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Clement Hall Briefly Evacuated, Now Reopened
View all the posts from March 29, 2007
KNOXVILLE — The University of Tennessee evacuated the Clement Hall residence hall today at approximately 4 p.m. The building was opened about an hour later.
The Knoxville Fire Department and the UT Police Department ordered the evacuation after several UT employees reacted to cleaning chemicals. Workers were disposing of the chemicals when two of them were irritated by the strong odor and complained of respiratory problems.
The building was ventilated for about an hour and KFD authorized the re-opening of the building at 5:05 p.m. One UT worker was taken to Fort Sanders Medical Center and another was treated and released from the UT Student Health Service.
No students reported discomfort or sought medical treatment, according to UT police.
Clement Hall, an eight-story co-ed residence hall located at 1629 West Cumberland Ave., houses 650 students.
Contact: Jay Mayfield (865-386-7778)
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All posts by Future Force Staff
November 19, 2013 Future Force Staff
Harrowing Harriers
A section of AV-8B Harriers was scheduled to fly a day training sortie and hot pit, and then perform night carrier qualification to regain currency. Shortly after takeoff, the mishap pilot reported to his lead that he had a fuel-flow proportioner, or PROP, caution. He secured the PROP system and balanced the fuel manually in accordance with NATOPS procedures. After landing from the day event, the mishap pilot, his flight lead, and the squadron landing signal officer (LSO) discussed the situation and decided to continue the mission and launch the aircraft into the pattern for the required night landing. A fuel proportioner malfunction is a downing discrepancy, a fact known to all three.
Because of an unrelated malfunction, the flight lead’s aircraft was shut down prior to the night event. After taking on fuel and water, the mishap aircraft was launched into the Case III pattern for his night landing. Approximately two miles from landing, the engine RPM began to fluctuate. The pilot executed his NATOPS immediate action items and initiated a waveoff. After climbing to 1,500 feet, the pilot reported his RPM was fluctuating between 75 and 95 percent and began a turn downwind to enter the Case I pattern. After turning off of the 180, the aircraft descended below glide path. Passing the 90, the pilot selected full power and leveled his wings, but could not arrest his rate of descent. The pilot ejected at approximately 40 feet AGL.
Only two good things can come from this kind of knuckleheadery. The first one is we got that fine Marine out of the briny not too worse for the wear. The second is that you kids will hopefully learn something that may keep you from making the same mistake. Heck, that’s what we do here in Gramp’s house, right?
Back when Gramps was an instructor, we had an adage: “Live to fly, die for the ‘X.’” We said it jokingly—but only half jokingly—’cause after all, what kind of Naval Aviators would we be if we didn’t get the job done for the old man? But there’s a line kids, and these gents were so far beyond it they didn’t even know where it was! Gramps loves me some hard charging Marines (is there any other kind?) but gee-whiz, there weren’t bad guys coming over the horizon, this was C-darned-Q. It was nothing but a training mission and three smart, disciplined, and highly trained aviators all thought it was ok to launch that jump jet on a demanding night evolution, even though it wasn’t really airworthy—and that just don’t make sense.
So come here kids and let’s talk about what’s important here. We get paid to take risks, sometimes extreme risks, but a training sortie ain’t the time to do it. Training’s important, but it ain’t so important that you should unduly risk your air machine, much less your hide.
Now you kids run along, Gramps is gonna wander down to the barn and muck some stalls.
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August 3, 2012 Future Force Staff
An MH-53E Sea Dragon with HM-14, embarked aboard USS Tortuga (LSD 46), prepares to land at a Japan Self-Defense Force airfield on 31 March 2011 in support of Operation Tomodachi.
U.S. Naval Aviation continued its worldwide presence, acting as an international force for good in 2011. Naval Aviation, in concert with NATO and coalition allies, confronted the forces of Libyan strongman Moammar Gadhafi under Operation Odyssey Dawn. Naval air crews and ships also participated in Operation Tomodachi, a disaster relief and humanitarian aid effort following the 11 March 2011 earthquake and tsunami off the northeast Pacific coast of Honshu, Japan. Naval helicopter detachments continued to provide support to distressed private and merchant vessels from pirate attacks in the Arabian and the Horn of Africa.
Naval aircraft made headlines and achieved milestones, as well. The E-2D Advanced Hawkeye made its first carrier launch and landing, the EA-18G Growler engaged in its first combat operations, the P-8 Poseidon touched down for the first time at NAS Jacksonville, and both Joint Strike Fighter variants continued to make headway toward eventual fleet introduction. Naval Aviation also bid farewell to the UC-12B Huron and the Marine Corps’ first EA-6B Prowler, while welcoming USS Green Bay (LPD 20) and USS Anchorage (LPD 23) to the fleet.
The future of Naval Aviation continued to take form with milestone achievements from unmanned aerial vehicles as the X-47B Unmanned Combat Aircraft System Demonstrator successfully completed its historic first flight. In other firsts, the initial components of the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) were delivered to Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78) to await installation.
The following chronology captures the some of the more important highlights, milestones, and mishaps of Naval Aviation in 2011.
8 A Navy rescue helicopter retrieved an injured hiker after he sustained head and neck injuries from a falling boulder on Guam. Through the U.S. Coast Guard Sector Guam, fire and rescue requested assistance from HSC-25. The helicopter was able to locate the hiker quickly for transport to the U.S. naval hospital for treatment.
13 USS Enterprise (CVN 65) deployed to the Middle East under new skipper Capt. Dee Mewbourne. The ships and embarked squadrons from the Enterprise Carrier Strike Group (CSG) entered the U.S. 6th Fleet area of responsibility (AOR) on 20 January 2011.
26 Under Secretary of the Navy Robert Work announced that CVW-14 would be disestablished.
1 The E-2D Advanced Hawkeye, the Navy’s newest airborne early warning and control aircraft, made its first carrier launch aboard USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75) and its first carrier landing on 3 February.
3 USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) completed its final flights in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.
4 The X-47B unmanned combat aircraft system demonstrator successfully completed its historic first flight at Edwards AFB, Calif.
22 Green Bay departed San Diego for the Western Pacific on its maiden deployment.
1 USS Makin Island (LHD 8) became the first West Coast ship to conduct flight deck operations with the MV-22 Osprey.
1 USS Kearsarge (LHD 3) and USS Ponce (LPD 15) entered the Suez Canal en route to the Mediterranean, as Western nations exerted diplomatic and military pressure on Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi to step down.
14 USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76) and other ships were repositioned off the east coast of Japan after the detection of a low-level radiation plume from the Fukushima nuclear power plant in the aftermath of the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
16 VP-4 arrived at Misawa, Japan, to assist with Operation Tomodachi disaster relief efforts. VP-4 departed Misawa on 30 March.
18 Marine Transport Squadron Belle Chase, La., retired the UC-12B Huron. The Huron has logged nearly 25,000 flight hours since its introduction in 1980.
20 Ships of the Essex Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) and embarked Marines of the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) arrived off the coast of Honshu to provide humanitarian assistance in support of Operation Tomodachi.
21 Marines from the 26th MEU, along with MV-22 Ospreys and CH-53 Super Stallion helicopters, conducted a tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel mission after a U.S. Air Force F-15E crashed east of Benghazi, Libya. The Osprey was able to locate the pilot and return him to Kearsarge.
21 USS George Washington (CVN 73) left the Japanese port of Yokosuka as a precautionary measure because of high levels of radiation. George Washington returned to Yokosuka on 20 April, after completing repairs and scheduled upgrades following its work as part of Operation Tomodachi.
24 A Philippine-flagged merchant vessel and its 20 crew members survived a run-in with pirates in the Arabian Sea after U.S. Navy helicopters helped scare off the unwanted interlopers. Enterprise and USS Leyte Gulf (CG 55) responded to a distress call from M/V Falcon Trader II, which reported that suspected pirates in a small skiff were attempting to board the vessel. An SH-60F with the HS-11 Dragonslayers from Enterprise and an SH-60B with the HSL-48 Vipers from Leyte Gulf investigated the situation. The HS-11 helicopter fired warning shots, and two pirates were seen jumping off the ship’s bow onto the skiff. The helicopter pursued them to the suspected mother ship, when the pirates fired back with small-arms fire without causing any damage or casualties.
26 USS Arlington (LPD 24), the second of three ships built in honor of 9/11 victims and their families, was christened at the Huntington Ingalls shipyard in Pascagoula, Miss.
28 A P-3 Orion from VP-5 marked a first in the aircraft’s 49-year history when it fired an AGM-65F Maverick missile on a hostile Libyan vessel during Operation Odyssey Dawn.
29 A Marine Corps CH-53D Sea Stallion from HMH-363 crashed off the coast of Hawaii, killing one crewman and injuring three others.
29 A Marine Corps AV-8B Harrier deployed with the 13th MEU aboard USS Boxer (LHD 4) crashed into the water during takeoff in the Arabian Sea. An MH-60S helicopter from HSC-23 recovered the pilot and returned him to the ship.
30 The engine of an F/A-18C Hornet (BuNo 165190), assigned to VMFAT-101, caught fire and exploded aboard USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74) injuring 10 Sailors.
30 NAS JRB Willow Grove was disestablished.
31 After 32 years of service, USS Nassau (LHA 4) was decommissioned at NS Norfolk, Va.
31 The EA-18G Growler participated in its first combat missions as part of Operation Odyssey Dawn in late March.
An F/A-18F Super Hornet with the VFA-11 Red Rippers makes the 400,000th arrested landing aboard USS Enterprise (CVN 65) on 24 May 2011. (Photo by MC3 Alex R. Forster)
4 The Ronald Reagan CSG departed the disaster relief mission in Japan.
4 The P-8A Poseidon made its first landing at NAS Jacksonville, Fla., during the Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance Force Centennial of Naval Aviation Symposium.
6 The USCGC Assateague (WPB 1337) and helicopters from HSC-25 responded to a mayday call approximately 65 miles off the northern tip of Saipan to rescue the crew of a fishing vessel. No injuries were reported.
6 Two Navy officers from VFA-122 at NAS Lemoore, Calif., died when their F/A-18F Super Hornet crashed outside the base.
7 HSC-85 welcomed the arrival of their first HH-60H Seahawk helicopter as the command began its transition to special operations mission support.
8 The Marine Corps completed an aviation first by flying MV-22B Ospreys on the aircraft’s longest movement to date. Six Ospreys with VMM-266 returned to the 26th MEU after a trek from Camp Bastion, Afghanistan, to Souda Bay, Greece.
14 The engine of an F/A-18C Hornet from VFA-113 caught fire aboard USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) in the Arabian Sea. The fire was extinguished and the pilot escaped unharmed.
15 The last CH-53 helicopters from the HMX-1 Big Irons was reassigned to the operating forces.
29 An A-3 Skywarrior landed at NAS Whidbey Island, Wash., to become a static display. The aircraft originally came to Whidbey Island in 1956 and was the station’s first permanently assigned jet bomber.
29 Lockheed Martin test pilot David “Doc” Nelson flew the F-35B structural loads test aircraft BF-3 on its first short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) flight followed by its first vertical landing at NAS Patuxent River, Md. U.S. Marine Corps test pilot Col. Fred “Tinman” Schenk completed the first vertical landing in mission systems test aircraft BF-4 on 27 April 2011.
2 Osama bin Laden was buried at sea aboard Carl Vinson.
9 NAVAIR’s Aircraft Launch and Recovery Equipment program delivered the first set of EMALS components to Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78).
11 The George H.W. Bush CSG departed NS Norfolk to the Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf region for its maiden deployment.
14 The Navy christened Anchorage during a ceremony at Huntington Ingalls Avondale Shipyard in Avondale, La.
14 Sailors and Marines from VMU-2 returned home to MCAS Cherry Point, N.C., from a seven-month deployment to Afghanistan.
24 An F/A-18F Super Hornet from the VFA-11 Red Rippers became the 400,000th aircraft to land on the flight deck of Enterprise.
26 VX-30 delivered the final S-3B Viking aircraft to undergo specialized depot-level restoration at FRC Southeast, Fla.
29 Secretary of the Navy Ray Maybus announced that the Navy’s next Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier will be named John F. Kennedy (CVN 79).
31 NAS Brunswick, Maine, held its disestablishment ceremony, ending 68 years of service.
1 NAS Pensacola, Fla., received a Beechcraft T-6A Texan, the 27th and last aircraft to be repainted in a historic scheme as part of the Centennial of Naval Aviation Heritage Paint Project.
10 The Marine Corps’ first EA-6B Prowler (BuNo 160432), received into the service nearly 35 years ago, made its final flight during a ceremony at MCAS Cherry Point.
15 A T-45 Goshawk from VT-2 at NAS Kingsville, Texas, crashed, with the pilot sustaining only minor injuries.
17 The VFA-195 Dambusters returned to George Washington after completing the transition from the F/A-18C Hornet to the F/A-18E Super Hornet.
30 VMU-3 formed a new detachment at Camp Leatherneck, Afghanistan, and became operational with the launch of an RQ-7B Shadow in support of 2d Battalion, 8th Marine Regiment.
30 USS Dubuque (LPD 8) was decommissioned by the Navy at NB San Diego.
In late June, the Navy’s MQ-8B Fire Scout unmanned aircraft deployed for the first time to Southwest Asia, where the helicopter conducted missions over the Arabian Sea and in Afghanistan.
2 A team from the Navy Unmanned Combat Air System program office accomplished the first carrier touchdown of an F/A-18D surrogate aircraft using systems developed as part of the unmanned combat air system carrier demonstration.
6 A UH-1Y Huey helicopter (BuNo 167793) assigned to HMLA-369 crashed at Camp Pendleton, Calif., killing one Marine and injuring five others.
8 The F-35C completed the first jet blast deflector test at NSA Lakehurst, N.J.
8 HSC-85 transitioned from being a logistical support squadron to its new mission of supporting Navy special warfare operations at NAS North Island, Calif.
12 The Navy marked eight million accumulated flight hours for the F/A-18 family of aircraft.
15 The Enterprise CSG returned to Norfolk following a six-month deployment in the Mediterranean and Arabian seas.
25 USS John C. Stennis (CVN 64) departed NB Kitsap, Wash., for operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
27 The F-35C completed its first steam catapult launch at NSA Lakehurst.
29 The John C. Stennis CSG and CVW-9 departed NAS North Island for a seven-month deployment to the Western Pacific and 5th fleet AOR.
3 USS Halyburton (FFG 40), its two Fire Scout unmanned aerial vehicles, and HSL-42 Det. 2 returned to NS Mayport, Fla., after completing a seven-month deployment.
4 USS Cleveland (LPD 7) returned from its final deployment. Cleveland was decommissioned on 30 September at NB San Diego.
6 A CH-46 Chinook helicopter crashed in the Wardak province in Afghanistan, killing 30 U.S. (including 22 SEALs) and 8 Afghan service members.
10 Coast Guard crews rescued two Marines from VMFA-121 after their F/A-18 Hornet crashed into the Pacific Ocean near MCAS Miramar, Calif.
11 USS New Orleans (LPD 18) hosted deck-landing qualifications for Marine Corps AH-1Z Cobra attack helicopters during a predeployment exercise. New Orleans’ late 2011 deployment marked the first operational deployment of the AH-1Z.
24 A T-34 Turbomentor assigned to VT-28 based out of NAS Corpus Christi, Texas, crashed with no fatalities reported.
24 The Navy’s alternative energy program expanded when a T-45 completed a biofuel flight at NAS Patuxent River.
7 The C-12 Huron’s more than 30 years of faithful Navy service officially ended at a disestablishment ceremony held on NB Coronado, Calif.
9 Ronald Reagan returned to San Diego ending a seven-month deployment that included supporting combat missions in Afghanistan and helping in relief efforts in Japan.
13 An F/A-18A Hornet from VFA-204 crashed after attempting to land at NAS Fallon. The pilot only suffered minor injuries.
16 An EA-6B Prowler completed its inaugural biofuel flight at NAS Patuxent River.
19 George Washington returned to sea to continue patrol after three weeks at Fleet Activities Yokosuka, Japan.
19 Two Marines from HMLAT-303 died when their AH-1W Super Cobra helicopter crashed at Camp Pendleton, igniting a brush fire in a remote area of the base.
27 An E-2D Advanced Hawkeye made its first EMALS takeoff at NSA Lakehurst.
30 An MQ-8B Fire Scout flew for the first time using biofuel during a test flight at Webster Field in St. Inigoes, Md.
3 An F-35B landed for the first time on a ship at sea aboard USS Wasp (LHD 1). The test, the first of three scheduled at-sea evolutions for the STOVL aircraft, was designed to collect environmental data on Wasp’s deck to measure the F-35B’s impact to flight deck operations.
15 The George Washington CSG departed early from a port visit in Singapore to provide humanitarian aid in the wake of the worst flooding in many years in Thailand. The Navy withdrew their ships on 24 October after never receiving a formal request for assistance from the Thai government.
18 Abraham Lincoln pulled into its homeport of Everett, Wash., for the last time. Abraham Lincoln now calls NS Norfolk its homeport.
25 USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71) celebrated the 25th anniversary of the ship’s commissioning.
An ice sculpture decorates the hangar bay aboard USS Enterprise (CVN 65) during the "Fifty Years of Legendary Service" ceremony. Enterprise concluded the 50th anniversary of her commissioning celebration Nov. 28 and is scheduled for her 22nd and last deployment this spring. (U.S. Navy photo by MC2 Eric C. Tretter)
25 Enterprise celebrated 50 years of active service.
30 Carl Vinson and CVW 17 departed NAS North Island for a deployment to the Western Pacific and U.S Central Command AOR.
1 U.S. Secretary of Defense Leon E. Panetta officially brought the year-long celebration of the Naval Aviation centennial to a close at a gala event at the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C.
5 Sailors assigned to Enterprise departed NS Norfolk for the first phase of preparations for the ship’s 22nd and final deployment.
8 Two Navy E-2C Hawkeye aircraft from VAW-77 detected and provided assistance to a capsized fishing vessel near Barranquilla, Colombia.
10 USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77) and its CSG returned to Norfolk following a seven-month deployment to the 5th and 6th Fleet AORs.
17 A detachment of Marines from VMU-1 in Afghanistan completed its first unmanned aerial cargo delivery in a combat zone. The unmanned system, a Lockheed Martin K-MAX helicopter, moved just under two tons of food and supplies to Marines at Combat Outpost Payne.
18 The John C. Stennis CSG and embarked CVW-9 launched the Navy’s final sortie over Iraq, ending naval aviation support for Operation New Dawn.
23 The VAQ-138 Yellow Jackets returned to NAS Whidbey Island following a six-month deployment to Iraq, only the second expeditionary deployment for a squadron of EA-18G Growlers.
Swede Vejtasa Bags Seven at Santa Cruz Islands
The VF-10 Grim Reapers are shown in 1942. Vejtasa is in the front row, fifth from right. The squadron was formed in June 1942 and was disestablished in November 1945. (Photo courtesy of Swede Vejtasa collection)
Lt. Stanley W. “Swede” Vejtasa seethed as he sat in his F4F Wildcat aboard USS Enterprise (CV 6). He and his VF-10 “Reaper 7” division mates—Lt. Leroy “Tex” Harris, Ens. Willis “Chip” Reding, and Ens. William “Hank” Leder—had been assigned combat air patrol (CAP) duties over the fleet and sat in their planes, incredulous at the seemingly endless delay getting aloft. The Japanese were on their way, and everyone knew it. The only way to neutralize an incoming attack was to intercept it with the advantage of altitude and the sun at your back. But they had waited too long. The in-bound strike would be overhead in moments. And still they waited.
“We just sat there and sat there,” Swede recalled. “We couldn’t get off. We knew they were coming. Nobody seemed to be in control. What the hell? What’s the delay? I was ready to get out of the plane, head up to flag plot to see what was going on.” Having been considered expendable just 12 hours earlier, Swede could only wonder what fresh madness Rear Adm. Thomas Kinkaid was up to this morning.
The day before, 25 October 1942, had been a day from hell. Shortly past noon, Kinkaid got word that the Japanese mobile strike force (or Kido Butai), some 350-plus miles away, was headed his way. A little more than an hour later a malfunctioning propeller pitch motor presaged events to follow. Lt. j.g. Bill Blair’s Wildcat engine was stuck in high pitch, seriously compromising his ability to control the airplane. He bounced over the barrier, slammed one SBD Dauntless overboard, ruined three others, and totaled his own Wildcat. Having efficiently destroyed five planes, Blair was quickly dubbed a “Japanese ace” by his Air Group 10 buddies.
In accordance with Enterprise’s status as duty carrier, Kinkaid sent out SBD scouts in a search pattern. In a deviation from that duty responsibility, however, the admiral decided to send out a cobbled together and untested Enterprise strike force—despite having an experienced strike force currently spotted on the flight deck of his other carrier, USS Hornet (CV 8). When this plan was revealed in the ready room, Vejtasa did his own calculations and quickly realized they couldn’t possibly reach the Japanese fleet—and he loudly objected to this “mission impossible.”
USS Enterprise (CV 6) is attacked by Japanese aircraft on 26 October 1942. Vejtasa and his VF-10 squadron mates had to land and takeoff several times while Enterprise was under fire during the battle. (Photo by PHC Lauren Frazer Smith)
Who was this brash lieutenant calling the mission into question? By this point in the war, Swede had seen a lot of combat. He had bombed enemy transports, contributed to the sinking of the carrier Shoho, and shot down several Zeros with an SBD, exploits for which he’d been awarded two Navy Crosses. His was the voice of experience, and there in the ready room in the presence of the admiral’s staff he boldly declared this mission insane.
A miffed admiral’s staff member overruled Swede’s mutinous objections, and sent the pilots on their way. An hour after their departure, Kinkaid learned that the Japanese fleet had turned away from any possible contact. Refusing to break radio silence, Kinkaid declined to recall his strike group.
Returning from their initial search leg of 175 miles and two subsequent legs of 70 miles, one VF pilot, Lt. Don Miller, bailed out for reasons unknown and was never seen again. Even worse, the group returned to an empty “Point Option” with still no word from Enterprise. The ship’s YE-ZB homing signal normally available to guide them in was silent. Trading ordnance weight for flight time, the dive-bombers dropped their bombs.
One detonated on the ocean surface and took down two of the low-flying SBDs. In the dark, with his lights on, and flying close to the water with Ens. Edward “Whitey” Feightner on his right wing, Swede found the oil slick he’d noticed seeping from Enterprise flying CAP that morning. Tracking the thankfully narrowing slick for another 50 miles brought them in sight of the Big E.
Swede was tied for first aboard, as VF pilot Ens. Ed Coalson narrowly avoided chewing up Vejtasa’s plane during their simultaneous landing. Minutes later an SBD crashed on landing, ruining another in the process, and three fuel-starved TBF Avengers were forced to ditch. Swede had gotten them back, however. That was about the only thing that hadn’t gone wrong. That morning’s accident had resulted in the loss of five aircraft, and the day’s goose chase had cost eight airplanes and (so far as anyone knew) one pilot’s life—a total of 13 for the day without a shot being fired and through no effort of the Japanese. Kinkaid’s absence of communication had signaled that the air group was expendable. With blunders like this on every level, who needed an enemy?
By mid-October, following two bloody months of bitter, inconclusive fighting, both sides understood the strategic necessity of controlling Guadalcanal. This moment seemed propitious for the Imperial Japanese Navy: U.S. carrier forces in the Pacific were close to nonexistent. USS Lexington (CV 2), USS Yorktown (CV 5), and USS Wasp (CV 7) had all been lost, Enterprise had suffered major damage, and USS Saratoga (CV 3) had been put out of commission for months after a torpedo attack. By all appearances, this was late autumn for U.S. aircraft carriers. Vice Adm. Chuichi Nagumo sought a decisive encounter, hoping to shatter whatever American carrier forces still existed. With that accomplished, Japanese landing forces could finally evict those determined Marine and Navy pilots from Henderson Field on Guadalcanal. The Kido Butai might then reassert itself, roaming at will in the Pacific and Indian oceans.
Apprised that the Japanese fleet was within reach, Vice Adm. William Halsey famously ordered his outnumbered TF-61, composed of Enterprise (TF-16) and Hornet (TF-17), to “STRIKE-REPEAT-STRIKE.” It was an imperative that likely instigated Kinkaid’s rush to judgment.
For Kinkaid, Swede, and Whitey, 26 October was to be a day of serious firsts. Kinkaid had commanded Enterprise during the landings at Guadalcanal at the beginning of August and during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons on 24-25 August, but he’d been subordinate. This was to be his first opportunity to shoulder overall combat command of a two-carrier task force. Swede would fly his first combat sortie in a F4F Wildcat. For Whitey the 26th would be his first day of combat, period.
Upstaging Halsey’s sense of urgency, the Japanese got the jump on the Americans. Just before 0800, carriers Shokaku and Zuikaku launched a combined 67-plane raid. The attack was soon augmented with a subsequent 48-plane strike. Having anticipated an 0800 takeoff, it was nearly an hour later before a furious Swede and Reaper 7 finally lifted off. This insanely late launch badly disadvantaged them against the high-flying bombers already overhead blindly bombing Enterprise through the clouds.
“We took off on instruments in heavy cloud, could hardly see the end of the deck,” said Vejtasa. “When we got off, we were given no instruction. I took off full-throttle in a right turn up through the fog. Tex Harris was ahead of me and Stan Ruehlow was behind. The attackers were coming in. We climbed and climbed, flying on instruments, and at 12,000 feet I broke out of the fog, wing-and-wing with a Val dive-bomber.”
USS Hornet heels sharply to starboard as a Japanese bomb scores a near miss. Despite the best efforts of American combat air patrols, Hornet was heavily damaged by Japanese bomb and torpedo hits before finally sinking on 27 October.
The Val was part of the Zuikaku attack force of seven Japanese Type 99 Val dive-bombers. Swede quickly set up a short high-side run, and torched the last in line. The surviving six pressed on toward TF-17 and Hornet.
At 0910, in the clear and miles away from Enterprise (which was hidden by murky squalls), Hornet’s anti-aircraft fire opened up on the coordinated attack above her. At 0912, the first bomb hit Hornet, closely followed by two more.
Swede stumbled upon another Val breaking out of the mist just sitting there. “He was probably looking for our carriers way down below, or looking for his group. He was confused. I cut in and shot that guy down.”
Another of the Val pilots, WO Sato Shigeyuki, was either wounded or killed by anti-aircraft hits on his plane while over Hornet. At 1014 Swede watched him make a wide circle and then make the plunge, his bomb still attached, into the stack of the carrier.
There came a lull in the action as the Japanese dive-bombers departed.
Most of Vejtasa's kills on 26 October were Nakjima B5N2 Kate torpedo bombers. Widely considered to be the finest torpedo attack aircraft at the time, it was, like most Japanese aircraft of the time, unarmored with only light defensive armament. (Photo courtesy of Swede Vejtasa collection)
Around 1145, Hank Leder of Reaper 7 called, “Enemy aircraft nine o’clock low,” referring to a formation of Type 97 Kate torpedo bombers. Launched from Zuikaku, they were at 11,000 feet lining up for an attack on Enterprise. From his vantage point at 14,000 feet, Swede quickly recognized the scenario as the ideal fighter attack situation.
“There were more than a dozen, flying in Vs of three in close formation,” Swede said. “It was easy to see them; they had just broken out of some cloud and were ready to enter a big cloud over the Enterprise. That’s when we followed them, closed on them.”
Swede and Leder dove into the attack. A shower of brass casings indicated someone was doing a lot of firing. “I didn’t see what Leder was firing at.” Suddenly the targeted Kate exploded. Swede then closed and pursued a tight, wingtip-to-wingtip V of three Kates with a fourth on their left into a cloudbank.
“Dogfights are exacting as hell,” Swede observed. “We had practiced with [VF-10 commanding officer Lt. Cmdr. James H.] Flatley about just how to manage a situation like this one. We had to control our dive speed, join their formation at close range and shoot them down. There was no room to maneuver. In the fog, I’m supposed to shoot down four Kates. I was scared as hell sometimes. But I got right under them—what we learned to do.”
There are many discrepancies between the written record and what Swede says transpired. Accounts by the likes of Cdr. Edward P. Stafford (The Big E), John Lundstrom (The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign), James and William Belote (Titans of the Seas), Eric Hammel (Guadalcanal: The Carrier Battles), and Peter Mersky (The Grim Reapers: Fighting Squadron Ten In WW II) all mention three, rather than four Kates in the fog, and include the detail of Swede blowing the rudder off the leader’s plane. Swede tells it differently:
“I’m 50 feet behind four of them in heavy fog. I got under their tails to avoid the rear-seat gunners. After cutting out my outboard guns, I went after the single Kate on the left. I blew him apart and he pitched forward. I expected the V to break, but they didn’t. Then I went after the number-two man; he pitched forward and blew up. I shifted to the leader, again careful to keep below him in order to stay out of the gunner’s field of fire. When I hit him he pitched up and back, and I thought his wing was going to hit me. The last slowed down, and I flamed him. I never wrote about shooting a rudder off.”
That made six Japanese bombers downed on this sortie.
Following the in-cloud destruction of those four Kates, Swede broke into the clear, concerned about his ammunition and fuel. Off to his right, he could see Enterprise twisting and turning and fighting off a new attack. He headed over, hoping he might get aboard.
Just out of the clouds to Swede’s left came another Kate that nearly collided with him. “I could see the pilot, the second pilot, and the third guy. I had no time to react,” Swede said. “I followed him toward the Enterprise and turned in behind him, again under the tail. I fired a burst and set him on fire. . . . I kept figuring he’d release his torpedo as he got lower over the water, but he never did. Finally, he caught a wingtip in the water and cart wheeled.”
Anxious to replenish, Swede turned to the left to avoid the intense anti-aircraft fire. That’s when another Kate flew over the top of him. “I almost had heart failure. All he had to do was drop down and fire his forward machine guns and I was a goner. Instead, I’m on his tail, and he’s climbing. . . . I switched on all my guns, and I had a few rounds. I set him on fire.” Swede was worried that the Kate might dive on the battleship USS South Dakota (BB 57).
“I missed [the Kate] badly. I tore some pieces off him, and he caught fire but didn’t explode,” Swede said. “He never faltered, didn’t go down. He was losing altitude but he had to be alive as he corrected his dive very noticeably. At this point, with my ammo gone, I gave serious consideration to cutting off his tail with my prop as we had discussed in our training. As I closed, I flew into the fire stream. My plane is full of smoke. Jesus, you talk about a blast, a plane like that with a whole stream of fire blowing back. I was within 50 feet and I got knocked to the right. Turned away, hell, it just knocked me away from the plane. I figured, ‘Swede, that was a foolish move—you’ve just put yourself down.’” This violent action convinced observers and the board evaluating victories that Swede had peeled away to avoid the antiaircraft fire from cruisers, destroyers, and South Dakota. He was credited with a probable.
The doomed Kate pilot, SN1 Kiyomi Takei, understood that he was flying too fast to drop his torpedo. He seemed to aim for South Dakota, but then deliberately steepened his dive and crashed into the destroyer USS Smith (DD 378).
“After a fiery crash onto the Smith’s forecastle,” Swede recalled, “the wrecked plane rolled off the side into the sea, but the torpedo remained, rolling around in the flaming aftermath. The torpedo cooked off and blew the hell out of everything.” Despite an explosion that devastated both forward gun turrets, and killed 57 members of her crew, the destroyer’s engineers kept the ship going. Smith’s commanding officer, Lt. Cmdr. Hunter Wood Jr., left an untenable bridge to con the ship from aft. From there, he steered her into the massive, foaming wake of South Dakota, which washed much of the gas and fire into the sea. Smith resumed station to continue her antiaircraft fire mission.
Around 1130, Enterprise struggled to repel and survive yet another Val attack, which had resulted in two hits and several damaging near misses. With a powerless, drifting Hornet no longer a worthy target, newly arrived Japanese Val and Kate pilots focused entirely on Enterprise. Scattered clouds that had earlier concealed the latter carrier now provided attack cover for the bombers.
Whitey, meanwhile, orbited above a ditched Gordon Barnes hoping to connect his buddy with one of the screening ships, when he was ordered to return to ship immediately. He reluctantly joined the line of sweaty pilots preparing to land as Enterprise combed numerous torpedo tracks. A dynamically pitching deck provided a high-stakes challenge for both pilots and the LSO. Once aboard, bomb holes, a downed barrier, the huge square cavity near the island formed by elevator no. 2 stuck in the down position, and a mere 300 feet of landing deck severely tested the LSO, pilots, and plane handlers.
Whitey recalled LSO Lt. Robin Lindsey’s finesse. “When it was time to return to the carrier, Robin waved me off as the Enterprise dodged a spray of torpedoes. Minutes later as I was setting up in a left-hand pattern, the Enterprise leaned away in a hard right turn. Robin was the best. There were no barricades, and he brought me in easy.”
However well intentioned, Whitey’s lingering over Barnes had delayed an Enterprise course change out of the prevailing winds. Back aboard, Whitey’s Good Samaritan efforts earned him a personal tongue lashing from Kincaid. Grateful for his dismissal, he now confronted the shocking destruction in the hangar deck. “Water defiled with blood, oil, and bodies floating around sloshed halfway up to my knees. It was a terrible mess. There was confusion aboard the ship. More attacks were coming, and I could hear shooting. I couldn’t wait to get aloft; I didn’t want to be aboard ship when it blew up.”
Still in the air, Swede could hear Flatley on the CAP frequency, anxious to get his shot-up strike group aboard Enterprise. Their needs notwithstanding, the air battle continued around them. Finally, shortly after noon, it was time to return to a compromised Reaper base. Once again, getting back aboard Enterprise required focus, skill, and patience. Still under attack, Capt. Osborne Hardison masterfully conned the ship, dodging an aggressive torpedo attack. The twisting and turning carrier meant gas-exhausted planes had to be waved off, forcing many to ditch close to the carrier or nearby destroyers whose lookouts kept their eyes peeled for bobbing air crews.
It was just before noon when Lindsey took over for a spent Jim Daniels, who had, since 0930, supervised the landing of more than 60 planes, some badly damaged. Lindsey was not new to the platform, having served as LSO for Enterprise during and since Midway, and as assistant LSO in all the previous operations. By every account, Lindsey performed like a master conductor, and brought every aircraft safely aboard. But a flight deck beneath Swede’s wheels didn’t translate into comfort and civilized pleasures. Severe bomb damage made even water scarce, a serious issue in the tropics. After quickly refueling and rearming their planes, Swede and a relieved Whitey were sent back aloft for a second CAP.
“We knew there’d be more attacks,” Swede said. “About 45 minutes into the flight, less than an hour, but after 1400, we saw another attack come in. It was a large group, 12 or more Kates coming as horizontal bombers. I begged the fighter director for permission to attack. ‘Negative, hold your position.’ We could see them—we could have overtaken them. ‘Can I detach three CAP F4Fs for an interception?’ ‘Negative.’ The whole Japanese group swept over the Hornet, doglegged left and disappeared. I was furious at the control people.”
That attack from equally exhausted Japanese pilots resulted in a further bomb hit and a lot of resentment from Hornet fighter pilots, who felt that Swede’s CAP had simply abandoned the sinking carrier to her fate. Part of the problem was that Enterprise had to steer into the wind and away from the drifting hulk of Hornet, giving every indication of hightailing it out of there and dragging her CAP further from Hornet.
Swede again launched for what turned out to be a blessedly short and thankfully uneventful third CAP over Enterprise. By 1730, it was time to come home. Trapped and spotted airplanes now littered the deck. Observers upstairs on the island were hard pressed to spot any deck peeking through the fighters and bombers—including aircraft from the doomed Hornet—parked everywhere. Anyone overseeing the proceedings below quickly grasped their enormous vulnerability. Just one plane overshooting a cable could easily set off fires and explosions fatal to the ship.
Lindsey’s talents notwithstanding, orders from the bridge reflected larger tactical concerns. With the flight deck now impossibly crowded with aircraft, Lindsey was ordered to “put planes in the water.” Scuttlebutt had it that to continue landing planes was the stuff of court-martial. “Admiral, I can bring ‘em aboard,” Lindsey appealed. Wisely, Kinkaid chose not to interfere. Energized by the intense dramas all around him, Lindsey grabbed his paddles and strode back to his platform. The demanding yet delicate task of landing a battered, weary, and fuel-deprived array of desperate fighters and bomber pilots belonged to him.
By the time Swede finally made the groove, he was the last of 10 who had had only the no. 1 wire available to them. “I was the last to land. We had a lot of inexperienced new guys, and I figured it was best to let them in first. I gave the lead to my wingman. I saw how crowded the deck had become, and realized I might have to land on the water. I had complete confidence in Robin and in my ability to control my plane. I didn’t realize how little room there was until I came around. But Lindsey brought me in slow and low; how I missed the round down I don’t know.” Around 1750, Swede hooked that solitary lifeline. As there was absolutely no more room on the flight deck, his plane was chocked on the spot.
Swede recalled the moment. “At that point, the place went crazy. Everyone, pilots, crew, the whole ship waved and hollered at what Lindsey had just pulled off. They probably would have done the same if I’d crashed.”
The night before, following the terror-filled goose chase, air officer John Crommelin exhorted his shaken pilots, “Tomorrow if you get back to the ship and into the groove, we’ll get you aboard.” Lindsey, his magic on full display, made good on Crommelin’s promise.
Swede Vejtasa shot down seven confirmed and one probable Japanese aircraft during the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands on 26 October 1942. He’s shown here after the battle.
Swede’s deck-edge trap signaled the end of the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands for Air Group 10, and initiated a petty and vindictive command discussion about how to recognize Swede’s astounding performance. Swede’s unprecedented sortie had made him an ace and more in a day. Flatley had not flown with the expendable strike group, nor had he witnessed any of Swede’s victories the next day, but he rightly understood the significance of Swede’s mission. Flatley noted on the margin of Swede’s flight log, “Greatest single combat Fight Record in the history of Air Warfare. Congratulations. J H Flatley.” Under remarks for the mission, Swede noted, “‘The Battle of Stewart Islands’ shot down (5) Mitsubishi VT planes, (2) Aichi Dive bombers, (1) probable VT jap (sic). Total: 7 confirmed, 1 probable.”
So impressed was Flatley that he wrote Swede up for a Medal of Honor. It was an unrequited gesture. Perhaps angered by Swede’s outburst on the 25th, which subsequent events vindicated, an ungrateful Kinkaid responded by downgrading Flatley’s recommendation to a Distinguished Flying Cross. Somewhere up the line, wiser heads prevailed. Swede was awarded a third Navy Cross.
Nearly 70 years later retired Rear Adm. Whitey Feightner still firmly believes Swede earned the Medal of Honor that day. During our interviews this past year, I asked Swede about these events and whether he thought he was a hero. He was quick to defer. “No way. That honor belongs to Robin Lindsey.”
Ted Edwards is a freelance historian. His most recent book, Leonard “Robbie” Robinson: Waxahachie Warrior, was published by FastPencil Press in 2010. He is currently working on a biography of Swede Vejtasa, tentatively entitled, In His Own Words: Swede Vejtasa, the Battle of Santa Cruz and Beyond.
Enterprise Thinking in Action
A new Naval Aviation Enterprise initiative helps improve maintenance on H-53 helicopters by monitoring the condition of systems and anticipatingneeds before equipment breaks down.(Photo by MC2 Josue L. Escobosa)
These are unprecedented budgetary times. Tune in to the latest communications coming from Navy and Marine Corps leaders and one will hear how important it is to sustain readiness in the face of difficult national budget reconciliations, to be judicious stewards of the nation’s resources, and to find more effective and efficient ways of doing business.
Beginning in the late 1990s, Naval Aviation conducted several process improvement initiatives in the areas of training and cost per flight hour. These projects shifted the aviation community’s cultural mindset from one of consumption to one that considered readiness within the framework of cost effectiveness, helping Naval Aviation achieve savings and retention of warfighting capability. Building on this success, by 2004 Naval Aviation had codified a process of collaboration and cross-functional decision making based on a set of enterprise principles.
The Naval Aviation Enterprise (NAE) was officially established in 2004 to advance and sustain warfighting capabilities at an affordable cost. The NAE is not a command and exercises no command authority. It is a partnership of stakeholders subscribing to a set of enterprise principles and tenets that enable stakeholders to overcome stovepipes to cooperate for the greater good of Naval Aviation. Navy and Marine Corps flag and general officers lead and engage this enterprise partnership across their aviation commands and other organizations. This informal structure facilitates increased transparency, collaboration, continuous improvement, and the utilization of metrics to inform objective and focused actions geared toward efficient delivery of Naval Aviation forces ready for tasking.
Sailors assemble an aircraft engine in the jet shop aboard USS George H.W. Bush. (Photo by MC3 Leonard Adams)
The NAE’s efforts were initially focused on improving aircraft warfighting readiness. Success in this field led to a broader approach to address other strategic challenges. NAE cross-functional teams currently focus on four areas: current readiness, total manpower, the coordination of fiscal resources, and future readiness initiatives.
In 2009, the NAE recognized the need for a greater emphasis on the future readiness of Naval Aviation forces, as well as controlling the total ownership costs of weapon systems. The future readiness cross-functional team (FRCFT) that was established to facilitate these goals began with three strategic objectives: championing future readiness issues, identifying and engaging with future readiness stakeholders, and evaluating issues for fielded systems and sustainment infrastructure as part of the future readiness initiatives process. This process was established in 2010 to solicit ideas from stakeholders across the enterprise on ways to improve readiness or total ownership costs for already fielded aircraft and associated weapon systems.
These ideas are then evaluated and the best among them selected and prioritized for inclusion in the budget. In the first year, the team received approximately 35 submissions that were evaluated by a team composed largely of experts from the NAVAIR cost department and logistics competency. Nine initiatives were selected and briefed to senior leaders to gain their endorsement.
In the end, seven of the nine initiatives were supported with an investment of more than $130 million. They are expected to achieve a net cost avoidance of approximately $1.57 billion over the lives of their supported systems, a return of more than 10 to one. For fiscal year 2013, an additional 10 initiatives were endorsed, five of which were supported in the budget cycle, with funding of $175 million and an expected cost avoidance of $800 million. The NAE’s integrated resource management team will monitor these initiatives to measure their success in achieving promised savings.
Steadfast leadership support for future readiness initiatives during the fiscal year 2012-14 program objectives cycles and beyond is central to the success of this process. Future readiness initiatives have consistently appeared on the type commander’s priorities list issued annually by Commander, Naval Air Forces, in support of readiness and sustainment priorities. These initiatives will drive down sustainment costs and, by contributing to a more cost-effective and capable force, may have a positive impact on the future of Naval Aviation.
Examples of initiatives include a next generation prognostics-based solution for better understanding weapon system maintenance requirements. The system factors in the extent of deviation or degradation of a system’s components from expected normal operating conditions, and then devises a condition-based maintenance response prior to actual component failure.
The H-53 condition-based maintenance initiative funds the elements necessary to monitor critical systems on an aircraft, tracking performance trends to alert maintainers when maintenance is required. Conventional maintenance strategies consist of corrective and preventive maintenance. In corrective maintenance, the system is maintained on an “as-needed” basis, usually after a major breakdown. A prognostic system will alert maintainers when an area is degrading before failure, saving surrounding components from damage and reducing technician time to accomplish repairs. A systems-oriented approach to prognostics requires that the failure detection and inspection-based methods be augmented with forecasting of parts degradation, mission criticality, and decision support. The H-53E platform is the pilot for the condition-based maintenance systems, methodology, and standards that may one day reside on all Naval Aviation platforms.
Future readiness initiatives also include more conventional approaches dedicated to addressing known readiness shortcomings or total ownership cost issues. The NAVAIR engine reliability fix concept, now in its sixth iteration, focuses on improving engine readiness and reducing total ownership costs. This effort addresses safety-related failure modes as well as improving repair manuals and the reliability of engine/module parts and assemblies that are expensive to maintain and difficult to remove from aircraft.
The latest iteration of the engine reliability fix program deals with five engine types: the F414, F404, T700, T56-A-427, and T64. The platforms powered by these engines include the F/A-18 and E-2C aircraft and the H-60, H-1, and H-53 helicopters. This program provides the resources necessary to sustain reliability and address fleet deficiencies while preventing repair cost growth. These platforms will be in the fleet for many years, so reducing/optimizing sustainment costs while maintaining readiness is critical.
Sgt. Cameron Johnson and Sgt. Brandon Allen, assigned to the White Knights of HMM-165 (REIN) remove an engine from a CH-53 Super Stallion aboard USS Peleliu. (Photo by MC2 Michael Russell)
The engine reliability fix and H-53 condition-based maintenance initiatives are shaping the future, and the FRCFT continues to seek ideas from the fleet. While the team is known for championing ideas—from any stakeholder in the NAE—that lead to total ownership cost reduction and readiness improvement, the team also leads numerous other efforts. These include facilitating engagement and better-informed decision making in the requirements and acquisition process, as well as identifying best practices aimed at improving the transition rate of science and technology investments into fleet use. All of these affect the Navy’s ability to field future capabilities, achieve total ownership cost reduction goals, and meet readiness entitlements.
The FRCFT is a relatively young partnership, but enterprise thinking is not. When used effectively, the collaboration, transparency, and metrics-informed decision making between warfighters, support providers, and resource sponsors will help the Navy and Marine Corps make the tough decisions necessary to ensure Naval Aviation continues to deliver the right force at the right time.
Capt. Beaulieu is the commanding officer of the Defense Contract Management Agency’s aircraft propulsion operations. He was a resource officer assigned to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Director of Air Warfare (N98). Capt. Gurke is a contractor with Booz Allen Hamilton who supports the NAE future readiness team. If you have an idea for saving the Navy or Marine Corps money or making it easier to do our job, connect with a member of the future readiness team by contacting nae@navy.mil.
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May 4, 2012 Future Force Staff
Hasslin’ Hornets
Two F/A-18Cs were on an overwater one-versus-one air combat maneuvering flight. Following an engagement during which the wingman executed a left oblique maneuver, the leader called, “OK, let’s knock it off. I’m at your right side now. Level your wings.” The leader intended to maneuver the flight for the next setup.
The wingman, however, was experiencing difficulty. He had flown into an 80-degree, nose-up attitude, 120 knots airspeed. Shortly thereafter, his Hornet stagnated at 25 degrees nose up, 70-degree left angle of bank, 60 knots airspeed. The pilot increased left rudder, left aileron, and backstick, and the F/A-18 departed controlled flight.
The leader thought his wingman appeared to be in a flat attitude relative to the horizon but did not realize the pilot was out of control. The pilot in trouble retarded throttles to idle and held flight control neutral. At 16,000 feet, descending airspeed indicated 48 knots.
“Do you have a visual on me?” transmitted the leader.
“Knock it off, I’m ballistic,” responded the wingman, alerting the leader he was, indeed, out of control.
The leader rogered.
The wingman then selected “normal” on the heads up display symbology to obtain boxes around altitude and airspeed. He did not, at any time, recall the angle of attack (AOA) reading but heard the AOA tone intermittently.
The leader maintained continuing relative position on the falling Hornet. At 14,000 feet, he called, “10,000 feet” to advise the wingman of the approaching altitude. The wingman rogered. Passing 11,000 feet, he momentarily selected military power while maintaining neutral flight controls, then reselected idle.
The Hornet was not oscillating slightly in roll and pitch. “Get the AOA down,” transmitted the leader. As the motion became more violent, the wingman had to work harder to maintain neutral stick by bracing his feet against the rudder pedals and his body against the seat with both hands on the stick. He could not understand why the Hornet was not accelerating or beginning to recover. He actuated the spin recovery switch but that didn’t help.
The leader radioed, “9,000 feet,” and at 7,500 feet the wingman decided to eject. He took his left hand off the stick and placed it on the throttle to transmit his intentions. He took his right hand off the stick and located the ejection handle.
When the leader noticed the Hornet pitch nose down, he reported, “You’re gaining airspeed. That’s good,” just as the wingman transmitted, “Ejecting.” Neither heard the other’s call.
The wingman ejected safely and was rescued, uninjured. The time from the “knock it off. I’m ballistic” call to ejection was 39 seconds, and in this period the Hornet swung 350 degrees counterclockwise, losing 7,000 feet.
Holy Howlin’ Hornets! This flier put himself into his own vise by violatin’ one of the hard rules of the aviatin’ business: maintain flyin’ speed! He couldn’t complete the vertical maneuver, then induced the departure with increasin’ left rudder, left aileron, and backstick at too low a speed.
It took him too long to analyze his out-of-control situation. He didn’t use the AOA, visually or aurally, to figure out where his nose really was. He thought the nose was down when it was flat, and couldn’t figure why he wasn’t gainin’ speed. The indicator kept tellin’ him 48 or so knots. Confusion got the best of him.
He probably had high AOA hang-up or was in a low-yaw-rate spin. Whatever, at the first sign of trouble, neutral controls mighta got him out of it. Could be he was unknowingly holdin’ aft stick in and overridin’ the feedback mechanism, too.
Key points: call on your indicators (i.e., AOA) and other instruments for help if things don’t “feel” right—just like when you get vertigo off the bow. And know what to do before you have to do it—meanin’ practice for emergencies.
Old Gramps is all for bein’ optimistic, as most naval aviators are. But the best pros are the wary optimists who know how to handle trouble immediately, especially when it comes unannounced.
(Originally published in May-June 1992)
A Matter of Priorities
Rain fell in a steady drizzle as the F-14 Tomcat rolled, under tow, from the flight line to the wash rack area where it would receive its regularly scheduled weekend scrub in preparation for the following week’s flight schedule. The brake rider, concerned with the rain, closed the canopy to protect himself and the sophisticated cockpit instruments from the steadily increasing drizzle.
Once the aircraft was parked and chocked, the brake rider secured the cockpit and attempted to exit. He actuated the normal canopy select handle; however, the canopy moved only a couple of inches up off the cockpit sills and stopped. Realizing that the nitrogen charge must be low, he then attempted to manually push the canopy open but with little success. The canopy moved only another two to three inches and stopped.
The brake rider signaled to the tow crew supervisor that the canopy would not open. The tow crew checked the canopy actuator nitrogen gauge and noticed that the pressure was very low. The crewman turned to bring the nearby nitrogen cart alongside the aircraft to service the canopy actuator system. As he walked toward the cart, he was startled by a loud explosion, and realized immediately what had happened. He turned to see the double cockpit F-14 canopy fall to the deck near the aircraft. After the dust, smoke, and debris had cleared, the brake rider exited the aircraft.
Jumpin’ Jehoshaphat, if this doesn’t beat all! Within the previous two months, this young lad had received two ejection seat/canopy checkouts, had recently completed brake rider school, and was fully qualified.
During the tow from the hangar area, the brake rider noted the time. He became concerned about the lateness of the hour and the pending squadron basketball game in which he was to play. When the canopy failed to open, his concern mounted. Impatience led to frustration. He was not content to wait the 5-10 minutes which would be required to service the canopy actuator and open the canopy. Timely attendance at the squadron basketball game had now become his most pressing priority. Fully aware of his actions, the brake rider consciously selected the canopy jettison handle, blew the canopy from the aircraft, and climbed down from the cockpit.
Following the incident, the brake rider was escorted to the base dispensary. He was administered a physiological and psychological profile and determined to be fit in all aspects for duty.
This literally blew my mind! Maybe this young lad was, in fact, fit for duty. Well, I am fit to be tied! His irresponsible actions resulted in a quarter-of-a-million dollars in damage to the F-14 aircraft. We don’t need, and can’t afford, that kind of help!
(Originally published in July 1982)
Explaining the “Miracle” at Midway
In the “Famous Four Minutes,” Japan’s offensive in the Pacific came to a halt as SBD Dauntlesses from USS Enterprise (CV 6) and USS Yorktown (CV 5) surprised Vice Adm. Nagumo’s strike force on the morning of 4 June 1942. The carriers Akagi (foreground), Kaga (in distance), and Soryu were mortally damaged. The fourth carrier, Hiryu, would be attacked later that same day. (R.G. Smith, rgsmithart.com)
Seventy years ago, over the course of the first week of June 1942, naval, air, and ground forces of the United States and Imperial Japan fought what would be known as the Battle of Midway. Although other battles would soon eclipse Midway in size and scope, no naval battle of World War II—and few others, if any, in all of naval history—would have so many momentous consequences ascribed to it as this singular engagement. Going into the battle, Japan’s martial fortunes were advancing in every theater of Asia, and the United States and its allies were reeling from one defeat after another. Less than a week later, four Japanese fleet carriers would be twisted ruins on the bottom of the Pacific, and the Imperial High Command would be so stunned that it would keep the results of the battle a secret from the Japanese people for the rest of the war.
The story of the battle has been told and retold over the years, and Midway continues to hold a mythological place in the collective memory of the U.S. Navy and the United States. In the past decade and a half in particular, however, a new generation of scholars has greatly added to our understanding of the battle. This article will present a portrait of this work that will hopefully prove illuminating for both those who follow the field and those who do not.
In a classic photo that has come to symbolize the Battle of Midway, U.S. Navy Douglas SBD-3 "Dauntless" dive bombers of scouting squadron VS-8 from the aircraft carrier USS Hornet approach the burning Japanese heavy cruiser Mikuma to make the third set of attacks on her, during the Battle of Midway, June 6, 1942. National Archives photo
To talk about Midway is to confront the problem of explaining coincidence, contingency, and outcome in war. American scholars of Midway have long sought to explain the many seeming coincidences by characterizing the result of the battle as little short of a “miracle.” Walter Lord would name his 1967 narrative of Midway Incredible Victory, and 15 years later Gordon Prange’s posthumously published account of the battle was straightforwardly entitled Miracle at Midway. One battle participant’s memoir, God Was at Midway, even saw divine intervention at work.1The titles were more than mere rhetorical flourishes; the concept of the miracle has helped to explain the elements of the battle that have eluded detection, explication, or understanding. Over the years, Midway has perhaps become less of a miracle—but many mysteries remain.
One of the first monographs to describe the battle was Victory at Midway, written by Griffith Bailey Coale, the U.S. Navy’s first official combat artist and witness to the immediate aftermath of the battle (he arrived on Midway days after the main engagement). The book, published in 1944, is mostly autobiographical and filled with the exaggerated casualty claims common to a war still in progress (i.e., multiple Japanese battleships, destroyers, and transports are said to have been damaged or sunk, none of which actually occurred). Nonetheless, the work established the broad themes and tone that would characterize many of the Midway histories to follow: a crushing defeat was achieved against great odds; further invasions of Hawaii, Panama, and the West Coast were averted; and American bravery and fighting spirit won the day.2
It is telling that Midway’s story would first be told by an artist. Perhaps more than any other major battle of World War II—a conflict otherwise documented by abundant film and still photography—Midway long lacked a clear and detailed visual record.3 There are no images of the battle’s key moments—most notably the final U.S. dive-bombing attacks on the Japanese strike group (the Kido Butai). Only a few photos exist of the attacks’ aftermath, and these are of only one carrier (Hiryu). Coale’s work, as well as that of other artists such as R.G. Smith, has come to be among the most important visual representations of the battle. None of these artists, however, was an eyewitness to the combat at Midway.
Dramatic art by Griffith Bailey Coale, such as his “Dive Bombing Japanese Carriers at Midway,” depicted the Battle of Midway as a triumphant victory over the Japanese. Unlike the scene here with multiple ship types sinking, in reality the attacks by VB-6, VS-6, and VB-3 on 4 June fatally damaged three of the Kido Butai’s carriers—a more than decisive result. (Griffith Bailey Coale, Navy Art Gallery)
Historians have also been key participants in the construction of the story and memory of Midway. Just as the creation of the visual record of the battle’s most important moments has required the skilled brushes of painters, so too has Midway’s incomplete written record required the critical imaginations of historians working in the absence of important documents. Most important, deck logs and maintenance records from all four Japanese carriers, as well as from USS Yorktown, were lost and incompletely re-created from memory. Modern scholarship, increasingly concerned with the hours before the final attack on the Kido Butai on the morning of 4 June and the question of what was happening on the flight and hangar decks of the Japanese carriers during that time, have had to speculate using a range of alternative sources to answer these questions.
The first widely available historical account in English was Samuel Eliot Morison’s Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions, the fourth volume in his 15-volume History of the United States Naval Operations in World War II. Originally published in 1949 with the benefit of only a handful of available official documents including log books, action reports, and publications from the Office of Naval Intelligence and Naval War College, Morison’s work lacked strong input from Japanese sources. A subsequent printing in 1959 incorporated scholarship from what has been the most significant (and long the only) Japanese source translated into English on the battle, Mitsuo Fuchida’s and Masatake Okumiya’s Midway: the Battle that Doomed Japan, published in the United States in 1955. Later scholars would argue this work suffers from serious faults of credibility—despite the authorship of Fuchida, who led the air attack on Pearl Harbor and was present on Akagi at Midway. Morison also suffered under the limitation of having to skirt around the issue of the true nature of the intelligence coup that made the battle of Midway possible. In the 1950s, much of the story on the breaking of the JN-25 naval code was still classified, so Morison and his team of research assistants had to explain Adm. Chester Nimitz’s apparent foreknowledge of Adm. Isoroku Yamamoto’s plan by stating vaguely that “Intelligence fed [Nimitz] a fairly accurate account of Japanese plans and preparations, deduced from various bits of information from a variety of sources.”4
The mystery of the origin of these “bits of information” could have been the basis for a strong claim, if any could be made, that the battle indeed was a “miracle” for the United States. Morison concludes matter-of-factly, however, that “Midway was a victory of intelligence, bravely and wisely applied.”5 The full declassification in the 1960s and 70s of the efforts that resulted in the breaking of the JN-25 naval code allowed later historians to incorporate more detail about the intelligence side of the battle into the narrative. Subsequent historians dealing with Midway would acknowledge the importance of intelligence breakthroughs in allowing Nimitz to have foreknowledge of Japanese plans and forces. (Walter Lord, writing in the late 1960s, was the first to outline in detail the story of Cmdr. Joe Rochefort and his group at Station Hypo, which broke JN-25.6) Getting the two forces in proximity, however, only ensured that a battle took place—intelligence alone did not predetermine the outcome at Midway. The search for explanations would come to focus on the many key moments and coincidences of the battle, none more so than the crucial American dive-bombing attack on the carriers Akagi, Kaga, and Soryu.
Hornet’s air group, spotted on deck and warming up on the morning of 4 June. Hornet’s performance during the battle revealed serious deficiencies in the new carrier’s operational procedures and planning.
Fuchida and Okumiya brought to the narrative of Midway the Japanese side of the gripping story of the “five fateful minutes,” in which Vice Adm. Chuichi Nagumo’s carriers went from seeming success to utter ruin on the morning of 4 June. “At 1020 Admiral Nagumo gave the order to launch when ready. On Akagi’s flight deck all planes were in position with engines warming up. The big ship began turning into the wind. Within five minutes all her planes would be launched. . . . At 1024 the order to start launching came from the bridge by voice-tube. The Air Officer flapped a white flag, and the first Zero fighter gathered speed and whizzed off the deck. At that instant a lookout screamed: ‘Hell-divers!’” Fuchida’s retelling was all the more compelling because he claimed to be on the flight deck at that moment American bombs began to fall.7
Fuchida and Okumiya explained the loss at Midway with a number of criticisms of Japanese actions and failures. These included: the success of U.S. intelligence and a corresponding failure of Japanese intelligence; faulty planning, especially an unwise dispersion of forces, lack of a single goal, and bad pre-battle reconnaissance; specific tactical faults by Nagumo, in particular inadequate search procedures on 4 June, allocating too many aircraft to the Midway strike, and a failure to attack the American carrier (Yorktown) immediately on contact; and Yamamoto’s failure to respond appropriately after the crisis and his self-imposed isolation at sea that left him too distant from the Kido Butai to help.
The authors also faulted Japan’s lack of ingenuity in using battleships as close escorts for the navy’s carriers, an overemphasis on quality over quantity in naval aviation, the lack of radar on Japanese vessels, and, perhaps most important of all, Japan’s sufferance from “Victory Disease”— the clouding of judgment resulting from the many easy victories of the early months of the war. “There is an irrationality and impulsiveness about our people which results in actions that are haphazard and often contradictory,” Fuchida and Okumiya conclude. “Indecisive and vacillating, we succumb readily to conceit, which in turn makes us disdainful of others. . . . Our want of rationality often leads us to confuse desire and reality, and thus to do things without careful planning.”8
Lord’s narrative description of the battle incorporated Fuchida and Okumiya’s view of the imminent launch of the Japanese strike against the American carrier force and the attack of American dive-bombers happening within minutes of each other.9 Lord’s conclusions would also mirror those of The Battle that Doomed Japan. The Japanese side suffered from bad luck with the late start of the search plane from Tone, the inability to launch its own attack against the American carriers before being attacked themselves, an unwise dispersal of forces, an assumption that U.S. forces would act predictably, and of course a bad case of “Victory Disease.”10 The U.S. had its problems as well—underutilized subs, poor scouting, slow communications, lack of coordination, and a tentative pursuit after the battle—but victory was nonetheless secured. “Against overwhelming odds, with the most meager resources, and often at fearful self-sacrifice,” Lord concluded, “a few determined men reversed the course of the war in the Pacific.”11
Gordon Prange (and his co-authors Donald Goldstein and Katherine Dillon, who completed his manuscript after his death in 1980) provided the most detailed analysis to date of the causes and outcomes of the battle, but broadly followed similar lines to Morison, Fuchida, Okumiya, and Lord in assigning primacy to Japan’s loss to a host of tactical missteps by Nagumo and the ever-present “Victory Disease,” while crediting U.S. victory to intelligence, the leadership of Nimitz, Rear Adm. Frank Jack Fletcher, and Rear Adm. Raymond Spruance, and the bravery of the men who fought the battle.12 For all of Nagumo’s faults and wrong turns, however, fate dealt him a blow that was beyond his control. “The final debacle was due to a stroke of good luck on the United States side—the uncoordinated coordination of the dive bombers hitting three carriers at once while the torpedo strikes were still in progress,” wrote Prange. “Except for those six short minutes, Nagumo would have been the victor, and all his decisions would have been accounted to him for righteousness.”13
For Prange, Yamamoto was ultimately to blame for the outcome at Midway because of the admiral’s decisions to split his forces, to provide an overly complicated plan, and to hamstring himself by remaining aboard the battleship Yamato under a communications blackout. Here was a paradox that is implicit in much of the historiography of Midway: luck was at play in the tactical conduct of the battle (i.e., the coincidences that constitute the “miracle”), and yet the fatal flaws of the plan doomed it to failure from the start (either because of the faults of Yamamoto personally or the Japanese in general). How can a battle be both a miraculous and an inevitable victory (or defeat)?
Since the late 1990s, research on Midway has shifted toward a closer analysis of the Japanese forces in the battle, made possible by engagement with Japanese documents (in particular, the official history, Senshi Sosho) and other sources either ignored by or unknown to earlier American historians. Key to this movement was the publication of two seminal works, David Evans and Mark Peattie’s Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1997 and Mark Peattie’s Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power in 2001, which incorporated extensive research in Japanese archives and provided keen analysis of operational doctrine, technology, and strategy. Taking advantage of this work, a series of articles in the Naval War College Review by Dallas Isom (“The Battle of Midway: Why the Japanese Lost,” Summer 2000) and Jonathan Parshall, David Dickson, and Anthony Tully (“Doctrine Matters: Why the Japanese Lost at Midway,” Summer 2001) brought a renewed focus on Nagumo’s decisions and the shipboard operations of his aircraft on the morning of 4 June. Both Isom (Midway Inquest: Why the Japanese Lost the Battle of Midway, 2007) and Parshall and Tully (Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway, 2005) subsequently published book-length versions of their arguments.
The late Dallas Isom, a former Oregon law professor, brings a lawyer’s attention to detail to the study of the battle in Midway Inquest. He focuses on the Kido Butai’s actions on the morning of 4 June, specifically the “crucial period” between 0715 and 1025, during which time a second strike on Midway was contemplated, part of the American fleet was identified, the first Midway strike returned, and a series of decisions about which targets to strike were made by Nagumo. At the heart of Isom’s analysis is the study of torpedo handling and loading procedures—for if the Kido Butai was to attack the American ships spotted that morning by the cruiser Tone’s search plane, it would need its Nakajima B5N Kate bombers loaded with the deadly Type 91 torpedo. The Type 91 was the most powerful ship-killing weapon in the Japanese arsenal, so it is unlikely they would have launched a strike without their torpedo aircraft being ready. Switching between bomb loads (for land targets) and torpedo loads (for ship targets) or back again took time, and it is the issue of time (both when orders for rearming were given and how long those orders took to carry out) that is at the heart of Isom’s analysis. His key claim is that because of a series of factors—the timing of the search plane’s contact with Task Force 17, the multiple attacks by land- and carrier-based U.S. aircraft, and the physical time necessary to rearm the torpedo planes—Nagumo was not ready to launch a strike against the American carriers at 1020 when the SDB Dauntlesses from Enterprise and Yorktown appeared above the Kido Butai.14
As these photos of the Soryu, Hiryu, and Akagi taken on the morning of 4 June by attacking American aircraft from Midway reveal, the only aircraft on deck are a handful of combat air patrol fighters. Because of the nearly continuous evasive maneuvering of the carriers during the numerous American attacks that morning, several authors have argued that the Japanese were not ready to launch a strike before the aircraft of Enterprise and Yorktown attacked.
In Shattered Sword, Parshall and Tully provide an alternate time sequence and explanation of the events on the morning of 4 June, claiming that because of the nearly constant attacks by American aircraft and the necessity of retrieving combat air patrol (CAP) aircraft, it was the maneuvering of the Japanese carriers that hindered rearming operations and the spotting of the strike force aircraft.15 The two books’ tactical explanations for Nagumo’s inability to launch a strike against the American carriers that morning differ, but the overall conclusion of both books is that Nagumo was nowhere near being ready for such a strike—and hence the miraculous coincidence of Fuchida’s “fatal five minutes” is greatly diminished. Photographic evidence taken of the carriers maneuvering to avoid early morning air attacks clearly shows empty flight decks, except for a handful of CAP fighters.16
Parshall and Tully make a series of other significant claims: that the late launch of Tone’s No. 4 search plane may have actually led to an earlier sighting of the Americans (also argued by Isom); that a reserve strike group was not ready to go when the Americans were first discovered as claimed by earlier historians; that VT-8’s sacrifice alone did not disrupt Japanese CAP operations; and that it was the Kido Butai’s loss of its highly trained maintenance and ground crews, not its pilots, that was the most grievous loss of Midway.17 And the authors also debunk the myth of the “miracle” at Midway: rather than being a triumph of an American David over a Japanese Goliath, Yamamoto’s exceptionally complicated plan ensured that for all of the forces he used for the operation, it would be only the 20 warships of the Kido Butai that would engage the 25 warships of the American Task Forces 16 and 17. Nagumo could confidently rely on only 248 aircraft; Nimitz could call on 233 carrier aircraft and 120 or so aircraft at Midway. The authors’ most trenchant conclusion is that explaining the outcome of the battle means looking far deeper than the tactical missteps on which most historians have dwelled. “[T]he Japanese defeat was not the result of some solitary, crucial breakdown in Japanese designs. It was not the result of Victory Disease, nor of a few crucial personal mistakes. Rather, what appears is a complex, comprehensive web of failures stretching across every level of the battle—strategic, operational, and tactical. . . . They were the end products of an organization that failed to learn correctly from its past, failed to plan correctly for its future, and then failed to adapt correctly to circumstances once those plans were shown to be flawed.”18 Here, the key failure was going to war in the first place with a flawed military system—even had Midway ended differently, allied victory was inevitable against a Japanese military that could neither produce adequate numbers of ships, aircraft, and trained personnel nor learn from its mistakes.
The most recent work on Midway, The Battle of Midway by former Naval Academy history professor Craig Symonds, incorporates much of the work done by Isom, Parshall, and Tully, and is a comprehensive account (if focused on narrative rather than analysis). Notable among Symonds’ contributions is his emphasis on the problems encountered by Hornet’s air group throughout the battle. The newest carrier at Midway, USS Hornet and its pilots suffered a series of misfortunes that led to nearly all of them failing to engage the enemy during the battle—except for the men of Torpedo Squadron (VT) 8, who attacked the Kido Butai but had only one survivor.
The carrier’s faults were so numerous that only a single action report was filed after the engagement (rather than one for each squadron) and the ship’s commanding officer, Capt. Marc Mitscher, may have deliberately falsified it to cover up the notorious “flight to nowhere.”19 Symonds brings back into sharp focus the many missteps and disappointing performance on the American side—for all the effort by scores of aircraft (and the sacrifices of pilots and air crewmen), for instance, only the SBDs from Enterprise and Yorktown scored hits during the battle. Symonds argues that it was the decisions and actions of key individuals, rather than of chance, that led to the battle’s outcome. “[T]he Battle of Midway is best explained and understood by focusing on the people involved.”20 Although this is in line with the movement toward making the battle out to have little to do with luck, in a way it brings the story of the battle full-circle by reemphasizing the actions of individuals, rather than the doctrine, operational procedures, strategy, and organizational culture emphasized by other historians.
At the heart of the story of Midway is the issue of contingency in battle. To say that contingency was a factor in the battle’s decision is not to say that its outcome was a “miracle”—indeed, contingency was as present at Midway as it is at every battle. In that sense, Midway was unremarkable. What was remarkable about Midway was the sudden shift in the war’s direction brought about by the battle’s outcome. As some historians have argued, that shift may indeed have been inevitable—had it not taken place at Midway, it would have taken place somewhere else—but studying this battle remains valuable for better understanding of how these kinds of shifts take place.
1 Stanford E. Linzey, God Was at Midway: The Sinking of the USS Yorktown (CV-5) and the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway (Chula Vista, Calif.: Black Forest Press, 1996).
2 Griffith Bailey Coale, Victory at Midway (New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1944), p. 151-53.
3 This was a problem largely rectified by A Glorious Page in Our History: The Battle of Midway, 4-6 June 1942 (Missoula, Mont.: Pictorial Histories, 1990) by Robert Cressman, et al.
4 Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions (Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 2001 [1947-62]), p. 80.
5 Morison, p. 158.
6 Walter Lord, Incredible Victory (Short Hills, NJ: Burford Books, 1998 [1967]), pp. 17-28. Rochefort himself finally became the subject of a serious biography with Eliot Carlson’s Joe Rochefort’s War: The Odyssey of the Codebreaker Who Outwitted Yamamoto at Midway (Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 2011).
7 Mituso Fuchida and Masatake Okumiya, Midway: The Battle That Doomed Japan, The Japanese Navy’s Story (Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1955), pp. 176-77.
8 Fuchida and Okumiya, pp. 232-48.
9 Lord, pp. 160-61.
10 Lord, p. 285.
12 Gordon W. Prange, Donald M. Goldstein, and Katherine V. Dillon, Miracle at Midway (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982), pp. 370-90.
13 Prange, pp. 374-75.
14 Dallas Woodbury Isom, Midway Inquest: Why the Japanese Lost the Battle of Midway (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 2007), pp. 173-76.
15 Jonathan B. Parshall, David D. Dickson, and Anthony P. Tully, “Doctrine Matters: Why the Japanese Lost at Midway,” Naval War College Review, Summer 2001, Vol. LIV, No. 3, p. 146; Jonathan B. Parshall and Anthony P. Tully, Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway (Dulles, Va.: Potomac Books, 2005), pp. 229-31.
16 The authors suggest Fuchida had an agenda to serve by deliberately distorting the record to cover up deficiencies in Japanese actions on the morning of 4 June. Parshall and Tully, Shattered Sword, pp. 438-39.
17 Parshall and Tully, Shattered Sword, pp. 431-33.
18 Parshall and Tully, Shattered Sword, p. 414.
19 On the morning of 4 June, Hornet’s air group flew on a too-westerly course that overshot the Kido Butai. The group’s squadrons abandoned the group commander, Cmdr. Stanhope Ring, and either returned to Hornet, ditched, or (in VT-8’s case) participated in the fateful torpedo attacks on the Japanese carriers. Craig L. Symonds, The Battle of Midway (New York: Oxford, 2011), pp. 245-65, 389-91.
20 Symonds, p. 5.
Flying the “Drut” in Vietnam
From 1965 to 1968, VMCJ-1 was heavily involved in electronic warfare over North Vietnam. This view shows the EF-10Bs carrying the long-range external fuel tanks that gave them the ability to go all the way to Hanoi if the mission called for it. (Photo courtesy of Jerry Westphal)
During the very early stages of the Vietnam War, the Marines had a specialized aircraft that was capable of jamming enemy radars: the Douglas EF-10B. This aircraft, a derivative of the F3D Skyknight (and affectionately known as the “Drut”—turd spelled backwards), had been a very effective night fighter against the MiG-15 over “MiG Alley” in the Korean War. In the years following that war, the development of radar-guided surface-to-air missiles (SAM) advanced rapidly. In Vietnam, the United States learned this the hard way, when deadly SAM sites started cropping up all over North Vietnam, especially around the Hanoi area.
The only aircraft at the time capable of handling the SAM threat were the F3D-2Q and EF-10B. The Marines were well versed in applying the anti-SAM technology that made the aircraft very effective at countering missile sites. Marine Composite Reconnaissance Squadron (VMCJ) 1 employed that technology in Vietnam and did an excellent job of backing up Navy and Air Force strikes north of the demilitarized zone (DMZ). By the early 1960s, the aircraft was considered obsolete as it was a slow, straight-wing platform that was thrown into a supersonic, swept-wing arena. The primary purpose of the Drut’s jammer was to identify and block fire control radars that made SAMs so effective. That was not the only mission type, however, flown by EF air crews.
One of VMCJ-1’s missions was flying night patrols involving a team effort against Viet Cong road traffic. These flights were different than the regular electronic-countermeasures (ECM) missions in the north, as the former included C-130 flare ships and several bomb-loaded B-57 Canberras. The aircraft often flew in close formation and with zero visibility during new-moon periods. These missions required complete concentration on the part of the EF-10B air crews for hours on end. The main threat usually was not enemy anti-aircraft fire, but vertigo.
One of the Marine pilots who logged a lot of time in the EF-10B north of the DMZ was Lt. H. Wayne Young. “Our role in this was that we would fly wing on a C-130 Hercules flare ship with a couple of B-57s that were orbiting above our track,” Young recalled. “If any fire control would crop up against our flight, our ECM guy [right-seater] would pinpoint it and give a fix to the C-130 crew. I don’t know exactly what type of gear they had on board, but they would relay the info to the B-57s.”
Marine Lt. H. Wayne Young flew the EF-10B on a dangerous mission over Haiphong Harbor in 1965. He also flew RF-8s off carriers and RF-4s from the squadron›s base at Da Nang. He is shown in front of the VMCJ-1 sign at Da Nang. (Photo courtesy of George Clauser and Wayne Young)
Young said that the C-130 would then drop a string of flares to light up the specific area where the signal was received. The bombers would then line up and make a run on whatever the target was with their ordnance.
“At the end of their bomb run [along Highway 1], the B-57s would come off their drops and the C-130 would go into a hard right turn and set up a race track pattern for about 90 minutes,” said Young. “Here we were sitting on the C-130’s wing, in the dark, flying at 190 knots, which was all the big Herc could muster, so we were nearly stalled out trying to maintain position with him. Then [the C-130] would rack his aircraft into a hard right turn and we’d have to slide down underneath him to maintain position and we’d get caught in his prop wash—with our straight-wing EF, we’d be bouncing all over the place! To top that off, the flares would burn out and we would be back in total darkness, usually out over water, so there would be no horizon or reference to focus on except the little white light on the top of the C-130 fuselage. We operated on these missions with all lights off, for obvious reasons. You had no rotating beacon, no navigation lights, and only one light on top of the flare ship as your reference point.”
The only safety features in this mission were the pilots’ eyes. The glaring light from the flares and exploding ordnance, followed by total darkness, wreaked havoc with night vision. Even as their eyes were adjusting back, they had to remain in tight formation with the C-130.
“When you got down in the prop wash, you knew that you were on the right side or left side,” said Young, “but when you were trying to adjust from bright light to darkness, it was extremely dangerous because of the proximity of the two aircraft, and all of this was happening below 10,000 feet. It usually didn’t take long to pick up another signal from an enemy position, and then the process started all over again. We maintained radio silence, and the only communications going on was between the controllers inside the Herc and the B-57s.”
VMCJ-1’s most dangerous missions involved escorting Air Force and Navy bombers deep into North Vietnam. The squadron took every precaution to avoid the SAM sites and MiG-17s that were always near in the higher “Route Pack” areas, especially Hanoi and Haiphong. EF-10Bs were very effective in stand-off jamming, which put them directly off the coast, but still well within effective range to jam enemy radars as strike forces converged on their targets. The squadron lost five EF-10Bs during their deployment, but only two as a result of enemy fire (one in 1966 and the other in 1968). Any mission sending them as far north as Hanoi or Haiphong definitely put them in harm’s way.
Young was on one of those missions that went all the way to the Haiphong area in 1965. It was a two-ship jamming element; the other EF, piloted by Capt. Chuck Houseman, was the lead. After they finished protecting the strike force, and before they could turn back toward their base, the Air Force asked them for some “extra” duty.
“Our EF-10Bs were definitely a guarded asset, because if we lost one, we couldn’t order an immediate replacement [since] they were in very short supply,” said Young. “We were equipped with a K-10 camera which was a huge box camera that was excellent in taking aerial images. Also, the fact we were so slow also enhanced the quality of each frame. The [Air Force] asked us to stay up in the area long enough to swing over Haiphong Harbor and get some pictures. On these deep missions, we were always escorted by a couple of Marine F-4s, which was rare for our Phantoms as they were usually working close air support for the troops far to the south.”
Both pilots were up for the idea, and instead of making the usual right turn they would ease over the harbor and use their cameras. Houseman told Young to slide about 100 yards off his right wing and slightly behind, so the two cameras would cover a much wider area.
