/
[2] Shutterstock.com: http://www.shutterstock.com
Copyright © 2015 Works and Days. All rights reserved.
Posted in: California / Tagged: Drought, Water
About Victor Davis Hanson
Victor Davis Hanson is the Martin and Illie Anderson Senior Fellow in Residence in Classics and Military History at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, a professor of Classics Emeritus at California State University, Fresno, and a nationally syndicated columnist for Tribune Media Services. He is also the Wayne & Marcia Buske Distinguished Fellow in History, Hillsdale College, where he teaches each fall semester courses in military history and classical culture.
View all posts by Victor Davis Hanson →
48 Thoughts on “Goodnight, California”
RTK on June 18, 2015 at 7:44 am said:
You should consider moving to the remnants of Western Civilization.
http://www.landsofnorthcarolina.com
http://www.landsofvirginia.com
William on June 18, 2015 at 8:31 pm said:
I would agree about Virginia, if the northernmost counties were kicked out and given to Maryland. Those counties full of DC parasites have turned Virginia blue. Get rid of them and Virginia would be a great state again.
Ira on June 18, 2015 at 8:11 am said:
What an excellent bedtime story.
Joan Sands on June 18, 2015 at 8:11 am said:
I was born in California many years ago. What a sad state it has become. Unfortunately, the rest of the country may very well follow California into the third world. I am glad I probably won’t live to see it. You write so well but I don’t see how you keep your spirits up.
Hoi Polloi Boy on June 18, 2015 at 8:26 am said:
Quit whining about the air conditioner and get a swamp cooler. We’ve used one for years. I’ve never had air conditioning.
Bruce Hamilton on June 19, 2015 at 8:51 am said:
The Central Valley is too humid for swamp coolers to be practical. https://weatherspark.com/averages/31892/Visalia-California-United-States
clrossow51 on June 29, 2015 at 2:57 am said:
they also take WATER
S. Plankenberg on June 18, 2015 at 8:45 am said:
Time to move to another state.
You must be eligible for retirement from your teaching job, Mr. Hanson, and life is too short to have to deal with the daily assault on reason, professionalism, and civilized behavior you are forced to witness on a daily basis in California. Dealing with the daily insanity and frustration can have negative health effects as well.
Leaving the family home of so many generations of your family that you so obviously love may be heartbreaking, at first. But by remaining there, and continuing to pay the taxes, licensing fees and other costs the State of California demands from it’s productive citizens, are you not perpetuating the very system that is slowly tightening the figurative noose around your neck?
Take your money, family, and considerable talent to Utah, Wyoming, Montana, or some Midwestern state in fly – over country where there is still some semblance of appreciation of relative freedom and liberty.
California is lost, and is becoming the focus of scorn from those of us living in other states who know that some time in the not too distant future we will be forced to provide bailout money to California state employee pension funds, thus trying to ( temporarily ) prevent the California collapse from taking the whole country down with it.
California has been hemorrhaging upper and middle income taxpayers for years, and it is time for more people like you to give the state a wake-up up call by voting with your feet.
God bless you, Dr. Hanson, for your insight and the work you do.
Chuck Rosenthal on June 18, 2015 at 9:13 am said:
Really clever allusion in describing our healthcare system.
I realize your reluctance to abandon your roots, but things are slightly better in the Lone Star state. At least we have water.
David Lacey on June 18, 2015 at 9:26 am said:
Thank you Mr. Hanson for your ongoing tales of California. Reading these reminds me of Defoe’s “Journal of the Plague Years.” One of the most frightening aspects is that as California becomes unable to keep it’s millions alive there will be a diaspora of this ignorance and destruction that spreads across the nation in search of sustenance. It has already started to infect areas that were also paradises at one time.
Progressives are a virus (to paraphrase Agent Smith) that will eventually kill this country. The dark times that follow will be truly terrible, assuming there are any humans alive to experience them. I will probably not live to see it, but I fear that my child will.
Mike on June 18, 2015 at 10:02 am said:
Please consider relocating to Utah. It’s still relatively sane here. There are influences here that will keep us so, hopefully, until the very last. Though I am a native, I am not a Mormon, and that is not an impediment to a happy life here. (See the second sentence.)
Michael R. Brown on June 18, 2015 at 10:47 am said:
I have a terrible fear that this essay may be one of the unread grave inscriptions over California when this madness reaches the end already in sight.
This is why I left California.
The Central Valley may not be the State’s core (though it arguably should), but it is a limb, and it been tourniqueted. Gangrene is here.
Jim McNab on June 18, 2015 at 10:49 am said:
As a Fresno-born and bred Baby Boomer, who now resides in the mountains of Western North Carolina, I sympathize with your concerns about the plight that exists in your part of the San Joaquin Valley. My father was born in the 1920s on a 40-acre ranch that is now a vast housing subdivision in east Clovis. Before escaping California, I enjoyed driving through the farmland, vineyards, and orchards surrounding the greater Fresno/Clovis area. It was fascinating to watch the progress of the grapes, peaches, almonds, apricots, figs, and other crops as they came to life in the warm, springtime sun. The distinctive aroma of rich soil and orange blossoms was sweet. Your piece was a combination of nostalgia and sadness. The observation that, what once was a fertile, productive locality where good, honest, hard-working people lived, raised families, and grew food to feed the world, is now becoming a desert and is slowly being choked to death by a combination of short-sighted water preservation policies, misled politicians, and pigheaded environmentalists. Although I miss my friends and family who still live in Central California, I do not miss the conditions you describe in your piece nor the degenerates who are responsible for turning the Central Valley into the rundown and dilapidated wasteland.
David N on June 18, 2015 at 10:55 am said:
Ha ha, cool idea for a story.
Hope its just the story, though, those negative thoughts can be a real struggle, even if they’re true, I know firsthand!
Richard Rider on June 18, 2015 at 11:05 am said:
If you want to see how California stacks up against the other 49 states on 35 criteria, check out my dreary, constantly updated, annotated fact sheet: http://www.TinyURL.com/CA-vs-other-states
May I add that, assuming you are a CA resident, it’s best you NOT read it. Certainly not the whole thing in one sitting.
John the Econ on June 18, 2015 at 11:34 am said:
Dr. Hanson, this one practically brought me to tears. I was a California native. Most of the California I remember and loved from my youth is gone or dying. It is very painful to watch. By the mid-to-late ’80’s, I saw the writing on the wall and a decade later I left. I now live in flyover country. Leaving for me was a bit easier, as I had no historical homestead to hang on to, but I did leave a lot of friends and an old life that was in many ways pretty good. California is a beautiful place, but experiencing its beauty and escaping mass-of-humanity was getting harder and harder and the state is beating up it’s productive citizens. At the rate of social and economic decay I’ve seen since I left, I really can’t imagine what the place will be like in another decade or so. My biggest fear is that when things get worse there, the Progressive hoards that ran California into the ground will come to places like mine to start the cycle over again; killing the golden goose, and then gorging on the carcass.
Kerwin Lebeis on June 18, 2015 at 12:11 pm said:
Ha! You have condemned yourself with your own words as “nativist, racist, and xenophobic.”
Can anyone get me a paying job at the Huffington Post? I can hang around at home in my underwear, if that would help.
Xander on June 18, 2015 at 6:30 pm said:
Is that your best shot at a thoughtful, insightful, well-educated and hardworking person who sees reality? Name calling. Really?
Glenn999 on June 18, 2015 at 12:20 pm said:
Mr. Hanson
I live in the south and deal with the increased cooling costs by putting a window unit in my office. I can turn off the ac for the whole house and save money, but not let the heat bother me while working inside.
Cali is probably done. Plenty of good states out there still left, and I’m sure they would love to have you.
Best of luck with all those problems.
And keep writing. I love your style!!
I just keep the AC running in one room and set fairly high, with another to take the edge off the rest of the house and it is set even higher. Just can’t run several of them at low temperatures like you used to, what with this inflation government says isn’t happening and all.
IRIS on June 18, 2015 at 1:03 pm said:
DON’T move to Colorado which has already been ruined by migrating Californians.
john jay on June 18, 2015 at 2:57 pm said:
atzlan conquers all. and, please not to worry. they will vote “democratic,” to keep the faucet running that provides all. taxes, what taxes?
Chuck Rosenthal on June 18, 2015 at 3:05 pm said:
One more note.
I have invented a shovel that stands up by itself thereby eliminating 4/5th of Caltrans work force if Gov. Brown will consider it.
GP on June 18, 2015 at 6:13 pm said:
Well said. California was once a truly magnificent, diverse place to grow up never needing to leave the State to enjoy a full life experience.
puggs on June 19, 2015 at 4:10 am said:
Chuck, please let me buy the first shovel and I will put it by ‘the empty chair’. Maybe this could help.
Doctor french on June 18, 2015 at 3:32 pm said:
As a frenchmen reading about the fall of the golden state give me the feeling of ” déja vu “.
France, Californie même combat……..
sonoffar on June 18, 2015 at 6:55 pm said:
Dr Hanson, stand your ground.
This is Our state and we don’t need to surrender it to any mob of Progluddites,
Degenerates, Illegal Aliens, or near do well, Elected Officials. This is our state, not theirs!
Even as worse comes to awful, there needs to be stout hearted Californians left who will collect the debris and reassemble this once great state. Our ancestors made it and we should be able to re-make it after the culls have all fled to easier pickings.
Even as worse comes to awful, there needs to be stout hearted Californians left who will collect the debris and reassemble this once great state. Our ancestors made it and we should be able to re-make, it after the culls have all fled to easier pickings.
S. Plankenberg on June 22, 2015 at 1:48 pm said:
I don’t think it IS your state anymore. The changes required to fix it, if that’s even possible, will not take place in your lifetime or mine, and can only come after a long, total collapse, and the remade version will be even more socialist than the state government is now.
I make the point again : Any productive resident of California that remains there is funding the rot with the taxes they pay each year to the state government and it’s out of control bureaucracies.
IT’S YOUR MONEY THAT ENABLES THE PEOPLE THAT ARE RUINING YOUR BEAUTIFUL STATE !
What you say about metal and parts theft isn’t limited to California. In Alabama, thieves have been going after vacation homes and hunter’s cabins for some years and have also been stealing parts from logging machinery. We’re sure it is meth heads and other junkies more than illegals, but there really isn’t any help forthcoming to deal with them.
Not surprising that the greens only want everyone else’s water cut off but not theirs. Most of the state will be desert and blown away before their water is allowed to run out. Maybe they will change their tune when water raiders are drilling holes in those big pipes and stealing their water, but then they would probably just get security for the pipelines and the problem would continue. Maybe also once they can’t get their veggies and such at Whole Foods they’ll wake up. Not holing my breath though.
What I’m worried about is the great flood of all that humanity pouring over the Continental Divide and spreading that madness and waste eastward, and probably mostly through the South.
Jon Jewett on June 18, 2015 at 8:59 pm said:
We have a half-way home here in Texas for California refugees. I would be proud to sponsor you. But only if you have never voted Democrat.
Kanani on June 19, 2015 at 1:52 am said:
Yeah, I hear you. I’m still here too. Third generation. I remember the Delta before they ruined it with rip rap. As a child growing up in the San Joaquin valley, once the peat got under my nails, I was marked.
I’ve traveled a lot, have lived many places –all because of work. I tell you, I hit the Arizona border, and the roads are in good repair. I walk into a store in Albuquerque, and people are nice –just like they were when I was a kid. But even as I sip my morning coffee and stare out over the Sangre de Cristo… I feel that tug. California is home. When people find out where I’m from, I get the eye-rolls, and sometimes the same lectures that everyone here has written so passionately about. They also ask me, “Why don’t you move here?” And I shake my head. I’ll always have keep my home in California and run back to it. You grow up in the central valley, near farms and rivers, and it’s just part of who you are. It’s not like San Fransisco or Los Angeles. People up in the far north of our state would understand, as would those in our deserts. It’s the dirt, and the wind, it’s the memory of the peach trees, and the asparagus. It’s part of who we are. We don’t live on memories, but they do help us deal with the cacophony of the present. They help us look at all that is wrong, at values that are flimsy, and stay centered. They help us form our words, and inspire our actions in everything that we do.
Joan Didion left us ages ago, though her writing on California is still resonant. I miss Joan. Now 80, I often think –isn’t it time to stop being a New Yorker? Shouldn’t you come back? And honestly, I never ever want to pose that same question to Victor Davis Hanson –an important, well educated, observant, articulate native son of California -one of the very best writers we have. Like Joan Didion, California is where he belongs.
Mr. Hanson, I agree with most of your writers that moving is probably the best thing. It’s very sad though and I understand why it would be hard to do. But holding on to the past isn’t working in these kinds of conditions. Peace of mind and safety is more important and that’s what your grandparents would want for you in the first place. I know because of my own and what they would want for me. I enjoy reading your writings, they are encouraging and heartfelt, meaningful and many more things I could say. Keep writing. You are helping many to keep that peace of mind and have more stability just by a few pages of writing. That’s a gift you have been given by God to help others in these difficult times.
Brendan Kelly on June 19, 2015 at 6:14 am said:
I have an 11 year old daughter. Due to a particular Japanese Anime (Fullmetal Alchemist Brotherhood) she decided over a year ago that she wants to build powered prosthetic limbs for people when she grows up. She’s very serious about this and has started researching the field.
I asked her where she wants to go to college. She said “M.I.T.” I asked why. She said “They are the #3 school in the country for biomechanical engineering. I asked “Why not the #1 or #2 school?” she said “They are both in California, and I don’t want to go to California.”
Judith L. Smith Wiggins on June 19, 2015 at 7:39 am said:
Funny, for a state that is dying, it has not stopped people from pouring in to tackle the drought instead of snow and cold weather. Huge apartments and homes are constantly being built which, originally, I thought would be left empty and abandoned, but sell and are rented till full. Freeways are like parking lots and any area’s that are not filled property line to property line with Malls, big buildings, shops, cafe’s, etc., etc., will when whomever owns them, gives up and sacrifices it to progress. Area’s of tree’s, plants, flowers and nature just don’t make it here and lose out in that same battle. All that to say, “if California is dying, there are an awful lot of people who are absolutely unaware of it as they move around like ants on an anthill.”
Herb Clark on June 19, 2015 at 7:50 am said:
Sorry to say your missive reminds me of the movie The Book of Eli with Denzel Washington. Even when I watched it the first time I had bad thoughts about your state’s future.
As others have suggested – time to move. Skip Colorado. America’s ski resort. Try Alabama, Arkansas, the Carolinas, Georgia, Louisiana, Florida. There is no heaven but – “we got water”. On the other hand our public works departments usually have even more supervisors watching the guy with the shovel – as in “shovel ready”.
David Park on June 19, 2015 at 8:09 am said:
The CCCF makes one wonder what all that pride about country of origin, ethnicity, culture, and political party affilitation is actually based upon after witnessing decades of California’s ever spreading decay and decline. The new state motto seems to be: ‘It is a personal assault on my dignity for anyone to even think why I should be prevented from getting a larger allowance of something for nothing in California.’ (Note: Current – California – Cluster – …………..) And for those from other states who crack a smug smile while pointing an accusing finger at the California situation: just where do you think the detritus of this state’s meltdown will move when freebieland goes broke?
Bob G on June 19, 2015 at 9:21 am said:
Mr. Hanson:
It is truly sad to see the steepening decline of the (once) great state of California. I left the state of my birth in 1990 and will not return. Your essays show me a state that has changed radically from the place I remember. It seems like the Central Valley — which I remember as a marvelous mix of family farms and large operations that, combined fed much of the country — has been reduced to something like we saw in the first Mad Max film.
I hope you’ll consider relocating for your peace of mind and for your safety. The Texas Hill Country is beautiful and is just as close to Stanford — in Internet terms — as the Central Valley.
It brings tears to my eyes to see what California has become.
Doreen on June 19, 2015 at 1:16 pm said:
That’s depressing. I’m conservative & live in Northern California. Actually, living here is great, I don’t notice things any different, but I hear many conservatives in position with a voice complain about California, and say there’s no hope for change. And then I hear conservatives complain about Wash DC & the rest of the country, and it sounds like liberalism is unleashed and a moral decline nationwide, not just California.
D White on June 19, 2015 at 2:58 pm said:
“Whenever sacred duty decays and chaos prevails
then I create myself Arjuna
To protect men of virtue
and destroy men who do evil,
to set the standard of sacred duty
I appear in age after age”
buybuydandavis on June 19, 2015 at 3:35 pm said:
“The old agrarian idea that 40 acres also grows a unique family, not just food, is — how do we say it? No longer operative?”
“not economically viable. ”
– Bill Foster, Falling Down
Videodrone on June 19, 2015 at 4:48 pm said:
Dr. Hanson,
Another multi gen (Nor)Cal native checking in. Hypocrisy ignorance and tyranny seem to be the norm these daze.
we are under mandatory water control, I just spent the better part of this week at Stanford – where we are not allowed to have fountains or water our lawns you couldn’t tell there is a drought at the campus, the lowest cost “hotel” (a 50 year old El Camino dive in Los Altos) with a leaky 5Gal toilets two recent trips to SoCal with stays at “better” hotels (who had recently changed brands from “MarryRot” to “Paris H” or the other way around – with the same leaky 5Gal flush toilets! – but try to sell a house with one of them!
Jeff Stanley on June 19, 2015 at 9:04 pm said:
I blame John Freemont. The only thing left to do is to petition Mexico, demanding that they take it back.
Anthony Mxyzptlk on June 20, 2015 at 10:10 am said:
The spectacle of an irrigation district that has not had any water in four years but wants to raise taxes and hire more administrators offers a priceless opportunity to test the theories of C. Northcote Parkinson, who (IIRC) posited that the number of employees and administrators of an agency is inversely proportional to the actual amount of work to be done.
Parkinson’s example was the British navy between World Wars I and II, which shrank to almost nothing, yet saw an explosive increase in the number of employees, even as the number of ships shrank.
If Parkinson is right, we should see the number of employees, and possibly the number of regulatory agencies, rise higher and higher as the water table itself goes lower and lower.
Vic Tyree on June 21, 2015 at 6:18 am said:
We left 5 years ago and moved to Idaho. Still some eye rolls here even though many are here from other states including Cali. When I get the eye roll I just look them in the eye and say, “It’s Ok, they didn’t like me in California either. ha
E W Daly on June 22, 2015 at 5:57 am said:
Change is not always for the better….but change is omnipresent. My uncle once said of California that after people establish residency, they wish to close the gates to prevent further congestion. In my lifetime US population has moved from 130 million to 330 million souls and culturally we are vastly different. There are multiple US locations with less regulation and cultural oddities and the pace is slower. When one looks objectively at California and traces its metamorphosis from the 1890’s one would be hard pressed to define its stature and composition in the 2050’s….
357x6 on June 23, 2015 at 1:53 pm said:
A heartbreaking lamentation in the story of one day. Then you think of the next day, and the next and the next, and it becomes revolting and infuriating.
Can ” good night America” be far behind?
Annette on June 25, 2015 at 1:49 am said:
Liberals Remind me of the two ants standing in the shadow of the elephant’s foot saying to each other “here comes that clumsy elephant,let’s just pretend we don’t see him.
They’ll. never know what hit them!
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Victor Davis Hanson is the Martin and Illie Anderson Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution; his focus is classics and military history.
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New Episode of The Classicist
With a new wave of congressional progressives claiming America is insufficiently committed to social justice, Victor Davis Hanson defends the country’s history of progress — and explains why it was dependent on traditions of western civilization that the critics now denounce.
Listen to this episode now
Victor Davis Hanson examines the strategic calculations behind China’s economic, political, military, and cultural initiatives.
Victor Davis Hanson chronicles the factors that have led to the decline of American higher education and considers the prospects for recovery.
Victor Davis Hanson looks at the current debate over immigration and the border wall, arguing that illegal immigration from Latin America actually subverts the goal of a more diverse country.
Latest Issue of Strategika!
The latest issue of Strategika discusses The Value of Economic Sanctions
Victor Davis Hanson is the General Editor of Strategika.
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Victor Davis Hanson on Breitbart News Tonight
Victor Davis Hanson talks about his National Review article "Kill Chic."
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New Encounter Books Interview
Victor Davis Hanson on Trump’s Unlikely Populism
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New Episode of Whiskey Politics
Victor Davis Hanson discusses the damaging disclosure about Obama keeping tabs on the FBI Hillary Clinton email investigation, State Department unmasking, why Hillary’s and Obama’s hubris may be their own downfall and how this can very well be a Watergate or Iran-Contra type scandal.
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Victor Davis Hanson is featured in a new episode of The Ricochet Podcast.
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The Malik Report
A Red Wings blog
On Kaden Fulcher’s rookie season ‘By the Numbers’ July 17, 2019
Red Wings pay tribute to the passing of Noah Gochanour July 16, 2019
Kulfan: Givani Smith on the pro learning process July 16, 2019
One more reminder: Tickets for the Wings’ prospect tournament and training camp go on sale today at 10 AM EDT July 16, 2019
A pair of articles from The Athletic: a Wings lineup of the future and sports arena funding July 16, 2019
Mickey Redmond has a summertime Wings talk with MISportsNow.com July 15, 2019
HSJ speaks with Dennis Cholowski regarding his up-and-down rookie season July 15, 2019
NHLPA wraps up its ‘Ted Takes’ July 15, 2019
Three Things: On Yzerman’s seat, Wings’ off-season moves and a boxed video July 15, 2019
WXYZ’s Galli speaks with Dennis Cholowski and Givani Smith at the Wings’ Youth Camp July 15, 2019
Two Things, Tweets of note version: Prospect tournament/training camp tix on sale Tues; Givani Smith at Wings’ youth camp July 15, 2019
Duff: Where should Seider play? July 15, 2019
Two Wings draft picks among Boston University’s six NHL-drafted freshmen July 15, 2019
HSJ in the morning: reviewing 10 seasons’ worth of draft ‘hits and misses’ July 15, 2019
Red Wings sign Seider to entry-level contract July 14, 2019
Free Press’s Windsor pays tribute to Joe Louis Arena and the Palace July 14, 2019
Three things: A profile of Cooper Moore, Nicklas Lidstrom’s retirement portfolio and a ‘blurb’ about Moritz Seider July 14, 2019
Roughly Translated: Nicklas Lidstrom’s ‘new life in Sweden’ July 13, 2019
Quick quip: Don’t sleep on Filip Hronek in fantasy hockey leagues July 13, 2019
Toledo Walleye signee Brett Boeing praises Walleye organization July 12, 2019
Beertowndale on Three Things: On Yzerman’s seat, Wings’ off-season moves and a boxed video
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Surveying Yzermania
As the Wings and national media pondered what exactly to make of Steve Yzerman’s decision to step down as the Tampa Bay Lightning’s GM, ostensibly to spend more time with his family in Metro Detroit, I gravitated toward the video Sportsnet posted of the Lightning’s announcement, preferring to listen and pay attention for myself:
But Fox Sports Detroit talked about it…
MLive’s Ansar Khan spoke with Jimmy Devellano about it…
“I had no heads up,” Devellano said. “I was told about it today.”
Yzerman was hired by Lightning owner Jeff Vinik in 2010 and has had tremendous success building the team into a championship contender. He was named GM of the year in 2014-15, when Tampa Bay lost to the Chicago Blackhawks in the Cup finals.
Many Red Wings fans have been clamoring for the captain to return home.
“I know how the fans feel and I can understand their feelings,” Devellano said. “They are questions we don’t have answers for and don’t have control over. What can I say, what can Kenny say? Other than (Yzerman) has done a heck of a job in Tampa and just as he was as a player he turned out to be a good GM.”
Devellano said there doesn’t appear to be anything imminent regarding Yzerman and the Red Wings.
“It’s not like something is going to happen when we open the season with Columbus (on Oct. 4),” Devellano said. “But what about next July 1, for instance? People will clamor and speculate. I understand that.”
As did the Free Press’s Helene St. James…
Yzerman has close ties with Wings management. He and Wings general manager Ken Holland golfed together two weeks ago in Detroit. Wings senior vice president Jimmy Devellano lives in the Tampa area in winter, and attends Lightning games. He has had many cups of pre-game coffee with Yzerman.
“I was stunned,” Devellano said. “I had no inkling of it.”
Julien BriseBois takes over Yzerman’s duties as general manager. Yzerman will help him with the transition, much as Devellano did 20 years ago when Holland replaced him as general manager of the Wings.
“To do the job the way it needs to be done and to be with my family as well, it’s becoming difficult to do,” Yzerman said. “Hence the decision. I will be wherever I’m needed to be for Julien moving forward.”
Yzerman honed his management skills for four years under Holland, from retiring as a player in 2006 to taking the Lightning job in 2010. Yzerman won four Stanley Cups with the Wings; three as captain, one as part of management.
The possibility of his return is intriguing. Holland, 62, was in the last year of a contract this past April when he was signed to a two-year extension. The term was at his behest, not that of owner Chris Ilitch. Holland has swung the Wings into rebuilding mode, and urged Ilitch to see where the team is in two years. The Wings seem on a good path after two good drafts that yielded such prospects as Filip Zadina, Joe Veleno, Jonatan Berggren, Jared McIsaac and Michael Rasmussen, but they are at least two-to-three years from being competitive.
USA Today’s Kevin Allen discussed the return-to-Detroit possibility…
The only question remaining is Yzerman’s plans. He is expected to live permanently in Detroit, but he said Tuesday that he would be “wherever I need to be for Julien” this season.
“After that, I don’t know,” he said.
Detroit fans have long wanted Yzerman to run the Detroit Red Wings. They have made that clear on social media and in chat rooms.
While the Lightning are considered one of the NHL’s premium teams, the Red Wings could be one of the league’s worst this season. They are rebuilding and plan to use several younger players this season.
General manager Ken Holland, 62, was recently given a two-year contract extension. But when Yzerman’s contract expires with Tampa Bay, it’s hard to believe he wouldn’t end up back working for the Red Wings in some capacity.
In Detroit, he could be both a quality family man and do a hockey job the way he likes to do it.
And the list goes on, with The Athletic’s Craig Custance weighing in…
The Yzerman news, according to multiple sources, was shocking for many in the Red Wings organization. Certainly the timing. That he wants to spend more time with his family isn’t.
“His family has never moved down there. (Yzerman’s wife) Lisa goes down there on occasion,” one source told The Athletic. “He’s a family man. I’m sure that’s a factor.”
That was the message from Yzerman himself.
“I feel this change in role is important, important for me, which will allow me to spend more time with my family and also ensure the Tampa Bay Lightning are managed to the standards that (ownership) … has come to expect,” he said.
If we take Yzerman at his word, and he’s provided no reason not to, then that’s an important clue about what comes next after the final year of his contract with Tampa. Yzerman’s answer: “We’re going to play this year and after that I don’t know.”
Commuting from the Detroit area for a job in Tampa isn’t easy. It can take a toll on a father and a family. It also makes the connection to a potential expansion team in Seattle a hard sell. Same with Vancouver, another destination that surfaced in light of Trevor Linden’s departure. Those are even tougher commutes. If he wants, Yzerman can have a summer during which he’s the most courted person in hockey, much like his Team Canada coach Mike Babcock once did. But he already had one of the best GM positions in the game, on one of the best teams, working for one of the best owners, and he walked away.
As did Sportsnet’s Chris Peters…
In recent years, it became common to hear a colleague or scout mention that they crossed paths with Yzerman while flying between Tampa and Detroit – a reflection of the transient lifestyle he endured with an employer based in one city and his family home remaining some 2,000 kilometres away.
So when Yzerman sent a shock through the hockey world on Tuesday afternoon – and there was legitimate shock when news emerged he was handing the keys to Julien BriseBois and stepping into a lower-key role as Tampa’s senior advisor – I immediately thought back to that long-ago tournament in Russia and his decision to spend 30 hours above the clouds in order to claim a few more with his wife and three daughters.
It’s something any partner or parent who logs heavy miles can easily identify with.
The Toronto Star’s Dave Feschuk…
Yzerman is one of just seven Red Wings to have his number retired by the club. He’s second to only Gordie Howe on the all-time franchise scoring list. And thanks to the events of Tuesday, there are those who’ll tell you Yzerman is also a likely candidate to return to the only National Hockey League franchise he ever played for once his one-year obligation with the Lightning runs out.
That’s pure speculation, of course. But it adds up. The 62-year-old Holland, after all, signed a two-year deal in April to remain Detroit’s GM. But Holland has spoken publicly about being open to expanding the hockey IQ of Detroit’s front office. The Red Wings, who’ve missed the playoffs for two straight seasons after a remarkable 25-season run of post-season berths, are in the early stages of a rebuild. And even if Yzerman spoke Tuesday about the strain commuting to and from his NHL job had put on his life, at age 53, it’s hard to imagine he’s set on semi-retirement. Certainly, no matter what his plans, he’ll qualify as a coveted impending free agent. What team that’s not 100 per cent sold on the denizens of its management suite wouldn’t be inclined to call and enquire about his plans? Certainly the potential expansion franchise in Seattle would have to be interested.
Yzerman, whose resumé also includes Olympic gold medals as GM of Canada’s men’s hockey team in 2010 and 2014, was noncommittal when he was asked about his long-term plans.
“In the role I’m in, I’m 100 per cent committed to this year,” Yzerman said. “Beyond this year, I don’t have an answer for you.”
And Deadspin’s Lauren Thiesen penned an article that only Deadspin can publish without guilt:
Of course, you can take “going home” 100 percent literally and just assume Yzerman means he wants to chill out in Bloomfield Hills and eat square pizza with his family. But I’m so freaking ready for meaningful Red Wings hockey again that I don’t give a shit. The fans want him back. The Red Wings have an “internal appetite” to evolve the front office. Yzerman has done nothing to indicate that he doesn’t want to be Detroit’s new GM. I’m buying a brand new Yzerman jersey and there’s nothing you can do to stop me.
Chris Ilitch did speak with the media at the Detroit Tigers’ picture-taking day, as noted by 97.1 the Ticket’s Will Burtchfield…
“Per NHL rules and our own long-term policy, I can’t comment on personnel who are under contract with another organization,” said Ilitch, who also oversees the Red Wings. “I have no regular contact (with Yzerman), but again, it’s not my place to comment.”
And me?
I’ve never been a believer in the theory that Yzerman wants to eventually come back to Detroit, mostly because he’s built the Tampa Bay Lightning into a hell of a team, and as a member of the management of a team that’s going to be a Cup contender for the next 5-7 years, I don’t see why Yzerman would give that up for a Wings team that’s rebuilding…
Or why he’d put up with the Joe Dumars treatment in the media, where every teeny tiny recall from Grand Rapids or Toledo and every single sniff of personnel management would be lauded or lamented with the white-hot intensity of a thousand suns by both the fan base and media. Why put up with that kind of shit?
I just don’t understand why he’d want to take on a monumental task in rebuilding the Wings and a monumental task in dealing with the media pressure of being Steve Yzerman, Red Wings GM.
He’s got a team. I would love it if Steve Yzerman came back, I’ve got his damn autograph, I’ve got his hockey cards, I’ve got an Yzerman jersey in the closet, but I’ll believe it when I see it.
The Malik Report:
George Malik
My name is George Malik, and I'm the Malik Report's editor/blogger/poster. I have been blogging about the Red Wings since 2006, when MLive hired me to work their SlapShots blog, and I joined Kukla's Korner in 2011 as The Malik Report. I'm starting The Malik Report as a stand-alone site, hoping that having my readers fund the website is indeed the way to go to build a better community and create better content. View all posts by George Malik
Posted on September 11, 2018 Author George Malik
3 thoughts on “Surveying Yzermania”
A little less pessimism would be fine with me Mr. Malik
Drake says:
This kind of reminds me of the Bowman situation where he went back to Chicago to be with his family. Another option is that Yzerman takes on an advisor role with the Wings instead of being the GM. Perhaps Holland moves on to Seattle and Yzerman is advisor/mentor for Draper as new GM possibly.
Yzerman is already rich, he doesn’t have to work anywhere full time. If he wants to spend time with his family an advisor role with the Wings would seem pretty ideal.
WingedRider says:
Jimmy D is sometimes full of BS but in reality they can’t talk much about Stevie Y who is still under contract. All I see is Stevie why taking a year of hockey with less stress.
To not resign and dangle in the last year of his contract as GM was another wise move.
What he does July 1 19, who knows. Holland only got a two yr extension which was a bit surprising. Maybe some rebuilding of team Mgmt in 2019?? (PLEASE)
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Tuesday 19 September 2017 - 23:08:03 Posted by Bobby
Previous- November ♦ Up Next- January
The Night Skies of December
Nights are at their longest and days at their shortest in the Northern Hemisphere, and vice versa in the south. Much of the sky as it appears in the far south is occupied by constellations that were never seen by the astronomers of ancient Greece. A bright meteor shower radiates from Gemini in mid-month.
Top 2 Constellations For December
Taurus (The Bull)
Mythology of Taurus
This imposing constellation of the zodiac lies between Aries and Gemini. It represents the bull into which the Greek god Zeus transformed himself to abduct Princess Europa of Phoenicia. Zeus then swam to Crete with the princess on his back. The constellation represents the front half of the bull's body - the part visible above the Mediterranean waves. It contains two major star clusters, the Pleiades and Hyades. In mythology, the Pleiades were the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione, and the cluster is also known as the Seven Sisters; the Hyades were the daughters of Atlas and Aethra. In the sky, the Hyades cluster marks the bull's face, while the red giant star Aldebaran forms the creature's bloodshot eye. The tips of the bull's horns are marked by Beta and Zeta Tauri, magnitudes 1.7 and 3.0. The Sun passes through Taurus from May 14th to June 21st.
Depiction: The Bull
Pronounced: TOR-us
Genitive: Tauri
Abbreviation: Tau
Highest in the Sky: December to January
Size Ranking: 17th
Coverage Area: 797 Sq. Degrees
Right Acension: 4 hours
Declination: 15°
Visibility: 90°N to 56°S
Notable Objects
M1: Crab Nebula
M45: Pleiades
NGC 1647: Open cluster
Named Stars
Aldebaran, Alpha Tauri
Elnath, Beta Tauri
Hyadum I, Gamma Tauri
Hyadum II, Delta Tauri
Ain, Epsilon Tauri
Best Viewed Objects/Stars
Alpha Tauri (Aldebaran)
A red giant star that varies irregularly in brightness between magnitudes 0.75 and 0.95. Although it appears to be a member of the Hyades cluster, it is actually much close to us, being 65 light-years away.
Theta Tauri
A wide double star in the Hyades cluster. Observers with good eyesight can divide the two stars with the naked eye. Theta-1 is a yellow giant, magnitude 3.8; Theta-2 is a white giant of magnitude 3.4, the brightest member of the Hyades.
Lambda Tauri
An eclipsing binary star of the same type as Algol. It ranges between magnitudes 3.4 and 3.9 in a cycle lasting under 4 days.
M1 (The Crab Nebula)
The remains of a supernova that was seen from Earth in AD 1054. Under excellent conditions it can be found with binoculars or a mall telescope, but a moderate aperture is needed to see it well. It is elliptical in shape, appearing midway in size between the disk of a planet and the full Moon. It lies about 6,500 light-years away.
M45 (The Pleiades)
A large, bright open star cluster, easy to see with the naked eye and a superb sight through binoculars, appearing almost four times wider than the full Moon. Its brightest star is Eta Tauri (Alcyone), a blue-white giant of magnitude 2.9. Those with normal eyesight can see about six stars, but dozens are visible through binoculars or a small telescope.
The Hyades
A large, loose V-shaped star cluster easily visible to the naked eye. It is best viewed with binoculars because of its considerable size, being scattered across the apparent width of 10 full Moons. The cluster lies about 150 light-years away.
Gemini (The Twins)
Mythology of Gemini
Gemini is a constellation of the Zodiac, Gemini depicts the mythological twins Castor and Pollux, after whom its two brightest stars are named. The twins sailed with the Argonauts in search of the golden fleece, and they were later regarded by the ancient Greeks as patrons of seafarers. The two stars themselves are not related, though, lying at different distances from us. Gemini sits between Taurus and Cancer, and the Sun passes through it from June 21st to July 20th.
Depiction: The Twins
Pronounced: JEM-in-eye
Genitive: Geminorum
Abbreviation: Gem
Highest in the Sky: January to February
M35: Open cluster
NGC 2392: Eskimo Nebula
Castor, Alpha Geminorum
Pollux, Beta Geminorum
Alhena, Gamma Geminorum
Wasat, Delta Geminorum
Mebsuta, Epsilon Geminorum
Propus, Eta Geminorum
Tejat, Mu Geminorum
Alzirr, Xi Geminorum
Alpha Geminorum (Castor)
A remarkable multiple star. To the naked eye, it appears as a single star of magnitude 1.6. A small telescope divides it into a blue-white pair of stars of magnitudes 1.9 and 2.9. These form a genuine binary with an orbital period of about 470 years. Both of these stars are spectroscopic binaries. A wider companion of 9th magnitude can also be seen with a small telescope. This is, in fact, a close pair of red dwarfs, forming an eclipsing binary. The whole six-star family is just over 50 light-years away.
Beta Geminorum (Pollux)
The brightest star in the constellation and among the 20 brightest in the sky, at magnitude 1.2. It is an orange-colored giant, 34 light-years away. The coloration is more noticeable when the star is viewed through binoculars.
Zeta Geminorum
A Cepheid variable star, ranging between magnitudes 3.6 and 4.2 in a cycle lasting just over 10 days. It is a yellow supergit, about 1,200 light-years away. Binoculars show a wide 8th-magnitude companion, which is unrelated.
Eta Geminorum
A variable red giant about 350 light-years away. It pulsates in size in a cycle lasting about 8 months, varying between magnitudes 3.2 and 3.9 as it does so.
Is a rich open cluster, just visible to the naked eye and easy to see with binoculars. It appears almost as large as the full Moon. Binoculars or a small telescope resolve its individual stars of 8th magnitude and fainter. The cluster lies nearly 3,000 light-years away.
NGC 2392 (The Clown-Face Nebula, The Eskimo Nebula)
A planetary nebula. Its bluish disk, similar in size to the globe of Saturn, is visible through a small telescope, but large apertures are needed to detect the surrounding features that lend it the appearance of a face and give rise to its popular names.
Features of Interest (December/January)
Pleiades Star Cluster
At first glance, this open cluster appears as a hazy Cloud, but a closer look reveals several individual stars. Although the cluster is also called the Seven Sisters, normal eyesight shows only about six stars, people with exceptional vision can see several more and binoculars bring dozens of stars into view.
Hyades Star Cluster
This large, bright open cluster, the closest such cluster to earth, contains more than a dozen stars visible to the naked eye. The Hyades Cluster is related to other stellar groups in the Sun's vicinity. Its age, metallicity, and proper motion coincide with those of the larger and more distant Praesepe Cluster, and the trajectories of both clusters can be traced back to the same region of space, indicating a common origin.
M36, M37, and M38
In the Milky Way star fields of Auriga, a crooked line of three open clusters can be seen through widefield binoculars. M37 is the largest of them, while M36, in the middle of the line, is the smallest but also the easiest to resolve into individual stars with a small telescope.
Meteor Shower Activity
December Meteor Showers
(The Geminids)
The second-best shower of the year radiates from near Castor, in Gemini, reaching a maximum on December 13th, when as many as 100 bright meteors an hour may be seen. Lower rates of activity occur for several days either side of the maximum.
Also Visible This Month
M41 (Canis Major)
M42 (Orion)
M44 (Cancer)
NGC 2070 (Dorado)
NGC 2244 (Monoceros)
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New York Marathon canceled, Bloomberg says
Friday Nov 2, 2012 6:44 AM
The 26.2-mile race that would have wound its way through each borough in the city on Sunday has been canceled, Mayor Bloomberg said, because it has become "the source of controversy and division." NBC's Stephanie Gosk reports.
By Andrew Mach and Elizabeth Chuck, NBC News
NEW YORK – The New York Marathon will not be held Sunday, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said Friday, backtracking just a few hours after he defended the decision to hold it despite heavy criticism as the city struggles back from Superstorm Sandy.
"While holding the race would not require diverting resources from the recovery effort, it is clear that it has become the source of controversy and division," he said in a statement Friday evening shortly after NBC 4 New York and a few other media outlets reported the cancellation.
"We would not want a cloud to hang over the race or its participants, and so we have decided to cancel it," Bloomberg added. "We cannot allow a controversy over an athletic event -- even one as meaningful as this -- to distract attention away from all the critically important work that is being done to recover from the storm and get our city back on track."
Related: NBCNewYork.com coverage of Marathon's cancellation
A few hours earlier, Bloomberg told a press conference that holding the marathon would be a morale and money boost for the city.
“If you think back to 9/11, I think Rudy [Giuliani] made the right decision to run the marathon,” Bloomberg said of his predecessor after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. “It pulled people together and we have to find some ways to express ourselves and show solidarity to each other.”
Mayor Michael Bloomberg defends his decision to keep the New York Marathon on schedule in the wake of Sandy, recalling how the marathon "pulled people together after 911."
The New York City marathon is the world largest, with tens of thousands of participants. In a typical year, New Yorkers line the route’s 26 miles, turning the city into a giant party.
The race winds through all five boroughs, but it starts in hard-hit Staten Island, parts of which look like a disaster zone.
New York City Councilman James Oddo, who represents sections of Staten Island and Brooklyn, had been leading the charge against the marathon.
“If they take one first responder from Staten Island to cover this marathon, I will scream. We have people with no homes and no hope right now,” he posted on Twitter earlier in the week.
At least 19 of New York's 41 deaths occurred in the oft-forgotten borough, home to 500,000. Officials are still searching homes for survivors.
Jonathan Sanger / NBC News
Runners and workers prepare for the New York City Marathon near Central Park in New York, N.Y. where generators were set up on Friday, November 2, 2012 to power a media tent.
The death toll in the U.S. from Superstorm Sandy neared 100 victims on Friday, as New York City reported one more death and Bloomberg warned: "There could be more fatalities."
“The prudent course of action here — postpone the marathon, come back a different day,” Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer told TODAY’s Savannah Guthrie. “Our first priority, let’s help people who lost their homes, who are missing loved ones."
Stringer said downtown Manhattan, the city’s financial hub, "looks like a wasteland" and is not close to being ready for the race, which goes through each of New York’s five boroughs.
Bloomberg had vowed the marathon would not divert any resources from victims, and expected power to be restored to downtown Manhattan by race day.
In defending his decision to go forward, the mayor cited the thousands of out-of-town visitors who come for the marathon.
Richard Drew / AP
Workers assemble the finish line for the New York City Marathon in New York's Central Park, Thursday, Nov. 1, 2012. The crane atop a high rise that collapsed during Superstorm Sandy is visible at background left.
Those visitors need hotel rooms, but many of them already are occupied by New Yorkers displaced from their homes. Richard Nicotra, who owns the Hilton Garden Inn in Staten Island, has refused to throw out evacuees to honor reservations for marathon runners, according to NY1.
With power scarce, the three generators set up Friday to provide electricity to the marathon’s media tent in Central Park along the Upper West Side drew some attention.
The two active generators crank out 800 kilowatts of electricity, which would be enough to power 400 homes, the New York Post reported. The third unit, a backup, sits idle, in case one of others fails, the paper said.
Paul McCarthy, 43, who lives nearby, was walking his dog down Central Park West on Friday as marathon workers and runners whizzed by him.
“I woke up this morning and a lot of people on my Facebook page were saying they should shut it down, but my neighbor just reminded me that a third of the runners come from overseas. So logistically, they wouldn’t be able to reschedule it, I don’t think,” he said. “Maybe it would be a good thing for the city just to get something positive going.”
Vote: Do you think the New York City Marathon should be cancelled?
Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer tells TODAY's Savannah Guthrie he believes Mayor Bloomberg should postpone the New York City marathon as congressman Michael Grimm from Staten Island says he's "angry" over plans to continue with the race
His overall assessment of holding the marathon on Sunday: “Slightly net positive.”
Alberto Eguiguren, 48, a runner from Chile, arrived Thursday night with his two brothers, also marathon runners.
"It shows how the American people are always fighting to have a better country. Even though there was a disaster over the weekend, the people are ready -- not only for the local people but the international, too. We’re here because we really like the States, we really like New York. We really feel it’s one of the best places to run a marathon.... There are a lot of people with damages, but the stores are open, the streets are working. It’s amazing.”
But others are less approving of Bloomberg’s decision.
A Facebook page called “Cancel the 2012 NYC Marathon” had more than 27,000 likes and growing on Friday morning. Claiming to be started by a New York City resident, the page says, “The last thing NYC needs at this time is an extra 100,000 people or so flooding our already devastated streets. Things are not back to normal. Our city is working hard enough to recover please do not complicate things with a race.”
Slideshow: Sandy slams into East Coast
Superstorm Sandy made landfall Monday evening on a destructive and deadly path across the Northeast.
One commenter suggested Bloomberg should “postpone [the race] for a month or so and then use the race as a perfect platform to showcase how ALL 5 BOROUGHS have recovered. That shows resilience, and RESPECT for the citizens who have suffered, without foregoing the economic benefits of the race.”
Another commenter asked, "Who would ever want to go to a war zone to run a marathon?"
The New York Road Runners, which organizes the marathon, said the event will bring $340 million to the city. The club also announced on Thursday that it would donate at least $1 million, or $26.20 for each of the more than 40,000 runners expected to participate, to aid New Yorkers affected by Sandy.
The Rudin Family, one of the founding members of the marathon, said it would donate $1.1 million and the ING Foundation said it would give $500,000.
Reuters contributed to this report.
Nineteen bodies have been found in Staten Island following Hurricane Sandy and many fear the number will rise. A growing number of Staten Islanders are outraged by what they describe as the slow response from relief organizations. NBC News' Ann Curry reports.
Cops: NYC man pulls pistol after cutting in line for gas
Deadliest zone: Staten Island reels from devastation
Sandy power outages could last another 10 days; new winter storm builds
NYC taxis running out of fuel as gasoline lines grow post-Sandy
Wind, flames, Our Fathers: The inside story of Breezy Point's terrible night
'We'll figure out a way': Breezy Point looks ahead
War veterans hit Sandy's front lines for rescues, cleanup
NYC-area airports up and running, albeit slowly
New York trick-or-treaters defy Sandy to celebrate Halloween
How to avoid post-storm insurance and repair scams
New Jersey investigating reports of price gouging
Your Sandy photos: Show us the heroes in your life
Sandy's aftermath: How you can help
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Senior Feature Series: Besnier still on a mission for Mom
Riverview senior Dillon Besnier has been a leader for the Sharks and everything the USF committed senior does, he says is to honor his late mother, Tonya Miller.
Editor's Note: Over the final weeks of the high school baseball season, our staff will be featuring select seniors in our second annual Senior Features Series - a look at some of the great stories and accomplishments of our departing athletes from around the 813. Please follow along and if you think there is a player we need to feature, please contact our editor at jarrettguthrie@813preps.com.
By Bob Bellone
RIVERVIEW – Dillon Besnier will soon be parting ways with people in Riverview High baseball circles who have become dear to him. The standout center fielder has been through worse – so much worse – and come out stronger on the other side.
It was the summer before his varsity debut as a sophomore with the Sharks when his mother, Tonya Miller, died suddenly at 38. Besnier determined to keep her close by living in such a way that she would have been proud.
That ambition remains fresh in his mind.
“Every single day, as soon as I wake up,” he said. “Not even baseball, just everything I do in general. The decisions I make, everything for her.”
Happier Times: Besnier, as a youngster (in the Touchdown jersey) with his late mother, Tonya Miller. (Photo provided by Besnier family)
One decision was to accept a scholarship offer to play baseball for the University of South Florida. He had other choices, but that one thrilled Carolyn Besnier, his paternal grandmother.
“I’m a USF graduate, so I’m so happy that he’s going to be there,” she said. “And it’s close.”
A fixture in the stands for years, Carolyn fondly remembers the eye contact and playful gesturing between mother and son during games. “She was really a good baseball mom. She was here for everything.”
Dillon sensed his mother wasn’t quite finished with him. Take the soggy Class 8A-District 6 title game two years ago when the rain suddenly intensified as he came to bat in the fifth inning.
“I felt like that rain was a sign of her telling me that I had to go up there and do something,” he told 813Preps that night.
The sophomore answered by redirecting a fastball through the left side of the infield, delivering the eventual winning run against host Bloomingdale and the first district championship for the Sharks in five years (take a look back at this game by clicking here for our story).
As a junior, Besnier drilled a two-run homer to help Riverview rally past Plant City and into another showdown with Bloomingdale for the district crown. The Bulls won the rematch, and Besnier can hardly wait for their next postseason clash Tuesday afternoon in the opening round of the 2019 district tournament.
“I want to play Bloomingdale more than anybody,” he said, “just because they beat us last year.”
In 70 career games to date, Besnier produced a .365 batting average with nine home runs – including a county-best six last year – among his 27 extra-base hits. Strong defensive play also contributed to his being named to the Saladino All-Tournament Team and the All-Western Conference Baseball Team for Hillsborough County in each of the past two seasons.
No team could embrace the 6-foot-2, 195-pounder more than his own.
“He’s the best teammate I’ve ever had,” said fellow senior Brendan Herrick, who transferred from Lennard High for his final season. “He leads by example and works really hard. He makes everyone around him better, which I think is the best quality he has. Honestly, I don’t think he has any weaknesses. Everything is his strength.”
Knowing his next high school game could be his last, Besnier looks back with gratitude – especially for former coach Bill Leiby, who stepped down in February after 15 seasons in the Riverview dugout.
“It’s been amazing,” the outfielder said. “Ever since my freshman year, it was a dream for me to come here and play. Ever since then it’s been a ride.”
Regarding the road ahead, his hopes are riding on a trip to the College World Series.
“I think about that, honestly, every single day,” he said. “Anytime I’m scrolling through any type of social media and I see big-time guys, I’m like, I can’t wait until that’s me some day.”
Ronnie Rodriguez, a longtime Leiby assistant now in charge, will not be surprised by any level of success Besnier achieves. “I think if he relaxes and does what he does, he’s got a chance to go to the pro level,” he said.
Rodriguez then turned up the praise. “He’s such a good kid. He’s so respectable. He’s been raised right. He’ll do anything for you. He’s a pleasure, a kid you’d love to coach.”
A kid who could make a mother proud.
- Bob Bellone, with nearly a half-century of experience in sports journalism, is in his second season with 813Preps.com.
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JUJ and Vic Mensa on Their New Collaboration and Staying Real
Michael Love Michael
Rising 19-year-old pop artist JUJ just released her debut EP, JUJ, It's U, an empowering collection culled from the effortlessly, feel-good sounds and styles of mid-'90s R&B.
On bittersweet lead single "Mood," the singer-songwriter from Philadelphia weighs the pros and cons of moving to Los Angeles to pursue her music career. Ultimately, she decides that her dreams won't come true without action.
Related | Vic Mensa: Hometown Hero
And it seems those dreams are rapidly coming to fruition: recently, she worked with revived streetwear brand, Champion for a sold-out collaboration. Just last week, JUJ released a new version of "Mood," on which Chicago rapper Vic Mensa lays down his own verse detailing his experience pursuing his dreams with vivid, somber detail.
Listen to the track, below. Also, JUJ and Vic Mensa talk to each other about transitioning from underground to mainstream success, writing truthfully, and overcoming obstacles.
JUJ: I'm so excited about the new "Mood" verse. I just wanted to hear your thoughts about when you first heard it and how the verse inspired you?
Vic Mensa: You know, I first connected with "Mood" when I heard it. When you're speaking about moving to California, the fears or other people's fears and doubts associated with breaking out of a shell. That's something I can relate to. Because most people that I grew up with never left. They're still in Chicago, so that's the place I went to when I started writing my verse. I usually write things in the studio, but with this one I was just walking around the house thinking about what it was like when I left home significantly for the first time. When I was 17 years old and I started going out on the road. People's expectations, limitations, and the boundaries they wanted to put on me were the things that I set out to overcome. Those are the things that I was inspired to write about.
JUJ: Did you ever have doubts about leaving while being in Chicago? Doubts about moving out to LA when you were 17?
Mensa: I didn't move to LA when I was 17. I just started moving around. I always knew for me to go where I wanted to in my life that I was gonna have to leave home. I keep such a strong connection to home. I do so many things in Chicago, but sometimes it's better for me to be a little bit outside the situation to be more impactful.
"I don't know many people who have a similar situation to us moving away from home to pursue a career at 17." — JUJ
JUJ: Yeah. I don't know many people who have a similar situation to us moving away from home to pursue a career at 17, so when I heard your verse it felt very authentic to my story about the struggles and hardships. There's not many people who have experienced that, so it really touched me.
Mensa: Word up!
JUJ: I was telling my team that during my freshman and sophomore year of high school "Liquor Locker" [from your 2016 album, There's Alot Going On] was the song of those years.
Mensa: Wow! That's what's up. That's super dope!
JUJ: That was super big on the East Coast and a huge thing. You really impacted rap a lot on the east coast with that song. I just wanted to ask if you had any advice or anything to say on your come up from the underground to mainstream?
Mensa: I think that as time has past for me, the goal and the trajectory has been to come closer into myself. Trying to maintain the motivations that inspired me to make music in the first place. The necessity to describe things happening in the world around me. To make sense of them, to make sense of my emotions and my relationships. Those are the things that really galvanized me to pick up a pen in the first place. And as more attention or fortune has come my way, it's been a process of maintaining myself and staying [true to] myself... So JUJ, how is it for you being a new artist or having a breakout moment right now?
JUJ: Well, I feel like it's been something I've been anticipating my whole life. Like you're saying, if there's always been something in me that feels like I want to do more, and was bound to move away, and take everything I've learned from my roots and use it. For instance, my music. I'm trying not to be another 19-year-old writing relationship songs. I'm trying to write about some social issues. Whether it's challenging my generation to rise above the norm or like you with immigration [in your new video "Camp America"]. I'm not trying to be another breakup, relationship artist that gets thrown away on the side with the rest. Has there been anything significant in your life that you'd say you had to overcome that impacted your career?
"I had a lot of issues with drugs and everything that comes along with a quote-unquote rock star lifestyle. Those things can start to consume you." — Vic Mensa
Mensa: Addiction is probably the first thing that comes to mind. I had a lot of issues with drugs and everything that comes along with a quote-unquote rock star lifestyle. Those things can start to consume you. They transform you. At a point in time, I found myself feeling very reliant on drugs, alcohol, and other things to function or feel okay. I realized there was a problem. So many young artists are passing away right now from fentanyl [overdoses].
JUJ: Do you feel like this shaped your career in any way?
Mensa: I feel like as a human being knowing addiction is something that gives you a kinship to other addicts and a specific perspective on the world. You know what it's like to be in that position, so I think that 100 percent shaped parts of me as a human, and then by proxy as an artist, as well.
Photography: Doryn Fine
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Home » News » Bill Hader and Amy Schumer Prove Winning is Everything in Hilarious New Video
Bill Hader and Amy Schumer Prove Winning is Everything in Hilarious New Video
By Scarlet Biberstein @scarletmgross on February 18, 2015
The new promo for the 2015 MTV Movie Awards has us rolling in the movie theater aisles. Just when you thought you’ve achieved the zen pinnacle of wisdom for peace in all things according to your childhood tee-ball coach, Bill Hader and Amy Schumer have arrived on scene to deliver the ultimate reality check. Of course winning is everything.
That is the theme of their campaign to have us all tuning in to the MTV Movie Awards on April 12th hosted by Amy Schumer which is traditionally filmed at the Nokia Theater and known for breaking all sorts of awards season rules. Judging by Schumer’s particular shade of humor, this year is sure to hold a few comedic shockers.
Amy Schumer participated in the reality show Last Comic Standing on NBC and came in fourth place in their fifth season. She also came in second in Comedy Central’s Reality Bites Back. She currently stars in her own show Inside Amy Schumer on Comedy Central.
Though Amy Schumer is starting to get quite a footing as a comedian in Hollywood, audiences are still on the fence. This will be her first foray into the world of hosting and she has some big shoes to fill. Last year’s host was Conan O’Brien.
She also wrote and is starring opposite Bill Hader in the movie Trainwreck which is set to be released in July 2015. It looks like we will all be starting to see a lot more of Amy Schumer.
Be sure to catch the MTV Movie Awards with Amy Schumer on Sunday, April 12th at 8/7c and see Hader and Schumer destroy a movie theater below.
Silk Road Documentary ‘Deep Web’ Debuts Trailer Before SXSW
New trailer and poster for indie documentary 'Deep Web' about Silk Road lands before SXSW premiere.
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When History and Its Myths Interfere with Today’s Issues
April 2, 2013 by White House Chronicle Leave a Comment
Justice Anthony Kennedy nailed it when he said the Supreme Court was in uncharted waters when considering same-sex marriage. He might also have said that this means that society is unburdened with myth and legacy on this issue and can consider it almost on it merits; whereas homosexuality is as old and permanent as time, marriage between homosexuals is a new concept in the organization of human affairs.
Actually, the justices are facing something antithetical to their purposes: a clean slate. For the rest of society, a clean slate is almost unachievable. But when it does happen — when law, conduct and invention are unhampered by the legacy of the past and myths that are codified into principles — wonderful things happen. For example:
1. The U.S. Constitution, where the old building blocks of political organization were rearranged into something totally new and marvelous.
2. The computer age, where ideas and inventions — largely because they weren't limited by previous ones — have changed the entire human system of work and communication.
3. Modern art, where millennia of tradition had established rigidities that defined what was art and its production, added to the sum of the medium and allowed a new voice of expression.
4. Rock and Roll, where a new form eclipsed the popular music of the time and was able to borrow from the blues, jazz and other sources without accepting their rigidities. It vastly enlarged the musical firmament.
The shadows of history and its attendant myths reach down into the present; sometimes informing and guiding, but also inhibiting.
The old way of doing things, the old of thinking, the old slavery to myth is comforting and provides society with order and stability. But at the frontiers of human experience it's distorting. That's why innovators have to leave their old-line companies and branch out of their own, why new art is at war with critics and the artistic establishment, and why medical research is often inhibited by the traditions of medicine.
The European Union, for all of its faults, was a bold attempt to free Europe from the bonds of its history and the internecine war which they created. The Middle East is in chaos, as ancient and modern history play out – from Biblical times through World War I and World War II. History won’t let go of it, denying it a new beginning. Ireland’s inability to shake history has cost it dearly, as has bitter relationship between Greece and Turkey. Ditto Kashmir and many other trouble spots.
Happily, the implosion of the Soviet Union left little myth to perpetuate its failures; there's not a lot of yearning for a failed idea. The myth of the system's superiority perished with it.
Alas, Congress is always convulsed by the past; not the past of ancient history, but the past of the last election. One of Washington’s wiser political figures, former Sen. Howard Baker, who later served as Ronald Reagan’s chief of staff, told me that to understand Congress, you have to understand that it's a retrospective body, always reacting to the last election. Indeed.
My reading of this is that if President Obama can't refocus Congress, take it to a new place with new ideas, even if they are new ideas about old issues, then Congress will perpetuate the rancor of the last election with its outrages, false facts and perpetuated myths. That’s what the president must be indicted for – not for being a Democrat or the tragedy in Benghazi, or for trying to revamp our health payment system.
Inappropriately, Congress doesn't have a clean slate; uncomfortably, the Supreme Court has one. — For the Hearst-New York Times Syndicate
Filed Under: King's Commentaries Tagged With: Congress, European Union, Justice Anthony Kennedy, President Obama, Soviet Union, Supreme Court
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March Construction Unemployment Rates Down Year-over-year in 37 States
Wednesday, May 2, 2018 4:18 PM - stover@abc.org - ABC News, Economics -
The March 2018 not seasonally adjusted (NSA) national construction unemployment rate was down 1 percent from March 2017, and estimated construction unemployment rates also fell in 37 states on a year-over-year basis, according to an analysis of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data released by ABC. The national unemployment rate was 7.4 percent, the lowest national March rate on record.
At the same time, the construction industry employed 246,000 more workers than in March 2017.
“Demand for construction workers in March continued to be strong despite the usual wild spring weather in parts of the country,” said Bernard M. Markstein, Ph.D., president and chief economist of Markstein Advisors, who conducted the analysis for ABC. “Healthy demand for construction workers is most noticeable in the demand for skilled construction workers. However, recent building materials price increases, particularly for steel and aluminum, present the greatest threat to continued strong growth of construction activity and employment.”
Because these industry-specific rates are not seasonally adjusted, national and state-level unemployment rates are best evaluated on a year-over-year basis. The monthly movement of the rates still provides some information, although extra care must be used in drawing conclusions from these variations.
From the beginning of the data series in January 2000 through March 2017, the national NSA construction unemployment rate from February to March has decreased 15 times, increased twice (2008 and 2012) and been unchanged once (2016). The rate for March 2018 adds another reading to the decrease side, down 0.4 percent from February. Among the states, 36 were down, 13 were up and one (Maryland) was unchanged from February.
The states with the lowest estimated NSA construction unemployment rates in order from lowest to highest were:
1. Colorado and Iowa (tie), 4.1 percent
3. Nebraska, 4.3 percent
4. Virginia, 4.4 percent
5. Idaho, 4.6 percent
Three of these top states were in the top five in February: Idaho, Colorado and Virginia.
Colorado and Iowa tied for the lowest rate in March. Colorado was up from the third lowest rate in February based on revised data (previously reported as the second lowest rate). It was the state’s second lowest March rate after last year’s 4 percent rate since March 2001 (3.6 percent). Iowa jumped from tied with Michigan for the 27th lowest rate in February. It was the state’s second lowest March rate on record behind the 4 percent rate in March 2000. Iowa also had the largest monthly decline in the nation from February, down 4.4 percent.
Nebraska had the third lowest March construction unemployment rate, up from 10th lowest rate in February.
Virginia posted the fourth lowest rate in March for the second month in a row. It was Virginia’s lowest estimated March rate since its 3.9 percent rate in March 2006.
Idaho had the fifth lowest March rate, down from lowest rate in February. Nonetheless, it was the state’s second lowest estimated March rate on record behind its 4 percent rate in March of last year.
Louisiana, which had the second lowest rate in February based on revised data (previously reported as fifth lowest rate), dropped to 18th lowest in March, 6.7 percent. The state had the largest monthly increase from February, up 2.4 percent. This likely was due to an influx of construction workers from other states seeking employment and previously discouraged unemployed construction workers reentering the job market. However, this was still Louisiana’s second lowest estimated March rate on record behind its 3.9 percent rate in March 2006.
Hawaii, which had the fifth lowest rate in February based on revised data (previously reported as the third lowest rate), fell to 15th lowest in March with a 6.5 percent rate. The state had the second largest monthly increase from February, up 1.4 percent.
The states with the highest NSA construction unemployment rates in order from lowest to highest were:
46. New Mexico, 11.1 percent
47. Montana, 11.8 percent
48. West Virginia, 11.9 percent
49. Rhode Island, 14.1 percent
50. Alaska, 22.2 percent
Four of these states—Alaska, Montana, Rhode Island and West Virginia—were also among the bottom five states in February.
For the ninth month in a row, Alaska had the highest rate in the nation. Given that these estimates are not seasonally adjusted, a high construction unemployment rate for the state often occurs at this time of year. Nevertheless, Alaska posted the second largest monthly decline in the country, down 3.7 percent.
Rhode Island had the second highest rate in March, the same as in February. Along with Wyoming, the state posted the third largest monthly decrease in the country, down 3.2 percent. It was the Ocean State’s lowest March rate since the 12 percent rate in March 2007.
West Virginia had the third highest estimated NSA construction unemployment rate in March compared to fourth highest in February.
Montana had the fourth highest construction unemployment rate in March, compared to third highest in February. The state had the second highest year-over-year increase in its rate, up 1.1 percent, behind Arkansas’ 2.1 percent increase.
New Mexico had the fifth highest rate in March compared to the eighth highest rate in February. This was the state’s lowest March rate since its 10.6 percent rate in March 2014. The state also had the fourth largest year-over-year drop in its rate, down 2.7 percent.
Pennsylvania, which had the fifth highest rate in February, had the 10th highest rate in March with a 9.8 percent construction unemployment rate. This was Pennsylvania’s lowest March rate since the 8.6 percent rate in March 2006. The state also had the third largest year-over-year decline in the country, down 2.8 percent, and the fifth largest monthly decline, down 3 percent.
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International Women’s Day: Remembering girls denied the right to life
Over 60 million women in India missing in past decade, #VanishingGirls campaign continues to educate women about their rights
NEW DELHI, India – Though Friday’s International Women’s Day is celebrated across the world, women are still seen as less valuable than men in many countries, including India, attorneys with ADF India explain. The practice of sex-selective abortion is one such indicator and is a persistent threat to girls’ lives.
India has lost more than 60 million women in the past decade alone due to the widespread use of this practice. Twenty-one million girls are unwanted by their family in the country today, according to the 2018 Economic Survey that the Indian government issued.
“In our country, 50,000 babies are aborted every month for one reason: They are girls instead of boys,” said ADF India Director Tehmina Arora. “India’s skewed sex ratio shows that, as a nation, we have failed girls. They are either aborted or, once born, subject to various forms of violence. It’s time to address this issue, especially on International Women’s Day.”
“Every child is precious,” Arora continued. “Both women and men have an equal right to life and liberty. Our nation cannot afford to lose its little girls to discrimination and neglect. India’s future is interlinked with the lives of the women and girls of the country. Whoever believes that women share the same rights as men cannot turn a blind eye to what is happening in India today.”
The #VanishingGirls campaign is an initiative of ADF India launched in 2016 which advocates for the right to life. It particularly focuses on the practice of sex-selective abortion in India.
In addition to raising awareness about sex-selective abortion, ADF India’s #VanishingGirls campaign also advocates for a correct implementation of the Pre-Conception Pre-Natal Diagnostics Techniques Act that India adopted in 1994. The law is an important instrument in the fight against sex-selective abortion and could help bring a gradual change to Indian society, in which women and girls are still heavily discriminated against. Implementation of the act, however, has been poor and sporadic in most parts of the country.
“International Women’s Day serves as a reminder that, tragically, countless girls in India are killed before birth simply because they are girls,” said ADF International Executive Director Paul Coleman. “Sex-selective abortion has had a profound impact on Indian society as seen by the status of women that country.”
ADF International is an alliance-building, non-profit legal organization that advocates for the right of people to freely live out their faith.
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Adrian inspires
Adrian Reynolds
'IN ADDITION TO A YES AND NO, THE UNIVERSE CONTAINS A MAYBE' Robert Anton Wilson
A lot of people get upset about grey areas, wanting there to be a definitive yes or no to the questions that concern them. Only, more often than not, life has complexities beyond the options of Stop or Go - the number of voters saying they'd vote differently if asked about leaving Europe a second time is a good indicator.
Whatever impetus went into people voting to leave, the consequences of doing so went way beyond what anyone envisaged. Not long after, we're wandering round dazed wondering where the Prime Minister went. And what happened to Boris Johnson and Nigel Farage? They were all about rallying the public before Brexit, and have gone strangely silent in the aftermath.
Owing to our tendency to believe that people either think this or think that, it's possible that you believe I'm a fan of the EU following that opening. And it's not that straightforward - I voted Remain, less out of a passion for a wildly bureaucratic institution that exists primarily to perpetuate its own growth, than because on balance I'd rather have stuck with a not-so-super superstate than risk Britain's chances free of that shelter.
What's this obsession we have with there being two choices? It's factored into so much of what we do. Our default is to think in terms of two political parties, even though there are more - as if the big issues those parties have to get to grips with conveniently sort into two piles, each side standing on top to be clearly identified.
More than that, it's implicit within the way we code our perceptions. People are either male or female, black or white, straight or gay, freshly labelled for your convenience, to avoid having to expend energy on more detailed consideration.
Only, that's not remotely how it is.
Our binary tendencies might have served us reasonably well in a simpler world, but aren't at all adequate for the 21st century. Scratch that...it's only 2016 in the Gregorian calendar. In the Assyrian worldview it's 6766, in Korea it's 4349, and if you're Burmese it's 1378 - the year is a function of where you landed when you were born. Same with gender - we favour male and female as the poles, some other cultures suggest three, and more and more biologists are inclined to favour that perspective.
We're wired to think in either/or ways, and can get outside those limitations. Hard to believe, when you see people like Donald Trump banging the drum for whatever hate-filled stuff he knows will strike a chord with his supporters, who having been fucked over by successive governments are willing to grasp for anything that looks like an easy answer and fits with the hurt and bewilderment they feel at a world that no longer seems to need their services.
Yet up the road in Canada, Justin Trudeau shows off some of his yoga moves to reporters, and demonstrates equivalent mental flexibility when he tackles a question about quantum computing, giving a succinct explanation of what it means to have digital systems that rather than choosing between 0 and 1 have a third option available. And it's the third option we need if we're going to make the most of the futures available to us.
Just 0.2% of the British public will get to decide who our next Prime Minister is. That's the number of people who as members of the Conservative Party get to make that vote, and they're a gerentocracy: the average age of this pro-authoritarian, anti-EU bunch, is around 60. Many people that age evidence suspicion about the naivety of the young, but my experience is it's exactly that kind of openness that will shape a brighter time to come.
Now, what I'm going to say is purely anecdotal, but it's very much the case that the young people I know are switched-on in ways that amaze me. I come across teens and sometimes work with 20-somethings, and what I encounter for the most part is people accepting of difference in all forms, and who actively contribute to furthering that awareness in their communication, work, and choices.
While silverback politicians gesticulate and point to the imaginary differences between people as evidence of evil to distract voters from the structural causes of injustice, a new world is being quietly created. Its distinguishing characteristic is people who when confronted with something they don't understand, approach it with curiosity and openness, rather than assuming that 'unknown' is synonymous with 'threat'.
Tagged: politics, millenials, diversity, binaries
Newer PostMEMORY OF A FREE FESTIVAL
Older PostHATE MEANS TAKING THINGS ENTIRELY TOO SERIOUSLY
adrian@adrianinspires.com
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ARMINIUS: The Liberator of Europe
06:16 WhiteRevolution No comments
TWO THOUSAND YEARS AGO A HERO LIVED, a charismatic man who changed the course of global history. Yet his name, Arminius, or Hermann, or Armin, is seldom heard. The Germanics probably called him Armin, but his name became Hermann in the centuries to follow (generally attributed to Martin Luther). The Romans knew him as Arminius, it being the habit of the Romans to add the suffix “ius” or “us” to names. Here is his story . . .
BY MERLIN MILLER
Arminius was a Germanic prince, who, with the greatest distinction, served the Roman empire. He commanded their first German auxiliary cavalry and achieved the status of Roman citizen and knight (eques). As a boy, Arminius and his younger brother, Flavus, were taken to Rome and indoctrinated and trained to promote the glory of the ever-expanding Roman empire, this also being a custom of the Romans to “borrow” the sons of “barbarian” chieftains for a time for just this purpose.
But upon return to his homeland in Germania, Arminius witnessed the tyranny and oppression of his own people at the hands of the Roman occupiers. The Germanic tribes were fiercely independent and racially Nordic and not accustomed to the imposition of unfair laws, physical abuses and taxes without their consent. Justice became as foreign as the new Roman governor, Varus—a privileged, yet lecherous and loathsome tyrant.
Varus was tasked by Augustus Caesar to bring Germania to her knees—in unquestioning servitude to Rome. As a tribal noble and commander of all of the auxiliary forces in Germania, Arminius was assigned to assist the languorous, yet power-consumed governor. Arminius knew the ways of both the Romans and the Germans and became an invaluable advisor—but one torn by his sworn loyalty to Rome and his natural loyalty to his land and kinfolk, with their sense of fair play and justice.
Arminius also met and fell in love with a beautiful German princess, Thusnelda. Their love story is one of the greatest and most unbelievable in history, yet true. Thusnelda’s father, Segestes, an ambitious noble who saw the benefits of serving Rome, condemned the union and became a bitter foe to Arminius. But the young lovers defied him and eloped—setting off a string of events that changed the face of the continent.
Many of the German nobles benefited by their allegiance to Rome, but the people suffered and Arminius and his bride became acutely aware. Unlike any other, he determined to free his people from the evils of Rome, although it meant risking everything—title, wealth and family. He secretly began to organize the ever-quarrelsome tribes and planned to rid their lands of the invaders. This was an impossible task, as Rome, at the peak of her empire’s power, had several invincible legions—10,000 to 12,000 battle-hardened and well-equipped soldiers plus their many attendants—stationed in Germania. Also, the Germans were often pitted against each other, and many could not be trusted. In fact, Segestes would betray Arminius to Varus at a final banquet, exposing Arminius’ revolutionary plans, before the Romans were to leave their summer encampment for their winter Rhine forts. But the Roman governor was so impressed by Arminius and the perceived ridiculousness of the allegation, that he did not believe the charges.
Arminius had the wits and charm to turn this betrayal into a seemingly ongoing family squabble of Segestes’ resentment for the loss of his daughter. Subsequently, during the trek, and with stunning surprise, Arminius did lead the unimaginable attack on Rome’s three best legions, totally destroying them and capturing their fallen “eagles,” in the year A.D. 9, exactly 2,000 years ago. In fact, the major fight took place on the ninth day of the ninth month of the year 9, a strangely symbolic date—9-9-9.
This defeat, regarded by authorities as one of the 10 most important battles in man’s long history, was partially enabled by Arminius’s skill at deception—learned from the Romans. But most important was Arminius’s courageous leadership ability, his keen understanding of Roman tactics and his unique familiarity with the terrain and weather—all enemies to the disciplined, yet unsuspecting Roman soldiers with their traditional formations and predictable maneuvers. The gods also favored a Germanic onslaught by bringing down a torrent of cold rain, which further demoralized the weary and confused Romans.
Arminius’s success brought peace and self-rule to his people for a time, but it was to be short lived. The Romans would return, under Tiberius Caesar’s rule, to attempt a punitive re-conquest of Germania. Arminius again rose to the occasion and led the Germanic resistance—even fighting against his own brother, who remained loyal to Rome. Flavus was more impressionable when he was sent to Rome and its grandeur and debauchery had greater effect on his dogmatic character. Their dramatic confrontation across the Weser River is one for the ages, as Arminius publicly chastised his brother as a traitor to his Volk.
Arminius’s victories and Rome’s costly campaigns for reoccupation, under General Germanicus, ultimately led to Rome’s abandonment of the conquest again, this time leaving for good. But during the most difficult times, Segestes betrayed his own daughter—allowing Germanicus to take her without a fight and aiding the Romans in her capture. She was pregnant with Arminius’s son, and they were never again to be reunited. But her noble bearing, and unwavering loyalty to her husband, were held
in the highest regard by the Romans, even as she and her son were paraded before the rabble of Rome in a triumphal parade.
Arminius’s story is one of love and of noble sacrifice for the most honorable of causes—the freedom of his people. He spent years trying to further unify the tribes and establish a form of nationhood, which might have enabled the return of his wife and son, but he was undermined by power-hungry rivals. Ironically, it was Roman historians who recorded the deeds of Arminius, and their writings reflect the greatest respect for their most capable and enterprising enemy—the man who utterly defeated them on more than one occasion.
Like a Greek tragedy, Arminius was eventually murdered and Germany’s unification would need to wait for many centuries. In Germany today, Arminius should be regarded as their greatest hero—an ancient-era George Washington. It was a direct result of Arminius’s defiance to the tyrannies of empire that ensured the northern half of Europe would not become Romanized, but rather Anglo-Saxonized—the impact of which would resonate throughout the world and throughout history, to the present day. However among German youth, he is virtually an unknown quantity—lost in the political correctness of an insidiously expanding modern-day globalist empire—a New World Order, which increasingly undermines traditional heroes and nationalism, not only in Germany, but throughout European derived Western Civilizations.
CELEBRATING HIS MEMORY
My wife and I traveled to Germany in the summer of 2008 and visited the Hermannsdenkmal (Arminius Monument). It is a most impressive sculpture, completed in 1875, which rises above Teutoburg Forest near Detmold, Germany. Surprisingly, there were hardly any tourists, German or otherwise. It was as though he had been abandoned, waiting for the reawakening of his people. The museum in Detmold only had a small section dedicated to Arminius.
We also visited the battle site, near Kalkriese—which was discovered in 1987 through the efforts of an amateur British archeologist, who found numerous Roman coins, battle implements and other remains. A large visitor center and unseemly museum has been built, but they look as if they were designed to deter tourists, instead of welcome them.
This year, 2009, is the bimillenial German celebration of the “Varus-Schlacht” (Varus battle) fought 2,000 years ago nearly to the day. From May to October, many events are planned for all ages. Even Chancellor Angela Merkel attended the opening ceremonies in May. The Hermannsdenkmal has not seen such large numbers of visitors for decades.
During the summer, as many as 20,000 visitors came on one weekend. Many other Europeans took part in the festivities. The Hermmansdenkmal has found its day in the sun in spite of video games, i-pods, Facebook and other useless diversions.
Three museum exhibits explaining Hermann’s battle to defeat the Romans will educate and inspire the public and reinforce the importance of the victory to Germans and all peoples of European descent. Even schoolchildren are learning about this great culture hero. It seems, despite unrelenting attempts to suppress it, the German spirit is reborn.
THE NEW ROME
In America, as in ancient Rome, we have been transitioning from a Republic to an Empire—and it is also destroying us. Like the Roman army, our military is spread very thin, trying to maintain forces in over 130 countries. We are fighting unjust and undeclared wars, and the cost in human life, ill will and financial indebtedness cannot be forever maintained.
Like the Roman Senate, our Congress also serves special interests rather than the interests of our people—creating an atmosphere of injustice and imbalance. Unconstitutional laws are being enacted daily, which further restrict our individual rights and pit various entities against each other by granting favored status to select groups.
Government has grown well beyond our Constitutional guidelines and a surreptitious police state is developing. Our currency is collapsing under the weight of the Federal Reserve’s unethical and unconstitutional interest charges and our government has gone on a socialist spending spree—with a philosophy of spreading the wealth and destroying any sense of personal or governmental responsibility. We are outsourcing our productivity through unfair trade agreements and the middle class is disappearing. Times as challenging as those faced by Arminius loom
fatefully ahead for an unsuspecting America.
Like ancient Rome, we have become a multicultural, multiracial nation of immigrant servants and dependent wards— many of whom do not wish to assimilate with our traditional national identity. America’s “empire,” controlled by a select and self-ordained few, appears to be forcing the furtherance of a New World Order, which will totally destroy all national sovereignties and lead to a borderless, globalist “Third World” where the masses are governed by a parasitic ruling elite—Rome revisited.
Bizarre, to be sure—but throughout history, the quest for wealth and power has led ruthless men to conspire for their own gain. The result has usually been wars and famine, profiting a few and destroying the many. And today, the potential for a global armageddon is greater than ever.
Over the last one hundred years, the most effective enabler for empire builders has been the media. In all forms—motion pictures, television, radio and print—the public has been fed an increasing diet of false or superficial news and increasingly decadent entertainment. In Roman times, the masses were similarly entertained with violent and debasing diversions including life-and-death spectacles of all sorts at the local coliseum. When you can control the minds of the masses, you can convince them that any falsehood is true and any truth is false. You can also excite them to action—through manipulative intrigues.
The most effective forms of propaganda are usually cloaked in entertainment and through a steady process of indoctrination, we adopt beliefs and attitudes that are often contrary to our own best interests and nature. If we ask why the family unit is failing, faith is disappearing, ethnic identity is shunned and nationalism is scorned, the answer lies with the overwhelming effects of a mainstream media that is totally owned and controlled by a small, but cohesive group—dedicated to our destruction.
Hollywood has a definite agenda, which serves internationalists’ designs and is determined to undermine traditional American values and all that we hold dear—including; family, faith, ethnic identity and national sovereignty.
WHERE ARE OUR HEROES?
Where are our heroes today? Why do we only worship antiheroes, who promote decadence and despair? Why do our youth know so much more about Michael Jackson, Anna Nicole Smith and Madonna than real heroes? The answer most definitely lies with this controlled media—a great weapon—greater in power than all the legions of Rome. Our people need positive role models again. We need heroes—brave and honorable—who are willing to fight for truth, justice and liberty. We must be willing to sacrifice, as Arminius did, for the preservation of freedom and an honorable way of life.
Born and raised in Des Moines, Iowa, MERLIN MILLER graduated from West Point. He served several years in the U.S. Army, where he commanded two units and then worked as an industrial engineering manager for Michelin Tire Co. In 1983, he was accepted into the University of Southern California’s “Peter Stark Motion Picture Producing Program,” graduating in 1985 with an MFA degree in cinema and television. He has since been an independent screenwriter, motion picture producer/director and media instructor. His films include A Place to Grow, starring Gary Morris and Wilford Brimley, and Jericho, starring Mark Valley, Leon Coffee and R. Lee Ermey. Mr. Miller is now building Americana Pictures, a motion picture production and distribution company, as a quality alternative to Hollywood. The company is developing several feature-length screenplays by working with talent outside the mechanisms of Hollywood.
Posted in: Anti Zog Media,Editorial,Europe,Indo-European,USA
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Economics - East Africa - Ethiopia - United Kingdom - Trade - Development
Ethiopia and U.K. forge closer economic ties
Tuesday 29 March 2011 / by Yohannes Anberbir
Ethiopia and United Kingdom are soon to sign a Double Taxation Agreement (DTA) that aims to give further impetus to growing trade and investment relations between the two countries.
The signing of the DTA is expected to eliminate double taxation, until now a challenge for businesses operating between Ethiopia and the United Kingdom. According to Ethiopia’s Trade Ministry, the move is also meant to strengthen and boost trade and investments between the two countries.
The announcement follows a visit at the weekend by a delegation of more than ten British business missions, headed by London Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI), to Ethiopia.
Chairman of LCCI, Subhash Tuakror, who led the business mission comprising of a wide range of sectors, including agriculture, laboratory equipment, power distribution, among others, signed a cooperation agreement with the Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce and Sectoral Associations (AACCSA).
The agreement should help promote and strengthen the development of economic and trade relations and co-operation between member companies of both parties on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.
During the signing ceremony on Monday, March 28, Ayalew Zegeye, chairman of AACCSA, pointed out to his UK counterparts that there is immense investment opportunity in the areas of agriculture, manufacturing, construction, real estate, tourism and mining, among others, and invited them to invest freely in Ethiopia.
Tuakror on his part said he hoped the agreement would strengthen the existing trade relationships between the two countries and also bolster the enthusiasm of UK investors to invest in Ethiopia.
Bilateral trade between the two countries in the year 2005 fetched about 98 million pounds which more than doubled after four years, reaching 205 million pounds in 2009.
Power generating machinery and transport equipment are among the major exports of UK to Ethiopia which is currently undertaking massive works on large hydropower generation projects in order to satisfy a growing electric power demand not only in the country but the sub-region as well.
Ethiopia intends to generate foreign currency by exporting electricity to its neighbors, including Kenya, Sudan and Djibouti. So far, three countries have agreed to import power from Ethiopia upon completion of a number of hydro electric dams.
The Horn of Africa country’s economic progress and gradual development of massive power generation infrastructure have seen an annual average growth of exports, by UK companies, hit 22 per cent, reaching 120 million pounds in 2009 from 53 million pounds in 2005, according to statistics obtained from the British Embassy in Addis Ababa.
Apart from its main traditional export product, coffee, Ethiopia’s major agricultural exports include leather, oilseeds, sugar and gold production, which has grown in importance in recent years.
• Ethiopia: Egyptian fears over new dam ’groundless’
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I-601 and I-601A Hardship Waivers
Extreme hardship does not have any useful definition under immigration law in the U.S. Providing proof that your qualifying relative would definitely suffer extreme hardship is a key requirement for both I-601A and I-601 waivers. A I-601 waiver is often used by a U.S. citizen or permanent resident who has a recognized relationship with an undocumented immigrant who could get deported.
I-601A waivers affect immigrants who have been unlawfully in the U.S. for a period that exceeds 180 days and who would normally be asked to leave the country for three or ten years in order to change immigration status. The I-601A waiver offers a way for an immigrant in this situation to stay with his or her family in the U.S. while obtaining legal residency. Certain close relatives of U.S. citizens can use this form to ask for a provisional waiver for unlawful presence under certain sections of the Immigration and Nationality Act before leaving the country to visit a U.S. embassy or consulate for an interview for an immigrant visa. The big difference is that with an I-601A, the immigrant knows before he leaves whether he will be allowed back in, assuming no other bars to entry apply.
The applicant is required to produce evidence that would indicate any forced return to his or her original country with any immediate family, which could be parents, spouse and children, that extreme hardship would result. As the term “extreme hardship” is not well defined in the Immigration and Nationality Act case law, previous applicants’ outcomes, as determined by the USCIS decisions, give an idea of what constitutes extreme hardship such as:
health concerns, including mental health of family members left behind in the US who will be disadvantaged if a family member was forced out of the country;
educational issues related to children especially if a child needs special help which would not be possible if returned to his or hers own country;
family ties left behind in the U.S. would include most of the person’s family and would mean the family would be broken up;
economic disadvantage to the family left behind in the U.S. if the relative told to leave is a breadwinner;
the present economic and political conditions in the country where the alien would be repatriated;
family ties in the country where the alien would be repatriated;
the extent of integration into U.S. society.
When it comes to hearing immigration waiver cases related to I-601 and I-601A, a USCIS official or immigration judge makes the final decision on evaluating the term extreme hardship. As there are no hard and fast criteria, each case is judged on its individual merits.
To gain approval for a waiver, the family circumstances have to be clearly outlined and any negative cumulative aspects of extreme hardship should be emphasized. What has been discovered is that extreme hardship is not assessed on solely economic concerns.
Concentrate on the likely impact of extreme hardship of your qualifying relative
By statute related to the I-601 or I-601A waiver, persuasive evidence is necessary indicating that the qualifying relative of a U.S. citizen or legal permanent resident would suffer if deported. The effect on the relatives left behind in the U.S. is of importance too - but it is a mistake to focus only on the hardship to the foreign national. Your waiver will be denied.
There are two questions you should consider as follows:
If you were denied a I-601 or I-601A waiver and you were sent back to your country of origin, how would this impact your qualifying relative if he or she had to remain in the U.S. without you?
What would be the extent of the hardship suffered by a qualifying family member if the I-601 waiver was denied and he or she had to depart from the United States to reside with you overseas in the country you were made to go to?
Choose carefully, and take your time collecting evidence. Yes, the officers really do look through everything, so make sure it counts and is persuasive.
If you have a drunk driving (DUI or DWI) conviction, you still may be able to win an I-601 or I-601A approval.
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Rijksmuseum acquires unusual death mask of Han van Meegeren
AMSTERDAM - The Rijksmuseum has acquired an unusual plaster death mask of Han van Meegeren. After World War II, Van Meegeren (1889-1947) became world famous as a master forger of the works of Johannes Vermeer (1632-1675). His greatest ‘triumph’ was the sale of the forged Emmaüsgangers (Supper at Emmaus) by ‘Vermeer’ to the Museum Boijmans van Beuningen in 1938 for the sum of Fl. 1,275,000. Van Meegeren also forged works by painters of the Golden Age, including Frans Hals, Gerard ter Borch and Pieter de Hooch. Shortly after his trial in 1947 (in which he was sentenced to a year in prison), Van Meegeren died of heart failure in the Valerius Clinic in Amsterdam. The death mask is made of plaster but is painted to look like bronze and is mounted in an artist’s palette.
Although Van Meegeren was convicted of a crime, he was nonetheless acclaimed. A romanticised biography was published as early as 1946. He was suspected of being a collaborator during the war, but the fact that Nazi leader Hermann Goering had bought a forged Vermeer could also be regarded as a heroic deed. Some people considered Van Meegeren’s forgeries as an act of rebellion against the art world establishment. The death mask, with its palette surround, is a perfect illustration of the hero worship bestowed on the ‘misunderstood’ Van Meegeren in the 1950s. Writer Godfried Bomans aptly described the phenomenon: We have lost a Vermeer, but gained a Van Meegeren.
In addition to several ‘seventeenth-century’ paintings by Van Meegeren, the Rijksmuseum also has in its collection the evidence that was used in Van Meegeren’s criminal trial.
Posté par Alain Truong à 16:34 - Cabinet de curiosités - Commentaires [0] - Permalien [#]
Tags : death mask, Han van Meegeren, Rijksmuseum
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The rijksmuseum acquired an extremely rare drawing by rembrandt’s teacher, pieter lastman
Rijksmuseum acquires unique sculpture of screaming child by hendrick de keyser
Rijksmuseum buys painting by 17th-century painter jan asselijn at tefaf maastricht
Rijksmuseum presents new acquisition: italian ensemble of 46 watercolours by j.a. knip
"home and abroad. landscape drawings from the john and marine van vlissingen collection" at rijksmuseum
Portraits of daniele barbaro by titian and veronese united for the first time in venice
Dutch aim to buy two rembrandts believed to be held in the collection of eric de rothschild
Jan van scorel (1495-1522), marie madeleine, vers 1530
A rare gilt-copper death mask & a silver death mask, liao dynasty (907-1125)
Commentaires sur Rijksmuseum acquires unusual death mask of Han van Meegeren
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Northeastern alumni sweep midterm elections
With the close of midterm elections, three Northeastern alumni were elected into various offices in both New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Eric Estevez, CPS class of 2008, won a seat as a New Hampshire state representative; Maggie Hassan, law class of 1985, was re-elected as governor in New Hampshire; and Maura Healey, law class of 1998, was elected to attorney general in Massachusetts.
Estevez earned his masters in leadership with a specialization in global studies and international affairs and then received his doctorate from Northeastern in law and policy.
“My time at Northeastern University was inspirational in many different ways,” Estevez said in a press release on Nov. 4. “Most importantly, the quality education I received taught me the importance of leadership and helping others through public service, and one of the things that an elected official must do is to find ways improve the lives of many disadvantaged people. Making a difference in people’s lives has been an important thing I have carried with me since graduate school, and I know many of my classmates have too.”
Estevez has worked in both the private and public sectors, working for the United States Small Business Administration’s Office of Disaster Assistance and Fidelity Investments.He also founded a nonprofit legal and public policy consulting firm. Esteves serves on the faculties of Endicott College, Lesley University and Bunker Hill Community College.
During his time at Northeastern, Estevez most poignantly remembers professors Tim Howard, the former director of the College of Professional Studies’ doctoral program in law & policy; Thomas Koenig, a professor of sociology and core faculty member in the Law and Public Policy Ph.D. Program; and Jaime Alan Fox, The Lipman Family professor of criminology.
“These gentlemen were mentors to me,” Estevez said. “Their guidance and support provided me with a strong platform for success.”
Hassan, who graduated from Northeastern University School of Law, won her first gubernatorial election in 2012.
In her first two-year term, Hassan froze tuition for in-state students for the New Hampshire state university system and lowered tuition at the state’s community college. She also helped to expand access to health care to 50,000 New Hampshire students.
Hassan hopes in her second term to continue modernizing science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education within the state as well as keep college affordable.
“Two years ago, we started together on a path to ensure that New Hampshire is a place where everyone is included, everyone is respected and everyone has an opportunity to succeed,” Hassan said in her acceptance speech Nov. 4. “As I have traveled our state, I am constantly reminded of how much Granite Staters treasure those values and live them in their own lives every day.”
In an email to The News from Hassan’s chief of staff, Pamela Walsh, Hassan reflected on her time at the university law school.
“I was lucky to have many, many great professors at Northeastern School of Law. They all shared a passion for the law – not only in the abstract but as applied,” Hassan said. “They understood, and did their best to make sure that we did too, that the writing of laws, the administration of justice and the preservation and interpretation of our constitution had real, life-changing consequences for all of our people. Good lawyers never forget that.”
Healey, who also graduated from the law school, was previously a prosecutor in Middlesex County and served as the Chief of the Civil Rights Division for the Massachusetts Attorney General’s office. As the chief of the civil rights division, Healey spearheaded the acceptance of the Defense of Marriage Act within the state.
“When I entered this race, I was a newcomer,” Healey said in her acceptance speech Nov. 4. “I’d never raised a dollar. I’d never asked for a vote. But I’ll tell you what: I wasn’t new to being an underdog. And I wasn’t new to the work of the Attorney General.”
Healey is also the first openly gay attorney general. She plans to focus on addressing domestic violence, heroin and prescription pill problems within the state and regulating the casinos.
“As Attorney General, I will be your lawyer and your advocate,” Healey said. “But I can’t do it alone. We are going to need everyone in this room and across this state to keep standing up and speaking out on the issues that matter.”
This post was originally published by the Huntington News.
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SGA and NUPD plan to expand shuttle services
With ridership of the off-campus student shuttle expanding, the Student Government Association (SGA) and the Northeastern University Police Department (NUPD) have entered talks to expand the service to the nearly 6,300 students who live off campus.
“I didn’t know the shuttle existed,” Noah Carville, SGA president, said. “I was told that there was a sign for it and you just need to look for it, until you look in a bush by Snell. I said that,back when I was a freshman, that that was not okay.”
NUPD said that in September of 2013, ridership only clocked at 1,420 but nearly doubled in September of 2014, clocking in at over 3,000 student riders. Last month alone, 4,616 students were transported, more than double the number of students who utilized the service in October 2013.
Since the start of the semester, Carville and John Finn, vice president of SGA, have met with NUPD to work out a new shuttle system to accommodate the off-campus population. Talks began after early-semester off-campus public safety concerns arose, specifically an assault in September that occurred on Huntington Avenue.
“As someone who lives on the Hill, you kind of assume that Huntington is the safe haven,” Carville said.
The shuttle runs every half hour between 8 p.m. and 4 a.m. and will drop students off anywhere in a mile and a half radius with pick-up locations at the Snell Quad and in front of the entrance to Ruggles on Forsyth Street.
Prior to February 2014, the shuttle only ran every hour, but increased demands, especially during midterms and finals, prompted pickups every 30 minutes The new deal being discussed would increase the service to three shuttles and run every 20 minutes.
Rachel Lake, senior international affairs and anthropology combined major, lives on Mission Hill and didn’t learn about the shuttle until her junior year. Lake notes that she would be open to taking the shuttle, specifically in the winter due to weather rather than safety concerns.
“Walking back to Mission Hill from campus has never seemed like a daunting activity to me, but I’m often with groups or at least another person, which helps,” Lake said.
Despite normally taking the T or an Uber when forced to walk home alone late at night, Lake supports better and increased signage throughout campus but believes the time between shuttles is too long.
“ 30 minutes is a long time to wait for a shuttle considering the walk back to the Hill is about 20 minutes itself,” Lake said. “[However, I’m] always down to see money spent on something that directly benefits students.”
Carville agrees, stating that the key issues are that students need to be aware of the service and that capacity can be handled adequately.
“I think student response will be ‘wait, there’s a shuttle? This existed before?’ and then ‘Wait yeah, this sounds awesome,’” Carville said. “Like I said, when you have over 6,000 students in these neighborhoods, they’re going to take advantage of [the shuttle].”
Aside from increasing service, NUPD is also looking into the possibility of having the technology for students to swipe their Husky IDs for shuttle use. Both NUPD and SGA hope to begin expanded service in early 2015.
This piece was originally published by the Huntington News.
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Movie Review: Moonlight
by Nozipho Mpanza | Feb 26, 2017
Synopsis: Moonlight journeys through three stages of the life of a black man who struggles with his sexuality and sense of belonging in life as he grows up in a rough and drug-infested neighbourhood in Miami.
Cast: Naomie Harris, Mahershala Ali, Janelle Monáe, Alex R. Hibbert, Ashton Sanders, Trevante Rhodes
Vuvu rating: 5/10
Director Barry Jenkins highlights the complexities of being young and different in a community that has no room for one’s uniqueness in his breakthrough film, Moonlight. The eight-time-Oscar-nominated film – including nominations for Best Picture and Best Director – was the recipient of the Best Motion Picture:Drama at the 74th Golden Globe Awards in January.
It is characteristic of Jenkins’ style of storytelling as seen in his 2008 breakout screenplay, Medicine for Melancholy, where he tells stories of ordinary black people navigating their way through life.
Moonlight is cast with a number of unfamiliar faces, an intentional effort from Jenkins to usher new black talent onto the Hollywood stage.
We are first introduced to young Chiron, a scrawny and morose boy living with his verbally abusive and drug-addicted mother in a rundown apartment in Miami. He is bullied for his appearance and meek nature and dubbed “Little” by his peers who mean to demean his size and conduct. One day, while running away from a group of bullies, he finds refuge in the house of a local drug dealer who later becomes a father figure to him.
Viewers encounter Chiron again, first as a teenager where he experiences his first sexual encounter which leaves him confused and misplaced in the world, and again as an adult who is now a drug dealer living in a different city under a new alias, Black.
The film has many spans of silent acting where there is no dialogue and the characters communicate emotion with their body language and facial gestures. Although highly acclaimed for its cinematography, subject matter and acting, the film is rather underwhelming in light of the Oscar buzz around it.
The storyline of the 110-minute film peaks at the halfway mark, building the viewer’s anticipation towards the events that might follow, however, it’s downhill from there. The film then delves into another aspect of the story, leaving the viewer hanging.
The film has an undeniable intensity which is carried by a strong cast that includes Naomie Harris, familiar to South Africans for her role as Winnie Mandela in the Golden Globe award-winning film, Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom.
Unless one is particularly interested in the themes highlighted in this film, or is a fan of Jenkins’ work, one could easily miss Moonlight at the box office and wait for it to come up on TV.
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11/3/2018 7:18:23 PM (GMT+3)
Biles enters record books as she wins floor gold
Doha: Simone Biles of the USA entered into the record books after she won the floor gold at the 48th FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Championships here at the Aspire Dome on Saturday evening.
The 21-year-old, who returned to action after 2016 Rio Olympics, became the become the first gymnast since the erstwhile Soviet Union's Yelena Shushunova in 1987 to win a medal in every single event at the Worlds.
Biles won the gold with 14.933 points followed by compatriot Morgan Hurd (13.933) and Japan's Mai Murakami (13.866).
In the process, Biles, who earlier won gold medals in All-around, Team and Vault besides a silver in Uneven Bars and bronze in Balance Beam, tied Svetlana Khorkina's all-time high of 20 World Championships medals.
China's Liu wins women's balance beam gold; Biles ends up with bronze
Ri Se Gwang reacts after winning vault gold
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Chantilly, VA Real Estate
Chantilly is a community located in western Fairfax County. It is named after an early 19th century mansion of the same name constructed by Charles Calvert Stuart for his wife, Cornelia Lee Stuart. The area now known as Chantilly was home to a number of colonial plantations in the 1700's, including Sully Plantation, built by Richard Bland Lee I, “Leeton,” home of George Richard Lee Turberville's family, and the John Hutchison Farm. Growth of the village largely occurred during the 19th century, following the construction of Little River Turnpike (Route 50) to Winchester, Virginia.
During the American Civil War on September 1, 1862, the Battle of Chantilly (or Ox Hill) was fought nearby. Following his victory at the Second Battle of Bull Run (or Second Manassas), Confederate General Robert E. Lee directed Major General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson to cross Bull Run on August 31 and sweep around the position of Major General John Pope's Union Army of Virginia at Centreville. Reaching the Little River Turnpike northwest of Centreville, Jackson turned southeastward toward Fairfax Court House (now Fairfax, Virginia) to strike in rear of Pope's army.
During September 1, Pope, informed of Jackson's movement, began to withdraw his troops toward the Court House in Fairfax City. Late in the day, Jackson clashed with Union forces under Brigadier General Isaac Stevens and Major General Philip Kearny near Ox Hill, west of Fairfax. During the ensuing battle, which was fought amid a raging storm, both Union generals Stevens and Kearny were killed. The fighting ended at dusk, and Pope's army continued its withdrawal to Fairfax and subsequently to the Washington defenses.
Chantilly suffered during the Civil War and was the site of Northern occupation forces. The Chantilly manor home was destroyed in 1863 by a fire set by Federal troops. When Cornelia Lee Stuart died in 1883, she was deeply in debt and Chantilly farm was sold off to pay those debts.
Commercial and residential development now covers most of the Chantilly (Ox Hill) battlefield. Fairfax County Park Authority has preserved five acres of the battle site.
Named one of the best places to retire by US News and World Report, Chantilly has a population of just under 50,000 residents. Housing is priced in the “affordable” range for Northern Virginia. Garden apartments and townhomes are available starting in the mid to high $100,000’s. Single family detached homes range in price from the mid $300,000 to over $1,000,000.
Chantilly is located in the heart of the Northern Virginia technology corridor with easy access to the Dulles Airport and the surrounding business parks. Corporations located in Chantilly include The Aerospace Corporation, Intel, and Computer Sciences Corporation. The National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center is an extension of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. It was built on the northwest corner of Chantilly near Dulles Airport. Admission to the museum is free. Fairfax County Public Library operates the Chantilly Regional Library.
Chantilly is served by two major roads. Virginia Route 28 runs north and south and is the main artery through Chantilly. Route 50, Lee Jackson Memorial Highway traverses Chantilly east and west. Additionally, Westfields Boulevard crosses Chantilly north and south. Interstate 66 is the closest major highway. Fairfax Connector buses connect the community to the Metrorail system.
Baltimore Washington International Airport: < 65.
View all Chantilly Listings
SEARCH FOR LISTINGS IN CHANTILLY
13314 HOUND RUN DRIVE
13214 GRAND JUNCTION DRIVE
4008 SUMMER HOLLOW COURT 154F
3990 MASON DIXON DRIVE
3821 CHANTILLY ROAD
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Indian Patents
Recently Granted Patents
Recently Published Patents
Title of Invention
A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A FUEL MIXTURE BY MEANS OF A CONTROL PROBE IN THE EXHAUST SYSTEM OF A MOBILE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
The invention relates to a method for controlling a fuel mixture by means of a control probe (1) in the waste-gas system (2) of a mobile internal combustion engine (3). The waste-gas system (2) comprises at least one catalytic converter (4) which is disposed in a waste-gas line (5), and control thereof is carried out by means of an individual control probe (1} disposed in the inside of at least one catalytic converter (4). The invention also relates to a waste-gas system (2) which is suitable therefor.
WO 2005/121533 PCT/EP2005/005968
Control system for a mobile internal combustion engine
The invention relates to a method for controlling a fuel mixture by means of a control probe in the exhaust system of a mobile internal combustion engine. Furthermore, an exhaust system comprising a mobile internal combustion engine is proposed. The preferred field of use of such exhaust systems or methods is the automobile sector.
It is known to use sensors and/or probes in exhaust systems of mobile internal combustion engines in order to obtain detailed information about operating states of the internal combustion engines and/or exhaust gas treatment devices which are integrated in the exhaust system.
Thus, it is known, for example, to use an oxygen sensor connected to an electronic device to determine the state of ageing of an exhaust gas catalytic converter. The sensor has an oxygen-sensitive region for measuring the partial pressure of oxygen in the exhaust gas. The state of the ageing of the catalytic converter is determined by the control device by means of this measurement variable since the oxygen load on the catalytic converter can be used as a characteristic variable for its functional capability (referred to as onboard diagnostics).
Furthermore it is also known to monitor at least part of the exhaust gas in the exhaust system and thus to influence the supply of fuel to the internal combustion engine. Thus, in internal combustion engines which have warmed up, or after a predefinable exhaust temperature has been reached, oxygen sensors are used to perform lambda control on the internal combustion engine. Lambda (X) , referred to as the excess air factor, describes the ratio of the current air/fuel ratio to
WO 20G5/121533 PCT/EP2005/005968
the stochiometric air/fuel ratio and is often used as a characteristic value for the combustion processes. In this context, a first oxygen sensor which is arranged upstream of a catalytic converter is used as a control probe, and a second oxygen sensor which is connected downstream of the exhaust gas catalytic converter is used as a trimming probe. The first oxygen sensor is used to determine lambda oscillation with a specific amplitude and frequency, which result from the confoustion processes in the internal combustion engine. These are sensed by means of the first oxygen sensor which ¦ is positioned upstream of the catalytic converter. A person skilled in the art is familiar with the procedure here and does not require any further explanation.
The lambda oscillation of the exhaust gas composition
which is present at the input end of the catalytic converter is increasingly smoothed as it passes through the catalytic converter owing to its oxygen storage capability. The result is a decrease in amplitude of the lambda oscillations along the catalytic converter. Given a high oxygen storage capability, it is almost impossible to obtain evidence of lambda oscillation anymore at the output end, for example. The amplitude of the lambda oscillation for which evidence can still be obtained after the exhaust gas has run through a partial section or the entire catalytic converter is therefore a measure of the oxygen storage capability of the section of the catalytic converter or of the entire catalytic converter.
In this case, the lambda value generally settles to the constant mean value of the lambda oscillation present upstream of the catalytic converter. This mean value is sensed by the second sensor downstream of the catalytic converter, said sensor being the so-called trimming probe. The trimming probe is then used to set a mean
WO 2005/121533 PCT/EP200S/005968
value of lambda? which cannot be determined or set precisely by means of the oxygen sensor or control sensor which is mounted upstream (of the catalytic converter), Causes for this are, for example, so-called "poisoning11, that Is to say adverse influences due to the high oxygen concentration or other influences of the untreated exhaust gas on. this control sensor which is positioned upstream, As a result, the control sensor which Is positioned upstream changes its measuring behavior so that even though the dynamic oscillating behavior continues to be satisfactorily sensed, without the trimming probe It is not possible to obtain precise Information about the (mean) lambda value over a relatively long period of use of the control sensor which Is mounted upstream.
In the chemical balance, the lambda value emerges directly from the partial pressure of the oxygen. For this reason, the lambda value, and thus also the oxygen storage capability of the catalytic converter, can be determined by measuring the partial pressure of the oxygen with the second oxygen sensor {trimming probe) which Is arranged downstream of the catalytic converter, in this way it Is then possible to Install a "slow" correction routine which compensates for the ageing/poisoning of the control sensor which Is mounted upstream.
The profile - determined by means of the oxygen sensors - of the partial pressure values of the oxygen or of other parameters which describe the exhaust gas composition also permits conclusions to be drawn about the effectiveness or the scope of the combustion in the individual combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine. The values which are generated therewith can thus also be used to perform lambda control on the internal combustion engine, with, for example, influence being exerted on the composition of
WO 2005/121533 PCT/E12005/005968
a fuel/air mixture, the ignition time, the pressures prevailing during the combustion, etc.
A problem when such oxygen sensors or other control probes are used is also their sensitivity to water. If the sensitive region of the control probe comes into contact with water, the functional capability of the control probe is generally no longer ensured. For this reason, a number of different embodiments of control probes and lambda probes respectively, which are intended to prevent contact of the sensitive area with water have already been proposed. Usually, such oxygen sensors and lambda sensors respectively, are brought to the operating temperature by means of an electric heating conductor structure. It is also known to provide special screening means, grilles or coatings which function as a means of resisting water. Due to the fact that these probes and sensors respectively, are in contact with the exhaust gas line or are guided through it, they generally have a lower temperature than the exhaust gas. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that the temperature of the exhaust gas varies greatly owing to the different operating states of the internal combustion engine. There is thus repeatedly the risk that the sensor or the housing surrounding the sensor will reach temperatures which can result in condensation of water out of the exhaust gas.
Taking this as a basis, the object of the invention is to disclose a simplified method for controlling a fuel mixture by means of a control probe in the exhaust system of a mobile internal combustion engine. In particular, the problems described with respect to the prior art are to be at least partially alleviated. Furthermore, an exhaust system which is of cost-effective and simple design is to be proposed.
These objects are achieved with a method for controlling a fuel mixture having the features of patent claim 1 and an exhaust system having the features of the independently formulated device claim. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the respective independent patent claims. In addition it is to be noted that the features specified individually in the patent claims can be combined with one another in any desired technically appropriate way and specify further embodiments of the invention.
In order to control a fuel mixture of a mobile internal combustion engine a control probe is provided in the exhaust system, the exhaust system comprising at least one catalytic converter in an exhaust line. The method is characterized by the fact that the control is carried out with a single control probe in the interior of the at least one catalytic converter.
In the first instance, the invention departs from the preconceptions of the specialists according to which the fuel mixture of the internal combustion engine is controlled with a multiplicity of control probes (one for the dynamic lambda oscillation and one for the slow-acting trimming). As a result, the method can already be carried out at relatively low cost and with relatively little expenditure on electronics, with the susceptibility to faults of this system for controlling the fuel mixture being automatically reduced. In order to protect against condensation water, the aggressive ambient conditions due to the untreated exhaust gas and the large fluctuations of temperature, this one control probe is arranged in the interior of the at least one catalytic converter. This means in particular that parts of the control probe extend into internal regions of the catalytic converter. It is clear that the control probe has to be made to extend out of the
exhaust system or exhaust line so that the control probe is not arranged completely in the interior of the catalytic converter. The catalytic converter itself represents a type of damping element for the temperatures, pollutant concentrations etc. In particular it is a thermal mass so that here a somewhat sluggish thermal behavior occurs. To this extent, the fluctuations of the exhaust gas temperature as a consequence of different operating states of the internal combustion engine do not affect the control probe to the extent that they would a control probe which projects freely into the exhaust line. The control probe is preferably an oxygen sensor or what is referred to as a lambda probe.
Investigations have shown here that the integration of
the individual control probe in the catalytic
converters surprisingly ensures precise results over a
long operating time. It has been found that the
influences of the exhaust gas (for example temperature
fluctuations, pressure fluctuations, etc.) already
decrease considerably over the first millimeters of the
catalytic converter so that in this way a significant
"protection against ageing and protection against
poisoning respectively " of the control probe has been
realized. More detailed information will be given on
this in the text below. At the same time, there is
still sufficient lambda oscillation, which can be used
to perform lambda control on the internal combustion
engine. In such an embodiment it is advantageously
possible to use appropriate types of control probe. For
example, in a range up to 50% reduction of the
"incoming" lambda oscillation at the catalytic
converter it is still possible to use so-called jump
probes (for example zircon dioxide probe with a sudden
change in the output signal at a lambda value of
approximately 1) since these are particularly
economical and still sufficiently sensitive. Given
further reduction of the lambda oscillation amplitudes, for example as far as 5%, so-called linear probes can preferably be used.
At this point it is to be noted that this does not mean that no further sensors at all should be provided in the exhaust system. It is thus possible, for example, to connect nitrogen oxygen sensors downstream of the catalytic converter, which sensors determine the nitrogen oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas after contact with the catalytic converter. However, the measured values which are obtained in this way are not used to perform lambda control on the internal combustion engine.
According to a further embodiment of the method, the
control probe is heated after the internal combustion
engine starts, in such a way that it has a temperature
of at least 70°C [degree Celsius] before the at least
one catalytic converter has reached 95° C. The control
probe can be heated passively here (essentially only by
means of the temperature of the exhaust gas in contact
with it) and/or actively, (for example by means of a
heating element, an electric heater etc.) As has
already been stated at the beginning, such control
probes usually have particular sensitivity to water. It
is proposed here that the control probe has a
temperature of at least 70°C (at which the phenomenon
of condensation no longer occurs to a significant
extent owing to the arrangement in the catalytic
converter proposed here) before the catalytic converter
has reached 95°C. In addition, as well as a thermal
mass, the catalytic converter also makes available a
large surface which can be used to adsorb water or
water vapor. That is to say in other words the
catalytic converter or in particular also its coating
acts as a sponge for water and binds it for a
relatively long time.
WO 2005/12i533 PCT/BP2005/005968
When the internal combustion engine is (re)started, the
exhaust gas flowing the catalytic converter then
gradually heats the carrier body of the catalytic
converter and the coating. In the process, a
temperature profile forms in the direction of flow of
the exhaust gas In the catalytic converter so that at
first the highest temperatures are present the exhaust
gas Inlet side and said temperatures then decrease In
the direction of flow. Here, It is then proposed in
particular that the control probe already have a
temperature of at least TO^C, In particular of at least
90°C [degrees Celsius), before the catalytic converter
or the carrier body of the catalytic converter in a
plane parallel to the gas Inlet side at a distance of
10 ram. has reached a temperature of 95°C. The
accumulated water increasingly vaporizes in a range
above average 95°C and propagates in the direction of
flow of the catalytic converter, and it condenses again
if it arrives at colder regions. In this way, a type of
"water vapor front" Is generated through the catalytic
converter. By ensuring a certain temperature of the
control probe it Is made certain that the control probe
does not constitute such a heat sink when in contact
with the water vapor front that water condenses. This
ensures the functionality of the individual control
In particular It Is proposed that the control probe determines at least one of the following components of the exhaust gas: hydrocarbon, carbon Rionoxide, oxygen. Furthermore, it Is also possible to measure a partial pressure, a temperature or other physical measuring variables by means of this control probe.
According to a further embodiment of the method, the control probe is a lambda probe, said probe being simultaneously used to check the conversion capability
of the at least one catalytic converter. In particular,
this is what is referred to as a broadband lambda probe
(lambda probe) which outputs a continuous, for example
linear, output signal as a function of the oxygen
content in the exhaust gas in the range around
lambda = 1 (for example with a tolerance of ± 0.005).
This signal is used to control the mixture in
accordance with the predefined setpoint values. With
the embodiment of the control probe proposed here it is
possible to locate said probe relatively far down in
the catalytic converter, in particular at a distance of
25 mm to 60 mm. In this region, the lambda oscillations
are frequency already reduced or smoothed by more than
50%, in some cases even by more than 90%. The use of
such a broadband lambda probe also to the same extent
permits a high degree of measuring accuracy, and an
extremely low tendency to poisoning occurs by virtue of
its position in the catalytic converter so that a mean
value for lambda can also be found to occur precisely
and over a relatively long time period. The oxygen
content determined with the lambda probe can
additionally also be used as a measure of the
conversion capability of the catalytic converter. With
respect to this process, reference is made to the
explanations given at the beginning. With such a lambda
probe it is possible to carry out onboard diagnostics
easily. As a result, a method is specified which has a
particularly simple structure and at the same time
permits lambda control of the internal combustion
engine and onboard diagnostics.
Furthermore it is also proposed that the exhaust gas which is generated by the internal combustion engine be mixed in the exhaust line before it reaches the control probe. Owing to the situation or position of the control probe in the exhaust line, only certain peripheral flows of the exhaust gas are always sensed and evaluated. In order to ensure that a result which
is representative of the entire exhaust gas flow is obtained, the exhaust gas flow is mixed before it reaches the control probe. It is then possible to assume that the position of the individual control probe with respect to the exhaust line does not have a significant adverse effect on the result of the measurement. Separate flow mixers (static or dynamic) and/or particular embodiments of the catalytic converters and/or other exhaust gas treatment devices can also be provided for mixing the exhaust gas.
According to a further refinement of the method, the at least one catalytic converter is used to treat at least one of the following components of the exhaust gas: hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, particles. In particular, there is here a metallic catalytic converter carrier body or a ceramic honeycomb structure which is provided with a coating which acts catalytically on at least one of the abovementioned components and contributes to its conversion. In addition to the catalytic function, the catalytic converter can, for example, also have absorptive functions and/or filtering functions and/or further functions. The coating is advantageously neutral to oxygen here, in order to avoid having an adverse effect on the measurement result.
According to a further aspect of the invention, an exhaust system is proposed comprising a mobile internal combustion engine having at least one exhaust line in which at least one catalytic converter is provided as well as a control probe and a control unit which is connected thereto and has the purpose of controlling the fuel mixture for the internal combustion engine. The exhaust system has here just one single control probe in the interior of the at least one catalytic converter. The measurement results of the control probe are evaluated by means of the control unit and
primarily the composition of the fuel mixture or else also the ignition time, the injection pressures etc. are varied in accordance with predefined setpoint values stored there. As a result, the system of a control probe arranged upstream and a trimming probe arranged downstream is dispensed with and replaced by a system comprising an individual control probe which projects into internal regions of the at least one catalytic converter. This significantly reduces the susceptibility to faults, the technical complexity and the costs.
According to one development of the exhaust system, the control probe is arranged at a distance of 10 mm to 80 mm from an exhaust gas inlet side of the at least one catalytic converter. Trials have shown that depending on the internal combustion engine the distance specified here is sufficient to ensure that, when a cold start of the internal combustion engine is performed and there is simultaneous electrical heating of the control probe, the control probe has a temperature above 70°C before it is reached by the water vapor front described above. The control probe is advantageously positioned at a distance of 2 5 mm to 60 mm from the exhaust gas inlet side.
Furthermore, it is also proposed that the control probe be a heatable lambda probe. While it is basically possible for the control probe to be heated to the necessary temperature after a cold start simply by the exhaust gas flowing past, here it is advantageously proposed that the lambda probe can be heated, in particular by means of an electric heating conductor structure which is integrated into the lambda probe. When the internal combustion engine is started, this heating conductor structure has current applied to it so that the components of the lambda probe which project into the exhaust line and come into contact
with the exhaust gas are quickly raised to temperatures above 70°C.
In addition it is also proposed that means for reducing a propagation speed of water or water vapor be provided in at least one region of the at least one catalytic converter between an exhaust gas inlet side and the control probe. This means in particular that the water or the water vapor cannot move through the region of the catalytic converter at the same speed as the exhaust gas. Some of these possibilities for reducing the propagation speed of water or water vapor are described in the following paragraph.
Accordingly, at least one region of the at least one catalytic converter between a exhaust gas inlet side and the control probe is embodied with passages and at least one of the following features:
cell density of 600 to 1200 cpsi [cells per square
inch] ;
openings in passage walls of the passages;
mixer structures;
porous surface of the passages;
coating with a storage capability for at least
water or water vapor;
metal passages walls with a thickness in the range
from 40 \xm to 110 urn (micrometers) .
The embodiment of a catalytic converter with passages is known. These are preferably what are referred to as honeycomb bodies which have a multiplicity of passages which are arranged essentially parallel to one another. The passages can basically be formed by metallic or ceramic passage walls.
"Cell density" means the number of passages per unit of cross sectional area of the catalytic converter or of the honeycomb structure. "cpsi" refers to the unit
"cells per square inch" which is generally used in this technical field. 1 cpsi corresponds here to approximately 6.4516 cells per square centimeter. The range of 600 cpsi to 1200 cpsi indicated here is relatively high and represents a very large surface as" well as a relatively high thermal mass in this region. As a result, both a large contact area for water or water vapor and at the same time also a relatively high thermal capacity are made available so that particularly in the cold start phase of the internal combustion engine the water or the water vapor is satisfactorily bound or held here.
Providing openings in the passage walls permits partial gas flows which flow through the individual passages to mix together. As a result the temperature and concentration of the exhaust gas are equalized over the cross section of the catalytic converter so that a characteristic measured value is made possible for the entire exhaust gas flow by means of the control probe, irrespective of the position of said catalytic converter in the exhaust system.
In order to promote this mixing effect it is proposed that mixer structures be provided in the at least one region. Mixer structures are to be understood in particular as elevations, baffles etc. which project at least partially into internal regions of the passages or bring about pressure differences or direct flows in some other way. They force the partial gas flows to adjacent passages so that sufficient mixing of the partial gas flows with one another is ensured.
A porous surface of the passages provides sufficient accumulation and absorption possibilities for water or water vapor. Here, in particular porous surfaces or materials of the passages walls themselves are meant, for example also of the carrier body of the catalytic
converter or the honeycomb structure.
In addition, the passages or their surface can be provided with a coating which has a storage capability for at least water or water vapor. This means that it is hygroscopic, for example. This delays the propagation of the water vapor front so that again the control probe is provided with the time which it requires to reach the corresponding temperatures. Under certain circumstances it is advantageous if the storage capability in the region mounted in front is greater than in a partial section downstream of the control probe.
As a further measure it is also possible for the catalytic converter to be constructed with a metallic catalytic converter carrier body. In this case, metallic passage walls with a thickness in the range from 40 Um to 110 \xm (micrometers) are preferred. These in turn make available the favorable, high thermal capacity which prevents rapid vaporization of adsorbed ¦and absorbed water respectively.
Basically it is to be noted that it is advantageous to combine at least two of the abovementioned features with one another.
According to one development of the exhaust system, the control probe has a coating with at least one storage capability for at least water and water vapor respectively or a catalytic activity for at least one component of the exhaust gas. In one advantageous embodiment, the coating has both capabilities. A storage capability up to a temperature at which the catalytic activity starts is preferably provided here.
In addition it is also proposed that the exhaust system, as described above according to the invention,
be included in a vehicle. The vehicle is intended here to mean in particular a passenger car, a truck, a motorbike, a motorboat, a motorized aircraft, etc.
irrespective of the control probes described up until now, a measuring sensor, in particular the lambda probe, can be provided with a protective cap which advantageously protects the measuring sensor against water impacts. Water impacts are understood to be the impacting of water droplets on the measuring sensor or else the condensing out of water vapor onto it. The function in particular of lambda probes is at least adversely affected by water impacts and the probe can even be made entirely unusable by water impacts.
The water impacts can advantageously be prevented if
the protective cap heats up more quickly than the
honeycomb structure or the honeycomb body into which
the measuring sensor is inserted. The protective cap
preferably reaches as quickly as possible a temperature
at which condensing out of water vapor on the surface
of the measuring sensor is reliably avoided. This is
achieved, for example, by virtue of the fact that the
protective cap is formed from a material which has a
significantly lower thermal capacity, in particular
specific thermal capacity/ than the material from which
the honeycomb body is formed. A material is preferably
selected which has a specific thermal capacity such
that in the normal operating state it is ensured that
if the honeycomb body is at a temperature above the
boiling point of water in the direction of flow
upstream of the measuring sensor the protective cap is
also at a temperature above the boiling point of water,
specifically even if the honeycomb body is still at a
temperature below the boiling point of water directly
adjacent to the measuring sensor downstream of the
honeycomb body in the direction of flow. To the same
extent, it is advantageous that if the honeycomb body
is at a temperature above the boiling point of water upstream of the measuring sensor in the direction of flow, the thermal capacity, in particular specific thermal capacity of the protective cap, is selected such that it is at such a temperature that under specific operating conditions the dew point of water on the measuring sensor or the protective cap is reliably avoided, thus effectively avoiding the condensing out of water on the measuring sensor and the protective cap respectively.
A further possible way of embodying a corresponding protective cap is to change the heat transfer coefficient a of the protective cap. By adapting this heat transfer coefficient a it is also possible to ensure that the measuring sensor or the protective cap will quickly reach a temperature which effectively prevents the condensing out of water vapor which arises due to vaporization within the honeycomb body. The protective cap can be embodied as a separate component or else embodied integrally on the measuring sensor. The protective cap can also be combined with the control probes according to the invention.
The invention and the technical field will be explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. It is to be noted here that the figures indicate to a certain extent particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, but the invention is not restricted thereto. In the drawing:
Fig.isa schematic view of a vehicle with an exhaust system;
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a catalytic converter with a control probe;
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a catalytic converter in
cross section;
Fig .4 is a schematic view of a further embodiment of a catalytic converter;
Pig. 5 is a detailed view of the catalytic converter from figure 4;
Fig .6 is a schematic view of a diagram relating to the measuring quality of the control probe as a function of the position with respect to the catalytic converter; and
Pig .7 is a schematic view of the design of a control probe.
Fig. 1 is a schematic and perspective view of a vehicle 17 with an internal combustion engine 3 and an associated exhaust system 2. In particular diesel and spark ignition engines can be provided as the internal combustion engine 3. The exhaust gas which is generated by means of the internal combustion engine 3 is output into the surroundings via the exhaust line 5. For this purpose, the exhaust gas is brought into contact with exhaust gas treatment devices such as, for example, catalytic converters, adsorbers, particle traps etc., with pollutants in the exhaust gas being at least partially converted into at least less noxious components.
In Fig. 1, the exhaust gas firstly flows through a mixer 2 0 before it is fed to a catalytic converter 4. The catalytic converter 4 is equipped with a control probe 1 for controlling the fuel mixture, respectively for performing onboard diagnostics of the catalytic converter 4, and it protrudes into internal regions of the catalytic converter 4. The control probe 1 is connected to a control unit 6, in particular the engine
controller. The control unit 6 then varies the
composition of the fuel mixture as a function of the
parameter sensed by means of the control probe 1 and
the predefined values saved there.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a catalytic converter 4 with a control probe 1. The control 1 is introduced into internal regions of the catalytic converter 4 through the exhaust line 5. The catalytic converter 4 is embodied here with a housing 18 in which a honeycomb structure through which the exhaust gas can flow is provided. The honeycomb structure is formed by a multiplicity of passage walls 12 which make available passages 10 through which the exhaust gas can flow. The exhaust gas flows in the direction 19 of flow and impinges on the exhaust gas inlet side 8. A region 9 which has means for limiting the propagation speed of a water vapor front which propagates through the catalytic converter 4 when the internal combustion engine is (re)started is provided between the exhaust gas inlet side 8 and the control probe 1. In order to ensure that after a cold start the control probe 1 has reached temperatures above 70°C before this water vapor front has reached the control probe 1, the control probe 1 is positioned at a distance 7 of 10 to 80 mm. It is to be noted here that the distance 7 indicated here is illustrated schematically, that is to say the ratio of the entire length of the catalytic converter 4 in the direction 19 of flow is not indicative.
Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of a catalytic converter 4 in cross section. The catalytic converter 4 has in turn a housing 18 and a region 9 which extends from the exhaust gas inlet side 8 over a distance 7. The catalytic converter 4 has here a metallic catalytic converter carrier body so that the passage walls 12 are therefore of metallic origin here.
Within the region 9, the passages 10 are bounded by passage walls 12 which have a thickness 16 which is larger than other regions of the catalytic converter. At the same time, openings 11 and mixer structures 13 are provided which permit adjacent partial gas flows to mix together. This can ensure that the control probe 1 which is to be inserted into the recess 23 can supply qualified results about the composition of the exhaust gas.
The passages are bounded by relatively thin passage walls 12 downstream of the region 9, it being also possible to embody the surface 14 with a coating 15, for example. In the embodiment illustrated here, the passage walls 12 are also provided with openings 11 in the region located downstream. The different regions 9 of the catalytic converter 4 can, if appropriate, also be formed by various separate honeycomb structures and carrier bodies repectively (spaced apart with a gap if appropriate).
Fig. 4 and 5 also show a further embodiment of a catalytic converter 4 with a control probe 1. The catalytic converter 4 has in turn a housing 18, the internal honeycomb structure being formed by smooth foils 21 and corrugated foils 22 which are twisted together in the form of an evolvent and brazed together (in particular high-temperature brazed). From the end side view it is apparent that the smooth foils 21 and the corrugated foils 22 respectively form layers 24, it being also possible to mix the adjacent passage 10 within these layers 24. In the detailed view (Fig. 5) it is apparent that the smooth foils 21 and the corrugated foils 22 are positioned so as to alternate with one another and in this way they form passages 10. The catalytically active coating 15 is provided on the surface 14 of the passages 10.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a diagram relating to the measuring quality of the control probe as a function of the position with respect to the catalytic converter. The abscissa shows by way of example the distance 7 between the control probe 1 and the exhaust gas inlet side 8 in mil 1 imeters. The ordinate shows by way of example the reduction in the lambda control oscillation as a percentage. It is apparent from this that even after a few millimeters, for example 10 mm, a significant reduction in the lambda oscillation in particular by at least 50%, has already occurred. Under certain circumstances, reductions of more than 80% can therefore already be present given a distance of 40 mm or even 95% given a distance of 60 mm. The illustrated curve 25 is schematic and is intended to illustrate the profile. In order to obtain a measurement result which is sufficiently precise for the lambda control, it is proposed here under certain circumstances to select different embodiments depending on the position of the control probe. For this purpose, a limiting value 26 has been shown, it being possible for said limiting value 26 to be considered to be a measure of the sensitivity of the control probe. The range identified by "I" is intended to characterize the range of use for a j ump probe, and the range ident i f ied by "II" is intended to characterize that of a broadband linear probe. It is apparent from this, for example, that up to a distance of approximately 20 mm (in other cases also up to 40 mm) a jump probe is advantageous (low costs, sufficiently precise) and in the case of a distance above this the broadband linear probe should be used for control.
Figure 7 is a schematic view of the design of a control probe 1 in an installed position, the control probe 1 which is described below representing a particularly preferred embodiment which can, if appropriate, also be used as a single control probe 1, for example
downstream of a catalytic converter 4. It has a nut 27 and a threaded section 28 for securing it to the housing 18. The sensitive region 29 then projects into a recess 23 in the catalytic converter 4, the passage walls 12 which form in the passages 10.
Owing to the protective measures, described above, for the sensitive region 29 by means of the catalytic converter 4 as damping element (for example relating to the temperatures, pollutant concentrations, pressure fluctuations, water content in the exhaust gas) it is possible for the control probe 1 to be exposed directly to the stream of exhaust gas and the protective cap which is usually used can therefore be dispensed with. For reasons of protecting the sensitive region 29 during storage, transportation, assembly etc., it is, however, under certain circumstances necessary nevertheless to provide a cap 30. However, said cap 30 is designed in such a way that it has a particularly low absorptive capacity for heat, in particular less than 1 J/K [Joules per Kelvin] or even less than 0.8 J/K. This can be achieved, for example, by means of a particularly thin-walled cap 30, a porous cap 30, a cap 30 which has a large number of openings 32, a very small cap 30, etc. This cap 3 0 is preferably manufactured from a steel material and is manufactured in particular by means of a shaping fabrication method (for example deep drawing). In addition, baffles 31 can be provided which permit the exhaust gas to flow along to the sensitive region 29 in a suitable manner and, if appropriate, also result in a longer weld time of the exhaust gas in the interior of the cap 30. If the cap 3 0 is at least partially coated, the parameter specified above relates to the cap 3 0 including the coating. Such an embodiment of the control probe 1 can also advantageously be used independently of the control method described here, in particular with an exhaust system in which this control probe 1 is
arranged downstream of a catalytic converter 4.
- 23 -List of reference numerals
1 Control probe
2 Exhaust system
3 Internal combustion engine
4 Catalytic converter
5 Exhaust line
6 Control unit
7 Distance
8 Exhaust gas inlet side
9 Region
10 Passage
11 Opening
12 Duct wall
13 Mixer structure
14 Surface
15 Coating
16 Thickness
17 Vehicle
18 Housing
19 Direction of flow
2 0 Mixer
21 Smooth foil
22 Corrugated foil
23 Recess
24 Position
25 Curve
2 6 Limiting value
27 Nut
2 8 Threaded section
2 9 Region
3 0 Cap
31 Baffle
Patent claims
1. A method for controlling a fuel mixture by means
of a control probe (1) in the exhaust system (2) of a
mobile internal combustion engine (3), the exhaust
system (2) comprising at least one catalytic converter
(4) in an exhaust line (5), characterized in that the control is carried out with an single control probe (1) in the interior of the at least one catalytic converter
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in
that the control probe (1) is heated after the internal
combustion engine (3) starts, in such a way that it has
a temperature of at least 70° Celsius before the at
least one catalytic converter (4) has reached
95° Celsius.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the control probe (1) determines
at least one of the following components of the exhaust
gas: hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide,
oxygen.
4. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the control probe (1) is a lambda
probe, said probe being simultaneously used to check
the conversion capability of the at least one catalytic
converter (4).
5. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the exhaust gas which is
generated by the internal combustion engine (3) is
mixed in the exhaust line (5) before it reaches the
control probe (4).
characterized in that the at least one catalytic
converter (4) is used to treat at least one of the following components of the exhaust gas: hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, particles.
7. An exhaust system (2) comprising a mobile internal
combustion engine (3) having at least one exhaust line
(5) in which at least one catalytic converter (4) is
provided as well as a control probe (1) and a control unit (6) which is connected thereto and has the purpose of controlling the fuel mixture for the internal combustion engine (3), characterized in that an single control probe (1) is arranged in the interior of the at least one catalytic converter (4).
8. The exhaust system (2) as claimed in claim 7,
characterized in that the control probe (1) is arranged
at a distance (7) of 10 mm to 80 mm [millimeters] from
an exhaust inlet side (8) of the at least one catalytic
9. The exhaust system (2) as claimed in claim 7 or 8,
characterized in that the control probe (1) is a
heatable lambda probe.
10 - The exhaust system (2) as claimed in one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that means for reducing a propagation speed of water or water vapor are provided in at least one region (9) of the at least one catalytic converter (4) between an exhaust gas inlet side (8) and the control probe (1).
11. The exhaust system (2) as claimed in one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that at least one region (9) of the at least one catalytic converter (4) between an exhaust gas inlet side (8) and the control probe (1) is embodied with passages (10) and at least one of the following features:
cell density of 600 to 1200 cpsi (cells per square
inch);
openings (11) in passage walls (12) of the passages (10); mixer structures (13);
porous surface (14) of the passages (10); coating (15) with a storage capability for at least water or water vapor;
metallic passages walls (12) with a thickness (16) in the range from 40 \xm to 110 (im [micrometers] .
12. The exhaust system (2) as claimed in one of
claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the control probe
(1) has a coating (15) with at least one storage
capability for at least water and water vapor respectively, or a catalytic activity for at least one component of the exhaust gas.
13. A vehicle (17) comprising an exhaust system (2) as
claimed in one of claims 7 to 12.
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Patent Number
Indian Patent Application Number
3635/KOLNP/2006
PG Journal Number
Grant Date
Date of Filing
Name of Patentee
EMITEC GESELLSCHAFT FUR EMISSIONS-TECHNOLOGIE MBH
Applicant Address
HAUPTSTRASSE 128, 53797 LOHMAR, GERMANY
Inventor's Address
1 BRUCK, ROLF FROBELSTRASSE 12, 51429 BERGISCH GLADBACH, GERMANY
PCT International Classification Number
F02D41/14;F01N3/28
PCT International Application Number
PCT/EP2005/005968
PCT International Filing date
PCT Conventions:
PCT Application Number
Date of Convention
Priority Country
1 10 2004 027 907.1 2004-06-09 Germany
© All Indian Patents, 2013-2016.
Patent data available in the public domain from Indian Patents Office, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotions, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India.
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Why energy in South Africa is attractive
The problem Alumni addresses
The South Africa government has identified an urgent need for the country to discover hydrocarbons – currently crude oil imports comprise 4% of GDP and replacement of imports would enable the government to generate 2% of GDP (US$10 billion) per year in taxes, as well as creating 400,000 local jobs. To this end, the government embarked on Project Ikhezi in 2011, where US $1.1 billion was lost when the five-well offshore programme failed. The government has once again highlighted the need for exploration but cannot afford the political risk of investing directly and failing in the high-profile manner they did with Project Ikhezi.
Alumni’s solution
Alumni has engaged Africa New Energies, a UK company with concessions in Namibia and an exploration method uniquely calibrated to the Southern African onshore sector. Alumni has identified six concession areas in South Africa owned individually by six concession companies. These concession companies were awarded Technical Cooperation Permits (“TCPs”) in October 2018, which gives the companies the exclusive right to apply for exploration rights spanning a cumulative area of 3 million hectares – an area almost twice the size of Gauteng. The use of Africa New Energies exploration method creates a unique hydrocarbon opportunity that has the potential to have a transformational impact in South Africa.
Alumni’s mechanism enables retail investors, corporate investors and institutional limited liability partnerships to support these high potential start-ups in the South Africa Oil and Gas Exploration Sector. For investors there is up front tax relief of upto 45% of the capital invested in the financial year of investment, plus returns of capital are not subject to recoupment as long as the venture capital company shares are held for five years.
Why Section 12J?
In short, profits and jobs. And neither of these create themselves.
Section 12J of the South African Income tax Act is an amazing piece of legislation that was conceived to facilitate entrepreneurial job creation. Dissapointingly, to date, much of the application of the act by VCCs has been bereft of this. AEI views this legislation as an opportunity to do the right thing. And so we have set up our fund with the philosophy of infrastructrual development and job creation as the bedrock of everything we do. To illustrate why this is so important, continue reading. And, read more about Section 12J here.
The skew growth of the VC Sector in South Africa – the gap in the market Alumni plans to fill thanks to Section 12J
The latest South African Venture Capital Association (SAVCA) report on Venture Capital (VC), indicates that the South African VC industry is experiencing significant growth with an encouraging rise in the number of new fund managers, exits and deal flow, South Africa has failed dismally in funding concept stage technology startups and green-field exploration projects that Alumni plans to invest in.
The SAVCA 2015 VC Survey suggests that the South African VC industry now represents over R2bn in assets under management, with healthy confidence levels that are commensurate with reported rising deal activity, a pleasing exits record and a significant increase in VC fund managers and industry professionals.
The latest survey reveals that in the 2011-2015 period, 21 public and private VC fund managers and angel investors completed 168 new deals amounting to a total value of R865 million. As at July 2015, total VC assets under management were valued at R1.87 billion, comprising 187 deals.
These optimistic views mask damning evidence as to the extent the market has failed start-ups in South Africa.
In a world of downsizing, automation and business process outsourcing, a job for life is no longer a realistic prospect for any employee. Large businesses, governments and the NGO sector around the world are losing jobs, causing grinding poverty, extremism and social unrest. Entrepreneurs are alone in standing up to this tsunami of employment destruction: In Uganda, one of the world’s poorest economies, 65% of all jobs were created by start-ups.
In Norway, which has a $1 trillion sovereign wealth fund to share between its 5 million citizens, 57% of all new jobs were created by Startups. South Africa stands in between these two extremes with 62% of jobs created by its start-ups. When one includes small and medium-sized businesses, over 100% of net jobs created in the USA, 85% of net jobs created in the UK and an estimated 90% of net new jobs in South Africa were created by SMEs.
South Africa desperately needs jobs to alleviate its poverty
South Africa desperately needs jobs to alleviate its poverty, and it is universally accepted that the private, not the public sector needs to create them. In the latest Quarterly Labour Force Survey issued by Statistics South Africa, there are 37 million adults in the country and 12 million or 36% of the potential workforce are unemployed – one of the highest unemployment rates in the developing world. [1]
And it is not as if there is a shortage of entrepreneurs in this country – 6.9% or 2.5 million South African adults run their own business according to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor [2] but few of these create jobs, the vast majority of necessity entrepreneurs who subsist in the informal sector. The kind of entrepreneurs who create the jobs quoted above are High Expectation Entrepreneurs, which the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor defines as a person who intends to employ more than 20 people in five years time. In fact these comprise fewer than 2% of the South African entrepreneur population and yet they created 27% of all net jobs in the South African economy in 2016. Studies in Tanzania (a low-income economy) and the United Kingdom (a high-income economy) suggested similar proportions.
Supporting angel funding into start-ups
The founder of Alumni Energy Investments, Shakes Motsilili has lobbied discretely and effectively for support of angel funding into startups. Citing experience in the UK, where Enterprise Investment Scheme tax breaks have enabled over R250 billion rand be invested into over 28,000 startups, it is estimated that over 50% of UK’s high expectation entrepreneurs received funding via EIS. South Africa has an estimated 50,000 high expectation entrepreneurs who in turn created 25% of net new jobs in South Africa between them. Yet according to the SAVCA 2016 report, only 44 were funded and every one funded was not a startup. The sad reality is that only 44 of these companies or 0.1% of the High Expectation Entrepreneur population received funding 2016.
This abject case of market failure is the most important reason for optimism towards Alumni. Currently, it faces literally no competition, leading to a case of miss-pricing of risk capital in the favour of the investor: This means that any funding into the space will achieve better valuations than in a more established venture capital market would when funding innovation projects. It also means that its investee companies will face less competition due to a dearth of potential new entrants. Furthermore, the Alumni-funded startups, especially in the BEE space, which Alumni plans to embrace, will be able to compete with larger, lethargic incumbents unused to nimble technology-rich competitors, particularly in FinTech, Telecoms and the Resources Sectors. The government has and will continue to be supportive of Alumni’s efforts to fund innovation by giving concessionary terms with licenses.
[1] http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=1854&PPN=P0211
[2] http://www.gemconsortium.org/country-profile/108
Would you like to discuss how you can invest in South Africa’s energy future with no risk to your capital? Please let us know using the form below.
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Level of potential tax liability Level of potential tax liability0 - R10,000R10,000 - R100,000R100,000 - R500,000R500,000 - R1mR1m - R5mR5m - R10m
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Did Aluminum in Englishman's Brain Trigger Alzheimer's?
Although many researchers have tried, no link between aluminum and Alzheimer's has ever been proven. Learn of a new finding regarding a job-related case of aluminum exposure. It may just be the first direct link between elevated brain aluminum and Alzheimer’s.
Research at Keele University in Staffordshire has shown for the first time that an individual who was exposed to aluminium at work and died of Alzheimer’s disease had high levels of aluminium in the brain.
While aluminium is a known neurotoxin and occupational exposure to aluminium has been implicated in neurological disease, including Alzheimer’s disease, this finding is believed to be the first record of a direct link between Alzheimer’s disease and elevated brain aluminium following occupational exposure to the metal.
In 2003 a 58-year-old Caucasian male with no previous medical history of note was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Ten years previous to this the man, from the north-east of England, began to work with the preparation of a novel material (DARMATT KM1) used as insulation in the nuclear fuel and space industries. This work exposed him to aluminium sulphate ‘dust’ on a daily basis over 8 years. An ‘ordinary’ dust mask was supplied to protect against inhalation of the materials. Within a short time of starting this work the man complained of headaches, tiredness and mouth ulcers. By 1999 he started to show problems in relation to memory and suffered depression.
Following his death, aged 66, in 2011, a neuropathological examination confirmed advance stage Alzheimer’s disease. There then followed the most comprehensive investigation ever of the aluminium content of the frontal lobe of a single individual with 49 different tissue samples being measured for aluminium.
Professor Chris Exley, of The Birchall Centre, at Keele University, said: “The results showed unequivocally that the frontal lobe contained an average aluminium content which was at least four times higher than might be expected for an age-matched control brain.
“The observation that air-borne aluminium dust was most likely responsible for the elevated levels of aluminium in the brain must then heavily implicate the nose and possibly the lungs as the main routes of entry of aluminium into the body and the brain.
“Overall, these results suggest very strongly that occupational exposure to aluminium contributed significantly to the untimely death of this individual with Alzheimer’s disease.”
The research is published in the Open Access journal Journal of Medical Case Reports (http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/8/1/41/abstract) and further information can be obtained from Professor C Exley, The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom. Email: c.exley@keele.ac.uk
Diagnosis
Prevention
Roger Sun Feb 16, 05:04:00 PM EST
We grew up with Aluminium Saucepans, and still have an Aluminium Teapot. We used to joke that the best way to clean a saucepan, was to cook some rhubarb, because the acid, took the surface off the saucepan.
Is this the cause of my wife's dementia?
Rodge34
Deane Alban Sun Feb 16, 07:09:00 PM EST
Cooking acidic foods in aluminum pots it known to leach this mineral. So I'd stick to stainless steel for cooking rhubarb, tomato sauce, etc.
Dennis N. Crouse Thu Dec 14, 04:23:00 PM EST
Not sure how long ago this was posted. Research has reached a tipping point and Aluminum is a causal factor of Alzheimer's. This video was made in 2017 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGmYsFPHguA
Carlos Oliveira Mon Feb 17, 03:33:00 AM EST
he food supplements glucuronolactone and carnosine are scientifically comproved natural and mild heavy metal chelators , as we can find in scientific research articles published in the medical site called PubMed.
Apples , broccoli and oranges are a good sources of glucaric acid (a byproduct of glucuronolactone).
As glucuronolactone , glucaric acid is a peroxinitrite scavenger, heavy metal scavenger, improves the mitochondrial function increasing energy to the neurons, and apples are the better natural source of glucaric acid , and apples maybe csn be useful to prevent against heavy metal accumulation too.
But for patients that have comproved heavy metsl accumulation , the glucuronolactone powder can gives more stable effect to try to eliminate pathogenic heavy metal accumulation.
The natural source of carnosine it is the chicken chest.
Before carnosine be synthesized in pharmaceutical laboratories, researchers used concentrated extracts from cooked chicken chest.
Carnosine is a peroxinitrite scavenger, antiglycating supplement and a natural heavy metal chelator.
As is expected,small doses of the powder of carnosine works better than the chicken chest extract as a heavy metal chelator.
There are dozens of articles in the medical site PubMed about scientific research with carnosine in Alzheimer disease and in others neurodegenerative diseases.
Darren Hellmund Mon Feb 17, 06:25:00 AM EST
Being that Aluminium can be found in anti-perspirants, shoudl these be avoided also?
Yes and here is a link to other things that contain aluminum.
http://prevent-alzheimers-autism-stroke.blogspot.com/
AlzWeek Mon Feb 17, 06:56:00 AM EST
My personal approach is moderation, as the research is still not conclusive. For example, while I continue to use regular antiperspirant, I also make sure that when I put my sandwich in the toaster oven, there is a sheet of baking paper between my food and the sheet of aluminum foil.
Charlotte Lloyd Mon Feb 17, 01:46:00 PM EST
If they think this, I would look at aluminum cans that people are drinking soda, beer, juices, etc. from on a daily basis. Otherwise my husband has had no great exposure to aluminum
m-mman Mon Feb 17, 10:10:00 PM EST
Wow, whatta leap at a conclusion! This aint science, it is just ONE case study for which the author has made fantastic leaps. Millions of people the world over have AD. If true, the author SHOULD have compared and found aluminum in EVERY AD brain. He did not.
OK, this ONE person was exposed to aluminum and developed AD. Did he work totally alone? Was there nobody else who also worked with the aluminum? If aluminum was a/the cause of the AD then the disease SHOULD have happened in everyone who handled or worked around the aluminum material.
The more people that have been exposed to aluminum that do NOT develop specific Alzheimer's disease (not just some un-named dementia) is overwhelming proof that there is NO CONNECTION between AD & aluminum.
If this researcher believes that aluminum is a cause he has A LOT more work to do and his findings should be easily repeatable. WE all want a cure (and a cause) but this aint it!
The research is now conclusive December 2017, aluminum is a causal factor of Alzheimer's.
https://universityhealthnews.com/daily/memory/aluminum-linked-to-alzheimers-disease/
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MMACF Develops Future Fund for Students
03/04/2019- You may think that five years old is a little early to start planning for a child’s post-secondary future, but not so, according to the local Community Foundation. Through a partnership with area banks, the M&M Area Community Foundation has developed their Future Fund, which establishes a long-term savings account for students enrolling in Kindergarten in every school district throughout Marinette and Menominee County. The program began this year and each Future Fund is opened with a $50 deposit from the MMACF. Executive Director Paula Gryszynski says it’s a new concept in this region, but one that’s statistically proven to boost student success.
The Future Fund is still in its early stages and Gruszynski says they’ve got a lot of growing to do. In 13 years, they need to have at least a million dollars available. But, Gruszynski is optimistic and says the project is about building hope in the community.
The Future Fund isn’t just providing students a little seed money for their future- it also aims to incorporate financial education into classrooms and help schools create a culture of savings and improve financial literacy.
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About Buda
History of Buda
Buda's Beginnings
Buda was a piece of land owned by Mrs. Cornelia A. Trimble. In the year 1880, the International and Great Northern Railroad funded the expansion of the railroad track from Austin to San Antonio. This expansion gave Mrs. Trimble’s land potential and she started working on a plan to plat the land as a city.
The Second Du Pre, Texas
On Friday, April 1, 1881 the town of Du Pre (Buda) was established and plots of land were sold that Saturday. The International and Great Northern Railroad eventually created a rail stop in Buda which led to the town getting a post office, a spike in population growth and attracted businesses to the area. The first community center in this part of the county was Mountain City. It developed before the Civil War, but it was rapidly depopulated as its residents and businesses flocked to the new rail depot in Buda.
After six years of being known as Du Pre, the United State Postal Service discovered that another town had been established as Du Pre, Texas before the year 1881 and required that the town receive a name change.
Becoming Buda, Texas
In 1887, at the request of the post office department, the name of the town was changed to Buda. The common explanation for the new name is that it derives from Spanish word viuda, which translates to widow. The town had gained a reputation as a popular eating and rest stop for rail travelers. The name may refer to a pair of widows who cooked at the Carrington Hotel in the 1880s.
Early Businesses
The provisions of supplies and services to surrounding dairy farms and ranches was the basis of the local economy. At different times the community supported mills, hotels, banks, a lumberyard, two newspapers, a cheese factory, a movie theatre and a skating rink. In 1928 local businesses organized a Chamber of Commerce. Buda remained an active commercial center and railroad depot until the Great Depression.
In 1929 its population was estimated at 600, but by 1933 it fell to 300. The town was incorporated in 1948, but it wasn't until the mid-1980s, as the growth of Austin began to be felt in Buda, did its population once again approach pre-depression levels. During this time, Buda had attracted a cement plant and some craft industry, but the community was still primarily rural and residential. Its population in 1990 was 1,795.
Today, we have a thriving city with major retail and services for our residents and visitors. The population is currently over 8,600 and climbing, as Buda is the fastest growing city is the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization region.
Buda Back in the Day
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Regimental Info
Seaforth Highlanders
Cameron Highlanders
Colonel in Chief
Commanding Officers
Adjutant
Regtl Appts
Sergeants Mess
Assoc Info
Victoria Crosses
Regimental Songs
Regimental Toast and Collect
Regimental Pipe Tunes
Grace by Rev Ivan Warwick
Regimental Nicknames
Pullover Will Travel
Hectors Radio
A Brief History of the Queens Own Cameron Highlanders
The 79th (Cameronian Volunteers) Regiment was raised by Alan Cameron of Erracht in 1793, as one of a number of additional regiments at the start of the French Revolutionary War. However, it was not the first regiment to bear the number 79th, as there had been two previous ones, in 1758-63 and 1778-84, although there is no connection between either of them and the 79th Highlanders. Indeed, they were English regiments. The Regiment was embodied at Stirling in January 1794 and took part in the Flanders campaign, before being sent to Martinique in 1795. Although in both countries they had few battlefield casualties, their numbers were greatly reduced due to disease and, as a result, the men were drafted into the 42nd Highlanders. The cadre then returned to Scotland in 1798 where it recruited to bring the 79th up to establishment again. They then returned to Flanders as part of the Duke of York's Expedition and fought at Egmont-op-Zee, returning to England in 1799. In 1800 they sailed for Cadiz , but did not land and instead took part in Sir Ralph Abercromby's Expedition at Alexandria in Egypt . In 1804 the Regiment was re-titled the 79th (Cameron Highlanders) Regiment of Foot and in 1805 raised a second battalion, although it remained on home duty and was disbanded in 1815. After its spell in the Mediterranean , the 1st Battalion took part in the 1807 expedition against Copenhagen , before going to Portugal as part of Sir John Moore's Army and its subsequent retreat to Corunna. The Regiment then returned to England and in 1810 the Battalion returned to Portugal as part of the 1st Division in the army of Sir Arthur Wellesley, later the Duke of Wellington. The 79th fought with distinction at Fuentes d'Onor and were present at Salamanca.
In July 1813, they fought at the Pyrenees , Nivelle, Nive and Toulouse , before returning to England . With the start of the 100 Days Campaign in 1815, it went to Belgium and formed part of Sir Thomas Picton's Division. They fought at Quatre Bras and then retired to Waterloo , where they greatly distinguished themselves, although their losses in the three days were heavy, with 479 killed or wounded out of an initial strength of 776 officers and men. The Regiment remained in France for three years, returning home in 1818. It then served in various postings, including Ireland , Canada and Gibraltar , until the start of the Crimean War when they became part of the Highland Brigade under Sir Colin Campbell. They fought at Alma and Sevastopol before leaving the Crimea and arriving back home in July 1856. however, a year later the Regiment sailed for Calcutta as a result of the Indian Mutiny, where it fought at the siege and capture of Lucknow and in subsequent operations against the mutineers. It then remained in India for the next twelve years, before returning home in 1871.
In 1873, the Regiment became a `Royal' regiment and became known as the 79th (Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders) Regiment with the Colour of its facings being changed from green to blue. In 1874, a detachment of 130 volunteers from the Regiment served with the linked regiment, the 42nd Highlanders (Black Watch) during the Ashanti War in the Gold Coast. In 1879, they again served in Gibraltar and were there during the Army reforms of 1881, when all single battalion infantry regiments were subject to amalgamations. However the 79th remained independent, becoming the only single battalion regiment in the British Army, being named the 1st Battalion The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders.
In 1882 it proceeded to Egypt and took part in the battle of Tel-el-Kebir and subsequently in the Nile Campaign. It remained in the country and took part in the 1885 fighting on the border with Sudan . It was relieved in 1886, only to return in 1898, as part of Kitchener 's Anglo-Egyptian expedition for the re-conquest of the Sudan and fought at Omdurman . It then went to South Africa and fought in the Boer War, including the Capture of Pretoria, remaining there until the end of the war, when it returned to the United Kingdom and served in Ireland . Meanwhile, the anomaly of being a single battalion regiment was corrected when a second battalion was raised in 1897, which served overseas in the Mediterranean , South Africa , China and India . Like all other regiments, it raised additional battalions in the First World War making a total of 14, which fought in various battlefields winning 62 Battle Honours and 3 Victoria Crosses. After the war, the Regiment reverted to its peacetime strength with both battalions serving in various stations across the world. During the Second World War the expanded Regiment served in the BEF, Burma , Western Desert Sicily , Italy , Greece , France and Germany . After the war it was again reduced to a single regular battalion which served in Malaya , Korea and Aden , before the amalgamation of 1961.
Copyright Alcaig © 2015. All Rights Reserved
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Christine's Journeys
Morocco >
MEKNES & VOLUBILIS
Today we drove through rolling green countryside past olive groves, grasses and wildflowers, to visit two cities near Fes: Meknes, the smallest of Morocco’s four Imperial Cities and capital of Morocco in the 1600’s, and the extensive Roman ruins at the ancient site of Volubilis, claimed by Marcus Aurelius in AD 168.
We entered Meknes through the grand triumphal arch called Bab Khemis, said to be the most beautiful of Morocco’s many arches. It’s also most welcoming with its Arabic inscription proclaiming: “I am the Happy Gate and I welcome all to pass, whether Muslim, Jew, or Christian.”
Meknes was founded by Sultan Moulay Ismail, a ruthless and powerful man descended from the Prophet Mohammed, who set the stage for modern Morocco by wrenching power from foreigners and rebellious Berber tribes. He celebrated his first day in power by murdering all those who refused to submit to his control, yet he was also responsible for Morocco’s last golden age, building an enormous and extravagant palace complex in Meknes, along with many miles of city walls, monumental gates, arches, and kasbahs.
Noted for his excesses, the sultan had a hundred wives and sired 867 children, widely considered to be the largest number of offspring attributed to one man in history.
For his beloved 12,000 Arabian horses, he built an immense stable and granary building, which housed and fed all of them. Massive stone walls, tiny windows, and an elaborate system of underground water channels kept the buildings cool in summer, while thousands of slaves stood at the ready to care for the horses’ every need. We walked under high vaulted stone ceilings in the restored section, then emerged to see long rows of expansive stone archways and stable walls, now crumbling with time and open to the sky, all lined up in perfect geometric order, seeming to stretch to infinity in accordance with the sultan’s wishes for excess and splendor.
We also visited the sultan’s mausoleum. His status as one of Morocco’s greatest rulers means that non-Muslims may enter the sanctuary, via a series of austere and peaceful courtyards meant to induce a quiet and humble attitude among visitors. The shadowplay of light on ochre-colored walls and intricate tilework as we passed through traditional Moroccan archways created a stunning effect. But the ambiance was less than respectful when we entered the inner courtyard, due to four giggling Moroccan woman taking cell phone photos of a young child who couldn’t keep his hands out of the fountain intended for ablations by those coming to worship.
Our Meknes guide “Atimath” was one of the few female guides we had in Morocco, and we learned a lot from her regarding what it’s like to be female in an Islamic country. She first emphasized that things have come a long way in recent years, and to dispel any misconceptions, she said: "Morocco is an Islamic country, not an Arabic country – and there’s a big difference. But I dream for more rights for woman some day.”
Men are still allowed to have up to 4 wives (although now the first must give permission) and husbands have the right to control them. Atimath told us about her college-educated sister who’d become engaged to a man who seemed to appreciate her for who she was but as soon as they were married, he demanded she quit her job and begin wearing a burka. The only way she could have the marriage annulled was by paying a judge the equivalent of $7,000 US, which she did. Atimath told us she herself has decided to not get married at all!
Many women here wear traditional "djellabas", loose fitting hooded garments that fall to the feet; this is especially true of older women and women outside the cities. Among those that choose to wear Western attire, most still wear a head scarf. Even teenage girls who wear skin-tight jeans and modern tops often still wear head scarfs, which are sometimes considered a fashion statement as much as a respect for tradition.
Volubilis was a Roman settlement constructed atop an ancient Carthaginian city dating from the 3rd century B.C., and now represents some of the largest ancient ruins in Africa. Once home to over 20,000 people, Volubilis was a central administrative city for this part of Africa, responsible for the production of grain in this fertile region and the export of goods to Rome. Volubilis also traded with Berber tribes for mutual benefits.
People continued to live in Volubilis for more than 1,000 years after the Romans left, and the city was only abandoned in the 18th century when it was plundered to provide building materials for Sultan Moulay Ismail's palaces and gates in nearby Meknes. It was recognized by UNESCO in 1997 and is the best preserved archaeological site in Morocco.
Dorothy Jardin
Thank you for your beautiful photos and informative descriptions--such beautiful places and cultural history--stunning architecture.
I found the ruins fascinating. I'll want to know more.
"I cannot be awake, for nothing looks to me as it did before. Or else I am awake for the first time, and all before has been a mean sleep."
- Walt Whitman
"In the final analysis, our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this small planet.
We all breathe the same air.
We all cherish our children's future. And we are all mortal."
- John F. Kennedy, 1963
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This site and all materials featured within, including photographs, are protected by my copyright.
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buy us books !
the complete review - fiction
Title: Trust
Author: Cynthia Ozick
Genre: Novel
Availability: Trust - US
Trust - UK
Trust - Canada
B : enormous, feverish heap of a novel
Commonweal . 2/12/1966 Martin Tucker
The New Republic . 13/8/1966 Martin Tucker
The NY Times Book Rev. A 17/7/1966 David L. Stevenson
Saturday Review . 9/7/1966 .
"Cynthia Ozick's Trust is that extraordinary literary entity, a first novel that is a genuine novel, wholly self-contained and produced by a rich, creative imagination, not an imitation of someone else's work or thinly disguised autobiography." - David L. Stevenson, The New York Times Book Review
Trust begins with the college graduation of the narrator, in what must be the mid-1950s. She is the daughter of Allegra Vand, who is far from an ideal mother. On her third man by now -- Enoch --, she can't even be bothered to attend the event. She only had the one child, and it's clear that was more a mistake than anything else. As she admits from the first in a letter to William, the lawyer whom she was very briefly married to before Enoch:
Enoch doesn't like the baby much, but I don't blame him, neither do I. You always wanted a baby and I don't see why. This one isn't very good-looking so far, I suppose they get better as they go along.
Very wealthy, Allegra is free to live in her own world, and she certainly does. William's -- the patrician lawyer lifestyle, with large family in the suburbs -- might have seemed the one for her, but she quickly realised that was a mistake (without ever entirely letting go of him). Enoch, involved in government work (some of it quite ugly), and now up for an ambassadorship, turns out to be the right sort of companion for her, allowing her to do pretty much as she pleases but still having a strong bond with her.
Allegra's brief claim to fame was in her days of Communist rebellion ("I was a Party member"), and specifically her unlikely success with a novel, Marianna Harlow. A terrible book she dashed off, it became a tremendous success, it's popularity still lingering in some parts of the world: "they read her in the high schools. She's the Soviet Uncle Tom's Cabin".
But Allegra's real big mistake, the one that continues to cost her, was a youthful misstep that resulted in the birth of her only child. The father was a shadowy free spirit named Gustave Nicholas Tilbeck, about whom the child -- and then young woman -- knows almost nothing. Allegra keeps the information from her daughter -- not so much protecting the girl as herself (and Enoch). But after the narrator's graduation Tilbeck becomes unavoidable -- she wants to know about him, and he also wants something. With Enoch up for the ambassadorship -- it's as good as his, as long as certain facts don't come to light ... -- Allegra has to try to manipulate the situation until he's been appointed.
Trust is a sort of family saga -- though this is less a dysfunctional than skeletal family, everyone the narrator turns to treating her, at best, as some sort of distant relation. The action is concentrated around the events following the narrator's graduation, culminating in her finding her father, but there is also a long section describing her childhood experiences in Europe just after the war, when she was dragged along (entirely inappropriately) by her mother and Enoch, as well as the pieced-together past of her mother, slowly emerging.
The narrator comes to understand some of her mother's secrets, uncovering layers of her life and the one big secret she's been hiding (with William's help) all along. The step-fathers in her life, William and Enoch, and their work, as well as William's family -- the life that could have been the narrator's, if Allegra had stuck with him -- also play significant roles, each not entirely what they seem.
It's an odd, enormous house of cards built on lies (or at least hushed-up and withheld information) and strong personalities (Tilbeck, when he turns up, is no less powerful a personality than Allegra). The narrator remains surprisingly blasé about much of it. Along the way there are odd, unlikely adventures and events, from the experiences of the girl in war-torn Europe to the Quaker family of a paleontologist camping out on Tilbeck's island before heading to Pakistan.
Trust is certainly not predictable, but it is hard to digest, a slab of a novel that wallows in dialogue and the narrator's take on what often need not be taken. It's not really overwritten, but the writing has an odd and ultimately forced polished feel to it, abounding in over-explained observations and insights that might be better left for the reader to reach him or herself. The imitation ... Austen ? Tolstoy ? James ? gets to be a bit much:
All of youth is beauty if one defines beauty as that which precedes blemish: but blemish is character, and a pretty brow without the scars of character signifies only youth, and not proper beauty, which is banded with marks and acts.
Indeed, the whole novel is a bit much -- and yet it is not without appeal. Allegra is an amusing, driven character, her antics (and those of some of the other characters) well-imagined. There is power to the personal dynamics: the narrator's relationships with her mother, her father-figures, a nanny, and William's son in particular are compelling. And many of the scenes and dialogue are quite striking (though generally they don't go anywhere fast enough).
It is too unwieldy a novel, straying about somewhat loosely (feeling like what is left behind from a longer manuscript, pared down to manageable size). It requires patience: it is a big, ambitious novel and not a fast read. Unfortunately, what might have been gripping enough to hold a reader in the 19th or early 20th century probably isn't any longer in these quick-paced times.
Not bad at all, but hard to recommend.
Trust:
Houghton Mifflin publicity page
Cynthia Ozick:
The complete review's Cynthia Ozick page
Cynthia Ozick by Joseph Lowin at Jewish Virtual Library
Interview at The Atlantic Monthly.
Against modernity by Cynthia Ozick at The New Criterion
Other books by Cynthia Ozick under review:
Bloodshed
The Cannibal Galaxy
Heir to the Glimmering World
The Messiah of Stockholm
The Pagan Rabbi
The Puttermesser Papers
The Shawl
Non-fiction:
Art & Ardor
The Din in the Head
Fame & Folly
Metaphor & Memory
Quarrel & Quandary
See Index of Contemporary American fiction
American author Cynthia Ozick is the author of numerous works of fiction, as well as several collections of essays. She has been awarded a number of prizes and honors, and she has received a Guggenheim Fellowship.
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New Home Construction Rising Across Australia
By Samantha Kelly
Australia’s property market is strengthening, as outlined by national figures for construction and home-lending.
The latest quarterly report released by the Housing Industry Association (HIA) indicates a boost in the construction of new homes and units for the 2013, 2014 financial year. The data also suggests a prospective recovery for renovation.
New South Wales is leading this surge in construction as figures suggest that the number of dwelling commencements will reach 49,000. This is an increase of 21.9 per cent and the highest recorded number in the past ten years.
The report also reveals that the construction of new homes in Queensland is expected to reach 36,335 over the financial year. This is a rise of 24% and the highest level recorded over the past six years.
An increase in the beginning stages of construction is also outlined in South Australia and Western Australia.
The Australian Bureau of statistics calculated over $13 Billion dollars of residential building work during the March 2014 quarter.
Economist Geordan Murray explains the links between dwelling approvals and residential building. Murray identifies these figures as the “first official statistics confirming that that the strong leading indicators we saw late last year are flowing through to strong levels of residential building activity on the ground.”
The future is also optimistic for home lending, particularly in Western Australia where state-wide figures have increased by 20 per cent over the past twelve months.
National records from the Australian Bureau of Statistics reveals lending for new home building is rising to its highest quarterly level since 2010. An increased level of employment in the building industry is expected to follow.
Experts anticipate an increase in renovation activity, which has suffered significantly over the previous decade. The value of work done on renovations has increased slightly in the March quarter, signifying the potential for further growth.
Housing Industry Association Chief Economist Harley Dale said it is highly probable that this nation-wide growth will be maintained throughout 2014.
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Livre : 1000 Record covers
Accueil 1000 Record covers
The A-Z of Record Labels
Goldmine Records & Prices
Cars on Vinyl
many color photos
English/French/German
Record covers are a sign of our life and times. Like the music on the discs, they address such issues as love, life, death, fashion, and rebellion. For music fans the covers are the expression of a period, of a particular time in their lives. Many are works of art and have become as famous as the music they stand for-Andy Warhol's covers, for example, including the banana he designed for The Velvet Underground.
This special edition of Record Covers presents a selection of the best 60s to 90s rock album covers from music archivist, disc jockey, journalist, and ex-record publicity executive Michael Ochs's enormous private collection. Both a trip down memory lane and a study in the evolution of cover art, this is a sweeping look at an under-appreciated art form.
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Haven't We Seen That Before?
Parenthood Take Heed: TV Shows Adapted From Movies Have Tried and Failed Before You
by Angel Cohn March 1, 2010 4:12 pm
What is with the TV industry's obsession with making shows out of movies released decades ago? And why make a new show from a movie that was already turned into a halfway decent TV series 20 years ago? Did the producers of the new Parenthood not witness the debacle that was Eastwick? (Apparently not.) Sure, some films have made a positive transition to television (M*A*S*H, Stargate, Friday Night Lights and Buffy the Vampire Slayer, to name a few) but for every success story, there's a massive stinker that sucks the life out of the source material and dampens our fond memories of the cinematic original. While Parenthood might succeed (given its awesome cast), we're at least hoping that it doesn't follow the footsteps of these complete duds.
The Witches of Eastwick was a wickedly fun movie with star-power galore, featuring Cher, Susan Sarandon and Michelle Pfeiffer as three witches and Jack Nicholson as the devil who goaded them into using their powers for evil. There was a TV adaptation in 1992 that never made it to air, another flopped pilot starring Marcia Cross (Desperate Housewives), Kelly Rutherford (Gossip Girl), Lori Loughlin (90210) and Jason O'Mara (Life on Mars) in 2002 and then the most recent version with Rebecca Romijn, Lindsay Price, Jaime Ray Newman and Paul Gross. When you've got Oscar-winning actor Jack Nicholson's role being filled by the guy from Due South, you should know you're in trouble. But it wasn't just the lack of a charismatic cast that got this 2009 series pulled off the airwaves quickly, it was also the poor writing that basically made the program a cross between Desperate Housewives andCharmed, which really no one needed or wanted.
This little indie that could really couldn't when it came to the small screen. Mostly unknown Nia Vardalos and John Corbett had an unexpected chemistry on screen, and Lainie Kazan really rocked as the big Greek mama, with the rest of the family a surprising delight to see on the big screen (we still look at a Windex bottle and giggle). But when they took that charming comedy and turned it into a formulaic sitcom with predictable jokes, and recast John Corbett with Stephen Eckholdt, that movie magic quickly disappeared and, after seven brief episodes, so did the show.
The film Clueless is based on literature, so it has to be good, right? And it had Alicia Silverstone as a pampered teen princess learning to help others instead of just herself as well as finding Mr. Right (Paul Rudd), who was under her nose the whole time. Oh, and she befriends a fashion-challenged Brittany Murphy (though her recent death makes this sad to watch now). The TV series was just basically a more colorful version of 90210 with Rachel Blanchard (who is no Alicia Silverstone) starring as a kinder, less selfish (though still ditzy) version of Cher. And David Lascher, though adorable on Hey, Dude and Sabrina, was nowhere near as cute as Rudd. So this film became a teen show that lasted three seasons (on two different networks) and resembled Jane Austen's Emma not at all. Great theme song, though.
John Candy starred as a drinking, smoking, absentee uncle who got stuck caring for his nieces and nephews (including a pre-Home Alone Macaulay Culkin). And though he had a highly unconventional style, he ended up actually being good in a parental role. It's a feel-good sort of flick with a lot of physical humor and a little bit of edge. But for the TV show, Candy was replaced by Kevin Meaney (who will probably always be remembered for his whining "that's not right" stand-up), who played the role as a typical sitcom dad. Oh, and the kids were changed to orphans. Orphans! That's a terrible way to start off a sitcom and probably contributed to the show's failure.
It was a must-see John Hughes comedy with a precocious teen who fakes an illness to skip school, contrives to take his best friend and girlfriend out for a day on the tow, and ends up in the middle of a parade in his honor. Totally implausible, but we loved it because of the then-charming Matthew Broderick. That energy and goodwill didn't translate to the TV show, which was just another run-of-the-mill high school comedy. The similarly themed Parker Lewis Can't Lose did a far better job of translating the vibe of Ferris to the small screen in the very same TV season. Ferris did have one saving grace: it introduced us to Jennifer Aniston... actually, we're not sure that's a good thing after all.
Clerks: The Animated Series
Much like My Big Fat Greek Wedding, Clerks was an independent film that made good (and made director Kevin Smith's career). It was a surprise hit about two slackers working at a convenience store and video store (Smith actually worked in said convenience store by day) and was filled with filthy language and wonderfully crude humor. It spawned a sequel (Clerks 2) and a spinoff (Jay & Silent Bob Strike Back) and this short-lived cartoon. It wasn't necessarily that the 'toon itself was so terrible (though trying to make exciting animation out of two slackers is a bit of a challenge) but the fact that the humor had to be cleaned up to air on network television (for the two episodes that actually aired). In another era, this show might have had a shot as part of something like Adult Swim.
Take one depressing, overrated Oscar winning film about racism and intersecting lives in Los Angeles, dumb it down even further and put it on a network that is not known for its original programming and you've got a recipe for bland, instantly forgettable TV.
Take what we said about Clueless and replace "based on Emma" with "based on Shakespeare's Taming of the Shrew" and instead of Alicia Silverstone, put in Julia Stiles. In the movie, Heath Ledger played the charming boy, and his later untimely death makes this film sad to watch now. For the ABC Family series, they stripped out all of the fun banter and wit and just made it your traditional teen comedy about two feuding sisters, one who wants to be popular and one who dislikes people. It's pretty generic, but we suppose it appeals to those kids who have never seen the original. Maybe that's why it's still on the air?
TAGS: bad tv shows from movies, eastwick, parenthood, parker lewis can't lose, ferris bueller, 10 Things I Hate About You, Clerks, Uncle Buck, Clueless, My Big Fat Greek Life
Sunday, March 30, 2014: The Walking Dead
Friday, March 28, 2014: Cold Justice
Noah: After the Flood
Thursday, March 27, 2014: Surviving Jack
Indie Snapshot: The Raid 2
New Girl: The Do’s and Don’ts of Moving to Mars
Wednesday, March 26, 2014: Psych
TV on DVD: Tuesday, March 25, 2014
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YourTango
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Grinnell's Computer Science Curriculum and Major Receives International Recognition
Grinnell's new Computer Science Curriculum and Computer Science Major have received international recognition by the major computing professional societies.
Every 10-12 years, the international professional societies for computing publish extensive recommendations regarding undergraduate programs in computer science. The most recent recommendations, Computer Science Curricula 2013 (CS2013), were published December 20, 2013, by a joint task force of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Computer Society of the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE-CS). The Final Report of the Task Force recognizes the computer science program at Grinnell in several ways:
Grinnell's computing course for non majors, The Digital Age, is identified as a "Course Exemplar" for breadth-oriented, beginning courses.
Each of the three courses in Grinnell's introductory, multi-paradigm, computer science sequence are identified as "Course Exemplars" for their innovative approach to problem solving, their effective use of modern pedagogy, and their incorporation of application themes.
Grinnell's overall computer science curriculum, under development at the time of the published Final Report, is identified as a "Curricular Exemplar".
Each of Grinnell's five computer science faculty is identified in the Final Report's Acknowledgments section.
Overall, "Grinnell" is mentioned on 23 pages of the Final Report.
Through the development of CS2013, Grinnell's computer science faculty was in regular communication with the ACM/IEEE-CS Task Force. After discussions about Grinnell's introductory, three-course, multi-paradigm sequence, Grinnell's computing science faculty were included on a panel discussing "Course Exemplars" at an international conference in March 2013 (SIGCSE 2013). Grinnell's faculty also will be included on a panel discussing "Curricular Exemplars" at a forthcoming conference in March 2014 (SIGCSE 2014).
Grinnell faculty member, Henry M. Walker, observed that Grinnell's inclusion in the list of "Curricular Exemplars" is particularly satisfying. CS2013 identifies curricula from only five schools as exemplars illustrating how desired topics and student outcomes might be combined into an overall framework. Two of those "Curricular Exemplars" focus on programs at two-year colleges. The remaining three are Stanford University, Williams College, and Grinnell College. Grinnell's computer science faculty examine the curriculum on a regular basis — at least every 3-4 years. As part of this review, the faculty discuss its own experiences, feedback from alumni, insights from exit interviews with graduating majors, and discussions on the national/international scene. As part of this process, Grinnell's faculty composed several iterations of updated computer science curricula. A proposed version from near the end of the revision process appears in CS2013. Subsequently, a modest update has been approved and is slated to take effect for the 2014-2015 academic year. The approved version allows somewhat more flexibility in the basic major than the version that appears in CS2013, but all courses listed in the CS2013 version will be available to students interested specific professional careers.
Course Exemplars
Curricular Exemplar
IEEE-CS
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The new Perry Ellis fragrance for men
Their first namesake fragrance in three years, Perry Ellis hits the market today with a new designer scent. Available from August 1st, 2013 from PerryEllis.com, Macy’s, Dillard’s and Boscovs, Perry Ellis is inspired by the label’s signature dot. Playful, the fragrance opens with a combination of a bitter orange citrus burst, crisp herbaceous spices of cardamom, coriander and clary sage. Fir, mint, cedar wood and lavender play the heart to notes of sandalwood, patchouli and white moss wrapped in amber, tonka bean and musk.
For the infectious campaign to match the fragrance, Perry Ellis enlisted photographer Daniel Jackson, who shot Paul Kelly (Q Models), styled by Allan Kennedy in the label’s tailored wears, Paul was cheerily captured in the air, catching a bottle of the new scent (Creative Direction by Richard Austin, hair by Didier Malige, makeup by Aya Komatsu, prop styling by Jerry Schwartz).
Remember: Perry Ellis founded his own fashion house, Perry Ellis International, in 1978, when he opened his showroom on New York’s Seventh Avenue. As the company’s chairman and head designer he later developed Perry Ellis Menswear Collection – marked by “non-traditional, modern classics”. Step by step, he added shoes, accessories, furs and perfume that all bore his name. It became his trademark to skip down the runway at the end of his fashion shows. Throughout the ’80s the company continued to expand and include various labels such as Perry Ellis Collection and Perry Ellis Portfolio. In 1984, Perry Ellis America was created in cooperation with Levi Strauss. In 1985, he revived his lesser-priced Portfolio line. In the early 1980s, wholesale revenues had figured at about $60 million. By 1986 that number had risen to about $260 million. But he died on May 30, 1986 at the age of 42. In 2002, Ellis was honored with a commemorative white bronze plaque embedded into the sidewalk on New York’s Seventh “Fashion” Avenue.After the death of Ellis, a series of notable designers including Isaac Mizrahi, Marc Jacobs and Tom Ford have worked for the company. The womenswear collection was dropped in 2003, but the comapny remains successful and notable today for its high-end menswear and fragrances. Designer Perry Ellis has 39 perfumes in their fragrance base. The earliest edition was created in 1985 and the newest is from 2013. Perry Ellis fragrances were made in collaboration with perfumers Sophia Grojsman, Jean-Louis Grauby, Claude Dir, Loc Dong and Firmenich.
ellis, grooming, menswear, perfume, perry, perry ellis
Doya Karolini
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Louis Vuitton Voyagez Tambour Chronograph II Watch
Introducing the brand new Eyewear Collection by ETQ Amsterdam
ETQ presents its Spring/Summer 2016 collection
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Dexter Season 8 Premiere - 8.01 "A Beautiful Day" - All About the Episode
Tonight's the night. Dexter returns for it's final season, with an all-new episode which will be called, "A Beautiful Day". Skip the jump to get everything about the upcoming episode. The promo trailer, sneak peeks, promotional photos and more!
The eighth season begins six months following LaGuerta's murder. Deb works as a private investigator, with Batista replacing her as lieutenant. Meanwhile, Miami Metro investigates a murder in which the victim had pieces of his brain removed.
By JOHN on Sunday, June 30, 2013
Tags 8.01, A Beautiful Day, Dexter Season 8, Final Season, Season 8
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Some Skylanders Gameplay
6:34 AM - Tuesday the 2nd of August, 2011 - by dark52
GameTrailers.com have two new videos showing a couple of chunks of gameplay from the Wii and 3DS versions of Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure.
The characters they use have some levelled up abilities so you can see the progress that you can make while playing each individual character.
And in another video, this time from One of Swords, you're shown the same Stealth Elf being used on the Wii and then on the 3DS.
A 3DS Bonanza
3:57 PM - Saturday the 30th of July, 2011 - by dark52
This week has seen a few new articles on the Nintendo 3DS version of Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure. First up is a post on USA Today which has a couple of images, then there's a preview at Nintendojo with a couple more screenshots.
And finally COIN-OP.TV have a video featuring the Lead Designer of the 3DS version, Jonathan Mintz.
A First Glimpse of the 3DS Version
6:58 AM - Thursday the 21st of July, 2011 - by dark52
Kotaku brings us the first actual footage of the Nintendo 3DS version of Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure from this year's San Diego Comic-Con.
The video focuses on the process involved with using the unique Portal of Power for the 3DS as it works a little differently than on the consoles.
Another Batch of Screens
7:06 PM - Friday the 15th of July, 2011 - by dark52
GoNintendo have today posted a brand new set of screens that will probably seem eerily familiar... but they're new nonetheless. They've also got the finalised boxart for the North American release for the Nintendo systems as well as a poster that you can print out and colour in if you feel the need to.
And Joystiq has a few more that GoNintendo neglected to post.
1:44 PM - Wednesday the 6th of July, 2011 - by dark52
Amazon.co.uk and CentreSoft have today revealed the names and pictures of the set of individual characters that will be available at release. So here's what you'll be able to get Day 1.
In the console and PC starter packs:
Spyro, Gill Grunt, Trigger Happy
In the 3DS starter pack:
Dark Spyro, Ignitor, Stealth Elf
Individually or as a pack of three:
Drobot, Stump Smash, Flameslinger
Voodood, Boomer, Prism Break
Chop Chop, Bash, Eruptor
Individually:
Zap, Sonic Boom, Stealth Elf (also in 3DS pack)
There are also special Adventure Packs which contain a set of themed items and a character. In one called "Pirate Seas" you can get Terrafin along with some pirate themed items that will enhance your game.
And in another called "Darklight Crypt" you can get Ghost Roaster.
Thanks go to Okaps in the forum for spotting this.
Update: Added Darklight Crypt from Cdiscount, thanks go to Aura24 for that.
E3 Proper
8:42 AM - Wednesday the 8th of June, 2011 - by dark52
With E3 underway the hands-on articles are appearing.
Quote: Joystiq
"We spent about six months on a variety of different directions with Spyro," says Reiche, "and to Activision's credit, they just kept saying more innovative, do something new, more innovative, and they gave us the time and the budget to really seek out what was our dream."
Quote: ars technica
You can bring your toy to a friend's house to share loot and play with your powerful character, and there will also be arenas included in the game so you can pit your characters against each other in battle. The toys themselves are well sculpted, have bright paint jobs, and look great on display.
Quote: Co-optimus
There's environmental puzzles to solve and enemies to kill as well as plenty of items to collect. Little trinkets like a hat for your character can increase your strength or other abilities.
As well as new videos from ScrewAttack and GameTrailers.
Another Skylanders Interview
8:49 AM - Tuesday the 7th of June, 2011 - by dark52
COIN-OP.TV have a video interview with Jeff Poffenbarger of Toys for Bob, and there's some gameplay footage in there too - complete with the user interface.
Thanks go to Razz for spotting it.
More Images, Videos, and a Preview
10:31 PM - Monday the 6th of June, 2011 - by dark52
GameSpot have their E3 2011 preview up for Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure, worth noting is the mention of toys other than characters. Like a pirate ship.
You can find a whole host of new screenshots, photographs, and character trailers in the gallery.
An E3 Trailer
2:40 PM - Monday the 6th of June, 2011 - by dark52
The day before E3 and a brand new trailer has been released. It shows off a whole load of the new Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure characters including the new villain Kaos.
You can also find a downloadable version of the trailer in the Skylanders gallery here at darkSpyro.
Skylanders Box, Screens and Videos
11:18 PM - Thursday the 2nd of June, 2011 - by dark52
Several pieces of (possible placeholder) boxart and five new screenshots of Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure have turned up at Amazon.com. If the release date is also accurate then you can expect the game out on Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii, PC, and the Nintendo 3DS on September 27th 2011.
Toys R Us also have the boxart and a bit more detailed descriptions of the contents of the Starter Packs which will include the game (obviously), the Portal of Power, 3 figures (Spyro, Gill Grunt and Trigger Happy), poster, 3 trading cards, a sticker sheet, and 3 web codes. Hence the large shape of the box.
And IGN have uploaded three new videos showcasing Spyro, Trigger Happy, and Gill Grunt.
Thanks go to Aura24 for spotting the screens and SpyroPurple for spotting the videos.
Spyro at E3
10:46 PM - Wednesday the 1st of June, 2011 - by dark52
If for some strange reason you were in doubt of Spyro's presence at this year's E3 then doubt no more.
Game Informer have received a teaser in the form of the Skylanders Spyro toy. E3 2011 starts on Tuesday next week, so not long left now.
A Skylanders Interview
12:04 AM - Tuesday the 31st of May, 2011 - by dark52
French gaming website Nintendo Difference have put up an interview with Activision's Jared Yeager about Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure. It should help to clear up a few questions about the game and their plans for it.
Quote: Nintendo Difference
ND: Don't you feel that the game will lose some of its personality, as Spyro is now just one of many playable characters?
JY: No I don't think so, because we keep very true to Spyro's origins, and his abilities and play style that people have experienced in the past. There's everything you'd expect Spyro to be able to do, we want to make sure we do it right. You don't just do something because you can, you've got to be smart about it and be able to do it right, and make sure that you're pleasing the fanbase and yourself as a gamer and somebody who likes to enjoy toys. We believe we've definitely done Spyro justice.
Also check out the link for a few large photos of the Spyro, Gill Grunt, Eruptor, and Trigger Happy toys.
Spyro's Next Adventure Announced
3:33 AM - Friday the 11th of February, 2011 - by dark52
Activision have finally revealed their plans for Spyro, and those plans are in the form of Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure. USA Today have the details of this new direction for the franchise.
This is apparently the "innovative new universe" that "will bring the world of toys, video games and the Internet together in an unprecedented way" that Activision recently mentioned in their Financial Results. Which means the game is likely unrelated to any previous Spyro games and you'll be using various real world action figures from a set of more than 30 characters to interact with the game in some manner.
No platforms are mentioned specifically other than "multiple systems as well as computers, handhelds and phones" but earlier rumours suggested Wii and DS as candidates. They also give a release date of "this fall".
Thanks go to Aura24 for finding the article.
Spyro Movie No More
12:48 PM - Sunday the 11th of April, 2010 - by dark52
Unfortunately it appears that the previously announced The Legend of Spyro 3D movie has been cancelled.
Aura24 recently got in contact with one of the writers and got this response:
Quote: Daniel Altiere
So sorry for the let down but we're as disappointed as you are. I'm afraid we're just the writers -- no more than hired hands. We didn't even know the project was cancelled until months after they pulled the plug.
Did you consider writing the gaming company? They're the ones who made the decision to go in a different direction. And if we knew what that direction was we'd share it with you. Again sorry for the disappointment. Wish we had more encouraging news for you.
With no news since May 2008, it was only to be expected. I've readded the full synopsis of the proposed movie back to the The Legend of Spyro 3D page in case you are interested in what might have been.
Classic Year of the Dragon
11:20 PM - Thursday the 14th of May, 2009 - by dark52
Following closely on the heels of the addition of Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage last week, Spyro: Year of the Dragon has now also been added to the North American PlayStation Store.
Everyone's favorite dragon is back, and this time he must save the Year of the Dragon Festival by rescuing the 150 eggs that have been stolen by the evil Sorceress and scattered across the Forgotten Worlds. New features include mini-games, new playable characters, and an Atlas to track your progress and accomplishments. Download this PS one classic today!
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George F. Baker
1. Frances Drexel Munn
Anthony Baker
Pauline Baker+
Kane Baker
Lavinia Baker
George F. Baker , III+
George F. Baker 1
Marriage (1): Frances Drexel Munn
George F. Baker, Jr., was scion of the First National City Bank banking family, the forerunner of CitiBank. In 1918 George F. Baker was #4 on the Forbes list of the wealthiest people in the world. His estimated wealth of $150 million in today's dollars would equal $1.64 billion.
The Baker family has supported Harvard University for many generations, beginning with George Baker, III's great-grandfather, whose donation of $5 million in 1924 made possible the construction of the Harvard Business School campus and the Baker Library. The George F, Baker house, at 93rd and Park Avenue, was designed by Delano and Aldrich. The Baker House is a part of Classical American Homes Preservation Trust.
George married Frances Drexel Munn, daughter of Charles Alexander Munn , Jr. and Mary Astor Paul.
1 New York Social Diary (http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/socialdiary/2006/11_24_06/socialdiary11_24_06.php).
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Hard Drivin’ (Genesis)
Lies! Every word of it!!!
I have only a very vague memory of this game from my childhood. I remember being blown away by 3d graphics, crashing into things for a cool instant replay, and driving my car around an awesome loop. Considering the age, I have a feeling I won’t be quite as impressed with the graphics anymore. But let’s see how it holds up after all these years.
WHERE DID IT ALL GO?! Where are the graphics?! Where is the sound?! Where is the gameplay?! Where is anything?! Is this really the same game I remember from back then? Was I really so stupid back then to think this was a good game? The graphics ARE in 3d, but even for the time they feel unfinished. Everything is just so under detailed it’s almost impressive the balls they had to release this as a finished game. The cars are solid colored blocks vaguely resembling a vehicle, the road is alternating patterns of grey, and the “grass” is a solid flat green. The only real detail is in the mountain way off in the distance.
Sure enough, there IS a loop like I remember. It’s one of the only interesting features of the game. It’s really hard to even call it a “game” though. It’s more of a tech demo. It has subpar graphics, only the most basic of controls, and there’s no sound other than the generic engine noise and occasional tire squeal. Seriously, there’s no music at all or background noise or anything. Just the engine for the whole time you’re playing.
Why is there a box truck on a race track anyways?
I take that back, there IS music in the game. But only for about 3 seconds during the instant replays that happen any time you crash. This is seriously the most fun part of the game, just seeing the car burst into flames. When the failure is the most enjoyable part of the game, you can’t even defend the rest of it.
It even fails as a basic racing game. During normal play, you’re not actually RACING the other cars. You’re just doing time trials. If you do manage to beat the time, you will be challenged to a one on one race with a ghost car, and then go right back to time trials.
But at least there’s a lot of diversity in the game with its amazing 2 different courses! All on the same map of course. Immediately after the start you either drive straight to go on the speed track, or turn right to try the stunt track. Curiously, the stunt track is noticeably SHORTER than the speed track, so it’s unlikely that you’ll manage to beat the time trial actually driving the speed track.
Do I even need to say anything more? It’s a terrible unfinished tech demo of a game. I honestly feel bad for my parents for having bought this for me at full price when it came out. There’s really no reason to play this game since it fails in nearly all aspects of being a game.
Price – $4.00
Even with that low of a price tag, it doesn’t even feel worth it.
Fun Rating – 2 / 10
I want to give it a 1, I really do. But watching the car crash and burn in the instant replays is kind of fun. So it fails as a game, but it does manage to be an ok and very slightly entertaining crash simulator.
Play Again? – NO!
Play what again? There’s nothing left to play. You see the whole game in about 5 minutes. Hell, just by reading this review you’ve seen pretty much everything there is to see.
Total Deaths – 24 Deaths
A few of these were intentional just to see the car burn.
No one will ever beat me, because no one should ever play this game
I hope you enjoyed this 30 Minute Review of Hard Drivin’. If you did, like and follow me on Facebook or Twitter. Also leave your comments, suggestions, and recommendations. If you’re feeling real generous, you can even Donate to help me keep the site going. Thank you for reading, and I’ll see you next time.
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Fiat 600 60th Anniversary Concept by David Obendorfer
Introducing the Fiat 600 60th anniversary concept by Italian industrial designer David Obendorfer. A designer who manages to reinterpret the historical model designed by the great Dante Giacosa. But do not fool yourself, this is not only an up-to-date stylistic transcript. It is in fact the answer to the question “what would the epic Fiat 600 look like if it was born today?”.
Well, it would most probably be a compact, five-door hatchback, positioned in the B-segment, a little over 4 meters in length, designed to accommodate five passengers with luggage. Where the front with the three horizontal chrome strips, the daytime running lights positioned on the bonnet, and the evocative shape of the rear fender would definitely remind one of the precious 600 first series.
About the Fiat 600: The FIAT 600 (Italian: Seicento, pronounced say-chento) is a city car produced by the Italian manufacturer FIAT from 1955 to 1969. Measuring only 3.22 m (10 ft 7 in) long, it was the first rear-engined Fiat and cost the equivalent of about € 6,700 or US$ 7,300 in today’s money (590,000 lire then). The total number produced from 1955 to 1969 at the Mirafiori plant in Turin was 2,695,197. During the 1960s, ’70s and ’80s, the car became very popular in countries such as Spain (as SEAT 600), where it became the icon, par excellence, of the Spanish miracle, Argentina, where it was nicknamed Fitito (a diminutive of FIAT) and former Yugoslavia where it was nicknamed Fićo (pronounced [fee-cho]).
car, fiat, italy
Vasilis Lagios
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Congratulations to Mrs Stella Lau JP
DOGA would like to extend our warmest congratulations to our alumna and DGS headmistress, Mrs Stella Lau JP, on her award of the Silver Bauhinia Star (SBS) from the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region. The Silver Bauhinia Star is awarded to persons who have taken a leading part in public affairs and/or voluntary work over a long period of time. Mrs Lau is awarded the SBS for her distinguished public service, and in particular, her valuable contribution towards the promotion of interests and well-being of women in Hong Kong.
DOGA would also like to congratulate Mrs Lau for receiving a University Fellowship from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
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About Matthew and Peter
What is Podcasting?
Our Credodoublespeakshow2019-01-18T09:10:14+00:00
DoubleSpeak has been on the frontlines of the political battles in America for the past two election cycles. Launched in early 2006, DoubleSpeak is an online radio show and podcast that features high-profile guests, commentary from top media pundits and on-the-ground coverage of important election fights from battleground states across America.
DoubleSpeak is hosted by Matthew and Peter Slutsky, twin brothers based in Washington, D.C., who have extensive experience working in Democratic politics and who are launching their media careers online and hope to bring their experience, expertise, connections and personalities to listeners from coast to coast. The show is produced by Josh Skaroff, the Slutsky Brothers longtime confidant, technical advisor and best friend.
The show is both humorous and informative and aims to penetrate through the mainstream filter and add reverb and infrastructure to internet-driven media. DoubleSpeak uses the power of the web to reach as many listeners as possible and DoubleSpeak has built a dedicated audience comprised of people who wish to stay informed about political races and to be involved in the most critical issues of the day.
The DoubleSpeak team spent the 2006 political cycle on the road traveling on the “One Minivan, One American Tour 2006.” The tour took us around the country and was an effort to connect our listeners to the most targeted campaigns of the cycle and introduce them to candidates vying for seats at all levels of government. Prior to the trip we conducted a grassroots fundraising effort and were able to secure enough resources from listeners, friends and families to pack up a minivan and hit the road.
We ended up conducting interviews in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota, Montana, Colorado and Virginia. In addition to producing podcasts on the road we also appeared on local and national political talk radio to discuss our journey and provide analysis of the races we focused on.
Already during the 2008 cycle DoubleSpeak has been to New Hampshire to cover the race at the ground-level for The Huffington Post. Our stories about Ron Paul’s revolutionaries, the youth vote in the Huckabee and Obama camps, McCain’s resurgence in the campaign and many other pieces received substantial attention and were featured on the homepage of The Huffington Post throughout our eight-day trip.
The DoubleSpeak team – Matthew, Peter and Josh have worked hard to build this show into a podcast that people turn to for political news and analysis.
Copyright (c) 2005-2019 DoubleSpeak and Matthew and Peter Slutsky. All Rights Reserved.
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Click Here To Listen Daniel Okrent
By the widely celebrated New York Times bestselling author of Last Call—the powerful, definitive, and timely account of how the rise of eugenics helped America close the immigration door to “inferiors” in the 1920s.
A forgotten, dark chapter of American history with implications for the current day, The Guarded Gate tells the story of the scientists who argued that certain nationalities were inherently inferior, providing the intellectual justification for the harshest immigration law in American history. Brandished by the upper class Bostonians and New Yorkers—many of them progressives—who led the anti-immigration movement, the eugenic arguments helped keep hundreds of thousands of Jews, Italians, and other unwanted groups out of the US for more than 40 years.
Over five years in the writing, The Guarded Gate tells the complete story from its beginning in 1895, when Henry Cabot Lodge and other Boston Brahmins launched their anti-immigrant campaign. In 1921, Vice President Calvin Coolidge declared that “biological laws” had proven the inferiority of southern and eastern Europeans; the restrictive law was enacted three years later. In his characteristic style, both lively and authoritative, Okrent brings to life the rich cast of characters from this time, including Lodge’s closest friend, Theodore Roosevelt; Charles Darwin’s first cousin, Francis Galton, the idiosyncratic polymath who gave life to eugenics; the fabulously wealthy and profoundly bigoted Madison Grant, founder of the Bronx Zoo, and his best friend, H. Fairfield Osborn, director of the American Museum of Natural History; Margaret Sanger, who saw eugenics as a sensible adjunct to her birth control campaign; and Maxwell Perkins, the celebrated editor of Hemingway and Fitzgerald. A work of history relevant for today, The Guarded Gate is an important, insightful tale that painstakingly connects the American eugenicists to the rise of Nazism, and shows how their beliefs found fertile soil in the minds of citizens and leaders both here and abroad.
My Conversation With Peter Wehner, Author Of The Death of Politics: How To Heal Our Frayed Republic After Trump
My Conversation With Sandy K. Barauh, CEO Of Detroit Regional Chamber On Trade & Tariffs
Trump Immigration Policy Big Profits For Private Prison System: My Conversation With Shane Bauer, Author Of American Prison: A Reporter’s Undercover Journey Into The Business Of Punishment
My Conversation With Bob Keefe, Executive Director Of Environmental Entrepreneurs (E2) Carolina’s Vibrant Coastal Economy Still Faces Offshore Drilling Threat
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Download IRIS 2 Episode 4
Home > IRIS 2 > Download IRIS 2 Ep 4 English Subbed
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Based on the novel “Cinderellawa Nemyungui Kisa” by Baek Myo which was first published on 2011-November-4 by BandiBooks. The series was fully pre-produced before its premiere.
Eun Ha Won (Park So Dam) is a high school student who dreams to be a veterinarian, but needs money for her education. She ends up living in a mansion, Sky House, with three third-generation chaebol cousins under same conditions.......
Sad Love Song
Sad Sonata is a love story about two men and one woman. The young Joon-young (Kwon Sang Woo), who was raised by his mother who sold liquor to American soldiers, met the blind Hae-in (Kim Hee Sun) and they became childhood sweethearts. Then, Hae-in immigrated to the U.S. following her aunt and her uncle[American soldier that married her aunt]. There she met Gun-woo (Yeon Jung Hoon), who was Joon-young's best friend and s......
Han Sang Eun moved to Australia when she was a teenager. Years later she goes back to Korea with her American boyfriend. Her family, however, has their hopes set on her marrying a nice, Korean boy. They do everything in their power to make her fall in love with Kim Yeo Joon.......
Will the tragedy of spring be repeated years later?To escape debt, Lee Su-ho’s father escaped to a remote island where his friend has a young daughter Eun-Young, who is the same age as Su-ho. After being abandoned by his father, Su-ho sought to leave, but his mind changed after being touched by Eun-Young’s pure heart. A series of unfortunate events ensue, and Su-ho disappears, while Eun-Young is sick in the hospital......
Endless Love (korean)
A drama about Korean politics and financials situation in the 1970-1990s through the life of a woman.
After a traumatic past of witnessed her mother’s death, Seo In Ae (Hwang Jung Eum) grows up as ambitious woman with sharp mind who knows how to grab people’s hearts, while still holding hope to avenge her mother someday. Since childhood, her life has been entangled with two opposite-personalities brot......
This drama tells the story of a prosecutor’s wife who’s always dreamed of being a detective. After actually solving a case, she ends up in an unlikely crime-fighting duo with a young police captain.
Yoo Seol Ok (Choi Kang Hee) like mystery novels and dream to become a detective, but she gave up her dream after marrying and become a housewife with a husband who works as a prosecutor. She then meets Ha ......
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Topic: 2018 Challenge: Box Office TOP 100 FILMS OF ALL-TIME (Domestic Gross)
Author Topic: 2018 Challenge: Box Office TOP 100 FILMS OF ALL-TIME (Domestic Gross) (Read 6144 times)
2018 Challenge: Box Office TOP 100 FILMS OF ALL-TIME (Domestic Gross)
Box Office TOP 100 FILMS OF ALL-TIME (Domestic Gross)
(Adjusted for Inflation)
www.filmsite.org/boxoffice.html
I want to try to watch all these films within the year 2018. Some will be re-watches. Some of which I already know I do not like... but will watch again anyway. Wish me luck... I should be able to do this all within a year...though many of them are not in my collection as of yet.
I will be watching these in no certain order... just as the mood hits.
Gone With the Wind (1939)
Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (1977)
The Sound of Music (1965)
E. T. The Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
The Ten Commandments (1956)
The Exorcist (1973)
Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens (2015)
101 Dalmatians (1961)
Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
Avatar (2009)
Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi (1983)
Jurassic Park (1993)
Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace (1999)
The Sting (1973)
Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
The Graduate (1967)
Fantasia (1940)
Jurassic World (2015)
Forrest Gump (1994)
Mary Poppins (1964)
Marvel's The Avengers (2012)
Thunderball (1965)
The Jungle Book (1967)
Sleeping Beauty (1959)
Shrek 2 (2004)
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)
Love Story (1970)
Home Alone (1990)
Cleopatra (1963)
Beverly Hills Cop (1984)
American Graffiti (1973)
The Robe (1953)
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)
Around the World in 80 Days (1956)
Bambi (1942)
Blazing Saddles (1974)
The Bells of St. Mary's (1945)
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
Finding Nemo (2003)
The Towering Inferno (1974)
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016)
The Greatest Show on Earth (1952)
National Lampoon's Animal House (1978)
The Passion of the Christ (2004)
Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith (2005)
Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017)
The Sixth Sense (1999)
Tootsie (1982)
Smokey and the Bandit (1977)
Finding Dory (2016)
West Side Story (1961)
Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977/1980)
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001)
Lady and the Tramp (1955)
Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975)
Rocky (1976)
The Best Years of Our Lives (1946)
The Poseidon Adventure (1972)
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
Men in Black (1997)
The Bridge On The River Kwai (1957)
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963)
Swiss Family Robinson (1960)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
M*A*S*H (1970)
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)
Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones (2002)
Mrs. Doubtfire (1993)
71 to go!
« Last Edit: June 13, 2018, 02:17:16 AM by addicted2dvd »
Re: 2018 Challenge: Box Office TOP 100 FILMS OF ALL-TIME (Domestic Gross)
Titanic (1997/United States)
Wikipedia |IMDb |Trailer |
Paramount Home Entertainment (United States)
Director: James Cameron (1954)
Writing: James Cameron (1954) (Writer)
Length: 195 min.
Video: Widescreen 2.40:1
Audio: English: DTS-HD Master Audio: 5.1, English: Dolby Digital: 2-Channel Stereo, French: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Spanish: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Audio Descriptive: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Commentary: Dolby Digital: 2-Channel Stereo, Commentary: Dolby Digital: 2-Channel Stereo, Commentary: Dolby Digital: 2-Channel Stereo
Leonardo DiCaprio as Jack Dawson
Kate Winslet as Rose DeWitt Bukater
Billy Zane as Cal Hockley
Kathy Bates (1948) as Molly Brown
Frances Fisher as Ruth DeWitt Bukater
Experience Academy Award winning* director James Cameron's epic masterpiece Titanic like never before. Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet shine in this unforgettable love story born of tragedy that became a worldwide phenomenon. Take the journey and discover why critics declare Titanic "a magnificent motion picture that remains spellbinding."**
*Best Director, Best Film Editing, Best Picture, Titanic, 1997
**Roger Ebert, CHICAGO SUN-TIMES
Scene Access
Feature Trailers
While a bit longer then I am used to... I found this to be a good story. It was able to keep my interest easily. I was never much of a fan of Leonardo DiCaprio... but I found him to be good in this one. Worth while if you ever feel up to a longer film.
The Exorcist: Extended Director's Cut & Original Theatrical Version (1973/United States)
IMDb |Wikipedia |Trailer |
Warner Home Video (United States)
Writing: William Peter Blatty (Screenwriter), William Peter Blatty (Original Material By)
Audio: English: DTS-HD Master Audio: 6.1 (Discrete), English: DTS-HD Master Audio: 5.1, French: Dolby Digital: 5.1, German: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Italian: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Japanese: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Russian: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Spanish: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Hungarian: Dolby Digital: 2-Channel Stereo, Polish: Dolby Digital: 2-Channel Stereo, Portuguese: Dolby Digital: 2-Channel Stereo, Spanish: Dolby Digital: 2-Channel Stereo, Commentary: Dolby Digital: Dolby Surround
Subtitles: Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Turkish
Ellen Burstyn as Chris MacNeil
Max von Sydow as Father Merrin
Lee J. Cobb as Lt. Kinderman
Kitty Winn as Sharon
Jack MacGowran as Burke Dennings
Controversial and popular from the moment it opened, The Exorcist marks its historic Blu-ray premiere in a 2-Disc Edition featuring Stunning Hi-Def Presentations of the Original 1973 Theatrical Version and the 2000 Extended Director's Cut. The frightening and realistic tale of an innocent girl inhabited by a terrifying entity, her mother's frantic resolve to save her and two priests – one doubt-ridden, the other a rock of faith – joined in battling ultimate evil always leaves viewers breathless. This greatest supernatural thriller of all time astonishes and unsettles like no other movie.
Outtakes/Bloopers
This is a favorite of mine and my late wife's both. Though it did use to scare her to the point that she made me go to every room with her after watching it... as she was afraid to be alone. Sure it is a bit slow in parts. But the story is of such interest to me that it didn't "feel" slow. I of course love the head spin scene... and then there is the whole spider walk down the stairs scene... very cool. Definitely one I would recommend.
Ghostbusters (1984/United States)
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (United States)
Director: Ivan Reitman
Writing: Dan Aykroyd (Writer), Harold Ramis (Writer)
Audio: English: DTS-HD Master Audio: 5.1, French: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Japanese: DTS-HD Master Audio: 5.1, Portuguese: DTS-HD Master Audio: 5.1, Spanish: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Thai: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Commentary: Dolby Digital: Dolby Surround
Subtitles: Bahasa, Chinese, English, French, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Thai, Commentary
Bill Murray as Dr. Peter Venkman
Dan Aykroyd as Dr. Raymond Stantz
Sigourney Weaver as Dana Barrett
Harold Ramis as Dr. Egon Spengler
Rick Moranis as Louis Tully
The classic supernatural comedies that defined a generation: Ghostbusters and Ghostbusters 2, together in this special collector's edition Blu-ray™ set. Celebrate 30 years of the Ghostbusters franchise with remastered high-def picture & sound for both movies, plus all-new and never-before-seen special features. Plus, explore the history of the films with this deluxe collector’s edition, loaded with production notes, character sketches, insider info and more. Bring home these spooktacularly successful films that captured the imagination of audiences around the world—and redefined the action-comedy genre in the process. Who you gonna call?
One of my all time favorite movies. It is a true '80s classic. This movie is full of fun and laughs. I thought everyone did a very good job in this one. Granted some of the effects didn't hold up that well over the years. And even from the first time I watched it I thought the whole Say Puft Marshmellow Man thing was a little to far on the silly side. But over all it holds up well and I really did enjoy watching it again.
Beverly Hills Cop: Special Collector's Edition (1984/United States)
Director: Martin Brest
Writing: Daniel Petrie, Jr. (Screenwriter), Danilo Bach (Story By), Daniel Petrie, Jr. (Story By)
Video: Anamorphic Widescreen 1.78:1
Audio: English: Dolby Digital: 5.1, English: Dolby Digital: Dolby Surround, French: Dolby Digital: 2-Channel Stereo, Commentary: Dolby Digital: Dolby Surround
Eddie Murphy as Axel Foley
Judge Reinhold as Det. Billy Rosewood
John Ashton (1948) as Sgt. Taggart
Lisa Eilbacher as Jenny Summers
Ronny Cox as Lt. Bogomil
The heat is on in this fast paced action-comedy starring Eddie Murphy as Axel Foley, a street smart Detroit cop tracking down his best friend's killer in Beverly Hills. Axel quickly learns that his wild style doesn't fit in with the Beverly Hills Police Department, which assigns two officers (Judge Reinhold & John Ashton) to make sure things don't get out of hand.
Dragging the stuffy detectives along for the ride, Axel smashes through a huge culture clash in his hilarious, high-speed pursuit of justice.
Featuring cameos by Paul Reiser, Bronson Pinchot and Damon Wayans, Beverly Hills Cop is an exhilarating sidesplitting adventure!
Closed Captioned
This is one I haven't seen in many years. While I still enjoyed this one... I remember liking it more back in the day. Maybe it is just my tastes changing as I get older. But I thought I remembered this one being funnier and more action packed. It has a few laughs in it... but no real action. It is more so a pure comedy.
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring: Extended Edition (2001/United States, New Zealand)
New Line Home Entertainment (United States)
Director: Peter Jackson (1961)
Writing: Fran Walsh (Screenwriter), Philippa Boyens (Screenwriter), Peter Jackson (1961) (Screenwriter), J. R. R. Tolkien (Original Material By)
Audio: English: DTS-HD Master Audio: 6.1 (Discrete), Portuguese: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Commentary: Dolby Digital: Dolby Surround, Commentary: Dolby Digital: Dolby Surround, Commentary: Dolby Digital: Dolby Surround, Commentary: Dolby Digital: Dolby Surround
Subtitles: English, Portuguese, Spanish
Alan Howard as Voice of the Ring (voice)
Noel Appleby as Everard Proudfoot
Sean Astin as Sam
Sala Baker as Sauron
Sean Bean as Boromir
Specially created for home viewing, over 30 minutes of new and extended scenes were added by director Peter Jackson, including new music composed by Howard Shore.
An ancient Ring thought lost for centuries has been found, and through a strange twist in fate has been given to a small Hobbit named Frodo. When Gandalf discovers the Ring is in fact the One Ring of the Dark Lord Sauron, Frodo must make an epic quest to the Cracks of Doom in order to destroy it! However he does not go alone. He is joined by Gandalf, Legolas the elf, Gimli the Dwarf, Aragorn, Boromir and his three Hobbit friends Merry, Pippin and Samwise. Through mountains, snow, darkness, forests, rivers and plains, facing evil and danger at every corner the Fellowship of the Ring must go. Their quest to destroy the One Ring is the only hope for the end of the Dark Lords reign!
Bonus Trailers
Storyboard Comparisons
DVD-ROM Content
BD-Live
Interactive Middle-earth Map
Years ago when this film first came out on DVD I tried to watch this one... and just couldn't get into it. I think it was mostly do to me just not being in the mood to watch such an epic film. Not knowing what I was getting myself into at that time. On this viewing I felt completely different. I really got into the characters and the story line. I can't to continue watching the films. Though I will be watching with my roommates so have to wait for times we can all watch them together. Definitely films I recommend. Well worth the time put in to watch it.
The Sixth Sense: Vista Series (1999/United States)
Buena Vista Home Entertainment, Hollywood Pictures Home Video (United States)
Writing: M. Night Shyamalan (Writer)
Audio: English: Dolby Digital: 5.1, English: DTS: 5.1, French: Dolby Digital: 5.1
Subtitles: English, Spanish
Bruce Willis as Malcolm Crowe
Haley Joel Osment as Cole Sear
Toni Collette as Lynn Sear
Olivia Williams as Anna Crowe
Trevor Morgan as Tommy Tammisimo
Nominated for six Academy Awards®* including Best Picture, this critically acclaimed film remains the #1 thriller of all time. Bruce Willis, in an outstanding and restrained performance, is Dr. Malcolm Crowe, a distinguished child psychologist haunted by his failure to help a former patient. When he meets Cole Sear (Haley Joel Osment), a frightened, confused eight-year-old haunted by a profound secret, they begin a suspense-filled journey of discovery. With a riveting intensity you'll find thoroughly chilling and utterly unforgettable, the revelation of Cole's incredible sixth sense leads them both to mysterious and unforeseeable consequences in this powerful supernatural thriller.
*1999.
Collectible 'The Sixth Sense' Storyboard Sequence.
