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ERROR: type should be string, got "https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323844804578531313972915362\nThe Secret to Tomato Sauce's Power\nLycopene—found in tomato paste and sauce—had multiple anti-cancer and antioxidant effects on human prostate cells. Getty Images\nAnn Lukits\nEating more lycopene, the compound that gives tomatoes their deep red color, is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. Now, scientists have identified a number of mechanisms by which lycopene helps enhance cancer-fighting properties in healthy prostate cells, according to a report in the journal Cancer Prevention Research.\nLycopene—a pigment or carotenoid found in tomato paste and sauce and to a lesser extent in unprocessed tomatoes—has been studied before, mainly using cancerous prostate cells. The latest study, conducted in Chicago, used benign prostate cells from healthy human subjects. The cells were treated with either a lycopene-containing solution or a placebo for 48 hours and then analyzed for changes in protein levels. The concentration of lycopene used was comparable to blood levels in men consuming about 30 milligrams a day, the equivalent of a 7.1-ounce can of tomato sauce, researchers said.\nCompared with placebo, lycopene had multiple anticancer and antioxidant effects on human prostate cells. A number of cellular proteins demonstrated statistically significant changes associated with tumor-growth suppression and reduced inflammation and cancer-cell proliferation. Cells treated with lycopene had increased levels of enzymes that protect cells from the toxic effects of carcinogenic compounds. The lycopene altered cellular pathways known to be involved in prostate-cancer development, the researchers said.\nAfter Exercise, Massage as Fast as a Rabbit\nNigel Buchanan\nMassaging muscles immediately after an intense bout of exercise can restore their function more quickly than waiting until they feel sore—at least in rabbits, the subject of a study in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Prompt treatment also seems to reduce inflammation.\nScientists at Ohio State University used mechanical devices to exercise the tibialis anterior muscles of 18 rabbits under anesthetic. In humans, these muscles are located near the shin and help to stabilize the ankle as the foot hits the ground and then pulls away.\nOne group of rabbits received immediate treatment with a mechanical device that simulates the long, flowing strokes used in Swedish massage. Another group received the treatment starting 48 hours after the muscle injury. A control group wasn't massaged. The massaged rabbits received 15-minute treatments daily.\nAfter four days, muscles that received immediate massage had recovered almost 60% of their lost strength compared with 30% for delayed-massage muscles and 14% for non-massaged muscles. There were fewer damaged muscle fibers and reductions in white blood cells and other compounds released during muscle injury.\nMuscles in the immediate-massage group weighed about 8% less than muscles in the delayed group.\nThis suggests immediate massage triggered greater fluid dissipation, which would help to reduce swelling, the researchers said. Both groups of massaged rabbits limped less than the non-massaged rabbits, they said.\nCaveat: The rabbit injuries may not be comparable to human injuries, researchers said.\nCaveat: It isn't known if the anti-cancer benefits of lycopene are due to the carotenoid itself or the molecular byproducts of lycopene metabolism, researchers said.\nTitle: Effects of lycopene on protein expression in human primary prostatic epithelial cells\n• Autism signals: Parents of children with autism were four times as likely to seek medical advice for abnormal feeding, sleeping and crying problems before the child was diagnosed as were parents of non-autistic children, according to a study in Acta Paediatrica. Excessive crying, feeding and sleeping problems are common in early childhood but tend to persist in children with behavioral disorders such as ADHD, researchers said. Few studies have examined their link with autism, they said.\nThe study involved 190 Swedish preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder and a control group of 161 non-autistic children. Boys comprised 85% of both groups. Medical records were used to compare how often both groups of parents had consulted health centers about persistent crying, feeding and sleeping problems—termed \"regulatory\" difficulties—from the second month of life until age 2.\nAbout 44% of parents with autistic children and 16% of control parents had two or more consultations with health professionals. Parents of 15 children—14 of whom were autistic—had eight or more consultations. The number of consultations wasn't associated with the later severity of autism, a child's cognitive ability or degree of hyperactivity, the study found.\nCaveat: The study used data from one source, researchers said. Information on the children's possible risk factors for autism wasn't available.\nTitle: Autism before diagnosis: crying, feeding and sleeping problems in the first two years of life\n• Quiet injury: Silent myocardial infarctions—heart attacks that occur without pain or other symptoms—are more common than previously believed, a study in the American Journal of Medicine found. People with diabetes appear to be at greater risk.