VMCJ-1 was one of the most versatile Marine squadrons to serve in the Vietnam War. At one time or another, they flew (from left to right) the RF-4, EF-10B, EA-6A, and RF-8 (not pictured). (Photo courtesy of George Clauser and Wayne Young)
“Just as we turned on the cameras, the sky opened up,” said Young. “We were catching everything they had and I was yelling over the radio to Houseman that we were getting a lot of flak that he couldn’t see because it was behind him. I’m watching all this flak walk right up to my plane and I’m flying a slow, straight-wing “Drut” that is flying at 230 mph instead of being in an RF-8 doing Mach 2. We made the run and got out without any damage. When we returned to base, the CO was upset when he found out what we had done during the latter part of the mission. He called the Air Force and said that if they needed any more missions like that, he would send his RF-8s rather than risk losing a valuable jammer! This happened to be the last time we went up in that area again in the EF-10B.”
During the three years the Marine “Drut” served in the war, they logged more than 9,000 sorties and provided electronic jamming in support of thousands of bombing strikes by Navy and Air Force aircraft. VMCJ-1 lost five EF-10Bs in the war; all 10 crew members were listed as “killed in action.” The aircraft was replaced with the EA-6A, RF-8, and RF-4 during the remainder of the war. The lion’s share of the electronic warfare missions, however, fell on the shoulders of the Douglas EB-66 Destroyer that the Air Force brought in during the last days of the EFs. It was very effective, and two squadrons carried the brunt of the jamming requirements.
Warren Thompson has researched and written on military aviation history for more than 40 years.
Oorah! A Century of Flying Leathernecks
“For nearly 100 years, Marine Aviation has demonstrated the adaptability, agility, and unique ethos that come with the title ‘Marine.’ Supporting our ground and logistics brothers and sisters, Marine Aviation has forged a lasting legacy of professionalism, innovation, and transformation. The centennial of Marine Aviation provides us a unique opportunity to reflect on this legacy of success as we turn our eyes to the future.”
~Gen. James F. Amos, USMC~
“Fly with the U.S. Marines,” by Howard Chandler Christy, 1920
Christy, a leading American artist and illustrator of the period, produced this Marine recruiting poster in the early 1920s. (Gift of Sgt. Maj. R.F. England)
On 22 May 1912, Marine 1st Lt. Alfred A. Cunningham reported for duty at the U.S. Navy’s aviation camp at Annapolis, Md. His arrival for flight instruction marks the official birthday of Marine Corps Aviation. In the 100 years that has followed, Marine Aviation has grown from a fledgling collection of frail aircraft into a powerful multimission force that is a key element to the success of the Marine air-ground task force structure.
Marine Aviation has but one primary role—supporting warfighters on the ground. This unbreakable bond between aviator and infantryman is unique. Marine Aviation has nurtured innovative technologies, learned to maximize their limited resources, and exhibited unparalleled determination in meeting the challenges of the past 100 years.
“Raid on Thielt,” by James Butcher, 1985
On 14 October 1918, eight Marine de Havilland DH-4 and DH-9A light bombers from the 1st Marine Aviation Force struck a railroad yard in Thielt, Belgium—the first all-Marine combat mission. This action also resulted in the first Medals of Honor awarded to Marine aviators. (Gift of British Aerospace Inc.)
Birth and Growth: 1912-1940
In the years leading up to America’s entry into World War I, the Marine Corps had experimented little with the airplane. By 1917, Cunningham and his fellow Marine aviators had created an “Aeronautic Company” of 10 officers and 40 men. When the Marine Corps commandant offered a brigade of Marines to fight in France, Cunningham pushed to have his aviators join the battle.
The growth of Marine Aviation during World War I was remarkable. The 1st Marine Aeronautic Company, stationed in the Azores, flew Curtiss float planes and flying boats to search for German submarines. The four squadrons of the 1st Marine Aviation Force, which had trained at the newly created Marine flying field near Miami, Fla., flew their de Havilland light bombers as part of the Navy’s Northern Bombing Force in France. By war’s end, Marine pilots had defeated German fighters, dropped supplies to surrounded Allied troops, and engaged in both day and night bombing missions. Marine Aviation had proved it could successfully fly and fight.
Marine Aviation struggled through the interwar years. Funding was limited, and two-thirds of all Marine squadrons existed only on paper. The small fleet of Marine aircraft was heavily committed domestically and overseas, as deployments to Haiti, Nicaragua, and China strained the force to the breaking point. Still, the Corps found new and innovative uses for attack and transport aircraft, while forging the foundations of the Marine air-ground team that remains in place today. Newer aircraft slowly replaced World War I aircraft. Through service in the field, record long-distance flights, aerial demonstrations, and air race victories, Marine aviators proved that, through their professionalism and “do-more-with-less” attitude, they could achieve great things.
“Marine Bomber over Emirau,” by Robert T. Horvath, 1987 A Marine North American PBJ-1D from VMB-611 overflies the island of Emirau in January 1944. The Corps operated eight squadrons of PBJs (a navalized B-25), some specially outfitted with radar to hunt Japanese ships at night. (Gift of the Artist)
A Force Forged by War: 1941-1945
As America’s entry into World War II loomed, Marine Corps Aviation rapidly expanded and modernized. Fledgling pilots flooded into newly created squadrons and modern aircraft designs replaced older types. This transformation was not yet complete when the Japanese struck Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, sending the Marines into war with what they had on hand. Defending a string of island outposts across the Pacific, Marine aviators did their best to blunt the Japanese advance. Capt. Henry T. Elrod and Marine Fighter Squadron (VMF) 211 became America’s first aerial heroes of the war for their valiant but hopeless effort to defend Wake Island. During the Battle of Midway in June 1942, Marine air crews threw themselves against better trained and equipped Japanese naval pilots. The sacrifices made by these Marine aviators helped set the stage for the stunning American victory at Midway that marked a turning point in the war.
A handful of Marine fighters and dive-bombers formed the core of the famous “Cactus Air Force,” which fought valiantly against superior numbers on Guadalcanal. Aces Joe Foss, Marion Carl, and Gregory “Pappy” Boyington earned fame for their exploits in the Pacific. Other Marine aviators, such as the brilliant tactician Keith McKutcheon, worked without fanfare to perfect the art of close air support—Marine Aviation’s most potent weapon. Slowly, they helped turn the tide against the Japanese.
In the Philippines, Marine aviators pounded the Japanese and secured the flank of the Army as it swept across the central islands. Marine squadrons operating from Navy carriers struck the Japanese mainland and provided crucial support during the brutal fights for Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Marines flew aircraft ranging from single-engine observation planes to four-engine strategic bombers and undertook thousands of logistical, reconnaissance, and liaison missions. Marine Aviation grew rapidly during World War II and proved its value on the battlefield.
As the 1950s progressed, the Marine Corps fielded newer and more capable jet fighters. In 1954, North American FJ-2 Furies from VMF-235 participated in the sea trials of the newly re-commissioned USS Hancock (CVA 19), the first American aircraft carrier to be fitted with steam-powered catapults.
New Challenges, New Capabilities: 1946-1961
Thanks to its great success in World War II, the Marine Corps seemed to have a secure future. The spread of atomic weapons, however, made large-scale amphibious landings such as those at Iwo Jima no longer possible against a nuclear-armed foe. In response, the Marines embraced a new technology, the helicopter, and created the doctrine of “vertical envelopment”—moving Marines ashore by air. The Korean War provided Marine Aviation the chance to highlight the potential of both its new doctrine and helicopters.
In Korea, the Marine air-ground team reached its full combat potential for the first time. Operating from austere air fields and small escort carriers, Marine fighters, helicopters, and transports provided round-the-clock support to Marines fighting to repel North Korean and Chinese forces. During the march to and from the Chosin Reservoir in the winter of 1950, Marine aviators served as a lifeline to thousands of Marines, soldiers, and civilians fighting their way through overwhelming numbers of Communist Chinese. At no point had the bond between Marine aviators and their fellow Leathernecks on the ground been stronger.
Marine Aviation underwent a great transformation between 1946 and 1962. The vertical envelopment doctrine led to the restructuring of the entire Marine Corps into a force that was lighter, more airmobile on the battlefield, and more dependent on air power. It discarded many fixed-wing aircraft in favor of helicopters, and beloved propeller-driven fighters such as the Corsair gave way to newer jet-powered aircraft.
VMCJ-1 conducted nearly continuous photo aerial reconnaissance and electronic warfare missions over Vietnam and Laos from 1964 through the evacuation of Saigon in the spring of 1975. This VMCJ-1 RF-4B is seen in a reinforced concrete revetment at Da Nang.
The Long War in Vietnam: 1962-1975
The Vietnam War proved the value of the Marines’ vertical envelopment doctrine and the helicopter. Marine aviators engaged in action over Vietnam from Operation Shufly in April 1962 through the evacuation of Saigon in April 1975. Because of the nature of this sustained conflict, Marine Aviation focused less on air superiority missions and more on the direct application of air power in support of Marines and allied ground forces. Places such as Da Nang, Chu Lai, Marble Mountain, and Khe Sanh became irrevocably linked to Marine Aviation.
By 1967, half of all Marine air units were supporting operations in Vietnam. During their 13-month tours, Marine helicopter pilots averaged more than 1,000 sorties and often flew more than 15 hours a day. The never-ending need for fresh helicopter pilots led to extended combat tours, quicker rotations back to Vietnam, and even the forced transition of fixed-wing pilots to helicopters. Marines had to find creative solutions to the ongoing maintenance and logistical challenges of sustained round-the-clock flight operations. Ordnance shortages led to using bombs left over from previous wars. Training units were stripped of every available aircraft to replace combat losses. Marine electronic warfare and all-weather attack aircraft supported Air Force and Navy operations over the heavily defended skies of North Vietnam, but the bulk of Marine Aviation’s contribution went to the fighting in South Vietnam. Marine fighters and attack aircraft flew thousands of close air support missions, sometimes delivering ordnance just yards from friendly troops.
Marine helicopters moved troops, supplies, and equipment across South Vietnam and, for a brief time, into Laos. Crews routinely flew during horrendous weather and into heavy enemy fire. The Marines developed innovative flight formations and deployed fixed-wing and helicopter gunships to suppress antiaircraft fire and cover transport helicopters into and out of landing zones. In the end, Marine helicopters lifted the last remaining American forces out of South Vietnam.
“Helo Relief,” by Col. Peter Gish, 1993
Marine CH-46Es bring desperately needed supplies to a Kurdish refugee camp on the Turkish border of Iraq during Operation Provide Comfort.
“No Better Friend, No Worse Enemy”: 1976-2012
Marine Aviation emerged from Vietnam to face a tumultuous period of budget cuts and technological change, while their missions became increasingly diverse. Whether rescuing American citizens and dependents, enforcing U.N. mandates, or providing emergency relief to disaster victims, Marine Aviation became a vital component of American foreign policy. Marines responded to numerous crises, both manmade and natural, in California, Haiti, Grenada, Beirut, Bosnia, Somalia, Liberia, Pakistan, and elsewhere.
In the summer of 1990, more than half of the Marine Corps deployed to the Persian Gulf as part of Operation Desert Shield. As coalition forces repelled the Iraqi army from Kuwait, Marine helicopters closely supported the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force’s drive to Kuwait City, while Marine attack aircraft struck Iraqi units behind the line of battle.
Since October 2001, Marine Aviation has supported operations against the Taliban and its allies in Afghanistan, where Marine units operate across large distances, often without mutual support and at the end of long and tenuous supply lines. The unique capability of Marine Aviation to provide aerial support day and night for extended periods, while operating from basic forward bases, has proven crucial.
In Iraq, as American-led forces removed Saddam Hussein from power, Marine Aviation covered the 1st Marine Division (Reinforced) as it advanced into Baghdad in the spring of 2003. It then found innovative ways to utilize aviation assets to face the challenges posed by the Iraqi insurgency. In both Afghanistan and Iraq, Marine Aviation’s ability to deliver humanitarian aid and enable local government officials to reach distant villages has been an effective weapon against terrorist forces.
For the past 100 years, whenever and wherever the Marine Corps has been ordered into action, Marine aviators and ground crews have stood ready to support their brother and sister Marines on the ground. As Marine Aviation marks its centennial, it faces the daunting challenge of supporting an ongoing war coupled with shrinking funding while continuing to meet routine training and operational needs. Longer and more frequent deployments are consuming aircraft at rates faster than planned, and placing great emotional strain on Marines and their families. But Marine Aviation’s proven ability to embrace new ideas, to find innovative uses for new technologies, and to adapt to new situations has assured its success through the long fight.
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CBRNe World News Briefs
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Create engaging and intelligent content experiences on your own.
According to the global CBRNE Defence Market Analysis and Forecast for 2020, the military segment is projected to grow at a fast pace e.g. the United Kingdom plans to equip their fleet with 10 nuclear and radiological detection vehicles. The Netherlands also plans to increase the operational lifespan of their 12 armoured vehicles for CBRNE reconnaissance. According to the latest weekly tally of a WHO’s report, most new cases of coronavirus worldwide (46%) are still reported in Euope despite the decline in cases that followed "the strengthening of public health and social measures" in the region. Indeed, although the number of new cases decreased, the tally of deaths rose "substantially" in Europe over the last week to reach more than 29,000 deaths. The sharpest rise in coronavirus cases was recorded in Austria, with a 30% increase in new cases in a week. WHO also noted that the United Kingdom was the first country in the region to record more than 50,000 deaths.
Armenia accuses Azerbaijan of using white phosphorus during the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh after several soldiers were admitted to the hospital in Yerevan with wounds that are typical of a chemical or phosphorus weapon. Furthermore, France calls for international supervision to implement a ceasefire in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, after a deal was signed earlier this month between Russia, Armenia and Azerbaijan without the participation of the Minsk Group.
According to the global CBRNE Defence Market Analysis and Forecast for 2020, North America is projected to see the highest growth at present the region is generating the highest revenue, witnessing an increase in the number of developments related to CBRNE defence. A UK-funded programme began demining Falkland Islands in 2009, and on 14 November 2020, The Falklands was finally declared landmine free, almost 40 years after the conflict. The United States has successfully intercepted and destroyed a mock intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) in its latest test of a sea-based missile defense system, on November 17. The United States recorded 1 million COVID-cases in a week on 19 November, the highest level ever reported.
Biopharmaceutical companiy Pfizer will ask the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 20 November to allow emergency use of its coronavirus vaccine. Making the company and its German partner, BioNTech, the first coronavirus vaccine developers to submit their shot for review by U.S. regulators. The FDA is expected to issue a decision within weeks. Moderna, another COVID-19 shot developer is also highly likely to seek FDA authorization.
Latin America accounts for 1 of every 3 COVID-19 related deaths, according to John Hopkins University’s tally.
Mexico has become the fourth country, behind The US, Brazil and India, to hit 100.000 COVID-19 deaths.
Taiwan’s ADIZ (Air Defense Identification Zone) is frequently intruded by the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA). According to the Minister of National Defense, Yen Teh-fa, a total of 276 PLA aircrafts have entered Taiwan’s southwest ADIZ since the beginning of the year. Taiwan’s Deputy Chief of Defense staff has also noted that there have been drone intrusions in Taiwan’s southwest ADIZ.
The Philippines is reportedly set to be the first buyer of India-Russia cruise missile. This move is suspected to unnerve Beijing, given the current border stand-off with New Delhi and other territorial disputes with its neighbors in the South China Sea.
The Thai cabinet has decided to extend the state of emergency until January 15. Meanwhile, India still holds the second-highest number of total cases worldwide, but its rate is decreasing. South Korea is seeing a slight rise in cases as the country is battling its 3rd wave. On 23 November, another daily rise of more than 200 new cases was reported, only a day after tightening social distancing rules. Whereas Japan reported 2159 new daily cases on 22 November, topping 2000 cases for a fifth day.
North Korea’s announcement of developing a COVID-19 vaccine has again focused attention on Pyongyang’s purported biological weapons program. Nevertheless, according to Stimson Center policy-paper, North Korea does not possess an advanced BW program as shown by official public records from US and South Korea.
On 8 November, an exploding landmine killed a North Korean officer and maimed another soldier, the latest of dozens of casualties caused by mines laid to deter citizens from illegally crossing the country’s border with China.
Saudi Arabia reserves the right to arm itself with nuclear weapons if Iran cannot be stopped from making one. Tehrain has been working on the use of nuclear power for decades. Additionally, several people wounded in a bomb-attack at a Remembrance Day ceremony attended by foreign diplomats in Saudi city of Jeddah, on 11 November. A Greek consulate employee and Saudi security officer were reported to have been hurt. On November 13, there was reportedly a “sea-launched missile” strike near the central prison in Idlib, Syria. The Israel Defense Forces uncovered and disarmed a number of explosive devices that had been planted inside Israeli-controlled territory in the southern Golan Heights, near the Syrian border, on 17 November. Four rockets struck inside a heavily fortified area in Baghdad housing foreign embassies including that of the United States, on 17 November, signalling an apparent end to a temporary halt in attacks by Iran-backed militias targeting Washington’s presence in the country. The Turkish government will impose weekend curfews, although partial, between 10 am and 8 pm. This comes as an effort to help curb the current surge in COVID-19 cases. However, health experts are advocating for a total lockdown, fearing that the situation will escalate and be worse than it was in the spring. WHO issues a warning of a deadly second-wave of of COVID across the Middle East. The concern was raised after many countries in the region have lowered their guard after complete-lockdowns imposed earlier in the year. Over 3,6 million people have been infected by the pandemic, the virus has killed over 76.000 people in nine-months. At least four policemen have been confirmed dead and 15 others, including 10 civilians, injured as a car bomb exploded next to a police base in Almar district of the northern Faryab province, on November 8, in Maimana, Afghanistan. On 9 November, a roadside mine blast wounded two civilians in Kabul. On November 13, a suicide car bomb blast at the western entry gate of Kabul killed three soldiers, wounding four others. The attack on the army checkpoint follows weeks of violence, including an attack by gunmen earlier this month, killing 22 people, mostly students of the Kabul University. The assault was claimed by the ISIL (ISIS) armed group.
Covid-19 has had a great impact on landmine-clearing efforts in Western Sahara. Rockets from Ethiopia’s northern Tigray region hit the capital of neighbouring Eritrea on Saturday, 14 November, the latest indication that Ethiopia’s internal conflict is spreading beyond its borders. The United States government announced an additional USD $3 million for humanitarian demining projects in Zimbabwe on 18 November. Nine trucks were petrol-bombed on N3 and R103, Gauteng, South-Africa, on 19 November. COVID cases in Africa surpassed 2 million, According to the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention on 20 November. Southern Africa is the worst hit in the region with 22.300 deaths and 85.100 cases. North Africa recorded 66.300, East Africa 249.200, West Africa 200.00, whilst Central Africa refgistered 63.500 cases.
News from Pfizer and BioNTech that they have had promising results from COVID-19 clinical trials of a vaccine is encouraging, which makes it possible that some doses will be available to New Zealand in the first part of 2021. Australia’s Victoria state, once hard-hit by the pandemic, has reported no COVID-19 cases in 3-weeks for the first time since February. As of 20 November, there are only two active cases remaining across the state.
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Crusaders CC goes one step closer to the title in the Edo State Cricket league 2019
MATCH 17 (WEEK 10)
CRUSADERS CC vs INVICTUS CC
Crusaders CC won the Toss and elected to bat scoring a total of 176 runs for the loss of 9 wickets in 25 overs.
In the second innings, Invictus CC could only manage a total of 108 runs all out in 17.2 overs
Aghedo Eghosa was named Man of the Match with a statistic of 32 runs off 26 balls and taking 5 wicket for 20 runs in 4.2 overs.
Crusaders CC won by 68 runs.
INTEGRITY FORCE CC vs NO-LIMIT CC
Integrity Force CC won the toss and elected to bat first scoring a total of 191 runs for the loss of 4 wickets in 25 overs.
Daniel Okposio and Peter Aho scored 76 and 51 runs respectively as the best bating contribution for the team.
In the second innings, No-Limit scored 160 runs for the loss of 6 wicket in 25 Overs
Akhere isesele and osaro Asia scored 74 and 32 runs respectively
Peter Aho won Man of the Match Award after scoring 51 runs off 35 balls and getting three (3) wicket for 14 runs in 5 overs.
Integrity Force CC won by 31 Runs
EDO STATE 2018/2019 LEAGUE POINTS TABLE (31/03/2019)
TEAMS MATCHES WON LOST TIED POINTS NRR
Crusader CC 6 6 0 0 24 2.772
Integrity Force CC 6 3 3 0 12 -0.140
No-Limit CC 7 3 4 0 12 -0.645
Invictus CC 5 0 5 0 0 -2.173
Cricket event successfully features in the Edo Boys High School, Benin City inter-house sports competition
Edo State makes history as the first indigenous Female League in Nigeria and West Africa is Launched
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Home News Developer leaves Naughty Dog and joins a study Microsoft
Developer leaves Naughty Dog and joins a study Microsoft
Sonam Singh
Naughty Dog is preparing to celebrate the launch of The Last of Us: Part II, which will debut in a little over 1 week. However, the industry of electronic entertainment is in constant motion, with the flow of creativity between different studies. Well, exactly a developer that worked on the next piece of the study Californian departed from him, heading to one of the internal studies of more prestige in the Microsoft.
Through a message on Twitter, developer Jordan Denton, who served as a designer of audio associated with Naughty Dog, announced that today, the 8th of June, was their first day in the studio also Californian Obsidian Entertainment, the most recent acquisition of an Xbox Game Studios.
“During a difficult period in the world, I can share a bit of good news. Today was my first official day as a designer of audio in Obsidian. I am very encouraged by being a part of the study and the audio equipment,” said Denton.
Denton could work in the RPG high-profile prepares Obsidian Entertainment
The former developer of Naughty Dog was part of the team that worked on The Last of Us: Part II during several months of the crucial part of the development, as it was in the ranks of the study of Santa Monica from September 2019 to may 2020 acerudo with your LinkedIn profile; that is to say, in the final stage of the project, when it happens much of the hard work, also taking into account that in this period was the double delay of game.
“It was amazing to be a part of this team [Naughty Dog]. We put our hearts in TLOU2 and we formed many memories as we did. I am very proud of what we did and grateful for all of these talented colleagues,” said Denton a month before.
This team was so incredible to be a part of. We put our hearts into TLOU2 and made so many great memories while doing it. I’m so proud of what we did and am very thankful for all of these talented folks. ❤️ https://t.co/n9UKrnTXQF
— Jordan Denton (@soundgremlin) May 5, 2020
Previously, Denton had worked in the office of designer of audio associated with it, while in his new position at Obsidian Entertainment, the developer will be a designer of audio. It is not known on what project you are working Denton, but it is very likely to be part of the team Groundedthe new game of the study, which will be very different to The Outer Worlds. Although there is also the possibility that as the team that is focused on an RPG high-profile.
During a difficult time in the world, I’m able to share a little bit of good news. Today was my first official day as an Audio Designer at @Obsidian. I’m so stoked to be a part of the studio and the audio team! ?
— Jordan Denton (@soundgremlin) June 9, 2020
What is it that you expect from Obsidian Entertainment? Do you think that the studio is working on a new title for Xbox Series X? Are you ready to play The Last of Us: Part II?
As we told you, we only know that Obsidian Entertainment, also located in California (Irvine), working on Grounded, but this could change very shortly, as Microsoft will announce titles of internal studies that will come to Xbox x Series. If you want to know more about Obsidian Entertainment, we invite you to check this page.
Follow up with us, LEVEL UP.
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Book release ofOlympia in Berlin
Book release of Olympia in Berlin
Today, Olympiastadion Berlin saw the book release of „Olympia in Berlin – Amateurfotografen sehen die Olympischen Spiele 1936.“ The official release, opened by author and historian Dr. Emanuel Hübner, publisher Alfred Büllesbach and the Olympic stadion’s CEO Timo Rohwedder was attended by various journalists.
When thinking about the Olympic Games in Berlin in 1936, numerous images spring to one’s mind; pictures often resembling each other, serving only one purpose: to promote the image of a new, strong and united Nazi Germany. Hübner’s new book offers a change of perspective. By including 250 unpublished photographs, it shows the games from an amateur photographer’s point of view, allowing the reader to see behind the curtain of the official Olympic Games.
Further information can be found on: http://www.olympia-in-berlin.de/
ISIC goesOlympiastadion Berlin
Attention students! ISIC card holders get a free multimedia guide with a value of 4,- EUR: Go on a journey through the history of the grounds in 75 or 100 minutes – with mobile devices from Samsung incl. headphones.
BVG goesOlympiastadion Berlin
To all Berlin visitors and stadium fans – check this out: From now on tickets for sightseeing and guided tours for the Olympiastadion Berlin can be bought at the Berlin Transport Authority (BVG) ticket counters and shops.
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Medals FAQs
Join the OMRS
OMRS News
OMRS Convention 2021 scheduled for London
The OMRS Convention is scheduled to return to London in 2021 after an absence of six years. However this will be subject to any COVID-19 restrictions still in place at the time. The plan is to hold it on the weekend of 25-26 September 2020 at the Holiday Inn in Bloomsbury, a venue familiar to many regular Society Convention-goers. The event was held there for several years before it moved first to Stratford-upon-Avon and then Nottingham. However preparation is also underway for an online event in case the pandemic prevents a physical Convention from taking place.
Dr Robin Thomas, President of the OMRS, said: “After several years of holding our Convention outside London, we are excited to announce that the 2021 event should return to the capital. The decision to move to other parts of the country worked well, and we will continue to do this subject to finding suitable venues. However, it is now time to return to London. We are all hoping for a return to normal times next year and that vaccines will mean that we can resume our normal activities. None of us can predict what the situation will be in ten months' time, so in the event that a physical Convention is not possible, we will be organizing an online event in parallel. A decision will then be taken nearer the time on which one to hold, so that all can enjoy the Convention, hopefully in person, but otherwise online.”
Copyright © 2017 The Orders and Medals Research Society – Privacy Policy
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Check your lottery tickets, big winners in Toronto and Nipissing-Parry Sound
Published Wednesday, December 2, 2020 7:51AM EST Last Updated Wednesday, December 2, 2020 8:22AM EST
The winning Lotto Max ticket for the $70-million draw was purchased in Brampton, Ont. (Chris Kitching/CP24)
SUDBURY -- Someone's holidays just got a lot merrier.
The Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation says the winning ticket for Tuesday's $60 million Lotto Max draw was sold in Toronto and the second place winner was sold in the Nipissing-Parry Sound Districts.
While first place wins $60 million, the second prize-winning ticket is worth $521,721.80.
Two tickets with the Encore add-on have won $100,000 and one was sold in Pickering, while the other was sold in Toronto.
The winning Lotto Max numbers for Dec. 1 are: 1, 4, 9, 15, 18, 24, 31 with the bonus of 43 and the Encore is 8445323.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, winners of prizes over $50,000 are asked to call 1-800-387-0098 to discuss available options to claim their prize. In-person prize claims at the OLG Prize Centre in Toronto are by appointment only.
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“She Loves You” — The Beatles
I’ve often thought Ringo Starr could be the most underappreciated musician in history of music. His runs, fills and occasionally idiosyncratic drumming style was, in many ways, The Beatles’ secret weapon.
Of course the Lennon-McCartney songwriting powerhouse took most of the glory from the Beatles — not unreasonably for a pairing many people refer to as the greatest songwriting team of the 20th Century.
And lovely, quiet, talented, sensitive George Harrison was a phenomenal guitar player and the composer of beautiful songs in his own right (“Something” being a strong contender for the most beautiful song ever written, in my view).
Ringo was the joker who took warring factions down the pub for a beer to calm things down when artistic sensitivities got out of hand. But his secret power was that he didn’t especially crave the limelight so everyone knew he had no skin in the game and trusted his advice. He was just trying to do what was best for the band.
It was the same with his drumming.
Songs like “She Loves You” exploded onto the scene with Ringo’s drums setting the tone for what was to follow…although inexplicably some versions of the song cut out Ringo’s opening drum break and just leap in — somewhat jarringly, I always think — when the vocal starts.
The unimaginably creative drums on “Ticket To Ride” which were about as far away from the conventional four beats to the bar as it’s possible to be…but to this day Ringo’s drums are the distinctive hallmark of that iconic Beatles track.
The restrained, to the point of near-invisibility, drumming interspersed with bursts of seemingly free-form intervention that Ringo lays down on “A Day In The Life” is nothing short of inspired.
If you’ve never done it before, pick up your favourite Beatles track and listen to it again, concentrating purely on the drum part. You’ll be astounded by some of the performances that pass most casual listeners by.
Part of the problem was that Ringo was always there to serve the song, not his own ego. Something of a clown away from the stage and the recording studio, he was all business when it mattered. There’s nothing clown-like about the talent he demonstrated on record after record for the biggest-selling band on the planet.
One of his earliest outings, at least as far as the bulk of the record-buying public was concerned, was on “She Loves You”.
This was by no means the Beatles first record…and it wasn’t even their first big hit… “From Me To You” and “I Wanna Hold Your Hand”, amongst others, had been committed to vinyl before “She Loves You” came along.
But there’s always been something about “She Love You” that encapsulates for me the essence of the Beatles in the early to mid-1960s.
Of course it’s a great song. Lennon and McCartney were well into their groove by now and this is without doubt a classic. It’s also an interesting development as a piece of story-telling from a couple of very young, if hugely talented, songwriters.
Pop songs before “She Loves You” were usually told from the perspective of the singer — “I love you” was, and still is, a common foundation for many a pop song.
But “She Loves You”. That’s not me moaning about someone who doesn’t love me back to my mates down the pub. That’s me telling you a story. That’s me trying to help you out. That’s me trying to give you a few pointers to help you be happy again.
“She Loves You” isn’t a song about me, it’s a song about you. You’re not telling the story someone else is.
That deceptively simple switch in perspective adds a depth to “She Loves You” which “I Love You”, even sung to the same tune, would never have achieved.
The refrain of “She loves you, yeah, yeah, yeah” is one of the most instantly-recognisable lines in popular music, but there’s a lot more to this song than than a sing-along refrain…
You think you lost your love
Well I saw her yesterday
It’s you she’s thinking of
And she told me what to say
She says she loves you
And you know that can’t be bad
And you know you should be glad
Paul McCartney would write many other phenomenal storytelling songs for the Beatles…his skills would develop further for hits like “Penny Lane” and “Yesterday” later in the decade. But “She Loves You”, despite being a much simpler song lyrically, is no less a work of genius.
A bit like Ringo’s drumming, the genius of “She Loves You” hides in plain sight. We all know about it, but it doesn’t often attract our attention to the extent it merits.
There’s a great video of the Beatles performing “She Loves You” live in concert…which to my great annoyance misses out Ringo’s distinctive drum break at the start of the song…but have a look here anyway… https://youtu.be/x7prHYwxWPY
I think this might explain why Ringo is so underappreciated. If you watch him from the chest up, you wouldn’t imagine he’s doing much. Hidden from the audience behind his drum kit, his lightening-fast hands, which do all the heavy lifting that propels “She Loves You” along, are pretty much invisible.
But if you concentrate on his hands, especially in the shot taken from behind the drum kit, you’ll see just how hard he’s working, and you can start to appreciate that “She Loves You” wouldn’t be half as good a song without Ringo working away, unheralded, in the background.
That’s something Ringo Starr does over and over again on Beatles songs. He does so much to make the Beatles one of the greatest bands in history, but you’d hardly know he was there unless you concentrate on what he’s doing every time those sticks hit.
So let’s take a moment to give the great Ringo Starr the appreciation he deserves…an insightful drummer who played a massive, if frequently underappreciated, part in defining the sound of the 1960s through the medium of one of the greatest bands there’s ever been.
“She Loves You” was, according to the Official Charts Company, the best selling single in the UK of the entire 1960s…which is quite an achievement, even for a band as prolific as the Beatles.
“She Loves You” was also one of five Beatles songs which set a US chart record by occupying all five of the top five slots on the Billboard chart in April 1964, when the “British invasion” was running at full throttle.
“She Loves You” broke the pop music mould of the early 1960s by telling a simple story really well from the perspective of a third party, rather than relaying a personal experience.
But more than all those well-deserved accolades, “She Loves You” defined the sound of the Beatles through the talents of one of the greatest drummers of all-time…fittingly, the very first sound you hear on the track is Ringo pounding those tom-toms.
That’s as it should be. He lead the Beatles’ performances, without ever dominating them. That’s a rare talent in any band. It’s even rarer in one of the biggest bands the world has ever known.
So for the person he was, and the talent he had, let’s just take a moment to enjoy Ringo Starr leading the way from the very first notes, and keeping the song hurtling along at full throttle all the way through to the final crash of the cymbals at the end. It’s the Beatles with “She Loves You”…
The video is below or, if you prefer, you can enjoy the song on Spotify here… https://open.spotify.com/track/0qsS2A3hwicJCLtcaR6JRQ
PS — just before we get to the video, if you enjoyed this article, please give it a “clap”…or even more than one if you’re feeling kind. You can also follow me on Medium (here) or Twitter (here) to get new articles as soon as they’re published.
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Letter: Time to punish virus-spreading, church-crushing China
Chad Groening, Billy Davis (OneNewsNow.com)
Several conservative groups have joined together to urge President Donald Trump to hold the Chinese Communist Party responsible for unleashing the coronavirus pandemic on the United States, then lying and profiting from its own sinister actions that have harmed tens of millions around the world.
Not only are China’s communist leaders responsible for the current pandemic, the letter states, but they represent a threat to the United States itself.
“China is the most significant threat facing America today,” the letter states, “and the American people across party lines believe that China should be treated as the pariah state that it is.”
Those who signed their names represent Americans for Limited Government; National Center for Public Policy; American Family Association; Eagle Forum; and Competitive Enterprise Institute, among others.
AFA spokesman Walker Wildmon says there is widespread consensus that the coronavirus originated from a lab in Wuhan, China.
“Now whether the virus got out of the lab accidentally, or whether the Chinese government intentionally released it to cause a pandemic, that's to be determined,” he tells OneNewsNow.
Sandy Rios, a radio show host who is also director of governmental affairs at AFA, signed the letter on behalf of the Mississippi-based ministry.
In addition to pointing out concerns about the Wuhan lab, the letter points out that China arrested one of its own doctors, Dr. Li Wenliang, for attempting to warn the world about the spreading virus. China also cut off travel from the Hubei province, the epicenter of the virus, but let its people carry the virus out of the country and spread it around the world, the letter also states.
The letter doesn’t stop with those accusations, either, pointing out that China “hoarded” personal protective equipment as the virus spread worldwide, leaving other nations unprepared to protect their medical workers. When tests manufactured in China were sold to those nations, the tests were found to be no good and only worsened the situation.
China’s barbarous human rights record, its theft of intellectual property, and its manufacture of deadly fentanyl that reaches U.S. shores are also mentioned in the no-holds-barred letter to the President.
China, meanwhile, is the world’s second-largest economy behind the United States. It is also America’s third-largest trading partner after Canada and Mexico, but China is ranked first in terms of trade deficit, which reached $365 billion in 2019.
The coronavirus pandemic has only reminded critics about China’s multi-billion dollar influence in Hollywood studios, on Wall Street and Capitol Hill, and in the board rooms of major retailers and corporations that rely on slave labor in China to product cheap products to stock shelves in the United States.
Wildmon
Elsewhere in the letter, President Trump is urged to take immediate action to reduce U.S. dependence on Chinese manufacturing of medical products, to investigate the extent of China's role in spreading the virus, and to stop federal funding for universities with the CCP-funded Confucius Institutes.
“These institutes,” the letter warns, “give the Chinese Communist Party an outpost on campuses to recruit spies, steal intellectual property, and monitor Chinese students studying on campus.”
Responding to the virus outbreak, President Trump has given mixed signals. He repeatedly praised China's efforts early on but has referred to COVID-19 as the "Chinese virus" to remind the public where it originated and who is ultimately to blame for it spreading around the globe.
On the issue of China and trade, Trump has said China is watching out for its own interests while he is pursuing his "America First" policy over trade.
Regarding trade with China, Wildmon says President Trump should impose such heavy tariffs on Chinese-made goods that they will be too costly and Americans will stop buying them.
Editor's Note: The American Family Association is the parent organization of the American Family News Network, which operates OneNewsNow.com.
We moderate all reader comments, usually within 24 hours of posting (longer on weekends). Please limit your comment to 300 words or less and ensure it addresses the article - NOT another reader's comments. Comments that contain a link (URL), an inordinate number of words in ALL CAPS, rude remarks directed at other readers, or profanity/vulgarity will not be approved. More details
Californians beware 'really bad bills'
When California lawmakers return to Sacramento, they have some heavy-duty decisions ahead of them regarding parental rights.
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All InterviewsBehind the ScenesStage Spotlight
Q & A: Carrie-Ann Matheson on Salzburg Festival, Europe & Her New Position at the Merola Opera Program
In August, the Merola Opera Program named Carrie-Ann Matheson the new Artistic Director succeeding Sheri Greenawald. Her new position will provide artistic and musical leadership for all Opera Center artists and projects, including acting as the primary musical coach for its young artists, overseeing their development, collaborating on recitals, and conducting performances. Matheson began her career at the Metropolitan Opera, {…}
Q & A: John Osborn on ‘I Puritani,’ Hopes & Fears In COVID-19 World
(Credit: Matilde Fasso) ***Note – this interview was conducted many weeks prior to the recent regulations imposed throughout Spain that have effectively forced many theaters, including the Ópera de Oviedo, to alter their schedules. Over the course of his 27-year career, American Tenor John Osborn has been distinguished as one of the top bel canto tenors in the world. With {…}
Q & A: Elīna Garanča on the Challenges COVID-19 Presents for the Opera World Faces
(Photo: Holger Hage for Deutsche Grammophon) Before answering each question, Elīna Garanča sighed heavily. “It’s difficult,” she said. I was angry at myself — some simple questions would probably improve the situation. And yet, we get what we get: one short call to discuss these tough times with a famous mezzo-soprano. And it was a difficult talk, indeed. It seems {…}
Q & A: Alžběta Poláčková On The Brno Janacek Festival, ‘Osud’ & Establishing A Successful Career In The Czech Republic
The Brno Janacek Festival 2020 kicked off with a performance of one of Janacek’s lesser known works, his semi-autobiographical opera “Osud,” with the Czech soprano Alžběta Poláčková in the lead female role of Mila. It would be a fair description to refer to Poláčková as one of the stars of the Czech National Opera, and no surprise that it was {…}
Restoring a Classic – How Opera Ritrovata Created a Critical Edition for Joseph Bologne’s ‘L’Amant Anonyme’
Back in the 18th century, Joseph Bologne, Chevalier de Saint-Georges was one of the great figures of his day. He was a notable composer, violinst, and famed swordsman, with even Mozart having had great admiration for his talents. But a racist history would conspire to ultimately send him and his work into relative obscurity to the point that today, only {…}
Q & A: Leo Nucci on COVID-19, His Return to the Stage & the Teatro alla Scala
Leo Nucci is one of the most famous baritones in the world. During his career, he has performed dozens of roles, but the one for which he is certainly most famous is that of Rigoletto. He has performed his signature role more than 500 times all over the world including Teatro alla Scala, Arena di Verona, Opernhaus Zurich, Teatro Regio {…}
Q & A: Francesca Sassu & Raffaella Lupinacci on Getting COVID-19, ‘Anna Bolena,’ & Returning to the Stage
Francesca Sassu and Raffaella Lupinacci’s long-awaited debuts at the Lithuanian Opera in “Anna Bolena” proved quite a unique experience for both artists. Namely due to COVID-19. The Italian singers were set to perform the work for the first time in August until they tested positive for the virus. As a result, the company postponed the opening of the production while {…}
Q & A: Soprano Ana María Martínez on Singing Mimì in San Diego Opera’s Drive-In ‘Bohème’
Opera fans in San Diego have a real treat in store. Ana María Martínez, one of opera’s foremost interpreters of Mimì, the beloved heroine of Puccini/Illica’s “La Bohème,” has come to town to wow audiences at the Pechanga Arena Parking Lot from October 24 – November 1. The Grammy Award® winning soprano has sung Mimì for nearly 25 years to {…}
Q & A: Baritone Kenneth Overton on Returning to Live Performance & Spotlighting the Lives of the Black Opera Greats
Baritone Kenneth Overton recently performed for the first time in front of a live audience at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. The performance, entitled “To America,” celebrated the poetry of the civil rights activist, James Weldon Johnson, an early leader of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and who is buried at Green-Wood. “To America” {…}
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European Commission clearance of merger
14.03.2006 European Commission clearance of merger The European Commission has today cleared the merger of the energy companies DONG, Energi E2, Elsam, Nesa, Frederiksberg Forsyning and Copenhagen Energy (electricity activities). The European Commission initially voiced concerns about the merger of both electricity activities and gas activities. Following almost one year of thorough analysis of the Danish energy sector, during which the Commission has asked approx. 1,000 questions and received 380 ring binders of documentation relating to the six companies, the Commission has concluded that competition in the electricity market has been safeguarded by virtue of DONG's agreement with the Swedish energy group Vattenfall. • On 1 June 2005 DONG entered into an agreement on sale of power station and wind power activities to Vattenfall, equivalent to approx. 2,400 MW, including Nordjyllandsværket, Amagerværket and Fynsværket. In return, Vattenfall will transfer its approx. 35% stake in Elsam and its 40% interest in Avedøre 2 to DONG. However, the Commission still has some concerns as far as the gas market is concerned. In order to address these concerns, DONG has offered the following commitments promoting competition, which have been accepted by the Commission: • A gas release programme under which DONG will auction 400 million m3 gas annually over the next six years, equivalent to 10% of Denmark's total annual consumption. This will ensure a liquid gas market in Denmark, regardless of whether Elsam and Energi E2 are removed from the market as potential wholesalers. • Disposal of DONG' gas storage facility in Lille Torup in Jutland, which accounts for just over half of DONG's storage capacity. The gas storage facility must be sold at market price. DONG will retain the gas storage facility in Stenlille. This will ensure two independent storage suppliers in Denmark. The commitments referred to above are not expected to have any material impact on the previously announced outlook for 2006. The commitments may have an adverse financial impact on the financial results for the subsequent years, depending on the outcome of the auctions. "We are pleased that with the European Commission's clearance we will now be able to begin building up the new Danish energy company. It has been a fair, but also very extensive and time-consuming review, as a result of which we have had to dispose of substantial assets. On the other hand, the thorough review has created a solid foundation for the establishment of the new company, and we look forward to now being able to carry the merger into effect," says CEO Anders Eldrup. For further comments, contact: Louise Münter, Head of Media Relations, telephone +45 6155 8771 Michael Steen-Knudsen, Head of Investor Relations, telephone +45 4517 1556
Attachments: 060314_EuropeanCommissionclearanceofmerger_UK.pdf
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Top 10 Places to Visit in Europe
Europe has been a favorite travel destination especially of U.S. travelers. That is for a multitude of reasons and in a multitude of ways. This region is just packed with diverse cultures, languages, landscapes, food, and history. No matter how often the region is visited, people just can’t get enough of the historical significance, modern culture, and urban innovation of iconic destinations such as Paris, London, Rome and Barcelona. Of course, people like to explore the huge cities but they have also begun to embrace less-visited and smaller cities that might not have the star power of those biggies. Nevertheless, these small cities offer outstanding experiences for travelers.
When choosing a place to travel to, a lot of things has to be considered, such as sights and landmarks, culture, cuisine, friendliness, shopping, and overall value. That is to have the best travel experience on one of the best regions in the world. Countries in Europe sure are full of vibrant cities known for their museums, restaurants, nightlife and also architecture like that of England, France, Italy and Germany. It’s really not a surprise to have difficulties in choosing which spots are the best places to visit in Europe. There are more 40 countries to choose from in Europe. This is a roundup of the top 10 places to visit in Europe.
1 Paris, France
2 Florence, Italy
3 Santorini, Greece
4 Amsterdam, Netherlands
5 London, England
6 Barcelona, Spain
7 Rome, Italy
8 Prague, Czech Republic
9 Istanbul, Turkey
10 Copenhagen, Denmark
Capital of France. Well known for the incredibly beautiful city of Paris, France also has other great destinations such as the French Riviera, Alps, and wine regions such as Alsace, Burgundy, Champagne, and Bordeaux. The city has a staggering amount of art held in gigantic and beautiful museums with arguably the best restaurants the world has to offer. Pont du Gard, Nimes, Arles, and Glanum are just three of the numerous ancient Roman sites you can find in France.
You can also find the largest museum in the world which is the Louvre in Paris. Starting with iconic sites like the Louvre and the Père Lachaise Cemetery, there’s really so much to see and explore. Now, Notre Dame has partially reopened after a devastating fire in 2019. Also, there we can find a thriving international cuisine from North Africa and beyond. The enduring countercultural spirit remains.
Paris, France has it all. That is probably why it’s a must-see in Europe. Every corner is just as magnificent, for food, history, culture and beauty is everywhere. The city is filled with highly regarded museums, monuments and even churches. Spending you whole vacation to such a wonderful place with admirable iconic sights like the Eiffel Tower is just perfect.
On top of that, you can wander through exhibits at the Louvre. Not to mention, you can enjoy strolling through the beautiful green space admiring flowers at Luxembourg Gardens. The view of the setting sun in France is just so amazing, you’d want to just sit down for a decadent French meal with amazing wine.
Even though there are so many places to go in Italy, Florence is just so special you really can’t afford to miss it. You can have the obvious perks such as art and history, but of course, you can also get to enjoy doing food tours and cooking classes. To explore the treasures of Tuscany, you might really want to go to Florence for it makes a great base for Tuscany. For an authentic taste of Italy, travelling to Florence is the thing to do. The city boasts top-notch museums, ,stunning architecture and such mouthwatering cuisine. It is definitely a must-do to admire Michelangelo’s David at the Galleria dell’Accademia and also to take in city and river views from the Ponte Vecchio. Let’s not also forget to climb to the top of the Duomo when we get to Florence. Duomo is Florence’s most recognizable attraction. Of course, when traveling, you can’t just do anything but succumb when hunger strikes. You must head to the Mercato Centrale Firenze to stock up on fresh meats and cheeses or you could also sit down for pizza or gelato at an outdoor eatery in the city.
It’s nearly impossible to unravel in just one trip. Just by walking around, you can easily see some of Florence’s charms. Some of these charms are the UNESCO World Heritage designated historic center, the Medici palaces, the Medici palaces and also the bridges arching over the Arno. You can also get to see the legacies of Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Dante. And not just that, you can also feast your eyes by looking at some of the most famous pieces of art in the world which includes Michelangelo’s David, Botticelli’s Primavera, and Artemisia Gentileschi’s Judith Beheading Holofernes. There are so many little details that make this city a favorite, aside from the obvious attractions. The city is also praised for its romantic atmosphere, hidden gardens, walkable streets and lamp-lit piazzas. The city also has excellent public transportation. For the shopping lovers, you definitely don’t want to miss shopping at Florence.
Photo by handluggageonly.co.uk
Santorini is one of the single best holiday destinations in Europe. The caldera views are so incredible, you won’t get enough of it. The island is one of the best for its sunsets, local wines, and black volcanic beaches. You can also get to enjoy the boat tours and the most luxurious hotels along the Mediterranean. You do not want to miss Santorini. This Greek island is famous for its abundance of diverse beaches. In the island you will find red sands at Red Beach. Aside from red sands, you will also find black sands at Kamari Beach. Manage your schedule, and save a day to travel to archaeological attractions. These attractions include the Ancient Thira where you’ll discover ruins and abandoned settlements from the ninth century B.C. and the Ancient Akrotiri where you’ll discover ruins and abandoned settlements from the 17th century B.C. You’ll encounter the whitewashed buildings Santorini is also famous for and also the stunning views of the electric blue sea no matter where you go. Exquisitely swanky hotels are also what Santorini, Greece is known for.
The country, Greece, is situated at the crossroads of Europe, Africa, and Asia. It is located in Southeast Europe. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean, so, there are plenty of beach resort destinations to enjoy. It also has 227 inhabited islands. Furthermore, the ancient Greek monuments, delicious food, and budget friendly tourist packages make this country an ideal destination.
Photo by timeout.com
Once you get to travel to this place, you’d really make Amsterdam as one of your absolute favorite cities in Europe. The city is pedestrian and bike friendly; it’s a wonderful city center. Good restaurants, great museums, leafy parks and fun cafes load the city. Amsterdam is the European city you’ll really want to live in after your first day. Amsterdam has the notorious coffee shops and Red Light District. You can spend the day biking and enjoying the city’s stylish streets. That, and then, you can start exploring noteworthy museums like the Van Gogh Museum and the Anne Frank House. You might also want to plan a picnic in Vondelpark. Or, you can opt for a boat tour along the city’s many canals when it’s time to rest your feet. Travelers keep coming back because of the friendly locals and affordable hotels, especially during the warmer months.
Some of the Netherlands most distinct features are the tulip fields, windmills, canals, and the flat landscapes. The city of Amsterdam has many structures from the 17th century. This makes walking around the city like a trip back in time. The famous Keukenhof tulip festival is also a must-experience for the springtime visitors. On the other hand, the several beach towns located on the North Sea are the must-experience for those traveling in summer.
Photo by jugendherberge.de
The capital and largest city of England, London, is considered to be one of the world’s most important global cities. The city has also been called the world’s most powerful, most desirable, most influential, and most-popular-for-work city. Aside from that, it is also the most visited, most expensive, sustainable, and the most investment-friendly city. Arts, commerce, education, entertainment, and fashion are just some of which London exerts a considerable impact upon on. The city bursts with world-class sights and museums.
Be sure to seek out local London and get away from the most popular attractions. Your London bucket list experience should include seeing a musical in the West End, exploring the world-class British Museum, and touring the Tower of London. You can also add to your bucket list is gorging on fish and chips or a Sunday roast at a local pub. But you might want to increase your budget when traveling to London because its high hotel prices can make budget travelers cringe. Just a tip, so you can save money: you must book your accommodations far in advance or even consider a vacation rental.
London boasts four World Heritage Sites. These are the Tower of London, the Kew Gardens, the Westminster Abbey and St Margaret’s Church, an the historic settlement in Greenwich where the Royal Observatory, Greenwich defines the Prime Meridian and the Greenwich Mean Time. You can also explore London’s landmarks, like the Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Trafalgar Square, St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Piccadilly Circus. The city numerous museums, galleries, libraries and sporting events. These sporting events include the British Museum, Natural History Museum, the National Gallery, Tate Modern, West End theatres and the British Library. The oldest underground railway network in the world, is the London Underground.
Photo by 10best.com
Barcelona, Spain is known for having the large number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, it ranks third in the world. The diverse landscapes of Spain vary from snow-capped mountains, deserts, to lush meadows, along with coasts on both the Atlantic and Mediterranean. You can find some of the most beautiful beaches in the world in the country, Spain. Spain has islands in the Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean such as Mallorca and Canary Islands.
People consider Barcelona as their favorite city in Spain. Packed with great food, lively nightlife, art, architecture, and eye-popping sightseeing, it is a great holiday destination for families too. Barcelona’s diverse architecture sets the city apart from other European destinations. The Gaudí’s Park Güell and the La Sagrada Família are just as impressive as the Catedral de Barcelona which is also known as La Seu, and the Montjuïc Castle. In the Gothic Quarter, there you can find many medieval buildings. The city’s architecture is indeed stunning. If you want to take a break from exploring its architecture, you can also relax on La Barceloneta beach. Still, Barcelona remains a must-see destination for travelers around the world. Travelers can go for exciting Catalan food and the alluring Gaudí architecture.
Photo by worldstrides.com
Rome, Italy is packed with some of Europe’s top attractions. These attractions include the Colosseum, Trevi Fountain, Roman Forum, Pantheon, Spanish Steps, Sistine Chapel, and Vatican. Anything less than 5 days in Rome is considered cheating. That’s just not enough. You definitely can’t miss Rome in your European trip. Historical sites stand proudly at every turn. Your travel to Rome wouldn’t be complete without checking out the Colosseum, St. Peter’s Basilica, the Sistine Chapel and the awe-inspiring Trevi Fountain. Don’t forget to venture beyond the main sights to the Roman Forum, Trastevere and the Spanish Steps, if you have additional time.
It’s called the Eternal City for a reason. Rome has been attracting leisure tourists and foreign dignitaries. Italy’s capital city is a living, breathing city with plenty of appeal for those seeking a more modern form of fun although most of the main attractions are centuries old. Italy is indeed full of ancient wonders. The delicious food is just irresistible, the coastal villages are just amazing, and the beautiful hilltop towns are just mesmerizing.
Photo by anadventurousworld.com
Once you visit Prague, the odds are high that it will be one of your favorites. There are loads to see and to do in Prague. Prague’s beer is one of the best beers you’ll ever taste. You will as if step into a fairy tale once you decide to have Prague as your next vacation destination. In the city, you can take in the vibrant atmosphere and the Gothic architecture of Old Town Square. Also, be sure to tour the Prague Castle. The other attractions on the castle’s grounds include the St. Vitus Cathedral and the Royal Palace.
The capital and the largest city of Czech Republic’s affordability compared to the other equally captivating destinations in Europe makes it a great and probably the best place for travelers on a budget. The city has been a cultural and intellectual hub in Central Europe for centuries and possibly till now. Most of the travelers are attracted to its appealing mix of traditional and modern. The city offers a fascinating tour of a medieval fortress followed by a cutting-edge tasting menu. Prague’s food and nightlife are to be praised. The city offers incredible value.
Photo by agoda.com
Istanbul is proud for its incredible Turkish cuisine and monumental historical sights. You can also be left in awe of its markets, street culture and neighborhoods. Istanbul is Turkey’s most populous city. It offers a literal bridge between the regions we call Europe and Asia. There are exciting modern developments that will add to the draw for travelers aside from the kebabs, raki, Byzantine churches, and Ottoman mosques. Among the exciting modern developments is the new Six Senses Kocataş Mansions. This is a 45-room so-called urban resort inside the manor of a 19th-century Ottoman vizier. Another one of these exciting modern developments is the mile-long Galataport. This modern development is a redesigned waterfront space that will include a park, mixed-use buildings, and also a new cruise port. Skyscrapers is an ancient city that boasts modern advances. It stands next to historical monuments in Istanbul. The city’s Grand Bazaar during the day is filled with shopaholics. On the other hand, the local nightclubs are filled with the partygoers. The variety of dining options around every corner will most likely loved by any foodies out there.
Photo by azamara.com
Denmark’s capital and most populous city is Copenhagen. Copenhagen is home to the University of Copenhagen which was founded in 1479. University of Copenhagen is the oldest university in Denmark. Copenhagen is also home to the FC Kobenhavn and Brondby football clubs. Established in 1980, is the annual Copenhagen Marathon. Copenhagen is also one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world.
Copenhagen is full of everything. In the city you can find the top-notch museums which features art and history. Also, the city has palaces for visitors to explore. The Christiansborg Palace, Tivoli Gardens amusement park and the central Nyhavn neighborhood are some of the must-visit spots in Copenhagen. Copenhagen is certainly eye-catching. Its bold, colorful buildings overlooking the river are just proof. Renting a bike or taking a walking or Segway tour are just two of the few excellent ways to see Copenhagen. Copenhagen also serves as the cultural hub of Denmark and wider Scandinavia, apart from being the national capital. This is a definite result of huge investments in infrastructure and culture. This is also a result of the hard work of the successful new Danish architects, designers and chefs. The largest fashion event in Northern Europe which is the Copenhagen Fashion Week takes place every year in February and August.
Top 10 Places to Visit in Asia
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Families, VP Pence Remember Flight 93 Passengers, Crew On 18th Anniversary Of 9/11 Attacks
Filed Under:Flight 93, Sept. 11 2001, September 11, Shanksville, Somerset County, Stoney Creek Township, Terrorism, Terrorist Attack, Vice President Mike Pence
STONYCREEK TOWNSHIP, Pa. (KDKA/AP) — The commemoration of the 18th anniversary of the Sept. 11 terror attacks was held Wednesday morning in New York City, Washington DC and in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania.
The families of the passengers and crew members of United Airlines Flight 93 gathered again near Shanksville to remember their loved ones.
WATCH: Flight 93 Memorial —
Vice President Mike Pence was among the dignitaries invited to speak at the Flight 93 National Memorial.
The Secretary of the US Department of the Interior David Bernhardt also spoke, as did family members of the victims and a historian who covered the event eighteen years ago.
“It is deeply humbling as Vice President of the United States to stand before you today at the Flight 93 National Memorial,” said Vice President Pence.
The names of all the passengers were read as bells tolled for each one, and a wreath-laying ceremony was also held at the memorial wall carrying the names of the victims.
It was the first time for the gathering was held since the completion of the Flight 93 Memorial, a fact not lost on Gordy Fell, the President of the Families of Flight 93.
“School groups, veterans, tourists, history buffs and concerned citizens of the world continue to be drawn to the sacred ground, and for good reason,” Fell said.
The memorial marks the spot where the plane crashed in a rural area at 10:03 a.m. The San Francisco-bound plane had been diverted by the attackers toward Washington, D.C., when the passengers historically and heroically fought back.
“By their actions, their statements, and ultimately, their shared sacrifice, the 40 passengers and crew members of United Flight 93 should be celebrated and emulated for representing the greatest of all American values,” said Boston University Professor Mitchell Zuckoff, the keynote speaker Wednesday.
Zuckoff said, through their sacrifice, the brave people on Flight 93 offered Americans some hope.
“In their determination to save themselves, they saved countless others in the U.S. Capitol or the White House and they gave us the first glimmer of hope at a terrible moment,” he said.
One of the people they may have saved that morning was Vice President Pence — who was in DC as a member of the House of Representatives.
“I will always believe that I many others in our nation’s capital were able to go home that day and hug our families because of the courage and selflessness of your families, the heroes of Flight 93,” Pence said.
Bernhardt made a poignant observation and hopes America heard him loud and clear. Not only is it critical to “Never Forget” what happened on 9/11, but we need to be sure that all of the United States never forgets.
“This year, young Americans who were born after the attacks have enrolled in college where they will join many peers who have no direct memory of what transpired,” Bernhardt said.
The terrorists also flew two planes into the World Trade Center skyscrapers in New York and a fourth into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia.
In New York City, at Ground Zero there was a moment of silence and tolling bells.
Victims’ relatives and dignitaries gathered on the memorial plaza at the World Trade Center as the ceremony started at 8:46 a.m. Wednesday. That is the time when a hijacked plane slammed into the World Trade Center’s north tower on Sept. 11, 2001.
Then victims’ loved ones read the names of the nearly 3,000 people killed in the attack.
Pence has been to Shanksville many times — including 2017 for the 9/11 ceremony. Today, he stressed how that part of Somerset County has been transformed.
“Here, where a common field one day became a field of honor forever.”
President Donald Trump attended the observance at the Pentagon.
(TM and © Copyright 2019 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.)
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Entertainment » Books
Publisher Drops Book By Missouri Sen. Josh Hawley
by Hillel Italie
Friday January 8, 2021
Sen. Josh Hawley, R-Mo., asks questions during a Senate Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs Committee hearing to discuss election security and the 2020 election process on Wednesday, Dec. 16, 2020, on Capitol Hill in Washington. (Greg Nash/Pool via AP)
A planned book by Sen. Josh Hawley, who objected to President-elect Joe Biden's win and backed baseless claims that the election was stolen, has been canceled by its publisher in the wake a Capitol siege in Washington by a mob of pro-Trump supporters, a decision the Missouri Republican called "Orwellian" and vowed to fight in court.
In a statement Thursday, Simon & Schuster announced that "After witnessing the disturbing, deadly insurrection that took place on Wednesday in Washington, D.C, Simon & Schuster has decided to cancel publication of Senator Josh Hawley's forthcoming book, 'The Tyranny of Big Tech.'
"We did not come to this decision lightly," the publisher added. "As a publisher it will always be our mission to amplify a variety of voices and viewpoints: at the same time we take seriously our larger public responsibility as citizens, and cannot support Senator Hawley after his role in what became a dangerous threat to our democracy and freedom."
Hawley is a leading backer of President Trump's baseless claims that the election was stolen and that he prevailed over Biden, a Democrat whose term begins Jan. 20. Thousands of Trump supporters had gathered in Washington on Wednesday to protest Congress' formal certification of Biden's win and many ended up storming into the Capitol and occupying it for hours, delaying the process into early Thursday morning. A widely seen photo, taken before the occupation, shows Hawley raising a fist in solidarity to the crowd.
Hawley has often been cited as possible future presidential candidate and his book, scheduled to come out in June, was an intended forum for a favorite theme — the undue power of Google, Facebook and other internet giants. Soon after news broke that his book was dropped, Hawley tweeted, and tagged his comments directly to Simon & Schuster, that he was being unfairly censored and punished: "I was representing my constituents, leading a debate on the Senate floor on voter integrity, which they have now decided to redefine as sedition."
"This could not be more Orwellian... Let me be clear, this is not just a contract dispute. It's a direct assault on the First Amendment... I will fight this cancel culture with everything I have. We'll see you in court."
Simon & Schuster has had numerous clashes with Trump and his supporters over the last few years. It canceled a deal with the far-right writer and commentator Milo Yiannopoulos and published several anti-Trump best-sellers, including niece Mary Trump's "Too Much and Never Enough" and former National Security Advisor John Bolton's "The Room Where It Happened."
The SpongeBob Musical: Live on Stage! on DVD!
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Presence of UN Police Associated With Nonviolent Protests in Post-Civil War Countries
Countries with UN peacekeeping operations have more nonviolent protests than countries without UN peacekeepers, particularly if those peacekeeping missions include UN police (UNPOL)
In this issue, we examine a set of articles with a great deal of regional diversity — two articles focus on peacebuilding or peacekeeping in Africa, one looks at resistance to exclusionary nationalism in Bosnia (Europe), another explores “uncivil society” in Bougainville and Timor-Leste (Asia-Pacific), and, finally, one considers military checkpoints in Iraq (Middle East). These articles heighten our awareness of the complexities and challenges involved in peacebuilding after war. All the more reason to avoid war in the first place.
Inside this issue, we examine research analyzing hundreds of civil war peace agreements that concludes that “complex” agreements are not necessarily better at keeping the peace than simpler ones. Next, we take a critical look at research on public support for military interventions and the motivations behind support for interventions conducted for “humanitarian” reasons. Third, through examining civics textbooks in Sri Lanka in the context of global peace education efforts, we consider how specific omissions and emphases in these textbooks have served the government’s goals, while failing to address the injustice and inequality still plaguing post-war Sri Lanka. Next, we discuss research finding that the primary peacekeeping tasks associated with preventing violence and protecting civilians can be effectively undertaken by unarmed peacekeepers, who are, furthermore, often able to address some of the shortcomings of their armed counterparts. Finally, the last analysis reflects on possible reasons for why past attempts at peace in South Sudan have failed, calling for more psycho-sociologically informed conflict interventions in the future.
Challenges Implementing the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda in EU Peacekeeping
Planning staff in EU peacekeeping and crisis management missions maintain traditional understandings of security as a gender-neutral domain in relation to which “gender issues” are seen as an afterthought—not as essential to security work itself
UN Peacekeepers Need Peacekeeping Training
The United Nations doesn't have Peacekeepers, they have soldiers deployed as Peacekeepers. Peacekeeping missions are not military operations, therefore, Peacekeeper training should better reflect the peaceful mandate of the UN and abandon the militarized culture and tactics present in today's Peacekeeping forces.
Armed Peacekeepers Can Protect Civilians, But There Are Risks.
Research has shown that, in most cases, armed UN peacekeepers help protect civilian lives. However, militarizing any part of a peace process is dangerous and is often met with unintended consequences.
Unintended Consequences of “Robust” UN Peace Operations
An upcoming policy forum by the International Peace Institute will explore tensions between the pursuit of political solutions and the protection of civilians in the context of UN peacekeeping missions. Peace Science shows how the "robust" turn in UN peacekeeping has resulted in unintended consequences to civilians and the peacebuilding process.
The Unintended Consequences of “Robust” UN Peace Operations
Robust peacekeeping may succeed in protecting civilians in the short-term but has unintended effects that may jeopardize the broader work of UN missions.
International Peacekeeping and Positive Peace
Peacekeepers with the ability to enforce peace agreements are better able to build norms of trust and cooperation compared to the absence of peacekeepers.
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The Penn Jillette Radio Show March 14, 2006
https://pennfans.net/files/audio/pennradio/The.Penn.Jillette.Radio.Show.2006.03.14.mp3
Podcast: Download (Duration: 43:11 — 9.9MB)
Geek Todd Robbins is in the studio.
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DPSP Special Issues no 1
Case-Based Reasoning and Formulary Procedure
A guard against individual emotions
DPSP Annual Volume 1 (2020)
Online ISSN: eISSN 2667-2790
Gardini, Marco. Case-Based Reasoning and Formulary Procedure: A guard against individual emotions. DPSP Annual, I: Research, Volume 1 (2020), 108-130.
Marco Gardini
formula, setting, individual emotions, rationality, law, individualism, community
Category: research
Research Question: Law and Emotion
Reviewed by: Luca Nogler, Carel Smith
Cite as: Gardini, Marco. Case-Based Reasoning and Formulary Procedure: A guard against individual emotions. DPSP Annual, I: Research, Volume 1 (2020), 108-130.
Roman law achieved its greatness through a progressive improvement of tools designed to properly “set”, rather than “solving”, disputes.
This aspiration is well displayed in the first of the two stages in which the proceedings were organized, when the parties had to channel their claims into a scheme: the “formula”.
The formulas have been the best result that Roman legal reasoning could produce and they can still give us precious methodological insights.
With the help of some examples taken from the Digest and from contemporary judicial experience this paper will try to investigate the legal struggle between individual emotions and rationality.
1. The most appropriate viewpoint to understand civil law: the controversy
Even in systems where the law tends to present itself in the form of legal enactments, as it happens in most continental European countries, the primary element of legal experience is to be found in the process of setting and solving problems posed by real life.1
Take this case: a person asks another to lend him some silver for a banquet; at the end of the day the same person asks for the same silver for the following day; the lender cannot conveniently take the silver back to his house and, therefore, leaves it at the house of the borrower, where it is lost: who must suffer the loss?2
There are three solutions to every dispute: the first is to use violence to annihilate and impose the will of the most powerful; the second is for the aggrieved party to accept the loss without trying to pass it over to someone else; the third is to transform the chaotic dispute into a controlled controversy, in order to decide who is right and who is wrong. Here comes the law: the door of the law is opened when the parties renounce to use violence but are also not willing to forgive each other or, at least, to let things go.3
2. How to decide where the right is?
One option is for the parties to put the question, openly and freely, to a judge. This is indeed the most common course of action and, therefore, it is habitual to address the problem of “finding law” thinking “primarily of the judge”. 4
Is there an alternative to simply delegating the issue solely and exclusively to the judge, asking him to find the “right decision” in “the battle of arguments”?5
3. The formulas
The Romans addressed the problem of justice with a practical attitude. Every pretense of justice had to be converted into a specific claim. Every claim implies the desire to change something. The individual who pretended to have a right for a change had to state exactly what he wanted. The judicial process was held to ascertain whether or not the claim was right; if it was found to be wrong, things remained as they were. A philosophical attitude could have suggested that the right positions were many (A, B or C) and it was up to the judge to choose among them the one he preferred. The Romans, instead, believed that the right position could be chosen only through an adversarial procedure, the controversy, where the premises had to be agreed upon in advance and where the facts deemed to be relevant had to be selected and arranged in descriptions already approved.6
The Romans conceived a two-stage procedure for dealing with civil law disputes.7 Above all, they tried to keep apart, as much as possible, the setting of the problem from its final solution with a judgment.8 They always felt the need to ‘declare’9 in advance the criteria by which the claims made by the parties had to be addressed.10
The first phase of the judicial process was held before the magistrate and was devoted to the choice of the facts and of the criteria by which the dispute was to be addressed. The criteria were inherent to formulas provided for by the magistrate in his Edict. The praetor’s Edict benefited from the experience of the Roman jurists, whose activity was mainly devoted to the selection of the aspects of life that were worth to be considered “right” for the entire community. The incessant work of the jurists, therefore, allowed the refinement of the old formulas and the formation of new ones.11
The second phase was held in front of a private citizen, who was to serve as a judge charged with the duty to assess and evaluate the facts and give his ‘opinion’12 on the basis of the guidelines laid down in the first phase and now displayed in the formula.
The formulas confined the content of the dispute to what was strictly relevant. In addition, the preemptive setting was such as to allow only two possible alternative outcomes of the case (e.g.: “If it appears that..., condemn; if it does not appear, absolve”), leaving no space for ambiguity.13 This feature of the Roman trial highlights the strong rational imprint of Roman law. Indeed, after having defined the case with the formulas, the judgment on the relevance of the arguments raised by the parties could be dealt with in a very straightforward way. Once transposed into a setting by ‘mutual formal agreement’14 the judge, as anticipated above, had only the task of hearing the witnesses and evaluating the arguments of the parties, in order to reach a solid ‘opinion’ regarding which side was right. Being an opinion, the judgment was final. The mistakes of the judge, or the possible false witness statements, could influence the outcome of the dispute, but they could not corrupt the law, since it had already been previously saved into the formula drafted in the first phase. If Titius was found right, when he was wrong, it did not create problems in terms of law. The important thing was that the criteria to decide had been properly set during the first stage. For us, today, this could sound unacceptable. For the Romans it was unacceptable as well, but in a different way. They dealt with the unjust sentence without questioning its outcome. Once the parameters to decide who should be right were correctly stated (and their correctness was assured by the fact that they were agreed upon over a formula sanctioned by the magistrate), any external circumstances, such as the misconduct of the judge or the mendacity of the witnesses, were dealt with in a separate proceedings, against the judge or against the witnesses; indeed, they were circumstances unconnected with the object of the judgment.
The need to protect the criteria, even at the expense of the individual judgment, should not surprise. For the Romans the main reference point of the law was represented by the community, not by the individual citizen.15 The formulary procedure was permanently abolished by the sons of Constantine, who decided that the cases were to be decided by applying “the rules” directly, without the mediation of the formulas;16 the tools that had protected the rationality of the law, in fact, as time went on, had begun to be perceived as insidious traps.
The benefit of a preventive agreement regarding the setting of a dispute can still be experienced today in the canonical procedure. Can. 1676 § 3 describes the “formula of the doubt”: “The formula of the doubt not only is to ask whether the nullity of the marriage is established in the case but also must determine on what ground or grounds the validity of the marriage is to be challenged”. The hearing to agree on the formula is held before a judge and is used to define the reasons of nullity that the parties are ready to prove. The demand, therefore, is crystallized and will constitute the exclusive reference for the final judgment. If, for example, the validity of a marriage is being challenged because a spouse in the period prior to the wedding was in favor of divorce17, and if subsequently the evidence shows no grounds for that reason of nullity, but shows grounds for a different one (for example, the exclusion of children18), the court will be forced to declare that the reason of invalidity agreed upon is not proven and he will not be allowed to declare the marriage null on the different ground emerged during the evaluation of the evidence. Things remained as they were prior to the commencement of the dispute.
In addition to guiding the parties in the process of selecting the viewpoint, the formulas presented another advantage: they could not be mistaken as “commands” or “prescriptions of conduct”. Scholten indirectly states that in the area of civil law the rules are the product of an ancient tradition, and not a fruit of political power (“which claim obedience”), more interested to mold reality than to understand and accept it as it is.19 The formulas were immediately recognized as “tools” to solve the controversies. They were drafted to serve the need to solve a controversy, not to be imposed on reality. They immediately revealed which factual details were to be sacrificed and they were solution oriented, in that they suggested the outcome given certain premises. If a party wanted a different outcome, he could not simply say “I disagree”; he had to suggest a different formula, which meant pointing out different premises.
The formulas were also useful in bridging the unavoidable gap that separates words from reality. The illusion that the problem of words’ significance can be solved through a scrupulous use of a vocabulary has been replaced by the awareness that it requires a creative activity.20 If we nowadays can assume that every lawyer knows that the meaning of a word must always be chosen in light of the facts of the case, it is nonetheless easy, after having been “inspired” by a word, to forget the reality that suggested the word and begin a journey through a path paved of words only. The formulas, however, contained an explicit agreement about a set of meaningful factual settings. Inside them the facts were already qualified and coordinated to reach a final result. The risk of neglecting the reality in favor of an abstract meaning was therefore significantly reduced.21
In conclusion, the formulas provided a final definition of the question of law before taking and evaluating the evidence, hence preventing an irrational interference of the emotions. As a matter of fact, when the judge alone is allowed to decide the relevant facts after the evidence has been examined, the risk of a unilateral and biased selection of the premises with hindsight increases. The law uses and takes emotions into account as long as they are part of something that can be shared with others. Individualism and law stand on opposite sides. What is individual, indeed, destroys the space for categories, and law is all about categories.
4. Law and factual details
The citation “in causa ius esse positum” 22 quoted by Paul Scholten23, comes from one of the most famous fragments of the Digest24 in which Alfenus25 was asked who, among many potential tortfeasors, should be sued; he first of all answered that the solution was to be found in the factual details of the case.
If the law depends on the facts, it should follow that the more facts are taken into consideration, the more accurate the decision becomes. One, however, shouldn’t infer from this proposition that the more facts are taken into consideration, the more accurate the decision becomes. From a disorderly or excessive amount of factual details a standstill of the deciding process is likely to ensue.26 A multitude of factual details (“the facts of the case itself”) poses the problem of “relevance” and “coordination”. Without establishing an order of precedencies it would be impossible to decide on right or wrong and people would be obliged to resort to free arbitration (or even to a “toss up”). In order to reach a rational decision, the facts should be organized into a perspective, and, in order to do so, some factual details should be sacrificed in favor of those that are considered the best on which to hinge the adjudication. The necessity to rely on a clear pattern is such that, in every judicial procedure, the need is felt to impose at least a timeline for changing the claim or advancing new ones. From a certain point on, the facts must be only those alleged to in the judicial proceedings, and those left outside should be treated as if they did not exist.
This necessity of restriction, however, should not be taken as an authorization to disregard the details of the case, even the most minute one.27 Not knowing all the details, in fact, has many implications. First of all not knowing the details would imply a restriction of choice. But almost all factual patterns are susceptible to different interpretations and can therefore be set along different rules or formulas.28 An historical event cannot have a univocal interpretation; the one case, one rule scenario is often either and illusion or a result of superficial legal awareness. It is therefore very dangerous to escape from facts as soon as a first clear legal pattern seems to emerge. At a certain point in time it is a necessity to set on a specific formula (or rule) and forget the alternatives but, doing that in a rush, it implies the risk of setting the dispute along a line that is wrong or unfavorable. The facts of the case carry all the emotional strengths that prompted the dispute. A sacrifice will be unavoidable, but not at the cost of disregarding the circumstances of the case.
In order to illustrate and sum up the main points outlined above I could use an example. The relationship of buying and selling is a complex operation, is practiced by many and on several occasions. We “know” it intuitively simply by living, since childhood. We abandon the intuitive dimension, that consists of an immediate, individual, emotional experience, when we want to explain that experience to others.29 The legal purchase-sale experience can be explained dividing it into meaningful segments, which seem to be suitable for the purpose we have in mind. There is for example the problem of the price. Has it to be monetary or may it also consist of a thing? With the segments we build an image, an articulated schema, which tells us, for example, that there must be at least two persons or, better, at least two parties.
While making these operations of clipping and describing the individual pieces, we proceed as needed (it is a work in action). But when we are asked to judge a case that at first glance seems to fall under the purchase-sale schema, we are confronted with an important methodological issue: do we proceed by overlapping each element of the purchase-sale schema with the individual facts under consideration, as if it was only a matter of performing an analytical and self evident operation, or do we first re-live the factual details and only afterwards do we look for the more adequate schema? In other words, which comes first, the rule or the case? The suggestion that emerges from Roman law is to adopt the second course of action and give precedence to the case.30 As impeccably expressed by Paul Scholten, however, when we approach a case, we are bound to use our previous experiences:
in the multiplicity of phenomena that gave rise to a lawsuit, the judge searches for the facts which are relevant for his judgment. He will not be able to do so without taking a rule as point of departure, without a decision in mind — why else would this fact be relevant and that not? In the administration of justice we can only perceive the facts in light of the rule, [in light of] the decision31.
On the other hand, Paul Scholten, warns us to avoid the risk of acting as those who have a clear decision immediately in mind and they later collect the reasons for it.32
In sum, the rules can be both a point of departure and of arrival, but it is of the utmost importance not to forget the lesson of the jurist Paulus: we must first of all try to experience the case in all its nuances and, only afterwards, we will choose the applicable rule.
The categories are the realm of cognition, the facts are the realm of sentiments and intuitions. Bringing the facts into categories requires a quality that the Romans put at the top of all virtues that a jurist should have: prudentia. Being prudent means to ‘take care’33, and proceed cautiously only after having gained a deep comprehension of the case, so as to avoid that the chosen rule is felt as a violent interference with life34.
This tells us that the emotions do play an important role. Understanding the case means being able to re-live it, with all the connected emotions. There is nonetheless the moment when the case has to be explained in rational terms, through a virtuous use of natural language and using the descriptions that we inherited in the form of rules (or formulas). That is the moment when some facts will be given precedence over others. From that moment on, the schema will be stronger than the individual emotions.
In conclusion I should only reiterate that when the rule (or formula) is chosen and agreed upon by the parties before the evidence has been taken before the judge, the law is safeguarded against irrational and uncontrollable subjective emotional interferences with hindsight.
5. The case of the borrowed “family silver
In order to explore the territory that separates life from legal categories and, therefore, in order to investigate the potential impact of emotions in the Roman civil law, it could be useful to take a better look at the case of Ulpianus35 that I put in a nutshell at the beginning of the paper.
If you asked me to prepare a dinner room and to give you the silverware and I did so and, the following day, asked the same and, due to the fact that I could not conveniently take the silver back home, I left it there and it was lost. What action can be brought and who must bear the risk of the loss? With regard to the risk Labeo36 said there was a significant difference depending on whether or not I had put a guard in charge of the premises: If I put a guard, the risk was to be borne by me, if not, the risk was to be borne by the person with whom the things were left. My opinion is that an action for loan is to be brought, indeed the person with whom the things must answer for ‘custody37,’ unless it was expressly agreed otherwise.38
As it habitually happens in the sources handed down through the Digest, the description of the facts is reduced to a minimum. Nothing is said about the role of the lender (was he a private individual; was he a person who used to organize banquets?), and about the ties between the protagonists (was there an old bond of friendship, kinship, business?); nothing is said about the context that justified the loan (was it made for an event that involved also the lender?), nor on the details of the premises where the dinner was to take place, nor on the people who would take part to it, nor on the defenses for the night; what happened to the silverware, finally, is hidden behind the expression ‘was lost39’, that veils the exact causes and circumstances of the loss of the silverware.
The description of the events culminates in two questions: a) what action can be submitted; b) who has to bear the risk of the loss. The order of the two questions suggests, correctly, that the allocation of the loss depends on the setting of the case along a template, and not vice versa.
Which scheme is better suited to frame the case? At first glance one would think of a “loan for use” but, in principle, different configurations cannot be ruled out. A second option would be that the lender, leaving the silver for the night, has entered into a “deposit”, which is an operation done for his own interest; if that was the case, there is no doubt that the risk would be imposed on him, as there would be no reason to depart from the general rule according to which ‘it is the owner who bears the loss of his goods’40. The depositary, in fact, answers for fraudulent actions only, while in the loan-lease the borrower answers not only for negligence but also for ‘custody’. The facts of the case may, however, be read in a third way, by emphasizing the importance of the assignment being requested to the owner of the silver41, obtaining, as a result, a "mandate". There could finally be a fourth possibility, which is, subdividing the case into three distinct operations: a loan (for the first day), a deposit (for the night), a loan (for the following day).
The few factual details offered by Ulpianus outline a relationship based on the request to be able to enjoy things owned by others, and the acceptance of this request by the other without a consideration; it is therefore likely that Ulpianus wanted to draw attention to a setting that has the typical features of a ‘loan for use’42 and to look at the matter from the perspective of the action for loan.43 What happened to the silver is likely to be a theft; otherwise it would be necessary to think of ‘events’44 such as a landslide or a robbery, the consequences of which would normally be suffered by the owner.
At this point the problem is to choose the formula best suited to address the problem proposed. According to Gaius45, the borrower had two available templates, a ‘formula in factum’,46 which restricted the liability only to the willful conduct of the borrower, and a ‘formula in ius’,47 in which the judge was asked to adjudicate the recovery of any loss suffered on the basis of what was considered to be fair. The ‘formula in factum’ gave the judge little room to weigh the peculiarities of the case; the ‘formula in ius’ was therefore best suited to enable the judge to give weight to the circumstances of the case. In the case presented by Ulpianus, however, the judge was expected to apply the criterion of ‘custody’, which suggests that, in case of theft, the loss should be suffered by the borrower, who was in the best position to protect the good and who, moreover, was the only beneficiary of the operation. Applied as a strict rule, however, the ‘custody rule’ could turn flexible proceedings, in which the judge must ‘adjudicate using the standard of good faith’48,into the equivalent of ‘rigid proceedings’49; in other words, the flexible proceedings in theory allow the judge to decide on the basis of what he deems fair, but if the ‘custodyrule’ was interpreted in a rigid way (“every time there is a theft, the borrower is to be condemned”) there would be no room whatsoever for exceptions based on the particularities of the case. It would consequently be important to ascertain whether or not Ulpianus set the rule ”in abstracto”, apart from the case, or “in view of the case”.50
Both Ulpianus and Labeo actually show the willingness to find room for exceptions to a rule that, read in the above mentioned abstract way, would always trigger liability. Labeo says that the rule does not apply if the lender put a person of his choice in charge of monitoring the scene. By doing so, in fact, the main justification for the use of the rule of ‘custody’ (consisting in the fact that the lender, entrusting the good to the borrower, loses control of the good), is eroded. Unlike Labeo, Ulpianus says that the borrower must not suffer the loss every time the parties have agreed to this effect. It would seem a quite narrow exception. What remains to be seen, therefore, is if the expression ‘aliud nominatim convenit’ could refer to something different than an explicit agreement. The margin for such an interpretation is narrow because the adverb “nominatim” means ‘by name’, i.e. with words. A translation that whished to be respectful of the text, should be “unless expressly agreed upon with words”. It is true that an explicit agreement would solve the problem more effectively than any presumption; it would eliminate the problem at its roots. However, such a translation would credit Ulpianus with an unusual rigidity and, therefore, the narrow margin mentioned above is worth to be explored, in order to see whether the expression could be construed as to include inferences to be made on the basis of special circumstances (i.e., non verbal agreements). In order to do so, it could be useful to enrich the minimal description provided by the Digest51 with hypothetical details, and then evaluate their relevance. Let us assume, for example, that at the end of the first day the borrower had shown that the sites were not entirely secure and that the owner had nonetheless decided to leave it there ("do not worry; what could happen? I find it difficult to take the silver back home"). Is it conceivable that such a circumstance could not be presented before the ‘judge’52, at least in terms of acceptance of the risks inherent in the conditions of the house? After being put on notice of the risks for the night, in fact, the claim to be compensated for the loss of the silver could hardly be considered to be a request made in good faith. But instead of saying "do not worry", the owner could have shown his disappointment ("You should have told me in advance! Now I find myself in a difficult position"). In this case would it not be reasonable to believe that the borrower, insisting on keeping the silverware, had taken the risk upon himself for the night? I believe that during the second phase, before the judge, the ‘custody rule’ was not applied “mechanically”, regardless of the circumstances of the case; on the contrary, it was possible to see the extent to which the rule could be adapted.
This case allows us to identify two different moments where emotions played a major role. The first was before the magistrate, during the first stage, since the choice of the formula depended on the factual details that the magistrate was willing to consider, with all the related implications of emotional character (we have seen that the same factual pattern could be addressed using different formulas: loan, deposit and mandate). The second was before the judge, since the final judgment depended on his willingness to give weight to specific factual details, each one of which was the bearer of precise emotions. Does this mean that even in Roman law emotions could have a disruptive force? No, because the margins of choice were in both moments very controlled. In the first stage the choice was not open but, as we have seen, limited to the schemas (formulas, rules, concepts) elaborated by the jurists. In the second phase, instead, the discretion of the judge was restricted by the specific formula agreed upon. Within that formula the factual circumstances could allow a deviation from the applicable rule (as seen for ‘custody’ rule) only when they were certain and worthy; if the circumstances suggesting the deviation were doubtful, the rule would have prevailed, that is, in case of doubt, the loss should have been suffered by the borrower.
6. Rules and precepts
The case of the “borrowed silver” has made possible to experience two different ways in which the rules can be used: one flexible and prudent, the other rigid and authoritarian. This conclusion gives the opportunity to make some general considerations about the difference that runs between rules and precepts, regardless of the historical context in which they operate.
The ways in which the rules (formulas or ordinary rules) are used can vary significantly: one can be called “creative”, which implies the coordination of the chosen data within a schema (an abstract representation, stripped of non-essential details) capable of suggesting a unified meaning; the other, which we might call “applicative”, in which an established schema (concept) would be merely applied. There is a considerable difference between making use of legal concepts or rules only after having retraced their origins (i.e., the problems that culminated in the formulation of those rules), and using them as a fixed pattern ready to be imposed on reality. In the first case, not losing sight of the paths that led to the creation of the rule, the interpreter would naturally be inclined to leave it open to possible developments; the rule would accordingly acquire its proper presumptive nature, with the goal of suggesting a potential outcome, which remains valid until circumstances arise that can suggest different outcomes. In the second case, by isolating the schema from its roots, the rule would acquire a rigidity that would encourage a process of mechanical application, thus losing the possibility of valorizing the minute characteristics of the case.
The presumptive nature of the rules neatly differentiates them from precepts. The rules should be considered as ‘rulers’53 (this is the literal meaning of the Latin word regula), instruments for judgment based on certain premises; if the premises change, the rule must be accordingly tuned or substituted with a different one.54 The adjusting process stops only when one encounters circumstances so individual that they are not worth to be picked up within a rule. A rule, indeed, to be a rule, must consider the facts in a simplified manner; it cannot gather the extreme peculiarities of the case without thereby losing its ability to be a rule. At the same time, the rule, being unable to embrace all details, cannot point to the final outcome of the case, as if they should be achieved at any cost, bending the facts of the case to the rule, rather than adapting the rule to facts.
7. Facts and individual emotions
I would briefly return to the case of the borrowed silver in order to make a final consideration with specific regard to the role played by emotions. Above I tried to consider the impact of small factual details. I have however confined the hypothetical occurrences to facts that could be relevant at a general level (the presence of a guard, the insistence on leaving the silver for the night, etc.). What can be said, however, of those individual conditions that the law cannot generally afford to consider? Could, for example, the hypothetical poverty of the lender, in contrast with the hypothetical opulence of the borrower, have influenced the decision of the judge? It is very difficult to give a well-grounded answer. What could be said, however, is that the Romans were inclined to give weight only to facts that were selected through a rational process, a process that could explain the reasons of the exception to the rule.55 The exceptions were hardly left unexplained, as the fruit of an intuition. The formula, and the supporting jurisprudential rules (in this case the rule of custodia) were, as said above, a safeguard against emotional mistakes, because they forced to make explicit choices and agreements about the conceptual frames in which the decision had to be embedded. The impact of individual emotions, however, cannot be ruled out, especially if one considers that the judgment was given without explaining the reasoning.
8. Criminal and administrative law: a different room for emotions
I would now like to review two contemporary cases that I have selected in order to illustrate the impact of emotions on judicial issues when the law seems to be left without safeguards.
I chose two cases taken from the contemporary criminal and civil Italian law.
8.1 The El Aofir case
In Milan, August 17, 2003, a non-EU citizen took possession of a Lancia car parked on Viale Ungheria. The police, alerted by the owner, began an immediate search. The patrol "Fox 49" intercepted the car and, at gunpoint, almost blocking the road, summoned the driver to stop. He stopped, opened the door, but suddenly he shut it and resumed the escape with the car, succeeding in going through the narrow gap between the middle road and the Carabinieri’s car (one of the officers had to jump aside to avoid being run over). Pursued by "Fox 49" and other alerted patrols, the fugitive was stopped by cars in line waiting at a traffic light. To disentangle himself from that situation, the fugitive performed a U-turn maneuver, jumped above the curb, and took the urban ring road in the wrong direction, putting himself in the third lane, the one occupied by the fastest cars proceeding in the opposite correct direction. The fugitive was closely followed by the patrols "Fox 49" and "Fox 74", which were forced to stop the pursuit, in order to avoid collisions with cars coming in the opposite direction. Meanwhile, from Vimercate proceeded on the third left lane a Ford Focus where, in the back seat, was lying a child of five. At the exit of a curve, the fugitive Lancia found himself confronted by the Ford. It tried to avoid it by steering to the right, where, however, there was another car. The Ford Focus collided head-on with the Lancia Dedra, bucked and capsized. The little five-year old, not restrained by seat belts, was projected out and died two days later, as a result of the trauma.
After the arrest, the fugitive claimed to have acted under the influence of psychotropic drugs and alcohol. No tests were made on this, but the doctor who intervened in the immediacy of the incident did not consider it to be true. According to testimonies, the fugitive proceeded without hesitation at speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour, sometimes pointing the cars that were coming in the opposite direction, and then dodging them at the last moment by moving to the left. The witnesses were unanimous in stressing the particular determination of the fugitive, who had continued to drive without fear; otherwise, it was said, he could have chosen to take the emergency lane or he could have stopped the vehicle and continued to escape on foot, through the fields.
The case was interpreted as follows: given that the death of the small child and the injuries suffered by other drivers were directly related to the conduct of the defendant, it is to be decided only whether the defendant should be held accountable for willful or reckless homicide. With the exception of a brief reference contained in the appeal to the Supreme Court, the fact that the baby was asleep in the back seat without being secured to the belt has never been given consideration.
On 21 March 2004, the court of first instance made the following reasoning: given that the fugitive would flee at all costs, despite the "clear risk" of colliding with other vehicles, he must be deemed to have accepted the risk that his conduct would cause death or injury to other drivers. The defendant was therefore held accountable for aggravated “indirectly willful” murder and bodily harm. He was therefore sentenced to 24 years in prison, which later on was shortened to 16 years only for reasons of procedural benefit.
The following year, May 9, 2005, on appeal, the penalty was raised to 18 years in prison. Following a path outlined by a Supreme Court decision56, the notion of “indirect willingness” was replaced with “ordinary, direct, willingness”. The switch was explained as follows "you have direct intent whenever the harmful event is an ancillary consequence, necessary or highly probable, of the main wanted event." The defendant was therefore convicted of ordinary (intentional) murder.
A few months later, on 23 November 200557, the ruling was upheld by the Supreme Court on the basis of this argument: "when the realization of certain facts is highly probable, by accepting them, the agent wants them."
The prevailing case law considers that the agent responds on the basis of indirect willingness, instead of gross negligence, every time the event was expected and accepted as the price to be paid in order to reach a specific result.58 In this case, the defendant wanted to escape. Did he, in order to escape, would have agreed even to kill someone? In order to test this “acceptance”, is it sufficient to measure it against an abstract event (death of a man) or must the “acceptance” be measured against the event actually occurred (head-on collision of his car with another car, resulting in the death of a child)? Here the tension between the category and the actual case can be felt in a very sharp way. The main facts on which the court inferred intent (indirect in first instance, direct in appeal) were: high speed driving in the wrong direction; swerving at the last moment; not having given up the escape; absence of a driving license. These are all willful rings of a chain that ended with a death.
In order to blame the last fatal episode on willingness, there is the need to make a logical leap, that can be done by hinging on the notion of “knowledge and forecast".59
The historical roots of this argument can be traced back to a famous passage of Celsus60, that during the Middle Ages had encountered considerable fortune (the so-called lex quod Nerva).61
“The fact that Nerva62 said, that gross fault was ‘willful misconduct’63, was not subscribed to by Proculus, but I believe it is very true. Indeed, if a person is not careful, as he should according to the nature of men, he betrays the faith put in him unless he takes care of the thing deposited using his habitual care. He therefore cannot be considered to have respected the faith put in him if he shows for the thing deposited with him less care than in relation to his things.”
Celsus describes the disagreement between Nerva and Proculus64 about the scope of a rule according to which the depositary must answer for the damages or loss of the things deposited with him. The ordinary rule requires that the depositary can be asked to answer only on the basis of a willful conduct. Without the proof of a willful conduct there could be no action. Nerva came up with the following argument: the depositary who, for the things deposited with him, does not use the same degree of care he uses for his own things can be considered to have acted with fraud (willingly, not negligently). For example, the basement is being flooded and the depositary brings his belongings to safety, leaving the others things in the water. He knows that the water will damage them and, leaving them there, is considered like having wanted the result.
As already said, the point of Nerva, approved by Celsus as “most true”65 was justified by the fact that the action in factum for deposit was available in case of fraud only.66 This explains why, in order to allow the plaintiff to obtain a monetary redress, Nerva and Celsus suggested to equate knowledge with intention: you knew? then you wanted. Can this equation be easily transplanted from the field of compensation (where what is given to one party, is taken from the other party and what is not given to one enriches the other) to the field of criminal law, where the judgments are individual (the question is only whether or not the agent must be punished)? The different logical character of criminal law and the severity of its consequences should suggest to use the equation only with the utmost care.
In a comment to the trial decision, it was observed that the acceptance of the event as it actually occurred (head on between the car of the fugitive and the car carrying the child), would have required not only the acceptance of the death of others (including that of a child), but also the death of the agent himself.67 The instinct of self-preservation would normally be the strongest. The steering itself could be seen as the expression of a hope of avoiding any accident.
It is my strong belief that, in this case, powerful emotional factors that pushed in favor of the equation suggested by Nerva played a pivotal role. The accused was of Moroccan nationality. From a research that I have personally done on the web, the media had emphasized the tragic loss of the child, creating a widespread feeling of disdain. Newspaper articles were commented by the readers with considerations that certainly were not inspired by understanding or forgiveness. The mother's grief over the loss of her child had made inroads in many minds: the minds of the patrol agents, the minds of the judges and even the minds of the lawyers assisting the defendant.68 The emotional background that surrounded the handling of the case was apparent also in terms of style: in the documents of the court the victim was always referred to as "the little Nicolò", while the defendant’s name was frequently misspelled (the correction was made only by the Supreme Court) and his actions were invariably described choosing terms that betrayed loathe. In this context, the court had to choose between two settings: involuntary manslaughter, allowing for a penalty of a maximum of seven years and eight months in prison, or voluntary manslaughter, requiring a minimum of twenty years in prison. It looks like the judges oriented the facts so as to justify a charge that allowed for a severe and fast judgment.69
This case seems to validate the theory according to which “indirect intent” is a tool to conceal a moral judgment, so that intent is recognized in a “bad” man and denied in a “good” man.70
8.2 The Stamina case
A group of people led by prof. Vannoni (degree in literature and philosophy) developed a therapeutic treatment for neurodegenerative diseases based on specially treated stem cells. Many patients, convinced of the efficacy of the treatment, requested the opportunity to benefit from it at the expense of the National Health Service.
In the Public Hospital of Brescia, on the basis of an agreement with the foundation that promoted the “stamina method”71, the administration of the therapy began.
Upon learning of this practice, the AIFA72 issued an ordinance forbidding the therapy.73
To this prohibition many patients reacted by resorting to civil courts (chosen on the basis of the place of residence of the patients), requesting the issuance of interim measures to allow them to continue the treatment at the hospital in Brescia. Several judges operating in different Italian cities74 granted the requests of the patients and, consequently, ordered the hospital in Brescia to continue the treatments.
A Scientific Committee established by the Minister of Health for assessing the efficacy and safety of the treatment expressed a very negative opinion, but the clash between individual measures provided for by the civil courts and the directives coming from public bodies continues.
A criminal investigation conducted by the public prosecutor in Turin has also begun and has ended with a plea agreement of prof. Vannoni.
What are the reasons for this clash between institutions? The “case” originated from the competition of two jurisdictions, the civil and the administrative. The Italian legal system, in fact, allows citizens to apply to ordinary courts to obtain all the necessary measures to protect "fundamental personal rights"; the “right to health” is considered to be one of them. If a provision of a public nature interferes with the right to health, the citizen is consequently allowed to resort to ordinary civil courts to obtain a non-application of the administrative directive in his specific regard.
The Stamina “case” reveals a community crumbling under the weight of desperate patients, emphasized by the power of the media. In a recent lecture at the University of Parma, prof. Gragnoli, told his personal experience with a similar case, fifteen years back, in Modena, with regard to a contentious treatment for cancer. He revealed the confession of a judge who said he had often decided in favor of the claiming party even if he was not really convinced of the scientific soundness of the cure. Why? Who am I, said the judge, to kill the last hope of these people? The problem is that by doing this the judge was, at best, being generous using the fiscal resources of the community. On one side there where the patients bringing their sufferings inside the court room, on the other side there was the budget of the Italian National Health System. The generosity of the judge, moreover, could be misplaced and result in false illusions and dangerous treatments. Here we touch once more the dramatic clash between the individual person (with a name ad a surname) and the community.75 The interest of the community usually comes in the form of an abstract reasoning, and the judge is required to be “an agent of the community”. Should the reasoning prevail over the real person? What if it is wrong?
The more the judge is left alone, the more difficult it is to administer justice without falling victim to the emotions.
9. Conclusions: law and individualities
Roman law was sensitive to the particularities of the individual case, but firm in its principles.76 The principles could be firm, because there was a community that was committed to maintain the system. The rationality of the system could be experienced at its best in Roman private law, where it was up to the parties to choose the setting of the case before the evidence had been heard and examined.
Today we have lost sight of the value of the setting phase of the controversy. In private law cases the parties can state their claims without restrictions and the judge, eventually, finds himself alone to decide both the setting and the outcome. He alone has to decide the facts that are to be given precedence over the others and he must do so after having seen the results of the evidence. How does he decide? He has to fight many temptations: the temptation to escape from the facts too soon77, to oversee the facts he does not want to see or, worst of all, to conceal or change the facts he does not like because they do not fit with the outcome he has already chosen.
Through the use of the formulas, however, we have seen how the Roman judicial proceedings could be safeguarded against ungovernable individual emotions. They are a component of our life and, as such, have always played and will continue to play an important role to understand reality. The law, however, works on a different tune. A judgment should be just and, in order to be so, it must be based upon premises that are clear, fixed and common to both the parties. If the premises are foggy or keep changing, the adjudication will be controlled by the more powerful individual emotions (of the judge or of one of the parties).
We often experience the dramatic friction between the boundaries of a category, that embodies the law and the subjective expectations of individual persons. The two examples that I have selected outside civil law show how difficult it is, in the absence of a rigorous and shared setting of the case, to separate law from individualities, with the result that the concrete decisions tend to be founded on grounds that are “other than intellectual ones.”78
Agnati, Ulrico. Il commento di Bartolo di Sassoferrato alla lex quod Nerva (D. 16,3,32): introduzione, testi e annotazioni. Torino: Giappichelli, 2004.
———. “Responsabilità del depositario e del debitore. D.16.3.32 (Lex quod Nerva) nelle interpretazioni di Azzone e Accursio.” Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris L  V (2009): 649–70.
Bar, C.L. von. “Dolus eventualis.” Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, nr. 18 (1898): 510.
Bassi, Nicola. Le Pubbliche Amministrazioni e il loro diritto, Elementi di diritto amministrativo sostanziale. 2de ed. Napoli: Edises, 2014. https://www.google.fr/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=L1jLVfHFMJPBbJC1sdAD&gws_rd=ssl#q=N.+Bassi%2C+Le+Pubbliche+Amministrazioni+e+il+loro+diritto%2C+.
Beduschi, Carlo. Tipicità e diritto: contributo allo studio della razionalità giuridica. 3.1 Monografia,trattato scientifico, 1992. https://air.unipr.it/handle/11381/2287628#.V  hddfntlBc.
Diocese of Madison. “Explanations of the Grounds of Nullity”, juli 2013. http://www.madisondiocese.org/DioceseofMadison/Tribunal/TheGroundsofNullity.aspx.
Frank, Reinhard. “Vorstellung Und Wille in Der Modernen Doluslehre.” Zeitschrift Für Die Gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft 10, nr. 1 (1890): 169–228.
Gardini. “Damnum Iniuria Datum and the Law of Torts: From Cases to Rules.” In The Export of Legal Education Its Promise and Impact in Transition Countries, bewerkt door Ronald A Brand en D. Wes Rist. Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2009. http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=449226.
Huppes-Cluysenaer, Liesbeth, Marjanne Termorshuizen-Arts, Cassandra Steer, and Paul Scholten. “Paul Scholten: General Method of Private Law, English Translation of the First Chapter of the Original General Volume of the Asser-Serie on Dutch Civil Law, Including Comments and Annotations.” DPSP Annual, II: New Translations, Volume 1 (2020).
Kaser, Max. Roman private law. Vertaald door Rolf Dannenbring. London; Durban: Butterworths, 1968.
Mommsen, Theodor, en Paul Krueger, red. Iustiniani Digestae. Many reprints. Berlin, 1882.
Sauer, Wilhelm. Grundlagen des Prozessrechts. Stuttgart: F. Enke, 1919.
Schiavone, Aldo, Jeremy Carden, en Antony Shugaar. The invention of law in the West. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012.
Schulz, Fritz. Principles of Roman Law,. Vertaald door Marguerite Wolff. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1936.
Tolstoy, L.N. War and Peace. Vertaald door R. Edmonds. Harmondsworth; New York: Penguin, 1982.
Viehweg, Teodor. Topik und Jurisprudenz. Ein Beitrag zur rechtswissenschaftlichen Grundlagenforschung. München: C.A. Beck, 1954.
Vigano, F. “Fuga spericolata in autostrada e incidente con esito letale: un’ipotesi di dolo eventuale?” Corriere del merito, nr. 1 (2005): 70 ss.
Villey, Michel. Le droit et les droits de l’homme. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1983.
adjudicate using the standard of good faith. “Iudicium ex fide bona.”
custody. “custodia”
decision. “iudicium”
declare. “dicere”
event. “periculum”
it is the owner who bears the loss of his goods. “Res perit domino”
judge. “iudex”
loan for use. “commodatum”
most true. “Verissimum”
mutual formal agreement. “litis contestatio”
opinion. “sententia”
rigid proceedings. “Iudicium strictum.”
ruler. “regula”
taking care. “prudens”
The law is to be found in the features of the case. “in causa ius esse positum”
was lost. “perierit”
willful misconduct’. “dolum”
Cass. 13/1983, (z.d.).
Cass. 1703/2000, (z.d.).
Cass. 42219/2005, (z.d.).
Codex Justinianus. Code of Justinian. Codex Iustinianus, Paul Krüger (ed.) (editio stereotypa; 1877.
Alfenus. “was a Republican Roman jurist who lived during the first century B.C.”
Celsus. “a Roman jurist who lived between the first and second centuries A.D.”
Gaius. “Gaius (floruit AD 130–180) was a celebrated Roman jurist.”
Labeo. “Marcus Antistius Labeo (d. 10 or 11 AD) was an ancient Roman jurist”
Nerva. “Consul before 24 AD. Jurist, frequently mentioned by other jurists of the classical period.”
Paulus. “Julius Paulus (fl. 222–235 AD), Roman jurist.”
Proculus. “Proculus was the name of an ancient Roman jurist, around 50 A.D.”
Ulpianus. “a Roman jurist who lived between the second and third centuries A.D.”
arbiter. “appointed by the magistrate to reach a settlement between parties that were not standing on neatly opposed positions, employing a considerable amount of discretion”
civil law. “private law” (Private law and civil law are exchangeable in this article. To be precise civil law is a part of private law, that includes real rights, obligations and responsibility, leaving out the commercial law. The distinction in Italy has no longer reason to exist.)
classical. “the first two and a half ages AD”
Digest. “The Digest, also known as the Pandects (Latin: Digesta seu Pandectae), is a name given to a compendium or digest of Roman law compiled by order of the emperor Justinian I in the 6th century (AD 530-533).”
Eleatic school. “The Eleatics were a pre-Socratic school of philosophy founded by Parmenides in the early fifth century BC in the ancient town of Elea. Other members of the school included Zeno of Elea and Melissus of Samos.  enophanes is sometimes included in the list, though there is some dispute over this. Elea, whose modern-day appellation is Velia, was a Greek colony located in present-day Campania in southern Italy.”
formula in factum. “restricting the liability only to the willful conduct of the borrower”
formula in ius. “asking the judge to adjudicate the recovery of any loss suffered on the basis of what was considered to be fair”
iudex. “appointed by the magistrate to decide between parties standing on neatly opposed positions because of the chosen formula, leaving no space for ambiguity”
legis actionis. “the forms of actions which had to respect the instructions of the law of the Twelve Tables”
pre-classical. “the last two ages BC”
proceedings “per formulas.” “i.e. that the parties are to set up their dispute following a template that is agreed upon by them, with the consent of the magistrate, on a case by case basis.”
Twelve Tables. “According to Roman tradition, the Law of the Twelve Tables (Latin: Leges
Duodecim Tabularum or Duodecim Tabulae) was the ancient legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law.”
Ulp. 28 ad ed. D.13.6.5.14. “The Digest of Justinian (abbreviated as ‘D’) is composed of 50 ‘books’ (the number of the book is indicated by the first number after ‘D’). Each book is divided into ‘Titles’ (second number after ‘D’). Each Title is divided in ‘Fragments’ -in the past referred to as ‘Laws’- (third number after ‘D’). Each ‘Fragment’ is divided into ‘Paragraphs’ (fourth number after ‘D’). The abbreviation ‘D.13.6.5.14’, therefore, pinpoints the fourteenth paragraph, of the fifth fragment, of the sixth title of the thirteenth book of the Digest. In the Digest each fragment is preceded by a summary indication of the author and the work from which the fragment was extracted. ‘Ulp. 28 ad ed.’ indicates that the fragment was extracted from the 28th book ‘Ad Edictum’ of Ulpianus (‘Ulp’).”
1 Paul Scholten wrote his General Method of Private Law in a time that obliged him to accept the formal preeminence of legislation. He was, however, perfectly conscious of the fact that legal enactments are nothing but a tool in the hands of those who must solve actual and concrete legal issues. “The parliamentary system tries to find a method to discover [what law is] and to distill legal rules from it. How poorly it succeeds in this. Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 492
2 This is a case by Ulpianus, “a Roman jurist who lived between the second and third centuries A.D.” See Mommsen en Krueger, Iustiniani Digestae, Ulp. 28 ad ed. D.13.6.5.14. “The Digest of Justinian (abbreviated as ‘D’) is composed of 50 ‘books’ (the number of the book is indicated by the first number after ‘D’). Each book is divided into ‘Titles’ (second number after ‘D’). Each Title is divided in ‘Fragments’ -in the past referred to as ‘Laws’- (third number after ‘D’). Each ‘Fragment’ is divided into ‘Paragraphs’ (fourth number after ‘D’). The abbreviation ‘D.13.6.5.14’, therefore, pinpoints the fourteenth paragraph, of the fifth fragment, of the sixth title of the thirteenth book of the Digest. In the Digest each fragment is preceded by a summary indication of the author and the work from which the fragment was extracted. ‘Ulp. 28 ad ed.’ indicates that the fragment was extracted from the 28th book ‘Ad Edictum’ of Ulpianus (‘Ulp’).” The case will be analyzed later in this paper.
3 “Law” and “forgiveness” represent a distinct alternative, an alternative which is easy to oversee under the influence of the notion of justice, a notion that apparently conveys the best of all virtues and stays at the top of our contemporary lay ethical points of reference. The gap, however, is clearly perceivable comparing the Roman with the Evangelical proposal. Ulpianus says “Justice is made of the constant and perpetual effort to give to each person what he is entitled to” (Ulp. 1 reg. D.1.1.10 pr.: Iustitia est constans et perpetua voluntas ius suum cuique tribuendi). The Evangelist Matthew (5:38-42), after having urged the adoption of a “no resistance” attitude, replacing the “Eye for eye and tooth for tooth” rule (Ex 21:24) with the offer of the “other cheek”, suggests the following: 39 If anyone wants to go to law with you over your tunic, hand him your cloak as well. 41 Should anyone press you into service for one mile, go with him for two miles. 42 Give to the one who asks of you, and do not turn your back on one who wants to borrow.” (http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0839/__PVE.HTM) I must say that, in this regard, I agree with Liesbeth Huppes-Cluysenaer, who pointed out that most of the time people do not forgive but, nonetheless, “let things go” just to avoid the trouble of a conflict. Many times, unfortunately, the forbearance, the act or refraining from exercising a legal action, when it is not coupled with true forgiveness, generates a dangerous sense of frustration that poisons the atmosphere of peace that one wanted to preserve.
4 Scholten makes clear that when one is occupied with the problem of finding law, “one thinks primarily of the judge although this is not the only one who has to find the law. Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 9.
5 The reference to the “battle of arguments” is inIbid. block 465.
6 The importance of this selecting process was expressed by Paul Scholten in this way: “To conceive of facts in terms of a rule, and of a concrete rule in terms of a general rule, it is necessary to put aside the particularities of that which is given. Application of law is not possible without simplification of the information. ”Ibid. block 212, which refers in this passage to Sauer, Grundlagen des Prozessrechts.
7 civil law, “private law.” is the branch of law that deals with the relationships between private individuals who confront each other on equal standing. The Romans designated these proceedings as iudicia privata, as opposed to iudicia publica, which were designed to prosecute criminal conducts. For a general reference to the Roman law of civil procedure see Kaser, Roman private law., 390-434.
8 Scholten was aware of the delicacy of the preliminary setting process necessary to reach a judgment: “in the multiplicity of phenomena that gave rise to a lawsuit, the judge searches for the facts which are relevant for his judgment. Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 467.
9 “dicere.”
10 This is in sharp contrast with the present necessity of giving the rule “simultaneously with the decision” Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 39. In the early Roman period the proceedings were called “legis actiones,” “the forms of actions which had to respect the instructions of the law of the Twelve Tables.”; later on, however, the proceedings became "per formulas",“i.e. that the parties are to set up their dispute following a template that is agreed upon by them, with the consent of the magistrate, on a case by case basis.” In the formulary procedure the forms of action had become flexible and more capable of adjusting to the complexities of reality.
11 Kaser, Roman private law. 409-410, believes that the pre-classical, “the last two ages BC.” and classical, “the first two and a half ages AD.”,devoted the highest degree of mental energy to the elaboration of theformulas (formulae) that were gathered in the praetorian edict.Roman jurisprudence is an example of methodology to understand reality (the theme of Roman jurisprudence has recently been the subject of an extensive work: Schiavone, Carden, en Shugaar, The invention of law in the West.). The law was extracted from the solutions to real life problems that were worth to be valorized beyond the individual case. It might be that it was also this peculiar Roman experience that inspired Scholten when he wrote that “it is the task of the jurist to analyze which aspects of the judgment can stand generalization and will therefore also be important in other cases, and which aspects must be seen as purely individual.“ Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 477. This approach of Roman law was the product of a severe custom, which demanded that, in order to have legal significance, and therefore be worthy of consideration by the entire community, the facts had to be framed into precise forms. The history of Roman law can be seen as a gradual process through which, moving from templates in which reality was rigidly imprisoned, new legal frames have gradually emerged in order to address the complexity of reality to the best possible extent. This was done by drawing up new templates and adapting old ones.
12 “sententia.”
13 It must be said that next to the iudex, “appointed by the magistrate to decide between parties standing on neatly opposed positions because of the chosen formula, leaving no space for ambiguity.” there was the option of the arbiter “appointed by the magistrate to reach a settlement between parties that were not standing on neatly opposed positions, employing a considerable amount of discretion.” (the iudex decided iudicia, the arbiter decided arbitria). Cicero noted that the iudicia were firm, while arbitria were flexible. The firmness derived from the rigidity of the alternative true-false that characterized the iudicia.
14 “litis contestatio.”, which had two effects: bind the parties to accept the judgment and preclude a second decision “iudicium.”on the same issue.
15 This is what I believe was Scholten thinking when he wrote that “A legal decision is never purely individual, as opposed to a moral judgment. Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 476. The incompatibility between the law and the individualistic dimension is explained in clear terms in Villey, Le droit et les droits de l’homme.
16 The sons of Constantine ordered in 342 A.D. that the formulas, that with their entrapping words posed a threat to the judicial proceedings, must be eradicated (“Iuris formulae aucupatione syllabarum insidiantes cunctorum actibus radicitus amputentur” Codex Justinianus, Code of Justinian.
17 Diocese of Madison, “Explanations of the Grounds of Nullity.”: “The groom's parents were divorced when he was very young. Both his parents have since been married several times, with each marriage ending in divorce. All of his aunts, uncles, siblings, and close friends have been married several times to several different people. In his mind, marriage can end whenever the spouses are ready to move on, and he has never really considered the possibility of an indissoluble marriage. When he promises to stay with his wife "until death do us part," he thinks it is just a nice figure of speech” (Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.).
18 For example: “The bride and groom agree before the wedding that they will never have any children under any circumstance. They consistently use contraception throughout the course of their marriage. When they conceive a child despite using contraception, they choose to have an abortion”.Ibid.
19 “The doctrine that reduces all law to commands, would never have gained such an acceptance if people had also taken private law into account, and not just penal law”. Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 85.
20 “[T]here is an authority here, which must be respected, not one, which requires unconditional surrender” Ibid. block 169.
21 Words should be used, not suffered as something that imposes itself at all cost. The problem of word’s significance is the same as Scholten describes with regard to written law: “he has to respect the authority of the written law, and of the words, but that in the end these words are nothing other than a tool. Ibid. block 166.
22 The law is to be found in the features of the case, “in causa ius esse positum.”
23 Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 39.
24 D.9.2.52.2 Alf. 2 dig. see for explanation nt. 2.
25 Alfenus, “was a Republican Roman jurist who lived during the first century B.C.”
26 “Tout comprendere c’est tout pardonner” Tolstoy, War and Peace, 117. (see answer to reviewers for the little adjustment which was made here)
27 Most of the time the facts of the cases are neglected. Even the best descriptions are incomplete. It is often very difficult for the scholars to formulate a sound opinion of a case without having access to all the procedural documents.
28 The formulas could be considered as a special type of rules.
29 For a general overview of the rational underpinnings of the legal experience see Beduschi, Tipicità e diritto.
30 Paulus, “Julius Paulus (fl. 222–235 AD), Roman jurist.” wrote a conclusive explanation on this point: “a rule is something which briefly describes how a thing is; the law may not be derived from a rule, but a rule must arise from the law as it is; by means of a rule, therefore, a brief description of things is handed down.” (D.50.17.1 Paul. 16 ad Plaut.: regula est, quae rem quae est breviter enarrat. Non ex regula ius sumatur, sed ex iure quod est regula fiat. Per regulam igitur brevis narratio traditur...). This passage was the gist of Gardini, “Damnum Iniuria Datum and the Law of Torts: From Cases to Rules.”, 83-94.
31 Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 469.
32 Ibid. nt. 55.
33 “prudens.”
34 I could not come up with a better description of the quality of the good jurist than the one given by Scholten: “It is not unjust that in the end the ideal judge is not the one who is sharp witted or learned, but the one who is wise” Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 528.
35 See footnote 2.
36 “Marcus Antistius Labeo (d. 10 or 11 AD) was an ancient Roman jurist.”
37 “custodia.” The latin word custodia cannot be easily translated. The word expressed a criterion to apportion liability that mainly suggested that the borrower should be held accountable for ordinary theft even in the absence of fault.
38 D.13.6.5.14 Ulp. 28 ad ed.: Si de me petisses, ut triclinium tibi sternerem et argentum ad ministerium praeberem, et fecero, deinde petisses, ut idem sequenti die facerem et cum commode argentum domi referre non possem, ibi hoc reliquero et perierit: qua actione agi possit et cuius esset periculum? Labeo de periculo scripsit multum interesse, custodem posui an non: si posui, ad me periculum spectare, si minus, ad eum penes quem relictum est. ego puto commodati quidem agendum, verum custodiam eum praestare debere, penes quem res relictae sunt, nisi aliud nominatim convenit. For some references on this fragment see Gardini, “Damnum Iniuria Datum and the Law of Torts: From Cases to Rules.”, 155-172.
39 “perierit.”.
40 “Res perit domino.”
41 The expression “sternere and ministerium praebere could imply a request to prepare the room for the banquet
42 “commodatum.”
43 Actio commodati.
44 “periculum.”
45 “Gaius (floruit AD 130–180) was a celebrated Roman jurist.”
46 “restricting the liability only to the willful conduct of the borrower.”
47 “asking the judge to adjudicate the recovery of any loss suffered on the basis of what was considered to be fair.”
48 “Iudicium ex fide bona.”
49 “Iudicium strictum.”
50 See Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 472.
51 “The Digest, also known as the Pandects (Latin: Digesta seu Pandectae), is a name given to a compendium or digest of Roman law compiled by order of the emperor Justinian I in the 6th century (AD 530-533).”
52 “iudex.”
53 “regula.” What is meant is defined by Google translate as: “a straight strip or cylinder of plastic, wood, metal, or other rigid material, typically marked at regular intervals, to draw straight lines or measure distances.”
54 Scholten has perfectly expressed this fundamental quality of the rules by saying that “The rules, which the judge uses, are auxiliary, they are not decisive. The case can be of such a nature, that despite the rule, a conclusion is accepted which is opposite to that which one would have expected according to the rule.” Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 38. In block 473, the same point is made even more clearly: “the rule transforms by itself, application is formation of law and therefore this formation is partly happening on the basis of the case.
55 According to an authoritative opinion, echoed by Schulz and thoroughly developed by Viehweg, Topik und Jurisprudenz. Ein Beitrag zur rechtswissenschaftlichen Grundlagenforschung., in chapter 4, “Topik und ius civile” the classical jurists should have adopted the Aristotelian dialectical technique. Actually Schulz, Principles of Roman Law,. devotes an extensive coverage to the subject (Part. II, Chapter III, II, "Dialectical jurisprudence"), but acknowledges that the jurists had adopted the dialectical system, but mainly for illustrative purposes, and not to decide the cases, where they made reference to their traditional costume. In fact, if we look at the experience of procedural actiones, as it is done in this paper, a continuity comes to light that brings us back to the time of the Twelve Tables (“According to Roman tradition, the Law of the Twelve Tables (Latin: Leges Duodecim Tabularum or Duodecim Tabulae) was the ancient legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law.”) and therefore, if anything, to the influence the Eleatic School (“The Eleatics were a pre-Socratic school of philosophy founded by Parmenides in the early fifth century BC in the ancient town of Elea. Other members of the school included Zeno of Elea and Melissus of Samos.  enophanes is sometimes included in the list, though there is some dispute over this. Elea, whose modern-day appellation is Velia, was a Greek colony located in present-day Campania in southern Italy.”). The absoluteness of the assumptions that characterize the ancient actiones, on which the structure of contractual relationships had been modeled, is undeniably the result of an attitude that required the adoption of a rigorous conception of being. This is not to exclude but, rather, to openly acknowledge that the contact with Greek philosophy of the Socratic tradition has helped to soften the rigidity of Roman law. Unlike Schulz, Viehweg believes that the dialectical method has instead influenced the Roman jurists in making the search for solutions more flexible. The references to Aristotle made by Viehweg appear so interesting, that it would be important to deepen them, not so much in the historical perspective, which would reduce the study of the influence of Greek philosophy to mere erudition, but in a philosophical perspective, in order to see if indeed the works of Aristotle offer elements to clarify the technique adopted by the Roman jurisprudence.
56 Cass. 1703/2000 (z.d.).
57 Cass. 42219/2005 (z.d.).
58 Frank, “Vorstellung Und Wille in Der Modernen Doluslehre.”, 170.
59 See. Cass. 13/1983 (z.d.).
60 “a Roman jurist who lived between the first and second centuries A.D.”
61 Cels. 9 dig. D.16.3.32: Quod Nerva diceret latiorem culpam dolum esse, Proculo displicebat, mihi verissimum videtur. nam et si quis non ad eum modum quem hominum natura desiderat diligens est, nisi tamen ad suum modum curam in deposito praestat, fraude non caret: nec enim salva fide minorem is quam suis rebus diligentiam praestabit. On this famous fragment one of the last researches is Agnati, Il commento di Bartolo di Sassoferrato alla lex quod Nerva (D. 16,3,32).; see also, of the same author Agnati, “Responsabilità del depositario e del debitore. D.16.3.32 (Lex quod Nerva) nelle interpretazioni di Azzone e Accursio.”
62 “Consul before 24 AD. Jurist, frequently mentioned by other jurists of the classical period.”
63 willful misconduct’, “dolum.”
64 “Proculus was the name of an ancient Roman jurist, around 50 A.D.”
65 “verissimum.”
66 As for the ‘loan for use’ , for the depositthe formula in factum was in time followed by a formula in ius, where the judge was free to take into account all the circumstances of the case, that were to be judged according to good faith.
67 Vigano, “Fuga spericolata in autostrada e incidente con esito letale: un’ipotesi di dolo eventuale?”F. Viganò, Fuga spericolata in autostrada e incidente con esito letale: un'ipotesi di dolo eventuale?, Corriere del merito, fasc. 1, 2005, p. 70 ss.
68 I personally wrote to one of the two lawyers who assisted Abdellah. I asked him: don’t you agree that your client had to experience the harshest consequences for emotional reasons? How did he react to the judgment? Mr. Raffaele Ronchi answered that both he and Mrs. Millemaci (the other attorney) felt sorry for him, even if defending him had been difficult, because they could not help but empathizing with the family of the little Nicolò.
69 A little over one year for three levels of decisions is quite fast in Italy. It looks like the judges oriented the facts so that they could justify a charge that allowed a severe sentence. It is a situation that reminds of the story told by Hermann Isay, where the judges let themselves be guided by their aversion: “they had a clear decision immediately in mind, they later collected the reasons for it. Scholten, “General Method of Private Law.” block 518.
70 Bar, “ZStW.”, 510.
71 For a thorough analysis of the “Stamina case”, see Bassi, Le Pubbliche Amministrazioni e il loro diritto, Elementi di diritto amministrativo sostanziale, 323–331.
72 The Italian Drug Agency.
73 The correctness of the ordinance was challenged before the Administrative Court (TAR, Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale). The request for a stay of the AIFA prohibition was refused because the order was considered properly issued.
74 For example, Venezia, Catania, Matera etc.
76 For ‘principles’ here I mean directives of higher level that, unlike the rules, are not susceptible of direct application. Here I find myself once more in perfect agreement with Paul Scholten: “A legal principle is not a legal rule. Were it a rule, it would be so general, that it would either say nothing or too much. Direct application through subsuming a case under a principle is not possible, for this the principle must firstly turn into a rule by adding a more concrete content. Ibid. block 252.
77 It is widely accepted that, in continental Europe, we show a tendency of escaping from facts as soon as possible because we feel a “systematic urgency”, a need to systematize as soon as possible: “As long as we are confronted with something we sense more or less vaguely, but do not see clearly, we are not yet completely convinced” (Ibid. block 241). This attitude has historical reasons, but I believe it is a tendency inherent to human behavior. The obstacle to move back and forth from abstract narration to the factual narration could be explained at an emotional level: when, after having heard part of “the story of the case” and while in one’s mind an intellectual thread is already starting to develop, new unbalancing factual details arise (which do not fit into the mental design built so far), there will be the temptation to discard them.
78 Ibid. block 19. In the territory where the guidance of rationality is of no help, the judge and the parties (in the preparation of the case and in the acceptance of the judgment), can resort only to another kind of guidance. Ibid. block 530. Among the two forms of help envisaged by Scholten, I would share his personal preference –if I am not mistaken- for the “Person in Creation and History.
This article is presented at the second Symposium in honor of Paul Scholten. A small adjustment has been made in par. 4 as a result of the review of C.E. Smith
Luca Nogler
The quality of the contribution The article provides interesting information about the Roman formulary procedure, analyses the potential impact of emotions in Roman civil law and advances an original idea about how Roman legal reasoning could currently influence the general method of private law. The author’s commendable choice to review two contemporary cases (the El Aofir and the Stamina cases) both illustrative of The role of emotions in law, assists this outcom. These cases, as the author compellingly argues - are emblematic in demonstrating how difficult it is, in the absence of a rigorous and shared context for the case, to separate law from individualities, with the result that the concrete decisions tend to be founded on grounds that are “other than intellectual ones”. Therefore the submitted article conforms without any doubt to the technical and scientific standards suited for the specific type of the contribution.
The relation between the article and the research question Marco Gardini’s article is founded on the same premise as argued by Paul Scholten: “it is an illusion” that the legislator “has sufficiently regulated the subject-matter on which he is focusing”. As Gardini explains, “the primary element of legal experience is to be found in the process of setting and solving problems posed by real situation”. These issues may present a combination of interests which have not been taken into account by the lawmakers and precisely for this reason, to use Scholten’s words again, – “ [it] is “not always easy” [to] extrapolate the rule from the law”, In such cases the court must strive to establish cooperation between reason and emotion. From this perspective, Gardini’s essay contributes to the research question. It shows how the Roman law formulary procedure identifies in advance the importance of emotions, thus helping to channel their impact on the Court’s decision-making process. This has the effect of avoiding the disruptive force of emotions. The modern challenge thus lies in managing to reinstate the setting phase of the dispute. Recommendations for improving the article The essay identifies an issue in contemporary law very well. From that point of view, there is no necessity for me to formulate any recommendations. If anything, I could wish that the author would submit another article in the future, dealing with how this fundamental problem might be resolved.
Carel Smith
-the quality of the contribution. The article definitely conforms to the technical and scientific standards for this type of contribution. I am not an expert in Roman Law, and even less than that, so I cannot judge whether or not his interesting argument—that the formulas in Roman Law served as an impediment for individual (or collective) emotion—is correct or new, but at least I found it convincingly stated. As to the connection with Scholten’s work, I think this connection is rather thin. The author could leave Scholten out of the article, and it would still be the same article with the same arguments. But that doesn’t change, of course, the quality of the article as such. -the relation between the article and the research question. Yes. A minor remark: in the abstract the author states that this paper investigates the struggle between individual emotion and rationality, but at least the El Aofir case is an example, not of individual emotion, but collective emotion that might have directed the decision. Does the author hold his conclusion also for the struggle between collective emotion and rationality? -recommendations for improvement of the article. Again a minor remark: on p. 4 the author states that, if the law depends on the facts, it should follow that the more facts are taken into consideration, the more accurate the decision becomes. I don’t see that this follows from the proposition. One can also understand the proposition the other way round: that without facts it is impossible to say what is law (justice). Rather than stating that from this proposition follows &c., the author could state: One shouldn’t infer from this proposition that the more facts are taken into consideration &c.
author's response
Answer by Marco Gardini to his reviewers First of all I would like to thank both reviewers for the comments and suggestions given on my paper. I will try to act in accordance with the encouragement given by Luca Nogler. With regard to the first remark made by Carel Smith I would only like to point out that, in the scope of the paper, collective emotions are important because they tend to have the strongest impact on the individual emotions of the judge, who, when he finds himself alone, will be inclined to bend to them. I have decided to accept the second remark because it captures more clearly what I intended to convey when I wrote «This is however only partially true». I would therefore change the text in paragraph 4 as suggested: «One, however, shouldn’t infer from this proposition that the more facts are taken into consideration, the more accurate the decision becomes. From a disorderly or excessive amount of factual details...».
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The Wind in the Willows By Kenneth Grahame
Kenneth GrahameJun 2014
Switch to the audiobook
The Mole had been working very hard all the morning, spring-cleaning his little home. First with brooms, then with dusters; then on ladders and steps and chairs, with a brush and a pail of whitewash; till he had dust in his throat and eyes, and splashes of whitewash all over his black fur, and an aching back and weary arms. Spring was moving in the air above and in the earth below and around him, penetrating even his dark and lowly little house with its spirit of divine discontent and longing. It was small wonder, then, that he suddenly flung down his brush on the floor, said 'Bother!' and 'O blow!' and also 'Hang spring-cleaning!' and bolted out of the house without even waiting to put on his coat. Something up above was calling him imperiously, and he made for the steep little tunnel which answered in his case to the gavelled carriage-drive owned by animals whose residences are nearer to the sun and air. So he scraped and scratched and scrabbled and scrooged and then he scrooged again and scrabbled and scratched and scraped, working busily with his little paws and muttering to himself, 'Up we go! Up we go!' till at last, pop! His snout came out into the sunlight, and he found himself rolling in the warm grass of a great meadow.
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Take a lighthearted, nostalgic trip to a simpler time, seen through the eyes of a very special boy named Tom Sawyer. It is a dreamlike summertime world of hooky and adventure, pranks and punishment, villains and first love, filled with memorable characters. Adults and young readers alike continue to enjoy this delightful classic of the promise and dreams of youth from one of America’s most beloved authors.
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TripleSpot – Available Today on the Apple App Store
Posted on September 22, 2020 (September 22, 2020) by admin
[prMac.com] San Francisco, California – TripleSpot, a new storytelling mobile app for travelers, launched on the Apple App Store today. The free app features user-generated content that encourages people to pursue their passion points by discovering cool activities, planning upcoming trips, and in turn, helping others follow in their path.
More and more, people are turning to mobile devices as a sort of guidebook – whether attempting to discover a new local treasure or planning an epic adventure in a different place. With the new TripleSpot app, users, or TripleSpotters, tell their stories through three elements: a physical location, an image and a description of the experience.
“We were inspired to create TripleSpot to create a tool that would enhance the experience of getting out and doing new and interesting things. The app takes users beyond just reviewing businesses or sitting back to look at photos,” said David Hu, Marketing Manager for TripleSpot. “With TripleSpot, users can capture stories in the moment that can then be saved, returned to and shared with friends.”
TripleSpot’s members can create “Spots” or “Lists” that are organized into twelve different categories, such as “Get Outside,” “Do Good” and “Hear Music” making it easy for others to find great activities based on interests.
There are three primary actions that TripleSpotters can use:
* Capture Spots by uploading a photo, tagging it to a specific location, and sharing a personal story
* Create Lists by grouping Spots based on themes, locations, dates of travel, or categories that can be shared and saved
* Search for Spots nearby, in a specific location, or within categories of interest
As new TripleSpotters participate, the app will continue to evolve based on the community’s activity and preferences. As the community grows and more spots are created, the app will become more customized to each user’s personality and interests.
TripleSpot is available for free on the Apple App Store. The Android version will be available in Fall 2013.
* iPhone 3GS, 4, 4S and iPhone 5, iPod touch (3rd, 4th and 5th gen) and iPad
* This app is optimized for iPhone 5
TripleSpot 1.1 is Free and available worldwide exclusively through the App Store in the Travel category.TripleSpot 1.1
Located in San Francisco, California, TripleSpot is a mobile application that helps its users capture, organize and discover new experiences, resulting in a personalized social guidebook. Each TripleSpot “Spot” is created entirely by users and tells a unique story through three elements: a physical location, an image and a description of the experience. TripleSpot is available through the Apple App Store and the Android version will be available in Fall 2013. Copyright (C) 2013 TripleSpot. All Rights Reserved. Apple, the Apple logo, iPhone, iPad, iPad mini, iPod touch, and Mac are registered trademarks of Apple Inc. in the U.S. and/or other countries. Other trademarks and registered trademarks may be the property of their respective owners.
###Brian Collins
Appency for TripleSpot
Crowd Sourcing is TourPal’s Secret Weapon to Conquer Travel Apps WorldNew Firefighting Game FireFight Features Awesome Sound and Graphics
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Billiard Congress Of America To Manage Billiard Education Foundation
This article posted by Paul on October 14, 2018 | Share on Facebook! | Tweet This
Superior, Colo., – October 12, 2018. – The Billiard Congress of America today announced it has reached an agreement with the Billiard Education Foundation’s Board of Trustees to assume oversight and day-to-day management of the organization.
The Billiard Education Foundation, formed in 1993 as a non-profit charity, is committed to promoting a lifelong love of pool and building the next generation of players through youth programs and academic scholarships.
Key programs of the BEF include the annual BEF Junior National 9-Ball Championships, annual Junior State Championships, annual selection and support of juniors competing in the WPA World Junior 9-Ball Championships, academic scholarship and awards, Pool in School programming and curriculum development, and junior instruction in partnership with the Professional Billiard Instructors Association.
“After teaming up to produce the BEF Junior Nationals, Atlantic Challenge Cup and Break and Run Junior Premier Instructional Program, it is evident a partnership is the best way to promote the game to a new generation of players,” said Billiard Congress of America Chairman Brian Igielski. “I’d like to thank the Billiard Education Foundation’s Board of Trustees and Billiard Congress of America’s Board of Directors for their support in making junior pool a priority. We look forward to making the most of the support our industry is demonstrating for junior programs.”
“This partnership is a great addition to the ever-growing support we are dedicated to providing junior players and their parents,” said Billiard Education Foundation President Tom Riccobene. “In the foundation’s 30th anniversary year, throughout America more teachers and coaches than ever now recognize that playing pool promotes positive growth in social, cognitive and physical skills. On behalf of these professionals, as well as our fantastic group of volunteers and trustees, we want to thank the Billiard Congress of America for their commitment to help us promote, operate and grow our junior programs.”
About the Billiard Congress of America
Founded in 1948, the Billiard Congress of America is a non-profit trade organization dedicated to growing a united, prosperous and highly regarded billiard industry through BCA leadership. The BCA seeks to enhance the success of its members and promote the game of billiards though educational, marketing and promotional efforts, annual industry trade shows, tournaments and other programs designed to encourage billiards as a lifestyle and make pool everybody’s game. For more information, visit bca-pool.com.
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Home > Document > Course Accreditation Policy
Course Accreditation Policy
Australian Qualifications Framework
Academic Governance
University Course Planning Committee
University Research Committee
Curriculum, Learning and Teaching Committee
Courses Committees of Faculty Boards
Faculty Research Committees
Course Committees
Course Advisory Process
Approval of Courses
Course Structures
Standard Subject
Subject Levels in Postgraduate Courses
Requirements of the Constituent Courses
Duration and Point Value
Equivalent Components
Variations to Requirements in Double Degree Programs
Courses Offered Only Within Double Degree Programs
Nested Courses
With Multiple Entry Points
With Single Entry Points
Credit in Nested Courses
Higher Degree Programs
Shell Courses
Shell Courses as Constituent Courses in Double Degree Programs
Selection of Subjects
Specialisations in Shell Courses
Standard Shell Courses
Shell Courses in Double Degree Programs
Example 1: Standard generic course
Example 2: Standard specialisation in shell course
Example 3: Shell course as constituent in double degree programs
Example 4: Specialisation for identified cohort in shell course
Exit Point and Exit Point Only Courses
Review and Modification of Courses
Major and Minor Modifications to Courses
Phase Out of a Course, Specialisation, Major or Mode and/or Location
Advertising of Courses
Inclusion in UAC/VTAC Guides
Inclusion in the University Handbook
Inclusion in other Promotional Literature
Correct Course Nomenclature
Approval of Fields of Research
Fields of Research (as defined by the Australian Research Council)
Field of Research Approval
This is not a current document. It has been repealed and is no longer in force.
(1) This Policy explains the processes for the approval and review of awards, courses and fields of research within the Charles Sturt University (the University). The Policy objectives which underlie these processes are as follows:
to ensure the development of courses which:
are of high academic standard and which meet the needs of relevant professions or industry groups; and
fit the University's planning profile;
to ensure that existing courses continue to meet these objectives; and
to ensure that consistency with academic policies is maintained across courses concerning nomenclature and structure.
(2) A Glossary of Terms can be found in the CSU Policy Library.
(3) The Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) is the national policy for regulated qualifications in the Australian education and training system.
(4) The AQF provides descriptors for each qualification level. The descriptors define the qualifications in terms of:
the characteristics of learning outcomes;
the authority for those learning outcomes; and
pathways to the qualification.
(5) Detailed descriptions of each qualification level may be found on the Australian Qualifications Framework website. Courses at the University are expected to comply with AQF guidelines, attested to by the approval of a course or modification/review of a course by the Academic Senate Course Accreditation Policy and processes.
Note: the University’s academic governance and committee structure has been revised. See Delegation Schedule 09 - Academic and Course Delegations, clauses (8)-(10) of the Course and Subject Policy, and the Academic Senate committee structure for further information.
(6) Under the Charles Sturt University Act 1989 No 76, the University Council is, in controlling and managing the affairs and concerns of the University:
to oversee the academic activities of the University. (19(1B)(c)),
and may, for and on behalf of the University in the exercise of the University's functions:
provide such courses and confer such degrees and award such diplomas and other certificates, as it thinks fit. (19(1)(a)).
(7) The University Course Planning Committee was established by the Vice-Chancellor to "assist in the planning and management of the University". With respect to the approval of awards and courses, the Committee:
determines their compatibility with the University's mission statement and educational profile;
reviews evidence of their need and demand;
evaluates their resource implications, including availability of required staff;
determines their priority and date of introduction; and
allocates load.
(8) The Academic Senate is the principal academic body of the University. As such, the Academic Senate ensures on behalf of the University Council that:
the structure and requirements of each course are consistent with the award to which it leads;
the depth of content and standard of assessment of each course is appropriate to the award to which it leads;
the methods of course delivery are appropriate in achieving the purpose of the course; and
the course and the award to which it leads are consistent with the Australian Qualifications Framework.
(9) In the case of undergraduate courses, postgraduate coursework courses and coursework professional doctorates, this work is carried out by the Faculty Courses Committees of Academic Senate, and reported to Academic Senate annually.
(10) The University Research Committee is responsible for overseeing, and advising the Academic Senate on, the accreditation of research higher degree courses and research professional doctorates. In particular, the University Research Committee is responsible for the final approval of all higher degree research program proposals and research professional doctorate proposals emanating from the Faculties and recommends changes to the Academic Senate policy on course accreditation.
(11) The Curriculum, Learning and Teaching Committee has delegated authority from Academic Senate for oversight of all academic policy and outcomes relating to curriculum, learning and teaching. In particular, the Curriculum, Learning and Teaching Committee provides advice to the Academic Senate on all proposed changes to curriculum, learning and teaching academic policy, and has particular responsibility for recommending changes to the Academic Senate's policy on course accreditation .
(12) The Faculty Boards for the Faculties of the University have delegated authority for the oversight of implementation of the policies of the Academic Senate, including this Policy.
(13) Faculty Boards have specific course-related roles, to be found in their terms of reference.
(14) The Faculty Courses Committees, as committees of the Academic Senate, approve all course documentation except master by research programs and research doctoral programs.
(15) The role of the Faculty Courses Committees for each Faculty Board is to:
accredit and oversee additions and deletions to the course profile for the Faculty; and
approve all proposals for new or revised courses submitted for accreditation, following any required University Course Planning Committee approval.
(16) Faculty Research and Higher Degree Committees may be used by Faculties to consider and make recommendations to the Faculty with respect to the approval of new and revised research courses proposed by the several Schools of the Faculty.
(17) School Boards are the principal academic body of each School. School Boards consider and make recommendations to the Faculty Board and Faculty Courses Committees with respect to all matters relating to the subjects taught by the School and with respect to general matters relating to courses.
(18) A Course Committee may be established for each course or group of courses to advise the Faculty Board (or, for shared courses, Faculty Boards) through the Board's Faculty Courses Committees on the development and academic administration of the course or courses for which it is responsible.
(19) To ensure that the academic standing of courses remains high. To this end, the advisory process chosen for the development and review of a particular course or courses will be one that assists in ensuring that:
the course is current and constitutes an intellectually challenging and stimulating learning experience;
the course has clear and appropriate aims and objectives;
the course content, including teaching and learning experiences and assessment strategies, is at an appropriate level and is consistent with the aims and objectives of the course; and
the teaching methods are appropriate for the course.
(20) To ensure that courses remain relevant to the professions and industries they serve. To this end, the advisory process chosen for a particular course or courses will be one that can provide an awareness of:
the changing needs of the community;
the industry/professional reputation of the course;
the changing focus of those professions and industries; and
existing, emerging and potential markets.
(21) The minimum requirements of the Policy are that, for every course, there must be:
an identified advisory process in place;
experts from outside the University included in that process; and
records of all aspects of the process.
(22) The advisory process chosen may be one that includes a number of courses or be specific to a particular course.
(23) The advisory process chosen may also:
provide avenues for community input into the enhancement and further development of courses;
encourage recognition of courses by relevant bodies; and
assist in promotion of courses.
(24) It is the responsibility of the Faculty to ensure that the advisory process chosen for each course meets the minimum requirements of the Policy and that in the advisory process overall there is the expertise to address all of the objectives of the Policy.
(25) Where a course includes specialisations, and a particular specialisation is being added to a course or is being reviewed individually, the advisory process requirements apply for that specialisation.
(26) The records of the advisory process for a particular course will be kept by the Faculty, according to its own internal processes.
(27) The details of the advisory process employed for a particular course will be set out in the Course and Subject Information Management System (CASIMS) course documentation for the course.
(28) This section applies to award courses of the University.
(29) For each level of award offered by the University there is a standard course structure. A standard course may be specified in terms of: the number of points required to complete the course; or the number of standard subjects or their equivalent required to complete the course. Variation to these structures is permitted, but should be justified in the Course and Subject Information Management System (CASIMS) course documentation, and be within the boundaries set by the Australian Qualifications Framework for each course type.
(30) Charles Sturt University courses follow the Australian Qualifications Framework guidelines for duration, and a standard undergraduate full-time Charles Sturt University course is defined as 64 points of study in a year, or 8 standard subjects.
(31) A standard subject is an 8 point subject taught over one session. An equivalent standard subject may be a half standard subject or a subject whose point value is a multiple of eight. Examples include:
half standard subject 4 points;
double standard subject 16 points; and
quadruple standard subject 32 points.
(32) Prior to 2006, University policy on subject levels in postgraduate courses specified only that an identified proportion of undergraduate subjects may be included in graduate certificate (100 per cent), graduate diploma (50 per cent) and master degree (25 per cent) courses. These proportions have been replaced by the requirements set out below.
(33) Under the new Australian Qualifications Framework, there is no set amount of undergraduate study that is permitted within a postgraduate degree. However normally it would be considered inappropriate to include postgraduate study within an undergraduate degree. The AQF has published guidelines on this topic, which should be consulted when designing courses at Charles Sturt University. In each case the Faculty needs to have a clearly articulated rationale for its choice of subjects in a particular course design.
(34) There are two types of double degree.
Type 1 - A program which combines all of the components of two separate bachelor degree courses (each referred to in this context as a constituent course) into a single program such that the overall duration of the program is shorter than the sum of the constituent courses whilst still meeting all of the requirements of each of those constituent courses. Students completing a double degree program graduate with a separate award for each of the constituent courses in the double degree program.
Type 2 - A degree leading to only one award, but which meets the requirements of two separate degree areas. Students completing this type of double degree receive a single testamur with a double nomenclature e.g. Bachelor of Sports Science/Bachelor of Teaching.
(35) Type 2 Double Degree Rules
Students enrolled in a Type 2 double degree may not exit with only one of the degrees, although may transfer to one of the constituent degrees where they exist separately as a standalone course. In such cases credit granted will be mindful of any differences between the course in the double degree, and as a standalone course;
Advertising & Course Information - Type 2 double degrees shall be clearly distinguished in course information and advertising from Type 1 double degrees;
Course requirements - there are no constituent courses in a Type 2 double degree. However the course shall allow students to meet the requirements of both degrees in the course nomenclature, as if they were independent award; and
Equivalence - a Type 2 double degree may be constructed in such a way that there is overlap between the two degree areas. This would allow a reduction in learning required by the student, and thus of course duration.
(36) Clauses 37-52 refer only to Type 1 double degrees.
(37) The primary rule for a Type 1 double degree program is that all of the requirements of each of the constituent courses must be met. This means that, in a specific double degree program, every component of each of the constituent courses must be able to be found. Course components include one or more core subjects, any elective sequences (i.e., sets of specialisations, majors, minors or, for the Bachelor of Business and Bachelor of Accounting courses, joint studies) and restricted elective or unrestricted elective options.
(38) For each component, this is achieved through either:
the inclusion of that component of a constituent course in the double degree program exactly as it is in the constituent course; OR
the identification, for the component in a constituent course, of an equivalent of that component in a component of the other constituent course, and the inclusion of that equivalent component from the other constituent course in the double degree program so that it serves to meet this requirement for both constituent courses.
(39) There is no prescribed duration or point value for a Type 1 double degree program. Whilst the most common model is a four-year, 256 point (32 standard subjects) double degree program based on two three-year degree programs, the duration and point value of a specific double degree program is determined by those reductions in time and point value made possible by the presence of common subjects (i.e., the same subject is part of both constituent courses), identification of equivalent subjects or components, and/or genuine overlap of components.
(40) Thus, for example, the common features and/or equivalences for a specific double degree program may mean that that program comprises 248 points (31 standard subjects) and be of four year's duration, with one session in the program containing three subjects instead of four.
(41) Where a constituent course has specialisations, and some of these specialisations overlap more than do others with the components of the other constituent degree, students undertaking the more overlapping specialisations in the double degree program will be required to complete fewer points than those undertaking the other specialisations. This is because the corollary to the rule that all requirements of both constituent courses must be met is that no student in a double degree program can be required to undertake more than is required by the course requirements of each of the constituent courses.
(42) The identification, for components of one constituent course, of equivalents in components of the other constituent course relates to how specific the components of each constituent course are (and, in particular, whether individual subjects are specified in a component), and to the purposes for which each component is included in the course (for individual subjects that are core components of a course, this will also relate to the aims and objectives of the subject and to the level of the subject).
(43) Equivalence for each type of component may be met as follows:
Core subject(s) - either an equivalent subject, or a number of subjects which together meet the aims and objectives of the core subject, in the other course must be identified. Where a core subject is a practicum subject, its equivalent in the other constituent course would also need to be a practicum subject, such that the practicum subject being included in the double degree program also serves to meet the requirements (aims and objectives, level, proportion of the course it represents, etc.) of the practicum subject that is not being included.
An elective sequence component (i.e., a set of specialisations, majors, minors or (in the Bachelor of Business and Bachelor of Accounting) joint studies) - equivalence is possible either when some of the subjects in an elective sequence component in one constituent course are not specified by code/title or when the discipline areas only (rather than specific subjects) for an elective sequence component are specified, and there are subjects in the other constituent course that meet the specifications (subject or discipline area) of the elective sequence component. Where subjects in an elective sequence component are specified, these subjects would either have to also be offered in the other constituent course (i.e., they are common subjects, not equivalences) or specific subject equivalence would have to be identified as for core subjects above. See also clauses 45-48 on minors.
Restricted elective(s) - where these subjects are specifically identified in a constituent course, the same conditions for equivalence apply as for a core subject. Where the discipline area(s) only of the restricted elective(s) have been specified, then sufficient subjects in the other course in one or more of those discipline areas must be able to be identified to enable the requirements for number and type of restricted elective to be able to be met.
Unrestricted elective(s) - any subject in the other constituent course will meet this requirement.
(44) Where equivalent subjects or components are identified for inclusion in a double degree program, any student who is enrolled separately in one of the constituent degree courses, and who has already completed that equivalent subject or component instead of the prescribed subject or component in their course, must be entitled to credit for that subject.
(45) For any component of one of the constituent courses of a Type 1 double degree program, a variation to that component may not be offered in the double degree program that is not also available to students enrolled in the constituent course offered separately. Note: this does not apply to equivalences that have been identified according to the guidelines in clauses 42-44.
(46) The single exception to this rule relates to minors. Where, for a specific double degree program, one component of one of the constituent courses comprises a set of minors, then a minor or choice of minors that is different from those offered in the constituent course may be included in the double degree program (i.e., available only to the students enrolled in that double degree program) provided that these double degree minors are consistent with the aims and objectives of the constituent course. The rationale for this is that it enables a specific double degree to be more effectively tailored to meet an identified need.
(47) Should the Faculty then wish to add one or more of the "double degree only" minors to students enrolled separately in the constituent course, this would need to be done through the standard approval process for the addition of a minor to a course.
(48) On the other hand, a component in a constituent course that includes choices (such as a set of elective sequences or a range of restricted electives) may be included in the double degree program in a more prescriptive form. For example, whereas in a constituent course the student may have a choice of five identified majors, only one of those majors might be available to the double degree student because the subjects in that major also comprise a component of the other constituent course in the double degree program (and so enable a reduction in the overall duration and point value of the program).
(49) A Faculty may choose to offer a course only as a constituent course within one or more specific Type 1 double degree programs. Since the constituent course will still lead to a separate award, it will be required to meet all of the requirements for a bachelor degree course, including fitting within the guidelines of the Australian Qualifications Framework.
(50) Where a course is offered with a generic structure and with a set of specialisations, a Faculty may choose to offer just the generic course as a constituent course within a specified double degree program or programs, provided that the generic course is not also offered as a separate course. In such an instance, students in the separate course would be required to complete one of the specialisations in the course.
(51) See also clauses 66-68 on shell courses for specific requirements in double degree programs.
(52) See below for the documentation and approval processes for double degree programs.
(53) An articulated and/or nested set of courses where one or more of the courses is at a different Australian Qualifications Framework level or is of a different Australian Qualifications Framework type, or is from different sectors (for example vocational and higher education) are called integrated qualifications in the Australian Qualifications Framework.
(54) A nested set of courses with multiple entry points is one in which the student may be admitted to any course in the set depending on the student's academic qualifications at the time of application for admission.
(55) A student who completes or has graduated from a course in a nested set of courses with multiple entry points must apply for admission to another course in the set through the University Admissions Centre (UAC), Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre (VTAC) or the Admissions Office as appropriate (that is, progression to the next course in the sequence is not automatic).
(56) A student who has completed a course in a nested set of courses with multiple entry points in a given session, then applies for admission and is admitted to another course in the next consecutive session, may at the same time apply to graduate with the first award as specified in the Graduation Policy.
(57) A student who chooses to exit a nested course with multiple entry points with an award or whose application for admission to another course in the set is unsuccessful, may graduate with the exit award.
(58) A student who has completed but has not graduated from a course in a nested set of courses with multiple entry points and who withdraws from or is excluded from other courses within the set, may graduate with the completed award.
(59) A nested set of courses with a single entry point is one in which the student is admitted to the last course in the articulated sequence on the understanding that the student may exit with an earlier award in the sequence. In such cases the student must reapply for admission through the University Admissions Centre (UAC), Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre (VTAC) or the Admissions Office as appropriate, should the student wish to complete the final course in the articulated sequence at a later date.
(60) A student in a nested course with a single entry point, but which offers exit points, who has completed an earlier course in the sequence, may apply to graduate from that course as specified in the Graduation Policy and at the same time continue on in the last course in the sequence, to which they were admitted.
(61) Nesting allows credit to be granted in the final course of an articulated sequence for the entire sequence of earlier courses within the articulated set. For courses not in an articulation arrangement credit limits will apply, as described in the credit regulations.
(62) For this reason any nested set must be designed to allow for learning equivalent to two or more degrees to be completed, according to the Australian Qualifications Framework requirement that each completed degree must be able to stand alone, in meeting the Australian Qualifications Framework requirements for that degree.
(63) The critical requirement in designing any nested set of courses is that each course in the set must satisfy Australian Qualifications Framework requirements for that course type. So for example in a nested set comprising a Graduate Certificate, Graduate Diploma and Master, the Australian Qualifications Framework requirements for each of these course types must be met, within the individual courses in the set, including consideration of any credit from other courses in the set.
(64) The Australian Qualifications Framework guidelines for higher degree types should be consulted for detailed information regarding these programs.
(65) A shared course is one which is developed collaboratively between two or more Faculties and in which each of the Faculties contributes to the development, delivery and ongoing review of the course. One Faculty, designated as the "host" Faculty, is responsible for administering the course.
(66) A shell course:
is structured by a number of parameters, which do not normally specify individual subjects;
has a flexible content that is determined by the parameters stipulated; and
has a nomenclature that is generic rather than course-specific to reflect the broad content, e.g. Graduate Certificate in Applied Science, Graduate Certificate in Commerce, except where the course is designed to be offered in double degree programs only. In such cases, a course-specific nomenclature is likely to be more appropriate.
(67) Notwithstanding the fact that the specific content of a shell course is not normally identified in the Course Approval course document, the parameters and the aims and objectives of a shell course must be consistent with each other and must be able to meet the same requirements concerning AQF learning outcomes that other courses at the same level must meet.
(68) A shell course structure may be appropriate where a course is designed to be offered only as a constituent course within specified double degree programs, and the content of the course will need to be varied (within identifiable parameters) for each double degree program.
(69) The subjects to be included in the course for a specific double degree program will be selected by the Faculty and will be specified in course documentation in the Course and Subject Information Management System (CASIMS).
(70) Where the parameters of the course are such as to allow significant variations for specific double degree programs, such variation will be indicated in the nomenclature of the course through the addition of a descriptor. For example, the descriptor (Birth to 5 Years) could be added to the nomenclature Bachelor of Early Childhood Teaching when that course is offered in a double degree program with the Bachelor of Nursing. In other double degree programs, the content of the Bachelor of Early Childhood Teaching may cover different age ranges within the broad range of birth to 8 years (the range identified in the shell course document).
(71) Where a shell course also includes specialisations, a separate set of parameters must be identified that will apply to all specialisations offered within that course.
(72) In a standard specialisation in a shell course, the student will select from those subjects for the specialisation that have been identified by the Faculty as falling within the parameters for specialisations in that course. Where the Faculty has identified as one of the objectives of the course that each specialisation will be designed by the Faculty for an identified cohort of students with specific needs, the content of each specialisation will be specified by the Faculty and will be set out in the documentation for the specialisation as set out in the Course and Subject Information Management System (CASIMS).
(73) The nomenclature for specialisations will follow the format of the nomenclature of the shell course, e.g. Graduate Certificate in Commerce (Business Banking).
(74) The documentation required for a new shell course will be the standard documentation for the approval of a new course.
(75) Where a Faculty proposes a shell course for inclusion only within double degree programs, the parameters will be set out in the shell course documentation and the specific content for the shell course within a particular double degree program will be identified in the course documentation for that particular double degree proposal.
(76) In the shell course documentation, those fields for which completion is meaningful only for a specific double degree program will contain a reference to the documentation for the individual double degree program.
(77) Where specialisations are being added to an existing shell course, this will constitute a modification to an existing course. The course modification document will identify all those specialisation subjects from which the student may choose or, for those specialisations that are designed for an identified cohort of students, the specialisation structure and content will be specified and will be tailored for the specific cohort.
Graduate Certificate in Applied Science
Parameters: At least two of the four subjects must be selected from one discipline area. At least one of these two subjects must have a pre-requisite. The remaining two subjects may be chosen from any discipline in the Faculty. All subject combinations must receive Faculty approval.
Graduate Certificate in Applied Science (specialisation)
Parameters: All four subjects must be chosen from the specialisation discipline. (Faculty provides list of subjects within this category)
Bachelor of Teaching (Secondary)
Foundations of Education subjects - minimum of 32 points, including one on adolescent development and one on adolescents with special needs;
Curriculum Studies subjects - minimum of 24/maximum of 64 points (with details of coverage required);
Teaching Practice subjects - minimum of 24/maximum of 32 points (with details of possible coverage, practicum requirements);
Discipline subjects - for a teaching major, minimum 48/maximum 80 points; for a teaching "minor", minimum of 24/maximum of 32 points.
Graduate Certificate in Commerce (specialisation)
Aims: The aim of the course is to provide a graduate qualification in management which will meet the vocational and professional requirements of specific cohorts of business and industry personnel who are seeking various "packages" of subjects relevant to their own workplace needs.
the 32 points are to be selected from the specialisation or from subjects in the same specialist area chosen with the concurrence of the course director or course coordinator;
all subjects must be taken from the range of subjects offered by the Faculty of Commerce subjects at level 5 or equivalent;
the student will not enrol in any subject which is substantially similar to a subject already completed; and
the student will meet all pre-requisites.
(78) A combined course comprises two existing courses which are combined to produce a single course. For example, a pass degree may be combined with its associated add-on honours degree to produce an integrated honours degree, with the pass and add-on courses remaining as separate courses.
(79) See also the section on articulated sets of courses, for rules on graduation and the different methods of entry to courses containing articulated exit points.
(80) An exit point course is a course contained within another course, and which students may graduate from before completion of the course to which admission was made. The exit point award is an independent award requiring full approval as a course.
(81) Where admission is not permitted into an exit point course, that course is deemed to be an exit point only course. Exit point only courses do not require separate course approval, although they must meet all of the requirements of an independent award at that level (Bachelor, Graduate Certificate etc.).
(82) Exit point courses may be at the same or different course levels (Bachelor, Graduate Certificate etc.). For example two bachelor courses may be articulated, although more commonly courses of different level are articulated, such as a Graduate Certificate, Graduate Diploma and Master Degree. In such cases they become 'nested' courses.
(83) See the Course and Subject Policy.
(84) The reviewing of courses is, in practice, a process of constant monitoring to ensure that any course offered by the University maintains its academic standing and remains up to date and relevant to any industries and professions it may serve.
(85) A number of critical factors may influence the scheduling of a major review of a given course, such as the requirements of a professional body which accredits the course, sudden changes in the marketplace, resource factors or individual factors identified by a particular Faculty.
(86) The purpose of a major review is to evaluate the quality and performance of the course or specialisation in terms of a number of factors, including academic performance, efficiency and the capacity of the Faculty to support its profile. This process of evaluation is done for the period of time since the introduction of the course or since the previous major review (whichever is the more recent) and on the basis of the outcomes of the advisory process, of a number of indicators and of other relevant information.
(87) The date of the first course review will be a minimum of five years Full-time Equivalent (FTE) from the first year of offering of the course and for courses that are longer than five years (FTE) the date of the first course review will be the length of the course plus one year from the first year the course is offered. The period of time between reviews of any given course shall be five years (FTE). If periodic accreditation by a professional body is needed there is an expectation that the dates for course accreditation and review will be aligned. Professional accreditation of a course does not remove the need for an internal Charles Sturt University course review.
(88) A Faculty may apply to the Curriculum, Learning and Teaching Committee for extension of the review period (first or subsequent review) where exceptional circumstances apply.
(89) Each Faculty shall report to the University Course Planning Committee and to the Academic Senate each year its schedule of reviews for a normal five year review cycle. This schedule should include all courses offered by the Faculty.
(90) Notwithstanding this, where a course review is not finalised (including final approval) within twelve months of the scheduled year of review, intakes into the course may be suspended by the University Course Planning Committee effective immediately.
(93) A new course may not be included in the UAC/VTAC guides until approval of the Course Approval document (unless the UCPC explicitly gives approval for a new course to be included in the University Admissions Centre (UAC)/Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre (VTAC) guides prior to approval of the Course Approval document). A new course includes any proposed double degree program in which one or both of the constituent courses is new or requires a revised structure.
(94) A double degree program comprising two existing courses neither of which will be altered as a result of the proposed double degree program may be included in the UAC/VTAC guides following approval by the UCPC.
(95) Confirmation of the inclusion of a new course in the UAC/VTAC guides will be provided to the Division of Marketing and Communication by staff in the Course Director and Office of Planning and Analytics.
(96) A new course may not be included in the next year's University Handbook unless the course proposal has been given approval or provisional approval by the Faculty Courses Committee. Where there has been provisional approval only, the relevant course entry shall clearly indicate that the course is "subject to final approval".
(97) New courses may only be included in promotional literature such as advertisements and course brochures after the UCPC has given approval for the course to be offered but before approval of the Course Approval document if the Faculty has provided the Division of Marketing and Communication with the detailed information it requires for promotion. This includes information on admission criteria, course structure and course content, content of subjects, employment prospects, starting salaries and practicums. Entries made before a course has received final approval must carry the proviso "subject to final approval" until final approval has been given.
(98) The Faculties and the Division of Marketing and Communication are required to have in place mechanisms to ensure that, where specific courses are being identified in promotional literature such as course brochures or advertisements, the correct course nomenclature is used.
(99) For inclusion of a new course in the UAC/VTAC guides or the University Handbook, the course nomenclature will be taken from the Course Approval document (or, for new double degree programs with existing, unchanged courses, from UCPC documentation).
(100) This section applies to courses as defined in (c) of the definition of "award course" in the glossary which are courses by research and thesis. The approval of coursework only or coursework and dissertation courses is covered under heading, Approval of Courses.
(101) The University Research Committee shall recommend to the Academic Senate for approval Fields of Research within Faculties. Candidates wishing to pursue research in fulfilment of the requirements of Higher Degrees by Research may be admitted to candidature and enabled to complete that research work in designated fields of research. A Field of Research (as defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics) will normally be contained within a University Research Centre but may be separately identified and approved by the Academic Senate after considering a nomination initiated by a Faculty.
(102) Before a Higher Degree by Research student can be admitted to candidature, an appropriate Field of Research must have been approved by Academic Senate. Fields of Research should be reviewed every seven years.
(103) No Field of Research may be publicly advertised or promoted until approved by the Academic Senate.
(104) The initiative to have a new Field of Research approved shall come from within a Faculty. The Executive Dean of a Faculty shall prepare a Field of Research Approval Submission for consideration first by the Faculty Board, then by the Research Committee and finally to the Academic Senate.
(105) The University Research Committee shall assess whether a proposed Field of Research conforms to the Charles Sturt University Research Narrative and the University Strategic Plan and if it does so whether the Faculty or University Research Centre has the capacity and the strategic commitment to maintain the Field of Research. In making this assessment the University Research Committee should be guided by:
the general research activity of the Faculty;
The number and seniority of staff, including the number of professoriate staff, in the Field of Research and the number of staff in a University Research Centre(s) and/or Faculty(s) with higher degree qualifications apposite to the specified Field of Research;
The level of research activity in the proposed field of research as measured by:
the number of research workers in the Field of Research including University Higher Degree by Research students, research officers, visitors or affiliates;
the number of staff with experience and/or training in supervision and/or examination of Higher Degree by Research degrees;
publications recorded including current publications on topics apposite to the Field of Research; and
income from competitive research grants, research consulting work etc.
Strategic Commitment to the Field of Research by the Faculty or the University Research Centre.
The Committee will assess the emphasis that the Faculty or University Research Centre places in its internal planning on developing the Field of Research, by considering:
staffing priorities apposite to the Field of Research;
purchase of equipment and assignment of technical and other staff to support the Field of Research;
the provision of library and other research infrastructure to support the Field of Research;
availability of space to the Field of Research; and
staff development initiatives as these relate to developing the Field of Research.
(106) The University Research Committee will advise the Academic Senate on whether a nominated field of research meets the required criteria.
(107) Academic Senate will assess whether or not the Faculty proposing the Field of Research has the academic capacity to support Higher Degree by Research students in the nominated Field of Research.
(108) Nil.
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5 Fingaz Friday: The VMAs
Posted on August 29, 2014 by Steven Kaufman in 5 Fingaz to the Face, Celebrity News and tagged Kayne West, Miley Cyrus, MTV, MTV Video Music Award, Nicki Minaj, Steven Kaufman, Taylor Swift, The Pop Project, The Pop Project: With Steven Kaufman, Video Music Awards, VMAs.
Remember the days when you were totally stoked for MTV’s Video Music Awards to come on because they were pretty much the coolest award show of the fall? Those were the days…sigh. But over the last couple of years, it has become what I will the “Very Many Asses.” I mean this in both the body part that you sit on, as well as the word of endearment towards a stupid person. From Miley Cyrus’ twerking on a Beetlejuice lookalike to Kanye West telling Taylor Swift that she pretty much sucked compared to Beyoncé (Bailey says that this is true)….. it’s just full of asses. Frankly, the show has gone down hill in quality since the days of the epic Britney Spears and NSYNC mashup.
It has lost its spark. It’s something while everyone wants to watch but it’s more so for its trashiness and not for the quality. It became less about the videos and the performances that happened and who won Moonmen at the event and more about the shock factor. Does anyone really remember who won the Video of the Year award at last year’s VMAs? Probably not. But they definitely remember Miley performing “We Can’t Stop” and the raunchiness of her performance was. Then the only thing we really remember about the 2009 Video Music Awards was the Kanye West incident. When you think of the 1999 and 2000 VMAs, it’s more about the performances and the pageantry of it.
Pretty much, the VMAs have gone down hill and are just 2 hours shambles of what was once a highly regard of award show for teens and anyone in the 20s. Now here are some classic performances to love and miss:
Have an opinion on the Very Many Asses Video Music Awards? Leave it in a comment below
← Everywhere you look, another 90’s sitcom revival!
Ask The Pop Project #1 →
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Test of the Boomerang: Reliving “Relix” — A Chat With Toni Brown
In 1974, the first issue of Dead Relix rolled off a mimeograph machine. It was started by Grateful Dead fan and “taper” Les Kippel as a way for other “tapers” — folks who would smuggle tape decks into Grateful Dead concerts to record the show — to get in touch, trade tapes, and share tricks of the trade.
In 1979, musician and longtime Dead fan, Toni Brown took over the editor’s chair at Relix (they dropped the “Dead” after the first few issues). Over the years, it became the premier source of coverage not only for the Grateful Dead, but it also helped launched the “jam band” scene that would flourish in the ’90s.
Toni Brown and her husband and co-editor Ed Munson have compiled 20 years of Relix interviews, features, artwork and photographs into Relix: The Book. It’s the next best thing to having the whole Relix archive for your perusal.
Toni is also an accomplished singer and songwriter, and she and Ed have just released State of Mind, the latest entry in her discography. State of Mind is the first recorded document of their musical partnership. It’s an acoustic Sunday morning coffee and reefer kind of record that features a couple Garcia/Hunter tunes along with her own well-crafted originals.
Toni was kind enough to answer a few questions about her days as Queen of the Deadheads and den mother to the burgeoning jam band scene.
Relix Magazine began as “Dead Relix” and it began as a way for the taping community to get together and trade music. The tapers are a huge part of the Grateful Dead’s legacy, as well as the “ritual” of sharing the music. Now that we have immediate access to just about every concert the Grateful Dead ever performed, does being a Deadhead feel less communal than it used to?
It feels MORE communal now, by far. The “ritual” wasn’t all it was cracked up to be. Taping wasn’t allowed in the early years, and people had to sneak in archaic technology, fighting their way the whole time, and then the batteries would die…
Social network sites such as Facebook put everyone in instant communication, something we could never have dreamed possible. With the Internet, our entire community is linked on every level. To get out the word about a show, share a setlist or even pass on the whole show, find a ride, or an extra ticket…it is now possible. It’s very exciting, and actually energizes the scene tremendously.
When did you become the editor of Relix?
I met the founder of Relix, Les Kippel, in the mid-1970s. We were around the same music scene, and eventually gravitated together for some divine purpose. Editor Jeff Tamarkin took leave of his editorial position, and Les handed the magazine over to me in 1979.
When you assembled the book did you find anything that maybe resonated with you on a different level now than when you first published it?
Everything resonated with me differently. It was like having seen a movie before–I knew the ending, and now I got the story. Being IN Relix was overwhelming, a constant influx of everything. I worked with over a hundred freelance contributors–editorial, photos, art, handled advertising, directed layout, proofread…had an autistic kid, a touring band, an independent publicity company, co-owned a record label and a merchandising company. I don’t think I knew what was happening even when it was happening.
While developing the book project, I had to come up with a direction. I sat down with Vol. 1 #1, and started reading. I swear, Ed (co-editor, husband, and musical partner Ed Munson) and I used thousands of post-its in the process of putting the book together. While reading 27 years of Relix, every word published (which took me weeks, by the way), it occurred to me that this book had to be about the Grateful Dead and their extended family, and not just about music. That’s what the magazine was to me, and that’s what its roots were steeped in. And though we included all genres of music in our pages, it always came back to the heart of it, and that was the Deadheads. Even above the band, it was about us.
How receptive were the Dead to Relix?
In the beginning, The Dead did not allow the taping of their shows. It was the road crew’s job to stop it, and Relix came under fire for causing the ripple effect of taper growth. I personally don’t think the band would have reached as large a fan base had it not been for the tapers, and subsequently, the early days of Relix. By the time I came on the scene, the Dead had already gotten over it, going so far as to set up a taper section.
In the years before Jerry Garcia passed on, there were some very dark days for the band and the fans alike. Onstage there was Jerry’s declining health, but out in the crowds you also had gate crashers and DEA agents working undercover at shows. A lot of heads were subjected to “Mandatory Minimums” which meant severe penalties for minor and first time drug offenses. What it like when you had to start reporting more and more bad news within the scene?
I was criticized over the years for keeping Relix in a happy place. I didn’t like to include negative criticism of anything. To write a bad review of a band took away from space where we could write a good review of another band. Bad reviews could also hurt a band, and I just couldn’t be part of that.
I did share news from the Grateful Dead about keeping the scene clean, got the word out about safety concerns and such. But when letters started multiplying from Deadheads in prison, I was overwhelmed. There was a very sudden increase in the obvious targeting of Deadheads by the DEA. Mandatory Minimums became the darkest problem to cross my desk, and I had no choice but to deal with it aggressively. I gave a lot of space to this matter, and also took it on personally by appearing all over the media with the story of the DEA’s programs that went after the easiest busts…Deadheads. Instead of working on street crime, it was so much easier for them to go after a bunch of hippies. I answered every letter I got from an incarcerated Deadhead, provided a forum for their letters and encouraged correspondence between readers and their downed brothers and sisters. I wrote many letters of recommendation in an effort to get folks shorter sentences, I worked with Families Against Mandatory Minimums (FAMM), and tried to fight “the man.”
This all came around following the release and subsequent success of the Grateful Dead’s In the Dark. All parking lot activity eventually had to be shut down as the number of people showing up at shows without tickets increased. The Deadhead family shifted, lots of older heads were fed up with not being able to get tickets, and a lot of the newer “heads” weren’t necessarily there to be good scouts, or even for the music. In the Dark…Dark days, indeed. I’d like to say it got better, but it didn’t…
Garcia cover drawn by George "Commander Cody" Frayne
I came on the scene late in the game – 1991 was my first show. I remember hearing about bad scenes in the parking lot and always feeling like “Well, I’m not part of the problem” but it was everyone’s problem and a lot of the younger kids didn’t know quite how to “police” themselves. But with so many new and young fans, do you think that inspired the band in a way? There were all sorts of song break-outs and new songs that came up in the latter days of the band.
I don’t think the band was as inspired as they were tired. Bringing out new and retired material was likely a way for them to refresh their musical approaches. The scene in the parking lot was very draining on everyone–the band and crew, the fans, the towns visited. The band had outgrown the largest venues, and with the problems surrounding the scene, more and more places were closing their doors to us. The Dead wrote letters of concern to the Deadheads, which they asked us to include in Relix. It was a significant way for them to correspond with the fans.
Long before we had Facebook or MySpace, we had the classifieds in the back of Relix magazine!
Relix was a wonderful resource, and I recognized the importance of the classifieds back before the Internet, even before personal computers. What started as a way for tapers to connect evolved into a forum for people to link on many levels. Readers wrote me about meeting and marrying people they met in the classifieds. Pictures of their kids can be found throughout the “We Are Everywhere” photos I’d run each year. It became a place to find traveling companions, friends in isolated locations, places to connect all over the world. I had to expand the classifieds to a second column just to accommodate the incarcerated Deadheads’ listings, which became a story in itself. Many happy endings, some heartaches, I read every letter that came in, and typed out every classified. It was one way to get an intimate glimpse into who was reading the magazine.
Relix has always been a big part of the whole “culture” of live music, and it has always tried to shine a light on all kinds of musical corners, and even now, I find myself always learning about new bands from Relix. Were there any young bands that you really wanted to try and help give exposure to through Relix?
There were hundreds of bands that I recognized as special. My reviewer, Mick Skidmore, did a fantastic job of helping me sort through it all. In fact, that’s what gave way to what became the jamband scene, the recognition of bands that were somehow inspired by the previous generation of exploratory/improvisational music. As I gave more and more space over to new and unknown bands, the scene emerged and bands would tell me they were developing fan bases due to their exposure in Relix. That was encouraging. A great club opened in New York, Wetlands Preserve. The owner had intended to keep it low key, but I put it in his ear to bring in live music in my never-ending effort to get the bands I worked with into the scheme…New Riders, Hot Tuna, David LaFlamme, Merl Saunders, Steve Kimock…and it became an amazing spot for people to go. I met and started working with Blues Traveler, Phish, Widespread Panic, Spin Doctors, Warren Haynes, Joan Osborne…so many artists that went on to spectacular careers. But there were so many other bands.
I had the privilege to really work with Max Creek, Zen Tricksters, Solar Circus, Juggling Suns, Tiberius, Living Earth, Oroboros, Sandoz, Stackabones, on and on…all the while creating a niche for a music scene that grew tendrils, and which is now a bigger-than-life force known as the jamband scene—including every Dead cover band, because although they’re recreating music that was done before, but they’re putting their own spin on it. So it evolves, and the sound is ever-changing. Even my own covers of the Dead’s music are very far from the originals, and I’ve been there since the early days-1969, in fact. I just hear it my own way. And so it grows…
Relix also had a sidearm record label and released great albums by everyone from (former Grateful Dead keyboardist) Tom Constanten to guys like Steve “Muruga” Booker (who played drums for Parliament Funkadelic among others), what became of the Relix Records label?
Relix Records was part of the sale of Relix Magazine. The current Relix folks include a CD with every issue, a nice way to taste much of the music they write about. Having a record label in this day and age is difficult, everything is available through downloads, and there isn’t enough money to make it worth the effort. It was a tough go even back when we started up in 1980 at the urging of Robert Hunter.
The fact that Relix was the gateway to taping didn’t help us sell records. But in the days of vinyl, there were some gimmicks we could use to tantalize the die-hards. Picture discs with an artist’s signature were pretty cool. Good cover art helped. When we transferred over to CD (one of the first indie labels to do so), it was a little better, and easier to ship. But it was always a struggle to make money. It was a weird cycle of the magazine supporting the artists on the label, and the artists on the label making the news we’d find fit to print.
When you stepped down from the editorial helm, what did you do afterward?
Relix was my life, and it was also tied into my identity as a performer. Selling it and being closed out really hit hard. I sat on the couch for a couple of years, wondering what hit me. I’d moved to Orlando for a variety of reasons, and it took me awhile to get into the swing of life-after-Relix. A fan recognized me at the gym and introduced me to the jamband scene here in Florida. It got me back out, and I became a regular, playing solo between sets for the best bands in town. I picked up a bunch of shows at Hard Rock Live and started rebuilding a life. Life after Relix…It’s been ten years already, and the Relix book helped provide amazing closure for me. It made me take a good look at what the magazine was, what it provided to the community, and what I did personally to keep the scene evolving.
Toni Brown live
What would you say is your proudest Relix accomplishment?
Getting out alive…laughs…Seriously, I feel like I’ve played an important part in linking a family in music, love and light. I probably couldn’t have said that a year ago, but after absorbing all that I put into Relix, it’s clear that it was bigger than me or a band or a handful of fans. It was and is a community that thrives, connected in thought, lifestyle, spirit, politics and, of course, music.
I am very proud of a few things I was able to accomplish through the magazine. We featured a column called “Eyes of the World” which provided readers with important environmental information, inspired by the Grateful Dead who stepped up to fight the destruction of the Rainforests. I saw a much bigger picture, and used our platform to share ways we could each make a difference…leave only footprints. I am also proud of my efforts in the fight on the unjust War on Drugs. And most of all, we supported a significant number of musicians over the years, and I’m still actively doing so.
Tell me about your own musical career.
I started singing when I was 12. Got a guitar, which I didn’t learn how to play until my sister learned first. Ah, sibling rivalry. Actually, it was Robert Hunter who kicked me into gear. We got pretty friendly while working on his tours and promotion, and he knew I was a wannabe songwriter. He came to play at Town Hall in New York with a Takamine guitar that Garcia had given him. The pickup had stopped working, and he had to get a new guitar to finish his tour. He gave the Takamine to me, and told me to learn how to play it so I could put music to my lyrics. I did and I did.
I sang with some of the bands I knew–New Riders, Merl Saunders, Zen Tricksters, Juggling Suns, Living Earth, Stackabones–just nice and easy. Then I saw Joan Osborne starting out, and she blew me away. I realized I really wanted to do this music thing. In the 1995, the David Nelson Band was touring on the east coast, and had a few open nights. They suggested we go into the studio to track some of my songs! I hired a porta-studio, and brought in my pal, Michael Falzarano (Hot Tuna, New Riders of the Purple Sage), to produce some tracks. We did some of my songs, and it went into limbo while the Dave Nelson Band went back on the road. Then Jerry Garcia died. Big reality check for us all. Everyone got busy at that point, trying to pack some smiles into the devastated community. We finished my first CD, Blue Morning. By then, I’d decided to add some Dead covers to heal my inner pain. “Box of Rain,” “The Wheel” (“if the thunder don’t getcha…”) and “Morning Dew” made it onto the release. Jorma Kaukonen added some guitar to “Morning Dew.” I put a band together, and we hit the road. In the wake of Garcia’s death, the growth in the live music scene blossomed. The money that had been going to the Dead over their many years was now loosened up, and the festival scene flourished. It’s been growing ever since.
When I sold Relix, I put my life on hold for a couple of years, needed to catch my breath. I moved to Orlando, and met up with the jamband scene. I got out solo, did some tours with Tom Constanten, and found myself playing with some good Florida musicians.
I met Ed Munson in 2005, and here we are, a happily married musical partnership. We’re connecting with Deadheads internationally, and we play regularly in the southeast. We’re booked through the summer on the east coast, and we’ll be heading out west sooner or later. We’re very connected to the energy that comes our way, something I believe comes with age and experience. We pay attention, and when the right doors open, we know which way to go.
Toni Brown and Ed Munson – “Mountains of the Moon”
Phil Lesh is turning 70 years old in March. In 1969 when you saw the Dead, did you ever imagine that these cats would be still rocking and rolling over 40 years later?
They were immediately timeless to me…what I didn’t imagine was that I would still be rocking over 40 years later. I have been inspired so deeply that I can still dance old age away!
In closing, this long process called life has taught me one valuable lesson…don’t take anything for granted. “Live each day, could be your last, and keep your foot pressed on the gas!” Toni Brown – Live Dead Dance
[kml_flashembed movie="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMq09OhD3SA" width="600" height="360" allowfullscreen="true" /]
You can purchase copies of Relix The Book and State of Mind from www.tonibrownband.com.
http://tonibrownband.com/main.html
Music, Test of the Boomerang
Ben Wiser, Ed Munson, Grateful Dead, Jambands, Jerry Garcia, Relix, Test of the Boomerang, Toni Brown
Ben Wiser
Test of the Boomerang is an in-depth exploration of some of the best material found on the Live Music Archive.
Way Out Wednesday: “Tomorrow on the Children’s Corner” with Josie Carey and Fred Rogers
CD Review: Was (Not Was), “Pick of the Litter: 1980 – 2010”
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A Small Massachusetts Beach Community Fights Against Erosion
Plum Island is a case study in how communities are reacting not just to the ebb-and-flow of nature, but to a changing ocean.
Simón Ríos
Plum Island Nature Preserve.
(Photo: Wesley Fryer/Flickr)
On the northern tip of an island surrounded by river, marsh, and sea, a few dozen volunteers sink shovels into a mound of sand, digging 10,000 holes to plant 20,000 stalks of beach grass.
They're residents of Reservation Terrace—a dozen shoreline houses at the latest flashpoint in Plum Island's long struggle against erosion—and they're hoping the grass will lend their homes some protection.
"Our only line of defense, according to [state environment officials], is sand and dune grass," says local activist Vern Ellis, who's leading the planting.
Ellis knows it's an effort worthy of Don Quixote—a bad storm could easily wash away the grass and the berm—but he hopes the beach grass buys his little La Mancha some time. The grass will nourish a berm put in place after a series of devastating winter storms caused repeated flooding on Reservation Terrace.
"The grass grows really, really deep roots, three, four feet down, and it spreads and it basically holds the sand in place," Ellis says. "And this stuff is really resilient. It could get buried up to about a foot of sand and will come back up through it."
That is, Ellis adds, unless someone steps on it and breaks it.
Ellis organized his neighbors to buy and plant the beach grass in the 100 feet of sand that separates them from the ocean. He says the grass-planting comes in response to a massive bout of beach erosion at the mouth of the Merrimack River, which opens to the Atlantic Ocean.
"When we first moved here there was 400 more feet of dunes out into the river," Ellis says. "So in four years we've lost 400 feet of dunes."
The cause of the erosion is fiercely debated on the island. Some residents blame a jetty repair project conducted by the Army Corps of Engineers in 2013, the year Ellis moved in. The Army Corps, on the other hand—and some residents—attribute the erosion to natural cycles, implying that it's only a matter of time before the beach is restored.
Regardless of the cause, Ellis and his neighbors say four-fifths of their beach has been washed away, and deposited in other areas around the island.
Island of Sand
Up near the New Hampshire border, Plum Island is an 11-mile strip of sand—one of 681 so-called barrier beaches in Massachusetts. It's a land form in flux. And as Ellis and his neighbors are witnessing—not just in geological time.
"The erosion is coming," Ellis says, "but we only have 20 [or] 30 more years here on planet Earth, and we might as well enjoy it while we can."
Ellis isn't the first to plant beach grass on the island. A team from the University of New Hampshire, working on a grant related to Hurricane Sandy relief, got the ball rolling in 2013, logging thousands of volunteer hours and purchasing equipment that Ellis and his neighbors continue to use.
Plum Island is a case study in how communities are reacting not just to the ebb-and-flow of nature, but to a changing ocean. The prospect of rising sea levels makes this all the more critical for Plum Island and others coastal communities like it. A recent report found roughly 90,000 homes along the Massachusetts coast could face chronic flooding by the end of the century, thousands of those in the next few decades.
Green vs. Gray
Plum Island is also a study in contrasts in the use of different resiliency measures. Ellis' beach grass is what's considered "green infrastructure," a tread lightly approach that seeks to enhance and complement the natural environment. Others on Plum Island are committed to the more permanent, hardened solutions of walls and barriers, known as "gray infrastructure."
"All hell has just broken loose up here," Bob Connors told WCVB-TV back in 2013, as a storm pounded his neighborhood. "We've got several homes now that have been compromised, one has actually gone in, it's collapsed onto the beach, and another one to the left, his foundation was just compromised."
Starting with Sandy in 2012, successive storms rocked the beach in front of Connors' neighborhood, Annapolis Way. The March storm was the coup de grace.
It led Connors and his neighbors to buck state government and install—on average—$40,000 worth of boulders on the beach in front of their homes.
Connors and Ellis are a yin and yang of do-it-yourself coastal resiliency. Where Ellis lives on a public beach, Connors owns the beach in front of his house. Where Ellis received approval from the authorities to plant beach grass, Connors went against the state and led his neighborhood in constructing massive stone barriers along the shore, known as rip raps.
According to Connors, he had little choice. He says an agent from the Department of Environmental Protection was threatening to issue huge fines—$10,000 a day per home—if he and his neighbors went against coastal building rules and put in rip raps.
But a storm of political pressure and media scrutiny ensued on behalf of the neighbors, and the state backed down.
"Government timeline never matches that of Mother Nature, or when you're having a natural disaster," Connors says, standing on the deck of a home that sits on 40-foot pylons buried in the sand. "If we had tried to go through the normal permitting process and then trying to overcome the yeas and the nays of whether you should or shouldn't do it, we would have lost probably 40 homes."
Five years later, Connors says the rip raps are doing their job, though that requires constantly replacing rocks dislodged by the waves.
He says it's worth the tens of thousands it costs him and the endless effort. For Connors, Annapolis Way is the frontline of an existential battle against an angry ocean.
"We're trying to defend our property, but in the meantime, we're also defending the infrastructure of our roadway," he says. "We're defending the Great Marsh. ... If Plum Island or other barriers weren't here, the Great Marsh would be gone. "So, where do you decide to draw the line and make a stance? Do you have a right to protect your property—to protect your family?"
Some on Plum Island see Connors as a renegade. What if everybody shirked the rules and built walls along the beach?
Others say it's a task of Sisyphus, the Greek king forced to roll a boulder up a hill for all eternity, only to see it roll back down.
Gregg Moore, an ecologist from the University of New Hampshire and a known entity among the advocates of Plum Island, says there's little question the rip rap is working—for now.
"I think while it works, it's absolutely buying time," Moore says.
Standing in front of the rip rap near Connors' neighborhood, Moore says he teaches his students about the green approach of Ellis versus the gray approach of Connors.
"This is gray infrastructure, right, this is taking an engineered solution of gray stones and putting it in place," Moore says. "And when we plant dune grass on the dunes, that's our green infrastructure. And, you know, perhaps there's a way to marry those two technologies together to protect a system."
"You've got to applaud, I guess, people for doing what they can within their capacity to protect their resource. I can't predict if this is going to be sustainable. At some of the locations it's not been enough. Right now, today, on a beautiful, sunny day, it looks like it's working."
But Moore says these days a disastrous storm is always right around the corner for Plum Island. And if the trend doesn't break and the projections of several feet of sea level rise are accurate, Moore says some islanders will have to consider retreat.
Building houses on Plum Island wasn't always the norm. The colonial settlers used it mainly to graze livestock and harvest salt hay, and it wasn't until the late 1800s when people started building summer cottages on the island.
"And then it started, more and more people had little tiny shacks," says Bill Sargent, a science writer and advocate who's focused on Plum Island for the last several years. "A lot of them were often built with driftwood."
But the cottages multiplied, and today Plum Island has more than a thousand houses clustered at the top of the island. The rest is a national wildlife refuge.
"It was actually only in 2004 that [authorities decided to] put the water lines and the sewer lines in," Sargent says, "and as soon as they did that then people started to take these small houses and remodel them and make them into permanent year-round homes. That's when you got into trouble."
As a scientist, Moore sees the cataclysms underway as inevitable. But as someone who's been playing on the island since he was a kid—and who's spent years doing research there—he's not ready to watch the homes fall into the ocean.
"When it's your property, when it's your home, it's very hard to separate the cold harsh truth of science against—some homeowners here have lived here their whole life, and it's very difficult to give up the fight for them," he says.
As for Ellis at the mouth of the Merrimack, he decided to end the fight after the havoc of last winter.
"It was really hard because we love living there," he says. "And it's just so beautiful. But after the storms in March ... it washed over the dunes into the street all along Reservation Terrace, and that first storm in March. There were eight high tides and it washed over every single high tide. That's when you know ... this is not good."
Ellis plans to sell his dream house later this year—the one he built and moved into five years ago—and move to downtown Newburyport. He says he wants to buy a cottage on the island, but he feels he needs to sell his current home in order to "retain our equity."
Of all the differences Ellis shares with Connors, perhaps that's the biggest of all: Connors doesn't plan on going anywhere.
"As this coastal crisis continues ... government will adapt," he says. "Will everybody survive? Time will tell. ... The neighborhoods that are cohesive and act as a group will survive. Those that are splintered and are thinking that everyone else is going to do it for them—time will tell."
One thing Ellis and Connors agree on is they want the powers that be to come up with an action plan for Plum Island, and put up the money to execute it.
But in a country that spends almost nine-tenths of its flood preparedness dollars after major floods, the piecemeal approach of green and gray infrastructure may be the last stand.
This story originally appeared in New America's digital magazine, New America Weekly, a Pacific Standard partner site. Sign up to get New America Weekly delivered to your inbox, and follow @NewAmerica on Twitter.
MassachusettsOceanClimate ChangePacific Standard PartnersBeachesErosion
Simón Ríos is a recipient of New America's Weather Eye Award for Local Reporting.
Starry, Starry Skies
California desert town takes back the night, wins rare "Dark Sky" award
What Is the Future of Paid Parental Leave in America?
The U.S. has a rough track record with how it treats new parents, but there are reasons to believe that this could soon be a thing of the past.
These Maps Show What Graham-Cassidy Would Mean for Your State
A new report concludes that the Graham-Cassidy proposal would reduce federal funding to states by $215 billion by 2026.
The Fault in Our Star Names
The International Astronomical Union has established a committee to finalize a list of official star names. Some companies offer unofficial naming rights for purchase. But the voices of certain communities are often left behind.
How Much Can Dietary Changes and Food Production Practices Help Mitigate Climate Change?
Food policy experts weigh in on the possibilities of individual diet choices and sustainable production methods.
Unseen America
Las Manos Jóvenes Que Nos Alimentan
Se calcula que 524,000 niños trabajan inimaginables largas horas en los agotadores campos agrícolas de Estados Unidos, y todo es perfectamente legal.
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Defense Intelligence Agency Russia Military Power Report 2017
Russia Military Power: Building a Military to Support Great Power Aspirations
Originating Organization: Defense Intelligence Agency
File Hash (SHA-256): 32797F16836FC5B4DBEFE2570B7A09496B430C29B981B34EEFA9C0544CBC981E
For more than 50 years, DIA officers have met the full range of security challenges facing our great nation. Our intelligence professionals operate across the globe, and our work supports customers from the forward-deployed warfighter to the national policymaker. DIA is united in a common vision—to be the indispensable source of defense intelligence expertise—and for the past five decades we have done just that.
As part of this vision, DIA has a long history of producing comprehensive and authoritative defense intelligence overviews. In September 1981, Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger asked the Defense Intelligence Agency to produce an unclassified overview of the Soviet Union’s military strength. The purpose was to provide America’s leaders, the national security community, and the public a complete and accurate view of the threat. The result: the first edition of Soviet Military Power. DIA produced over 250,000 copies, and it soon became an annual publication that was translated into eight languages and distributed around the world. In many cases, this report conveyed the scope and breadth of Soviet military strength to U.S. policymakers and the public for the first time.
Today, we are faced with a complexity of intelligence challenges from multiple threats that we cannot afford to misunderstand. In the spirit of Soviet Military Power, DIA is proud to produce an unclassified defense intelligence overview of the military capabilities associated with the challenges we face—beginning with Russia. This product is intended to foster a dialogue between U.S. leaders, the national security community, partner nations, and the public about the challenges we face in the 21st century.
Vladimir Putin’s address to the Russian Federal Assembly following the referendum on annexation of Crimea, 18 March, 2014:
“The USA prefers to follow the rule of the strongest and not by the international law. They are convinced that they have been chosen and they are exceptional, that they are allowed to shape the destiny of the world, that it is only them that can be right. They act as they please. Here and there they use force against sovereign states, set up coalitions in accordance with the principle: who is not with us is against us.”
The international order established after the Second World War and developed throughout the Cold War largely ensured widespread peace and stability even as it saw new conflicts—large and small—take place in different regions of the world. This post-war era, underwritten primarily by the strength of the United States, also gave rise to the greatest period of prosperity in history, witnessing countries rebuild from war and emerge from colonialism to become vibrant and valuable members of the international community. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States emerged as a world leader militarily, economically and diplomatically. Today, however, the United States faces an increasingly complex array of challenges to our national security.
The resurgence of Russia on the world stage—seizing the Crimean Peninsula, destabilizing eastern Ukraine, intervening on behalf of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, and shaping the information environment to suit its interests—poses a major challenge to the United States. Moscow will continue to aggressively pursue its foreign policy and security objectives by employing the full spectrum of the state’s capabilities. Its powerful military, coupled with the actual or perceived threat of intervention, allows its whole-of-government efforts to resonate widely.
Russia continues to modernize its extensive nuclear forces and is developing long range precision-guided conventional weapons systems. It is manipulating the global information environment, employing tools of indirect action against countries on its periphery and using its military for power projection and expeditionary force deployments far outside its borders. Its ultimate deterrent is a robust nuclear force capable of conducting a massed nuclear strike on targets in the United States within minutes.
Within the next decade, an even more confident and capable Russia could emerge. The United States needs to anticipate, rather than react, to Russian actions and pursue a greater awareness of Russian goals and capabilities to prevent potential conflicts. Our policymakers and commanders must have a complete understanding of Russia’s military capabilities, especially as U.S. and Russian forces may increasingly encounter each other around the globe. DIA will continue to provide our leaders decision-space, ensuring they have the time and information necessary to protect our nation. The wrong decisions—or the right ones made too late—could have dire consequences.
This report examines a resurgent Russia’s military power to foster a deeper understanding of its core capabilities, goals, and aspirations in the 21st Century.
Tags:Defense Intelligence Agency Russia
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PRESS RELEASE: Michelle Richard Promoted to Vice President
November 28, 2016 January 9, 2017 | in News| by Kristie
Contact: Selma Tucker, Director of Marketing and Communications
Public Sector Consultants
Michelle Richard Promoted to Vice President
LANSING – Public Sector Consultants (PSC) is pleased to announce that Michelle Richard has earned a promotion to vice president.
Michelle’s outstanding work in education policy has put her at the forefront of issues that affect the lives and development of children, students and talent in Michigan. As vice president, Michelle will continue in this capacity but will also lead the firm’s education practice, where she’ll manage staff, oversee strategic direction and support the company’s growth at the executive level.
Her reputation as a collegial team player, shrewd strategist and passionate education expert has earned her praise and recognition from her peers.
“We are thrilled to have Michelle join the executive team as vice president,” said CEO Jeff Williams. “She has been indispensable to PSC’s success in our education work and will help us continue to provide effective solutions on this important and complicated subject.”
Joining the firm in 2010 as a consultant, Michelle quickly advanced to senior consultant in 2011, where she has led and supported seminal research on improving Michigan’s outcomes in areas like early childhood, special education, K – 12 and higher education.
“PSC is a special place where highly committed, thoughtful people can do their best work to make a difference in people’s lives,” said PSC vice president Jeff Guilfoyle. “Michelle exemplifies that spirit, and our state has been made better by her contributions.”
Michelle’s promotion to vice president is effective as of November 28, 2016.
Public Sector Consultants is Michigan’s most respected, connected, and dedicated research and program management firm, with specialties in governance and regulation, health care, education, energy, and environmental policy. PSC is committed to providing objective research and sound solutions to the public and private sector.
Tags: News 2016
PRESS RELEASE: Statewide Database, Census Info to Detail How State Actions Have Damaged Michigan Cities (mml.org)
Terrorism, refugees, and political rhetoric (Michigan Radio)
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Watch Fearless (2006) Online
Huo Yuan Jia became the most famous martial arts fighter in all of China at the turn of the 20th Century. Huo faced personal tragedy but ultimately fought his way out of darkness, defining the true spirit of martial arts and also inspiring his nation. The son of a great fighter who didn’t wish for his child to follow in his footsteps, Huo resolves to teach himself how to fight – and win.
Genre: Action, Biography, Drama, Sport
Director: Ronny Yu
Actors: Chen Zhi-Hui, Dong Yong, Jet Li, Pau Hei-Ching, Shidou Nakamura, Sun Li, Ting Leung
The last Gunslinger, Roland Deschain, has been locked in an eternal battle with Walter O’Dim, also known as the Man in Black, determined to prevent him from toppling the Dark…
Genre: Action, Adventure, Fantasy, Horror, Science Fiction, Western
Fast and Fierce: Death Race (2020)
Jack Tyson is a young man partaking in an illegal Mexico to California car race when a desperate woman, fleeing from her abusive gangster boyfriend who is financing the tournament,…
Far Cry (2008)
Jack Carver, a former member of the Special Forces takes the journalist Valerie Cardinal to an Island to visit her uncle Max who is working in a Military complex on…
Country: Canada, Germany
Soldier Boyz (1995)
A group of prisoners are going to Vietnam to rescue the daughter of a V-I.P. The Ones who survive get their freedom back…but hell awaits them.
Genre: Action, Drama, Thriller, War
The Siege of Jadotville (2016)
Irish Commandant Pat Quinlan leads a stand off with troops against French and Belgian Mercenaries in the Congo during in the early 1960s.
Country: Ireland, South Africa
Genre: Action, Drama, History, Thriller, War
The Eagle (2011)
In 140 AD, twenty years after the unexplained disappearance of the entire Ninth Legion in the mountains of Scotland, young centurion Marcus Aquila (Tatum) arrives from Rome to solve the…
Genre: Action, Adventure, Drama, History, War
Léon: The Professional (1994)
Léon, the top hit man in New York, has earned a rep as an effective “cleaner”. But when his next-door neighbors are wiped out by a loose-cannon DEA agent, he…
Book of Monsters (2018)
Sophie’s 18th birthday becomes a bloodbath when monsters descend upon her house, devouring the guests and killing anyone who tries to leave. To survive the night, Sophie must face her…
The High Frontier
A father and his two teenage sons travel to a small mountain cabin for a male bonding adventure. When a lost tourist arrives at the cabin, their male-bonding outing turns…
The Spy Who Dumped Me (2018)
Audrey and Morgan, two thirty-year-old best friends in Los Angeles, are thrust unexpectedly into an international conspiracy when Audrey’s ex-boyfriend shows up at their apartment with a team of deadly…
Country: Canada, Hungary, USA
Mad Max (1979)
Taking place in a dystopian Australia in the near future, Mad Max tells the story of a highway patrolman cruising the squalid back roads that have become the breeding ground…
Children of Men (2006)
In 2027, in a chaotic world in which humans can no longer procreate, a former activist agrees to help transport a miraculously pregnant woman to a sanctuary at sea, where…
Trailer: Fearless (2006)
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Home / News / Kids getting stuck on Thinking Putty
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WIRED: Crazy Aaron's Thinking Putty: Product Review January 30, 2017
Kids getting stuck on Thinking Putty
Posted Jan 30, 2017 by Wanjira Jirajaruporn
Delilah Johnson, 10, shows her Crazy Aaron's Thinking Putty on April 9, 2016, at her Bensenville home. The owners of local toy stores say the putty is flying off their shelves. (Chris Sweda / Chicago Tribune)
In the old days it was jelly bracelets and Cabbage Patch Kids.
These days, Crazy Aaron's Thinking Putty — a cooler, hipper and pricier Silly Putty alternative — is poised to become the next big thing.
Local toy store owners say this soft, bouncy, stretchy goo, which sells for $12 to $15 for a 3.2-ounce tin is flying off their shelves.
That's because it's not only kids who are addicted to the putty — which comes in an array of colors and varieties that include magnetic and glow-in-the-dark — but their parents who can't stop touching the stuff.
For kids it provides fidget relief. For their parents, it's stress relief.
"Quite honestly, I've been known to grab it and squish it in my hands a little bit. It really does have a calming effect," said Jennifer Johnson, of Bensenville, whose two daughters, ages 8 and 10, are Crazy Aaron's putty collectors.
While Shopkins and "blind bags" — bags with an unknown figurine tucked inside — are all the rage at mass-market retail outlets, Crazy Aaron's has managed to steadily climb the toy popularity chain despite the fact that it is only sold at independent toy retailers, specialty stores and on its website.
Containers of Crazy Aaron's Thinking Putty are displayed April 7, 2016, at the Building Blocks Toy Store in Chicago. (Anthony Souffle / Chicago Tribune)
And in an age where many toys are made popular because they have a corresponding movie, television show or YouTube series to accompany and help market them, retailers say Crazy Aaron's putty has picked-up steam the old-fashioned way: word-of-mouth.
"It's a unique thing and doesn't compete with anything else," said Katherine McHenry, owner of Building Blocks Toy Store, which has locations in Chicago's Lakeview and Wicker Park neighborhoods.
Last year, the American Specialty Toy Retailing Association named the putty one of its best toys for kids. "It takes us back to the days of Silly Putty — a toy we treasured when we were young," said Kimberly Mosley, association president. "I think that's why it's taken off — it really engages and hits both kids and adults."
Kate Nicolai, 36, found herself playing with it alongside her 5-year-old daughter as they stood in line at a boutique near their home in Norwood Park. The mother of two carries the putty around in her purse for those moments when boredom might strike. "Anytime we're waiting for something," out comes Crazy Aaron's putty, she said. "It's just malleable enough that it can be entertaining for hours. It's been such a lifesaver."
Crazy Aaron's is a lot older than some of its biggest school-aged fans. It's been around for more than a decade.
Creator Aaron Muderick launched Crazy Aaron's Puttyworld, in 2001 after years spent looking for "the ultimate desk toy," to keep him focused on his website design job. At one point he sold the putty under his desk at work. Crazy Aaron's was sold online exclusively until 2010 when it branched out to independent toy retailers and specialty shops. It's also made three appearances on shopping network QVC, and sold out each time, according to Carrie Mason, marketing manager at Crazy Aaron's Puttyworld.
The Narberth, Pa., Puttyworld is privately held and does not disclose its revenues. However, Mason said sales of the putty have increased every year since its been on the market. It's made in the U.S. and employs special-needs people to pack and package the product, Mason said.
"It's been probably one of our best smaller gift items for a few years now," said Scott Friedland, shopkeeper at Timeless Toys in the Lincoln Square neighborhood. "I just had to place a whole new order on it," he said, adding that his most recent reorder was the quickest turnaround he's ever had.
"Even a lot of adults buy it for themselves, and I keep it on my desk," said Friedland. "People seek it out, we get phone calls all the time; people asking, 'Do you have Crazy Aaron's?'"
What doesn't endear some parents is the inherent stickiness of the product, which makes it difficult to remove from things such as hair and fabrics.
That's in part why Nicolai keeps it in her purse and why Jones researched how to remove the putty from fabrics before she bought it for her daughters. (According to the website, 99 percent rubbing alcohol is ideal.)
But the potential for putty-stuck-in-hair isn't stopping Nicolai from buying her 3-year-old nephew his own tin for his upcoming birthday. "It gives my brother-in-law great anxiety," said Nicolai, because her nephew recently got her daughter's putty stuck in his hair.
Puttyworld's Mason won't say if or when Crazy Aaron's putty will turn up in larger retailers such as Wal-Mart, Walgreens or Target. "There's a lot of possibilities in our future," she said. "We're still deciding which way to go."
crshropshire@tribpub.com
Twitter @corilyns
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What makes a million dollar NRL player?
Posted on August 7, 2019 by pythagonrl
“He’s not worth a million a year!”
-NRL Twitter proverb
The trick in any sport is spending your available bankroll wisely. Soccernomics established that good soccer managers, among other things, bought players low and sold them high and that was at the heart of prolonged success. Moneyball was a two hour long movie with Brad Pitt about signing otherwise valuable players that the market had skipped over. We see that same principle at work in salary capped leagues too, whether it be the New England Patriots, the Melbourne Storm or the Sydney Roosters.
The NRL’s recent increase of salary cap has minted a number of millionaire rugby league players. There is a distinct element in the rugby league fanbase that can’t wrap their heads around players being worth those kinds of dollars.
But they are.
Let’s frame the problem. The salary cap is $10 million, give or take. That has to cover a roster of thirty players. The minimum wage is $100,000 per year, meaning that your minimum outlay is $3 million per annum (there is a salary floor, which is higher, but not really relevant). The cap functions in a more complex fashion than this but I’m trying to keep numbers round.
My contention is that a team of fringe first graders/top reserve graders would win two games in a season in the NRL. If you don’t believe me, here’s a list of players who worked their way out of Queensland Cup in 2017 or 2018: Brandon Smith, Matt Lodge, Jai Arrow, Payne Haas, Scott Drinkwater, Jahrome Hughes. You’ll be familiar with Harry Grant, Nicho Hynes, Edene Gebbie and Ethan Bullemor before long too.
That means that a team of guys who are worth the league minimum should win two games. All NRL premiership winners so far have come from the top four and an average of 15.0 wins is required to get this far up the ladder. The premiership winners themselves have averaged 16.9 wins. A reasonable target to put your team in contention is then sixteen, or fourteen wins more than a squad of fringe first graders.
The fringe first graders will cost you $3 million, so you need to spend $7 million to upgrade the squad to add enough talent to add on another fourteen games. In other words, each win above reserve grade is worth about half a million dollars in salary.
How do we identify which players are going to bring wins and pay them accordingly?
I use a metric called production. Production is basically the sum of getting the ball down the field, scoring or creating tries and not stuffing up. It doesn’t measure defensive capabilities well and misses intangibles that counting statistics don’t pick up. For example, the value of Cameron Smith and Cooper Cronk in 2019 is in yelling at teammates to get them organised, rather than actually doing anything with the ball, which is quite a rare skill. Production correlates well with overall win percentage but there are many ways to skin that cat.
A player who generates an average amount of production at that position is given a rating of .100. This is called Production Per Game or PPG. A player that is 10% more productive than average is given a rating of .110. A player 20% below, .080 and so on. Note that I’m not saying better: it’s about what players does that can be counted.
If you follow my weekly tips, you’ll see a team metric called xPPG. This attempts to estimate the amount of production we’ll see out of the team based on the players named. I recently put in the work to develop a relationship between two team’s xPPG and their respective likelihood of winning.
That light blue line is doing the heavy lifting and it has a coefficient of correlation of 0.40. Important to remember that this is not a super tight relationship, so anything downstream is going have some (unstipulated) error margins added.
We now have a means to rate the contribution to wins made by a player and a way to directly connect that to winning percentage. It should be clear how this relates to our initial problem but let’s look at Manly.
Manly shouldn’t have been a premiership contender, no matter how remote their current chances are, with their 2019 roster. At the time of writing, there’s only twelve players in the league rated at .140 or higher. Three play at Manly, the most of any team in the NRL. They are Tom Trbojevic (.163), Daly Cherry-Evans (.142) and Addin Fonua-Blake (.149). At various points in the year, they’ve missed games for suspensions, representative selections or injuries and been replaced by Brendan Elliot (.065) at 1, Kane Elgey (.081) at 7 and Toafofoa Sipley (.068) at 8.
Out of this triumvirate, the team’s performance is most tightly correlated to Trbojevic’s production. Although this may be a coincidence of small sample size but more likely reflects the fact that the average fullback contributes more to production than any other position (2.46 for fullback, 2.08 for halfback, 1.85 for prop compared to 27.6 in total for an average NRL team).
The team’s performance has suffered in each case when the fringe first grader has stepped in for the star:
In each player’s case, the team’s production with them in the team puts them above the league average and without them they’re below it. That’s the difference between making the finals and not.
In converting between team production and expected win percentage, I’m not saying that Turbo is responsible for 5.3 wins by himself, so should be on a salary of $2.5 million. The averages shown are not independent of each other. For example, this trio has played together in seven games this year and all three missed the round 9 loss to the Broncos. Trbojevic hasn’t had a game without both Fonua-Blake and Cherry-Evans.
But we can calculate the actual production brought by the player compared to his understudy and use that as a proxy to calculate their part of the additional wins they could be credited with.
I probably shouldn’t put the value in dollar terms, mostly because people’s minds melt when you convert abstract concepts into money, but it does get to the thrust of my post. Tom Trbojevic has added about $1.3 million of value over Brendan Elliot, who should be on a minimum wage but probably isn’t. Should he be paid accordingly?
For a start, we’re assuming the logic and data all holds up and there are admittedly wobbly bits in the structure (e.g. there are a myriad ways to approach this problem, including much more rigorous approaches, which would generate different answers, depending on what you value). We’re also projecting eight games of performance to cover a whole season, so Trbojevic merely has the capacity to add that value but hasn’t actually done so.
It’s questionable whether he would be able to maintain this pace over a season, let alone multiple years. The top fullback over the last six years has averaged .142. Trbojevic is another level higher this year but unlikely to be able to repeat this again in 2020. It would be silly to sign him up for $1.5 million based on eight games.
Still, it’s clear to me that players out there can generate a million dollars worth of value. If Trbojevic was able to maintain .140, as he did in 2017, that’s still worth two wins and a million bucks to this Manly team. There’s probably more players capable of that than you think.
tagged with million dollars, nrl, player, Ratings, rugby league, salary, value
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American Photographic Artists – Northwest
Exhibits & Contests
Find Chapter Members
About APA
American Photographic Artists (APA) is a 501(c)(6) not-for-profit association for professional photographers.
The American Photographic Artists is a leading national organization run by and for professional photographers. With a culture that promotes a spirit of mutual cooperation, sharing and support, APA offers outstanding benefits, educational programs and essential business resources to help its members achieve their professional and artistic goals. Headquartered in Santa Fe, NM with chapters in Atlanta, Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, San Diego, San Francisco, Charlotte, the Northwest and Washington, DC, APA strives to improve the environment for photographic artists and clear the pathways to success in the industry. Recognized for its broad industry reach, APA continues to expand benefits for its members and works to champion the rights of photographers and image-makers worldwide.
Members include professional photographers, photo assistants, educators, and students. We also welcome professionals engaged in fields associated with photography, advertising, or visual arts but who themselves are not professional photographers. Membership types can be found here, frequently asked questions here.
APA began in 1981 as Advertising Photographers of America. In June 2010, the name was changed to American Photographic Artists to reflect the growing diversity of our membership.
Our founding members, educated through the school of hard-knocks, started APA with the vision of mentoring the next generation of visual communicators. Now in our fourth decade, APA provides the tools that help members navigate the complex world of commercial photography and run a smarter, more creative and profitable business.
Original board members included; Russell Kirk, John Pilgreen, Michael Raab, Larry Robins, Jim Salzano, Steve Steigman, Bill Stetner and Michael Weinberg. In June 2010, the name was changed to reflect its growing need for a moniker that more accurately represents is current and future membership. Whether one is an advertising photographer, editorial, fine art, landscape, architectural shooter, or any kind of photographer, affiliate or assistant whose commerce is the uniquely crafted image, then American Photographic Artists, still known as APA, is the organization which aspires to support your success in the photographic arts.
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APA Membership Frequently Asked Questions are here
Tue 19th Sep, 2017
David Emmite: Mirth in Motion
Working and evolving while staying true to his own vision.
Mon 06th Apr, 2020
APA National Photographer to...
Providing links from our community in our new Photographer to Photographer forum.
Wed 02 May, 2018
6:30pm–9:00pm
Flying By The Seat of Your Pants
UPDATE 4/25/18 -- This event has been postponed indefinitely.
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Ryan J. Schmiesing
Vice Provost for Outreach and Engagement schmiesing.3@osu.edu
Ryan J. Schmiesing, PhD, began his appointment as vice provost for outreach and engagement on February 1, 2019, having previously served as vice provost for strategic planning and implementation.
As vice provost, his role includes, yet is not limited to, leadership for Ohio States outreach and engagement portfolio, operational and planning support with regional campuses, and support and supervision for the Sustainability Institute and the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. In previous roles within the Office of Academic Affairs, he supported strategic planning at the college and university levels and provided leadership for academic program reviews.
His research and published work in peer-reviewed journals focus on volunteer leadership and management, particularly related to university extension education. He has been a frequently invited speaker at local, state and national conferences on these topics and received the Distinguished Service Award from the National Association of Extension 4-H Agents.
Throughout his career he has focused on and led efforts related to program and strategic planning as well as improved organizational operations. With more than 20 years of experience in higher education, he has also worked at state and federal levels in program, youth and volunteer development.
Ryan began his undergraduate experience at Ohio State's Lima campus and earned his BS, MS, and PhD from The Ohio State University.
Jo'Vanna Zanders
zanders.3@osu.edu
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San Diego Planning Commission Likes Jen Campbell’s Plan for Short-Term Vacation Rentals
by Frank Gormlie on December 4, 2020 · 3 comments
in Ocean Beach, San Diego
The San Diego Planning Commission liked Councilmember Jen Campbell’s plan for short-term vacation rentals so much that on Thursday, they unanimously endorsed it and even made it more friendly towards STVR hosts.
The Commission raised the percentage cap of short-term rentals of the city’s housing units. Campbell had proposed 0.75 percent threshold of the city’s more than 540,000 housing units to be STVRs. The Commission raised the cap to 1 percent. Both Campbell’s and the Commission’s versions allow a “carve-out” for Mission Beach.
Proponents of the plan say the new regulations “would slash” the number of vacation rentals by a whooping 50%! Aren’t we lucky.
Apparently, a lot of people raised objections to Campbell’s plan. Commissioner James Whelan was quoted in the San Diego Union-Tribune as saying, “We received well over 200 comments in writing, and most of them were not supportive of doing short-term vacation rental ordinances.”
If approved by the City Council, the ordinance would go into effect Jan. 1, 2022. But it’s’ not clear that the newly-refurbished City Council will just lay down for those who want to see vacation rentals everywhere. Five brand new members will be sworn in on December 10.
Besides the raised cap, there’s nothing new. But, briefly, here is what the new proposed regulations would do:
the number of homes that could be fully rented out for short-term stays of less than 30 days while the owner or resident is not present would be capped at about 6,500 citywide;
this includes a carve-out for close to 1,100 such rentals in Mission Beach.
For all but the community of Mission Beach, the number of yearly vacation rentals that would be permitted would be capped at 1 percent of the city’s more than 540,000 housing units.
For Mission Beach, which has a long history of vacation rentals, the proportionate allowance would be much larger, representing 30 percent of the community’s total dwelling units.
Individuals would be limited to just one short-term rental license each as long as they had the right to occupy the dwelling unit being rented out;
a two-night minimum would be required of all guests for the rental of entire dwellings.
Licenses would be granted via a lottery,
This unanimous action by the Planning Commission – all mayoral appointees – is not all that surprising as it’s fairly known the Commission is developer-friendly and chummy with those who own STVRs – plus their mentor Mayor Faulconer also likes them.
This on-going, 5-year saga has continued without a consensus on regulations or enforcement. But then, in the middle of the pandemic, Campbell made an agreement with billion-dollar Expedia (who is pleased as punch with the Commission endorsement) and Unite Here Local 30, the hospitality workers’ union. Airbnb, the largest STVR company, wanted a higher cap at 1.2 per cent – and was not a party to the agreement.
And neither were the communities Jen Campbell is supposed to serve. They weren’t parties to the agreement nor were they consulted. Campbell was able to win the hearts (what’s left) and minds of the good folks who head up the Mission Beach Town Council. But that’s the extent of her “community support.”
From Lori Weisberg at the U-T:
Under the proposed regulations, the governance of short-term rentals would be guided by a tiered system that imposes no limits on those hosts who rent out a home for no more than 20 days out of the year. Similarly, there would be no limits for individuals who rent out a room or two in their home while they are residing there. The proposal also allows those owners or permanent residents to be absent from their units for up to 90 days in a year.
A large part of the proposed measure deals with enforcement, a vexing problem that has dogged the city for years and raised complaints from homeowners that the city has done little to crack down on problematic rentals with late-night noise and partying.
The measure outlines steps that would be taken for enforcing the new regulations, including the hiring of new code enforcement officers. Hosts who violate the regulations would be subject to fines and after three violations, a license could be revoked.
One Commissioner had an interesting idea: spread the STVR licenses out evenly across the nine city council districts. Commissioner Matthew Boomhower was critical of the lottery process. He said:
“There are certain neighborhoods in the city that are more popular for Airbnb hosts, and I want to make sure we are not inadvertently creating a situation where certain council districts that may be less economically affluent or less politically active will lose out on the ability to participate in this.
“While I recognize that the lottery process is random by nature, I want to make sure that council has the ability to consider how we make sure we’re distributing the lottery chances equitably across all San Diegans and not allowing it to be gobbled up by folks who have the good fortune to own property in our beach neighborhoods.”
If STVR licenses were spread out evenly in every council district, that could take the burden off the beaches and coastal areas.
Of course, anyone who has looked at this problem, sees a big issue with how anything will be enforced, even with the addition of a handful of new code enforcement officers.
Doug Blackwood December 5, 2020 at 2:45 pm
New City Council MEMBERS & MAYOR Gloria : NO NO NO!
Listen to us: we do not want VR’s! Maybe if the owner resides there; or recently built apartments?
We love our neighborhoods for residents!
nostalgic December 7, 2020 at 10:58 am
Other cities can and do manage this problem. They permit the traditional B&B, with the owner in occupancy and the “spare” bedrooms or units rented out. We heard on the radio in Asheville, NC: “If you don’t stay there, they don’t stay there. If you don’t understand this message, call this number ,,,,, ” This enables and requires the property owner/resident to be responsible for what is going on where they live and/or own.
kh December 8, 2020 at 1:19 am
1% per council district would actually result in a reduction of full time STRs in our district, with or without MB included. This would be an improvement over a 0.75% city-wide cap which would not be a reduction, despite what Campbell has claimed.
I’m sure the platforms know this and will probably push for a 1% citywide cap which is even worse. They do not want localized caps or distance requirements because it would require an actual concession on their part and they aren’t interested in compromise. They prefer the illusion of concessions that Campbell is pushing. .
Older Article: Two Runways at San Diego International Airport?
Newer Article: For First Time Ever, House of Representatives Passes Bill to Decriminalize Marijuana at Federal Level
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Tag Archives: meat puppets
The 22 concerts we missed most in 2020, starring Billie Eilish, BTS and Taylor Swift
2020, 2020 in review, Aftershock Fest, Bad Religion, Billie Eilish, Bob Dylan, BottleRock Napa, BTS, Einsturzende Neubaten, Guns N' Roses, Kraftwerk, meat puppets, Metallica, Mudhoney, my chemical romance, Nathaniel Rateliff, outside lands, Pearl Jam, Rage Against the Machine, Riot Fest, Roger Waters, san francisco symphony, Sound and Fury, Supergrass, Tame Impala, Taylor Swift, the airborne toxic event, The KIllers, The Most OK of 2020
Among the shows we most regret were canceled or postponed: BTS, Taylor Swift, Billie Eilish, Nathaniel Rateliff, The Killers, Mew, Guns N’ Roses, Metallica, BottleRock Napa Valley, Bad Religion, Rage Against the Machine, My Chemical Romance, Bob Dylan, Outside Lands, Kraftwerk, Supergrass, Roger Waters, Tame Impala, The Airborne Toxic…
Deep Purple, Iron Maiden, Johnny Winter, meat puppets, The Platters
Smoke on the water. The western span of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge photographed on Sept. 9, 2020. Jane Hu/STAFF. There’s a lot going on in the world that could inspire a column, even if I already wrote one of them in advance. But, like most of the rest…
Hardly Strictly Bluegrass: Emmylou Harris, Judy Collins sharp on final day
Alexander Baechle
Emmylou Harris, Fantastic Negrito, Flor de Toloache, Hardly Strictly, Hardly Strictly Bluegrass, HSB, Jackie Greene, Joan Osborne, Judy Collins, Kurt Vile, Kurt Vile & The Violators, Mandolin Orange, Mdou Moctar, meat puppets, Mireya Ramos, Moonalice, Nikki Lane, Pimps of Joytime, Rayland Baxter, The Prairie Singers, Y La Bamba
Emmylou Harris performs at Hardly Strictly Bluegrass at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco on Oct. 6, 2019. Photos: Martin Lacey. SAN FRANCISCO — Everything one could ask for from a music festival in Golden Gate Park was on display Sunday, as the 19th annual incarnation of Hardly Strictly…
SPRING TRAINING REWIND: Meat Puppets, Gin Blossoms and other Arizona exports
Alice Cooper, Gin Blossoms, meat puppets, Okilly Dokilly, Roger Clyne, The Refreshments
Alice Cooper enters the batter’s box. Courtesy. As you read this—assuming of course you’re frantically refreshing the site on the day it’s posted—I am in Mesa, Arizona to watch my beloved Oakland Athletics play baseball. Well… sort of, since they’re mostly players destined for the minor leagues and the…
ALBUM REVIEW: Meat Puppets dust off feel-good cowpunk on 15th album
Max Heilman
dusty notes, meat puppets
Whether they’re remembered for playing with Nirvana on MTV Unplugged in New York, or getting spat on for playing heartland rock to the SST crowd, Pheonix’s Meat Puppets never really got the break they deserved. Curt Kirkwood (guitar, vocals), his brother Cris (bass, backing vocals) and Derrick Bostrom (drums) godfathered…
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30 Jan, 2014 by Cal Thomas
Suppose a president of the United States delivered a State of the Union address and nobody cared? Isn’t that what happened Tuesday night when the increasingly irrelevant — and, yes, boring Barack Obama — droned on about predictable things in a predictable way? We have been forced to listen to him so many times (often several times in a single day) that it could qualify as cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Constitution.
One of the problems with political speech is that it exists in its own world and creates its own standards. Politicians measure their policies according to their own “facts,” ignoring outcomes that don’t fit their beliefs.
A new ABC News-Washington Post Poll reveals the problem for the president. After taking office with sky-high approval and credibility numbers, the president now finds that 63 percent of American voters surveyed lack any confidence he will make right decisions for the country’s future. Furthermore, according to the poll, 51 percent now believe he is not a strong leader.
Credibility and strength are the twin supports of any presidency. When they are gone, the administration crumbles in the minds of its citizenry and shrinks in stature around the world. In a world full of threats and challenges, this can only encourage America’s enemies, who might think they have nothing to fear from a toothless tiger.
Given the sources of information available to the average citizen, deconstructing the president’s grand claims is not difficult.
“Today, after four years of economic growth, corporate profits and stock prices have rarely been higher, and those at the top have never done better. But average wages have barely budged,” the president said. “Inequality has deepened. Upward mobility has stalled. The cold, hard fact is that even in the midst of recovery, too many Americans are working more than ever just to get by — let alone get ahead. And too many still aren’t working at all.”
Yet the nonpartisan Tax Foundation points to a Congressional Budget Office finding on income inequality: “Inequality today is slightly higher than the average of the past 30 years, but less than it was during the last two years of the Clinton administration.”
The president has mentioned the need for fixing American roads and bridges — infrastructure — in all of his State of the Union addresses. He claims the economy is improving and there has been strong job growth. Yet, according to a report from Sentier Research on household income trends, since President Obama came into office median household income has dropped by $3,827. It went from $56,124 in January 2009 to $52,297 in December 2013.
The poverty level, according to the U.S. Census, has increased during the same period, from 13.2 percent to 15 percent. A record 46.5 million Americans are now considered poor.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the average number of weeks the unemployed have been without jobs has nearly doubled during Obama’s presidency, from 19.8 weeks in January 2009 to 37.1 weeks in December 2013.
It’s easy to give a point-by-point rebuttal to an Obama speech, but why bother? America is getting over Barack Obama. He is like a holiday houseguest who stays too long. Increasing numbers of Americans are coming to realize their faith in him to “change the way Washington works” was misplaced, as it always is when anyone puts more hope in a politician than in one’s self.
All of the president’s laments and criticisms are about conditions that exist on his watch. It is his economy, his high unemployment rate, his dysfunctional health care plan and his ineffective foreign policy.
This presents an opportunity and a danger for Republicans. The opportunity is to fill the vacuum with proposals that will turn the country in a positive, more prosperous direction and reduce the size, cost and reach of the federal government. The danger is that Republicans will blow it, nominating candidates who cannot win with policies that are more negative than positive.
Nothing of legislative significance is likely to happen before the fall election. If Republicans reclaim the Senate, the president will be more than a lame duck. Politically he will be roadkill.
Also see,
Jay Leno: Mr. Nice Guy
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The Killer
From the beginning, crazy things have surrounded the project that became Fireball. In October 2012 when I climbed the killer mountain to the site of the crash of TWA Flight 3, which had occurred more than 70 years earlier, I wasn’t prepared for the experience of the people who had died there whispering to me. I had climbed 4,000 feet pretty much straight up to see the spot where Carole Lombard met her fate and to examine the wreckage of the plane still on the mountainside. The last thing I expected was for the others to make their presence known; don’t get me wrong, I don’t mean to say that I heard voices, but I felt the people around me, including in my ears, and when I held a human bone in my hand that day I wasn’t creeped out, because I understood what it was: communication.
I don’t know if I inadvertently trod on 2nd Lt. Kenneth Donahue that autumn day four years ago because I don’t know exactly where they found him. Come to think of it, was it Donahue who took the time to hover around me? Who knows, but found he was, in April 2014, by people exploring the site as once I had explored it. There were twenty-two souls aboard Flight 3 when she hit that Nevada cliff at 180 miles per hour after dark on January 16, 1942—a flight crew of three, four civilians, and fifteen Army personnel. Three of those fifteen couldn’t be identified because of the horrific nature of the crash, and Donahue was one of them. When remains were found at the site last year, the coroner’s office sent out a team for recovery, and the starting point for DNA testing was that list of three lost men, which was obtained by reading Fireball. This being the coldest of cases, finding family members and securing DNA samples took more than a year, but finally a positive match confirmed that this was Second Lieutenant Donahue, a native of Stoughton, Massachusetts, and copilot of heavy bombers in the Army Ferrying Command.
One of the 15 Army flyboys that perished aboard TWA Flight 3 was 2nd Lt. Kenneth Donahue, a co-pilot in the Army Ferrying Command.
Here’s the crazy part. The trade paperback edition of Fireball is about to go to press in time for the 75th anniversary of the crash, and I just barely have minutes to get Donahue’s story in there. It reminds me very much of dear Mary Johnson Savoie, the “human computer” who flew across the country with Carole Lombard and became a survivor of Flight 3 when she was forced off the plane in Albuquerque—so Kenneth Donahue and his mates could climb aboard. Through an improbable series of circumstances set in motion by my pal Tom Wilson, Mary popped up at age 92 in a retirement facility in Lake Charles, Louisiana, and I interviewed her at length and rushed her story into Fireball just before it went to press. Mary lived long enough for me to sit and read her every passage recounting her story, and then passed on two months later. Her story was meant to be told, and now Kenneth’s story is meant to be told and will be told in the expanded trade paper version of Fireball.
As Lieutenant Donahue’s niece Maureen Green told me last evening, “Kenneth hung out until the right person and the right technology came along and he could make it home. I think that’s how things work.” The right person was Clark County Coroner’s investigator Felicia Borla and a team of experts, whose part of the story was reported in Biddeford’s Journal Tribune. The right technology was DNA testing that confirmed a match from a simple cheek swab. Confirmation set into motion events that took the small casket containing Donahue’s remains from McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas to Hartsfield-Jackson in Atlanta, where Delta arranged an honor guard that transferred the lieutenant from one plane to another. Then he flew to Logan in Boston where another honor guard saw the casket safely into a hearse for one last commute to Biddeford, Maine.
No one alive today in the Donahue family remembers Kenneth, but his niece Maureen has always felt a special connection. Maureen’s mother Rita was Kenneth’s younger sister and Maureen heard stories of Kenneth’s life and death, and grew up with a portrait of the young serviceman in her home. Rita passed on in 1999, but the connection between Maureen and Kenneth remained strong, so strong that when the Clark County Coroner called in February 2015, she said, “I knew it was him.”
Thirty-six hours after the crash of Flight 3, body recovery has begun.
The same place in 2012, still guarding its secrets.
As recounted in Fireball, in 1942 most of the crash victims were positively identified, but the coroner had parts of some bodies and these were cremated and divided into three urns for shipment home to the families of the Army fliers who couldn’t be identified. That’s what was buried in Biddeford’s St. Mary’s Cemetery in 1942, and Maureen’s mother used to talk about what a tough moment it was when they played “Taps” at the graveside.
Well, on August 12, Kenneth came home to a formal military graveside service that Maureen and her older sister Peggy found emotional. Then, a soldier in formal dress blues stood under a tree and began to play “Taps.” It was quite a moment for Maureen, who felt the connection to Kenneth, and to her mother and that story of a lone bugler in 1942. “I got it right then,” she said. “I understood.”
Posted in Fireball-Related and tagged Biddeford army burial, fireball carole lombard, fireball robert matzen, Flight 3 Las Vegas, Kenneth Donahue Carole Lombard, Kenneth Donahue Flight 3, lombard gable, lombard plane crash, Potosi remains on August 23, 2016 by rmatzen. 28 Comments
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The Time I Was a Legend →
royal1422@aol.com says:
Christopher Pike says:
With all of those who have visited the site in the past, how could those bones have been overlooked? Just amazing!
rmatzen says:
I don’t know, Christopher–I’ve asked myself that. A big factor is the nature of the crash in winter in two feet of snow and bodies tossed all about, in some cases for a hundred feet or more. Then there’s the loose shale in some places so one spring rain or just snow melt could cover over a body in shale. And brush, there’s a lot of brush up there that obscures things. So despite official and unofficial searches, he stayed up there 73 years.
Wayne Madison says:
Hello Robert, I just finished the book and found it absolutely mesmerizing. One factual error though: Robert Stack never won an Academy Award. He was nominated once, in 1956, but didn’t win. Otherwise, a superb rendering of a fascinating tragedy and all who were affected by it. Many thanks, and keep writing!
Leave it to me, Wayne. I can find the most obscure fact from a document buried in federal archives for 70 years, but miss an obvious fact about the Academy Awards. I’m sitting here crying because I did something just as stupid in the Mission manuscript and it has gone to press and then I realized. I should make it a contest to spot the stupid thing Robert did this time. Anyway, rest assured that the error about Mr. Stack was corrected in the trade paperback version of Fireball that will be released in January; otherwise, thank you for your kind words.
What a cool response; thanks! I look forward to reading more of your writing.
I recently completed my first novel, & am seeking attention for it. Would it be OK if i send you a copy of the manuscript? If you like it (ahem) and could send it along to any interested publishers I’d be forever grateful. But one step at a time.
Thanks & best wishes,
Gail Dedrick says:
Wow. Powerful stuff. I shed a tear on that one, despite sitting in the middle of a large office in Manhattan.
Tom Wilson says:
Wow. The story keeps going. Thanks!
ansoniadesign says:
Oh, and Robert, what did they whisper to you?
It wasn’t whisper-whispering, Gail, as in words in my ear, but it was a very strong impression from them to me: We’re here, and we feel like we’ve been forgotten.
I totally understand. You have been their voice.
Rob W. says:
Hello Robert, my brother and I hiked to the site in May ’16 via the maintenance road route. It was our second visit, the first was in April ’15. We immediately noticed large piles of soil indicating some sort of excavating had taken place since our initial trip. We’d assumed it was due to reckless treasure hunters and were angered and disgusted by the condition of that sacred ground. Now I’m assuming it was the result of the CO recovery effort. Whichever, it was nonetheless disheartening to arrive to that scene and can only hope the site is restored. Also, we couldn’t find certain crash debris items that were present in 4/15 and assume they were taken as souvenirs. We did find some poignant reminders including a clothing button and a silver spoon with TWA markings…really put things into perspective.
That’s interesting about the missing debris. When I was there, larger pieces still littered the area–it’s sad if they’re gone now. I like the physical connection between the plane, the people, and today. Thanks for the report, Rob.
I would be shocked if the bigger plane debris is gone. I mean, weren’t some of them huge? Like parts of the engine?
When I was there, some pieces of fuselage three and four feet long were present. The toilet from the lavatory was still there. And of course the engines and landing gear. Plus many smaller pieces. Brush and cactus had grown up around some of it. Someone determined could have gotten the aluminum sections out, but you’re right, Gail, the engines and landing gear will probably remain.
The engines and landing gear are there along with plenty of aluminum shards of various size. There was an oxygen tank in 4/15 that I turned over and was shocked to find a scorpion underneath it (didn’t know they lived at that elevation). But I didn’t see it in May and we were there much longer than the first visit. It just seemed like much of the debris was farther down slope than before. We had intended to spend the night on the flat ridge above the crash site and brought the necessary provisions, which made a very tough hike almost unbearable. But the wind forced us to abandon that plan and we made it back to the car at sunset. This latest visit had a sadder feel for me, partly because of the way the site was disturbed by the excavation. I don’t think I’ll go there again.
The irony is, of course, that the telling of stories of these forgotten souls has brought increased awareness of the crash site. Change is inevitable, though, be it man or nature.
I am as fascinated by this story as the next guy, but ultimately, it is the lives these people led that we must remember, not how they died.
I’m not one who exactly embraces change, so I’m not thrilled with the disturbances on Potosi whether made by the coroner’s office or whomever. That said, you’re right, Gail, change is the way of life and I’m dragged kicking and screaming into it all the time.
And, right again, these bright young people boarded that plane and lifted off into the future and in some sense I like to believe Fireball keeps them alive, or at least keeps our memories of them alive and fresh. And the finding of Lieutenant Donahue brings to focus not the bones but the flesh-and-blood pilot loved and missed by a family.
I remember the oxygen tank, and don’t you wonder why somebody lugged it out of there, and how it was done given that terrain? There was a stack of rusting tin cans on that ridge and I wondered when they were from–did you see that there?
Rob, where exactly was the excavation? In the ravine under the cliff? Did it extend to the base of the cliff?
It’s possible the tank is still up there but, if so, it’s well hidden. I did see some cans which looked pretty ancient scattered about, have no clue who left them. I can report the ice bucket is there; of all the items you’d think that would be a desirable souvenir. There were two distinct mounds of dirt at the base of the granite wall, both close to where Carole was found. There is a 15′ log that extends from the face of the wall pointing downslope and beside it is where the activity occurred. I should confess I removed a number of bright green ribbons tied to tree branches marking the way from the maintenance road to directly above the crash site. At the time I thought they were placed by other hikers but now it makes sense they were placed by the CO recovery team. My brother filmed our exploration with his GoPro, we’d be happy to send you a DVD copy!
Yes, Robb, I would be very interested to see your video of visiting the site. I will email you separately about it. Thanks!
The cans are from the smelting operation, yes? I will admit, I understand why people trek there. There is something about this site that pulls one to it. http://www.lostflights.com/Commercial-Aviation/11642-TWA-TWA-Douglas-DC-3/i-86z3hX6
The cans could be from the time of removal of large pieces of the wreck, but there’s no way to be sure.
I have a feeling Lt. Donahue COULD have been found immediately after the crash and buried immediately and that his remains surfaced during this latest period.In your book. Robert, you document in Fireball the finding of part of a body, part of a torso, badly burned a few weeks after the crash, which was buried by the discoverers at the site of the crash. This revelation precipitated the blasting of parts of the cliff by the army and the airlines, as I recall reading in Fireball, to further bury the wreckage, around March or April of ’42. If you are somehow able to obtain details about the type of bones found of Lt. Donahue, you might be able to then compare his bones with what was described in your book. If there is no match, then ANOTHER large portion of a body of an unknown person, likely a flyer, discovered after the crash, still remains buried there. Did this thought ever come to you? It must have.
Oh yes, Christopher, it’s come to me. I forwarded the coroner’s investigator the original TWA letter from April of 1942 about the recovered body an she and I had a conversation about it. She is certain it’s not the same set of remains because the 1942 body was described as being heavily burned. Examination revealed that the remains of Lt. Donahue were only slightly burned, meaning he was thrown clear of the wreck and, I guess, landed in deep snow and was missed because of it in the chaos of the weekend. But that was my first thought when I learned of the discovery, that the body reburied in 1942 had finally been discovered. So, yes, there is at least one more person on the mountain. Or more.
Thanks for the reply. Something tells me to go there, and I hope it’s not just obsession.
Need to speak with you privately…
Do you mean me or Robert M.?
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The hypocrisy of Putin’s Russian exceptionalism
March 21, 2015 August 29, 2015 / Russian Avos / 2 Comments
Vladimir Putin’s recent admission that he was ready to put Russia’s nuclear arsenal in a state of combat readiness prior to the annexation of Crimea is a stark reminder that when it comes to criticizing the extreme dangers of “exceptionalism”, the Russian president is woefully (or perhaps willfully) blind to the plank in his own eye.
One year after the Crimean Peninsula was formally absorbed into the Russian Federation, the country’s propaganda apparatus has been in full overdrive. “Crimea: The Road Home,” a two-plus hour pseudo-documentary that aired on Russian state television on Sunday, is perhaps the apotheosis of media-generated content in post-Madian Russia.
To venture into this manufactured world of light and dark forces is to confront a parallel reality built on unqualified conspiracies; a realm in which the United States is the puppet master behind all disorder, Ukrainian nationalists were preparing to poison the water supply on the peninsula, and Russia was compelled to act and save its own people from certain destruction. What, to an outsider, appears to be a bizarre simulacrum of reality seemingly lifted from an 80s action film, is ultimately a glimpse into the prism through which many Russians see the world today.
Putin, of course, plays the central role in this contrived narrative, and on Sunday, the coup de théâtre was all his.
In a documentary packed with half-truths played off as facts and actual facts failing to make the final cut, Putin sent shockwaves through the largely jaded Russia-watching community and beyond by admitting that nuclear weapons were on the table when it came to bringing Crimea back into the fold.
“We were ready to do this [put Russia’s nuclear weapons in a state of alert],” he said.
“I told them openly that [Crimea] is our historic territory. Russian people live there, they are in danger, we can’t abandon that.”
He further said Moscow had never thought about “severing Crimea from Ukraine” until the “government overthrow,” though there is evidence that such plans had been in effect for at least a year (and possibly as early as 2005).
Seeing how Ukraine had jettisoned its nuclear arsenal under the 1994 Budapest Memorandum in return for assurances its territorial integrity would be respected, that Putin would risk nuclear war to annex a piece of Ukrainian territory is perhaps the mother of all ironies.
The absurdity of the situation is further demonstrated by the fact that Russia is technically obligated to seek out “immediate United Nations Security Council action…if Ukraine should become a victim of an act of aggression or an object of a threat of aggression in which nuclear weapons are used.”
The hastily organized sham referendum which followed the Russian military occupation should be understood in this context, as Moscow needed a justification (no matter how flimsy) to not only shirk its obligations under the memorandum, but to trample all over them. Moscow, in fact, would later argue it was never required to force Ukrainian citizens to remain within Ukraine under the agreement, providing context to why the no-status quo ballot was rushed through, with Crimean MPs literally under the gun, according to onetime rebel leader and “former” Russian Federal Security Service Colonel Igor Girkin.
And even if the nuclear threat was a made for TV moment, it’s a telling admission, given that Putin and his team were fully aware of how it would play out domestically, and opted to run with it.
Which is to say, the relentless propaganda effort aimed at the Russian population has fostered a siege mentality, a worldview in which Russia was nearly forced to deploy nuclear weapons in the face of a perceived existential crisis. There was no bridge too far when it came to securing the motherland, (except, perhaps, for the Kerch Strait Bridge.)
Russia has spent the better part of the last year tearing Ukraine apart, and yet its people view themselves as the victims. Putin has tapped into a deep, deep sentiment (or in Kierkegaard’s words, ressentiment), which informs much of the citizenry. And even as Putin is the puppet master of this stage managed reality, it is a sentiment that he, at least on some level, believes himself.
In the words of the 20th century slavophile Ivan Ilyin (who is said to be Putin’s favorite philosopher), the West neither understands Russia nor tolerates its identity.
“They are going to divide the united Russian ‘broom’ into twigs to break those twigs one by one and rekindle with them the fading light of their own civilization,” Ilyin wrote.
Putin himself said much the same thing this past December to the chagrin of Western journalists, though his folksy analogy was deadly serious.
“Sometimes I think, maybe they’ll let the bear eat berries and honey in the forest, maybe they will leave it in peace. They will not. Because they will always try to put him on a chain, and as soon as they succeed in doing so they tear out his fangs and his claws.”
And what do the fangs and claws represent? Why of course, Russia’s nuclear deterrent.
“Once they’ve taken out his claws and his fangs, then the bear is no longer necessary. He’ll become a stuffed animal. The issue is not Crimea, the issue is that we are protecting our sovereignty and our right to exist.”
Now, to understand how one country can actively dismember its neighbor while speaking of defending its right to exist, it is necessary to understand what Putin means when he says “we.”
In his own words, Russia is not just a state, but “ a unique sociocultural civilizational community” which sees “Russians” occupying its “cultural nucleus.”
Within this world view, the notion of Westphalian sovereignty is supplanted by the deeper, “sociocultural civilizational community” that Ukraine is prima facie a part of.
Hence, Kiev’s westward drift was construed as an act that undermined Russia’s own civilization, and, as the story told in doublespeak goes, a conscious effort to rip Ukraine apart is viewed as an act of preserving Russia.
So when Putin calls large swaths of Eastern Ukraine by its czarist designation, “Novorossiya”, or when he refers to Crimea as Russia’s “Temple Mount,” he is not only reinforcing Russia’s creation myth, he is obliquely denying agency to every other nation in the region.
During the Seliger 2014 National Youth Forum in August, for example, a young woman (arguably a plant) asked Putin if a Ukrainian scenario could be repeated in Kazakhstan following President Navarbayev’s departure.
Putin, in turn, said that Navarbayev had “accomplished a unique thing” in creating a state on a territory “where there had never been a state.”
“The Kazakhs had never had statehood,” he reiterated.
The lesson for Kazakhstan is the same one Georgia learned during the 2008 war (Putin in fact told CNN that those who wished for the recently integrated Abkhazia and South Ossetia to remain a part of Georgia “are Stalinists”), and the same lesson that keeps Azerbaijan and Armenia on short chains regarding Nagorno-Karabakh: every state in the region runs the risk of being dismembered if they cross their self-appointed suzerain.
Last September, Putin assailed US President Barack Obama for making a case for American exceptionalism, warning it is “extremely dangerous” to encourage people to view themselves as exceptional, no matter the motivation.
“There are big countries and small countries, rich and poor, those with long democratic traditions and those still finding their way to democracy. Their policies differ, too. We are all different, but when we ask for the Lord’s blessings, we must not forget that God created us equal.”
And yet, in the post Soviet world, all states are not created equally. In a strange metaphysical morality play in which Putin has rhetorically supplanted the rights of states for his self-proclaimed civilization, to cross Moscow is to risk a lesson in forceable, real life cartography.
Viewed threw this lens of Russian exceptionalism, one year on, the lesson of Crimea is clear.
For unruly sheep which stray too far from the flock, they might soon learn the hard way that the shepherd will stop at nothing to strip them of their pasture, a pasture which he always regarded as his own to begin with. And as the world was not so subtly reminded on Sunday, this is a shepherd who carries a big stick indeed.
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Done Dreaming – Interview with Fever Joy
rockyourlyrics November 18, 2019 11 views
Rock Interviews11 views 09 min read
How would you describe your music?
A juxtaposition of the in-your-face timbre of rock and the more empathetic side of the pop. The yin and yang of pop and rock.
What inspired the track “Done Dreaming”?
“Done Dreaming” refers to the refusal of simply dreaming about something that will never come, and the action of actually doing it. The feeling of being fed up with constantly chasing dreams and never feeling like you’re getting where you want to be. We need to realize that the most important moment of our lives is the present moment and what we do right now matters. Stop waiting for that dream to “happen” and start living like you’re living your dream Now!
What message do you hope your music spreads?
That we should love people for who they are, and not who we want them to be. More so that whatever brings you happiness is something you should do, and not be afraid of unless it actively encroaches on other people’s happiness.
Awareness, healing, love, human emotional, physical, and spiritual connections.
Can you tell us about “Reflections”?
“Reflections” is the documentation of events that transpired leading up to creating this first EP. We wanted to use the things that were troubling us in our lives and make them into something people could relate to. Every song is a page out of our personal journals and encompasses 5 different experiences / moments / situations that, after intense moments of reflecting, shaped who we are right now. Our desire is that others will be inspired as well by our experiences.
Which is your favourite song to perform live and why?
Sean: I would say that my favorite is “Crazy Love.” When I came up with the intro riff for it, everyone was skeptical about it, and didn’t want to have it in the song. I knew there was something to it though, and I fought to keep it. Now everytime we play it means that much more to me because I stood by my intuition.
Avery: Mine is “Crazy Love.” I still relate to this song, even today, and that influences the amount of emotion I pour into it while performing and it just gives it a whole different level of intensity to sing it to the audience. I literally get to jam out to my favorite song and sing my heart out words that are very important to who I am.
If you could have anyone, in the world, attend a show, who would it be?
Sean: Either Duff man, Keanu Reeves, or Jimmy Paige. I love free beer, John Wick Quotes and Led Zeppelin.
Avery: Someone who feels alone, because the way we go about our performance, I think that they’ll be able to walk away and know that they aren’t alone, we’re all going through similar shit and now we can go through it together.
Do you prefer performing live or recording?
Sean: I really honestly love them both pretty equally for different reasons, but if I had a gun to my head I would have to say recording. I love creating a story not only lyrically, but also sonically, and figuring out how the two can interact with each other.
Avery: Ah they’re such different experiences! Live is so fun because we can let loose, connect with others, and feel free. Being in the studio is also magic because we are creating the music, and experimenting with sounds and notes and lyrics in order to form the best combination of them all.
What is the story behind the band name?
Fever Joy is meant to be seen as a binary. We were thinking that there needed to be two opposing words put together. Because that is how we view life. There is good and bad. We try to understand that both are temporary, and not dwell on the bad, and soak up the good while it is here.
How did the band come together?
Avery: We met randomly at an open mic night in Orange County. I had been playing open mics for awhile was sick of performing solo, and Sean just so happened to wanted to start a band with a female as vocalist. We jammed one day and it was obvious that we had the same vision for music, and we were easily able to translate each other’s feelings and experiences into that music.
Sean: One of my friends at the time had told me to go to an open mic to check out this girl who he had seen a few times. I didn’t really think anything of it because I had been to a lot of open mics and never really expected anything. I went, and Avery was playing. I heard her sing and thought she had a great voice, and had a lot of raw talent. On my drive back from the open mic I looked up her music and listened for a while until I came across a cover she did of “All I Want” by Kodaline. That was the moment I realized I needed to make music with her. Her voice had so much emotion that I heard the song in a way I had never heard before. It made me feel all the words in a different way. I contacted her after that, and the rest is history.
What motivates you most when writing music?
Sean: Music has always brought me an immense amount of joy, connectedness, and understanding. Because of that I have always wanted to contribute to that feeling and connectedness for others. That’s what primarily motivates me.
Avery: Personal emotional release. I write when I’m upset, angry, inspired…I have to let my feelings out. Also the hope that I can connect with someone else that is having similar feelings towards things. Not feeling alone is one of the best feelings in the world.
Which music/artists are you currently listening to?
Avery: Pink Floyd, Halsey, Alt J
Sean: Cream, Anderson Paak, Veers, Hozier
What or who was your inspiration to go into the music industry?
Avery: I knew I could write lyrics, and I knew my voice was able to emote the emotion I wanted to put into the lyrics. It’s one of the hardest industries in the world to be in, but I knew I had a life-long message to give, and this is the way I am going to do it. I’ve never questioned or doubted my decision. I’ve always known this is what I wanted to do.
Sean: My dad was always my inspiration to start playing music. All my earliest memories in life are those of him playing artists like Led Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix, Black Sabbath and B.B. King for me. When he died when I was 19 it made the reality of death really apparent to me. I decided I didn’t want to spend my life doing anything else other than playing music.
If you could collaborate with another artist, who would it be?
Avery: Halsey. That collab would be so intense. We need more female collaborations in the pop/rock/alt-pop world.
Sean: Gary Clark Jr. – I am such a fan of his guitar playing. I would love to be a part of anything he is creating.
Can you share your socials?
https://feverjoymusic.com
https://www.facebook.com/feverjoymusic
https://www.instagram.com/feverjoy/
https://open.spotify.com/artist/3HbQVxwSYOyz9FwfkQr5md
https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/id1391381424
https://www.youtube.com/c/feverjoy
Avery RobitailleCrazy LoveDone DreamingFever Joyinterviewinterview Fever JoyReflectionsSean Bakersongwriting
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Home > Opinions > Gelhaus v. Nevada Irrigation Dist.
Gelhaus v. Nevada Irrigation Dist.
Gelhaus v. Nevada Irrigation Dist. , 43 Cal.2d 779
[Sac. No. 6473. In Bank. Jan. 14, 1955.]
M. F. GELHAUS et al., Plaintiffs; A. F. GELHAUS et al., Appellants, v. NEVADA IRRIGATION DISTRICT, Respondent.
Floyd H. Bowers and Thomas F. Sargent for Appellants.
Minasian & Minasian, P. J. Minasian, James K. Abercrombie, Vernon F. Gant, Ronald Harris, Harry Horton and Rutherford, Jacobs, Cavalero & Dietrich for Respondent.
TRAYNOR, J.
Plaintiffs A. F. Gelhaus and Elvera H. Gelhaus appeal from a judgment entered after the granting of defendant's motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict in an action brought to recover damages for breach of a contract to supply water. Stated most favorably to plaintiffs. the facts are as follows: In May, 1950, defendant irrigation district's ditch tender Huber took the application of A. F. Gelhaus, hereinafter referred to as plaintiff, for 10 miner's inches continuous flow of water, knowing that plaintiff would run it through his fish hatchery located on land owned by him. It was understood that after the water was [43 Cal.2d 781] run through the hatchery it would be used by plaintiff's son to irrigate 20 acres of pasture land farmed by the latter. Plaintiff signed a written application for water prepared on a form supplied by defendant. The application was also signed by Huber and approved by defendant's main office. It provided that "The Applicant requests you to supply water for Irrigation purposes .... Continuous flow of 10 miner's inches .... To be used on the property owned by A. F. Gelhaus .... Acres irrigated: Orchard __________, Garden __________, Pasture 20 __________, Crop Acreages 20 __________ Service of water to be in accordance with conditions printed on the back of this application. ..." (The italicized parts were written in on the printed form.) Although plaintiff's son signed the application in the place provided for the applicant's signature, plaintiff also signed it in the blank following the words "Collect from" with the understanding that he was to be a party to the contract. It was provided on the back of the application that it was made "under and subject to the By- Laws, Rules and Regulations, and rates of tolls and charges adopted or to be adopted by the Board of Directors" of defendant, and a copy of the rules and regulations was given to plaintiff. On the morning of September 4, 1950, plaintiff discovered that the fish in his hatchery were dead or dying owing to a water failure. No water was running from defendant's ditch into plaintiff's ditch, and plaintiff's reservoir, which could hold a two-day supply of water, was empty. Although at the trial defendant introduced evidence that there was no water shortage on September 4th and that an adequate supply was being delivered to the ditch that supplied plaintiff, plaintiff and another witness testified that defendant's superintendent told them the day after the fish were lost that the water had been shut off. On the basis of the foregoing facts the jury returned a verdict in favor of plaintiffs for $9,416, the value of the fish lost.
Defendant contends that the trial court properly granted its motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict on the ground that the written contract precludes imposing liability for the loss of fish. It relies primarily on rule 15 of its rules and regulations, which provides that "No purchaser of any water from the District acquires any proprietary right therein by reason of such use, nor does such purchaser acquire any right to re-sell such water, or to use it for a purpose other than that for which it was applied, nor to use it on [43 Cal.2d 782] premises other than as stated at the time of making application." [1] It has been held in this state that a water company is not liable for damages resulting from a failure to supply water for a particular use in the absence of a specific undertaking to supply water for that use. (Hunt Bros. Co. v. San Lorenzo etc. Co., 150 Cal. 51, 59 [87 P. 1093, 7 L.R.A.N.S. 913]; Niehaus Bros. v. Contra Costa Water Co., 159 Cal. 305, 318 [113 P. 375, 36 L.R.A.N.S. 1045]; see San Leandro v. Railroad Com., 183 Cal. 229, 233 [191 P. 1].) It would appear that one purpose of rule 15 was to insure the applicability of the foregoing holdings and thus limit the risks assumed by defendant to those flowing from a failure to supply water for the purpose stated in the application. [2] Moreover, it was entirely reasonable for defendant to limit its undertaking. Defendant is an irrigation district serving a mountainous county. Most of its water is supplied through open canals and ditches. Thus the water supplied to plaintiff had to flow through 50 miles of mountain ditches and flumes before it reached the Sontag ditch from which plaintiff was supplied. The Sontag ditch itself was 2 1/2 miles long, and plaintiff's outlet was the last of 14 on that ditch. Defendant's experience demonstrated that it was impossible to prevent interruptions in service at the end of such a ditch system with the personnel available to it. Despite these difficulties, however, defendant was in a position to supply adequate service for irrigation purposes. Temporary interruptions in such service would ordinarily be harmless and the shortages so caused could be made up by supplying additional water after service was restored. A fish hatchery, on the other hand, requires a constant flow of water to supply oxygen to the fish, and an undertaking to supply water adequate for hatchery purposes would involve duties defendant was not in a position to discharge. Accordingly, by providing in its contract that plaintiff acquired no right to use the water for other than irrigation purposes, defendant made clear that it was under no duty to supply water for other purposes, and it cannot therefore be held liable for damages occasioned solely by the inadequacy of its service to satisfy such purposes.
[3] Plaintiff contends, however, that use of the water for a fish hatchery was not excluded by the terms of the contract but was included within the meaning of the provision for the irrigation of 20 acres of crop. He points out that in the fish raising business it is common to refer to fish [43 Cal.2d 783] as a crop and to measure production in terms of so many fish or pounds of fish per acre. He also relies on the extrinsic evidence that Huber knew he wanted the water for his hatchery; that other water users operated hatcheries with water supplied by defendant under the same contract provision; and that on 16 occasions defendant restored service after interruptions at his request knowing that he was in immediate need of water for his hatchery. When the provision for the irrigation of 20 acres of crop is considered in the light of all of the surrounding circumstances, however, it is not reasonably susceptible of the interpretation contended for by plaintiff, and the extrinsic evidence relied upon by him does not support his position.
The stated purpose for which the water was applied aptly described the use to be made of it by plaintiff's son, who signed the contract as applicant. Plaintiff's son had leased 20 acres of pasture from plaintiff on which he raised clover, and he used the water supplied by defendant to irrigate this land. There is no suggestion in the language of the contract that another unspecified purpose was included within its terms, and there was no evidence that plaintiff understood the provision for water for irrigation of 20 acres of crop to mean water for his hatchery. The surface area of the water in the hatchery was not more than a fraction of an acre, and plaintiff testified that he did not use the water for irrigation thus indicating that he did not understand that word in the sense for which he now contends. Moreover, the only purpose for which plaintiff wanted the water was to run it through his hatchery, and it is hardly conceivable that had he intended to have the right to do so secured by the terms of his written contract, he would have left it to be inferred from the provision that on its face deals only with his son's needs.
The fact that defendant knew that plaintiff and other subscribers under similar contracts used its water for raising fish or wanted it primarily for that purpose is not evidence that by contracting to supply water for irrigation it assumed the obligation to provide service adequate for a hatchery. The operation of a fish hatchery requires a constant flow of water to supply the fish with adequate oxygen. Irrigation needs, on the other hand, may be met with much less regular service, and shortages may be made up by additional service after temporary stoppages. [4] By contracting to supply a continuous flow for irrigation purposes defendant [43 Cal.2d 784] assumed only those risks of damages that would ordinarily result from temporary interruptions in the supply of water for irrigation. On the other hand, it was of no concern to defendant that its subscribers might run its water through their hatcheries so long as defendant was not required to provide service adequate for that use. Moreover, the record makes clear that defendant did not at any time render adequate service to plaintiff for the supply of his hatchery and that in the past plaintiff had governed his operations accordingly. He maintained a reservoir with a two-day capacity, which he checked daily, and on three-hours notice he could arrange to supply his hatchery with water from another source. It does not appear from the record why these precautionary measures failed to prevent plaintiff's loss in this case. Another of defendant's subscribers testified that he had storage capacity for a week's supply of water because he knew of the difficulties defendant had in supplying water. On 16 occasions before the water failure of September 4th plaintiff had to notify defendant of a water shortage and on one of these occasions he lost some of his fish. Since defendant was obligated to supply water for irrigation purposes, however, the fact that it responded to plaintiff's calls by restoring service on these occasions does not indicate any admission on its part of an obligation to supply water for hatchery purposes.
[5] There is likewise no merit in plaintiff's contention that defendant's conduct after the contract was executed estops it from relying on the stated purpose of its service as a limitation upon the liability it assumed. Thus, as stated above, defendant at no time led plaintiff to believe that he could rely on its service for the supply of his hatchery, and the most that he could expect on the basis of past experience was that service would be restored a few hours after complaint was made. Plaintiff testified, however, that by the time he discovered the water failure of September 4th, it was too late to save his fish within the time ordinarily required to restore service.
Gibson, C.J., Edmonds, J., Schauer, J., and Spence J., concurred.
The majority opinion does not give proper effect to the extrinsic evidence which the jury found adequate in construing [43 Cal.2d 785] the contract as requiring that water be supplied for a fish hatchery.
When this case was before the District Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District, Mr. Justice Schottky of that court prepared a very able and learned opinion which adequately disposes of all of the issues in this case, which opinion was concurred in by Presiding Justice Van Dyke and Mr. Justice Peek of that court. The District Court of Appeal in said opinion held that the trial court erred in granting respondent's motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict. It reversed the judgment with directions to the trial court to enter judgment on the verdict. The opinion of the District Court of Appeal is reported in 265 P.2d at page 530. I am in full accord with the views expressed by the District Court of Appeal in said opinion and I adopt the same as my dissent.
Shenk, J., concurred.
Fri, 01/14/1955 43 Cal.2d 779 Review - Civil Appeal Opinion issued
1 M. F. GELHAUS et al., Plaintiffs; A. F. GELHAUS et al., Appellants, v. NEVADA IRRIGATION DISTRICT (Respondent)
2 NEVADA IRRIGATION DISTRICT (Respondent)
Jan 14 1955 Opinion: Affirmed
SCOCAL, Gelhaus v. Nevada Irrigation Dist. , 43 Cal.2d 779 available at: (https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/gelhaus-v-nevada-irrigation-dist-32732) (last visited Saturday January 16, 2021).
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Home > Opinions > Hilyar v. Union Ice Co.
Citation 45 Cal.2d 30
Hilyar v. Union Ice Co.
Hilyar v. Union Ice Co. , 45 Cal.2d 30
[L. A. No. 23223. In Bank. July 29, 1955.]
RAYMOND E. HILYAR, a Minor, etc., Appellant, v. UNION ICE COMPANY (a Corporation) et al., Respondents.
Elconin & Elconin, Benjamin Elconin, Hirson & Horn and Theodore A. Horn for Appellant.
George P. Kinkle and George P. Kinkle, Jr., for Respondent Union Ice Co.
Crider, Tilson & Ruppe and E. Spurgeon Rothrock for Respondent Ingram.
This is an appeal by plaintiff from judgments of nonsuit entered in favor of defendants Charles Irwin Ingram (sued as Charles Irwin Ingerman) and Union Ice Company for damages for personal injuries.
Plaintiff, a 5 1/2-year-old boy, was run over, or hit, and seriously and permanently injured by an ice truck driven by defendant Ingram. The only question involved is whether there was sufficient evidence of negligence on the part of Ingram to permit the case to go to the jury. A subsidiary question is whether there was sufficient evidence of an agency relationship between defendant Ingram and defendant Ice Company to submit that issue to the jury.
There were no eyewitnesses to the accident which occurred in the early afternoon, around 2 o'clock and the evidence is almost without conflict. The record shows that plaintiff, and his family, lived in a trailer camp or park which was privately owned. The trailer camp contains two north-south roads ("C" and "B") about 20 or 22 feet wide which are unpaved and full of chuckholes and bumps and ruts. These roads have neither curbs, nor sidewalks and are used by both pedestrian and vehicle traffic. On either side of each street are the trailer houses. There is a road running east and west at the southern end of the camp. The Hilyar trailer was located on the east side of "C" street, the small north-south road on the west side of the camp. The only bath and toilet house in the camp is located in the southwest corner of "C" street at its most northerly end. Plaintiff's mother was visiting in a trailer located on the westerly side of "B" street and had permitted plaintiff to go to the bathhouse alone as he had often done before if, as she testified, he would come right back. Defendant Ingram, driving a truck bearing the name "Union Ice" in large block letters on both its doors, was delivering ice to the trailer on the southwest corner of [45 Cal.2d 34] "C" street; this trailer was directly opposite that in which the Hilyars lived. Driver Ingram testified that after he had delivered the ice, he walked around from the right side of his truck to the back; that there were children playing around it and that he warned them to get away from the truck; that he then got back "up" on the truck and started the motor; that he "glanced in my mirrors and headed south for a few feet and made my left-hand turn east." This testimony shows that he was driving south, that he turned to the left into the east-west street and proceeded in an easterly direction. He testified that he looked through the mirrors when he started up; that he looked out of the truck to see if there were any children to the right or left of the truck; that he was driving in second gear at from 3 to 4 miles an hour; that he did not sound his horn. He testified that he drove along the east-west street until he came to "B" street, a distance of about 65 feet, and that he again made a left-hand turn in order to proceed in a northerly direction on "B" street. The record shows that as he made the turn onto "B" street, he did not sound his horn, nor did he look to see if there were any children on the right, or around the truck and he didn't see any children; that as he was about 20 feet from the corner (where he made the turn) the first he knew that anything unusual had happened was when he heard "some kind of noise in the back" and a little boy (not the injured child) "hollered" at him that something had happened "back there"; that he jumped out of the left, or driver's, seat of the truck and started down toward where the injured child was lying calling for help. The injured child was lying on the road in a prone position about 20 feet from the corner and approximately 2 feet from a picket fence on the easterly side of the street. The record shows that right after the accident defendant Ingram kept yelling "My God! My God! I hit him." Mrs. Hilyar testified that plaintiff, immediately after the accident, said "I was walking and the truck hit me"; that the accident occurred "not more than ten minutes" after the child had left for the bathroom. The child failed to qualify as a witness and by stipulation a statement made by him to police officers not long after the accident was admitted in evidence. The admitted portion of the statement consisted of the following: "Stated he was walking alongside an ice truck and the truck turned a corner knocking him to the ground and ran over his back. Stated he was also knocked into the fence at his right side. Victim. ..." [45 Cal.2d 35]
The record shows that defendant Ingram had delivered ice to the trailer court for approximately three years; that he knew children played in the area. It is also shown that the truck was a high-bed model with solid sides and a closed cab some distance from the ground. There were running boards underneath both doors. The overall length was approximately 15 feet.
[1] Bearing in mind that this is an appeal from judgments of nonsuit and the rule that "... a nonsuit may be granted only when, disregarding conflicting evidence, giving to plaintiff's evidence all the value to which it is legally entitled and indulging in every legitimate inference which may be drawn from that evidence favorable to plaintiff's case, the result is a determination that there is no evidence of sufficient substantiality to support a verdict in favor of plaintiff" (Dunn v. Pacific Gas & Elec. Co., 43 Cal.2d 265, 268 [272 P.2d 745]; Palmquist v. Mercer, 43 Cal.2d 92, 95 [272 P.2d 26]; Warner v. Santa Catalina Island Co., 44 Cal.2d 310 [282 P.2d 12]) we must look at plaintiff's evidence and the inferences to be drawn therefrom in order to determine whether it can be said as a matter of law that there is no evidence of negligence on the part of defendant Ingram.
[2] Ingram was aware that children played in the area of the streets of the trailer camp; he was aware that there were children around his truck when he started to drive from "C" to "B" street; he admitted he had not sounded his horn; that he did not look for children on the right of the truck, nor around it. From the pictures of the truck in evidence, it could have been logically inferred that because of its height and the distance of the cab windows from the road, that a small child could have been directly in front of the cab, or at either side, without being seen by the driver unless he were keeping a close watch for children. The only direct evidence of care exercised by the driver is his testimony that he looked in his rear-view mirrors for children when he first started up. There is no evidence that after starting he looked out the side windows, or the front windshield. From this the trier of fact could have determined that when looking through the mirrors, he might have missed seeing a small child directly in front of him. There is evidence that at no time did defendant Ingram sound his horn to warn children away from the moving vehicle. From the child's statement that the truck hit him and ran over his back, it could have been reasonably inferred that he was either in front of the [45 Cal.2d 36] truck as it made the turn, or slightly to its left. From defendant Ingram's testimony that he did not see the child, it could have been inferred that he did not see the child because he was not exercising the care commensurate with the danger to be avoided in that he knew small children played in the area and knew, or should have known, that children are unpredictable (Shannon v. Central-Gaither U. Sch. Dist., 133 Cal.App. 124 [23 P.2d 769]).
The police officer, Thomas, testified that in Ingram's signed statement to him concerning the accident, he had stated that he was driving between 4 and 5 miles an hour. The jury may very well have believed this statement concerning the speed of the vehicle and have concluded that such speed was not the exercise of due care under all the circumstances.
[3] All persons are required to use ordinary care to prevent others being injured as the result of their conduct; ordinary care is that degree of care which people of ordinarily prudent behavior can be reasonably expected to exercise under the circumstances of a given case. [4] In other words, the care required must be in proportion to the danger to be avoided and the consequences that might reasonably be anticipated (Crowe v. McBride, 25 Cal.2d 318, 321 [153 P.2d 727]; Hatzakorzian v. Rucker-Fuller Desk Co., 197 Cal. 82, 98 [239 P. 709, 41 A.L.R. 1027]; Warner v. Santa Catalina Island Co., supra, 44 Cal.2d 310; Jensen v. Minard, 44 Cal.2d 325 [287 P.2d 7]).
[5] In Conroy v. Perez, 64 Cal.App.2d 217, 224 [148 P.2d 680], it was held that "The presence of children is in itself a warning requiring the exercise of care for their safety. (Seperman v. Lyon Fire Proof Storage Co., 97 Cal.App. 654 [275 P. 980].) [6] Moreover, if the evidence shows that a driver has knowledge of the presence of children he may be held to have been responsible although it appears that he did not see the injured child in time to prevent the injury. (See 2 Cal.Jur. 10-Yr. Supp., p. 454.) This is especially true where the injury occurs in or about the child's home. (Cambou v. Marty, 98 Cal.App. 598 [277 P. 365].)" [7] There can be no question but that here the driver of the ice truck knew that children were playing in the area. He, himself, testified that he had warned the children away from the truck; he also testified that he had not sounded his horn from the time he started it up until the plaintiff was hit. The accident occurred not far from the child's home. It was daylight, the view was unobstructed, and the trier of fact [45 Cal.2d 37] might well have concluded that the driver's conduct under the circumstances, was not the degree of care required of one using a dangerous instrumentality in the immediate vicinity of small children (Jensen v. Minard, supra, 44 Cal.2d 325).
[8] Section 671, subdivision (b), of the Vehicle Code provides that the driver of a motor vehicle when reasonably necessary to insure safe operation shall give audible warning with his horn. Whether under the circumstances here presented it was "reasonably necessary" to sound the horn to "insure safe operation" should have been a question of fact for the jury. In Ducat v. Goldner, 77 Cal.App.2d 332, 335 [175 P.2d 914], it was held that "appellant had no right to assume that the road was clear but it was his duty to be vigilant and to anticipate the presence of others in the highway. The fact that he did not know that respondent was in the street is no excuse for his failure to give warning (Rush v. Lagomarsino, 196 Cal. 308, 317 [237 P. 1066]; Myers v. Bradford, 54 Cal.App. 157, 159 [201 P. 471]). ..." It was there held that the darkness of the streets and the condition of the weather required that a reasonably prudent person should sound his horn to insure the safe operation of his vehicle when turning a corner at a place where a pedestrian might reasonably be expected to be found. In Freeland v. Jewel Tea Co., 118 Cal.App.2d 764, 769 [258 P.2d 1032], it was held that it is ordinarily necessary to exercise greater care for the protection and safety of young children than for adult persons possessing normal and mature faculties (Conroy v. Perez, supra, 64 Cal.App.2d 217, 224); that their conduct is unpredictable and one operating a motor vehicle should anticipate their thoughtlessness and impulsiveness (Shannon v. Central-Gaither U. Sch. Dist., supra, 133 Cal.App. 124). It was also held that the presence of children is in itself a warning requiring the exercise of care for their safety. The court concluded that where children were known to be playing in the street, the negligence, if any, of the driver of a motor vehicle was a question of fact for the jury. In De La Torre v. Valenzuela, 102 Cal.App.2d 586 [228 P.2d 13], it was held to be a question of fact for the jury whether or not under all the circumstances defendant's failure to sound a horn proximately contributed to plaintiff's injury.
It has been held in numerous cases that the issue of proximate cause is essentially one of fact (De La Torre v. Valenzuela, supra, 102 Cal.App.2d 586, 591; Fennessey v. Pacific Gas & Elec. Co., 20 Cal.2d 141 [124 P.2d 51]; Mosley v. Arden [45 Cal.2d 38] Farms Co., 26 Cal.2d 213, 219 [157 P.2d 372, 158 A.L.R. 872]; Crowe v. McBride, supra, 25 Cal.2d 318, 321; Warner v. Santa Catalina Island Co., supra, 44 Cal.2d 310; Dunn v. Pacific Gas & Elec. Co., supra, 43 Cal.2d 265, 278). [9] Under the circumstances here presented, whether or not defendant driver's failure to sound the horn, or his failure to look more closely for children in his way, constituted the proximate cause of plaintiff's injuries should have been submitted to the jury. As the court said in Fredericksen v. Costner, 99 Cal.App.2d 453, 458 [221 P.2d 1008], whether defendant was negligent in starting his truck without making any further effort to ascertain the conduct and whereabouts of the plaintiff's decedent was a question of fact. "It cannot be said, as a matter of law, that he exercised the degree of care which a reasonable person would have exercised under similar circumstances to protect Cheryl [decedent] from harm. The case presents a question of fact which should have been left to the jury."
Defendant Ingram contends that a verdict and judgment cannot rest upon conjecture and speculation. He argues that there is no evidence concerning the point of impact. [10] In Dunn v. Pacific Gas & Elec. Co., supra, 43 Cal.2d 265, 278-279, it was held that an absence of eyewitnesses and evidence as to the manner in which the accident occurred was not fatal to plaintiff's case. [11] In Sanders v. MacFarlane's Candies, 119 Cal.App.2d 497, 500 [259 P.2d 1010], where a judgment of nonsuit was reversed, and where there were no eyewitnesses, it was said: " 'It is not necessary, in order to establish a theory by circumstantial evidence, that the facts be such and so related to each other that such theory is the only conclusion that can fairly or reasonably be drawn therefrom. ...' " (Katenkamp v. Union Realty Co., 36 Cal.App.2d 602, 617 [98 P.2d 239].) [12] "The plaintiff relying on circumstantial evidence does not have to exclude the possibility of every other reasonable inference possibly derivable from the facts proved. (Vaccarezza v. Sanguinetti, 71 Cal.App.2d 687, 692 [163 P.2d 470]; Spolter v. Four-Wheel Brake Serv. Co., supra, [99 Cal.App.2d 690 (222 P.2d 307)], at p. 694.)" (Sanders v. MacFarlane's Candies, supra, 119 Cal.App.2d 497, 500; see also Summers v. Tice, 33 Cal.2d 80 [199 P.2d 1, 5 A.L.R.2d 91].)
Defendant Ingram relies upon Greene v. Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry. Co., 120 Cal.App.2d 135, 142 [260 P.2d 834, 40 A.L.R.2d 873], in support of his theory that a judgment for plaintiff here would be the result of conjecture and speculation. [45 Cal.2d 39] In the Greene case, plaintiff's decedent was found lying near the railroad tracks. There were no witnesses; there was only the inference, from the position and condition of the body, that a train, or some portion thereof, must have struck the decedent. The court there held that if there was any evidence, including reasonable inferences therefrom, that would support a finding of defendant's negligence, the judgment of nonsuit must be reversed. The Greene case is easily distinguished from the one under consideration. [13] Here we have the child's statement to the officers and his mother that the truck ran over him; we have the driver's statement "I hit him!"; we have the driver's statement of his knowledge of children playing in the area and that he did not sound his horn, and that he did not look to the right or left as he made his left-hand turn into "B" street. From this evidence it is reasonably inferable that had he looked, he would have seen the plaintiff, or that had he sounded his horn, he would have warned the child away from the moving truck.
[14] Defendant driver also argues that there is no evidence relating to the point of impact. There is no merit to this argument because from the evidence relating to the condition and position of the child's body, and from his statements to his mother and the police, and from Mrs. Hilyar's testimony that the child was lying about 2 feet from the picket fence, it could be reasonably concluded that the child was hit close to the corner of "B" street at its intersection with the east-west street about 20 feet therefrom. Because the evidence shows that the child was on his way back from the park bathroom and that there was only the dirt road on which to walk, the inference is that he was walking in the street at the time he was struck by defendant's truck.
Plaintiff contends, and defendant Union Ice Company denies, that an agency relationship existed between Ingram and the company. The record shows that on both doors of the cab of the truck appeared a shield with the words "Union Ice" in large block letters. Printed in much smaller letters just over the sign, appeared the name "Chas. Ingram" and in letters of approximately the same size, underneath the words "Union Ice" appeared the word "Distributor." The shield on which these words were painted was red, white and blue, apparently the colors of the Union Ice Company. From the photographs, it appears that the words "Chas. Ingram" and "Distributor" had been painted in a rather [45 Cal.2d 40] amateurish fashion, while the words "Union Ice" appeared to have been done professionally. The evidence appears to be without conflict that the truck was owned by Ingram; that Union Ice Company furnished no parts, tires, repairs, or any parking space therefor.
A contract, or agreement, existed between defendant Ingram and defendant Union Ice Company. It was provided therein that Ingram was designated as the "Distributor" and the company as the "Manufacturer." It appeared that Union Ice had entered into similar contracts with other distributors by which they were given certain territories in which to sell ice. The agreement provided that the manufacturer would "sell" ice to the distributor who would "buy" it at certain prescribed prices and sell it at retail at "such reasonable prices as shall yield a reasonable profit unto the Distributor, and in no event at a minimum price lower than that for which the Manufacturer itself sells ice at retail to the same classes of trade as served by the Distributor, as set forth ..." on current schedules. The agreement provided it was to continue for a five-year period; that it was not assignable without the manufacturer's consent; and that if the distributor desired to sell his "ice merchandising and distributing business," the manufacturer was to be given ten days' notice and an option to purchase at the terms offered by any prospective purchaser. The agreement provided that the distributor was to give his "faithful, active and conscientious personal attention to the sale and distribution" of ice in his own territory. It was provided, also, that he was not to sell out of his territory. Any failure to comply with the terms of the contract was to be considered a breach thereof for which the contract might be terminated. The contract provided that each distributor was an independent contractor and that it was not intended to create the "relationship of employee and employer, principal and agent, or that of master and servant."
Defendant Ingram testified that he had distributed ice manufactured by Union Ice Company since 1951; that he had handled no other ice; that he took ice out on one day and paid for it the next morning; that he had no regular hours; that at a time when he had employed others, he had not checked with the company. Police Officer Thomas testified that Ingram had signed a statement a few hours after the accident in which he had said that he was employed by the Union Ice Company giving its address and phone number. [45 Cal.2d 41] Paul W. Easton, vice president and general manager of the company, testified (by deposition) that distributors were authorized to use the sign "Union Ice Products" on their trucks; and that after the accident defendant Ingram made a report thereof to some official of the company.
Plaintiff relies principally on the case of Smith v. Deutsch, 89 Cal.App.2d 419 [200 P.2d 802], in support of his theory that the evidence of agency was sufficient to submit the issue to the jury. Defendant ice company relies upon the case of Mountain Meadow Creameries v. Industrial Acc. Com., 25 Cal.App.2d 123 [76 P.2d 724], as negating the agency relationship. These cases will be discussed.
In the Smith case, supra, plaintiff was struck by a taxicab painted in the distinctive colors adopted by the cab company for cabs operated by the association. The words "War Veterans Taxicab" were painted on the sides of each cab. It was held that this evidence was sufficient evidence of ownership. An officer of the War Veterans Taxicab Association testified that the association never had a franchise in Los Angeles; that it owned no cabs; that it had no stands from which cabs were dispatched; that it did not direct cabs to any location; that it did not receive a percentage of what the drivers received in revenue; that members operated their own cabs; that the driver of the cab in question was not a member of the association. Other evidence showed that the driver drove the cab with the knowledge and consent of defendant association. After the accident, an association supervisor's car drove to the scene, showed his card to police officers and made measurements, etc.; he remained until a tow car removed the taxicab. It was noted by the court that the by-laws of the association showed that the association exercised powers of control over the drivers and that one of the grounds for expulsion of members was the "inability to perform the duties for which the member of this association was expressly employed to do." The court relied on the case of Callas v. Independent Taxi Owners' Assn., Inc., 66 F.2d 192 [62 App.D.C. 212], in which the "situation [was] almost identical with that in the instant case that the liability of the defendant was a question of fact to be determined by the jury; that it was not a question of law; that plaintiff's case rested on the presumption of ownership arising from the fact that the cab bore its name and colors; that the presumption was evidence and was sufficient to take the case to the jury." The court concluded that the evidence [45 Cal.2d 42] was so complete as to leave no doubt that Deutsch was operating under the direction and control of defendant association. In the case at bar there is no question concerning the ownership of the truck--the evidence is without conflict that it was owned by defendant Ingram.
In the Mountain Meadow case, supra, there was a contract between the Mountain Meadow Creameries, called the Producer, and one Dodge, called the Distributor. The producer granted to the distributor the right to sell dairy products in a certain territory; the distributor paid cash on delivery of the products to him; the distributor was required to purchase and maintain a delivery truck and to wear uniforms. The contract provided that it was not intended to create the relationship of principal and agent between the producer and the distributor. The contract provided that it might be terminated by giving written notice. The court said: "When we take the contract by its four corners and construe it as a whole, the conclusion is inescapable that the Mountain Meadow Creameries placed a milk route in possession of Dodge; that Dodge was required to purchase his supplies from the corporation and deliver them to the consumers within the district allotted to him. The corporation occupied the position of a wholesaler who furnished Dodge, a retailer, with an initial list of customers and sold him merchandise at wholesale prices. Dodge, the retailer, delivered these supplies to the customers and collected the retail prices from them." (P. 127.) The termination clause in the contract was construed by the court as not equivalent to the right of discharge possessed by an employer.
[15] It appears to us that the Mountain Meadow case is more nearly analogous to the one under consideration than is the Smith case. In the case at bar, the uncontradicted facts show a wholesaler-retailer relationship. The only evidence to the contrary is Ingram's statement to the officer that he was "employed" by the Union Ice Company. In Fesler v. Rawlins, 43 Cal.App.2d 541, 544 [111 P.2d 380], it was said: "It is axiomatic that agency cannot be established by the declarations of the agent not under oath or in the presence of the principal. As stated in 1 California Jurisprudence, 698, 'if the rule were otherwise any rogue could use the name of an honest man to facilitate his roguery.' " See also Mechem Outlines Agency (3d ed.), § 112, p. 68.)
It follows that the nonsuit was improperly granted as to defendant Ingram in that the evidence was sufficient on the [45 Cal.2d 43] issue of his negligence to permit the submission of the cause to the jury. [16] The nonsuit as to the defendant Union Ice Company was properly granted in that there is no evidence of sufficient substantiality on the issue of agency to have permitted the cause to go to the jury.
The judgment in favor of defendant Ingram is therefore reversed, and the judgment in favor of defendant Union Ice Company is affirmed.
Gibson, C.J., Shenk, J., Edmonds, J., and Traynor, J., concurred.
Fri, 07/29/1955 45 Cal.2d 30 Review - Civil Appeal Opinion issued
1 RAYMOND E. HILYAR, a Minor, etc., Appellant, v. UNION ICE COMPANY (a Corporation) et al. (Respondent)
2 UNION ICE COMPANY (a Corporation) et al. (Respondent)
Jul 29 1955 Opinion: Affirmed
SCOCAL, Hilyar v. Union Ice Co. , 45 Cal.2d 30 available at: (https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/hilyar-v-union-ice-co-26635) (last visited Saturday January 16, 2021).
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Home > Opinions > Wilson v. San Francisco Redevelopment Agency
Wilson v. San Francisco Redevelopment Agency
Wilson v. San Francisco Redevelopment Agency , 19 Cal.3d 555
[S.F. No. 23584. Supreme Court of California. June 6, 1977.]
ROY WILSON, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. SAN FRANCISCO REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY, Defendant and Respondent
(Opinion by Richardson, J., expressing the unanimous view of the court.)
Nelson & New, New & Kay, Ilson W. New, Daniel L. Gardner, Henrikson & Gee and Eric L. Henrikson for Plaintiff and Appellant.
Harlem, Nevin & Sarrail and John H. Russell for Defendant and Respondent.
RICHARDSON, J.
This case involves the interaction of several related provisions of the Tort Claims Act (Gov. Code, § 900 et seq.; all further statutory references are to that code unless otherwise indicated). Roughly paraphrased, section 911.2 requires the filing with the appropriate public agency of a claim for death or injury within 100 days of accrual of a cause of action. Under section 946.4, subdivision (a), however, a failure [19 Cal.3d 558] to file a claim does not bar an action against the public agency if, during the period of 70 days immediately after the cause of action accrues, the agency has failed to file in the Roster of Public Agencies, in the office of the Secretary of State and with the county clerk, information concerning itself which substantially conforms to the requirements of section 53051. The latter section, in turn, requires that within 70 days after its creation the governing board of each agency shall file with the Secretary of State and the clerks of those counties in which it maintains an office a statement containing (1) its name and address, (2) the name and address of each member of the governing board, and (3) the name, title and address of the officers. Within 10 days of any change in the foregoing data, an amended statement reflecting the changes must be filed.
[1a] In the matter before us plaintiff failed to file his claim with defendant agency within the 100-day period specified in section 911.2. We must decide whether section 946.4 excuses plaintiff, as a claimant, from compliance with section 911.2 notwithstanding the fact that (1) he untimely filed a claim with the proper agency at its correct address, and (2) he has not alleged that he was deceived or confused by the agency's noncompliance with section 53051. [2a] We will conclude that one of the probable legislative purposes underlying section 946.4 is to assure compliance by public entities with section 53051 thus supplying correct and complete information to the Roster of Public Agencies. [1b] We will further conclude that to serve such purpose, section 946.4 should be construed to excuse plaintiff's noncompliance with section 911.2 under the circumstances in this case.
On August 12, 1972, plaintiff Roy Wilson allegedly sustained severe injuries when he drove his car over the edge of a deep excavation in a San Francisco street. On October 30, 1972, 78 days after the accident, and on the theory that the excavation was improperly maintained and inadequately marked, plaintiff filed a timely claim for damages with the San Francisco City Attorney. One hundred and twenty-nine days after the accident, on December 19, 1972, the city attorney returned the claim to plaintiff with the suggestion that it be filed with defendant redevelopment agency which performed the excavation work, and on the same day plaintiff filed the claim with defendant which (at some undisclosed date) rejected it. Plaintiff filed his complaint against defendant agency on August 7, 1973, and the City of San Francisco was not named as a defendant. [19 Cal.3d 559]
It is undisputed that plaintiff's claim was not filed within the period required by section 911.2. Since the accident occurred on August 12, 1972, the claim should have been presented to defendant no later than November 20, 1972. Seeking to invoke the provisions of sections 946.4 and 53051, plaintiff attempted to plead facts showing that he was excused from compliance with section 911.2. Specifically, the second amended complaint alleges that as of the date of the accident, and for a period in excess of 70 days thereafter, "... the information contained in [the] most recent information statement filed by said Redevelopment Agency ... is so inaccurate that it does not substantially conform to the requirements of California Government Code Section 53051." According to plaintiff, the information statement filed by defendant misstated the agency's address and the names of its members and officers.
Defendant demurred to the second amended complaint, noting that plaintiff had ultimately filed a claim with defendant at its correct address, and that plaintiff had failed to allege that his delay in presenting his claim was due either to lack of knowledge or confusion on his part as to the agency's correct address. The trial court sustained the demurrer without leave to amend and accordingly judgment of dismissal was entered. Plaintiff appeals.
[2b] Resolution of the issue before us requires a careful scrutiny of the terms of section 946.4 and discovery of the legislative intent underlying the section. As previously noted, section 946.4 states in part as follows: "(a) Where provision is made by or pursuant to law that no suit may be brought against a public agency as defined in Section 53050 unless and until a claim is presented to the agency, the failure to present a claim does not constitute a bar or defense to the maintenance of a suit against such public agency if, during the 70 days immediately following the accrual of the cause of action: [¶] (1) No statement pertaining to the public agency is on file, or is placed on file, in the Roster of Public Agencies in the office of the Secretary of State and of the county clerk of each county in which the public agency then maintains an office, as required by Section 53051; or [¶] (2) A statement or amended statement pertaining to the public agency is on file, or is placed on file, in the Roster of Public Agencies in the office of the Secretary of State and of the county clerk of each county in which the public agency then [19 Cal.3d 560] maintains an office, but the information contained therein is so inaccurate or incomplete that it does not substantially conform to the requirements of Section 53051. [¶] (b) On any question of fact arising within the scope of paragraphs (1) and (2) of subdivision (a), the burden of proof is upon the public agency." (Italics added.)
Section 946.4 was adopted in 1965 to clarify certain ambiguities in a predecessor section, former section 945.5. (See Cal. Law Revision Com. com. to § 946.4, 32 West's Ann. Gov. Code (1966 ed.) p. 374; Van Alstyne, Cal. Government Tort Liability (Cont.Ed.Bar 1964) pp. 367-368, 774-775; id. (Cont.Ed.Bar Supp. 1969) pp. 93-96, 174-176.) As is apparent from the language of section 946.4, substantial noncompliance by the agency with the requirements of section 53051 unconditionally excuses the claimant from filing a claim. This conclusion is supported by the following language of section 945.4, which concerns the necessity of filing written claims with public agencies, and which recites that, "Except as provided in Sections 946.4 and 946.6 [petition for relief from claim-filing requirement], no suit for money or damages may be brought against a public entity on a cause of action for which a claim is required to be presented ... until a written claim therefor has been presented to the public entity ...." (Italics added.) The emphasized reference to sections 946.4 and 946.6 was added to section 945.4 in 1965 for the purpose of directing attention to the "exceptions" to the claim-filing requirement, which exceptions are described in those two sections. (See Cal. Law Revision Com. com. to § 945.4, 32 West's Ann. Gov. Code, supra, p. 365.)
Thus, we must reject defendant's suggestion that section 946.4 performs a more limited function, namely, to furnish a ground upon which a claimant might base either a request to the public agency for leave to file a late claim (§ 911.4) or a petition to the court for an order relieving him from the claim-filing requirement (§ 946.6). To the contrary, a fair reading of the sections in question suggests that the agency's failure to comply with section 53051 entitles the claimant to ignore the claim-filing requirement entirely.
Defendant agency contends, however, that section 946.4 should be inapplicable where, as here, the claimant has actually filed a claim, albeit [19 Cal.3d 561] an untimely one. Focusing on the statutory language, "... the failure to present a claim ..." defendants argue that section 946.4 should be strictly construed as applying only to persons who have failed to present any claim whatever. Such a strict construction, however, would lead to unjust and unsound results. For example, a person, such as plaintiff, who made a belated attempt to comply with the claim-filing requirement would be placed in a worse position than one who filed no claim at all, since only the latter would have the benefit of a section 53051 protection. Within another context, however, we have said that the filing of a late claim is ordinarily considered the equivalent of filing no claim whatever. (See Rand v. Andreatta (1964) 60 Cal.2d 846, 849 [36 Cal.Rptr. 846, 389 P.2d 382], and cases cited.) In this connection, one respected commentator has observed that the wording of section 946.4, subdivision (a) "appears to imply that the section is operative only when no claim has been presented or, liberally construed, when a claim has been presented after the time specified for presentation." (Van Alstyne, Cal. Government Tort Liability (Cont.Ed.Bar Supp. 1969) supra, pp. 175-176, italics added.) We believe the foregoing italicized interpretation is consistent with the statutory purposes of the applicable sections, which purposes we now explore.
Defendant relies heavily upon our decision in Tubbs v. Southern Cal. Rapid Transit Dist. (1967) 67 Cal.2d 671 [63 Cal.Rptr. 377, 433 P.2d 169], but that case is not controlling here. In Tubbs, the plaintiff filed a timely claim with the proper public agency, but failed to commence her suit to enforce her claim within six months after the claim was deemed rejected, as required by section 945.6. She argued that since defendant agency had not complied with section 53051, she was excused from filing a claim, and a fortiori, from observing the six months' statute of limitations. We rejected the argument, noting that "a claimant who has actually presented a claim with the proper public entity may not invoke those sections [945.5, the predecessor to 946.4, and 53051] to excuse compliance with the claims statutes and circumvent the special six-month statute of limitations." (Tubbs, supra, at p. 676.) We further explained that section 53051 was enacted "to provide a means for identifying public agencies and the names and addresses of designated officers needed to enable or assist a person to comply with any applicable claims procedure" (ibid.) and that sections 53051 and former 945.5 were "manifestly designed to assist persons who had not filed claims" (p. 677). (Accord, Rogers v. Board of Education (1968) 261 Cal.App.2d 355 [67 Cal.Rptr. 905].) [19 Cal.3d 562]
Our identification, in Tubbs, of the purpose of section 53051, has been criticized on the basis that "The dominant purpose of the roster procedure is to provide reliable information about local public agencies and thus facilitate service of process on them. [Citation.] Relieving plaintiffs of the claims presentation requirements may thus be viewed chiefly as an incentive by public entities to comply with the roster filing provisions, rather than a protection solely for those who failed to present timely claims. By diluting the incentive, Tubbs appears to have watered down the purpose of the roster device as well." (Van Alstyne, Cal. Government Tort Liability (Cont.Ed.Bar Supp. 1969) supra, p. 94.) [1c] Accepting, as we may, the proposition that the purposes of section 53051 may be multiple, we nonetheless find Tubbs clearly distinguishable since plaintiff herein did not file a timely claim with defendant agency, and is thus entitled to the protection afforded by sections 946.4 and 53051. For all that appears of record, defendant's noncompliance with section 53051 might well have contributed to plaintiff's delay in filing his claim.
In connection with the foregoing, defendant notes, however, that the complaint is silent as to whether plaintiff was in fact misled or confused by defendant's noncompliance. [2c] Yet section 946.4 contains no requirement of a showing of actual deception or confusion, and we decline to read such a requirement into the section. As Professor Van Alstyne observes, public agencies should be induced to comply with section 53051; prejudice resulting from incomplete or incorrect roster information should be presumed to exist, so long as the error or omission is a "substantial" one. (See § 946.4.) Defendant does not contend that the alleged inaccuracies involved herein are insubstantial.
[1d] We conclude, accordingly, that plaintiff's complaint alleged sufficient facts to constitute a valid excuse for the failure to file a timely claim with defendant agency, and that accordingly the trial court erred in sustaining defendant's demurrer and in dismissing the complaint. In view of our disposition of the matter, we need not consider plaintiff's further contention that his filing of a timely claim with the city attorney constituted substantial compliance with section 911.2, or tolled the running of the 100-day filing period. (See Elias v. County of San Bernardino (1977) 68 Cal.App.3d 70 [135 Cal.Rptr. 621].) [19 Cal.3d 563]
The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded with directions to overrule defendant's demurrer to plaintiff's second amended complaint.
Bird, C. J., Tobriner, J., Mosk, J., Clark, J., Manuel, J., and Sullivan, J., concurred.
Mon, 06/06/1977 19 Cal.3d 555 Review - Civil Appeal Opinion issued
1 ROY WILSON, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. SAN FRANCISCO REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY (Defendant and Respondent)
2 SAN FRANCISCO REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY (Defendant and Respondent)
Jun 6 1977 Opinion: Reversed
SCOCAL, Wilson v. San Francisco Redevelopment Agency , 19 Cal.3d 555 available at: (https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/wilson-v-san-francisco-redevelopment-agency-30453) (last visited Saturday January 16, 2021).
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Virginia Appellate Court History
Learn about the history of Virginia's appellate courts, the judges and justices who have served, and the cases that have helped shape the commonwealth and the nation.
Justices of the Supreme Court
A short history of the Supreme Court of Virginia
About the biographies
About the portraits
Judges of the Court of Appeals
About the Court of Appeals of Virginia
A Short History of the Court of Appeals of Virginia
Oral History Highlights
Virginia’s Judicial History
Breaking Down Barriers
Judicial Trailblazers
Walter S. Felton, Jr.
Published November 17, 2014 at × in Walter S. Felton, Jr..
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Marshall’s Musings
World of Walking
History Infrastructure Maps Ontario Roads
One hundred years of Ontario’s provincial highways
Post author By Sean Marshall
No Comments on One hundred years of Ontario’s provincial highways
On February 26, 1920, Ontario’s provincial highway network was born. That year, 16 highways were established across southern Ontario, between the Ottawa and Detroit Rivers. These highways, previously maintained by townships and counties, connected the province’s largest cities and provided important links to Quebec and the United States.
In 1925, these highways were assigned numbers 2 through 17, in rough order from west to east. There was no Highway 13; instead, the Port Hope-Peterborough Highway was assigned Route 12A. Highway 2, alternatively known as the Trans-Provincial Highway, extended from Windsor to the west to the Quebec border in the east, continuing eastwards as Quebec Highway 2. (That province renumbered its entire highway system in the 1960s and 1970s.) Meanwhile, Highway 15, connecting Kingston and Ottawa, took a deviating “S” shaped route via Perth. Highway 7 only went as far east as Brampton. While the province used triangular highway markers at the time, in 1930, they were renamed “King’s Highways” and assigned crowned highway shields still in use today.
The map below illustrates the highway system at the time.
Ontario Provincial Highways, 1925 (click for larger version)
Several of Ontario’s first highways no longer exist. Highway 12A was later renumbered to Highway 28; that first section was later downloaded to Northumberland and Peterborough Counties. The first section of Highway 14, which originally ran between Foxboro and Picton via Belleville, was later integrated with the longer and more important Highway 62. The short stub of Highway 14 between Foxboro and Marmora was also downloaded in the 1990s.
But Highway 11, formed out of Yonge Street and the Barrie-Muskoka Highway, eventually became the province’s longest and one of its most famous highways (even if it never was the world’s longest street). To mark the occasion, I wrote about Highway 11’s history for TVO.
If you’re interested in learning more about Ontario’s highways, nearly 100 years of digitized provincial road maps are available on the Archives of Ontario website. I also suggest visiting The King’s Highway website, which contains histories and photographs for most of Ontario’s highways.
Tags Highway, Highway 11, History, Ontario, TVO, Yonge Street
← The TTC needs customer buy-in, not a campaign of scolding its passengers → The consequences of losing the GO-TTC discount
© 2021 Sean Marshall
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Ring the Brass Bell
Posted on Jan 01, 2016 in Bud & Alley's , 30th Anniversary , Dave Rauschkolb , January-February 2016
Bud & Alley’s founders Dave Rauschkolb and Scott Witcoski in 1986, celebrating the opening of the restaurant. Photos courtesy Bud & Alley’s archives
Dave Rauschkolb, owner of the popular Seaside eatery Bud &Alley’s Waterfront Restaurant, has tasted thousands of recipes over the years created by the talented chefs who have worked for him. But the most important recipe is all his own — his Recipe for Success, which has brought happy patrons back to Bud & Alley’s for 30 years. There’s no secret sauce or hidden ingredient. As anyone who knows the personable restaurateur will tell you, Rauschkolb’s process combines hard work, innovation and a strong team to create the perfect mix of good food, good people and good times. And, as the iconic eatery celebrates its 30th anniversary, Rauschkolb is sticking with his winning formula.
The restaurant, Seaside and Dave Rauschkolb himself have all grown up together. When Seaside founder Robert Davis’ vision of a walkable holiday town was still more dream than reality, he invited Scott Witcoski and Rauschkolb to open a gulf-side eatery on Highway 30A in what would become the town center. The two young men had just the right combination of restaurant experience and youthful enthusiasm, and Bud & Alley’s soon developed a well-deserved reputation for fresh, delicious food and a fun atmosphere.
“Right from the start, Scott and I decided to offer fine dining in an unpretentious, casual setting,” says Rauschkolb. “There weren’t many dining options along 30A at the time, and a lot of the restaurants closer to Destin and Panama City focused on fried seafood. Bud & Alley’s was fortunate to have an amazing gulf-front location, and we wanted the food to be as much of an enticement as the scenery.
“We knew it would be a challenge, at least at first, because Seaside was still in its infancy and the off season was very quiet. But, our building had housed a restaurant prior to Bud & Alley’s and it came with kitchen equipment, tables, chairs, linens and silverware, which saved us a ton of start-up money. We had a small, hard-working staff, and since Scott and I were young and didn’t have families to support, we didn’t need big salaries to survive. I’ve always said he and I had the perfect business partnership. He’s a realist and I’m an idealist, so we complemented each other. And, while our outlooks might differ, we had the same motto — ‘Whatever it takes’, and we put that motto to the test more times than I can count, especially at the beginning. However, I’m proud to say we turned a profit the very first year and have increased sales every year since then.”
After 20 years and numerous awards, Witcoski sold his interest in the restaurant to Rauschkolb. Over the past decade, Rauschkolb has kept the focus of the restaurant on the freshest farm/surf-to-table dining options, while expanding the restaurant’s menu, hours and special event facilities. He credits much of the restaurant’s success to its talented team of both front and back-of-house employees, many of whom have been with Bud & Alley’s for years.
“I believe that creating a positive and nurturing atmosphere for the employees translates directly to the success of the restaurant. I think people might be surprised to learn how many well-known locals worked at Bud & Alley’s at one time or another,” he says. “I’ve held babies in my arms who have grow up to work here. We really are a family at Bud & Alley’s, which is one reason why we have such low staff turnover.”
Ann Hartley, who, with husband George owns the Seagrove Village Market, says “George and I have known Dave forever, probably close to 30 years. He’s been a real friend and we’ll always remember him taking the time to help us with our restaurants. Bud & Alley’s is incredibly special because it was really 30A’s restaurant beginning. It started out cool and it’s still totally cool, 30 years later.”
In 1994, Bud & Alley’s premiered the Rooftop Bar, where customers have the best view in town of the Gulf’s most spectacular sunsets, heralded each evening by the ringing of a brass bell. They also enjoy traditional and innovative concoctions created by Bud & Alley’s talented bartenders. In fact, the restaurant’s mixologist team recently won two awards at the inaugural Bloody Mary Festival in Miramar Beach, beating out 14 Northwest Florida-based restaurants and bars.
As the town grew, so did the restaurant’s role in the new community, and Rauschkolb became more and more active in local issues affecting the environment and quality of life. “Dave is a local’s local,” says Mike Ragsdale, CEO of The 30A Company, referring to the fact that Rauschkolb moved to the area with his family when he was 11 years old and never left. “Dave cares deeply for our community and works hard to advocate for and protect the unique 30A lifestyle. He’s active in business, social and civic circles, and is always at the forefront of issues that directly affect our community.”
“As excited as I was to co-own a restaurant, I was even more excited to play a part in Robert Davis’ vision for what Seaside could become,” says Rauschkolb. I looked for ways to be involved and make a positive difference. I supported the movement to obtain official designation of our main thoroughfare as Scenic Highway 30A and also co-founded the Scenic 30A Business Association. I felt it was important to call it Scenic 30A, in the hopes it would eventually obtain an official designation. Thanks to the work of Claire Bannerman, 30A eventually obtained that designation. Lately, I’ve been working with some incredibly talented and dedicated people on an effort to incorporate South Walton, which I strongly believe will benefit residents, business owners and visitors. I believe it’s essential for South Walton residents to govern South Walton.
The Bud & Alley’s staff, along with Seaside founder Robert Davis (right) welcome Robert Mondavi of Robert Mondavi Winery, and celebrity chef Lidia Bastianich, to the second Seeing Red Wine festival dinner.
“I have a deep connection with what we have done here, both in terms of community building and owning Bud & Alley’s,” he continues. “It’s extremely humbling to hear what the restaurant means to people. Bud & Alley’s is where people celebrate birthdays and anniversaries. It’s where marriage proposals are accepted, retirement parties are thrown and new homeowners are welcomed. My team and I continue to look for ways to improve the Bud & Alley’s experience, but we’re careful not to change too much.”
“From the very beginning, Bud & Alley’s has been the social and civic center of Seaside,” says Marsha Dowler, manager of Seaside’s Escape to Create artist residency. “It truly has that ‘power of place’ and it’s where homeowners and visitors go to celebrate benchmark events and create happy memories. Dave and his wife Carol are also very active in the community, lending their support and contributing generously to local causes.”
Restaurant patrons are not the only ones celebrating milestones and making memories at Bud & Alley’s. Many of the employees have the same sentimental connection to the restaurant as their customers. Bar manager Mo Moseley, a familiar face at Bud & Alley’s for the past 16 years, shares this story: “Some years ago on a quiet, off-season night, former Atlanta Braves outfielder Ron Gant sat down at the bar. He and I were about the only people in the bar that cold evening, and I had the ball game on the TV. He and I talked baseball and watched the game together for a couple of hours. It was like having Ron Gant sitting in my living room.”
Bud & Alley’s first outdoor dining area served as an ideal location for enjoying a quick delicious meal, a summer breeze and a gorgeous sunset.
Thirty years of hard work have not dulled Rauschkolb’s capacity for dreaming and his desire to innovate. In recent years, he and Carol, an accomplished interior designer, opened the adjacent Taco Bar and Pizza Bar, offering additional dining options for hungry diners as part of Bud & Alley’s Restaurant Group. Recently, Bud & Alley’s began serving breakfast on the Rooftop Deck overlooking the Gulf. Bud & Alley’s Catering Company, which manages all of the special events at the restaurant, now operates off-site, too.
And, while Rauschkolb reflects with satisfaction and gratitude on the past 30 years, he is eagerly looking forward to the years to come. And, perhaps there’s a new Rauschkolb waiting in the wings. Daughter Carlin, now 6 years old, is already spending time in the kitchen with her daddy. “Of course I would be thrilled if she wants to learn the restaurant business,” says Rauschkolb. “I think she’s got the personality for it. But, of course, she has to find her own passion.”
Bud & Alley’s will officially celebrate its 30th anniversary on Wednesday, Jan. 20, at sunset. And while many will celebrate at the Rooftop Bar, Rauschkolb invites everyone to hoist a glass wherever they are. Rauschkolb is planning a large party in the fall to top off its 30th year.
“It’s been an amazing first 30 years serving outstanding food in one of the most beautiful locations I could ever imagine,” says Rauschkolb. “I also feel privileged to have been able to participate in meaningful events in our customers’ lives and to hear over and over again that dining at Bud & Alley’s, or having a drink at sunset is a treasured tradition for generations of 30A residents and visitors. I can’t wait to see what the next 30 years on the beach will bring!”
Visit Bud & Alley's on the web.
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Get in Touch with Secura
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What is DNS?
By Mark Castle on 4th March, 2011.
DNS stands for two things: Domain Name Service and Domain Name Servers. One acronym defines the protocol, the other defines the machines that provide the service. The job that DNS performs is very simple: it takes the IP addresses that computers connected to the Internet use to communicate with each other and it maps them to hostnames.
Sounds pretty simple, doesn’t it? Well, it is. But just because it’s simple doesn’t make it any less important.
Human beings tend to have a difficult time remembering long strings of seemingly arbitrary numbers. The way that our brains work, it’s difficult to make information like that stick. And that is where DNS comes in. It allows us to substitute words or phrases for those strings of numbers. Words are a lot easier for people to remember than numbers, especially when they can be tied to a specific idea that is linked to the website.
But how does DNS work? What makes it operate? How did it start?
The Origin of DNS
Like almost everything else originally associated with the Internet, DNS traces its origins to ARPANET. Alphabetic hostnames were introduced shortly after its inception as a means of allowing users greater functionality, since the numeric addresses proved difficult to remember.
Originally, every site connected to ARPANET maintained a file called ‘HOSTS.TXT’ which contained the mapping information for all of the numeric addresses used there. That information was shared through ARPANET. Unfortunately, there were many problems that arose from that setup. Errors were commonplace and it was inefficient to make changes considering they needed to be made on each and every copy of the HOSTS.TXT file.
In December of 1973, a proposal was introduce in RFC 606 called ‘ Host Names On-line’ that went through several revisions until eventually, in 1974, RFC 625 came out, giving the Stanford Network Information Centre (NIC) the official license to be the centralized location to host all of the hostname information.
The centralised system worked well for almost a decade. However, in the early 1980′s, the amount of dynamic data that was passing through the network made it difficult for a single source to be able to efficiently maintain and host all of the information. The host file was becoming too large and unwieldy. Many sites were downloading the entire file on a nightly basis. This was putting too large a strain on the Stanford NIC’s resources. Something needed to change.
By November of 1983, a plan was laid out in RFCs 881, 882, and 883, also known as ‘The Domain Names Plan and Schedule,’ ‘ Domain Names — Concepts And Facilities,’ and ‘ Domain Names — Implementation And Specification.’ These three RFCs defined what has developed into DNS as we know it today. Surprisingly, not a whole lot has changed since that time.
How DNS Works
In a nutshell, DNS translates IP addresses into hostnames and back again. The hostnames are for the benefit of human end users. The IP addresses are the only essential thing, as far as the computers are concerned. In a longer form, we need to begin by looking at the different types of DNS servers.
The first type of server is called a ‘Root Name Server.’ Each Top Level Domain (such as .com, .edu, .us, etc) has one or more Root Name Servers which are responsible for determining where the individual records are held. These servers are fairly static and every machine on the internet has the capability of reaching any of them, as needed.
The servers that the Root Name Servers direct queries to are called ‘Authoritative Name Servers’. These are the servers which hold the actual information on an individual domain. This information is stored in a file called a ‘Zone File.’ Zone files are the updated versions of the original HOSTS.TXT file.
The final type of name server is called a ‘Resolving Name Server’. These are the servers that do the majority of the work when you are trying to get to a machine with a certain host name. Besides being responsible for looking up data, they also temporarily store the data for hostnames that they have searched out in a cache, which allows them to speed up the resolution for hostnames that are frequently visited.
The manner in which these servers work together is fairly straightforward. When you attempt to go to a website, you type in a hostname in your web browser. Let’s say, for convenience, that you are going to www.secura.cloud. In your computers’ settings is a list of resolving name servers which it queries to find out whatwww.secura.cloud’s IP address is.
The first thing that the resolving name servers will do is check their caches to see if the DNS information for www.secura.cloud is already there. If it isn’t, they will go and check with the .com root name server to see which authoritative name server holds the zone file for secura.cloud. Once they have that server’s IP address, they connect to it.
Once the resolving name server has queried the authoritative name server, it replies back to your computer with one of a number of different things. Ideally, it will report back with the correct IP address and allow your computer to connect to the web server and show you the web page that you were looking for. However, if the authoritative server is down, doesn’t have a record for the specific hostname that you are looking up, or if the root server doesn’t have a record that the domain name even exists, the resolving name server will report an error to your computer.
DNS Specifics
Now that you have a basic idea of where DNS came from, why it’s used, and how it works, it’s time to take a look at some of its specifics. There are many details about DNS which confuse people and are never addressed by lists of frequently asked questions. However, most of these questions are very easy to answer.
One of the most common points of confusion is the difference between a domain name and a hostname. The short answer is that a domain name is something like foo.org and a hostname is something like www.secura.cloud. But that only helps illustrate the confusion. To really understand it, we need to start at the hostname level and work backwards.
DNS works on a hierarchical structure. Most hostnames have three sections, each separated by a period. What most people don’t realise, though, is how these sections work. The first section is actually what most people would commonly read as the last: the top level domain. Whether it is .org, .com, or anything else, the top level domain is the first part of a hostname which is read by a name server.
The second section is the domain. In combination with the top level domain, this is what forms the domain name. Everything from secura.cloud to google.com is a domain name. This is the level at which zone files are held by authoritative name servers.
A hostname, therefore, is everything else. Any DNS record held in a zone file is a hostname. Typically, these are things like www.secura.cloud and mail.secura.cloud. These are the most common of the domain name subheadings.
It is also possible to create something called a sub-domain. A sub-domain is a hostname which has its own zone file. This is created by adding another record in a domain’s zone file. This isn’t done very often, but when a single hostname would have a great deal of information tied directly to it, it can make it much easier to organise things.
As you can see, there is a great deal about DNS which most people never care to find out about. It is, quite possibly, the most simple of the technologies associated with the Internet, but also possibly the most misunderstood because of its simplicity. Without it, though, the Internet would never have become what it is today.
Marks is a director at Secura hosting and one of our resident Network specialists.
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About SimplyIslam
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Sacred Journeys of the Seeker2
“The (reward of) deeds depend on intentions, and every person will get the reward according to what he intends. So, whoever migrated for Allah and His Apostle, then his migration will be for Allah and His Apostle, and whoever migrated for worldly benefits or for marrying a woman, then his migration will be for what he migrated for.” – Prophet Muhammad ?
Sacred Journeys of the Seeker is a series of talks and workshops conducted by the esteemed Shaykh Mus’ab Penfound (United Kingdom) and Habib Muhammad Al-‘Aydarus (Yemen) from the 16th to 25th November 2018. These talks and workshops are designed to chronicle the migration (hijrah) and sacrifices made by Muslims in their bid to spread Islam, and the lessons that can be learned from these Sacred Journeys. These talks and workshops will also accentuate the message that was shared and spread during these Sacred Journeys – the message and teachings of Islam that will swell a believer’s heart and soul with the beauty of Islam.
The first leg is Shaykh Mus’ab Penfound’s sharing on the early migrations of Muslims during the Infancy of Islam in Sacred Journeys: Reflections upon the Abyssinian and Madinan Migrations (Hijrah), a 2-part Public Talk scheduled for 16 and 17 of November 2018 (Friday and Saturday) from 8pm at SimplyIslam.
The second leg is a selected reading and discussions entitled The Path of Devotion – Selected Readings from Imam Al-Haddad’s Book of Assistance, during a 2-part workshop on Saturday and Sunday, 17 and 18 November 2018 at SimplyIslam.
The third and final leg of the Sacred Journeys of the Seeker will then see Habib Muhammad Al-‘Aydarus conduct a 2-day workshop from 2-6pm on Saturday, 24 November 2018 and Sunday, 25 November 2018 entitled The Polished Mirror – Chivalry in Islam. He will discuss sections of his own book “The Polished Mirror” extrapolating the messages from the Holy Qur’an, and the Prophetic Traditions.
Register & get your tics here: https://sacredjourneys2018.eventbrite.sg
Public Talk: Sacred Journeys: Reflections upon the Abyssinian and Madinan Migrations (Hijrah)
Speaker: Shaykh Mus’ab Penfound
Date/Time: Friday, 16 Nov 2018, 8pm (Part1) & Saturday, 17 Nov 2018, 8 pm (Part 2)
Venue: 152 Still Road, Singapore 423991
Fee: S$20 (Part 1 and Part 2, Inclusive)
The first migration of Muslims began at the infancy of Islam in Makkah. At that time, there were about 100 believers in Makkah, and they were building their strength and solidarity. However, the Prophet Muhammad was at the same time concerned over their safety. The Prophet had heard of Negus, the King of Abyssinia, who also followed a monotheistic religion (Christianity) and he was well known for his religious tolerance. Thus for the believers’ safety, he advised those who felt threatened to migrate to Abyssinia. Obviously, the journey would not be easy. Among the migrants were men and women, and included people like Uthman bin Affan, his wife Ruqayyah (the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad), and others. In total, about 100 Muslims migrated to Abyssinia in waves of small groups over a period of time. The Prophet said that Uthman had revived a great tradition of the Prophets of the past, and that he was the first to migrate with his family for the sake of his faith since Prophet Lut (AS). While some had believed in accusations that those who emigrated were weaker than those who remained behind in Makkah, there is absolutely no credibility to such accusations. In fact, there are many lessons that can be learnt from the first migration of the early Muslims to Abyssinia.
The major migration of Muslims came later, almost 10 years later, this time to the city of Yathrib, later renamed as Al-Madinah (The City). After being warned of a plot to assassinate him, Prophet Muhammad secretly left his home in Makkah to emigrate to Yathrib, about 300 km north of Makkah, along with his companion Abu Bakr, who later became Islam’s first Caliphate. The year was 622 CE, and later identified as the start of the Islamic Hijri calendar. The Muslims in Makkah has been facing serious oppression in Makkah, and after a period of politico-religious maneouvres by Prophet Muhammad and his Companions, the Prophet migrated to Madinah after receiving divine direction to leave Makkah. While Prophet Muhammad and his Companions faced poverty and difficulty after fleeing Makkah, they persevered through the difficult years. And through the hardship, maneouvres and negotiations involved in the major migration in 622 CE, there are many beautiful and deep reflections that can be derived.
Shaykh Mus’ab will share his thoughts on the various lessons and reflections on the two migrations of Muslims in the early years of Islam, backed by Qur’anic verses and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad.
///////////////////////////////
Workshop: The Path of Devotion – Selected Readings from Imam Al-Haddad’s Book of Assistance
Date/Time: Saturday 17 Nov 2018, 10am – 4pm (Part 1) & Sunday 18 Nov 2018, 2pm – 6pm (Part 2)
Venue: SimplyIslam, 152 Still Road, Singapore 423991
Price: S$30 (Part 1 and Part 2, Inclusive)
Originally written in Classical Arabic, the aptly-named Book of Assistance offers a complete guide to Muslim devotions, prayers and practical ethics. The author Imam Abdallah Ibn-Alawi Al-Haddad (d. 1720), lived at Tarim in the Hadramaut valley between Yemen and Oman, and is widely held to have been the ‘renewer’ of the twelfth Islamic century. A direct descendant of the Prophet, his sanctity and direct experience of God are clearly reflected in his writings, which include several books, a collection of Sufi letters, and a volume of mystical poetry. The book helps one to get closer to God in an intimate way, and the author describes various impediments towards one’s path to God.
While Imam Al-Haddad discusses the basic pillars of Islam like ritual prayer, zakat, fasting, pilgrimage, he also discusses matters of deep spirituality like certainty, intention, vigilance, acquiring knowledge, cleanliness, charity, kindness, repentance, hope, fear, and so on. The book is really useful for a Muslim to develop his or her devotions to be a God-mindful individual, treading his life in this world being God-conscious, and preparing his life for the Hereafter. The speaker will elucidate the contents of the book and share his own thoughts in regards to the topics as described above.
Workshop: The Polished Mirror: Chivalry in Islam
Speaker: Habib Muhammad bin ‘Abdallah Al-‘aydarus
Date/Time: Saturday, 24 Nov 2018, 2pm – 6pm & Sunday, 25 Nov 2018, 2pm – 6pm
Habib Muhammad Al-‘Aydarus will be reading and discussing sections from his book, “The Polished Mirror – The Meanings of Chivalry in Islam”. In the West, chivalry is often thought of as an informal social and moral code embedded within society demonstrating, amongst other things, one’s standing and conduct within that society. Some of these meanings are also found in Muslim societies but chivalry in Islam also has unique meanings which are derived from the Qur’an and the Prophetic Traditions (Hadith).
“The Polished Mirror” contains extracts from the Qur’an, the Prophetic Traditions, and many light-hearted stories from medieval and modern times which are retold to bring out the understanding of chivalry in Islam. The book ends with a discussion of the beautiful traits of honour and generosity, and how these traits relate to chivalry and one’s relation to God for the betterment of society.
Habib Muhammad Abdullah Ali Al-‘aydarus
Habib Muhammad Abdullah Ali Al-‘aydarus is an Islamic leader and lecturer of Yemeni descent. He is currently a lecturer at Dar Al-Mustafa in Tarim, Yemen. Additionally, he also holds the positions of Superintendent of the Department of Da’wah, member of the Fatwa Division, and Superintendent of the Administration in Dar Al-Mustafa, Tarim, Yemen.
His vast speaking credentials include participation in several conferences in Yemen and abroad including Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt and the UAE; and he was invited as Speaker in Yemen and abroad, including Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, the Comoros, the Gulf States, Japan and some countries of Europe, Southeast Asia, South Africa, Egypt and others. He participated in a number of programs in the Sciences of Islamic knowledge and da’wah programs in the UAE and Oman, and he has also been seen and heard on several radio and television programs in numerous countries.
Habib Muhammad is also a prolific writer and author of several Islamic texts, many of which have been published and used as reference for Islamic students. His works include:
The Study of Ramadhan for the Nation of Muhammad
Folding publication of 10 Lessons
Unveiling the Secrets of Umrah and Visitations
The Path to Knowing the As-Siddiq’s Country (yet unpublished)
The Succinct Summary in Facilitating Preaching as an Individual
The Knowledge of Management & Administration – Legitimacy and Principles
Illuminating the Seekers of Guidance – Stories of Ihya Ulum Ad-Deen
The Polished Mirror – The Meanings of Chivalry in Islam
A Catalyst that Illuminates the Role and Practice of the Teacher and Mentor
Imam Ali among the Companions of the Prophet ? (yet unpublished)
The Middle Path between the Valuable and the Worthless (yet unpublished)
The Rejection of the Refused (yet unpublished)
Habib Muhammad Al-‘Aydarus holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Islamic Jurisprudence and Law from the Faculty of Sharia in Al-Ahqaff University in Tarim, Yemen. He is married with five children.
Shaykh Mus’ab Luke Martin Penfound
Shaykh Mus’ab Luke Martin Penfound was born and raised in Manchester, England. He entered Islam at the age of eighteen. He has a Degree in Arabic Language & History from the University of Manchester.
Since 2005, he has been a seeker of knowledge in the Arabic lands, spending most of his years in the Muslim world, including Egypt and Southern Arabia. On his travels, he has been studying full-time under a variety of scholars, each with unbroken chains of scholarly transmission traced back to the Prophet Muhammad, Allah’s Peace & Blessings be upon him.
His formal training and knowledge was derived through a classical syllabus based upon the formal Islamic sciences combined with the disciplines of inward purification. He has received scholastic permission and licences (ijazah) from leading traditional scholars, providing authentic credentials that ensure a trustworthy and credible source for accurate teaching and demonstration of the faith.
Shaykh Mus’ab’s main teacher is the distinguished Islamic scholar, Al-Habib Umar bin Muhammad bin Hafidh, through whom he received guidance and tutelage in the renowned Islamic institute of higher learning, Dar al-Mustafa, in Hadramawt, Yemen. He also studied under other renowned scholars in Darul Mustafa such as Shaykh Umar Al-Khatib, Al-Habib Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Idrus and Al-Habib Musa Khadhim As-Seggaf, among others. He has received training and ijazah to teach the following Islamic sciences:
Qur’anic commentary (Tafsir)
Prophetic narrations (Hadith)
Islamic theology (Aqidah)
Sacred law (Islamic Jurispudence)
Arabic language (Nahu, Sarf, Balagha)
Sacred Ettiquette (Tarbiyya / Adab)
The Prophetic methodology of Calling (Da’wah)
This includes readings in the hadith texts of Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim with formal tuition in books including al-Zubad, Umdat-al-Salik (Reliance of the Traveller) and Manhaj-al-Tulab in Sacred Law. Shaykh Mus’ab specialises in Sacred law, the Sciences of Inward Purification (Tazkiyya, Tasawwuf) and the biographical texts of the early pious Muslims and scholars (Salaf-al-salih). He travels regularly and has taught and lectured in the UK, the Middle East, South Africa and the Comoros Islands. Shaykh Musab currently lives in Hadramout, Yemen where he continues to learn and teach.
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It’s a special cap to receive: Broad
November 8, 2016 Saheli Sports
Stuart Broad is all set to join a small band of 13 England cricketers, who have played 100 or more Tests for their country.
It’s a minuscule number, considering that 673 cricketers have played for the country from the time England and Australia clashed at Melbourne in March 1877.
Broad made his Test debut against Sri Lanka in Colombo in December 2007.
Broad (99 Tests, 360 wickets at 28.49, 2647 runs, 1×100, 10×50) has been highly successful against India with 46 wickets at 23.35, but in India he has a paltry two wickets in three Tests at 145.50.
But, he’s expected to play the lead role at least in the first two Tests here and at Visakhapatnam as Anderson —who is likely to join the team here on Tuesday — may just be declared fit for the third Test at Mohali.
Special club
The 30-year-old is thrilled that he will soon belong to the special club.
“I am aware how special an achievement it is because of the players that have played before me. The amount they have given to English cricket, it’s a special cap to receive. What excites me more is this 100th game being the start of a huge series for us as well.
“There is no bigger occasion than starting a series in India, against the No.1 team in the world.
“It’s great to get to a milestone in such an important game because we know how vital it is to start these tours well.’’
Has he been a different bowler without Anderson?
“I don’t think I have been a different bowler with Jimmy not in the side. With Jimmy I communicate really well; we talk about conditions, talk about the ball, talk about reverse swing, the new batsman coming in.
“When Jimmy is not in the side, I make sure the bowling unit is sharing as much as possible because if you go quiet, you are not working together.”
Talking about the five-Test series he said: “the advantage of a five-match series is that you do get a lot of time to learn from experience.
“It was four the last time around and we lost the first one (Motera). But learned so much in those conditions, took that forward and won the next two and drew the last one.
“In a five-match series, you have a chance to make a mistake. Like we did last time, India beat us at Lord’s, but we won the last three Test matches to win the series.
“So, it does really give you a chance to assess conditions and get used to them a lot. But the downside is you play five Tests in six weeks. If you are not in the eleven, it doesn’t give you lot of opportunities to play cricket elsewhere, does it?
Finally, Broad said that he’s not really keen to be called an all-rounder:
Frontline seamer
“I have always seen myself as a frontline seamer. My dream is to try and get the new ball for England because that’s the best chance to make an impact.”
[Source:-the Hindu]
Tagged A Broad cap It's receive: Special to
SC directs BCCI to incur expenses for England series, show accounts to Lodha panel
Mahalakshmi stuns Vijayalakshmi; Padmini surges ahead
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I’m Racked With Guilt Over a Sexual Encounter From Years Ago
Should I reach out to my partner to process, or just let it go?
By Rich Juzwiak
Photo illustration by Slate. Photo by innovatedcaptures/iStock/Getty Images Plus.
How to Do It is Slate’s sex advice column. Have a question? Send it to Stoya and Rich here. It’s anonymous!
Dear How to Do It,
About 15 years ago when I was in my early 20s, I dated a woman who I’d known previously as an acquaintance. We were never that serious, but we did have sex multiple times over the course of a few months. Looking back on this, I am mostly embarrassed by my lack of ability to be a decent sexual partner. I was pretty inexperienced sexually (it was maybe my fourth sexual experience) and a little terrified. During one of our sexual encounters, we had sex once, and I came with a condom on. I came way faster than I wanted to, and she wasn’t close to coming herself. So we started again, however this time without a condom. In my memory, I assured her it’ll be fine, “I already came once. I’ll be good now.” It was not fine: I had the urge to come again within a few minutes, she seemed closer so I didn’t want to stop, and I ended up coming inside of her without a condom. She still did not come, and I just lay down and we fell asleep.
We never discussed the fact that I came in her, and if I’m being honest, I don’t exactly remember word-for-word what was said and not said about me using a condom. In my memory, we briefly discussed my not using a condom, but maybe that’s just the story I tell myself now. Maybe we just started up again without any real conversation. We never had sex again, though we would occasionally see each other out and about.
Now, years later, I feel like she deserves an apology from me. Did I violate her trust? Was there clear consent? Well, clearly the consent wasn’t clear and maybe it wasn’t there at all. I really don’t know or remember, but the guilt deep in my stomach tells me that the answer is maybe that it wasn’t. We’re still friends on social media, and I have this urge to write her and apologize. Is this worth doing? Would this just be me processing my own guilt? We are both long-married with children. How do I move forward with this potential wrongdoing from my past?
—Fog of Guilt
Dear F.G.,
Your shame and guilt are so palpable and your status as an unreliable narrator so pronounced that I wonder if there is bigger-picture mental health stuff going on here. Sometimes false memories present as symptoms of OCD, and your letter reads like you’re in a cycle of rumination. I mean, the stress that this is causing you some 15 years later is stressing me out, and we just met.
I don’t think it’s wise to reach out to this person with whom you had a fleeting dalliance in the mid-aughts—not until you’ve talked to a professional and have a better handle on what might be going on with you.
In the meantime, give yourself a break over something that may or may not have happened 15 years ago. That’s all I think you should do about it for now. This is your problem to solve for yourself. It’s bad enough that it may have happened; if she wasn’t aware, how much good could you do by bringing it to her attention? Unless she had a child approximately nine months after you came inside her, I don’t see this information as being particularly useful. Out of the blue, you message her with information that makes her feel bad and angry and that she can do absolutely nothing about? That’s textbook bothering. At this point, it’s reasonable (kind, even) to assume that if she wanted to discuss this with you for the sake of closure, she would have. She knows where to reach you.
At most (and I’m not really recommending this), you could strike up a conversation via social media to ask how she’s doing. You can mention that you have felt awkward about things and want to make sure you’re all good. Keep things vague, and in service of allowing her to say her piece, just in case she doesn’t feel so empowered. But tread lightly and forgive yourself. Don’t come in someone again without notifying them (unless they’ve explicitly given you a pass to do so in advance), and come to peace with the idea that you didn’t intend to hurt anyone since you didn’t intend to do it at all.
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Sex advice from Rich and Stoya, plus exclusive letter follow-ups, delivered weekly.
My girlfriend and I have been on a steady upward trend of “athleticism” in the bedroom, and it’s amazing. But now she’s got a torn ligament in her knee (not because of the sex). What are some ways in which we can keep the game alive and not both sit on the sidelines?
Dear Injured,
What do athletes do when they tear a ligament? They sit it out until it’s better. Put your rigor on ice for a bit and follow the doctor’s guidelines as they pertain to sex. At the very least, some kind of oral and manual should be doable, as may be some modified missionary (perhaps at the end of a bed so that her injured leg is fully off and out of the way). Go easy now so that you can speed up your complete return to the arena, champ.
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I’m a 31-year-old straight, cis man that has been in a monogamous relationship for the last 12 years. We get along perfectly in almost every way. Almost: Our sex life leaves a lot to be desired. My libido is way higher than hers, but I’ve learned to live with that as best I can. My biggest hang-up is how boring and one-dimensional the sex we do have actually is. My wife seems to be afraid of trying anything new, and sometimes, I’m not convinced she even likes sex at all. Every time we’ve tried something (at my request or suggestion) it inevitably ends with her being disgusted or uncomfortable and me feeling ashamed and confused.
For example, she did not like giving or receiving oral the one time we attempted both. Changing to any position besides the three or so we default to is usually met with her saying it feels weird and asking we switch back to something she knows. Fingering and vibrators were a part of our early experimentation, but now if I linger too long on paying attention to her, she asks if I’m “ready to start yet.” She only seems to want me to come so that it can be over. I’ve tried asking her many, many times what she wants in bed, and I either get a nervous shrug or she says something like “I like when we go really fast.”
I hit my breaking point recently when she very unenthusiastically agreed to try something new the last time we had sex. Immediately afterward, she described the experience as gross and got in the shower (she never ever showers at night or after sex). I felt so humiliated and ashamed I couldn’t even look at her after she came back to bed. She doesn’t seem too upset about that night, but I keep reimagining her revulsion, and it’s making me feel like never wanting to have sex again. I would love to do anything she wants to try, but she hasn’t asked or hinted for anything relating to sex in the last decade of our relationship. Am I pushing too much in wanting to try different things?
Dear Ashamed,
You’ve gone too far in that you don’t seem to be getting anywhere. There’s nothing wrong with talking about your desires with your partner, and it’s only natural to ask if they’re interested in partaking, especially when you’re in a monogamous arrangement. By your account, your wife did consent to the sex acts that ended up disgusting her, and you suggest that it doesn’t seem to have affected her (though I wonder if her not seeming “too upset” means she is somewhat upset). However, enough of these incidents have occurred to establish a pattern in your partner, and it would not be prudent to continue your attempts at bedroom innovation. She’s sending you signals, loud and clear—so loud and so clear that they’re affecting you. I do not think that there is anything inherently shameful in what you’ve described, but you are both upset as a result of something that ideally would be making you feel good. Like Marvin Gaye said, we’re all sensitive people.
You’ve tried asking her what she wants in bed, but I think you have a more rudimentary excavation to attend to. What’s going on with her? What changed? What’s prompting these reactions? Tend to the foundation before you start changing the ornaments. Her current attitude about sex could be a result of any number of things, including unacknowledged asexuality or trauma that she hasn’t informed you about. That’s why it’s really important to refrain from accusing or even voicing frustration. Patience will serve you well here. You’re both clearly affected by this, and it’s time to start unpacking why. Ask her what’s up. Tell her you’re confused. Frame your experience emotionally and with optimism that this issue is solvable. If she won’t budge and nothing changes, your relationship is likely to remain as you’ve described, and you’ll have to consider how long you want to sit in this breaking point.
Did you write this or another letter we answered? Tell us what happened at howtodoit@slate.com.
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I’m happily married, 14 years, four kids, and a strong, great relationship. My husband often brings up the fantasy of me being with another male lover. I understand his desire and don’t judge it. I enjoy how much it turns him on. We’ve had some sexual adventures (we’re certainly not prudes), and even enjoyed (pre-COVID) some safe group sex. It’s always been together in the same room. I’m picky and careful. An opportunity has presented itself with a guy I’m genuinely attracted to. We’ve had honest discussion about it. I’m pretty certain the guy would be into it. My husband clearly is! He assures me he wants this. I’m having trouble, though, with the idea of doing this without him. It’s one of those things that has potential unintended consequences! Is this crazy to follow through with?
—Nervous Wife!
Dear N.W.,
It would be unwise to have sex with this guy only because your husband wants you to. It’s kind of you to want to do this for him, but your misgivings may be signaling your prevailing lack of interest (despite whatever abstract attraction you might feel to this third party). It’s hard for me to say, not being inside your mind. I do think it’s wise to think about and discuss the unintended consequences, though at this point, you’ve had an opportunity to see how nonmonogamous sex affects you and your relationship. Seems like it hasn’t! I think you should ask yourself who wants this sex between you and this guy more: you or your husband? If the answer is anything but a trumpet-clear “Me!,” I’d say avoid.
— Rich
More How to Do It
I am a year and a half into being a widow, and nine months into a new relationship. That may seem offensive to some, but I ask that you stick with me without that judgment. My husband and I had had an intense BDSM relationship where I was the submissive. He died suddenly. Every single time I try to take the lead now (especially where I am on top), I cannot stop thinking about my late husband. It totally shuts me down. But I am not in a BDSM relationship now, and I have not always been submissive. I want to take the lead with my new partner. Where do I even start working through this?
Advice Sex
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Canada to open consulate in Bulgaria’s capital Sofia
Written by The Sofia Globe staff on December 5, 2019 in Bulgaria - Comments Off on Canada to open consulate in Bulgaria’s capital Sofia
Bulgaria’s Cabinet has approved the opening of a Canadian consulate in Sofia, to be headed by an honorary consular officer, the government information service said.
Approving a proposal by the government in Ottawa, Bulgaria’s Cabinet has agreed to the appointment of Nina Lazarova as honorary consular officer of Canada in Bulgaria, with headquarters in Sofia and with a consular district covering the entire country, for a period of five years, the statement said.
Canada does not have a resident ambassador in Sofia. Headed by Kevin Hamilton, the Canadian embassy in Bucharest is the embassy to Romania, Bulgaria and the Republic of Moldova.
Bulgaria is represented in Canada at ehe embassy of Bulgaria in Ottawa. It also has a consulate in Toronto.
According to the website of the Canadian embassy Canada and Bulgaria have a modest trade relationship with total trade of just over $414 million in 2018. Canadian exports totalled almost $230 million with $185 million in imports, the embassy said.
(Photo: Tony Webster)
The Sofia Globe - the Sofia-based fully independent English-language news and features website, covering Bulgaria, the Balkans and the EU. Sign up to subscribe to sofiaglobe.com's daily bulletin through the form on our homepage. https://www.patreon.com/user?u=32709292
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Persons born 2 August 1891
SAMUEL COOPER to THILDA FAGERLIE Providing for free what some websites charge money for. Home page ... ... 2 August 1891 page
SAMUEL COOPER was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 247-88-4736 (indicating South Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died March 1975. Research in ZIP Code 29691. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SAMUEL HOROWITZ was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 067-03-3148 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died December 1969. Research in ZIP Code 10469. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SAMUEL SIMPSON was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 427-78-5964 (indicating Mississippi) and, Death Master File says, died April 1970. Research in ZIP Code 38603. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SANTO SICARI was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 099-03-1061 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died January 1963. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH ARMSTRONG was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 241-82-7191 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died January 1975. Research in ZIP Code 28457. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH COLLINS was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 273-76-5595 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died April 1986. Research in ZIP Code 45056. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH HEMEON was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 570-48-4093 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died June 1979. Research in ZIP Code XX953. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH HOWSE was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 522-78-2771 (indicating Colorado) and, Death Master File says, died December 1981. Research in ZIP Code 80907. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH HUBER was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 532-46-8723 (indicating Washington) and, Death Master File says, died August 1971. Research in ZIP Code 98660. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH JAMES was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 505-42-5243 (indicating Nebraska) and, Death Master File says, died October 1964. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH LILLEY was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 245-76-9354 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died February 1972. Research in ZIP Code 27892. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH MILLIGAN was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 438-78-4849 (indicating Louisiana) and, Death Master File says, died July 1976. Research in ZIP Code 71327. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH MURRAY was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 542-28-9651 (indicating Oregon) and, Death Master File says, died May 1983. Research in ZIP Code 96815. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH SLAY was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 456-34-5383 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died June 1972. Research in ZIP Code 36545. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH SWIFT was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 215-12-6957 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died June 1970. Research in ZIP Code 21817. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH WARBURTON was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 035-07-6608 (indicating Rhode Island) and, Death Master File says, died August 1966. Research in ZIP Code 93901. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SARAH M BRUCE was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 307-54-6415 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died August 1989. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
Sarah P. Murray, wife of Irving W. Murray, was born 2 August 1891, died 6 May 1983, and was buried in Section U, Site 844-H in National Memorial Cemetery Of The Pacific in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America.
SCOTT SEYMOUR was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 302-03-4101 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died September 1972. Research in ZIP Code 45601. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SELENA ARNOLD was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 252-11-0613 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died August 1979. Research in ZIP Code 44118. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SELMA P GOOD was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 452-82-0937 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died July 1992. Research in ZIP Code 76502. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SIDNEY FRAZIER was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 435-24-4514 (indicating Louisiana) and, Death Master File says, died May 1965. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SIDNEY J STALLINGS was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 463-18-2617 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died 15 September 1972. Research in ZIP Code 79101. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SIDNEY P CURTIS was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 541-32-6870 (indicating Oregon) and, Death Master File says, died 01 December 1966. Research in ZIP Code 95030. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SIEGFRIED SOMMER was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 326-16-2334 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died April 1967. Research in ZIP Code 33141. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SIMON CHITTY was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 322-03-7304 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died January 1964. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SIMON DOSHNA was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 518-01-0849 (indicating Idaho) and, Death Master File says, died April 1983. Research in ZIP Code 10701. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SIMON JOHNSON was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 320-12-5149 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died March 1954. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SIMON PRESSMAN was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 111-12-3044 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died December 1974. Research in ZIP Code 91335. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SMITH BELL was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 544-30-8673 (indicating Oregon) and, Death Master File says, died November 1976. Research in ZIP Code 97828. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SOLOMON LEVY was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 531-10-9569 (indicating Washington) and, Death Master File says, died June 1976. Research in ZIP Code 98104. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SOPHIA SOBKO was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 337-42-5439 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died June 1974. Research in ZIP Code 60626. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SOPHIE APPLEGATE was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 153-20-5829 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died November 1973. Research in ZIP Code 08610. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SOPHIE WERNICK was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 029-24-8294 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died September 1976. Research in ZIP Code 02135. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SOPHIE ZATOPEK was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 453-26-4106 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died July 1971. Research in ZIP Code 77437. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SOPHIE C POOLE was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 203-30-3675 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 25 December 1989. Research in ZIP Code 33908. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STANISLAW SZMYD was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 190-01-5434 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died November 1983. Research in ZIP Code 15068. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STANLEY FURBECK was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 347-07-7854 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died April 1966. Research in ZIP Code 80302. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STANLEY KOZMINSKI was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 389-05-6632 (indicating Wisconsin) and, Death Master File says, died April 1968. Research in ZIP Code 53212. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STANLEY H ROSS was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 026-30-3626 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died 27 March 1992. Research in ZIP Code 02148. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STANLYE LAMBERT was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 568-26-4739 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died April 1971. Research in ZIP Code 90650. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STELLA BOWLING was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 233-96-3532 (indicating West Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died December 1978. Research in ZIP Code 24740. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STELLA FRIEDMAN was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 082-14-1752 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died December 1981. Research in ZIP Code 10468. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STELLA HUPPERT was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 397-01-7377 (indicating Wisconsin) and, Death Master File says, died November 1967. Research in ZIP Code 94901. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STELLA ROBERTS was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 234-13-2660 (indicating West Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died November 1978. Research in ZIP Code 25701. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STELLA STANISZEWSKI was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 013-32-0585 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died April 1974. Research in ZIP Code 06071. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STELLA WIEAND was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 163-50-9835 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died December 1985. Research in ZIP Code 18104. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STEPHEN CIOETA was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 166-07-6433 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died March 1970. Research in ZIP Code 19094. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STEPHEN EDWARDS was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 060-10-5558 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died May 1972. Research in ZIP Code 10017. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STEPHEN FALLON was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 029-20-5220 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died November 1962. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STEPHEN GUTY was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 051-01-6415 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died July 1965. Research in ZIP Code 11040. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STEPHEN KUKEL was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 045-01-3220 (indicating Connecticut) and, Death Master File says, died September 1984. Research in ZIP Code 06403. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STEVE GAZAREK was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 289-22-4362 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died February 1980. Research in ZIP Codes 43402 and 45872. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STEVE LOPEZ was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 516-14-4251 (indicating Montana) and, Death Master File says, died September 1979. Research in ZIP Codes 59029 and 59101. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STEVE MUSHEL was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 320-12-2215 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died December 1975. Research in ZIP Code 60106. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STEVE PAWLOWSKI was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 168-10-7433 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died May 1966. Research in ZIP Code 48212. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STEVE VASILEVICH was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 130-01-0316 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died March 1975. Research in ZIP Code 12449. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STEVE VASZI was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 274-34-8717 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died July 1965. Research in ZIP Code 44035. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STEWART WILSON was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 165-26-6351 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died December 1970. Research in ZIP Code 17102. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
STUART GIBSON was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 221-03-0840 (indicating Delaware) and, Death Master File says, died March 1975. Research in ZIP Code 19950. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUE MCMAHON was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 410-10-3796 (indicating Tennessee) and, Death Master File says, died March 1963. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUMNER NEWCOMB was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 010-05-7217 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died October 1970. Research in ZIP Code 02160. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUSAN HAMAR was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 538-09-8275 (indicating Washington) and, Death Master File says, died February 1974. Research in ZIP Code 98052. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUSAN JACOBS was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 277-20-0694 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died December 1962. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUSAN JOHNSON was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 239-06-9431 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died January 1973. Research in ZIP Code 28501. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUSAN KOENEKE was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 261-18-2747 (indicating Florida) and, Death Master File says, died September 1981. Research in ZIP Code 06107. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUSAN MOWRER was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 196-10-3536 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died March 1973. Research in ZIP Code 17602. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUSANNA KIRTYAN was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 057-52-5159 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died November 1983. Research in ZIP Code 11771. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUSIE GABLER was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 132-20-8565 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died September 1979. Research in ZIP Codes 11561 and 10805. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUSIE OZINGA was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 272-34-7336 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died April 1987. Research in ZIP Code 44024. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUSIE PIERSON was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 260-08-1939 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died December 1976. Research in ZIP Code 31016. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUSIE SALERNO was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 351-03-3789 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died March 1967. Research in ZIP Code 60612. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SUSIE WEST was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 246-26-4979 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died June 1974. Research in ZIP Code 28501. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SWAN ERICKSON was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 329-03-2623 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died October 1968. Research in ZIP Code 60201. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SYLVIA CASTELLANI was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 029-40-7831 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died March 1982. Research in ZIP Code 01701. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
SYLVIA TAYLOR was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 306-70-4624 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died January 1979. Research in ZIP Code 46792. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
TEODORO SAMBOL was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 576-05-7181 (indicating Hawaii) and, Death Master File says, died April 1973. Research in ZIP Code 95204. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
TEOFIL SAWICKI was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 348-12-2370 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died November 1969. Research in ZIP Code 22150. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
TERESA MAHONEY was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 534-22-2616 (indicating Washington) and, Death Master File says, died 30 May 1989. Research in ZIP Code 91307. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
TERESA MCNEIL was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 018-30-9284 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died February 1974. Research in ZIP Code 02160. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
TERESSA RIDALL was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 183-58-6724 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died March 1979. Research in ZIP Code 18603. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
TESSIE PAYNE was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 160-50-2018 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died May 1976. Research in ZIP Code 28901. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THAD BROWN was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 560-14-0751 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died March 1965. Research in ZIP Code 77401. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THAD FINCH was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 433-78-8451 (indicating Louisiana) and, Death Master File says, died September 1975. Research in ZIP Code 71253. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THELMA MORRIS was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 335-10-0199 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died June 1973. Research in ZIP Code 60035. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THELMA UNTIED was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 359-30-9245 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died April 1984. Research in ZIP Code 15541. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THEO UBAN was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 479-30-2031 (indicating Iowa) and, Death Master File says, died June 1973. Research in ZIP Code 50701. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THEODOR HEIMANN was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 293-30-9744 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died December 1968. Research in ZIP Code 45407. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THEODORA COLLINS was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 545-09-9417 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died June 1969. Research in ZIP Code 94553. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THEODORE FRITZ was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 056-16-3732 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died December 1966. Research in ZIP Code 11791. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THEODORE KASTENHOLZ was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 394-12-1645 (indicating Wisconsin) and, Death Master File says, died August 1986. Research in ZIP Code 53226. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THEODORE LOCKE was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 316-40-6592 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died April 1981. Research in ZIP Code 33708. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THEODORE NORCROSS was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 014-22-6898 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died January 1971. Research in ZIP Code 06101. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THEODORE STRONG was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 558-05-1021 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died January 1966. Research in ZIP Code 94402. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THEODORE WHATLEY was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 413-01-7151 (indicating Tennessee) and, Death Master File says, died April 1964. Research in ZIP Code 37421. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
Theodore Louis Pape was born 2 August 1891, died 1 January 1943, and was buried in Block 4, Lot 71, Grave 4 of Harlington Cemetery in Waverly, Iowa, U.S.A.
THERESA DREWES was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 395-50-7415 (indicating Wisconsin) and, Death Master File says, died November 1986. Research in ZIP Code 53705. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THERESA GREEN was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 091-26-9706 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died November 1980. Research in ZIP Codes 02906 and 02907. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THERESA MILLER was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 212-10-5454 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died July 1971. Research in ZIP Code 21223. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
THILDA FAGERLIE was born 02 August 1891, received Social Security number 473-54-6511 (indicating Minnesota) and, Death Master File says, died March 1978. Research in ZIP Code 56237. Source: Social Security Death Master File (public domain).
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Community Grants and Projects
Giving and Donations
Meet the foundation
Our mission, values and vision
Our mission is to help establish and support a tradition of philanthropy in the Southern Highlands by providing a simple and effective way to give something of real value back to the community.
Respect, diversity, collaboration and stewardship are the values which provide guiding principles for the way in which we operate.
Our vision is a strong and resilient Southern Highlands Community.
These ideals are encapsulated in our mission statement:
foster philanthropy, generate hope and strengthen community.
With an eye toward the future, in 2000 Dr Helen McCue AM, philanthropist, academic and human rights activist decided to investigate the possibility of a local community foundation in the Wingecarribee Shire of the Southern Highlands of New South Wales. Recognising that there was no facility in the Southern Highlands for locally focused philanthropy, this was a decision that would impact on the community for years to come.
Dr McCue gathered a group of likeminded people to form a committee who with the support of a grant from the Foundation for Regional and Rural Renewal conducted a study to test the feasibility of the establishment of a community foundation in the Wingecarribee Shire.
The Wingecarribee Community Foundation was subsequently established in 2002 and in the years that have followed the Foundation has developed a broad focus which funds and supports health and aged services, arts and culture, Aboriginal health and culture, youth services and a variety of other identified needs.
Since 2002 the Foundation has dispensed over $500,000 in grants and scholarships for the Southern Highlands community. The Wingecarribee Community Foundation was renamed the Southern Highlands Foundation (SHF) in 2009.
Hugh Mackay AO, Patron
Hugh Mackay is a social researcher and bestselling author of 19 books, including The Good Life, The Art of Belonging and his latest, Australia Reimagined. Hugh resided in the Southern Highlands for many years and serves as the patron of the Southern Highlands Foundation.
He has had a 60-year career in social research, and was also a weekly newspaper columnist for over 25 years. Among many honorary appointments, he has been deputy chairman of the Australia Council for the Arts, chairman of trustees of Sydney Grammar School, the inaugural chairman of the ACT government’s Community Inclusion Board and an honorary professor at Macquarie, Wollongong and Charles Sturt universities. He is also a patron of the Asylum Seekers Centre.
In recognition of his pioneering work in social research, Hugh has been elected a Fellow of the Australian Psychological Society and awarded honorary doctorates by Charles Sturt, Macquarie, NSW, Western Sydney and Wollongong universities. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in 2015.
Shelley Boyce, Chair, JP, PHF, OAM
Shelley moved to the Southern Highlands in 1979 with her husband Philip, where they have lived, worked and raised their five children. Through her work as a legal administrator and her extensive work in Community Philanthropy and volunteering, she has had association with countless members of the community, government, local authorities and agencies in the southern highlands.
Shelley has held positions on boards and committees over many years, in local service clubs, volunteer groups, P&Fs, welfare groups for women and girls, the arts, adolescent mental health projects and many grassroots community initiatives.
Shelley joined the board of The Southern Highlands Foundation in 2009, becoming the chair in 2010 and continues to date. Shelley is a Director of community foundations peak body, Australian Community Philanthropy. In 2019, Shelley received an OAM for her services to the community of the southern highlands.
David Allen, Director and Public Officer
David is the Practice Manager and a Principal of Haille Paine solicitors in Bowral. David moved to the Southern Highlands in 2007, practicing as a sole practitioner for 10 years, before joining Haille Paine in 2017. David is the President of the Berrima District Law Society, a member of the Highlands Business Circle and also the Southern Highlands Chamber of Commerce & Industry. David and his wife Tina enjoy living on their farm near Berrima where they have a small herd of black Angus cattle and an olive grove. Their two children attended local schools and are now pursuing education and careers outside of the Highlands. David is a regular tenor soloist in sacred music productions at St Jude’s Anglican Church in Bowral. He is involved in other community non-for-profit organisations, including the Bowral Autumn Music Festival and the Mandemar Rural Fire Brigade.
Nicole Smith, Director
With a degree in communication, and a sub-major in sociology and PR, Nicole takes a research-driven approach to marketing and business strategy. She acts as a strategic advisor to a select number of clients. At the heart of Nicole’s approach is a strong belief in supporting business to “do well by doing good”. Nicole grew up in the highlands, and has been deeply involved in community organisations and voluntary activity – starting from her role as school captain at Bowral High School as girl, through numerous other roles including serving as President of the Bowral Public School Council, working closely on the communication and marketing for the establishment of the Southern Highlands Regional Gallery (Ngungulla), and her current position as a director of the Southern Highlands Foundation to name a few. Nicole has also mentored many younger women throughout her career, giving them the confidence and support to establish businesses of their own.
Jennifer Harper, Director, OAM, RN, Grad Cert ICU, M.Mgt (Health), MICD
Jenny recently retired from Southern Highlands Private Hospital and Cancer Centre, owned by Ramsay Health Care, where she held the position of CEO for 23 years. She qualified as a registered nurse, specialising in intensive care and later in Hospital management, and has worked at executive levels since 1994.
She has been Director of Harbison Care for 15 years, and recently become a Director of Southern Highlands Foundation and President of Can Assist Southern Highlands Branch. She was a Rotarian for 15 years and became a Paul Harris Fellow of Rotary International in 2014. Jenny is married and lives with her husband on their farm, situated in the Southern Highlands. She enjoys gardening, cooking, outdoor fitness activities, time with her family and community volunteering.
Lyndall Dalley, Director
As an environmental management consultant, Lyndall has a passion for navigating the competing objectives of environmental conservation and progress. She has spent her career working with clients (including the State Rail Authority, The Electricity Commission, the Roads & Traffic Authority, the Water Board and a variety of private construction and rural companies) to help them negotiate their way through this conflict. My work has included project management, community relations, environmental training of staff, report writing, report analysis and multidisciplinary negotiations between consent authorities and clients.
As a resident of the highlands for almost 20 years, Lyndall has been involved in local politics and community projects in the area. She strongly believes that teaching people to know and love their environment and community is the best way to protect it and make it grow.
Jim McAlpine, Director, AM, FACE, FACEL
Jim has been a resident of the Southern Highlands since 2001. He has been a teacher, a high school principal of two very different schools, a leader of his profession as President of the NSW Secondary Principals’ Council and Deputy President of the Australian Secondary Principals’ Association, and an education consultant since failing his retirement. Jim is a member of the Rotary Club of Moss Vale, having joined Rotary in 1990 in Tumut. He has been married to Lorraine since 1971, is the father of two sons, and the grandfather of five delightful youngsters. He also likes travelling and specialises in falling over in snow. He was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 2012.
Jennifer Bott, Director, AO
Jennifer Bott AO is an experienced mentor, arts manager, board member and consultant. She is currently Chairman of the Bundanon Trust and is a Board member of the Australian Museum, the Australian National Academy of Music and the Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute. Jenny’s career has been in all aspects of the arts, philanthropy and international student exchange.
Michelle Mulvihill (PhD, MA, M Ed, MA, BA, G Dip Couns, MAAP).
Michelle Mulvihill is an organisational and counselling psychologist and is the principal psychologist at Bowral Psychology.
With a background of Leadership in Higher Education institutions, and having worked as an academic at ACU, UTS and Macquarie University, Michelle has broad organizational experience: a founding member of the Senate of Australian Catholic University, Board Member Loreto Normanhurst; Co – Founder of Dignity Homeless Services, and constant mentor and strategic thinker with leaders in the NFP sector.
Passionate about public health and in particular access to mental health resources for those in regional and rural areas Michelle brings to the Foundation skills in community engagement and the sharing of vital resources across diverse communities.
Michelle enjoys her musicianship, playing violin with the Southern Highlands Symphony Orchestra, Southern Highlands Sinfonia and local string quartets.
Bridget Cosyn, Executive Officer
Bridget, a business women and resident who has lived in the Southern Highlands for over 30 years. She is actively involved with Youth training and education. As a member of Berrima Rotary Bridget sits on the District committee for Rotary Youth Leadership along with a being current Board member for the Highlands Community Centres.
Hugh Mackay AO,
Shelley Boyce, JP, PHF, OAM
Director, Public Officer
David is the Practice Manager and a Principal of Haille Paine solicitors in Bowral. David moved to the Southern Highlands in 2007, practicing as a sole practitioner for 10 years, before joining Haille Paine in 2017. David is the President of the Berrima District Law Society, a member of the Highlands Business Circle and also the Southern Highlands Chamber of Commerce & Industry.
David and his wife Tina enjoy living on their farm near Berrima where they have a small herd of black Angus cattle and an olive grove. Their two children attended local schools and are now pursuing education and careers outside of the Highlands. David is a regular tenor soloist in sacred music productions at St Jude’s Anglican Church in Bowral. He is involved in other community non-for-profit organisations, including the Bowral Autumn Music Festival and the Mandemar Rural Fire Brigade.
With a degree in communication, and a sub-major in sociology and PR, Nicole takes a research-driven approach to marketing and business strategy. She acts as a strategic advisor to a select number of clients. At the heart of Nicole’s approach is a strong belief in supporting business to “do well by doing good”.
Nicole grew up in the highlands, and has been deeply involved in community organisations and voluntary activity – starting from her role as school captain at Bowral High School as girl, through numerous other roles including serving as President of the Bowral Public School Council, working closely on the communication and marketing for the establishment of the Southern Highlands Regional Gallery (Ngungulla), and her current position as a director of the Southern Highlands Foundation to name a few. Nicole has also mentored many younger women throughout her career, giving them the confidence and support to establish businesses of their own.
Jennifer Harper - OAM, RN, Grad Cert ICU, M.Mgt (Health), MICD
enny recently retired from Southern Highlands Private Hospital and Cancer Centre, owned by Ramsay Health Care, where she held the position of CEO for 23 years. She qualified as a registered nurse, specialising in intensive care and later in Hospital management, and has worked at executive levels since 1994.
Lyndall Dalley
As an environmental management consultant, Lyndall has a passion for navigating the competing objectives of environmental conservation and progress. She has spent her career working with clients (including the State Rail Authority, The Electricity Commission, the Roads & Traffic Authority, the Water Board and a variety of private construction and rural companies) to help them negotiate their way through this conflict.My work has included project management, community relations, environmental training of staff, report writing, report analysis and multidisciplinary negotiations between consent authorities and clients.
Jim McAlpine, AM, FACE, FACEL
Jim has been a resident of the Southern Highlands since 2001. He has been a teacher, a high school principal of two very different schools, a leader of his profession as President of the NSW Secondary Principals’ Council and Deputy President of the Australian Secondary Principals’ Association, and an education consultant since failing his retirement.
Jim is a member of the Rotary Club of Moss Vale, having joined Rotary in 1990 in Tumut. He has been married to Lorraine since 1971, is the father of two sons, and the grandfather of five delightful youngsters. He also likes travelling and specialises in falling over in snow. He was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 2012.
Jennifer Bott, AO
Community Liaison and Administration
Bridget Cosyn
73 Station St
Bowral NSW 2576
© 2021 Southern Highlands Foundation.
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OBITUARY: Sally Ann Robertson, 72, of West Melbourne Passed Away January 28
By Space Coast Daily // February 1, 2020
moved with her family to Brevard County in 1956, retired from Harris Corporation after many faithful years
Sally Ann Robertson, 72, passed away on Tuesday, January 28, 2020, in Palm Bay. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and moved with her family to Brevard County in 1956.
BREVARD COUNTY, FLORIDA – Sally Ann Robertson, 72, passed away on Tuesday, January 28, 2020, in Palm Bay. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and moved with her family to Brevard County in 1956.
Sally graduated from Melbourne High in 1965 and graduated from Barry University.
She retired from Harris Corporation after many faithful years, and later employed by Glenbrook. Sally loved God, her family and friends. Her two sons were the love of her life and she was a dedicated, loving mom.
She enjoyed the beach and sports. Sally is survived by her son, Steven J. Robertson, Jr. and Valerie Fontaine and son and daughter-in-law, Scott T. and Candice Robertson; grandchildren, Emma, Cameron, Riley and Cole; sisters, Lana Hardy and Janet Campbell; significant other, Walt Rowe.; and many nieces and nephews. She was predeceased by her loving parents, Sol and Martha Smith.
A Celebration of Life will be held at Holy Trinity Episcopal Chapel on Friday, February 7, 2020, at 3 p.m.
In lieu of flowers, please consider donations to Holy Trinity Memorial Funds, 50 West Strawbridge Ave., Melbourne, FL 32901.
Brownlie-Maxwell Funeral Home in Melbourne is serving the family.
OBITUARY: Barbara Carroll, 88, of Cape Canaveral Passed Away Peacefully on January 27
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Revealed: Football club kits in 2020-21👕⚽
Saturday29 February 2020 | 11:27
https://www.sportmob.com/en/news/346352-Revealed-Football-club-kits-in-2020-21
Football kits have always played an important part of the club’s history as they represent the unique identity of teams. As football started to spread and attract more people, the clubs began to see a critical need to define and distinguish themselves.
That is why we have used teams’ kits to identify them on the pitch through all these years.
Anyway, these days teams’ jerseys have the same important role. Therefore, there is a huge emphasis on the quality of the kits and every Football club and the fans eagerly want the players to feel comfortable during the matches.
Overall, it has to be said that the aesthetic experience of the complex designs and various shades and colors make every football fan excited and that’s why the football world cares about even the most subtle details in the appearance of players.
Now that we know the importance of the kits, we have to take a look at the teams and their manufactures to see what they have in mind for 2020-21 season and how are they going to represent their unique histories? Indeed, you all are interested to explore the clubs’ next season kits as soon as possible and that is exactly why we have attempted to study and collect the valid leaked news about the 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits of the greatest football clubs in the whole world.
Top Five Football Leagues
Are you ready? If yes, then keep on scrolling!
English football Premier League is one of the most important ones in the world.
The competition was founded as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League, founded in 1888, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal.
Forty-nine clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992 while today the league has 20 contesters.
Only six of the teams have won the title since 1992 as Manchester United have won it for 13 times, Chelsea for 5 times, Manchester City for 4 times, Arsenal for 3 times, Blackburn Rovers once, and Leicester City once as well. It has to be mentioned that for this season Liverpool are probably the champions as they are currently on top of the chart with 79 points, while Manchester City are next with 57 points.
Arsenal’s 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
Arsenal’s 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits will be manufactured by Adidas. Adidas has decided to design Arsenal’s new home jersey, using “maroon”, which is a dark brownish shade of red. A golden cannon is designed on the back of the neck.
The team’s away shirt will be “cloud white” color, which is a very light shade of grey. There is still no valid information about the design; nevertheless, leaked information state that red will be the color of the logos.
Finally yet importantly is the team’s new third kit, which will be seen in a combination of navy blue, fluo-yellow, and pink. It should be stated that the base color is still unknown.
Chelsea’s 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
Chelsea’s 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits will be manufactured by Nike. The team’s Chelsea’s new home shirts will be blue and subtle strip patterns might be included in the design. The Nike Swoosh will be white, and the words “The Pride of London” might be seen on the lateral stripes or inner neck of the shirt. The new shorts will be blue and the socks are going to be white.
The Blues away jersey will be in “cobalt tint”, which is a very bright shade of blue. The club’s crest and Nike’s logo will be featured in a very dark shade of blue named “blackened blue”.
Last is Chelsea’s new third shirt, which will be in a light shade of red combined with a dark blue color. It also has been leaked that Nike wants to use “1905” as the design of the third shirt, which refers to the year the club was founded.
Liverpool’s 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
The next club to talk about is Liverpool. The Red’s 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits will be manufactured by Nike. As it has been leaked the club’s new home shirt will be seen in a rather dark shade of red. The details of the design, and the color of the club’s crest and Nike Swoosh is currently unknown. Their away jersey will be produced in “hyper turquoise”, which is a beautiful blue/green color. At last, it has to be mentioned that Liverpool’s new third shirt will be in dark grey. So far, there are no leaked information about the design of this shirt.
Manchester City’s 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
The Citizens 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits will be manufactured by Puma. The company has decided to design the team’s new home shirt in sky blue and navy, the club’s traditional colors. The shirts will feature mosaic graphics of the city’s architecture, arts and rich history of music.
Their away shirts are going to be in a combination of black and “dark denim” which is a dark shade of blue. Currently, the design specifics are unrevealed.
Last but not least, Manchester City’s new third kits are to be seen in the colors of “whisper-white”. This is a very light shade of beige, and “Peacoat”, a shade of navy blue. The design of the shirt is said to represent the music scene of the city.
Manchester United’s 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
Adidas will design Manchester United’s 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits. At the moment, there are no leaked news about Manchester United’s new home and third shirts, while we know that Manchester United’s away shirts will be in green and black. The base color of the shirt is “legacy green” and it will be followed by black Adidas stripes. The logos are said to be orange or white.
Tottenham Hotspur’s 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
Tottenham Hotspur is the last team to talk about in the Premier League. The Lilly Whites’ 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits will be manufactured by Nike. Their home jersey will be in white, as the club’s traditional color, and navy. Nike’s plans to design the shirt is still a secret. “pro green” is the color to be used for the team’s new away shirt. This will be the first time in the history of the club that the players will wear green in away matches. A very light shade of yellow-green named “barely volt” will be used for the logos and trim. It also has to be mentioned that the shirt is speculated to feature a unique camouflage design.
Spurs new third shirt is said to be colored in “tour yellow”. There are still no leaked information about the design specifics; nonetheless, the club’s crest is rumored to be blue.
The Bundesliga was founded in 1962 in Dortmund and the first season started in 1963. The Bundesliga comprises 18 teams while so far there have been 56 clubs competing in the league since its foundation. Bayern Munich have won Bundesliga title the most, winning the title for 28 times, while Borussia Dortmund, Hamburger SV, Werder Bremen, Borussia Mönchengladbach and VfB Stuttgart have also won Bundesliga title. Now it’s time to take a look at the most important clubs in Bundesliga.
Bayern Munich’s 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
The Bavarian’s 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits will be designed and manufactured by Adidas. Bayern Munich’s new home shirts will be “FCB True Red” and white and features a tonal halftone gradient design made by small circles. Shorts and socks will also be in red. This is while at the moment, there is no leaked news about Bayern Munich’s new away & third shirts.
Borussia Dortmund’s 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
Next is Borussia Dortmund to talk about. The BVB’s 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits will be manufactured & designed by Puma.
Dortmund’s traditional combination of yellow and black is what Puma is going to use as the team’s new home shirts color. The base color of the shirt is cyber yellow and the logos, the collar, and the sleeve cuts are puma black. The design will pay attributes to the U-Bahn Westfalenhalle station which is a key spot for the football fans in order to reach Signal Iduna Park. The team’s new away shirts will be black. Inspired by street art and graffiti, the shirts will represent the urban culture of the city. Finally it’s their new third shirt to talk about, which will be designed in white and honors the “Dortmunder U”, a tower that integrates art, science, and culture.
Ligue 1 was inaugurated on 11 September 1932 under the name National before switching to Division 1 after a year of existence. The name lasted until 2002 before switching to its current name. The leagues' current champions are Paris Saint-Germain, who won their eighth title in the 2018–19 season.
Paris Saint-Germain’s 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
First, we have to mention that Paris Saint-Germain’s 2020-21 season jerseys will be manufactured and designed by Nike. Paris Saint-Germain’s new home shirts will be dark blue and include a red vertical stripe at the center. The “Hechter” design of the shirt will be followed by standard cuts for sleeves with white-red-white stripes. The words “Paris Saint-Germain - 50 ans” will be seen in the side stripe of the shirt and are meant to celebrate the club’s 50th anniversary. On the other side, PSG’s new away shirts are white and include a wide vertical stripe at the center. The stipe will be red and feature dark blue lines at the edge. The same shade of blue is to be used for the logos, the collar, and the sleeve cuts. Paris Saint-Germain’s new third shirts are going to be produced by Jordan Brand. The shirt is supposed to have a very classy design, using “bordeaux”, a dark shade of red, as the base color. The color of the logos will be “truly golden”. The socks will have the same red color and feature black trim and golden logos.
Serie A, as it is structured today, began during the 1929–30 season. From 1898 to 1922, the competition was organized into regional groups. The league hosts three of the world's most famous clubs which are Juventus, Milan and Internazionale and it has to be mentioned that the current champions in Serie A are Juventus with 35 titles in total. Time to take a look at two of the Serie A teams’ kits in 2020-21.
Inter Milan’s 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
Inter Milan’s 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits will be manufactured and designed by Nike. The team’s new home jerseys will be mainly blue with black zig-zag stripes. Their new away shirts are said to be white. Nike wants to feature a checker pattern in black and blue and intends to use the combination for the logos and the collar.
The Black and Blues will wear shirts in grey and black hoops as their third jersey for next season.
Juventus’ 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
The next team to talk about is Juventus. The Old Lady’s 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits will be manufactured by Adidas.
Bianconeri’s new home shirts will feature the traditional black and white stripes once again. The main color is white and 3 black brushstroke stripes feature the design. The logos are going to appear in gold. This is while the shorts and socks are said to be white with 3 golden stripes.
Juventus new away shirts will appear in “night indigo” which is a dark shade of blue. The logos will be in the color of aluminum. Last to talk about, s the team’s third shirts, which are going to be mainly orange with black spots. The logos are supposed to be white.
The league was first founded in 1929 with ten teams who would form the first Primera División. Barcelona, Real Madrid, Athletic Bilbao, Real Sociedad, Arenas Club de Getxo, and Real Unión were these teams as they had all won the Copa del Rey. A total of 62 teams have competed in La Liga since its inception and their current champions are Barcelona with 26 titles. Time to take a look at two of the most important teams in this league and their kits for 2020-21.
Barcelona’s 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
First, you need to know that Nike will design and manufacture Barcelona’s 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits.
Barca’s new home shirts will feature thin gold stripes between the club’s traditional colors of blue and red. Inspired by the shirts worn in the 1920s, the shirt will be predominantly blue with two red stripes. The striping also appears on the shirt’s sleeves. The new shorts will be blue. The red and blues new away shirts are predominantly black and feature the color of metallic-gold for the logos and the trim. The club’s crest will also be black and gold. The design is said to be straightforward.
Blaugrana’s new third shirts will be in the color of “pink-beam”. This is the first time in the club’s history that the proper color of pink will be used for the shirts. This is not the only surprise, however, as Barcelona’s crest is going to be black and teal. At this point, it seems like the shirt will not feature any specific prints or patterns and the design is expected to be straightforward.
Real Madrid’s 2020-21 Season Home, Away, and Third Kits
Real Madrid is the last team to talk about. Los Blanco’s 2020-21 season home, away, and third kits will be designed and manufactured by Adidas. Real Madrid’s new home shirts are going to be produced in white, the club’s traditional color. The shirt will have an “animal look” and pink accents for the details of the design. It will feature big sleeve cuffs in black and pink that resemble a tiger.
While there is no leaked news about the team’s away kits, we do know that Real Madrid’s new third shirts will be predominantly black. The features of the design are still unknown; however, there are speculations that the color of logos or other elements of the shirt might be pink.
What else do you know about teams’ next season’s kits? Share your information and opinion with us in the comment section below.
The Top 20 Soccer Shirts of All Time
Bielsa and Graham Potter talk about the 1-0 Brighton's victory
Jason Tindall is mad at the referee
Goodwin blames the loss on the referee's wrong calls
Brian Rice talks about their performance against Dundee
Waine Rooney accepts the first defeat as the Derby County's manager
Maddison wants everyone to obey the rules
Antonio Conte getting prepared to meet Juventus on Sunday
Ranieri explains the elements that turned the match into a victory
Gotti says that they had a good game despite the result
Giampaolo: ‘Torino not taking the initiative’
O’Shea: Ferdinand is Man Utd’s best signing not Ronaldo
It feels good to get a win - Lampard
Keown wonders how Ozil has fell so hard
Minamino wants to prove himself as a valuable player
Michel Platini Shares his idea about Dybala
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HockeyHockey Subscribe:
Canadian women’s hockey star Hayley Wickenheiser retires
Associated PressJan 13, 2017, 10:23 PM EST
CALGARY, Alberta (AP) Hayley Wickenheiser has retired from hockey after 23 years on Canada’s women’s team.
The 38-year-old Wickenheiser, from Shaunavon, Saskatchewan, announced her retirement Friday.
Wickenheiser is Canada’s career leader with 168 goals and 211 assists in 276 games. She won four Olympic gold medals and seven world titles and was the most valuable player of the Olympic women’s hockey tournaments in 2002 and 2006.
She was the first woman to score a goal in men’s professional hockey when she played in Europe.
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Tuukka Rask not a fan of bubble playoff hockey: 'It's like playing an exhibition game'
Joe Haggerty
August 14, 2020, 12:09 AM ·3 min read
Tuukka Rask was far from the problem in Boston's 3-2 loss to the Carolina Hurricanes in Game 2 of their first-round playoff series in the Toronto bubble at Scotiabank Arena.
The goalie was beaten on a couple of short side rockets from Carolina snipers Teuvo Teravainen and Andrei Svechnikov, and the game-winner for Dougie Hamilton in the third period was a big-league blast after the B's ran around in their own zone. In all, he stopped 23-of-26 shots, which was a pretty similar performance to Rask stopping 25-of-28 shots in their Game 1 double-overtime win against the Hurricanes.
The .889 save percentage that Rask is sporting after two games against the Hurricanes certainly isn't anything to write home about.
Get the latest news and analysis on all of your teams from NBC Sports Boston by downloading the My Teams App
But Rask made some strange comments after the loss downplaying the playoff atmosphere inside the Toronto bubble with the empty seats. Rask compared the atmosphere to an exhibition game feel rather than the Stanley Cup Playoffs, which is understandable in some ways.
But it's one thing to bag on the round-robin tournament that had zero meaning for a Bruins team with Stanley Cup aspirations. Rask's comments on the Game 2 loss really fly in the face of everybody else among the Bruins group working diligently and sacrificing family time to embark on this unusual Cup run.
"To be honest with you, it doesn't really feel like playoff hockey out there. There are no fans, so it's kind of like playing an exhibition game," said Rask. "It's definitely not a playoff atmosphere out there. You try and play as hard as you can. When you're playing at a home rink and an away rink and the fans are cheering for and against you, it really creates a buzz for the series.
"There's none of that. So it just feels like dull at times. There are moments when there are scrums and whatnot, and then there will be five minutes when it's coast-to-coast hockey. There's no atmosphere. So it feels like an exhibition game. We're trying our best to ramp and get energized, and make it feel like it's a playoff game."
You can't ever fault Rask for being honest, and that's exactly what he's doing in describing these bubble games when he knows just exciting Stanley Cup Playoff hockey can be during normal times in front of packed NHL arenas. But this really isn't the kind of less-than-enthusiastic message anybody wants to hear from Boston's No. 1 goaltender at the start of what the team hopes will be a long, deep run into the postseason.
Maybe somebody on that Bruins team needs to find a way to get the goaltender into more of a playoff mindset that Rask clearly isn't a couple of games into Boston's postseason run in this most unusual 2020 Stanley Cup Playoff experience?
Or maybe, just maybe, Rask needs to get over the dullness of the bubble hockey environment and be like the rest of his Bruins teammates that clearly seem to be on the same page about making the best of their current situation in Toronto.
Either way, it's going to sound like Rask is already cranking up the excuse-making machine just in case the Bruins eventually fall short in the playoffs and further clouds just how important getting a Cup is to him at this point.
Cassidy gives update on Pastrnak's status after Game 2 loss
Tuukka Rask not a fan of bubble playoff hockey: 'It's like playing an exhibition game' originally appeared on NBC Sports Boston
Point Spread
Boston -110 - -
NY Islanders -110 - -
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· Published December 17, 2019
Lions make smart decision in retaining head coach Matt Patricia
By Vincent Frank
Raj Mehta-USA TODAY Sports
Detroit Lions owner Martha Ford announced on Tuesday that the team will retain head coach Matt Patricia and general manager Bob Quinn for the 2020 season.
This isn’t as much unexpected as it is interesting timing for the Lions. They find themselves at 3-10-1 and in a free fall since starting the season with a 2-0-1 mark.
Delving into it: Hired from the New England Patriots before the 2018 season, Patricia certainly deserves another season to prove his worth for the Lions.
That’s the biggest takeaway here. Detroit obviously decided to go with the Patriots model by hiring Patricia and Quinn away from New England in the first place. There’s no reason to quickly jump ship on that idea.
One more chance: One could easily conclude that Patricia deserves a mulligan for his second season with the Lions.
Detroit has been forced to go with former undrafted free agent David Blough under center for each of the past three games after Matthew Stafford suffered a back injury.
No one in their right mind could have expected different results from a quarterback in Blough, who struggled in college with Purdue.
Remember, this came on the heels of Stafford putting up a tremendous start to the season under Patricia and offensive coordinator Darrell Bevell.
The Pro Bowler was on pace for nearly 5,000 passing yards with 38 touchdowns and 10 interceptions before going down to injury.
The injuries: While this can’t be used as an excuse, it helps explain away the Lions’ struggles.
Other teams (hello, 49ers) have dealt with numerous injuries this season. They have still been able to have success.
What separates the Lions from this pack is that they don’t have the depth to make up for said injuries. Such is the nature of the beast in a rebuild.
Detroit heads into Week 16 with a whopping dozen players on injured reserve. That doesn’t even take into account Stafford and other prominent players currently sidelined.
It’s hard to win in the NFL with these types of injuries. It’s even more difficult in an NFC that now includes four 11-win teams.
So close: Remember, it wasn’t too long ago that Detroit was among the best early-season stories around the NFL.
The Lions started this season with a 2-0-1 record, including wins over the Chargers and Eagles. That’s two teams most expected to compete for division titles in 2019.
Detroit followed that up with narrow losses to the Chiefs and Packers (five points combined) before the injury bug started to hit big time.
The NFL is a win-now business. You’re only as close as your most-recent loss. We get that. But there’s something to be said about the Lions playing competitive football when they had all hands on deck.
When you’re building from the ground up, it makes absolutely no sense to change philosophy midstream. New regimes need a minimum of two seasons to build their foundation. For the Lions, that included a renewed culture under Patricia and a rebuild on both sides of the ball.
Let’s look at Kyle Shanahan and the 49ers as a recent case study. After a promising start to his career with five consecutive wins to end the 2017 season, the 49ers fell off the map last season. They won just four games. It’s a season that included injury after injury, even to their franchise quarterback.
San Francisco’s brass righted the ship by retaining both Shanahan and general manager John Lynch. It was not even in question. The 49ers are now a top-end Super Bowl contender.
While we have no idea whether the Lions will turn it around under Patricia, it’s too early to know. Jumping ship on an organization-wide change of philosophy makes no sense.
Starting anew after less than two full calendar years also makes little sense.
Teams that have done that find themselves bogged down in irrelevance in today’s win-now NFL. At the very least, the Lions are keeping with the model they sought to build when hiring Patricia in the first place.
It’s now up to him to steer the ship in the right direction and avoid the icebergs that have sunk this organization over the decades.
If that doesn’t happen, the Lions will be having a different conversation this time next year.
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Florence County Judicial Center Scheduled to Open Early 2018, Featuring Historic Courthouse Square
|In Architecture, Engineering, Project News, Firm News, Interior Design
|By stevenswilkins
Stevens & Wilkinson reveals specifics of architecture, engineering and interior design planning and development Florence County, S.C., residents can expect as new judicial center project progresses toward completion.
Columbia, S.C. – August 7th, 2017 – Stevens & Wilkinson, a full-service architecture, engineering and interior design firm based in Atlanta and Columbia, S.C., announced in July the ongoing progress of the Florence County Judicial Center, which will serve as an anchor to the city’s broader redevelopment.
Now under construction, the $32 million, 120,000-square-foot building is being developed at North Irby Street, across from the existing County Administration Building.
The three-story structure, designed by a team of architects, engineers, interior designers, and project planners at Stevens & Wilkinson’s Columbia, S.C., office, will provide space for approximately 170 court employees and delineate the different functions of the Circuit Court, Family Court, Probate Court, Clerk of Court, and judicial support areas. Building security conceptualized by Stevens & Wilkinson will play a major part in the layout of the spaces.
“With our firm’s experience of courthouse planning, Stevens & Wilkinson was able to propose several alternate solutions during initial considerations for the site,” said Ashby Gressette, AIA, president of Stevens & Wilkinson, S.C. “Councilmen and their civic leaders recognized the value of having the new building at this site, serving as another major contributor to the city’s growing downtown redevelopment.”
In June 2015, Florence County retained Stevens & Wilkinson to develop construction documents for the new building. The firm serves as the architecture, engineering, and interior design firm of record for the county. Goforth Brown & Associates, based in Florence, S.C, was selected as associate architect, and BE&K Building Group, with an office in Greenville, S.C., was chosen for construction services. Construction began in December, and the building is scheduled to open in early 2018.
To evaluate the building, program, and operational needs of the courts at the onset, Stevens & Wilkinson, in association with Justice Planning Associates (JPA), conducted an extensive needs assessment and facility evaluation. JPA focused on judicial planning, case load analysis, and projected staff occupancy, while Stevens & Wilkinson created Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) drawings and engineering documents to assess existing building conditions and systems.
The joint assessment determined that the approximately 33,000 square feet of space available for expansion would not address long-term space needs, nor resolve significant operational and security issues, especially for the courts. Following this strategic evaluation, the team developed six design scenarios reflecting varying new court system designs, security features and circulation routes.
The chosen design for the Florence County Judicial Center features a “bar” layout where pairs of courtrooms are serviced by a high-security core. There will be four courtrooms per floor. Additional aspects of the layout revealed by Stevens & Wilkinson are a public zone, and a restricted zone serving the judges and jury, which will be separated. The courtroom is the only space where these groups will interact.
The exterior design is being planned as a contemporary interpretation of classicism. The traditional elements of the base, middle and top are to be expressed in cast stone and brick veneer; engaged columns will help modulate the elevations. Two-story spans of curtain wall supporting tall windows will provide an abundance of natural light in the lobby. The entry design showcases a prominent cylindrical element, acting as a hinge between the two primary sides and featuring a three-story interior volume.
Gressette and his design team conceptualized the L-shaped site plan to include a generous public entry plaza on the southeastern corner, and a landscaped courtyard reminiscent of a historic courthouse square to the south. Current planning involves special consideration being given to separating public traffic from a more restricted security zone, while a judges’ parking area will be more secured and separated from the general public.
“The landscaped entry plaza serves as a fore court to the monumental structure and provides a sequence of spaces from outside to lobby,” Gressette said. “Another popular idea offered by the design team was a broad linear green space; this was referred to as the ‘courthouse square.’ Not only did this reflect back to historic courthouse grounds, but it provided a pleasant connection between current downtown redevelopment and future growth.”
Stevens & Wilkinson also provided the civil, structural, mechanical, electrical, and audio-visual engineering services for the project. State-of-the-art monitoring equipment reinforces the fundamental security of the design. Control rooms and secondary controls, both part of the engineering plans, are being installed to give the sheriff a reliable mechanism for global building security.
Materials and finishes were specified to reflect the dignity of the courts, while remaining durable and cost-effective. “We presented a sophisticated palette of materials, yet those which are not too costly, thus supporting good stewardship,” Gressette said.
The existing 11-story, 168,000-square-foot Florence County Administrative and Judicial Complex was constructed in 1969 and originally housed the city and county administrative agencies, along with the courts, Sheriff’s Office, police, and jail facilities. Over time, the jail was relocated and city administrative offices were transferred out of the building. The original building likely will continue to be occupied by county administrative agencies, with some unassigned space available for lease.
Below is a brief description of each floor for the new Florence County Judicial Center:
Floor 1: Visitors will enter the building through a rotunda in the southeastern corner. The queuing area before security is planned as a light-filled, three-story space. Functions on the first floor will represent the most public traffic- the jury assembly room, Clerk of Court and Probate Court. Because of a high water table, a basement was not feasible. Therefore, the sheriff’s sally port, holding cells, and work area were also incorporated on the first floor with secure access opposite the public entrance.
Floor 2: The second floor focuses on the Family Court system. According to Gressette, public access is being constructed along a well-lit, wide corridor running the length of the building, with planned seating alcoves. The Clerk of the Family Court will have office space, with easy access to the courtrooms via the restricted corridor. Pairs of courtrooms will share a high-security core connected to the sheriff’s holding area. The design plans will result with judges’ chambers having easy access to each courtroom.
Floor 3: The third floor will offer a similar sequence of spaces for visitors. “A monumental stair and the elevators will open to a generous lobby, overlooking the multi-story entry space. Access to the bar of courtrooms will be through a light-filled lobby. The restricted corridor provides access to judges’ chambers and jury rooms along the north wall,” Gressette said.
About Stevens & Wilkinson: Founded in 1919, Stevens & Wilkinson is a full-service architecture, engineering and interior design firm committed to providing clients with “Smart Design Solutions.” The firm’s combined design capabilities lead to projects executed with creative, innovative and holistic design solutions. Learn more: www.stevens-wilkinson.com.
Florence County Judicial Complex Florence County SC Florence County SC Courthouse South Carolina Courthouses Stevens & Wilkinson T. Ashby Gressette
New Government Center to be Located at Site Downtown: Stevens & Wilkinson Will Design York County, South Carolina, Government Center
Stevens & Wilkinson Completes Adaptive Reuse of the FLATS at Ponce City Market
Stevens & Wilkinson Announces Two New Higher Education Facility and Campus Architecture Projects
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Summit Location
Vicki Alger
Research Fellow at the Independent Institute in Oakland, California, and author of the book Failure: The Federal “Misedukation” of America’s Children.
Dr. Kuni Beasley
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Kelley Williams-Bolar
Hear her story of how she was arrested for choosing to send her child to a different school.
T. K. Coleman
T. K. Coleman is the Director of Entrepreneurial Education at the Foundation for Economic Education and Co-Founder & Education Director of Praxis. He is a prolific writer and speaker with a singular mission: to awaken people to their own creative power.
Rebecca Friedrichs
She took on the teacher’s unions and won at the Supreme Court. Learn about the dangerous influence of the teacher’s unions on the education system. Author of Standing up to Goliath.
Dr. Jason Hill
Author, professor of philosophy at De Paul University and SEE board member. He is a regular contributor on NBC’s Today Show, Fox News Fox Business and NPR.
Joseph Ingam
“Affirmative Action Hacktivist” and author of Almost Black: The True Story of How I Got Into Medical School…
Essayist, political commentator, New York Times Best-selling Author of The Diversity Delusion: How Race and Gender Pandering Corrupt the University and Undermine Our Culture.
Prager is the author of several books including Still the Best Hope, Why the Jews, and Happiness is a Serious Problem. He most recently published the second book of his five part series, the Rational Bible.
Larry Schweikart
Larry Schweikart is a history professor at the University of Dayton and is the widely acclaimed co-author of the best-selling book, A Patriot’s History of the United States, and author of 48 Liberal Lies About American History.
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2020 Videos and Presentations
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Sun Valley Institute for Resilience
Mark Hyman, MD
Mark Hyman, MD, has devoted his life to helping others discover optimal health and address the root causes of chronic disease through the power of Functional Medicine. Dr. Hyman is an internationally recognized leader, speaker, educator, and advocate in the fields of Functional Medicine and nutrition. He is the founder and director of The UltraWellness Center, the Head of Strategy and Innovation of the Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine, a thirteen-time New York Times best-selling author, and Board President for Clinical Affairs for The Institute for Functional Medicine. He is the host of one of the leading health podcasts, The Doctor’s Farmacy. Dr. Hyman is a regular medical contributor several television shows and networks, including CBS This Morning, Today, Good Morning America, The View, and CNN. He is also an advisor and guest co-host on The Dr. Oz Show. Through his work to change policy for the betterment of public health, Dr. Hyman has testified before the Senate Working Group on Health Care Reform on Functional Medicine. He has consulted with the surgeon general on diabetes prevention and participated in the 2009 White House Forum on Prevention and Wellness. Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa nominated Dr. Hyman for the President’s Advisory Group on Prevention, Health Promotion, and Integrative and Public Health.
Additionally, Dr. Hyman has presented at the Clinton Foundation’s Health Matters, Achieving Wellness in Every Generation conference and the Clinton Global Initiative, as well as with the World Economic Forum on global health issues, TEDMED and TEDx. He is the winner of the Linus Pauling Award and the Nantucket Project Award. Dr. Hyman received the Christian Book of the Year Award for his work on The Daniel Plan, a faith-based initiative that helped the Saddleback Church collectively lose 250,000 pounds that he created with Rick Warren, Dr. Mehmet Oz, and Dr. Daniel Amen. He inducted into the Books for Better Life Hall of Fame. With Dr. Dean Ornish and Dr. Michael Roizen, Dr. Hyman crafted and helped introduce the Take Back Your Health Act of 2009 to the United States Senate, which promotes reimbursement for lifestyle treatment of chronic disease. With Tim Ryan in 2015, he helped introduce the ENRICH Act into Congress to fund nutrition in medical education. Dr. Hyman plays a substantial role in the major 2014 film Fed Up, produced by Laurie David and Katie Couric, which addresses childhood obesity. Please join him in celebrating the power of food as medicine at www.drhyman.com, follow him on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, and listen to his podcast The Doctor’s Farmacy for conversations that matter around health, wellness, food, and politics.
Sun Valley Institute, a Center for Resilience
Physical: 111 North First Avenue, Suite 2I
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inquiries@sunvalleyinstitute.org
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Kidding Around Washington, D.C.: What to Do, Where to Go, and How to Have Fun in Washington, D.C
Kidding Around Washington, D.C.: What to Do, Where to Go, and How to Have Fun in Washington, D.C.
Kidding Around Washington, D.C. covers the city's history and the different cultures that it comprises. It's filled with fun details and chapters on sports, animals, parks, museums, landmarks, and events. Read More
Kidding Around Washington, D.C. covers the city's history and the different cultures that it comprises. It's filled with fun details and chapters on sports, animals, parks, museums, landmarks, and events. Read Less
2000, Rick Steves
Edition: second
Publisher: Rick Steves
Good. [ No Hassle 30 Day Returns ] [ Edition: second ] Publisher: Rick Steves Pub Date: 3/13/2000 Binding: Paperback Pages: 144.
2000, Rick Steves, Chicago
Travel > Special Interest > Family Travel
Books by Debbie Levy
I Dissent: Ruth Bader Ginsburg Makes Her Mark
This Promise of Change: One Girl's Story in the Fight for School Equality
We Shall Overcome: The Story of a Song
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Home Free Essays World
The Electric Automobile in America
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Globalization And The Challenges To Health Systems
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Nontraditional Health Care Practices
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Globalisation: What Is It and How Does It Affect Modern World?
Pages • 10
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Population Health Globalization generally refers to the increasing integration of societies in terms of economic, social, and political factors. With it comes complex changes in the very nature of our society, bringing new opportunities as well as risks. According to Laudekke 2014, globalization has had an overall positive impact on health, especially for people in developing nations. In many ways, that is true. For instance, global transportation and the communications revolution enable rapid response to epidemics and catastrophes, saving thousands…...
How the Practice of Health Care Settings Are Affected by Government Policy
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The “Hesuminchu” Experience: A Theological Reflection on Charity in a Needy World
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The environment has been in trouble for a while but now it is getting worse. The environment is very important and affects many, if not all, aspects of life, if it is not taken care of it, will be detrimental in many ways. In the TED talk, “Gaming can make a better world,” Jane McGonigal says that gamers can solve anything they put their minds to, but are only motivated to do those things in games because they know they…...
Compare and Contrast: Ancient China and Ancient India
Both Ancient China and India are both to be very and extremely important. The religions in China are Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism. And then moving on to India they have Hinduism and Buddhism. What's actually pretty funny is that China and India had religious teachers that invented these religions. The little saying that I saw in an article was “Confucius invented Confucianism, Lao Tzu invented Taoism, and Hsün Tzu invented Legalism in China”. In India, Hinduism had its bumps in…...
The Most Popular Religions in East Asia
Confucianism Confucianism was developed by Kong Qui, a Chinese philosopher teacher and political figure, in 551-479 BC who was eventually given the name ‘Confucius’ by Jesuit missionaries who were visiting China. He believed in benevolence, loyalty, and virtue so he wanted to steer away from ruling authorities and instead focus on human interactions in everyone’s daily lives. However, the fundamental principles of respect and the well-being of others began before his time during the Zhou Dynasty. Social rituals were introduced…...
The Influence Of Confucianism In Asia
Asian civilization is always dynamic in nature and shaped from various ancient history, artifacts, and books since its inception. The ways of transmitting texts have been evolving since ancient times. As there is no one alive from ancient times to tell us what really happened in the past, we have to depend on ancient texts to know the truth. We know some of the histories of early Asia through the oracle bone inscriptions, but as civilizations evolved, many people, particularly…...
American War of Independence – Brief History
The War for Independence happened through 1775-1781. Chapter 6 lesson 1 is about Two Armies Face-Off; and it’s about Early Campaigns; and last of all, British Strategy. Chapter 6 lesson 2 is about Gaining Allies; and it’s about Life on the Home Front. Chapter 6 lesson 3 is about Fighting in the West; and it’s about The War at Sea; Fighting in the South. Chapter 6 lesson 4 is about Victory at Yorktown; and it’s about Independence Achieved. This paragraph…...
Introduction To Sustainable Tourism
Understanding What Sustainable Tourism Is It is commonly understood where the term ‘sustainable’, as to being ‘eco-friendly’, where it is true that a part of being sustainable would be by being environment friendly, but, an attraction or a destination could be ‘green’ as it is but still not sustainable. When understanding what sustainable tourism is, there are three major pillars that are commonly highlighted; environmental, economic, and socio-cultural factors where tourism has to favor all these three areas in order…...
The Buddha: Siddhartha Gautama
Buddhism is one of the greatest religions worldwide. It came from India it spread to Asia, China, Japan, and eventually the whole world. It originated in India by an Indian Prince: Siddhartha Gautama, also called The Buddha. Buddhism mainly taught about escaping the cycle of suffering to achieve enlightenment. Buddhism impacted a great number of people and taught them to eliminate suffering and achieve Nirvana. Not everyone can say they are gods, but Buddha himself said everyone was Buddha if…...
The Truth About Racism in Canada
People believe the hype that Canada is a nation of cultural tolerance but that’s totally not true. Racism is prejudice, judgment, or resentment directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one’s race is superior to the other{s}Racism is also a form of hate. Being racist is a choice; no one is born with hate implanted in them. Before I came to Canada, I did not experience any form of racism, for the couple of years…...
The Potential of Food Waste to Energy for Small Communities in India
Abstract Food waste is a global-scale phenomenon, Food waste generated in India is huge and waste segregation methods are still inadequate and is a growing issue. With less than 55% of waste collected and less than 17% processed (Arian, 2018). Moreover, landfills are held for being the largest GHG emitters. This topic has gained popularity & momentum in recent years. This paper proposes the problems and challenges faced during the waste segregation process, decomposition of waste with different technologies, and…...
Learning to Read and Write: Frederick Douglass’s Journey to Freedom
In “Learning to Read” Frederick Douglass recounts how he came to read and write under internal and external challenges. Douglass also shows the effect that reading and writing bestowed upon him. By recounting his difficult self-educating experience, Douglass exposes how the slavery system ruins both the slaves and slaveholders. Not only does slavery destroy the dignity and right that slaves could access to knowledge it also takes away the conscience of the slaveholders. In “Learning to Read” Frederick Douglass recounts…...
Money Issues in the World of College Athletes
There are dozens of ongoing controversial debates in the world of college athletics, mostly related to money issues. A debatable factor falling into this topic is whether or not college athletes should get money for their involvement.. The National Collegiate Athletic Association is an organization headed by members dedicated to college athletes well-being and lifelong success. The main purpose of the NCAA is to control competition fairly, and safely to integrate athletics into higher education. As of today, student athletes…...
The American Civil War and the Problem of Inevitability
The Civil War was mainly based on the different ideological beliefs of slavery between the North and the South. Almost all sectional conflicts such as the Nullification Crisis and Kansas-Nebraska Act revolved around slavery issues, which can be traced back to the earliest years of American colonization. With a Southern agrarian economy in contrast to a Northern industrial economy, the South felt threatened and felt that slavery was the only stable force that kept its economy grounded. Furthermore, prominent Southern…...
The American Civil War Causes In Perspectives by Stanley Harrold and Michael S. Green
The American Civil War (1861) was a war between the North (the Unionists) and the South (the Confederates) who disagreed on the use of Slavery. The North wanted the abolishment of slaves as it clashed with their desire for America to become industrialized whilst the South needed slaves to maintain their agricultural economy. There were a plethora of reasons as to why this war occurred from the insatiability of the political foundations dating back to the Constitutional Convention (1787) to…...
What Caused The American Civil War?
What started the Civil War? Historians debate whether the Missouri Controversy, the Nullification Crisis, the Annexation of Texas, the Compromise of 1850, or the Kansas-Nebraska Act sparked the Civil War. Many agree that The Compromise of 1850 is the primary event that led to the war. This event was a set of laws, passed in the middle of fierce wrangling between groups who either favored slavery or those who opposed it, that attempted to give something to both sides. These…...
Professional Accountability and Integrity in Nursing Practice
Professional accountability is one of the important aspects of the nursing profession due to its impact on the achievement of healthcare goals. It is also a requirement by the American Nursing Association's Code of Ethics where nurses are required to adhere to ethical and moral guidelines of their profession (Davis, 2017). Due to the nature of the nursing profession, accountability is important as this prevents some of the negative outcomes associated with unaccountability. This also ensures that all nurses maintain…...
The Death Penalty in the USA
We study history to understand what happened to societies in the past and help know what will affect today's day.. When studying history, you do not only study an event, you also study everything that had to do leading up to the event, as well as the society’s culture, religion, politics, and economics. In this essay, I will be analyzing the history of the death penalty. The early days of the death penalty The first established death penalty laws date…...
Voting Compulsory in America
Voting in America has always been an option for citizens but over the years it has dramatically decreased in participation. In 2014 the low voter turnout was 46.7 % and discussions about making voting mandatory have been up for debate. Voting compulsory has been a law in multiple democratic countries for decades and has been very progressive. By making voting mandatory you get a more specific and better outcome of who citizens want/to prefer to elect. Additionally, this law would…...
What Being American Means
What is the true meaning of being an American? Millions of people migrate to the United States of America in order to achieve their dream and earn the name of an American. People leave their old homes to start a new one in the United States of America. Even people that are already technically Americans try to achieve their American dream by any means necessary. In the letter, “What is an American?” by J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur. de…...
American History: The Cold War
The Cold War was a period of tense rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. It took place after World War II as differences between the U.S. and the Soviet Union continued to escalate. Much of the disagreement came from not agreeing on what would happen to postwar Europe. Winston Churchill’s famous “Iron Curtain” speech is said to have been one of the main factors announcing the Cold War’s start. Joseph Stalin, a Soviet politician, swiftly responded to…...
America in The Mid-1800’s
During the mid-1800s, the United States has prospered into an extremely strong, independent, and brave nation, this is due to three simple events that pushed the United States into becoming the global superpower it is today. These three events include, but not limited to: vast economic improvements; the horrific war of 1812; and finally the westward expansion. These are all part of what is commonly known as "Manifest Destiny". Many events took action in between each reason. During the making…...
Early Political Parties in America
The War of 1812 helped to usher in a new era of American politics. Although the war had gone poorly, and the British had even burned the capitol, the war did end in an eventual victory for America. The Federalists, who had already been declining in popularity, suffered further losses as a result of their opposition to the eventual successful war. James Monroe was elected as a Democratic-Republican, scoring a significant electoral defeat over the last Federalist candidate to ever…...
Disaster in the Heartland: The American Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl happened on April 18, 1935. This Dust Bowl in the 1930s was one of the worst environmental disasters. The Dust Bowl was a ten-year drought and the heatwave destroyed many Midwest crops. There were tons of topsoil that were blown off barren fields and carried in storm clouds for hundreds of miles. There had been weeks of dust storms, but the cloud that appeared on the horizon that Sunday was the worst winds were clocked at 60…...
The Evolution of American Federalism
I am going to examine the nature of American Federalism and how this division of power between the Federal and state governments impacted the Civil Rights Movement. As I do so, I will also address three assigned concepts in conjunction with an assigned question. I would like to choose to talk about Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954), the second one would be about the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the…...
Singapore Investments in Medical and Health Research
Introduction Investing in research and development of the healthcare system is vital for Singapore’s future because “by 2030, the number of Singaporeans aged 65 and above is projected to double to 900,000” (Population Sg, 2016) As the immune system of these elderlies are worsening, they would be prone to more illnesses and diseases. To prevent Singapore’s future to consist mostly of sickly elderly, the investment in research and development in Singapore’s healthcare can help to counter the rising issues of…...
Inside Christopher’s World: The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
In Mark Haddon’s novel ‘The curious incident of the dog in the night-time’ the protagonist, a 15-year-old boy named Christopher Boone talks primarily about his quest to uncover the truth about the murder of a dog. This is told through the unique perspective of Christopher who lives in a small English town of Swindon and deals with the trials and triumphs of living with Asperger’s autism spectrum disorder. The novel is told through the firsthand narration of Christopher, as Haddon…...
What is The American Romantics’ View Of Nature?
Nature is a fascinating mystery that immerses the one in it in a similar way as a book does, and if a writer can fully capture the beauty, power, and mystery of nature in their work then it just depends on how well it is used that will be the reason if the reader would want to continue on or stop. This kind of writing was used by romanticists, most commonly British, and by the time Romanticism sprouted in the…...
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FAQ about World
...The continued change in climate change may result new regulatory requirements to mitigate the greenhouse gases and impose additional costs to commercial water use. These stringent measures may experience disruptions or increase the costs in the opera...
...The Health and safety at work act policy has to be implemented, within a care home the manager has to make sure that employees are complying with the “Local Authorities health and safety policy and practices” otherwise they have to be trained cor...
...Instead, they will have to seek approval from the people. I will limit the ideologies of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism by cutting down the military in each power. As well as promote peaceful relations by teaching them the importance of wha...
...Gamers can make the world a better place by using what they learned in games and applying them to the real world. Playing a game that requires players to build a world or a city without ruining it teaches them how to, they can help by knowing how to ...
...The Compromise of 1850 is the primary event that kicked off the Civil War. Each of the five acts that make up the Compromise of 1850 did not address whether slavery was to be abolished in all states or not. That really caused unrest within the states...
...The drudgery that I had lived through, and the endless drudgery still ahead of me rose over me like a withering wilderness of sand. In vain were all my cryings, in vain were all frantic efforts of my spirit to find the living waters of understanding ...
...For the romantics, the vast, uncontrollable nature was a holy place where people could retreat from the falsity of civilization and could be viewed as wiser than humans because it existed since before they did and no matter who or what comes along, n...
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512-320-0474 info@tcjl.com
TexasJudges.org
TCJLPAC.com
Gov. Perry Appoints Evans as Judge of 180th Judicial District Court
by TCJL | Oct 11, 2013
(http://governor.state.tx.us/news/appointment/18992/)
Gov. Rick Perry has appointed Catherine V. Evans of Houston as judge of the 180th Judicial District Court in Harris County for a term to expire at the next general election.
Evans is a chief prosecutor for the Major Fraud Division and former chief prosecutor for the Public Integrity Division of the Harris County District Attorney’s Office. She is a member of the State Bar of Texas, Houston Bar Association, Texas District and County Attorneys Association, Southeast Texas Mothers Against Drunk Driving Advisory Board, and 100 Club of Houston. She is also a rookie member and speaker’s committee member of the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo.
Evans received a bachelor’s degree from The Ohio State University and a law degree from the University of Houston Law Center.
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Copyright © 2021 Texas Civil Justice League. All rights reserved.
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Location-Focused Ad Startup PlaceIQ Raises $15M More
Anthony Ha @anthonyha / 7 years
PlaceIQ, a startup that uses location data for mobile advertising, is announcing that it has raised $15 million in Series C funding.
The company was founded in 2010, back when most of the interest in location-based ads was focused on geofencing — i.e., if you’re close to a store, you get an ad for that store. CEO Duncan McCall told me that PlaceIQ’s approach is more about “a proprietary understanding of the world,” where location data is used to build a broader profile of user behavior, which in turn can be used for targeting ads and tracking their success.
In 2013, PlaceIQ says its headcount grew by more than 70 employees (444 percent). It claims to have achieved profitability as well, and it raised a $6.75 million round of funding.
So why does it need more money? McCall said that he told investors, “We’re not raising any money,” but VCs continued to show interest, and eventually he looked at the offers and decided that there was an opportunity to expand. He argued that location data can be used for more than mobile ads: “It’s sort of the next frontier for understanding consumer behavior.”
The round was led by Harmony Partners. New investor Iris Capital also participated, as did previous backers from the Series B, including US Venture Partners, IA Ventures, and Valhalla Partners.
PlaceIQ is also expanding its relationship with Publicis Group. The company was already working with Publicis’ agency SMG, but now it’s partnering with the ad giant’s innovation-focused group VivaKi to bring PlaceIQ technology to all Publicis agencies.
One of the big draws of PlaceIQ for agencies and brand advertisers, McCall said, is the fact that it offers them the aforementioned tracking and attribution. For example, if a travel company is running a campaign to convince people to visit a given state, PlaceIQ can tell them how many people actually came after they saw the ad, and if they’d been to the state before.
Update: The company previously told me their headcount grew 543 percent last year, but a spokesman now says the number is 444 percent. This post has been rewritten with the updated number.
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With $6.3M In Funding, Former TIBCO Execs Launch Enterprise Mobile Messaging App Avaamo
Ryan Lawler @ryanlawler / 6 years
Mobile messaging startup Avaamo, which was built by former TIBCO execs and has raised $6.3 million, wants to provide an app for enterprise communications that is both simple to use and secure.
Consider Avaamo one more app to take part in the “consumerization of enterprise” trend by building a business-grade messaging app that looks a hell of a lot more like something a user might download to text with friends. Behind the scenes, though, Avaamo has a lot of features that are necessary for enterprise users.
Let’s start with the similarities to consumer apps: Avaamo looks like what you might expect from a consumer messaging app — it has a similar contact list, as well as a list of ongoing conversations with other users. Heck, it even has its own class of stickers or emoji, with business-focused themes. And it’s fast, delivering messages almost instantaneously after being sent.
Unlike some enterprise communications apps, which limit conversation just to the employees within an organization, Avaamo was built so users can send secure messages to folks outside their organization as well as those they work with. That said, the app contains a separate contact list so users can quickly message other employees from within the same company.
What users don’t see is all the security and administration features that have been built into the app. All messages are sent wrapped in enterprise-level encryption, and users can even move their conversations to an ephemeral “off-the-record” mode that has messages disappear after a short period of time.
The app has an API that enables organizations to hook Avaamo into their own business applications and send notifications to a user. It also provides organizations with administrative tools to provide more granular controls over users’ security and access to the network of other employees within an organization. When an employee is terminated, it’s easy to ensure they can no longer message others or have access to shared documents.
All in all, the app was designed to facilitate conversations for an increasingly mobile workforce. According to co-founder and CEO Ram Menon, for many Global 100 customers and mid-market businesses, the fundamental problem is that employees are using consumer messaging tools their companies can’t control.
Menon and co-founder Sriram Chakravarthy come from TIBCO, where they conceptualized and built that company’s enterprise social network tibbr. But there was a certain number of users that they just couldn’t reach with that tool.
We’re not talking about knowledge workers who spend their days at a desk and do most of their communications by email, but users who are tied to their phones. At many retail outlets, for instance, floor managers are unlikely to have email address, but they will have a smartphone. In that scenario, their ID is the company-issued phone number but they are probably using a mix of SMS and other messaging apps to communicate with other employees.
As a result, Avaamo is less of a competitor to communication and collaboration tools like Slack or Yammer, and more of a tool designed to replace all the consumer messaging apps consumers are using for business.
That mobile-first and mobile-only workforce is even more prevalent in Asia, which is why the company took funding from investors in that area. It raised $6.3 million in seed financing led by WI Harper Group, with additional investors that include Rembrandt Ventures Partners, Streamlined Ventures, Eleven Two Capital and Ovo Fund.
With that funding, the folks behind Avaamo hope to get the app embedded in more enterprises. They’re hoping to do that in part by having enterprise users install the app themselves, but also through a series of distribution partnerships with enterprise service providers who will pre-install it.
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Chromebook Sales Predicted To Grow 27% This Year, To 7.3M Units
Google’s cloud-based Chromebooks continue carving a niche for themselves — predominantly in the education sector, as a less expensive alternative for this group of users than the iPad, but also making inroads in the U.S. consumer market.
Analyst Gartner has just put out a new forecast for the Google OS laptops which predicts that worldwide sales of Chromebooks will grow 27 per cent year on year — with 7.3 million forecast to be purchased in 2015.
Last August, the analyst suggested Chromebooks would remain a niche market for the next five years, although its forecast then — of 5.2 million sold in 2014 — proved to be an underestimate. Its latest report notes 5.7 million of the devices being purchased last year.
For some wider PC market context, Gartner reported that worldwide PC shipments numbered almost 72 million units in the first quarter of this year (although Chromebooks aren’t included in Gartner’s PC figures).
Education remains the primary buyer of Chromebooks, accounting for 72 per cent of total sales last year according to Gartner’s latest data. It notes the majority of Chromebooks sales across all regions as being in the schools sector, with EMEA seeing the largest proportion of regional sales going to the education sector.
Last year Google quietly expanded its Google Play for Education app and brought its e-book store from Android tablets to Chromebooks, so it’s been working to burnish the education credentials of the device.
Gartner says Google is also seeing some success with Chromebooks in the U.S. consumer market — taking more than a third of regional sales there — although the analyst notes it continues struggling with brand awareness with non-U.S. consumers.
On the business front, Chromebook adoption remains low — and this despite Google increasingly targeting the segment with its Chromebook for Work suite of office applications and usability improvements such as making more applications and services available offline.
Gartner believes Google’s focus here will pay off in time — and that Chromebooks will become a “valid device choice” for enterprises wanting a low cost, easy to manage option.
Google has also shown itself willing to play the long game with Chromebooks, which came to market all the way back in 2011. And school users will of course graduate to being employees over time — so it’s likely hoping early Chromebook exposure in education grows up to power greater growth in enterprise adoption.
From a regional perspective, a large majority (84 per cent) of 2014 Chromebook sales were sold in North America. The EMEA region is the next largest market for Google’s laptops, representing 11 per cent of total sales in 2014. While Asia/Pacific accounted for less than 3 per cent of the Chromebook market, with demand there coming from Australia, New Zealand and Japan.
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Google’s Street View Trekker Makes A Return Trip To The Galapagos Islands
Frederic Lardinois @fredericl / 5 years
Google’s Street View cameras recently made a return trip to the Galapagos to catch up with the local population of giant tortoises.
The company first launched Street View imagery of the islands back in 2013, when it partnered with the Charles Darwin Foundation and Galápagos National Park to produce the first set of images. Last year, the company sponsored a similar trip to collect more imagery from more of the islands with a focus on the giant tortoises that are one of the most recognizable symbols of the islands.
Thanks to this updated imagery, you can now take a leisurely (virtual) stroll across many of the islands’ trails to see the animals in their natural habitat.
The company says the main idea here is to support the ongoing conservation efforts and scientific studies. Not too long ago, it looked like some tortoises species on the islands were in danger of going extinct, but today the population is growing again thanks to a number of conservation efforts that include breeding centers and the eradication of invasive species.
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Udacity spin-out Voyage aims to build a full self-driving taxi business
Udacity’s self-driving car program has been focused on training engineers and helping progress the field with open source contributions, but now Udacity Vice President Oliver Cameron is striking out with a new company called Voyage, which was born out of Udacity’s autonomous efforts. Voyage wants to put self-driving cars on the road as part of a fleet of taxis, created using retrofits to existing vehicles that add autonomous capabilities without requiring ground-up vehicle creation.
The task Voyage sets for itself is nonetheless incredibly ambitious: The company wants to operate its own self-driving service entirely, including creating the ride hailing platform through which it’ll operate, and providing a unique product that relies heavily on voice input from the driver to get the ride going, control music and make stops, reports Business Insider. Voyage sees its customers as “drivers” in the sense that they’re in control of the in-vehicle experience, even if the vehicle is driving itself.
Voyage wants to get its cars working in a commercial capacity sooner, rather than later. The startup is looking at fielding vehicles “very soon,” according to the Insider report, and has already secured permission to start operating test vehicles with passenger trials sometime in the next few months, though it’s not discussing specific spots just yet.
Voyage will enter a busy space with tough competitors, including Uber and Ford, who have a lot of road experience already under their belts. The company also isn’t taking any of the tech developed by Udacity students via its self-driving program with it, according to Udacity, and Udacity CEO Sebastian Thrun said that he’s keeping his distance from any of Voyage’s activities because of conflicts related to his prior role at Google’s self-driving car program.
Udacity provided the following statement regarding Voyage’s debut via a spokesperson:
Our Self-Driving Car Nanodegree program has seen strong demand with over 6,600 students enrolled worldwide and 24 hiring partners including Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Nvidia and Delphi among others. We are thrilled to have built a program of this calibre and have the ability to spin off a company in the self-driving space — there is no better testimony for the program. We look forward to watching Voyage grow in this exciting space.
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Western Union, often disrupted by startups, partners with a startup for digital push in the Philippines
Jon Russell @jonrussell / 2 years
Global money mover Western Union is commonly a target for fintech companies, but the firm is teaming up with a startup to help increase its presence in the world’s third-most lucrative remittance market: the Philippines.
Coins, the Manila-based fintech startup that was recently acquired by $10 billion ride-hailing company Go-Jek, said today that it will integrate Western Union, which is valued at $8 billion on the NYSE, into its app to allow Philippines-based users to receive money sent to them from overseas.
The Philippines is a mighty country when it comes to money transfers. There are some 10 million Philippine nationals based overseas and a recent World Bank report ranked the company the world’s third-most lucrative corridor with an estimated $34 billion sent home from overseas last year. (That’s the same as Mexico, with India and China in first and second place, respectively.)
The partnership means Coins users — the company claims five million downloads to date — who receive money via Western Union won’t need to trudge out and wait in line to collect it. Instead, it can be remitted to the Coins app, from where it can be transferred on to other people (peer-to-peer transfers are free) or used on the Coins platform for other payments. Money in the app can be used to pay for utility bills, mobile top-up, public transport trips and at merchants that support its payment service.
One thing the alliance doesn’t do, however, is remove Western Union fees, but Coins founder and CEO Ron Hose is optimistic that the deal brings value for both parties and consumers in the Philippines.
“Our mission is working with banks and financial service providers to bring services to people who don’t have access,” he told TechCrunch in an interview.
Hose declined to comment on Western Union payments — which are routinely seized upon by startups that look to offer more transparent and cheaper overseas transfers — but, in theory, moving money digitally could pave the way for retail-based remitters, like Western Union, to reduce operational costs and potentially make their service cheaper for consumers in the future.
Western Union already operates its own apps, but, like a number of “old school” global money platforms, its business is inherently a retail one rather than a tech one. That’s because it has a strong physical presence — with more than 500,000 location worldwide and some 12,000 in the Philippines alone — which brings with it operational costs, while there is also KYC and other anti-laundering processes that increase expenditure.
It remains to be seen where the Coins-Western Union deal will head. Parent company Go-Jek is busily expanding into Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore while it has a strong base in its native Indonesia, so there could be potential for further alliances in the future.
The Philippines is part of the broad “Middle East, Africa, and South Asia” region in Western Union’s financial reporting. The company reported flat growth in the region last year, with it accounting for 15 percent of all revenue. It grossed $1.4 billion in sales in the final quarter, but that was down three percent year-on-year. On the positive side, Western Union said its online service grew to 12 percent of consumer sales in the quarter — deals like the Coins partnership are aimed at finding its digital future.
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Trace Insider Trading for Facebook, Advanced Micro Devices, Walgreen, Twitter, Microsoft, and Apple
PHOENIX, August 13, 2014 /PRNewswire/ — Today, Insiderslab.com released the latest insider trading research for Facebook (NASDAQ:FB), Advanced Micro Devices (NYSE:AMD), Walgreen (NYSE:WAG), Twitter (NYSE:TWTR), Microsoft (NASDAQ:MSFT), and Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL). US stock investors can access these reports through the links below, including stock performance, insider trading signals, and visual results.
(Read full report by clicking the link below, you may need to copy and paste the full link to your browser.)
Facebook Inc (NASDAQ:FB): By the end of last trading session, the shares of Facebook (NASDAQ:FB) lost 0.83% (or US$0.61) to US$72.83 with 27.39 million shares exchanged hands, compared to daily average volume of 42.86 million. The social giant’s debt-to-equity ratio is very low at 0.02 and is currently below that of the industry average, implying that there has been very successful management of debt levels. Along with this, the company maintains a quick ratio of 12.48, which clearly demonstrates the ability to cover short-term cash needs. Compare to the industry of Internet Information Providers dropped 1.08%; its competitor Twitter, Inc. (TWTR) rose 1.25% to US$43.81. Insiderslab.com found company VP Marketing & Bus. Part., David B. Fischer, sold his shares at the price of US$73.04 – US$73.34 on August 6 – 7. Investors may want to find out how Facebook insiders like CEOs, CFOs and Directors are thinking about the future of the company. Check this insider trade report for FB here.
Exclusive Report: http://www.insiderslab.com/PR3/081314A/FB/Facebook
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (NYSE:AMD): By the end of last trading session, the shares of Advanced Micro Devices (NYSE:AMD) dropped 1.45% (or US$0.06) to US$4.08 with 27.37 million shares exchanged hands, compared to daily average volume of 43.50 million. The company revenue growth came in higher than the industry average of 9.4%. Since the same quarter one year prior, revenues rose by 24.1%. This growth in revenue appears to have trickled down to the company’s bottom line, improving the earnings per share. Compare to the industry of Semiconductor – Broad Line slide 0.38%, its competitor Intel Corporation (INTC) earned 0.33% to US$33.13. Insiderslab.com found company CFO, Devinder Kumar, sold his shares at the price of US$4.13 on August 8. Investors may want to find out how Advanced Micro Devices insiders like CEOs, CFOs and Directors are thinking about the future of the company. Check this insider trade report for AMD here.
Exclusive Report: http://www.insiderslab.com/PR3/081314A/AMD/AdvancedMicroDevices
Walgreen Company (NYSE:WAG): By the end of last trading session, the shares of Walgreen (NYSE:WAG) rose 0.27% (or US$0.17) to US$62.16 with 12.39 million shares exchanged hands, compared to daily average volume of 11.00 million. Walgreen Company has a 52-week low of US$46.75 and a 52-week high of US$76.39. The stock has a 50-day moving average of US$70 and a 200-day moving average of US$67.95. The company has a market cap of US$58.962 billion and a P/E ratio of 21.16. Walgreen Company also saw a significant increase in short interest in the month of July. Compare to the industry of Drug Stores earned 0.29%; its competitor CVS Caremark Corporation (CVS) lifted 0.40% to US$78.67. Insiderslab.com found company SVP – Corp. Fin. Operations, Mia M. Scholz, sold her shares at the price of US$61.93 on August 11. Investors may want to find out how Walgreen insiders like CEOs, CFOs and Directors are thinking about the future of the company. Check this insider trade report for WAG here.
Exclusive Report: http://www.insiderslab.com/PR3/081314A/WAG/Walgreen
Today Insiderslab.com also observed abnormal trade volume for the following companies; insiders may involve trading in these companies. It will take some time for insiders to report their trades. Read these reports and add these companies into your Insider Trade Radar.
Twitter Inc (NYSE:TWTR):
Exclusive Report: http://www.insiderslab.com/PR3/081314A/TWTR/Twitter
Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ:MSFT):
Exclusive Report: http://www.insiderslab.com/PR3/081314A/MSFT/Microsoft
Apple Inc. (NASDAQ:AAPL):
Exclusive Report: http://www.insiderslab.com/PR3/081314A/AAPL/Apple
Insider Filing Source Reference: All observations, analysis and reports are based on public information released by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
About Insiderslab.com:
Insiderslab.com covers insider trade data in major stock markets in the U.S., Hong Kong, Mainland China, and Singapore. Insiderslab.com features a team of experienced data analysts striving to provide the investment community with the tools, software, and data necessary to carry out more effective investment research.
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Publicity/Social Media/Marketing
Smooth blues operator Robert Cray glides into town
By NICK MCGREGOR
Back in the early 1980s, blues music was languishing behind the dance-pop, hip-hop and hard rock taking the MTV world by storm. But handsome, honey-voiced guitar slinger Robert Cray made one of the first forays into that celebrity stratosphere with his 1985 hit “Smokin’ Gun.”
Close to 30 years later, Cray is still one of the most visible ambassadors for traditional blues, even as he incorporates soul, R&B, jazz and even Latin influences into his well-oiled live show. And you can’t deny the man’s laundry list of accomplishments: five Grammy awards, a spot in the Blues Hall of Fame, multiple tours with guitar demi-god Eric Clapton, recording sessions with pioneers like John Lee Hooker, and even an uncredited appearance in cult film National Lampoon’s Animal House.
Drift caught up with Cray to talk about The Beatles, political inspiration and his love of live performance.
Drift: You just played the Grammy Foundation’s 14th Annual Music Preservation Project Celebration of the Live Music Experience the other night, correct? How was that experience, performing with legends like Mavis Staples, Trombone Shorty, and Jonny Lang?
Robert Cray: It was pretty cool — a lot of great names onstage, a great house band, and for a great cause.
Drift: Going back a bit farther, how did you first get turned on to the blues?
RC: I started playing guitar in the mid ‘60s because of The Beatles. When they hit, everybody got a guitar, and I followed suit. So I played and listened to everything that was on the radio until my high school days, when I had a couple of other guitar-playing friends that were listening to people like Buddy Guy and Magic Sam. So I jumped into that crowd, and then we went into intense research mode, buying books and records and having all these dreams about being blues guys [laughs]. It was a great fantasy, because we were about 16, still in high school. And then for some strange reason, our senior class voted to have Albert Collins play our graduation party. That pretty much cemented the whole thing.
Drift: How important was it to you to meet men like Collins, along with other legends like John Lee Hooker, who you recorded and toured with later on?
RC: It was important to me because it was like that fantasy coming true after worshipping these guys as teenagers. We picked up on their character — John Lee Hooker stuttered, but he was just the sweetest guy in the world, you know? All these people that we were idolizing were just amazing guys. It was a fantastic experience.
Drift: You toured with Collins and recorded with Hooker before finding success with your own band. Is that a common blueprint for blues success, serving as a sideman for many years before breaking out on your own?
RC: You do have to put down your roots, and it’s important to do your homework. You learn from the elders; that’s all a part of the preservation.
Drift: Once you did start to make a name for yourself as a bandleader in the early ‘80s, did you have to adjust your focus away from just straight blues to appeal to a broader audience?
RC: Well, you know, we’re not particularly a straight-ahead blues band, and other influences are just natural to us. I started playing in the ‘60s and my ears were open to a lot of different styles of music. I’m a blues fanatic, but I’m also big into soul and jazz and all the other things that come with it. So we just take things on a song-to-song basis.
Drift: As far as songwriting inspiration goes, has it changed a lot in the last 35-plus years that you’ve been writing your own material?
RC: The inspiration comes from all different sources. Some old personal things, some things I see go on with friends, some of it is political, some is made up… In that sense, nothing’s changed — it’s just about finding different stories with each new album.
Drift: How political do you get, especially in these ultra-polarized times that we live in?
RC: It gives me a lot of inspiration, the way everything is politically charged like you said. We’ll probably see some more of that on our next recording, which we’re going to do next month. Then we’ll look at a September release.
Drift: You’ve earned a lot of credit over the years not just for being a great guitar player but also a great singer. Is that a skill that came naturally to you when you were younger, or have you had to work on it over the years?
RC: I’m still working on it [laughs]. It’s an ongoing process, which is the way it should be. When I first started, I wasn’t a lead singer, and I kind of got elected after a while. I was in a couple of bands where we had the lead singers leave, so I was forced into those situations. I enjoy it now, but in those earlier days I was too shy to be a front person.
Drift: Did your experience with legendary characters like John Lee Hooker and Albert Collins give you a little taste of the charisma needed to lead a band?
RC: Well, those are two giant personalities: Albert Collins taking the floor, walking into the crowd, and John Lee Hooker owning it. That’s not really my kind of personality, although I enjoyed watching them do what they did. I think what’s most important is they would give you the respect, and they would encourage you to be a leader. That was very important to us.
Drift: A lot of blues artists say they prefer going out on the road and performing live to recording in the studio. What’s your take?
RC: I definitely prefer live. The studio is great, but you do your recording and it’s done; you leave it there. Then after that you go out on the road the songs change, which is what should happen. What’s exciting about the road is where those songs go when you’re out playing them differently every night. When we do record, we do very few takes, trying to keep that somewhat live feel. The studio is fun, but it’s a cage — you gotta get out and play live.
Drift: What’s your take on the future of the blues? Last month I interviewed your good friend Keb’ Mo’ about his new record label that’s recruiting African-American talent to keep the art form alive.
RC: He probably talked about Gary Clarke Jr., didn’t he? Kevin’s the one who turned me on to him; we were out together touring and he showed he a YouTube video of this young guy owning the blues. And on top of that, making the music fresh with his generation is always what changes. Back in the ‘80s, when we first came on the scene, we were adding some different flavor to the blues to keeping it going; it was a natural thing back then, and it’s a natural thing for Gary, too. It’s great to see.
Article Source: StAugustine.com
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Obituary: Ralph Baker
Nine News Regional returns with job cuts
Obituary: Rob Gaylard
Rob Gaylard, former TV and radio presenter and prominent racing identity, has died suddenly at the age of 70.
He had been a sports presenter at BTV6 in Ballarat in the 1980s, later moving to National Nine News in Melbourne.
YouTube: rubicon nz
He also worked as a newsreader at Bendigo-based Southern Cross Eyewitness News when it launched a statewide bulletin following aggregation in 1992.
When Channel 31 began in Melbourne in 1994, he hosted the channel’s Saturday night harness racing coverage. He continued in the role through to 2000.
YouTube: kylegalley
He worked extensively as a host, MC and race caller for various racing clubs and was also a media consultant to the racing industry.
Rob Gaylard is survived by wife Karen and daughter Casey.
Source: Bay 93.9, Racing Victoria, Racing.com
Community TV, Nine News, Obituary, Southern Cross, WIN
Permanent link to this article: https://televisionau.com/2020/07/obituary-rob-gaylard.html
Luke on 22 July 2020 at 9:41 PM
Remember Rob well on Southern Cross tv back in the early 90’s. RIP.
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Thousands of London Overground customers set for new trains
New air-conditioned trains will serve West Anglia, Barking to Gospel Oak and Romford to Upminster routes from 2018
"This brand new fleet of trains will enable London Overground to carry a growing number of passengers more reliably and speedily than ever"
Thousands of customers on London Overground routes in East and North East London will travel on new air-conditioned trains from 2018, after TfL today announced that a contract with a capital value of around £260m will be awarded to Bombardier Transportation to build a new fleet of trains.
The 45 new trains will operate on the Liverpool Street to Enfield Town, Cheshunt (via Seven Sisters) and Chingford routes, which became part of the TfL network in May, as well as on the routes between Barking and Gospel Oak and between Romford and Upminster.
New trains will transform service
The new trains will transform the service experienced by customers on these routes, and will have similar features to the fleet that serves other parts of the London Overground network, including walk-through carriages, air-conditioning and improved accessibility. TfL's 24 stations on the West Anglia routes are now, as with the rest of London Overground, staffed at all times and are undergoing an extensive programme of cleaning and other improvements to bring the service up to the high standards experienced elsewhere on the network.
The contract, which is subject to a statutory ten day standstill period, will see the trains built in Derby - supporting hundreds of jobs in the area and more than 20 apprenticeships. TfL's wider supply chain supports some 60,000 jobs outside the Capital.
Helping support jobs and skills
Mayor of London, Boris Johnson MP, said: 'This brand new fleet of trains will enable London Overground to carry a growing number of passengers more reliably and speedily than ever. The award of this contract is good news not just for London Overground customers but for UK plc as well. By investing in new trains here in the Capital TfL is helping to support jobs and skills in Derby and right across the country.'
Mike Brown MVO, Managing Director of London Rail, said: 'These 45 new trains will significantly improve the comfort, reliability and overall quality of train services for our customers. Some of the trains we have inherited along the West Anglia route are over 30 years old and have not been in use for some time. We're now working hard to overhaul these trains to make them more reliable until the new trains come into service from 2018.
'Ordering new trains for the Gospel Oak to Barking line and West Anglia route together, as well as including a provision to order more trains should passenger demand warrant additional capacity, ensures that we get best value for money for our customers.'
The trains that TfL inherited on the Liverpool Street to Enfield Town, Cheshunt (via Seven Sisters) and Chingford route are more than 30 years old and are not in good condition. The condition of the trains has been causing some delays, so until the new trains arrive TfL is refreshing the existing fleet as well as investing an additional £2million to modify the trains to make them more reliable - including replacing any defective doors and deploying additional engineers to ensure repairs are carried out quickly and efficiently.
The contract is for 45 trains to be introduced from 2018;
31 new trains to replace all the old Class 315 and Class 317 trains on the Overground West Anglia and Romford to Upminster routes;
8 new four-carriage trains for the electrification of the existing Overground route between Gospel Oak and Barking;
6 new trains to bolster services on other Overground routes
The contract also gives TfL options for more trains to meet future demand and provide potential frequency improvements. The contract between TfL and Bombardier covers the manufacture and maintenance of a new fleet
The Gospel Oak to Barking route, which is already part of London Overground, is being electrified by Network Rail and due to be completed in 2017. The new four carriage electric trains will run on the route after electrification has been completed, replacing all of the two-carriage Class 172 diesel trains, and will provide improved journey times and more capacity.
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8 september 2001 9 december 2018
Hội An, formerly known as Fai-Fo or Faifoo, is a city with a population of approximately 120,000 in Vietnam’s Quảng Nam Province and noted since 1999 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Old Town Hội An, the city’s historic district, is recognized as an exceptionally well-preserved example of a Southeast Asian trading port dating from the 15th to the 19th century, its buildings and street plan reflecting a blend of indigenous and foreign influences. Prominent in the city’s old town, is its covered “Japanese Bridge,” dating to the 16th-17th century.
(Pictures taken in 2001)
The Imperial City is a walled enclosure within the citadel of the city of Huế, the former imperial capital of Vietnam.
In June 1789 Nguyễn Ánh ascended the throne of a unified Vietnam and proclaimed himself Emperor Gia Long with Hue, the ancestral seat of the Nguyen Lords as the capital. Geomancers were consulted as to the propitious location site for the new city and construction began in 1804. Thousands of workers were ordered to build the walled citadel and ringing moat, measuring some 10 kilometers long. The original earthwork was later reinforced and faced with brick and stone resulting in 2 meters thick ramparts.
The citadel was oriented to face the Huong River (Perfume River) to the southeast. This differs from Beijing’s Forbidden City in which faces true south. Rather than concentric rings, centered on the Emperor’s palace, the imperial residence itself is offset toward the southeast side of the citadel, nearer the river. A second set of tall walls and a second moat was constructed around this Imperial City, within which many edifices were added in a series of gated courtyards, gardens, pavilions and palaces. The entire complex was the seat of power until the imposition of the French protectorate in the 1880s. Thereafter it existed mostly to carry on symbolic traditions until the monarchy was ousted in 1945. At the time, the Purple Forbidden City had many buildings and hundreds of rooms. Once vacated it suffered from neglect, termite ravages, and inclement weather including a number of cyclones. Nonetheless the Imperial City was an impressive sight. Most destructive were man-made crises as evidenced in the bullet holes still visible from the military conflicts of the 20th century.
Major losses occurred in 1947 when the Viet Minh seized the Citadel in February. The French led counter-attack laid siege and the six-week ensuing battle destroyed many of the major structures. The core of the city including the Imperial Palace was burned.
The Citadel came under fire again in the early morning hours of January 31, 1968, as part of the Tet Offensive a Division-sized force of People’s Army of Vietnam and Viet Cong soldiers launched a coordinated attack on Huế seizing most of the city. During the initial phases of the Battle of Huế, due to Huế’s religious and cultural status, US troops were ordered not to bomb or shell the city, for fear of destroying the historic structures; but as casualties mounted in house-to-house fighting these restrictions were progressively lifted and the fighting caused substantial damage to the Imperial City. Viet Cong troops occupied some portions of the citadel while South Vietnamese troops occupied others; and allied warplanes targeted the anti-aircraft guns the communists has mounted on the citadel’s outer towers Out of 160 buildings only 10 major sites remain because of the battle, such as the Thái Hòa and Cần Thanh temples, Thế Miếu, and Hiển Lâm Các. The city was made a UNESCO site in 1993. The buildings that still remain are being restored and preserved.
Mỹ Sơn
Mỹ Sơn is a cluster of abandoned and partially ruined Hindu temples in Vietnam, constructed between the 4th and the 14th century AD by the kings of Champa. The temples are dedicated to the worship of the god Shiva, known under various local names, the most important of which is Bhadreshvara.
Mỹ Sơn is located near the village of Duy Phú, in the administrative district of Duy Xuyên in Quảng Nam Province in Central Vietnam, 69 km southwest of Da Nang, and approximately 10 km from the historic town of Trà Kiệu. The temples are in a valley roughly two kilometres wide that is surrounded by two mountain ranges.
From the 4th to the 14th century AD, the valley at Mỹ Sơn was a site of religious ceremony for kings of the ruling dynasties of Champa, as well as a burial place for Cham royalty and national heroes. It was closely associated with the nearby Cham cities of Indrapura (Đồng Dương) and Simhapura (Trà Kiệu). At one time, the site encompassed over 70 temples as well as numerous stele bearing historically important inscriptions in Sanskrit and Cham.
Mỹ Sơn is perhaps the longest inhabited archaeological site in Indochina, but a large majority of its architecture was destroyed by US carpet bombing during a single week of the Vietnam War.
The Mỹ Sơn temple complex is regarded one of the foremost Hindu temple complexes in Southeast Asia and is the foremost heritage site of this nature in Vietnam. It is often compared with other historical temple complexes in Southeast Asia, such as Borobudur of Java in Indonesia, Angkor Wat of Cambodia, Bagan of Myanmar and Ayutthaya of Thailand. As of 1999, Mỹ Sơn has been recognized by UNESCO as a world heritage site. At its 23rd meeting, UNESCO accorded Mỹ Sơn this recognition pursuant to its criterion C (II), as an example of evolution and change in culture, and pursuant to its criterion C (III), as evidence of an Asian civilization which is now extinct.
Ha Long Bay is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and popular travel destination in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam. The name Hạ Long means “descending dragon”. Administratively, the bay belongs to Ha Long City, Cam Pha City, and is a part of Van Don District. The bay features thousands of limestone karsts and isles in various shapes and sizes.
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Geplaatst in World Heritage Site. Getagged Ha Long Bay, Hội An, Huế, Mỹ Sơn, Vietnam.
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The Sun Post
Trump honors Mohamed VI of Morocco with the Legion of Merit…
The Republican Party raises its future after Trump in full ideological…
The US carries out the last federal execution of the Trump…
The rioters on the Capitol wanted to “capture and assassinate” the…
The Lakers reinforce their leadership against the Pelicans without Willy Hernangómez
Home Sports Football Patriots and Cowboys win division titles; Seahawks and Texans the jokers
Patriots and Cowboys win division titles; Seahawks and Texans the jokers
Dallas Cowboys player Noah Brown (right) loses the ball against Tampa Bay Buccaneers Carlton Davis III. EFE
The sixteenth and penultimate round of the National Football League (NFL) left the New England Patriots and the Dallas Cowboys with separate division titles to secure the trip to the playoff competition.
The Seahawks of Seattle with a victory and the Texans of Houston in the defeat, but with a combination of results, already have in their possession a ticket for the postseason to get each a wild card, while they still have the opportunity to.
Quarterback Tom Brady sent in touchdown passes and the Patriots got their tenth consecutive division title by winning 24-12 at the Buffalo Bills.
New England puts its mark in 10-5 as champion of the Eastern Division of the American Conference (AFC).
The Patriots improved to 7-0 at home and became the first franchise in NFL history to win tickets to the finals in 10 consecutive seasons.
With the victory of the Philadelphia Eagles 32-30 over the Houston Texans, the Patriots are back in second place in the American Conference (AFC).
A Patriots victory over the New York Jets next week would give them a break in the first round of NFL wild cards.
Brady completed 13 of 24 attempts for 126 yards, a touchdown and two interceptions, his lowest performance since going for 123 yards in a loss to the Bills in 2003.
But with his scoring send he joined Peyton Manning, Drew Brees and Philip Rivers with at least 10 seasons of more than 4,000 passing yards.
Manning has 14 seasons of this type, Brees entered the day with 12 and Rivers has 10.
Another passer, but of the new generation, Dak Prescott scored two touchdowns and Jaylon Smith returned a 69-yard fumble to score and the Cowboys clinched their division title with a 27-20 victory over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
The Cowboys (9-6) won the East Division title of the National Conference (NFC) and secured their second trip to the finals in three years with Prescott and star runner Ezekiel Elliott as leaders in the Texans’ offense.
Quarterback Russell Wilson threw a two-yard touchdown pass to Ed Dickson with 7:31 left to play and the Seahawks secured a wild card by defeating the Kansas City Chiefs 38-31.
The victory allows the Seahawks to make their mark at 9-6 and take second place in the NFC West Division.
Kicker Jake Elliott scored a 35-yard field goal when regulation time expired and the Eagles beat the Texans 32-30 and still have chances to travel to the finals.
The Texans (10-5) missed the chance to win the AFC South Division, but when the Steelers lost to the Saints, they seized a wild card.
The Texans could secure the division title with a victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars next week and get a break in the first round with a win and draw or loss of the Patriots.
With their second straight win, the Eagles (8-7) remain sub-leaders in the NFC East Division to continue their chances of making a trip to the postseason and defending the title of Super Bowl LII champions.
In other results, quarterback Drew Brees capped a 326-yard performance with two-yard scoring to Michael Thomas with 1:25 left to play and the Saints won the NFC finals in the NFC finals by winning by 31-28 to the Steelers.
With their third consecutive victory, the Saints, champions in the South Division of the NFC, put their numbers in 13-2 to be accredited the best record of that conference, when there is still a day of the regular championship.
Quarterback Mitchell Trubisky threw a touchdown pass and the Chicago Bears got their eighth win in nine games by winning a 9-14 home win over the San Francisco 49ers.
The Bears, who are 11-4, secured at least the third-best mark in the NFC finals and can get a break in the first round of wild cards with a win at the end of the season and a loss by the Rams. The Angels.
Another passer Andrew Luck made a one-yard touchdown pass to his catcher Chester Rogers with 55 seconds remaining to finish regulation time and the Indianapolis Colts maintain a chance of traveling to the finals after beating the Giants 28-27. Move York.
Quarterback Kirk Cousins sent a 44-yard touchdown pass to Kyle Rudolph as time expired in the first half of the game and put the Minnesota Vikings ahead to make it 9-27 at home to the Detroit Lions.
C.J. Anderson, who played five days after being hired by Los Angeles, ran for 167 yards, one less than his personal record, and the Rams regained form and defeated the Arizona Cardinals 9-31.
The passer Blake Bortles came off the bench at the end of the third quarter with the score was tied and led the Jaguars to defeat at home 7-17 to the Miami Dolphins, who are eliminated from the race for the finals.
Quarterback Matt Ryan threw for 239 yards and three touchdowns and the Atlanta Falcons outscored the Carolina Panthers 10-24, which added their seventh straight loss and were eliminated from contention for a ticket to the finals.
Baker Mayfield threw three touchdown passes and the Cleveland Browns defeated the Cincinnati Bengals 26-18.
Another quarterback Aaron Rodgers sent in two touchdowns and led the Green Bay Packers, who won at home in extra time 38-44 to the New York Jets, in a duel of teams that are eliminated from the final phase .
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The rioters on the Capitol wanted to “capture and assassinate” the legislators, according to US prosecutors.
Trump to leave Washington before Biden’s inauguration
Hong Kong describes the latest US sanctions for the crackdown on dissidents as “crazy and despicable”
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The president of the United States, Donald Trump, has awarded the decoration of the Legion of Merit with the rank of commander-in-chief to the...
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Trump honors Mohamed VI of Morocco with the Legion of Merit...
The Republican Party raises its future after Trump in full ideological...
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Cops Arrest One of Their Own in Child Sex Sting on 45 Charges of Child Porn and Sex Abuse of Animals
Matt Agorist September 4, 2020
LaPlace, LA — During a joint investigation into child sex abuse by the Louisiana attorney general’s office, the Louisiana Bureau of Investigation’s Cyber Crime Unit and the St. John the Baptist Sheriff’s Office, authorities made several arrests, including one of their own deputies, who now faces dozens of disturbing charges.
Avo Marzwanian, 34, of LaPlace, is charged with 10 counts of distribution and 20 counts of possession of child pornography involving juveniles under the age of 13, the attorney general’s office said. But that’s not all, apparently this deputy didn’t limit his abuse solely to children and was also charged with 15 counts of sex abuse against animals.
LA. R.S. 14:81.1 – Pornography Involving Juveniles Under the Age of Thirteen (10 counts of distribution and 20 counts of possession).
He is also charged with violating LA. R.S. 14:89.3 – Sexual Abuse of an Animal (15 counts).
Another man, who was not one of St. John the Baptist Parish’s finest was arrested during the investigation as well. Joseph Guillory, 35, also of LaPlace, is charged with 50 counts of possession of child pornography involving juveniles under the age of 13.
According to the office’s records, Marzwanian worked for the correctional department for 12 years before completing the field training program in June.
“You were chosen for this program … because your commanders see you as leaders,” Sheriff Mike Tregre said to Marzwanian when he graduated from the department’s field training officer program in June. Sadly, Tregre was wrong. Marzwanian is not a leader in any way as he preys on society’s most vulnerable.
“Crimes against children are among the most heinous acts imaginable. My office and I will continue doing everything we legally can to find and arrest child predators throughout our State,” AG Jeff Landry said. “I am grateful for our law enforcement partners who assist us in protecting Louisiana’s children. Together, we will make our State a safer place.”
Marzwanian is currently being held in the St. John the Baptist Detention Center on a $350,000 bond. The very place where he used to work is now holding him captive for his horrific alleged crimes against children and animals. Ironic justice indeed.
While this story is certainly shocking, it is unfortunately not isolated. TFTP reports on cops busted for child porn, quite literally every single week. Just this week, TFTP reported on a cop in Dallas, Sr. Cpl. Daniel Lee Collins who pleaded guilty to uploading sexual photos of underage girls to various Google accounts using the City of Dallas internet network.
U.S. Attorney Erin Nealy Cox stated that Daniel Lee Collins, 35, a former senior corporal, pleaded guilty to the crimes last month. The top cop further admitted he knew the images depicted actual minors, including a nude prepubescent female, and portrayed “sadistic or masochistic conduct.”
What’s more, Marzwanian faces the animal sex abuse charges too, which is also not uncommon. In fact, in the same state, in Livingston Parish, TFTP reported on a high level Livingston Parish Sheriff’s Office deputy — who commanded the SWAT team — and his wife, who were indicted on more than 150 felonies for unspeakable crimes against children and animals. Dennis Perkins, 44, and and his wife Cynthia Perkins, 34, are accused of multiple counts of child rape and the production of child pornography, among other disturbing charges.
As TFTP reported in October, the Perkins were arrested after a months-long criminal probe headed up by the Louisiana Attorney General’s Office. Then in December, a grand jury indicted Dennis Perkins on 78 felonies and his wife, Cynthia Perkins, on 72 felonies — involving sex acts against children under the age of 13, “two non-consenting adults, various unsuspecting victims by means of ingesting harmful substances and an animal,” according to court filings. The indictment also includes 61 counts of producing child pornography.
Also, according to the Advocate, the pair both face a count of mingling harmful substances, which involves putting harmful substances in food, drink or medicine with intent to hurt someone. According to the indictment, Perkins is accused of ejaculating on various pastries and into bottles of energy drinks that were then ingested by unsuspecting victims. Cynthia is accused of giving them to students at the school in which she was a teacher.
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The Reserve Club Honorary Member Susie Berning Named To World Golf Hall Of Fame
Longtime instructor in exclusive company in Class of 2021
INDIAN WELLS, Calif. – Four-time major champion Susie Maxwell Berning, a treasured golf instructor-in-residence at The Reserve Club since its inception in 1998, has been selected as an inductee in the World Golf Hall of Fame, Class of 2021.
“Susie embodies every characteristic of a Hall of Famer: exceptional skill, integrity and passion, and is dedicated to the sport and professionalism of golf,” said Bill Lane, Club President at The Reserve. “Her vast playing and teaching expertise is exceeded only by the personal attention she provides, enriching each lesson or playing experience. We are most fortunate she shares her time with members, and we are thrilled she has been elected to the World Golf Hall of Fame.”
Four-time major champion Susie Maxwell Berning
“Susie embodies every characteristic of a Hall of Famer: integrity, exceptional skill set, passion and dedication for the sport and professionalism,” said Bill Lane, Club President at The Reserve. “Her vast playing and teaching expertise is exceeded only by the personal attention she provides, enriching each lesson or playing experience.”
Berning began playing golf at the age of 15 and won three-straight Oklahoma State High School Golf Championships. She was the first female to be offered a golf scholarship from Oklahoma City University and played on the men’s team. After becoming an LPGA professional in 1964, she earned the Rookie of the Year title. Throughout her career, she won 11 times including an impressive four Majors – the 1965 Women’s Western Open and the U.S. Women’s Open three times in 1968, 1972 and 1973. She is one of only four women to win the U.S. Women’s Open three or more times, and the first to accomplish this while juggling a family.
For the past 20 years, Susie has been an LPGA Teaching Professional at The Reserve Club and has become an integral part of The Reserve family.
Berning joins Tiger Woods, Marion Hollins and Tim Finchem in the induction class of 2021. The four Inductees will bring the World Golf Hall of Fame Member total to 164.
She is the recipient of the 2018 LPGA Pioneers award for her contributions to the game and was recognized during the LPGA’s 50th Anniversary in 2000 as one of the LPGA’s top-50 players and teachers.
Berning has two daughters, Robin Doctor and Cindy Molchany. She was one of just a few LPGA players who traveled with children in the 1970s, driving a motorhome across the country to tour stops.
The Reserve Club is an exclusive, environmentally responsible golf and residential community. The Reserve’s 700 acres includes its prized 18-hole course – plus three Trophy Holes – occupying one of the last great expanses of native desert landscapes designated for golf in the Coachella Valley. Designed by Weiskopf and Jay Moorish, the course’s greatness is defined by the natural flow of the land, from rugged outcroppings and ridges to picturesque canyons nestled into the surrounding Santa Rosa Mountains.
For more information about The Reserve Club, call (760) 674-2239 or visit www.thereserveclub.com
About The Reserve
This premier golf and social residential community stands as a monument to the marriage of natural beauty and a healthy and vibrant lifestyle. Creating a one-of-a-kind luxury living experience and private club, The Reserve also maintains focus on preserving its 700 acres, one of the last great expenses of native desert landscape in the Coachella Valley. The Reserve Community’s homes are in harmony with the desert landscape, with stunning views of the Santa Rosa, San Jacinto, and San Bernardino mountain ranges. The Reserve’s championship Tom Weiskopf-Jay Morrish-designed golf course meanders through rugged rock outcroppings, ever changing elevations, and desert foliage with surrounding mountain ranges providing a striking backdrop. The Club Village includes the Clubhouse, Lakehouse, Fitness Center, and Golf Shop. Whether playing golf, dining, socializing, attending a vast array of events, enjoying sensational views from the patios, reading in the library, volleying on the tennis courts (both clay and hard court), playing pickleball, exercising, practicing yoga with our experienced trainers, being pampered with spa services, relaxing poolside at the Jr. Olympic size pool on a sun-drenched day, or enjoying hiking and walking trails, The Reserve provides the complete club lifestyle. www.thereserveclub.com
Denise R. Adams
Director of Membership, Sales & Marketing
dadams@thereserveclub.com
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Big thinking
A conversation about social justice and racism, with Ben & Jerry’s global head of activism strategy, Chris Miller.
"Corporations are not typically engaged in the wider issues that our societies are wrestling with"
300 years ago, the church was the most powerful entity in society, and then we saw the rise of nation states and national governments. Now we see corporations holding great sway, and that’s problematic, because corporations are most often pursuing their own narrow self-interest.
They’re not typically engaged in these wider issues that our societies are wrestling with. They’re thinking about tax policy. They’re thinking about trade policy. Typically, companies believe that they have a limited amount of political capital, and to expend it on issues and causes that perhaps are part of the greater good, detracts from their ability to advance the things in their own narrow self-interests.
As consumers, as individuals, we have different relationships with different kinds of brands. We purchase products and services from a broad range of companies, and I think some of those purchases are built around a straight product transaction. When I’m going to fill up my car with petrol, I’m not particularly brand-loyal. It’s “When do I need it, where am I, where’s the gas station?” But the companies that we are most fond of, I think, as a rule, are the companies that engage us outside of that straight product transaction.
Ben and Jerry really pioneered this model of corporate social responsibility. They were on the first wave of that movement. Ben said, many years ago – and it’s a quote we continue to reference at the company – “The strongest bonds you can create with your customers is around a shared set of values.” Those customers who connect with you around something other than just buying a tub of ice cream, are the consumers that are less likely to trade you for Haagen Dazs when it’s on sale. Right?
You’re clearly seeing more and more companies trying to do this. They understand that that’s true. This buzz around the term “purpose” and purpose-led companies and brands, and everybody’s got a purpose. That’s an acknowledgement that it is both a strategy to grow businesses and that it is increasingly an expectation that consumers have that companies engage on these kinds of issues.
We’re a company with a 42-year history of using our business as a lever to advance change, not just sell ice cream. We have been engaged specifically on issues of racial justice and the need to reform our nation’s criminal justice system for the last few years. While racism and discrimination exist in every society around the world, we have a unique history in the U.S. that’s built on essentially 400 years of legalised repression of Black folks. The law enforcement community and the criminal justice system have been the ways in which that legalised repression has manifested itself. That was the tool through which our society, primarily metaphorically, kept the knee on the neck of Black folks for 400 years.
So, if you are a white American, like I am, it never ever occurred to me, growing up or through much of my life, to ever even consider the idea that the police represented a threat to my body. It’s not something that entered my consciousness. I mean, I didn’t want to get pulled over and get a speeding ticket. However, if you’re a Black American, you fear the police.
For us – a company of a lot of white people in a pretty white state – we saw work on the criminal justice system necessary because of the huge disparity between the way white Americans and Black Americans experience law enforcement. There was an opportunity for us to step into that breach and perhaps help our fans and consumers see this issue in a way they hadn’t before. So, we’ve been doing that for the last few years, advocating for a set of policies that would reduce mass incarceration in the U.S. because it is so disproportionately felt by people of colour.
"There are moments when it is important simply to stand and be counted. To say the things that are hard, that are uncomfortable, that people don’t often want to say"
Ben & Jerry’s released a statement in support of the Black Lives Matter movement in October 2016, following the killing of Michael Brown, Trayvon Martin and Eric Garner.
And we released a statement, just a few weeks ago, in response to recent events, calling for our country to grapple with its uncomfortable past in order to dismantle white supremacy. There are moments when it is important simply to stand and be counted. To say the things that are hard, that are uncomfortable, that people don’t often want to say, because, at least here in the U.S., there is no path to a more just and equitable future that doesn’t include reckoning with and confronting this really uncomfortable history.
All Americans know slavery existed. But it’s a pretty common point of view in the U.S. to believe that this country was desegregated in the ‘60s: legal discrimination was ended by the Civil Rights Act of ’64, the Voting Rights Act in 1965. We had a Black president and therefore, we’re good. And there is a history that most Americans haven’t been taught. Part of what resonated with our statement about dismantling white supremacy was that it talked about the things that most often people don’t want to talk about, and certainly corporations don’t want to talk about.
We are on the ground working in communities like St. Louis; Missouri; and Miami, Florida on specific aspects of reforming the criminal justice system, but there are times when sometimes you just have to say, “This shit is fucked up,” and say it. Part of the work is to say it. We don’t want to overestimate the importance of the statement, but there are moments when it is important simply to stand up and be counted, and that’s what that was.
It has been the biggest thing that we’ve ever put out in the world, in terms of reach and engagement.
The average time on this page tells us people were reading the entire thing. The reaction to it has been overwhelming, and I think it’s probably just because it stood out in a sea of maybe less direct statements from corporations.
But even for the companies who bobbled it, on balance, this is a good thing.
“The companies that got the most blowback were the companies who tried to navigate this mushy middle. They felt the need to say something, but didn’t want it to be too controversial.”
In the same way that people don’t know how to wrestle with this issue, people are afraid of saying the wrong thing. Generally speaking, those who were speaking out on this came from a place of good intent. Companies are just a collection of people. And look, I’m super cynical and I do think that, day in, day out, companies are putting messages out in the world that are not authentic, that are trying to appropriate causes in order to create buzz and drive relevance for their brands.
I was on a call today. I won’t disclose the company, but it is a company and a brand that you would know, and they wrestled deeply, internally. They wanted to say something, they all felt strongly about what’s been happening, but they were also petrified that they’d get it wrong.
The fact that so many companies spoke up, I think is less about marketers trying to surf a trend. Because this is a Black man who was murdered in the streets of Minneapolis, and people are protesting in the streets of London and Sydney. This now has a scale that has been felt in a way that these issues haven’t in the past. That’s what it represents. Yes, there were other companies that I think made good statements. There are companies that made no statement.
The companies that got the most blowback were the companies who tried to navigate this mushy middle. They felt the need to say something, but didn’t want it to be too controversial. The National Football League, their first statement, which was just ridiculed – particularly given their history on this very issue – didn’t even mention the word racism. It’s not productive if we can’t even say the word racism.
When I think about the way in which we approach the advocacy and activism work that we do at Ben & Jerry’s, I think about it as having breadth and depth. The breadth is, we have a huge megaphone. Right? I remember many, many years ago, gosh, it’s probably the late ‘80s, early ‘90s. Ben and Jerry’s used to do an annual music festival in Vermont, and people would travel from all over the Northeast and there’d be some national acts. And in order to get a free ice cream cone, you’d have to sign a postcard to Congress.
At the end of the festival, after two days, I bet they had 8-10,000 postcards to Congress. We now have the ability, with our digital and social channels, to reach an audience that Ben could only have dreamed of back then. We can get 10,000 people to hit Congress on the need to legalise marijuana in ten minutes.
The depth work is about the on-the-ground grassroots work that really drives change. There’s a part of the breadth that’s about shifting narrative, and helping people become part of movements by taking action with our partners. We’re working with a grassroots coalition of groups in St. Louis, Missouri in order to close a particularly terrible prison. It’s a prison that’s over 100 years old. It’s dirty, it’s horrible, and it essentially exists to house people who are pre-trial.
The city of St. Louis is about 50% African American. 96, 97% of the people in this prison are Black[i], and many have never been convicted of anything. They’re simply sitting in jail because they don’t have the money to post bail to get out prior to their trial. So, literally, they’ve criminalised poverty in the city of St. Louis, and Black people are paying the price. So, we are working with those groups on the ground, using the diverse set of tools that we have as an ice cream company, to help and support their strategy to get this prison closed.
This is a critically important election in the U.S. We have been planning for 18 months to be deeply engaged in voter turnout. Young people in the U.S. have shockingly low rates of voter participation. And again, that plan has breadth and depth to it. We are launching a national digital push to make sure people are registered, and to register them if they’re not.
It remains to be seen the degree to which these calls for change are realised, but I’ve seen nothing like this in my lifetime. Again, in the second whitest state in the country, there was a big rally in my little suburban hometown today in support of the Black Lives Matter movement. That would have been insane to think about a few weeks ago. Literally, Burlington, Vermont is the largest city in the state. It has 40,000 people in it. There was a meeting of the Burlington City Council to discuss the 2021 fiscal year budget for the city. There were over 1,000 people that queued up on Zoom to call for sizeable cuts in the Burlington Police Department budget.
I am willing to bet there have never been 1,000 people who queued up to say anything to the City Council, let alone reduce the size of the police budget. That’s one in every 40 residents of the city of Burlington.
This is a different moment.
As told to Andrew Beattie.
[i] Close the Workhouse: a plan to close the workhouse and promote a new vision for St Louis. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ada6072372b96dbb234ee99/t/5efa4138a8553428c9426948/1593459020672/CTW+Report+1.0.pdf
Sustainable Stuttgart 6 January 2021
Footprint Friday 25 November 2020
How do we fast track the purposeful business agenda? – by the Centre for Progressive Policy 16 December 2020
Letter from the editors 25 November 2020
The Story of CoGo 26 November 2020
The Power of Niche 25 November 2020
The Snapshot 6 26 November 2020
Upending Retail 25 November 2020
Business can do better for society. Sign up to join us on our mission to drive the transformation of global business into a force for good.
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Home directright announcements directright Diocese of Toledo to present Open Arms Awards June 3
Diocese of Toledo to present Open Arms Awards June 3
The 19th annual Open Arms Awards will be presented during the Diocese of Toledo’s celebration honoring persons with disabilities this Saturday, June 3.
Bishop Daniel E. Thomas will be the main celebrant for Mass at 4:30 p.m. at St. Jerome Church in Walbridge. The award presentation will take place after Communion.
The Open Arms Awards recognize Catholics with disabilities and their advocates who demonstrate Christian service in their parishes and communities.
This year’s Open Arms Award recipients include:
Mary Jo Bosch has been a parishioner at St. Jerome Parish in Walbridge since 1968. Two of Mary Jo’s nine children were born with disabilities: son David passed away at age 2 and daughter Christy passed away at age 34. The Bosch family always attended Sunday Mass together when the children were young, witnessing their faith to their fellow parishioners, as well as the community beyond the parish boundaries. Mary Jo extended her caregiving compassion to other families raising children with disabilities when she worked for the county’s early intervention program, helping to connect families with community resources.
Jan Hazen from Sacred Heart Parish in Fremont lives with chronic illnesses and has experienced significant loss throughout her life. Despite her losses, or maybe in thanksgiving for her blessings, Jan attends daily Mass. She served as the Province Director and President of the Toledo Diocesan Council of Catholic Women and remains active in her parish Altar Rosary Society. Jan also serves her parish as a lector and an extraordinary minister of Holy Communion. She coordinates funeral masses and luncheons, serves on her parish welcoming committee, coordinates the church cleaning teams and volunteers in the kitchen every summer for Vacation Bible School week.
Rosalia Pawliski from Most Blessed Sacrament Parish in Toledo is 92 years young and spends an hour in the Adoration Chapel every week. She is an Associate of the Ursuline Sisters, and worked as a nurse at the Ursuline Center for 14 years. After retirement, she volunteered to visit and care for residents of the Ursuline Care Center, to provide respite for their caregivers. Rosie served her parish as an extraordinary minister of Holy Communion, taking the Eucharist to residents in a long-term care facility; and volunteered in the parish office as a receptionist. In the community, Rosie volunteered to answer phones at a Senior Center for 20 years.
Jeff Rogge, from St. Richard Parish in Swanton, came into the Catholic Church in 2014. Jeff became a double amputee after a truck accident on the Ohio turnpike, just a few feet away from the parish grounds. Jeff has served his parish on the maintenance committee, working to renovate the benches in the parish prayer garden. He is married and has two children and six grandchildren. According to the St. Richard parishioners who nominated Jeff, “He is always helping others, whether parishioners, friends or family members.
Tim Tegge is a member of St. Aloysius Parish in Bowling Green. He is a gifted musician, playing the acoustic guitar and harmonica, composing and performing his own music for parish retreats and other special events. One of his songs, “Build It on Life,” was featured one year by the Foundation for Life. Although Tim has been legally blind since age 7, he has been known to ride a bicycle to St. Al’s for daily Mass, even in the winter. Tim has served as leader and co-leader for parish retreats, has co-chaired the Liturgy and Worship Implementation Team for the past seven years, served on the school development committee and is a member of the Knights of Columbus. He is currently development coordinator for the Sight Center of Northwest Ohio.
For more information, contact Marsha Rivas, coordinator of the Diocese of Toledo Office for Persons with Disabilities, at mrivas@toledodiocese.org or 419-214-4938.
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Michael Donald is an award-winning photographer and filmmaker. He shoots commissions for The Sunday Times, the Telegraph, the Observer and the Guardian, and his work has been published the world over. He has also had work exhibited in Berlin, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Paris, at the National Portrait Gallery in London and at the permanent Centenary Exhibition in Belfast's City Hall.
He has won numerous awards including a John Kobal Portrait Award in 2001, an International Photography Award in New York in 2003, a Photo Review Award in Philadelphia in 2005. and first prize at Prix de la Photographie in Paris in 2007.
His most recent project is Goal!: Intimate portraits and interviews with every living FIFA World Cup™ Final scorer. Michael spent six years tracking down the 34 living members of an exclusive club: the only people to have scored in a FIFA World CupT Final.
Beautifully illustrated and officially licensed by FIFA, Goal! is a unique football book that captures the essence of the ultimate sporting achievement. Find out more below...
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Indoctrination by Crossword
liberal indoctrination
Why a Biden Presidency Could Be Good for the Church
Eighth-graders in Wisconsin’s Union Grove school district were assigned to fill out a “Liberalism vs. Conservatism” crossword puzzle, and they learned some new and very questionable “facts.”
Students learned conservatism is “the political belief of preserving traditional moral values by restricting personal freedoms … ”
Conversely, they learned liberalism is “the political belief of equality and personal freedom for everyone, often changing the current system to increase government protection of civil liberties.”
See the photos here.
The crossword puzzle was part of a civics assignment that was forwarded to EAGnews by Tamara Varebrook, a local conservative activist whose eighth-grade daughter received the lesson at Union Grove Elementary School yesterday.
Varebrook said she posted the assignment on her Facebook page to share with other parents who might not be aware of the blatant political bias and effort at indoctrination, disguised as “civics.”
“The definitions of conservatism and liberalism make me sick,” Varebook told EAGnews. “I think it’s horribly distorted and it’s biased.”
Varebrook, who serves on her local Republican Party board and has appeared in commercials promoting conservative values, said she was particularly disturbed by the definition of conservatism as “restricting personal freedom.”
“It's insinuating conservatives don’t believe in people having civil liberties. That it’s only for old-fashioned fuddy-duddies,” Varebrook said. “That’s completely negative. It’s completely false.”
Last time we checked, it’s the big government progressives who are determined to restrict personal freedoms. You know, the bans on sugary drinks, fatty foods, snacks at school lunch time, salt intake, etc.
But apparently that’s not the case, according to Sunburst Visual Media, the puzzle’s producer, or the Union Grove school district.
Varebrook said she doesn’t believe her daughter’s teacher is the problem, but rather the curriculum she’s forced to teach.
“I don’t think her teacher is a radical indoctrinator, it’s the curriculum,” she said. “It’s not factual. Every piece of homework I’ve seen paints conservatism in a negative light.
“I can only imagine what high school is going to bring.”
On the back side of the crossword puzzle was a political survey students were required to fill out to identify their beliefs, something Varebrook believes is equally troubling.
“It’s about guns, it’s about freedoms, it just goes on and on,” Varebrook said.
Varebrook said her daughter is 13 years old, and likely has little interest in political philosophy.
“She didn’t pick up on (the bias), she was just happy to get it filled out,” Varebrook said.
Varebrook plans to email her daughter’s teacher about political bias in the assignment, but is skeptical of what good it will do.
“My guess is most students got this done in class and didn’t bring it home,” Varebrook said. “I put it on my Facebook and people were just shocked.
“I think if it’s shared, parents will question their kids to see what’s going on in the schools.”
We certainly hope they do.
DOJ: On second thought, there’s no proof rioters were intended to ‘capture and assassinate’ anyone
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Tag Archives: King James VI and I
#WPLongform, Advertisement, Cleanliness, England, English, Food for Thought, France, French, Post A Day 2014, This is Life, tvaraj, United Kingdom
To Bathe, or Not to Bathe: Part 5 – Did the Kings and Queens of the Early Renaissance Period Bathe?
December 5, 2014 tvaraj 6 Comments
. .By T.V. Antony Raj .
The term “Renaissance” is derived from French term “re-naissance” for “re-birth”, and from the Italian term “rinascere” meaning “to be reborn.” The Renaissance period spanned roughly from the 14th to the 17th century. It was the ‘Age of Discovery’. Historians say that this period was the bridge between the Middle Ages and Modern history.
The Renaissance began in Italy in the Late Middle Ages. Later it spread to the rest of Europe as paper became available along with the invention of metal movable types. However, the changes of the Renaissance were not uniformly experienced across Europe.
The Renaissance revolutionized many intellectual pursuits. It brought about a cultural, social and political upheaval. It is perhaps best known for its artistic developments. Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo and many other notable artists made their contributions during the Renaissance period.
On the cultural front, the Renaissance gave a new lease of life to Latin and the vernacular literatures. On the political front, it contributed to the development of the conventions of diplomacy.
According to historians, the Renaissance began in Florence, Italy, in the latter part of the 14th century due to various factors: the social and civic peculiarities of Florence at the time; its political structure; the patronage of the Medici family to the artists; the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy following the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, etc.
King Philippe VI of France
King Philippe VI of France.
Bubonic plague devastated Europe in the 14th century. In 1348, King Philippe VI of France asked the medical faculty of the University of Paris to investigate the origins of the Bubonic plague. According to the learned professors a disastrous conjunction of Saturn, Jupiter and Mars caused disease-infected vapours to rise out of the earth and water to poison the air. They declared that susceptible people who breathed in the noxious air became ill and died.
Before the medieval period, people susceptible to infection were the obese, the intemperate, and the over-passionate. Now, the professors said that anyone who comes in contact with water was susceptible to disease. Hot baths, they said, had a dangerous moistening, relaxing effect on the body, and opened the pores in the skin which would allow the plague to enter the body.
From this, we can infer that King Philippe VI of France must have had infrequent baths.
Queen Isabel I of Spain
Isabella the Catholic, Queen of Castile and León.
Queen Isabel I of Spain (April 22, 1451 – November 26, 1504), also known as Isabella the Catholic was the queen of Castile. She married King Ferdinand II of Aragon on October 19, 1469, and ruled both Castile and Aragon from 1479 with along with her husband.
In 1484, King John II of Portugal denied the request for aid sought by Christopher Columbus to cross the Atlantic. Two years later, Columbus was in Spain, asking for patronage from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. After at least two rejections, Columbus obtained royal support in January 1492. Although we cannot accept the story of Queen Isabella offering to pledge her jewels to help finance the expedition, Columbus secured a limited financial support from her.
Queen Isabella had once confessed that she had taken a bath only twice in her lifetime – when she was first-born and when she got married.
During the next two hundred years, whenever the plague threatened, the cry went out: “Bathhouses and bathing, I beg you to shun them or you will die.“
By the first half of the sixteenth century, it was common knowledge that French baths would be closed during eruptions of the plague.
Around 1531, Thomas Moulton was a Dominican friar, who called himself a doctor of divinity published a treatise in England titled “The myrrour or glasse of helth.” It was a manual purported to help avoid the Bubonic plague and to maintain good health. The book became one of the best-selling medical books of the Tudor period. In it, he says:
“use no baths or stoves; nor swet not too much, for all openeth the pores of a manne’s body and maketh the venomous ayre to enter and for to infecte the bloude.”
In the 16th century and thereafter, people believed this and similar statements that water carried diseases into the body through the pores in the skin. Most kings and queens, the members of the royal households, the aristocrats, and the commoners heeded to this advice and refrained from bathing.
In 1538, François I of France had the French bathhouses closed. In 1546, Henry VIII of England officially banned all public baths in Southwark. In 1566, the States-General of Orléans closed the French bawdy houses, which included any operating bathhouses.
Some monastic orders made bathing in hot air and steam part of their regimen, while others forbade bathing except at Christmas and Easter. In certain instances, instead of tearing down the Thermae of old, the Catholic clergy converted them into chapels and churches. Many marble tubs became baptismal fonts, bathing chairs became pulpits, and the pagan springs metamorphosed into holy water.
Members of the upper classes, the aristocrats, and the royalty cut down their full body bathing habits to just a few times per year. As directed by their physicians they struck a balance between the risk of contracting a disease by bathing and emanating body stench. To combat body odour, they changed their linen wear often. Even then, they still stunk. So, they doused themselves with heady perfumes, oils, and scented powders to mask the stench emanating from their bodies.
Sadly, the best medical advice of the period doomed many people. Dirtier the people were, more were they likely to harbour Pulex irritatu, the flea now believed to have carried the plague bacillus from rats to humans.
Henry IV of France
King Henry IV of France by Frans Pourbus the younger.
Henry IV (December 13, 1553 – May 14, 1610), also known by the epithet “Good King Henry,” was the first French monarch of the House of Bourbon.
In 1568, when Henry IV was a teenager, Ambroise Paré, the French royal barber-surgeon warned about water coming into contact with the human body. He declared:
“Steam-baths and bath-houses should be forbidden because when one emerges, the flesh and the whole disposition of the body are softened and the pores open, and as a result, pestiferous vapour can rapidly enter the body and cause sudden death, as has frequently been observed.”
Thereafter, people believed this and similar statements that water carried diseases into the body through the pores in the skin. Most kings and queens, the members of the royal households, the aristocrats and the commoners heeded to this advice and refrained from bathing.
Members of the upper classes, the aristocrats, and the royalty cut down their full body bathing habits to just a few times per year. They struck a balance between the risk of contracting a disease by bathing, and emanating body stench. To combat body odour, they changed their linen wear often. Even then, they still stunk. So, they doused themselves with heady perfumes, oils, and scented powders to mask the stench emanating from their bodies.
During the reign of Henry IV, bathing, and certainly in hot water, was considered a veritable health risk.
The king did not believe in bathing or using perfumes to mask his body stench. He usually wore soiled linen, and people had great difficulty in not closing their nostrils against the stink that emanated from his person. His body odour has been described as “stinking of sweat, stables, feet and garlic.”
He usually wore soiled linen, and people had great difficulty in not closing their nostrils against the stench that emanated from his person. His body odour has been described as “stinking of sweat, stables, feet and garlic.” He did not believe in bathing or using perfumes to mask his body stench.
One day when the King heard that the Duc de Sully had taken a bath, he turned to his own physician, André du Laurens, for advice. The physician told the king that the poor man would be vulnerable for days. So Henry IV sent a message to Sully informing him that he should not venture outside his residence, or he would endanger his health. Sully was told that the king would visit his home in Paris so that he would not come to any harm as a result of his recent bath.
The veritable womanizer, the ‘Good King’ Henry of Navarre had many mistresses outside wedlock such as: Charlotte de Beaune Semblançay, Marie Touchet, Diane d’Andoins, Gabrielle d’Estrées, Catherine Henriette de Balzac d’Entragues, to name a few.
Gabrielle d’Estrées
Once, he sent a billet-doux (sweet letter) to Gabrielle d’ Estrées, one of his many mistresses. The letter conveyed the following: “Do not wash yourself, my sweetheart, I’ll visit you in three weeks.”
King James VI and I
King James VI and I. Portrait by Daniel Mytens, 1621.
King James VI and I (June 19,1566 – March 27, 1625) was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots and a great-great-grandson of Henry VII, King of England and Lord of Ireland. James succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother Mary abdicated in his favour.
King James sponsored the translation of the Bible named after him: the Authorized King James Version.
Sir Anthony Weldon (1583–1648) was an English 17th-century courtier and politician, purported to have authored: “A Description of Scotland” and “The Court and Character of King James I.” However, this attribution has been challenged and so it is unclear whether Weldon was the author of either of these works.
The label “the wisest fool in Christendom,” is often attributed to Henry IV of France, but it was possibly coined by Weldon, to describe the paradoxical qualities of King James.
In “The Court and Character of King James I,” Weldon wrote:
“A very wise man was wont to say that he believed him the wisest fool in Christendom, meaning him wise in small things, but a fool in weighty affairs.”
It is said that the wisdom of King James did not include personal hygiene. The king wore the same clothes for months on end, even sleeping in them on occasion. He also wore the same hat seven days a week, until it fell apart. Moreover, King James refused to wash or bathe because he believed it was bad for his health.
King Louis XIII of France
King Louis XIII King of France and Navarre by Philippe de Champaigne.
Louis XIII (September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) was a monarch of the House of Bourbon.
According to meticulous notes kept by Jean Héroard, the French court physician, King Louis XIII of France born in 1601, was not given a bath until he was almost seven years of age.
He boasted, “I take after my father, I smell of armpits.”
Next → Part 6 – Did the Kings and Queens of the Renaissance Period Bathe?
← Previous: Part 4 – Bathing in Medieval Europe
To Bathe, or Not to Bathe: Part 1 – That Was the Question in Europe! (tvaraj.com)
To Bathe, or Not to Bathe: Part 2 – The Bubonic Plague (tvaraj.com)
To Bathe, or Not to Bathe: Part 3 – Don’t Bathe Water Is Your Enemy! (tvaraj.com)
To Bathe, or Not to Bathe: Part 4 – Bathing in Medieval Europe (tvaraj.com)
To Bathe, or Not to Bathe: Part 6 – Did the Kings and Queens of the Renaissance Period Bathe? (tvaraj.com)
Philip VI of France (en.wikipedia.org)
Isabella I of Castile (en.wikipedia.org)
Henry IV of France (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France
Gabrielle d’Estrées (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabrielle_d%27Estr%C3%A9es
James VI and I (en.wikipedia.org)
Louis XIII of France (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France
Public bathing (en.wikipedia.org)
The joy of dirt (economist.com)
The stench of medieval Europe still echoes today (english.pravda.ru)
Clean: An Unsanitised History of Washing By Katherine Ashenburg (books.google.co.in)
The Black Death of 1348 and 1349 (archive.org)
The Epidemics of The Middle Ages (archive.org)
Molecular Clues Hint at What Really Caused the Black Death (livescience.com)
Black Death (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death
Disgusting hygeine of medieval European royals (muslimvilla.smfforfree.com)
A Short History of Bathing before 1601: Washing, Baths, and Hygeine in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, with sidelights on other customs (gallowglass.org)
#WPLongformbagniosBathBathingCatholic ChurchCleanlinessEnglandEuropeFood for ThoughtFrançois I of FranceGabrielle d' EstréesHenry IV of FranceHenry of NavarreHenry VIII of EnglandKing James VI and ILouis XIII of FrancepostadaySir Anthony WeldonThis is lifeThomas MoultonTo Bathe or Not to Bathetvaraj
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COMPOTES FOR COMPUTERS, DATES FOR FOODSTUFFS
by Stamen Manolov
In the Communist period, Bulgarians often used real-life traits of their national character to poke fun at themselves.
One of these traits, the Bulgarian inimitable propensity to make a hash of things because someone, somewhere did not understand what was going on, and as a result suddenly hurdled themselves in blissful yet innocent astonishment, made the rounds in the sunset days of Communism when this country was supposed to start manufacturing... personal computers. The joke went on something like that: "It has transpired that the computers we were supposed to export to Japan turned out not to be computers but compotes. And we didn't export to Japan, but Japan sent them back to us."
The stern-faced general running the country under the coronavirus state of emergency managed to replay that old-time joke, almost literally.
At the beginning, the stern-faced general announced the Boyko Borisov government had pulled a barter deal with the United Arab Emirates to get 15 tons of PPE into Bulgaria in exchange for 32 tons of Bulgarian foodstuffs. The foodstuffs had been secured by a private company.
Everyone was astonished when it transpired that Bulgaria had only received about 3 tons of PPE. The rest of the payload consisted of... dates. Said dates were put in storage at the warehouses of the Bulgarian Red Cross.
The stern-faced general appeared on TV and said the government, which had previously hailed the deal as a major breakthrough, could not be held responsible because "private donors" could supply "anything." Why, then, would privately donated dates be stored at a government-run facility remained unanswered.
Economy Minister Emil Karanikolov of the extreme nationalist Ataka party announced dates as such were "delicious and nutritious."
The government is yet to decide what to do with the dates. Reputedly, the dates will be distributed to the "socially weak." Whether anyone noticed the direct reference to the notorious bons mots dating back to 18th century France is yet to be seen.
The overwhelming majority of Bulgarians wait in earnest for the sauerkraut, or kiselo zele, to ferment, or vtasa.
The tweeting machine is set in motion, slamming anyone the president for reasons that will probably remain a mystery forever considers a "hater" and a "loser."
Tsv. Tsv., as he is sometimes popularly referred to, is the head of the Euro-Atlantic Centre for Security, a thinktank set up by himself when he was forced to resign from GERB, in 2019. Tsvetanov and "thinktank" in the same sentence?
'VIRTUAL' ANIMALS SUCK EU FUNDS
According to him, there were anywhere between 100,000 and 120,000 "virtual animals" getting about 20 million leva per year, adding the grand total was a lot more as there was no reliable data about virtual cows and bees.
INSPECTING SITES, GIVING DIRECTIONS
Both Borisov and his North Korean counterpart, Kim Jong-un, like to be seen inspecting things.
STUPID C*NT FROM KARDZHALI
Boyko Borisov, Bulgaria's prime minister during the past 11 years, may have many faults, his critics say, but he is without a doubt a master of the Bulgarian language. Borisov's virtuoso use of the lingo plays on many levels.
COVID-19 JOKES MAKE ROUNDS IN BG
* Covid-19 is like a cuckold. Some people are. Others will be. Yet others never realise they have been. * Quarantine is a demo version of retirement. There is no money. And there is nothing to do. *
CORONA TIMES
In the age of the Internet, verbal jokes are no longer in fashion, however. Memes rule supreme.
NO 'ISLAMIC' ART HERE, WE ARE BULGARIAN!
This is not even a case of the Czech artist, David Cerny, who infuriated the Bulgarians so much with his Entropa installation in Brussels
LIKE OLD CHUMS
Trump commended his ally, Bulgaria, for spending as much as 3 percent of its GDP on defence (Germany should take an example of that, according to Trump) and for having recently concluded a deal to buy some US F-35 fighter jets (Bulgaria is actually about to
BULGARIAN VOTING FUN
The Central Elections Commission, the authority that sets the rules for elections and ensures they are being followed, imposed a fine on bTV, a major private television broadcaster, for airing a report on...
As the EU announced it was lifting its monitoring for the supremacy of law in Bulgaria, the newspapers went on with one of their favourite topics: crime. Here are a few examples.
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'The Irishman' is Martin Scorsese's best-reviewed film of all time
Joe Pesci, Robert De Niro and Al Pacino appear on screen together for the first time in Martin Scorsese drama 'The Irishman'.
Martin Scorsese’s new gangster epic The Irishman is officially the best reviewed film of the director’s illustrious career.
The three-and-a-half-hour tale, which will be released by Netflix, has been reviewed by 80 critics on aggregator Rotten Tomatoes and currently has a 100% record of positive notices.
This bests the 98% approval scores listed by the site for lauded classics Taxi Driver and The Last Waltz, as well as the 97% and 96% ratings for Mean Streets and Goodfellas respectively.
Read more: Scorsese doubles down on Marvel criticism
According to the Rotten Tomatoes review consensus, the film is “en epic gangster drama that earns its extended runtime”.
The Irishman reunites Scorsese with regular collaborators Robert De Niro and Joe Pesci for the first time since 1995’s Casino and sees the director working with Al Pacino for the first time.
De Niro portrays Frank Sheeran — a labour union official with links to organised crime and the subject of the 2004 biography I Heard You Paint Houses, which gave the film its original title.
Joe Pesci, Al Pacino, Martin Scorsese, Robert De Niro, and Harvy Keitel attend "The Irishman" at the New York Film Festival. (Photo by Jamie McCarthy/Getty Images for Film at Lincoln Center)
Pesci portrays high-ranking mafioso Russell Bufalino, while Pacino is Jimmy Hoffa — president of the Teamsters union.
The Irishman premiered at the New York Film Festival last month and subsequently had its UK premiere last week as the closing film of the BFI London Film Festival.
Read more: De Niro hopes for Trump impeachment
Netflix picked up rights for the movie after it was dropped by Paramount Pictures as a result of the ballooning budget, which was rapidly increasing due to the sophisticated visual effects required to de-age the three leading men.
As well as its critical praise, Scorsese’s film has been lauded on social media by fellow filmmakers, including Guillermo del Toro, Edgar Wright and Ava DuVernay.
The Irishman will arrive in UK cinemas on 8 November and will be available on Netflix from 27 November.
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Cathedral City to Build Amphitheater
Posted by Cindy Uken | Apr 3, 2018 | News
CATHEDRAL CITY – Construction is scheduled to start in June on a $2.8 million amphitheater in the heart of downtown adding another showpiece to the revitalized hub of activity.
The City Council from left to right: Mark Carnevale, Mayor Pro Tem Greg Pettis, Mayor Stan Henry, Shelley Kaplan and John Aguilar
“This will continue our efforts to make downtown an arts and entertainment district that is walkable and accessible to our residents and visitors,” said Mayor Pro Tem Greg Pettis. “The Council believes that the arts, especially live arts, are critical to any community. We couldn’t be more excited for this new addition.”
Construction on the 2,000-seat venue, which will feature theater-style seating, is expected to be complete in February 2019, Communications/Events Manager Christopher Parman told Uken Report.
Once completed, it will feature a walking trail and children’s play area.
“The amphitheater is one of our main anchors we are looking to have in our downtown entertainment district,” Mayor Stan Henry told Uken Report. “Our goal is to have the downtown be a live, vibrant area that our residents and visitors want to come to. We look forward to having all types of events in the amphitheater in the near future.”
Cathedral City has been actively rejuvenating its downtown district and commons area. A wealth of projects have already been completed, including new civic center complex and town square. This area includes city government offices, the police department, a cinema complex, a soon-to-open repertory theater, restaurants, a parking structure, and recreational amenities such as the Fountain of Life, and the Cathedral City Commons festival lawn, which provides grass areas for outdoor enjoyment and festival events.
To further enhance the downtown, the City has dedicated vacant land next to the Civic Center for the Commons Heritage Park Outdoor Amphitheater.
In a continuing effort to encourage public use of this civic space, the city applied for and received a $2.8 million California State Parks Land and Water Conservation Fund grant to create a new and interactive outdoor amphitheater space for cultural, entertainment and recreation events and activities, according to Parman. This grant must cover the cost to design and construct the theater and amenities, as well as all city costs for project and grant administration. There are no additional funds.
“It will be utilized for our city’s signature festivals such as the Balloon Festival, Taste of Jalisco, and LGBT Days,” Parman said. “It will also be available to be leased for third-party promotions. We also plan to have other events such as Movies in the Park, Shakespeare in the Park, Food Truck events, and general park uses.”
Currently, the Heritage Park subject site is comprised of a vacant lot at the corner of Cathedral Canyon Drive and Avenida Lalo Guerrero within the civic center complex and adjacent to the downtown parking structure. The total size of the lots is 2.51 acres.
Cathedral City Community Amphitheater: City of Cathedral City
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Dr. Phil Chavez
The Men’s Academy
Men’s Academy Press
RoMen
Home/RoMen
DAVID THE SHEPHERD-KING
Articles, RoMen
By admin|2021-01-02T00:30:12+00:00December 29th, 2020|Articles, RoMen|
Feast December 29 NO GREATER PATRIARCH lived than DAVID the shepherd-king. God speaks of him as “a man after his own heart” (1Sam 13:14). David epitomizes fullest the biblical masculine standard of a Lion and a Lamb. This prophetic man proved the greatest king of the chosen people, the key representation of the Savior, [...]
PIUS IX: “Hated and Slandered”
By admin|2020-04-27T04:49:41+00:00February 7th, 2020|Articles, RoMen|
After St. Peter, Apostle, Bl. PIUS IX (1792-1878) was the longest-reigning pope in the history of the Church: June 16, 1846 until his death & feast day Feb 7, 1878. A period of nearly 32 years. Reverence toward this longevity is given by countless individuals each day without their knowledge. In St. Peter’s Basilica (Vatican [...]
ALPHONSE RATISBONNE: MIRACULOUS REDIRECTION
By admin|2020-04-27T04:58:43+00:00January 20th, 2020|Articles, RoMen|
With familial ties to the Rothchild’s, ALPHONSE RATISBONNE advanced through a well-placed line of Jewish bankers in Strasbourg, France. After studying law in Paris, he worked for his uncle’s banking firm, and later became engaged to the eldest daughter. Ratisbonne was nominally a Jew and deeply impious. He snubbed religion of any kind and became [...]
Ralph Sherwin: 1st Martyr
By admin|2020-04-26T06:09:40+00:00December 1st, 2019|Articles, RoMen|
Ralph Sherwin is the first member of the Venerable English College in Rome to die for the Faith on December 1, 1581 (Feast Day). Nestled in the center of Rome lies a small seminary for English students, founded during the Catholic persecutions under Elizabeth I. Agreeing to study there meant a contract to return to [...]
Maximus: Gladiator or Saint?
By admin|2020-04-26T05:53:26+00:00November 22nd, 2019|Articles, RoMen|
MAXIMUS, MAXIMUS” was chanted in the Colosseum in a favored movie: Gladiator. The main character Maximus, depicted as an enslaved former Roman General is an amazing figure. On a visit to Rome, in the subterranean villa underneath the church of St. Cecelia (Feast Nov 22) in Trastevere we encountered the image of “St. Maximus” behind [...]
Paul of the Cross: Passionist
By admin|2020-04-26T06:19:39+00:00October 20th, 2019|Articles, RoMen|
St. Paul (1694–1775) was born near Turin, Italy, the 2nd of 16 children—6 of whom survived infancy. His parents imparted a strong religious upbringing. He taught catechism in the local churches before a deep religious conversion at the age of 19 through writings of St. Francis de Sales. After a brief stint as a soldier [...]
Francis of Assisi: Revolutionary
By admin|2020-04-26T05:57:01+00:00October 4th, 2019|Articles, RoMen|
The acclaimed Saint (Feast Oct 4) was given the baptismal name of Giovanni (John), but his father—away in France on business when he was born in 1181—added “Francesco” to manifest his love for France. Francesco was later known in Assisi as Poverello (Little Poor Man). Possessing reputation as one of the greatest spiritual influences in [...]
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Everything Apple didn’t update today, but should have
by Nate Swanner — in Apple
Credit: Anton Ivanov / Shutterstock
A new iPhone and iPad are nice, but what about all of the older hardware Apple hasn’t bothered with? For big parts of its lineup, Apple is in desperate need of an update.
At this point, the MacBook Pro is looking a bit dated. It still has the light-up Apple logo around back, and feels a bit chunky. Apple has showed us it can slim down and power up, so why hasn’t it done so the the MacBook Pro yet?
The easy assumption is that Apple is leaning hard into a ground-up rethinking of the Pro based on the MacBook. While a MacBook Pro can’t necessarily incorporate its hardware onto a single card as the MacBook did, Apple will use the slimmer keyboard, battery ensemble and 3D Touch trackpad in a new Macbook Pro at some point.
Unfortunately, the last real ‘refresh’ of the MBP came in 2013 when Apple gave us a 13-inch Retina MacBook Pro. Since, we’ve seen iterative updates, but nothing worthy of much praise.
We could see more done with the MBP later this year, but I’d much rather have it heading into WWDC.
The Mac Pro
Apple’s ‘trashcan’ Pro is feeling a bit long in the tooth, too. While I don’t think a redesign is necessary, I’d love to see it discussed with better options for CPU and GPUs.
Th design of the Pro is fine with me, even though it leans on peripherals more than many would like. For its time, the Pro was about as forward-thinking as we could have hoped for, but it’s definitely time to consider adding more to it.
I have an AirPort Time Capsule. I love it; it delivers fast Wi-Fi and the backups have saved me on more than one occasion.
Apple can do better, though.
Google’s OnHub showed us that the ‘tower’ form factor is fine, but I’d love an AirPort that had internal storage for use beyond Time Capsule. You can hook up external drives, but a unit with a built-in network drive would be great.
Apple’s router could also use new Wi-Fi technology. Again, mine does just fine, but support for new bands would be nice.
Thunderbolt display
After using the iMac in 4K for a time, I’m left wanting. With many of its devices able to shoot 4K video, it seems reasonable that we’d have a 4K (or 5K) Thunderbolt display.
But we don’t. The Thunderbolt is still $1,000, and still doesn’t have 4K capabilities. It’s been years since Apple touched it, too.
Ideally, I’d like a 4K Thunderbolt at around $750. Any more, and It’s worth considering an iMac instead. There are also other options for 4K at the same (or lower) price point, and I’d like to see Apple try to be competitive here.
If you’re going to ask for a better Thunderbolt display, a refreshed Mac Mini is also in order.
Never meant to be truly competitive with the Mac Pro, the Mini nonetheless serves as a nice alternative. For those that don’t want the all-in-one iMac, a more powerful Mac Mini and 4K (or 5K) Thunderbolt display would be a stellar alternative.
Apple could likely slim the hardware down, too, but that’s of little concern. I’d much rather see it revamped with new internals.
When will we get this stuff?
If Apple is serious about these products — and it seems they are — we’ll be getting much or all of it soon enough. Some of it will come as side-notes to larger rollouts (imagine it; an Apple executive on-stage discussing the new MacBook Pro, then subtly noting the Mac Pro was also being refreshed).
There’s reason to think Apple is purposefully letting some of this wither on the vine, too. Perhaps it’s no longer interested in producing displays, and we’ll never get the 4K Thunderbolt. Maybe the performance of an AirPort is solid enough to ignore it for a bit longer.
Much of it has to be redone at some point. I believe the MacBook is a glimpse into the future of the MacBook Pro, and it will slim down quite a bit. I’m not sure what’s taking so long, but I assume Apple and Intel are working on some groundbreaking stuff for the future of desktops, and will leave us wanting until they get there.
Hopefully we’re not waiting too long.
Read next: Apple releases Xcode 7.3 as Swift is updated to version 2.2 for developers
AppleGearTech
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The truth about Twitter
by Matthew Panzarino — in Twitter
Bashing Twitter has become easy.
It’s making fabulously unpopular moves by restricting what developers can do with its data and application programming interface. It’s pushing your favorite third-party clients out and replacing them with its own apps, which are unfortunately inferior in a lot of ways. And it’s communicating these changes in business-plan jargon, rather than speaking plainly.
Twitter is making what many of us feel to be mistakes with its beloved service. A service with a legacy of robust developer support and user-created community.
But Twitter is not evil. It is not out to get you and it is not making the recent changes it has made to its service out of spite. Twitter is trying to find a way to evolve the company from a single feature into a suite of products that it can use to make money.
Sometimes the truth of this can get buried under the dust clouds of controversy and outrage. Some of which I may have contributed to myself. I’m not saying that outrage is unwarranted. Twitter made its choices knowing full well what it would be bringing upon itself.
Still, it has to make hard choices.
Running Twitter isn’t cheap, and it will need to make real money sooner or later in order to continue doing so. It has chosen to make that money using advertising, and that’s what it’s attempting to facilitate. Sure, it could have gone several other directions in order to make money, but this is the choice that it has made, and it is now executing on that plan, and hard.
There has been internal strife at the highest levels about this direction, that much I know, and I’m also aware that there are engineers within the company that feel uncomfortable with how the policy changes have affected a once-robust development community.
But its bed has been made and it’s moving forward. There’s no sense crying over spilled milk.
And I’m not exactly sure that this will be a terrible thing for the service as a whole. Frankly, I’m unconvinced that the vast majority of the hundreds of millions of users of Twitter will ever be aware that there has been a change. Most people use the official apps, which aren’t very good at the moment (but there are very good engineers working a Twitter, so perhaps that will change). And most people will be happy with the media-rich future that the service has in store.
Expandable tweets with images and video — or other content — are more conducive to advertising, which is why Cards exist. But a more media-rich Twitter could be a cool thing too. Maybe not for those of us who love the raw feed of information, but for a lot of people.
Unfortunately, this environment, where Twitter needs to control the way that Tweets are displayed (and the way that advertising is displayed) is not friendly to developers, period.
I wish that Twitter had found a way to do both, to encourage Twitter developers to integrate Cards into their clients or to display advertising. But that’s not to be. Being honest about the fact that it’s not a friendly platform to many developers isn’t being harsh, it’s being honest.
There are a subset of companies using Twitter data to do interesting things that Twitter approves of, for them it’s fine. But most developers using the Twitter API need to carefully read the rules and evaluate whether what they’re building violates them, because Twitter is not kidding when it says it’s going to enforce them.
Why has so much been written about Twitter and its motivations? Because people love Twitter, including me. It’s a lifeline, a news service, a water cooler, a way to experience the second-by-second events of the day through a firehose of pure information.
It’s a lot of things to a lot of people and that’s why we’re so passionate about it. Twitter’s creators hit on a need that we didn’t know we had, for a real-time version of the web.
Now, it’s changing into something else, but there’s no way of knowing yet if that will be good or bad. It’s still in flux.
It’s possible that it could lose the facets of itself that make it important or special to you, which is why I still believe we need alternatives. But it’s also possible that it may not.
The truth about Twitter is that we care because we love it, and we don’t want to see it destroyed. Now, the only recourse is to move on to another service, or to hope that there are enough people at Twitter that feel the same.
Read next: The STEM Jobs Act goes down goes down 257-158 in the House
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The New Space Race
February 27, 2020 in Current Events by Joseph Elliott
According to the RIA news agency, the Russian Foreign Minister, Sergey Viktorovich Lavrov, made a statement on Monday saying the United States’ plans to deploy weapons in space would have a devastating effect on the current security balance in space. He also stated that Russia does not have plans to solve problems in space by using weapons. This statement comes shortly after the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) released an extensive report regarding military expansion in space and specifically regarding the “weaponization of space” by China and Russia. They specifically reported intelligence on the development of capabilities which include cyberspace threats, directed energy weapons, and threats to orbital space systems. Capabilities stemming from China and Russia’s development of laser weapons and ground-based anti-satellite missiles. Russia has been in the process of procuring a modified version of the Russian MiG-31, a supersonic near-space interceptor meant to intercept and destroy satellites.
The United States has also sent brazen signals to the international community of military mobilization in space. In January of 2020, the U.S. became the first nation to establish an independent space force, a new service branch of the U.S. armed forces. The Space Force is a designated umbrella branch within the Department of the Air Force. According to its official mission statement, the Force’s “responsibilities include, developing military space professionals, acquiring military space systems, maturing the military doctrine for space power, and organizing space forces to present to our Combatant Commands.” There is no denial that the U.S. is preparing its space program for military use, and if Russia and China are developing armed capabilities in space, the potential of armed conflict in outer space in the near future is highly feasible.
Statements from Russia and the United States both express concerns about space militarization from both sides. According to CNBC, Russian President, Vladimir Putin made a statement in December regarding Russian concerns of U.S. competitiveness in space: “for preserving strategic supremacy in this field the United States is accelerating creation of its space forces, which are already in the process of operative preparations.” These statements were related to prior statements Putin made in November, in which he was concerned about NATO’s attempts to militarize outer space. Putin has expressed his opposition to militarization in space but has also stated, “the march of events requires greater attention to strengthening the orbital group and the space rocket and missile industry in general.” These comments occurred after NATO added an additional operational domain for its military alliance, consisting of air, sea, land, cyber and now space. During a meeting of foreign ministers in late November, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg announced, “space is part of our daily life here on Earth. It can be used for peaceful purposes. But it can also be used aggressively,” and that, “making space an operational domain will help us ensure all aspects are taken into account to ensure the success of our missions.” In addition, she adds “NATO has no intention to put weapons in space. We are a defensive alliance.” Although NATO officials have clarified that their mobilization in space is for defense purposes only, from the perspective of America’s rival, it’s viewed as a military buildup in preparation for potential conflict.
According to the newly appointed commander of the Space Force, John Raymond, a pair of Russian spacecrafts had been allegedly shadowing American spy satellites hundreds of miles above the earth’s surface in January. Russia’s Foreign Ministry denied Washington’s claims and clarified that its satellites were “inspector” spacecrafts engaged in an experiment rather than as weapons threatening American satellites. But Russia’s flirtatious aggression in space combined with the current U.S. administration’s eagerness to militarize, could be the provocation of a new arms race. The primary deterrent preventing an arms race between the two nations is the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), a bilateral treaty signed in 1991 to limit the development and deployment of nuclear warheads. The last treaty was signed in 2009 and expires in 2021 but the treaty can be extended for another five years by mutual agreement. Last year, Vladimir Putin warned that nothing could prevent another arms race and the subsequent damage to international security if the treaty was not renewed. With the rapid military development in space, it isn’t unfathomable for either nation to eventually develop the capability to deploy nuclear weapons from space. Having any nation with nuclear capabilities in space is a threat to international security and therefore renewing the START treaty is essential in limiting an arms buildup and should be the primary diplomatic focus between Russia and the U.S. regarding policy concerning bilateral security.
Joseph Elliott
Intern-Correspondent at The Organization for World Peace
Latest posts by Joseph Elliott (see all)
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Situation Deteriorating In Central Mali As 40 Killed In A Series Of Attacks →
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Monday Night At The Apollo: 10th May 2021
concert • musical • feel-good • inspiring • music
£12.50/$15 per household; or part of the 3-Show Apollo Extended Access Bundle, available for £25/$30. A brand-new concert series taking place in front of a socially distanced audience at the Apollo Theatre on Shaftesbury Avenue. The concerts will take place at 7pm on Monday 12th April 2021, Monday 26th April 2021 and Monday 10th May 2021 and will also be livestreamed to audiences at home. An intimate evening of conversation and song hosted by Greg Barnett, Monday Night at the Apollo will see some of the West End’s best-known performers sing an eclectic mix of music from their favourite genres. Performers will share their most cherished memories and experiences from their careers, alongside performances of music which is personal to them, in a relaxed and informal theatrical celebration. Monday Night at the Apollo has been conceived of to support the theatre industry and ten percent of all ticket sales will be donated to Acting for Others, an organisation made up of 14 individual theatrical charities. This concert series is musically directed by George Dyer and produced by Greg Barnett and Hugh Summers for Wild Mountain Productions Ltd. This event will be available to stream at 7pm BST on May 10th 2021 and purchasers have on-demand access for 72 hours. The 3-Show Bundle will give you access to all three Monday Night at the Apollo events, premiering on 12th April, 26th April, and 10th May, available to watch until 24th May. To purchase, click 'Buy' above. (You may need to create an account.) On the day of the premiere, return to this page, click 'Access My Purchase', and log in using the same account information. Tickets must be purchased per household. Any sharing of account information is against our terms of use and may result in loss of income for the artists. Recording of the livestream is strictly prohibited. Any distribution of recorded material will be subject to copyright infringement.
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MYTH NO. 1: THE RELATIVE-AGE EFFECT
Jon Levey
It has been suggested that being born in a certain month influences an athlete's prospects for professional success. The theory is that older youth players in a given calendar year are bigger, stronger and more coordinated and thus play in better leagues with superior coaching. Except, as you age and move up the food chain, the effects balance out. Take hockey: On the 1998, 2006 and '10 Canadian Olympic hockey teams, 19 of the 23 players on the first and second rosters and 20 of the 23 on the third were born after the first quarter of the year. Among the 499 Canadians on NHL rosters in February 2010, 25.7% were born in the first quarter, 28.5% in the second, 25.5% in the third and 20.4% in the last. A 2007 study by Joseph Baker and Jane Logan at York University in Toronto found that among Canada-born NHL draftees from 2000 to '05, the younger players were chosen earlier in the draft. According to nhlnumbers.com, for the 2009--10 season, 72 of the top 150 salaries in the NHL belonged to Canadian players, roughly half of whom (35) were born in the second half of the year. Only 11 (15%) of the top Canadian earners were born in the first quarter. The numbers were similar among non-Canadians: More had birthdays in November and December (15) than January and February (12). Some research suggests that relatively young players are actually at an advantage. In a 2009 study of team handball players, scientists noticed a spike in older players in the early stages of competition, but the trend dissipated at higher levels. "It might be beneficial for relatively younger players to have the opportunity ... to develop the specific technical or tactical skills needed to ... compete successfully against their older, more mature opponents," the researchers wrote. Call it the Big Brother effect.
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Microsoft to acquire LinkedIn for $26.2 billion
Paul Sawers@psawers June 13, 2016 5:39 AM
At the Microsoft Build developer conference in San Francisco on March 31, 2016.
Image Credit: Jordan Novet/VentureBeat
Microsoft has announced that it will acquire LinkedIn in a transaction valued at $26.2 billion.
Once the deal is complete — which is expected to be sometime in 2016 — LinkedIn will continue as it currently is in terms of “brand, culture and independence,” the announcement noted. LinkedIn CEO Jeff Weiner will remain at the helm of the new Microsoft subsidiary and will report directly to Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella.
Founded out of California in 2002, LinkedIn today claims north of 400 million members globally and, with 105 million unique monthly visitors, has emerged as the de facto social network for professionals. The company went public on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 2011 and claimed around $3 billion in revenue last year. But there is only so much room for growth in LinkedIn’s world, which is why selling to a major technology company may make sense — monetizing social networks isn’t an easy job.
While LinkedIn has built a good, solid business from connecting professionals, many have complained that the service has become cluttered and unusable and has even lost its way. Being acquired by Microsoft may give LinkedIn the breathing space to regain its footing.
For Microsoft, the deal represents its biggest acquisition by quite some distance — its next-most-valuable acquisition came back in 2011 when it snapped up Skype for $8.5 billion. Microsoft also paid not much less than that for Nokia’s mobile phone business. So why would it pay more than three times its previous biggest acquisition amount for LinkedIn? According to Nadella, the company wants to create synergy between LinkedIn, Microsoft Office 365, and Microsoft Dynamics, its enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM) software suite.
“The LinkedIn team has grown a fantastic business centered on connecting the world’s professionals,” said Nadella, in a press release. “Together we can accelerate the growth of LinkedIn, as well as Microsoft Office 365 and Dynamics as we seek to empower every person and organization on the planet.”
How a world in which LinkedIn merges seamlessly into Office and Dynamics will look remains to be seen, but for $26.2 billion, Microsoft isn’t messing around here. In an email to employees, Nadella gave further hints as to the thinking behind the acquisition, noting that it “brings together the world’s leading professional cloud with the world’s leading professional network.” But he also discusses the broader economy of buying and selling things — looking for work, gaining new skills, marketing products, being productive, and generally succeeding in business — noting that this “requires a connected professional world.”
It requires a vibrant network that brings together a professional’s information in LinkedIn’s public network with the information in Office 365 and Dynamics. This combination will make it possible for new experiences such as a LinkedIn newsfeed that serves up articles based on the project you are working on and Office suggesting an expert to connect with via LinkedIn to help with a task you’re trying to complete. As these experiences get more intelligent and delightful, the LinkedIn and Office 365 engagement will grow. And in turn, new opportunities will be created for monetization through individual and organization subscriptions and targeted advertising.
In essence, we can reinvent ways to make professionals more productive while at the same time reinventing selling, marketing and talent management business processes. I can’t wait to see what our teams dream up when we can begin working together once the deal closes, which we expect will happen this calendar year.
It’s also worth noting here that this isn’t just about boosting Microsoft’s own services, the company clearly sees a great deal of value in LinkedIn as a product. Certainly, it’s a social network with a significant amount of interaction and activity.
“Our companies are the world’s leading professional cloud and network,” added Weiner in a separate statement. “This deal will allow us to keep growing, investing in and innovating on LinkedIn to drive value for our members and our customers. Our members will continue to develop their skills, find a job and be great at that job, using our platform. We will continue to help our customers hire top talent, market their brand, and sell to their customers.”
There are many ins and outs to this acquisition, but one notable facet of the terms mentioned in the SEC filing is worth focusing on. It says:
The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights for the Company and LinkedIn. Upon termination of the Merger Agreement under specified circumstances, LinkedIn will be required to pay the Company a termination fee of $725.0 million.
Though the board of directors at both companies have “unanimously approved” the all-cash deal, shareholders haven’t. There’s nothing to suggest that the acquisition will be voted down — after all, the deal doesn’t seem too bad for LinkedIn shareholders — but if they did reject it, LinkedIn would have to pay a termination fee of $725 million.
Whether this deal turns out to be a catastrophic failure or an astronomical success, it represents one of the biggest technology acquisitions in recent times. In fact, in terms of tech-only acquisitions, it’s second only to Dell’s $67 billion purchase of EMC last year.
Here’s Nadella and Weiner’s prerecorded video discussing the deal.
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Autonomous cars could drive auto insurance to extinction
Scott Mclaren, Fortega October 6, 2017 2:10 PM
In a 2015 interview, Elon Musk pointed out that recent advances in auto technology could lead to human-operated vehicles becoming illegal someday. While this may seem ludicrous to some, it could play out sooner than you think. By 2025 — just a few short years away — the auto industry’s autonomous segment is projected to reach a worth of $26 billion, according to insights from Bain & Company. Some estimates even project as many as 10 million self-driving cars will be on the road by 2020.
Musk’s prediction that human-controlled vehicles could be outlawed comes from not only an increase in autonomous options, but also for one simple reason: safety. It’s hard to imagine tech operation being safer than human operation, but vehicle safety statistics point to driver error as one of the top causes of auto accidents. In fact, more than 3,000 people were killed and 431,000 injured from distracted driving in 2014 alone, with contributing factors including cell phone usage, fatigue, aggressive driving, and running red lights. Although it’s far too early for statistical comparison, it’s fair to say that autonomous vehicles will face far fewer variables and will have greater predictability in certain driving situations.
Unfortunately, we haven’t quite maximized safety protocols on autonomous cars just yet. For example, Uber recently experienced some roadblocks when testing for autonomous vehicle risks, with a higher than expected human takeover rate required and patterns of hard decelerations and abrupt jerks still in play. However, once autonomous vehicles do receive a gold star for safety standards, it will have a massive impact on the automotive industry. And auto won’t be the only industry disrupted by autonomous vehicles. Law enforcement, retail, and hospitality will all experience a shift in how they do business — but none more so than the insurance industry.
Without driver error, will we need insurance at all?
In theory, removing human error from the roads means fewer accidents — which would also remove the need for private insurance that covers damage caused by drivers. In tandem, these two changes would lower accident liabilities and, theoretically, cause a huge drop in personal auto insurance premiums.
As it stands, auto insurers offer rates based on individual driving histories, and can even optimize each policy’s pricing via driver-approved telematics. As the insurance industry adapts to new technology saturating the market — turning drivers into mere passengers — the liability for accidents caused by autonomous vehicles could be handed off to the manufacturer, software designer, or even the government through the Department of Transportation. “At least the current thinking is that the manufacturers will be ultimately responsible for a lot of these future accidents when an automated vehicle is involved,” said Rick Gorvett of the Casualty Actuarial Society.
But the Insurance Information Institute’s Michael Barry doesn’t think these changes will wipe out owner responsibility in total. Barry pointed out that driver error isn’t the only danger to vehicles, and owners and insurance companies will still have to factor in off-road damages that may occur. “Cars can still get flooded, damaged, or stolen,” he said, “but this technology will have a dramatic impact on underwriting. A lot of traditional underwriting criteria will be upended.”
If something happens, who’s going to fix all this stuff?
This focus on off-road damages would logically lead to an increased emphasis on service contracts that cover exterior and technological maintenance. And with the advanced technology needed to make fully autonomous cars a reality, auto maintenance technicians will quickly become IT gurus, rather than just repair mechanics. So, those owners who take on at-home repairs may begin to think twice — tackling these jobs will require new and complicated diagnostic tools to identify and repair integrated technological failures.
While tech repairs will prove vital to the capability and safety of AI-backed vehicles, autonomous vehicles will also require an increase in general maintenance, like alignments and tire changes, in order to remain fully viable. Something as simple as a vehicle’s alignment being off could easily affect autonomous steering adjustment calculations, and ultimately create a safety hazard for passengers. This, in theory, could shift responsibility back to the driver.
These and many other scenarios will need to be considered when adjusting insurance policies for new technology.
“Obviously, it’s not going to be up to the property and casualty insurance industry to determine when driverless cars take to the road, how they operate, and what kinds of technology they use,” explained Michael Macauley, CEO of Quadrant Information Services. “It is, however, going to be up to insurance carriers to understand the situation and evaluate the risks posed by different operators — if that’s even the right word — in different cars on different roads and in different weather, using a variety of technologies.”
Scott McLaren is executive vice president and chief marketing officer at Fortegra Financial Corporation (a Tiptree Inc. company), a single-source insurance services provider that offers a range of consumer protection options including warranty solutions, credit insurance, and specialty underwriting programs.
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A global competition to create a more connected and collaborative Oxford has been launched today.
The Smart Oxford Playable City Commission is a new competition, challenging creatives from around the world to produce an idea that puts people and play at the heart of Oxford. Smart Oxford will work with Playable City to choose a project that will capture the imagination of those who live, visit and work in and around Oxford. Applicants from across the globe are invited to respond to the theme the ‘shared city’ by 20 June with the winner being awarded £30,000 to develop their idea. Artists, designers, architects, technologists and creative practitioners who can demonstrate a history of delivering high-quality, innovative practice are invited to propose distinctive ideas on the theme, using smart city technologies, that will make the city of Oxford more connected and collaborative. Judging the entries will be former deputy prime minister and chair of the Haymarket Group The Rt Hon. the Lord Heseltine CH, who will lead the panel. He will be joined by renowned designer and founding partner of Umbrellium Usman Haque. The complete judging panel will be announced with the shortlist in July. Sebastian Johnson, Vice-Chair of Smart Oxford and Principal Economic Development Officer at Oxford City Council, said: “We are partnering with Playable City during 2017 to deliver this flagship project to help people understand the opportunities and benefits that can be achieved through the combination of technology, data and communities. This is an innovation-led project that is open, inclusive, accessible and engaging. Our hope is that it will catch the imagination of all who live, visit and work in and around Oxford.” The commission in Oxford follows on from success in Bristol where Playable City launched in 2012. Hilary O'Shaughnessy, producer of Playable City, said: “We are delighted to share this brilliant new opportunity to partner with our first UK city outside of Bristol. Working across the globe from Texas to Tokyo, we have seen the power of creative technology and play to showcase the diversity of experience in cities in new ways. We are excited to see what will be commissioned for Oxford.” Llewellyn Morgan, Smart Oxford board member and Service Manager Infrastructure, Innovation and Development for Communities at Oxfordshire County Council, said: “This is an exciting time for Oxford and Oxfordshire with many major developments happening now and planned for the future. “Smart cities are the future and this competition highlights Oxford as being at the heart of a truly exciting time for technology, innovation and collaboration. “The city has rightly gained a reputation for culture, technology and achievement and this competition challenges entrants to come up with concepts that combine all three in ways that will enhance local areas and engage people in new and interactive ways with where they live and work.” Timetable Open for applications: 9 May 2017 Close of applications: 20 June 2017, 16.00 (BST) Shortlist published: July 2017 Successful Commission announced: August 2017 Production of Award: Autumn - Winter 2017 How to apply Please download the Applicant Overview for details on how to apply. http://wshd.to/smartoxfordplayablecity Judging The panel will comprise of industry judges at the forefront of art, society, and technology. It will be chaired by Lord Heseltine who will be joined by Usman Haque. The complete judging panel will be announced with the shortlist. What is the Smart Oxford Playable City Commission? The Smart Oxford Playable City Commission is a brand new commission produced by Watershed, challenging creatives from around the world to produce an idea that puts people and play at the heart of the city of Oxford. Smart Oxford will work with Playable City to choose a project that will catch the imagination of those who live, study, visit and work in and around Oxford. Playable City has worked in nine cities across five continents in recent years, but this is the first time the Playable City model has been used in the UK outside of the annual Award. About Smart Oxford Smart Oxford is the strategic programme of a wide range of city partners working together to develop and promote Oxford as a smart city. It represents a commitment by its partners to develop efficient and effective use of data and technology for the benefit of its citizens. The Smart Oxford project board helps initiate, orchestrate and support smart city activities and projects carried out by its partners in Oxford and Oxfordshire. The vision of Smart Oxford is of a city where innovative ideas, active citizens, and aligned stakeholders come together to co-create a better Oxford, one that is stronger, safer, and both economically and environmentally sustainable. http://oxfordsmartcity.uk About Playable City Playable City is a framework to think differently about the city, generating social dialogue by creating shared experiences through play. Visible, democratic, surprising, inclusive – it reuses the city infrastructure to create connections – person to person, person to city. By transforming city spaces into places of unexpected interaction the Playable City is a conversation starter towards the change we would like to see in our cities of the future. The Playable City international network reaches from the Tokyo to Recife, Brazil to Lagos, Nigeria. You can read more at http://www.playablecity.com. Watershed is the founder and producer of Playable City. About Watershed Watershed is a cultural venue and producer developing cultural engagement, imagination and talent. We are based in Bristol, but place no boundaries on our desire to connect with artists and audiences in the wider world. We curate ideas, spaces and talent to enable artistic visions and creative collaborations to flourish. We produce work that cuts across film, media, music, theatre, design, visual art, and the creative and technology sectors. http://www.watershed.co.uk For more information contact: Oxford City Council Press office 01865 252096 [email protected] For all things Smart Oxford visit: https://oxfordsmartcity.uk Twitter: @OxfordSmartCity For all things Playable City visit: https://www.playablecity.com Twitter: @PlayableCity Published: Tuesday, 9th May 2017 https://www.oxford.gov.uk/news/article/447/smart_oxford_playable_city_competition_launched
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What is the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of 1, 1, 17, and 12?
Are you on the hunt for the GCF of 1, 1, 17, and 12? Since you're on this page I'd guess so! In this quick guide, we'll walk you through how to calculate the greatest common factor for any numbers you need to check. Let's jump in!
First off, if you're in a rush, here's the answer to the question "what is the GCF of 1, 1, 17, and 12?":
GCF of 1, 1, 17, and 12 = 1
For 1, 1, 17, and 12 those factors look like this:
Factors for 17: 1 and 17
Factors for 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12
As you can see when you list out the factors of each number, 1 is the greatest number that 1, 1, 17, and 12 divides into.
Prime Factors for 17: 17
Prime Factors for 12: 2, 2, and 3
The final method for calculating the GCF of 1, 1, 17, and 12 is to use Euclid's algorithm. This is a more complicated way of calculating the greatest common factor and is really only used by GCD calculators.
<a href="https://visualfractions.com/calculator/greatest-common-factor/gcf-of-1-1-17-and-12/">Greatest Common Factor of 1, 1, 17, and 12</a>
"Greatest Common Factor of 1, 1, 17, and 12". VisualFractions.com. Accessed on January 17, 2021. https://visualfractions.com/calculator/greatest-common-factor/gcf-of-1-1-17-and-12/.
"Greatest Common Factor of 1, 1, 17, and 12". VisualFractions.com, https://visualfractions.com/calculator/greatest-common-factor/gcf-of-1-1-17-and-12/. Accessed 17 January, 2021.
Greatest Common Factor of 1, 1, 17, and 12. VisualFractions.com. Retrieved from https://visualfractions.com/calculator/greatest-common-factor/gcf-of-1-1-17-and-12/.
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Report Hungary
Orbán is the product of a fraught history
To understand the current Hungarian government’s withdrawal into nationalism and identity, one must look back into the history of the country, argues an expert in Hungarian literature: particularly into the fragility of its bourgeoisie and the frustrations born of military defeats.
Published on 5 January 2012 at 15:36
Bruno Ventavoli - La Stampa (Turin)
Viktor Orbán opens the exhibition "Heroes, Kings and Saints. The history of painting and Hungarian memory" at the Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest, January 2 2012.
About 100,000 demonstrators came out the other night around the Opera House, the government palaces and the most elegant avenues of Budapest to protest against the new constitution sought by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and voted through by the two-thirds parliamentary majority of his centre-right party.
They were more numerous than ever before, representing a society numbed by the economic crisis. But, like the Paul Street Boys [the famous 1906 novel by Ferenc Molnár] they were fighting a battle that was already lost. Under the gilt and chandeliers in the Opera House, the government celebrated the establishment of the new state, despite the disapproval of the international community.
Under the new Constitution, the Central Bank will henceforth no longer be independent of the government (odd idea in these financially turbulent times), as will the Constitutional Court and the media (many journalists have already been sacked under the new press law). The leaders of the current Socialist Party, meanwhile, can be prosecuted retroactively for "communist crimes" committed before 1989.
Added to this are a rash of laws on subjects ranging from the status of Hungarians living abroad to heterosexual marriage. Hungary has become a more authoritarian state, bucking the modern trend. This is a cause for concern for the European Union and Barack Obama’s United States, as well as the International Monetary Fund, which has suspended negotiations on a massive loan to support the battered forint.
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Viktor Orbán (born a liberal but soon infected by populism) and the far-right Jobbik party have revived a reactionary spirit that has taken the West aback. Readers of the novels of Sándor Márai (1900-1989) or Gyula Krúdy (1878-1933) will have some difficulty recognising the Hungary of today in the country those authors portrayed. It is precisely this hiatus, however, that allows us to understand the fascist rumblings of the new Hungary.
Market economy gave oxygen
Márai, like many other writers born in the first half of the last century, told stories, particularly in his masterpiece "Confessions of a Bourgeois", from the splendid and opulent world of the great city of Budapest in its imperialist and monarchist era. A brilliant intellectual life, tolerance and good manners were the hallmarks of this civilisation observed by Elias, whose love for his country was balanced by a natural and enlightened cosmopolitanism.
It could not have been otherwise for those who were born in houses lined with books, where three or four languages were commonly spoken at home. Everywhere, including Hungary, the bourgeoisie was the driving force of modern Europe. But there was a problem. Along the Danube, following centuries of wars and foreign domination, the bourgeoisie was born late. And despite the splendour of the Belle Epoque, it was extremely fragile.
At the time Márai was writing, this bourgeois world was already gone, buried under the rubble of the First World War. Terrorised by a brief and bloody Bolshevik revolution, then tranquillised by the fascism of Admiral Horthy (1920-1944), who loved the symbols and slogans of nationalism and feudalism, forty years of people’s democracy was a natural continuation of the euthanasia of the bourgeoisie.
Introduced overnight in 1989, the market economy gave oxygen to the middle classes. But that was not enough. The weak forint quickly disillusioned those who dreamed of well-being, of a rebirth, of Western-style prosperity, and so unleashed the fears and the pride in which Hungary, wedged between the West and the East, has lived for centuries.
Middle classes have been crushed
The values of democracy, pluralism, dialogue and diversity seem superfluous when from day to day it's a struggle to do the shopping and pay the bills. And so there arise temptations to turn inwards, to dream of a Greater Hungary, to add a touch of victimisation to the wounds of history – the wars against the Turks, the Soviet invasion, the Treaty of Trianon at the end of the First World War by which the Allies stripped Hungary of two-thirds of its territory.
In hard times, this old malaise makes Hungary tend to emphasise proudly its self-destructive otherness, which is confirmed by that sweet Ugric language no one else in Europe understands. Orbán’s challenge to the international community with his new Constitution – "No one can criticise what we do,” he said – was uttered in this spirit.
Reforms, modernity, the market – they can wait. Better to rely on vague myths of purity, the sacredness of the soil (which globalised foreigners can buy for a handful of forints), strong men in command.
Once again, the middle classes have been crushed, by the muddling of the state and by inflation. Once again, the temptation not to defeat political opponents but to wipe them out, to put them on trial and reduce them to silence, takes over. To keep the Hungarian cousins from once again straying from the European family, however, we must understand why they have fallen ill.
Barrage of often unfair criticism
“Everyone is attacking Orbán”, writes Warsaw-based conservative dailyRzeczpospolita, pointing out that the Hungarian government is criticised for “almost everything”, and often unfairly.
Left-wing media in Europe are competing with each other in dramatic depictions of the situation in Hungary, where - as they claim - fascism is emerging, democracy waning, and the government that proposes a patriotic agenda is gagging its opponents as it passes laws that violate norms accepted in Europe.
Rzeczpospolita notes that Orbán’s government has been wrongly accused of banning the main opposition party after it passed a law that decreed the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) to be “a criminal organisation.” In reality, this term was used to describe the party’s predecessor - the communist Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party (MSZMP), which ruled the country until 1989.
According to Kai-Olaf Lang, researcher at the Berlin based Foundation for Science and Policy [Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik],
it is not easy to make a balanced assessment [of Orbán’s government achievements]. On the one hand, it is trying to institute a series of economic reforms to improve the situation, such as introducing 16-percent flat-rate income tax. On the other hand, many of its moves are controversial.
Member StatesPolitics and democracyHungary
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College dating changes with advancements in technology
Leah Hoffpauir|March 27, 2015
Dating in college is something that can be approached in a variety of ways. Some students find themselves in serious relationships while others enjoy being single. There are even several different ways to meet a potential significant other in the 21st century, especially with the prevalence of technology and dating apps that can be downloaded for free.
Erin Sumner, assistant professor of human communication and theatre, teaches classes on interpersonal communication and specializes in research about the role of technology in relationships, such as text messaging, social media and online dating.
“The changing nature of dating, and what counts as dating in general, is something that’s getting a lot of attention right now,” Sumner said. “There’s some scholars who hold the perspective that dating is dead””that’s literally the terminology they use.”
Sumner does not necessarily agree with this view. She believes that people are still dating, just a little bit differently than they used to.
“You’re seeing more group dates where people arrange to hang out, but not in a one-on-one setting,” Sumner said.
The way romantic relationships are defined is also something Sumner believes has changed over time, and the concept of friends with benefits and hookups is becoming more socially accepted.
“In class, when I say the words “˜go steady,’ everyone just giggles, but why is that a ridiculous thing to say? That just means that two people are together in a committed relationship,” Sumner said. “A lot of people, particularly college-aged, are too afraid to have that conversation, so they’re together but haven’t labeled themselves, which provides a lot of ambiguity and they don’t really know what the situation is.”
Many students agree with Sumner’s observations about the dating culture at colleges.
“I think the reason why so many college students are in relationships without titles is because it’s easier to get out of,” said senior Jamie Banks. “I think a lot of the time, people are afraid to make relationships official in their younger college years and as they mature a little bit they realize they might want a more serious relationship.”
Long-distance relationships are very prevalent on a lot of college campuses in different forms. Some students pursue long-distance relationships during the school year while others are together most of the year and have to spend summer break apart.
Banks has been in a long-distance relationship for eight and a half months with her boyfriend who attends the University of Arizona.
“Although it’s not ideal, a long-distance relationship can be a great option if you like the person enough,” Banks said. “You also have a lot more time to spend on school, on your friends and on your extracurriculars.”
While online dating is becoming more popular for college students, the main demographic of online users is within the 30-50 age group.
“I feel like people at Trinity use Tinder more than any other form of online dating, but I don’t know anyone who’s met someone on Tinder for a serious relationship,” said senior Leia Unger.
Unger has been dating first year Miles Wehner for six and a half months, but they both understand why some people might choose to pursue romantic relationships outside of “the Trinity bubble.”
“I know in my four years here, all of my friends have complained about dating being really hard because Trinity is so small and you kind of just become friends with people,” Unger said. “It would be awkward to date them, or you know someone else who has dated them, so I just think Trinity being a small school is kind of difficult.”
Sumner agrees and believes that social networks play a large role in dating.
“If your relationship doesn’t have the support of your social network, whether it’s family or friends, then your social network might try to tear it apart,” Sumner said. “At Trinity, since everyone is in such a tight space and gets to know each other so well, any dating or breakups are going to play out within the entire Trinity community for anyone who knows the people involved.”
There are also a lot of college students who are just not interested in dating at all or who want to wait a while before they start engaging in serious relationships.
“A lot of what’s going on in college in particular is just a lot of uncertainty about who you are and what the nature of relationships is,” Sumner said. “People are dating for the first time as adults without their parents telling them when they can go out and who they can see, so there’s a lot more of figuring things out. Discovering new things about yourself also changes how you want to date others and who you might want to date.”
Student spotlight: Q&A with Black Student Union President Kirsten Iyare
Tips + tricks for staying sane during finals week
TUSSA provides community for secular students
A look at the first FYEs since COVID-19
Voter advocates try to increase youth vote
Spring at Trinity brings a new year and new housing fears
Education Students Learn to Teach Online
Cat Alliance provides care despite pandemic
Trinity gardeners reap this year’s harvest
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No Sophomore slump for “Us”
Austin Davidson|April 3, 2019
Photo credit: Andrea Nebhut
Illustration by Andrea Nebhut
By now, someone in your life has told you about a little movie called “Us,” directed by Jordan Peele and starring Lupita Nyong’o and Winston Duke. They might have used adjectives like “perfect” or “utterly perfect” or something mundane like “amazing.” I am here to tell you they couldn’t be more on the mark.
I was lucky enough to see it on its first Friday, and when I was standing in line, waiting to buy my coveted Sour Patch Kids, I wondered if the movie would be something of a sequel to “Get Out” or maybe a continuation of the themes that it grappled with. While doing either of those things wouldn’t have been necessarily a bad thing, I think it would have been the “easy” thing for Peele to do.
Making a gem like “Get Out” as your first film is an incredible thing to do; few directors start out with such a booming success of a film. Not only did it break box office records for money made by a horror film but it also won Peele his first Oscar, for Best Original Screenplay. Following up something like that can be a daunting task, few directors ever have, and using the themes Peele had already dealt with or using some of its tropes would have been a safer, solid choice. But with “Us,” I think Peele outdid himself and showed that he was willing to push past comfort to overcome the dreaded sophomore slump (looking at you, Orson Welles).
“Us” follows a family as they have a no good, very bad summer weekend from hell. Things go from creepy to murder-y to outright insanity with a deftness that for me didn’t shock me out of enjoying the film, but instead kept me even more intrigued. From the soundtrack to the shot selection, Peele creates a haunting and tense mood that sticks throughout the film. While like “Get Out,” “Us” included some well-crafted humor that Peele keeps from his years as a comedian. The humor was mostly delivered by Winston Duke who, after this film, will definitely be even more on-the-radar for other big-name directors.
Yet undoubtedly, the shining star of the film is Lupita Nyong’o, who commands complete attention and power in each scene she’s in. From her monologues to her battle scenes to her playing the two most intriguing characters in the film, she again shows that she is one of the most talented and versatile stars in the business.
In one scene particular, she delivers some of the most important lines of the film; they’re laced with this wonderful dancer imagery, and all the while she keeps that calculating mask of a face that her second character in the film, Red, has the entire time.
The film also balances the star power it has, making sure newcomers Shahadi Wright Joseph and Evan Alex, who play the son and daughter of Nyong’o and Duke. I never felt one character was overused or one was underdeveloped; they all had their time to show the audience why they should fear for each character’s life.
What is possibly the most incredible part of the film is that, much like “Get Out,” through all the violence, suspense and terror rests a powerful social critique. Yet, I think another layer to why the film is incredible is that it isn’t just one social critique; it could be many. For me, I believe it was directed critique at the wealth gap in the world and how so many live below others, in more ways than one. Whether this takeaway from the film is wrong, right or spot-on doesn’t matter. The film can be many things, or it can just be an exciting thriller — that’s left up to the audience to decide.
I love when a film has a palpable level of ambiguity to its meaning. Rather than spoon-feeding the audience what the film is exactly about, it gives the audience the ability to decide for themselves.
“Us” was proof that the sophomore slump can be beat and enunciated the point that Jordan Peele is one of the best directors in Hollywood right now. “Us,” for me, is a perfect film and I really couldn’t recommend it enough. If you disagree with me, I would love to discuss why you should see it again because I think a second viewing will show you there is more in the tunnels than meets the eye.
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From Freedom Summer to Black August
Dan Berger,
San Quentin State Prison at dusk. (Photo: Stephen Worrell)
This year marks the fiftieth anniversary of Freedom Summer, when thousands of mostly white college students from around the country traveled to Mississippi to contest segregation at its most violent source. Commemorations of the momentous civil rights campaign appropriately highlight the black political participation that has grown as a result of those heroic voter registration efforts and seems symbolically reflected in the two-time election of the nation’s first black president.
There is another anniversary of black protest this year that has received less attention. Thirty-five years ago California prisoners founded Black August, a holiday to pay tribute to African-American history in the context of an ever-expanding carceral state. In a kind of secular activist Ramadan, Black August participants refused food and water before sundown, did not use the prison canteen, eschewed drugs and boastful behavior, boycotted radio and television, and engaged in rigorous physical exercise and political study. Through Black August, prisoners sought to demonstrate the personal power they maintained despite incarceration.
Black August celebrations have always been somewhat subterranean, and all the more so in recent years when some prison officials have used reprisals such as long-term solitary confinement to punish those who organize for better conditions. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that prisoners in several states, including California, Pennsylvania, and Georgia—all states that have witnessed prisoner strikes in recent years—continue to honor at least some aspects of the holiday.
Whereas this summer has seen many celebrations of Freedom Summer’s influence on expanding black communities’ access to the institutions of U.S. democracy, Black August marks a less pleasant but no less dramatic reality of American politics. It points to the racialized exclusions that continue to haunt the American experience—especially in the form of the expansive prison industrial complex that makes the United States the world’s leader in incarceration. In remembering histories of black activism from the space of prison cells, Black August points to the ongoing failure to realize the promises of freedom and democracy that drove the civil rights activists of the 1960s.
A Prison-Made Holiday
Black August began in California’s San Quentin in August 1979. The men who founded the holiday wished to commemorate the rich, tragic history of prison protest over the past decade as well as the number of historically significant events in the black freedom struggle that have taken place in the month of August. “We figured that the people we wanted to remember wouldn’t be remembered during black history month, so we started Black August,” cofounder Shuuja Graham told me.
For the founders, the month of August was also significant for tragic reasons. In 1971 imprisoned intellectual and Black Panther George Jackson was killed in a bloody uprising. His seventeen-year-old brother, Jonathan, had been killed the previous August attempting to free three prisoners from a Marin County courthouse. Both events caused an already tense prison system to crack down on prisoner access to media and to the public. Their subversive study groups became more clandestine, as violence among prisoners and between prisoners and guards increased in frequency. And those who wished to press for social change from inside the prison faced steeper obstacles to participating in political organizations.
Then on August 1, 1978, Jeffrey Khatari Gaulden was killed during a game of touch football in the San Quentin prison yard. Someone pushed him too hard, and he hit his head as he fell to the ground. As the other prisoners clamored for medical attention, guards cleared the yard one person at a time, searching each person individually. By the time the prisoners were cleared, Gaulden had bled out. The thirty-two-year-old had been imprisoned since 1967, and was inspired by the likes of George Jackson to become a militant activist. He makes few appearances in the records of California’s prison movement before his death, though he was well known among Bay Area prison activists and well respected among other men of color in the California prison system. He was convicted in May 1972 for killing a civilian laundry worker at Folsom the previous September, allegedly in retaliation for Jackson’s death. The incident occurred just after Gaulden was released from solitary confinement, and he was returned there after his conviction.
To his compatriots, Gaulden’s death signaled the decline of what had once been a vibrant movement for prisoner rights. Black August was a way for them to honor him and other activists. As the holiday continued, adherents identified a variety of other significant events that had occurred in August. There were slave rebellions, from the beginning of the Haitian Revolution (August 21, 1791) to those attempted by Gabriel Prosser (originally scheduled for August 30, 1800), launched by Nat Turner (beginning August 21, 1831), and called for by Henry Highland Garnett (August 22, 1843). There were deaths (W.E.B. Du Bois, August 27, 1963) and births (Marcus Garvey, August 17, 1887; Garvey’s organization, the Universal Negro Improvement Association, formed in August 1914). And there were protests, from the UNIA’s month-long international convention of 25,000 people at Madison Square Garden in August 1920 to the 1963 March on Washington, from the Watts rebellion of 1965 to the 1978 standoff between police and the black naturalist organization MOVE in Philadelphia.
Black August was not the first protest of its kind. Prisoners in New York had organized “Black Solidarity Day” earlier in the 1970s in protest of racism in prison. But for a variety of reasons, Black August is the one that took hold. The early celebrations inside the prisons were matched with small protests at the gates of San Quentin. And social networks of activist organizations carried Black August from prison to prison in Illinois and New York, Georgia and North Carolina, and places in between. But by the early 1980s, few people were paying attention to the worsening conditions inside prisons.
More recently, the history of Black August has been taken up in hip hop circles and other groups in New York City and the San Francisco Bay Area. In Oakland, the Black August Organizing Committee has held movie showings, organized summer programs for youth, and advocated for political prisoners. Other organizations, including the Eastside Arts Alliance and the Freedom Archives, have organized events showcasing the history of Black August in relation to contemporary racial justice organizing. The New York–based Black August Hip Hop Project organized annual events between 1998 and 2010, including “international delegations of artists and activists to Cuba, South Africa, Tanzania, Brazil, and Venezuela.” Black August concerts have included artists such as The Roots, Mos Def (now Yasiin Bey), and Erykah Badu, among many others. Black August has bled into the culture of a new generation. While it is difficult to track exact numbers, especially in California, where marking the history of George Jackson and Black August still finds prisoners facing disciplinary sanction, some dissident prisoners continue to honor the tradition alongside its extension into the world of hip hop. Black August, a celebration of black diasporic radicalism, has itself gone diasporic.
Unbloodied by History
In the 1960s, Mississippi wore its white supremacy on its sleeve. The Sunflower State took pride in its stark racial order, and the signs were everywhere to be seen, detailing which water fountains, restaurants, and restrooms were for “whites” and which ones for “coloreds.” These signs were not just visual: they could be heard in the bellowing pronouncements of the state’s segregationist officials and felt in the police truncheons and putrid cells of the notorious Parchman Prison.
By 1964 the visibility and vitriol of Mississippi’s apartheid had reached the national stage, and the state seemed to epitomize the backwardness of Jim Crow. With Freedom Summer, the Southern civil rights campaign reached its crescendo: the noble pursuit of basic human rights in the face of storybook villains who boasted of their cruelty was laid bare for all to see. That summer, and the landmark civil rights legislation it inspired, nurtured a definition of racism that revolved around dramatic spectacles of open violence in defense of an unjust and archaic system.
California, in contrast, not only looked peaceful but actively presented itself as far removed from racism and unpleasantness of all kinds. True, the 1965 Watts rebellion—which left thirty-four dead and hundreds of millions of dollars in damage—challenged that idyllic image. So did a series of ballot initiatives that kept in place housing and employment segregation. But as activists discovered across the country, often in the wake of uprisings and riots, attempts to defeat racism in the North and West were routinely stymied by the complex institutional factors upholding police brutality, residential segregation, employment discrimination, and educational inequity. Too many officials believed their cities and states to be exempt from the kind of evil so obviously perpetrated in the South.
California perfected this kind of racial innocence. “One difference between the West and the South, I came to realize in 1970, was this: in the South they remained convinced that they had bloodied their land with history,” essayist Joan Didion wrote in her memoir. “In California we did not believe that history could bloody the land, or even touch it.” That difference between Mississippi and California, the difference between an acknowledged bloody history and its disavowal, found expression in California’s prison policies. It is part of why Black August emerged there rather than in Mississippi or elsewhere.
After the Second World War, California had pioneered a liberal form of prison management called bibliotherapy. It was a philosophy that believed expanded literacy among incarcerated people would prove rehabilitative. Instead, it proved radicalizing, and the state prisons churned out people who were hyper-literate and militantly opposed to the racism they experienced in prison and in their home communities of Los Angeles and Oakland. Men such as Huey P. Newton, Eldridge Cleaver, and Alprentice Bunchy Carter left prison and built the Black Panther Party; others, such as George Jackson and Khatari Gaulden, contributed to this black radical upsurge without ever leaving prison.
In response, state officials abandoned bibliotherapy. They placed new restrictions on the number of visitors and the types of publications people in prison could receive. They expanded solitary confinement units. By the early 1980s, they launched the biggest prison construction project in world history. As geographer Ruth Wilson Gilmore writes, California’s “prisoner population grew nearly 500 percent between 1982 and 2000, even though the crime rate peaked in 1980 and declined, unevenly but decisively, thereafter.” The state built twenty-three prisons, “thirteen community corrections facilities, five prison camps, and five mother-prisoner centers” between 1984 and 2007. California was early to experiment with the “three strikes” system and mandatory minimum sentences that contributed to the massive spike in the number of prisoners since the 1970s. After the Second World War, the state was seen as a leader in rehabilitative “corrections”; after consolidating the shift toward retribution that began in the 1970s, it has since the 1980s been a leader in punitive policing and imprisonment.
California has always fancied itself a place of reinvention. At the dawn of mass incarceration, the creators of Black August saw that racism itself was being reinvented or at least being updated through the criminal justice system. Black August commemorated histories of black radicalism and practiced ascetic personal discipline to call attention to the many ways that history continued to bloody the land—now in the form of prisons and ghettoes. Racism was not bad people nurturing ancient prejudice; it was solitary confinement and unfunded schools. A state that thought itself unbloodied by history littered the land with prisons, giving us the greatest human rights crisis now facing our country.
Remembering Freedom
Memory matters. What we remember, what we commemorate, says something about the kind of society we imagine ourselves to be living in. Of course, memory is selective; selecting certain details, people, events is always at the expense of other stories we might tell. As several commentators have noted, the Manichean story of nonviolent resistance to Southern segregation overlooks the prevalence of armed self-defense among black Southerners and others, traditions that later inspired the Black Panther Party to pick up arms. The “I have a dream” speech recycled every second Monday in January freezes Martin Luther King, Jr. in time, while his many passionate declarations for economic justice and an end to U.S. militarism are overlooked. The list goes on and on, every memorial a well-intentioned act of forgetting.
The stories now being told about Freedom Summer righteously celebrate the bravery of the thousands of civil rights workers who brought down Jim Crow segregation. Their contributions to bringing democracy to the United States deserve our highest praise and deepest reflection. But such commemorations should not lull us into the false sense that their mission has been completed. A popular civil rights slogan during the summer of 1964 demanded “Freedom Now.” With some attention to Black August and its surrounding histories of prisoner organizing, especially in light of such high-profile police murders of unarmed black men, this summer’s commemorations might point out how much work is left to do before we can say that the United States has let freedom ring.
Dissent is a quarterly, left-liberal magazine of politics and culture.
Dan Berger
Dan Berger is an associate professor of comparative ethnic studies at the University of Washington Bothell. He is the author of Captive Nation: Black Prison Organizing in the Civil Rights Era and Rethinking the American Prison Movement, among other books. Follow him on Twitter: @dnbrgr.
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Labor, Consumer Agency Fights Aren’t Over: Now Republicans Try to Defund Them
Dave Johnson,
Campaign for America's Future
Republicans were blocking National Labor Relations Board and Consumer Financial Protection Bureau nominees to keep these agencies from doing their jobs under the law, in exchange for a cut of the take. Obama made recess appointments to get them up and operating. Now Republicans are trying to defund the agencies.
NLRB and CFPB Protect Public And Legitimate Businesses
The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) are two essential agencies of our government for protecting the interests of the middle class and their smaller businesses (99%) from assaults by the wealthy and powerful and their giant corporate fronts (1%). But these agencies were being hampered in their efforts to do their jobs under the law, with Republicans using the filibuster to block confirmation of nominees. The NLRB is not allowed to issue rulings without a quorum of Board members, and the new CFPB was not able to get completely up and running without a confirmed director. So President Obama made recess appointments to get these agencies up to their legally-mandated levels.
Scams, Schemes and Swindles
Keep in mind what these agencies do for We, the People.
The CFPB protects the public from scams, frauds, cons, schemes, tricks and other swindles that shady, smarmy boiler-room and other bogus operators come up with, to fool people out of their money. Without a government watchdog these outfits can run a good con, generating plenty of cash to pay off politicians to keep the CFPB watchdog off their backs.
The NLRB protects working people and legitimate businesses from abusive, rulebreakers who game the employment system to exploit American workers, to gain advantage over honest businesses that want to play by the rules. When a shady business can lower their operating costs by exploiting working people, legitimate businesses that want to play by the rules and do right by others are put in a competitive bind. So these shady businesses use some of the take to pay off politicians to keep the NLRB sheriff off their backs.
Paid-Off Politicians Block Enforcement
Now that the President has gotten these agencies up and running, protecting people and legitimate businesses from these shady operators, the scammers are paying off politicians to try to shut these agencies back down.
Republicans are responding by attempting to block funding to keep these agencies operating. They are doing so in exchange for a cut of the profits this generates for companies that operate in ways these agencies are supposed to regulate. The Hill has the story: GOP looks to limit CFPB, NLRB powers in reaction to ‘recess’ appointments,
Rep. Jeff Landry (La.) and 20 other House Republicans introduced legislation this week that would limit the authority of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to operate as long as they are headed by appointees who were recess-appointed while the Senate was not in recess.
Don't let the Republicans get away with this. The NLRB and CFPB protect We, the People, the 99%, from exploitation by the wealthy and powerful 1%.
Dave Johnson (Redwood City, California) is a fellow at Campaign for America’s Future, writing about US manufacturing, trade, and economic and industrial policy. He is also a senior fellow with Renew California.
Dave has more than 20 years of technology industry experience, including positions as CEO and VP of marketing. His earlier career included technical positions, including video game design at Atari and Imagic. And he was a pioneer in design and development of productivity and educational applications of personal computers. More recently he helped cofound a company developing desktop systems to validate carbon trading in the US.
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Uncoordinated Coordination: Six Reasons Limits on Super PACs Are Barely Limits at All
Marian Wang,
Ask any campaign-finance expert about Super PACs and you’ll likely keep hearing one word: “coordination.” That’s because Super PACs — the super-powered groups that can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money from anyone — have just one crucial restriction on their powers: By law, they’re not supposed to coordinate with candidates.
Think that sounds clear? Think again.
“The restrictions on interactions between candidates and Super PACs are far more modest than the public believes,” said Paul Ryan, a lawyer with Campaign Legal Center, a campaign-finance advocacy group.
So long as candidates and Super PACs don’t discuss the particulars of their election spending — such as exactly where or how long their election ads will run — they’re free to discuss strategy and candidates can even help fundraise. One result: A presidential candidate can ask supporters — even his own father — to give to a Super PAC without it being “coordinated.” Or a group could plan to produce a “fully coordinated” ad with a candidate that it argues is uncoordinated.
“Coordination limits are essentially a joke if you want to avoid them,” said Michael Franz, an associate professor of government at Bowdoin College.
At least one professional joke-teller agrees: Comedian Stephen Colbert recently seized on the issue, ridiculing how some groups seem to be cutting it laughably close with the law.
Fundamentally, coordination rules are no laughing matter. Just ask the Supreme Court, which ruled in Citizens United [5] that as long as money is spent independently of candidates — that is, without coordination — corporate and union donations are legal because they “do not give rise to corruption.” With that important restriction, corporations and unions were given free rein to spend as much as they want on elections.
The problem, says Ryan, is that the current coordination rules are so limited the Supreme Court was “either being disingenuous or naïve.”
We’ve pulled together a list to explain what the fuss is all about — six examples of what common sense might suggest is coordination, while the rules suggest otherwise:
1) The rise of candidate-specific super PACs
While Super PACs began forming in the lead up to the 2010 midterm elections, the big fad so far this year has been the formation of Super PACs dedicated to specific candidates.
Obama, Romney, Perry, Cain, Huntsman, Bachmann — all the major candidates have at least one supporting them now. The groups are often set up by former aides, former campaign managers or close confidantes familiar with both the candidate’s messaging and talking points.
According to Democracy 21, a campaign-finance reform group, these close ties to the candidates make candidate-specific Super PACs illegal, offering a “false veneer of ‘independence.’” But so far, the Federal Election Commission — the agency that enforces campaign finance law and regulation — hasn’t issued a single rule that specifically pertains to Super PACs, let alone these candidate-specific groups.
2) Cooperative fundraising, uncoordinated spending
Of course, some candidates now have more than one candidate-specific group — and they may trust certain groups with their messaging more than others. So what’s a candidate to do? Endorse one and help fundraise, of course.
In guidance handed down by the FEC in July, the commission allowed candidates to help fundraise for the supposedly independent groups, on the premise that it was, after all, only coordinated spending that was banned.
The FEC did place a few restrictions: Candidates still can’t solicit unlimited donations or corporate donations to the Super PACs, but they can ask for contributions within the traditional $5,000 contribution limits that apply to direct donations. Whether that limit is meaningful is up for debate — donors can still give as much as they want.
Democrats — namely, Sen. Harry Reid and Rep. Nancy Pelosi — promptly embraced the ruling by raising money for a Democratic-leaning Super PAC.
Meanwhile, GOP presidential candidate Mitt Romney has given his blessing to one of the Super PACs specifically set up to support him. He’s even spoken at the independent group’s fundraising events.
3) Uncoordinated father and son
Former Utah Gov. Jon Huntsman may be low in the polls, but at least he’s got a pro-Huntsman super PAC on his side — and a billionaire father, Jon Huntsman Sr., who’s already provided funding for the Super PAC, Our Destiny.
According to the New York Times, the younger Huntsman’s aides and supporters “have placed increasing hope that Mr. Huntsman’s father would shovel enough money into Our Destiny” to sustain the ad campaign launched by the group last week — a sticky situation, seeing as the elder Huntsman, founder of Huntsman Chemicals, “has been unwilling to do so without being asked.”
If Huntsman the candidate does ask, he should watch his wording: “Dad, will you support me by giving this Super PAC $5,000?” — followed by a wink, a nudge, and a follow-up conversation with a super PAC staffer — might be just enough non-coordination to get the millions that the Super PAC needs without raising hackles at the FEC.
And if that’s the case, it may only be Huntsman Jr.’s pride that gets in the way: The Times reports that he’s been reluctant to ask.
4) An uncoordinated marriage
This may not come as news to some people, but marriages can also be uncoordinated! Just ask Janie Waltz, treasurer of a super PAC called Heartland Empowered Action Fund. Waltz — the only official listed for the super PAC — registered with the FEC at the very end of 2010, not long after her husband, John Waltz, lost a Congressional bid.
But now John Waltz, a Democrat and veteran from Michigan, is a candidate yet again. He announced in August that he’s challenging Rep. Fred Upton, a Michigan Republican, for his seat in the House. His wife is still heading up the Super PAC. So far, the PAC doesn’t seem to have paid for much beyond upkeep for the group itself — fundraising expenses, office supplies, and payroll — and no one has raised a formal objection to the uncoordinated spousal setup.
Update: Responding to our request for comment, Janie Waltz said that her group has not spent funds in the district where her husband is running for Congress, and that she is “in the process of winding down operations” in order to join him on the campaign trail.
5) ‘Fully coordinated’ uncoordinated ads
Last month, Democratic Sen. Ben Nelson of Nebraska appeared in a political ad. No, not an ad by his own campaign, but a supposedly uncoordinated ad paid for by Democratic Party officials.
The ad prompted American Crossroads, a Republican-leaning Super PAC set up by Karl Rove, to ask the FEC for permission to do the same — to create advertisements that “would be fully coordinated” [PDF] with candidates “insofar as each Member would be consulted on the advertisement script and would then appear in the advertisement.”
How can “fully coordinated” ads not run afoul of the limits on coordination?
The FEC has a two-part coordination test that’s as detailed as it is permissive: The first part is whether groups and candidates have conducted themselves in a way that’s coordinated, such as discussing the particulars of an ad buy. The second part is a more complicated test that looks at the timing to an election and the content of the ad, such as whether it essentially advocates for or against a candidate.
In its request, American Crossroads announced its intent to fully coordinate its ad with a candidate, but argued that the ad it intends to produce could also be interpreted as an issue ad that happens to improve the public image of a candidate for office, but not an ad that advocates for the candidate’s election.
The request was spoofed by Stephen Colbert in a must-read comment letter to the FEC. The issue has yet to be decided by the commission.
6) No need for coordination anyway
Whether or not its their intent, groups and candidates have increasingly sidestepped even the loose restrictions in a rather obvious way. Many groups have simply published the specifics of their spending on their websites or through news reports. A few examples, emphasis ours:
On the pro-Huntsman group’s latest ad buy, as reported in The Hill:
According to Our Destiny spokesman Brian Nick, the ad will start airing statewidein New Hampshire Tuesday morning. “The ad is a substantial buy that will run statewide in New Hampshire on broadcast and cable,” according to Nick.
On a pro-Perry group’s ad blitz in Iowa, reported by CNN:
Ads will begin airing in Iowa on Wednesday on broadcast networks in Cedar Rapids, Des Moines and Omaha, as well as on cable stations in eight cities. The ad buy in Iowa costs $202,000.
On ads launched by a pro-Obama super PAC in July, as reported in the News & Observer:
The Democratic group, called Priorities USA Action, began running a commercial in five key battle ground states – Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Virginia as well as North Carolina. The group said it plans to run the ad for two weeks.
What this means is that even the logistics that candidates are barred from coordinating behind closed doors are — in a practical sense — entirely possible to coordinate out in the open.
“This is a way to communicate information without running afoul of coordination rules,” said Ryan. “The rules are largely rendered meaningless by the way campaigns are now run.”
Marian Wang
Marian Wang is a reporter for ProPublica, covering education and college debt. She has been with ProPublica since 2010, first blogging about a variety of accountability issues.
FEC Data Show Big Jump in Spending by Super PACs and Outside Groups
As we reported earlier this week, the Federal Election Commission, which regulates the flow of political cash, has been plagued by persistent gridlock on some key areas of…
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