I was a little concerned about watching this one after already knowing the twist. Whether or not it would hold up. But there was no problem. The story still kept my attention with ease. The atmosphere was still great. And I really liked the cast. I was worried for nothing as this is a film that is , in my opinion, good even for multiple viewings.
American Graffiti: Special Edition (1973/United States)
Universal Studios Home Entertainment (United States)
Writing: George Lucas (Writer), Gloria Katz (Writer), Willard Huyck (Writer)
Audio: English: DTS-HD Master Audio: 2-Channel Stereo, French: DTS: Mono
Richard Dreyfuss as Curt
Ron Howard [Ronny Howard] as Steve
Paul Le Mat as John
Charles Martin Smith [Charlie Martin Smith] as Terry
Cindy Williams (1947) as Laurie
From director George Lucas (Star Wars) and producer Francis Ford Coppola (The Godfather), American Graffiti is a classic coming-of-age story set against the 1960s backdrop of hot rods, drive-ins and rock n' roll. Starring Ron Howard, Richard Dreyfuss, Harrison Ford, Cindy Williams, Mackenzie Phillips and Suzanne Somers in their breakout roles, this nostalgic look back follows a group of teenagers as they cruise the streets on their last summer night before college. Nominated for five Academy Awards®, including Best Picture and Best Director, American Graffiti features the howling sounds of Wolfman Jack and an unforgettable soundtrack with songs by Buddy Holly, Chuck Berry, The Beach Boys and Bill Haley & His Comets.
U-Control, Pocket Blu
My first time seeing this film. And I must say I enjoyed it. There is no denying how closely this film resembles the TV series Happy Days. Right down to Mel's Drive In, Even has Ron Howard who plays a very similar character as he does in Happy Days. Ron Howard isn't the only familiar face from sitcoms. This movie also has Cindy Williams (Laverne & Shirley) and a very young Mackenzie Phillips (One Day at a Time). I almost didn't recognize her. As I said... enjoyed the film. Had fun watching it, though I do wonder how much re-watch-ability it has. Guess I will find out the next time I decide to watch it.
Men in Black (1997/United States)
Director: Barry Sonnenfeld
Writing: Lowell Cunningham (Original Material By), Ed Solomon (Story By), Ed Solomon (Screenwriter)
Length: 98 min.
Audio: English: Dolby TrueHD: 5.1, French: Dolby TrueHD: 5.1, Spanish: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Portuguese: Dolby TrueHD: 5.1, Thai: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Commentary: Dolby Digital: Dolby Surround, Commentary: Dolby Digital: Dolby Surround
Subtitles: Arabic, Bahasa, Chinese, Dutch, English, French, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Thai, Commentary, Other
Tommy Lee Jones as Kay
Will Smith (1968) as Jay
Linda Fiorentino as Laurel
Vincent D'Onofrio as Edgar
Rip Torn as Zed
Men in Black follows the exploits of Agents K (Jones) and J (Smith), members of a top-secret organization established to monitor alien activity on Earth. The two MiB find themselves in the middle of a deadly plot by an intergalactic terrorist (Vincent D'Onofrio) who has arrived on Earth to assassinate two ambassadors from opposing galaxies. K and J face a simple imperative: track down the interloper or the Earth will be destroyed. It's all in a day's work for the Men in Black.
$5.00 VUDU Movie Credit
This movie is just plan fun for me. It is a really good "Turn your brain off... Popcorn Movie"... it has a nice amount of laughs. I enjoyed the performances of both Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones in this movie. I especially enjoyed Will Smith firing off that little gun of his... the "Noisy Cricket". If you just want some mindless entertainment for about an hour and a half... this one I will recommend.
The Dark Knight (2008/United States, United Kingdom)
Writing: Jonathan Nolan (Screenwriter), Christopher Nolan (Screenwriter), Christopher Nolan (Story By), David S. Goyer (Story By), Bob Kane (Original Characters By)
Audio: English: Dolby Digital: 5.1, English: Dolby TrueHD: 5.1, Audio Descriptive: Dolby Digital: 2-Channel Stereo, French: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Spanish: Dolby Digital: 5.1
Christian Bale as Bruce Wayne
Heath Ledger as Joker
Aaron Eckhart as Harvey Dent
Michael Caine (1933) as Alfred
Maggie Gyllenhaal as Rachel
The follow-up to Batman Begins, The Dark Knight reunites director Christopher Nolan and star Christian Bale, who reprises the role of Batman/Bruce Wayne in his continuing war on crime. With the help of Lt Jim Gordon (Gary Oldman) and District Attorney Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart), Batman sets out to destroy organized crime in Gotham for good. The trio proves effective. But soon the three find themselves prey to a rising criminal mastermind known as The Joker (Heath Ledger), who thrusts Gotham into anarchy and forces Batman closer to crossing the fine line between hero and vigilante.
I found this to be a very good continuation to Batman Begins. While it is also a film that is a bit on the long side, it didn't feel like it as the time flew by. Before you knew it the film was over. I like the way they did Joker in this one and think Heath Ledger did a great job with the character. Liked the entire cast. Think the visuals were great. Definitely recommended.
The Dark Knight Rises (2012/United States)
Video: Widescreen :1
Audio: English: DTS-HD Master Audio: 5.1, English: Dolby Digital: 2-Channel Stereo, French: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Spanish: Dolby Digital: 5.1
Gary Oldman as Commissioner Gordon
Tom Hardy (1977) as Bane
Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Blake
Anne Hathaway as Selina
Eight years ago, after assuming the blame for D.A. Harvey Dent's death, a disgraced Batman (Christian Bale) mysteriously vanished. But everything changes with the appearance of a cunning cat burglar (Anne Hathaway) and the arrival of Bane (Tom Hardy), a ruthless madman. Bane's reign of terror forces Bruce out of his self-imposed exile and into the ultimate battle for Gotham City's survival...and his own.
While still worth watching, this one I feel was the worst of the Dark Knight trilogy. While the story line was interesting, it wasn't quite as good as the previous films. I thought the way they did Bane was odd and wasn't too thrilled with Cat Woman either. If by chance you never seen this one...it is worth the time put in to watch it but don't go in expecting too much.
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers: Extended Edition (2002/United States, New Zealand)
Writing: Fran Walsh (Screenwriter), Philippa Boyens (Screenwriter), Stephen Sinclair (Screenwriter), Peter Jackson (1961) (Screenwriter), J. R. R. Tolkien (Original Material By)
John Rhys-Davies as Voice of Treebeard (voice)
Bruce Allpress as Aldor
John Bach (1946) as Madril
Sala Baker as Man Flesh Uruk
Frodo Baggins and The Fellowship continue their quest to destroy The One Ring and stand against the evil of the dark Lord Sauron.
The Fellowship has divided and now find themselves taking different paths to defeating Sauron and his allies. Their destinies now lie at two towers – Orthanc Tower in Isengard, where the corrupted wizard Saruman waits and Sauron's fortress at Barad-dûr, deep within the dark lands of Mordor.
Interactive Middle-earth Map; Interactive Sound Demonstration of The Battle of Helm's Deep
This one does an excellent job of continuing the storyline. I enjoyed it just as much as the first... the cast was great... the storyline was great... the battle scenes were fantastic. I don't know what more to say other then I amlooking forward to revisiting the final installment.
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King: Extended Edition (2003/United States, New Zealand)
Alexandra Astin as Elanor Gamgee
David Aston as Gondorian Soldier 3
The Fellowship's journey is coming to an end. Sauron's forces have attacked Gondor's capital of Minas Tirith in his final siege against mankind. Watched over by a fading steward, the once great kingdom has never been in more desperate need of its king. But will Aragorn find the strength to become what he was born to be and rise to meet his destiny?
As Gandalf desperately tries to move the broken forces of Gondor to act, Théoden unites the warriors of Rohan to join in the fight. Even in their courage and passionate loyalty, the forces of men – with Éowyn and Merry hidden among them – are no match against the swarming legions of enemies raining down on the kingdom. With each victory comes great sacrifice. Despite their great losses, The Fellowship charges forward in the greatest battle of their lifetime, united in their singular goal to give Frodo a chance to complete his quest. Traveling across treacherous enemy lands, Frodo must rely increasingly on Sam and Gollum as The Ring continues to test his allegiance and, ultimately, his soul.
I found this to be an excellent conclusion of the trilogy. Action-packed and visuals are outstanding. I found the entire trilogy to have great re-watch value. Definitely one I highly recommend.
Airport (1970/United States)
IMDb |Trailer |
Universal Pictures Home Entertainment (United States)
Director: George Seaton
Writing: Arthur Hailey (Original Material By), George Seaton (Screenwriter)
Audio: English: DTS-HD Master Audio: 5.1, French: DTS: Mono
Gary Collins (1938) as Cy Jordan
John Findlater as Peter Coakley
Jessie Royce Landis as Mrs. Harriet DuBarry Mossman
Larry Gates as Commissioner Ackerman
Peter Turgeon as Marcus Rathbone
Prepare to take off on a nonstop, edge-of-your-seat thrill ride with four suspense-filled adventures in Airport: The Complete Collection. The quest begins with the original Airport, nominated for 10 Academy Awards including Best Picture, which launched the popular 1970s disaster film genre and became a box office smash. In Airport 1975, a mid-air collision leaves a 747 without a pilot and little hope for survival. The tension continues in Airport '77 when a 747 is trapped underwater in the Bermuda Triangle and it's a race against time to save the passengers and crew. In The Concorde: Airport '79, at twice the speed of sound, the Concorde must evade a vicious attack by a traitorous arms smuggler. Featuring all-star ensemble casts that includes Charlton Heston, Burt Lancaster, James Stewart, Jack Lemmon, Lee Grant, Jacqueline Bisset, Dean Martin, George Kennedy and many more, Airport: The Complete Collection will leave you on edge from takeoff to dramatic landing.
I grew up hearing about this movie. So been wanting to see it for years. I am so glad I finally got the chance to do so. First going into it I found the movie to be very slow. This is something that normally bothers me... but in this case it is needed. The film needed time to get you familiar with the characters and set up what is happening. The one thing that really did bother me here is all the use of split screen and such used every time someone was on the phone or radio. This is something I never liked. It pulls me out of the story. The people on screen can't see the person they are talking to.... why should we? It just does not feel realistic so when they did this every time it was just too much for me. That being said, I loved the film itself. It has a great story line and some big names in the cast. I especially liked Dean Martin here. This is not the type of film I think of when I think of him. And I felt he did a great job. If you never seen this one before I definitely recommend it.
Ben-Hur (1959/United States)
Writing: Lew Wallace [General Lew Wallace] (Original Material By), Karl Tunberg (Screenwriter)
Audio: English: DTS-HD Master Audio: 5.1, French: Dolby Digital: 5.1, German: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Italian: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Spanish: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Portuguese: Dolby Digital: Mono, Czech: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Hungarian: Dolby Digital: Mono, Polish: Dolby Digital: 5.1, Commentary: Dolby Digital: Dolby Surround, Music Only: Dolby Digital: Dolby Surround
Subtitles: Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish, Thai
Charlton Heston as Judah Ben-Hur
Jack Hawkins as Quintus Arrius
Haya Harareet as Esther
Stephen Boyd as Messala
Hugh Griffith (1912) as Sheik Ilderim
High-definition Blu-ray hits greater heights with the arrival of the visual splendor, thundering action and towering drama of this record-setting winner of 11 Academy Awards® including Best Picture*. Charlton Heston brings a physical and moral presence to his Best Actor Oscar®-winning role of Judah Ben-Hur, a Jewish nobleman in Palestine whose heroic odyssey includes enslavement by the Romans, vengeance against his tormentors during a furious arena chariot race and fateful encounters with Jesus Christ. Best Director Oscar® winner William Wyler masterfully grips the reins of an enduring and spellbinding spectacular.
*Other 1959 Awards: Best Supporting Actor (Hugh Griffith), Color Art Direction/Set Decoration, Color Cinematography, Color Costume Design, Film Editing, Score, Sound and Special Effects.
Years ago when I was a teen they showed a portion of this (the chariot race) in class in high school. Every since then I wan't to see the entire film. And now... more years later then I wish to admit to... I finally got to see the entire epic film. A true classic if there ever was one. Yes, such a long film, but it doesn't feel like it when you watch. The time went by so fast! The acting is great, the visuals are fantastic and the story will bring out multiple emotions through-out. If there was one thing I would change here it would be a little more action. Not much more mind you... but I think just a touch more would have been beneficial. But over-all recommended as a must see!
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HEALTH IMPACTS - KIDNEY IMPACTS & DISEASE
FLUORIDE:
"The National Kidney Foundation has not issued specific recommendations regarding fluoride intake and kidney disease due to the limited available research on the topic. The benefits of water and dental products containing fluoride is the prevention of tooth decay and dental cavities in people of all ages. The potential health risks are a rare bone disease called skeletal fluorosis, bone fractures and severe enamel fluorosis. For more information on fluoride in CKD please refer to the documents below." Provided for information and discussion purposes: "The information, text, logos, images, pictures, video or audio (collectively, the Content) included in and constituting the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Website are protected by applicable U.S. and international copyright and trademark laws, and may not be used in any form in whole or in part without prior written permission of the Foundation. Single copies of the Content of the NKF Website may be printed for personal or educational purposes without permission, and must include the original copyright notice."
For more information please refer directly to the National Kidney Foundation web pages.
"Fluoride Intake in Chronic Kidney Disease, April 15, 2008
The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) 1981 position paper on fluoridation has recently been challenged by a lawyer, an individual with public health training, and an academic dentist, who all oppose water fluoridation. The statement from that position paper regarding insufficient evidence to recommend fluoride-free drinking water for the susceptible kidney disease population has drawn the most criticism. The availability of new information published after 1981, particularly the National Research Council’s (NRC) report on fluoridation of March 2006 is an additional critique. A recently published review by Kidney Health Australia also suggested the NKF position statement is outdated. Lastly, the American Dental Association’s listing of the National Kidney Foundation as an organization that recognizes the public health benefits of water fluoridation to prevent tooth decay has been questioned."
Other international articles on the effects of fluoridation exist.
"Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation is one of the world's leading journals devoted to original clinical and laboratory research in nephrology, dialysis and transplantation. Published monthly, the journal provides an essential resource for researchers and clinicians throughout the world."
Effects of fluoridation of community water supplies for people with chronic kidney disease Marie Ludlow, Grant Luxton and Timothy Mathew Kidney Health Australia, Adelaide, South Australia and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia
"The calcified tissues in the human body contain 99% of the body burden of fluoride and most of this is non-exchangeable. Absorption of fluoride is rapid and extensive, with about 50% of the absorbed fluoride becoming associated with calcified tissues within 24 h and the remainder being excreted in the urine. In infants and young children, the amount of fluoride retained in calcified tissues is >50% of the ingested daily amount."
"There is consistent evidence that impairment of kidney function results in changes to the way in which fluoride is metabolized and eliminated from the body, resulting in an increased burden of fluoride."
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Six systems, with complementary architectures and a global peak power of 15 petaflop/s… This is what the European research infrastructure PRACE (Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe) makes available to European academic researchers and industrials. .
Since 2010, PRACE has achieved its roadmap: put Europe back in the worldwide HPC race. And this result have been obtained thanks to the commitment of four of ots country members (France, Germany, Italy and Spain) which have, each, invested 100 million euros over five years (2010-2015) for the deployment of very powerful supercomputers in order to support both the progress of knowledge and innovation in Europe.
PRACE has been officially created on spring 2010 as an “association internationale sans but lucrative” (AISBL) under the Belgian law. On 1 March 2013, 25 country members are involved in PRACE: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France (represented by GENCI), Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey.
The resources and services provided by PRACE are the source of many scientific advances and including two that received the 2014 prizes awarded by the readers of HPCwire: The "Best Use of HPC in Automotive" prize for the French company Renault (optimisation of the parameters used for crash-tests) and the "Top Supercomputing Achievement" prize for a German team from the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (simulation of the entire known Universe from its birth to the present day, including the web of spiral and disc galaxies).
More information: www.prace-ri.eu
France in leading position
The French contribution to PRACE takes the form of the making available by GENCI of the Curie machine at TGCC (CEA’s Très Grand Centre de Calcul) in Bruyères-le-Châtel. With a generalist and balanced architecture and a total capacity of 2 Pflop/s, Curie is the most sought-after supercomputer among the PRACE project calls.
France has been making good use of the PRACE computing resources, with 20% by number of projects and allocated resources. It is also the leading country by number of industrial users (large groups and SMEs) accessing the PRACE resources since April 2012.
Some key figures
Since April 2010, following 12 project calls, PRACE has offered more than 11 billion hours to 435 European projects.
PRACE project calls: http://www.prace-ri.eu/Call-Announcements
Awarded projects: http://www.prace-ri.eu/PRACE-Awarded-Projects
Access to the PRACE resources
The computing resources of PRACE are available to academic and industrial researchers (the latter since April 2012) for open research work, by means of biannual project calls. The applications are evaluated by an independent international scientific panel, on the basis of a single criterion: scientific excellence.
Support of European SMEs
PRACE has launched in 2013 the SHAPE programme (SME HPC Adoption Programme in Europe) using the model of France’s HPC-SME Initiative. Like HPC-SME in France, the objective of SHAPE is to facilitate the take-up of high performance computing by innovative SMEs in Europe.
Following the initial pilot call launched at the end of 2013 through which ten SMEs, including two from France, were offered support, SHAPE is now one of PRACE’s permanent services.
2 French SMEs are among the winners of the 3rd call. The 4th call is under way.
The SHAPE programme is the winner of the HPCwire 2014 "Best HPC Collaboration between Government and Industry".
Pre commercial procurement
With four other European partners and PRACE, GENCI is a participant in a Pre-Commercial Procurement (PCP), with a call issued at the end of 2013 and with the aim of defining innovative technological solutions in terms of energy efficiency, a key challenge for the next generation of supercomputers.
PCP is a new European Commission tool for the tendering, in phases, of R&D activities with the aim of implementing a shared funding, with preselected companies, of innovative solutions.
PRACE services
All PRACE users can access the training services made available by PRACE, namely in the six PRACE Advanced Training Centres (PATC), one of which is in France, co-ordinated by the Maison de la Simulation in partnership with the three national computing centres and Inria.
Begun in May 2012, a work on the strategic review going beyond 2015 continues today with the stated aim of ensuring the future continuation of PRACE and helping to set high performance computing as a critical element within the scientific, economic and social policies of Europe.
One year with PRACE
PRACE 10th Call for proposals: a new success for France
PRACE: 10th call for proposals now open
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C. S. Lewis Jubilee Festival: 19 – 22 September 2013
posted 26 Jun 2013, 02:49 by CTH Webmaster [ updated 15 Jun 2018, 11:05 ]
Members of Holy Trinity, Headington Quarry are finalising the details of a Jubilee Festival to commemorate their most famous former parishioner. C S Lewis was a member of the congregation at Holy Trinity for over 30 years from the time of his conversion to Christianity until his death in November 1963. He is buried in the churchyard. The ‘C S Lewis Jubilee Festival’ will take place from 19 – 22 September 2013 and tickets for the various events are now on sale.
C S Lewis is well known for his children’s books ‘The Chronicles of Narnia’ which have sold over 100 million copies and been translated into 47 languages. In addition he was a prolific author of books explaining the essence of the Christian faith for older readers, a noted authority on aspects of English poetry, a don at Magdalen College, Oxford and a professor at Magdalene College, Cambridge. The story of how he met and married his wife Joy was the subject of the play and major film ‘Shadowlands’.
Susie Stead, who is chairing the festival planning group said, “50 years on, interest in C S Lewis and his writings continues unabated. Many people come from all over the world to Holy Trinity to see where he worshipped and to visit his grave. This 50th anniversary is an opportunity for us to celebrate his life and the remarkable breadth of his writing. Whether you have an interest in Narnia or poetry, medieval literature or Christian apologetics, or simply the man himself and stories about his life there will be something for you. Whatever your age, whatever your interest, we look forward to welcoming you to our festival.”
The Festival launches with a talk by Professor Alister McGrath who has published a new biography of Lewis to coincide with this 50th anniversary. There will also be guided walks around C S Lewis’s Headington, the area of Oxford he lived for over 40 years, tours of the church and the churchyard, family activities with a Narnia theme, and the premiere of a new play “Through the Wardrobe Door – the life of C S Lewis” which intertwines extracts from the Narnia tales with stories from his life and letters. On Sunday 22 September both main church services at Holy Trinity will have a Lewis theme, with the evening service being a final celebration when the Bishop of Oxford, the Rt Rev John Pritchard, will preach.
The Rev Tim Stead, Vicar of Holy Trinity, said, “I’m delighted with the range of activities that are planned for the Festival. C S Lewis was a faithful worshipper at Holy Trinity for many years and we’re proud to be able to honour his memory in this way. We’ve already had expressions of interest in the Festival from across the world and we look forward to welcoming many people and sharing with them in the many facets of Lewis’s life and work”
The C S Lewis Jubilee Festival runs from Thursday 19 September to Sunday 22 September 2013. Full details of the programme are on the dedicated website, www.cslewisjubileefestival.org, where tickets may also be purchased. Alternatively, phone Oxford 454353 for more information or to book tickets.
CTH will also have details of the programme on the Calendar page and we have attached a copy of the poster to this page for you to download if you wish.
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Education ›
Subscribe to the Forest Products Commission’s (FPC) YouTube channel to view all of our videos.
You are welcome to link to, share and reference these videos; however, you must attribute the source in accordance with FPC’s website copyright information.
Western Australia's sustainable forest and timber industry
The following video is an overview of the forest and timber industry in Western Australia.
With a rich and proud history, the industry has been an important part of life for many south-west communities for about 150 years and is still the economic back bone for many south-west towns.
Forests in Western Australia are managed sustainably to ensure a balance between environmental and socio-economic outcomes and values. The FPC’s role is to manage the harvesting and regrowing of Western Australia’s forests and the selling of the state’s valuable timber resource.
Sustainable forest management in Western Australia
This three minute video looks at how forests in Western Australia are manage sustainably.
What is sustainable forest management? We all know it's important but why?
Sustainable forest management is about finding the balance - protecting our forests for future generations, while also providing many other benefits including the timber and timber products we use every day.
For our forests to be truly sustainable they have to support all our communities' environmental, social and economic needs and values now and into the future.
Wood in buildings stores carbon, helping tackle climate change
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Systems Configured to Generate Output Corresponding to Defects on a Specimen
United States Patent Application 20070030477
Kind Code:
Systems configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen and systems configured to generate phase information about defects on a specimen are provided. One system includes an optical subsystem that is configured to create interference between a test beam and a reference beam. The test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the specimen. The system also includes a detector that is configured to generate output representative of the interference between the test and reference beams. The interference increases contrast between the output corresponding to the defects and output corresponding to non-defective portions of the specimen.
Hwang, Shiow-hwei (Livermore, CA, US)
Fu, Tao-yi (Fremont, CA, US)
Liu, Xiumei (Santa Clara, CA, US)
KLA-TENCOR TECHNOLOGIES CORP. (One Technology Drive, Milpitas, CA, US)
356/237.1
G01N21/00
Download PDF 20070030477 PDF help
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COOK, JONATHON
BAKER & MCKENZIE LLP (1114 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY, 10036, US)
1. A system configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen, comprising: an optical subsystem configured to create interference between a test beam and a reference beam, wherein the test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the specimen; and a detector configured to generate output representative of the interference between the test and reference beams, wherein the interference increases contrast between the output corresponding to the defects and output corresponding to non-defective portions of the specimen.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the reference beam and the test beam are reflected from the same measurement spot on the specimen, and wherein the reference beam has a lower resolution than the test beam.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the reference beam and the test beam have different imaging pupil profiles.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the reference beam is oriented such that the phase of the reference beam is substantially parallel to the phase of a portion of the test beam reflected from the defects.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured to adjust the reference beam such that the reference beam can be oriented to be in-phase with a portion of the test beam reflected from the defects to increase the contrast.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical subsystem comprises a group of two wedge prisms, and wherein the system is further configured to move a first of the two wedge prisms with respect to a second of the two wedge prisms to alter relative phase between the reference and test beams.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical subsystem comprises a mirror, and wherein the system is further configured to alter a position of the mirror to alter relative phase between the reference and test beams.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical subsystem comprises one or more optical components configured to alter the relative amplitude ratio and phase between the reference and test beams.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to direct the test and reference beams collinearly along an optical path, and wherein the test and reference beams have different polarizations.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the reference beam and the test beam have substantially the same resolution, and wherein portions of the reference beam and the test beam that interfere with each other are reflected from neighboring, substantially identical structures on the specimen.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to laterally shift the reference beam with respect to the test beam.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured such that portions of the reference beam and the test beam that interfere with each other are reflected from substantially identical patterns spaced from each other on the specimen.
13. The system of claim 1, wherein the reference beam and the test beam have polarizations that are orthogonal to each other.
14. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical subsystem comprises a wedge element comprising a concave element and a convex element, and wherein the system is further configured to move one or more of the concave and convex elements with respect to each other to create lateral shift between the test beam and the reference beam.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the wedge element is formed of a birefringent material.
16. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to create interference between the test beam and an additional reference beam, wherein the reference beam has a lower resolution than the test beam, and wherein the additional reference beam and the test beam are laterally shifted from each other.
17. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured such that the test and reference beams are imaged with different pupil apertures.
18. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to alter relative amplitude and phase between the reference beam and the test beam substantially continuously.
19. The system of claim 1, wherein the defects for which the interference increases the contrast comprise different types of defects.
20. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to generate an additional test beam reflected from the specimen, and wherein the system further comprises an additional detector configured to generate bright field output representative of the additional test beam.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the output and the bright field output are generated simultaneously.
22. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to collect an additional test beam scattered from the specimen, and wherein the system further comprises an additional detector configured to generate dark field output representative of the additional test beam.
23. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured for inspection of the specimen.
24. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is further configured for review of the defects on the specimen.
25. A system configured to generate phase information about defects on a specimen, comprising: an optical subsystem configured to combine a test beam and a reference beam to create an interference beam, wherein the test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the specimen, and wherein the reference beam has a lower resolution than the test beam and is laterally shifted from the test beam in the pupil space of the optical subsystem to create spatial fringes at an image plane of the optical subsystem; and a detector configured to generate output representative of the spatial fringes at the image plane, wherein the output can be used to determine the phase information about the defects.
26. A system configured to generate phase information about defects on a specimen, comprising: an optical subsystem configured to combine a test beam and a reference beam to create an interference beam, wherein the test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the specimen, and wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to alter phase of the reference beam to create different interference beams; and a detector configured to generate output representative of the different interference beams, wherein the output can be used to determine the phase information about the defects, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to scan the different interference beams over different segments of the detector, and wherein the different segments extend across a portion of one dimension of the detector.
27. The system of claim 26, wherein the one dimension of the detector comprises a width of the detector.
28. The system of claim 26, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to alter the phase of the reference beam to create the different interference beams for different swaths on the specimen, and wherein the one dimension of the detector comprises a height of the detector.
29. The system of claim 26, wherein the detector comprises a time delay integration detector.
30. The system of claim 26, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to scan the different interference beams over the different segments of the detector sequentially.
31. The system of claim 26, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to scan the different interference beams over the different segments of the detector substantially simultaneously.
32. The system of claim 31, wherein the optical subsystem comprises a staged phase wedge, and wherein different stages of the staged phase wedge are configured to alter the phase of the reference beam to different degrees substantially simultaneously.
33. The system of claim 31, wherein the optical subsystem comprises an optical component configured to separate the reference beam into multiple reference beams, wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to alter the phase of the multiple reference beams such that each of the multiple reference beams has a different phase, and wherein the optical subsystem is further configured to combine the test beam and the multiple reference beams to create the different interference beams.
34. The system of claim 33, wherein the optical component comprises a grating.
35. The system of claim 33, wherein the optical component comprises a polarizing component disposed between two birefringent plates.
36. The system of claim 33, wherein the optical component comprises a polarizing component disposed between a grating and a birefringent plate.
PRIORITY CLAIM
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/704,738 entitled “Systems Configured to Generate Signals Corresponding to Defects on a Wafer,” filed Aug. 2, 2005, which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
This invention generally relates to systems configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen. Certain embodiments relate to systems that include an optical subsystem that is configured to create interference between a test beam and a reference beam, both of which are reflected from a specimen.
The following description and examples are not admitted to be prior art by virtue of their inclusion in this section.
Fabricating semiconductor devices such as logic and memory devices typically includes processing a substrate such as a semiconductor wafer using a number of semiconductor fabrication processes to form various features and multiple levels of the semiconductor devices. For example, lithography is a semiconductor fabrication process that involves transferring a pattern from a reticle to a resist arranged on a semiconductor wafer. Additional examples of semiconductor fabrication processes include, but are not limited to, chemical-mechanical polishing, etch, deposition, and ion implantation. Multiple semiconductor devices may be fabricated in an arrangement on a semiconductor wafer and then separated into individual semiconductor devices.
Inspection processes are used at various times during a semiconductor manufacturing process to detect defects on a specimen such as a reticle and a wafer. Inspection processes have always been an important part of fabricating semiconductor devices such as integrated circuits. However, as the dimensions of semiconductor devices decrease, inspection processes become even more important to the successful manufacture of acceptable semiconductor devices. For instance, as the dimensions of semiconductor devices decrease, detection of defects of decreasing size has become necessary since even relatively small defects may cause unwanted aberrations in the semiconductor devices.
Many different types of inspection tools have been developed for the inspection of semiconductor wafers. Defect inspection is currently being performed using techniques such as bright field (BF) imaging, dark field (DF) imaging, and scattering. Phase detection is typically performed using spatial fringe modulation. The type of inspection tool that is used for inspecting semiconductor wafers may be selected based on, for example, characteristics of the defects of interest and characteristics of the wafers that will be inspected.
There are, however, many disadvantages to currently used inspection systems. For instance, as design rules shrink, the amplitude perturbations and complex fields resulting from defects are significantly weaker compared to those resulting from the object being inspected. With BF mode, because of the small amplitude perturbations, the contrast of the defect image is relatively low making the defect extremely difficult to detect. For DF mode, the defect contrast is generally satisfactory; however, the raw signal is typically so weak that the signal is not above the sensor noise. The raw signal may be increased by increasing the intensity of the illumination used for the DF mode. However, to increase the DF signal to useful levels, the required increase in the illumination level is impractical due to source availability or wafer damage risk.
Currently, defect inspection based on phase detection using the spatial fringe technique is susceptible to system noise, has higher costs for image processing, and is limited by the sampling of the fringe. For example, systems and methods that can be used for defect inspection based on phase information are illustrated in International Publication Nos. WO 2004/025379 by Thomas et al., WO 2004/025567 by Dal et al., and WO 2004/025568 by Voelki, which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. As described in these publications, a reference image is compared to an image of a target to detect defects on the target. The reference image can be an image reflected from a reference beam mirror or an image generated from a different position on the target than the target image. Therefore, these systems and methods will be particularly susceptible to noise such as that caused by system vibration and variations in focus at the different positions on the target. In addition, as described in these publications, relatively complex image processing techniques are used to reduce the non-defective aberrations between the images being compared. The image processing techniques not only increase cost and reduce throughput, but more importantly may undesirably alter the image data such that defects, and particularly defects of relatively small size, are detected with less accuracy.
Accordingly, it may be advantageous to develop a system that is configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen by increasing the contrast between the output corresponding to the defects and output corresponding to non-defective portions of the specimen using an interference contrast enhancement technique thereby increasing the accuracy of the system for detecting defects, and particularly relatively small defects, while reducing the susceptibility of the system to noise, eliminating the need for time consuming and expensive image processing, and providing flexibility in the system for detecting multiple types of defects.
The following description of various system embodiments is not to be construed in any way as limiting the subject matter of the appended claims.
One embodiment relates to a system configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen. The system includes an optical subsystem configured to create interference between a test beam and a reference beam. The test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the specimen. The system also includes a detector configured to generate output representative of the interference between the test and reference beams. The interference increases contrast between the output corresponding to the defects and output corresponding to non-defective portions of the specimen. In this manner, the above-described system can be used for inspection and/or defect review of the specimen based on interference contrast using a “self-generated” reference beam.
The above-described system may also, therefore, be used for interference contrast enhancement. In some such embodiments, the system may be configured for “axial” differential interference contrast (DIC), in which the reference beam is used as a “low resolution copy” of the test beam. For example, in one embodiment, the reference beam and the test beam are reflected from the same measurement spot on the specimen. In one such embodiment, the reference beam has a lower resolution than the test beam. In another embodiment, the reference beam and the test beam have different imaging pupil profiles. In a preferred embodiment, the reference beam is oriented such that the phase of the reference beam is substantially parallel to the phase of a portion of the test beam reflected from the defects. For example, in some embodiments, the system is configured to adjust the reference beam such that the reference beam can be oriented to be in-phase with a portion of the test beam reflected from the defects to increase the contrast.
In some embodiments in which the system can be used for axial DIC, the optical subsystem includes a group of two wedge prisms. In one such embodiment, the system is configured to move a first of the two wedge prisms with respect to a second of the two wedge prisms to alter relative phase between the reference and test beams. In different embodiments, the optical subsystem includes a mirror. In such embodiments, the system is configured to alter a position of the mirror to alter relative phase between the reference and test beams. In additional embodiments, the optical subsystem includes one or more optical components configured to alter the relative amplitude ratio and phase between the reference and test beams.
In another embodiment in which the system can be used for axial DIC, the optical subsystem is configured to direct the test and reference beams collinearly along an optical path. In one such embodiment, the test and reference beams have different polarizations.
In embodiments different than those described above, the system may be used for interference contrast enhancement, but the reference beam and the test beam may be laterally spaced from each other in the optical path of the optical subsystem. In this manner, the system may be configured for “lateral” DIC. In some such embodiments, the reference beam and the test beam have substantially the same resolution, but portions of the test and reference beams that interfere with each other are reflected from neighboring, substantially identical structures on the specimen. For example, in one embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured to laterally shift the reference beam with respect to the test beam. In another embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured such that portions of the reference beam and the test beam that interfere with each other are reflected from substantially identical patterns spaced from each other on the specimen. The reference beam and the test beam may have polarizations that are orthogonal to each other.
In an additional embodiment in which the system can be used for lateral DIC, the optical subsystem includes a wedge element that includes a concave element and a convex element. In such an embodiment, the system is configured to move one or more of the concave and convex elements with respect to each other to create lateral shift between the test beam and the reference beam. In one such embodiment, the wedge element is formed of a birefringent material. In a further embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured such that the test and reference beams are imaged with different pupil apertures. For example, the test beam can be imaged in bright field (BF) mode, and the reference beam can be imaged in dark field (DF) mode. In another example, the test beam can be imaged in DF mode, and the reference beam can be imaged in BF mode.
In some embodiments in which the system can be used for lateral DIC, the optical subsystem is configured to alter the relative amplitude and phase between the reference beam and the test beam substantially continuously. In additional embodiments, the defects for which the interference increases the contrast of the output corresponding to the defects include different types of defects.
As described above, the system may be configured for axial DIC or lateral DIC. However, the system may also be configured to perform both axial DIC and lateral DIC. Axial DIC and lateral DIC may be performed substantially simultaneously or sequentially. For example, in another embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured to create interference between the test beam and an additional reference beam. The reference beam has a lower resolution than the test beam, and the additional reference beam and the test beam are laterally shifted from each other.
The system embodiments described above may also be configured for interference contrast (e.g., axial DIC and/or lateral DIC) and another mode of inspection. For example, in another embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured to generate an additional test beam reflected from the specimen. In such an embodiment, the system may include an additional detector that is configured to generate BF output representative of the additional test beam. In one such embodiment, the output and the BF output are generated simultaneously. In a further embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured to collect an additional test beam scattered from the specimen. In such an embodiment, the system also includes an additional detector that is configured to generate DF output representative of the additional test beam. The output and the DF output may be generated substantially simultaneously.
In any of the above-described embodiments of the system configured for axial DIC, lateral DIC, another inspection mode, or some combination thereof, the system may be configured for inspection of the specimen. The specimen may be a wafer or a reticle. In other embodiments, the system is configured for review of the defects on the specimen. The specimen may be a wafer or reticle. Each of the embodiments of the system configured for interference contrast described above may be further configured as described herein.
In embodiments different than all of those described above, a system that may be used for inspection and/or defect review of a specimen based on interference contrast using a self-generated reference beam is configured for relative phase measurement using spatial fringe techniques, instead of interference contrast enhancement as described above. For example, an additional embodiment relates to a system that is configured to generate phase information about defects on a specimen. The system includes an optical subsystem configured to combine a test beam and a reference beam to create an interference beam. The test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the specimen. The reference beam has a lower resolution than the test beam and is laterally shifted from the test beam in the pupil space of the optical subsystem to create spatial fringes at an image plane of the optical subsystem. The system also includes a detector configured to generate output representative of the spatial fringes at the image plane. The output can be used to determine the phase information about the defects. The system described above may be further configured as described herein.
In embodiments different than all of those described above, a system that may be used for inspection and/or defect review of a specimen based on interference contrast using a self-generated reference beam is configured for relative phase measurement using phase-shifting techniques. For example, another embodiment relates to a system that is configured to generate phase information about defects on a specimen. This system includes an optical subsystem configured to combine a test beam and a reference beam to create an interference beam. The test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the specimen. The optical subsystem is also configured to alter phase of the reference beam to create different interference beams.
The system also includes a detector that is configured to generate output representative of the different interference beams. The output can be used to determine the phase information about the defects. The optical subsystem is also configured to scan the different interference beams over different segments of the detector. The different segments extend across a portion of one dimension of the detector.
In one embodiment of the above-described system configured for relative phase measurement using phase-shifting techniques, the one dimension of the detector includes a width of the detector. In a different embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured to alter the phase of the reference beam to create the different interference beams for different swaths on the specimen, and the one dimension of the detector includes a height of the detector. In any of these embodiments, the detector may include a time delay integration detector. Alternatively, the detector may include a charge coupled device detector.
In another embodiment of the system configured for relative phase measurement using phase-shifting techniques, the optical subsystem is configured to scan the different interference beams over the different segments of the detector sequentially. In an alternative embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured to scan the different interference beams over the different segments of the detector substantially simultaneously. In one such embodiment, the optical subsystem includes a staged phase wedge. Different stages of the staged phase wedge are configured to alter the phase of the reference beam to different degrees substantially simultaneously.
In a different such embodiment, the optical subsystem includes an optical component that is configured to separate the reference beam into multiple reference beams, and the optical subsystem is configured to alter the phase of the multiple reference beams such that each of the multiple reference beams has a different phase. The optical subsystem is also configured to combine the test beam and the multiple reference beams to create the different interference beams. In one such embodiment, the optical component includes a grating. In a different embodiment, the optical component includes a polarizing component disposed between two birefringent plates. In yet another embodiment, the optical component includes a polarizing component disposed between a grating and a birefringent plate. Each of the embodiments of the system configured for relative phase measurement using phase-shifting techniques described above may be further configured as described herein.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 includes defect images obtained using various types of imaging methods;
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic diagram of a side view of an embodiment of a system that is configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen;
FIGS. 3-4 are schematic diagrams illustrating examples of different defect signals and how a reference beam having different phases affects the different defect signals;
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic diagram of a side view of one embodiment of an optical subsystem that may be included in a system that is configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen;
FIGS. 6-7 are schematic diagrams of a side view of an embodiment of a group of two wedge prisms having different positions with respect to each other;
FIGS. 8-9 are partial schematic diagrams of a side view of different embodiments of an optical subsystem that may be included in a system configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen;
FIGS. 10-11 are schematic diagrams of a side view of one embodiment of a wedge element that includes a concave element and a convex element, which have different positions with respect to each other;
FIGS. 12-13 are partial schematic diagrams of a side view of various embodiments of a system configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen;
FIG. 14 is a partial schematic diagram of a side view of one embodiment of an optical subsystem that may be included in a system that is configured to generate phase information about defects on a specimen;
FIGS. 15-17 are schematic diagrams illustrating various embodiments of different segments of a detector and how different interference beams may be scanned over the different segments by an optical subsystem described herein;
FIGS. 18-19 are schematic diagrams of a side view of different embodiments of a staged phase wedge that may be included in an optical subsystem described herein; and
FIGS. 20-21 are partial schematic diagrams of a side view of different embodiments of an optical component that is configured to separate a reference beam into multiple reference beams.
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
As used herein, the term “defect” generally refers to any abnormality that may be formed on or within any specimen described herein.
As used herein, the term “specimen” generally refers to a wafer or a reticle (or “mask”). As used herein, the term “wafer” generally refers to substrates formed of a semiconductor or non-semiconductor material. Examples of such a semiconductor or non-semiconductor material include, but are not limited to, monocrystalline silicon, gallium arsenide, and indium phosphide. Such substrates may be commonly found and/or processed in semiconductor fabrication facilities. A wafer may include one or more layers formed upon a substrate. For example, such layers may include, but are not limited to, a resist, a dielectric material, and a conductive material. Many different types of such layers are known in the art, and the term wafer as used herein is intended to encompass a wafer including all types of such layers.
One or more layers formed on a wafer may be patterned or unpatterned. For example, a wafer may include a plurality of dies, each having repeatable patterned features. Formation and processing of such layers of material may ultimately result in completed semiconductor devices. As such, a wafer may include a substrate on which not all layers of a complete semiconductor device have been formed or a substrate on which all layers of a complete semiconductor device have been formed.
The wafer may further include at least a portion of an integrated circuit, a thin-film head die, a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device, flat panel displays, magnetic heads, magnetic and optical storage media, other components that may include photonics and optoelectronic devices such as lasers, waveguides and other passive components processed on wafers, print heads, and bio-chip devices processed on wafers.
As used herein, the term “reticle” or “mask” is generally defined as a transparent substrate such as glass, borosilicate glass, and fused silica having opaque structures formed thereon. The opaque structures may be replaced by regions etched into the transparent substrate. Many different types of reticles are known in the art, and the term reticle as used herein is intended to encompass all types of reticles.
Turning now to the drawings, it is noted that the figures are not drawn to scale. In particular, the scale of some of the elements of the figures is greatly exaggerated to emphasize characteristics of the elements. It is also noted that the figures are not drawn to the same scale. Elements shown in more than one figure that may be similarly configured have been indicated using the same reference numerals.
In general, the systems described herein are configured to perform defect inspection and/or review using interference contrast with a “self-generated” reference beam. Some of the systems are configured to perform an interference contrast enhancement technique. In particular, the systems described herein, unlike systems currently used for defect detection, may use a cross term to increase, and even optimize, the raw signal level and defect contrast. As described further herein, embodiments of the system configured to perform an interference contrast enhancement technique may be configured for “axial” differential interference contrast (DIC) using a self-generated reference beam or “lateral” DIC using a self-generated reference beam. As also described further herein, instead of being configured to perform an interference contrast enhancement technique, embodiments of the system may be configured to perform a relative phase measurement using either spatial fringe techniques or phase shifting techniques.
To illustrate the deficiencies in currently used inspection systems, FIG. 1 illustrates images generated using other types of defect inspection systems. In particular, FIG. 1 illustrates images generated by bright field (BF) and dark field (DF) systems for void defect 10 located in a stack of materials that includes conductor 12, silicon dioxide (SiO2) 14 formed on top of the conductor, and air 16 on top of the SiO2. Void defect 10 has approximate dimensions of 50 nm×50 nm×40 nm.
The images shown in FIG. 1 illustrate that the BF and DF imaging techniques are inadequate for detecting the relatively small void defect. In particular, BF image 18 was obtained for the void defect using a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.9 and a pixel size of 50 nm. As shown in FIG. 1, BF image 18 has sufficient raw signal, but the contrast is not sufficient for defect detection. In particular, the contrast of the BF image is about 2.6%. DF image 20 was obtained for the same void defect. The contrast of the DF image was about 100%, but the raw signal is insufficient for defect detection. To increase the raw signal, the same DF imaging technique was performed for the defect but with an illumination intensity that was 900 times higher than that used to generate DF image 20. DF image 22 was obtained with the higher intensity illumination and a pixel size of 50 nm. This DF image has relatively good contrast, but still not enough signal for defect detection. In addition, using such high intensity illumination may be impractical for most defect inspection and/or review systems.
In general, the systems described herein are configured to enhance defect signals such as those illustrated in FIG. 1 through interference contrast using a “self-generated” beam as a reference. This self-generated reference beam may be generated by splitting part of the signal or test beam reflected from the specimen. In this manner, the reference beam is created or “self-generated” from the test beam. The self-referencing beam may then be recombined with the test beam as described herein to create interference contrast. In this manner, the system embodiments described herein may be used for inspection and/or defect review based on interference contrast using a self-generated reference beam. In particular, the system is configured for inspection of a specimen according to one embodiment, and the specimen may be a wafer or a reticle. In another embodiment, the system is configured for review of defects on a specimen, and the specimen may be a wafer or a reticle.
As described above, the systems embodiments may be configured for interference contrast enhancement. In one such embodiment, a system configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen includes an optical subsystem configured to create interference between a test beam and a reference beam. The test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the specimen. The system also includes a detector configured to generate output representative of the interference between the test and reference beams. The interference increases contrast between the output corresponding to the defects and output corresponding to non-defective portions of the specimen. Such a system may be further configured as described and illustrated herein.
In one embodiment of a system configured for interference contrast enhancement, the system is configured for “axial” DIC in which the reference beam is a “low resolution copy” of the test beam. For example, FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a system that is configured to generate output corresponding to defects (not shown) on a specimen. This system is configured for axial DIC, in which the self-generated reference beam is used as a low resolution copy of the test beam. In particular, as shown in FIG. 2, light 24 reflected from specimen 26 is collected by lens 28. Although lens 28 is shown in FIG. 2 to be a refractive optical component, it is to be understood that a reflective collector may be used in place of refractive lens 28. In another alternative, lens 28 may be replaced by a combination of refractive and reflective components. In addition, although lens 28 is shown as a single lens, it is to be understood that lens 28 may be a compound lens or may be replaced by multiple lenses.
Light collected by lens 28 is split into reference beam 30 and test beam 32. Therefore, both the reference beam and the test beam have been reflected from the specimen. In one embodiment, the reference beam and the test beam are reflected from the same measurement spot (not shown) on the specimen (i.e., as light 24 before it is split into the reference and test beams). In one such embodiment, the reference beam has a lower resolution than the test beam. The light may be split into the reference and test beams using any appropriate optical component known in the art such as a beam splitter (not shown in FIG. 2). As shown in FIG. 2, the test and reference beams travel along split paths (i.e., non-coaxial paths).
The system shown in FIG. 2 includes an optical subsystem that is configured to create interference between test beam 32 and reference beam 30. For instance, one or more optical components (not shown in FIG. 2) such as those described further herein may be disposed along the path of the reference and/or test beams. In one embodiment, the optical subsystem includes an optical component (not shown in FIG. 2) that is configured to alter the relative phase between the reference beam and the test beam. Therefore, recombination of the test and reference beams will cause interference between the reference and test beams. In some embodiments, the optical subsystem includes optical component 34, which is configured to alter the relative amplitude ratio of reference beam 30 and test beam 32. In addition, the optical subsystem may include more than one such amplitude-altering optical components. The amplitude-altering component(s) may include, for example, one or more filters, one or more polarizing components, etc. The amplitude of the reference beam may be altered depending on, for example, the amplitude of the non-defective portions of the test beam as described further herein.
The test and reference beams may be recombined using any suitable optical component known in the art such as an appropriately positioned beam splitter (not shown in FIG. 2). Recombined beam 36 may be focused by lens 38 onto detector 40 of the system. Lens 38 may be configured as described above with respect to lens 28. Detector 40 is configured to generate output representative of the interference between the test and reference beams. The interference preferably increases contrast between the output corresponding to the defects and output corresponding to non-defective portions (not shown) of the specimen. Detector 40 may include any appropriate detector known in the art such as a charge coupled device (CCD) or a time delay integration (TDI) detector. The optical subsystem may be configured to scan the recombined beam or “interference beam” over the detector as described further herein.
The system shown in FIG. 2 may include a number of additional components that are not shown in FIG. 2. For example, the optical subsystem may include a light source for illuminating the measurement spot on the specimen. The light source may be coupled to one or more optical components that are configured to direct the light onto the specimen at an appropriate angle of incidence (e.g., normal incidence). The light source may be any appropriate light source known in the art. In addition, the light source may be configured to generate light having any appropriate characteristics (e.g., wavelength, intensity, polarization, coherence, etc.) known in the art.
The system may also include a processor or computer system. The processor or computer system may be configured to detect defects on the specimen using the output generated by detector 40. In this manner, the system shown in FIG. 2 may be configured for inspection of the specimen. The processor or computer system may also or alternatively be configured to perform review of the defects on the specimen using the output generated by detector 40. In this manner, the system shown in FIG. 2 may be configured for review of the defects on the specimen. In addition, the processor or computer system may be configured to perform any other defect-related function(s) known in the art. The processor or computer system may include any appropriate processor or computer system known in the art. The system shown in FIG. 2 may be further configured as described herein.
One way to maximize the benefits of the systems described herein is to adjust the reference beam so that the phase of the reference beam is substantially parallel to the phase of the defect signal and has an intensity that enhances the defect contrast and balances the overall signal range. For example, the phase of the reference beam may be oriented at about 0 degrees with respect to the phase of the defect signal to produce constructive interference between the reference beam and the defect signal. Alternatively, the phase of the reference beam may be oriented at about 180 degrees with respect to the phase of the defect signal to produce destructive interference between the reference beam and the defect signal. FIG. 3 illustrates one example of a reference signal that is not in-phase with a defect signal. The reference signal has an amplitude, Aref, of 1, and the amplitude of the defect signal, Asignal, is 0.3. When these reference and defect signals are combined as described above, the resulting intensity measured by the detector or sensor may be determined according to the following equation:
ICCD=|Asignaleiφsignal+Arefeiφref|2=Asignal2+Aref2+2AsignalAref cos(φsignal−φref)
Therefore, for these out-of-phase signals, the intensity detected by the detector, Isensor, will be equal to 12+0.32=1.09.
In contrast, FIG. 4 illustrates one example of a reference signal that is in-phase with a defect signal. In this example, the amplitudes of the defect signal and the reference signal are the same as those described above (e.g., Aref=1, Asignal=0.3). However, in this case, Isensor is (1+0.3)2=1.69. Therefore, the intensity detected for interference between a reference beam that is in-phase with a portion of the test beam reflected from a defect is higher than that for interference caused by a reference beam that is out-of-phase with the defect portion of the test beam.
Accordingly, to translate “defect perturbation” into an observable intensity difference on the detector through interference contrast enhancement, the orientation of the phase of the reference signal is preferably substantially parallel to the phase of the defect perturbation to maximize the detectable signal. In one embodiment, the reference beam is oriented such that the phase of the reference beam is substantially parallel to the phase of a portion of the test beam reflected from the defects. In addition, for defects having substantially small amplitude perturbations, it is particularly desirable to have the capability to adjust the relative phase and amplitude of the reference beam. For example, in some embodiments, the system is configured to adjust the reference beam such that the reference beam can be oriented to be in-phase with a portion of the test beam reflected from the defects to increase the contrast. The system may be configured to adjust the reference beam in this manner according to any of the embodiments described herein. In this manner, the defect contrast can be optimized for any kind of defect and any kind of specimen structures.
FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of an optical subsystem that may be included in a system that is configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen. This embodiment of the optical subsystem may be included in a system configured for interference contrast enhancement using axial DIC in which the reference beam is a low resolution copy of the test beam. As shown in FIG. 5, light 42 reflected from a specimen (not shown in FIG. 5) is collected by lens 44. Lens 44 may be configured as described above. For example, lens 44 may be an objective lens. Light collected by lens 44 is split by optical component 46 into reference beam 48 and test beam 50. In this manner, the reference beam is self-generated from the test beam reflected from the specimen. Optical component 46 may include any suitable optical component known in the art such as a beam splitter. As shown in FIG. 5, therefore, the test and reference beams travel along split paths (i.e., non-coaxial paths).
In some embodiments, the optical subsystem includes mirror A and optical component B. Reference beam 48 is directed by mirror A to optical component B. Mirror A may be a simple folding mirror. However, in one embodiment, the system is configured to alter a position of the mirror to alter relative phase between the reference and test beams. The system may include any suitable mechanical component(s) (not shown) that can be coupled to mirror A and that can be controlled (e.g., by a processor (not shown) such as that described above) to alter a position of the mirror. In a different embodiment, optical component B includes a group of two wedge prisms (not shown in FIG. 5). In one embodiment, therefore, the optical subsystem includes a group of two wedge prisms. In one such embodiment, the system is configured to move a first of the two wedge prisms with respect to a second of the two wedge prisms to alter relative phase between the reference and test beams.
FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of group 52 that includes wedge prisms 54 and 56. Wedge prisms 54 and 56 may be formed of any suitable material known in the art and may have any suitable configuration known in the art. As shown in FIG. 7, the system may be configured to move or slide wedge prism 54, wedge prism 56, or both of the wedge prisms in the direction indicated by arrow 58. In one such embodiment, the system may include any suitable mechanical component(s) (not shown) that can be coupled to one or both of the wedge prisms and that can be controlled as described above to alter a position of one or both of the wedge prisms. By controlling the relative phase of the reference beam by moving one or both of wedge prisms 54 and 56, the optical path difference of the reference beam may be altered on the order of waves. Preferably, mirror A or optical component B is configured to orient the reference beam to be in-phase with a portion of the test beam reflected from the defects to maximize the interference contrast enhancement of the defect signal as described above.
In some embodiments, the system may be configured to alter a position of the phase-altering component (e.g., mirror A or wedge prisms of optical component B) substantially continuously thereby altering the phase of the reference beam substantially continuously. In an additional embodiment, the optical subsystem shown in FIG. 5 includes one or more optical components (such as optical component 34 shown in FIG. 2) that are configured to alter the relative amplitude ratio between the reference and test beams. In some embodiments, the one or more amplitude-altering optical components may be configured to alter the relative amplitude ratio between the reference and test beams substantially continuously. For example, the amplitude-altering optical component(s) may include one or more polarizing components that can be controlled to alter the relative amplitude ratio between the reference and test beams substantially continuously. The amplitude-altering component(s) may be controlled by the system or the subsystem in any manner known in the art. In this manner, the optical subsystem may be configured to alter the relative amplitude and phase between the reference and test beams substantially continuously.
As described above, interference contrast enhancement of the defect signal is maximized when the reference beam and the test beam are in-phase. Therefore, continuously adjusting the relative phase between the reference and test beams increases the likelihood that the reference beam and the test beam are in-phase at some point during the measurement. As such, the system may preferably be configured to have continuous adjustability of the relative amplitude and phase between the reference and test beams for defect signal optimization. Such continuous adjustment of the relative amplitude and phase between the reference and test beams may be particularly advantageous when different types of defects are present on the specimen, each of which may alter the phase of the illumination to a different degree. Therefore, the systems described herein may be configured such that the relative phase and amplitude between the reference and test beams can be adjusted to optimize the signal of any defect of interest (DOI). In one embodiment, therefore, the defects for which the interference increases the contrast include different types of defects. In this manner, the defect output that can be enhanced by interference contrast as described herein may include different types of defects, and the system can be configured to detect and/or review different types of defects using defect output having the best possible contrast and amplitude.
Referring back to FIG. 5, the optical subsystem may be configured such that the reference beam and the test beam have substantially equivalent reduced optical lengths. For example, test beam 50 is reflected by mirror 60, which directs the test beam to optical component 62. Optical component 62 may include a group of two wedge elements (not shown in FIG. 5) that is substantially equivalent to that of optical component B. However, unlike mirror A and optical component B, mirror 60 and optical component 62 may not be configured to alter the phase of the test beam. For instance, the position of mirror 60 may be static or substantially constant. In addition, the positions of the wedge elements of optical component 62 may also be static. In this manner, aberrations in the recombined beams due to differences in the optical path can be eliminated.
As shown in FIG. 5, the optical subsystem includes optical component 64, which is configured to recombine the reference beam and the test beam thereby creating interference between the test beam and the reference beam. In one embodiment, optical component 64 is an appropriately positioned 45° beam splitter. The recombined beam or “interference beam” is directed through lens 66. Lens 66 may be configured as described above. Lens 66 is configured to direct the interference beam to a detector (not shown in FIG. 5). The detector is configured to generate output representative of the interference between the test and reference beams. The detector may be further configured as described herein.
The self-referencing beams described herein can be constructed in several ways to improve the defect contrast relative to the nominal pattern with interference contrast enhancement. The specific mechanism selected may vary depending on the patterned structure being inspected. One embodiment of an appropriate reference beam is a low resolution copy of the specimen signal or test beam. A reference beam that is a low resolution copy of the test beam may be substantially similar to a plane wave. In other words, the self-generated reference beam may be an aperture-down copy of the specimen signal or test beam to simulate a plane reference beam.
Such a reference beam can be used in the optical subsystem shown in FIG. 5. In particular, the reference beam and the test beam are reflected from the same measurement spot on the specimen as shown in FIG. 5, and the reference beam may have a lower resolution than the test beam. One advantage of such a reference beam is that interference of the reference beam with the test beam will minimize the DC portion of the test beam thereby allowing better management of the signal dynamic range for increasing the defect contrast. The optical subsystem shown in FIG. 5 may be further configured as described herein. For example, the optical subsystem shown in FIG. 5 may be included in a system configured as an inspection and/or a review system.
In another embodiment, the reference beam is reflected from the same measurement spot in a field on the specimen as the test beam, but the polarization of the reference beam is rotated (with e.g. half-wave plate) so it may have a different polarization than the test beam (e.g., for cross-polarization). In this manner, the system may be configured for inspection and/or review using cross-polarization. Such a reference beam may be particularly suitable for detecting a defect signature that is characteristic of a specific defect such that different types of defects may be distinguished from one another.
In the optical subsystem described above and other embodiments described herein, at least one self-generated reference beam is split from the test beam into a separate path, and the reference and test beams are recombined to generate interference. In different embodiments, the optical subsystem is configured to direct the test and reference beams collinearly or co-axially along an optical path. In some such embodiments, the test and reference beams have different polarizations and are made to interfere using a properly set analyzer. For example, the reference beam and the test beam may have polarizations that are orthogonal to each other. In this manner, the reference beam can propagate in the same optical path as the test beam, and the polarization signal of the reference beam can be used to differentiate it from the test beam. Since two beams with orthogonal polarizations will not interfere with each other, an optical element such as an analyzer (e.g., such as analyzer 90 shown in FIG. 8) may be used to alter the polarization of the reference beam or the test beam such that the reference and test beams have common polarizations prior to being recombined and will interfere with each other upon recombination.
FIG. 8 illustrates another embodiment of an optical subsystem that can be included in a system that is configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen. This embodiment of the optical subsystem may be included in a system configured for interference contrast enhancement using axial DIC in which the reference beam is a low resolution copy of the test beam. In this embodiment, the reference and test beams are directed along collinear optical paths. In particular, as shown in FIG. 8, illumination 68 is generated by a light source (not shown), which may be configured as described above. Illumination 68 includes ring illumination 70 or “edge contrast” illumination that is used for the reference beam. The edge contrast illumination may be used for a low resolution reference beam. However, any other suitable type of illumination may be used for the reference beam. Illumination 68 also includes illumination 72 located within the ring illumination. Illumination 72 provides illumination for the test beam.
Illumination 68 is directed through polarizer 74. Polarizer 74 may be configured to alter the polarization of both ring illumination 70 and illumination 72. Alternatively, polarizer 74 may be configured to alter the polarization of ring illumination 70 or illumination 72. Polarizer 74 may include any suitable polarizer known in the art. Light from polarizer 74 is directed by folding mirror 76 through beam splitter 78 and objective lens 80 and onto specimen 82. Folding mirror 76, beam splitter 78, and objective 80 may be configured as described herein and may include any suitable optical components known in the art. Ring illumination 70 used for the reference beam and illumination 70 used for the test beam are directed to the same measurement spot on the specimen.
Light reflected from the specimen is collected by objective lens 80 and is reflected by beam splitter 78 to optical component 84 located at the pupil of the optical subsystem. Therefore, the reference beam and the test beam are reflected from the same measurement spot on the specimen. As described above, the ring illumination provides illumination for the reference beam, and illumination located within the ring illumination provides illumination for the test beam. Therefore, in this embodiment, the reference beam and the test beam have different imaging pupil profiles. As shown in the cross-section of optical component 84, the optical component includes polarizer 86 and retarder 88. Polarizer 86 is configured to alter the polarization of the test beam. One example of the altered test beam polarization is shown below the cross-section of optical component 84. Polarizer 86 may include any suitable polarizer known in the art. Retarder 88 is configured to alter the polarization of the reference beam, and one example of the altered reference beam polarization is also shown below the cross-section of optical component 84. In some embodiments, the retarder may be a variable phase retarder such that the retarder alters the relative phase of the reference beam. One example of a suitable retarder is a birefringent crystal.
After the test and reference beams pass through optical component 84, the beams are directed to analyzer 90. Analyzer 90 may be configured to alter the attenuation ratio between the test beam and the reference beam. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the analyzer may adjust the polarization of the reference beam to polarization 92, which is orthogonal to polarization 94 of the test beam or full numerical aperture (NA) signal exiting the analyzer. Analyzer 90 may include any suitable analyzer known in the art.
The test beam and the reference beam exiting analyzer 90 are directed by objective lens 96 to image plane 98. Objective lens 96 may be configured as described herein and may include any suitable optical component(s) known in the art. As shown in FIG. 8, the reference beam and the test beam are recombined at the image plane thereby causing interference between the reference beam and the test beam. A detector (not shown) may be located at the image plane. The detector may be configured as described above. In particular, the detector is configured to generate output representative of the interference between the test beam and the reference beam. As described further above, the interference increases the contrast between the output corresponding to the defects and the output corresponding to non-defective portions of the specimen. Therefore, the optical subsystem shown in FIG. 8 is configured for interference contrast enhancement of the defect output with common path construction between the test and reference beam paths.
The optical subsystem shown in FIG. 8 may be further configured as described herein. For example, the reference beam may be oriented such that the phase of the reference beam is substantially parallel to the phase of a portion of the test beam reflected from the defects. In particular, retarder 88 may be configured to orient the reference beam to be in-phase with the test beam. In addition, a system that includes the optical subsystem of FIG. 8 may be further configured as described herein.
As described above, systems configured for interference contrast enhancement may be configured to perform axial DIC. Alternatively, a system configured for interference contrast enhancement may be configured to perform lateral DIC. In one such embodiment, the self-generated reference beam may be a replicated copy of the signal (i.e., the reference beam may have substantially the same resolution as the test beam) reflected from neighboring or adjacent patterns on the specimen. The neighboring or adjacent patterns include structures that are by design identical to those illuminated by the test beam for cell-to-cell type comparisons. The cells may include array cells that include a repeating pattern of features. In this manner, in some embodiments, the reference beam and the test beam have substantially the same resolution but portions of the reference and test beams that interfere with each other are reflected from neighboring, substantially identical structures on the specimen. The neighboring structures may be identical by design, but the process(es) used to fabricate the structures on the specimen may render the neighboring structures not exactly identical. However, the neighboring structures formed on the specimen may be substantially identical.
In one such embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured to laterally shift the reference beam with respect to the test beam. In these embodiments, the reference and test beams may be reflected from the same measurement spot on the specimen, and the reference beam may be laterally shifted from the test beam after the test and reference beams have been reflected from the specimen and the reference beam has been self-generated from the test beam. In another embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured such that the portions of the reference beam and the test beam that interfere with each other are reflected from substantially identical patterns spaced apart from each other on the specimen. In this manner, the reference beam may be shifted such that output from structures in the reference beam will overlap at the image plane with output from corresponding structures in the test beam. Therefore, the systems described herein may be configured to perform DIC or Nomarski type imaging. The lateral shift between the test beam and the reference beam may be less than one micron or on the order of nanometers. One embodiment of an optical subsystem that may be included in a system configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen and that may use such a reference beam is illustrated in FIG. 9. Therefore, the optical subsystem shown in FIG. 9 may be included in a system configured for interference contrast enhancement by performing lateral DIC, in which the reference beam is a replicated copy of the test beam.
As shown in FIG. 9, light 100 reflected from a specimen (not shown) is collected by lens 102. Lens 102 may be configured as described above. For example, lens 102 may be an objective lens. The test beam portion of the reflected light is directed from the objective lens through beam splitter 104. Test beam 106 that passes through beam splitter 104 is directed by folding mirror 108 to optical component 110 located at the pupil of the optical subsystem. In some embodiments, if a second reference beam is not generated as described further herein, beam splitter 104 and folding mirror 108 may be eliminated from the optical subsystem. Beam splitter 104 and folding mirror 108 may be further configured as described herein and may include any suitable optical components known in the art.
Optical component 110 is configured to generate a laterally shifted reference beam (not shown) from test beam 106. In this manner, the laterally shifted reference beam is self-generated from the test beam. In addition, unlike the low resolution copy reference beams described herein, this laterally shifted reference beam will have about the same resolution as the test beam. The laterally shifted reference beam may also have about the same intensity as the test beam. In one embodiment, optical component 110 includes a wedge element. In some embodiments, the wedge element is formed of a birefringent material. In this manner, the test beam and the reference beam generated by optical component 110 may have orthogonal polarizations. In one embodiment, therefore, the reference beam and the test beam have polarizations that are orthogonal to each other. The wedge element includes a concave element and a convex element.
One embodiment of such a wedge element is illustrated in FIG. 10. As shown in FIG. 10, wedge element 112 includes convex element 114 and concave element 116. Convex element 114 and concave element 116 may include any suitable optical components known in the art. In one such embodiment, the system is configured to move one or more of the concave and convex elements with respect to each other to create lateral shift between the test beam and the reference beam. For instance, the system may include one or more mechanical components that are coupled to one or both of elements 114 and 116. The system may also include one or more additional components coupled to the mechanical component(s) that are configured to control the mechanical component(s). In this manner, the system may move one or both of the concave and convex elements with respect to one another.
The separation in the field between the reference beam and the test beam depends on the overall wedge angle of the wedge element. In this manner, by moving the concave element relative to the convex element or vice versa to change the overall wedge angle of wedge element 112, the system can control the lateral separation in the field between the reference and test beams. Preferably, the lateral separation in the field is such that output from corresponding structures in the test beam and the reference beam overlap in the image plane. In this manner, the lateral separation in the field may be varied depending on the arrangement of the patterned structures on the specimen.
As further shown in FIG. 9, after lateral separation of the reference and test beams, the laterally separated beams are directed by beam splitter 118 to objective lens 120. Beam splitter 118 and objective lens 120 may be further configured as described herein and may include any suitable optical components known in the art. Beam splitter 118 may be replaced with another suitable optical component such as a folding mirror or may not be included in the optical subsystem if a second reference beam is not generated by the optical subsystem as further described herein. The laterally separated beams are focused by the objective lens to an image plane of a detector (not shown). The detector may be configured as described herein. For example, the detector is configured to generate output representative of the interference between the test beam and the laterally shifted reference beam.
The interference between the test beam and the laterally shifted reference beam preferably increases contrast between the output corresponding to defects on the specimen and output corresponding to non-defective portions of the specimen. In particular, the laterally shifted, self-generated reference beam may be used for interference contrast enhancement of the defect output by minimizing the output from the structures on the specimen. In other words, the output from the structures in the laterally shifted, self-generated reference beam preferably produce deconstructive interference with the non-defective portions of the test beam to cancel non-defect output such as that from patterned structures on the specimen.
In some embodiments, the optical subsystems described herein such as that illustrated in FIG. 9 may use a combination of a low resolution reference beam and a laterally shifted reference beam. In this manner, the optical subsystem may be included in a system configured for interference contrast enhancement using both axial DIC and lateral DIC. In this configuration, the laterally shifted reference beam can be used to minimize the output corresponding to the nominal specimen pattern (including output from the structures on the specimen and background) as described above, and the low resolution reference beam can be used to increase the defect signal. As described above, the laterally shifted reference beam will have about the same resolution and intensity as the test beam. However, the intensity of the low resolution reference beam may vary depending on, for example, the DC portion of the test signal in order to maximize the defect signal and minimize the DC of the test signal. Therefore, the intensity of the low resolution reference beam may be higher than that of the replicated copy reference beam.
In particular, as shown in FIG. 9, light collected by lens 102 can be split by beam splitter 104 into reference beam 122 and test beam 106. Reference beam 122 is the low resolution reference beam that can be used to increase the defect signal. In addition, as described above, optical component 110 can be configured to generate a laterally shifted reference beam from test beam 106. Therefore, the laterally shifted reference beam can be used to minimize the nominal specimen pattern. In this manner, both the low resolution copy reference beam and the laterally shifted reference beam are self-generated from the test beam. In addition, both the low resolution copy reference beam and the laterally shifted reference beam are reflected from the same measurement spot on the specimen as the test beam.
As further shown in FIG. 9, reference beam 122 is directed by mirror A to optical component B. Mirror A and optical component B may be configured as described with respect to FIG. 5. In particular, the system may be configured to alter a position of the mirror to alter the relative phase between the reference and test beams. Alternatively, optical component B includes a group of two wedge prisms, and the system may be configured to move a first of the two wedge prisms with respect to a second of the two wedge prisms to alter the relative phase between the reference and test beams. In addition, as described above, the optical path length for reference beam 122 and test beam 106 may be substantially the same to avoid aberrations in the recombined beams due to differences in the optical paths.
In a different embodiment of the subsystem of FIG. 9, reference beam 122 may be used as the laterally shifted reference beam. This embodiment of the subsystem may, therefore, be included in a system configured for interference contrast enhancement using lateral DIC. In one such embodiment, test beam 106 may be shifted laterally with respect to reference beam 122 by folding mirror 108. The lateral shift of the test beam may be controlled by controlling a position of the folding mirror (e.g., by tilting the folding mirror). The position of the folding mirror may be altered and controlled as described further herein. In such an embodiment, the optical subsystem may not include optical components 110 and B. Alternatively, the test beam may be laterally shifted with respect to reference beam 122 using a wedge element such as that illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11. In such an embodiment, the wedge element may be formed of an isotropic material. In some embodiments in which reference beam 122 is used as the laterally shifted reference beam, the reference beam can be generated from the test beam by splitting the test beam into two different beams that propagate along different optical paths and that have orthogonal polarizations. In one such embodiment, beam splitter 104 may be a polarization beam splitter. In additional embodiments, when reference beam 122 is used as the laterally shifted reference beam, the phase of reference beam 122 may also be controlled (or equalized) as described above to increase the defect output of the test beam.
In one embodiment of the optical subsystem shown in FIG. 9, therefore, interference contrast enhancement of the defect output may be obtained using a self-generated reference beam that is substantially the same as the test beam but laterally shifted for DIC or cell-to-cell comparisons and that propagates either along the same optical path (co-axially or collinearly) or is separated from the test beam along a portion of the optical path of the test beam.
Since the test and reference beams may travel across different optical paths after being split from each other and before being recombined, the test and reference beams may be imaged with different pupil apertures (not shown). For instance, in one embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured such that the test and reference beams are imaged with different pupil apertures. The different pupil apertures may include any suitable pupil apertures known in the art. In one embodiment, the test beam can be imaged in BF mode, and the reference beam can be imaged in DF mode using a pupil aperture different than that used for the test beam. In a different embodiment, the test beam can be imaged in DF mode, and the reference beam can be imaged in BF mode using a pupil aperture different than that used for the test beam. The optical subsystem shown in FIG. 9 and a system that includes the optical subsystem shown in FIG. 9 may be further configured as described herein.
As described above, a system configured for interference contrast enhancement may be configured for axial DIC or lateral DIC. However, as described above with respect to FIG. 9, a system configured for interference contrast enhancement may also be configured for axial and lateral DIC. In addition, various configurations described above may be combined into a system such that the system can be used to perform both axial and lateral DIC. In such embodiments, the system may be configured to use two reference beams to generate 3-beam interference. In one such embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured to create interference between the test beam and a reference beam and between the test beam and an additional reference beam. The reference beam has a lower resolution than the test beam, and the additional reference beam and the test beam are laterally shifted from each other. In this manner, the reference beam may be used for axial DIC while the additional reference beam may be used for lateral DIC. In addition, a system configured to perform both axial and lateral DIC may be configured such that only axial DIC may be performed for a specimen, only lateral DIC may be performed for the specimen, or both axial and lateral DIC may be performed for the specimen. For example, the optical subsystem shown in FIG. 9 may include one or more optical components (not shown) such as a shutter that can be controlled (e.g., by the system) to block one of the reference beams depending on the specimen being inspected. In another example, the system may be configured to control one or more of the components of the optical subsystems described herein to control which type of DIC is used for inspection of a specimen (e.g., the system may be configured to control the position of mirror A of the subsystem shown in FIG. 9 such that reference beam 122 is directed out of the optical path of the subsystem if, for instance, only lateral DIC is to be performed for a specimen). Such a system may be further configured as described herein.
As described above, a system configured for interference contrast enhancement may be configured to perform axial and/or lateral DIC. Any of such systems may also be configured to perform inspection and/or review using an additional optical mode. In some embodiments, therefore, the systems described herein may be configured to perform defect detection and/or review with multiple optical modes. One embodiment of an optical subsystem that can be included in a system that can be used in interference contrast enhancement and BF modes for defect detection and/or review is illustrated in FIG. 12. In another embodiment, an optical subsystem that can be included in a system that can be used in interference contrast enhancement and DF modes for defect detection and/or review is illustrated in FIG. 13. In addition, each of these embodiments may be configured to perform multiple optical modes for defect inspection and/or review simultaneously (e.g., interference contrast enhancement simultaneously with BF or DF) or sequentially. Furthermore, the optical subsystems described herein may be configured for defect inspection and/or review using versatile and selectable mechanisms such as BF, DF, or interference contrast with minimal configuration change. In one such example, the DF detector shown in FIG. 13 and described further below may be added to the optical subsystem of FIG. 12 without substantial changes to the optical subsystem. In this manner, the optical subsystem can be included in a system that can perform defect inspection and/or review in BF mode, DF mode, interference contrast mode, or some combination thereof.
As shown in FIG. 12, illumination 124 generated by a light source (not shown) is directed to optical component 126, which may be a 50/50 beam splitter. Illumination 124 reflected by optical component 126 is focused by objective lens 128 to a specimen (not shown). Light reflected from the specimen passes through objective lens 128, optical component 126, and lens 130 to optical component 132. Objective lens 128 and lens 130 may be configured as described herein and may include any suitable optical components known in the art. Optical component 132 is a beam splitter in this embodiment. In particular, optical component 132 is configured to split the light reflected from the specimen into reference beam 134 and test beam 136. In this manner, reference beam 134 and test beam 136 may be reflected from the same measurement spot on the specimen. In addition, reference beam 134 is self-generated from test beam 136 and may be a low resolution copy reference beam that can be configured as described above. As such, reference beam 134 may be used by a system that includes such an optical subsystem to perform interference contrast enhancement by axial DIC.
Test beam 136 generated by optical component 132 passes through optical component 138. Optical component 138 may be configured to generate a laterally shifted reference beam (not shown) from the test beam. For instance, optical component 138 may be a wedge element such as that shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. In this manner, the test beam and the laterally shifted reference beam may be reflected from the same measurement spot on the specimen. Alternatively, optical component 138 may not be configured to generate the laterally shifted reference beam. In addition, optical component 138 may not be configured to alter the phase of the test beam. Light from optical component 138 is directed to folding mirror 140.
In one embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured to generate an additional test beam reflected from the specimen. For example, folding mirror 140 includes an aperture (not shown) in this embodiment. In this manner, folding mirror 140 is configured to generate additional test beam 142 by allowing a portion of test beam 136 to be transmitted through the folding mirror. In one such embodiment, the system includes an additional detector that is configured to generate BF output representative of the additional test beam. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, additional test beam 142 is directed to detector 144, which is configured to generate BF output representative of the additional test beam. Detector 144 may include any appropriate detector known in the art. The portion of the test beam reflected by folding mirror 140 is directed to beam splitter 146, which may include any suitable optical component known in the art.
Reference beam 134 is directed to mirror A and optical component B, both of which may be configured as described above. After passing through optical component B, the reference beam is directed to beam splitter 146. Beam splitter 146 combines the reference beam and the portion of the test beam reflected by folding mirror 140 to create interference between the test beam and the reference beam. The resulting interference beam is directed to lens 148, which focuses the interference beam to an image plane of a detector (not shown). Lens 148 may be configured as described herein and may include any suitable optical component(s) known in the art. The detector may be configured as described above. In particular, the detector is configured to generate output representative of the interference between the test and reference beams. The interference preferably increases the contrast between the output corresponding to defects on the specimen and output corresponding to non-defective portions of the specimen. In an additional embodiment, the output representative of the interference between the test and reference beams and the BF output are generated simultaneously. The embodiment of the optical subsystem shown in FIG. 12 may be further configured as described herein, and a system that includes such an optical subsystem may be further configured as described herein.
As described above, the systems described herein may be configured to perform DF defect inspection. One embodiment of a system that is configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen is shown in FIG. 13. This system has the same general configuration as the system shown in FIG. 2 except that the system of FIG. 13 is configured to perform defect inspection and/or review using more than one optical mode. Elements that are shown in FIGS. 2 and 13 and that may be similarly configured have been indicated with the same reference numerals. These elements will not be further described herein.
As shown in FIG. 13, the optical subsystem includes light source 150. Light source 150 may be configured as described herein. Light generated by light source 150 is directed to beam splitter 152. Beam splitter 152 is configured to direct the light to specimen 26 at a substantially normal angle of incidence. Light 24 reflected from specimen 26 passes through beam splitter 152 and is collected by lens 28. Light 24 may be used for interference contrast enhancement defect detection and/or review as described further herein. In one embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured to collect an additional test beam scattered from the specimen. For example, the optical subsystem shown in FIG. 13 is configured to collect additional test beam 154 scattered from specimen 26. In one such example, the optical subsystem may include lens 156 that is arranged to collect light scattered from the specimen. Lens 156 may include any suitable optical component(s) known in the art. In one such embodiment, the system includes an additional detector that is configured to generate DF output representative of the additional test beam. For example, the system shown in FIG. 13 includes additional detector 158 that is configured to generate DF output representative of the additional test beam. In an additional embodiment, the output representative of the interference between the test and reference beams and the DF output are generated simultaneously.
Although only one DF collector and one DF detector (i.e., one DF channel) are shown in FIG. 13, it is to be understood that the system shown in FIG. 13 may include multiple DF channels. The DF channels may be arranged at any and different angles with respect to the specimen. In addition, although the system shown in FIG. 13 is configured to use the same light source for multiple optical modes, it is to be understood that the system may include multiple light sources, each of which is used for a different optical mode.
As shown by comparison of FIGS. 2 and 13, modification of the system shown in FIG. 2 to include DF detection and/or review capability did not result in changes to the interference contrast enhancement portion of the optical subsystem. Other embodiments of the systems described herein may also be modified in a similar manner to include DF detection capability. The embodiment of the optical subsystem shown in FIG. 13 may be further configured as described herein, and a system that includes such an optical subsystem may be further configured as described herein.
The systems described herein provide several advantages over currently used systems for defect inspection and/or review. In particular, the systems described herein are configured for detection and/or review of relatively small defects with reduction of background, improvement in the overall dynamic range, enhancement of the defect output through interference, or some combination thereof. Therefore, the systems described herein are capable of the detection and/or review of substantially small defects for current and future generations of semiconductor fabrication processes and overcome the limitations of current inspection and/or review systems in terms of weak defect output strength or lack of optimization mechanisms. In addition, the optical subsystems described herein are compatible with current inspection and/or review hardware and can be added to the hardware as an additional inspection and/or review mode. As such, the systems described herein can be used to greatly improve the defect detection and/or review capability of currently available inspection and/or review systems with minimal additional cost. Furthermore, the systems may be configured to have continuous adjustability of the characteristics of the reference beam for optimization of DOI detection and/or review. The systems described herein may also be configured to perform defect inspection and/or review using more than one optical mode simultaneously. For example, the systems may be configured to perform some combination of interference contrast enhancement, BF, and DF defect detection and/or review simultaneously.
In summary, all of the embodiments described above of a system configured for interference contrast enhancement may be configured such that the relative amplitudes between the reference and test beams may be adjusted. In addition, all of the embodiments described above of a system configured for interference contrast enhancement may be configured such that the relative phases between the reference and test beams may be adjusted. As described further above, some of the embodiments of a system configured for interference contrast enhancement may be configured to translate the reference beam relative to the test beam. In addition, as described further above, some of the embodiments of a system configured for interference contrast enhancement may be configured to generate a low resolution copy of the test beam that is used as the reference beam. Furthermore, as described further above, some of the embodiments of a system configured for interference contrast enhancement may be configured to translate a reference beam relative to the test beam and to generate a low resolution copy of the test beam that is used as a reference beam.
A system configured for interference contrast enhancement may have a number of different configurations as described above. For example, the optical subsystem of the system may include a concave/convex birefringent lens group. Alternatively, the optical subsystem may include a concave/convex lens group formed of normal glass or a non-birefringent material. In another example, the optical subsystem may include two wedge prisms formed of normal glass or birefringent material. In an additional example, the optical subsystem may include a waveplate with adjustable phase retardance. In yet another example, the optical subsystem may include an aperture with polarization dependent transmission.
As described above, systems configured to perform inspection and/or review based on interference contrast using a self-generated reference beam may be configured for interference contrast enhancement. Alternatively, systems configured to perform inspection and/or review based on interference contrast using a self-generated reference beam may be configured to perform relative phase measurements. For example, the systems described further herein may be used for defect inspection and/or review based on relative complex field information of the specimen being inspected. In particular, the complex field information may be obtained from interference of a test beam with a self-generated reference beam. The self-generated reference beam may include any of those described herein such as a low resolution reference beam or a tilted reference beam. In addition, the systems described further herein may be used for phase detection in relatively high speed specimen inspection using spatial fringe techniques or a phase-shifting technique. The systems that are configured for phase defect detection and/or review preferably include a detector (e.g., a TDI detector or a CCD detector) such that the phase information about defects on the specimen may be obtained as described further herein. Furthermore, all of the systems configured to perform relative phase measurements described further herein may also be configured to perform inspection and/or defect review using an additional optical mode such as BF and/or DF. The systems described further herein that are configured to perform relative phase measurements may be configured to perform inspection and/or review using an additional optical mode such as BF and/or DF as described further above.
In some embodiments, a system configured for relative phase measurements may be configured to perform the relative phase measurements using spatial fringe techniques. For example, one embodiment of a system that is configured to generate phase information about defects on a specimen includes an optical subsystem configured to combine a test beam and a reference beam to create an interference beam. The test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the specimen. The reference beam has a lower resolution than the test beam and is laterally shifted from the test beam in the pupil space of the optical subsystem to create spatial fringes at an image plane of the optical subsystem. The system also includes a detector configured to generate output representative of the spatial fringes at the image plane. The output can be used to determine the phase information about the defects. The system described above may be further configured as described herein.
In this manner, a system configured as described above may be configured for spatial fringe imaging with a self-generated reference beam. In particular, spatial fringe imaging may be used for complex field extraction using the low resolution (DC) image as the interference reference. A high frequency interference pattern may be generated with a tilted plane wave. This interference pattern may be used as a “ruler,” which will be perturbed by a specimen complex field. In this manner, the specimen complex field information can be obtained by determining the perturbation from the straight line of the ruler. The embodiments described herein may extract the complex field information from this interference pattern using any suitable technique known in the art. One example of a suitable technique is described in “Spatial carrier heterodyne techniques for precision interferometry and profilometry: An overview.”, M. Takeda, Proc. SPIE Vol. 1121, pp. 73-88 (1989), which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
The systems described herein are particularly advantageous over interference contrast enhancement techniques for detecting relatively low intensity defects and/or high aspect ratio defects since such defects may not exhibit large changes in amplitude compared to a reference, but may exhibit large changes in phase compared to the reference. Therefore, such systems can detect relatively low intensity defects and/or relatively high aspect ratio defects with higher sensitivity by using the complex field information (i.e., amplitude and phase information) acquired by such systems instead of just intensity or amplitude information. The complex field information can be used with any defect detection method(s) and/or algorithm(s) known in the art to detect any type(s) of defects on the specimen.
Also, the systems described herein are advantageous over other commercially available inspection tools such as the Fathom™ patterned-wafer defect inspection tool, which is commercially available from nLine Corporation, Austin, Tex., and which uses Direct-to-Digital™ Holography (DDH) technology performed with an external-generated reference beam. For instance, as described further herein, the self-generated reference beams used in the embodiments described herein eliminate drifting or relative movement (vibration) between the reference and test beams.
One embodiment of an optical subsystem that may be included in such a system embodiment is shown in FIG. 14. The optical subsystem is configured to combine a test beam and a reference beam to create an interference beam. As shown in FIG. 14, light 204 reflected from a specimen (not shown in FIG. 14) is collected by lens 206. Lens 206 may be configured as described above. For example, lens 206 may be an objective lens. Light collected by lens 206 is split by optical component 208 into reference beam 210 and test beam 212. In this manner, the reference beam is self-generated from the test beam reflected from the specimen. As such, the test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the specimen. In addition, the test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the same measurement spot on the specimen. The reference beam has a lower resolution than the test beam. Optical component 208 may include any suitable optical component known in the art such as a beam splitter.
In some embodiments, the optical subsystem includes optical component B and mirror A. Reference beam 210 is directed through optical component B to mirror A. Optical component B and mirror A may be configured as described above. For example, optical component B may include a group of two wedge prisms (not shown in FIG. 14), which may be configured as described above. As further described above, the system may be configured to move a first of the two wedge prisms with respect to a second of the two wedge prisms to alter relative phase between the reference and test beams. In addition, mirror A may be a simple folding mirror. However, as described further above, the system may be configured to alter a position of the mirror to alter relative phase between the reference and test beams. The system may include any suitable mechanical component(s) (not shown) that can be coupled to mirror A and that can be controlled (e.g., by a processor (not shown) such as that described above) to alter a position of the mirror.
As described above, reference beam 210 has a lower resolution than test beam 212. In this embodiment, the reference beam is also laterally shifted from the test beam in the pupil space of the optical subsystem to create spatial fringes at an image plane of the optical subsystem. For example, as shown in FIG. 14, reference beam 210 reflected by optical component 208 is directed to a module (not shown) that generates a low spatial frequency reference beam which is offset in the pupil of the optical subsystem. A resulting low spatial frequency reference beam 214 is also shown in cross-sectional view 216 in FIG. 14. The low spatial frequency reference module may be configured to offset the reference beam in the pupil of the optical subsystem to create high frequency interference fringes in the interference beam produced by combining the reference beam and the test beam. For instance, the low spatial frequency reference module may be configured to shift the reference beam in the pupil plane of the optical subsystem such that the reference beam comes in to the image plane of the optical subsystem as a tilted plane wave, which will produce spatial fringes in the combined interference beam. The optical elements in this module may be configured in such ways that the reduced optical length is substantially the same as the test beam. The low spatial frequency reference module may have any suitable configuration known in the art.
The optical subsystem shown in FIG. 14 may be configured such that the reference beam and the test beam have equivalent reduced optical paths. For example, test beam 212 is reflected by mirror 218, which directs the test beam to optical component 220. Optical component 220 may include a group of two wedge elements (not shown in FIG. 14) that is equivalent to that of optical component B. However, unlike mirror A and optical component B, mirror 218 and optical component 220 may not be configured to alter the phase of the test beam. For instance, the position of mirror 218 may be static or substantially constant. In addition, the positions of the wedge elements of optical component 220 may also be static or substantially constant. In this manner, aberrations in the recombined beam due to differences in the optical paths can be eliminated.
As shown in FIG. 14, the optical subsystem includes optical component 222, which is configured to recombine the reference beam and the test beam thereby creating interference beam 223. In one embodiment, optical component 222 is an appropriately positioned 45° beam splitter. The recombined beam or “interference beam” is directed through lens 224. Lens 224 may be configured as described above. Lens 224 is configured to direct the interference beam to an image plane (not shown in FIG. 14) of the optical subsystem. As described above, the reference beam has a lower resolution than the test beam and is laterally shifted from the test beam in the pupil space of the optical subsystem to create spatial fringes at the image plane. The system also includes a detector (not shown in FIG. 14) that is configured to generate output representative of the spatial fringes at the image plane. The output can be used to determine the phase information about the defects. For example, a processor (not shown in FIG. 14) such as that described above may be configured to use the output and any suitable method(s) and/or algorithm(s) to determine the phase information. The processor may also be configured to use the phase information and any suitable method(s) and/or algorithm(s) known in the art to detect any type(s) of defects on the specimen. The optical subsystem shown in FIG. 14 may be further configured as described herein. For example, the optical subsystem shown in FIG. 14 may be included in a system configured as an inspection and/or a review system. In addition, a system that includes an optical subsystem configured as shown in FIG. 14 may be further configured as described herein.
As described above, a system configured for relative phase measurements may be configured to perform the relative phase measurements using spatial fringe techniques. Alternatively, a system configured for relative phase measurements may be configured to perform the relative phase measurements using phase-shifting techniques and either a TDI detector or a CCD detector. In one embodiment, therefore, a system configured to generate phase information about defects on a specimen obtains the complex field information through interference measured using a phase-shifting technique and a TDI detector or a CCD detector. For example, the system includes an optical subsystem that is configured to combine a test beam and a reference beam to create an interference beam. The test beam and the reference beam are reflected from the specimen. The optical subsystem is also configured to alter the phase of the reference beam to create different interference beams. The optical subsystem may be further configured as shown and described herein.
The system also includes a detector that is configured to generate output representative of the different interference beams. In one embodiment, the detector includes a TDI detector. In other embodiments, the detector includes a CCD detector. The output can be used to determine the phase information about the defects. The optical subsystem is configured to scan the different interference beams over different segments of the detector. The different segments extend across a portion of one dimension of the detector. For example, the optical subsystem may be configured to apply different phase shifts to each one fourth of the integration stage of the detector. In addition, the optical subsystems shown and described further herein may be configured to scan the different interference beams over the different segments of the detector according to any of the embodiments described further herein.
In one embodiment, the one dimension of the detector includes a width of the detector. One embodiment of a scanning technique that can be used to scan the different interference beams over different segments that extend across a portion of the width of the detector is illustrated in FIG. 15. As shown in FIG. 15, the detector includes four segments S1, S2, S3, and S4, each of which extend across only a portion of width 160 of the detector. For example, each of the segments may extend across only one fourth of the width of the integration stage of the detector. Each of segments S1, S2, S3, and S4 extends across entire height 162 of the detector. In addition, the specimen field may include four different columns corresponding to the segments of the detector.
During scanning of the detector with an interference beam generated by combining a test beam with a reference beam having a first phase (e.g., 0° phase), the optical subsystem scans the interference beam corresponding to only portion A of the specimen over segment S1 of the detector in the direction shown by arrow 164. After scanning this interference beam over segment S1, the illumination of the specimen by the optical subsystem may be reduced (e.g., by a shutter (not shown)), and the charge on the detector may be dumped. The optical subsystem then alters the phase of the reference beam (e.g., to 90° phase) to create a different interference beam. The optical subsystem may alter the phase of the reference beam as described herein. For this phase of the reference beam, the optical subsystem scans the interference beam corresponding to portions A and B of the specimen over segments S1 and S2 of the detector.
The optical subsystem may be configured to repeat this process for other different phases of the reference beam. For example, the phase of the reference beam may be altered to 180° phase, and an interference beam corresponding to portions A, B, and C of the specimen may be scanned over segments S1, S2, and S3 of the detector. In addition, the phase of the reference beam may be altered to 270° phase, and an interference beam corresponding to portions A, B, C, and D of the specimen may be scanned over segments S1, S2, S3, and S4 of the detector. In this manner, the system may be configured such that different phase shift is applied to different segments of the integration stage of the detector. In addition, the optical subsystem is configured to scan the different interference beams over the different segments of the detector sequentially.
In a different embodiment of the system configured to perform relative phase measurements using phase-shifting techniques described above, the optical subsystem is configured to alter the phase of the reference beam to create different interference beams for different swaths on the specimen. The different swaths may include only a portion of a field on the specimen. In one such embodiment, the one dimension of the detector includes a height of the detector.
One embodiment of a scanning technique that can be used to scan the different interference beams over different segments that extend across a portion of the height of the detector is illustrated in FIG. 16. As shown in FIG. 16, the detector includes four segments S1, S2, S3, and S4, each of which extend across only a portion of height 162 of the detector. In this manner, each of the four segments may have a height that is about one fourth the height of the detector. Each of segments S1, S2, S3, and S4 extends across the entire width 160 of the detector. In addition, the specimen field may include four different swaths A, B, C, and D corresponding to the segments of the detector.
During scanning of the detector with an interference beam generated with a reference beam having a first phase (e.g., 0° phase), the optical subsystem scans the interference beam corresponding to only swath A of the specimen over segment S1 of the detector in the direction shown by arrow 166. After scanning the interference beam corresponding to swath A over segment S1 of the detector, the optical subsystem changes the phase of the reference beam (e.g., from 0° phase to 90° phase) to create a different interference beam for swaths A and B. The optical subsystem may change the phase of the reference beam as described further herein. The optical subsystem then scans this interference beam over segments S1 and S2. The optical subsystem may then change the phase of the reference beam (e.g., from 90° phase to 180° phase) to create another different interference beam for swaths A, B, and C. The optical subsystem scans this interference beam over segments S1, S2, and S3. The optical subsystem may again change the phase of the reference beam (e.g., from 180° phase to 270° phase) to create an additional different interference beam for swaths A, B, C, and D. The optical subsystem scans this interference beam over segments S1, S2, S3, and S4 of the detector.
In this manner, the optical subsystem is configured to scan the different interference beams over the different segments of the detector sequentially. In between each of the scans, the optical subsystem may reduce the illumination of the specimen, for example, by disposing a shutter (not shown) in an optical path of the light. In addition, the charge on the detector may be dumped between each of the scans.
In a different embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured to scan the different interference beams over the different segments of the detector substantially simultaneously. For instance, the optical subsystem may be configured to apply a fixed phase shift profile to the reference beam during data acquisition. The fixed phase shift profile may be substantially perpendicular to the scanning direction. The optical subsystem may be configured to combine such a reference beam with a test beam as described further herein to create an interference beam. In this manner, the interference beam for different swaths on the specimen will be different. Each of the different interference beams from the different swaths may be scanned over different segments of the detector. For example, each of the different interference beams may be scanned across a segment of the detector having one fourth the total height of the integration stage of the detector.
One embodiment of such scanning different interference beams across different segments of a detector is illustrated in FIG. 17. As shown in FIG. 17, the detector may include four segments S1, S2, S3, and S4, each of which extend across a portion (e.g., about one fourth) of height 162 of the detector. Each of the four segments extends across the entire width 160 of the detector. The interference beams that are scanned across the different segments of the detector are generated by combining a test beam with a reference beam having different phases. For example, the interference beam resulting from combining the test beam with a reference beam having a phase shift of 0° is scanned across segment S1. The interference beam resulting from combining the test beam with a reference beam having a phase shift of 90° is scanned across segment S2. The interference beam resulting from combining the test beam with a reference beam having a phase shift of 180° is scanned across segment S3, and the interference beam resulting from combining the test beam with a reference beam having a phase shift of 270° is scanned across segment S4.
One embodiment of an optical component that may be included in the optical subsystems described herein to impart a different phase to different portions of a reference beam is illustrated in FIG. 18. In particular, according to one embodiment, the optical subsystem includes a staged phase wedge. Different stages of the staged phase wedge are configured to alter the phase of the reference beam to different degrees substantially simultaneously. For instance, as shown in FIG. 18, the staged phase wedge may include four stages 168, 170, 172, and 174. Each of the different stages may produce a phase shift in the reference beam that is different by about 90°. FIG. 19 illustrates another embodiment of a staged phase wedge in which the phase changes across the wedge in a continuous manner unlike the step changes in phase across the wedge of FIG. 18. In particular, width 176 of the staged phase wedge of FIG. 19 may vary across the length of the wedge in a linear manner. The staged phase wedges shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 may be positioned in the optical subsystem at the same location as other phase-shifting components described herein. For example, a staged phase wedge may be used in place of optical component B shown in FIG. 5.
In a different embodiment, the optical subsystems described herein include an optical component that is configured to separate the reference beam into multiple reference beams. In one such embodiment, the optical subsystem is configured to alter the phase of the multiple reference beams such that each of the multiple reference beams has a different phase. The optical subsystem is also configured to combine the test beam and the multiple reference beams to create the different interference beams. The optical subsystem may be further configured to scan the different interference beams over the different segments of the detector substantially simultaneously, as shown in FIG. 17. In this manner, the optical subsystem may be configured to replicate the field into four equivalents, each of which may correspond to one fourth of the total swath height.
One embodiment of an optical component that may be used to separate the reference beam into multiple reference beams is shown in FIG. 20. In this embodiment, the optical component includes grating 178 that is configured to replicate the field at the pupil of the optical subsystem. As shown in FIG. 20, the grating is configured to separate reference beam 180 into multiple reference beams 182. Although the grating is shown to split the reference beam into four different reference beams, it is to be understood that the number of beams into which the reference beam is split may vary depending on, for example, the number of segments of the detector. This optical component may be disposed at the imaging pupil of any of the optical subsystems described herein.
Another embodiment of an optical component that may be used to separate the reference beam into multiple reference beams is shown in FIG. 21. In this embodiment, the optical component includes polarizing component 184 disposed between two birefringent plates 186 and 188. Therefore, this optical component may be configured to replicate the field with two birefringent plates. In particular, reference beam 190 is split into two reference beams 192 and 194 by birefringent plate 186. Polarizing component 184 is configured to alter the polarization of reference beams 192 and 194 such that the two reference beams can be split by birefringent plate 188 into four reference beams 196, 198, 200, and 202. The optical component shown in FIG. 21 may be located in the optical path of the reference beam at the field conjugate of the optical subsystem.
In yet another embodiment, the optical component that is used to separate the reference beam into multiple reference beams may include a combination of the optical components shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. For example, one of the birefringent plates of the optical component shown in FIG. 21 may be replaced with the grating shown in FIG. 20. In one such embodiment, the optical component also includes a polarizing component (e.g., polarizing component 184) disposed between the grating and the birefringent plate. Unlike the grating of FIG. 20, however, the grating that is used in this embodiment may be configured to split a reference beam into only two reference beams since the birefringent plate is used to split a reference beam into two reference beams for a total of four different reference beams.
Although the various embodiments described above for using a phase-shifting technique for scanning a detector involve scanning different interference beams over four segments of the detector, it is to be understood that the integration stage may be separated into more than four segments or fewer than four segments (e.g., two segments, three segments, etc.). In addition, the optical subsystem and/or the system may be configured to scan the different interference beams over the different segments of the detector according to the embodiments described above in any manner known in the art (e.g., via relative motion between the detector and the specimen or via an optical deflector).
The systems described above that are configured for relative phase measurements provide several advantages over currently used inspection and/or review systems. For example, the system embodiments described herein enable the detection and/or review of defects based on the relative phase information. Such inspection and/or review capability particularly benefits the detection of defects that only generate relatively small amplitude perturbations. These types of defects are particularly problematic for current and future generations of semiconductor fabrication. Therefore, the systems described herein may provide important defect detection and/or review capability for semiconductor fabrication. In addition, the reference beams used by the systems described herein are self-generated from the test beam reflected from the specimen being inspected or reviewed. Such a configuration, compared to a configuration utilizing an external reference, is not susceptible to system noise such as noise caused by vibration and/or focus errors. The systems described herein also allow phase detection utilizing a detector while the specimen is continuously scanned thereby resulting in lower overall cost and system complexity. Such capability is also better suited for relatively high speed specimen inspection than other interference-based inspection systems. Furthermore, the systems described herein can be configured so that they are compatible with current inspection and/or review hardware and can be added to existing systems to provide an additional inspection and/or review mode.
As noted above, the systems described herein are much less susceptible to system noise such as noise from vibration and are capable of relatively high speed specimen inspection. Therefore, the systems described herein are particularly suitable for integration into a process tool. In one embodiment, a system described herein may be coupled to a process tool. For example, the system may be disposed within the process tool. In some such embodiments, the system may be integrated into the process tool such that a specimen may be inspected by the system prior to, during, or after a step of the process performed by the process tool. In other embodiments, the system may be coupled to the process tool by a common handler, a common power source, a common processor, or a common environment. For example, the system may be configured as a separate module or tool that is coupled to the process tool by a common handler.
In yet other embodiments, the system may be configured as a “stand alone tool” or a tool that is not physically coupled to a process tool. However, such a system may be coupled to the process tool by a transmission medium, which may include wired and wireless portions.
The process tool may include any process tool known in the art such as a lithography tool, an etch tool, a deposition tool, a polishing tool, a plating tool, a cleaning tool, or an ion implantation tool. The process tool may be a “cluster tool” or a number of process modules coupled by a common handler.
The results of the inspection and/or review performed by the systems described herein may be used to alter a parameter of a process or a process tool using a feedback control technique, a feedforward control technique, or an in situ control technique. The parameter of the process or the process tool may be altered manually or automatically in any manner known in the art.
Further modifications and alternative embodiments of various aspects of the invention may be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this description. For example, systems configured to generate output corresponding to defects on a specimen and systems configured to generate phase information about defects on a specimen are provided. Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the general manner of carrying out the invention. It is to be understood that the forms of the invention shown and described herein are to be taken as the presently preferred embodiments. Elements and materials may be substituted for those illustrated and described herein, parts and processes may be reversed, and certain features of the invention may be utilized independently, all as would be apparent to one skilled in the art after having the benefit of this description of the invention. Changes may be made in the elements described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the following claims.
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The Guys
Navigation Home Join the team Podcast The Guys Hire Us
Welcome to the Blog! or, A History of the Friend Dogs
August 16, 2018 by Friend Dog Studios
Hey Patrons! Ben here.
You are among the few, the proud, the *very first* viewers of our behind-the-scenes blog. This blog is set up only for you. Only you have the link, and indexing is turned off so it shouldn't show up even on search engines. It's just a special chat between us and you. So have a seat. Grab a beer. Take your socks off. I dunno. Just want you to be comfy.
This is a bit of a longer post. I'll provide a tl;dr at the bottom, but for anyone unfamiliar with our history, or who is interested in comedy writing and the like, I thought you might enjoy a little look into what got us here.
In January of 2015, following a string of popular improv shows we'd performed as a duo in Kansas City, Brian and I released the pilot episode of a web series based on alt-universe versions of ourselves. Our duo was called "Dog & Friend Dog," and so was the series. It was weird. We had fun showing it off at a couple of public screenings and said we'd make more eventually.
On set for our "pilot."
In September 2015, we officially launched Friend Dog Studios with our friend Seth Macchi. We made a little video about being roommates with God. We made the second episode of our web series. Our friends chuckled and our moms said good job.
One month into this project, we made a Trump video. Mind you, at this point, the man didn't even have the nomination, and most of us were still relatively sure we lived in a sane universe where he'd never come close. Our take on him was that if you just close your eyes and listen to him talk, it's indistinguishable from the drunken babble of your local neighborhood booze hound.
On an October morning, sitting on our front deck (we all lived together at the time), we shot a poorly white-balanced sequence of Brian lip-syncing Trump sound bites to Seth. If I remember correctly, I spent the latter part of the day editing it together and we launched it the following morning.
It exploded.
I think we spent the entire day excitedly watching the views and shares pile up. It was a decent success on youtube, but facebook is where it really thrived. Within a week or so I can't even tell you how many millions of views had accrued - especially when you factor in the copies that other pages decided to post without permission (lookin' at you, Occupy Democrats. Ya dicks.)
If you haven't experienced something like this, let me tell you, it's RIDICULOUS. We weren't some big company. Despite our name, we didn't have a studio to speak of. We had no staff, no nothing. And suddenly the three of us are fielding phone calls and doing interviews and sifting through piles of emails from people who, for better or for worse, saw something popular and wanted on board. Did you know there's an entire industry of companies that just find viral videos and manage the licensing rights for a fee? We sure as hell didn't. But we found out quick. Within hours of launch we were in a bidding war with two such companies. We had absolutely no idea if we were making the right call. It was all so exciting, but overwhelming. Intense.
Aggregator sites were running with it. We were getting mentioned in publications like The Atlantic. We made a development deal with another company as a direct result of this video. I can't go into detail but suffice it to say that series was never released and served as just one of several learning experiences in the wake of all this. Personally, I wasn't sure if this was the start of a new chapter or if we'd simply peaked early and that would be the end of it.
We kept on making content and posting it regularly. We set goals on Patreon that were ENTIRELY too low and over-promised out of a general lack of ever-having-done-this-before. We went from committing to a new video every two weeks, to a video per week, to a video AND a podcast per week. Mind you, none of us had cloned ourselves.
Thumbnail from one of our more modest hits, "Honest Preacher."
We made dozens more videos. Some of them become moderate hits, some fan favorites, some personal favorites. We continued to make episodes of the Drunk Trump series, which remained popular but never again hit as big as the original, which came as no surprise.
On set for one of my favorites, "The Fancy Butt."
Eventually, our promised release schedule and over-zealous Patreon perks became too much to handle, especially since we all had to work other jobs to pay the bills. We had to slow down, but we kept on creating, because we loved it, and we loved our fans, which were growing in number all the time.
After about a year of this, we made a video called 2016: The Movie (Trailer). To clear up any confusion, there is no movie. The fake trailer is the extent of the concept. The concept being a horror flick in which a personification of the year 2016 is the monster, running around killing off celebrities and causing political mayhem. It was a cute idea. As had happened several times before, we were lucky as hell and got an incredible crew on board to help despite our measly budget.
We had another explosion on our hands.
The success of this video dwarfed our first viral hit, which I'd become convinced we'd never even match again. I'll spare you the details except to say that this took over our lives for a solid four days after launch. We posted it, fittingly, shortly before the end of the year, and it ran wild into early January. I attribute a lot of the success of this piece to the stellar production quality provided by The Vetter Brothers and their team. Having been down this road before, it was a little easier this time to just sit back and enjoy the ride, not worrying so much about what it did or didn't mean for the future.
Production still from one of our musicals, The Ballad of Lefty & Crabbe
You might think this is the part where we put pedal to the metal and really doubled down on our online content creation. But the truth is, we were a little burned out. Plus, we had other professional opportunities we were eager to explore. Over the next year and a half, we weren't posting as much. We'd create something new every now and then, including some stuff I'm really quite proud of. But a large portion of our efforts during this time were dedicated to the creation and production of two original musical comedies, which is a whole other blog post.
Cut to this summer, 2018. Brian and I are living in Chicago. Seth is in Colorado, taking a hiatus from the entertainment world. We get the itch to start making for our online audience again. Consistently. Earnestly. Learning from experience, we paced ourselves. We adjusted our patreon perks and goals to be more manageable. We adopted a "season" approach, the idea being we make several episodes, take a break, and decide when to renew ourselves for the next one. And we're having a blast again.
All of this, ALL OF IT, is only possible because of you. We have been blown away at every step by the support and generosity of our fans and audience, ESPECIALLY our patrons. We're actors. Writers. Comedians. We're dudes who chose to dive into just about the most uncertain careers you can pick, and we did it because, well, speaking for myself, I never felt I really had a choice. I had to do this. I have to do this. It's the only thing that makes any sense to me. And even though, at times, it's hard as hell, having people like you chipping in so that I can be a part of making something for us all to enjoy, that's about enough to make me feel invincible.
Thank you. Thank you all.
Here's to our futures. Whatever they hold.
Ok, now I gotta get back to making this Alex Jones video.
tl;dr we made videos and now we're making videos again thank you
August 16, 2018 /Friend Dog Studios
Currently based in Chicago, IL
Email: dogandfrienddog@gmail.com
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'You Ask A Lot Of Stupid Questions': Trump Mocks Reporters At Epic Press Conference
President Trump was on fire on Friday during a short press conference on the White House lawn.
He mocked multiple fake news reporters, laughed at the fake news story the media ran with that Paul Joseph Watson's short clip of Jim Acosta was "doctored," talked about the corruption of Broward County officials and more!
It's almost hard to believe someone so based is our president!
FULL TRANSCRIPT via WH.GOV:
THE PRESIDENT: So we’re heading off to Europe. It should be a very beautiful period of time — the 100th anniversary of the ending of World War I. We have many countries; the leadership of many countries will be there, especially since they heard the United States will be there. And we look forward to that. It’ll be a great, really, commemorative service. I think it’s going to be something very special. I’ve seen what they have planned, and I think it’s going to be something very, very special.
I just signed the proclamation on asylum. Very important. People can come in, but they have to come in through the ports of entry. And that, to me, is a very important thing. Again, I reiterate we needs Democrats’ votes. They have to pass new immigration laws, because they’re flooding our country. We’re not letting them in, but they’re trying to flood our country. We need the wall; we’re building the wall. But we need it all built at one time, and quickly. It’s very important.
We need Democrat support on new immigration laws to bring us up to date. The laws are obsolete and they’re incompetent. They are the worst laws any country has anywhere in the world. And it’s only because we don’t have the Democrats’ votes. So we need Democrat vote so we can change immigration, and we’ll have no trouble whatsoever at the border. We want people to come into our country, but they have to come into our country legally. They have to come into our country legally.
We want people to come in through the merit system so that they can work for all of these great companies that I have coming into our country. We have many car companies coming in. We have many tech companies coming in. We have literally hundreds of companies moving back into the United States. We need people. We need to have — you see the unemployment numbers are at record lows. We need people in our country, but they have to come in legally, and they have to have merit. They have to come in through a system of merit. We have everything worked out. We need some votes from the Democrats, or we need support from the Democrats, and hopefully they see what’s going on.
And the reason this is happening is we’ve created such a successful country, economically, that everybody is flooding into our country, or they want to. But we’re stopping them at the border. And that’s why we have our great military there.
Q Mr. President, what do you say to all the criticism of Matt Whitaker and the calls for him to recuse himself, given what he said about the Russian (inaudible)?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, Matt Whitaker — I don’t know Matt Whitaker. Matt Whitaker worked for Jeff Sessions, and he was always extremely highly thought of, and he still is. But I didn’t know Matt Whitaker. He worked for Attorney General Sessions. He was very, very highly thought of, and still is highly thought of. But this only comes up because anybody that works for me, they do a number on them.
But Matt Whitaker is a very smart man. He is a very respected man in the law enforcement community. Very respected; at the top of the line. And actually, the choice was greeted with raves, initially, and it still is in some circles. You know, it’s a shame that no matter who I put in, they go after them. It’s very sad, I have to say. But he’s Acting. I think he’ll do a very good job. And we’ll see what happens.
But I will say this: Matt Whitaker is a very highly respected man, and you didn’t have any problems with Matt Whitaker when he worked for Jeff Sessions. He’s respected by law enforcement. He’s a very strong law enforcement personality and person.
Q Mr. President, did you talk with Matt Whitaker at all about the Mueller probe before you appointed him?
THE PRESIDENT: I didn’t speak to Matt Whitaker about it. I don’t know Matt Whitaker. Matt Whitaker has a great reputation, and that’s what I wanted. I also wanted to do something which, frankly, I could have brought somebody very easily from the outside. I didn’t want to do that. When Sessions left, what I did, very simply, is take a man who worked for Sessions. Again, he worked for Jeff Sessions. He’s a highly respected man, especially by law enforcement. And I think he’s going to do a great job. He’s there in an acting position. He’s a — probably, from what I hear — a very strong person, a very strong personality. And I think that’s what they need.
Q Is Kellyanne’s husband’s wrong?
THE PRESIDENT: Who?
Q Kellyanne’s husband wrote that the appointment was unconstitutional.
THE PRESIDENT: You mean Mr. Kellyanne Conway?
Q He wrote that you’re unconstitutionally appointing him. He is wrong?
THE PRESIDENT: He’s just trying to get publicity for himself. Why don’t you do this: Why don’t you ask Kellyanne that question, all right? She might know him better than me. I really don’t know the guy.
Q Given Matt Whitaker’s public comments, (inaudible) —
THE PRESIDENT: Well, when you make a comment —
Q (Inaudible.)
THE PRESIDENT: First of all — let me speak, please. First of all, when you make comments, I see everybody on television — all these lawyers, all these law enforcement people making comment after comment. They never ask to get recused. They make comment. The fact that you go on Fox or CNN or MSNBC or anybody, and you make a comment, you’d have nobody left to choose. You would have absolutely nobody left.
I see different people, at different times, going on shows. Am I supposed to say, “Oh, now he’s never qualified to serve in government?” So, all the time I’m watching many different people go on many different shows, saying many different things. That doesn’t mean they’re unqualified.
Now, in all fairness to Matt Whitaker, who, again, I didn’t know — okay? — other than through reputation. His reputation is excellent. But in all fairness to him, he did some shows; so did many of the people that you’re talking about. So did everybody that — you’re talking about a permanent position. I think everybody looking at a permanent position, in any department, has done many shows. Does that mean we can’t hire anybody? We have to hire somebody that’s in a shell? I don’t think so.
Q Do you foresee a federal role in the Florida recount?
THE PRESIDENT: Say it again. You have to speak up.
Q I’m trying to. Do you foresee a federal role in the Florida recount, which you tweeted about last night?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, it could be. Because if you look at Broward — and Palm Beach, to a lesser extent — if you look at Broward County, they have had a horrible history. And if you look at the person — in this case, a woman — involved, she has had a horrible history. And all of a sudden, they’re finding votes out of nowhere.
And Rick Scott, who won by — you know, it was close, but he won by a comfortable margin — every couple of hours it goes down a little bit. And then you see the people, and they were involved with that fraud of the fake dossier, the phony dossier. And I guess I hear they were somehow involved or worked with the GPS Fusion people, who have committed — I mean, if you look at what they’ve done, you look at the dishonesty —
Look, look, there’s — bad things have gone on in Broward County. Really bad things. She’s been to court. She’s had a lot of problems. She’s lost. I say this: He easily won, but every hour it seems to be going down. I think that people have to look at it very, very cautiously.
Q You’re finishing up the written answers —
THE PRESIDENT: What?
Q You’re doing the written questions to Robert Mueller. Have you ruled out a sit-down, an in-person sit-down with Robert Mueller?
THE PRESIDENT: I haven’t ruled out anything. I haven’t even thought about it. I’m thinking about the world. Right now, I’m thinking about the world. I’m not thinking about sit-downs or not sit-downs. There was no collusion. It’s a whole hoax. This was a thing set up by the Democrats, just like they set up other things — when you look at what’s going on Florida; when you look at what’s going on in lots of different locations.
The Russian investigation is a hoax. It’s a phony hoax. I didn’t speak to Russians. The fact is, I was a much better candidate than Hillary Clinton. I worked much harder. I went to the right places. She went to the wrong places, because she didn’t know what the hell she was doing. I did a great job; I was a great candidate. She was a bad candidate.
I went to Wisconsin. I went more to Michigan. I went to Pennsylvania. She didn’t do a good job. This has nothing to do with Russians; it’s a Russian hoax.
Q What do you say to Michelle Obama who says she will never forgive you for your birther comments in the past?
THE PRESIDENT: Oh, Michelle Obama said that? I haven’t seen it. I guess she wrote a book. She got paid a lot of money to write a book. And they always insist that you come up with controversial.
Well, I’ll give you a little controversy back: I’ll never forgive him for what he did to our United States military by not funding it properly. It was depleted. Everything was old and tired. And I came in, and I had to fix it. And I’m in the process of spending tremendous amounts of money. So I’ll never forgive him for what he did to our military. I’ll never forgive him for what he did in many other ways, which I’ll talk to you about in the future.
But what he did — because she talked about safety — what he did to our military made this country very unsafe for you and you and you.
Q (Inaudible) and did you meet Chris Christie here, yesterday?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, we’re looking at other people. I did not see Chris Christie yesterday. I heard he was in the White House. He’s a friend of mine. He’s a good man. When he got out of the presidential race, as you know, the next day he supported me. He has good taste. So he proved one thing: He has good taste. But when he got out, he immediately supported me. I like Chris Christie, but I have not talked to him about it. He was in the White House yesterday, but I did not see him.
Q Mr. President, how long are you going to leave Jim Acosta in the penalty box?
THE PRESIDENT: I think Jim Acosta is a very unprofessional man. He does this with everybody. He gets paid to do that. You know, he gets paid to burst in. He’s a very unprofessional guy. Whether it was me or Ronald Reagan or anybody else, he would have done the same thing.
Look, I don’t think he’s a smart person, but he’s got a loud voice. And —
Q Is it permanent?
THE PRESIDENT: Wait, wait. David, do you mind if I answer the question?
Q Sure. Of course.
THE PRESIDENT: And as far as I’m concerned, I haven’t made that decision. But it could be others also. When you’re in the White House — this is a very sacred place to me. This is a very special place. You have to treat the White House with respect. You have to treat the presidency with respect. If you’ve ever seen him dealing with Sarah Huckabee Sanders, it’s a disgrace. And he does it for, you know, the reason.
The same thing with April Ryan. I watched her get up. I mean, you talk about somebody that’s a loser. She doesn’t know what the hell she’s doing. She gets publicity, and then she gets a pay raise or she gets a contract with, I think, CNN. But she’s very nasty, and she shouldn’t be. She shouldn’t be.
You’ve got to treat the White House and the Office of the Presidency with respect.
I see her nodding very positively, so I’ll ask her — you know.
THE PRESIDENT: You have to speak up, though. You have a helicopter raging back —
For all the people that don’t know why, my hearing is great, but you have a helicopter that’s raging back there.
Q I’ll help her out.
THE PRESIDENT: In fact, do you remember Ronald Reagan? He’d always, “What? What? I can’t hear you.” I never — I always thought he was hard of hearing; he wasn’t. That’s the problem.
Q She wants to know what’s going to happen when you meet with Putin.
THE PRESIDENT: Well, I’ll meet with Putin at the G20. I don’t know that we’re seeing each other in Paris, but there may be a lunch for the leaders. I don’t know. So I would say, nothing. We have a good relationship. Having a good relationship with Russia and China, and every other country, is a good thing, not a bad thing.
But we have a good — we have a very good relationship.
Q Are you going to fire Ryan Zinke?
THE PRESIDENT: No. I’m going to look into any complaints. David, if there are any complaints, I’ll look into it.
Q Your thoughts about the judge’s decision to delay the XL Pipeline?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, it was a political decision made by a judge. I think it’s a disgrace. It’s 48,000 jobs. I approved it; it’s ready to start. And they went — and I guess they’ll end up going to the Ninth Circuit, as usual. We’re slowly putting new judges in the Ninth Circuit. Everything goes to the Ninth Circuit. Everything.
Now, DACA, that was actually good news yesterday, because you never win in the Ninth Circuit if you’re on this half of the equation. When I say “half,” it could be half or more. But you never win; you rarely win in the Ninth Circuit. The good news is, by rejecting DACA in the Ninth Circuit yesterday, finally we’ve been waiting for that. We get to the Supreme Court, and we want to be in the Supreme Court on DACA.
President Obama said he had no right to sign it. He had no right, but it was upheld in the Ninth Circuit, as usual. If you take President Obama’s statement, he knew that he couldn’t sign it. So this whole thing, it’s a terrible thing what’s happening with the courts. The DACA will now hopefully go to the Supreme Court, where we’ll be given a fair decision.
Q U.N. Ambassador. Have you made a decision?
THE PRESIDENT: We’ll be making a decision. I have so many people who want it. We are looking at Heather. We’re looking at numerous people. We have plenty of time. Nikki is staying until the end of the year. We’re working with Nikki, also. We have some very good people that want that job.
I’ll make the decision over the next few weeks, but by the end of the year.
Q On the Attorney General, what’s your timeline to make a decision? And who are the frontrunners?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, I have some very, very good people. But, I mean, there’s no rush. You know, it has to go through a Senate process, which takes a long time. But we’ll pick somebody that’s great. We’re going to pick somebody that’s very good. And again, I think it’s very — Matt Whitaker is a highly respected man, but I didn’t know Matt Whitaker. But he’s a highly respected man.
Q Mr. President, you said the Senate process. Matt Whitaker has not gone through a Senate process.
THE PRESIDENT: Yeah, but neither has Mueller.
THE PRESIDENT: Excuse me. You talk about the Senate process. Mueller is doing a report. He hasn’t gone through the Senate process. You’re saying Whitaker hasn’t, but Whitaker has. Wait a minute. Because he was a really distinguished U.S. attorney in Iowa, and he was approved by everybody. Because to be U.S. attorney, that’s top of the line. He was a highly respected.
In fact, I’ll tell you, the Ambassador to China, as you know, Terry Branstad — who used to the be the governor of Iowa — he told me that what a great choice that is; that he is one of the most respected people in all of Iowa. And that was coming from Terry Branstad, who was the governor.
Look, Mueller — a big complaint people have — Mueller was not Senate confirmed. So he’s doing a report. He wasn’t Senate confirmed. Whitaker was Senate confirmed. Now, he doesn’t need this, but he was Senate confirmed at the highest level, when he was the U.S. attorney from Iowa. But Mueller was not Senate confirmed. Why didn’t they get him Senate confirmed? He should have been Senate confirmed. No — but because of all the conflicts, they didn’t want to bring him before the Senate because he’s very conflicted. So because of those conflicts, they didn’t want to bring him before the Senate.
But don’t tell me about Whitaker. Don’t tell me about Whitaker, because Mueller was not Senate confirmed, and Whitaker was, actually.
Q Mr. President, the Democrats keep picking up more seats in the House, now more than 31 seats. Can you still describe (inaudible)?
THE PRESIDENT: It doesn’t — whether they get a couple of more House seats, it doesn’t matter. It doesn’t matter. But you notice the votes never go the other way? They hire lawyers, and the votes don’t ever seem to go the Republican way — although I hear —
Q Do you have evidence of fraud?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, I don’t know, you tell me. It’s always the Democrats. It’s always GPS Fusion. It’s always crooked stuff.
Q But there’s no evidence that you have, is there?
THE PRESIDENT: Look — look at what happened. How many FBI are gone? How many Justice Department people are gone? That I found out — that I found out. There’s a lot of bad stuff going on in this country, and we’re finding out, and I’m getting to the bottom of it. And I’ve done a hell of a job. How many people have been fired from the FBI? You got Comey, you got McCabe, you got Strzok, you have Lisa Page, you have Baker. You have a whole list of people. There’s a lot of crooked stuff going on.
But it is interesting; it always seems to go the way of the Democrats. Now, in Arizona, all of a sudden, out of the wilderness, they find a lot of votes. And she’s — the other candidate is just winning by a hair. What’s going on in a Florida is a disgrace. Go down and see what happened over the last period of time — 10 years. Take a look at Broward. Take a look at the total dishonesty of what happened with respect to Broward County. Broward County — just (inaudible) — Broward County/election. There’s a lot of dishonesty.
Q Why did your Press Secretary share a doctored video of the incident in the East Room? Of the (inaudible).
THE PRESIDENT: The taped video of Acosta?
Q Yes, sir.
THE PRESIDENT: What are you talking about? All that was —
Q The video is manipulated.
THE PRESIDENT: Nobody manipulated it. Give me a break. See, that’s just dishonest reporting. All that is, is a close-up. See, that’s just — that is just dishonest reporting. I watched that; I heard that last night. They made it close up. They showed it up close up.
And he was not nice to that young woman. I don’t hold him for that because it wasn’t overly, you know, horrible. But it was — but all that was — when you say “doctored,” you’re a dishonest guy. Because it wasn’t doctored. They gave a close-up view. That’s not doctoring.
Q Mr. President, are you thinking about more Supreme Court justices since Justice Ginsburg in the hospital?
THE PRESIDENT: No, I wish her well. She said something very inappropriate during the campaign, but she apologized for it. I wouldn’t say she’s exactly on my side, but I wish her well. I hope she gets better. And I hope she serves on the Supreme Court for many, many years.
Q (Inaudible) another mass shooting, this time in California.
THE PRESIDENT: Terrible. Terrible.
Q What are we going to do about (inaudible)?
THE PRESIDENT: He’s a very sick — well, it’s a mental health problem. He is a very sick puppy. He was a very, very sick guy. Not too many people knew about it. But now that they’re looking, they’re starting to see he had a lot of problems, a lot of trouble. And we’re very much into that. As you know, I funded a lot of money toward mental health for that reason. And we’re continuing to do it, and we continue to look at the laws. We want to make sure — look, it is a problem. It’s a disastrous problem. It makes you sick to look at it. But he was a very, very mentally ill person.
THE PRESIDENT: Say it?
Q Do firearms play any part of this mental health conversation?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, he was a war veteran. He was a Marine; he was in the war. He served time. He saw some pretty bad things. And a lot of people say he had the PTSD. And that’s a tough deal. We’re spending — as you know, I’ve given tremendous funding to the vets for the PTSD and for general health for PTSD. It’s a big problem.
People come back. That’s why it’s a horrible thing. They come back, and they’re never the same.
Q Are you prepared to fly that flag at half-mast a lot more?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, I don’t like abusing any privilege, but when I see something that we should do, I always do that. Yeah, I always do that. I believe you should. When somebody — when it’s a worthy situation, I do believe it.
Q Do you expect Matt Whitaker to be involved in the Russia probe? Do you want him to —
THE PRESIDENT: It’s up to him.
Q Do you want him to rein in Robert Mueller?
THE PRESIDENT: What a stupid question that is. What a stupid question. But I watch you a lot. You ask a lot of stupid questions.
Q (Inaudible) sign an executive order on birthright citizenship this week. Why did that not happen?
THE PRESIDENT: We’re working. Well, because other things have come up, and we will be signing it soon.
Q Was it a political stunt?
THE PRESIDENT: No, no, no. Oh, we’re signing it. We’re doing it. And it’ll probably work its way up to the Supreme Court. Birthright citizenship probably works its way up to the Supreme Court. It will be signed. We wanted a perfect document. And because of the election and all of the delays in the election, and whatever is going on in Broward County — remember the word, “Broward County.”
Q Is there any evidence of fraud in Broward County?
THE PRESIDENT: Wait. Well, you take a look at the past. Take a look at the past.
Q Right now is there any?
THE PRESIDENT: And all of a sudden, they’re finding votes? You mean after the election, they’re finding votes? And then you look at her past, where she’s already been convicted, and now they’re finding votes. And you have this guy, Elias, who represented Hillary Clinton and a lot of very shady things. I think what you ought to do is get smart.
Good luck, folks. I’ll see you in Europe.
9:28 A.M. EST
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You are here: Home / News & Events / Latest News / Oxford ranked first in world for Engineering
Oxford ranked first in world for Engineering
The University of Oxford has become the first UK institution to top the Times Higher Education Engineering and Technology global subject rankings
"We have an international reputation for our research in all branches of engineering, from jet engines and renewable energies to digital health and cancer drug therapies via autonomous vehicles and machine learning for computer vision."
Head of Department Professor Lionel Tarassenko
Oxford overtook three US universities known for their strength in technology to lead in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings Engineering and Computer Science tables.
The ranking is based on criteria measuring teaching, research, industry income, international outlook and citations, which are combined to provide a comparison of universities worldwide.
This year, the engineering and technology ranking has been expanded to include 903 universities, up from 501 last year. Oxford leads the table in Engineering for the first time, after overtaking Stanford University and the California Institute of Technology.
Oxford's is the only unified department in the UK which offers accredited courses in all the major branches of engineering. It is one of the largest departments in the University and produces around 160 new engineering graduates each year, while 120 students will do an MSc or DPhil. The Department has a substantial research portfolio, including much that is directly supported by industry.
Head of Department Professor Lionel Tarassenko says, "We have an international reputation for our research in all branches of engineering, from jet engines and renewable energies to digital health and cancer drug therapies via autonomous vehicles and machine learning for computer vision."
He adds, "We continue to attract top talent to the Department, from bright 18-year old undergraduates to world-leading research professors. We are passionate about translating our research into products, working not only with top UK engineering companies such as Rolls-Royce and Jaguar Land Rover but also with Silicon Valley tech giants and spinning out about 10 companies a year. At a time of political uncertainty, our ranking shows how Oxford is delivering for the UK in the engineering sector".
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Celine Dion Says Rene Angelil Was Only Man She Ever Kissed
John R Kennedy
Ethan Miller / Getty Images
Celine Dion says the only man she has ever kissed was her husband René Angélil.
In an interview with CBS Sunday Morning that aired on Oct. 9, the Canadian singer said her longtime manager and husband — who died in January after a battle with cancer — was the only man she ever loved.
“I never kissed another man in my life,” she said.
Dion, 48, said the final months of his life were difficult for she and the couple’s three children.
“To see the man of my life die a little bit more every day… And when he left it was kind of a relief for me that the man that I love, the only man that I kissed, the only man that I loved…
“So the man of my life was my partner and we were one. So when he stopped suffering I said to myself, he’s OK and he deserves not to suffer.”
MORE: Celine Dion Performs 1000th Show in Las Vegas
Asked if she believes in falling in love again, Dion replied “Not now.”
She explained: “I love. I love him. I’m still in love with him and I have the love of my children, I have the love of my fans. I love the people that I work with. So my life is not empty of love.”
Dion referred to “I Go To Sleep,” a song by Sia.
“I go to sleep and imagine that you’re there with me,” Dion sang.
“I go to bed with him and I come onstage with him,” she said. “So I’m still married to him.”
Dion previously told the Las Vegas Review-Journal said she is open to a new relationship — some day.
“I’m not there yet, though. I don’t know if I can sing in love again,” she explained. “Today, no. I can say that. I’m not. My heart is already taken. And for how long, maybe for the rest of my life.”
Here are some reasons why this day matters in rock history.
Luke Combs Shares Another Unreleased Song
The country star debuted 'Reasons' on social media.
Katy Perry Plugs 'Useless' Colon Cleanses
We'll never listen to 'Swish Swish' the same way.
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Home » Magazine » Focus » Op-Eds » Magazine
Soft Power & the Role of Young Italians Abroad
Letizia Airos Soria (April 26, 2019)
These young men and women are real enactors of the “Vivere all’Italiana,” of the culture, the lifestyle, of ‘Made in Italy,’ and, more importantly, they represent contemporary Italy, not the stereotyped version attributed to their parents and grandparents.
The CGIE, the Comites, the Institutions, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, all have to take on this challenge, work together with these young Italians across the world, and consider them integral parts of Sistema Italia. They have to do this not only by proposing bottom-down initiatives, but by rendering them actors, listening to them, letting them into their own projects, and, in some cases, in their electoral bodies.
They are the - perhaps still unaware or unexpectant - enactors of the possibilities ahead of them, not docile instruments or collection basins for votes. Italy’s soft (‘morbido’) power in the world depends on them.
Considerations after the Palermo Seminary with 115 young Italians from all over the world
IN ITALIANO >>
I return to New York after having had one of the best experiences of my life: Five days in Palermo for a Seminary with 115 young Italians from all over the world.
They met thanks to the General Council of Italians Abroad (CGIE), the Comites (Committees of Italians Abroad) and to the Regional Councils for Emigration of the countries they respectively inhabit. It wasn’t easy but their spirit of enthusiasm and teamwork helped overcome the mainly logistic and economic difficulties.
It’s hard to describe the constructive atmosphere that from the very first moment engulfed everyone, the young and the less young (or, how people like to say nowadays, “differently young.”) For once, the organizers - due to space restraints I can only name Secretary General of CGIE Michele Schiavone and President of the VII Commission of CGIE ‘New Migrations and New Generations’ Maria Chiara Prodi, - were careful not to take over, as is often the case.
The young finally spoke, making proposals, objecting at times; they compared their ideas amongst themselves and with institutional representatives. They are now finally ready to create, over the course of the coming months, what will be the first network of young Italians abroad. Their work has already begun, as those who returned home to different continents started sharing new input remotely. In Palermo, we built the foundations, now it’s their turn, their moment.
I could say a lot about the young men and women that I’ve met, but for now I want to initiate a reflection on the themes discussed during the panel that I presented and moderated alongside Domenico De Maio of the National Agency for Youth, Stefano Queriolo Palma of the General Direction for the Promotion of Sistema Paese (DGSP) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Giovanna Mafodda, from the Marketing Coordination Office of ICE-Agenzia.
I want to do this because it’s the theme I have most frequently come across in my work over the past 15 years. At i-Italy, our aim is to communicate Italy to Americans and we do it at 360 degrees. We have to start from the concept of Soft Power.
Italian Soft Power
The term, coined in the early 1990s by Professor Joseph S. Nye of Harvard Kennedy School of Government, is used frequently in Italy, cited by institutions, media, businesses. It’s with Soft Power - much more than with Hard Power, which they don’t lack - that the United States have constructed the American Brand that is now part of the global collective imagination, for good and bad. The American Dream made this country’s fortune, also by attracting millions of immigrants from all over the world, including Italy. A similar Nation Branding operation could today be realized for Italy.
In fact, Italy already has Soft Power currency that is largely unutilized but spontaneously appreciated worldwide. Take “Made in Italy,” for example. There is such a thing as an Italian Dream, an Italian Way of Life, the VIVERE ALL’ITALIANA slogan that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs coined as an umbrella term under which to qualify all the economic and cultural diplomatic activities of Sistema Italia.
Institutions need to hone this potential Soft Power in order to promote our image abroad. In Italy, however, there is no central entity in charge of designing and activating a strategy for an integrated promotion of Brand Italia. There are many entities involved in internationalization activities, operating nationally, regionally, and locally, and coordinating them is a strenuous feat.
Ten years ago, the DGSP, General Direction for the Promotion of Sistema Paese was founded - and I would like to name perhaps its most important deviser, Ambassador Giampiero Massolo, then Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. For those who are unfamiliar, the concept is that, since we have a ramified diplomatic network (126 Embassies, 80 Consulates, 83 Cultural Institutes) headed by the MAECI (acronym for the ministry of foreign affairs), the DGSP proposes itself as the coordinator of an enormous body of activities for an INTEGRATED PROMOTION of Italy in the world. And for some years it has been doing so through what is called the ‘Control Room for Internationalization,’ that the MAECI co-presides alongside the Ministry for Cultural Development (MISE). It is composed of ICE-Agenzia, an entity through which the funds dedicated to foreign commerce are canalized, and a variety of other ministerial, financial, entrepreneurial, and territorial subjects.
These are the subjects promoting Italian Soft Power, the coordinators of Sistema Italia in the world, the devisers of our Nation Branding - and the tagline #VIVEREALLITALIANA, realized by Artistic Director Davide Rampello.
Young Italians, the “healthy carriers of Soft Power”
But what do young people have to do with this? That’s the question I raised to the organizers of the seminary. It contained, of course, a veiled provocation. There are 60 million people of Italian descent in the world (about 20 million in the United States, where I live.) Around 5 million are Italian citizens. These millions of Italians around the world, and particularly the young ones, are fundamental to Italian Nation Branding, they are “healthy carriers of Soft Power.” But are we aware of this?
The CGIE, the Comites, the Institutions, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, all have to take on this challenge, work together with these young Italians across the world, and consider them integral parts of Sistema Italia. They have to do this not only by proposing bottom-down initiatives, but by rendering them actors, listening to them, letting them into their own projects, and, in some cases, in their electoral bodies. They have to support, foster, multiply the occasions for encounters such as the Palermo Seminary. And they may have to learn to listen, rather than talk, and to step aside when necessary, in order to favor the generational changeover, which is also a cultural changeover and a spiritual renewal.
The network that these young men and women have begun building is what really matters. With their online media and social networks, younger generations have become actors in the global political, social and economic spheres. They are the - perhaps still unaware or unexpectant - enactors of the possibilities ahead of them, not docile instruments or collection basins for votes. Italy’s soft (‘morbido’) power in the world depends on them.
It’s starting from this idea, and from them that we have to build our Soft Power. By creating networks. I believe that their network can become a significant asset for Italy abroad. And all of this could be extremely beneficial to their peers in Italy.
More info >> https://www.seminariodipalermo.it/
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It's Time for #MeThree
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October 14, 2015 by C.C.Jayo
Where east meets west
Doing some research before coming here, a cheesy slogan would always come up “where east meets west”..cheesy as it may be, it’s 100% true. Beyond being the only city in the world located on two continents, Istanbul's identity is defined by its beautiful mix of "European" and "Asian" culture, food, traditions, and music. There’s an inevitable sense of enchantment in the air in Istanbul. Especially at that magic hour around sunset. It may be a combination of the birds flying over the Bosphorus, the taste of a spectacular turkish tea, the smell of the spices and kebabs, and the breathtaking views of the mosques scattered across the city landscape. It's no wonder this was the capital of the Roman, Byzantine, Latin and Ottoman empires! (Funny that it isn't the capital of Turkey now...)
Sultanahmet (European Side, south of the Golden Horn)
All the main touristy things are located in the Historic Peninsula. Just to list off a few must-sees: Hagia Sofia, The Blue Mosque, Tokapi Palace, The Basilica Cistern, and The Grand Bazaar. A few more cool extras would be the New Mosque, the Spice Market, and checking out one of the famous Turkish Baths. I could go on forever about how beautiful each of these attractions is, but the truth is, you just have to go and see them in person. Put these on your bucket list STAT.
Taksim, Beyoğlu and Galata Tower (European Side, north of the Golden Horn)
You've probably heard of Taksim Square, considering its prominence in the news as a crucial gathering point for political protests; but coming to this area, you might find İstiklal Caddesi (Independence Avenue) as the attraction to not be missed! It's a crazy packed strip lined with stores, bars, hookah (nargile) joints, Turkish Delight shops, and street food. Its side streets reveal cozy restaurants and fruit, fish, and artisanal markets that stay open late into the night. Walking around this area at night will offer a surreal, "city-that-never-sleeps" experience that will leave you wide-eyed and ready to party! Walking all the way down İstiklal, you will see how the neighborhood transforms. A more laid-back area with chic cafés, art galleries, design firms, boutiques, and restaurants brightens up the area near Galata Tower. It's easy to spot, considering there's this huge tower (66.9-meters / 220-feet) at it's center. The 1348-year old tower overlooks the Bosphorus offering panoramic views of the city. The best is to check it out at sunset during a call to prayer.
Beşiktaş (Europen Side, futher north of the Golden Horn)
The name might sound familiar if you're a soccer fan, but there's more to see in Beşiktaş beyond the soccer stadium. Windy streets filled with bustling restaurants and possibly the best fish market in all of Istanbul make this another great area to discover. We were lucky enough to stumble in during a soccer game. All the screens were playing for the die-hard fans as they downed some Raki and Turkish-style tapas. Encouraged by the vivid energy surrounding us, we decided to do the same. Just as we sat down, a man came up to us for our oder, clearly trying to be quick so he could move back to his prime soccer-watching spot. He brought with him a huge tray of Turkish tapas for us to choose from. We pointed at the rice-filled oysters, an octopus salad, and, since we were feeling adventurous, SHEEP BRAIN. Once the game was over, we felt like locals, stumbling down to grab a taxi happy and full of delicious food and raki.
Kadıköy (Asian Side, mainland)
This area, located in the Asian side of Istanbul, is mainly known for its incredible fish market and mellow atmosphere, but over the past few years, a new bohemian-art scene has emerged, making the new hip-place-to-be. New bars, restaurants, and vintage shops seem to be popping up around every corner in the Kadikoy area. It's the perfect place to wander and explore.
Princes' Islands (Asian Side, Sea of Marmara)
To escape the hustle-and-bustle of the city life, many flock to The Princes' Islands (known as the 'Adalar', Turkish for 'Islands'). Apparently, members of dynasties who fell out of favor were sent to exile there during Byzantine and early Ottoman period. Out of the nine, the ferry drops you off at the first four. We chose island #3, Heybeliada. The first thing you'll notice is that there are no cars. Only horse-drawn carriages and bikes! The architecture is also strikingly different from anything you'll see in the other areas of Istanbul. Charming Victorian-style beach cottages fit in perfectly with the easy-living feel of the island.
October 14, 2015 /C.C.Jayo
Eastern Europe, Istanbul, Turkey
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Vaadat Charigim + Desire + Support
Acid Box Promotions are so glad to finally welcome ועדת חריגים Vaadat Charigim to Brighton!
The band, who released their 2nd LP on BURGER RECORDS in 2015 we're due to play for us the same year yet had to cancel the UK tour. This is the long overdue rescheduled date!
Tuesday 29th August at The Hope & Ruin
Tickets: £5+bf in advance will be available online and at Resident Brightonon Friday 14th July!
Vaadat Charigim are an Israeli psychedelic/shoegaze/dream pop trio formed in 2012 in Tel Aviv, Israel, their sound described as “a holy hybrid of Ride’s wistful dreaminess and Slowdive’s protracted druggy slow-motion guitar haze”.
Vaadat Charigim's amazing live show has got them got them to events such as SXSW and Austin Psych Fest, signed with BURGER RECORDS for a 2nd LP, titled ‘Sinking as a Stone’, which came out May 2015.
They have also been chosen to open for Slowdive in Tel Aviv a few days after they play for us in Brighton.
Since their inception in 2012, the band has been very influential on the Israeli rock scene, due to their widely covered debut LP, and their rapidly growing international following. The band has won critical acclaim internationally despite their songs being sung entirely in Hebrew – an unprecedented achievement for an Israeli rock band. Their distinctive sound derives from their unique mixture of local Israeli rock from the 80s and 90s with international Indie rock from the same era, as well as in their insistency on the Hebrew language, with all its aesthetic and rhythmic oddities.
The album, like their first, was also recorded by the band in their Tel Aviv apartment/studio for several months, and was also produced by Kyle “Slick” Johnson who has also engineered/produced albums for Modest Mouse, The Hives, Wavves, Cymbals Eat Guitars.
+ support from
desire7.bandcamp.com/releases
facebook.com/Desire-426691947713951
facebook.com/acidboxpromotions/events
Muncie Girls + Crushing + H_ngm_n
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Cyprus PIO: Turkish Cypriot and Turkish Media Review, 19-07-11
Cyprus Press and Information Office: Turkish Cypriot Press Review Directory - Previous Article - Next Article
From: The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office Server at <http://www.pio.gov.cy/>
Turkish Cypriot and Turkish Media-11.07.19 No. 128/19 Content
[A] Turkish Cypriot Press
[01] "Only Turkey decides what it wants to do in its continental shelf", argues Cavusoglu � Turkey to declare EEZ
[02] Erdogan assigns Oktay the coordination with the "TRNC"
[03] Statements by Akinci after meeting with Spehar
[04] Tatar: "The joint committee on natural gas will be proposed again"
[05] Ozersay argues that the latest statements by Washington on cooperation and dialogue are important
[06] Ozersay argues he was ready to assume responsibility in the "presidential elections"
[07] Efforts for bringing football teams to training camps in the occupied area of Cyprus are exerted, says Sertoglu
[B] Turkish Press
[01] Turkey is reportedly preparing to declare its own EEZ in the Mediterranean
[02] Celik: "Turkey fully supports Turkish Cypriots' rights in the EM"
[03] Ankara warns US against harmful steps over Russian S-400s
[04] Newly appointed US envoy Satterfield arrives in Turkey
[05] Erdogan slams former Deputy PM Babacan over his resignation from AKP
[06] CHP slams AKP government for failing to meet economic targets
[07] Election body announces official result of Istanbul re-run elections
Turkish Cypriot newspaper Yeni Duzen (11.07.19) reports that Turkish Foreign Minister, Mevlut Cavusoglu has alleged that if the European Union (EU) continued taking "wrong steps" on the Eastern Mediterranean and Cyprus issues in the name of solidarity, the solution of the problems would not be possible. "If constructive approaches for solving the problem exist, we are here anyway, we are exhibiting flexibility, provided that the Turkish Cypriot people's rights are safeguarded", he claimed in statements yesterday in Ankara after a meeting with an Iraqi delegation.
Cavusoglu recalled that former Turkish Cypriot leader Dervis Eroglu had submitted a proposal in 2011 on the hydrocarbons issue providing for the establishment of a joint committee under the UN, adding that drillings and other activities should have continued within the framework of the work of this joint committee. He said that this proposal was still on the table until today and that it had never been withdrawn. "While we have shared our view with everyone, no institution, the EU, the UN or the guarantor countries which are closely interested in Cyprus and the EU took any step on this issue", he alleged.
Referring to the Republic of Cyprus' efforts in the direction of the EU taking measures against Turkey because of its activities in the Eastern Mediterranean contrary to international law, Cavusoglu alleged that the EU's steps would not be useful and claimed:
"[�] We are showing flexibility, provided that the Turkish Cypriot people's rights are safeguarded. A mechanism may be established, a committee may be established. This may be through the EU. It may be through the UN. It may be through the two sides. We are here for everything. Everybody admits that the Turkish Cypriot people have rights here. The Greek Cypriots also admit this. When I asked Anastasiades, he said 'yes, the Turkish Cypriot people also have rights'. When I asked him 'very well, then, why do you not safeguard them', he says 'I cannot do it now'. When are you going to do it? Is it when you will start selling? When the natural gas is extracted, when its sales start, will you be here? Therefore, we should agree on this issue in the beginning".
Cavusoglu alleged that no one except for the guarantor powers in Cyprus had the right to speak here and added that the EU was not a guarantor. "Therefore, if they are going to speak, they should do so in a balanced manner. They should take no one's side", he claimed and argued: "We have always kept the EU as observer in the solution of the Cyprus problem. Sometimes we kept it in the room next door. At the Crans Montana we included it in the same room. [�] They are exhibiting a stance totally in favor of the Greek Cypriots in the name of solidarity. The EU standards should be taken as basis in solidarity [�] We do not think that this solidarity is right. Solidarity is good when it defends what is right and those who are right [�]".
Expressing the view that the EU should seek a midway for finding a solution to the issue by evaluating the Turkish proposal instead of making statements which satisfy the Greek Cypriots, Cavusoglu said that he had discussed the issue with EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Federica Mogherini and reiterated:
"We are showing every kind of flexibility for a formula which will safeguard the TRNC's and the Turkish Cypriot people's rights. If they do not approach this, if they continue favouring the Greek Cypriot side by taking a side in the name of solidarity, they will be committing a mistake. Then we want to say the following: Turkey is determined to protect the TRNC's and the Turkish Cypriot people's rights until the end. We will continue taking similar steps from now on. Either these resources will be shared in a fair manner or as Turkey we will continue defending our rights and the rights of the Turkish Cypriot people".
Asked whether Turkey was examining the issue of declaring an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), Cavusoglu replied that the ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defence were working on the issue and established a joint committee, which would submit the results of its work to President Erdogan. "After this, the decisions will be taken", he said.
Meanwhile, Turkish Cypriot newspaper K?br?s Postas? (11.07.19) reports that Cavusoglu said that Turkey would intensify its works in the areas for which it had been "licenced" in the Eastern Mediterranean and alleged: "It is Turkey's sovereign right. No one has the right to comment. Only Turkey decides what it wants to do in its continental shelf. We are taking steps according to international law. EverybodyshouldrespectTurkey'srights. Wewillcontinueourdrillings. After our Fatih vessel, Yavuz also went to the area and it will start its drillings in this area. The countries which are not guarantors have no right to speak. If they speak t hey are obliged to be impartial".
(I/Ts.)
According to illegal Bayrak television (11.07.19, http://www.brtk.net/?english posts=fuat-oktay-becomes-coordinator-for-cyprus-affairs), Turkish Vice President Fuat Oktay has been tasked by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan with carrying out coordination affairs with the "TRNC" [the breakaway regime in the occupied area of the Republic of Cyprus].
Erdogan had signed off a presidential decree approving the creation of a Coordination Office of Cyprus Affairs on July 6. The aim of this new office will be to contribute to the planning and coordination of financial and technical assistance provided by Turkey.
The consent of the coordinating body will also be sought for any agreement between Turkish public institutions and the Turkish Cypriots. The body will monitor and evaluate the economic programmes signed by Turkey and the "North" while a technical committee will be involved in the procedures.
Moreover, the decree sets provisions for setting up temporary working groups of experts who would monitor and assess the application of the financial programmes agreed between Turkey and the "TRNC".
According to illegal Bayrak television (11.07.19, http://www.brtk.net/?english posts=akinci-met-with-spehar), Turkish Cypriot leader Mustafa Akinci, speaking briefly following the meeting with the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in Cyprus Elizabeth Spehar on Wednesday, said that Spehar held meetings with the two leaders today, adding that these meetings were part of routine contacts during the United Nations Security Council deliberations on [UNFICYP] report. "In this regard, we have evaluated the current situation and exchanged views on the Cyprus problem," Ak?nc? noted.
Akinci said that he had also sent a letter to UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres about the current situation regarding the Cyprus talks.
Criticizing the Greek Cypriot leader Nicos Anastasiades, he argued: "You know that the Greek Cypriot leader often sends letters to the UN Secretary General, which are then released for public opinion. We do it if there is a reason and if it is necessary, we do not send letters every day, every hour, however taking into account the situation we are in now, we felt the need to contact the Secretary General." He added that he would make the contents of the letter public once the UN Secretary-General receives it.
Ak?nc? further said that he had also raised the issue of the attack on a tourist bus with the Special Representative and that he asked her to tell the Greek Cypriot leader Nicos Anastasiades and the Greek Cypriot authorities to take proper measures in light of the incident. He added that it was not possible to accept an attack on a Turkish Cypriot bus in Larnaca at a time when steps were being taken to reinstate confidence between the communities on the island. "On one side, while striving to produce ideas to increase trust between the two communities, the incidents contrary to our efforts are issues we monitor diligently and with sensitivity," Ak?nc? added.
Speaking after her meeting with Akinci, Spehar said it was a "very good meeting" and reminded that she had met earlier in the day with Anastasiades.
Spehar said she holds these meetings with the leaders routinely before heading to New York. "I was also able to talk to Mr Ak?nc? about the discussions that I had with Mr Anastasiades in terms of what we might be working on in the future," she told reporters.
In response to a question on the possibility of a five-party meeting, Spehar said: "Everything is being discussed" but refrained from giving any details.
Turkish Cypriot daily Kibris Postasi (11.07.19, http://www.kibrispostasi.com/c35-KIBRIS HABERLERI/n290844-tatar-cumhurbaskani-ile-gorustu-dogal-gaz-konusunda-ortak-ko), with the above title, reports that self-styled prime minister Ersin Tatar, in statements to the press following his weekly routine meeting with the Turkish Cypriot leader Mustafa Akinci, said that as they did before, they will propose again the creation of a joint committee of Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots on natural gas so that both may benefit from the natural wealth. He then reminded that after the Fatih drilling vessel, the Yavuz drilling vessel has arrived off the coast of Cyprus in connection with the agreement signed between Turkey and the "TRNC" [the breakaway regime in the occupied area of Cyprus] regarding the ongoing drilling activities in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Noting that Akinci has also conveyed to him a copy of the letter that he sent to UN Secretary General Guterres, Tatar added that Akinci informs the UN Secretary General on the latest developments in Cyprus.
Stating that he informed Akinci on the economic protocol that will be signed between Turkey and the "TRNC", Tatar added that the signing stage has been reached and that he conveyed to Akinci what can be signed in the coming weeks.
On the same issue, illegal BRT television (11.07.19, http://www.brtk.net/?english posts=akinci-and-tatar-hold-routine-meeting) also broadcast that Tatar, after the meeting, said that his discussions with Akinci had focused on the letter sent to UNSG Guterres, Turkey's drilling activities, the economic protocol signed with Turkey and problems experienced with asylum seekers.
Tatar said that the 51 Syrian asylum seekers, who had been detained at occupied Tymbou airport for several weeks had been sent to Turkey on Wednesday. He reminded that a "visa requirement had now been introduced for Syrian nationals wishing to enter the TRNC".
"As a result of this new practice, airline companies and ferry services now have a legal obligation to transport back those who do not have the required paper work. I briefed the president on this issue," he added.
(DPs)
According to illegal Bayrak television (11.07.19, http://www.brtk.net/?english posts=ozersay-says-washingtons-statement-important), Kudret Ozersay, self-styled deputy prime minister and foreign minister, said on Wednesday that the latest statements by Washington underlining the need for energy resource development in the Eastern Mediterranean to foster cooperation, dialogue and provide a foundation for durable energy security and economic prosperity, was important. "This view overlaps with the Turkish Cypriot side's stance regarding a solution to the hydrocarbon issue. I would like to reiterate the Turkish Cypriot side's readiness to cooperate and establish dialogue with both the Greek Cypriot side and all involved parties on the issue of hydrocarbons," he added.
Reminding that the Turkish Cypriot side has been making proposals for years to the Greek Cypriot side for cooperation and dialogue on the issue of hydrocarbon resources, Ozersay claimed: "It is my conviction that the Greek Cypriot side will pay attention to the US's call on the issue. We invite the Greek Cypriot side to adopt a stance in favour of cooperating and establishing a dialogue in order to achieve sustainable energy security and economic prosperity".
Ozersay also alleged that contrary to the US's statement, it was the Greek Cypriot side which was taking provocative steps by insisting on continuing its unilateral activities regarding the region's natural resources and refusing to discuss this issue with other stakeholders.
Washington had voiced concern on Tuesday over Turkey's gas exploration activities in the Mediterranean Sea, calling on the Turkish government to halt the activities. (�)
Turkish Cypriot newspaper K?br?s (11.07.19) reports that Kudret Ozersay, self-styled foreign minister of the breakaway regime in the occupied area of Cyprus and chairman of the People's Party (HP), has indicated that he was positive for becoming a candidate in the "presidential elections" to be held next year in the occupied area of the island.
According to a written statement issued by HP, speaking at a meeting in occupied Trikomo area, Ozersay argued that "if we can see that it is a critical and strategic threshold for the future of the Turkish Cypriots, then I may be needed to take a step". He said that he wanted to do this, because the first step he had taken in politics had been his candidature in the previous "presidential elections". "If, in the coming period, we need to assume responsibility for being able to have a say in the future of this country, we will sit and decide as a party", he added.
According to Ozersay, the forthcoming "elections" would be different to the previous ones, because there was a "differentiation" at the level of ideas. He argued:
"Are we going to elect the person who will negotiate the bi-communal, bi-zonal federation like we have been doing for 50 years or are we going to exhibit a stance which is open to discussing different new ideas, which is not thinking dogmatically? It will be an election in which we will decide this [�]
Hot events are taking place around the island. They are so hot that even a missile fell on the island. Important developments are ahead of us both in the military sense and in the political and hydrocarbons' sense We could sit and watch these developments. However, the Turkish Cypriot people had seen in the past that when they delayed in some things or when they could not act at the correct time, they could not be an actor and were forced to live a destiny which was determined by others [�]".
Turkish Cypriot newspaper Yeni Duzen (11.07.19) reports that Hasan Sertoglu, chairman of the self-styled Turkish Cypriot football federation has said that they were exerting efforts in the direction of [foreign] teams being able to play preparation matches in the occupied area of the Republic of Cyprus. In statements on a radio program in Turkey after meeting with the chairman of the Turkish Football Federation, Nihat Ozdemir, Sertoglu said:
"[�] We know that our teams will not be able to play matches in UEFA and FIFA. However, we have a permit given to us, which is our right. Serious steps are taken on issues such as preparation matches and teams to come for training camps. Meetings with international lawyers are held. This is the road we are walking. We will be able to succeed with the serious support of the Turkish Football Federation [�]"
Under the title: "Turkey is close to declaring its own EEZ", Turkish daily Yeni Safak (11.07.19-https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/meb-ilani-yakin-3498061) reports that Turkey, which is giving an energy war with many countries in the Eastern Mediterranean is preparing to declare its own Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
According to the paper, Turkey's Foreign Ministry and Turkey's Defense Ministry are preparing a study towards this issue. It adds that the agreement to be signed with Libya on the declaration to the world of Turkey's EEZ map is considered very important. According to the paper, an important opportunity is given to Ankara in order to reach an agreement with Tripoli on the issue related with the Meditteranean hydrocarbons and the Aegean Coast, southwest of Turkey, which are located opposite Libya on the map. The Prime Minister of Libya, Fayez el-Sarraj who is officially recognized by the UN, was received the other day in Istanbul by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
The paper continues, writing that the agreement to be reached between the two countries on the issue of the delimitation of marine space fields, is expected.
In statements on the issue, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu stated that they carried out a study on this issue and added that they will move forward undertaking all necessary steps after submitting this to Erdogan.
(AK)
Ankara Anatolia news agency (10.07.19-https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/turkey-fully-supports-turkish-cypriots-rights-in-med/1528324) reported that the ruling Justice and Development (AK) Party Spokesman Omer Celik said on Wednesday that Turkey fully supports the "TRNC rights over its own continental shelf and will not allow attempts to usurp them".
"It is the Greek side and the Greek Cypriot side that engage in unlawful actions that escalate tension," Celik told reporters at his party's headquarters in Ankara, referring to a dispute between the two "countries, the TRNC, and the Greek Cypriot administration regarding hydrocarbon drilling in the Eastern Mediterranean".
"If the Greek Cypriots had included the TRNC in the mechanisms put in place to share the hydrocarbon resources and guarantee revenue sharing, we would not be having these troubles now," Celik alleged.
He further accused the Greek Cypriot side of "usurping the rights of the TRNC, acting with one-sided waywardness and claiming rights within the continental shelf of the Republic of Turkey. Turkey will never tolerate it," Celik stressed.
Referring to a previous statement by Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias who has said that Turkey's activities in the Eastern Mediterranean did not comply with international law, Celik said the speech was "far from a statesman manner," and would not lead to good consequences."
"Turkey's friendship is valuable and does not harm anyone but provides benefits to everyone," Celik said.
"As a sovereign country, Turkey has the will to protect its interests at any cost within its continental shelf notified to the United Nations," Celik added.
Turkish daily Hurriyet Daily news (10.071.19-http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-warns-united-states-against-harmful-steps-over-russian-s-400s-144861) reported that Turkey called on the United States on July 10 to avoid steps harmful to bilateral relations after the U.S. State Department spokeswoman reiterated that Ankara would face real and negative consequences for acquiring Russian S-400 defense systems.
Turkey's Foreign Ministry Spokesman Hami Aksoy said the comments by the State Department's Morgan Ortagus on July 9 were not in line with the spirit and content of talks between Presidents of the two countries at the G20 summit last month.
Despite their longstanding strategic alliance as members of NATO, since 2017 Turkey and the U.S. have been at odds over Turkey's decision to buy the S-400, a Russian-made missile defense system, and U.S. threats to break its contract to sell Turkey F-35 jets over the dispute.
Ankara Anatolia news agency (10.07.10-https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/newly-appointed-us-envoy-satterfield-arrives-in-turkey/1528327) reported that the newly appointed U.S. Ambassador to Turkey, David Satterfield, arrived in Ankara on Wednesday.
"We're pleased to announce that U.S. Ambassador-Designate to Turkey, David M. Satterfield, arrived in Ankara today. Welcome to Turkey!" the U.S. Embassy in Ankara said on Twitter.
U.S. President Donald Trump announced Satterfield's candidacy on February, 16. The U.S. Senate designated him on June 28.
Born in 1954, Satterfield stands out as a senior career diplomat of the U.S.
Earning a bachelor's degree from the University of Maryland in 1976, he served as Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs since 2017.
During the presidential term of Barack Obama, Satterfield served as Director General of the Multinational Force and Observers in Rome from 2009 to 2013 and 2014 to 2017.
In 2014, Satterfield was appointed as Special Advisor to the Secretary of State for Libya, based in Tripoli.
During George W. Bush's presidency, Satterfield was the Coordinator for Iraq and Senior Advisor to the Secretary of State from 2006 to 2009.
He also assumed top posts at U.S. missions in Syria, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Lebanon.
Apart from English, the ambassador is fluent in Arabic, French, Italian and Hebrew.
John Bass was the last serving American ambassador to Ankara in 2014-2017.
Bass, who now serves as new U.S. envoy to Afghanistan, left Turkey in October 2017 amid a visa crisis between Washington and Ankara. The post has since been vacant.
Diplomatic relations between Turkey and the U.S. were established in 1927 after the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923.
Turkish daily Hurriyet Daily news (10.07.19-http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-slams-former-deputy-pm-babacan-over-his-resignation-from-akp-144859) reported that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has slammed former Deputy Prime Minister Ali Babacan over his resignation from the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP), accusing him of "abandoning the common cause".
"[Babacan] met with me upon his request. He said he would resign after the [June 23 rerun elections] because he lost his sense of belonging to [the AKP]. He reasoned this over the country's economy. For us, the common cause should not be abandoned," Erdogan told reporters late July 9 on his return from a two-day South-East European Cooperation Process (SEECP) summit in Bosnia.
Erdogan said further that he asked Babacan, who is a co-founder of the AKP, about new party rumors surrounding his resignation, but Babacan said that he is "not thinking about it for now."
"Mr. Ali is one of the youngest people to become a minister in Turkey. There were many subjects we could not agree on; the issue of interest rates is the most important among them. I always told him about the losses caused by interest rates," he said, adding that when interest rates declined to 4.6%, inflation was at around 7%. There is no such thing that people will always remain here," he said.
Erdogan added that he had told Babacan that the Cabinet could make use of his ideas or contributions if there were any.
Erdogan also stressed that he had asked Babacan to become an adviser for the AKP. "He, however, refused the offer, Erdogan added.
"Our party has a deep-rooted infrastructure. I told this to [Babacan] as well. I said, 'It is your way but don't forget that you do not have the right to break up the ummah [Muslim community]. You are doing this and you will not reach anything by doing this.' I also told him not to delay [establishing a party] because there are four years until the next elections," Erdogan said.
(�)
Turkish daily Hurriyet Daily News (10.07.19-http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/govt-failed-to-meet-economic-targets-main-opposition-chp-144874) reported that main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) Spokesperson Faik Oztrak said on July 10, a day after the 11th development plan was submitted to Parliament that the Justice and Development Party (AKP) government has failed to meet its economic targets.
Oztrak slammed the new development plan, saying it falls short of addressing the needs of Turkey's economy. "In 2013, income per capita was $12,480. Now, the development plan says it will be $12,484 in 2023. There is an increase of just $4. For 10 years, we have been spinning our wheels," Oztrak said at a press conference held at the CHP headquarters in the capital Ankara.
Turkey is in the middle of an economic crisis, according to Oztrak. "The ruling party failed to meet all its targets from economic growth to unemployment and income per capita."
"The need for a proper plan that will earn everyone's trust and will expand the horizon is growing every coming day," he added.
Oztrak also said that four international financial institutions, including the World Bank, have been projecting the contraction in Turkey's economy but "the ruling party is having a hard time comprehending the crisis."
"The way to decrease the interest rates goes through the decline in risk premiums or inflation," he added.
Oztrak also said that the new presidential system Turkey switched to last year has caused an economic downturn.
"[President Recep Tayyip] Erdogan is saying 'we will reach our 2023 targets'. He is giving false hope. He is pledging half of what he had pledged when he was prime minister in the single-man regime," he said.
If the "optimistic" economic objectives in the development plan are achieved, Turkey will still rank 17th among the world's top economies, according to the CHP spokesman.
"National income will be much lower. Our country will no longer be among the top economies of the world," Oztrak said.
"There is no room for hopelessness. Our country has qualified staff that will be much more beneficial," he added.
Turkey's 11th development plan, which covers 2019-2023, was submitted to Parliament on July 9 following Erdogan's approval.
The plan foresees that the country's gross domestic product will increase to $1.08 trillion in 2023 while the per capita income target is $12,484.
Ankara Anatolia news agency (11.07.19-https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/istanbul-poll-election-body-announces-official-result/1528594) reports that some weeks after Ekrem Imamoglu was declared Istanbul's new Mayor, Turkish election authorities on Thursday announced the detailed result of the election rerun in Turkey's most populous city.
According to the Supreme Election Council (YSK) decision published in the Official Gazette, some 8.9 million Istanbulites, out of 10.5 million, cast ballots in the June 23 rerun poll.
Imamoglu, candidate for the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP), won the race with 4.7 million votes, while Binali Yildirim of the ruling Justice and Development (AK) Party got 3.9 million.
This translated to 54.2% of the vote for Imamoglu and 45% for Yildirim.
The Istanbul mayoral poll was initially held on March 31, when Imamoglu got 48.8% of the vote and Yildirim got 48.55%, according to official YSK figures.
But the March poll was annulled after the AK Party appealed the result, citing irregularities and violations of the law.
The Official Gazette also announced the results of other rerun elections on June 2 in places such as Adiyaman, Artvin, Denizli, and Kirikkale.
TURKISH AFFAIRS SECTION
(AK/EH)
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Review: Rihanna - Unapologetic
I really do love how Rihanna's music style and her own personal style changes from year to year with the new releases of albums. Her music career has evolved drastically, and is forever changing. Once the Good Girl Gone Bad album came out, there was no u-turning; since then she has had an image which is empowering and unique. Not only is she evolving constantly in her music and personal style, she is a great performer and really is Unapologetic.
I personally think that with any CD you have to listen to it a good few times in order to start to like the song as the first time of hearing her songs will not sound as good as when you've given it a couple more plays. However saying that, maybe it's just personal preference, I did love Diamonds and Nobody's Business.
Nobody's Business is very nostalgic of a Michael Jackson song, the rhythm and style of singing is not that dissimilar to the voice of MJ himself. I also love the fact that she has sung it with Chris Brown, as there has been a lot of controversy and rumours surrounding them previous to the release of Unapologetic that it is very fitting that their romance is Nobody's Business.
Diamonds is another great song as when I listen to it it sparks emotions and memories of me and my boyfriend, B. I think that Diamonds is a classic and is a must buy, as well as the album!
The rest of Unapologetic is extremely good, it is very hip hop but with a twist. This is as Rihanna is singing it, the songs seems more feminine yet they are very masculine, such as Pour It Up and Numb. Yet there are songs on Unapologetic which are not so hip hop or grungy; such as What Now, Stay, Love Without Tragedy/Mother Mary and Get It Over With.
Unapologetic is a great Christmas gift or just a must buy if you are a Rihanna fan or if you like that genre of music.
New Years Styling
The Dark Night
D.I.Y Manicure
Kitchen Cabinet Organisation
Wardrobe Organisation
Review: L.A Candy Trilogy
It's Starting to Look a Lot Like Christmas
How Do You Like Your Eggs In The Morning
Review: I Heart Series
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« Lucky Them (2014) | Main | The Sacrament (2014) »
Willow Creek (2014)
Thursday, June 12, 2014 at 07:16AM
Squatching Reality
Though Willow Creek is an intermittently funny film featuring a charming pair of leads, I spent much of it confused and bored out of my mind. And, yes, I absolutely recommend this movie--with a warning that you not approach it like our protagonists, Bigfoot enthusiast, Jim (Bryce Johnson), and his supportive girlfriend, Kelly (Alexie Gilmore). With starry eyes and no back-up plan, they venture deep into the woods of the Pacific Northwest in search of something they only think they know from pop culture. What awaits them is more bizarre and life-changing than they could have imagined.
Similarly, you might look at the film's eerie, painted poster (featuring a magnificent, skull-faced Sasquatch comprised of screaming, twisted souls) and assume you're in for a standard horror movie. But if you know anything about writer/director Bobcat Goldthwait's filmmaking career, alarm bells should immediately go off in the deepest, smartest part of your brain. Just as World's Greatest Dad is the blackest satire of single-dad dramas and God Bless America skewers media-culture cranks, Willow Creek offers a harsh examination of found-footage fright flicks. It's so effective because Goldtwhait camouflages his critique in a convincingly bland, frustrating shell that, by the end, will have unnerved you for all the right reasons.
Goldthwait doesn't hold back on filmmakers and audiences who've made the subgenre both increasingly disposable and exponentially more profitable. The confluence of The Blair Witch Project and the rise of do-it-yourself mega-fame outlets like YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and Vine have created a mystery vacuum at the core of our pop landscape. Today, it seems, there's no such thing as an idea that can't be explained away, laughed off, or simply swiped past if it proves too challenging (or, God forbid, scary).
This is Jim and Kelly's reality, precisely, which explains their trek to the heart of nowhere without weapons, military-grade GPS, or even a back-up plan. They simply drive until they can't--then get out and walk, with only some flimsy camping equipment and their digital camera as protection. At least the first leg of their journey to the abyss is fun--for them.
Kelly films Jim standing next to statues (and not-ready-for-prime-time locals who might as well be statues) for segments that they'll cobble together later for upload or micro-festival documentary consideration. Either way, based on the duo's iffy camera work and Jim's cheesy, anyone-can-be-a-host demeanor, it's clear that this effort was doomed from the start. As a moviegoing experience, Willow Creek not only dares the swipers and the watch-checkers to sit still (indeed, to not get up and leave), but also to reconsider the entertainment value of their own DIY art projects in the process.
Goldthwait and company intentionally wear out their comedic welcome early on. By the time Jim and Kelly cross over the barrier into the wild, they're about as sick of each other as the locals and the audience are of them. Squabbling, back-tracking, and refusing to simply go home, even when they begin to see evidence of the big, scary monster--these two gave me flashbacks to the Blair Witch crew (minus the gallons of watery snot).
Just when the empathy meter is about to zero-out, the lovely and terrifying tent scene comes along to re-set the picture. Following a tender-yet-awkward marriage proposal, Jim and Kelly are awakened in the middle of the night by a strange noise in the distance. Jim turns on the camera and its mounted light, and tries to convince Kelly that he's heard something. Kelly begs him to go back to bed--until she hears something, too. It's faint, but real...possibly.
Goldthwait holds on this shot for nineteen minutes, as the actors react to things moving outside their thin walls, drawing closer and making creepy calling sounds. This segment is driven by uncertainty, evolving from "Is there a noise?" to "Is that an animal?" to "Is it getting closer?" to "Is this tent really fooling anyone?"
Looking at that last sentence, I can understand the chorus of dismissive sniffles that just emanated from a thousand bathrooms, home offices, and commuter trains. I assure you, reading this scenario is much different than experiencing it in a theatre with a rapt audience. Goldthwait, his crew, and especially Johnson and Gilmore take us on an emotional journey in the middle of Willow Creek that cannot be understated. It helps that the director began the project with a twenty-five-page script that didn't include any dialogue for this scene--and that he didnt' tell his performers exactly what he'd planned to do here (and I guess it didn't hurt that the movie was shot in the actual middle of nowhere, under conditions that would not be considered "luxurious", "comfortable", or even "safe" by most definitions).
This is the dramatic high point of the film, but it's not the end. That comes after our tired, scared, and utterly lost protagonists are forced to take shelter under a tree, in the rain, with only a camera and clothes to differentiate them from every other animal in the woods. Your big question now is, probably, "Do they find Bigfoot?"
The answer is, "I don't know." Jim and Kelly find something out there, and it may be the basis for the legend, but also may have nothing to do with ol' Sasquatch. Goldthwait ends his film on a startlingly ambiguous note that is full of possibilities and realism--two factors lacking in many found-footage pictures. The last couple minutes will undoubtedly frustrate casual fans, simply because the writer/director doesn't cheat. There are no cute title cards, fancy edits, or suddenly omniscient points of view here. We're watching what a hiker might find on a battered camera someday, which he or she will have picked up from a heap of shredded, weathered flannel. In placing the cherry atop his Reality TV-culture sundae, Goldthwait goes back to the well of a famous documentary about similar subject matter--which I won't name for fear of spoiling the ending altogether.
This is a big recommendation from me, but a tough one. Depending on your patience, understanding of the wider themes being addressed, and comfort with movies sidestepping convention, Goldthwait's latest venture may or may not be for you. His is a beautiful example of the lost art of showing not telling, but not showing so much that the mystery gets trampled by a rote plot. There's so much to digest here that I saw the film a month ago and still find myself lost in Willow Creek.
tagged Willow Creek [2014]
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Pier Paolo Pasolini - writer and film director
Controversial figure who met violent death
Pier Paolo Pasolini courted controversy in his films,
his private life and his politics
The novelist, writer and film director Pier Paolo Pasolini was born on this day in 1922 in Bologna.
Pasolini's best-known work included his portrayal of Jesus Christ in The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964), his bawdy adaptations of such literary classics as Boccaccio’s Decameron (1971) and Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales (1972), and and his brutal satire on Fascism entitled Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom (1975).
He also wrote novels and poetry, made documentaries, directed for the theatre and was an outspoken columnist for the Milan newspaper Corriere della Sera, expressing political views that would regularly spark heated debate.
A former member of the Communist Party and openly homosexual, Pasolini died in violent circumstances in Ostia, near Rome, in November 1975, supposedly murdered by a young man he had picked up at the city’s Termini railway station, although there was some mystery around the incident and speculation over motives continues to this day.
The son of an army lieutenant, Pasolini lived in various northern Italian towns in his childhood, determined by his father’s postings. Family life was somewhat turbulent. His father spent time in prison over gambling debts but was also the man who detained Anteo Zamboni, a teenager suspected of attempting to assassinate Mussolini in 1926.
The house where Pasolini was born in Bologna - now an
office of the Guardia di Finanzia, is marked with a plaque
Pasolini graduated from the University of Bologna and began to pursue an interest in writing poetry that he had nurtured since the age of seven, inspired by the beauty of Casarsa della Delizia, a town in Friuli and the home of his mother’s family. He published his first volume of poetry in 1942.
He attributed his mostly Marxist politics to his experience of the oppressed peasant communities around Casarsa. His 19-year-old brother Guido, a member of the anti-Fascist Partito d’Azione, was accidentally killed in by partisans in an ambush.
After 1945, Pasolini worked as a secondary school teacher in nearby Valvasone but his activities as a Communist Party member made him a controversial figure and he was eventually forced out of his job by the local Christian Democrats, whom he accused of manufacturing a scandal that saw him charged with the "corruption of minors and (committing) obscene acts in public places".
In January 1950, Pasolini moved to Rome with his mother Susanna to start a new life. He was later acquitted of both charges. They moved to the run-down suburb of Rebibbia, next to a prison, which provided the inspiration for his first novels, which dealt with the violent lives of poor proletarian immigrants living in often horrendous sanitary and social conditions, and his debut movie, Accattone (1961).
Pasolini taking part in a radio broadcast
in Rome in 1975
Prior to that he had worked variously as a teacher in Ciampino and a writer for Italian state radio before making the acquaintance of the director Federico Fellini, who employed him to help with the Roman dialect in both Le notti di Cabiria and La Dolce Vita.
Pasolini was prepared to tackle controversial subjects. Mamma Roma (1962), featuring Anna Magnani, which told the story of a prostitute and her son, was considered an affront to morality and widely criticised.
The Gospel According to St Matthew (1964), which won awards at both the Venice Film Festival and BAFTA, also attracted criticism, portraying Christ as a revolutionary ‘Red Messiah’, but Pasolini vowed to direct it from the "believer's point of view" and the Catholic Church has since described it as “the best film ever made about Jesus Christ.”
He attracted criticism for different reasons with his sex-laden Decameron (1971), The Canterbury Tales (1972), and Il fiore delle mille e una notte (literally The Flower of 1001 Nights, released in English as Arabian Nights, 1974), his Trilogy of Life, which celebrated the human body while commenting on contemporary sexual and religious mores and hypocrisies. They were hugely popular, Decameron and The Canterbury Tales winning awards at the Berlin Film Festival, although Pasolini later regretted his association with them, because the many softcore imitations of the films made him uncomfortable about their success.
His final work, Salò or the 120 Days of Sodom (1975), exceeded what most viewers could accept at the time in its explicit scenes of intensely sadistic violence. A satire on Fascism - Salò being the name of the Fascist ‘republic’ Mussolini set up in northern Italy in a desperate attempt to cling to power - it is based on the novel 120 Days of Sodom by Marquis de Sade, and is considered Pasolini's most controversial film.
Willem Dafoe starred as Pasolini in the 2014
film about his life directed by Abel Ferrara
Despite evidence that more than one person was involved, only Giuseppe (Pino) Pelosi, the young man he supposedly picked up, was convicted of his murder. Pelosi was caught after police stopped him as he sped from the scene in Pasolini’s Alfa Romeo.
The autopsy indicated that the director had been run over by the car on the beach as Ostia, having first been severely beaten with blunt instruments. Pelosi confessed his guilt, claiming he attacked the director after refusing to be subjected to a particularly violent sexual act.
The verdict of the 1976 court hearing was that Pelosi “and unknown others” were guilty of the crime, although the “unknown others” did not appear in the wording when that verdict went to appeal.
Speculation about alternative motives began almost immediately and intensified when, 29 years later, Pelosi retracted his confession. He said he had made it under the threat of violence to his family and claimed that the crime had been committed by three people regularly seen at the Tiburtina branch of the neo-fascist party Movimento Sociale Italiano (Italian Social Movement).
The conspiracy theorists discussed extortion following the theft of a number of reels of film from Salò as one explanation, while others suspected a political motive.
Franca Rame, who married the playwright
Dario Fo and became a political activist
In his columns in the Corriere della Sera, long before the Tangentopoli enquiry led to the collapse of Italy’s then deeply-corrupt political establishment, Pasolini said that the leadership of the ruling Christian Democratic party should stand trial, not only for corruption and links with the Mafia, but for association with neo-fascist terrorism, such as the bombing of trains and a demonstration in Milan.
Also, at the time of his death, Pasolini was working on a novel, Petrolio, that was clearly based on the mysterious death of Enrico Mattei, the former president of the state oil company ENI, which suggested that the scandal went to the heart of power via the involvement of the illegal masonic lodge Propaganda Due.
Attacks on left-wing activists were relatively common in the 1970s. For example, Franca Rame, the actress wife of the playwright Dario Fo and a prominent member of the Italian Communist Party, was kidnapped and raped by a group of neo-Fascists in 1973.
However, though the Pasolini case was reopened in 2005, no new conclusions were reached.
In 2014 the director Abel Ferrara made a biopic about Pasolini, with Willem Dafoe in the lead role, which was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 71st Venice International Film Festival.
The ruins of the Roman city of Ostia Antica are better
preserved than Pompei yet are much less well known
The seaside resort of Ostia, where Pasolini’s life ended so tragically, lies 30km (19 miles) to the southwest of Rome, situated just across the Tiber river from Fiumicino, home of Rome’s largest international airport. It adjoins the remains of the ancient Roman city of Ostia Antica, a much-better preserved site than volcano-ravaged Pompei occupying around 10,000 square metres, radiating from a mile-long main street. There are many houses and apartment blocks, plus warehouses and public buildings, and an impressive amphitheatre.. Many Romans spend their summer holidays in the modern town, swelling a population of about 85,000.
The church of Santa Croce and San Rocco, where the
funeral for Pier Paolo Pasolina took place in 1975
Casarsa della Delizia is a town in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, about 40km (25 miles) west of Udine and about 18km (11 miles) from Pordenone. It is today an important agricultural centre, particularly for wine production, and an important rail hub. Until the end of the Cold War saw numbers reduced, it hosted a large number of Italian military personnel. Pasolini’s funeral took place in the parish church of Santa Croce and San Rocco, before his body was buried in the municipal emetery. The church of Santa Croce and San Rocci contains a cycle of 16th century frescoes by Pomponio Amalteo or by Pordenone.
What made Francesco Rosi one of Italy's most influential film-makers
Why the death of Enrico Mattei remains an unsolved mystery
Laura Betti, the actress and singer who became Pasolini's companion
1696: The birth of painter Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
1827: The death of scientist Alessandro Volta
1834: The birth of 19th century opera star Marietta Piccolomini
Selected books:
Stories from the City of God: Sketches and Chronicles of Rome 1950-1966, by Pier Paolo Pasolini
A Violent Life (novel), by Pier Paolo Pasolini
(Picture credits: plaque by Renaud Camus; Ostia Antica street by Camelia.boban; church by Intoinside)
Labels: 1922, Anna Magnani, Cinema, Federico Fellini, Film, Francesco Rosi, Movies, Pier Paolo Pasolini
Dante Giacosa - auto engineer
Castruccio Castracani - condottiere
Joe Sentieri - singer and actor
Tina Anselmi - ground-breaking politician
Guido Menasci - poet, librettist and biographer
Pope Pius VII crowned
Giuseppe Mercalli - seismologist
Gabriele Ferzetti - actor
Cesare Beccaria - jurist and criminologist
Bruno Conti - World Cup winner
Franco Basaglia - psychiatrist
Bettino Ricasoli - statesman and winemaker
Baldassare Peruzzi - architect and painter
Charles Ponzi - fraudster
Pietro Canonica - sculptor
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First train of taconite to Silver Bay, Reserve Mining Company, 1955.
After the discovery of taconite in the late nineteenth century, scientists struggled to find ways to extract iron ore from this sedimentary rock, which contains 25 to 30 percent iron. The process that was eventually developed involves crushing the hard rock into a powder-like consistency. The iron ore is then removed with magnets and turned into pellets.
By 1955, the Reserve Mining Company complex was built to extract iron from taconite. A new town, Silver Bay, was constructed to support it. For every ton of iron ore produced, however, two tons of waste material was left over. The Reserve Mining Company dumped the waste material, called tailings, into Lake Superior. Permits to do this were approved by the state.
The waste material was initially considered no more harmful than sand. But by the late 1960s, local environmental groups, commercial fishermen, and sport-fishing groups began to complain about the taconite sediment. They argued that the tailings were killing fish, permanently clouding the pristine waters, and spoiling Lake Superior as a fresh water source for Duluth and the surrounding communities.
Environmental organizations, scientists, and lawyers made the case that the tailings not only polluted Lake Superior, but that they contained cummingtonite-grunerite. This substance is found in asbestos, a known cancer-causing agent.
On February 17, 1972, on behalf of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against the Reserve Mining Company in U. S. District Court in Minneapolis. This led to a trial that would last over a year. Appeals dragged the case on until 1980. Judge Miles Lord presided over the court.
Pretrial arguments took a turn in June 1973. The federal government called a specialist in asbestos exposure, Dr. Irving Selikoff, from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. Dr. Selikoff argued that the lake contained asbestos-like fibers. He also said he thought a thorough study should be done on the effects of the lake water on the human body. Judge Lord put Dr. Selikoff’s testimony under an order of secrecy, but the information wasn’t contained. Eventually Lord allowed the EPA to issue an asbestos warning to the public.
The asbestos issue defined the trial when it officially began in August of 1973. The public, already alarmed by reports of asbestos deaths around the country, was fixated on the trial. It was also covered in the national press.
The Reserve Mining Company claimed that it was impossible to dump the tailings on land. During the trial, however, subpoenaed documents showed that Reserve had already examined dumping the sediment on land as an alternative method of disposal.
Both the federal government and Reserve relied on a prestigious lineup of scientists to buttress their case. After months of testimony, Judge Lord decided that dumping the tailings into Lake Superior posed serious health and environmental threats. In April 1974 he ordered the plant shut down.
The plant was closed temporarily. But a federal appeals court allowed Reserve to reopen the mine and to continue dumping in the lake until the company could find a new disposal method. In 1980, Reserve began to deposit waste in an inland pond. This practice continues with the companies that mine taconite today.
The ruling in The United States of America v. Reserve Mining Company was considered a landmark decision. It gave the EPA broader powers to regulate corporate pollution, a practice unheard of before the lawsuit.
Schilling, Jr., Peter. "United States of America v. Reserve Mining Company." MNopedia, Minnesota Historical Society. http://www.mnopedia.org/event/united-states-america-v-reserve-mining-company (accessed July 17, 2019).
First published: June 24, 2013
Associated Press. “Judge Will Close Lake to Reserve’s Discharges.” Minneapolis Star, February 27, 1974.
Bastow, Thomas R. “This Vast Pollution…” United States of America v. Reserve Mining Company. Washington, D.C.: Green Fields Books, 1986.
Davis, E.W. Pioneering with Taconite. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1964.
Hodierne, Robert. “EPA asks Justice Department to Sue Reserve Mining for Tailings Disposal.” Minneapolis Star, January 20, 1972.
Wright, Frank. “Suit Filed Against Reserve.” Minneapolis Tribune, February 1, 1972.
Associated Press. “Reserve is Urged to Seek Accord.” Minneapolis Tribune, January 18, 1974.
Lewis, Finlay. “U.S. to Ask Prompt End to Reserve Discharges.” Minneapolis Tribune, June 15, 1974.
Meier, Peg. “Workers Contemplate Reserve-less Future.” Minneapolis Tribune, April 22, 1974.
“Mining Firm Debates Legal Options.” Minneapolis Tribune, April 22, 1974.
McConagha, Al. “Reserve Tailings are Called Lake Threat.” Minneapolis Tribune, June 8, 1973.
Parsons, James. “Trial Date in Reserve Pollution Case Set.” Minneapolis Tribune, June 21, 1973.
Rebuffoni, Dean. “Judge Calls Tailings ‘Public-Health Menace’.” Minneapolis Tribune, February 6, 1974.
———. “Judge Lord says Reserve Closing Would be Harmful.” Minneapolis Tribune, March 1, 1974.
———. “Judge Orders Reserve Provide Alternative Disposal Plans.” Minneapolis Tribune, January 30, 1974.
———. “Judge to Order Reserve to Halt Use of Lake.” Minneapolis Tribune, February 27, 1974.
———. “Lord Accuses Reserve Officials of Bad Faith.” Minneapolis Tribune, April 25, 1974.
———. “Report Says Asbestos Fibers Found in Duluth Drinking Water.” Minneapolis Tribune, June 16, 1973.
———. “Reserve Can Plan On-Land Disposal.” Minneapolis Tribune, February 8, 1974.
———. “Talks May Bring End to Taconite Discharges.” Minneapolis Tribune, February 2, 1973.
———. “‘Unpredictable’ Judge Kept Courtroom Guessing.” Minneapolis Tribune, April 22, 1974.
“Reserve Given 70-Day Stay on Tailing Discharge.” Minneapolis Tribune, June 5, 1974.
Reserve Mining Company Case Files, 1895–1990 [bulk 1947–1980]
Minnesota, Attorney General, Natural Resources Division
http://www2.mnhs.org/library/findaids/ag0014.xml
Description: Legal and court documents relating to permits and litigation over Reserve Mining Company's waste control procedures, particularly its disposal of taconite tailings.
Shellum, Bernie. “House Panel Votes to Ban Taconite Discharges.” Minneapolis Tribune, May 2, 1973.
United Press International. “Reserve Mining Ends Lake Waste Disposal.” Minneapolis Tribune, March 17, 1980.
Wolfe, Warren. “Reserve Employees ‘In Shock’.” Minneapolis Tribune, April 22, 1974.
City of Silver Bay. The History of Silver Bay.
http://www.silverbay.com/?page_id=8
“United States v. Reserve Mining Co.” Environmental Law Reporter.
http://elr.info/litigation/%5Bfield_article_volume-raw%5D/20481/united-states-v-reserve-mining-co
Minnesota Historical Society, History Topics. Taconite.
http://www.mnhs.org/library/tips/history_topics/24taconite.html
Entry 543 F. 2d 1210 - United States v. Reserve Mining Company. OpenJurist.
http://openjurist.org/543/f2d/1210/united-states-v-reserve-mining-company
Opening of the Mesabi Iron Range
From Sustenance to Leisure on Minnesota Land
Jenson v. Eveleth Taconite Co.
On February 17, 1972, on behalf of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Justice files a lawsuit against the Reserve Mining Company in U.S. District Court in Minneapolis, beginning a single trial that would last over a year.
University of Minnesota Professor E.W. Davis meets with executives of Republic Steel to discuss his revolutionary method of extracting iron ore from taconite.
Reserve Mining Company applies to the State of Minnesota to become a full-scale producer of iron from taconite. The state approves dumping taconite tailings into Lake Superior.
Reserve Mining Company begins production at the E.W. Davis Works in Silver Bay, Minnesota.
Minnesota Department of Health begins investigation into Lake Superior water near Silver Bay site. The information is not made public for ten years.
The federal government dispatches scientists from the National Water Quality Laboratory to study Lake Superior in the Duluth area.
Reserve Mining produces 12 percent of all iron in the United States.
A taconite study group, developed by several agencies within the Department of the Interior, issues a report recommending that Reserve Mining ceases its dumping of tailings in Lake Superior within three years.
The Lake Superior Enforcement Conference, organized to stop Reserve Mining from dumping tailings in the lake, holds its first meeting.
The Sierra Club sues to revoke Reserve Mining’s permits to dump tailings in Lake Superior.
State district Judge C. Luther Eckman allows Reserve Mining to continue dumping in Lake Superior.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is formed.
The EPA asks the Department of Justice to sue Reserve Mining Company, and in February, the complaint is filed. In April the trial begins in Minneapolis, with Judge Miles Lord presiding.
On June 15, Judge Lord allows the EPA to publicly release its findings on Reserve Mining’s discharges into Lake Superior. The information is widely reported across the state and the country.
Judge Lord rules against Reserve Mining and orders the Silver Bay plant closed as of 12:01 A.M., April 21. Post-trial hearings begin the very next day. Appeals and stays keep the plant open.
The Eighth Circuit court finds that the tailings dumped in Lake Superior pose a health threat, but the court refuses to reinstate Judge Lord’s order, so the plant remains open.
After years of appeals, the Reserve Mining Company completes construction of its Lax Lake tailings impoundment, an inland dumping ground for taconite tailings, and the release of tailings into Lake Superior ends.
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Mezmerize
Mezmerize is the fourth album by System of a Down and the first half of the Mezmerize/Hypnotize double album. It was released on May 17, 2005, six months before Hypnotize. Despite the time difference between releases, the album actually takes its name from the lyrics in the song Hypnotize; Mezmerize and Hypnotize were recorded within the same time frame. The album features guitarist Daron Malakian sharing most of the vocal work with vocalist Serj Tankian, splitting the vocals at least halfway on most of the tracks.
Soldier Side - Intro
B.Y.O.B.
Revenga
Cigaro
Radio/Video
This Cocaine Makes Me Feel Like I'm On This Song
Violent Pornography
Sad Statue
Old School Hollywood
Lost in Hollywood
© 2018 mp3jack.in
A free, fast and powerful music indexer. Disclaimer
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Homeland – Season Four Finale
It’s been a couple of weeks since Season Four of Homeland finished, and I posted on Facebook at the time that I thought this Guardian review was generous.
I posted that the final episode was botched together after they learned that they had got the money for Season 5… and perhaps I should explain that a little more with some wild and completely unsubstantiated speculation...
So let’s imagine it’s early in the first US transmission, and the writing team are meeting to agree the trajectory of the final episodes of Season Four which still have to be shot. The ratings aren’t going particularly well, and it looks like they won’t get the money for Season Five. So they say to hell with it, let’s finish it with a bang…
Let’s kill Saul off before he can get out of Pakistan. Then Quinn kills Haqqani with a pipe bomb attack, and goes down in a hail of bullets. Carrie watches him die helplessly, goes home to mourn him and her father both, but takes on the role of mother to her child after leaving the CIA.
Brilliant! Action packed to the finale, all tied up in a tragic-but-happy ending that makes complete sense with what’s gone before, with Carrie finally out of the self-destructive job. The End.
Then they start showing the episodes with the attack on the embassy, and suddenly there’s a huge surge in ratings. The cash tills ring and the studio execs demand more… suddenly the money is on the table for Season Five. Uh-oh, but everybody dies, or retires! Quick! Rewrite! Reshoot!
So they fudge the last episode and the final couple of minutes of the penultimate one with completely new material. Saul doesn’t die. Quinn is persuaded by Carrie not to blow up Haqqani (really?), and lo and behold – deux ex machina grinding audibly in the background – it’s all ok, the CIA have it covered after all! Dar Adal is in the car with Haqqani!
Implausible. Unlikely. Improbable… and lots of other synonyms.
Then they have to shoot a new final episode, back in the US with none of the locations they have used for the rest of the season. So they come up with the ridiculous mechanic of the mother turning up.
“Good drama tends to let characterisation guide the plot, so to have such a significant figure turn up merely to help Carrie learn a couple of life lessons was very weak indeed,” said the Guardian. No s##t.
I rest my case. And on to the Game of Thrones, which I got for Christmas…
Never Go Back
One of those questions that you get asked pretty regularly as a writer is... what do you read? The short answer is not as much as I’d like these days, while the slightly longer answer is the same stuff that I write. I’ve always been a big thriller reader, ever since I discovered that there were James Bond books as well as movies...
I’ve just finished Never Go Back, the latest but one of the Jack Reacher series from Lee Child, one of the top thriller writers of this generation. There are now 19 of these books, one a year from when he started. While Child maintains a very even level of quality in the books that I have read, I have to say that this wasn’t the strongest ending I’ve ever seen.
In fact, it was pretty feeble – I’m not going to spoil it for you, but it led me to start thinking… what is it about writers that people keep going back to them even when they have just delivered a bad book? Not that Never Go Back is a bad book, it’s just a poor ending – but I’m already cue-ing up the new one, regardless of my disappointment. Never Go Back is prophetic, I will, even if I shouldn't...
It’s simply not true to say that you are only as good as your last book.
I think the willingness to stay with an author has something to do with the amount of time we invest in a book. If a movie’s rubbish, it’s a couple of hours you aren’t going to get back. If a book’s rubbish, or has a disappointing ending, it’s the best part of a day that we’ve wasted.
Now – if we take into account that the vast majority of readers only read a couple of books a year – we start to see why they are so conservative. If you were only going to have two cups of coffee in 2015, you’d make damn sure that they were good ones.
It’s not surprising that breaking down this conservativeness in book selection is nigh on impossible. The only chink is to appeal to the much smaller proportion of people who read a lot – they are the only ones who will take a risk on the new. And to do that, I’m starting to think that you really have to write for a niche. And then market hard to that niche. Everyone else just wants to read the same stuff as everyone else. Bad endings or not.
Back on the Blog
I just checked the date of the last post on this blog and it’s the 28th March 2014. It’s just over six months ago, and it happens to be the day when my wife and I moved with our eight month old son to our new house.
It wasn’t far. The new house is in the same village as the old house. It’s probably no more than a hundred metres as the crow flies. That didn’t make it any less stressful. It was pouring with rain. The sellers were late moving out. The boy was tired and grumpy.
Then we got the keys, walked inside, and had one of those oh my god moments. We had a lot of work to do. In comparison to replacing the leaking conservatory and the ancient boiler, fixing dodgy taps and dripping cisterns, changing carpets, painting outside and inside… In comparison to this, blogging didn’t seem that important. Nor did writing books. Or even reading them. Even my beloved twitter account lay dormant for a long, long while…
Sometimes life just gets in the way, but I’m pleased to say that this particular slice of life is now over. The house is cosy and functional and ready for the winter storms that already seem to be whistling around my new office in the attic. I got the new novel out again today, dusted it off, and started writing. I’m half-way through reading a cracking Jack Reacher and I might even have restarted twittering... and next month, I’m going to blog about writing again.
Last Lines…
I blogged about opening lines of novels a while back, but the endings are just as interesting, if not more so. The Huffington Post recently gathered together some of their favourites, and it’s an article worth a look. There are some fantastic last lines, I think my favourites from this list would have to be either from F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby; "So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past." Or from George Orwell’s Big Brother; "He loved Big Brother". The latter is so wonderfully bleak – something that contemporary film studios could learn from – whatever happened to the brutal, unhappy endings?
Another that pushes those two close is this one; “The offing was barred by a black bank of clouds, and the tranquil waterway leading to the uttermost ends of the earth flowed sombre under an overcast sky – seemed to lead into the heart of an immense darkness.” Where else could that come from but The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad?
What about you, any favourite last lines?
This is also a good moment to fess up to a guilty secret. I lifted the last line of my first novel, The Defector, from my favourite book. It fitted perfectly - ‘Sometimes you just know these things’ - and it seemed like a suitable tribute to pay to a book that kinda changed the path of my life. So can anyone out there guess which book it comes from, and does anyone have a copy on their real or virtual shelf?
Cool Gus and the Existential Crisis
They say that having children changes your life and they are right – but the bald statement does nothing to prepare you for the moment when that gurgling, crying bundle is in your arms for the first time. It would take a book to communicate just what that means and how your life changes over the ensuing weeks and months, and I’m sure there are lots of good ones... but don’t hold your breath waiting for mine.
Some of the consequences of Aiden’s arrival became clear very quickly; the regular trips to the gym, the surfing and paddle-boarding, movie nights and bike rides all went immediately. Eating out with my wonderful wife survived a bit longer, at least until regular child bedtimes became a necessity. Reading and watching tv struggle on in the gaps in the household routine, at least when I don’t just keel over with the sheer overwhelming exhaustion of it all.
Babies absorb the time and energy of their parents like black holes absorb light. Get over it. All of the above were luxuries and I know that one day those things will be back in my life. Meanwhile, I have the joy of the smiles, laughter and astonishing growth and development of my little boy to weigh against what’s gone.
Other consequences have been slower to emerge. For a while now I’ve pursued a career as a novelist around the edges of a career as a journalist and non-fiction writer. Followers of this blog will have watched my thrillers transition from big trade publishing houses to independent- or self-publication. I’ve charted the process of commissioning covers and editors, of formatting, finding translators, booking adverts and writing blurbs.
It’s been a blast and before Aiden, I had time to do all this and to write the books. But suddenly time has become a lot more precious and I now find myself making choices that I don’t want to make. Should I reformat the backlist to include links to the newly published book, or write another 500 words on the work-in-progress? Should I book an advert and run a price promotion, or write another 500 words on the work-in-progress?
I’ve been choosing the former (and the short-term gain) far too often. The consequence has been that the work-in-progress just isn’t progressing. I’m a lot less philosophical about that than I am about the surfing and movies; writing fiction isn’t so much a luxury as a fundamental part of who I think I am… cue a minor existential crisis.
All this was in my mind when I was flicking through my blogroll over the Xmas holidays, and I found Bob Mayer talking about expanding his Cool Gus publishing list in 2014. I’ve been a regular follower of the work of Bob and his partner Jen Talty for a couple of years now, and I very much like what they do, how they operate and their strategic view of the fast-changing publishing world.
So I emailed them the same day, we chatted a bit on email and then on Skype, and to cut a long story short, I’m very pleased to say that Cool Gus will be taking over the publication of all my novels, old and new, starting right now. Jen is already working on new covers (the first of which you can see here, a stunning new cover for Powder Burn), and you will soon start to see the changes roll out on Amazon, in the iBookstore and on the Nook.
There will be so many advantages to this that I barely know where to start - editorial support and help, new energy and ideas for marketing, great production facilities... and of course - although we still have a lot of work to do to get the new editions out - it will soon leave me much more time to write new fiction. I can’t wait to get back to it... :-)
Traveller Tim
I never had any intention of being a teacher. My father was a maths teacher and so was my wife. I’ve seen more than enough of the modern British state education system to know that I wanted no part of it – too much red tape, and not enough time with the kids – but state schools aren’t the only place you can teach. I was a sailing instructor on Sydney Harbour for a while, but that hardly counts. And I did a fair bit of coaching when I was a professional sailor. Again, it doesn’t really count. I certainly never had any intention of teaching writing.
So it was a bit of a surprise when Sandy, the owner of Sea Sky Art, the local art gallery, suggested that I might like to run some creative writing classes in her studio – just a short course of five weeks. It ended up being three short courses of five weeks each, held during last winter and spring, and it also ended up being a lot of fun. This week I held in my hands the first fruits of those labours.
I joined Roy Young and his wife Carol in a local pub for a quick drink and was handed a pristine copy of The Adventures of Traveller Tim – a children’s book. Roy was working on the manuscript last winter and we spent a lot of time workshop-ing the opening chapter. Just over a year later he’s finished the book, had it edited, and then published via Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing and CreateSpace programs. He’s understandably proud of it, and so am I. It’s now on the TBR pile on the bedside table. Just where your copy should be J.
The Fickle Finger of Fate
Every now and again I get an email from Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) team. Usually these are bringing my attention to some discrepancy or other in one of the 11 books I have published with KDP, often requiring swift remedial action. A recent one required me to check the HTML coding that I had used on my book description pages, and to do it in less than 24 hours. They were about to change the way the website presented the HTML, and if I didn’t get it sorted… well, quite frankly, my book pages would look crap… or words to that effect.
So when I see these emails pop into my inbox I open them with some trepidation. Whatever I was expecting from the one that arrived a couple of days before the end of October, it wasn’t this…
“We are considering including your book: Il disertore in an upcoming promotion in the Amazon.it Kindle Book Store.”
Promotion? In the Amazon.it store? I read on with a churning stomach. I’ve written previously on the joys of Indie-pub translation, and the Italian edition of The Defector is one of the results of that part of my not-so-master-plan. The lovely Ina Uzzanu approached me after I blogged on the topic and offered to translate one of my books. We talked, chose The Defector, did a royalty-based deal, and it’s been selling steadily in quantities that often have it hovering around the top 1,000 books – but this was an opportunity to hit a whole new level.
Il disertore was to be part of the ‘Offer of the Month’ promotion along with a number of other thrillers. A swift reply was required, and I said yes without any further thought. The fickle finger of fate had chosen me – I had no idea why, but I wasn’t about to blink. I went for the maximum discount for maximum sales and chart exposure, got the thumbs up from the KDP team and sat back to wait.
On the 1st November Il disertore appeared for sale at 99c on the Offer of the Month page and I stopped breathing.... how would I do against some impressive opposition in the promotion?
http://www.amazon.it/b/ref=br_lf_m_2398806031_grlink_3?ie=UTF8&node=2398806031&plgroup=3
I’m writing this just short of three weeks later, after Il disertore has been in the promotion for 19 days, and in the Top 100 on the Amazon.it chart for two weeks.
http://www.amazon.it/Il-disertore-Mark-Chisnell-ebook/dp/B00AOCH6R4/
I think it’s fair to say that it’s been a success, although I guess the real test will be to see how well the book does once the promotion is over – but with 15 reviews and 4.3 stars I’m hoping it will hang around in the charts for a little bit longer.
The next question is... how do I get into the same promotion at Amazon.de, Amazon.co.uk and lordy help us... the motherlode at Amazon.com??
If I ever find out, I’ll let you know...
The Non-Promo Launch
It was back in April that I wrote a blog post for Author’s Electric on the process of promotion that I undertook ahead of the publication of my new thriller Powder Burn. By September I had a short story on the blocks and ready to go; called The Sniper, it’s a prequel about the antagonist in my Janac’s Games thrillers. I had a cover, blurb, and an edited and formatted manuscript. What I did not have was time to do any promotion. Since I could not see how things were going to improve any time soon, I was left with a choice of holding back the book indefinitely, or going ahead and publishing with essentially no promotion or marketing.
I chose the latter for three reasons:
1. I’m impatient.
2. I thought it would be interesting to see what happens when you just push a book out on the major ebook websites without any marketing support.
3. My eventual plan for the book is to drop the price to zero and run it as a loss-leader for the Janac’s Games series, and so I knew I would have a second chance at the marketing when the price goes to zero.
So by way of an experiment, I hit publish on the 25th September, sent out a few tweets announcing the book’s arrival, posted links to the various sales pages on Facebook and that was about it. I sat back and waited to see what happened. And now I can report the results of the experiment.
Nada. Nothing. Zippo. Zero and Zilch.
I think I have sold about ten copies in total across Amazon, and I doubt it's done much better at B&N, iBooks and all the rest, although I won't know for a while as their sales reporting is much slower. And this is for a series book whose other members have been downloaded or sold in the hundreds of thousands. It appears from this one example that I either play the promotion game, or remain unread. So I will be working much harder at the marketing when the price goes to zero in a few weeks time...
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Tags Vietnam, action and adventure, suspense, thriller, war story
A Midlist Career or Immortality?
My wife, Tina has just started a portrait photography business and while she was working to get it all set up I posed her a question – would you rather: take pictures that live on forever, but never make a living as a photographer; or, leave nothing artistic behind you, but live a good life, working daily as a photographer? At the time I couched it in these terms – who would you rather be; Vivian Maier or Jasmine Star?
If you’re not a photography fan-boy or –girl, then Vivian Maier is the American nanny whose street photography was only discovered by accident years after her death, and then published to great critical acclaim. Jasmine Star is the marketing wunderkind who single-handedly made wedding photography fashionable (along with a great deal of money) by a spectacularly effective talent for social media. I don’t think anyone expects her wedding pictures to be in the NY Met in fifty years time.
Tina – who is very practical – answered Jasmine Star without missing a beat. And then told me that the question would make a good topic for a blog... so here I am. In fact, I was reminded of the conversation and the prospects for a blog earlier this month when I read a post from one of my favourite writers on the business of writing – Kathryn Rusch. She was concerned with the distinction between the one-book-writer and the career-writer. The one-book-writer doesn’t care if they never make any money, or never get to leave the day job. They simply want the satisfaction of seeing their words in print, their name on the bookshelves, and preferably lauded in the review columns of the national press. The career-writer cares little for good reviews except where they help bring in the readers (1,500 5* reviews on Amazon for instance) and pay the bills. The career-writer is just that – in it for the career, making it work as a day job.
In her article, Rusch wanted to make the distinction between the career-writer and the one-book writer because the choice leads to fundamentally different decisions about the many opportunities and challenges that now confront the writer. She points out many of the ways in some detail, but essentially the career-writer will likely embrace the entrepreneurial possibilities of the eBook revolution and self-publishing. The one-book-writer will turn up their nose and keep submitting to agents and publishers. It’s all about validation for the one-book-writer, it’s all about being able to keeping the cheques coming in for the career-writer.
If you’ve read many of my posts here on Author’s Electric you won’t be long in realising that my wife and I are temperamentally suited as life-partners – I’m very much a career-writer. I’m all about novel-writing as a business, about paying the bills, about giving up the day job (which happens to be journalism and non-fiction writing). I’d pick Jasmine Star every time and I’ve fully embraced the entrepreneurial spirit of the eBook revolution. I’d always pick the freedom to do what I love every day for the rest of my life over success beyond the grave... but that’s me, what about you? Think carefully, because it’s an important choice to make before you go any further with your writing....
Violence for Writers
If nothing else it’s an eye-catchingly counter-intuitive title... and after all that baby-talk last month, I probably needed something gritty and thriller-ish to get back on message. It’s always a popular question when I tell people that I write thrillers; how do you know about the fighting and violence? I’ve had a stock reply for many years; the mostly middle-class reading audience only experiences violence through books, films and video games anyway, so as long as a story sticks to the conventions of the genre, no one is going to have much of a problem.
Most people seemed happy with the answer, but I was never entirely happy with that as the end of the research process. So I used to email questions to a friend who’s an ex-Royal Marine – what kind of weapons and strategy would you use to attack the bridge of a container ship? It turns out that that’s just the kind of simple question that gets you flagged on NSA and GCHQ watchlists...
Still, my friend’s answers were always helpful. I hope they gave the action-set pieces in my books a reasonable amount of authenticity – and the replies often came with entertaining holiday snaps of my friend; the one of him driving around Baghdad in a beaten-up sedan with an inflatable shark on the roof, and a semi-automatic dangling out of the window was particularly memorable...
I’m always on the look-out for ways to improve my writing though, and as the research is the best part of the job, I don’t need much of an incentive to read a book that might help. So when I saw this recommendation from Barry Eisler – a thriller-writer whose work I admire for its authenticity – I went straight out and bought it; ‘Violence: A Writer's Guide’ by Rory Miller.
Rory Miller is the author of several books on the impact and reality of violence, and speaks from lots of personal experience as a prisoner officer and martial artist – this is his blog. I wouldn’t be writing about the book if I wasn’t about to endorse and pass on the recommendation.
Miller starts his book by taking apart many of the assumptions that we writers, readers and movie-watches make about violence. We’ve all seen and know about the magazines that never run out - magically refilling with bullets every time the hero gets into trouble - but even movies heralded for their realism get it wrong somewhere. Everyone, says Miller, dies screaming for their mother. No exceptions. Well, maybe just Tom Hanks at the end of Saving Private Ryan (unlike the rest of the cast).
Did you know that ‘a man with a knife could consistently close a distance of seven yards and stab or slash faster than an officer could draw his firearm. This means that within seven yards, a knife is an immediate deadly threat.’ No, neither did I, but I have a feeling that it’s going to have an impact on an action-set piece that I write one day. I was finishing up my latest story (a short called The Sniper) when I came across Miller’s book, and so I went back through it to test its assumptions against my new knowledge. I didn’t do too badly, it’s a Vietnam War story and I had researched that conflict quite heavily before I started writing. Nevertheless, I still added and changed a few details, but I’m going to leave you to find them...
The Best Excuse
I had intended to write a blog this month about Rory A Miller's excellent book, 'Violence: A Writer's Guide'. I particularly wanted to look at its impact on my new 'Janac's Games' short story, 'The Sniper'... but all my good intentions went out of the window at 8.58 on the morning of 16th July, when my wife Tina and I welcomed our baby boy Aiden to the world, a month ahead of schedule.
To say that we weren't quite ready would be a small understatement, and in the last week we've been scrambling to finish preparing for Aiden's arrival (Buggy - tick; Cot - tick; Prepare Nursery - definitely not yet ticked; Nappies - fast running out) all the while learning how to look after our little one in his first few days in the world.
So instead of a short treatise on writing, research and violence, you'll have to settle for this rather gorgeous picture of my lovely wife and baby son. And I promise I'll be back with something more writerly next month...
The New Gatekeepers
In October last year I wrote a post called ‘Gatekeepers and Validators’ which was subsequently chosen for 'Sparks, A Year In E-Publishing - An Authors Electric Anthology2011-2012’. The gist of it was that there had been a power-shift in publishing. Twenty years ago, just a couple of handfuls of people in London and New York decided what the English-speaking public got to read. They were the editors, marketers and accountants of the ‘Big Six’ publishing houses, and the book buyers for the centralised bookselling chains.
If these people didn’t like a book, then there was precious little chance that anybody would ever read it. They controlled the gates to the front tables of Waterstones, WH Smiths, Borders, and Barnes and Noble. Without their approval and validation - and without a place on those tables - the number of books that an author would likely sell would be counted in dozens, rather than tens of thousands.
This situation has changed completely; Borders has gone, Barnes and Noble looks sickly, Random House and Penguin have merged and any writer that can’t get their work accepted by the big London and New York publishers can go to a fabulous range of new independent houses. Or they can simply do it themselves, via the direct sales channel to the reader that’s now been opened by Amazon, B&N, Kobo, Apple and other online sellers, using a myriad of ePublishing and Print on Demand services.
The central argument of that previous blog is summed up by this passage; ‘The gatekeepers are gone and the doors have been blown wide open - the slush-pile has moved from the in-tray of editors and agents, got itself a cover and a blurb and is now available online for the princely sum of 99p a pop. Or it’s free. Unfortunately, even if the notion of validation by the traditional gatekeepers was just smart business by big corporations, it still leaves us with the original problem. How do we decide what’s worth reading?’
My answer - just over six months ago - was simple; ‘The new validators are the people who should have had the job in the first place – the readers. Perhaps that’s why we are all fast ceasing to care about books getting the imprimatur of a publisher’s imprint. An endorsement of quality no longer needs to come from an editor in New York or London; it can come from five stars on Amazon. It can come when a complete stranger living several thousand miles away takes the trouble to write and post a four paragraph analysis and review of your book on B&N.com.’
If a week is a long time in politics, then six months is an eon in the current publishing industry. I think that my earlier conclusion is now starting to appear a little naive... some new gatekeepers are emerging. I mentioned on the comments to another previous post for Author's Electric that I might try advertising on Bookbub, as I had heard good things about it. I continued to hear good things about it, and ran a 99c sale promotion for The Defector with Bookbub at the beginning of May - as I mentioned on the blog at the time. The results on Amazon.com were good, hitting the top #400 on the paid chart. Much more interesting though was the result on B&N.com – a sales channel I’ve never got anywhere near cracking. Bookbub got The Defector into the top #100 overall, and eventually the book topped out at #58 - even briefly outselling '50 Shades...'
How do they do it? Bookbub is a very simple idea, whose commercial beauty comes from its huge scale. If you go to the website you will be given the chance to sign up for a daily email that will provide five or six suggestions for discounted books. It’s possible to tailor the email to specific genres. An author can sign up to be one of the promotional books in this email for any given genre.
So far, so what, I hear you say... There are probably dozens of websites doing this sort of thing. What makes Bookbub special? Two things; firstly, I mentioned the scale: 1 million subscribers. And the second is that they put some real editorial effort into the books that they promote. If they don’t think it’ll sell, they won’t run the advert.
It's spectacularly effective, but Bookbub aren’t the only game in town. The top end of the ‘Free’ Charts on Amazon are usually dominated by whatever books Pixel of Ink and Ereader NewsToday happen to be promoting that day. Both of these websites are also picky about the books they list, and are also effective at pushing a book up the paid list. BookBub is just the first that I’ve seen that has some leverage at B&N. I suspect that this will soon extend - or maybe it already does - to the iBookstore and Kobo.
A handful of websites are now sufficiently powerful that they can push a book into the sales charts. So maybe these are the new gatekeepers? Fortunately, happy readers are still the only thing that will keep it there...
The Hero's Journey
I’ve been a fan of the thriller in all its forms since my Dad took me to see Diamonds are Forever at the local Odeon cinema. I subsequently inhaled the collected works of Ian Fleming, Alistair MacLean, John le Carre and many others as I was growing up. And more often than not, I would see the movies as well as reading the book.
I suspect that this is the reason that I tend to lean on films just as heavily as books when it comes to inspiration for my writing – flick through the reviews on my Amazon pages and you’ll find ‘filmic’ and ‘visual’ more often than ‘literary’. I’m fine with that, and I wanted to make the link even more explicit in this blog by talking about a fantastic tool for screenwriting that I use when plotting my books.
If you haven’t come across it before, then the Hero's Journey is probably the single most useful aid a writer can have when it comes to plot. Whenever I’m stuck, unsure about what might happen, or where the story should go next, I flick through the stages of the Hero's Journey and then go for a walk or do some washing up (my wife is a big fan of writer’s block). I can pretty much guarantee that the plotting problem will have been solved by the time I’m done with the exercise or the chore.
The Hero's Journey stems from the work of the American mythologist, Joseph Campbell whose essential notion was that many of the world’s great stories and myths share important patterns and structures. He pared these down into what he called a ‘monomyth’ and in 1949 published the idea in a book called The Hero with a Thousand Faces.
The elevator pitch for the Hero's Journey is that an ordinary person ventures from ordinary life into a more dangerous world, where many threats and obstacles are overcome before a decisive victory is won. The ordinary person returns home a hero, changed in ways that benefit the society she originally left.
The book was already an influential work when a gentleman by the name of George Lucas used it to inject plot and structure into a sci-fi movie called Star Wars – and from then on the Hero's Journey has never looked back as an inspiration for Hollywood screenwriters.
Its place in the pantheon was probably sealed by Christopher Vogler who, while working for Disney, wrote a seven page memo called ‘A Practical Guide to the Hero with a Thousand Faces’. It distilled Campbell’s work into a twelve-stage structure. The memo was such hot property that Vogler subsequently turned it into a book – The Writer’s Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers and more recently a website.
If you want to see how deeply the Hero's Journey is embedded in our modern movie culture, then check out this fantastic video in which Vogler explains the ‘monomyth’ with the help of some of the many films that have been inspired by it.
And next time you watch a film - or read a thriller, mystery or action adventure story (especially one of mine) - see how many elements of the Hero's Journey that you can spot. An easy one to start on is the Christopher Nolan reboot, Batman Begins... watch out for that Call to Adventure!
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About Covers and a Small Success...
I’ve got an unhealthy – or maybe it’s perfectly natural, given my career choices – fascination with book cover design. The topic comes up here pretty regularly, usually when I’ve just been working on one for the new book.
And guess what... designer Stewart Williams has just finished the cover of The Sniper, the new Janac’s Games book that will be out at the end of July.
It had to match the existing covers for The Defector and The Wrecking Crew, so the biggest problem was finding the right images to work with – and that proved tougher than I would have thought. We got there in the end though, after hours on photo stock libraries...
Meanwhile, I thought I’d enter the cover of Powder Burn to Joel Friedlander’s May book cover design competition – at the very least I thought it would interesting to get his feedback, as I’m a fan of his blog.
If you want to check out the winners for April, and have a look at some cool and some not-so-cool covers, click right here. We'll see how Powder Burn does next month...
The importance of a good cover cannot be underestimated. I was recently part of a promotion run by Bookbub.com (it's well-worth signing-up to get their alerts), and it boosted The Defector into the Top 100 on B&N.com. Most of those sales decisions are being made based on the cover and blurb – so I’m sticking to the same template for The Sniper. Now I just have to finish it!
April Review Round-Up
I don’t think I managed quite so much reading this month, what with Powder Burn coming out and starting work on the new Janac’s Games short story - called The Sniper.
I’ve just seen that the new B&N publishing system, called Nook Press, allows interaction with Beta readers, so this book might go out on Nook first, and then Amazon. Meanwhile, I did manage to read a couple of thrillers this month, both top notch books from top notch writers...
The Black Echo by Michael Connelly (Harry Bosch #1)
I picked this one up because it was a group read on Goodreads, and I’m very glad I did. The Harry Bosch books have been a huge hit and it’s easy to see why from this opening tale - Connelly nails his central character from the very beginning.
Harry Bosch is a Vietnam vet, a tunnel fighter, one of the handful of Americans that struggled to battle the North Vietnamese in the dimension that they totally dominated – underground. Harry’s also a nascent media star for breaking a couple of big cases and, thanks to consultancy work on translating those case histories into movies, he’s the owner of a (small) house overlooking the Hollywood studios. It’s a great backstory and Harry never fails to engage and hold the reader’s attention.
The terrific central characterisation of Harry is backed up by a fine portrayal of FBI Agent Wish as Harry’s sidekick/lover/and sometime antagonist. This is combined with a really solid plot -- I didn’t see the twist coming at all, although the hints were there – the central bank ‘caper’ has just the right amount of twists and complexity for a highly entertaining read.
If I had a reservation about the book it would be some pretty clunky dialogue. It’s a nit-picking point, but Connelly hasn’t (rather than ‘has not’) shortened any of the words in the speech. It makes lots of the characters sound pompous and formal. It might have been the way to do it in 1992 when the book was written, but it’s a definite negative now. I also had trouble with some of the minor characterisations, the IAD chief, Irving was a bit of a cliché for instance.
Overall, these are minor quibbles, and I had no problem giving the book four stars.
Without Fail by Lee Child
I’m a huge fan of Lee Child’s Jack Reacher series, and I think I might have mentioned previously on this blog that they were the inspiration for some aspects of Powder Burn and my new ‘Burn’ series. So I needed no encouragement to pick this one up when it was also chosen as a Goodreads group read. And as usual, I wasn’t disappointed.
Jack Reacher appeals to the angry and vengeful core in all of us – there are no judges or juries in Reacher’s world, just violent retribution dispatched swiftly, without compunction or mercy and, in this case, unusually cold-bloodedly.
The book was written right after the 9/11 tragedy and I think its influence can be seen in the way that in Without Fail it is acceptable for Reacher to assassinate the bad guys. In many of the other Jack Reacher books that I’ve read, Reacher’s own life is at stake from quite early in the story, and so the ruthless killing of the bad guys is softened morally by his need to survive. This is not the case in Without Fail where he could and should have left them to the Secret Service or the FBI – both agencies are intrinsic to the story – but instead goes after them with intent to kill.
Child does a good job of making this aspect as believable as possible, and as the issue only comes up at the very end, it doesn’t spoil what is otherwise a fine story. The rest of the book has the usual impeccable mix of tight plotting, tighter writing and great minor characters, and once again I had no problem awarding four stars.
Tags Lee Child, Michael Connelly, Novel, book, ebook, mystery, thriller
Powder Burn - Independently Publishing a Novel in 2013
It was back in September 2009 that I self- or independently-published my first novel, The Defector. It had been previously published by Random House in the UK and HarperCollins in Australia and New Zealand. I knew I had a clean manuscript, so it was just a matter of wrestling with the conversion from Word Perfect 5.1 to MS Word. When I’d figured that out, I read the Smashwords Style Guide to format the MS Word document. And then I loaded it onto the Smashwords website. I added a cover that had been designed by a friend and I was done. Ta-daa. Novel, meet world. World, meet novel. I sat back and waited to see what would happen.
Three and a half years later, publishing a novel independently is a rather different process. Some of the differences stem from the fact that the latest novels are new books that have never been published before. Others stem from the fact that the world has moved on. The process of publication for my latest book, Powder Burn went like this...
The book was read and analysed by my favourite structural editor a while back. I don’t know if that’s the correct name for it (or even if there is a correct name) but by structural editor I mean someone who goes through the book looking for weaknesses in the plot, lack of consistency in the characters, bad pacing – all that good story stuff. The structural editor does not care so much about grammar, never mind punctuation, their job is to analyse the structure of the story. I have to be really happy with the book before I get this edit done – I usually, foolishly, believe the book is finished - but they always spot something, often quite a big thing for the final rewrite.
I finished that rewrite over the New Year and as I think I mentioned previously, this was the last of eight drafts. In early January I was able to create some roughly formatted and unedited copies of the final draft. I asked for ‘Beta’ readers on my Facebook page, volunteers to read the book who would give me feedback. And I asked some trusted friends to do the same thing. In all, about twelve people read it over the next few weeks, and they all had at least one important contribution to the finished book.
While that process was going on, I searched for a cover designer. I’ve previously written about using 99designs.com for my covers, and although I’ve been happy with this I had been looking at other options and I really liked the work of Stewart Williams. I thought he was the right guy for the cover I had in mind. I’d noticed the new set of Thomas and Mercer (an Amazon imprint) covers for Ian Fleming’s 007 books, and really liked them. They use a white background and stand out against the almost uniformly dark covers that are currently fashionable. John Locke was doing something vaguely similar and I figured that these are two pretty savvy operators - perhaps white backgrounds and graphics was a bandwagon I should jump on.
Stewart liked those other covers too and was happy to work along those lines. We quickly struck a deal and he started work. It took three or four weeks to get the cover right, and during this time I was working on the changes to the manuscript suggested by my Beta readers. By the beginning of March, I had a cover and I had a story I was happy with – it was time for the manuscript to go to the copy editor. I use a guy in the States, Neal Hock and I had already scheduled the copy edit with him. Neal usually takes a week to ten days to complete the copy edit, and when the manuscript comes back I mostly just had to go through it clicking ‘Accept Changes’.
The final stage is the formatting and as I said, I used to do this myself. I’m still comfortable preparing the manuscript for Smashwords and Kindle Direct Publishing, but I decided to get some help with an ePub edition to load to the new Kobo direct publishing option, Writing Life. I used the same person that had previously done my CreateSpace PDFs, Heather at the CyberWitch Press – unfortunately, she’s closed to new clients, otherwise I’d recommend her, she’s wonderful.
Once I have the final files ready - Heather is working on them as this is published - it’s just a matter of loading them onto Smashwords, Kindle and Kobo and pressing go at the right time. For the Kindle that will be 3rd April. Of course, that’s when the real work begins. Back in 2009 I just sat and waited to see what happened next, this time I’ll be a little more proactive, but I’ll tell you about that next month.
The NFL - America’s Favourite Socialist Sport
It was a phrase that I’d heard in television interviews a few times, but only recently did I hear it for real - Obama’s turning this country socialist. I’m a Brit and (on this occasion at least) I was far too polite to argue with my American friend - hey, it’s not my country... But afterwards, it struck me that what I should have said (don’t you always think of the right response too late?) was that in one very high-profile arena, the USA has been running a socialist system for years. And as far as I’m aware, President Obama has nothing to do with the operation of the NFL, America’s favourite spectator sport.
In Europe, the top professional sport is football (or soccer) and it’s run on ruthless market principles. Television revenue for the top leagues is divided according to performance. And if a club has a bad enough season then relegation looms – the club drops down to a lower league and the money from spectators, television and all the other sports franchise income sources goes south with it.
The following season the relegated club has to compete to try to return to the old league, and do it with less of everything – money, good players and crowds. It’s a punishing regime, and teams can get into a spiral of failure and drop like a stone through successive leagues in successive seasons, some go bankrupt and disappear altogether. Like any rigorous capitalist system failure is brutally punished and success is hugely rewarded.
In contrast, the NFL rewards failure and punishes success in an effort to keep the teams evenly balanced. All revenue is shared more or less equally whether you have a good, bad or indifferent season. And there is just the one league with a (more or less) fixed set of teams – no relegation. Occasionally new franchises start and old ones fold or move, but most of the time if a team does badly they stay right where they are in the NFL. There is no punishment from the league itself for failure to perform... in fact, quite the opposite.
During the NFL’s off-season, the latest draft of players coming out of the college system are farmed out to the clubs – and the worse performing teams get the first pick of players. If they pick right, they get the best new players to kick-start the process of improvement. The NFL is run on a system designed to maintain equality, and to give every opportunity for improvement to those performing badly. Now, if that’s not a system run on socialist principles then I don’t know what is...
Of course, the NFL isn’t a country, it’s a sports league competing against other sports leagues - not to mention movies, computer games and even books - for the attention and cash of US citizens. And the competition for that attention is run on a ruthlessly capitalist system. Sports that don’t get enough attention suffer quickly and cruelly. The NFL is the most successful sport in America, so it’s interesting to note that in order to achieve success in a wider capitalist system, the NFL has adopted socialist principles for its internal functioning. I can’t help thinking that there might be other areas where this same approach could be applied. Like education. Or medicine.
A Thriller Reading Round-Up...
It’s been a busy month. I’m in the final stages of production for my new thriller, Powder Burn, and I’ve been reading quite a bit of non-fiction as research for a new Janac’s Games short story called The Sniper. It’ll be the next book after Powder Burn, and the first of several about Janac’s time in Vietnam. The idea is to track how he made it through the war, and developed contacts in that part of the world to build his drug empire. I thought I’d call them the Origins books to separate them from the main novels.
So, I’ve been reading various accounts of the Vietnam War, and remembering the nature of that horrific conflict. Long before there were suicide bombers in Iraq, there were sappers in Vietnam. I grew up in a world saturated with Second World War stories and movies, and I can still remember reading a newspaper headline announcing that American casualties had reached 50,000 in Vietnam. I was very young and I didn’t even know that there had been a war going on - how could that be possible? Wars were something that happened in the distant past, not now, and certainly not with America involved.
I remember it so vividly for two reasons; firstly it was a massive wake-up call to a child - I was new to this world and I needed to pay attention. I’ve been a huge follower of current affairs ever since. And secondly, as I learned more and more about Vietnam I began to slide from a belief in a black and white world of good and evil to one filled with shades of grey. Michael Herr’s book Dispatches was central to that coming of age. I still live in that world today, as anyone who has read the Janac’s Games books will know. It feels appropriate to be returning to the Vietnam War to tell more of his story.
All of which is a long way of saying that I won’t be reviewing the non-fiction. I had a go at one in the last blog round up, but I think I’d rather stick to reviewing what I know about - thrillers. And last month I read a couple of highly contrasting, but linked, books.
The Detachment by Barry Eisler
I first became aware of Barry Eisler after the controversy surrounding his decision to turn down a serious amount of money from a traditional publisher, in favour of bringing the books out himself. Subsequently, he accepted a deal with one of Amazon’s publishing imprints, and hasn’t looked back. Meanwhile, I became a fan of his blog; his writing on book marketing, the publishing industry and politics is always engaging, entertaining and usually right on the money.
I’m not sure why it has taken me this long to try one of his thrillers – I think it was the lack of availability as a reasonably priced e-book, something that Eisler is planning to fix. But having finally got to it, I’m happy to report that Eisler deserved every penny of whatever money Amazon threw at him – The Detachment is an excellent book by a man as fascinated with the shades of grey as I am.
Eisler has been writing about the assassin John Rain for a while, and this is the latest of those books. I guess it’s not an ideal place to start as I came into it with none of Rain’s backstory – but it didn’t matter. The book works perfectly well as a stand-alone thriller, while the writer still encouraged me to go back and read the earlier ones by making some adroit references to Rain’s previous adventures.
Barry Eisler’s bio says he worked for the CIA in a covert position, and it shows. Or, at least it shows as far as I – a civilian – can tell. The book has an incredibly authentic feel, that’s the first thing. The second is that it rips along at pace, with a rock solid and all-to believable underlying conspiracy at the centre of the plot. John Rain, the conflicted killer is a terrific central protagonist, and the other characters that make up The Detachment are all well drawn and keep you guessing. My pulse was racing in the final set-piece shoot up – only the denouement of Argo has matched that recently. I hope we see more of Rain, and the other characters in The Detachment, but I will most certainly be reading more Eisler either way – ‘nuff said about this one. Five stars.
Lethal People – by John Locke
Ironically, John Locke also came to my attention as a result of an ebook publishing controversy – he was one of the first really successful independents. He wrote a book called How I Sold 1 Million eBooks in 5Months! and I have a copy - I know, I know, sucker. I even read it, and I thought there was one interesting marketing idea and I went so far as to try it. It didn’t work. It turns out the book was probably b******s. Allegedly, Locke was successful because he had the cash from his other businesses to pay for 300 book reviews on Amazon, enough to get him off the launch pad.
I didn’t want to like this book, and to start with I didn’t – particularly coming to it off the back of the hyper-real Eisler book. The central character Donnie Creed is an assassin just like John Rain, but that’s where the comparison ends - there is nothing real about him. He has himself tortured to build up his resistance to pain, sleeps in other people’s attics to build up his skills at undetected intrusion, and otherwise lives in a prison cell so he’s used to it when he inevitably goes to jail. Right. Of course he does.
And then, with the help of a Goodreads friend, I got it. It’s not meant to be real or anything like it - this is black comedy, satire. And as such, it’s not bad at all – so long as you can get past the grim violence. The writing is uneven and could use a decent editor and personally, I didn’t find it laugh out loud funny. Nevertheless, Locke has created a very engaging character in Donnie Creed, and his first person narrative voice does keep you turning the pages. I doubt I’ll buy another one, as it’s not really my cup of tea, but I can see why Locke has sold a lot of books. Three stars.
About... Mark Chisnell
I've been thinking that it was about time to update the 'Bio' section on my website, which was a bit rambling and off the point. So I did, and then I thought I should post it as a blog, just in case there's anyone out there who's wondering why I'm doing this...
I grew up in a small town on the east coast of England, a town dominated by the rise of the oil industry and the decline of shipbuilding and fishing. I messed around in boats and read everything written by Alistair MacLean, Ian Fleming and many more like them – but the sea was a non-negotiable part of everyone’s life in that little town, and a future as some sort of marine engineer seemed inevitable.
And then I found a copy of Robert Pirsig’s Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance in a hill cabin in England’s Lake District. A mix of a hang-over and too much snow restricted any other activity – well, it was New Year – and so I read it over a couple of days.
The cover said it would change the way I thought and felt about the world, and the funny thing was... it did. Pirsig’s exploration of quality and values inspired me to drop my plans for engineering, and take philosophy along with physics at college. I also learned that books work - they’re important and they can change your life. I wanted to write one. I wanted to write lots.
Those were the days before 19-year olds got seven figure advances for Young Adult novels, and I (rather sweetly in retrospect) believed that I needed to know about the world before I could write about it - at least that was my excuse for buying a one-way ticket and, with US$400 in my pocket, climbing on the plane to Los Angeles.
By the time I got home three years later, I’d had a couple of travel stories published in the New Zealand Herald and the South China Morning Post. And I’d hitch-hiked to Mt Everest base-camp in Tibet. In Adidas trainers. It was either my greatest achievement, or the stupidest. A year later a fully-equipped British summit attempt was airlifted out from the same spot - cue icy chills down the spine when I read that news story.
I’d also got involved in the 1987 America’s Cup, a professional sailboat race. Before I knew it, I was being asked to fly around the world to glamorous places - Honolulu, San Francisco, Sardinia and the Caribbean - and being paid to race sailboats. It was an impossibly long way from the life I’d grown up to in that fishing and oil town – and far too good to turn down. The writing would have to wait.
It didn’t have to wait long. I quickly started to write about the sport I was so immersed in, publishing hundreds of thousands of words in books and articles on sailing, and winning a couple of awards along the way. And I started to think about a novel - I had an idea from all those philosophy lectures I had endured, a game of the Prisoner's Dilemma played for life and death. The Defector and then the rest of the Janac’s Games series grew out of that idea.
My goal for that first book and all my novels since was to keep the reader turning the pages, but to leave them with something to think about afterwards.
What will you do...?
The Defector was first published in the UK by Random House (as The Delivery), and got rave reviews in the trade literature. It was followed up by The Wrecking Crew, the second in what would become the Janac’s Games series. Initially, this second book was rejected by London publishers and it seemed that my fiction career was over – but I kept working at it, and a few years later HarperCollins in Australia and New Zealand published them both to coincide with what would be the last big contest in my sailing career, the 2003 America’s Cup in Auckland.
I realised that I had been given a second chance at my life’s dream of writing novels, but that this time I must fully focus on it. It was time to close the door on my sports career – I didn’t have the time or energy for both. What followed was a transitional decade, but I was still lucky enough to get involved in some very cool projects. I went to the Falkland Islands and South Georgia on a beautiful sailing boat. I got to write for some of the world’s leading magazines and newspapers, including Esquire and the Guardian, and I worked in television for a while, commentating and script-writing.
There was also a revolution in publishing going on. The Kindle and other eBook readers transformed the business opportunities for writers, and I was quick to take advantage of them to get control of the way my novels were published. The Janac’s Games books found success in the eBook formats, and were followed up by The Fulcrum Files – historical fiction of which I’m very proud - and then the first of the Burn series, Powder Burn featuring Sam Blackett, my favourite character to date. There will be more, lots more. Just like I hoped all those years ago.
A February first – a blog hop. It’s called The Next Big Thing (as you probably guessed) and if you haven’t come across one before (and I hadn’t) then the idea is straightforward - and not dissimilar to a chain letter.
I was tagged by the wonderful Nina Sankovitch, who’s a friend of one of my oldest university buddies, but also - and more importantly in this context - the reader of hundreds of books that she reviews on her website, Read All Day. Nina’s also a writer and her 2010 book, Tolstoy and The Purple Chair: My Year of Magical Reading was published by HarperCollins. It tells the story of her lifetime of reading, and of one magical year when she read a book a day to rediscover how to live after the death of her oldest sister. Read about Nina's next big thing right here. It’s a delight to be tagged by Nina.
So much for the preliminaries, onto The Next Big Thing, which in my case, is the soon-to-be-released (April 3rd) novel, Powder Burn.
What is the working title of your book?
Doh – just gave that away, Powder Burn! It’s the first of a new series of Burn books featuring Sam Blackett, a Vermont backcountry girl and wannabe investigative journalist.
Where did the idea come from for the book?
I’d always wanted to write a book with a kick-ass female hero, and when I saw Kill Bill I realised it was time to get on with it. I started well, but then life intervened - that was about ten years ago.
What genre does your book fall under?
It’s a suspense thriller.
Which actors would you choose to play the hero in a movie rendition?
A kick ass female hero? I guess Angelina Jolie virtually made that role her own for a while, but right now I’d take Jennifer Lawrence.
What is the one-sentence synopsis of your book?
If Dragon Tattoo’s Mikael Blomkvist and the Hunger Games’ Katniss Everdeen could have a love-child, she’d probably be a lot like Sam Blackett.
Will your book be self-published or represented by an agency?
It will be self-published. I’ve had some great agents in the past, but as something of a control freak, I get along a lot better now that it’s all my fault when it goes belly up. Or not.
How long did it take you to write the first draft of your manuscript?
About six months – and then another ten years for the next six drafts.
What other books would you compare this story to within your genre?
I guess you can probably tell from the one line synopsis that I’m hoping fans of The Hunger Games and the Millennium Trilogy will like the books – although those books set a very high bar for comparisons.
Who or What inspired you to write this book?
I took four sources of inspiration for this book, the movie Kill Bill got me going, so that’s one. I love the way Lee Child’s Jack Reacher moves around the USA and happens into an adventure wherever he lands up. I see the Burn series with Sam Blackett in the same light, she’s travelling, researching and looking for stories, and some of them are going to land her in a world of trouble. Thirdly, Stieg Larsson’s Millennium Trilogy (Dragon Tattoo etc) had a strength, independence and crusade-for-truth aspect to the investigations of Lisbeth Salander and Mikael Blomkvist that I wanted to capture. And finally, I think the first book in Suzanne Collins trilogy, The Hunger Games is possibly the best genre book I’ve ever read. The writing is so smooth, the action, characterisation, plotting and theme are all just so perfectly realised. I think it’s a model for how good genre books can be, and the one I look up to every day I sit down at the computer.
What else about your book might pique the reader's interest?
The movie rights of an earlier draft of the novel were optioned by Working Title Films - Les Misérables, Love Actually, Billy Elliot etc. – but now they’re available again, if anyone’s interested...
And now I get the huge pleasure of passing the torch to four of my favourite writers. Here they are (in alphabetical order) - go check 'em out!
Rachel Abbott has spent the majority of her working life running an interactive media company, designing and building software and websites, mainly for education. Her company was sold in 2000, and although she continued working for another 5 years, she also fulfilled a lifelong ambition of buying a property in Italy, and then found the time to fulfil her second ambition of writing a novel.
The book proved very successful, and by February 2012 it had reached #1 in the Amazon charts (all genres). It remained there for four weeks. It also hit the top spot on the Waterstones ebook charts, and remained there throughout August, September and most of October 2012. Rachel now has a publishing deal in the US and Canada, and the foreign rights in Only the Innocent have been sold in several countries, including France, Germany, Brazil and Russia. An audio version of the book is also in development.
Debbie Bennett has worked in law enforcement for over 25 years, in a variety of different roles (on the front-line and back in the office), which may be why the darker side of life tends to emerge in her writing. In 2005, she was long-listed for the Crime Writers Association Debut Dagger Award, which gave her the push to independently-publish the psychological thriller Hamelin’s Child, closely followed by a young adult fantasy novel and a collection of previously-print-published short stories.
The sequel to Hamelin's Child was published in January 2013. At present Debbie plays with police computers during the day. The rest of the time she’s working on a couple of other novels and several short stories.
Ruth Harris is a 1,000,000 copy New York Times and Amazon bestselling author and a Romantic Times award winner. Ruth’s highly praised fiction has "been called brilliant," "steamy," "stylishly written," "richly plotted," "first-class entertainment" and "a sure thing" and been translated into 19 languages, sold in 30 countries, and honoured by the Literary Guild and the Book Of The Month Club. In their e-book editions, Ruth's novels have risen to #1 on the Movers And Shakers List and been featured on Ereader News Today, Pixel of Ink and Kindle Nation Daily.
With her husband, Michael, Ruth indulges her wild side and writes bestselling thrillers with vivid characters, international backgrounds and compelling plots. Their thrillers have made numerous appearances in the top 3 of Kindle’s Movers & Shakers list. Publisher’s Weekly called Ruth's and Michael's thrillers "Slick and sexy with all the sure elements of a big seller written by pros who know how to tell a story.”
Scott Nicholson has written 15 thrillers, 60 short stories, four comics series, and six screenplays. He lives in the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, where he tends an organic garden, successfully eludes stalkers, and generally lives the dream. Entering the digital era with a vengeance, Nicholson is releasing original titles and collections while conspiring to release interactive books in the near future, building audio files, video, and collaborative fiction projects.
Nicholson won the grand prize in the international Writers of the Future contest in 1999. That same year, he was first runner-up for the Darrell Award. He studied Creative Writing at Appalachian State University and UNC-Chapel Hill. He has been an officer of Mystery Writers of America and Horror Writers Association and is a member of International Thriller Writers and inaugural member of the Killer Thriller Band.
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Duke of Cambridge discusses mental health at The Royal Marsden hospital
The Duke of Cambridge met with staff and patients to discuss mental health at The Royal Marsden Hospital in Chelsea, learning about the psychological support being offered to staff, patients and their families.
The Royal Marsden offers a full programme of psychological and emotional support, funded entirely by The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity, which provides psychological support from specialist nurse counsellors, a psychologist and a psychiatrist. There also includes a dedicated team for children and young people.
This programme runs alongside the traditional care patients receive from doctors, nurses and other health professionals.
Meeting Julie, who was treated at the Royal Marsden for throat cancer. Julie also received psychological support from @RoyalMarsdenNHS to deal with her relapse and treatment impact, together with speech and language therapy to get her speech and eating back to a ‘new’ normal. pic.twitter.com/GhEKXQ0GPm
— Kensington Palace (@KensingtonRoyal) July 4, 2019
The hospital's counselling support is also extended to any member of staff who is experiencing difficulties in their professional or personal life. As a cancer specialist hospital, staff at The Royal Marsden can find themselves experiencing sometimes harrowing or emotional situations and so the Trust has committed itself to ensuring that support, guidance and counselling are in place for anyone who needs it.
One of the staff members the Duke met during his visit was matron Aly Foyle, who had been diagnosed with stress, depression and compassion fatigue in December 2017. She explained to the Duke about the support she received from the trust while on sick leave, and following her return to work.
READ MORE: Prince of Wales joins forces with RCN to launch nursing cadet scheme
Ms Foyle explained: "“It was a very upsetting and difficult time but with the support of my family, GP and The Royal Marsden team, I not only got through it, I came back stronger than ever."
The Royal Marsden opened in 1851 as the world’s first hospital dedicated to cancer diagnosis, treatment, research and education. Now, it is the largest and most comprehensive cancer centre in Europe, treating and seeing over 50,000 NHS and private patients every year.
The Duke was keen to thank the hospital's staff for their work.
(Image credit: Frank Augstein/PA Wire/PA Images)
NHS Providers welcome continued investment in emergency mental health services
CQC welcomes improvements at Cornwall Partnership NHS Trust
The good, the bad, and the potential of social media
The impact of digital technology on mental health
Landmark mental health law will protect patients against excessive force after tragic death
Why Mental Health Week is every week
Clarity over ‘parity of esteem’ definition and 5% annual spending increase needed for mental health services
A push for digital in mental health
Driving improvement in South West London mental health
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News Statement by Archbishop Eamon Martin
Statement by Archbishop Eamon Martin
Newry Cathedral 26th March 2018 News
Archbishop Eamon Martin
“Today Pope Francis has accepted the resignation of Bishop John McAreavey as Bishop of Dromore. During this Holy Week my prayers are with the people, religious and clergy of Dromore and in particular with those who have been abused, and with all who are suffering because of abuse.
“I wish to acknowledge Bishop McAreavey’s nineteen years of service as a bishop. As president of the Irish Catholic Bishops’ Conference, I thank him for his generous contribution in a wide variety of roles as a member of the Bishops’ Conference during that time.
“As the bishops stated following their Spring 2018 general meeting earlier this month, the Church can never become complacent concerning the safeguarding of children. The Church is committed to both the review process of dioceses undertaken by the National Board for Safeguarding Children in the Catholic Church and to cooperation with any inquiry required by statutory bodies.
“My prayers also go to Bishop Philip Boyce as he begins his service as Apostolic Administrator of Dromore.”
Archbishop Eamon Martin is President of the Irish Catholic Bishops’ Conference, Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland
For media contact: Catholic Communications Office Maynooth: Martin Long 00353 (0) 86 172 7678 and Katie Crosby 00353 (0) 86 862 3298
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www.pics-celeb.com
JOAN CRAWFORD Biography, Pictures, Quotes, Photos, Videos, News
CRAWFORD, JOAN (Lucille Fay LeSueur) (1904–1977) Actress
One of the most successful products of the Hollywood star system, Joan Crawford was born Lucille Fay LeSueur in San Antonio, Texas, on March 23, 1904. Her working-class family was rocked by the desertions of first her father and later her stepfather. Once a celebrity, she remembered her early years with bitterness. As Crawford told a reporter, “We can skip my childhood. I didn’t have any. Everything I have in life, Hollywood gave me.” After finishing high school, Lucille LeSueur left home to attend Stephens College in Missouri but dropped out after only a few months. She then worked as a telephone operator and a salesclerk before landing a job as a chorus girl. Performances in Detroit and Chicago led to a stint on Broadway
and a Hollywood screen test.
In 1925 LeSueur arrived in Los Angeles with a contract from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). Studio head Louis Mayer declared that the starlet’s surname sounded uncomfortably close to “sewer” and, as a publicity stunt, announced a nationwide contest to find her a new name. Soon, Lucille Fay LeSueur was appearing in bit parts as Joan Crawford. A diligent on-the-job student of the filmmaking process, she had her breakthrough role as a flapper in the silent feature Our Darling Daughters (1928).
The following year, Crawford eloped with Douglas Fairbanks Jr. the son of film great Douglas Fairbanks Sr. Although she was already a rising star, the elder Fairbanks and his wife, screen legend MARY PICKFORD, viewed her as an upstart. With characteristic determination, Crawford launched a campaign to win them over, presenting herself as a homebody and replacing her flapper costumes with chic, sophisticated fashions. Her inability to gain their acceptance helped bring on her divorce from Fairbanks in 1933. Crawford found more success in her career as, unlike many film personalities, she easily made the transition from silents to talkies. Although she sang and danced in some of her early movies, she became well-known for playing upwardly mobile young women in rags-to-riches stories such as Possessed (1931) and Mannequin (1937). Crawford also delivered standout performances in small parts in Grand Hotel (1932) and The Women (1939).
While at MGM, Crawford embraced the studio’s legendary star treatment like no other actress. She welcomed MGM’s efforts to transform her from a scrappy young woman to a glamorous screen goddess. Her new image came to dominate her personal as well as her professional life. Crawford once said that whenever she appeared in public, she was “ready and well-dressed as I possibly can be. When somebody says, ‘There’s Joan Crawford,’ I say, ‘It sure the hell is.’” To ensure her continued popularity, she was active in her fan clubs, readily signed autographs, and often answered fan mail herself.
Also a staple of fan and gossip magazines were stories of Crawford’s personal life. During the course of two more failed marriages (Franchot Tone, 1935–39; Philip Terry, 1942–46), she adopted four children and set about creating a domestic haven to stand as a testament to her success at home as well as on screen. However, according to her eldest daughter, Christine, in her savage tell-all biography Mommie Dearest (1978), her children’s home life was scarred by Crawford’s capricious physical and emotional abuse. By the early 1940s, Crawford was facing professional turmoil as well. After 18 years at MGM, the studio began to regard her as a has-been and made little effort to find films to suit her. Crawford asked to be released from her contract and subsequently signed on to work for Warner Brothers. There, her career was revived as she was cast as powerful, determined, and sometimes ruthless women in a string of successful melodramas and film noir features. Her best-known and arguably her greatest role was in Mildred Pierce (1945), in which she played a woman willing to make any sacrifice to give her daughter the finer things in life. For her performance, she won an Academy Award for Best Actress. She was later nominated for Best Actress Oscars for Possessed (1947) and Sudden Fear (1952). In 1955 Crawford married for a fourth time to Alfred N. Steele, an executive of Pepsi-Cola.
She and Steele made their home in a Manhattan townhouse, which Crawford spared no expense in decorating. The couple’ s highly public, lavish lifestyle came to an end with Steele’s sudden death from a heart attack in 1959. For a time, Crawford took over his spot on Pepsi-Cola’s board of directors, making her the first woman to hold such a position within the company. Having spent much of former husband’s fortune, Crawford returned to Hollywood but had difculty finding roles. She was finally teamed with BETTE DAVIS in the unlikely success What Ever Happened to Baby Janefi (1962). A ghoulish thriller about a deadly rivalry between two elderly sisters, the film earned Davis an Oscar nomination, but Crawford, much to her chagrin, was overlooked—a situation that did nothing to soothe the widely reported animosity between the two stars. On Oscar night, when Davis lost to newcomer Anne Bancroft, Crawford could barely contain her delight as she bounded onstage to accept the award on the absent Bancroft’s behalf.
After Baby Jane, Crawford acted mostly in lesser genre films, delivering her final movie performance in the undistinguished Tr o g (1970). She also made occasional television appearances, most notably replacing her daughter Christine in several episodes of the soap opera Silent Storm and playing a blind woman in an installment of the horror series Night Gallery. Crawford’s Night Gallery marked the directoral debut of Steven Spielberg, and in her later years, she often took credit for discovering him. Crawford spent her final years as a recluse, discomforted that as an older woman she could no longer maintain her glamorous image. Suffering from stomach cancer, she died on May 10, 1977, at her home in New York City.
Although her acting ability was never as celebrated as those of her contemporaries such as Bette Davis and KATHARINE HEPBURN, Crawford enjoyed astounding longevity in a business that often seemed all too ready to cast her aside. She remained a star not because of her unquestionable talent but because of her sheer, unfiagging determination to stay on top. Crawford’s journey from working girl to glamour girl informed her best roles and earned her the affection of millions of fans who loved to cheer her on.
Crawford, Christina. Mommie Dearest. New York: William Morrow, 1978.
Crawford, Joan, with Jane Kesner Ardmore. A Portrait of Joan: The Autobiography of Joan Crawford. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1962.
Guiles, Fred Lawrence. Joan Crawford: The Last Word. Secaucus, N.J.: Carol Publishing Group, 1995.
Walker, Alexander. Joan Crawford: The Ultimate Star. New York: Harper & Row, 1983.
Recommended Recorded and Videotaped Performances
Mildred Pierce (1945). Warner Home Video, VHS, 2000.
Possessed (1947). Warner Home Video, VHS, 1991.
Rain (1932). VCI Home Video, VHS, 2000.
What Ever Happened to Baby Janefi (1962). Warner Home Video, VHS, 2000.
Choreographer (9)
Circus Performer (1)
Dancer (25)
Performance Artist (3)
Stripper (1)
Talk Show Host (6)
Wild West Show Performer (1)
Share is Sexy
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nickbewes.com
more than just music
Listen: Noel Gallagher’s High Flying Birds – Black Star Dancing
This morning, I received this new single from Noel from 3 different PRs/pluggers, which is very unusual.
I think it’s far to say that this isn’t the best thing that Noel has ever released but it continues his pursuit of different sounds following his last album, which I have to say wasn’t an instant hit for me but has grown into one of my favourite albums that revisit plenty of times.
On the press release, in typical Noel fashion, he says “It manages to combine the influences of David Bowie, INXS, U2, Queen, Indeep AND ZZ Top FFS!,” “I might have been watching too much Top Of The Pops recently … anyway, it’s ‘dope’ … not my words, but the words of Nile Rodgers who literally danced in the studio when he heard it!”
This is the first, and title track, from a new EP, which features new songs ‘Rattling Rose’ and ‘Sail On’, alongside a 12″ mix of Black Star Dancing plus a remix by The Reflex.
Oh and by the way, I like it!
Listen: Black Keys – Lo/Hi
The simple fact about today is that the world is a slightly better place. Why? Because the Black Keys have released some new music and it’s rather good! To me it sounds like a continuation of the material from their El Camino album. Hopefully this means that a new album is on the way.
Listen: W. H. Lung – Simpatico People
I heard this epic track on BBC Radio 6 Music last night while driving home. It took up nearly half of the journey, but I wasn’t complaining, this is a cracker of a track. Look forward to hearing more!
Watch: Mary Queen of Scots
We took our first visit to the cinema of 2019 at the weekend to see one of the big releases of the week, Mary Queen of Scots which stars Margot Robbie is Elizabeth I, while Mary Stuart is portrayed by Saoirse Ronan. We went to one of those Everyman cinemas, which I’ll come back later.
Lets look at the good bits first. The film is beautifully shot, the scenery is breathtaking, and both female leads are brilliant, with Margot, for me, shading it as giving the better performance. Don’t get me wrong Saoirse is good, very good, but there’s something about Margot’s performance that stuck with me. The film has received three nominations at this years BAFTAs, Best Supporting Actress (Robbie), Best Costume Design, and Best Makeup & Hair.
Now, I most confess that I aren’t much of a history buff so I’m not sure how much ‘artistic license’ is involved in the telling of this story. The screenplay was written by Beau Willimon, who helped develop the Netflix version of House of Cards, and was one of the reasons that I wanted to see the movie. However I know that scene near the end of the movie where the two meet didn’t happen. Sadly, it doesn’t add anything to the story and actually really outstays it’s welcome.
That’s leads me on to the negative stuff. Some of the supporting cast let’s the side down. James McArdle as the Earl of Moray, Mary’s brother. He looks like someone who was last seen in a Adam and the Ants video in the eighties. And then there’s David Tennant as John Knox, a Protestant cleric. He looks like Robbie Coltrane as Hagrid in the Harry Potter movies. And sadly his act was basically a 1500’s Twitter troll, stirring people up with lies.
I’ll be honest, Mrs Bewes seemed to get more from the film than I did and I very much doubt I would revisit it in the future. Which neatly leads to the Everyman cinema. I’d been before, but it was the first time for Mrs Bewes. I find it very odd that you go to see a film and order a full meal to eat while you are watching it. You do one then do the other, never should the two meet. It’s just wrong! And it costs about £3 or £4 more to see a film. Just to sit on a sofa, which wasn’t that comfy if I’m being honest! I don’t think we will be back anytime soon.
Watch: You (Netflix)
A couple of weeks ago, in the lull between Christmas & New Year we sat on the sofa and binge-watched the new series from Netflix ‘You’. If you haven’t seen it, you need to.
You follows the story of student Guinevere (nicknamed Beck), who meets Joe in the New York bookstore he works in and he becomes obsessed with her. And I mean OBSESSED. Not only does he use social media to find out more about her, he follows her home – where apparently she can’t afford curtains, so he sees EVERYTHING! Oh and then he breaks in to her apartment and steals stuff, he follows her when she meets her friends and
There are more than enough twists and turns in the series to keep you hooked for the duration of the ten episodes. And it’s main stars Penn Badgley (formerly Dan in Gossip Girl) as Joe and newcomer to me Elizabeth Lail as Beck are also both superb throughout the show.
Is it creepy? Yes. Is it wrong that you sometimes feel sorry for the person who is so obviously very disturbed? Yes. Is it a great series to watch in one sitting? Hell Yes.
Bring on series 2!
Posted on November 25, 2018 January 13, 2019
Watch: Friendly Fires – Heaven Let Me In
I’m so pleased Friendly Fires are back producing new music. They disappeared from the face of the Earth a few years ago. Their second album was released in 2011 and there wasn’t any new music from the band until the summer of this year with the anthem Love Like Waves. Now, they have teamed up with the brilliant Disclosure for this new track that sounds so fresh. A month after releasing the track, the video is now here! A new album is in the works apparently. About time too!
Listen: Rival Sons – Do Your Worst
There are several bands around at the moment who are young in years but have a sound that comes from way before they were born. Greta Van Fleet and DeWolff being prime examples. Another are Rival Sons. They have been around a bit longer the the other two, but still sound like they are from the 1970s classic rock era. Their sixth album is due in the new year, and it was apparently recorded in RCA Studio A in Nashville, and at the legendary Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Alabama. In the meantime, the band have released a new video, and it only adds to their canon of brilliant tunes. Vocalist Jay Buchanan and Scott Holiday on guitar once again shine, but the whole band are on form. I love it.
I saw the band live a few years ago and they are brilliant. Looking forward to hearing the new material.
Posted on June 17, 2018 January 13, 2019
Watch: Wicked Strife
I’m not one for heading to the theatre on a regular basis to see plays or musicals. I’m more a comedy show kind of person, which for those who know me, that won’t come as much of a surprise. However, stand by your beds. This weekend I’ve been to the theatre twice! The plays couldn’t be more different however.
On Friday night as a birthday surprise for my other half, we visited the Leeds Grand Theatre to see Wicked – acclaimed as “the ultimate Broadway experience for theatre audiences all over the UK” (Northern Echo) so says the Grand website. Another thing that won’t come as a surprise to those that know me, I’m not a fan of musicals! Whether that screen or on stage! Musicals have just never been to my taste. However, when you see something this good, you can’t be anything but impressed.
From the staging, to the dancers (obviously I’m an expert, not) to the amazing voices of the cast, this stage show is very good. Especially the two leads. Helen Woolf as Glinda and Amy Ross as Elphaba were outstanding performers. Ross in particular is amazing in the finale of Act 1.
I knew nothing about the story beforehand other than it’s something to do with the Wizard of Oz, so I was surprised at how funny it was. Woolf delivering some very funny lines in particular, as does Kim Ismay as Madame Morrible. The Wizard is played by Steven Pinder, who, for me, will always be Max Farnham in Brookside.
Many positives from the show, but also a few negatives. The seats for one. Rather narrow, and not very comfortable. I know many theatres are grand old buildings, and you can’t do much within the structures, but sat on the balcony at the Grand wasn’t a comfortable experience. Especially when you compare these seats with what you get at the cinema nowadays.
Speaking of uncomfortable seats. On Saturday night, we took ourselves off for another but completely different night at the theatre. This time to Bradford Playhouse @Studio for Strife in a Northern Town. The seats in the @Studio are basic and basically bum numbing! Thankfully the performance tonight wasn’t that long!
The play is described as ‘a high-energy thrill ride with quick switches, laughter, mayhem and maybe even a tear or two, too’. And it certainly was high energy. Just two actors, Tracy Gabbitas and Jennifer Banks play the multiple characters, including Donna and Tracey who work at the local supermarket. And it’s these two that greet us when we walk in to the tiny @Studio. One sat on the floor, one stood up, giving the audience funny looks as we walk in, sit down, clean glasses, get sweets out. And you can imagine, how in this intimate surroundings, the late comers get particular strange looks from the pair!
As the play progresses, with each character change, from the supermarket girls to receptionists Pepsi and Lulu and so on, the actors change wigs and props, moving chairs and tables to create the setting for each section. As I said earlier, you couldn’t get much different from Friday night’s grandiose to this simplicity. For me some characters are more welcome than others. I wasn’t a particular fan of Kay who has a dog phobia and an allergy to cheese and was very annoying! Sadly, she is one of the more frequent characters in the play and kept reappearing!
The Playhouse itself is an interesting building. Having looked at it’s history, it’s always seemed to struggle to stay open. It certainly is a poor relation to the other theatres in Bradford, The Alhambra & St Georges Hall, the latter being closed at the moment for renovation, which is something that wouldn’t go amiss at the Playhouse.
Strife had it’s funny moments but of the two, Wicked wins hands down. And it’s a musical! I don’t like musicals!
Posted on May 7, 2018 January 13, 2019
Watch: Funny Cow
FUNNY COW Starring Maxine Peake
What was it like to be a female stand up comedian in the 1970s? Funny Cow tells you. And it wasn’t easy, apparently because ‘women aren’t funny’ according to male comedian played by Alun Armstrong in this gritty drama. Maxine Peake is superb as ‘Funny Cow’ – we never learn her real name. Equally brilliant is Macy Shackleton, who plays ‘Funny Calf’, Peake’s character as a child, in the streets of a northern town.
The film has some laugh out loud moments, however the comedy portrayed in the Northern working mens clubs isn’t for the PC brigade of 2018. Lookout for a few brilliant cameo’s from some well known faces when she auditions ‘to be a star’.
However, it also has some dark and disturbing moments. There’s domestic abuse, with Funny Cow being beaten by her Dad, played Stephan Graham, and by her boyfriend in later life, played by Tony Pitts who as well as putting in a great performance, also wrote the film. Lindsay Coulson, Carol Jackson in Eastenders, plays the older version of her Mum, and is rarely seen without a drink in her hand. And if that wasn’t enough, we see a character commit suicide.
My overriding thoughts are that it is a very good film, very much of it’s time of setting. There are a couple of stand out performances, but would I want to see it again. Possibly not.
Posted on April 15, 2018 January 13, 2019
Listen: Manic Street Preachers – Resistance is Furtile
First things first, I’ve got to point out, I’m a massive fan of the Manics. I’ve bought all their albums, yes even Lifeblood and I’ve seen them live several times, probably too many times to be honest. They don’t always get things right, the semi acoustic album Rewind the Film in 2013 was to me, a sign of a band having a midlife crisis, but you have respect them for suriving long enough to get to this, their 13th album. And it’s not unlucky 13 either.
After a few missteps on recent albums, Resistance is Furtile is a great Manics album. One review has described it as a greatest hits album of new material, which I think sums it up perfectly. I would suggest several songs are set to be in their setlist for years to come. People Give In has a reflective mood to the lyrics, but the music is great, lovely orchestration, First single International Blue is everything you expect from them. Uptempo, catchy, great guitar solo and it’s a belter.
Dylan & Caitlin features James sharing the vocals with The Anchoress and continues a tradition from their first album Generation Terrorists’ Little Baby Nothing of adding a female voice, and it’s a another cracking tune.
Once again the band mix their epic sounds of Everything Must Go era with more spiky Holy Bible material and Broken Algorithms is as close as the band get to their classic punker sound, with Nicky’s lyrics having a go at modern life. Holding Me Like a Heaven sounds like a beautiful song but then the lyrics tell a different tale –
Tattered manifestos litter the mind
Diplomatic plans ravaged by time
It never really was the truth or lies
We just gave up and said our goodbyes
Final track of the album The Left Behind finds the band in a reflective mood again, with lyrics saying
Waiting to be left behind
Acting like a passer-by
Could this be the end of the band? Interviews once again suggest maybe, with Nicky favouring darts and painting to getting lyrical. However, this has been said before. I hope it isn’t but for me, if it is, this is a great swansong.
Archives Select Month May 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 November 2018 September 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018
Categories Select Category Films Music Television Theatre
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Norfolk County Sports Hall of Recognition
News, events, and information related to the Norfolk County Sports Hall of Recognition.
Induction Dinner
Brimmer-Demeyere Memorial Golf Tournament
Nomination Criteria
Terry Maxwell
In 1993 Terry obtained his “Black Badge” for IPAC (International Practical Shooting Confederation). IPSC is a world-wide organization with approximately 100,000 shooters in some 65 countries.
Terry has competed around the globe with many different firearms, including revolver, pistol, sub-machinegun, assault rifle, and shotgun. The pistol is the most difficult firearm to shoot and handle. Terry excelled in this sport through his dedication and arduous training regime.
IPSC is competitive combat action pistol shooting. Scenarios are constructed with a multitude of props and tasks while shooting the assigned course of fire. Targets are generally cardboard and/or steel with assigned scoring areas. These targets may be static, moving, pop-up, weaving, bobbing, disappearing, etc. “No-shoot” targets are almost always added to scenarios. These act as penalty targets to further test a shooter’s decision-making process, skill and nerves.
The “scenarios” range from three to 30 targets per course at a distance of three to 60 metres. A competitor has to shot with both their weak and strong hand as well as a conventional two-handed grip. The shooter might be relatively static or the scenario might be laid out over a distance of up to 100 metres. This sport requires speed, agility, skill, timing and mental focus and preparation. Matches range from six to 40 scenarios and cover one to six days of shooting, depending on the match level.
Since 1994 Terry has competed in approximately 200 “regional” matches in Canada and the U.S.A. Of these, he has won an impressive 160 and placed in the top three in the remaining 40 matches. These events typically attract between 75 and 200 competitors.
Terry had won 15 Provincial Championships as of the time of his induction. These matches typically have had between 200 and 300 competitors. In titles not won, he had placed in the top three at every Provincial Match in which he competed.
Also as of the time of his induction, Terry had won two National Championships. These matches generally draw between 250 and 400 competitors. In the years Terry did not win the title, he had placed in the top three at his remaining National appearances. He was also the holder of a North American title and placed in the top 10 at the other competitions he attended. These matches typically involved some 350-500 competitors.
In 2000,Terry won the Pan-American title. These competitions generally bring 450-600 elite shooters together from North and South America.
In 1997 Terry placed third in the World Police and Fire Games in the police action pistol event. This event offered him a taste of what was to come. His dedication and commitment to this sport brought Canada to the forefront of this international competition when in 2001 Terry captured the World Championship.
The World Police and Fire Games host the world’s most prestigious police shooters and boast participation from such participants as the renowned LAPD SWAT Team as well as many well-known instructors and professional shooters from police agencies and special forces units worldwide. This competition brings out about 600 to 800 shooters from various countries around the world.
In addition to these individual titles, Terry has also captained Team Ontario to six National Championships with only four members each time.
He was the captain of Team Canada at the Pan-American competition where they captured first place.
Terry also represented Team Canada at three world shooting matches. He holds the ranking of “Grand Master”, which is the highest achievable ranking in the world.
Terry is a firearms instructor and “Master Instructor”, a title held by only six people in Canada.
At the time of his induction, Terry was a Sergeant-Unit Commander and Chief Firearms Instructor for the Ontario Provincial Police.
Return to Inductees page
See the “news” tab for 2018 Inductees announcement.
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BREAK NUMBER SEVEN: The Word Count Game
Mac Boyle May 13, 2019
~As I write this line it is 04/21/19 and the flash fiction blog has just edged out the movie review blog fro 50,000 words. As some of the stories may not make it into the book, and I have it in my mind (and will probably insist on it, unless my brain truly dries up with potential story ideas) pushing it at least past 60k, there is still some work to do.
~As a side note, I’m writing this line on 04/29/19, and it appears that the movie blog book is now at 49K and change. All of that written in just over six months. Imagine what I could do with my life if I didn’t feel the need to blog…
~So, Endgame happened. Obviously, the death of (REDACTED) left me a little underwhelmed, while the death of (ALSO REDACTED) may have me careening toward the beginnings of what will eventually be my mid-life crisis. The time travel doesn’t make sense when looked at it through a macro lens (especially when the fate of (REDACTED ONCE MORE) comes into play. And the unpacking of time travel tropes is probably objectively fun, it only served to send me careening into a full-blown panic attack, as it is trucking in the same lane of a project I currently have in development.
~Speaking of which, the scripts for all six episodes of The Fourth Wall, Season 2 are at a point where I can start showing them to some people. Weird that I’ve even made it this far on this, although there is still much to do. The script book looks to be hovering right around 96,000 words (before any other ancillary material might be added in), so that’s definitely the longest thing I ever wrote.
~With all of that above, I’m a little unmoored as far as writing projects are at the moment. Things will obviously speed up again as I get closer to being in production on the new season. Get back to getting The Once And Future Orson Welles ready for public eyes? Maybe, but I think I’d like a little more uninterrupted writing time runway before I truly, finally pivot in that direction. Keep writing flash and get that catalogue to a point where I know beyond a shadow of a doubt that I’ll have enough to move forward on a volume of the stories? Seems more likely. Finally break down and just play some video games for once? Feels incredibly tempting.
~Aaaaaaaaaand the movie blog just—with my review of Thor (2011)—hit 50,000 words as well. Odds are it will lap the flash blog, and then only continue to grow. Means the average entry is 505 words. Also means that if the numbers hold up, I watch about 132 films per year (not counting several of the films that appear in the blog that I’ve watched on repeat). Not sure if I should be bummed or proud of that.
~Also on that note, I didn’t think my 100th movie review would be for Shazam (2019), but here we are.
~Speaking of movies I did a review of that I’ll probably watch a couple of times, I had the unique opportunity to see Batman (1989) in a theater. As many times I had seen the film, I had never seen it on the big screen. The theater was about a quarter-filled with people who looked exactly like me. I wondered quietly if all of our lives had gone along a similar path, only to bring us to this time and place. The film—as I had quietly suspected for a while—is a different experience in the theater, and was probably meant more for that venue. Danny Elfman’s score rattles the one when it isn’t coming out of the puny speakers of a television. I may be hearing things, but I think for the 4K release—for which these screenings were intended as a promotion—they’ve tinkered with the sound design. Films of the 70s and 80s had this wonderful sound when guns are shot. It had nothing to o with what I would imagine is the reality of bullets, but more akin to a bell ringing. This film was once filled with that strange twang. Now? The bullets sound like bullets. I’m not sure if I like that, but then again, I didn’t really expect to have them ask me about it. Might just need to isolate that sound and use it more in The Fourth Wall this season and keep the dream alive.
~I don’t know how much I should talk about this next bit, but sufficed it to say things are happening here at Party Now, Apocalypse Later Industries. This space and the things I’m involved in may look quite a bit different a year from now, or at least I hope it will. It’s nice to have that hope again. It feels like it’s been a while.
Tags batman (1989), gun sounds, Batman, word counts, non flash fiction
Tags Justice League, Batman, Michael Keaton, Henry Cavill's weird lip
Is it possible Justice League will actually be good?
Mac Boyle July 23, 2017
San Diego Comic-Con is all around us, and with it comes the torrential downpour of new glances and first peeks into the litany of movies and TV shows we’re going to spend the next year or so of our lives probably complaining about.
Ready Player One will be the mishmash of disparate intellectual properties that only Spielberg’s clout could realistically wrangle, while at the same time feeling like the wrong movie for him. The story worships at Spielberg’s altar; he shouldn’t be the one to make it.
I’m still not sure why the world needed Blade Runner 2049, but there’s no harm in letting Harrison Ford continue to work. Maybe it’ll be great, but frankly, I’m still waiting for those ultimate entries in the line of HFord reboots, the CGI-laden Witness: Revisited, or the Netflix animated series “Fugitive Babies”.
I can’t muster more of a reaction to Disney’s Marvel’s Netflix’s The Defenders* other than to accept there will soon be a show that is actually a brand new season of four different shows, none of which I’m caught up on.
In the few hours that have passed since I wrote those preceding paragraphs, even more new trailers have dropped, covering Thor: Ragnarok, the second season of “Stranger Things”, and a much fuller trailer for the upcoming new Star Trek series, “Discovery”**. But these are topics of discussion for blogs at a different time.
The big surprise—so far—out of Hall H is the trailer for Justice League, due out this November:
I’ve been as down on the DC Extended Universe as the next person. I kind of liked Man of Steel (2013) despite itself. I thought Suicide Squad (2016) likely suffered from studio meddling in post-production that left the editing disjointed and sloppy***.
Then there’s Batman v Superman: We Didn’t Market Test This Title (2016). The bloated, incomprehensibly plotted introduction to the larger DC world suffers from some bad casting (primarily Jesse Eisenberg’s portrayal of Lex Luthor as if he were Mark Zuckerberg on a sugar rush), a preoccupation with setting up future movies****, and the single worst third-act turn in a major motion picture. Yes, that would be the whole “Martha” debacle.
There are more than a few things to like about the movie. Affleck is genuinely good in the role of the Dark Knight, and his interactions with Alfred (Jeremy Irons) proved to be the highlight of the film.
Indeed, whatever form Affleck’s solo turn at the Batmobile, The Batman, ends up taking, I think it’ll still be a good movie that has plenty of room to explore parts of the bat-mythos that the previous ten live-action films depicting the character haven’t approached. That being said, the seemingly inevitable Justice League has failed to elicit any sort of enthusiasm from me. Indeed, for the first time in my life a forthcoming film would feature Batman as a character (with or without LEGOs) that I’m not ravenously excited about.
With the one two-punch of the actually watchable Wonder Woman and the trailer linked above, I’m just beginning to believe that Batman can be great again.
I want to believe that.
Just, seriously, Warner Bros.? If the plot of the whole movie hinges on people’s mother having the same name, please, please re-work the movie. You have time before November.
*Feels like their should be another apostrophe here, but alas…
**Please be good. Please be good. Please be good. You’ll be good. I know you will. It’s fine. You’re going to be fine.
***Oh, and Jared Leto is the worst. The worst. I don’t care if you liked him in “My So Called Life” ninety-thousand years ago. He’s a douchebag. The Joker is many things; he is not a douchebag.
****Which is the common thread of the least-enjoyable Marvel equivalents Iron Man 2 (2010) and Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015).
Tags Batman, Wonder Woman, Justice League, Comic Con
Fixing Pop Culture Errors of the Past, Part Two: When in doubt, Keaton.
Mac Boyle October 2, 2016
We've all been there. You’re sitting around talking about movies or TV shows, carefully avoiding any discussion involving the real issues of life like mortgages, mortality, or the proper mixture of spices for a Crock Pot pot roast. The discussion becomes a indictment of sorts, bringing up pointless charges against the various “crimes” perpetrated by pop culture over the years.
Inevitably, there is no forward momentum to these discussions. At best, we collectively revel in our knowledge that we know what these artists did wrong. All too often, all we can detect is a general sense of badness that is not terribly more evolved than Tom Hanks trying caviar for the first time*.
Before, I never seemed to have any other solutions for the problems. Well, with this blog series, I’m going to change all of that. Here, I offer the second of what may end up being several pop cultural solutions.
These fixes can’t cheat. Sean Connery can’t fix Indiana Jones and The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) with his mere presence alone. For one thing, Connery has completely retired effective with League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003)**. For another, the movie’s problems run much deeper than its lack of callbacks to Last Crusade (1989).
We can’t go with simple answers, either. It isn’t enough to say that M. Night Shyamalan should have stopped making movies with Signs (2002). For one thing, The Visit ((2015) is actually a return to keep-you-guessing form, and there just has to be a version of The Village (2004) that actually works. It probably involves the absence of a Sci-Fi Channel documentary about the mysterious wonder that is M. Night Shyamalan.
Now that that is out of the way, let’s talk about Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016). Again. Is it the worst movie of all time? No. Is it even the worst movie that features billionaire playboy Bruce Wayne and Alfred Pennyworth, his trusted butler? No. Does it have the worst third act turn in the history of screenwriting? Probably. But I may have come here not to bury Martha, but to praise her.
There are things to like about the movie. Against all odds, the man who was cut out of Elektra (2005) ended up being a pretty awesome Batman. I, begrudgingly, look forward to more from Affleck in Justice League***, and definitely anticipate his solo-Batman film. He’s a pretty great director, and it’ll be interesting to see a Directed-by-and-Starring-Affleck Batfilm.
But almost no one was on board with the idea of him as the Dark Knight when his casting was announced. I made the jokes, too. It wasn’t even that Affleck was a bad idea. Sure, he got a hefty pile of superhero-stank on him appearing Daredevil (2003).
And because of that film, he swore he would never be in another superhero movie. It seemed a little off. For my money, though it just meant that Affleck had to be good a this. If Daredevil was an embarrassment, whiffing on Batman would be pretty bad indeed. Although, to be fair, Clooney recovered.
I think our collective allergy to Batfleck came not from the choice of he-who-also-wrote-Good-Will-Hunting to fill Christian Bale’s breeches, but that Warner Brothers couldn’t wait for The Dark Knight Rises (2012) to hit Blu Ray before they started working on rebooting the character all over again. Your mileage may vary with each movie of the Nolan trilogy, but it’s hard to deny that he produced a pretty definitive version of the Caped Crusader about a half an hour before Affleck donned the cape and cowl.
Here’s my pitch, or at least what would have been my pitch, had Warner Brothers asked me in the days following the release of Man of Steel (2013).
Go ahead. Make your DC Cinematic Universe. You can’t let Marvel have a monopoly on that kind of an ongoing series. The Time Warner board won’t sit still for it. I get it. But, here’s the one change you need to make to your plans:
Don’t include Batman.
Hear me out. The character needs at least ten years before someone else can bring something truly new to the table. Let it lie.
Now, I didn’t say anything about not including Bruce Wayne****.
One of the seminal Batman stories that has yet to be brought to the film***** is The Dark Knight Returns. Its tale of a Bruce Wayne past his prime has had far reaching impact on subsequent Batman stories. Both the animated series and ongoing comic Batman Beyond is built on the concept of a geriatric Bruce searching for some sort of relevance post-Batman. Even Kingdom Come finds Wayne aging out of the Batman role, but modifying what Batman means so that he can continue to keep order in Gotham.
The future Justice League films should follow (or should have followed) Kingdom Come’s lead. In the sequels, as Superman amasses the League to meet the challenge of Darkseid or whatever big bad the movies are headed towards, there is one source of resources and information that simply can’t be ignored.
Bruce Wayne has long since hung up the cowl, but he is the key to giving the Justice League their best chance to prevail. He wouldn’t have to be in the movie long, but he would have a central role in the plot.
Who would play him?
Well, the one actor I have a long track record of saying should play almost every role in movies:
Think about it. Give him the Marlon Brando deal: a few days of work, a Brinks truck worth of money, and he doesn’t have to don a big rubber suit. And give him a meaty, memorable role****** that just might interest him again. It would have worked. Furthermore, while we all think that Warner Brothers has been running behind on the shared cinematic universe. What if I told you that the first film of the DC Universe movie was actually released nearly thirty years ago? With the recent groundswell in the 90s nostalgia-industrial-complex, the movie would have sold itself. Manchildren in their thirties******* from all over will become positively rapturous over the mere notion of getting their Batman back, even if only for few minutes.
Do I need to leave Warner Brothers alone? Are they geniuses routinely trouncing those fools over at AOL-Time-Disney-Lucasfilm-Marvel? Am I being too soft on them? Do they need to be subjected to wave after wave of ridicule until they can piece together a watchable film? Let me know in the comments.
Next week: I go full-Kurtz on this trip down the pop culture correction river. It’s big. It may be the dumbest thing I have ever done, but it sure is big. I’ll give you a clue: Edosian Suckerfish.
*For the record, caviar is delicious. This will be the one and only time I will publicly disagree with Tom Hanks.
**Probably for the best.
***Even if the early trailer is a little light on course correction from Dawn of Justice.
****No. I’m not pitching Gotham: The Motion Picture. Something about that show bugs me, and I just can’t put my finger on it. I can’t stop watching it, so I guess that’s something.
*****Outside of Bale’s half-baked decrepitude and arbitrary retirement in the aforementioned Rises.
******Lest we forget, the flimsy arc of Batman Forever (1995) was the reason Keaton originally hung up the cowl and we were all subjected Val Kilmer smiling in a mask.
*******And if there’s one thing I understand, its manchildren in their thirties. Look at that! I may have broken my record for footnotes.
Tags Batman, Michael Keaton, pop culture, alternate pitch
Nipples are one thing, but is it just me or is his cape made out of trash bags?
What Schumaucher's Batman and Robin got right
WARNING: Heresy and rubber nipples lie ahead.
It's 3AM. My stomach is a churning miasma of unsettling notions. Naturally, my mind wanders to the work of Joel Schumacher. They go together like nausea and Arnold Schwarzenegger as Mr. Freeze. Between the rubber nipples and cascade of puns that have become the stuff of legend, Schumaucher's contributions to the legend of the Caped Crusader are uniformally seen as the dark ages for the Dark Knight.
Here's the unfortunate secret that most bat-fans wouldn't dare admit, unless they're waiting for an industrial-sized dose of Peptol Bismol to kick in:
There are some things -- just a few, mind you -- that Joel Schumaucher not only got exactly right with his second crack at Batman, but in fact did better than in any other Batman film to date.
I had to be wrong, so I went ahead and did the one thing I should never do: I re-watched the damned movie. Thankfully, the world is not completely upside down. Batman and Robin is just as bad, if not worse than you remember. The movie is congenitally unable to latch on to anything resembling a story arc for its characters. Every quip falls flat. It's kind of a miracle that even the law of averages wouldn't have given the movie some semblance of wit at some point in the proceedings.
Maybe it is all because the film was more of a toy commercial than it was a major motion picture. I tend to think it was because Schumaucher and company came to the conclusion (perhaps rightly so) that superhero films are for kids. Where they went off the tracks and never bothered to look back is determine that because these films are for the under-15 crowd, then it doesn't matter if the film sucks. It doesn't so much matter that the film is bright and campy and doesn't take itself too seriously. It's of far more importance that the film just sucks.
And yet, as I watched the movie again today, there they were, those few scant things that, while they hardly elevate the film in any measurable way, do show some semblance of awareness for what Batman is and can be.
1) The Batman does not kill.
Quick. Go watch every Batman movie, and then go read every Batman comic in existence. I'll wait. Done? Notice anything? The main theme people come away with is that in publishing, Bruce Wayne is bound by a particular code, springing from his origin at the end of Joe Chill's gun. Put simply: The Batman does not kill.
Except, no one bothered to inform the various screenwriters who have handled Warner Brothers' number one franchise. In Batman (1989) Bat-Keaton specifically tells Jack "I'm going to kill you," and he damned sure he puts a grapelling hook to good work to get the job done.
In Batman Returns (1992) Bat-Keaton again dispatches Louie De Penguin with a carefully orchestrated wave of bats and a steep fall. Don't even get me started on the circus strongman that blew up real good for the capital crime of asking Batman to hit him.
In Batman Forever (1995) Iceman-Batman flung Billy Dee Tommy Lee Jones from a tall height* even after Robin O'Donnell learned the important lesson of sparing one's enemies.
In Batman Begins (2005), Bale-Bat does go out of his way to not directly kill Ra's-al-Gon-Jin, but he's pretty content to not save him, when he had plenty of time and resources to do so.
In The Dark Knight (2008) Bale-Bat returns to fling Billy Dee Tommy Lee Eckhart from a tall height** after spending the entire movie not killing Ledjoker, despite literally everyone being fine with that possibility.
In The Dark Knight Rises (2012) Batman drops a thermonuclear bomb into Gotham Harbor, thereby ensuring that the next seventeen generations of Gothamites can look forward to a litany of thyroid problems, if they're lucky.
And most recently, in Batman v Board of Education: Dawn of the McMuffin (2016), Batman's antipathy for guns didn't get translated to the other 807 plot points, because Batfleck is more than content to drop a few no-names in the pursuit of... Kryptonite? Barely a month out of seeing the movie, it already feels like a blur.
Sense a pattern here? Batman and Robin is the only post-Adam West cinematic outing where Batman does not kill. One point for Schumaucher and company. Brings the score to 787,231 to 1, but at least it won't be a shut out.
2) Who is Batman?
By the time the fourth film in the series begins, everyone should know. It doesn't take much to find out. Alfred Pennyworth, Vicki Vale, Jack Napier, Selina Kyle, Oswald Cobblepot, Max Schreck, Dick Grayson, Edward Nygma, Harvey Dent, Chase Meridian, Ra's Al Ghul, Rachel Dawes, Lucius Fox, Coleman Reese, Talia al Ghul, Bane, Selina Kyle (again), Non-Robin Gordon-Levitt, James Gordon, Clark Kent, and Diana Prince. Through the course of the Bat-films, all of these characters have figured out Bruce Wayne's secret. Here's the question: are there any other characters in the Batman universe? Outside of Bat-mite and Aunt Harriet, does anyone not know?
There's only one film where Bruce Wayne's secret identity isn't sussed out by the villains or his girlfriend (or some mixture thereof). Which film is that? You guessed it. Batman and Robin. Yes, Barbara Wilson trips over the truth***, but I'm grading on a curve here. Give me a break.
3) At least they didn't run out of money.
I don't think anyone is going to get this far into this blog post and get the idea that I'm actually defending the core of this movie. It's a completely wrongheaded cluster of half-baked almost-ideas, packaged into a cheap sausage casing of '90s fashion. It's the cinematic equivalent of haggis, although saying that does a grave disservice to a sheep's stomach filled with food you wouldn't otherwise want to look at.
But at least they, you know, finished the movie.
It's not neccessarily high praise to say that Warner Brothers didn't just cut their losses and release a rough cut of the turd they had in the oven, but it does make it, fundamentally better than other fourth entries in superhero franchises. Superman IV (1987) is content to just use the same footage of Christopher Reeve flying towards the camera, and has a climax that confirms the long-heard suspicion that Mariel Hemingway can breathe in the vacuum of space. It's important to keep things in perspective.
There are a lot of other examples from there. The villains' origins are -- if goofy -- more or less correct. The mythos isn't contorted to make it so that Mr. Freeze is the one who pulled the trigger on Thomas and Martha Wayne, even if that would've been one hell of a flashback. The Schumaucher movies also make Gotham City appear as if it may have the actual scope of a major metropolitan area, even if that city might be a maddening mish mash of Greek statues. In retrospect, Burton's movies look like they take place on a remaindered set from a dinner theater production of Our Town. The movie tries to be funny, which isn't the worst thing in the world. Batman can be funny. Adam West as Batman is funny. The problem is that the movie only tries, and forgets to bring the laughs. It is an important distinction.
So, maybe Batman and Robin is the worst. Making movies is hard. We can't imagine what they might have been up against, and even if Schumaucher's myopia is to blame, there are far more serious sins in the world. Don't believe me? Go watch Superman IV: The Quest For Peace one more time.
* A lot of falling deaths in these movies, no?
** Sound familiar, no?
*** Again, it's not like a lot of deductive reasoning is applied; she uses an infinite amount of password tries to unlock an interactive CD-ROM.
Tags Batman, Schumaucher, Rubber Nipples, Movies, Schwarzenegger, heresy
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What is a VNC?
Symantec pcAnywhere is the single bestselling remote computer access software available today. This software, like most types of remote access software, allows a user to remotely access and control another computer over the internet. With multiple licenses, a user can even install the client and host on the same computer, so that one can control and transfer files between various computers.
Symantec pcAnywhere is the oldest of all types of similar remote access software. Now 20 years old, it is still the best-selling option. It is said to have the best UI for people who are unfamiliar with computers, as well as an extremely in-depth UI for more advanced users who need this form of detail. This software can even replace help-center remote control software, as users who need support can install a thin client that allows one-way support.
Symantec pcAnywhere is an excellent option for those who are looking for robust remote computer access and control software.
What are the features of pcAnywhere and what are weaknesses?
pcAnywhere has one of the best feature sets of all availble consumer remote access software. Some of the best features are:
Built-in encryption
pcAnywhere connections are always done over a 256-bit encrypted connection. This connection exceeds industry standards, and would be practically impossible to break. This encryption also occurs in both directions, meaning that data is encrypted as it travels from the host to the client and vice-versa.
pcAnywhere allows users to transfer files in both directions. While this seems to be a very simple feature, many remote desktop clients do not allow this, or allow it in only one direction. This can be very useful in help-desk situations, such as when a help-desk rep needs to transfer an update to a customer or something similar.
pcAnywhere allows a user to have an unlimited number of sessions going at once. The only limitation on the number of sessions is the amount of bandwidth that the consumer is using. This feature is much better than comparable features found in similar industry software. Most such software has a limitation on the number of sessions, typically to eight or twelve. This makes this software much stronger for help desks than most such software, though the average user who just wants the software to access his or her home computer would never use multiple sessions.
Clients for all operating systems
An excellent feature of pcAnywhere is that there is a client for all major operating systems, including Windows, Mac OS, and Linux, as well as Blackberry and Windows Mobile. iPhone and Android OS clients are coming soon as well. This far exceeds the compatibility that most competitors offer. In fact, pcAnywhere even has a client that is programmed in Java. And because Java is a language that is designed to be compatible with any platform, this means that even a set-top box or an obscure mobile OS could be controlled with a little bit of tweaking. This is a feature that no other similar software currenly offers.
Connect to computers via modem, serial cable, parallel cable
For even more connectivity options, pcAnywhere does allow users to connect with a modem, serial cable, and parallel cable. However, considering that many of today’s computers do not even have ports for these connections, and that this software is primarily used for remote connections, it is highly unlikely that anyone would ever use this feature. Also, strangely enough, a USB connection has been left out of the mix, while most of the similar software packages do allow a simple connection via USB.
pcAnywhere Mobile
This is an excellent feature that does not exist on any of the competition. pcAnywhere allows users to tap directly into common important Windows utilities, though the feature does not yet exist for the Mac OS. This means that a representative can access the task manager or command prompt without having to set up a whole connection, which consumers a lot of bandwidth.
That last is perhaps the largest weakness of this software. pcAnywhere consumers report needing a huge amount of bandwidth. It may be a result of the strong encryption, but the compression algorithm that is used on this software is very weak, and for people who do not have a very fast internet connection, using pcAnywhere could prove to be very slow and problematic.
What is the cost of pcAnywhere relative to other such options and where can I buy it?
A single license of pcAnywhere is $200. This allows a single machine based on a recent Windows operating system to control an unlimited number of other machines with the client on them. This is not a subscription service, so no renewal is ever needed. The only future costs of this software are related to upgrades, which currently cost $100.
Symantec typically offers security patches for a single version of the software for five years after its release, so upgrading immediately is not necessary. There is a trial version of pcAnywhere with severely limited features, but it is so limited that it really does not give the feel for what the software can really do.
Final thoughts on pcAnywhere: (Still) Best in Class
pcAnywhere is still, after 20 years, likely the best remote access software right now. With an intuitive yet in-depth UI, and an unlimited number of parallel connections, pcAnywhere remains the bestselling software for a very good reason. pcAnywhere is highly recommended for the purpose of remotely controlling a computer.
2 Responses to Symantec pcAnywhere Review
Rajeev Singh says:
Through (Altiris remote control/PCAnywhare) technical support can interact via chat, voice call and/or video conference, while having access to the drafter’s desktop, and provide his comment and corrections whenever they need Louis’s (Technical support)? Kindly confirm.
pc any where is the best by far ………
using it for over 15 year’s .
hardly any problems at all.
plus it will control DOS programs or me
go get them pc anywhere.
Leave a Reply to Rajeev Singh Cancel reply
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RTK/JICA PROJECT
Kosovo-the history behind a declaration of independence
The History behind a Declaration of Independence: Kosovo and its impact on the World (first published in 2008)
On 17 February 2008, Kosovo, the seventh nation to declare independence from the former Yugoslavia geared itself to become the youngest sovereign entity of the world. For Kosovo Albanians, the secession signifies the successful conclusion of decades of violent struggles, bombardments, murder, rape, pillage and sacrifice. For the international community, the secession symbolizes the beginning of deep divisions and diplomatic warfare.
Nations opposing the independence of Kosovo, do so, primarily, to prevent the declaration of independence in Kosovo from becoming a precedent for future secessionist movements. The fears pervading societies, nations and their leaders are grounded on the belief, that acceptance of Kosovo’s independence may undermine the stability and territorial integrity of other high-risk nations worldwide. Multi-ethic, and muti-national States are high-risk nations. However, the impact of Kosovo on the rest of the world, particularly towards Sri Lanka, is minimal. Multiple international and regional stakeholders supporting Kosovo’s independence, is absent in many current secessionist movements. Moreover, the path towards Kosovo’s secession is marked by a series of unprecedented events, which clearly distinguish the situation in Kosovo from others in the rest of the world.
Distinguishing Kosovo: The Road to Independence
Kosovo is a unique and novel experiment in the history of the world. A violent secessionist movement operated in the background of Serbian[1] State sponsored ethnic cleansing of Kosovo Albanians. Subsequently, international diplomatic and military interventions occurred to avoid a ‘humanitarian catastrophe’ and nations other than the United Kingdom asserted the validity of humanitarian intervention, for the first time. Military interventions, in the form of NATO bombardments, occurred without express Security Council authorisation and for the first time, post facto Security Council authorization was asserted to justify the use of force under Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. Former Republic of Yugoslavia, (hereinafter FRY), contested the legality of the use of force by NATO, before the International Court of Justice, symbolising the extent of international institutional involvement in the conflict. In 1999, Kosovo became a protectorate of the United Nations under Security Council Resolution 1244, with an express agreement to facilitate a final political solution for Kosovo, one which provides for substantial self-government while maintaining the territorial integrity of former Yugoslavia. The United Nations, in supporting the independence of Kosovo, made a conscious decision to stray away from the mandate, thus creating a complex situation that can be distinguished from many other nations currently facing secession.
At the beginning of the Balkan conflicts, the Federation of Yugoslavia consisted of eight units, six republics, namely Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Macedonia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina and two autonomous provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo. This autonomy was a result of decades of brutal repressions by dominant groups in the region. Ironically, it is the same autonomy that marked the beginning of the modern blood bath of Kosovo. Autonomous regions, unlike the republics were not considered bearers of Yugoslav sovereignty, and were subordinate in status to the republics. Autonomous regions had no right of secession. Kosovo was declared an autonomous region, as opposed to a republic due to the demographics of the population. Kosovo consists of a 90% ethnic Albanian majority with approximately 120,000 ethnic Serbs. Ethnic Albanians were said to have their homeland elsewhere, and therefore autonomous regions populated by a majority of Hungarians in Vojvodina and Albanians in Kosovo, were given a lesser status than the republics.
Initial struggles of the Kosovo Albanians revolved around the need to advance from an autonomous region to a republic. The struggle also symbolised severe harassments and discriminations against the minority Kosovo Serbs by Kosovo Albanians, which coincided with the rise of nationalism in Serbia. These events climaxed in 1989 to culminate in the removal of Kosovo autonomy. The second stage of the struggle, focused on re-establishing autonomy, and after Bosnia and Slovakia gained independence, the focus shifted to gaining independence from Yugoslavia. Initial resistance revolved around political and non-violent movements organised by the League for a Democratic Kosovo (LDK). LDK created a parallel government, taxation and education system within Kosovo. The non-violent movement worked admirably for several years, until the lack of progress towards independence and increased Serbian violence, resulted in the formation of Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), group of Albanian militants who fought relentlessly up until the 1999, to secure independence.
In the months preceding the NATO bombing, Kosovo Albanians were harassed, discriminated and tortured. Approximately 1000 Albanians were murdered in the internal conflict. Kosovo Albanians were forced out of their homes by Yugoslav military, paramilitary units and Serbian police in massive numbers leading to allegations of ethnic cleansing. After the NATO forces undertook Operation Allied Force, and during the period of international conflict, approximately 10,000 people were killed, mostly Kosovo Albanians, and mostly at the hands of the Yugoslavian military. According to the Report of the Independent International Commission on Kosovo, during the climax of the international conflict approximately 90% of the population was displaced, either escaping the conflict or as a result of ethnic cleansing.
From an internal conflict to an international conflict: Humanitarian catastrophe and Operation Allied Force
The main basis in distinguishing Kosovo from other high-risk nations lies in the unprecedented high level of international and regional involvement in Kosovo. Security Council Resolutions 1160,1199, and 1203 in 1998, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, condemned the violence and declared the internal conflict in Kosovo as a ‘threat to international peace and security’ and demanded that Yugoslavia comply promptly and effectively with the Rambouillet agreement. The Council also expressed concern at the ‘impeding human catastrophe’ and promised further action if the parties did not reduce hostilities. Direct authorization to use force in Kosovo failed to materialize as proponents of military intervention feared a Russian veto on any such mandate in the Security Council. The Council was at a deadlock. In this backdrop and in the face of escalating violence, on 24 March 1999, NATO launched its 11-week air strike. The attacks took place without express Security Council authorization.
In the aftermath and during the NATO military interventions, proponents, including the United States, rationalized the air strikes as necessary to avoid a ‘humanitarian catastrophe’. United Kingdom, at the Security Council, based its arguments on the emergence of a new doctrine of Humanitarian Intervention. Germany, after a prolonged parliamentary debate, and Belgium, in the International Court of Justice case concerning the legality of the use of force, concurred with UK and based its legal justifications on humanitarian intervention. This was the first time in history that a legal argument for humanitarian intervention was presented at an international forum, where there was also genuine human rights violations.
Before the invocation of humanitarian intervention as a justification in Kosovo, States were reluctant to utilize it even in genuine instances of humanitarian emergency. The interventions of Vietnam in Cambodia, to oust Pol Pot responsible for the Khmer Rouge genocide in 1978, actions by India in Pakistan, to secure independence for Bangladesh and end repression in 1971, and action by Tanzania in Uganda, to oust Idi Amin in 1979, were justified on the basis of self-defense. Prior to Kosovo, humanitarian intervention was asserted only once, in the aftermath of the Iraq-Kuwait war, when the UK, France and USA used force to establish safe havens for Kurds in northern Iraq. Even here, the intervention was not presented as a legal argument and was espoused only by Tony Blair, as the Prime Minister of the UK, to a domestic forum. Thus the NATO humanitarian intervention in Kosovo was uniquely different to anything experienced before and was a strong factor in establishing and maintaining international interest and stakeholders in the conflict and subsequent independence.
From an internal conflict to an international conflict: United Nations involvement in the conflict
Use of force in international relations must be in accordance with Articles 2(4) and Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. Article 2(4) prohibits the use or threat of use of force in international relations between States. Chapter VII makes it mandatory for States to obtain Security Council authorisation prior to the use of force. Article 51, provides for the exception on the absolute prohibition on the use of force, and allows States to exercise unilateral or collective self-defence, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security.
The Security Council Resolutions dealing with Kosovo did not authorise the NATO action, and indeed such sanction was a practical impossibility with Russia’s threat to veto any such mandate. Lack of express authority did not hinder NATO action as a majority of NATO States took the view that Security Council Resolutions 1160, 1199 and 1203 indicated implicit authority to use force and such force was necessary to further the aims of the Security Council. As per the views expressed at the Security Council meetings and before the International Court of Justice, these aims included maintaining peace and security of the region, preventing the escalation of violence and the impending humanitarian catastrophe, and to persuade Yugoslavia to implement the provisions of the Rambouillet agreement. Additionally along with implicit authorisation, some States also depended on post facto Security Council authorisation to strengthen the legal position of the bombings. The conspicuous omission of any reference to the bombing campaign in post war Security Counsel Resolution 1244, dealing with reconstruction of Kosovo, was taken by member States, particularly Belgium, as an indication of post facto authorisation. This was once again a novel turn of events in the history of the world. For the first time post facto Security Council authorisation was presented as a legal justification on the use of force.
Rebuilding Kosovo: United Nations and ICTY
After the NATO bombings, Yugoslavia entered into a peace agreement with the allies. Under the agreement, Yugoslavian jurisdiction over Kosovo was suspended and the United Nations was mandated under Security Council Resolution 1244 to assert its jurisdiction over the area to help establish substantial autonomy and self-government in Kosovo. Since 1999 the United Nations has been involved in Kosovo, rebuilding the civil administration, judiciary and political structure to facilitate the final political settlement. The direct presence of the United Nations, the jurisdiction given to it by FRY and the Security Council, and its involvement in the independence process, presents some semblance of legitimacy in Kosovo’s independence process. This degree of involvement is absent in many other high-risk nations.
Additionally the presence of an ad hoc international criminal tribunal, the International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia, with jurisdiction over the escalating conflict, at the time of hostilities, is another rare occurrence and symbolises extensive international involvement in the conflict.
Kosovo as a precedent?
For a small nation in the world, Kosovo has outdone itself in presenting the international legal order with multiple first time incidents. Legal justification for humanitarian intervention, reliance on implied authority coupled with post facto Security Counsel authorisation on the use of force, and the case before the International Court of Justice on the legality on the NATO bombings, has sent ripples through the waters of international law. However, even protagonists, including the UK, USA and Germany, have been quick to point out that none of the aforementioned incidents should be regarded as precedents for future action.
Similarly it is difficult to see the independence of Kosovo as a precedent to most existing secessionist movements. Certainly in Sri Lanka, India, Russia and China secessionist movements do not enjoy the wide international support experienced by the KLA. Particularly in Sri Lanka, international interest, so far, has been manifested in the form of donor conferences, diplomatic interventions and sporadic statements condemning actions of warring parties. Security Counsel under Chapter VII has not condemned the situation as a threat to peace and security. Indeed no nation has, in the recent years, threatened military action against the government or the rebels. International interest has been minimal in Sri Lanka, when compared to that of Kosovo. As a consequence, international stakeholders are lesser in numbers and their pressures on the government are not of the same level experienced by Serbia in 1998 and 1999. Unless mass atrocities occur, in the form of crimes against humanity and genocide, retaliation of the world community, to the extent of a humanitarian intervention is unlikely. It is highly doubtful that the conflict will escalate into an international conflict to the level experienced in Kosovo.
Most comparable situation with Kosovo is seen in the Kurdish controlled region in Northern Iraq. Just like Kosovo Albanians were from neighbouring Albania, Iraqi Kurds have their origins from neighbouring Turkey. Similar to Kosovo, the Kurd minority was repressed by Iraqi governments and was subject to persecution. From 1991, up until the US war in Iraq, UK, US and France militarily intervened to protect the minority. It was the first time that UK espoused humanitarian intervention, although it was in Kosovo that UK espoused a doctrine to that effect and other nations acknowledged the permissibility of use of force to avoid a humanitarian catastrophe. The use of force for the military intervention to protect the Kurds, much like in Kosovo, was not authorised by the Security Council. Never the less the protagonists relied on implicit authorisation offered by Security Council Resolution 688. Today, the Kurdish region enjoys autonomy within a greater Iraq. Although the persecutions has subsided, similarities in the situations that lead to the independence of Kosovo, is much greater in Northern Iraq, than in Sri Lanka.
Immediate aftermath of independence
The immediate aftermath of independence and the problems that Kosovo is currently facing should cure all those who believe that independence is an easy panacea for all evils. Kosovo is facing multiple problems both at international and domestic fronts. In the international arena, the European Union, proponents of the liberation of Kosovo from Serbia, and a vital factor in its final independence and immediate future, is in disharmony. Several members including Spain, Cyprus and Romania have emerged as formidable opponents to a unified European Union recognition of an independent Kosovo. Major powers including Russia, China, India, and Brazil, stalwartly refuse to recognize Kosovo as a separate entity from Serbia. Russia’s ominous decision to veto United Nations’ membership of Kosovo resonates cold war rhetoric.
Serbia, from which Kosovo declared independence, continues to declare the succession illegal, and stoutly refuse to recognize a separate nation. It continues to exert influence on parts of northern Kosovo, where approximately 60,000 Kosovo Serbs continue to profess allegiance to Serbia and are expected to participate in the Serbian local government elections scheduled in May. Following contentious deliberations, Serbia is to continue with the interest payment of a Kosovo loan, a responsibility that would ordinarily rest with the independent State. Additionally, Serbia threatens to reduce, if not sever, diplomatic ties with nations recognizing independence and halt negotiations on its accession to the European Union.
Secessions occurred throughout history, and will continue to do so, in the face of oppression, better economic prospects, and for variety of reasons. Past instances of secession has involved that of Pakistan in the partition of India in 1947, the break away of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965, Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971, States emerging from the breakup of former Soviet Union, and the six independent breakaway States of the former Yugoslavia, including Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Slovenia. In the face of past secessions, it is highly erroneous to suggest that Kosovo would trigger a stream of new secessions. Kosovo’s road to independence was violent, with heretofore unprecedented international involvement, and has created substantial opposition. Kosovo also is a resonating example of a newly independent State’s dependence on international acceptance of its status. If anything Kosovo would serve to deter others who may believe that a unilateral declaration of independence is an easy panacea to cure all ills.
For now, the situation of an independent Kosovo remains exceedingly precarious and unbelievably volatile. Refusal of majority of the world to accept Kosovo’s independence, thus far, symbolizes significant obstacles in its claims of legitimacy. However the same nations agree that while independence is not the most desirable option, it may be the least destabilizing for Kosovo. This is good news for Kosovo. In contrast, the evolving rift between permanent members of the Security Counsel and within NATO, foreshadows any jubilation and symbolizes mounting problems for the future of Kosovo and for the world.
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Life and Society
SADA-E-AZADI Magazine
Radio Bayan 88,5 FM
Cultural centre being built in Bamyan
Sada-e Azadi
A centre for preserving cultural heritage and historical monuments would be built in Bamyan province, officials said on Monday.
Hussain Ahmadpur, an official at the information and culture department, told Pajhwok Afghan News the centre would be constructed on 2.5 acres of land in front of the destroyed Buddha statues.
The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) would finance the project, whose construction work would cost $4.5 million, he added.
Construction of a museum was a part of the project and would be used to display small Buddha statues, clay pots and coins discovered in the last 10 years by archeologists in the province.
Future discoveries would be housed in the museum. Ahmadpur added another part of the centre would consist of a major hall for cultural events and gatherings.
The Ministry of Information and UNESCO have launched a competition for the initial design of the centre and would embark on construction after a winner is declared.
Bamyan has been named as the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) cultural centre for 2015 and the province will witness major events to celebrate the nomination.
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Liturgy/Worship/Spiritual Life Committee:
Cheryl Duda
Theresa Buoninfante
Deacon Robert Clemens
Tom Hoffman
Nancy Orzola
The liturgy committee oversees the organizational aspect of the daily liturgical life of the parish in an effort to enhance the spiritual life of all parishioners. The liturgy committee also concerns itself with ensuring that all who need to be catechized receive proper catechetical instruction.
One of the tasks of this committee is to recruit, train, and schedule the different liturgical ministries. Parishioners wishing to find out more about any of the following liturgical ministries may contact the Liturgy committee at (914)476-6676
Extraordinary Ministers of the Eucharist: The service of the Extraordinary Ministers of the Eucharist are twofold: to assist with distribution of the Eucharist at parish Masses and to bring the Eucharist to the homes of those unable to attend Church because of sickness, age, or disability.
Click Here to view the Extraordinary Ministers of Holy Communion schedule.
Lectors: Lectors are entrusted with the proclamation of the Word of God to the people during Mass and other occasions of worship. A Lector strives to present the Word of God with clarity and distinction so that it is not merely “read” but fully understood by the community. Click Here to view the lector schedule. Altar Servers: Fosters spiritual growth and development amongst the youth of our parish through active participation in the Mass. The servers assist the Priests at Mass and other Eucharistic celebrations. Those wishing to be altar servers must be in the 4th grade or above having received their First Communion.
Click Here to view the altar service schedule.
Music Ministry: Provides music for all liturgies during the year, enhancing the liturgical celebration by adding to our prayer and lifting the communal spirit. The musical tradition of the Church is a treasure of great value, bringing together sacred words with sacred music. Various choir opportunities available include children’s choir, teen choir, fold choir, and adult choir.
Ushers: The Usher is usually the first representative of the parish encountered by people coming to Mass. Ushers serve the parish community by being a visible sign of "welcome" to members of the parish community and visitors alike. They greet people in the name of the parish community and help to make them feel at home. Children in grades 4 and above are invited to become ushers at the Childrens Mass while adults serve at the other masses.
Youth Ministries: The youth group encompasses all young people in the parish in the 8th grade and beyond. It consists also of young adults. Membership to this group is therefore, open and free to all within this category who seek to grow in faith, spirituality, interpersonal relationships and human maturity. There is a spectrum of programs and activities available that aim at achieving the above cited goals.
This is what is needed: a Church for young people, which will know how to speak to their heart and enkindle, comfort, and inspire enthusiasm in it with the joy of the Gospel and the strength of the Eucharist; a Church which will known how to invite and to welcome the person who seeks a purpose for which to commit his whole existence; a Church which is not afraid to require much, after having given much; which does not fear asking from young people the effort of a noble and authentic adventure, such as that of the following of the Gospel (John Paul II, 1995 World Day of Prayer for Vocations)
Following the time tenured conviction of the Church that her future lies in the hands of the young, St. Bartholomew's parish community is totally united to this conviction of the Church and through the creation of the youth group, seeks to make this real. The frame work of its program and activities is shaped after the guidelines and recommendations of the United States Catholic Conference of Bishops (USCCB) in the documented titled; renewing the Vision: A frame Work for Catholic Youth Ministry, 1997. The document offers practical direction for the Church's ministry today and in the future. In summary, it offers to all parishes and youth minitries a new approach in a form called "Comprehensive Youth Ministry." This is a holistic approach that targets an all round development of the young person, body soul and spirit. This draws on three primary goals; first, to empower the young people to live as disciples of Jesus Christ in our world today. Second, to draw young people to responsible participation in the life, mission and work of the Catholic faith community. Third, to foster the total personal and spiritual growth of each young person.
The comprehensive youth ministry is what we try to implement fully here at St. Bartholomew's parish. This approach tries to develop the youth to not only grow spiritually, mentally, emotionally and in human maturity but also in faith; to become fully catholic and participate in the life and mission of the Church. In our programming we do not fail to ensure the application of the eight components of the comprehensive youth ministry which include: Advocacy, Catechesis, Community life, Ministry for Justice and service, Evangelization, Leadership development, Pastoral care, Prayer and worship.
You will have to find ways of involving young people in projects and activities of formation, spirituality, and service, giving them responsibility for themselves and their work, and taking care to avoid isolating them and their apostolate from the rest of the ecclesiastical community (Pope John Paul II, Christ Invites, Reveals and Sends, 1993).
Youth and Young Adult Service Committee:
This is the committee that is responsible for the organizing and coordinating youth activities in the parish and has the charge from the pastoral council under the following guidelines,
Coordinate all youth activities in the parish.
Initiate programs that will help the young people of the parish understand their call to holiness so as to live their Christian faith in accordance with the teachings of the church
Encourage young people's active participation in the Church activities, on the Parish, Archdiocesan, National, and on International levels.
It shall cooperate with the parish music director to ensure that those young people with singing talent and ability are supported and encouraged to enroll in the youth/tenn choirs in the parish.
Foster unity, mutual love, self respect, understanding and cooperation amoung all Catholic Youths.
Help form responsible young people who will use their God-given talents and skill for the welfare and development of the Church and their Community.
Motivate our young people and offer them a forum to freely discuss and debate issues directly affecting them in the Church and in the Society.
Motivate and encourage the young peole to participate actively in the leadership role of the Church and the political life of the Society.
Provide the young people an opportunity for systematic study and discussion on matters of religion and practical Christian living. It shall also initiate programs that will challenge the general knowledge of our youths on the Bible and the teachings of the Church on social and moral issues.
Initiate programs and activities which will provde opportunity for the young people of the parish to come together at least once a year to celebrate, socialize, interact and share with each other.
Work in collaboration and in harmony with other youth groups and Movements in the Archdiocese and beyond.
The present initative in youth activites in the parish came into being in March of 2006. During this time we have found good use of the comprehensive youth ministry approach; because, it offers us a lot of flexibility in programming and use of the same. The following programs exist for now even as we seek to develop more to help fulfill the charge given to the committee by the pastoral council and in answer to the universal vision of the Church.
We do have a youth mass celebrated every Sunday at 5:00 PM
The 5:00 PM youth mass is lead by the youth choir
We also have in place a biweekly Youth Nite where the youth come together for two hours
We also have begun to implement a celebration of the world youth day at the parish level, the first being last year, 2006.
We have in the works, mid-night runs to help serve those in desperate need.
We also have in the works a community assistance program where vistis will be made to seniors apratments, hospices, old peoples home etc to help in any way necessary and other similar or relevant assistance that can be offered.
We also have summer camps in view
We also have retreats and such similar gatherings away from home in mind.
Soon we shall commence full participation in all Archdiocesan youth activities.
Youth Nites
Our youth nites are held every other week at 6:00 PM through 8:00 PM immediately following the youth mass at 5:00 PM in the school gym. Usually we open and end with a prayer. Then we stetle down to the program of the day which can be a talk, a discussion, a celebration or any such similar events.
The meetings go through various timed segments moderated and coordinated by a different member of the committee each time. We have brakes in between when we have refreshment. We try to end the meeting in good time to give the youth time to have some play ball for sometime before the hour tops 8:00 PM.
Our activities at youth nites include age specific discussions. Community building exercise and game; social nights when we just socialize; play cards, games etc. We also use video documentaries and films at times to generate and stimulate discussions on a given youth topic. We also bring in from time to time experts to give talks and field questions from the group. We also encourage healthy interactions amongst the members of the group to help them develop trust and confidence in each other. The games and exercises are often simple and the goal or objective behind them are self evident and easy to understand. These generally serve as ice breakers and discussion generators. We also try to make sure that those who want to play ball have time to do that.
So far the youth and young adult group in the parish enjoys the support of the Parish Pastoral council. The youth serve as lectors, lead the choir and also serve on the altar at mass. The measured publicity at mass so far has created a general community awareness and support of the new initiative in youth ministry. However, the goal is to have the youth participate in every sphere of the parish life bearing in mind all the components of the comprehensive youth ministry so that they can mature over time in taking part in the Churches life and mission and at the right time as full fledged adults, assume those key roles and leadership positions as people of mature faith in the community when the time comes. At such a time they would have been tenured as individuals with the requisite experience acquired in full and active participation in youth and young adult activities.
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Apr-04-2012 01:35 TweetFollow @OregonNews
PAKISTAN: Ahmadi Leader Tortured to Death in Police Custody
Letter by William Gomes Salem-News.com
Salem-News.com Eye on the World report.
This is reported to be the police station at Chenab Nagar, also known as Rabwah, where the torture death took place.
Photo credit/learn more: panoramio.com
(HONG KONG) - The suspects in the dramatic police custody torture death of a school teacher in Punjab province, are two police inspectors, two officers, and a deputy police superintendent with the Chenab Nagar police station.
The 43-year old victim is Abdul Qudoos Ahmad, a well respected teacher from the Ahmadiyya sect. The incident was reported on 30 March 2012. He is said to have been kept in the illegal captivity of police for 35 days during which time he was tortured without mercy; hung upside down by his ankles for long periods, and forced to lay flat on his back while a heavy wooden roller, similar to those used to flatten cricket pitches, was rolled over his body. His captors stood on either side making sure he could not escape the torment. Such inhumane and merciless treatment led to multiple organ failures and other physical injuries.
The aforementioned methods of torture are but a few examples of the torment inflicted on him in a demonstration of hatred against the Ahmadis by the law enforcers.
The world has its own set of laws that were agreed upon by the ruling nations in 1948, and many people are not aware of this simple fact. At the root of the concept of world citizenry itself, is the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, an overriding and supreme law that ensures many essential human rights that governments today fail to observe.
Also central to any hope of human success, is the understanding of the human hierarchy of needs, as defined by Abraham Maslow- more information on this at the conclusion of this entry. We must use the Internet as a tool of justice at every junction, and we need to assist all human beings, everywhere, and not allow cultural, racial or religious preferences as determiners.
In his letter to Mr. Asif Ali Zardari, President of Pakistan in Islamabad, Mr. William Gomes asks the Pakistani President to conduct a judicial inquiry into the illegal detention and torture of Mr Abdul Qudoos Ahmad, and prosecute all the officials of the Chenab Nagar police station on charges of torture and the murder. He also urges the exposure of torture cells in the police station and the suspension all the police officers of the district until the completion of the judicial inquiry. Needless to say, it is also imperative that the government ensures the safety and security of the family members and see that a proper autopsy is conducted with the assistance of forensic experts.
Mr. Asif Ali Zardari
President of Pakistan
President’s Secretariat
Tel: +92 51 9204801-9214171
Email: publicmail@president.gov.pk
Re: PAKISTAN: Ahmadi leader tortured to death in police custody
Dear President of Pakistan,
Name of victim: Mr Abdul Qudoos Ahmad, a school teacher, resident of Chenab Nagar (Rabwah), Punjab province
Names of alleged perpetrators:
1. Mr. Sujhat Ali, Sub Inspector of Police
2. Mr. Manazar Ali, Sub Inspector of Police
3. Mr. Khadim Hussain, Station House Officer (SHO)
All are attached to the Chenab Nagar police station, Punjab province
4. Deputy Superintendent of Police, Chenab Nagar, Punjab province
5. District Police Officer of Chenab Nagar, Punjab province
Date of incident: 30 March 2012
Place of incident: Chenab Nagar, Punjab province
I am shocked to know that he was kept in the illegal captivity of police for 35 days during which time he was tortured without mercy. The victim was was hung upside down by his ankles for long periods. On other occasions he was forced to lay flat on his back while a heavy wooden roller, similar to those used to flatten cricket pitches, was rolled over his body. His captors stood on either side making sure he could not escape the torment. Such inhumane and merciless treatment led to multiple organ failure and other physical injuries. The aforementioned methods of torture are but a few examples of the torment inflicted on him in a demonstration of hatred against the Ahmadis by the law enforcers.
I have learned that Mr. Abdul Qudoos Ahmad (43), a well respected school teacher, belonging to the Ahmadiyya sect was tortured to death while in police custody in Chenab Nagar (the Ahmadi community refers to it by its old name of Rabwah), Punjab province. He was taken into custody by the police on 10 February 2012 and was kept in a private torture cell of the police until 26 March when his condition deteriorated due to the severe torture he endured. He remained in police custody for 46 days with any charges being laid against him and was not officially arrested. He was forced to confess to the murder of one, Muhammad Yousuf, a stamp-paper seller from the Nusrat Abad area who was murdered a few months earlier. During the illegal detention Mr. Qudoos was deprived from access to any the legal aid was not provided.
I am appalled that during the illegal dentition Mr. Qudoos was denied access to any legal assistance. The police officials continued the torture throughout the illegal detention and when Mr. Qudoos’ physical condition deteriorated due to the heartless and callous treatment the police forced a family member to place his signature of a piece of blank paper and take him back home. Mr. Qudoos was released on 26 March, 2012 and his family sought immediate medical attention for him. Despite the best efforts of the family and doctors he was unable to recover and on 30 March, 2012 he passed away in the hospital.
Typically, as is the custom of the police, the version filed by the police named only two subordinate officers in their report. SHO Khadim Hussain of the Chenab Nagar police registered a police case only against sub inspectors, Sujhat Ali and Manazar Ali, under sections 302, 148, 34 of the Pakistan Penal Code. In this manner, impunity was assured to the real murderers including SHO Khadim Hussain and other police officials.
It is with the connivance of a provincial law minister that the Punjab provincial police have been able to hide the criminal practice of the police of keeping suspects in illegal detention for months during which time they are tortured to get confessional statements and bribes. The provincial law minister has been instrumental in sheltering the high officials of the police from involvement in these heinous crimes. These officers include the District Police Officer (DPO), the highest police officer of the district, the Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP), under whom the police station of Chenab Nagar comes, and the officer in charge of the police station, SHO Khadim Hussain.
I am sure that the brother-in-law of the victim, Mr. Imtiaz Ahmed was very distressed when he stated that Mr. Qudoos’ was brutally tortured during interrogations, causing severe internal injuries. He accused the police that when the teacher was released the police threatened the family members to hush up the matter. According to Mr. Imtiaz Mr. Qudoos was admitted to a local hospital where he died due to excessive loss of blood.
How can the police expect anyone to believe that a man could be kept in a police station for 46 days and continuously tortured and the SHO and other high officials including the DSP of the concerned police station knew nothing about the incident. This criminal act by the district police has been covered up under guise of releasing the prisoner to hide the illegal and supra constitutional behavior of the police.
It is also incredible to learn that the Punjab government has yet not started any investigation in to the incident of arbitrary detention, torture and misuse of police power against the concerned police officers. It is a very well known fact the provincial government and particularly the provincial law minister have connections with Muslim fundamentalists groups and banned Islamic organizations who are very much against the Ahmadis and who have been involved in the killings of Ahmadis and Shias, the second largest Muslim sect.
The illegal dentition and torture clearly violated the procedural law, specifically Section 61 of Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) of 1898 “No police officer shall detain in custody a person arrested without a warrant for a longer period than under all circumstances of the case is reasonable, and such period shall not, in the absence of a special order of a magistrate under Section 167, exceed 24 hours exclusive of the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Magistrate’s Court.” . The procedural law stated that a person arrested not be detained more than 24 hours but Mr.Qudoos was illegally detained for 46 days.
Torture is not criminalized in Pakistan. In absence of the anti torture law and loop hole in the substantive and procedural laws in Pakistan, law enforcement agencies are enjoying full impunity. The police are using torture as their daily method of extracting information and bribes from the accused in their custody. Several sections of Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) of 1898 including Section 46 (2- 3) need to amended and specially sections 54 & 55 extend the police powers over persons who are still to be declared as accused, by permitting arrest without warrant. Specifically in this case Master Abdul Qudoos Ahmad was arrested without warrant and tortured to death.
Please note I have written separate letters to the UN Special Rapporteurs on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions calling for their intervention into this matter.
I therefore urge you to conduct a judicial inquiry into the illegal detention and torture of a school teacher from Ahmadi sect and prosecute all the officials of the Chenab Nagar police station and DPO on the charges of torture and the murder of an innocent teacher. I also urge to unearth the torture cells from the police station and suspend all the police officers of the district until the completion of the judicial inquiry. Also please ensure the safety and security of the family members and see that a proper autopsy is conducted with the assistance of forensic experts.
William Nicholas Gomes
William’s Desk
www.williamgomes.org
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
As children we are educated in right and wrong, we are told how to conduct ourselves; we learn both expectations and limitations, and from that point we go forth with these tools, and our individual personalities, and fail or succeed accordingly.
In school we quickly understand that without paper, there is no place to write. Once we have paper, a pen or pencil is required to move to the next point. There is a great analogy that exists between this simple concept of paper and pen, and what we know today as Maslow's hierarchy of needs- the theory in psychology proposed in Abraham Maslow's 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation.
He demonstrated how without the correct necessities, a person can do little good for themselves, and has none to offer for others. However when people are housed and have clothing, heat, food, health and security, anything is possible. However if just one of these dynamics is removed from the mix, the chance for success can be adversely affected.
Wikipedia describes Maslow's hierarchy of needs as a pyramid consisting of five levels:
The lowest level is associated with physiological needs, while the uppermost level is associated with self-actualization needs, particularly those related to identity and purpose.
The higher needs in this hierarchy only come into focus when the lower needs in the pyramid are met. Once an individual has moved upwards to the next level, needs in the lower level will no longer be prioritized. If a lower set of needs is no longer be met, the individual will temporarily re-prioritize those needs by focusing attention on the unfulfilled needs, but will not permanently regress to the lower level.
For instance, a businessman at the esteem level who is diagnosed with cancer will spend a great deal of time concentrating on his health (physiological needs), but will continue to value his work performance (esteem needs) and will likely return to work during periods of remission.
And finally, if you care about our efforts, please help us by sending a donation, we seriously need it as ad revenue is very limited, and we aren't doing this to make money. Your support allows our attention to remain with content which is vital. There is a PayPal logo at the top of Salem-News.com. Please help us fight the good fight.
Our PayPal email is bonjtheartists@hotmail.com
Special thanks to William's Desk
williamgomes.org
Salem-News.com Writer William Nicholas Gomes is a Bangladeshi journalist, human rights activist and author was born on 25 December, 1985 in Dhaka. As an investigative journalist he wrote widely for leading European and Asian media outlets.
He is also active in advocating for free and independent media and journalists’ rights, and is part of the free media movement, Global Independent Media Center – an activist media network for the creation of radical, accurate, and passionate telling of the truth. He worked for Italian news agency Asianews.it from year 2009 to 2011, on that time he was accredited as a free lance journalist by the press information department of Bangladesh. During this time he has reported a notable numbers of reports for the news agency which were translated into Chinese and Italian and quoted by notable number of new outlets all over the world.He, ideologically, identifies himself deeply attached with anarchism. His political views are often characterized as “leftist” or “left-wing,” and he has described himself as an individualist anarchist.
Pakistan | Media | Politics | History | Most Commented on
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Jan-27-2014 14:19 TweetFollow @OregonNews
Market Disruptor: Nuclear Restarts Spell Trouble for LNG
Nick Cunningham for Salem-News.com
Investors should be aware of the very large threat that Japanese nuclear reactors present to upstart LNG projects.
Courtesy: maritime-executive.com
(LONDON OilPrices.com) - There are two major factors that have emerged in the last five years that have sparked a surge in LNG investments. First is the shale gas “revolution” in the United States, which allowed the U.S. to vault to the top spot in the world for natural gas production. This caused prices to crater to below $2 per million Btu (MMBTu) in 2012, down from their 2008 highs above $10/MMBtu. Natural gas became significantly cheaper in the U.S. than nearly everywhere else in the world.
The second major event that opened the floodgates for investment in new LNG capacity is the Fukushima nuclear crisis in Japan. Already the largest importer of LNG in the world before the triple meltdown in March 2011, Japan had to ratchet up LNG imports to make up for the power shortfall when it shut nearly all of its 49 gigawatts of nuclear capacity. In 2012, Japan accounted for 37% of total global LNG demand.
The combined effect of shale gas production in the U.S. and skyrocketing LNG demand from Japan opened up a wide gulf between the Henry Hub benchmark price in the U.S. and much higher oil-linked prices around the world. LNG markets, which are not liquid, could not meet the surge in Japanese demand. Platts' Japan/Korea Marker (JKM) price for spot LNG floated between $4-$10/MMBTu the year and half before Fukushima. In the few months after the meltdown, the JKM price quickly jumped to $18/MMBTu. Almost three years later, the JKM price for month-ahead delivery in January 2014 hit $18.95/MMBTu.
In contrast, Henry Hub prices – despite reaching a more than two year high – were only $4.50/MMBTu for the first week of 2014. After factoring in the costs of liquefaction and transportation – somewhere in the range of $4-$5/MMBTu – companies could still make a substantial profit taking U.S. gas and exporting it to Asia.
Thus ensued a scramble to permit and build LNG export facilities in the U.S., often by retooling and turning around what were once import terminals. As of December 6, 2013, the U.S. Department of Energy had 28 applications for LNG export facilities to countries without which the U.S. has a free-trade agreement (five of them have been approved).
Cheniere Energy (NYSE: LNG) has been the primary beneficiary of DOE's policy to incrementally approve LNG exports. Cheniere has already signed contracts to deliver gas to Britain's BG Group, France's Total, India's Gail, Spain's Gas Natural Fenosa, and South Korea's Kogas. Its stock price has soared since it received permission to begin construction on its Sabine Pass liquefaction facility on the U.S. Gulf Coast, which would allow the export of 18 million tonnes of LNG per annum (MTPA) in Phase 1. From August 6, 2012 – the day before it received its permit – until the market close of January 10, 2014, Cheniere's stock price climbed from $14.66 to $46.37 per share, more than a three-fold increase.
Other companies are lobbying the government to quickly approve more export terminals, but it is more than likely that only the first-movers will make some serious money with the stragglers left behind. While its competitors are awaiting permit approvals, construction is already underway at Cheniere's Sabine Pass liquefaction facility.
LNG Expansions Around the World
Australia plans to triple its LNG capacity over the coming four or five years, which will allow it to surpass Qatar as the largest LNG exporter in the world. There are seven liquefaction facilities under construction in Australia, with a capacity of 62 million tonnes per year. This means that by 2017, according to the International Gas Union (IGU), Australia's LNG export capacity will reach 83 MTPA.
Australia's projects are further along and closer to their target market of Japan, so many will beat out U.S. proposals. Despite all the buzz in the U.S. about LNG export terminals, and the more than 190 MTPA of applications on backlog with the DOE, very little of that will be actually constructed (it is pretty easy to merely submit an application). The IGU estimates the U.S. will only bring online an additional 8 MTPA or so over the next four to five years, up from about 2 MTPA last year. Australia is where the action is.
Chevron (NYSE: CVX) is heavily invested in Australian LNG and already has several terminals up and running with more capacity coming online in 2015. BG Group (LON: BG) is scheduled to start exports of LNG at its Queensland Curtis facility this year. These companies are well-positioned to serve the insatiable demand from Japan.
Market Disruptor – Japan's Nuclear Restarts
So conventional wisdom tells us that there is a boat load of cash to make riding the LNG wave. But aside from the historic price volatility for natural gas that should give investors reason for pause, looking over the horizon, there is one big factor that could disrupt LNG investments: if Japan moves to restart some or all of its nuclear reactors, many LNG terminals may cease to be profitable.
Japan was once the third largest producer of nuclear power after the U.S. and France. After the Fukushima meltdown, Japan replaced its 49 GW of nuclear capacity with imported LNG (which jumped 24%) as well as imported coal and oil. Yet Japan may be in the cusp of a return to nuclear. According to DNV GL's LNG blog, the restart of all of Japan's 50 nuclear reactors would mean it could displace about 51 million tonnes of imported LNG.
This amounts to about one-fifth of the entire global LNG trade, and would cause a significant drop in the JKM spot price. This means the spread between the landing price of LNG in Asia and the wellhead prices of say, Australia, or the United States, would narrow. Without that arbitrage, it wouldn't make sense to send liquefied gas around the world from many places. Marginal projects would be forced out virtually overnight.
The Japanese government put in place new safety regulations last summer that utilities must meet in order to receive approval to restart their reactors. Japan's Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA) is currently reviewing applications from seven utilities to restart a total of 16 nuclear reactors, or about one-fourth of Japan's nuclear fleet. More applications are in the offing.
While anti-nuclear resentment runs strong in Japan these days, the government is facing quite a bit of pressure to return to its nukes. Post-Fukushima, Japan posted a trade deficit for the first time in decades due to the huge cost of importing coal, gas, and oil. By one estimate, turning half its nuclear fleet back online could save $20 billion per year, good enough to wipe out a big chunk of its trade deficit – which widened to $12.6 billion in November 2013. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe supports nuclear power, making a return to nuclear more likely.
If the Japanese public and government can begin to trust the new regulatory regime, and accept a return to nuclear power, its LNG demand will plummet. As the largest LNG importer in the world by far, this would leave many LNG projects stuck at sea.
In particular, LNG terminals in the U.S. – which are not the lowest cost producers – would be in trouble. Not all companies that have applied for permits will actually move forward with investment, and thus, would be less vulnerable to nuclear restarts. But the ones that do move forward are taking on the risk as well as the potential reward. But with LNG projects proliferating around the world, many companies will be competing for a smaller pie should Japan return to nuclear power.
Cheniere Energy is the first that comes to mind. Dominion Resources (NYSE: D) is another. Dominion hopes to move forward with a $3.8 billion retrofit of its Cove Point facility on the Chesapeake Bay, which is also the subject of a growing environmental backlash. Some Australian projects that are further behind may lose out as well, such as the Arrow LNG project, a 50-50 venture between Royal Dutch Shell (NYSE: RDS.A) and PetroChina (NYSE: PTR). Woodside Petroleum (WPL) has already scrapped its original plans for the Browse LNG project because of high costs. Its Sunrise project, mired in political disputes, may yet get off the ground, but would be vulnerable to Japanese reactors. Russia has major LNG expansion plans, which would face stiff competition if Japan's reactors turn back on. Novatek (LON: NVTK) has plans to invest $15-$20 billion in its liquefaction facility on the Yamal peninsula, and Gazprom hopes to put $13.5 billion into a facility at Vladivostok – although the latter would at least be in a very advantageous location.
The future of LNG may indeed be bright, especially when considering that global energy demand has nowhere to go but up. But, investors should be aware of the very large threat that Japanese nuclear reactors present to upstart LNG projects.
Source: http://oilprice.com/Energy/Natural-Gas/Market-Disruptor-Nuclear-Restarts-Spells-Trouble-for-LNG.html
By. Nick Cunningham of Oilprice.com
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From border wall fight to new “sanctuary” law, immigration dominated Texas news in 2017
DACA supporters held a press conference in front of the Texas Attorney General's Office in Austin on Tuesday, Sept. 5, 2017, after the Trump administration announced the program was ending. Julián Aguilar / The Texas Tribune
Posted By: Robyn Simkins December 21, 2017
BY JULIÁN AGUILAR – Texas Tribune
President Donald Trump’s crackdown on illegal immigration garnered a lion’s share of headlines in 2017. But the state’s Republican lawmakers weren’t about to be upstaged by Washington, D.C. on the hot-button issue.
The election of President Donald Trump meant that big changes to how the federal government would enforce immigration laws were coming to the country. But the chants of “Build the Wall” heard at Trump rallies had barely begun to fade when Republican state lawmakers decided that they too would ramp up border security and immigration efforts at the state level. From the Texas Legislature’s passage of Senate Bill 4 to the Trump administration’s decision to end the 2012 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, immigration dominated headlines, debates and policy in 2017.
1. Senate Bill 4
Even before state lawmakers gaveled in the 85th Texas Legislature in January, they knew it was the year they’d finally pass some version of a bill to outlaw “sanctuary cities” – the term for local governments that don’t enforce federal immigration laws. They had been in Republican crosshairs since 2011, though lawmakers were unsuccessful that year, and also in 2015, at passing a bill.
That changed in late April when the Texas House adopted the Senate’s version of Senate Bill 4, by state Sen. Charles Perry, R-Lubbock, and added a controversial provision that paved the way for local officers to question the immigration status of anyone they detain. As passed, SB 4 also punishes local government department heads and elected officials who don’t cooperate with federal immigration “detainers” — requests by agents to turn over immigrants subject to possible deportation — in the form of jail time and penalties that exceed $25,000. It also mandates that local entities exchange immigration information they obtain with federal officials.
A bulk of the legislation is currently tied up in a federal appeals court after several cities and counties filed suit to stop its implementation. But some provisions, including the questioning of status and the detainer provision, have been temporarily allowed to take effect, pending a final ruling. It’s unclear when that will come down, but lawmakers still remember the battle that raged in Austin during debate on the bill. Several have said it’s one of the most contentious bills to ever hit the upper and lower chambers and that it’s done permanent damage to some of the relationships between lawmakers who work under the pink dome.
2. The end of DACA
He promised more than once to do it on the campaign trail. Yet many undocumented immigrants and their supporters were stunned when, in October, President Donald Trump announced he was ending the Obama administration’s 2012 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. That program, known as DACA, granted qualified applicants — including about 124,000 Texans — a work permit and a reprieve from deportation proceedings. The program is set to expire in March. Though many of his most loyal supporters want to see a permanent end to DACA, Trump has conceded that he wants a solution that protects some Dreamers, the term for undocumented immigrants who were brought to the country as young children. But he’s also stated that he wants more border and immigration enforcement in any legislation that gets to his desk. Despite a push to include a fix in must-pass spending bills debated earlier this month, lawmakers delayed debate on any proposal until next year.
3. The Border Wall
Okay, Mexico isn’t going to pay for it after all.
But that’s one of the few promises about President Trump’s border wall that he won’t be able to keep. his administration moved forward in 2017 with steps to build some sort of physical barrier along the southwest border. In October, Customs and Border Protection announced it had completed eight wall prototypes that would be tested over the next few months. Although the administration eventually conceded that constructing a wall along the entire border isn’t possible, plans to build a barrier along most of it are moving forward. That’s riled up some Texans who point out that, unlike in other border states where the land is federally owned, most of the land in Texas where a border wall could potentially be constructed is on private property. That means landowners who live along the border are bracing for federal agents who want their land to appear at their door.
4. $800 million in state border-security spending, again.
The Texas Legislature approved an initial $800 million boost in border-security spending in 2015. Gov. Greg Abbott and his Republican colleagues said then it was necessary for the state to act because the Obama administration was failing in its responsibility to secure the border. They cited the surge of undocumented women and children coming from Central America that began in 2014 as proof.
But despite the Trump Administration’s promise to make border security a priority, Texas lawmakers doled out the same amount in 2017. They said during the 85th legislative session that they couldn’t predict how the Trump White House would approach border security, which they argued justified the spending. Meanwhile, Democrats haven’t quieted in their criticism of the budget, arguing that the initial call for the 2015 expenditure was a result of women and children – not gang members or terrorists – flooding the Texas-Mexico border.
Read related Tribune coverage:
After years of seeking asylum in U.S., a Mexican reporter and his son just narrowly escaped deportation earlier this month. Their attorney eventually halted the deportation. [Full story]
In the face of a running political argument over what to do with “Dreamers,” most Texas voters oppose deportation, according to the latest University of Texas/Texas Tribune Poll. [Full story]
“The President is determined, first and finally, to build a wall at the border,” U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions said during a 20-minute speech in downtown Austin in October. [Full story]
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OBE for Sheriff
Sheriff Iona Sara McDonald has been recognised in the Queen’s Birthday Honours List.
Sheriff McDonald, senior sheriff at Kilmarnock Sheriff Court, has been appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to law and order.
Sheriff McDonald was educated at Cumnock Academy and she graduated from Glasgow University with a Master of Arts in 1976 and Law degree in 1978.
She was appointed as a temporary Sheriff in 1994 and received a full appointment in 2000 to the Sheriffdom of North Strathclyde, sitting in Paisley and Kilmarnock Sheriff courts. Since 2007 she has been senior sheriff at Kilmarnock.
During her distinguished career Sheriff McDonald has held a number of other positions. She has acted as a court reporter in family cases and as a safeguarder in children’s hearings. She has been a facilitator for judicial training and a mentor to newly appointed sheriffs. In 2010 she was appointed a member of the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service Board where she was chair of the Estates Committee. She was also involved in the training of Justices of the Peace and Children’s Panel members. Sheriff Iona McDonald is involved in charity fundraising, in particular for the British Heart Foundation.
In 2017, she was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ayrshire by Her Majesty The Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, having previously served as a Deputy Lieutenant since 2014.
The Queen’s Birthday Honours List 2019 recognises the outstanding achievements of people across the United Kingdom.
The OBE is awarded for having a major local role in any activity, including people whose work has made them known nationally in their chosen area.
Lady Rae awarded Honorary Doctorate of Laws
Friday, 5 July, 2019
Reforms to how evidence is taken
Lord Boyd appointed to Investigatory Powers Tribunal
Judicial Institute strategic plan
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Padres select shortstop C.J. Abrams in MLB Draft
Published - 06/04/19 - 08:00 AM | 672 views | 0 | 13 | |
The San Diego Padres selected shortstop C.J. Abrams from Blessed Trinity High School (Ga.) with the sixth overall pick in MLB’s 2019 First-Year Player Draft, executive vice president/general manager A.J. Preller and director of amateur scouting Mark Conner announced on June 3.
Recommended by Padres area scout Tyler Stubblefield, Abrams, 18, led Blessed Trinity High (31-9) to the Class AAAA semifinals this past season, hitting .431 with three home runs, 42 runs scored, 27 RBI and a .723 SLG. A 2018 Perfect Game All-American Classic team member and a 2018 Under Armour All-American Game invitee, the 6-2, 182-pound left-handed hitter is the nation’s second-ranked prep prospect byBaseball America and Perfect Game. The senior shortstop also slashed .297/.395/.324 in nine games for USA Baseball’s 18U National Team this past fall.
The Padres will make two more selections tonight with the 48th and 73rd overall selections. The draft will continue tomorrow at 10:05 a.m. with rounds 3-10 and will conclude on Wednesday, June 5, with rounds 11-40.
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INDIANA (USA)
1967 - BUNKER HILL SPEEDWAY
Bunker Hill Speedway was a 1/3rd mile semi banked paved oval track that opened in 1967, The track ran quite succesfully and in 1982 the sealed surface was removed and a new dirt surface brought in, just two short years on and the track would be closed after 1984.
By 1995 the track was once again opened only to close again in 2002, Re-opening again in 2005 and closing again in 2008 for the last time.
1998 - BUNKER HILL SPEEDWAY LOCATION
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Wendy Ewald: Works, Projects, Collaborations 1975 - 1996
April 19 – June 2, 2018
Press Release Artists Press
Wendy Ewald
"Self-portrait reaching for the Red Star sky" -
Denise Dixon, Kentucky, 1979
Vintage gelatin silver print, printed ca. 1979
Signed by student; signed and dated by artist verso
"I asked my sister to take a picture of me on Easter morning" - Ruby Cornett, Kentucky, 1979
"I am lying on the back of my old horse" -
Russell Akeman, Kentucky, 1980
"Phillip and Jamie are creatures from outer space in their space-ship" - Denise Dixon, Kentucky, 1975-1982
Vintage gelatin silver print, printed ca. 1975-1982
First Communion, Colombia, 1982-1985
Vintage gelatin silver print, printed ca. 1982 -1985
The Mirror, Colombia, 1982-1985
Untitled, India, 1989-1990
Tidi, Harijan (Untouchable Caste), India, 1989-1990
"Here is my cousin, Miry, with the skulls and fruit for the Day of the Dead" - Juan Jesús Murillo, Mexico, 1991
Vintage gelatin silver print, printed ca.1991
Signed, titled, dated, numbered and stamped by artist verso
"The phantom" - Teresa López, Mexico, 1991
"I am dead" - Palesa Molahloe, South Africa, 1992
"What I don't like about where I live - a black man" - Nicoline Cuyler, South Africa, 1992
32 1/8 x 25 3/4 inches
Portrait of Rajae Jabine, Morocco, 1995
"My little sister is praying" - Mounia Betioui, Morocco, 1995
Untitled, The Netherlands, 1996
"My sister in our garden fishing" - Willeke van den Dool, The Netherlands, 1996
Exhibition: April 19th – June 2nd, 2018
Opening Reception: April 19th, 2018, 6 – 8 PM
Steven Kasher Gallery presents a major exhibition of artist Wendy Ewald’s collaborative photographic projects. The exhibition features over 70 black and white vintage prints from seven of Ewald’s earliest projects. It begins with her first extended collaboration in Kentucky in 1975 and includes projects from Mexico (1991), India (1989-1991), the Netherlands (1996), Colombia (1982-1985), South Africa (1992) and Morocco (1995). For over 40 years, Ewald has traveled the globe as part of a sustained and evolving artistic and educational project. In each new location, Ewald begins by addressing the conceptual, formal, and narrative aspects of photography with her students, as well as making portraits of them. She teaches them to use the camera, many for the first time. Leaving the subject matter open, the children are free to explore societal issues that are relevant to their communities, including race, class, and gender. The results are poetic and vibrant portraits that reveal intimate connections between her students and their worlds.
In 1969 Ewald volunteered to work with children on a Native American reservation in eastern Canada. Intent on a career in photography and inspired by Dorothea Lange's photographs of Depression-era farmers, she imagined producing her own documentation of life on the reservation. But the photographs her young students took with cameras Wendy brought to them fundamentally changed her approach. Their photographs, she says ''were more complicated and disturbing than mine, and closer, I realized, to what their life was like.''
In 1975, Ewald moved to rural Letcher County, Kentucky and began working with children between the ages of six and fourteen. She spent six years there, establishing the roots of her practice. Rather than simply documenting the children’s lives, Ewald removed herself as the exclusive author and instead provided the children with the tools and skills to document their own lives. In doing so, Ewald challenged fundamental distinctions between conceptual art and documentary photography, between photographer and subject, and between teacher and student. This work paved the way for her continuing collaborative explorations.
These photographs are many things, but one thing they are not is the singular vision of Wendy Ewald. What Ewald produces with her students is a different kind of story about children, an illustrated tale that adults would never imagine. Their photographs are as haunting and heartbreaking as anything by Diane Arbus, Nan Goldin, Eugene Meatyard or other photographers documenting the rough poetry of everyday life. They are at times outlandish, lyrical, even disturbing as in "What I don't like about where I live -- a black man," a 1992 image taken by a white South African girl named Nicoline Cuyler.
The documentary aspect of Ewald’s work can be compared to photographic masters such as Walker Evans and Robert Frank, while the conceptual aspects parallel artists such as Vito Acconci and Douglas Huebler. Ewald’s work radically alters conventional definitions of individual authorship. Her practice models new forms of artistic intentions, identities and power relations. Over several decades, through her numerous museum exhibitions and her books, Ewald’s practice has inspired several generations of collaborative artists, including Hank Willis Thomas, Jim Goldberg, LaToya Ruby Frazier and Susan Meiselas.
Wendy Ewald was born in 1951 in Detroit, Michigan. A major retrospective of her work, Wendy Ewald: Secret Games: Collaborative Works with Children, 1969-1999 opened at the Fotomusuem Winterthur in April 2000 and traveled to the Stills Gallery, Edinburgh; the Museet for Fotokunst, Odense; the Addison Gallery of American Art; the Corcoran Gallery of Art; Museum of Art at the Rhode Island School of Design; the Museum of Contemporary Art, Kansas City; the North Carolina Museum of Art and the Queens Museum of Art. Her work is found in the permanent collections of numerous museums including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Library of Congress, Whitney Museum of American Art, Detroit Institute of Art, Mead Museum of Art, and the Addison Gallery of Art. Ewald is the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship (the “Genius Grant”), a Fulbright Fellowship and major grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Andy Warhol Foundation, the Surdna Foundation, the Open Society Institute and the Kentucky Arts Commission. She was a Senior Fellow at the Vera List Center for Art and Politics, and a Senior Research Associate for Documentary Studies at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Ewald has published fourteen monographs including Portraits and Dreams (Writers & Readers, 1985) Magic Eyes: Scenes from an Andean Girlhood (Bay Press Seattle 1992), I Wanna Take Me a Picture: Teaching Photography and Writing to Children (Beacon Press 2001), Secret Games: Wendy Ewald Collaborative Works 1969-1999, (Scalo, 2000) and American Alphabets (Scalo, 2005) and This Is Where I Live (Mack, 2015)
Wendy Ewald: Works, Projects, Collaborations 1975 - 1996 will be on view April 19th-June 2nd, 2018 at Steven Kasher Gallery, located at 515 W. 26th St., New York, NY 10001. Gallery hours are Tuesday through Saturday, 10 AM to 6 PM. For more information about the exhibition and all other general inquiries, please contact Cassandra Johnson, 212 966 3978, cassandra@stevenkasher.com.
Musée Magazine on Wendy EwaldJune 11, 2018
Musée Magazine reviewed SKG's recent exhibition from the artist Wendy Ewald titled Wendy Ewald: Works, Projects, Collaborations 1975-1996.
Download PDF View More
The New Yorker on Wendy EwaldMay 31, 2018
SKG artist Wendy Ewald speaks with Andrea K. Scott of the New Yorker on her collaborations with children in rural areas. Her exhibition featuring this work, Wendy Ewald: Works, Projects, Collaborations 1975-1996, is on view at SKG through June 2.
Download PDF www.newyorker.com
PDN on Wendy EwaldMay 10, 2018
Holly Stuart Hughes of PDN speaks with SKG artist Wendy Ewald on her current solo exhibition at Steven Kasher Gallery open through June 2.
Download PDF digitalmag.pdnonline.com
Photograph Mag on Wendy EwaldMay 10, 2018
Wendy Ewald speaks with Photograph Mag about one of her favorite photographs from her Mexico series. Images from the series are on view at SKG through June 2 in her solo exhibtion, Wendy Ewald: Works, Projects, Collaborations 1975-1996.
Download PDF photographmag.com
L'Oeil de la Photographie on Wendy EwaldApril 30, 2018
Wendy Ewald's current solo exhibition at SKG is featured by L'Oeil de la Photographie. The show features over 70 black and white images from 7 projects spanning 21 years and is open through June 2.
Download PDF loeildelaphotographie.com
L'Oeil de la Photographie on Wendy Ewald and RefractionApril 18, 2018
L'Oeil de la Photographie features SKG's upcoming exhibitions Wendy Ewald: Works, Project, Collaborations 1975-1996 and Refraction: New Photography of Africa and Its Diaspora. Join us on April 19 from 6-8pm for their opening receptions. Both exhibits will be open through June 2.
Bomb on Wendy EwaldMarch 15, 2016
SKG artist Wendy Ewald in conversation with Esther Allen on her latest series and her collaborations with children.
Download PDF bombmagazine.org
Bowdoin on Wendy EwaldMarch 14, 2016
SKG artist Wendy Ewald in conversation with Tom Porter of Bowdoin on her time in time in the Halley K Harrisburg ’90 and Michael Rosenfeld Artist-in-Residence.
Download PDF community.bowdoin.edu
This Place on Wendy EwaldAugust 5, 2015
Wendy Ewald in conversation with Charlotte Cotton on her series, This Is Where I Live.
Download PDF www.this-place.org
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LlangeithoVillageThe quiet village of Llangeitho sits on the banks of the river Aeron. The village is most renowned for its connection to the famous Welsh Methodist preacher, Daniel Rowland, who was born in nearby Nantcwnlle in 1713.
Thousands travelled from far and wide to hear Rowland's furious, terrifying sermons preaching hell-fire and damnation in Llangeitho's chapel. Rowland was buried in the village and there is a memorial column dedicated to him. Two more chapels were built in 1764 and 1814, and the village witnessed many religious revivals with the most powerful being that of 1762 when rejoicing, dancing and jumping for joy when Welsh Methodists were dubbed the 'Jumpers' as a result.CeredigionSY25 6TWUnited Kingdom52.218414088973-4.022798538208http://www.showmewales.co.uk/?dms=3&pid=
Llangeitho
The quiet village of Llangeitho sits on the banks of the river Aeron. The village is most renowned for its connection to the famous Welsh Methodist preacher, Daniel Rowland, who was born in nearby Nantcwnlle in 1713.
Thousands travelled from far and wide to hear Rowland's furious, terrifying sermons preaching hell-fire and damnation in Llangeitho's chapel. Rowland was buried in the village and there is a memorial column dedicated to him. Two more chapels were built in 1764 and 1814, and the village witnessed many religious revivals with the most powerful being that of 1762 when rejoicing, dancing and jumping for joy when Welsh Methodists were dubbed the 'Jumpers' as a result.
Ceredigion,
SY25 6TW
Map reference: SN 619597 Lat: 52.21841 Long: -4.02280
B4342 off the A485 just south-west of Tregaron.
Accessible by Public Transport: 17 miles from Aberystwyth station
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Date: Mon 15/Apr/2013, 11:13
Sir James Crosby, blamed by the Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards for the collapse of HBOS, offered to return his knighthood and 30% of his £580,000-a-year pension. He also stepped down as senior independent director at Compass and as a trustee of Cancer Research UK.
Meg Whitman, chief executive of Hewlett-Packard ruled out selling Autonomy the Cambridge software developer it bought for $11bn (£7bn) and then had to right off almost $9bn from its value.
KPMG stepped down as auditor of Herbalife – at the centre of a row between two of America’s biggest investors – and Sketchers, a Californian footwear manufacturer, after claims of insider trading. Scott London, a former KPMG partner, was charged with passing on inside information to a golfing partner.
The Post Office announced it would soon offer current accounts in competition with the high street banks.
Mortgage fees hit a 25-year high – with the average of £1,500 – in spite of banks enjoying cheap money through the Funding for Lending Scheme, according to figure from Moneyfacts.
The bosses of Britain’s biggest banks have been unable to arrange a farewell dinner with Sir Mervyn King, who leaves the bank of England in June.
Virgin Atlantic applied to the American authorities to create a transatlantic joint venture with Delta Air France-KLM and Alitalia
Manufacturing output rose 0.8% in February, according to the Office for National Statistics, increasing the chances that Britain will avoid a triple-dip recession.
The number of women promoted to the boardroom is not increasing quickly enough to hit a government target of one quarter of all FTSE 100 directorships by 2015.
Marc Bolland, M&S chief executive appealed for extra time to turn around the high street retailer after it reported a 3.8% fall in the like-for-like sales of clothing and home products in the 13 weeks to March 30.
WH Smith recorded a 5% rise in pre=tax profits for the six months to February 28, as chief executive Kate Swann prepares to step down.
Tony Hayward, the former BP boss, admitted he was having “great fun” at Genel as the oil explorer announced its first find in Kurdish Iraq.
BP’s remuneration committee was told to raise its game by investor Standard Life, as chief executive Bob Dudley stands to gain 923% of his £1.1m salary if he hits all targets at the oil giant, which recently reported an almost 20% fall in quarterly profits.
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