\nFrom 2006 to 2010, two groups of Swiss patients with suspected coronary heart disease, but no history of a heart attack—totaling almost 2,000 people—underwent an imaging technique called myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS), which can detect a variety of heart abnormalities. Participants averaged 63 years of age; about two-thirds were men.\nPhysiological evidence of silent myocardial infarctions was found in nearly 25% of the participants, an unexpectedly high percentage. The silent infarctions scarred 5% to 15% of the left ventricle, one of two lower heart chambers. Diabetics suffered the events at a significantly higher rate.\nMost of the participants had previously undergone standard heart testing, including electrocardiography and exercise stress testing, but such tests have limited diagnostic capability, researchers said. The findings support the use of sophisticated imaging techniques capable of detecting myocardial scars, they said.\nCaveat: Some very small scars may have been missed by MPS screening, resulting in an underestimation of silent heart attacks, researchers said.\nTitle: Prevalence, Extent, and Independent Predictors of Silent Myocardial Infarction\n• Weekly deals: An overwhelming majority of foods on sale in supermarket fliers represent unhealthy choices, according to an unusual study that focused on a particular community afflicted with high rates of diabetes. The study was reported in the Journal of Community Health.\nFrom March to May 2012, researchers at New York's Lehman College analyzed the nutritional content of foods advertised in online grocery store fliers in the Bronx, N.Y., where diabetes rates range from 8.4% to 12.1%. (The national average is 8.3%, according to the American Diabetes Association.) The researchers recorded details about 2,311 food and beverage products from the front pages of 75 online circulars for 15 grocery stores.\nProcessed foods accounted for 84% of the advertised items. Nearly 60% of beverages were sweetened with sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup, which is strongly associated with increasing obesity and diabetes rates, the researchers said. Three-quarters of sweetened beverages were offered in sales that encouraged consumers to buy multiple units. Bulk purchases of high-carbohydrate baked products also were encouraged through greater discounts.\nOnly 1.4% of foods met the definition of high fiber, or 5 grams of fiber per serving, recommended by the Whole Grains Council, a nonprofit consumer advocacy group, researchers said. Fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables totaled 16% of advertised products.\nCaveat: The data was collected over a short time frame. Consumer response to promotional offers in online circulars wasn't analyzed.\nTitle: An Analysis of Bronx-based Online Grocery Store Circulars for Nutritional Content of Food and Beverage Products\n• Infant bonding: Oxytocin is best known for jump-starting labor in pregnant women, but levels of the hormone have been shown to increase during sex, breast-feeding and interactions between biological parents and offspring. A study in Child Development found oxytocin may contribute to bonding between foster mothers and babies who aren't their biological offspring and only live together for short periods.\nA research team from universities in Connecticut and Delaware recruited 41 pairs of foster mothers and babies, with average ages of 42 years and 8½ months, respectively. Mothers and infants, who had lived together just over a month of a six-month placement at the start of the study, made two visits to a research lab three months apart. At each visit, the mother's urinary oxytocin levels were measured after a 45-minute separation from the infant and again after a half-hour cuddle. EEGs measured the mothers' brain-wave response to viewing 75 computer images of infant faces, including 25 of their foster infant and 25 each of babies who were familiar and unfamiliar. Maternal expressions of delight and affection during interactions with their foster children were videotaped and scored.\nDuring the first lab visit, total oxytocin production was significantly associated with the foster mothers' average brain-wave response to all three faces, but not specifically to their own foster infants. At the second visit, oxytocin production was no longer associated with brain response to all infants, but with the mothers' foster infants, the study found. During both visits, oxytocin production was significantly higher in mothers who exhibited greater delight when playing with their infants.\nCaveat: Foster mothers' increased brain-wave activity may have been due to increased familiarity with their foster infants' face, researchers said. It isn't clear if the findings can be generalized to foster relationships that are shorter or longer than six months, or to foster fathers and infants, they said.\nTitle: Foster Mother-Infant Bonding: Associations Between Foster Mothers' Oxytocin Production, Electrophysiological Brain Activity, Feelings of Commitment, and Caregiving Quality\nEating more lycopene, the compound that gives tomatoes their deep red color, is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer."