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United States Of America, The
The United States of America was an American experimental rock and psychedelic band whose works are an example of early electronic music in rock and roll.
Formed in 1967 by Joseph Byrd, the band membership consisted of Joseph Byrd (electronic music, electric harpsichord, organ, calliope, piano, and Durrett Electronic Music Synthesizer); Dorothy Moskowitz (lead vocals); Gordon Marron (electric violin, ring modulator); Rand Forbes (an early adopter of the fretless electric bass), and Craig Woodson (drums and percussion). Ed Bogas also performed on the record with occasional organ, piano, and calliope; he became a full member of the band on its first and only tour.
Their self-titled record was recorded in December 1967, produced by David Rubinson for Columbia Records, and released in 1968. It was rereleased on CD by Sundazed Records in 2004 with various alternate takes, demos, and outtakes.
Their sound blended a range of musical genres, including avant-garde, psychedelic, and progressive. One of the more notable points of the band was that it had no guitar player, which for its time was quite radical, as the electric guitar occupied a central position in rock music of the time. Instead, they used strings, keyboards and electronics, including primitive synthesizers, and various audio processors, including the ring modulator.
The record was released in early 1968, at a time when there was a receptive audience for “underground music” which combined musical experimentalism with radical social and/or political lyrics – other examples, in their very different ways, including the Velvet Underground (who shared a common background in the New York experimental music scene; according to Moskowitz, Nico at one point tried to join the USA), Frank Zappa (whom Byrd considered a niche-marketer “subsumed in a self-referential loop”), Love’s Forever Changes, Country Joe and the Fish, and Jefferson Airplane.
Whether intended or not, the record took the form of a coherent “song cycle”, a radical commentary on contemporary American society. The words ranged from satires on decadence (“The American Metaphysical Circus”, “..Wooden Wife..”, (this title being a parody of the old music hall song, “I Wouldn’t Leave My Little Wooden Hut for You” by Tom Mellor and Charles Collins) to lyrical expressions of longing (the pastoral “Cloud Song”, the political “Love Song For The Dead Che”). Musically, the songs ranged from pseudo-classical elegance (“Stranded In Time”, “Where Is Yesterday”) to aggressive discordance and hard rock (“The Garden of Earthly Delights”, “Hard Coming Love”), with heavy electronic distortion and collages of “found” music such as brass bands, Byrd being heavily influenced by Charles Ives. The final suite “The American Way of Love” integrates most of these elements, with a dreamlike ending containing a collage of earlier tracks.
Despite the widespread support of music critics, the album sold poorly and soon disappeared – at least in the USA, although in the UK it remained fondly remembered, in part because of one track (“Wooden Wife”) being used on a popular CBS sampler album.
The band’s tour in support of the record led to difficulties of its own. Members of the band were arrested for drug possession, and they had a number of serious equipment failures – these and other tensions made Byrd increasingly difficult to work with, and the group largely unmanageable, and resulted in the band splitting up.
Joseph Byrd went on to form Joe Byrd and the Field Hippies, who released an LP, The American Metaphysical Circus, in 1969. Byrd also released a number of additional recordings under his own name, as well as scoring a number of films, writing music for television, and working as a music producer. He is married, lives in northern California near the Oregon border, and teaches music-related classes at College of the Redwoods.
Dorothy Moskowitz(-Falarski) later worked with Country Joe McDonald’s All-Star Band, married, has two daughters, and lives in a suburb of Oakland, California. She writes for and teaches music to children in her local school system, and has developed a number of other music projects in the San Francisco Bay area.
Gordon Marron became a Los Angeles studio musician and now lives in Hawaii.
Craig Woodson teaches percussion in the Cleveland, Ohio area and has toured with the Kronos Quartet. He has also developed the educational World Drumming project used in American schools nationwide.
Ed Bogas composed soundtracks for Peanuts and Garfield TV cartoon specials and for Ralph Bakshi’s film Fritz the Cat.
Rand Forbes has worked as an Oracle DBA, owned a software development company, and continues to play classical bass in Southern California. Rand currently lives in the Cleveland, Ohio area, close to Craig Woodson. ~ Wikipedia
From 1968 album The United States of America
Cloud Song
The American Metaphysical Circus
Hard Coming Love
I Won’t Leave My Wooden Wife for You, Sugar
Love Song for the Dead Ché
Stranded in Time
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IndonesiaVietnamUnited StatesIndiaBrazilPakistanCambodiaUnited KingdomChinaGermanySingaporeUkraineRussiaMalaysiaTurkeyCanadaPhilippinesNetherlandsFranceJapanSouth KoreaAustraliaBangladeshIranSpainNigeriaHong KongFinlandThailandCzechiaItalyEgyptKenyaTaiwanSouth AfricaPolandMoroccoSwitzerlandRomaniaMexicoSerbiaIraqTunisiaCote d'IvoirePortugalIrelandSwedenAustriaSaudi ArabiaUnited Arab EmiratesEcuadorAlgeriaEthiopiaBelgiumBulgariaGreeceColombiaHungaryNew ZealandSudanAlbaniaNorwayPeruChileArgentinaBeninSri LankaLithuaniaKazakhstanBurkina FasoSlovakiaIcelandLaosCroatiaCameroonSenegalPuerto RicoBoliviaTanzaniaIsraelBelarusDenmarkCyprusLuxembourgGhanaBotswanaMaltaOmanMauritiusNepalCubaCosta RicaEstoniaBruneiIsle of ManBahrainNorth MacedoniaSloveniaArmeniaVenezuelaMacauRwandaAngolaSierra LeoneDemocratic Republic of the CongoGeorgiaBelizeReunionAntigua and BarbudaMongoliaMoldovaHaitiTimor-LesteTajikistanMozambiqueJordanYemenLatviaAfghanistanLebanonUnited States Minor Outlying IslandsUzbekistanTogo
Cambodia Population: 16,449,519
Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863, and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975, after a seven-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off 20 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a cease-fire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders were tried for crimes against humanity by a hybrid UN-Cambodian tribunal supported by international assistance. In 2018, the tribunal heard its final cases, but it remains in operation to hear appeals. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. In October 2004, King Norodom SIHANOUK abdicated the throne and his son, Prince Norodom SIHAMONI, was selected to succeed him. Local (Commune Council) elections were held in Cambodia in 2012, with little of the violence that preceded prior elections. National elections in July 2013 were disputed, with the opposition - the Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) - boycotting the National Assembly. The political impasse was ended nearly a year later, with the CNRP agreeing to enter parliament in exchange for commitments by the ruling Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) to electoral and legislative reforms. The CNRP made further gains in local commune elections in June 2017, accelerating sitting Prime Minister Hun SEN’s efforts to marginalize the CNRP before national elections in 2018. Hun Sen arrested CNRP President Kem SOKHA in September 2017. The Supreme Court dissolved the CNRP in November 2017 and banned its leaders from participating in politics for at least five years. The CNRP’s seats in the National Assembly were redistributed to smaller, less influential opposition parties, while all of the CNRP’s 5,007 seats in the commune councils throughout the country were reallocated to the CPP. With the CNRP banned, the CPP swept the 2018 national elections, winning all 125 National Assembly seats and effectively turning the country into a one-party state.
A land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap (Southeast Asia's largest freshwater lake)
Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Geographic coordinates: 13 00 N, 105 00 E
Area: total: 181,035 sq km
land: 176,515 sq km
water: 4,520 sq km
Size comparison: one and a half times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Land Boundaries: total: 2,530 km border countries (3): Laos 555 km, Thailand 817 km, Vietnam 1158 km
Coastline: 443 km
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm
Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Terrain: mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Natural resources: oil and gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential, arable land
permanent crops: 0.9% (2011 est.) permanent pasture: 8.5% (2011 est.) forest: 56.5% (2011 est.)
Irrigated land: 3,540 sq km (2012)
Natural hazards: monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Current Environment Issues: illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing; coastal ecosystems choked by sediment washed loose from deforested areas inland
International Environment Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Nationality: noun: Cambodian(s)
adjective: Cambodian
Ethnic groups: Khmer 97.6%, Cham 1.2%, Chinese 0.1%, Vietnamese 0.1%, other 0.9% (2013 est.)
Languages: Khmer (official) 96.3%, other 3.7% (2008 est.)
Religions: Buddhist (official) 97.9%, Muslim 1.1%, Christian 0.5%, other 0.6% (2013 est.)
potential support ratio: 15.6 (2015 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 23.4% of total population (2018)
Major urban areas - population: 1.952 million PHNOM PENH (capital) (2018)
65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female
Mother's mean age at first birth: 22.9 years (2014 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 25-29
Maternal mortality rate: 161 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 56.3% (2014)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.5% (2017 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 67,000 (2017 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 1,300 (2017 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 3.9% (2016)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 24.1% (2014)
female: 75% (2015 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 1.1% male: 1% female: 1.2% (2016 est.)
Country name: conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia
conventional short form: Cambodia
local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic transliteration)
local short form: Kampuchea
former: Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia
etymology: the English name Cambodia is an anglicization of the French Cambodge, which is the French transliteration of the native name Kampuchea
Capital: name: Phnom Penh
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: Phnom Penh translates as "Penh's Hill" in Khmer; the city takes its name from the present Wat Phnom (Hill Temple), the tallest religious structure in the city, whose establishment, according to legend, was inspired in the 14th century by a pious nun, Daun PENH
Administrative divisions: 24 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 1 municipality (krong, singular and plural) provinces: Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kampot, Kandal, Kep, Koh Kong, Kratie, Mondolkiri, Oddar Meanchey, Pailin, Preah Sihanouk, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Pursat, Ratanakiri, Siem Reap, Stung Treng, Svay Rieng, Takeo, Tbong Khmum; municipalities: Phnom Penh (Phnum Penh)
Independence: 9 November 1953 (from France)
National holiday: Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
Constitution: history: previous 1947; latest promulgated 21 September 1993 amendments: proposed by the monarch, by the prime minister, or by the president of the National Assembly if supported by one-fourth of the Assembly membership; passage requires two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the multiparty democratic form of government and the monarchy cannot be amended; amended 1999, 2008, 2014, 2018 (2019)
Legal system: civil law system (influenced by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia) customary law, Communist legal theory, and common law
Executive branch: chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985); Permanent Deputy Prime Minister MEN SAM AN (since 25 September 2008); Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992), TEA BANH, Gen., HOR NAMHONG, (since 16 July 2004), BIN CHHIN (since 5 September 2007), YIM CHHAI LY (since 24 September 2008), KE KIMYAN (since 12 March 2009), AUN PORNMONIROTH (since 24 September 2012), Prak SOKONN, CHEA SOPHARA (since 5 April 2016)
cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch elections/appointments: monarch chosen by the 9-member Royal Council of the Throne from among all eligible males of royal descent; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the monarch
Legislative branch: description: bicameral Parliament of Cambodia consists of: Senate (62 seats; 58 indirectly elected by parliamentarians and commune councils, 2 indirectly elected by the National Assembly, and 2 appointed by the monarch; members serve 6-year terms) National Assembly (125 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held on 25 February 2018 (next to be held in 2024); National Assembly - last held on 29 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 96%, FUNCINPEC 2.4%, KNUP 1.6%; seats by party - CPP 58; composition - men 53, women 9, percent of women 14.5% National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 76.9%, FUNCINPEC 5.9%, LDP 4.9%, Khmer Will Party 3.4%, other 8.9%; seats by party - CPP 125; composition - men 100, women 25, percent of women 20%; note - total Parliament of Cambodia percent of women 18.2%
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Council (organized into 5- and 9-judge panels and includes a court chief and deputy chief); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); note - in 1997, the Cambodian Government requested UN assistance in establishing trials to prosecute former Khmer Rouge senior leaders for crimes against humanity committed during the 1975-1979 Khmer Rouge regime; the Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts of Cambodia (also called the Khmer Rouge Tribunal) was established in 2006 and began hearings for the first case in 2009; court proceedings remain ongoing in 2019 judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Council judge candidates recommended by the Supreme Council of Magistracy, a 17-member body chaired by the monarch and includes other high-level judicial officers; judges of both courts appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges appointed for 9-year terms with one-third of the court renewed every 3 years
subordinate courts: Appellate Court; provincial and municipal courts; Military Court
Political parties and leaders: Cambodia National Rescue Party or CNRP [KHEM SOKHA] (dissolved by the Cambodian Supreme Court in November 2017; formed from a 2012 merger of the Sam Rangsi Party or SRP and the former Human Rights Party or HRP [KHEM SOKHA, also spelled KEM SOKHA]) Cambodian Nationality Party or CNP [SENG SOKHENG] Cambodian People's Party or CPP [HUN SEN] Khmer Economic Development Party or KEDP [HUON REACH CHAMROEUN] Khmer National Unity Party or KNUP [NHEK BUN CHHAY] Khmer Will Party [KONG MONIKA] League for Democracy Party or LDP [KHEM Veasna] National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]
International organization participation: ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MINUSMA, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
National symbol(s): Angkor Wat temple, kouprey (wild ox);
national colors: red, blue
National anthem: name: "Nokoreach" (Royal Kingdom)
lyrics/music: CHUON NAT/F. PERRUCHOT and J. JEKYLL
note: adopted 1941, restored 1993; the anthem, based on a Cambodian folk tune, was restored after the defeat of the Communist regime
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador CHUM SOUNRY (since 17 September 2018)
chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Michael NEWBILL (since 29 November 2018)
embassy: #1, Street 96, Sangkat Wat Phnom, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh
mailing address: Unit 8166, Box P, APO AP 96546
telephone: [855] (23) 728-000
FAX: [855] (23) 728-600
Cambodia has experienced strong economic growth over the last decade; GDP grew at an average annual rate of over 8% between 2000 and 2010 and about 7% since 2011. The tourism, garment, construction and real estate, and agriculture sectors accounted for the bulk of growth. Around 700,000 people, the majority of whom are women, are employed in the garment and footwear sector. An additional 500,000 Cambodians are employed in the tourism sector, and a further 200,000 people in construction. Tourism has continued to grow rapidly with foreign arrivals exceeding 2 million per year in 2007 and reaching 5.6 million visitors in 2017. Mining also is attracting some investor interest and the government has touted opportunities for mining bauxite, gold, iron and gems. Still, Cambodia remains one of the poorest countries in Asia and long-term economic development remains a daunting challenge, inhibited by corruption, limited human resources, high income inequality, and poor job prospects. According to the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the percentage of the population living in poverty decreased to 13.5% in 2016. More than 50% of the population is less than 25 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the impoverished countryside, which also lacks basic infrastructure. The World Bank in 2016 formally reclassified Cambodia as a lower middle-income country as a result of continued rapid economic growth over the past several years. Cambodia’s graduation from a low-income country will reduce its eligibility for foreign assistance and will challenge the government to seek new sources of financing. The Cambodian Government has been working with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs; more than 20% of the government budget will come from donor assistance in 2018. A major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. Textile exports, which accounted for 68% of total exports in 2017, have driven much of Cambodia’s growth over the past several years. The textile sector relies on exports to the United States and European Union, and Cambodia’s dependence on its comparative advantage in textile production is a key vulnerability for the economy, especially because Cambodia has continued to run a current account deficit above 9% of GDP since 2014.
GDP (purchasing power parity): $64.21 billion (2017 est.) $60.09 billion (2016 est.) $56.18 billion (2015 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 6.9% (2017 est.) 7% (2016 est.) 7% (2015 est.)
Gross national saving: 13.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 14.3% of GDP (2016 est.) 13.4% of GDP (2015 est.) GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 76% (2017 est.) government consumption: 5.4% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 21.8% (2017 est.) investment in inventories: 1.2% (2017 est.) exports of goods and services: 68.6% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -73% (2017 est.) GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 25.3% (2017 est.) industry: 32.8% (2017 est.) services: 41.9% (2017 est.)
Agriculture - products: rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, cassava (manioc, tapioca), silk
Industries: tourism, garments, construction, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Industrial production growth rate: 10.6% (2017 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 48.7%
Unemployment rate: 0.3% (2017 est.) 0.2% (2016 est.) note: high underemployment, according to official statistics
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 28% (2013 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 37.9 (2008 est.) 41.9 (2004 est.)
expenditures: 4.354 billion (2017 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.9% (2017 est.) 3% (2016 est.)
Exports: $11.42 billion (2017 est.) $10.07 billion (2016 est.)
Exports - commodities: clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear
Exports - partners: US 21.5%, UK 9%, Germany 8.6%, Japan 7.6%, China 6.9%, Canada 6.7%, Spain 4.7%, Belgium 4.5% (2017)
Imports - commodities: petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products
Imports - partners: China 34.1%, Singapore 12.8%, Thailand 12.4%, Vietnam 10.1% (2017)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $12.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $9.122 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt - external: $11.87 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $10.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $29.17 billion (2014 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares: n/a
Exchange rates: riels (KHR) per US dollar - 4,055 (2017 est.) 4,058.7 (2016 est.) 4,058.7 (2015 est.) 4,067.8 (2014 est.) 4,037.5 (2013 est.)
Electricity - production: 5.21 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 5.857 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - imports: 1.583 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants: 63% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Electricity - from other renewable sources: 2% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Crude oil - imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - consumption: 45,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Telephone system: general assessment: adequate fixed-line and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile-cellular phone systems are widely used in urban areas to bypass deficiencies in the fixed-line network; mobile-phone coverage is rapidly spreading in rural areas; about 50% of Cambodians own at least one smart phone; in 2018 the MPTC began a free Wi-Fi service for visitors and residents of Phnom Penh, in selected parks around the city customers can access free Wi-Fi services (2018)
domestic: fixed-line connections stand at about 1 per 100 persons and declining; mobile-cellular usage, aided by competition among service providers, has increased to about 115 per 100 persons; in 2021 Cambodia hopes to launch it first communications satellite into orbit; fixed broadband penetration is predicted to reach over 2% by 2023 (2018)
international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Broadcast media: mixture of state-owned, joint public-private, and privately owned broadcast media; 27 TV broadcast stations with most operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station broadcasting from multiple locations, 11 stations either jointly operated or privately owned with some broadcasting from several locations; multi-channel cable and satellite systems are available (2019); 84 radio broadcast stations - 1 state-owned broadcaster with multiple stations and a large mixture of public and private broadcasters; one international broadcaster is available (2019) as well as one Chinese joint venture television station with the Ministry of Interior; several television and radio operators broadcast online only (often via Facebook) (2019)
Internet country code: .kh
Airports (paved runways): total 6
note: under restoration
Roadways: total 47,263 km
(2013) paved: 12,239 km (2013)
unpaved: 35,024 km (2013)
Waterways: 3,700 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2012)
by type: container ship 2, general cargo 260, oil tanker 25, other 77 (2018)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Sihanoukville (Kampong Saom)
river port(s): Phnom Penh (Mekong)
Military branches: Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: High Command Headquarters, Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force; the Royal Cambodian Gendarmerie is the military police force responsible for internal security; the National Counter Terrorism Committee; the National Committee for Maritime Security performs Coast Guard functions and has representation from military and civilian agencies (2019)
Military service age and obligation: 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2012)
Disputes - International: Cambodia is concerned about Laos' extensive upstream dam construction; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary; in 2011 Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear Temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by an International Court of Justice decision in 1962 and part of a UN World Heritage site; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; progress on a joint development area with Vietnam is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands
Illicit drugs: narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; limited methamphetamine production; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders
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SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT FOURAH BAY COLLEGE STRIKEN BY ITS NEMESIS
Fourah Bay College is one of the Constituent colleges of the University of Sierra Leone and the first institution of its kind in the Sub-Sahara Africa. Since its inception in 1827, Fourah Bay College
has been the proudest offspring of Sierra Leone. It earned her great respect and honour across West Africa and the wider world for its academic prowess. This reputation put Sierra Leone at the apogee of
academic success and admiration in Sub-Sahara Africa. Freetown was likened to Athens, the capital of Greece. Famously referred to as the ’Athens of West Africa’, a title it has earned for eternity. Though many people no longer believe so. But the reality is that, Athens (Greece) was the first place in Europe to secure modern education, so also was Fourah Bay College in West Africa. Today, Athens (Greek) Universities are hardly found among Europe’s 100 best Universities, so also is Fourah Bay College to Africa. A sad reality though! Today, FBC is no longer competing with its foreign counterparts, but rather clinging to its grasp in a bid to maintain its reputation with its local counterparts. The honour and pride held by this college is fastly eroding. Today’s Fourah Bay College is a dilapidated and paralyzed Institution. It is characterized by institutional thuggery and malice. It is no longer what it used to be. But everyone is pretending not to know. A pervasive ignorance at play. The once ‘Center of Excellence’ will soon sink into the Atlantic ocean if it is left to sail by itself. The horrors students go through at Fourah Bay College are unexplained. They are huge! Am I painting a wall? Probably! If you haven’t being to Fourah Bay College before (in whatever capacity), you would be stunned when you get there. It is difficult to distinguish between intellectuality and mediocrity. A disorganized and polluted society it has become, with all due respect. This great institution is ebbing. There is a shebang no student or staff can choose to explain.
It is also apparent that FBC has reached its menopause. Adamantly not yielding anymore as before. It is not aligning itself with the changing trends; it has aged and still holding on to the archaic
orthodox courses. No new programs that fit the current global trends. Thereby making Law the ultimate course that students in the liberal arts could clamour for. Students sitting in the sun for classes are a virtue. A question that comes to mind is what is responsible for the present impoverished status of FBC? I will attempt to elucidate with conviction the reasons for the diminished status of FBC. After the World War ll, Fourah Bay College underwent an overhaul, ranging from relocation from its original grounds at Cline Town to its new home at Mount Aureol; transferring administration from the Church Missionary Society to the Government of Sierra Leone; among others. According to Prof. Joe A. D Alie, Head of Department, History and
African Studies- FBC, Fourah Bay College was located on the hills of Mount Aureol to serve as a redeemer, suggesting that whenever there’s problem down town Freetown, the public would look up to Mount Aureol for solutions. That’s why it was relocated on a forested and serene ecosystem of an acclaimed altitude of about 1500 meters above sea level that is academically ideal. The Botanic stream that runs through the Mountain Cut Community and the forest belt across the hills of Mount Aureol serves as boundaries between mediocrity and intellectuality. Meaning, anyone that is fortunate to step on the soils of Mount Aureol is bound to succeed. Mount Aureol became known as the ’Mountain of Hope’. It then became the envy of all academicians, especially high school leavers (both local and foreign students) who made Fourah Bay College their utmost destination. It played host to foreign students, researchers, lecturers, etc. Life on campus was awesome. Everyone enjoyed their stay at FBC, both academic and extra curricula activities were enjoyed by students, staff and lecturers. The earlier generation of FBC was marvelous. Academic excellence was a priority.
As time progresses, the college felt the pangs of political interference. Students were at the forefront of protests, demonstrations, strikes, etc, in a bid to influence change in the Siaka Stevens led Government. Since then, national politics have been prevalent on the soils of Fourah Bay College. This mark the start of a retrogressive era for the Athens of West Africa. The college started shifting its goals from academic to politics. Students’ politics became fused with national politics. The administration became fragmented.
The once serene campus became a militarized zone. An institution that was once the solution for national crises became a source of the national problem. This has hugely affected the growth of
the institution. As the diverse political views became intensified, students and lecturers started dividing themselves into interest groups. A perusal of the TRC Report and other documents proved that the idea for the institution of a brutal and senseless civil war was nurtured and masterminded on Fourah Bay College campus.
Since then, the college has became a competitive ground for tribal, regional, political and cultural dominance. Breeding more enemies than friends. Whatever enmity that was created on campus was transcended to national affairs. The establishment of the University of Sierra Leone, amalgamating Fourah Bay College as one of its constituent colleges, was due to its ineptitudeness. It was inevitably clear that Fourah Bay College could no longer stand on its own. Otherwise, a 189- year- old college would have had campuses across the country as part of it success. The fact is that, it’s only campus on Mount Aureol is in a poor state, inadequate facilities and poor administration. To date, Fourah Bay College has succeeded in creating bitter relationships between its and students and the administration. The present campus is a student deprived one. My spell at Fourah Bay College first as a volunteer staff and now as a student, taught me a lot. I was attached at the PRO’s office of the University of Sierra Leone; I interfaced with the public on various activities organized by the office, especially the Career Advising and Placement Services (CAPS) Center, established by the University and the National Youth Commission with the blessings of Madam Lola Aforo, former PRO-USL. She saved the image of the University by engaging the media, corporate houses, international partners and the public, but her stay was short-lived. From that moment to now, my experiences about that college are vast. The administration is doing more harm than good to the college. The once vibrant Students Union is virtually dead. The University administration has succeeded in paralyzing the students’ Union Body, thereby muzzling students’ voices on issues that affect them, evacuating them from the hostels-followed by the rustication of students that insisted on staying there. Students are deprived of basic facilities like functioning Computer Laboratory, Toilet Facilities, Sitting Accommodations, etc, the list is endless. Students’ unionism is the right of the student. They should not be deprived of it; they should experience real Campus/University life. The University exists because of them. The College has hurt a lot of students in the past and is at present doing it. Breeding hate. I emphatically say it again; students at Fourah Bay College are deprived. The hard fact is, students have nowhere to complain when their rights are trampled upon, either by lecturers or staff. The worst a student cannot do is to challenge his or her grade or report an authority for misconduct. The consequence is enormous.
The student will automatically be incriminated against an issue he or she is innocent about. Nobody listens. Nobody cares. The lecturers are gods. Their vindictive stance could be sensed by the way they treat students in class, exams, etc. They normally lament what they went through, so their services are vengeful. The college celebrates failures. “MASS FAILURES” in key departments, nobody asks questions. If you ask students that have graduated from the college if they would wish to read at FBC in the future, majority will decline. This is obvious because they will not want to experience the same haul. Apart from the older generation of FBC Alumni, the recent ones are not proud of the college for reasons best known to them.
We have seen and heard of what Alumni have done for their colleges
across the world, because they enjoyed their stay during their
studies. We’ve seen Alumni organizing fund raising programs to boost
their institutions. But this is farfetched at FBC. There are people that may not even want to include the FBC certificate in their CVs, because think they were badly treated. Have you reasoned out why Fourah Bay College is still struggling for infrastructure and other facilities even when the current Education Minister is a product of FBC? What about the current President of Sierra Leone, also a product of the same college. Is paying back the college in its own coin? Speak to people like Lawyer Melron Nicol-Wilson and others, they will tell you their ordeals with FBC.Have you ask why the BADEA combined project for the rehabilitation of FBC is yet to commence for more than half a decade now? Has the Government ever prioritized the project? Consider the abrupt promulgation or better put, the rise of UNIMAK, comically defeating other colleges in the Bar exams. (Just thinking aloud).There is an irrational discrimination on the soils of the Almighty Republic of Fourah Bay College- a self Governed State! Many Academic Professors and Doctors have been submerged, suppressed and left. They are out there seeking for jobs with NGO’s and Government institutions. As a result, there are currently Deans of Faculties and Heads of Department without a PhD. They are not naive though, but this will not happen in the recently established Legion University or other serious Universities across Africa, where even a Course Coordinator or Exams Officer is a PhD holder. There is the problem of insubordination and disrespect also. For instance, a lecturer can take his own question papers to the Exam Halls without going through Exams Office or Heads of Department, as per
the University Regulations. They will do any as they wish. This is
terrible. Despite the anomalies at Fourah Bay College, there is still high influx of students seeking admissions. The institution is still reaping from its aged glory. Fourah Bay College has reached the point of saturation. Its high time things are put right at Fourah Bay College. Because what affects the college, directly affects the nation. Even at its declining state, there is no other competent local institution that can overtake Fourah Bay College. Have I answered the above question of what is responsible for the impoverished state of Fourah Bay College? Maybe the above scripts have attempted to loosely answer many doubts. Together we can restore the lost book of the Athens of West Africa. Viva Fourah Bay College! ‘Non sibi sed aliis’ (Not for self but for others)! ©2016, Ibrahim Sorious Samura
Student, FBC.
Posted by STANDARD TIMESPRESS on 9:23 pm. Filed under Breaking News, GOSSIP, NEWS. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
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Trump signs executive orders to speed up oil and gas projects
Paroma Bhattacharya April 12, 2019 Power & Energy
The orders will help energy infrastructures to avoid delays caused by agencies and accelerate energy infrastructure approvals.
U.S. President Donald Trump has recently signed a pair of executive orders seeking to make it easier for companies to build oil and gas pipelines and to avoid potential intervention from state agencies. A move that apparently gives the federal government more power in the approval of energy projects reportedly drew immediate criticism from some state officials and environmental activists.
According to The Washington Post, President Trump, during a visit to a union training center, said that it has been observed that in many cases energy infrastructures are being held back by entrenched bureaucracies, special-interest groups and radical activists. However, the two executive orders that will be signed today will fix this issue, dramatically accelerating energy infrastructure approvals.
Commenting on Trump’s move, critics said that the President’s orders on pipelines would trample on authority allocated to the States under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act and other congressional legislation.
Sources cite that Trump’s executive orders are a response to the oil & gas industry, which has objected that pipeline delays have decelerated production expansion. For Instance, shale gas from Pennsylvania’s Marcellus formation has been unable to reach market in New England, while TransCanada has been unable to convince the NPSC (Nebraska Public Service Commission) or federal courts to permit the Keystone XL pipeline project’s completion, which would transport low-quality crude oil produced in Canada’s tar sands region.
In response to rising energy prices over the past several months, Trump has also called on OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), the oil alliance led by Saudi Arabia, to help reduce the price of oil in the U.S.
Reports claim that the oil prices have risen due to a variety of factors including conflicts in Libya, sanctions against Iran and Venezuela, and the inability of U.S. energy companies to deliver their huge supply to the country’s customers.
However, it is still unclear if the executive order will have its intended effect.
Paroma Bhattacharya
Paroma Bhattacharya, having earned a post-graduation degree in Journalism and Mass Communication, started her writing career by creating specialized and informative content for diverse fields such as real estate, finance and e-commerce. Currently, Paroma writes articles for Sharpreports.com and other news websites. Besides writing, she finds interest in cooking, handicrafts, and sketching as well. She can be contacted at- [email protected] | https://twitter.com/paromab1
East Timor to acquire Shell’s Greater Sunrise gas fields stake
Paroma Bhattacharya November 23, 2018
Equinor to secure Chevron North Sea stakes in Rosebank oilfield
JinkoSolar to use transparent backsheet by DuPont on bifacial module
Ojaswita Kutepatil March 1, 2019
IFC’s $75M investment in AC Energy to aid renewable development
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Difference between revisions of "The Hall of Presidents"
From The Mickey Wiki: Your Walt Disney World Encyclopedia!
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The Hall of Presidents is an attraction located in [[Liberty Square]]
==Attraction History==
Like many of the Magic Kingdom's opening day attractions, the Hall of Presidents started out as an idea for Disneyland. In the late 1950s Walt Disney wanted to create an attraction called “One Nation Under God”, which was to be about American greatness and the Constitution. The grand finale of the attraction was going to be life size Audio Animatronics of all the United States Presidents joining together on stage, concluding with Abraham Lincoln giving a speech <ref> http://waltdatedworld.bravepages.com/id223.htm </ref>. Technological limitations however, made the show unrealistic at that time, and the idea was eventually scrapped.
Like many of the Magic Kingdom's opening day attractions, the Hall of Presidents started out as an idea for Disneyland. In the late 1950s Walt Disney wanted to create an attraction called “One Nation Under God”, which was to be about American greatness and the Constitution. The grand finale of the attraction was going to be life size Audio Animatronics of all the United States Presidents joining together on stage, concluding with Abraham Lincoln giving a speech <ref> http://waltdatedworld.com/id223.htm </ref>. Technological limitations however, made the show unrealistic at that time, and the idea was eventually scrapped.
Although the Audio Animatronic technology was still under development, Walt agreed to create a show for the Illinois Pavilion at the 1964 World’s Fair <ref name= "64fair"> http://www.nywf64.com/illinois01.shtml </ref>. The show that Disney came up with was titled, “Great Moments With Mr. Lincoln”. The new attraction was essentially a scaled own version of the “One Nation Under God” show, however instead of focusing on all American Presidents, the new show focused solely on Abraham Lincoln. Great Moments With Mr. Lincoln consisted of two separate parts. The first half of the show was a film that gave Lincoln’s biography, and like its predecessor, the show concluded with the Audio Animatronic Lincoln giving a speech <ref name= "64fair"/>. Great Moments With Mr. Lincoln was such a success at the World's Fair, that Disney decided to move the attraction to his Disneyland park. In 1966, Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln opened on Main Street USA <ref> http://www.yesterland.com/presidents.html </ref>. The show was free for guests and once again proved to be quite popular.
Due to its popularity, Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln was one of the attractions considered for inclusion in (yet unopened) Walt Disney World. Instead of recreating the attraction however, Imagineers decided to revisit the One Nation Under God concept. In the time between Walt’s original idea, and the creation of Disney World, technology had improved to the point that creating Audio Animatronic figures for every President was possible. Furthermore, the Magic Kingdom also had the space available for such a large stage to be created. Renaming the attraction the Hall of Presidents, the show opened with the rest of the Magic Kingdom on October 1, 1971. The Hall, along with the Country Bear Jamboree and the Mickey Mouse Revue, was one of the three unique (not from Disneyland) attractions that opened with the Magic Kingdom.
In 1993 The Hall of Presidents was overhauled and given a new script. Columbia professor Eric Forner convinced Disney executives (including Michael Eisner) that the original show did not pay enough attention to the issues slavery and civil rights <ref name= "dated"> http://waltdatedworld.bravepages.com/id223.htm </ref>. In order to enact these changes, as well as to add President Bill Clinton to the attraction, the Hall of Presidents closed in September of 1993. When the attraction reopened in October of the same year, the attraction had a completely new tone. The new Hall of Presidents film was now narrated poet Maya Angelo <ref> http://www.omniluxe.net/wyw/hop.htm </ref>.
In 1993 The Hall of Presidents was overhauled and given a new script. Columbia professor Eric Forner convinced Disney executives (including Michael Eisner) that the original show did not pay enough attention to the issues slavery and civil rights <ref name= "dated"> http://waltdatedworld.com/id223.htm </ref>. In order to enact these changes, as well as to add President Bill Clinton to the attraction, the Hall of Presidents closed in September of 1993. When the attraction reopened in October of the same year, the attraction had a completely new tone. The new Hall of Presidents film was now narrated poet Maya Angelo <ref> http://www.omniluxe.net/wyw/hop.htm </ref>.
In 2001 J.D. Hall replaced Maya Angelo as the attraction's narrator and President George W. Bush was added to the attraction. Like Clinton before him, Bush recorded a speech specifically for The Hall of Presidents <ref> http://allears.net/tp/mk/mk_hop.htm </ref>.
The Hall of Presidents
The entrance to The Hall of Presidents (Photo: TCWMatt).
Ride duration
Audio-Animatronics
FastPass +
The Hall of Presidents is an attraction located in Liberty Square
1 Attraction History
2 Building Exterior and Waiting Area
3 Attraction Plot
3.1 Original Incarnation (1971-1993) [10]
3.2 Second Incarnation (1993-2009) [11]
3.3 Third Incarnation (2009-2016) [15]
3.4 Fourth Version (2017-Present)
4 Cast [18]
4.5 2017-Present
5 Watch the Show!
6 Fun Facts and Trivia
Attraction History
Like many of the Magic Kingdom's opening day attractions, the Hall of Presidents started out as an idea for Disneyland. In the late 1950s Walt Disney wanted to create an attraction called “One Nation Under God”, which was to be about American greatness and the Constitution. The grand finale of the attraction was going to be life size Audio Animatronics of all the United States Presidents joining together on stage, concluding with Abraham Lincoln giving a speech [1]. Technological limitations however, made the show unrealistic at that time, and the idea was eventually scrapped.
Although the Audio Animatronic technology was still under development, Walt agreed to create a show for the Illinois Pavilion at the 1964 World’s Fair [2]. The show that Disney came up with was titled, “Great Moments With Mr. Lincoln”. The new attraction was essentially a scaled own version of the “One Nation Under God” show, however instead of focusing on all American Presidents, the new show focused solely on Abraham Lincoln. Great Moments With Mr. Lincoln consisted of two separate parts. The first half of the show was a film that gave Lincoln’s biography, and like its predecessor, the show concluded with the Audio Animatronic Lincoln giving a speech [2]. Great Moments With Mr. Lincoln was such a success at the World's Fair, that Disney decided to move the attraction to his Disneyland park. In 1966, Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln opened on Main Street USA [3]. The show was free for guests and once again proved to be quite popular.
Blaine Gibson sculpting the face of Abraham Lincoln for Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln at the 1964 World's Fair
In 1993 The Hall of Presidents was overhauled and given a new script. Columbia professor Eric Forner convinced Disney executives (including Michael Eisner) that the original show did not pay enough attention to the issues slavery and civil rights [4]. In order to enact these changes, as well as to add President Bill Clinton to the attraction, the Hall of Presidents closed in September of 1993. When the attraction reopened in October of the same year, the attraction had a completely new tone. The new Hall of Presidents film was now narrated poet Maya Angelo [5].
In 2001 J.D. Hall replaced Maya Angelo as the attraction's narrator and President George W. Bush was added to the attraction. Like Clinton before him, Bush recorded a speech specifically for The Hall of Presidents [6].
In 2008 to coincide with the election of President Barrack Obama, the Hall of Presidents once again underwent major renovations. At this time, the attraction itself was renamed The Hall of Presidents: A Celebration of Liberty’s Leaders. One of the many changes that occurred to the show itself was that it was given a new script that focused on the Presidents' relationship with the American people. Other changes to The Hall of Presidents at this time included: A re-programmed Abraham Lincoln Audio Animatronic now delivers the Gettysburg Address, George Washington stands and gives a speech, the entire show was upgraded to HD and given a new sound system, and 130 new images were added to the attraction to go along with a new score written by Joel McNeely. Finally, Barrack Obama was added to the attraction where he delivers a speech recorded by the President himself [7].
On January 17, 2017 The Hall of Presidents closed for the addition of President Donald Trump [8].
On December 19, 2017, the Hall of Presidents officially reopened to guests. Besides the addition of Donald Trump to the attraction, the hall also received a brand new script and features updated sound, lighting and projection [9].
Building Exterior and Waiting Area
The Hall of Presidents is located in Liberty Square and is housed in a colonial hall. The Hall's architecture takes its inspiration from the Philadelphia and Boston colonial meeting halls used during the time of the American Revolution. The building itself is red brick, with a peaked tower serving as its highest point. Above the entrance to the hall, the date 1787 can be read (an obvious reference to the year the Constitution was signed).
After entering the building, guests find themselves in a large lobby. Various portraits of United States Presidents line the walls, and a large carpet featuring the "Great Seal of the United States" can be found in the center of the lobby. Other artifacts that can be found in the waiting room include personal property of former Presidents, and even some dresses which were worn by First Ladies on Inauguration Day.
Attraction Plot
The Hall of Presidents presents the story of America through images, music, and Audio Animatronics. The first part of the attraction is a film shown on a 180 degree screen. This is followed by the climax of the attraction, when all of the Presidents appear on stage together.
Original Incarnation (1971-1993) [10]
The first Incarnation of the Hall of Presidents began with guests entering the theater and hearing various Americans speaking lines from the Declaration of Independence. The attraction’s narrator would then begin to tell guests the story of America, as the curtains opened and the film started.
Abraham Lincoln as he appeared at the end of the Hall of Presidents (prior to 1993)
The Hall of President’s film began with the Constitutional Convention in 1787. George Washington (the president of the Convention) and Benjamin Franklin were heard trying to persuade their fellow delegates to sign the Constitution. Although the founders admit that the Constitution is not perfect, all but three eventually sign the document and the states agree to ratify it.
Leaving the Constitutional Convention, the story moved forward to the Whiskey Rebellion in 1789. Here, newly elected President George Washington faced one of his first challenges as President, as Pennsylvanian farmers had begun to riot over federal taxes. Washington and Pennsylvania Governor Thomas Mifflin could then be heard arguing over whether or not Washington had the power to use armed forces to stop the rebels. Washington then said that the Supreme Court affirms his authority, and he was then shown on horseback leading federal troops towards to Pennsylvania. Fortunately, the narrator informed guests that the riots ended without bloodshed, and Washington was able to show Americans that the President would use force in order "ensure domestic tranquility".
Following the Whiskey Rebellion, the scene once again shifted. Guests now found themselves in South Carolina some 40 years later. The Nullification Crisis was featured, and an angry crowd was being addressed by a speaker. The speaker informed the mob that, "The Federal Government's Tariff Acts are hereby declared null, void, and no law in the State of South Carolina." The speaker then went on to warn that any use of force by the government would lead to the secession of South Carolina. Following his speech, an image of President Andrew Jackson was shown on the screen, and he declared that he was determined to keep the union together. The narrator then informed guests that with the support of Congress, Jackson was able to end the Nullification Crisis without any bloodshed. It was apparent however that the “union of the states” was in danger.
Once again moving forward in history, guests next found themselves listening in on the 1858 debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas. During the debate, Lincoln declared that he knew slavery was wrong, and that "this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. A house divided against itself cannot stand". Although he was being heckled by the crowd, Lincoln continued on, saying that if the people did not believe in the words of the Deceleration of Independence, then they should go and destroy it. Reluctantly, the crowd admitted that he was right, and although the narrator told guests that Lincoln lost (that) election, his words were not forgotten.
Following Lincoln’s speech, the scene once again cut. Guests then saw (the now) President Abraham Lincoln in the White House. He was alone, contemplating his responsibility to protect the union. Lincoln claimed that he knew there was a God, and that that God hated slavery. He then resolved that with God’s help, he would end slavery and win the war. At this point, images of the American Civil War flashed on the screen and the narrator said:
"After four weary and wounding years, the conflict ended. The Union was saved. The Constitution had survived the fiery ordeal. America was one nation, finally and forevermore."
Following the summary, triumphant music would begin to play and images from the century following the Civil War appeared on the screen. Images of Thomas Edison, the Wright Brothers, auto racing and nickelodeon movies, all flashed before guest’s eyes. The montage of American progress finally ended with the Saturn V launching from Cape Canaveral to the moon, ending the film portion of the attraction.
After the film ended, a curtain behind the screens would rise to reveal all of the Presidents of the United States. A roll call would then be taken, and a spotlight would shine on each individual President as they were introduced. Finally, Abraham Lincoln would rise and give a final speech.
All of the Presidents of the United States together on stage.
This government must be preserved in spite of the acts of any man or set of men. Nowhere in the world has presented a government of so much liberty and equality. To the humblest and poorest among us are held the highest privileges and positions. What constitutes the bulwark of our liberty and independence? It is not the frowning battlements, or bristling seacoast, our army and navy. These are not our reliance against tyranny. Our reliance is in the love of liberty which God has planted in us. Our defense is in the spirit which prizes liberty as the heritage of all men, in all lands everywhere. Destroy this spirit and you have planted the seeds of despotism at your own doors. At what point shall we expect the approach of danger? By what means shall we fortify against it? Shall we expect some transatlantic giant to step the ocean and crush us at a blow? Never. All the armies of Europe, Asia, and Africa combined could not, by force, take a drink from the Ohio or make a track on the Blue Ridge. At what point then is the approach of danger to be expected? I answer, if it ever reach us, it must spring up among us. It cannot come from abroad. If destruction be our lot, we ourselves, must be its author and its finisher. As a nation of free men, we must live through all time, or die by suicide. Surely God would not have created such a being as man, with an ability to grasp the infinite to exist only for a day. No. No. Man was made for immortality.
Following Lincoln’s speech, the Battle Hymn of the Republic played as the curtain closed and guests left the theater. From 1971 until 1993, the only major change to the Hall of Presidents were the additions of newly elected Presidents: Gerald R. Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H.W. Bush.
Second Incarnation (1993-2009) [11]
The 1993 version of the Hall of Presidents once again opened with the Constitutional Convention in 1786. Now however, instead of debating the merits of the new Constitution, the delegates could instead be heard arguing about whether or not slavery had a place in the new country [4].
Continuing on, the new version of the Hall of Presidents omitted the Whiskey Rebellion scene that had once followed the Constitutional Convention. Instead, the film jumped straight to the Nullification Crisis, where once again the issue of slavery was interjected. Now the South Carolina crowd who supported nullification also voiced their approval of slavery. Like in the previous incarnation of the Hall of Presidents, the film next then featured the Lincoln-Douglas debate, during which Lincoln gave his famous "House Divided" speech. The Civil War portion of the show also remained mostly the same as the previous incarnation [4].
In the second incarnation of The Hall of Presidents, Bill Clinton and later George W. Bush gave speeches (Photo: Lauren Javier).
Although the portion of the film that focused on Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War remained mostly intact, the post-Civil War scene was radically altered. Instead of focusing on the American technological achievements in the century after the war, the film instead focused on the civil rights struggles of women, immigrants and African Americans. The film then concluded with the narrator saying "We the people must mean all the people" and the Saturn 5 launching into space [12].
Besides featuring a brand new script, the second incarnation of the Hall of Presidents also include a speech by the (then) current President of the United States, Bill Clinton. Clinton’s speech was given before Abraham Lincoln (who was now voiced by Peter Renaday) addressed the audience [4]
Although the Hall of President’s script remained mostly unchanged from 1993 until 2009, the attraction was altered slightly in 2001. During this renovation, President George W. Bush was added to the attraction, and J.D. Hall replaced Maya Angelou as the Hall’s narrator [13]. Like his predecessor, George W Bush recorded a speech for the attractions finale.
In 2008 to coincide with the election of President Barrack Obama, The Hall of Presidents once again underwent a major refurbishment. At this time the attraction received a new script which focused on the relationship between the Presidents and the American people. At this time the attraction experienced a number of other changes including the fact that The attraction itself was renamed Hall of Presidents: A Celebration of Liberty’s Leaders. Other altercations included a re-programmed Abraham Lincoln Audio Animatronic who now delivers the Gettysburg Address. George Washington also now stands and gives a speech. Barrack Obama was added to the attraction where he delivers a speech record by the President himself.
130 new images were added to the attraction to go along with score written by Joel McNeely [14]. At this time the attraction's rotunda was also changed, so that it now showcases many artifacts that belonged to the Presidents themselves.
Third Incarnation (2009-2016) [15]
With the Inauguration of Barrack Obama in 2009, the Hall of Presidents once again went under a major renovation [16]. This time, the tone was shifted away from American inequality, and instead focused on the Presidents relationship with "we the people".
Like the previous incarnations of the Hall of Presidents, the current version starts with the shadows of Americans repeating phrases from the Deceleration of Independence. The films narrator (now voiced by Morgan Freeman [17]), then shifts the scene back to American Revolution. On the screen, guests then see images of Valley Forge, and of Americans eventually winning their independence. The narrator then tells guests that from the beginning, the dream of a government run by "We the people" was already facing a threat. At this point, the film moves to a time after the Revolution. Due to the war, the colonies are bankrupt and soldiers are unpaid. In the background, some American veterans can be heard calling for an end to democracy and for George Washington to be crowned king. Washington then speaks, saying that he believes in the democracy that he fought for. After hearing his words, the unrest amongst the solders is quelled.
"Declaration of Independence" by John Trumbull.
Following Washington’s speech, the scene changes to the Constitutional Convention, where the Founding fathers have agreed that Washington should be the country’s first President. Washington once again speaks, showing the audience some of his trepidation:
"I fear my country will expect too much from me. I walk on untrotted ground, there is scarcely any part of my conduct which may hereafter be drawn into precedent."
The narrator informs guests however, that Washington set an amazing precedent, "The man who could have been king, stepped down after two terms".
Like the previous incarnation of the Hall of Presidents, the Whiskey Rebellion scene has been omitted from the film. Instead, the film moves on to Presidency of Andrew Jackson. Instead of focusing on Nullification Crisis (as previous incarnations of the attraction had), the scene now focuses President Andrew Jackson and his relationship with American people. The narrator informs guests that Jackson was not an aristocrat (as previous Presidents had been) and instead he was "One of us". A new image then appears on the screen, showing 20,000 Americans descending on Jackson's inauguration. A women staff member of the White House comments that if they had not put free punch on the lawn, "commoners" would still be in the White House.
Moving forward through history, the narrator next begins to discuss how in the mid-19th century slavery had begun to tear the country apart. He states that a new President was needed to rise to the challenge. At this point, the Lincoln-Douglas debates are once again shown and Lincoln gives his "House Divided" speech. An image of Lincoln being elected in 1860 follows, as the narrator talks about how we needed a leader who could hold the country together even as it was seemingly falling apart.
The next image to appear on screen shows Abraham Lincoln alone and talking to himself. He says:
"I know that there is a God, and that he hates injustice and slavery. And I see the storm coming, I know his hand is in it. If he has a place of work for me, and I think he has, I believe I am ready. I am nothing, but truth is everything. And with God's help I shall not fail. "
Abraham Lincoln in the White House just prior to the beginning of the Civil War.
The beginning of the Civil War at Fort Sumter is then shown, before the War is depicted through images of Union and Confederate soldiers. The narrator then tells guests that after 500,000 Americans had died, America needed meaning to come from all the tragedy. At this point, the film screen rises to show an Audio Animatronic Abraham Lincoln giving the Gettysburg Address.
After his speech, the narrator says that with the Civil War over, America was united at last. Images of the Continental Railroad and the Western Frontier were then shown, representing the idea that America grew and moved west. Teddy Roosevelt then appears on the screen and the narrator informs guests that although he was born an aristocrat, Roosevelt fought for the working class. In fact, Roosevelt was the one who refused to call the Executive Mansion by its name, instead just calling it a "White House". The next president mentioned is Franklin Delenor Roosevelt, who guests are told was called upon to the lead the nation through its darkest hours since the Civil War. The Depression and the Stock Market Crash of 1929 are then depicted, followed by WWII. The narrator says that when America's confidence was shaken, FDR was there to reassure us. A fireside chat is then heard, with FDR saying:
"Let us unite in banishing fear, together we cannot fail"
Following his chat, various Americans are heard writing letters to FDR, to both thank him and explain their situations.
Moving forward to the 1960s, a video clip of John F. Kennedy is shown where the President says:
"Let the word go forth, from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans."
The film says that Kennedy inspired Americans into new civic activism, as images of Martin Luther King Jr. and other activists appear on the screen. The images then change to a large picture of the Lincoln Memorial as the narrator gives a short speech.
It has always been the role of Presidents to remind us of our roots, to call us to our future. At their best moments they speak words that are already there in our hearts, especially in times of tragedy.
A montage of Presidential speeches is then shown including:
Lyndon Johnson after John F. Kennedy was assassinated- "All I have, I would have given gladly, not to be standing here today."
Ronald Reagan after the Challenger explosion- "We mourn seven heroes; we mourn their loss as a nation together."
Bill Clinton after the Oklahoma City Bombings- "You have lost too much, but you have certainly not lost America. For we will stand with you."
George W. Bush at Ground Zero after the September 11, 2001 attacks- "I can hear you! I can hear you; the rest of the world hears you!"
A close up of the Barrack Obama Audio Animatronic (Photo: Lauren Javier
Finally, the narrator gives one final speech as the Space Shuttle Columbia is shown launching for the first time:
"And as our journeys continue, what once seemed revolutionary, now seems profoundly simple. That we should choose our own leaders. That our hopes should be their hopes, our fears their fears, and our dreams their dreams. Ladies and gentlemen the Presidents of the United States."
As the narrator is finishing, the video screen on the main stage rises, revealing Audio Animatronics of every United States President. A Presidential roll call is then taken, where each President is introduced and spotlighted. After the roll call George Washington begins to speak:
"My fellow citizens, no event could have filled me with greater anxiety then that notification on the 14th day of April 1789, that you had selected me to head our nation. But it is with the confidence of my fellow citizens that I took an oath, 35 simple words that have been repeated by every American President throughout history. As long as that oath is taken, and solemnly fulfilled, the American Dream will endure."
After Washington is finished, Barrack Obama begins to recite the Oath of the President.
"I Barrack Hussein Obama do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of the President of the United States. And will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. So help me God."
Barrack Obama is then introduced by the narrator and he then gives the final speech of the attraction:
"The American dream is as old as our founding, but as timeless as our hopes. It is born every day in the heart of every child, who wakes up in a land of limitless possibilities, in a country where "We the people" means all the people. We may come from different places and believe in different things, but what makes us Americans is a shared spirit. A spirit of courage and determination, of honor and generosity. It is a spirit grounded in the generations that have gone before us, but open to the unimaginable discoveries and possibilities on the horizon that lies ahead. Let us enjoy it, cherish it, defend it, and pass it on to our children as the bright and beautiful blessing it is. This enduring American Dream"
As the curtains close and guests exit the attraction, the Battle Hymn of the Republic plays.
Fourth Version (2017-Present)
The current version of the Hall of Presidents begins with a brief dedication to Walt Disney. The show itself then opens on large screens with the end of the Revolutionary War. After briefly recapping George Washington’s victory over the British, it then cuts to Philadelphia in 1787 where the Constitution has been completed. As part of the new government the narrator states:
"They imagine something new in the history of the world. A leader not born to power like a king or queen, a leader who has not ceased power through conquest. A leader who is not seprate from the people, but elected by the people, from among the people. We the people. This is a new idea, an American idea, the idea of a President".
As images of George Washington crossing the Delaware River and fighting the British flash on the screen, the narrator notes that although the American people don't fully know what a President will be, they know Washington will be the first one. The military leader had not used his victory to create a dictatorship, but instead resigned from the army and went home to Mount Vernon.
When he receives his notification that he has been elected as the first President of the United States of America, Washington states, "Integrity and firmness is all I can promise". Despite these reservations, Washington is perfect for the role, and almost every move he makes is set as precedent. Perhaps most importantly, Washington steps down after two terms in office.
At this point, the film begins to quickly show the Presidents that America elects to succeed Washington. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, Zachary Taylor, Millard Fillmore, James K. Polk, Franklin Pierce, and James Buchanan all briefly appear on screen as the narrator points out that America chose very different Presidents in its infant years. After 15 Presidents however, the country finds itself in crisis.
A young Abraham Lincoln as shown in the Hall of Presidents.
As images of slavery appear on screen, the narrator notes that the institution continues within the new republic. As the country pushes west, there is bitter debate about whether slavery will be allowed to spread with it. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln appears on the national scene and gives his famous "house divided" speech. With his election however; the United States does divide.
As the bombardment of Fort Sumter is depicted, the Civil War begins and eleven states succeed from the Union. With images of the war flashing, the narrator notes that the inner strength and character of Abraham Lincoln was tested. The 16th President was raised on the frontier and suffered many personal losses in his childhood. Despite his struggle with depression, he is determined to rise above it, and leave the world a better place.
In the midst of the war, the narrator tells the audience that Lincoln fights to keep the Union together and end slavery. The scene then cuts to the battle of Gettysburg, six months after which Lincoln gives his famous dedication. At this point the middle of the screen rises to show an Audio Animatronic Abraham Lincoln giving the Gettysburg Address.
Following the end of the Civil War slavery was ended and the country exploded west. As the nation approached the 20th century, immigrants poured into the United States and the economy tripled. As cities emerged and the county became a superpower, a young Theodore Roosevelt moved West to escape his personal troubles. As images of the industrial revolution and the conflict between labor and management appear on screen, the narrator notes that the change was needed. With this unrest as background, Theodore Roosevelt became President, crusading for workers’ rights and promising a "square deal for every man and every woman in the United States". At this time Roosevelt and his commitment to the natural parks is also briefly shown.
Moving forward to the 1930s, images of the stock market crash of 1928 and the beginning of the Great Depression appear on screen. In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt is elected President. After showing Roosevelt's fireside chats, the narrator notes that even with the depression going on, Roosevelt must guide the country through WWII. As images and video of the American mobilization effort play on screen Roosevelt declares:
"We must be the great arsenal of democracy. This is an emergency as serious as war itself."
After the end of World War II, images of the 1940s and 50s America are shown. Brief speeches of 20th century presidents are then shown. Including:
Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Speech before the General Assembly of the United Nations on the Space Race (1960)
John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address (1961)
The Audio Animatronic of Donald Trump delivering his speech.
Lyndon B. Johnson's We Shall Overcome Speech (1965)
Jimmy Carter signing the Camp David Accords (1978)
Ronald Reagan's Berlin Wall speech (1987)
Bill Clinton's speech following the Oklahoma City Bombing (1995)
George W. Bush's speech at Ground Zero following the 9/11 attacks (2001).
Barack Obama's speech commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Selma to Montgomery marches (2011).
Following the end of the montage, the screens rise to reveal the 44 Presidents of the United States on stage. After a roll call is taken, George Washington then briefly remarks:
My fellow citizens, no event could have filled me with greater anxiety than that notification on the 14th day of April, 1789, that you had selected me to lead our nation. But it was with the confidence of my fellow citizens that I took an oath—35 simple words that have been repeated by every American president throughout history. As long as that oath is taken and solemnly fulfilled, the American dream will endure.
After Washington’s comments, President Trump repeats the oath of the Presidency, before giving a brief speech:
"From the beginning, America has been a nation defined by its people. At our founding, it was the American people who rose up to defend our freedoms and win our independence. It is why our founders began our great constitution with three very simple words: we the people. Since that moment, each generation of Americans has taken its place in the defense of our freedom, our flag, and our nation under God. These are the achievements of the American spirit, the spirit of a people who fought and died to bring the blessings of liberty to all our people. Above all, to be American is to be an optimist, to believe that we can always do better, and that the best days of our great nation are still ahead of us. It's a privilege to serve as the president of the United States, to stand here among so many great leaders of our past, and to work on behalf of the American people."
At the conclusion of President Trump’s speech, the narrator reinforces that the Presidency is entrusted to the President by "We the people". Following these remarks, the curtains lower and the show ends.
Cast [18]
Narrator- Lawrence Dobkin
Abraham Lincoln- Royal Dano
George Washington- Paul Frees
Stephen Douglas- Paul Frees
Governor Mifflen- Paul Frees
Andrew Jackson- Dallas Mckennon
Benjamin Franklin- Lawrence Dobkin
Narrator- Maya Angelo
Abraham Lincoln- Pete Reneday
Bill Clinton-Himself
Narrator- JD Hall
George W. Bush- Himself
Narrator- Morgan Freeman
George Washington- David Morse
Barrack Obama- Himself
Narrator-
Abraham Lincoln-
Donald Trump- Himself
Watch the Show!
To watch the Hall of Presidents click below. The picture gets much clearer about 40 seconds in.
Fun Facts and Trivia
Disney Legend Blaine Gibson sculpted every President in the Hall of Presidents, except for Barrack Obama [19].
President Obama was sculpted by Gibson's protegee Valerie Edwards with oversight by Gibson [19].
Other than the White House, The Hall of Presidents in Walt Disney World is the only other place where the Presidential Seal can be used. In fact, it took an act of Congress to allow Disney to use the seal [20].
Bill Clinton's speech was written by lyricist Tim Rice [21].
First Lady Hillary Clinton got the final say about how her husband's Audio Animatronic should look [22].
The Presidential roll call must be re-recorded every time a new President is added [23].
The Audio Animatronics of Presidents Lincoln, Washington, and Obama are some of the most technologically advanced in Disney World [24].
John DeCuir was in charge of Art Direction for The Hall of Presidents [25].
↑ http://waltdatedworld.com/id223.htm
↑ 2.0 2.1 http://www.nywf64.com/illinois01.shtml
↑ http://www.yesterland.com/presidents.html
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 http://waltdatedworld.com/id223.htm
↑ http://www.omniluxe.net/wyw/hop.htm
↑ http://allears.net/tp/mk/mk_hop.htm
↑ http://www.wdwmagic.com/attractions/hall-of-presidents/news/27jun2009-hall-of-presidents-offically-reopens-july-4.htm
↑ http://www.wdwmagic.com/attractions/hall-of-presidents/news/26jun2017-the-hall-of-presidents-to-reopen-late-2017-featuring-a-speaking-role-for-trump.htm
↑ https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2017/12/the-hall-of-presidents-reopens-at-the-walt-disney-world-resort-after-year-long-transformation/
↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8NeVAQUuaU
↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duo5Svjl92g
↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vHOng0vm8o
↑ http://www.themeparkinsider.com/reviews/walt_disney_world's_magic_kingdom/hall_of_presidents/
↑ http://voicechasers.com/database/showprod.php?prodid=3286
↑ 19.0 19.1 http://www.disneyfanatic.com/10-monumental-facts-about-walt-disney-worlds-hall-of-presidents/
↑ http://allears.net/tp/mk/issue511.htm
↑ http://www.wdwradio.com/2007/09/hall-of-presidents/
↑ http://wdwpensieve.com/wp/2015/08/010-august-26-2015-the-hall-of-presidents/
↑ Sklar, Marty. Dream It! Do It!: My Half-century Creating Disney's Magic Kingdoms. Disney Editions, 2013. Print.
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Our First Line of Defense
By Tim Holman Leave a Comment
Law enforcement is our country’s first line of defense. Everyday police officer’s dawn their armor to protect our communities. They have always been seen as the protector of the law and respected by all.
But then something happened. Now they are seen as the villains and many people are fearful of them. Some of our politicians have deemed officers, who have been engaged in shootings, guilty of wrongdoing before due process was allowed. This has created an anti-police sentiment that we see growing throughout our country.
Recently, the Oakland mayor notified illegal immigrants, all of which were wanted for crimes, that ICE was going to do a citywide raid. Instead of arresting over a thousand illegals as planned, only one hundred and fifty were taken into custody.
In that same city a coffee shop has made it well known that it will not serve police officers. My question is, Does that coffee shop expect officers to protect them?
A Wildlife Officer in Cleveland,Tennessee was in uniform when he and his wife went to dinner at an Outback Steakhouse. The manager approached the officer and told him he would need to leave his gun in his car. He explained that he could not do that because he was in uniform. The manager refused to allow him service at the restaurant. Another patron in the restaurant was so scared when she saw an officer with a gun, she had to be escorted to her car by restaurant employees. She was afraid that he would start shooting people because that’s what COPS do.
Now I will be the first to admit that there are bad cops out there. Along with bad firefighters, bad doctors, bad lawyers and many other occupations that have undesirables representing the profession. But most police officers are hard working patriots that care about our country. These people have earned our respect and our support. Next time you see a police officer thank him or her for the job they do.
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Treason FRONTLINE Ninez Cacho-Olivares 04/28/2012
The Noynoy government and the Muslim secessionist group’s Points on Principles recently forged by the parties shows the Noynoy’s government agreement to establish a Bangsamoro independent substate to be governed by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).
That the Muslim substate will eventually become an independent Muslim state, can easily be gleaned by the agreement, even if thinly disguised by both parties as the entity being a part of the Republic.
As stated in the agreement, the principles stated is “preliminary” and does not contain all points so far agreed upon and does not preclude future agreements on other key points.”.... MORE
Missing out on a golden chance EDITORIAL 04/28/2012
Missing out on a golden chance
Noynoy missed out again on a golden opportunity to portray himself as a champion of the farmers and the landless due to his continued strange silence over the Supreme Court’s final decision for the distribution to the farmers of some 4,000 hectares of Hacienda Luisita land as well as compensating the hacienda owners based on land values pegged at 1989 prices.
While it cannot be denied that the Aquino-Cojuangco clan lost the case, as the family not only wanted to retain the status quo, i.e., keep the stock distribution option status and, after the loss of the land, be compensated at a P5 to 10 billion cost, Noynoy and his image makers could have turned the situation to his advantage — had he no only accepted with grace the decision to parcel out the hacienda and hail the court’s decision, but also for him to have directed his agrarian agency to speed up the distribution of the farmland to the workers, thus bowing to the majesty of the law.
Instead, Noynoy’s continued silence on the decision of the high court created for himself an image of a sulking hacienda owner who is not only a poor loser but also one who refuses to bow to the law — as interpreted by the highest court in the land..... MORE
Stallman: CISPA 'nearly abolishes' the right not to be unreasonably searched
Controversial online security bill CISPA is two steps away from becoming a law. Software freedom activist Richard Stallman says Internet users should beware, as the government is a much bigger threat than any individual hacker.
“What CISPA says as passed by the House of Representatives is any ISP, any website, any company that has some of your data in it can voluntarily hand it over to the government for a wide range of reasons,” and it's up to the government to interpret it however they see fit, the father of the free software philosophy explained.
“So if they see the slightest bit that they think is odd in your email, they can hand it over to the government. And if the government says it has something to do with national security – it is very easy to say that, whether it’s true or not – then the government can study it for any purpose. This nearly abolishes people’s right not to be unreasonably searched.”.... MORE
URL: http://rt.com/news/stallman-cispa-human-rights-abuse-174/
Satellite images show activity at N. Korea nuclear site
Satellite imagery reveals an escalation in activity at North Korea’s Punggye-ri atomic site in possible preparation for a third nuclear test, experts say. However, there is no clear indication from the photos when the test may occur.
The images from a US-based website highlight a chain of mining carts on piles of excavated soil. This coincides with South Korean intelligence reports at the beginning of April claiming that the North was digging a new tunnel at the Punggye-ri for the purposes of a covert nuclear test.
The US-Korea Institute at John Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies analyzed the photos taken between March 8 and April 18 by a private satellite operator. The most recent images suggest that 8,000 cubic meters of rubble have been excavated at Punggye-ri. North Korea carried out two atomic bomb tests at the site in 2006 and 2009..... MORE
URL: http://rt.com/news/north-korea-photo-nuclear-test-188/
Police vs Protester: Feds sending armed agents to Chicago three weeks before NATO Summit
May's NATO summit in Chicago is still weeks away, but residents of the Windy City can expect to see armed federal agents patrolling the streets in preparation much sooner than that.
Three weeks before international heads of state will converge in Chicago, Illinois for the annual NATO conference, the US Federal Protective Service will send armed officers into the city’s downtown district to prepare for the swarm of protesters expected to arrive in time for the event, slated for May 20 and 21.
Both the NATO and G-8 summits were initially scheduled to occur back-to-back in the major Midwest city, but the meeting between the world’s eight leading economies has since been relocated to Camp David, the fortified presidential retreat in Maryland used as a getaway destination for many of America’s past commanders-in-chief. As of now, however, the NATO summit will take place in Chicago and, citing concerns over how demonstrators may respond, law enforcement is being called in early to size up the city..... MORE
URL: http://rt.com/usa/news/agents-chicago-nato-federal-161/
Police fired live bullets during clash in Parañaque City’s Silverio compound
MANILA – Outside the emergency room of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH), Buddy Padil, 37, silently sat. He is the uncle of Iris Isaias, 18, who sustained a gunshot wound during the demolition at Silverio compound in Parañaque City on April 23.
A bullet pierced Iris’ calf. “The bullet went through it. The bulet shattered the area of the bone it hit and the doctor said that they need to put metal on it,” Padil said.
Iris was first brought to Ospital ng Muntinlupa but the hospital was not equipped to treat her wounds. She was transferred to the PGH.
“She was only standing outside the compound when she suddenly noticed that the people were already carrying her, shouting. It was only then that realized that she was hit,” Padil said, “These days we would always catch her staring at nothing. She might still be in a state of shock.”
On April 25, Iris went through an operation. Padil said that Isaias’ father, Danilo, a carpenter, is at a loss as to where they would get money to pay for the operation. Doctors told them that the metal that would be placed in Isaias’ left calf costs US$1,465.
The number of residents with gunshot wounds remains undetermined as documentation is still on going. Iris and the other injured residents belied earlier claims that the policemen used blank and/or rubber bullets.
Shooting at bystanders
Also at the PGH was Angelo Lipata, 21. Angelo could hardly hear the questions asked to him as a bullet is stuck in his left ear drum. He was told by his doctors to go home for the time being, citing that they could not operate and remove the bullet until the wound is healed.
During the demolition, Angelo was watching videos of the then ongoing conflict between the Silverio compound residents who were defending their homes and the police. The videos had been quickly uploaded on YouTube by alternative media group Tudla Productions. After watching them, he decided to go out and see for himself what was happening outside. He went and stood next to the barricade when the police began to fire indiscriminately at the residents, who ran for their lives..... MORE
URL: http://bulatlat.com/main/2012/04/28/police-fired-live-bullets-during-clash-in-paranaque-citys-silverio-compound/
China involves military in Scarborough tiff with RP By Michaela P. del Callar and Angie M. Rosales 04/28/2012
China involves military in Scarborough tiff with RP
By Michaela P. del Callar and Angie M. Rosales 04/28/2012
China announced yesterday that its military will now join its maritime authorities in protecting its claim over a shoal within Manila’s territorial jurisdiction as tensions between the Philippines and China showed no sign of letting up nearly three weeks after a dangerous naval standoff began.
China’s statement, one of its most provocative yet, was made three days after declaring that it is not escalating the situation in the area and that it is committed to settle the standoff through friendly diplomatic consultations.
“Chinese armed forces will closely work with fishery and maritime supervision agencies to jointly safeguard national marine rights and interests,” Defense Ministry spokesman Geng Yansheng said in a statement posted on Beijing’s government web portal..... MORE
HLI statement on ‘Cory’s glowing legacy’ a grave insult to farmers, says KMP By Charlie V. Manalo 04/28/2012
HLI statement on ‘Cory’s glowing legacy’ a grave insult to farmers, says KMP
A militant farmers’ group has branded as “grave insult” to the farm workers’ struggle the Cojuangco family’s claim that the distribution of Hacienda Luisita to its farmer-beneficiaries as a “glowing legacy” of the late President Corazon “Cory” Cojuangco-Aquino.
“Only two days after the Supreme Court ruling, the Cojuangco-Aquinos are already maneuvering to distort the historical facts,” the Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP) yesterday said in a statement in reaction to the claims of Antonio Ligon, counsel for Hacienda Luisita Inc. (HLI), who claimed that the late President “made decisive moves to place Hacienda Luisita in the 1980s under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) although the preference of farmer-beneficiaries for stock distribution option (SDO) prevailed in at least three referendums over land distribution.”.... MORE
UK: M’nao peace accord ‘possible’ but more hard work to be done By Michaela P. del Callar 04/28/2012
UK: M’nao peace accord ‘possible’ but more hard work to be done
The United Kingdom, a key player in the Mindanao peace process, yesterday welcomed the breakthrough in the negotiations between the Philippine government and Muslim rebels as a sign that a final peace agreement may be forged soon.
British Ambassador to the Philippines Stephen Lillie admitted “there is still a lot of hard work to be done to reach a final agreement in Mindanao,” but the leap forward in the talks between the two sides indicates that the signing of a final accord is “possible.”
On Tuesday, the government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, the country’s largest Muslim rebel group, signed a 10-point agreement, outlining key elements they have agreed on, such as the creation of a political body in place of the existing Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)..... MORE
Export Bank collapses; BSP takes over control 04/28/2012
Export Bank collapses; BSP takes over control
Mid-size Export Import Bank was placed under government control after declaring a bank holiday yesterday after it admitted that it cannot service its liabilities with depositors and creditors.
The bank was hoping for a rescue from the country’s biggest lender Bando de Oro Universal Bank owned by the group of businessman Henry Sy but negotiations fell through yesterday forcing the bank to declare a bank holiday.
The bank wrote the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) admitting that it does not have sufficient assets to meet its obligations and unable to continue operations without incurring losses to depositors and creditors..... MORE
Use of CRs in QC now free for elderly, PWDs 04/28/2012
Use of CRs in QC now free for elderly, PWDs
An ordinance has been signed into law which prohibits any person or business establishment in Quezon City from charging any fee to senior citizens, persons with disabilities (PWDs) and expectant mothers for the use of restrooms or comfort rooms (CRs).
The Tribune was told that Mayor Herbert “Bistek” Bautista approved the measure which was authored by Councilors Alexis Herrera and Alfredo Vargas III.
Under the new ordinance, a fine of P5,000 or imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year, or both, at the discretion of the court shall be imposed on any person or business establishment owner who will violate the ordinance..... MORE
Gov’t hit for toying with health, lives of Filipino consumers 04/28/2012 As the United States scrambled on Wednesday to contain the fallout from the discovery of mad-cow disease in California, the Aquino administration through the Department of Agriculture (DA) announced that it would continue to import meat from the US. Bayan Muna Rep. Teddy Casiño pointed out to do so is very risky and the government is toying with the health and lives of Filipino consumers. “South Korean retailers already suspended sale of US beef, saying they would wait to see what action the government takes,” Casiño said. “But is Malacañang waiting for someone to be infected here before it will take action?”
Gov’t hit for toying with health, lives of Filipino consumers
As the United States scrambled on Wednesday to contain the fallout from the discovery of mad-cow disease in California, the Aquino administration through the Department of Agriculture (DA) announced that it would continue to import meat from the US.
Bayan Muna Rep. Teddy Casiño pointed out to do so is very risky and the government is toying with the health and lives of Filipino consumers.
“South Korean retailers already suspended sale of US beef, saying they would wait to see what action the government takes,” Casiño said. “But is Malacañang waiting for someone to be infected here before it will take action?”.... MORE
Stallman: CISPA 'nearly abolishes' the right not t...
Satellite images show activity at N. Korea nuclear...
Police vs Protester: Feds sending armed agents to ...
Police fired live bullets during clash in Parañaqu...
China involves military in Scarborough tiff with R...
HLI statement on ‘Cory’s glowing legacy’ a grave i...
UK: M’nao peace accord ‘possible’ but more hard wo...
Export Bank collapses; BSP takes over control 04/...
Use of CRs in QC now free for elderly, PWDs 04/28...
Gov’t hit for toying with health, lives of Filipin...
Covid: Church of England services hit by pandemic - More than half of the Church of England's 14,000 parishes will not open for Sunday services later.
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Find Equation Of Circle With Center And Tangent Line Calculator
Calculate the slope of the normal nn of the curve aa at point K. Note that this line has a slope of 1 We also know that the slope of any circle centred at (x_1,y_1) at the point (x,y) is given by: -(y-y_1)/(x-x_1. The tangent to a circle at A(2,5) is perpendicular to the radius of. The calculation of the coordinates of the point P has two steps: Calculate the slope of the tangent tt of point K on pitch curve, aa. To find an equation tangent to. 425 centimeters exactly or limited to de precision of this calculator (13 decimal places). The y intercept c here will be 6 making the equation of line M y = 6. Equation of a cirle. To find the equation of circle when the centre and radius are given. Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 which are (i) perpendicular and (ii) parallel to the line x + y = 8. How does the calculator find values of sine (or cosine or tangent)? Exactly what happens when I type the sine (or cos or tan etc for that matter) of an angle into my calculator? I type it in and it magically gives me an answer, a number that is essentially unrelated to the angle I inputed. The equation of any circle centered at the origin is: where is a real number that represents the measure of the radius. Find the equation of circle which touches the axis of x at a distance 3 from the origin and intercepts of length 6 unit on the. To convert Newton Meters to in/lbs and ft/lbs, use the equations Thank you for taking the time to browse this website. If you know two points that a line passes through, this page will show you how to find the equation of the line. In this case there aren't any terms in x. It is a set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a given point, called the center. The fastest way to get the right answer is to use the Texas Instrument BA II Plus. P is the point with x-coordinate of 2. Previous Frequency Trees Practice Questions. Equation of circle: x^2 +y^2 -6x+4y+5 = 0 Completing the squares: (x-3)^2 +(y+2)^2 = 8 Radius of circle: square root of 8 Center of circle: (3, 2) The tangent lines touches the circle on the x. Center on line x=3, tangent y-axis at (0, 5) The circle will have its center at (3, 5) and since it is tangent to the y axis, the radius will be 3sothe equation is (x - 3)^2 + (y - 5)^2 = 9. This arctan calculator converts a value to its inverse tangent. Givens: A circle k with center F1, a point F2 inside the circle, and a point P on the circle. How to find the center of a circle with compass and straightedge or ruler. Free Circle Center calculator - Calculate circle center given equation step-by-step This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience. The constant distance is called the radius, r of the circle. The Tangent Secant Theorem explains a relationship between a tangent and a secant of the same circle. Write down the equation of the circle. A circle in 3D is parameterized by six numbers: two for the orientation of its unit normal vector, one for the radius, and three for the circle center. Return the arc tangent of x, in radians. y=12/5x -31/5 = -5/12. In some cases with unequal arcs you might have to find that angle by extending tangent lines from the two points of contact back to their intersection. y= 12/5x- 96/5+13 =12/sx +68-96/5. Find the equation of the circle given that the centre is at (1,2) and the point (3,5) lies on the circle. Give the NumWorks graphing calculator a try with our online simulator. By using this website, you agree to our Cookie Policy. it should be Y=(4/3)X. 425 centimeters exactly or limited to de precision of this calculator (13 decimal places). 1) We use pythagorus theorem on the triangle defined by the point (x,y) and the two axes. There are no numbers, but don't panic. Indeed, it is clear that whenever one line intersects one circle, the tangent line to the circle (at the point of intersection) and the line are perpendicular or orthogonal. Assume the tangent line touches the circle at point Q. In order to factor the original equation, we will need to add a "magic number" to BOTH sides of the equation. Sending completion. The calculator will generate a step by step explanations and circle graph. For example, if you put a Also think about this: A line being tangent in one point may very well intersect the graph in some other point. We know the slope and can find c because we know that when x = 2, y = √5, so. 00-radius arc must be constructed tangent to the 1. Consider the general equation a circle is given by. Another tangent line equation example. Series Calculator computes sum of a series over the given interval. Line OO' is perpendicular to line XZ. Here you can solve systems of simultaneous linear equations using Gauss-Jordan Elimination Calculator with complex numbers online for free with a very detailed solution. The calculator above finds the value of your derivative order input by using the process known as implicit differentiation. Find the equation of the circle that is tangent to the x-axis and the circle is at (-7,4). employment. We derive the equation of tangent linefor a circle with radius r. Find a free selection of printer-friendly downloadables through the link! And finally, did you know this simple math trick?!?! Trigonometry calculator solves for all 6 trigonometric functions and for all 6 trigonometric arcfunctions, the double line display Graphs of Functions and Systems of Equations. A tangent is a line that intersects the circle at exactly one point. Next a circle with radius r centered at (x3, y3) can be described by the parametric equations x = r*cos(t). This is a Yes/No DS question where we need to see if line M runs The slope of a line parallel to the X axis is 0 and the equation of this line will be y = c. The equation of any circle centered at the origin is: where is a real number that represents the measure of the radius. Logic calculator: Server-side Processing. Long diagonals and bisecting lines coincide, they intersect with the median lines and with centroid, circumcircle and incircle center in one point. The procedure is easier if the x-value for one of the points is 0, which means the point is on the y-axis. Find where the unit circle, defined by \(x=\cos t\) and \(y=\sin t\) on \([0,2\pi]\), has vertical and horizontal tangent lines. The quality of result depends heavily on the quality of edges you can find. Solution: Step 1: Determine the slope of the tangent line. What is the equation of the tangent at D? Solution. y = A·tan(B(x - C)) + D. It also outputs direction vector and displays line. Let us know what you think in the Comments! Solution below. BYJU'S online equation of a circle calculator tool makes the calculation faster, and it displays the equation in a fraction of seconds. here it goes. But since this is the polar coordinate equation of a curve, it is not clear whether you want the maximum value of r (greatest distance from the origin) as you seem to be saying, or something else (the highest point on the curve?). Show Instructions. To find an equation tangent to. To see what curve these equations define let's square and add x and y. A Tangent line to a circle, is a line that touches 1 point on the edge of the circle. 54990767, respectively. The equation of such a vertical tangent line is x = x0. find the equation of the line that crosses the origin and the point (3,4). Find the equation of the circle. But circle equations are often given in the general format of ax 2 + by 2 + cx + dy + e = 0, When you are given this general form of equation and told to find the center and radius of a circle, you will have to "complete the square" to convert the equation to center-radius form. Another tangent line equation example. The graph above shows a circle centred at the origin, O. Now, consider x = sin(t), y = cos(t); t [0, 2]. The slope of 2x-y+1=0 is 2 so. y = mx + a √(1 + m 2) here "m" stands for slope of the tangent,. The line 2x+y=3 is a tangent to the circle. Set the derivative equal to. Graph a Circle - powered by WebMath. I find the interface too confusing to use. Note that this line has a slope of 1 We also know that the slope of any circle centred at (x_1,y_1) at the point (x,y) is given by: -(y-y_1)/(x-x_1. Arithmetic & Geometric Sequences Calculator. The tangent is perpendicular to the radius which joins the centre of the circle to the. Therefore, the radius is 4. Find the sine of twice this angle and three times this angle. Where There Are No Tangent Lines. y = mx + a √(1 + m 2) here "m" stands for slope of the tangent,. ( k can be any whole number ). Find A, C, r and d of a circle. Find the equation of the circle with centre (—6, 1) and having the line x + y + 1 as a tangent. The equation of the tangent to a circle. Check your work using the step-by-step explanation and. Search for: Contact us. Quadratic Equation Calculator. Example: Plot (x−4) 2 + (y−2) 2 = 25 So the center is at (4,2) , and the radius is √25 = 5. Using the center point and the radius, you can find the equation of the circle using the general circle formula (x-h)* (x-h) + (y-k)* (y-k) = r*r, where (h,k) is the center of your circle and r is the radius. This is where the circle closes, the one extreme (fucking awesome) meets the other extreme (mentally disabled). The calculator will generate a step by step explanations and circle graph. We say the two curves are orthogonal at the point of intersection. To calculate the tangent of an angle in gradians, you must first select the desired unit by clicking on the options button calculation module. A hydrocarbon contains 17. This is pretty simple. At this point the textbook hasn't introduced trigonometric functions as well as. Pythagorean theorem calculator. We compute the derivative following Key Idea 37:. The vector in the plane from the origin to point (x, y) makes this angle with the positive X axis. The constant distance is called the radius, r of the circle. y=12/5x -31/5 = -5/12. Hence, this question asks us to find r^2. com In this video playlist I show you how to solve different math problems for Algebra, Geometry, Algebra 2 and Pre-Calculus. OUR GOAL: To find the standard form of the given circle equation by factoring. Recognise and use the equation of a circle with centre at the origin and the equation of a tangent to a circle. Quiz 3Find the equations of the circles with the following properties. Find the equation of the circle with centre (—6, 1) and having the line x + y + 1 as a tangent. Therefore, the slope is. For each tangent line, give the point of tangency and the equation of the line; for the normal lines, give only the points of normalcy. Primary Study Cards. Find the equation of the line tangent to the circle with center at C(3,1) at point (6,-9). If we choose the form (x - a)2 + ( - b)2 = r2, the first condition is (2 - a)2 + (- 1 - )2 = 72, or a2 + b2 4 a + 2 b + 5 = r2. So to find the equation of the circle, all you need to do is find the radius. The Integral Calculator supports definite and indefinite integrals (antiderivatives) as well as You find some configuration options and a proposed problem below. The calculation of the coordinates of the point P has two steps: Calculate the slope of the tangent tt of point K on pitch curve, aa. To find the equation of the second parallel tangent. Find the value of x to the nearest tenth. A tangent to a circle is a line that touches a circle at only one point. Vocabulary Tip Key Concepts Theorem 12-1 If a line is tangent to a circle, then the line is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of tangency. rm=2, 2=− c. To find the equation of a tangent to a circle centre (0,0) and radius R at the point (x 1,y 1). (b) Find the equation of the tangent line at any point on the curve. - 1523987. Using the center point and the radius, you can find the equation of the circle using the general circle formula (x-h)* (x-h) + (y-k)* (y-k) = r*r, where (h,k) is the center of your circle and r is the radius. A circle in 3D is parameterized by six numbers: two for the orientation of its unit normal vector, one for the radius, and three for the circle center. This calculator is helping me get up the learning curve and get my experiment under way. 5811 The standard equation for a circle is (x - h) 2 + (y - k) 2 = r 2 Plugging in our numbers, we get: (x - 1. The discriminant can determine the nature of intersections between two circles or a circle and a line to prove for tangency. Tutorials on equation of circle (2). Free Circle Center calculator - Calculate circle center given equation step-by-step This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience. The tangent to a circle at A(2,5) is perpendicular to the radius of. To find the equation of the second parallel tangent. com's Equation of a Line – Find the equation of a line by entering two points. It is a line which touches a circle or ellipse at just one point. Confirm your results with the circumference calculator. Recognise and use the equation of a circle with centre at the origin and the equation of a tangent to a circle. As tangents drawn from a point are. Select two equations to find the point(s) of intersection in the current graph. In general, you can skip the multiplication sign, so `5x` is equivalent to `5*x`. The same reciprocal relation exists between a point P outside the circle and the secant line joining its two points of tangency. Shear force diagrams, bending moment diagrams. Example 3Quadratic SystemsFind the standard equation of the circle passing through the point(7, 9) tangent to the x-axis and has its center on the. A standard circle with center the origin (0,0), has equation x 2 + y 2 = r 2. The constant distance is called the radius, r of the circle. The intersection points of straight line with ellipse M1(x1,y1) and M2(x2,y2) are solutions of the initial system of equations. Write down the equation of the circle. Find the slope m1 of line LT. The equation of any circle centered at the origin is: where is a real number that represents the measure of the radius. He hoped the _ agency would find him a job. This diagram shows the circumference, diameter, center, and radius on a circle. The radius is typically denoted as "r" or "R". The equation of a circle with center (h, k) and passing through (a, b) is. A circle is tangent to both the x and y axes and the line x+y=8. Find the cosine and tangent without tables or the trig functions on your calculator. “I missed those years of. It also outputs direction vector and displays line. Consider the following problem: Find the equation of the line tangent to f (x)=x2at x =2. 1) A circle has equation x 2 + y 2 = 34. In general, you can skip the multiplication sign, so `5x` is equivalent to `5*x`. We know that the line y=x+2 is a tangent to this circle. FIND: Radius of circle on those 3 points & Circle center co-ordinatesBookmark: Question: Can someone provide a. A circle can be thought of as a graphed line that curves in both its x and y values. The general equation of a circle with the center at and radius is , where. Being so simple, it is a great way to learn and talk about lengths and angles. py and in a terminal window, we can. From point D outside the circle, two tangent through D to the the circle of center C may be found(see figure 1 below). You can think of it as the line that defines the shape. Since RQ is tangent to the circle, we know that angle ∠ORQ is 90°. The slope of the tangent line is the value of the derivative at the point of tangency. The unit circle is a circle with a radius of 1. The distance between the centers of the two circles is equal to the distance (orange line) between the center of the big circle and the point of tangency plus the distance (blue line) between the center of the small circle and the point of tangency. Thus, median we can see that, the relationship betwee. Examples (1. Diameter:18. there can be 4 possible sets of points (red points) but there are only two correct intersection points (green points) in order to match the correct points we can substitute the points x and y into the circle and line equation and see. To operate the calculator, enter the x-y-z coordinates for four points. If a line is tangent to circle, then it is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of tangency. Properties, Graph and Equation of a circle centered at 1,-4 and a raidus of 10 Properties. Tangent calculator to easily calculate the tan function of any angle. When calculating least squares regressions by hand, the first step is to find the means of the dependent and independent variables. Pythagorean theorem calculator. O is the center of the circle. We'll start writing our program at the point where the human enters the After writing our two lines, we should save the program before we run it. On this page you will find: a complete list of all of our math worksheets relating to geometry. Solution 1. You can pick up your objects from the station in question. 62/87,21 Use the intersecting tangent and secant segments to find the value of a. Since RQ is tangent to the circle, we know that angle ∠ORQ is 90°. freemathvideos. The calculator also converts a complex tan/tg. It is a straight line perpendicular to the radius line coming from the center point. Figure 6-17 The tangent point, P, of a roller to the disk cam. The result of circle detection using Hough transform is shown below. Volume formulas are derived and used to calculate the volumes of The length of a line segment from one side of a circle to the other passing through the center is known as the diameter. 4- find the equation of the perpendicular:. The result is between -pi and pi. We know that the line M is the tangent to the circle with center say C (3,4). This is a Yes/No DS question where we need to see if line M runs The slope of a line parallel to the X axis is 0 and the equation of this line will be y = c. A hydrocarbon contains 17. with center C = (3, 1) at the point P when: (a) P = (8, 13) y 2-y 1 / x 2-x 1 = 13-1/8-3= 12/5 (y-13)=12/5 (x-8) y-13=12/5x-12/5 *8. The radius of a circle is the line that you can draw from the center of the circle to its outer edge. Equation of a circle in various forms, Equations of tangent, Normal and chord, Parametric equations of. A circle of radius length contains the point (—5, 0). The sine, cosine and tangent of negative angles can be defined as well. Having a graph is helpful when trying to visualize the tangent line. My math homework is finding an equation of the circle. When finding equations for tangent lines, check the answers. Least-Squares Circle Calculator. Loading Tangent Line Calculator. A scientific calculator is not meant to graph equations and generally lacks the screen necessary to display a graph. What is this calculator for? Can I embed this on my website? How do I solve a linear congruence equation manually? How do I solve a linear congruence equation manually? The calculations are somewhat involved. The calculator will generate a step by step explanations and circle graph. Now, we draw an image according to the information given. How to express the standard form equation of a circle of a given radius. A tangent is always perpendicular to the radius of a circle. You can also use your computer's keyboard. With these formulas and definitions in mind you can find the equation of a tangent line. Learn why the Circle Hough Transform in an important feature extractor for detection round circle Now let's move to something just a little bit more complicated, circles. Solution: Step 1: Determine the slope of the tangent line. the circle which passes through A. Our center is (0,0) since the equation for the circle is x^2 + y^2 = 25. Practice Questions; Post navigation. Shown below is the graph of the circle, the line and the two points of intersection. To find the slope and equation of a line tangent to a certain point, you must: First find the slope of the function by differentiation. with center C = (3, 1) at the point P when: (a) P = (8, 13) y 2-y 1 / x 2-x 1 = 13-1/8-3= 12/5 (y-13)=12/5 (x-8) y-13=12/5x-12/5 *8. Using the law of sines makes it possible to find unknown angles and sides of a triangle given enough information. The line l crosses the x-axis at the point Q. Tangent Circle Formula. Find the Equation of the Tangent Line to the Ellipse. I don't know how to solve this since our professor didn't teach this to us. Equation of a tangent at a point of a translated circle (x - p) 2 + (y - q) 2 = r2 The direction vector of the tangent at the point P1 (x1, y1), of a circle whose center is at the point S (p, q), and the direction vector of the normal, are perpendicular, so their scalar product is zero. Tutorials on equation of circle (2). 1 Educator Answer Find equations of the tangent lines to the curve y=(x-1)/(x+1) that are parallel to the line x −. The long diagonal is the line between two opposite vertices. The Eqns/Coords tool in theGeoMaster MEAS menu on the TI-84 Plus calculator can be used to find the equation of a line, the equation of a circle, or the coordinates of an already constructed point. The derivative of a function has many applications to problems in calculus. Find the equation of the tangent line of a circle centered at (0,0) and radius r, with slope m. Find intersection points between a Line & Circle. Assume the angle between the line connecting P1 and P2 and the tangent line is theta. To calculate the equations of these lines we shall make use of the fact that the equation of a straight line passing through the point with coordinates (x1,y1) and having gradient m is given by y − y1. Examples and information on the input syntax. Log InorSign Up. The result is between -pi/2 and pi/2. Tangent Lines to Implicit Curves. Find the equation of circle which touches the axis of x at a distance 3 from the origin and intercepts of length 6 unit on the. When calculating least squares regressions by hand, the first step is to find the means of the dependent and independent variables. Two lines are perpendicular to each other if the product of their slopes is -1. The tangent line never crosses the circle, it just touches the circle. To find a horizontal tangent, you must find a point at which the slope of a curve is zero, which takes about 10 minutes when using a calculator. Lines and line segments are not the only geometric figures that can form tangents. In some cases with unequal arcs you might have to find that angle by extending tangent lines from the two points of contact back to their intersection. This online calculator can find and plot equation of a straight line passing through the two given points. Area of Equilateral triangle inscribed in a Circle of radius R. Therefore, if we know the slope of a line connecting the center of our circle to the point (5, 3) we can use this to find the slope of our tangent line. Consider two families of curves and. The centre of a circle is (4,0). URL copied to clipboard. By using this website, you agree to our Cookie Policy. Line OO' is perpendicular to line XZ. We know that the line y=x+2 is a tangent to this circle. If you sketch it, it seems to be a point that's at a 45 degree angle, the tangent line with slope of 1. Precentage increase calculator. Hence, the equation of the circle is. The tangent of an angle is the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the adjacent side: so called because it can be represented as a line segment tangent to the circle, that is the line that touches the circle, from Latin linea tangens or touching line (cf. 9) Center: (13 , −13) Radius: 4 10) Center: (−13 , −16) Point on Circle: (−10 , −16) 11) Ends of a diameter: (18 , −13) and (4, −3) 12) Center: (10 , −14) Tangent to x = 13 13) Center lies in the first quadrant Tangent to x = 8, y = 3, and x = 14 14) Center: (0, 13). Area of Equilateral triangle inscribed in a Circle of radius R. Find the equation of the circle given that the centre is at (1,2) and the point (3,5) lies on the circle. we can do this using the second point given, by putting it into. The calculator also converts a complex tan/tg. This is the equation of the unit circle and so we have found a parameterization of the unit circle. The problem is actually very simple. It also outputs slope and intercept parameters and displays line on a graph. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the object whose equation or coordinates you want to find and press [ENTER]. The two points are (1,-1) and (37/13, 11/13). Hello, I ran into a problem in my pre-cal textbook that want me to find the center of circle with two tangent lines. This discussion will focus on the center-radius form. Note: Because during the solution we get two values for x coordinate and two values for y coordinate, it is important to match the correct values for x and y. To improve this 'Plane equation given three points Calculator', please fill in questionnaire. (b) Find the equation of the tangent line at any point on the curve. It is a line which touches a circle or ellipse at just one point. Problem Answer: The equation of the circle is x^2 + y^2 + 8x + 10y - 12 = 0. As tangents drawn from a point are. If you need it quickly, I think the simplest implementation would be using circle-circle intersection to find the 2 tangent points -- something like this. If it is greater then 0 the line intersects the sphere at two points. Discover Topics. If the slope of the line perpendicular to that is p, then t*p=-1, or p=-1/t. curve measured from tangent at PC or PT dc Deflection angle required from tangent to a circular curve to any other point on a circular curve C Total Chord length, or long chord, for a circular curve C´ Chord length between any two points on a circular curve T Distance along semi-Tangent from the point of intersection of the. We updated the beam calculator interface and added additional features for calculating beams (calculation of statically indeterminate beams, image saving and section selection)!. Quadratic equation solver. A hydrocarbon contains 17. (x + 4)2 + (y - 2)2 =25 is of the form (x - h)2+ (y - k)2 = r2with center (h, k) and radius r thus this is a circle with center ( - 4, 2 ) and raview the full answer. If you want to find the tangent on the point x, you do three things: Insert x into the function. The constant distance is called the radius, r of the circle. 23 13 32 21 33 xy yx yx += =− + =− + 13 3. You can use the calculator below to find the equation of a line from any two points. Tangent Line - A straight line that passes through a point on a function and has the same slope as that function at that point. The center of the circle must be equidistant from any of the points on the circumference. Given any 1 known variable of a circle, calculate the other 3 unknowns. com's Equation of a Line – Find the equation of a line by entering two points. Check your work using the step-by-step explanation and. We compute the derivative following Key Idea 37:. This function is also known as the The calculator uses an approximation! In fact, calculators and computers use approximations all the time to since the linear approximation of at is defined using the equation of the tangent line, the. Find the equation of the circle with The calculator will generate a step by step explanations How To Find The Perpendicular Bisector Of Two Points 8 Steps. Find the sine and cosine of an angle exactly twice that of question 7. Camera surveillance, alcohol and cannabis bans, reporting crime, lost and found items, domestic violence, municipal enforcers. A tangent to a circle at point P with coordinates \((x, y)\) is a straight line that touches the circle at P. The procedure is easier if the x-value for one of the points is 0, which means the point is on the y-axis. to find if two circles are congruent or. Calculus: Tangent Line & Derivative. Example: Plot (x−4) 2 + (y−2) 2 = 25 So the center is at (4,2) , and the radius is √25 = 5. The following diagrams show the Radius Tangent Theorem and the Two-Tangent Theorem. Please note that I have deliberately removed checks for lines parallel with the Y axis (Such lines don't have a slope) and other edge cases for better readability in this example. Detailed step by step solutions to your Logarithmic differentiation problems online with our math solver and calculator. Our task for this particular problem is to determine the specific value for that will make our circle tangent to Fact: Any line tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius at the point of tangency. We usually use the distance formula for finding the length of sides of polygons if we know coordinates of their vertices. there can be 4 possible sets of points (red points) but there are only two correct intersection points (green points) in order to match the correct points we can substitute the points x and y into the circle and line equation and see. Calculus, Derivatives Calculus, Integration Calculus, Quotient Rule Coins, Counting Combinations, Finding all Complex Numbers, Adding of Complex Numbers, Calculating with Complex Numbers. 1) 16 12 8 B A Tangent 2) 6. The "Unit Circle" is a circle with a radius of 1. we need to find the first derviative of this equation with respect to to get the slope of the tangent line. It also shows plots of the function and illustrates the domain and range on a number line to enhance your mathematical intuition. In this case, we can explore the nature of polygons. The equation of a line is typically written as y=mx+b where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. Suppose $$x^2 + y^2 = 16$$. First: Find the slope. We know the slope and can find c because we know that when x = 2, y = √5, so. Divide each term by and simplify. The equation of the tangent line can be found using the formula y - y 1 = m (x - x 1), where m is the slope and (x 1, y 1) is the coordinate points of the line. 4- find the equation of the perpendicular:. Useful for knowing what color temperature a certain color point corresponds In the graphic below, you will find iso-CCT lines for various CCT values. Answer Save. To improve this 'Plane equation given three points Calculator', please fill in questionnaire. Log InorSign Up. The read line is a tangent cause it just touches the graph in one point without intersecting it. This page will show you how to calculate various things that pertain to a circle. Arithmetic & Geometric Sequences Calculator. y=12/5x -31/5 = -5/12. The tangent line t and the tangent point T have a conjugate relationship to one another, which has been generalized into the idea of pole points and polar lines. the line perpendicular to that line is also tangent to that point since that is the only point that the circle and that line intersect. I find the equation of a line everytime by following the same three steps To find the slope of the line passing through these two points we need to use the slope formula. Note that horizontal tangent lines are classified as non-vertical tangent lines. Circumference Calculation Explained. The distance between (-4,6) and (-4,0) is 6 so the radius is 6. Tangent Line Calculator Tangent Line Calculator Conic Sections: Circle. These calculators are best used to check your work, or to compute a complicated problem. Such a circle will intersect the curve at. We can solve these three using the method of simultaneous equations, and then put all this information into equation (i). Using implicit differentiation to calculate a derivative is useful when the dependent variable is not isolated on one side of the equation (usually y is the dependent variable). Set the derivative equal to. It also outputs slope and intercept parameters and displays line on a graph. To graph a circle, visit the circle graphing calculator (choose the "Implicit" option). As we see here something amazing happened. By using this website, you agree to our Cookie Policy. Find the Equation of the Tangent Line to the Ellipse. Find an equation(s) of the circle(s) of radius 4 with center on the line 4x +3y + 7 = 0 and tangent to 3x + 4y + 34 = 0? Circles. First: Find the slope. Square Root Calculator that is quick and interactive. Where sides a, b, c, and angles A, B, C are as depicted in the above calculator, the law of sines can be written as shown below. The line 2x+y=3 is a tangent to the circle. It can handle horizontal and vertical tangent lines as well. Calculators work best when a human provides equations for the computer to solve. My math homework is finding an equation of the circle. the slope of the radius is -1/2 and you can now find the equation of the radius. The problem is actually very simple. Tangent to x = −17 22) Center: (−2, 12) Use the information provided to write the standard form equation of each circle. ASTROGRAPH - The Planetary Aspects. This is the equation of the unit circle and so we have found a parameterization of the unit circle. Distance calculator will give the length of the line segment `overline{AB}`. Infant Growth Charts - Baby Percentiles Overtime Pay Rate Calculator Salary Hourly Pay Converter - Jobs Percent Off - Sale Discount Calculator Pay Raise Increase Calculator Linear Interpolation Calculator Dog Age Calculator Ideal Gas Law Calculator Bank Discount Equations Calculator Circle Equations Calculator Trigonometry Equations Calculator. Solution 1. Face Centered. 5_Implicit_Differentiation. To apply this to two dimensions, that is, the intersection of a line and a circle simply remove the z component from the above mathematics. Assume the angle between the line connecting P1 and P2 and the tangent line is theta. , thus, equation of the circle ( x - 1) 2 + ( y - 20) 2 = 289. Center:(1,-4) The center of a circle is a point from which all points on a circle are the same distance. Mathematicians use the letter r for the length of a circle's radius. This is where the circle closes, the one extreme (fucking awesome) meets the other extreme (mentally disabled). The Derivative Calculator lets you calculate derivatives of functions online — for free! Our calculator allows you to check your solutions to calculus exercises. A tangent line touches the curve at one point and has the same slope as the curve does at that point. all such lines that touch both Thus, this algorithm can also be used to find tangents to a circle passing through a given point. Related topics include central angles, tangent segments to a circle, and chords. And so with that information, I want you to pause the video and see if you can figure out the equation for this circle. A hydrocarbon contains 17. freemathvideos. Given these two points, we can determine the center and the radius of the circle. Radius 5, tangent to y-axis; contain (10,7) 4. A tangent intersects a circle in exactly one place. We have the most sophisticated and comprehensive TI 84 type graphing calculator online. site:example. Extra options. Therefore, the slope is. x 2 + y 2 = cos 2 (t) + sin 2 (t) = 1. equation of the secant line calculator: find the equation of the secant line calculator: secant formula for columns: tangent and secant of a circle formulas:. I don't use my account anymore. Free Circle Center calculator - Calculate circle center given equation step-by-step This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience. We updated the beam calculator interface and added additional features for calculating beams (calculation of statically indeterminate beams, image saving and section selection)!. Finding distances involving circles and lines. Equation of the line passing through two different points on plane. Find the value of x to the nearest tenth. Learn why the Circle Hough Transform in an important feature extractor for detection round circle Now let's move to something just a little bit more complicated, circles. The lines are defined by an origin point and a radian of what direction they are slanted in. Using the center point and the radius, you can find the equation of the circle using the general circle formula (x-h)*(x-h) + (y-k)*(y-k) = r*r, where (h,k) is th. Form a right triangle with one of the tangent lines as a leg, the radius line as the other leg, and the bisecting line as the hypotenuse. If you want to find the tangent on the point x, you do three things: Insert x into the function. employment. Draw your own sketches to help you with these. First use the coordinate of the center to start building your equation. Finding the Equation of a Tangent Line. But circle equations are often given in the general format of ax 2 + by 2 + cx + dy + e = 0, When you are given this general form of equation and told to find the center and radius of a circle, you will have to "complete the square" to convert the equation to center-radius form. This little orangeish, or, I guess, maroonish-red point right over here is the center of the circle, and then this blue point is a point that happens to sit on the circle. Quiz 3Find the equations of the circles with the following properties. So, the slope will be the negative inverse-1 / 0. This line will contain the center point of the circle. The center is a point on the radius of the circle which is perpendicular to the line tangent to the circle. Examples (1. How to solve an equation? dCode calculator can solve equations (or inequations or other mathematical formula) and find unknown variables. The radius is typically denoted as "r" or "R". Points A, B, C, and D are on the circle. как " css 3 column layout fluid center - я не обманываю вас этим, там. This line will contain the center point of the circle. How could we find the derivative of y in this instance ?. Equation of circle given center and tangent line Write the equation for a circle which has its center at (1, 2) and is tangent to the line -3x+2y= 14 Solve algebraically. Equation of a tangent at a point of a translated circle (x - p) 2 + (y - q) 2 = r2 The direction vector of the tangent at the point P1 (x1, y1), of a circle whose center is at the point S (p, q), and the direction vector of the normal, are perpendicular, so their scalar product is zero. Mind the special case: A tangent line in an ininflection point does cross the graph of the function. If it equals 0 then the line is a tangent to the sphere intersecting it at one point, namely at u = -b/2a. 1) A circle has equation x 2 + y 2 = 34. at the point (2,3). Radius 4, tangent to x-axis; contain (-5,8) 3. The calculator uses an approximation! In fact, calculators and computers use approximations all the time to evaluate mathematical For example, the area of a circle is calculated by measuring the radius of the circle. Since the circle is given as tangent to the y-axis the distance from the center to the y-axis (i. Find intersection points between a Line & Circle. Then {P1,Q,P2} forms a right triangle, with hypotenuse as the edge {P1,P2}. We begin with two circles, one inside of the other, and a given point of tangency, C, on the large circle. A Treatise on the Construction, Properties, and Analogies of. As P moves around the circle, the traces of Q is a ellipse with focus F1 and F2 and dist[F1,P] being its distance sum, and the line t is its tangent at Q. So, due to power rule. The Sine Law. To find the center of a circle, start by drawing a straight line between 2 points on the circle. Find the standard form of the equation of the circle with center (-2,4) and tangent to the line y = 2 The standard form of the equation of this circle is. Find an equation of the line tangent to the circle. † Note to flnd the equation of a circle you need two items: the center and the radius. Our center is (0,0) since the equation for the circle is x^2 + y^2 = 25. More References and links Step by Step Math Worksheets SolversNew ! Find Points Of Intersection of Circle and Line - Calculator. The angle formed by the intersection of two secants, two tangents, or one tangent or one secant. #mathematics #mathmaniacs #imaginary #calculus #algebra #notation…". y = mx + a √(1 + m 2) here "m" stands for slope of the tangent,. Where sides a, b, c, and angles A, B, C are as depicted in the above calculator, the law of sines can be written as shown below. Step 1 Identify the center and radius of the circle. Level 1 Level 2 Exam-Style Description Help More Graphs. Ex 6: Write the equation of the line tangent to the circle x 2+ y = 29 at the point (2, 5). If two tangents from touch points B and C on the same circle are not parallel, they intersect at point A and the point of contact between the segment and the point of intersection of a tangent is the same segment on a different tangent:. Consider two families of curves and. Article Summary X. These are denoted as h,k & l (the plane is denoted as (hkl) ). 5 1 2 7) 16? 12 20 8) 6. Finding the Equation of a Tangent Line. Equation to solve (one per line). Our math calculators are interactive and unique. Please note that I have deliberately removed checks for lines parallel with the Y axis (Such lines don't have a slope) and other edge cases for better readability in this example. To be able to graph a tangent equation in general form, we need to first understand how each of the constants affects the original graph of y=tan(x), as shown above. com In this video playlist I show you how to solve different math problems for Algebra, Geometry, Algebra 2 and Pre-Calculus. To find an equation tangent to. How To Graph a Circle Equation. The line l is a tangent to the circle x 2 + y = 90 at the point P. y= 12/5x- 96/5+13 =12/sx +68-96/5. A line external to a circle, passing through one point on the circle, is a tangent. Finally, to calculate the circle's radius, we use this formula: radius = Square Root [(x1 -xCtr)^2 + (y1 -yCtr)^2)] where (x1, y1) can be any of the three points but let's use (9, 2) radius = Square Root [(9 -7)^2 + (2 --2)^2)] radius = Square Root [(2)^2. To find all possible solutions we need to add k∙360° to both solutions. Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point (3,4). Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 which are (i) perpendicular and (ii) parallel to the line x + y = 8. The second equation graphs a straight line; the fourth equation is the familiar slope-intercept form; the last equation graphs a parabola. A line passing through two points on a circle is called a secant. Tangents of Circles - finding angles involving tangents and circles, example problems of determining unknown values using the properties of a tangent Tangent to Circle Theorem A line is tangent to a circle if and only if the line is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of tangency. When finding equations for tangent lines, check the answers. Learn why the Circle Hough Transform in an important feature extractor for detection round circle Now let's move to something just a little bit more complicated, circles. Common Mistakes to Avoid: † In the equation of a circle, make sure that you subtract the. Lines and line segments are not the only geometric figures that can form tangents. Find the equation of the tangent line. In general, you can skip the multiplication sign, so `5x` is equivalent to `5*x`. REASONING When two chords intersect at the center of a circle, are the measures of the intercepting arcs. These are denoted as h,k & l (the plane is denoted as (hkl) ). Radius:9 The radius of a circle is the length of a line segment from its center to its perimeter. MathWorks develops, sells, and supports MATLAB and Simulink products. Without loss of generality, we could transform the coordinates of the given circle (with radius R), and the given point, such that the center of the circle is at the origin, and the new coordinates of the point are at (p,q). the linear approximation, or tangent line approximation, of at. Plotting the center on graph, we can see that the distance between the center and the x-axis is 4. The distance between (-4,6) and (-4,0) is 6 so the radius is 6. Tangent to a Circle with Center the Origin. Also shows how to use a graphing calculator to graph circle equations. One way is to find y as a function of x from the above equation, then differentiate to find the slope of the tangent line. Disclaimer: This calculator is not perfect. So it's the first part of the calculator. Logic calculator: Server-side Processing. Given a circle of radius 'r'. Next a circle with radius r centered at (x3, y3) can be described by the parametric equations x = r*cos(t). It moves onto plotting circles and finding the equation from a plot to tangents and normal using the radius. Let's begin by expanding through the parenthesis to get the standard form of the circle. Equation of a circle centre (0,0) and radius R. Remember that math calculators are a problem-solving tool, and should not replace conventional math skills. With slope crossing 3x+y=6 at its x-intercept Finite Mathematics and Applied Calculus (MindTap Course List). Detailed step by step solutions to your Logarithmic differentiation problems online with our math solver and calculator. This will work the same way as all the other problems. Add to both sides of the equation. When the integrand matches a known form, it applies fixed. Straight Lines. The tangent line through a point P on the circle is perpendicular to the diameter passing through P. Using the center point and the radius, you can find the equation of the circle using the general circle formula (x-h)* (x-h) + (y-k)* (y-k) = r*r, where (h,k) is the center of your circle and r is the radius. We do this because of an interesting quirk within linear regression lines - the line will always cross the point where the two means intersect. Equation of a circle in various forms, Equations of tangent, Normal and chord, Parametric equations of. Find the sine and cosine of an angle exactly twice that of question 7. O is the center of the circle. Let's begin by expanding through the parenthesis to get the standard form of the circle. A circle of radius length contains the point (—5, 0). You know circles are round. Finding Equation of Tangent Line to Circle. 1) We use pythagorus theorem on the triangle defined by the point (x,y) and the two axes. 5811 The standard equation for a circle is (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2. Using the same point on the line used to find the slope, plug in the coordinates for x1 and y1. Search for: Contact us. To find an equation tangent to. Now, from the center of the circle, measure the perpendicular distance to the tangent line. In general, you can skip the multiplication sign, so `5x` is equivalent to `5*x`. What are the equations of the circle? Find the equations of the common tangents to parabola and circle: Finding the tangent to a circle equation given the circle equation: equation of tangent to the circle. Find the equation of the circle with centre (1, 3) and having the line 3x + 4Y+ 10=0 as a tangent. ( k can be any whole number ). The procedure is easier if the x-value for one of the points is 0, which means the point is on the y-axis. First: Find the slope. The sine of a certain angle is 0. Free Circle Center calculator - Calculate circle center given equation step-by-step This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience. Suppose $$x^2 + y^2 = 16$$. If the circle rolls up along this tangent by 2 units then find its equation in the new position. Using the law of sines makes it possible to find unknown angles and sides of a triangle given enough information. Verifying your mobile number will make it easier for your contacts to find you on MEGA. Trigonometry: Wave Interference. This is the equation of the unit circle and so we have found a parameterization of the unit circle. Roughly zero the router at the intersection of the lines and the top of the spoilboard. Or, by proportion, Li = (Ri /R) L. Find an equation of the line tangent to the circle. Calculators work best when a human provides equations for the computer to solve. Useful for knowing what color temperature a certain color point corresponds In the graphic below, you will find iso-CCT lines for various CCT values. plug in our data:. A radius is a straight line going from the center of the circle to the circumference (edge) of the circle. A circle is tangent to the line 2x - y + 1 = 0 at the point (2, 5) and the center is on the line x + y = 9. (b) Find the equation of the tangent line at any point on the curve. Here is a set of practice problems to accompany the Tangent Lines and Rates of Change section of the Limits chapter of the notes for Paul Dawkins Calculus I If your device is not in landscape mode many of the equations will run off the side of your device (should be able to scroll to see them) and. MathWorks develops, sells, and supports MATLAB and Simulink products. Shown below is the graph of the circle, the line and the two points of intersection. Notice that the arcs. Find the standard form of the equation of the circle with center (-2,4) and tangent to the line y = 2 The standard form of the equation of this circle is. First use the coordinate of the center to start building your equation. The calculator will generate a step by step explanations and circle graph. It also outputs direction vector and displays line. A line segment from one point on the circle to another point on the circle that passes through the center is twice the radius in length. (i) The direct common tangents to two circles meet on the line of centres and divide it externally in the ratio of the radii. Tangent and Normal Lines. Given a circle of radius 'r'. As wikiHow, nicely explains, to find the equation of a line tangent to a curve at a certain point, you have to find the slope of the curve at that point, which requires calculus. The following diagrams show the Radius Tangent Theorem and the Two-Tangent Theorem. First calculator finds the line equation in slope-intercept form, that is,. Example: Plot (x−4) 2 + (y−2) 2 = 25 So the center is at (4,2) , and the radius is √25 = 5. [insert diagram of circle A with tangent LI perpendicular to radius AL and secant EN. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the object whose equation or coordinates you want to find and press [ENTER]. Remember that a CAGR calculator is only useful to find principal growth of an investment, and does not take into account other types of return on investment, such a dividend payments from a stock, or interest payments on a bond. Solve the system of linear equations with three unknowns: A + B + C = 14 B - A - C = 4 2A - B + C = 0; Centre of mass The vertices of triangle ABC are from the line p distances 3 cm, 4 cm and 8 cm. Shown below is the graph of the circle, the line and the two points of intersection. A scientific calculator supports calculations of trigonometric functions, such as sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, etc. Radii of the three tangent circles of equal radius which are inscribed within a circle of given radius. A tangent is a line that intersects a curve at only one point and does not pass through it, such that its slope is equal to the curve's slope at that point. BYJU’S online equation of a circle calculator tool makes the calculation faster, and it displays the equation in a fraction of seconds. We can use a technique called completing the square to rewrite such an equation so that we can quickly identify the circle's center point (h,k) and the radius. This list was not organized by years of schooling but thematically. Find both the radius and an equation of the circle with center (2,-3) that passes through the point Center islands are most effective in reducing travelling speeds when they are closely spaced or they disrupt large open Reference figure 1 is a circle with radius The circle lies on a horizontal line. Simple tool that calculates a linear regression equation using the least squares method, and allows you to estimate the value of a dependent variable for a given independent variable. Graph a Circle - powered by WebMath. Determine if line AB is tangent to the circle. Center on line x=3, tangent y-axis at (0, 5) The circle will have its center at (3, 5) and since it is tangent to the y axis, the radius will be 3sothe equation is (x - 3)^2 + (y - 5)^2 = 9. Calculate the area, circumference, radius and diameter of circles. Here, we will use a different method. At the moment shown Figure 6-17, the tangent point is P on the cam profile. How to find quadratic line of symmetry equation calculator tessshlo parametric and symmetric equations the kristakingmath functions their graphs graphing parabolas ex determine about x axis y origin polar coordinates precalculus ii standard form linear mathpowerblog parabola with graph 5. Equation of a circle centre (0,0) and radius R.
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"Tammy"
Let's listen to the late Debbie Reynolds sing "Tammy" as the old year dies and a new year is born. Share
Labels: At the Movies, Classic Films, Land of the Free, Music, The Old South
When to Hyphenate
From Writing Explained:
When should you hyphenate the phrase years old? Is someone 18 years old or 18-years-old? In this post, I want to give you some advice on dealing with age in your writing. How should you write ages? When should you hyphenate? Should you spell out the numbers or use numerals? After reading this post, you won’t ever have to wonder again. (Read more.)
Pre-Raphaelite Princess of Star Wars
From Pre-Raphaelite Sisterhood:
When Time magazine asked George Lucas about the unusual hairstyle he created for Star Wars character Princess Leia, he answered:
In the 1977 film, I was working very hard to create something different that wasn’t fashion, so I went with a kind of Southwestern Pancho Villa woman revolutionary look, which is what that is. The buns are basically from turn-of-the-century Mexico. Then it took such hits and became such a thing.
Kitbashed.com looks at the possible inspirations of Leia’s iconic buns in this post: The Curious Case of Leia’s Rolls. Unable to find similar buns among photos of Mexican revolutionaries, Kitbashed author Michael Heilemann did find a 1906 photograph called ‘A Hopiland Beauty’ that bears more resemblance to Padme Amidala in Episode II. It seems that the roots of Leia’s buns lie not from a single source, but an amalgam of several influences –Batgirl wears the double buns as Dr. Barbara Gordon, as does Queen Fria from the Flash Gordon comics.
The twin-side-buns hairstyle exists in Pre-Raphaelite inspired art. In John William Waterhouse’s The Crystal Ball, the hairstyle is seen in profile. We cannot see the other side but the part down the middle of her head is visible, indicating a similar bun on the other side. (Read more.)
Labels: Art, At the Movies, Classic Films, Land of the Free, Princesses, Queens of England
The Most Persecuted
From Church Militant:
Christians are the most persecuted religious group in the world, with around 90,000 killed for their faith in 2016, the director of a leading religious study group has said. Massimo Introvigne, Director of the Center for Studies on New Religions (Cesnur), told Vatican Radio that around half a billion Christians in the world are unable to express their faith completely freely, while around 90,000 — one every six minutes — died for their faith in the past year alone. Referring to statistics from the Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Mr. Introvigne said around 70 percent of Christians murdered in 2016 died in tribal conflicts in Africa. These deaths were included, he said, because very often they involved Christians who refuse to take up arms for reasons of conscience. "The other 30 percent, or 27,000, were killed in terror attacks, the destruction of Christian villages, or government persecution," he added. (Read more.)
Labels: Jesus, The Persecuted Church, The Revolution
Katherine Howard: A Victim of Child Abuse?
I have always thought so. From The Telegraph:
It’s all very well to describe her “easy charm”, and her “abundant store of good nature”, but it is questionable to do so about a girl who, from the age of 11 or 12 onwards, had older men coming into her bedroom. Especially when Manox was placed in a position of responsibility towards Katherine as her music teacher.
Regardless, you might argue, there’s still the damning ‘love letter’ that she wrote to Thomas Culpepper after her marriage: surely to take such a risk as queen is evidence, if not of adultery, of stupidity?
But when you consider the personal politics of abusive relationships, you have to suspect that all is not as it seems. Thomas Culpepper, a favourite of Henry’s, was a thoroughly unpleasant character. He’d been accused of raping a woman, although the king had excused him. He too was associated with Katherine’s grandmother’s household, and knew what had gone on here.
Imagine, then, Culpepper using his knowledge of Katherine’s past against her. It is quite understandable that a woman in her position would say or do anything at all to try to placate or mollify such a dangerous blackmailer. We know today that’s not impossible for a ‘love letter’ to be motivated entirely by fear.
With this in mind, think again of Katherine’s last journey by boat to the Tower of London. Think again of her asking, the night before her execution, as we know that she did, if she could please practise the laying of her head upon the block in order to do it properly. Her final requests were that the king spare her family vengeance, and that he should give gifts to her attendants. (Read more.)
Labels: Chivalry, Politics, Queens of England, Tyrants
The Hidden History of Carols
It seems that in the Middle Ages caroling parties could be a bit wild. Most people do not realize that carols were not just for Christmas but every feast day had its carols, and some were more bawdy than religious. To quote:
The story of Christmas caroling is full of unexpected surprises. The practice itself has gone through many changes over the centuries, and our perception of caroling today is based only on the very recent history. We think of Christmas caroling as a wholesome, and even religious, activity. Caroling seems to speak of the beauty, innocence, and magic of the Christmas season. However, in researching this practice, I have discovered that caroling was not as innocent as we might think. In fact, the act of caroling was actively combatted by the Church for hundreds of years.
Uncovering the origins of caroling has proven difficult. Some sources give the 14th or 15th centuries as the earliest date for caroling. I believe the reason for this is because this is the period when caroling began to be adopted by the church, and this is when carols first began to be written down. However, there is much evidence that caroling was around long before that. We don’t have written carols from the early periods, but what we do have are edicts from the Church and recorded sermons which make reference to caroling. (Read more.)
Labels: Chivalry, Christmas, Holidays, Music, The Night's Dark Shade
Tobolsk: Museum of the Imperial Family
From Royal Russia News:
The Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve have announced that the Museum of the Imperial Family will open in Tobolsk in August 2017. The date marks the 100th anniversary of the arrival of Russia’s last emperor Nicholas II and his family in Tobolsk.
In 1996, the former Study of Emperor Nicholas II was opened as a museum. The new museum will offer visitors additional rooms, and exhibits based on the life of Nicholas II and his family during their stay and held under house arrest for 8 months between August 1917 to April 1918.
The museum which is housed in the former residence of the Governor of Siberia, is currently undergoing restoration and construction work. The restored memorial rooms will be recreated from surviving documents, and photographs. According to the museum director Svetlana Sidorova, the museum is dedicated to "preserving the authenticity of the building’s façade, and the historical ambience of the interiors". Visitors to the museum will get a sense of how the imperial family lived during their captivity in Siberia. Sidorov noted that restorers “had spent a great deal of time and effort to remove all the original elements and to refurbish them, and not substitute any of them for modern elements.” (Read more.)
Labels: Apocalypse, Communism, Holy Russia, Martyrs, Politics, Princesses, The Persecuted Church, The Revolution
Crawling to the Manger
From Catholic Exchange:
It is quite true that a great many depression sufferers have all the material and familial comforts they could ever desire. I will use myself as an example. I have a wonderful husband, amazing daughter, I am a graduate student in a great theology program, I have begun a writing career, I have never slept in the cold or rain, and I have never starved. From the outside my life is one of abundant blessings, but as I said before, Crosses are different for each person. I get to live knowing that I have everything, but battle despair, soul shattering anxiety, and darkness all while crawling to the Manger in which the Christ child waits for me. (Read more.)
Labels: Christmas, Health, Holidays, Jesus, Scripture
The First Holy Cards
From The National Catholic Register:
The first holy cards were sold during the Middle Ages to pilgrims as keepsakes of their visit to a shrine. The oldest surviving holy card is a black-and-white woodcut image of St. Christopher dating from 1423. These cards were not really cards; they were pictures printed on inexpensive paper. Since they were easily lost, or torn, or destroyed, very few medieval holy cards have survived. But in 2005 one turned up unexpectedly at Holy Cross College in Worcester, Massachusetts, where the art history faculty was mounting an exhibit of artifacts and relics from the period of anti-Catholic persecution in England in the 16th and 17th centuries. Among the treasures on display was a Book of Hours that had belonged to an English family who remained faithful Catholics after Henry VIII broke with Rome. As the curators examined the prayerbook they found, pasted on the last page, a holy card from the early 1500s, hand-colored, from the shrine of the Holy Rood in Bromholm, Norfolk. Only one other Bromholm holy card has survived the iconoclasm of the English Reformation, so this discovery created a sensation among the curators and among art historians and historians of the Church during the age of the Tudors.
Almost as rare as holy cards from Catholic England are the cards that were produced by cloistered nuns in 17th century France. The sisters would mount a holy picture on a piece of plain white paper large enough to create a frame. Then, using the finest razors and penknives available, they cut out bits of the white paper to create elaborate lacy patterns around the holy picture. Such intricate handwork could take months for one nun to complete. Given the fragility of these lace paper cards and the exquisite workmanship involved in creating them, when one appears on the market collectors have been known to bid $1000 or more to acquire such a prize. (Read more.)
Via Stephanie Mann. Share
Labels: Art, Jesus, Our Lady, Queens of England, Queens of France, Saints, Stephanie Mann, The Persecuted Church
How Jimmy Stewart Became George Bailey
From the WSJ:
Every year around Christmas, Americans stop to pay homage to what is perhaps our most beloved motion picture, “It’s a Wonderful Life.” The 1946 film may flicker in black and white, but it still manages to feel fresh in affirming the human spirit as we head into each new year. Fans of the movie might assume that making such an uplifting tale was a joy for cast and crew. In truth, this story of redeeming angels was born in the devastating wake of World War II, and it starred an actor swatting away his own demons.
The first time that Jimmy Stewart appears on screen as George Bailey, the image freezes in close-up as two angelic figures discuss the character in voice-over. One says to the other, “I want you to take a good look at that face.” It’s something that all of us should do as we watch the film. Stewart is supposed to be playing a young man in his early 20s, but the once-boyish 38-year-old had just returned the year before from fighting in Europe, and only makeup and careful lighting could give him a semblance of youth. More seriously, as we know from the testimony of those who worked with him in the military and in Hollywood in those years, Stewart was suffering from what we now call post-traumatic stress disorder.
After two years of subsisting largely on ice cream and peanut butter, he had only just begun to eat real food and keep it down. He had the shakes and at times flew into rages, and his sleep was interrupted by images of bombers burning in the sky and men tumbling to earth.
“It’s a Wonderful Life” was Stewart’s first picture after almost five years away, including 20 months on the front lines. As a squadron commander of B-24 heavy bombers, he flew his first combat mission to Germany on Dec. 13, 1943. He commanded 12 missions in his first two months and was almost shot down twice. The experience unnerved him enough that he spent time at the “flak farm,” where fliers went to decompress after seeing too much combat.
It wasn’t fear of losing his own life that had gotten to Stewart. It was his deeply ingrained perfectionism, which made him fear making the wrong split-second decision in German airspace while leading dozens of planes and hundreds of men in combat.
Filming “It’s a Wonderful Life” found him back in Hollywood after surviving too many crash landings and close calls. In sunny Southern California, the land of make-believe, this suddenly middle-aged man faced other problems. A new crop of youthful leading men had emerged in his absence. He also faced a crisis of conscience, wondering if acting was a worthwhile profession after the gravity of his daily life in the military.
This back story may help to explain the remarkable emotional energy of “It’s a Wonderful Life.” Stewart’s bordering-on-frantic performance was not just virtuoso acting. Co-star Donna Reed reported that both Stewart and the picture’s director, Frank Capra, made the production difficult at times as they second-guessed how scenes were done.
And why not? Both men were desperate to re-establish themselves in a Hollywood that, they feared, had passed them by while they served in the military. “It’s a Wonderful Life” is considered the picture that relaunched Stewart as a more serious, seasoned actor. But for him, making it was just one more trial by combat.
It was the veteran actor Lionel Barrymore—the movie’s villain, Old Man Potter—who helped Stewart to claw his way back. When Stewart wondered aloud during production if acting was worth his time, Barrymore looked him in the eye and asked: Isn’t entertaining people better than dropping bombs on them?
Stewart seems to have gotten the message. He was able to convey great joy and passion in the movie’s closing scenes, shouting “Merry Christmas, Bedford Falls!” as he runs through the streets and saying with a wink to his guardian angel, as he turns heavenward, “Atta boy, Clarence.” (Read more.)
Labels: At the Movies, Christmas, Classic Films, Holidays, Land of the Free
The War on Children
From Life Site:
Just consider this. The city of New York has 31 legally protected genders. Facebook has gone further by giving account holders 58 genders in the United States and 71 in the United Kingdom. In Ontario, the new sex curriculum will teach children at least six genders. There is no science to back these new words. It's being pushed by the politics of power, sex and correctness. And those that control language shape thought and behaviour. Laws are in place to make that one disagrees, otherwise the person can be charged with hate speech, fined or even go to jail.
These newly constructed words, acronyms and expressions about human sexuality are very confusing to young people in schools. They confuse adults. Can you define gander, sexual orientation and the difference between gender identity and expression? There you go, not so easy. That's the whole purpose, to confuse. Just imagine how a teacher can misuse this new language of gender to shape what children think about themselves and their sexuality. A teacher could say to a class: "Boys and girls you may not be a boy or a girl but any one of these 31 genders." (Read more.)
Labels: Apocalypse, Land of the Free, Motherhood, The Mystery of Iniquity, The Revolution
5 Ways to Live Like a Monk in the World
From Roman Catholic Man:
Numerous parts of the Rule of St. Benedict highlight the importance of humility, most notably in Chapter 7 where St. Benedict depicts humility as a ladder with twelve rungs which the monk is to ascend. The first step is that a monk keeps the “fear of God” always before his eyes (RB 7:10). When you fear God or are in “awe” of God, you maintain a right relationship, realizing that you are a creature and not God. Humility is a virtue that needs to be developed, and it entails being down to earth, honest, and truthful, both in prayer, at work, and in everyday matters. St. Benedict wrote, “Place your hope in God alone. If you notice something good in yourself, give credit to God, not to yourself, but be certain that the evil you commit is always your own and yours to acknowledge” (RB 4:41-43). Being a humble person means being grateful for the blessings and opportunities that God gives you and recognizing that your gifts and talents have God as their source. Allow daily struggles, and even falling into sin, to be an invitation to humility, where you admit without hesitation that you must depend entirely on God’s grace, and not on your strength. (Read more.)
Labels: Beauty, Books, Jesus, Saints, Scripture
Christmas Charities of Marie-Antoinette
During Christmastide it is helpful to see the example of Queen Marie-Antoinette, who made the needs of the poor a priority, especially in the cold of winter. For Marie-Antoinette, this was nothing extraordinary, but the basic duty of a Christian. While surfing the internet, it is all too common to see Marie-Antoinette characterized as someone who ignored the plight of the poor. Nothing could be further from the truth. Her charities were quite extensive and are a matter of public record. She also took great care to instill a love of the needy in her children. At Christmastime, during a particularly brutal winter, the queen had them renounce their Christmas gifts in order to buy food and blankets for the destitute. As Maxime de La Rocheterie relates:
One year, on the approach of the 1st of January, she had the most beautiful playthings brought from Paris to Versailles; she showed them to her children, and when they had looked at them and admired them, said to them that they were without doubt very beautiful, but that it was still more beautiful to distribute alms; and the price of these presents was sent to the poor.
(The Life of Marie Antoinette by Maxime de La Rocheterie, 1893)
Another biographer Charles Duke Yonge discusses how the queen's generosity was well-known by her contemporaries, in spite of her efforts to be discreet, and the efforts of her enemies to portray her as a decadent spendthrift.
By the beginning of December the Seine was frozen over, and the whole adjacent country was buried in deep snow. Wolves from the neighboring forests, desperate with hunger, were said to have made their way into the suburbs, and to have attacked people in the streets. Food of every kind became scarce, and of the poorer classes many were believed to have died of actual starvation....
Not only were Louis and Marie Antoinette conspicuous for the unstinting liberality with which they devoted their own funds to to supply of the necessities of the destitute, but the queen, in many cases of unusual or pressing suffering that were reported to her in Versailles and the neighboring villages, sent trustworthy persons to investigate them, and in numerous instances went herself to the cottages, making personal inquiries into the condition of the occupants, and showing not only a feeling heart, but a considerate and active kindness, which doubled the value of her benefactions by the gracious, thoughtful manner in which they were bestowed.
She would willingly have done the good she did in secret, partly from her constant feeling that charity was not charity if it were boasted of, partly from a fear that those ready to misconstrue all her acts would find pretexts for evil and calumny even in her bounty. One of her good deeds struck Necker as of so remarkable a character that he pressed her to allow him to make it known. "Be sure, on the contrary," she replied, "that you never mention it. What good could it do? they would not believe you;" but in this she was mistaken. Her charities were too widely spread to escape the knowledge even of those who did not profit by them; and they had their reward, though it was but a short-lived one.
Though the majority of her acts of personal kindness were performed in Versailles rather than in Paris, the Parisians were as vehement in their gratitude as the Versaillese; and it found a somewhat fantastic vent in the erection of pyramids and obelisks of snow in different quarters of the city, all bearing inscriptions testifying the citizens' sense of her benevolence. One, which far exceeded all its fellows in size--the chief beauty of works of that sort--since it was fifteen feet high, and each of the four faces was twelve feet wide at the base, was decorated with a medallion of the royal pair, and bore a poetical inscription commemorating the cause of its erection:
"Reine, dont la beaute surpasse les appas
Pres d'un roi bienfaisant occupe ici la place.
Si ce monument frele est de neige et de glace,
Nos coeurs pour toi ne le sont pas.
De ce monument sans exemple,
Couple auguste, l'aspect bien doux pur votre coeur
Sans doute vous plaira plus qu'un palais, qu'un temple
Que vous eleverait un peuple adulateur.[10]"
(Life of Marie-Antoinette by Charles Duke Yonge, 1876)
(Artwork)
Labels: Christmas, Marie-Antoinette
The Guadalupe Mysteries
From Church Pop:
New and evolving technological developments pertaining to Our Lady of Guadalupe are discussed in detail in Guadalupe Mysteries: Deciphering the Code. For example, it wasn’t until 1929 when the official Basilica photographer Alfonso Marcue Gonzales first discovered an image in the eyes of the Blessed Mother of Guadalupe. As technology improved, several studies were conducted into these images. In 1979, a Peruvian engineer, Jose Aste Tonsmann, discovered a group of 13 people in Mary’s eyes, a discovery that was confirmed in 2006 by another engineer using the most up-to-date technology. It is believed that these people represent those who were present at the very moment when Juan Diego presented the image of Our Lady to Bishop Zurmarraga who didn’t seem to believe him at first.
It’s confounding because the image’s iris measures only 5/16 of an inch, and easy to believe the author’s contention that no human could have painted “such a precise image on such a small surface, observing virtually 100 percent conformance with the laws of optics, which were not known until the nineteenth century.”
Another fascinating fact has to do with the material on which the image is presented. The tilma was constructed of agave thread. This type of material isn’t durable; it’s expected to wear out within 20-40 years. But the material on which appears the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe is virtually unscathed after nearly 500 years, which is miraculous, especially since no real effort at preservation has been made. In fact, it didn’t even have the protection of a glass encasement during the first 100 years of its existence. Instead, it was exposed to incense, candle smoke and other unfavorable elements.
There was a time when pilgrims were able to directly touch, kiss and even place their faces directly against the tilma, yet no marks were left on the material. The image famously survived at least two episodes that should surely have been destructive. One includes dynamite that exploded after being placed by the altar where the image hung. Not even a scratch was left on the protective glass while windows were shattered in nearby houses.
In 1791 nitric acid was accidentally spilled on part of the image while the frame was being cleaned. This accident should have instantly put a hole in the fabric. Instead, only minor damage was done in the form of stains, and even those eventually faded. (Read more.)
Labels: Apocalypse, Jesus, Mexico, Motherhood, Our Lady, Science, Scripture
Practiced hands measure flour, eggs, spices, and the most important component—honey—to form the dough for the traditional cookies, Ivana Smulikova has made since her childhood in Slovakia. Eleven years ago, her family of four moved to British Columbia with only eight suitcases among them. Much was left behind, but tucked in her heart was the recipe for her homeland’s classic confection. Known under different names in other European countries (lebkuchen in Germany, taai-taai in Belgium), the cookies, called medovniky in Slovakia, look similar to gingerbread, but rather than molasses and brown sugar, they rely on honey as the sweetener. This natural ingredient also acts as a preservative, keeping the treats edible for several months. (Read more.)
Labels: Christmas, Food, Holidays
Christmas at the Trapp Family Lodge
When Maria von Trapp first gazed at the snow-blanketed hills and valleys of Vermont’s Green Mountains after she and her family fled Nazi-occupied Austria, the area looked much like home—a sister scene to her beloved Alps. In 1943, the famous Sound of Music singing troupe bought a farm on Luce Hill, near Stowe, and welcomed guests to their farmhouse. Four decades later, fire destroyed the original house, but within three years, the family rebuilt and created a ninety-six-room inn that embraces Austrian style and outdoor vigor. Comprising 2,500 acres, the property includes villas and chalets, as well as a restaurant, garden, brewery, and bakery. The resort continues to thrive in the hands of third-generation von Trapps. Although the singing tours ceased in 1955, hospitality is now the high note they strive to achieve. (Read more.)
Labels: Christmas, Classic Films, Holidays, Land of the Free, The House of Austria
The Marian Solution
From Vultus Christi:
In all the discussions surrounding the controversy stirred up by Amoris Laetitia, I am struck by how little one speaks of grace, and of Our Lady, and of prayer. There is but one solution to difficult pastoral situations, and that one solution is grace. Grace is obtained by prayer, and prayer is within the reach of every soul. There are souls who choke on the words of the Act of Contrition but who can murmur a Hail Mary. Let such souls do this much. Our Lady, the Mediatrix of All Graces, will not refuse the grace of contrition to one who, incapable of anything more, simply calls upon her name. It is, I think, a great pity that the magnificent text of Saint Bernard, Respice Stellam, Voca Mariam, is not more often cited by those ministering to souls in difficult pastoral situations. At the end of the day, The Marian Solution may be not only the best solution, but the only solution. (Read more.)
Labels: Jesus, Saints, Scripture, The Holy Father, The Revolution
Of Popes and Heresy
From In the Light of the Law:
No one in a position of ecclesial responsibility—not the Four Cardinals posing dubia, not Grisez & Finnis cautioning about misuses, and not the 45 Catholics appealing to the College, among others—has, despite the bizarre accusations made about some of them, accused Pope Francis of being a heretic or of teaching heresy. While many are concerned for the clarity of various Church teachings in the wake of some of Francis’ writings and comments, and while some of these concerns do involve matters of faith and morals, no responsible voice in the Church has, I repeat, accused Pope Francis of holding or teaching heresy.
That’s good, because the stakes in regard to papal heresy are quite high. Those flirting with such suspicions or engaging in such ruminations should be very clear about what is at issue. First. Heresy is, and only is, “the obstinate denial or obstinate doubt after the reception of baptism of some truth that must be believed by divine and catholic faith.” 1983 CIC 751. Heresy is not, therefore, say, the failure to defend effectively specific truths of Revelation (though that might be negligence per Canon 1389); moreover, privately-held heretical views, even if they are leading to certain observable actions, are not in themselves actionable under law (Canon 1330).
Second. We can dismiss as impossible—indeed, as unthinkable thanks to the protection of the Holy Spirit—any scenario whereby a pope commits the Church to a heresy. See Ott, Fundamentals (1957) 287 or Catholic Answers tract “Papal Infallibility” (2004). However grave might be the consequences for a pope falling into heresy, the Church herself cannot fall into heresy at his hands or anyone else’s. Deo gratias.
Those two points being understood, the canonical tradition yet recognizes (and history suggests) that a given pope could fall into personal heresy and that he might even promote such heresy publicly, which brings us to some thoughts on those possibilities.
Setting aside a few who, relying on half-baked notions like “popes are not bound by canon law”, throw up their hands in despair at the prospect of a heretical pope and predict the End-of-the-World-as-We-Know-It, others, more reasonably, point to Canon 1404, which states “The First See is judged by no one”, and conclude that the only remedies in the face of a genuinely heretical pope are prayers and fasting. May I suggest, though, that canon law has somewhat more to offer than that. (Read more.)
Labels: Books, The Holy Father, The Mystery of Iniquity
Some magical photos from Sanctuary. Share
Labels: Art, Christmas, Food, Holidays, Motherhood
Trauma-driven Sexuality
A psychologist speaks. From Crisis:
In the natural sex act, the human race is preserved, and the man lives on through future generations. But in the trauma-driven sex act that violates our bodily design, his generative power engenders death and annihilation. And so the wisdom of the body presents this contrast: new life vs. decay and death.
No wonder we see so much dissatisfaction in the gay world; not just because of society’s disapproval, but because the man who lives in that world, senses the futility of a gay identity. It represents the termination of that long line of his ancestors who were once linked together, through the ages, in natural marriage. (Read more.)
Labels: Health, Motherhood, The Mystery of Iniquity, The Revolution
The Marriages of Margaret Beaufort
From Casting Light upon the Shadow:
It is believed that Henry’s birth caused such physical damage to Margaret that it was impossible for her to conceive another child. No further pregnancies are recorded, but this did not deter her from marrying twice more. Her youthful marriage to Edmund Tudor is made more remarkable by the fact that this was not Margaret’s first experience of the married state. At six-years-old a marriage was arrange with the eight-year-old, John de la Pole; the eldest son of the Duke of Suffolk, a union that was quickly annulled when the duke fell into disfavour with the king. As a mark of favour toward Margaret, she was subsequently betrothed to the king’s brother, Edmund Tudor.
Both historians and fiction authors often assume Margaret’s marriage to Edmund Tudor was unhappy, yet there is no evidence for this. Although there was a disparity in age, and he took her straight from the nursery at her mother’s home at Bletsoe castle to the wilds of Wales, she never spoke ill of Edmund. Much later in life, despite remarrying, she made her wishes clear that she should be buried with Edmund at Carmarthen; a wish that was ignored. She was, instead, interred at Westminster Abbey close to Henry VII, while Edmund lies at St David’s, his body moved from Carmarthen during the dissolution of the monasteries.
Edmund died at Carmarthen in 1456, either from the plague or wounds received in battle, or possibly a mixture of both. Margaret was left a vulnerable widow, six months pregnant and far away from the court of her cousin, King Henry VI. She turned for protection to her brother-in-law, Jasper Tudor, who took her to his fortress at Pembroke to await the birth. Shortly after she was churched, seeking security as the country descended into civil war, Jasper assisted her in forming an alliance with Henry Stafford, a younger son of the Duke of Buckingham. (Read more.)
Labels: Chivalry, Politics, Princesses, Queens of England
From The Guardian:
Somehow the statue escaped the wholesale wrecking of religious artifacts in churches and cathedrals during the Protestant Reformation of the mid-1500s to travel across the Channel. De Beer and his colleagues speculated that it might have been bought by a wealthy foreigner long before the threat of destruction to religious icons that came with the dissolution of the monasteries under Henry VIII. Alternatively it could have been smuggled out later, as the danger to religious works became clear. Much of its early life was spent in seclusion at a monastery in St-Truiden, Belgium. There it avoided the violence of the French Revolution, when many religious icons were also destroyed. (Read more.)
Labels: Art, Jesus, Our Lady, Queens of England, The Persecuted Church, Tyrants
Interview with Frances Mayes
I’m no expert; I’ve written only two novels. Most of my books are nonfiction, which is so much easier for me. No plot necessary! You write what happens, as well as you can. I started both novels with a general idea, not an outline. I learned as I proceeded, letting myself go down discursive paths if they appeared. Unless you’ve written one, you can have no idea how deeply tracked in your psyche a story is. How to keep all the subterranean working aloft in the narrative is the skill you must learn. I enjoyed writing my second novel so much. By then, I let the characters have free reign. I liked them and was not going to let anything bad happen to them. They’d had their share of sorrow. In my pages, they could soar. Writing is a rich life, the life of the imagination, of possibility. To create something where there was nothing—well, that’s the joyous root of any artist’s life. (Read more.)
Labels: Architecture, Books, Gardens, Italy, Land of the Free
Women and the Protestant Reformation
For much of the past 500 years, to the extent that anyone bothered to think or talk about women and the Reformation, the assumption was that since the Reformation improved everyone’s lives, then women’s lives were made far better as well. Luther and other Reformers had profound, deep, and violence-inducing differences, but since they all seemed to prioritize the “freedom of the Christian” in opposition to the rules-and-works mentality of the prison of medieval Catholicism, that must mean that everyone was better off (because they were more “free”) after 1517—and “everyone” includes women, does it not? No longer forced into convents against their will, no longer told that marriage was an inferior state, and now encouraged to read the Bible in their own languages, the lot of the post-Reformation woman must have been an improvement over what her grandmothers had suffered.
The first problem we run up against in this scenario is the Reformers’ definition of “Christian freedom” and our contemporary understanding of their understanding. Whether their understanding was an accurate, truly biblically-based one is a matter for theologians. Whether their sense of it was anything even close to what we think “freedom” is, even interior freedom, is doubtful: ask Anabaptist Felix Manz, executed by drowning for his beliefs by order of the Reform-controlled Zurich council in 1527, barely a decade after the movement began and just a few years after Luther published his On the Freedom of the Christian.
Setting that aside, we can turn to the question of women’s actual lives. The impact of the Protestant Reformation on women was profound. In some senses nothing changed: nothing Luther or the other reformers said questioned basic, traditional, medieval Catholic assumptions about human anthropology or the roles of men and women in marriage. What did change was something else, but something quite simple, and with profound implications: Luther and the other Reformers went to war against the evangelical counsels as ideals, and especially as the core of a vowed way of life. This type of life and spirituality was no longer an ideal; marriage and domesticity—might we call it the domestic church?—was.
The Reformation was, of course, a diverse and constantly evolving phenomenon. Common to the entire movement, however, was this conviction that vowed, celibate religious life as an ideal was non-scriptural, unnatural, harmful, led to sin and hypocrisy, and must be eliminated, supplanted by another model of ideal Christian life: the individual, saved by faith alone, dwelling productively in the community as believer, spouse, and parent.
The strongest symbol of this non-biblical ideal of virginity was of course, the monastery, so in Reformed lands the closing of male and female religious houses was a top priority, and the Gospel of domesticity was preached and enforced in their stead. Every woman, it was assumed, was meant for marriage, children, and homemaking. Gone was that space—as the convent was—for women to pursue intellectual and artistic pursuits, to provide institutionalized charity, to interact with religious, political, and business interests as leaders of their communities, and—very importantly—to support the community and serve the living and the dead through their once highly valued, now “useless” prayers.
And so, a survey of the large and continually growing body of research reveals wide agreement that is, in fact, 180 degrees away from the former view of the Reformation’s impact on women as beneficial. “The down side of the peculiarly Protestant ‘good news’ to women,” Lutheran historian Kirsi Stjerna notes, “was the exclusiveness of marriage as the basis for the holy vocation. No other options received a theological blessing. Thus, Reformation theology, generally speaking, enforced the domestication of women. … The domestication of women to the honorable callings of motherhood and marriage, advocated through theological argument, knitted with the Protestants’ valorization of family and marriage as the cornerstones of society, on the one hand, and their reiteration of the Pauline rejection of women teachers and ministers, on the other.”
In other words, what we are left with in Reformation-dominated lands is a vision of a holy society in which worship is centered on preaching from a literally-interpreted Bible, from which female saints have disappeared, and in which women might no longer envision or live out their spiritual lives in ways unrelated to earthly marriage and family life. They must be connected to a human male in a legal, familial way in order to have social legitimacy, human worth, and a role in the spiritual landscape. (Read more.)
Labels: Motherhood, Politics, The Holy Father, The Revolution
Medieval Art Revealed
Incredible medieval church murals not seen since the 16th century have been restored as part of painstaking preservation project. The murals were covered after William Shakespeare's father was ordered to paint over them more than 450 years ago. The colourful murals, thought to be some of the finest in Europe, were covered with limewash in 1563 when John Shakespeare was bailiff of Stratford-Upon-Avon. He was acting on orders from Henry VIII as part of the Protestant Reformation which was a backlash against the Catholic Church. The 16th century Reformation, championed by reformers including the Tudor king and Augustinian monk Martin Luther, saw a huge upheaval in the religion, politics and culture of the day, triggering persecutions and conflicts. (Read more.)
Labels: Art, Jesus, Politics, Queens of England, Scripture, The Persecuted Church, Theater, Tyrants
The Wonder of Santa
"Christmas was a magical time for our family and the small community I grew up in,” says entrepreneur Bethany Lowe. “Families went for horse-drawn carriage rides, ice-skated together on country ponds, went caroling door-to-door, and built snowmen to greet passers-by.” Lowe, a self-taught folk artist, weaves the spirit of these idyllic holiday memories into the realistic Santa figures that form the foundation for her company, Bethany Lowe Designs. Bethany’s somewhat unexpected career began in the 1980s when she and husband Curt were running a family farming operation and raising four children in their home state of Illinois. Her mother had always encouraged her creative pursuits, so when Midwestern farmers were hard-hit by the country’s economic woes, it was natural for Bethany to turn to art as a means to supplement the family’s income. She began making “country décor” items to sell at home parties, which soon led to juried folk art shows across the country and, eventually, the wholesale market. (Read more.)
Labels: Art, Christmas, Holidays, Land of the Free, Saints, Style
Uther Pendragon
From English Historical Fiction Authors:
The Dark Ages of ancient Britain is an incredibly interesting period of time. We know so much about other times in history, but the Dark Ages is an era where we find few facts handed down to us. There are many stories, poems and myths, and many of these refer to the shadowy figures of Uther Pendragon and his far more infamous son Arthur. There are many people that would love to find proof of King Arthur’s existence; he is a figure that looms large in the imagination, and yet that proof continues to remain elusive. Uther, however, appears more often in the few written accounts that have survived as a man that actually lived, a man who may possibly have drawn the tribes of Britain together when it was needed most.
To set the scene for when the Pendragons may… or may not have existed, we have to take into account that the term Dark Ages refers to the long period of time which started several decades before the Western Roman Empire fell in AD 476 and lasted to the beginning of the Renaissance period, which was around AD1300.
These dark ages were a time of little or no law and order, when civilisation, the written word and record keeping were at a very low point. Britain and most of Europe was in turmoil as the rule of Rome dissolved, all of which leaves modern scholars somewhat ‘in the dark’ as they search for their solid facts. Many of these ‘almost’ facts, these stories and tales of battles, the struggles of leaders and kings, were handed down verbally through generations as people sat around their fires and entertained each other with tales during the cold British nights. As they repeated them they changed, so many facts turned into myths. (Read more.)
Labels: Archaeology, Books, Queens of England
Brilliant Spools
After twenty-three years of flying, Paulette Knight translated her air miles into yards upon yards of ribbon that decorate her San Francisco shop, The Ribbonerie. A former flight attendant for American Airlines during the industry’s fabled golden era, she wandered the arrondissements of Paris between flights, repeatedly drawn to the enchanted trimmings that festoon the city’s candy stores.
“I was a real Francophile and went to France on all my vacations,” says Paulette. “I saw this extraordinary French wired ribbon hanging in the windows, but it was just decoration—you couldn’t get it even if you bought a box of bonbons.” Following successive trips, she happened upon a place that supplied the Paris confiseries and was able to purchase a few coveted satins and grosgrains to take back home. Eventually, her keen eye for embellishment (she was a student of fashion design prior to her jet-setting days) would shift the direction of her career and lead her to a new venture within the French marketplace. (Read more.)
Labels: Art, Land of the Free, Motherhood
The History of Early English
Two thirds of England’s rivers take their names from ‘Celtic’ words, for example, Avon. We have place names which are a mixture - in the case of Much Wenlock, Much is from Anglo-Saxon mycel, meaning great, Wenlock comes from Celtic wininicas, white area, and the Anglo-Saxon loca, (place.) We have Roman influence, too, with castra (fort), seen in places such as Chester, and Manchester. Of course, the Anglo-Saxons did build forts of their own - burhs, which give Britain all the burgh and borough place names. But the Anglo-Saxons didn’t just come to fight, and/or defend, they also came to stay. They cleared places, to make space for their settlements, and gave us word endings like ley, ly, leay and leigh, which all mean 'clearing'. The Scandinavians followed suit and also added place names - by, booth, and thwaite.
The Normans did add a few of their own - Ashby was given to the de la Zuche family, (giving us Ashby de la Zouche) and Bewdley came from Beau Lieu (beautiful place).
But the Norman-French did not settle in with the same comfort as the Anglo-Saxons and the Scandinavians, nor in the same number. As we saw above, the commoners kept speaking English, which was still evolving, nevertheless, and came to add many French words. (Read more.)
Labels: Books, Chivalry, Politics, Queens of England
The Jilted Princess
From Sharon Bennett Connolly:
Joan of England was the oldest of daughter of King John and his 2nd wife, Isabella of Angouleme. Born 10th July 1210 she was the 3rd of 5 children; she had 2 older brothers and 2 younger sisters would join the family by 1215. Even before her birth, she was mooted as a possible bride for Alexander of Scotland, son of King William I of Scotland. A verbal agreement between the 2 kings in 1209 provided for John to arrange the marriages of William’s 2 daughters, with 1 marrying a son of John’s, and Alexander marrying one of John’s daughters. Following the death of William I a further treaty in 1212 agreed to the marriage of 14-year-old Alexander II to 2 year-old Joan. However, the agreement seems to have been made as a way of preventing Alexander from looking to the continent – and especially France – for a potential bride, and by extension allies. (Read more.)
Labels: Chivalry, Politics, Princesses, Queens of England, The Scots, Tyrants
The Unmatched Discipline of the Prussian Army Under Frederick The Great
From War History Online:
This was the army of the Kingdom of Prussia under the direct command of her king, Frederick II, called Frederick the Great. Frederick was the consummate soldier-king, a great general with many victories – as well as some notable defeats – in his career. His soldiers were the product of a century of sustained and rapid training and development, paralleling the swift expansion of Prussian-controlled territory on the northern European landmass.
Including Frederick, three generations of Prussian kings had given their close attention to military affairs. By the time Frederick II the Great marched at Leuthen, the precision and discipline of his troops was without peer. Even Rome at the height of her ancient power, thought Frederick, could not show so well as this. He rode with his staff in the midst of his cavalry, a powerful figure physically, but dressed without ostentation, with practicality and speed in mind; just a cavalry officer. Messengers rode near him, ready to speed his orders to any point in his army at a moment’s notice.
He was a learned and practiced tactician and strategist. In 1757, Frederick was in his mid-forties, as was his opponent on this early day in December. Upon hearing news of Frederick’s arrival in Silesia Charles had arrayed his huge force in a line facing west. The line stretched fully four miles long from north to south with the hope of guarding against a fast flanking maneuver by the Prussians. Charles’ army outnumbered Frederick’s two-to-one, and they both knew it. (Read more.)
Labels: Germany, Politics, The House of Austria
Florence Ebersole Smith
Florence Ebersole was born in Santiago, Isabela province, in the Philippines, in 1915. Her mother was a native Filipino woman, and her father was a US Army veteran of the Spanish-American war. After graduating from high school, Florence began working with US Army intelligence in Manila, the capital of the Philippines. Here she met her 1st husband, Chief Electricians Mate Charles Edward Smith, who also worked as a crewman on a PT Boat. They were married on August 19, 1941, only months before the United States and Japan were at war.
When the war was declared on December 8, 1941, Chief Smith reported for duty on board his PT Boat. They joined the fleet to defend the islands from the Japanese who attacked the same day. Their invasion of the Philippines had begun. On December 22, 1941, the main force attacked, quickly smashing through the ill-equipped and untrained American troops on the island. Florence Ebersole Smith was in Manila at the time, with two armies advancing from either side. On the 25th, all Military personnel were ordered to evacuate, and the whole of the Army Intelligence office packed up and left. They knew if they were captured they would likely be subjected to harsh interrogations, and their information was too valuable to lose. Florence, however, stayed. She had to care for her 16-year-old sister, who had no prospects and no protection. (Read more.)
Labels: Apocalypse, Philippines, Politics, The Far East, Tyrants
The Secret of Human Identity
From Dr. Anthony Esolen at The Public Discourse:
When I was young, I wanted to know Dante partly because I wanted to know everything, but mainly because I was in love with poetry and wanted to learn the craft from the masters. I was hungry, and it never occurred to me to think that the grandson of coal miners in America could not lay claim to Dante, or Shakespeare, or Caravaggio, or Aristotle, or any artist or thinker or mystical seer, just because they lived long ago, came from another part of the world, spoke a different language, and were nourished in cultures that were so distant from mine. If they wrote in a different language, I might learn that language; if they came from another part of the world, I studied its geography; if other cultures nourished them, I tried to place myself in their midst—tried to walk with Dante along the streets of Florence, that city riven with partisan passions and all too often running with blood. I did not need these works to affirm my identity. I was not even aware I had an identity, other than that I was a certain young man, American by birth, and by the grace of God Roman Catholic and a fan of the Saint Louis Cardinals.
But I have come to see that many of my students now have no such grounding, no such matter-of-course assurance of who and what they are. If the self is nourished by culture, and culture implies deep roots and carefully tended soil, what happens to the self when the topsoil is stripped bare? And stripped bare it has been. Young people have been starved of beauty: the great majority of them do not even recognize the names of the greatest of English poets, of Milton and Wordsworth and Tennyson, let alone know their songs. They have been taught almost nothing of our nearly three-thousand-year-old heritage of art, no classical or sacred music, no folk music, and no popular music older than a generation. Even many of those who regularly attend Mass on Sunday show no deep familiarity with Scripture. For those who do not darken the church doors, the gospels themselves may as well have come from another planet. (Read more.)
The most significant find was the original leather cover that protected the psalter. It was found intact and provided an insight into the origins of the Irish church. The inside of the leather cover “is lined with papyrus, a writing material produced from reeds grown in the eastern Mediterranean, famously in Egypt. The papyrus was probably placed inside the cover to act as a stiffener.”
Some scholars believe the “discovery of Egyptian papyrus represents the first tangible connection between early Irish Christianity and the Middle-Eastern Coptic Church.”
Two pages of the Psalter are currently displayed at the National Museum of Ireland and because they are so sensitive to light, they can only be displayed three months at a time. It is regarded as one of the greatest finds in Ireland since the Ardagh Chalice.
- See more at: http://aleteia.org/2016/11/30/irish-worker-discovers-ancient-manuscript-that-links-irish-church-to-egypt/?utm_campaign=english_page&utm_medium=aleteia_en&utm_source=Facebook#link_time=1480489892
Labels: Apocalypse, Books, Communism, Land of the Free, The Revolution
"Victoria": Exclusive First Look
From Veranda:
Do you miss "Downton Abbey" with every fiber of your period-piece-loving being? Fear not, Victoria is here to ease your suffering. The PBS drama tells the story of a young Queen Victoria as she finds her footing as England's unlikely regina and falls in love with Prince Albert, the most emo man of all time. The show can best be described as stunning, addictive, "why am I not an 18th century English royal?" inducing, and ridiculously romantic — i.e. exactly what you need to get you through this winter. (Read more.)
Labels: At the Movies, Politics, Princesses, Queens of England
An American Martyr
From The Catholic Herald:
Fr Rother, born on March 27, 1935, on his family’s farm near Okarche, Oklahoma, was brutally murdered on July 28, 1981, in a Guatemalan village where he ministered to the poor. He went to Santiago Atitlan in 1968 on assignment from the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City. He helped the people there build a small hospital, school and its first Catholic radio station. He was beloved by the locals, who called him “Padre Francisco.” Many priests and religious in Guatemala became targets during the country’s 1960-1996 civil war as government forces cracked down on leftist rebels supported by the rural poor. The bodies of some of Fr Rother’s deacons and parishioners were left in front of his church and soon he received numerous death threats over his opposition to the presence of the Guatemalan military in the area. (Read more.)
Labels: Jesus, Land of the Free, Martyrs, The Persecuted Church, The Revolution
Shrine of St. Olaf Discovered
The Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research (NIKU) announced Nov. 11 that its researchers had discovered the foundations of a wooden church where the body of King Olaf Haraldsson was taken immediately after he was declared a saint in 1031. St. Olaf, as he is now known, conquered and consolidated Norway in 1016 but held on to rule for a little more than a decade before his power was threatened by Canute I, king of Denmark and England. Olaf died in the Battle of Stiklestad in 1030. Now, archaeologists say they've found a key location in the king's posthumous journey from martyr to Norway's patron saint. (Read more.)
Labels: Archaeology, Saints, Scandinavia, Science
Madame Auguié
Here is a portrait of the lovely Adélaïde Genet, Madame Auguié, by Anne Vallayer-Coster. She was the younger sister of Madame Campan, Marie-Antoinette's femme de chambre, and was likewise in the Queen's service. Marie-Antoinette called her ma lionne or "my lioness" because of her thick, beautiful hair. Madame Auguié was one of the ladies who saved the Queen from being torn to pieces in her bedroom when the mob broke into Versailles in October, 1789. After the Queen's death, Madame Auguié leaped to her death from a window. One of her daughters was Madame Ney. There is more about Madame Auguié and the Queen's other ladies in Marie-Antoinette, Daughter of the Caesars. Share
Labels: Art, Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette, The Revolution
Patsy Jefferson and the Nuns
There was a period when Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benjamin Franklin were all in Paris at the same time. Franklin was there as our first ambassador to the court of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. His job was get funds from France to bankroll the Revolution, and to cement a military alliance so we would win the war. Jefferson and Adams were there as commerce commissioners whose task it was to arrange an import/export trade deal with the French. Being in Catholic France was a new experience for all of them, and we know that the Church made a profound impression on one of Jefferson’s daughters, Patsy, and on one of Adams’ sons, John Quincy.
Polly and Patsy Jefferson were in their early teens when they arrived in Paris, so one of Jefferson’s first tasks was to find a suitable school for his daughters. All of his new French acquaintances recommended an elite convent school, l’Abbaye Royal de Panthemont in the Faubourg Saint-Germain. There the girls studied mathematics, history, geography, and they learned modern languages. It was a splendid education, of a kind that very few girls received back in America. Jefferson’s daughters also learned to play the harpsichord from Claude Balbastre, the organist at the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
In addition to operating a school, the nuns also offered rooms to aristocratic ladies who sought a quiet retreat from their troubles—the lack of a husband, the death of a husband, or the separation from a husband. One of the ladies living at the Panthemont at the same time as Polly and Patsy was Josephine de Beauharnais, the future lover, wife, and empress of Napoleon.
Over time, the life of the nuns made an impression on Patsy Jefferson. On April 18, 1788, Jefferson received a brief note from his daughter: Patsy formally requested her father’s permission to join the nuns at the abbey. Jefferson sent no reply. Instead, he took Patsy shopping, spending more than one thousand francs on new clothes and shoes for her, and 48 francs for a ring. He also permitted her to attend balls and other entertainments. If his aim had been to make his daughter give up her dream of a religious vocation by enticing her with the pleasures of the world, it worked; Patsy abandoned any thought of changing her religion and becoming a nun. Once the problem had resolved, Jefferson had himself driven to the Panthemont, and after a brief conversation with the abbess, withdrew Patsy and Polly from the convent school. (Read more.)
Labels: Land of the Free, Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette, Politics
The Forgotten Precepts of the Church
I was taught that there are six. From Church Pop:
Catholics are not supposed to receive the Eucharist in a state of mortal sin, and the Sacrament of Confession is the means by which a person can be cleansed of mortal sin. Since you are required to receive the Eucharist at least once a year (see precept 3), and since the Church is realistic about human sin, you have to go to Confession at least once a year. But that’s just the bare minimum. So that you can receive the Eucharist more often than once a year, and for the salvation of your soul, most Catholics probably need to be going to Confession with some sort of regularity throughout the year. (Read more.)
Labels: Jesus, Scripture, The Holy Father
Charlemagne and the Saxons
From author Kim Rendfeld:
Neither side is innocent. The Saxons burned churches and killed indiscriminately, the latter perhaps as a thanksgiving to the war god. As for the Franks, in 782, Charles issued a capitulary that among other things called for the death of anyone who didn’t convert to Christianity.
In 789, Alcuin was optimistic about the spread of Christianity and for good reason. The Saxon war leader Widukind had accepted baptism four years before, and the peace thus far held. Alcuin asked a friend how the Saxons took his preaching, and a few months later, he praised Charles for pressuring the Saxons to convert whether it was with rewards or threats.
Three years later, Charles’s wars with the Saxons had restarted. Other contemporary sources complain that the Saxons broke their oaths. The entry in the Lorsch annals invokes Proverbs and compares the Saxons’ reverting to paganism, burning churches, and killing priests “as a dog returns to its vomit.”
Alcuin took a more nuanced approached in 796. Writing to Arno, a former student and bishop of Salzburg, Alcuin advised, “And be a preacher of compassion, not an exactor of tithes … It is tithes, men say, that have destroyed the faith of the Saxons.” (Read more.)
Labels: Germany, Queens of France, Saints, The Persecuted Church
An English Rose
Philippa was the daughter of the future Henry IV, the last child born in his marriage to Mary de Bohun. Philippa’s birth in 1394 led to Mary’s death, and her early childhood must have been rather confusing, what with her father being exiled by Richard II in 1398, only to return in 1399, depose the king, and claim the crown himself. In one fell swoop, Philippa became a princess.
Henry’s usurpation was not welcomed everywhere, testament to which was the plot which had as its goal to murder Henry and his four sons while they were celebrating Twelfth Night at Windsor. Somehow, Henry got wind of the plot (some say due to a kind-hearted whore, some say due to the guilty conscience of one of the would-be plotters) and managed to gather up his brood and flee to the safety of London. While there was never any intention to kill Philippa or her older sister, I imagine these events would have affected a five-year-old. They certainly had a major impact on Henry, who would never feel entirely secure on his throne, not even when Richard II met his timely death some weeks later. (Read more.)
Labels: Politics, Princesses, Queens of England, Scandinavia
At the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
From EWTN:
An astonishing discovery has been made during repair work to the Edicule -- the ancient chamber housing Jesus' tomb in Jerusalem's Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Scientists have reported extraordinary phemonena that may support the authenticity of the Holy Shroud of Turin.
On October 26, 27 and 28, 2016 a group of scientists and religious authorities oversaw the removal of the marble slab that covers the tomb of Christ. Marie-Armelle Beaulieu, editor-in-chief of Terre Sainte Magazine, reports that some of the measuring instruments used by scientists were altered by electromagnetic disturbances when they were placed directly on the stone in which Christ’s body rested. The scientists reports that their measuring devices either malfunctioned or ceased to work at all. Aleteia reports
The phenomenon was confirmed by one of the scientists authorized to access the tomb. Later, one of the heads of the building and construction team, Antonia Moropoulou, indicated that it is really hard to imagine that someone would be willing to put in danger his or her reputation just because of a “publicity stunt.” Moreover, the journalist testifies to the scientists’ surprise during the opening of the slab: they hoped that the grave would be much lower than it was. Their conclusion: previously performed analyses with the instruments seemed to have been distorted by an electromagnetic disturbance.
The observation of unusual electromagnetic disturbances at the tomb of Our Lord may support a scientific hypothesis proposed to explain the creation of the mysterious image on the Holy Shroud of Turin. After five years of study and experiments scientists at Italy's National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development [ENEA] concluded that the Shroud of Turin cannot be a 'medieval fake'. The ENEA study proposed that the image may have been created by an intense source of light, but no man-made light would produce the required strength. (Read more.)
Labels: Apocalypse, Jesus, Scripture
Rescuers of Victorian Art
In the early 1960s, Andrew Lloyd Webber, while a pupil at Westminster School, came across an unframed canvas in a shop on the Fulham Road and instantly fell in love with it. The painting, or at least what he could see of it through a thick film of dirt, showed a slumbrous young woman, swathed in diaphanous hot orange, sprawled heavily across a sofa, the sky molten behind her. The owner of the shop – it would be pushing it to call it a gallery – told his young customer that the painting was by a former president of the Royal Academy, Lord Leighton. Schoolboy Lloyd Webber didn’t have the £50 necessary to buy the grubby canvas and his grandmother, when beseeched to cough up the cash, growled: “I will not have Victorian junk in my flat.” Instead, Flaming June went to the Museo de Arte de Ponce in Puerto Rico, from where it was recently granted a rare exeat. In recent weeks it has been making a guest appearance at Leighton House, the grand studio-mansion in Holland Park where Frederic Leighton lived and worked for the last three decades of his life. The painting, long primped back to luminous loveliness, is now worth … well, no one will say exactly, probably because no one really knows, but it must be multiples of millions.
Like any endlessly repeated story, the discovery of Flaming June after 60 years in hiding has acquired the patina of a fairytale, with the painting cast as a princess disguised in dirty rags and Lloyd Webber as the heroic prince who realises her true worth. But he wasn’t the only young knight in that psychedelic decade who embarked on a quest to rescue the despised art of the previous century. Rob Dickins, subsequently chairman of Warner Music UK, was another creative mogul in the making who took to haunting country house sales and obscure provincial auctions in the hope of finding something wonderful buried among the dismal junk. The museum curator turned newspaper critic Richard Dorment was another, as was Richard Ormond, soon to become 19th-century curator at the National Portrait Gallery. (Read more.)
Labels: Art, Beauty, Queens of England
Napoleon and Talleyrand
How Napoleon tried unsuccessfully to shame and humiliate Talleyrand. I love this story. From Nobility:
Napoleon began with a few remarks…to the effect that his…Ministers had no right even to think for themselves, far less to give their thoughts expression. To doubt was for them the beginning of treason, to differ from him was the crime itself. With that he turned upon Talleyrand, who, in a characteristically graceful and negligent attitude, was half leaning against a small table by the fire. For one solid half-hour, without interruption, a steady flow of invective poured from the Emperor’s lips. There was hardly a crime omitted from the indictment, hardly a word of abuse that was not applied. He was told that he had never worthily performed a single duty, that he had deceived everyone with whom he had ever dealt, that he did not believe in God and would sell his own father. He was accused of responsibility for the execution of the Duke of Enghien and for the Peninsular War. Maddened by the impassivity of his victim, the Corsican lost all control and proceeded to taunt him with his lameness and to throw in his face the infidelity of his wife. Finally, shaking his fist and seeming to be upon the point of striking him, he informed his Vice-Grand Elector, in the language of the camp, that he was nothing but so much dung in a silk stocking….Talleyrand never changed his attitude. No spark of color appeared in his pale cheeks. No flicker of an eyelid betrayed the fact that he was conscious of being addressed. (Read more.)
Labels: Books, Enfants de France, Madame Royale, Politics, Princesses, The Revolution, Tyrants
The Great Vanderbilt Masquerade Ball
From Messy Nessy Chic:
Invites had been hand delivered by uniformed servants and the press had been invited beforehand to take exclusive photographs of the decor and build the hype. The Vanderbilts were trying to flex their muscles for New York’s high society, particularly Mrs. Alva Vanderbilt, the new ambitious wife of William Kissam Vanderbilt, grandson to Cornelius “Commodore” Vanderbilt, the shipping and railroad mogul who had struck it rich after the Industrial Revolution.
To society snobs of the day, such as the Astor family, the Vanderbilts were still “new money”. When an infamous “list of 400” was circulated by Mrs. Astor (aided by social arbiter Ward McAllister), identifying the people who could be counted as members of New York’s “Fashionable Society” amongst the vastly increasing rich families of the Gilded Age, the Vanderbilts were deliberately left off the list.
Mrs. Astor did not receive an invitation to the Vanderbilt ball. Nor did her daughter Carrie Astor, who had been excitedly preparing her costume and dancing skills for weeks. When all their friends received invitations except for them, Mrs. Astor was going to have to do some grovelling.
As the gossip stories go, Alva (pictured above) claimed that since Mrs. Astor had never called on the Vanderbilt home on Fifth Avenue to introduce herself formally, she had no address to send an invite. Mrs. Astor begrudgingly dropped in on the French chateau style mansion that overshadowed all the other luxurious homes on the street and left her visiting card. The following day, the Astor’s received their invite. (Read more.)
Labels: Architecture, Art, Land of the Free, Style
How Complaining Rewires Your Brain
From HackSpirit:
Are you a complainer? Do you sometimes feel like anything you do can be complained about? Complaining feels good, like how smoking and eating chocolate feel good. It lets us vent our negativity. Although we know it’s not necessarily good for us but we do it anyway as a guilty pleasure.
Researchers have found that not only does complaining express our negativity, it rewires the brain to focus more on negative ideas. Is this a good thing? Not if you want to be a grumpy old lady that nobody likes. The neurons in your brain start branching out to each other when behaviors have been repeated. So the more you complain the more likely it becomes easier to complain, and you won’t even realize you’re doing it. Soon enough complaining will become your default behavior, making the bonds between the neurons more permanent. As scientists often say, “Neurons that fire together, wire together”. (Read more.)
Labels: Health, Science
The Unmatched Discipline of the Prussian Army Unde...
Miniature of the Duc de Normandie (Louis XVII)
Cleopatra Unconquered
Words Are Not Enough
Is Storytelling Becoming Obsolete?
Pierre Gouthière
Wanting to Love the Pope
"Grass Widow"
Dress from the Sea
General Mattis on the Importance of Reading
IVF and Infertility
Georgia O'Keefe: Color and Strength
Vatican Ostpolitik and the Death of Fidel Castro
Holiday Plans
Life Under ISIS
Setting Fitness Goals
The Medieval Palace of Westminster
Castro's Atrocities
The Perfect Bath
Marie-Antoinette au Cachot
The Dictator and the Dissident
Ten Medieval Knightly Orders
The Poetry of Scarves
Trump and the Catholic Church
The Mysterious Death of Edgar Allan Poe
Tradition with a Twist
The Rise of the Catholic Right in France
God is a Mathematician?
A Rainbow of Ribbons
The Pumpkin Papers Revisited
Restoration London
Napa Soap
How Journalism Turns Into Propaganda
Catholicism, Science and Meridian Lines
The Poetry of Passementerie
Christian Persecution in America
Of Reverence at Prayer
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The Hungarian Railway Museum Foundation was set up by MÁV Rt. and MÁV Nosztalgia Kft. in November 1999. The registered office of the foundation is at the museum at 95 Tatai út, Budapest, 1142. The objectives of the Foundation are to collect the railway relics of the past; to develop and operate a permanent railway exhibition; and to maintain the vehicles exhibited and operated at the Museum. The Foundation promotes research aimed at the history and development of the railway. The Hungarian Railway Museum Foundation welcomes any support for the operation and development of the Museum and for the restoration, maintenance and preservation of the vintage rolling stock from private individuals and businesses who feel that it is important to preserve the technical relics of the Hungarian railways for the benefit of our citizens in the future.
The Board of the Hungarian Railway Museum Foundation is chaired by Mr. Lajos Horváth.
Donations can be made to the bank account of the Hungarian Railway Museum Foundation, 10201006-50078161, held by Kereskedelmi és Hitelbank Rt.
You can donate 1% of your personal income tax to the Hungarian Railway Museum.
Our tax number: 18168341-2-42
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PARLANTI is a modern and dynamic law firm providing professional, efficient and reliable legal services in accordance with high quality standards to local and international individuals and companies.
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PARLANTI Law Firm is member of Italian Chamber of Commerce in Istanbul and Izmir and registered in the lists of reliable lawyers of foreign diplomatic missions in Italy such as the Embassy of Turkey in Rome.
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Tommaso Parlanti is a well-recognized lawyer based in Italy with expertise in international trade law, litigation, corporate and commercial legal advisory.
After graduation from University of Florence Faculty of Law attended the Post Graduate School for Specialization in Legal Professions in the same university. After that, Parlanti continued his training internship in a renowned Law Office in Florence and also collaboration with law offices in Milan. Then he successfully got through the State Professional Qualifying Examination for Attorney at Law and started his own law firm in 2008.
Parlanti has gained professional skills in the fields of Civil Law, Family Law, Enforcement Law, Foreigners Law, Refugee and Immigration Law, European Union Law, Commercial Law, international commercial and legal relations, especially with regard to the ones relating to the Italy – Turkey connections and investments. He assists many large scale and international clients in avoiding or resolving disputes and regulatory issues through negotiation, mediation, arbitration and litigation.
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Parlanti, besides his independent practice as Attorney at Law, collaborates as legal consultant for Italian Law with many foreign Law and Consulting Offices. He is also listed as lawyer at the Turkish Embassy in Rome, Turkish Commercial Office in Rome, Turkish Consulate in Florence. He is member of Italian Chambers of Commerce of Istanbul and Izmir, Turkey.
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Home » Mint of Finland » Finland Issues 4th Coin In Presidents Series
Finland Issues 4th Coin In Presidents Series
22 Nov, 2016 in Mint of Finland / New Releases tagged 2016 / bi-metallic / commemorative / Finland / Mint of Finland / presidents / proof / uncirculated by Numisman
The Mint of Finland is maintaining it's brisk issuing pace with the latest coin in the Presidents of Finland Series. The coin series forms a part of the Finland 100 celebrations that commemorate a century of Finnish independence, and will culminate in 2017.
Finland 2016 President Kyösti Kallio Coin Reverse
This, the fourth coin in the series, pays homage to the fourth President of Finland, Kyösti Kallio (1873 - 1940) who served Finland as her president from 1937 to 1940. He was elected as president by a coalition of centrist and social democratic(Agrarian and Progressive) parties. Kallio tendered his notice of resignation on 27 November 1940, after having suffered a stroke on August 27 of the same year. His intention was to leave the capital and retire to his farm at Nivala after the farewell ceremony on the evening of 19 December 1940. He attended the event but then collapsed and died that same night at the Helsinki Central Railway Station in the arms of his adjutant before a guard of honour while a band played the patriotic Finnish march Porilaisten Marssi.
President Kyösti Kallio at the Helsinki Central Railway Station on December 19, 1940
The above photo was taken by Hugo Sundström mere seconds before he suffered a fatal heart attack.
The reverse of this bi-metallic coin features a three-quarter portrait of Kallio, facing right. The legend is inscribed at the top half of the coin, along the rim on the outer ring and reads : “KYÖSTI KALLIO 1873 - 1940”
Finland 2016 Presidents of Finland 5 Euro Coin Obverse
The obverse is the same design common to the entire Presidents of Finland series. The obverse design is an abstract depiction with rural Finnish fields in the background. The foreground bears the outline of an open book that contains the urbanised environment. The obverse legend is divided into four sections along the outer ring, at the 12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock positions. This reads : “FINLAND, 2016, 5 EURO and SUOMI”. To the right of “FINLAND” appears the mintmark of the Mint of Finland and to the left the letter ”L” which stands for Tero Lounas, who designed the series. The motif is meant to symbolise the president's mandate from the people.
This legal tender €5 coin is comprised of an cupru-nickel other ring and an aluminium-bronze inner disc. The coin measures 27.5 mm(1.0826 inches) in diameter and weighs in at 9.8grams. A total of 6000 proof coins and 30 000 uncirculated coins have been minted for a combined total mintage of 36000 coins.
This brings the planned Presidents of Finland series to it's halfway point and marks the last coin in the series to be issued in 2016. The remaining four coins are slated for release during 2017 and will commemorate the presidencies of Risto Ryti, C.G.E. Mannerheim, J.K. Paasikivi and U.K. Kekkonen.
Finland 2016 President Kyösti Kallio Proof Coin Packaging
The coins are available to order directly from the Mint of Finland and are available in a variety of packages. The Proof coin is listed at €22.00(US$23.35) in a special blister pack. The uncirculated coin is shipped on a presentation card for €10.00(US$10.60) each. There is also a special box containing ten uncirculated coins that is available to order at €62.00(US$65.80).
You can view the complete series at the WNN Gallery section by clicking HERE
← Australian 2017 New Year’s Silver $1 Coin
America The Beautiful Quarters Proof Set Available →
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Center for Excellence in Disabilities
Health Sciences Center
WVATS
CED Home
West Virginia Assistive Technology System
Assistive Technology Laws / Policy
Download a PDF of this Document
Listed below are a few important laws and policies that impact assistive technology. Because Federal laws are amended regularly, web site addresses and phone numbers are listed that will provide current up-to-date information on the laws and policies.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, state and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation and telecommunications. The law has four sections, or "Titles".
For more information about the Americans with Disabilities Act, you can go to the following web sites www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/cguide.htm or www.ada.gov.
For general ADA information, answers to specific technical questions, free ADA materials or information about filing a complaint, call 800-514-0301 (Voice) or 800-514-0383 (TTY).
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Was initially passed in 1975. That law, known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act guaranteed that eligible children and youth with disabilities would have a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) designed to meet their educational needs. IDEA has been amended many times since passing in 1975, and most recently in 2004.
Children with disabilities sometimes need and are entitled to special equipment and services to ensure they have access to a free and appropriate education. During the Individualized Education Program (IEP) process, assistive technology must be considered for every child and then provided if required in a child's IEP to access a free and appropriate public education.
For more information about IDEA, you can visit the following web site www.ed.gov/policy/speced/guid/idea/idea2004.html or call the West Virginia Office of Special Programs, Extended & Early Learning (OSP) at 800-642-8541.
West Virginia Birth to Three Is authorized and partially funded under Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. All eligible children and their families are entitled to an array of early intervention services. Assistive technology is one of several services that may be identified as needed on an eligible child's Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP). Eligibility is based on several factors.
Services are administered by the Department of Health and Human Resources, Bureau for Public Health, Office of Maternal, Child and Family Health in cooperation with the Early Intervention Interagency Coordinating Council (ICC).
For more information, call 800-642-9704 or visit www.wvdhhr.org/mcfh/birth23.
Rehabilitation Act Includes provisions for the use of assistive technology in post-secondary training and workplace accommodations.
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by Federal agencies, in programs receiving Federal financial assistance, in Federal employment and in the employment practices of Federal contractors. The standards for determining employment discrimination under the Rehabilitation Act are the same as those used in Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Section 504 prohibits discrimination to service availability, accessibility, delivery, employment and the administrative activities and responsibilities of organizations receiving Federal financial assistance.
For more information about Section 504 go to www.hhs.gov/ocr/504.html or call 800-368-1019 (Voice) or 800-537-7697 (TDD).
Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act Requires that all electronic and information technologies developed and used by any Federal government agency must be accessible to people with disabilities. This includes web sites, video and audio tapes, electronic books, televised programs and other media. Individuals with disabilities may still have to use special hardware and/or software to access the resources. Section 508 does not apply to the private sector or to organizations that receive Federal funds.
For more information about Section 508 go to www.section508.gov or call 202-501-4906.
Assistive Technology Act Also known as the 'Tech Act' provides funds to states to support an assistive technology state plan to increase access to and acquisition of assistive technology for individuals with disabilities in education, employment, community living and information technology/telecommunications.
For more information about West Virginia's Assistive Technology Act program contact the West Virginia Assistive Technology System (WVATS), at West Virginia University Center for Excellence in Disabilities. Call 800-841-8436 or visit wvats.cedwvu.org.
Protection and Advocacy for Assistive Technology (PAAT) Is designed to increase access to assistive technology (AT) for individuals with disabilities. To be eligible, a person must have a disability and be in need of an assistive technology device or service.
PAAT can help a person obtain funding for a device that needs to be purchased or modified for the purpose of increasing their independence. The scope of PAAT's advocacy may include (but is not limited to) providing information, negotiating policy changes, or formally challenging denials and barriers.
West Virginia Advocates provide the PAAT program in West Virginia. Call 304-346-0847 (voice/TDD), 800-950-5250 (voice/TDD) or visit www.wvadvocates.org for more information.
Medicare Law Medicare is a federally funded system of health and hospital insurance for U.S. citizens age sixty-five or older, for younger people receiving Social Security benefits and for persons needing dialysis or kidney transplants for the treatment of end-stage renal disease.
Medicare will pay for services and equipment that it deems reasonable and necessary. A prescription from a professional such as a physician that describes your condition and how the device in question will help you is needed for services.
For more information, call 800-MEDICARE (800-633-4227) or (TTY) 877-486-2048 or visit www.medicare.gov.
Medicaid Law Medicaid is a medical assistance program jointly financed by state and federal governments for low income individuals.
For more information, visit www.cms.hhs.gov/home/medicaid.asp or call your local Health Department.
Health Check (EPSDT) Children under the age of 21 who receive Medicaid can participate in the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) Program. A child may receive Medicaid and EPSDT even if the family does not qualify for Medicaid. Children are entitled to many medically necessary services under the EPSDT Program including assistive technology devices that are prescribed by a doctor.
The Agent Orange Benefits Act Establishes benefits for Vietnam veterans' children born with spina bifida. Benefits include: lifetime health care services for spina bifida and 'any disability associated' with spina bifida, a monthly monetary allowance, Veterans Affairs vocational training and rehabilitation services. Durable Medical Equipment (DME) and equipment and supplies needed for rehabilitation are covered under the Act.
Spina bifida coverage was extended by two laws: The Women's Vietnam Veterans' Children's Birth Defect Benefits Act of 2003 extended spina bifida coverage to children of women veterans. The Veteran's Benefit Act of 2003 expanded benefit eligibility to children with spina bifida who were born to certain Vietnam-era veterans who served in Korea near the demilitarized zone.
The Spina Bifida Program provides monetary allowances, vocational training and rehabilitation to birth children with spina bifida. It covers most health care services and supplies, including assistive technology that is medically or psychologically necessary for the treatment of conditions related to spina bifida.
For more information or to initiate the application process, call 800-827-1000.
The Hearing Aid Compatibility Act of 1988 Requires that all telephone equipment manufactured or imported for use in the United States after August 1989 be compatible with hearing aids.
For more information, visit www.fcc.gov/cgb/dro or call the FCC's Consumer Center at 888-CALL-FCC (888-225-5322) (Voice) or 888-TELL-FCC (888-835-5322) (TTY).
The Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990, Section 3 States that people who are deaf or hearing impaired should have access to information and entertainment via television medium to the fullest extent possible through technology. This law requires that new televisions with at least a 13-inch screen must have the built-in capacity to display closed-captioned TV transmissions.
For more information, visit www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/unframed/47/303.html.
Telecommunications Act of 1996 Title I requires that telecommunications equipment and services be accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities. For more information, visit www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/unframed/47/225.html. Title III discusses rules on closed captions and video descriptions of video programming.
For more information, visit www.fcc.gov/telecom.html or call the FCC's Consumer Center at 888-CALL-FCC (888-225-5322) (Voice) or 888-TELL-FCC (888-835-5322) (TTY).
Workforce Investment Act of 1998 In the vocational rehabilitation process, this law defines assistive technology and its use in job planning, acquisition and retention of people with disabilities.
For more information, visit www.doleta.gov/usworkforce/wia/act.cfm or call the U.S. Department of Labor at 877-US-2JOBS (877-872-5627).
Help America Vote Act Was passed by Congress in 2002 to ensure that every American has equal access to the polls. Federal funding is distributed to each state to ensure that every polling site has at least one accessible voting machine for private and independent voting by persons with disabilities.
For more information, visit www.fec.gov/hava/hava.htm or call the Federal Election Commission at 800-424-9530 or 202-219-3336 (TTY).
Center for Excellence in Disabilities at West Virginia University
959 Hartman Run Road
e-mail: wvats@hsc.wvu.edu
All printed materials are made available in braille, electronic format, cassette tape and large print.
Virtual Loan Library and Exchange System
WVATS Services
WVATS Advisory Council
AT Needs Assessment Survey
WVATS - Morgantown
Email: wvats@hsc.wvu.edu
Follow WVATS on:
Follow WVU CED on:
WVU Health Science Center
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What I'm Reading: AS YOU WISH
Like many people out there, I'd read and loved The Princess Bride, by William Goldman. Its subtitle says it's "S. Morgenstern's Classic Tale of True Love and High Adventure,"which is the framing device Goldman used to make his novel that much more off-kilter.
The story Goldman told, with the beautiful Princess Buttercup and her dashing Man in Black swashbuckling their way through a fire swamp, pirates, giants, swordsmen, evildoers and Rodents of Unusual Size, was hard to define -- Was it children's adventure? Satire? Fantasy? Romance? -- but it found an audience with the right slightly snarky frame of mind to embrace it. But that was as far as it went for a long time. The Princess Bride script became famous as, year after year, it landed on lists of the best undeveloped properties in Hollywood.
I remember discussing it with the friend who gave me a copy of The Princess Bride. My half of the conversation was something like, "I love this book. I love this book. I want a movie! How can it not get picked up?" But there it sat, until Rob Reiner decided he wanted to direct a movie of The Princess Bride. With all the challenges inherent in the material, it got made and released in 1987. And it was beautiful.
The Princess Bride, the movie, did OK at the box office, nothing major. But after it came and went in movie theaters, The Princess Bride came back to life, not unlike Westley in the hands of Miracle Max. Suddenly it had cult status. It was revived in film festivals, it made lists of the best movies ever, and fans held conventions where they could dress up as their favorite characters and run around telling people, "Hello! My name is Inigo Montoya! You killed my father! Prepare to die!"
Cary Elwes has a unique perspective on The Princess Bride. He was immersed in it. A young actor with only a few credits when he was cast as Westley, the boy who is smitten with Princess Buttercup and will strive to do whatever she asks, he approached it with awe and excitement, as well as a sense of joy, that he got to work on this particular film with these particular people. As he says in As You Wish, the book he's written about his behind-the-scenes (actually inside-the-scenes) experience, "I think we all knew knew we were part of something special. Did we think the movie would become an enduring pop-culture phenomenon? Of course not. But did we feel involved in something truly unique? Definitely. For myself I just felt enormously grateful to be there. To be involved in a project with so many gifted people, not to mention getting to be in a film written by the legendary William Goldman an directed by the remarkable Rob Reiner. Life is good, I thought."
Elwes talks at length about how much he enjoyed each of his colleagues, coming back to his appreciation for Reiner again and again, with lovely stories about Reiner and Goldman as well Andre the Giant, Billy Crystal, Christopher Guest, Carol Kane, Mandy Patinkin, Chris Sarandon, Fred Savage, Wallace Shawn, Robin Wright, and the experts who taught them fencing as well as a diminutive stuntman who played a Rodent of Unusual Size. Quotes from most of them are scattered throughout the book.
Elwes' tone is congenial and charming throughout, even when things get sticky, like his experience sitting immobile and covered in plaster of Paris with straws up his nose to get a mold for his pirate mask, the laborious process of learning to fence like an expert for the Greatest Swordfight in Modern History, or having to rescue his leading lady after she's been set on fire and dropped into a pit of quicksand. Elwes himself comes off just as "fearless and elegant, romantic and brave" as the character he's playing. Well done, Cary.
As You Wish takes the reader past the filming of The Princess Bride into its initial lukewarm reception at the box office and through its rebirth, all the way to the 25th reunion of the cast when it was screened at Lincoln Center, with love flowing from the crowd of fans shouting along to all the lines. It's the happy ending you wish for all for favorites, and not unlike the ending in the movie.
As You Wish is available at Amazon and Barnes and Noble online, and there is still just enough time to get it for Christmas for The Princess Bride lovers on your list.
Posted by JulieK at 1:28 PM
Labels: Cary Elwes, Rob Reiner, Robin Wright, The Princess Bride, William Goldman
JAC December 22, 2017 at 11:05 AM
This book's existence feels like a special gift, just for me. Because if there's any movie for which I want to read an I-was-there book -- one that will tell me what it was like to work with each of those performers and craftspeople -- it's this one. And if there's a member of the cast whom I would ideally prefer to be the author, it's Cary Elwes. And he tells me literally everything I wanted to know. (What did he think when he first saw Robin Wright? How did he manage to train for that sword fight? What was it like to be around Andre the Giant?) Thank you for noticing my wish list, Mr. Elwes.
JulieK December 22, 2017 at 11:36 AM
He comes off so incredibly charming and happy as out narrator, even when he jumped into the pit and all that. Given the times we're in, I kept thinking as I read, "Don't let a creep come in and ruin this for everyone!" But they all got along beautifully and it was a great experience for all of them, even the neurotic ones! What a joy.
Normal Theater Ends 2017 and Begins 2018 with BOMB...
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What I'm Reading: THE PERFORMING SET
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Nutcrackers, Nutcrackers Everywhere!
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Argosy Names New Senior Vice President of Operations
ALTON, Illinois – (Press Release) -- Argosy Gaming Company (NYSE: AGY) today announced the appointment of Virginia McDowell to the position of Senior Vice President of Operations, pending regulatory approval.
McDowell, a member of the Argosy management team since she joined the company in 1997, was most recently Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing and will retain her responsibilities for Marketing and MIS. McDowell replaces Jim Gulbrandsen in her new position. Gulbrandsen remains a Senior Vice President with the Company, but will focus more on Argosy's strategic growth by lending his operational expertise to the development team.
"Virginia has proven herself to be an invaluable asset to the company over the years," said Richard J. Glasier, President & CEO. "We're very pleased to have someone with her level of expertise to help Argosy as we move forward to the next level."
A seasoned executive with over twenty years of experience in the gaming industry, McDowell worked in Atlantic City for fifteen years prior to joining Argosy. She began her casino career as a publicist, and held senior management positions in public relations, entertainment and casino marketing before being promoted to Vice President of Business Development at Tropicana Casino and Resort, at the time the largest casino megafacility in Atlantic City. Prior to her gaming career, she served as a production assistant working in both radio and television at WCAU, the CBS network affiliate in Philadelphia, PA.
Argosy Gaming Company is a leading owner and operator of riverboat casinos and related entertainment and hotel facilities in the midwestern and southern United States. Argosy owns and operates the Alton Belle Casino in Alton, Illinois, serving the St. Louis metropolitan market; the Argosy Casino-Riverside in Missouri, serving the greater Kansas City metropolitan market; the Argosy Casino-Baton Rouge in Louisiana; the Argosy Casino-Sioux City in Iowa; the Argosy Casino-Lawrenceburg in Indiana, serving the Cincinnati and Dayton metropolitan markets; and the Empress Casino Joliet in Illinois serving the greater Chicagoland market
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PENN STATE UNIVERSITY MEDIA CONFERENCE
Bill O'Brien
JEFF NELSON: Thanks. Welcome to our weekly teleconference with Coach O'Brien. We will start with questions. Go ahead.
Q. Bill, now that you have had a chance to review the film, why do you think your team committed so many penalties against Ohio State?
COACH O'BRIEN: Really, to be frank with you, Rich, we have moved on from Ohio State and moved on to Purdue. Hopefully we have corrected the mistakes from that game in practice and will continue to do that over the next three days here, but we have a big challenge for us at Purdue, and we've turned the page. We're working on Purdue and we turned the page on Monday.
Q. Bill, you talked a little bit about Purdue yesterday. What's the bigger challenge in your mind? Dealing with the size of their defensive tackles or just getting ready for their multiple offense?
COACH O'BRIEN: Well, both are challenges, Bob. I tell you, starting with our offense versus their defense, their two inside tackles are very, very good players with Short and Gaston. These guys are active, they're big, strong, physical, they have a good size secondary, linebackers that are active.
We have a big challenge ahead of us. Offensively they're a varied, multiple offense. You're going to have to defend the field both horizontally and vertically, you've got to do a great job on third down, so it's a big job for our defense.
Special teams, we've got to play better on special teams than we have in the past. Especially last week, so that's what we're trying to do is shore up some things on special teams and it's a big challenge for us.
Q. Bill, for your seniors, they're down to four games left, after everything they have been through, and how will that affect them this final month?
COACH O'BRIEN: Again, this is indicative of our football team. We have a resilient bunch of players and like I've said every single week, it's led by a fantastic senior class, a bunch of guys that have a passion for playing football for Penn State, for going to school here at Penn State, and they realize that there is only four games left, but, really, like I said in the beginning, we're just concentrating on Purdue.
They understand that they have four shots left, and it's been really neat to come to practice this week and watch these guys practice with great effort, with passion, compete against each other. Yesterday's practice, the pads were popin' and that was really good to see. Again, that's all because of our senior class and their leadership.
Q. Bill, could you provide a quick update on Kyle Carter, and also with regard to the tight end, how long has that been important to you as an offensive coach, and what do you expect from the guys that play that "F" spot?
COACH O'BRIEN: Kyle Carter is day‑to‑day, so we will have to monitor him at the end of the week and see how he can cut and do certain things, you know, obviously in the passing game to determine whether he can play or not. I know he wants to play so he's working hard to get back on the field.
That tight end position, you know, really, we've always thought that the tight end was a big part of what we've done, whether it was Georgia Tech, whether it was Maryland. Georgia Tech we had guys like J.P. Foschi, Maryland we had guys like Vernon Davis and Jeff Dugan. And obviously New England the past couple of years with Rob and Aaron. So we've always felt the F tight end and the Y.
What people have to understand is those positions are interchangable. That F guy can be a Y and that Y guy can be an F, depends on the personnel group you called and what you're trying to do with your personnel groupings. Those are two difficult positions in our offense to learn, second only to the quarterback position, because you're involved in all facets of the game. You're a route runner, a blocker, all the things that go into playing that position, so it will always be an important part of what we do here at Penn State.
Q. Yesterday you mentioned how you know you need to improve the kick‑off return game. Do you think the issues are with the guys with the balls in the hands, the returners themselves, the guys in front of them block and go how close do you think you are to fixing the problems?
COACH O'BRIEN: I tell you, it's a little bit of everything. It's the blockers, it's the scheme, got to do a better job with the scheme. Got to do a better job with the scheme. It's the return guys. It's 11 guys working together. We've got to coach it better. We've really worked on it this week and hopefully you will see improvement in it this weekend.
Again, when you're starting drives inside the 20 yard line, inside the 15 yard line, in the Big 10 it's hard to drive the ball consistently 90 yards, 85 yards. It's easier to play on a shorter field, so hopefully we can show the improvement that we think we have seen in practice, hopefully we can show that in the game on Saturday.
Q. I was wondering how Sam Ficken was looking in practice lately and is your confidence with him to the point where you will put him in in a tough situation the rest of the season?
COACH O'BRIEN: Again, you know, Sam Ficken over the last couple of weeks has had a little bit of a quad issue, so we have been monitoring that and not kicking him as much in practice and, again, we have confidence in Sam's ability, but we have had to monitor his leg over the last couple of weeks, so that's what we're trying to do here leading into this game, too and hopefully by the end of the week we will have a better idea of what his range can be.
Now he was able to go in Saturday and kick off and I thought he had some nice kick offs. I went for it on fourth down, and I think it would have been a 37‑yard field goal and again, that was more because I felt good about the play call and had nothing to do with my lack of confidence in Sam. I have confidence in Sam, I just felt we needed to get a first down and get in for a touchdown on that drive, so that's where we are right now.
Q. Earlier today in his interviews, John Urschel said that he thought that you got a little‑‑ the team got a little too excited for the game, and they need to calm down and stay collected. Did you see any of that?
COACH O'BRIEN: No, I didn't see‑‑ again, I respect John and his opinion. John's a highly respected guy on our team but, again, we've moved on to Purdue and that's what we're working on right now is getting ready to play Purdue.
Q. Alex Kenney, can you talk about his progress and why his role has decreased as the season has gone along and also would he be a guy that you might be looking at for kick offs, since it sounds like you're going to open up the competition this week?
COACH O'BRIEN: Sure. You know, there are a lot of positions on our football team that are very competitive. If you look on offense, the running back position is very competitive. The receiver position, the tight end position. The offensive tackle position, the guard position, especially the left guard position. Very competitive positions. So you have to go out there every single day on the practice field and you have to compete to the best of your ability.
You have to know your assignments, you have to catch the ball, you have to run good routes, you have to block properly in the running game. That's what we're striving to do with every position and at the end of the week we determine who plays based odd how they have practiced so that's what we would say for every position on the team.
In the return game we're looking at a few different guys this week and by the end of the week we will make a decision on who is returning kicks.
Q. At the risk of hitting you with another John Urschel question, he mentioned that they have been working on improved communication between the linemen and between Matt and the linemen. Do you think that's an important thing and how do you go about working on that in practice?
COACH O'BRIEN: Sure. Again, we have tried to really work on that with the music and the loud noise during practice, using signals and using different cadences that we've had and I think it's improved.
We've also met about it, I've sat down with Stank and Matt McGloin about it, two great kids, bright guys, and, again, I think it starts with me, with coaching, so we have tried to coach it better and be more detailed about this week and hopefully it will be better this week.
Q. The NASCAR offense is exceptionally demanding. How much of that can be credited to the stuff that Fitz is doing with his new strength and conditioning program?
COACH O'BRIEN: I do feel like we have a team that's in good condition. I watch these guys on Monday nights after practice we condition and we condition pretty hard and that's only two days after the game and I've been very impressed with the level of conditioning, really, since the beginning of the season.
I think that does have a lot to do with the off‑season conditioning program of Fitz, and that helps in the up‑tempo way we play. I think we practice fast, we run from drill to drill, a lot of you guys have been at practices and you can see we go from stretch to sprint to the next drill and we try to practice at a fast pace and I think that helps the level of conditioning.
Q. What do you think of Fitz' pregame routine with the worm and all that?
COACH O'BRIEN: Fitz is a flexible guy, he's a guy that's always been known for his dance moves, and I'm going to recommend him for "Dancing with the Stars" because since he's been at Penn State he's become a rock star. He does a great job.
Q. Bill, in your three losses you've been outscored 42‑3 in the third quarter. Does that concern you, and what do you have to do to play better in that quarter?
COACH O'BRIEN: That's definitely a problem, and I think that leads back to myself and coaching. We've got to do a better job of adjusting at halftime and coming out with a better plan for the third quarter.
I think in some games, like you said, that's our three losses but obviously in our five wins we have done a better job of coming out at halftime, but that's a fair criticism and we have to make sure that starting this week we do a better job at halftime.
Q. On Fitz, Mike Hull said earlier today when he was asked about the craziest thing Fitz has done, he said he licked the floor. Is he a different kinda guy?
COACH O'BRIEN: He's a very intense guy, he's a fun guy. The guys really enjoy going into the weight room. He's a bright guy.
They enjoy lifting in there, conditioning with him, they enjoy going in there and talking to him. As far as, like, licking the floor and things like that, you'll have to get him over here and you can ask him. I don't know about that.
Q. What type of defensively end has Deion Barnes been for you this year and what has his relationship went with Sean Stanley? What type of relationship do they have?
COACH O'BRIEN: Deion has been a athletic player, he's big, he's athletic, and he's rangey, he's instinctive, he understands things that he sees, offensively, he can think about what's going to happen before it happens so he's able to react faster.
He and Sean Stanley, that whole defensive line, that's a close group. Offensive lines and defensive lines are always close with each other and with their coaches, because that's a very, very physical position that they play. It's a different deal playing those positions, offensive line, defensive line, and you're getting hit on every play and it's just different. So they have close relationships with each other and with their coach.
Q. I'm wondering if there are challenges in practicing through the storm this week. I know you were inside for a lot of it, was it hard to get everybody together? Was that difficult for you guys?
COACH O'BRIEN: No, I think, again, it was rainy and windy but it wasn't anything that really held us back, it was just more of practicing inside because we felt like we could get the most done inside. I don't like going inside but because of the wind and the rain and the field conditions, again, at this point in the season I would rather go inside and get productive work rather than risk having somebody get injured on a slippery field or something like that.
We're going outside today for at least part of the practice, if not the whole practice.
Q. (No microphone.)
COACH O'BRIEN: Sure, there are always risks, that's why we'll work on the turf today, we'll go on that outdoor turf today.
Q. You have some players from NewYork and New Jersey, any of them have impacts in terms of the storm and the flooding?
COACH O'BRIEN: Again, it's a tough deal, having been in a hurricane myself in Massachusetts in the early 90s, I was in a hurricane. It's a tough deal.
I think right now all of our players' families are doing okay. Again, our thoughts and prayers go out to all those folks in New Jersey and everywhere that you're seeing on the news, it's a brutal deal, but I think our players haven't been necessarily affected by it.
Q. You were pretty hard on yourself last week after the loss. Are there one or two areas you are trying to improve on going against Purdue?
COACH O'BRIEN: Yeah, I try to do as good of a job every day of self‑critique in making sure I'm doing the best I can for these players and this University. That's every single day, whether we win or lose. I'm always trying to figure out what I could do better than the day before or the practice before or the game before. That will never change; that's what I always try to do.
Q. What have you seen out of Purdue's secondary on film, particularly their safety, Landon Feichter leading them in tackles, what stands out?
COACH O'BRIEN: Feichter, one thing that stands out is his range. He's got really good range, he can run, he's got good ball skills, he's instinctive and I would say that about the whole secondary. You're also talking about Taylor Richards, good range, instinctive player. Josh Johnson, their corner, 6‑feet tall, 200‑pound guy, he's had a good season, an aggressive player and then Ricardo Allen and Frankie Williams, the guys on the other side have played well, too. It's a big challenge for our offense and for our receivers and our tight ends in this game, no question about it.
Q. Is there an art to building a coaching staff? Do you lean on your contacts more or is there recruiting gamesmanship on keeping an eye on what good assistants are doing a good job around the country and at some point looking at bringing in outside guys.
COACH O'BRIEN: The number one I think about when I look at a staff and the number one thing I think about with regards to a recruit are their character. Are they good people? Are they honest? Do they have a great work ethic?
When it comes to coaching, are they guys, in my opinion, that I have worked with before or that I trust somebody that I know that's worked with them before and trust their opinion of them. Things like that.
We have an excellent football staff of coaches that communicate well with the players, that are smart, that have been in a lot of different situations footballwise that are good teachers and excellent recruiters, so this is a staff that can hopefully stay together for a while.
Q. In terms of balancing, retaining assistants, young assistants oftentimes have desires to move up the coaching ranks. How do you balance stability versus bringing in new coaches for fresh ideas so that your product doesn't become stale over time.
COACH O'BRIEN: Well, we just got here, Nate, so I would hope our product isn't getting stale. I haven't been here a year, it will be a year Jan 6th, so the word "stale" isn't being used, hopefully, quite yet, but at the end of the day I want our coaches to be willing to work extremely hard to do the best they can with their own careers.
I've been only a head coach for nine months; I just was there. I always wanted to be a head football coach. I think you want guys on your staff that aspire to those things, too, and some guys are older, and they don't necessarily want to be that; they just want to do the best job they can for Penn State and in their role on the staff. But this is a smart staff, a good teaching staff, a good recruiting staff, a staff that gets along together and a creative, bright staff.
So I don't see the word "stale" being used for quite a while with our staff.
Q. You were just talking about getting better every day and always wanting to improve with your coaching. What are the biggest challenges that you've encountered as a head coach eight games in now at this point?
COACH O'BRIEN: There are challenges, every day, that's a great question. There are challenges every day, whether it's administrative challenges or maybe players come into you and they have personal issues that you want to talk to them about.
The one thing that I've tried to do every single day is work extremely hard and be organized in my work. That's what I'll always try to do here and the other thing I've tried to do is be open, honest with our staff, with our players, and to make sure that everybody has an idea every single day of where they stand, what do they‑‑ you can't stay the same, you have to figure outweighs to get better.
Hopefully I've done that every day. Other than that there has been a lot of challenges, just being a first‑time head coach there is a ton of challenges. We would have to be here all day for me to tell you exactly all that there are, but there are challenges on the field, off the field, everywhere.
COACH O'BRIEN: Never been a head coach so just went into it and said I'm going to be as organized as I can be, I'm going to be as hard working as I can be, and still have time for my family, and I'm going to do the best job I can for Penn State and these players.
I can't tell you how much I enjoy these players. I've had the most fun coaching that I've had compared to any year. I had a ton of fun last year, we went to a Super Bowl, that was great, and this has been just as much if not more fun and rewarding, coaching this team and being around these players.
Q. Can you describe your adjustment and satisfaction to the Big 10 officiating process‑‑ not specifically the officiating but the process. Obviously there is going to be a couple of calls per game, do you break that tape down, send it to them? In particular the call at the end of the half, the hold. I'm curious whether that came up in terms of questioning.
COACH O'BRIEN: Right, right, okay. I respect the question but I have to be very careful on how I answer this question, because I don't want to do anything to represent Penn State in the wrong way, and I want to make sure that people know that I have a ton of respect for the Big 10 referees and Bill Carollo, the head of the referees. But after the season when we get together I'm going to have questions. I want things defined, what is this, what is that, what are we looking for, here?
And we do send‑‑ if we have questions on certain calls that were made we do send it in, but that will be one of my questions, okay, what happens when we send 'em in? We get a response, but what's done about that?
Do we try to fix the problem, do we just, okay, that was the answer, all right, next game? So those will be things I will try to address after the season, but I have a lot of respect for the Big 10 officials, they're good at communicating, and I'm sure they haven't had a lot of fun with me, certain crews haven't had a lot of fun with me, and I'm going to fight for my staff and for Penn State and that's the way I'm always going to be.
Q. You have talked about your seniors. You're not going to have a bowl game, are you seeing junior leadership develop and particularly how important for the next month or so?
COACH O'BRIEN: Great question. Yeah, I've definitely seen junior leadership show up. As a matter of fact the way our stretch lines are set up, our seniors lead, and then the first row that faces our seniors are all juniors, mostly juniors, and so I've seen‑‑ I look at those guys every day and I say those are the guys that are going to be the leaders of this football team next year with the addition of other players, like Allen Robinson and Kyle Carter, but I do see some guys there that will be leaders next year and have taken on that role this year.
Q. You talked about Sean Stanley, he had a nagging back problem earlier in the season but Saturday he had arguably his best game of the season. How have you seen him develop over the season?
COACH O'BRIEN: Sean Stanley is one of those guys, I was just talking to him in our stretch line, he plays instinctively hard and he's tough. He has played every game this year with the games he's played in, with a back issue. If you know anything about back issues to play defensive end in the Big 10 conference and play the way he plays is a credit to him. He's a tough guy, I've enjoyed watching him play and getting to know him and I wish we had him for longer than we do, but I've seen him develop and get better and better and he plays with great effort.
He almost blocked a punt the other nature and we were only in punt safe and he came close to blocking a punt because of his own effort, his own work ethic.
Q. Kyle Carter, how surprised are you with his success? Is there a tight end in New England that he most reminds you of?
COACH O'BRIEN: Yeah, I'm not surprised at all with his success. In spring practice I noticed right away that he had very good hands, he was an excellent athlete, I knew that he was going to continue to develop in the weight room with his strength and things like that and just saw where he was, a unique athlete, and that's a big, important term because he's nothing like anybody that we had in New England.
Rob Gronkowski is 6‑7, 275 pounds with a low percentage of body fat, Aaron Hernandez is 6‑4, 245, 250 pounds that runs a 4.5 40, so you're talking about totally different players, all thee of these guys, and Kyle being a college player, those guys are professional athletes, but they have different skill sets, and I haven't been surprised at all with the production that Kyle Carter has this year.
Q. I know you like to focus on what you have going here but with Danny Hope on the hot seat and Purdue needing a couple of wins to be bowl eligibility, is there any doubt in your mind that your team will be able to match their intensity on Saturday?
COACH O'BRIEN: Again, this team only has four games left and every game is a bowl game for us, every time we go out there.
You only‑‑ like baseball plays every other day, sometimes every day, basketball plays every other day. We only play once a week. We play once a week. We practice five times very hard for that one opportunity to play a game.
So, you know, regardless of whatever is going on with any team that you play, and vice versa, we've got to go out there and our players, I believe, understand that we have only four more opportunities. We only play once a week, that's all we have. So we're going to put it all out there hopefully on Saturday.
Q. If Kyle can't go, how does that impact your personnel sets and are there particular guys that you think will have to step up?
COACH O'BRIEN: If Kyle can't go, the next guys have to do an excellent job and that includes obviously Jesse James, Matt Lehman, Garry Gilliam would be involved in certain things. You know, we have talented guys in that position. That's a luxury to have three guys there, you have four total with Kyle, to play the bulk of those snaps; if one goes down you still have three. That's a pretty good deal. Those guys know what the challenge is in playing Purdue and they'll be looking forward to it.
Q. Adrian Amos got the first interception for the secondary, Saturday night. Do you and Ted pay attention to turnovers, and are there specific practice drills that you guys work on to increase that?
COACH O'BRIEN: We work every day on take aways, whether it's fumble recoveries, interception drills, tip drills, whatever it may be, we work extremely hard every single day on all of our guys and their ball skills so hopefully we will continue to see improvement on that in the weeks ahead.
THE MODERATOR: Thanks, Coach.
FastScripts Transcript by ASAP Sports
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Ancient Library of Alexandria
The Ancient Library of Alexandria by David T. Runia
Just imagine if we had copies of all the books written during the first flowering of the Greek genius from 800 B.C.E. to the Roman period. All these books actually were collected—in the great Library of Alexandria.
When not long after Alexander the Great’s death Ptolemy I became the ruler of Egypt, he decided to make the city of Alexandria the heart of Greek culture and science—in this it would surpass even Athens. He established a cultural center called the Mouseion (where our word museum comes from), a place where scholars and scientists could gather together and pursue their research.
A vital part of this research center was a library. Ptolemy and his successor Ptolemy II resolved to make it the best and most complete collection of books (really, papyrus scrolls) in the Greek world. They used their royal power to make this plan a reality. When travelers from other cities arrived in Alexandria, they were compelled to declare any books in their possession. Copies were made and the originals returned to their owners (if they were lucky). Within fifty years, the library had more than a half-million volumes, and the number kept increasing.
In at least two respects, the library of Alexandria can be linked to the Bible. First, King Ptolemy and his scholars were not interested only in Greek culture. An aspect of their scientific enterprise was a broader interest in other cultures. A Jewish document written in Greek, the Letter of Aristeas describes how the head of the library, Demetrius of Phalerum, told the king that the law books of the Jews also deserved a place in the library. But they had to be translated first. So he wrote to the high priest in Jerusalem, who sent a delegation of 72 elders to Alexandria to make the translation. This was the origin of the Greek translation of the Torah still known today as the Septuagint (“the Seventy”). It is the Bible that the New Testament quotes. Although the account in the Letter of Aristeas clearly has many legendary and unhistorical features, scholars today are now less inclined to think it wholly fanciful. The king may well have heard about the translation of the holy books of the Jews and consequently wished to include them in the Alexandrian library.
The second aspect of the library’s activities that is relevant to the Bible is the pursuit of scholarship. In the museum, scholars pored over the old manuscripts and developed techniques to determine the most accurate, earliest forms of texts. These techniques were used by early Christian scholars, and especially by the great church father Origen (189–253 C.E.), in their work on the text of the Bible.
But did the library still exist in Origen’s time? Some ancient reports say that the library was accidentally burned by the troops of Julius Caesar in 48 B.C.E., but this probably did not relate to the entire library. Sadly, however, it did later succumb to the destruction of war. Its magnificent holdings were lost. If only we still had them. In the late twentieth century, a new UNESCO-sponsored library was built in Alexandria. With its internationally acclaimed design, the new library—the Bibliotheca Alexandrina—focuses on building up a collection of books in English, French, and Arabic.
David T. Runia, "Ancient Library of Alexandria", n.p. [cited 16 Jan 2021]. Online: http://www.bibleodyssey.com/en/places/related-articles/ancient-library-of-alexandria
David T. Runia
Master and Professional Fellow, University of Melbourne
David T. Runia is master of Queen’s College at the University of Melbourne and professorial fellow in the School of Historical and Philosophical Studies. His research focuses on Greek philosophy and its relation to Judeo-Christian thought, especially as seen in the writings of the Jewish exegete and philosopher Philo of Alexandria.
Alexandria was a city in which Greek and Jewish cultures intermingled, and this had a profound impact on the development and interpretation of biblical texts.
What Is the Septuagint
Translated by Jews, the Septuagint is the ancient Greek Bible (including the Apocrypha) that became the Old Testament of the Christian church.
HarperCollins Dictionary
The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World
The Rise and Fall of Alexandria: Birthplace of the Modern Mind
The Vanished Library: A Wonder of the Ancient World
Alexandria Modern Library
A Macedonian (Greek) general who conquered the Persians and ruled over a vast empire, from Greece to the Indus River, in the 330s B.C.E.
Title designating an emperor of the Roman Empire.
Associated with a deity; exhibiting religious importance; set apart from ordinary (i.e. "profane") things.
An early (second-century B.C.E.) Jewish document considered part of the Pseudepigrapha and dealing mostly with the circumstances and rationale for the creation of the Septuagint, a Hellenistic Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.
Textual documents, usually handwritten.
A collection of first-century Jewish and early Christian writings that, along with the Old Testament, makes up the Christian Bible.
an early Christian writer who lived in the second–third centuries CE
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(With a little help from my friends.)
FRIDAY — SEPTEMBER 13, 2013 — ISSUE NO. 572
Well, the big news this week was the official release of Apple's new iPhones.
An article from Macworld follows: “The iPhone 5s and iPhone 5c: What you need to know.”
The other “big deal” is more information from Critical Alert Systems (CRS) about the New FCC Policy Changes that Enable U.S. Hospitals to Improve Patient Safety with High-powered Critical Alert Messaging Solutions. And, The Johns Hopkins Becomes One of the First Hospitals to Receive a License under New FCC Regulations.
Yea team! Congratulations to CRS on being successful with Two-Way Paging where others have failed.
I am going to keep my comments short this week so you can read all the very important news that follows.
Still The Most Reliable Wireless Protocol For Emergencies!
If you would like to subscribe to the newsletter just fill in the blanks in the form above, and then click on “Subscribe.”
New FCC Policy Changes Enable U.S. Hospitals to Improve Patient Safety with High-powered Critical Alert Messaging Solutions.
The FCC has issued an order making high-power send/receive channels in the 935-940MHz band available to all hospitals .
Critical Response Systems (CRS) uses these high-power channels to improve patient safety by reliably notifying healthcare personnel of clinical alarms within five seconds, while confirming that each message has been received and read. READ MORE
High-power channels eliminate the dangerous delays, complexity, and dead spots endemic to low-power, unlicensed Wi-Fi and commercial cellular services. When used for clinical alarm notification, high-power systems reach responding personnel more quickly and reliably, reduce workflow disruption and mitigate alarm fatigue. These advantages improve patient safety and increase the efficiency of hospital staff members. Click here for a free white paper that explains how this process works .
Critical Response Systems Provides Critical Messaging Solution to The Johns Hopkins Hospital.
It was recently announced that Baltimore's Johns Hopkins Hospital has regained its No. 1 U.S. medical facility ranking for people with life-threatening and rare conditions. Johns Hopkins went live earlier this year on Critical Response Systems (CRS), critical messaging solution that utilizes the M1503 Pager. CRS provides a dedicated system for critical alerting, enterprise-wide, to Johns Hopkins that combines the best possible performance and reliability with low cost of ownership and a rapid ROI. A single rooftop antenna delivers urgent and critical messages to Johns Hopkins' staff members within the hospital as well as up to 20 square miles of surrounding area. READ MORE
The Johns Hopkins Becomes One of the First Hospitals to Receive License under New FCC Regulations.
The Johns Hopkins Hospital has become one of the first hospitals in the country to receive a license under the new FCC regulations allowing U.S. hospitals to use high-power send/receive channels in the 935-940 MHz band. Their new license is valid for 10 years. The hospital has been using a special license up to this time for their critical alert messaging. For more information, visit www.criticalresponse.com .
In a Natural Disaster, Such as a Tornado or Hurricane — Cell Phones and Smart Phones Cannot Be Relied upon for Critical Communications.
Due to the recent natural disasters that stuck the U.S., Critical Response Systems would like to remind first responders and healthcare clinicians of the optimum technologies that can be employed to communicate critical messaging and alerts during these unfortunate events, such as the F-5 tornado that struck Oklahoma and Hurricane Sandy that struck the east coast.
As its name indicates, a critical messaging system should be capable of delivering critical messages during any natural disaster. The recent disasters cited exemplify why you need a response paging system to handle your critical communication messaging. Cell phone calls completely failed during these disasters and smart phones only provided limited texting. When you have a large scale natural disaster you need a response paging system that is specifically designed to communicate critical messages during these events.
Click here for a free Public Safety Dispatching white paper on the optimum methodologies for critical alert messaging .
Copyright © 2013 Critical Response Systems, Inc.
Our address is 1670 Oakbrook Drive, Suite 370, Norcross, GA, 30093
Source: CRS Newsletter
The iPhone 5s and iPhone 5c: What you need to know
We're now in that funny in-between time: On Tuesday, Apple announced the new iPhone 5s and iPhone 5c , providing some information about both. We had a brief hands-on session with both of them . But now we have to wait a week and a half before we can actually get our own new phones and find out everything we want to know. In the meantime, here are our answers to some of the most pressing questions about the new smartphones, based on what Apple has told us and our own investigations.
When can I get the new iPhone models?
You can pre-order an iPhone 5c starting on Friday, September 13; the 5c will actually be available on September 20. The iPhone 5s will also be available on September 20, but Apple isn't taking pre-orders for that model. These dates apply to the US, Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Puerto Rico, Singapore, and the UK.
How much do the phones cost?
The iPhone 5c costs $99 for 16GB of storage or $199 for 32GB with a new two-year contract. Unlocked versions—without a contract—will cost $549 and $649, respectively. With the unlocked version, you can choose one that ships with a T-Mobile SIM card, or one without a SIM card at all. Both unlocked options work only with GSM networks.
The iPhone 5s costs $199 for 16GB, $299 for 32GB, or $399 for 64GB of storage with a new two-year contract. Without a contract, those same phones will cost $649, $749, and $849, respectively. As with the 5c, you can get the unlocked model for use with T-Mobile. (Apple's site doesn't currently list a no-SIM option for the 5s.)
Which carriers are offering the iPhone 5c and 5s?
In the U.S., your contract-carrier choices are AT&T, Sprint, and Verizon. As mentioned above, no-contract versions are available for use with T-Mobile or other GSM providers.
How much will it cost me to upgrade from my existing iPhone?
That depends on the carrier and type of contract you have. You can check your upgrade eligibility via Apple's website .
How does the 5c compare to the iPhone 5?
From a hardware perspective, the 5c is very similar to the iPhone 5: It uses the same processor (Apple's A6), the same graphics circuitry, and the same screen. The main differences are that the 5c includes a slightly more capacious battery, compatibility with more bands of LTE, and an updated FaceTime HD camera that features larger pixels and a better backside-illumination sensor.
Apple says the performance of the 5c will be similar to that of the iPhone 5, except that the FaceTime HD camera offers better images. Indeed, in our brief hands-on with the iPhone 5c , the phone felt exactly as snappy and responsive as the iPhone 5 units we've been using for the past year. (We'll of course be putting the 5c and the 5s through more rigorous testing when we get them.)
The 5c is also close to the same size and weight as the iPhone 5, but the 5c uses a very different exterior. Instead of an aluminum enclosure, the iPhone 5c features a plastic unibody design reminiscent of the old white-plastic MacBook . This body is molded from a single piece of polycarbonate that gives it a solid, rigid feel (part of that also stems from the steel frame that Apple uses inside). Even the volume buttons, mute switch, and Sleep/Wake button on the 5c are plastic. "Unapologetically plastic," as Apple puts it.
How does the 5s compare to the 5c and the 5?
Apple calls the 5s its most "forward-thinking" phone. Though its aluminum body is almost the same as the iPhone 5's, there's a bunch of new hardware inside. Most impressive is the new A7 processor, which Apple touts as the first 64-bit processor available in a phone. The iPhone 5s also includes a new M7 "motion co-processor"; some big camera upgrades and capabilities; and the Touch ID fingerprint-authentication system. (More on these below.)
Other improvements over the iPhone 5 include a slightly larger battery, expanded carrier support, and a new color. Speaking of which...
What colors can I get?
That depends on which iPhone model you purchase. The lower-cost iPhone 5c, constructed of hard-coated polycarbonate, will be available in candy-like light blue, light green, pink, yellow, or white. Each—including the white version—has a black bezel surrounding the screen.
There is one tiny—and we mean tiny —difference between the iPhone 5c models: On the blue, green, yellow, and white models, the Ring/Silent switch shows an orange line when flipped to the Silent position. On the pink model, the line is white. Details, people.
If you splurge on the aluminum-body iPhone 5s, your choices are different: "space gray" (with a black screen bezel and back trim), silver (with white screen bezel and back trim), or gold (also with white screen bezel and back trim). The gold is subtler than it sounds; it's more of a champagne color. A nice touch on the 5s is that the metal ring around the Home button on each phone matches its main color: gray, silver, or gold.
I hear Apple also makes cases for the new phones?
Yep, Apple is also offering offering two lines of cases , one set for the 5c and one for the 5s.
The $29 iPhone 5c case, available in the same five colors as the phone plus a black version, is made of silicone with a microfiber interior lining and sports a pattern of 35 circular holes on the back that let your iPhone's own color peek through. You can match your phone to the case or opt for something a bit more interesting like, say, a white phone with a blue case.
The $39 iPhone 5s case is made of leather with a microfiber interior and is available in brown, beige, black, yellow, blue, and Product(Red) red. The case is molded over the Sleep/Wake and volume buttons, with openings for the Ring/Silent switch and back camera and flash.
The iPhone 5s
What's this about a new processor and a co-processor?
The A7 inside the new iPhone 5s is unquestionably the most powerful chip Apple has ever put in a mobile device. It's also the first one that uses a 64-bit architecture—usually found only on laptop and desktop computers. The implications of that architecture might not be immediately apparent, because apps have to be written to take advantage of it. But down the road, the new chip will offer some exciting possibilities for expansion and power.
The A7's support for the latest OpenGL ES 3.0 standard means better graphics performance, too. In fact, Apple claims that the new A7 processor is twice as fast at both processor-intensive and graphics-intensive tasks as its predecessor. We'll see about that when we test the 5s.
The iPhone 5s also includes a separate processor, called the M7, that handles sensor data.
What's this M7 thing good for?
The M7—which Apple calls the motion co-processor—is a brand-new chip inside the iPhone 5s that complements the A7 by handling data from the device's many sensors, including the accelerometer, gyroscope, and compass. Why a separate processor for all that? The key to the M7 is that it can log data from those sources without waking the full A7 processor. This means that not only can fitness-tracking apps more easily run in the background, but they'll also chew up less of your precious battery power. And using the new CoreMotion API, third-party apps can use real-time location and motion information—like, say, whether you're walking or riding in a car—to determine how the app behaves, without dramatically affecting battery life.
Is the iPhone 5s camera really that much better?
We haven't yet tested the back camera on the 5s; we'll give it a thorough evaluation once we get a couple iPhone 5s samples in-house. But if Apple's specs and feature list are any indication, that camera should offer noticeably better performance, along with some useful new capabilities.
For starters, the 5s uses a new, five-element lens that Apple designed specifically for the new iPhone. This new lens offers an f/2.2 aperture, a 15-percent-larger area than the iPhone 5's lens, and 1.5-micron pixels—larger than those on the iPhone 5 and other smartphones.
The phone also includes a new dual-LED True Tone flash that Apple says is the first of its kind on a phone or a standalone camera. One flash is cooler white, while the other is amber with a warmer color temperature. The phone monitors ambient light and then fires the two flashes together to match that light. Together, Apple says, the two flashes provide more than 1000 unique light combinations, for flash lighting that's brighter and more natural.
But iOS 7 also includes a bunch of software specifically designed to take advantage of the improved camera hardware. For example, before you take a photo, the phone automatically adjusts white-balance and exposure to create a tone map for better highlights and shadows; it also performs auto-focus matrix metering for improved sharpness. When you take the photo, the phone actually takes multiple images, analyzes them in real time, and then shows you what it thinks is the best one.
The 5s also includes image stabilization in software: In situations—such as low lighting—where you'd normally end up with blurry images, the phone takes multiple photos with a single shutter press, and then it blends them together into a single, sharp image. And a new burst mode captures ten full-resolution frames per second for as long as you hold down the shutter button. But unlike most burst modes, on an iPhone 5s, the phone automatically filters out bad shots to show you only the "best" ones. (You can choose others manually, if you like.)
When taking video, you can capture 720p video at 120 frames per second, slowing it down later for true slow-motion video. (You can do the editing in your favorite video app, or you can choose, right in the Photos app, which section of the clip to view in slo-mo.) And Panorama mode now lets you adjust exposure as you pan.
Many times during the iPhone event, Apple pointed out the advantages of making both hardware and software, combining them to best take advantage of both. The iPhone's camera features are one of the best examples of this philosophy in action.
So, this fingerprint-sensor thing, Touch ID: how does it work?
It's a capacitance-based (as opposed to optical) scanner built into the iPhone 5s Home button. The "capacitance" part means that instead of taking a visual scan of your finger or thumb, the scanner detects minute differences in electrical charge caused by a fingerprint's whorls, loops, and curves.
The phone then produces a digital template (again, not an image) based on that scan. In other similar systems, software then runs such a template through a cryptographic hashing process, making it virtually impossible to recreate the original print from the template. If that's how Touch ID works, the hashing process should make it harder—if not impossible—to spoof your prints. For further security, your fingerprint is never stored in the cloud or anywhere in the phone's memory—only in a secure area of the A7 chip itself.
We don't yet know all the details about how iOS 7 will use the fingerprints it detects. But we do know that it will let you bypass the lockscreen passcode. (You do have a lockscreen passcode, right?) It will also let you authenticate with iCloud and the App Store using your finger.
With all this new technology and speed on the iPhone 5s, is the battery life worse than that of the iPhone 5?
Apple claims that the iPhone 5s offers battery life equal to or greater than that of the iPhone 5. Specifically, the company says the iPhone 5s offers 10 hours of 3G talk time, 10 hours of LTE or Wi-Fi browsing, or 250 hours of standby time. Compare that to Apple's claims for the iPhone 5 when that model was released: 8 hours of 3G talk time, 10 hours of Wi-Fi browsing, or 225 hours of standby time.
Apple says that the iPhone 5c's battery life is identical to that of the iPhone 5s. We'll of course thoroughly test each model's battery life in the coming weeks.
Accessories and apps
Is the 5s exactly the same size as the 5? Will my existing accessories and cases work? What about the iPhone 5c?
The iPhone 5s is indeed exactly the same size as the iPhone 5, so existing iPhone 5 cases will fit the new iPhone 5s. However, the camera and LED flash on the iPhone 5s differ in size and position from those on the iPhone 5, so existing cases may partially obscure the lens and/or LED—or may be close enough to obscuring them that the case affects flash or photo quality. If you want to use a case not specifically made for the iPhone 5s, be sure the opening(s) for the camera and flash are large enough to avoid this problem.
Cases aside, existing iPhone 5 accessories—docks, speaker docks, chargers, and the like—should all work with the iPhone 5s. Similarly, with the exception of dock cradles custom-fit for the iPhone 5s, most of these accessories should work fine with the iPhone 5c.
Of course, cases for the iPhone 5 and 5s won't fit the iPhone 5c, due to the latter's different dimensions and slightly different shape.
We'll be testing many accessories once we get our hands on the iPhone 5c and 5s, and we'll publish our findings here on Macworld.com.
Apple says it's making Keynote, Numbers, Pages, iMovie, and iPhoto for iOS free "for new devices"? Does that include the new iPhones? What about current iPhone owners?
Apple's webpage about the iPhone 5s built-in apps (and the similar page for the iPhone 5c ) lists iMovie, iPhoto, and the iWork suite, but they don't actually come pre-installed.
Instead, any iOS 7-compatible device activated on or after September 1, 2013—regardless of when you purchased it—is eligible for free copies of these apps. If your device came pre-loaded with iOS 7, you'll be prompted during the setup process to download the iOS versions of Keynote, Numbers, Pages, iMovie, and iPhoto. If your device didn't come with iOS 7 pre-installed (but, again, you activated the device on or after September 1), once you install iOS 7, you'll be prompted during the iOS 7 setup process to install the apps. You'll need an Apple ID, but you won't have to pay for the apps—they're free with your new device .
Note that this offer isn't limited to the iPhone 5c and 5s—it includes any iOS 7-compatible device activated on or after September 1, including the iPhone 4 and 4s, the fifth-generation iPod touch, and recent iPads.
If you've got a device activated prior to September 1, 2013, you'll still be able to purchase the apps on the App Store, but you won't get them for free.
Source: Macworld
Samsung to follow Apple with 64-bit smartphones
Samsung has announced that its next high-end Android smartphones will feature 64-bit processors.
Samsung's new Galaxy S4 during its unveiling on March 14, 2013 at Radio City Music Hall in New York Photo: AFP/GETTY
By Sophie Curtis
4:11PM BST 13 Sep 2013
The news follows Apple's announcement on Tuesday that its new flagship smartphone, the iPhone 5S, will be the first handset to include 64-bit technology, which it describes as a "desktop-class architecture".
Samsung's co-chief executive Shin Jong-Kyun told journalists in South Korea that the company's next smartphones will have 64-bit processing functionality, but added that this would not arrive instantly, according to a report in the Korea Times.
It is understood that the Android operating system would need to be updated before Samsung's Galaxy devices could take advantage of a shift to 64-bit.
64-bit chips can theoretically perform more detailed floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) because they have larger registers for storing numbers. Such calculations are needed in graphics and other tasks involving analogue data.
They can also access more than 4GB of RAM, unlike a 32-bit system. In a smartphone, however, this can also be a disadvantage, as RAM consumes battery life.
Apple was prasied by analysts for its inclusion of a 64-bit architecture in its iPhone 5S. It is though that this will enable the iPhone 5S to validate fingerprints and perform processing on pictures taken with the "burst" mode from the camera.
"It should certainly help the company further cement its lead as a mobile gaming platform and will give the Android fraternity something to think about in a space whose significance is sometimes downplayed beyond the gaming world," added Ovum analyst Tony Cripps.
However, if Samsung does introduces a 64-bit chip in its next smartphone, it may have to wait for a 64-bit version of Android to be released before it can take full advantage of the increased processing power.
Earlier this year, Samsung introduced a version of the Samsung Galaxy S4 with eight cores — twice as many as the previous maximum.
Why Apple went 64-bit with the iPhone 5s
Summary: The reasons why Apple put a 64-bit processor inside the iPhone 5s goes way beyond hype. While the applications for it might be limited right now, Apple is paving the way for improvements that we'll see trickle into the iPhone over the next few years.
By Adrian Kingsley-Hughes for Hardware 2.0
September 13, 2013 — 14:30 GMT (07:30 PDT)
(Source: Apple)
One of the flagship features of Apple's new iPhone 5s is that it has at its heart the 64-bit A7 chip. But why did Apple feel the need to bump the iPhone's processor up from 32-bits in the first place?
It's a first
Apple like bragging about being first.
It looks and sounds good
Come on, making the leap from a 32-bit processor to a 64-bit processor looks and sounds good. When dealing with consumers, throwing in some numbers that are bigger than what the competition can manage — 1 billion transistors, 64-bit — helps sales.
On top of that, Apple threw around the phrase 'desktop-class architecture' during the unveiling of the iPhone 5s, which also sounds pretty cool, don't you think?
Android isn't ready for 64-bit
Apple has scored a win here over Android handset makers. The 64-bit chips for Android devices aren't ready, and neither is Android itself. It is likely that Android 5.0 will be the first version to fully utilize the new ARMv8 architecture.
For now, this gives Apple a clear lead over the competition, and the gap is unlikely to the closed until 2014 at the earliest.
The move allows for more RAM
The iPhone 5 is kitted out with 1GB of RAM, but a shift from a 32-bit processor to a 64-bit part paves the way for iPhones — and for that matter, the iPad or even Apple TV, where more RAM could open the way for 4K — to be fitted out with 4GB+ of RAM down the line.
Since Apple doesn't divulge how much RAM is baked into iPhones, we'll have to wait for the teardown to find out the exact figure, but despite the shift to a 64-bit processor, I'm not expecting it to have 4GB, but there will come a day when it is needed.
Apple is now ready for that day.
Unifying the iOS/OS X app codebase
Apple openly acknowledges that moving iOS up to 64-bit brings iOS and OS X apps much closer. Take this line from Apple's 64-bit iOS 7 documentation :
The architecture for 64-bit apps on iOS is almost identical to the architecture for OS X apps, making it easy to create a common code base that runs in both operating systems.
This could be huge.
64-bit CPUs are better suited to some heavy computational lifting tasks
There are some iPhone 5s features that could benefit from having access to a 64-bit processor. The camera that can pick the best picture from a series of shots and allow you to fire off slo-mo video at 120 frames per second is one. Image processing is demanding, and the headroom offered by the A7 processor could lessen the workload.
Same goes for that fingerprint reader. If Apple is using heavyweight crypto behind that scanner, then this too would benefit from a 64-bit processor.
Puts pressure on Intel
Currently, CPUs for Mac hardware is supplied by Intel, but the A7 processor, with its billion transistors and 64-bit architecture, sends a clear message that Apple is serious about developing its own processors.
While I don't see Apple shifting away from Intel any time soon, the fact that the company is now a big player in the processor market helps even the playing field between it and Intel, and puts it in a stronger position when negotiating.
The bottom line is that there's a lot more to the iPhone switching to a 64-bit processor than hype. While the applications for it might be limited right now, Apple is paving the way for improvements that we'll see trickle into the iPhone over the next few years.
About Adrian Kingsley-Hughes
Adrian Kingsley-Hughes is an internationally published technology author who has devoted over a decade to helping users get the most from technology.
Source: ZDNet
Selected portions of the BloostonLaw Telecom Update, and/or the BloostonLaw Private Users Update —newsletters from the Law Offices of Blooston, Mordkofsky, Dickens, Duffy & Prendergast, LLP are reproduced in this section with the firm's permission.
BloostonLaw Telecom Update Vol. 16, No. 312 September 11, 2013
Form 481 Filers Must Seek Separate Confidentiality from FCC, State Commissions
The FCC's Form 481, due on October 15, 2013, must not only be filed with USAC, but also with the FCC and the relevant state commission and tribal authority, as appropriate. With regard to the filing, USAC has indicated that while the filing would be given confidential treatment by default with USAC, filers must seek confidential treatment separately with the FCC and the relevant state commission and tribal authority if confidential treatment is desired.
BloostonLaw is available to assist filers in all aspects of Form 481 filing procedures, including requesting confidential treatment. BloostonLaw Contacts: Gerry Duffy and Sal Taillefer.
REMINDER – Regulatory Fee Payments Due September 20, 2013.
All annual regulatory fee payments for fiscal year 2013 will be due no later than on Friday, September 20, 2013 . However, as discussed in the article below, the FCC's financial management software has been known to put licensees into "red light" status even when they have timely paid their regulatory fees, if the fee payment has not been processed by the deadline. Therefore, we recommend submitting the fee payment several days before the September 20, 2013 deadline. Please let us know if you need assistance in preparing and/or making your regulatory fee payments.
Court Hears Oral Argument on Net Neutrality
On September 9, 2013, a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit heard two hours of argument (three times as long as scheduled) on Verizon's challenge to the FCC's December 2010 net neutrality rules. The judges asked questions from a wide range of views with respect to what the FCC is authorized by statute to do in this area.
Verizon argued that the law gives it authority to manage its own Internet pipes, and the government argued that creators of lawful Internet content should have equal access to Internet users to prevent larger companies from gaining an unfair advantage in the marketplace. Two of the judges (Circuit Judges Laurence H. Silberman and David S. Tatel) seemed deeply skeptical that the FCC had the authority to regulate the Internet in this manner, saying that the FCC's anti-discrimination rule (which requires an Internet service provider to give all traffic that travels through its pipes the same priority) illegally imposed rules meant for the voice telephone network on the Internet's infrastructure. Judge Tatel appeared skeptical about the non-discrimination rule but less so about the no-blocking rule. Judge Silberman seemed to have issues with both the non-discrimination rule and the no-blocking rule; and it seemed that he had trouble with all of the rules because the FCC did not make an explicit finding of "market power." The third judge (Circuit Judge Judith W. Rogers) appeared to accept much of the FCC's position.
All three judges seemed comfortable with the position that Congress has delegated to the FCC authority to engage in some form of broadband access regulation under at least some circumstances, although (as noted) Judge Silberman seemed displeased that the FCC failed to make an explicit finding of "market power" (although all seemed to agree that, market power or not, Verizon controls bottleneck facilities).
The panel then moved on to the question of whether, assuming that the FCC has general authority to make some type of rule under some conditions, is it somehow legally prevented from adopting the rules at issue in the case? Two basic arguments were presented by Verizon: First, Verizon argued that it has a First Amendment right to block content on its network. This received modest attention from Judge Silberman. The other two judges seemed disinterested in this argument. Second, Verizon argued that the statute prevents the FCC from regulating the company as a common carrier when it provides broadband service, a position that received significant attention from all three judges.
Thus, based on the judges' reactions at the oral argument, it seems that the court may allow some form of net neutrality regulation, although perhaps not as much as the FCC envisions. As a caveat, please remember that the statements of judges at oral argument are often not predictive of how they will rule in the end. A decision is expected in December 2013 or in the first quarter of 2014.
FCC Releases Interactive Map, Identifies Communities Targeted for CAF Support
On September 5, 2013, the FCC issued a News Release announcing the availability of a new interactive map that identifies communities targeted for broadband expansion under the upcoming second round of Connect America Phase I support. The map is available at:
http://www.fcc.gov/maps/connect-america-fund-phase-i-round-two .
As reported in the previous edition of the BloostonLaw Telecom Update (September 4, 2013), challenges to the list of census blocks eligible for funding are due September 27, 2013. All challenges must be supported by some form of documented evidence, such as a signed certification from an officer of the provider under penalty of perjury that the carrier offers 3 Mbps/768 kbps Internet service to customers in that particular census block. The map may prove useful in getting an idea of census blocks clients may be interested in challenging.
Phase I of the Connect America Fund makes available up to $485 million to support the construction of broadband networks in areas served by price cap carriers that do not currently have broadband service of at least 3 Mbps download/768 Kbps upload speeds. According to a Connected Nation impact analysis , the second round of Phase I funding is directed at areas traditionally served by price cap carriers that, collectively, account for approximately 85% of all "unserved" households and businesses across the country. Areas that have received a Broadband Technology Opportunities Program or Broadband Initiatives Program grant will be ineligible to receive funding under CAF.
FCC and Industry Carrier Agree on Lower 700 MHz Interoperability Solution
Mobile customers, especially in rural America, may have reason to celebrate as the FCC reports that wireless carriers have reached an agreement that could resolve the lack of Interoperability in the lower 700 MHz band. Specifically, in order to support interoperability in the paired lower 700 MHz band, AT&T committed to developing, implementing, and deploying throughout its network Multi-Frequency Band Indicator (MFBI) capabilities, which will enable support for both Band 12 and Band 17 devices, and to providing LTE roaming to carriers with compatible Band 12 devices consistent with the FCC's existing roaming rules. A specific list of AT&T's commitments in this regard can be found attached to AT&T's letter, here .
Finding a technical solution to interoperability in the lower 700 MHz band has been a challenge and a particular point of contention between AT&T and small rural carriers. Many small rural providers that acquired 700 MHz Lower A Block licenses have been left without viable and widely used equipment options. An article by Andrew Berg of Wireless Week reports that the basic issue has been that the smaller carriers have been unable to find compatible Long Term Evolution (LTE) high-speed equipment and handsets because band 12 lacks the scale of AT&T's established band 17. The agreement should make it easier for the small carriers to provide their customers with LTE roaming. AT&T has long contended that customers would be subject to "substantial" interference problems from the A block, which lacks a guard band between broadcast television transmissions in adjacent Channel 51 (693.25-697.75 MHz). Regional carriers such as C Spire Wireless and U.S. Cellular, both owners of band 12 licenses, cried foul, indicating that AT&T was exaggerating the interference potential in order to maintain its unique band class, which would have banned its smaller competitors from benefiting from its LTE ecosystem.
Additionally, Wireless Week reports that Joan Marsh, AT&T's Vice President of federal regulatory, announced that AT&T had agreed to take definitive steps to bring interoperability to the lower 700 MHz band. Marsh said the plan will resolve interference issues relating to use of the 700 MHz A Block. AT&T indicates that it will modify its software to support band 12 capable devices into its device portfolio. Although AT&T does not have any lower 700 MHz A Block licenses, they anticipate conducting field tests of new band 12 capable devices. AT&T also told the FCC that it reserves the right to plan and manage lower 700 MHz interoperability support in a manner that will not disrupt existing services, strand existing devices or result in unnecessary cost or delay. We note that this testing could take some time to fully resolve the interference issue.
Acting Chairwoman Mignon Clyburn issued a statement welcoming the agreement, which said in part:
After many frustrating years, wireless carriers have finally reached a voluntary industry solution that will resolve the lack of interoperability in the lower 700 MHz band in the most efficient manner. This is a big win for consumers, especially in rural areas, who will see more competition and more choices. Also, by making it easier for small wireless carriers to compete, today's interoperability solution will spur private investment, job creation, and the development of innovative new services and devices."
Acting Chairwoman Clyburn also thanked the parties — AT&T, The Interoperability Alliance, The Competitive Carriers Association, DISH and the consumer advocacy groups — which worked together to hammer out a solution.
FCC Issues Tentative Agenda for September 26 Open Meeting
On September 5 the FCC issued the tentative agenda for its September 26, 2013 Open Meeting. The meeting is scheduled to commence at 10:30 a.m. in Room TW-C305, at 455 12th Street, S.W., Washington, D.C., and will be shown live at www.fcc.gov/live.
At the meeting, the FCC will tentatively consider four items:
a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to accelerate deployment of wireless infrastructure while at the same time appropriately protecting the Nation's environmental resources;
a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking regarding the UHF discount to its national television multiple ownership rule;
a Memorandum Opinion and Order to resolve a complaint by Bloomberg L.P. that Comcast Cable Communications, LLC violated the news neighborhooding condition of the Comcast/NBCU transaction; and
the Media Bureau will present the latest update on progress towards the upcoming October 15 – October 29, 2013 open filing window for applicants seeking to operate new Low Power FM radio stations.
NTIA Seeks Comment on Continuing BroadbandMatch Website
On September 3, 2013, the National Telecommunications Information Administration (NTIA) issued a Notice seeking comment on the continuation of the BroadbandMatch website tool. Comments are due November 4.
BroadbandMatch began during the final funding round of NTIA's Broadband Technology Opportunities Program and the RUS' Broadband Initiatives Program. It is an online resource designed to help potential applicants identify possible partners whose resources and expertise could strengthen broadband project proposals by allowing members to create online profiles and search for similar partners — the Match.com of broadband network deployment.
Specifically, BroadbandMatch users access the Web site through an Internet browser and voluntarily complete a brief profile requesting: (1) The point of contact's name, organization, phone number, email address, and associated Web site URL; (2) the state(s) where the user seeks potential partners; the type(s) of partner(s) sought; and (3) a description of the project and the desired benefits of partnering. NTIA verifies the registrant's email address, which becomes the registrant's user name, and emails an assigned password. Registered users may then search the database for potential project partners by organization type, state(s) or keyword(s).
Comments are invited on: (a) Whether the proposed collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the agency, including whether the information shall have practical utility; (b) the accuracy of the agency's estimate of the burden (including hours and cost) of the proposed collection of information; (c) ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and (d) ways to minimize the burden of the collection of information on respondents, including through the use of automated collection techniques or other forms of information technology.
"Cloud VoIP" to Help LTE Fill Voice Gap?
In an article published on September 9, 2013, Telecompetitor discussed a new cloud-based voice over internet protocol (VoIP) service offering which is targeted at network operators that have launched fixed broadband service using LTE.
Alianza, the cloud VoIP company featured in the Telecompetitor article, stated that their cloud voice offering is a "full PSTN replacement" supporting 9-1-1, lawful intercept and quality of service. Discussing the service's virtues, Telecompetitor writes:
Small network operators that won LTE spectrum through auctions face build-out deadlines for that spectrum. But building LTE networks can be challenging, particularly for small carriers and particularly on the voice side. Network operators that already had 2G and 3G networks typically are using that equipment to support mobile voice service. Few carriers have begun to deliver voice over LTE (VoLTE), an IP-based technology that typically requires carriers to invest in IP multimedia subsystem capability. And fixed LTE service is often implemented without voice capability.
Alianza reportedly offers their service on a "per seat" basis, and suggests that this keeps costs in line with the subscriber base. Other companies indicated as offering the service include NetAmerica, NewCore, West Central Wireless, and Xius.
Calendar At A Glance
Sept. 16 – Comments are due on FCC's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on E-Rate 2.0.
Sept. 18 – Reply Comments on reforms to protect VRS program are due.
Sept. 18 – Comments are due on FCC's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Advanced Wireless Services.
Sept. 20 – Regulatory fees are due.
Sept. 26 – FCC Open Meeting
Sept. 27 – Challenges to FCC Census Blocks that price cap carriers have requested funding to serve as part of the second round of CAF Phase I are due.
Oct. 7 – Comments on proposed changes to FCC Form 555 (annual Lifeline ETC certification) are due.
Oct. 8 – Electronic filing deadline for Form 497 for carriers seeking support for the preceding month and wishing to receive reimbursement by month's end.
Oct. 14 – Deadline to seek extension of CALM Act small provider grace period.
Oct. 15 — Filing deadline for FCC Form 481
Oct. 16 – Reply Comments are due on FCC's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on E-Rate 2.0.
Oct. 16 – Reply Comments are due on FCC's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Advanced Wireless Services.
Oct. 28 – Responses to FCC Census Blocks that price cap carriers have requested funding to serve as part of the second round of CAF Phase I are due.
Nov. 1 – Reply Comments are due on FCC's guidelines for human exposure to RF electromagnetic fields.
Nov. 4 – Comments on the continuation of the BroadbandMatch website tool are due.
From: Slavko Kocjancic
Subject: From The Wireless Messaging Newsletter
Date: September 6, 2013 2:17:58 PM CDT
Browsing the web I find your page where you have little information about Mark IV/V/VI formats for old Multitone pagers. Do you have maybe little more information about that subject? (especially how the information is coded into 4 bit fields?)
Thanks in advice.
eslavko@gmail.com
From: Bill Marshall
Subject: The Wireless Messaging News for Bill Marshall
We were buying Barran 2-way pagers from Innilex in AZ. They are no longer manufacturing this device and wonder if you might know of any sources where we may be able to buy these devices. We need around 20-25.
Bill Marshall
williamm@elteccorp.com
Meaning Is Healthier Than Happiness
People who are happy but have little-to-no sense of meaning in their lives have the same gene expression patterns as people who are enduring chronic adversity.
EMILY ESFAHANI SMITH
AUG 1 2013, 8:00 AM ET
Being happy is about feeling good. Meaning is derived from contributing to others or to society in a bigger way.
For at least the last decade, the happiness craze has been building. In the last three months alone, over 1,000 books on happiness were released on Amazon, including Happy Money, Happy-People-Pills For All , and, for those just starting out, Happiness for Beginners .
One of the consistent claims of books like these is that happiness is associated with all sorts of good life outcomes, including — most promisingly — good health. Many studies have noted the connection between a happy mind and a healthy body — the happier you are, the better health outcomes we seem to have. In a meta-analysis (overview) of 150 studies on this topic, researchers put it like this: "Inductions of wellbeing lead to healthy functioning, and inductions of ill-being lead to compromised health."
But a new study , just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) challenges the rosy picture. Happiness may not be as good for the body as researchers thought. It might even be bad.
Of course, it's important to first define happiness . A few months ago, I wrote a piece called " There's More to Life Than Being Happy " about a psychology study that dug into what happiness really means to people. It specifically explored the difference between a meaningful life and a happy life.
It seems strange that there would be a difference at all. But the researchers, who looked at a large sample of people over a month-long period, found that happiness is associated with selfish "taking" behavior and that having a sense of meaning in life is associated with selfless "giving" behavior.
Meaning was defined as an orientation to something bigger than the self.
"Happiness without meaning characterizes a relatively shallow, self-absorbed or even selfish life, in which things go well, needs and desire are easily satisfied, and difficult or taxing entanglements are avoided," the authors of the study wrote. "If anything, pure happiness is linked to not helping others in need." While being happy is about feeling good, meaning is derived from contributing to others or to society in a bigger way. As Roy Baumeister, one of the researchers, told me, "Partly what we do as human beings is to take care of others and contribute to others. This makes life meaningful but it does not necessarily make us happy."
[You may read the rest of this interesting article at the source.]
Source: The Atlantic HERE
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Balance is one of the big goblins of game design. Over the past decade or so, its position as a sacred institution has been (thankfully) tarnished, so it’s no longer an automatic assumption that every character needs to be balanced with every other character in a strict technical sense. More than any game, I point to Eden’s Buffy RPG for driving this point home, with an explicit power level split offset by other play elements. But the funny thing is it’s an old idea. One of the cornerstones of old school D&D, the magic user, was based on a foundation of imbalance[1]. Depending on level, you could expect him to be far less or far more effective than other party members.
Now, like all such ideas, there’s a bit of a pendulum effect to it. Once you get discard the idea of effectiveness-based balance, it’s not a long trip to treating it as a bad or restrictive thing – something to be discarded. I understand that impulse, but it’s overkill, and to understand why it’s worth pulling back a bit to examine the thinking behind balance.
See, Balance is a means to an end, and that end is this: everyone playing should have a fair chance at having a good time. If you have wildly disparate power levels in a game with a strong combat element (think D&D) then you end up in an Angel Summoner & BMX Bandit(vid link) situation, where one character solves problems and others get to watch. That’s a bad outcome based on the fact that it’s a less fun outcome.
It’s with this in mind that a lot of models have been create to support balance. As another example, if a game has other avenues of play than combat (like social or political), the idea became that you could achieve balance by allowing characters to excel within their specific arena. The combat guy gets to shine in fights, the talker gets to shine in social situations and so on. This can work, but it takes a LOT of effort. One arena (often combat) can overwhelm the others if the game’s mechanics lean that way or if the stakes are higher.[2] A good GM can juggle this, but doing so is almost always a function of GM skill, and that’s not a great thing to depend on in a design.
An interesting corner got turned when some games opened up a different venue and moved the issue of balance onto the player. The idea, generally speaking, is that every player has equal (or at least equitable) power or authority, even if their characters do not. This model can range from Buffy (Slayer is more powerful, supporting characters get more ‘drama points’) to full on hippie ideas like giving players narrative authority.
None of these solutions work in every game, but I think the last one is very informative, even if its never used. The emphasis that it’s the players who need equal time is of critical importance because it comes back to the original problem: keeping everyone engaged. It’s easy to get bogged down in the details of a specific power or specific rule and forget that the reason you’re doing all this is to keep your players engaged.
Now, why is all this necessary? Can’t a good GM fairly distribute spotlight time at the table? Well…not really.
It’s not that the skill doesn’t exist, but to do it well we need to be much better at self assessment than any of us can reasonably expect to be. As a GM, we’re going to be drawn to the problem cases or the things that we think take things in an interesting direction. Those are good impulses, but they mean we are vulnerable to spotlight hogs, and we’re going to misjudge how fairly we distribute the time.
All of which is to say that you want to have some manner of focus balancing mechanic, even if it’s a simple as “This is Bob’s spotlight episode.” Mechanical balance or distinct roles are perfectly valid ways to handle this (something 4e thrives on), it’s just not the only way. So take a look at some of your other games[3] and think about how they hand (implicitly or explicitly) keeping everyone at the table engaged. You might pick up a trick or two.
1 – Ars Magica also had a profound disparity, but its handling was still overall equitable.
2 – This is, in my mind, why 4e is designed to be a pretty weak system outside of combat. The balance is _explicitly_ within the scope of combat, and stepping too far outside that sphere risks disrupting the finely tuned machine.
3 – If Primetime Adventures 3e were out right now, I’d plug it here. But it’s not, so I can’t. Instead, I’ll say this: if you ever get a chance to read a copy of PTA (any edition), stop and look at the spotlight rules. They’re genuinely brilliant.
This entry was posted in Pending on May 26, 2010 by Rob Donoghue.
← Random Ideas Balance and Kender →
6 thoughts on “Balance”
Reverance Pavane May 26, 2010 at 3:12 pm
RobertSlaughter May 26, 2010 at 3:48 pm
(1) You can never really balance /characters/, what you have to balance is a *player’s* importance tot he story. This can be done through character capabilities, this can be done through spotlight-time, but a lot hinges on a player’s own capabilities for taking control of their part of the story.
(2) Someone is working on a 3rd ed of Primetime Adventures? Tell me more.
Guy May 26, 2010 at 6:17 pm
Several things:
1. I too thought of Eden’s games when I was beginning to read this post. The other thing I was thinking of will lead to the next point.
2. Exalted. You’re speaking of balancing within the system, but sometimes the balance is without, and inside the setting. Dragon Blooded can’t hold a candle to Solar Exalted, and if you take them to not be Imperial, there are no real mechanical bonuses. What they do have is that within the story they get to act in places the Solars do not.
3. There’s another issue, in “One deals well with combat, another deals well with social.” And it’s not just how often both show up in the game and their impact, but how long they take to resolve. If a combat takes 2 hours to resolve and a social conflict takes 5 minutes, it might not be equivalent to have different niches such as these… interesting when they all use the same mechanics overall (Burning Wheel?).
4. I very much want to say YES to this post. Yes. You need to free your mind from the shackles of balance, and once you do that, you need to see why it’s also a good choice at places.
Cam_Banks May 26, 2010 at 10:10 pm
Given that Smallville deals with players potentially playing anybody from a news reporter to the Last Son of Krypton, balance was foremost in my mind when I started working on it.
The way this finally resolved to my satisfaction was when the alpha testers came back and said they didn’t know why the game had Attributes and Skills, since it seemed to be more about the Relationships and Values (two other kinds of Traits I added to the list). So we shuffled Atts and Skills off to a sort of side category along with all other generally useful things, and made what you believe and who you feel strongly about the core of the game.
So far, so good. 🙂
Guy May 26, 2010 at 10:12 pm
Ha! I was sure Smallville would be a trad game 😉
Tess May 27, 2010 at 8:26 pm
Pendragon is another older game with an inherent efficacy imbalance, if anyone chooses to play a Lady (or other non-Knight, presumably). Though, I don’t think it is handled anywhere near as well in Pendragon as it is in Ars Magica or Buffy. Pendragon is thoroughly unapologetic about the suckiness of playing a non-knight.
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[MUSIC PLAYING] I grew up in a tiny little town that nobody's ever heard of, and then I went to Cornell. I met people from all over the world, people of all different backgrounds. I was among them and learning from them. Coming here, sometimes you think you know everything. Cornell quickly teaches you that you don't. And I think it's a beautiful struggle we have as human beings, wanting to know so much about the world around us, to be hungry for knowledge. Not just knowledge, but the application of that knowledge in a way that is impactful in people's lives. The gorges, the waterfalls, to me, the campus is a metaphor for never-ending processes of evolution, transformation. Novelty is always around the corner. There's always an opportunity to challenge oneself, whether that's physically, socially, or intellectually. When I teach, one of those things that I hope my students get is this curiosity that drives us. The questions we ask keep changing, and they're really important. Being able to be in a classroom environment where you get all of those different perspectives has been really great for me in molding a sort of intellectual nuance. The difficult questions, those are the ones that, for me, are most worth pursuing. Elite and egalitarian. The sense of excellence, but also the sense of, we accept the common person. We're a space where everybody can belong. That was true right from the beginning. Cornell's freshman class was 1868. The very next year, the first of African heritage was enrolled, and the year after that, the first woman. This was not something that was common in American universities. I'm just so proud to be part of the Cornell story. I feel that when we teach, that we what we do is, we open up in the students' minds the capability to reason and to seek out knowledge, and to gather in knowledge a capability that was always in them. We are enabling, rather than teaching facts. Being a critical thinker, knowing what questions to ask, knowing how to write a story, those are all skills that I honed at Cornell. I was a very idealistic student, and this place adopted me, readily. I took a seminar with Walter LaFeber on US-Japan relations, and I just remember him spending time with his undergraduate students, and meeting with us. He had us come in and talk to him about how our term papers were going, and his grad students were all out waiting in line out in the hallway, and you couldn't pull him away from the undergraduates. And I think that's unusual for a large research university. Cornell had, I suppose it still does, a tremendous faculty. I think I would have to rate number one, Vladimir Nabokov. That man changed the way I read. He changed the way I write. Even when I'm drafting an opinion, thinking how the word order should go, I remember him. And I can still hear things that he said. Carl Sagan was an astronomer here at Cornell. In addition to being a great scientist, one of his other passions was to share this fascination, not only with us students, but also with the general public. His legacy and his fascination for the Universe has inspired a whole generation of scientists, among them, me. [MUSIC PLAYING] When I was an undergraduate, there was a course catalog that was as thick as a phone book. And I remember being really excited when I got my hands on that thing, thinking, I'm not going to take a fraction of these classes. But it was just cool to flick through it and think that, I'm walking around this campus and while I'm studying philosophy or creative writing, there's somebody taking an industrial labor relations class, there's somebody doing veterinary medicine, there's somebody working on architecture, all right here. As Cornell said, I would found an institution where any person can receive instruction in any study, is something that's very much alive, day-to-day here. There's a respect that's implied by that. All the different parts of study have merit and insights to give each other, that we're all stronger by having any person any study, the mix. I am interested in science, and physics, and astronomy. Before I was hired, one of the first people who I met was Roald Hoffmann. And I really thought, wow, here's somewhere that's going to be a really cool place to work, if I get to hang out with this Nobel Prize-winning scientist, and have conversations with him about poetry. Any person can find instruction in any study or whatever it is, right? It was a laudable goal, and you're not going to achieve it completely, but damn, they've come close, you know? When A.D. White was helping Ezra Cornell, he talked about founding a university that would make the most highly-prized instruction available to anyone, regardless of sex or color. And he said that in 1862, when there was a war being fought over whether one human being could own another human being because of their color, and when women couldn't own property if they were married, and couldn't vote. The inclusion of things like engineering and agriculture in the founding vision of the university, I think, really grounded that unpretentiousness, the practical concerns. It's an elite school, but it's an inclusive school at the same time, and it lacks the sort of pretentious air of other elite institutions. And I think, really gives it a distinctive identity, a distinctive culture that I find very appealing. The idea that you should be able to come to Cornell even if your family can't afford Cornell's tuition is just something that's cherished here. And I think we've done an excellent job, relative to peer institutions, of being able to do that. In my last year at Cornell, I took only music and art courses. It was a wonderful education. You never feel like you're siloed into your major. There's a lot of encouragement to really connect with people in a different discipline then you. And when I first came here, I basically front-loaded with computer science classes. I knew I wanted to do computer science when I came here. But also the scheme design class. Then after that class, I was able to take a lot of other classes, like art, lighting, and music. I would actually consider myself, kind of, more of a designer now than more of a tech person. Even though I know the tech very well, I think a lot of my strengths are being able to merge the two. Last semester, I was taking a sociology seminar on Mass Incarceration in the Family. And the fact that I was able to sit in a classroom with one of the leading scholars, or I'm taking a creative writing class this semester that's similarly taught by, sort of, a leading poet in the country, just being able to do that on a regular basis is pretty incredible. There are a handful places in the world, and Cornell's one of them, where you can go, and everywhere you turn, you find people doing stuff that's just at the cutting edge of what humanity is achieving. I'm not talking just about within the realm of academia. I'm talking about, broadly, the human enterprise. This is a very tightly-knit community of collaborative, interacting people from Ithaca to New York City. And there's been no other time like this in history. We are at a unique time, where we are beginning to understand enough about the molecular mechanism by which diseases like cancer occur, that we can intervene with knowledge of fixing what's wrong. New York City has so much more than just tech. And I think it's the integration of the tech into that energy of everything else that's really powerful. I think Cornell's going to be the major educational presence in New York City a decade from now, and we're so proud to be part of that. What happened to me at Cornell created my career, my whole persona. Because I was a science major, with kind of a minor in journalism, I had a unique background. And that background enabled me to get a job as a full-time science writer at the New York Times when I was 24-years-old. I'm really interested in Latin America right now, and I've been to take all these classes in arts and sciences, and do a minor in Latin American studies. The end goal isn't always the job. The end goal, I think, at Cornell, which is really great, is how to enrich yourself and how to keep learning, even after you graduate, in the field that you go into. Cornell giving you the tools to be able to develop a career based off of something that you really, really love, and be successful at that, that's really the best. It's like, what else can you ask for? [MUSIC PLAYING] [LAUGHING AND YELLING] It's snowing. [SNOW BEING PLOWED] [SNOW BEING SHOVELED] [INSPIRATIONAL MUSIC PLAYING] I took a freshman writing seminar my very first semester at Cornell, and my professor told me, don't let your education limit your education, meaning that, not to let my classes here at Cornell limit my holistic education. Because there's so many opportunities outside of the classroom. In order to prepare our students to face life after school, I think it's very important for them not only to have classmates who are from other cultures, but for them to go and really get a meaningful international experience. Not spending a few days in London or Paris looking museums, I mean, really getting down there, out of their comfort zone. I'm the team lead for AguaClara. AguaClara is a program that's focused on providing sustainable, clean drinking water to communities everywhere throughout the globe. So we're currently serving about 40,000 people in Honduras, and we just have three new filters that are working in India now. We're a program that is actually doing something really significant in value. It's something that I found at Cornell, and it's just become the most fulfilling part of my Cornell experience and my Cornell journey. What we learn here, and what we do here, and what we discover here is much bigger than ourselves. To have deep understandings of the places that our knowledge and discovery can be useful, to listen really carefully, to what are the needs of the world, and how can we respond to those creatively? All of that happens when students and faculty are put in situations of relating and interacting with the world, whether internationally, locally, through an internship, or a service project, or some kind of creative project, research, policy engagements, business partnerships, working on issues of sustainable development in a community, that kind of learning that combines the world and the best of the Academy is truly exciting and transformative for our students. I'm thinking of all these Cornell experiences, Slope Day, watching the dragon, being in Collegetown, meeting and making some of the best friends in my life. Like every parent, you have to use reverse psychology to get your kids to do something. So we would never tell our daughter that you should go to Cornell. If anything, we'd say, hey, you should go to a school near home. And then my wife brought her on a college tour out East, and our daughter just fell in love with Cornell. And, you know, it has to come from inside. It came to her from herself. She just loved this place, she loved the visit, and she felt that there was something special in the atmosphere. That nurturing environment that I had experienced, she felt it from inside. And by herself, said, Dad, if I get in, that's where I would like to go. There's a special connection between me and every single student on campus, because they're a part of the Cornell family, and that's what I'm a part of. And I'm always going to be a Cornellian, and that's something really special. [INSPIRATIONAL MUSIC PLAYING] [CROWD CHEERS] What a performance. Cornell to the Sweet 16! Let's go back to Greg Gumbel in New York. [INSPIRATIONAL MUSIC CONTINUES] [MUSIC - B.O.B., "AIRPLANES"] Hello, Cornell. Ed Helms here, excited to wish you a very happy sesqui-sem-senial, sesquicen-- A very Happy Birthday, and best wishes for the next 150 years. Sesquin-tren-tenial? Ses-- Happy Birthday, Cornell! Happy birthday! Happy birthday! Happy Birthday! Happy Birthday, Cornell! Saskachew-is-wan. Happy Birthday, Cornell! Happy Birthday, Cornell! Cornell, Happy Birthday! Happy Birthday, Cornell! Argh! (SINGING) This is your birthday song. [LAUGHTER] May you live many more centuries. Happy Birthday. [MUSIC PLAYING]
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The Charter Day video, Glorious To View, celebrates what makes Cornell so special-its beauty, spirit, and sense of purpose. The video features soaring views of Cornell's campus and perspectives from faculty, students and alumni. Happy 150th Birthday Cornell!
150 years of Cornell
sesquicentennial
Panel: Pathways to Wellness, Fulfillment, and Good Health
Shining a Light on the Brain: Neurons in Action, Effects of Alzheimer's Disease
Panel: Is the Future Secure and Sustainable?
Dave Sherwyn: History and Evolution of Sexual Harassment Law
Literary reading by Richard Price '71, novelist
Behavioral Economics Revolution
Aziz Rana: Should Americans Love the Constitution?
How two Cornellians reinvented the American city
John Cawley: Exploring the Economics of Obesity
Paula Cohen: Small RNAs
The Genomic Revolution: How DNA Information Is Changing Our Lives
Convicted By Law, Acquitted by Social Science
Robotics: Today's Intertwining of Engineering and Computer Science
Francine Blau - The Gender Pay Gap: Going, Going... but Not Gone
Robert Frank: Success and Luck
Cornell and Global Poverty Reduction
Cornellians Explain the Media, 150 Years and 140 Characters Later
A Piano is not a Piano is not a Piano...
Reading by Lorrie Moore MFA '82, American fiction writer
Baroque organ performance of works by Johann Sebastian Bach
Illuminating Images: A First Step to Scientific Discovery
My Cornell - A Celebration in Words and Music
The American Dream: Opportunities and Challenges
Sights and Sounds: Cornell Filmmakers and Visions for the 21st Century
Charter Day Ceremony
Seeing and Hearing at the Cutting Edge: The Time of Experience
Panel: Six Degrees of Separation
Panel: Strengthening the Global Financial System
Presidential Panel: The Future of Higher Education
Cornell and the Joy of Discovery: Any Person, Any Planet
'myCornell: Timeless (From 16mm to the Digital Age)' by David Karp
More from Charter Day Weekend
The Big Idea! Cornell Celebrates 150
VP Susan Murphy expresses gratitude in 'last lecture'
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Neath | well-being Assessment
The Neath community area includes the electoral divisions of Aberdulais, Tonna, Neath North, Neath East, Neath South, Briton Ferry East, Briton Ferry West, Bryncoch South, Bryncoch North, Cadoxton, Dyffryn, Coedffranc West, Coedffranc North, Coedffranc Central and Cimla.
Neath town developed as a market town for the surrounding rural valley areas. The town’s landmark, St David’s Church clock tower, is in the heart of the town centre.
The Gwyn Hall in Neath town centre regularly shows films, shows and musical performances.
Neath town centre is currently part of a major regeneration plan to make the County Borough an attractive place to live, visit and do business. The vision for Neath is to create an attractive, vibrant and competitive town that meets the needs of businesses, shoppers and visitors, whilst retaining its market town character.
The ruins of Neath Abbey Monastery are located just outside the town while Neath Castle, a grade II listed building, is located within the town itself. Neath is also home to the oldest rugby club in Wales, Neath RFC. The Gnoll Estate Country Park also located in the immediate area of the town includes four duck ponds, two 18th century cascades, a visitor centre and cafe, play area and adventure playground.
KEY FINDINGS FROM OUR ENGAGEMENT AND RESEARCH EXERCISES:
For survey respondents from Neath, social well-being was strongly related to social networks; friends, family and people who could be relied upon. Healthy living, maintaining good health (both physical and mental) and happiness were frequently mentioned factors here.
In terms of things that could improve the social well-being of the area, survey respondents from the Neath community area were concerned about:
Few activities for young people
Increasing problems of anti-social behaviour
Drug and alcohol misuse
Cinemas were said to be too expensive
There were some concerns about health service provision, with reports of a six month waiting list to see a psychiatrist, difficulties seeing dentists and poor mental health care.
Survey respondents felt that their social well-being could be improved if they had more time to socialise and money to support social activities.
For survey respondents, having a job was perceived as the greatest contribution to economic well-being.
Survey respondents emphasised the impact of tax, interest rates and tax credits upon individual well-being, pointing out that economic well-being is a function of government spending, as well as individual behavior.
Having a job was seen as the greatest contribution to economic well-being. In terms of things that would improve individuals’ economic well-being, many responses focused on:
Increased pay
Improved financial literacy
Lower household bills
The latest census information (2011) shows that there was 4.1% unemployment in the Neath region and of those aged 16 and over, 29.3% have no qualifications, which is higher than the all Wales figure of 25.9%.
Of the 22,518 homes in the area, 14,488 (64.3%) were identified as being deprived using one or more of the following 4 dimensions of deprivation; employment, education, health/disability and household overcrowding (Census 2011).
The Neath community area has a rich and varied landscape with woodland, wetland, dune and floodplain habitats. These include the European designated Special Area of Conservation/National Nature Reserve at Crymlyn Bog and Pant y Sais Fen, four Sites of Special Scientific Interest, two Wildlife Trust Reserves and two local nature reserves and 35 Sites of interest for Nature Conservation. As well as being home to some rare species, such as the fen raft spider, these areas also provide tranquil amenity space.
The Neath and Tennant Canals provide important ecological connectivity through the area and are also used extensively for walking and cycling. Following major restoration works, the Neath canal has been made navigable from Neath town centre to Abergarwed near Resolven.
There is good access to the surrounding countryside via a range of rights of way, with leisure facilities, such as the Gnoll Estate and Craig Gwladys Country Parks.
Air pollution from traffic is an issue in many urban areas of the UK. The Victoria Gardens area of the town is such an area and actions to improve the situation are ongoing.
Survey respondents from the Neath area defined environmental well-being in terms of:
– Access to a high quality natural environment; free from pollution, noise or litter, and;
– A home environment that is safe, warm and comfortable.
Other factors mentioned included:
Good recycling facilities
Cycle ways
In terms of things that could improve the environmental well-being of the area, survey respondents from the area placed particular emphasis on being close to green spaces, woodlands and beaches. Air quality was a concern to some residents, along with ensuring maintenance of clean rivers.
For people living in the Neath community area, cultural well-being was defined in terms of the emphasis on cultural activities and events (theatre, film, music, arts, and libraries), learning and a sense of place. Being proud to be Welsh, feeling patriotic about sport (especially rugby) and symbols such as the daffodil were mentioned by people living in the area. Additionally, volunteering was also highlighted as an important factor contributing to cultural well-being.
Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council manages two libraries; one is located in the town centre and the other in Skewen. Also, there is one community managed library, located in Briton Ferry. In Neath itself there are 167 listed buildings.
There are a number of sports and leisure facilities in the area, including a 25m swimming pool. There are currently 38 playgrounds in the Neath community area; 34 of these have fixed play equipment, 24 parks have green spaces (which range from informal amenity areas to woodland) while three parks are equipped with a Multi-Use Games Area. There are a number of other spots facilities in the area including golf courses in Neath and Jersey Marine.
Three historic parks and gardens are also located in the areas; Gnoll Estate Country Park, Victoria Gardens in Neath and Jersey Park in Briton Ferry. In terms of entertainment, Neath provides a cultural hub for the area, including the Cinema in the Gwyn Hall and the Neath Little Theatre, which is a venue for local amateur productions.
With regards to the Welsh language, 10.8% (5,449) of residents in Neath can speak Welsh.
Similar to the Port Talbot community area, the number of people from black and minority ethnic groups in the Port Talbot community area is small, and is reflected in the position in the County Borough as a whole.
Religion is important to some people living in the Neath community area. However, information from the Census shows a decrease in the percentage of people who identified themselves as Christian, from 72% in 2001 to 58% in 2011. During the same period, there was also a noticeable increase in people declaring that they had ‘no religion’, from 20% to 34%.
In terms of opportunities, a shortage of music venues was highlighted and it was felt the loss of the museum in Neath town centre due to a fire had left a gap in cultural knowledge. Also, people living in the area called for more adult learning, showing a strong desire for learning the Welsh language and more about local culture and heritage.
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Ralph Ziman
Daniel Buckland; Robert Hobbs; Rapulana Seiphemo; Jeffrey Zekele; Ronnie Nyakale
Drama, Action, Crime, Foreign
This South African movie tracks the rise of a once-petty criminal to the heights of the criminal underworld. After cutting his teeth on hijacking, before moving onto bigger game, an ambitious man hits a setback when most of his gang are shot.
Based on 8 critics
Gangster Squad (2013)
Los Angeles, 1949. Ruthless, Brooklyn-born mob king Mickey Cohen (Sean Penn) runs the show in this town, reaping the ill-gotten gains from the drugs, the guns, the prostitutes and if he has his way every wire bet placed west of Chicago. And he does it all with the protection of not only his own paid goons, but also the police and the politicians who are under his control. Its enough to intimidate even the bravest, street-hardened cop
except, perhaps, for the small, secret crew of LAPD outsiders led by Sgt. John OMara (Josh Brolin) and Jerry Wooters (Ryan Gosling), who come together to try to tear Cohens world apart.
The Brink's Job (1978)
After a long time of bad luck, the little criminal Tony and his gang successfully rob one of Brink's security transport, taking $30,000. Surprisingly their coup doesn't make the press. Curious Tony checks out their headquarters and finds out that their security standard is low beyond belief. Now a really big coup is prepared... Written by Tom Zoerner
Gangster (2006)
Simran drowns her misery in booze. Her one friend in Seoul, is Aakash, a singer in an Indian restaurant. One night, Simran tells Aakash of her past and the reasons for her loneliness. Originally a bar dancer in Mumbai, Simran is the girlfriend of a notorious gangster, Daya, who is a headhunter for hire. After hearing her story Aakash is determined to save Simran from the gangster's world.
The League of Gentlemen (1960)
Involuntarily-retired Colonel Hyde recruits seven other dissatisfied ex-servicemen for a special project. Each of the men has a skeleton in the cupboard, is short of money, and is a service-trained expert in his field. The job is a bank robbery, and military discipline and planning are imposed by Hyde and second-in-command Race on the team, although civilian irritations do start getting in the way.
The Valachi Papers (1972)
When Joe Valachi (Charles Bronson) has a price put on his head by Don Vito Genovese (Lino Ventura), he must take desperate steps to protect himself while in prison. An unsuccessful attempt to slit his throat puts him over the edge to break the sacred code of silence.
The Crimson Charm (1971)
A noble swordsman and a one-armed swordswoman go up against the vicious Crimson Charm gang of thieves and cutthroats. The lovely and lethal Ivy Ling Po teams with the amazing Chang I for a classic tale of good versus evil in which the best man and one-armed woman wins.
Dhoom (2004)
A gang of bikers headed by the cool-headed and arrogant Kabir is on a robbing spree in Mumbai. They rob establishments and then zip away on their superbikes. ACP Jai Dixit is the case in-charge and he recruits a bumbling bike mechanic and racer named Ali to chase the gang on a bike and help Jai nab them. Kabir accepts the challenge, and pulls off another robbery amidst a function. This causes Jai and Ali to call it off. Jai resigns from the police force and Ali goes back to his daily job. Meanwhile Kabir has lost one of his team members and recruits Ali for their final job in Goa. The action shifts from the congested Mumbai traffic to the sunny Goa for the final showdown between cops and robbers.
Outrage (2010)
The story begins with Sekiuchi, boss of the Sannokai, a huge organized crime syndicate controlling the entire Kanto region, issuing a stern warning to his lieutenant Kato and right-hand man Ikemoto, head of the Ikemoto-gumi. Kato orders Ikemoto to bring the unassociated Murase-gumi gang in line, and he immediately passes the task on to his subordinate Otomo, who runs his own crew. The tricky jobs that no-one wants to do always end up in Otomos lap.
Rööperi (2009)
A Finnish-language ensemble crime drama, it intersects events from the lives of characters swept up in this maelstrom, whose outcomes differ radically: some succeed in going straight, and others find themselves sucked back into crime, while still others die violent deaths.
Thoughtcrimes (2003)
Freya McAllister suddenly starts hearing voices in her head on the night of her High School Prom. One night Dr Michael Welles arrives telling Freya that she isn't crazy but that her voices are the thoughts of everyone around her. He teaches her to turn her telepathic powers into a powerful gift. What he doesn't say is that he works for the National Security Agency...
G-Men (1935)
James "Brick" Davis, a struggling attorney, owes his education to a mob member named McKay, but refuses to get involved with the underworld. When his friend Eddie Buchanan is gunned down by gangster Brad Collins while on assignment for the Justice Department, Brick decides to give up the law for a career with the Department.
Hot Boyz (2002)
Injustice begets a criminal. Kool is an artist without prospects, a black belt in karate, and in love with LaShawna, poised and college bound. One night she witnesses a stabbing and discovers the victim is a cop as he dies in her arms. She's jailed for murder by the infamous Ramparts Division of the LAPD. Kool wants to prove her innocence, and Tully, the cynical detective in charge, ignores LaShawna's case but uses Kool to break up an incipient crime operation. She's in danger because the guilty parties fear that the officer talked before he died. While in jail awaiting a hearing and legal help, she's beaten to death by a rogue cop. Kool vows revenge: the Hot Boyz are born.
Once in the Life (2000)
Once in the life (of drug dealing and organized crime), can anyone get out? During a brief jail stay, two half-brothers, who have rarely seen each other while growing up, connect. One of them, called 20/20 Mike because he can sense people nearby, concocts a scheme in which the two of them will steal some dope from young couriers. The heist goes awry when Billy, the junkie brother, shoots the victims of the theft. The brothers hole up in an abandoned building, and 20/20 Mike seeks help from an old cell mate, Tony, whom he thinks is out of the life. It turns out that they have stolen Tony's dope, and Tony's boss wants the two thieves dead. Is there any way out? Written by
Coonskin (1975)
A multi-layered satire of race relations in America. Live-action sequences of a prison break bracket the animated story of Brother Rabbit, Brother Bear, and Preacher Fox, who rise to the top of the crime ranks in Harlem by going up against a con-man, a racist cop, and the Mafia.
Harlem Nights (1989)
"Sugar" Ray is the owner of an illegal casino, who contend with the pressures of vicious gangster and corrupt policemen who want to see him go out of business. In the world of organized crime and police corruption in the 1920s, any dastardly trick is fair!
The Exterminator (1980)
A man's best friend is killed on the streets of New York. The man (Robert Ginty) then transforms into a violent killer, turning New York into a great war zone and Christopher George is the only one to stop him.
Following the death of District Attorney Harvey Dent, Batman assumes responsibility for Dent's crimes to protect the late attorney's reputation and is subsequently hunted by the Gotham City Police Department. Eight years later, Batman encounters the mysterious Selina Kyle and the villainous Bane, a new terrorist leader who overwhelms Gotham's finest. The Dark Knight resurfaces to protect a city that has branded him an enemy.
Dossier K. (2009)
Vincke and Verstuyft are detectives of the Antwerp police department. This time they have to deal with the Albanian mob and some problems in their own police division.
The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse (1938)
A wealthy society doctor decides to research the medical aspects of criminal behaviour by becoming one himself. He joins a gang of thieves and proceeds to wrest leadership of the gang away from it's extremely resentful leader.
When shadowy U.S. intelligence agents blackmail a reformed computer hacker and his eccentric team of security experts into stealing a code-breaking "black box" from a Soviet-funded genius, they uncover a bigger conspiracy. Now, he and his "sneakers" must save themselves and the world economy by retrieving the box back from their blackmailers.
Batman raises the stakes in his war on crime. With the help of Lt. Jim Gordon and District Attorney Harvey Dent, Batman sets out to dismantle the remaining criminal organizations that plague the streets. The partnership proves to be effective, but they soon find themselves prey to a reign of chaos unleashed by a rising criminal mastermind known to the terrified citizens of Gotham as the Joker.
Find Me Guilty (2006)
Based on the true story of Jack DiNorscio, a mobster who defended himself in court for what would be the longest mafia trial in U.S. history.
Ruby (1992)
Fact and fiction are combined in this story about Jack Ruby and a stripper, Candy Cane, and how they become involved in a conspiracy to kill J.F.K.
A psychotic child murderer stalks a city. Despite an exhaustive investigation fueled by public hysteria and outcry, the police have been unable to find him. The police crackdown makes it nearly impossible for the organized criminal underground to operate. The criminals decide that the only way to get the police off their backs is to catch the murderer themselves.
After years of pursuit, Assistant D.A. Martin Ferguson has a good case against Murder, Inc. boss Albert Mendoza. Mendoza is in jail and his lieutenant Joseph Rico is going to testify. But Rico falls to his death and Ferguson must work through the night going over everything to build the case anew.
In Too Deep (1999)
A fearless cop is taking on a ruthless crimelord. He knew the risks. He just didn't know how far he would have to go.
A Company Man (2012)
Hyeong-Do (So Ji-Sub) is an assassin for a company that masquerades as a metal trading company. One day, he takes on a job partnering with a man Hyun-Yi, who is he is to kill afterwards. Hyun-Yi asks a favor to Hyeong-Do which is to give money to his family. Hyeong-Do visits Hyun-Yi's home where he meets Hyun-Yi's wife Su-Yeon (Lee Mi-Yeon). Su-Yeon is a former singer whom Hyeong-Do admired in the past. Guilt, an unknown feeling up to this point for Hyeong-Do, begins take over Hyeong-Do.
Zatôichi the Fugitive (1963)
After arriving in the town of Shimonita, Ichi finds that a price has been put on his head by a local yakuza boss. He's drawn into a trap, but after hearing of the slaying of a former love, Ichi furiously fights his way through the entire clan to face the killer, a hired ronin.
The Trial of the Incredible Hulk (1989)
On the run again, Dr. David Banner is jailed for assault after interrupting a mugging. Blind attorney Matt Murdock enlists Banner's help in locating the muggers because he believes they work for his longtime foe, Fisk, the head of an international crime network. But David, afraid of public exposure, breaks out of jail as the Hulk. Tracking David down, Murdock reveals his own secret: His blindness came from a radioactive spill, and after developing his other senses so incredibly, he has become the amazingly athletic crime fighter called Daredevil. Fisk must now face off against Daredevil and the Incredible Hulk!
Naanum Rowdydhaan (2015)
Pandian, the son of a cop and a wannabe rowdy, falls in love with Kadambarai, a hearing-impaired girl, who wants him to take on Killivalavan, a gangster-politician who has murdered her parents.
New Tale of Zatôichi (1963)
Wishing to find peace, Zatoichi travels to his old village but only finds trouble when he ends up in a love triangle and finds old scores have followed him home.
Kundo: Age of the Rampant (2014)
Set in the 19th century, when lowly butcher Dol Moo-Chi refuses to carry out an assignment, his failure causes tragedy to unfold upon his family and himself. As Dol Moo-Chi is about to be executed, a group of righteous thieves known as Kundo arrive.
The Adventures of Huck Finn (1993)
Climb aboard for an extraordinary version of Mark Twain's sweeping adventure when Walt Disney presents The Adventures of Huck Finn, starring Elijah Wood (The Lord of the Rings). Directed by Stephen Sommers (The Mummy, The Mummy Returns), it's the unforgettable saga of a mischievous youngster and a runaway slave
'Cash' is a high octane heist thriller set in Cape Town, South Africa.The film revolves around an ace con artist,(Ajay Devgan) who hires a set of top notch robbers (Esha Deol, Zayed Khan, Dia Mirza and Riteish Deshmukh) to steal a set of priceless diamonds in South Africa. The group also faces a threat from underworld don (Suniel Shetty), who is after the same diamonds and also the Head of Security (Shamita Shetty). How these three groups manage to thwart each other forms the rest of the story and makes it a nonstop adventure caper.
Bandits vs. Samurai Squadron (1978)
Kumokiri Nizaemon, a former samurai warrior, has abandoned his class to become the leader of a gang of thieves. He leads his outlaws in an attempt to rob the castle of his former clan.
The Turning Point (1952)
Special prosecutor John Conroy hopes to combat organized crime in his city, and appoints his cop father Matt as chief investigator. John doesn't understand why Matt is reluctant, but cynical reporter Jerry McKibbon thinks he knows: he's seen Matt with mob lieutenant Harrigan. Jerry's friendship for John is tested by the question of what to do about Matt, and by his attraction to John's girl Amanda. Meanwhile, the threatened racketeers adopt increasingly violent means of defense.
Knowing (2009)
A teacher opens a time capsule that has been dug up at his son's elementary school; in it are some chilling predictions -- some that have already occurred and others that are about to -- that lead him to believe his family plays a role in the events that are about to unfold.
GLove (2011)
Kim Sang-nam (Jeong Jae-yeong), a hot-tempered former professional baseball player, is sent to the countryside to coach a team of hearing-impaired players in order to avoid media coverage of his recent involvement in an assault case. At first, Kim has a difficult time imagining how he can teach baseball to a group of boys who can't hear, but as he spends time with them he starts to believe that they can play the game. Motivated, Kim decides to help them prepare for the nationals. But things don't go the way Kim plans and their difficulties communicating with one another exacerbates the situation
Soundtrack (2011)
Arriving in Mumbai with just a backpack and a guitar, Raunaq Kaul hooks up with Surinder Bhan, who introduces him to Charlie, the owner of 'Charlie Tango' nightclub. This is where Raunaq makes his start and achieves phenomenal success as a composer virtually overnight. He quickly regresses to a life of illicit drugs, including Charas, Cocaine, Ganja, smoking, and alcohol. Unable to perform, he goes for a medical check-up with Dr. Manu Rishi Kaul, and is told that he has lost his hearing in the right ear, while the left one is only partly functional. In order to avoid deafness, he must avoid loud music as well as try and keep off drugs, alcohol and smoking, and wear a hearing-aid. Unable to focus on his work, he alienates himself, gets into an argument, which results in an accident - taking away his hearing altogether. Depressed, refusing to communicate with anyone, he prepares a padded sound-proof room with hopes of recovering his hearing...
Hum Tum Aur Ghost (2010)
Armaan's (Arshad Warsi) life is picture perfect; a loving girlfriend and a great job as a fashion photographer. The truth is that he hears voices - voices that torture him, voices that don't let him have his peace, and voices that nobody else can hear. What is even more puzzling is the fact that he talks to himself...or rather, to people, whom no one can see!
Khamoshi: The Musical (1996)
Goa based Joseph Braganza and his wife Flavy, devout Catholics, are both deaf and mute. He makes a living selling soap bars door to door. Flavy gets pregnant and gives birth to a daughter who they name Annie, who can speak and hear much to their delight. Flavy soon gives birth to a son, Sam, who can also hear and speak. A few years later, Sam accidentally passes away, making Joseph lose faith. Joseph, unable to make a living selling soap, opens a toy making factory and the family prospers. Annie grows up, takes to music and singing in a great way, meets with a young man named Raj and both fall in love. Joseph dislikes Raj, mainly because he is Hindu, is able to speak and hear, not a resident of Goa, and the fear of losing Annie forever and thus their contact with the world. When Annie gets pregnant, Joseph is enraged, he asks her to abort, when she refuses, he asks her to leave his house. What will Annie do next? Will Joseph, Flavy and Annie ever re-unite.
What Women Want (2011)
After an accident, a chauvinistic executive gains the ability to hear what women are really thinking.
The Secret Life of Words (2005)
A touching story of a deaf girl who is sent to an oil rig to take care of a man who has been blinded in a terrible accident. The girl has a special ability to communicate with the men on board and especially with her patient as they share intimate moments together that will change their lives forever.
The Wildcat (1921)
A charismatic lieutenant newly assigned to a remote fort is captured by a group of mountain bandits, thus setting in motion a madcap farce that is Lubitsch at his most unrestrained. A wonderfully anarchic and playfully subversive satire of military life from one of the great comedy filmmakers.
Freedom (2009)
A Gypsy family travels the French roads during the Second World War, followed by Little Claude, a young boy seeking a new family after his parents "left and never returned". Upon reaching a town where they traditionally stop for a few months and work in vineyards, they learn that a new law forbids them from being nomadic. Theodore, the town's mayor, and Miss Lundi, the schoolteacher, protect and help the Gypsies. Despite this, They are arrested and placed in an internment camp. Theodore manages to rescue them and gives them a piece of property where they must settle. But the Gypsies' deeply ingrained thirst for freedom makes this sedentary lifestyle difficult to bear. After Theodore and Miss Lundi are arrested for resistance, the Gypsies decide they must get back on the move in order to remain free.
High Jump (1959)
After he accidentally causes the death of his partner, trapeze artist Bill Ryan (Richard Wyler) leaves the circus and sinks into an alcoholic mire of self-pity. Things look up when elegant Jackie Field (Lisa Daniely) takes interest in Bill, but she hides a sinister motive. Ignoring Kitty (Leigh Madison), the shopgirl who adores him, Bill falls for Jackie and joins her gang of thieves, but the daring stunt she has him perform may lead to disaster.
Organized Crime & Triad Bureau (1994)
The head of the Organized Crime and Triad Bureau, Inspector San Lee, will do anything to put triad boss Tung in jail.
Sehar (2005)
Ajay Kumar (Warsi) is the newly appointed, honest SSP of Lucknow police. Of his family only his mother (Mulay) remains, and she inspires and motivates him to do the right thing. Ajay tries to crack down on the UP mafia, but more often than not is betrayed by information-leaking local police officials. His boss tries to aid him by shielding him from political pressures, and by getting sanction for
Clash (2009)
Trinh, a mercenary, must complete a series of organized crime jobs for her boss in order to win the release of her kidnapped daughter. She hires several mercenaries to help, including Quan, who she becomes attracted to. Trinh and Quan's relationship becomes complicated as it becomes evident that their motivations are not the same.
Hard Gun (1996)
Panna and Tony play members of a desperate gang of thieves who are forced into hiding after a robbery goes wrong; when the police launch a raid on their hide-out, the pair are forced to make a bid for freedom, and in the ensuing battle, Panna's 'brother' is shot and killed. Narrowly escaping the clutches of the law themselves, the duo plan to take revenge on Pitak, the cop who fired the fatal bullet.
The Victim (1999)
A computer engineer is kidnapped and tortured. Since then, his girlfriend senses he's no longer the same person, and becomes convinced that something supernatural is corrupting his soul. The cop assigned to the case is also determined to get to the bottom of the case. The truth is more frightening than either had anticipated.
Gangs of New York (2002)
1863. America was born in the streets. In this movie, we see Amsterdam Vallon returning to the Five Points of America to seek vengeance against the psychotic gangland kingpin Bill the Butcher who murdered his father years ago. With an eager pickpocket by his side and a whole new army, Vallon fights his way to seek vengeance on the Butcher and restore peace in the area.
Goodfellas (1990)
Henry Hill is a small time gangster, who takes part in a robbery with Jimmy Conway and Tommy De Vito, two other gangsters who have set their sights a bit higher. His two partners kill off everyone else involved in the robbery, and slowly start to climb up through the hierarchy of the Mob. Henry, however, is badly affected by his partners success, but will he stoop low enough to bring about the downfall of Jimmy and Tommy?
711 Ocean Drive (1950)
The Horatio Alger parable gets the film noir treatment with the redoubtable Edmund OBrien as a whip-smart telephone technician who moves up the ladder of a Syndicate gambling empire in Southern California until distracted by an inconveniently married Joanne Dru and his own greed. Ripped from the headlines of the 1950 Kevaufer Organized Crime Hearings, this fast-moving picture is laden with location sequences shot in Los Angeles, the Hoover Dam and Palm Springs including the famous Doll House watering hole on North Palm Canyon Drive!
The Godfather (1972)
The story spans the years from 1945 to 1955 and chronicles the fictional Italian-American Corleone crime family. When organized crime family patriarch Vito Corleone barely survives an attempt on his life, his youngest son, Michael, steps in to take care of the would-be killers, launching a campaign of bloody revenge.
The Frightened Man (1952)
Kicked out of Oxford, a junk dealer's son (Dermot Walsh) joins a gang of thieves fenced by his father (Charles Victor).
Easy Money (2010)
A three-tiered story centered around drugs and organized crime, and focused on a young man who becomes a runner for a coke dealer.
The Departed (2006)
To take down South Boston's Irish Mafia, the police send in one of their own to infiltrate the underworld, not realizing the syndicate has done likewise in Martin Scorsese's multiple Oscar-winning crime thriller. While an undercover cop curries favor with the mob kingpin, a career criminal rises through the police ranks. But both sides soon discover there's a mole among them.
Main Street After Dark (1945)
A police detective (Edward Arnold) uses fluorescent powder to catch a pickpocket (Selena Royle) and her gang.
A History of Violence (2005)
An average family is thrust into the spotlight after the father commits a seemingly self-defense murder at his diner.
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LOWELL, MA – Greater Lawrence Family Health Center is the latest non-profit organization to be awarded a $1,500 donation from Jeanne D’Arc Credit Union’s We Share a Common Thread Foundation, as part of the fourth quarter (October-December) Give-a-Click program.
The Give-a-Click program runs quarterly on the We Share a Common Thread Foundation website (WSACT.com). Community members visit the site, learn about the worthy non-profit contestants, and cast their vote for the organization they would like to support. The non-profit with the most votes at the end of the quarter is awarded a $1,500 donation from the Foundation.
The Greater Lawrence Family Health Center (GLFHC) has provided comprehensive primary health care services to underserved residents of the Merrimack Valley since 1980. The GLFHC is focused on improving the health of people and their families in the Merrimack Valley area. Located in Lawrence, Massachusetts, GLFHC has eight clinical locations providing care to more than 62,000 patients a year. Their mission is to improve and maintain the health of individuals and families in the Merrimack Valley by providing a network of high quality, comprehensive health care services and by training health care professionals to respond to the needs of a culturally diverse population.
“The Greater Lawrence Family Health Center provides an invaluable service helping people in the underserved communities of the Merrimack Valley,” said Mark S. Cochran, President and Chief Executive Officer at Jeanne D’Arc Credit Union. “We are glad we can provide exposure for all of our Give A Click nominees and always happy to award the winner with the financial contribution.”
"We always look for the opportunity to partner with Jeanne D'Arc Credit Union and were excited to have been included in their We Share a Common Thread Foundation’s Give-a-Click program,” said David Hall, Associate Vice President of External Relations at Greater Lawrence Family Health Center.
This $1,500 award will facilitate GLFHC to help meet the needs of underserved communities in the region and move closer to achieving its mission in providing health care services to the Merrimack Valley. The awarded funds will be used to help renovate and expand GLFHC’s Lawrence clinic, which is their largest clinic and accounts for 33% of their annual patient visits.
Please visit www.glfhc.org to learn more.
About Jeanne D’Arc Credit Union:
Jeanne D’Arc Credit Union was established in 1912 and is a full-service, community-based financial cooperative. Locally owned by 91,640 members with $1.6 billion in assets, Jeanne D’Arc operates eight full-service branches in Lowell, Dracut (2), Tyngsboro, Chelmsford, Methuen and Westford, Massachusetts and Nashua, New Hampshire; high-school branches at Lowell High, Dracut High, and Nashua High School South; a loan center in Lowell; and a mortgage center in Chelmsford.
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Dave Ex Machina
A Thousand Points of Articulation
← End of Line
Space Cabby Sunday: The Robot Without a World! →
Meet Jackson!
Congrats to Dan and Jen! Here’s Jackson, who came into the world last night! He weighs 8lbs 12.5 oz and he’s 20 1/2 inches long. And what’s more, he was born with an Xbox 360 controller in his hand!
Mom and baby are doing fine. We can’t wait to meet the new d00dz! Let’s give the family a big hand!
This entry was posted in Events and tagged bebe. Bookmark the permalink.
2 Responses to Meet Jackson!
Mrs. Mancer says:
I can’t quite put my finger on it, but something about this photo looks fishy…
Congrats Jen and Dan and big brother Copper! I can’t believe you didn’t take my suggested spelling: Djax0n
Stewart says:
Hey guys, what is his XBOX 360 gamertag so I can kick his newborn butt online in Call of Duty?
Time Machine Go!
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The Hand of Lydia Stalnaker
RANDOM DELIGHTS!
Goodbye iTunes, Hello Plex
Do I Really Have to Go This Far Just to Make a Point?
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Emanating from
Springfield, MA.
© 2021 - Dave Ex Machina
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Yawn loses appeal, begins serving sentence
in Top Stories
Wednesday, February 5. 2014
Anthony “Tony” Yawn, who was found guilty of enticing a child for indecent purposes in Dodge Superior Court, lost his appeal to the Court of Appeals of Georgia in Atlanta on January 22, 2014 and reported to prison on Monday, February 3, 2014 to begin serving his sentence.
Yawn was arrested in 2011 and was tried in Dodge Superior Court in October 2012. At trial, Yawn was found guilty of one felony count of enticing a child for indecent purposes and was sentenced to 15 years with 10 to serve in prison and five to serve on probation.
He was found not guilty on one count of felony aggravated child molestation and there was a hung jury regarding one count of child molestation.
Yawn was taken into custody , but was released on a $60,000.00 appeal bond after his attorney filed an appeal of the jury’s decision and the court’s ruling.
Yawn appealed on there being sufficient evidence, the trial court’s refusal to strike two jurors for cause and the admission of certain evidence.
The Court of Appeals of Georgia found that the evidence was sufficient to support Yawn’s conviction for enticing a child for indecent purposes. The court also found that there was no cause to strike either of the two jurors in question.
The court also found that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting certain evidence.
#1 GetRDone on 02/05/14 at 07:00 PM [Reply]
Good news! Hang him high. What about the case against Jimmy Frost from the high school? Isn't he on house arrest for several counts of the same thing Yawn did?
[ Top level ]#1: GetRDone on 2014-02-05 19:00
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Movies A - Z
I Stream, You Stream Vol. 2
I'll probably be watching Joe Swanberg's new Netflix show most of the weekend, but here are some other options for when it's finished!
Raiders! The Story of the Greatest Fan Film Ever Made (2015, dir. Jeremy Coon, Tim Skousen) I saw this movie, about a group of friends who spent their childhoods remaking Raiders of the Lost Ark shot for shot except for one scene that they reunite to complete as adults, back at the 2015 Chicago Critics Film Festival. I found it very entertaining but somewhat problematic (it never quite deals with the question of why these people process art this way); still, it's absolutely worth watching because the story being told is so fascinating even when it occasionally comes up short as a film. (Watch on Netflix)
The Witch (2016, dir. Robert Eggers) Yes, #ScaryMovieMonth is still a week away, but maybe you can get yourself ready by watching what most horror writers are calling the best movie of the year (and, in some cases, the best of the last several years). It remains a movie I have tons of respect and admiration for but with which I don't have much of an emotional connection, but that's ok. I still recognize it as a great film. And Black Phillip is one of the best movie characters of the year. He will teach us all how to live deliciously. (Watch on Amazon Prime Video)
Kicking and Screaming (1995, dir. Noah Baumbach) I know that I really should be recommending the new documentary The Beatles: Eight Days a Week (2016, dir. Ron Howard) because it's more or less a Hulu exclusive (though it is getting a limited theatrical run, which in many ways makes it even cooler that you can just stream it at home), but I haven't seen it yet and JB told me some things about it that convinced me not to recommend it until I have. I'm not taking shots at a movie I haven't seen yet, I promise. I will watch it. In the meantime, allow me to recommend one of my very favorite "walking and talking" movies of the mid-'90s: writer/director Noah Baumbach's debut feature Kicking and Screaming. It has a cast of Sundance all-stars of the era (era), including Eric Stoltz (of course), Parker Posey (of course), Whit Stillman regular Chris Eigeman (yes), Josh Hamilton (right) and many more recognizable faces in a movie about post-grad 20somethings trying to figure out life and romance. Nothing novel about the premise, but the dialogue is sharp and funny and the performances all strong. This is still one of my favorite of all Baumbach's movies. (Watch on Hulu)
Murder Party (2007, dir. Jeremy Saulnier) I've recommended Green Room and Blue Ruin director Jeremy Saulnier's first movie Murder Party before as a movie you should watch on Shudder. I stand by the recommendation. It's very funny in a deadpan way and a terrific takedown of pretentious hipster artists. (Watch on Shudder)
Universal Soldier: Regeneration (2009, dir. Jon Hyams) If you've read any of my #HeavyAction pieces over the last few years, you know that I have called Universal Soldier: Regeneration the best DTV action movie of all time. Director Jon Hyams completely reinvigorates the franchise after a couple of terrible sequels and makes a relentless, brutal combat film that's almost wall to wall action and adds a couple cool things to the mythology. He would take this all even further with the next movie, Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning, which combines the balls-out violence of the previous film with a crazy nightmare art movie. For pure action, though, there's no substitute for Regeneration. (Watch on Crackle)
Posted by Patrick Bromley at 12:00 PM
Labels: amazon prime, hulu, i stream you stream, jeremy saulnier, murder party, netflix instant, noah baumbach, raiders!, the witch, universal soldier regeneration
Kunider September 23, 2016 at 12:32 PM
i really hope you've seen JCVD. if not, you have to.
US:R is great, US:DoR is perfect. there, i said it.
Patrick Bromley September 23, 2016 at 1:01 PM
JCVD is great!
Daniel Epler September 23, 2016 at 12:59 PM
I wasn't thrilled with Murder Party, but I did love how it mocked pretentious hipster artists. That was awesome.
Andrew B September 23, 2016 at 6:31 PM
I really, really liked Raiders, and thought that they touched on why Eric wanted to make the film so badly when they talked about the what was going on with his home life. They probably could have delved deeper, and I didn't like the weird fade-outs, but I was so taken in by the story and the people that none of it mattered to me.
I'd definitely recommend another watch of The Witch, as I too found it a bit cold on a first watch in the theatre, but really fell in love with it on a second watch at home.
And thank-you for reminding me about Regeneration! Def gotta watch that one again.
Predator Minute Podcast September 23, 2016 at 8:11 PM
Zootopia is on Netflix. I just watched it this week and loved it. I'm a big fan of the buddy cop and mystery genres, and the movie delivers on both really well.
Couldn't agree more. Threw it on for the kiddos and didn't expect much, but really enjoyed it
J.M. Vargas September 29, 2016 at 6:45 AM
Unless something comes up that tops it over the next three months, "Zootopia" is on track to be my favorite movie of 2016. We're talking Pixar-caliber Disney CG goodness here, an all-quadrant flick that appeals to kiddies and grown-ups alike.
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B.J. Williams
Email B.J. Williams
District 4 Map
District 4 Council Member B.J. Williams was sworn in Nov. 17, 2020. B.J. was previously elected and served in this public service position from May 2012 through May 2018.
He and his family have lived in Garland since 1971. B.J. is a native of Bossier City, Louisiana. He is the proud father of one daughter, a local health professional (pharmacist). He grew up in an “across the tracks” neighborhood known as the “Village of Tuxedo Junction,” where indoor plumbing and running water were not made available to residents and installed in homes by the City until his junior year in high school.
Personal Note: I shall always be grateful and eternally indebted to my grandfather who was my “Hero, Master Teacher, Nurturer and Chief Motivator,” for his unshakeable faith and perseverance in leading by example. He led the charge in teaching and modeling to our “Village” how to advocate, agitate, participate, educate and negotiate with those in government for the greater good. As an ordained minister and longtime pastor, he put it all on the line providing courageous leadership in challenging the status quo and overcoming systemic targeted neglect in City services. He worked untiringly to uplift the quality of life for the community in which he was blessed to serve. I stand on his shoulders!
Upon graduating from Bossier Parish Public Schools, he continued his formal education by attending Wiley College in Marshall, Texas (B.S. Degree), Amberton University-Garland, Texas (M.S. Degree), and National League of Cities (NLC) University (Silver/Gold Certificate).
B.J. retired from the Social Security Administration in 2007 after 37 years of service. His career included a variety of positions, including Human Resources Manager.
COMMUNITY/PUBLIC SERVICE
Mt. Pisgah Missionary Baptist Church (Richardson, Texas)
Life Member: Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc.
Garland City Council District 4 (2012-2018)
Plan Commission, City of Garland (2002-2008)
President, NAACP Garland Unit (1996-2010)
Transportation Infrastructure Policy Committee, Texas Municipal League (TML) (2013-2014)
Transportation and Infrastructure Services Committee, National League of Cities (NLC)-(2014-2018)
KEEP GARLAND STRONG
As a public servant, B.J. remains committed to growing Garland as we work together to strengthen our pillars for progress: public health, public safety, economic development, fiscal soundness, social justice, neighborhood vitality and protecting home rule. Thank you, Garland (District 4), for another opportunity to serve you.
City Council Committees
Administrative Services Committee
Development Services Committee
Transportation / Street Committee
Other Government Resources
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AliHama
Reporter detained yet perpetrators behind arson on NRT remain at large, MP says
26 Maggio 2017 BreakingNews @en di
NRT reporter Aram Bakhtyar has been detained by Kurdish authorities yet the perpetrators behind an arson attack on NRT in 2011 still remain at large, Kurdish parliamentarian Ali Hama Salih said. “Journalists murderers, those who set NRT on fire, Baath regime supporters, Anfal campaigners, those who made people hungry and stole their wealth are not brought to justice or detained, rather they stand against people’s voting and disrupt their conscience”, Salih said in a post on his official Facebook account. “What is being done today towards you [NRT] serves the ugly system of governance in Kurdistan”, Kurdish lawmaker Salih said. Bakhtyar was detained by police in Kifri on Monday (May 22), after the Judicial Council filed a lawsuit against the NRT reporter in Kifri on May 3 following a report on a man who was sentenced to 11 years in prison. Bakhtyar was told that he was being detained on the charge of “defamation” and through a lawsuit from the president of Kirkuk-Garmyan appellate court, Akram Faraj. The report documented how a man was taken into custody in 2016 after confessing to the crime of stealing 14 times in a number of shops in Kifri and who blamed his lack of income due to the government’s austerity measures. Following the detention of the NRT employee, the court issued an arrest warrant for the channel’s director regarding the same report on the court case.
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#PresidentelectTrump
Trump would accept, on Jinping request, to continue with the “one China” policy, inaugurated by President Nixon in the ’70s
The White House says that the telephone conversation between President Trump and his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping was very friendly, according to official statements Trump would accept, on Jinping request, to continue with the “one China” policy, inaugurated by President Nixon in the ’70s. The tension between the US and China had become stronger when Trump had admitted that the “one China” policy was a limit to the United States in relations with Beijing, after “clashed” several times the two leaders have given themselves appointment for an official meeting, not yet scheduled.
Trump prohibit access in the country to certain categories of people to protect national security but the measure could be in conflict with the 1st amendment
The Court of Appeals of San Francisco confirmed the block at the Travel Ban signed on January 27th by President Trump, according to the Court, the President is empowered to prohibit access in the country to certain categories of people to protect national security but the measure of Trump could be in conflict with the 1st amendment and therefore the President should have consulted the Supreme Court on the matter. Trump’s reaction was not long in coming through Twitter has promised that the legal battle is not over yet and it was decided to have recourse to the Supreme Court, many legal experts agree with the position taken by the Court of Appeal and make note that a possible ruling of the Supreme Court could be a danger to the President sight the equal composition that is to say 4 Liberals and four Conservatives.
Trump has set the war against Islamic State militants as a top priority
10 Febbraio 2017 Americas/BreakingNews @en/Middle East - Africa di
Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi will receive a phone call from United States President Donald Trump on Thursday evening as per a request from the latter. This would be the first phone call Trump makes with Abadi since he assumed U.S. presidency on January 20th. Alsumaria News quoted “an informed political source” a saying that the call will tackle political and security developments in Iraq and the Middle East, but did not mention specifics, like the muslism ban. Trump has set the war against Islamic State militants as a top priority for his administration and during a precedent call on 18th january Trump pledged support for Iraq and invited the Iraqi premier to visit the United States.
Significant decrease in demand for air flights to the USA from the time when Donald Trump took office
The App Hopper, who predicts the price of air travel, from the time when Donald Trump took office there was a significant decrease in demand for air flights to the USA, hopper is present in 122 countries and in 94 of these the demand decreased, the total reduction estimated is around 17%, in the case of Colombia was 2%. Curiously, however, while worldwide decreases the demand for air links with the U.S. in a country such requests increased quite a bit, it is Russia, in fact, according to data provided there was an increase in demand equal to 88%.
President Putin hopes to meet President-elect Trump soon in Washington
24 Dicembre 2016 BreakingNews @en di
Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke to the press in the usual year-end speech, he responded to questions on various topics, spoke highly of the U.S.-Russia relationship, not good during the eight years of the Obama presidency. Putin praised the decisions of President-elect Donald Trump, with which it hopes to meet soon in Washington, has harshly criticized both President Obama and Hillary Clinton, in particular has once again rejected accusations of interference in the elections of November, accusing the leaders of the Democratic Party of lying to voters.
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L’Oréal Pakistan launches the 2015 Edition of its signature Business Competition: Brandstorm
After the success of L’Oréal Brandstorm 2014, where Team Pakistan secured second position among 44 countries at the International Finals in Paris, L’Oréal Pakistan proudly announces the launch of its second edition of Brandstorm. Indeed, Brandstorm is L’Oréal’s renowned business and innovation competition, which has attracted over 70,000 participants globally in its 23 years of existence.
From today, undergraduates from L’Oréal’s Partner Campuses, Institute of Business Administration and Lahore University of Management Sciences, can register their teams of three students for the competition. The unique business competition challenges students to put themselves in the shoes of a L’Oréal International Marketing Director for a six-month long marketing journey where they work on real life challenges and are coached by top L’Oréal executives.
Speaking about Brandstorm 2015, L’Oréal HR Director Khwaja Munir Kamil said, “Brandstorm is not just a recruitment tool, but a journey to the exciting L’Oréal adventure and our commitment to provide a platform for young talent to showcase their unique qualities. It gives an opportunity to all the Brandstormers to dive into the universe of beauty, push their limits, innovate and discover their full potential. I’m extremely proud to share that Team Pakistan 2014 exhibited all the above and reached the International Finals; securing second position among 44 other countries.”
For the 2015 edition, Brandstorm will partner with L’Oréal’s Travel Retail Division for the first time and invite students from around the world to develop a new retail experience for the Lancôme brand. In the competition, undergraduate students will analyze current market trends and performance and consider retail design, animation and education in order to propose innovative services and attract new customers to the brand in the travel distribution channel (airports, airlines, ferries, cruises, downtown duty-free shops, etc.).
The Brandstorm business competition allows students to turn theory into practice and aims to enhance students’ creativity, analytical skills and perception of the L’Oréal business. Brandstorm, which is part of L’Oréal’s Human Resources communication strategy, is an important recruitment tool for L’Oréal that gives the group the opportunity to get an on-the-job evaluation of participants, identifying the best talents in marketing from around the world. More than 13,000 students from 360 universities in 44 different countries participated in the 2014 edition of Brandstorm. Each year, L’Oréal recruits between 150 to 200 students via this unique initiative.
About L’Oréal
L’Oréal has devoted itself to beauty for over 105 years. With its unique portfolio of 28 international, diverse and complementary brands, the Group generated sales amounting to 23 billion euros in 2013 and employs 77,500 people worldwide. As the world’s leading beauty company, L’Oréal is present across all distribution networks: mass market, department stores, pharmacies and drugstores, travel retail and branded retail. Research and innovation, and a dedicated research team of 4,000 people, are at the core of L’Oréal’s strategy, working to meet beauty aspirations all over the world and attract one billion new consumers in the years to come. L’Oréal’s new sustainability commitment for 2020 “Sharing beauty with all” sets out ambitious sustainable development objectives across the Group’s value chain.
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Diaz v. Grill Concepts: Ignorance Is (No Longer) Bliss
In May of 2018, a California appellate court handed down an important decision clarifying employers’ liability for waiting time penalties. In Diaz v. Grill Concepts Services, Inc., No. B280846 (2d District, May 24, 2018) (slip op. available here), the Second Appellate District affirmed a judgment in favor of a certified class of employees, finding that an employer’s failure to investigate a suspected increase in the locally mandated “living wage” rendered its failure to pay that wage willful. Invoking the maxim that “ignorance of the law is no excuse,” Diaz found that an employer’s failure to investigate a change in the local wage scale constituted a “willful” failure to pay, exposing it to waiting time penalties under the California Labor Code. Id. at 10. Diaz also held that courts do not have discretion to relieve the employer from such penalties on equitable grounds. Id. at 18-21.
The California Labor Code “waiting time” provision requires that an employer that fails to pay a former employee any required wages is liable for wage underpayment. If the failure to pay was “willful,” the Labor Code imposes on the employer an additional penalty equal to up to 30 days’ of the employee’s wages. See Cal. Lab. Code §§ 203(a), 1194(a). The “waiting time” penalty punishes employers for forcing the employee to wait for his or her final paycheck. Prior to Diaz, an employer could be assessed waiting time penalties if it was aware it was underpaying wages and intended to do so, satisfying the “willful” requirement of California Labor Code section 203. See Kao v. Holiday, 12 Cal. App. 5th 947, 963 (2017); Barnhill v. Robert Saunders & Co., 125 Cal. App. 3d 1, 7 (1981); Cal. Lab. Code § 203(a). This meant that employers could avoid penalties if the failure to pay was a result of uncertainty in the law or a mistaken belief, under good faith, that the wages were not owed. See Amaral v. Cintas Corp. No. 2, 163 Cal. App. 4th 1157, 1202 (2008); Road Sprinkler Fitters Local Union No. 669 v. G & G Fire Sprinklers, Inc., 102 Cal. App. 4th 765, 782 (2002).
Diaz, in a ruling consistent with the California state legislature’s longstanding tradition of promoting the health and welfare of its employees, replaced the “knowing and intentional” standard with a negligence standard, finding that Grill Concepts Services was subject to the payment of waiting time penalties merely because its compliance efforts fell short of what a reasonable employer should have done. See slip op. at 10 (imposing upon employers a “duty of inquiry” into relevant legislation to ensure that their wage payment policies and practices are compliant with California law). Diaz also found that the language of section 203 (“the wages of the employee shall continue as a penalty’ for up to 30 days”) precludes trial courts from exercising discretion to waive or reduce waiting time penalties properly owed. Id. at 18 (emphasis in original).
In the wake of Diaz, employers can no longer operate in blissful ignorance of California’s wage payment laws, as they will be exposed to hefty waiting time penalties—with no opportunity for discretionary reduction—for the failure to timely pay wages properly owed.
Ari Basser, Associate
Categories: Caselaw Developments
« Nationwide Settlements Get a Reprieve as 9th Cir. En Banc Court Agrees to Rehear Hyundai
Garcia v. Border Transportation Group: CA Appeals Court Reaffirms Dynamex Req. that Employers Prove Independent Contractors Actually Have Existing Independent Business Operations »
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Top prosecutor brings his disciplinary case to Constitutional Court
By Yonhap
Published : Dec 4, 2020 - 16:40 Updated : Dec 4, 2020 - 16:40
These undated file photos show Justice Minister Choo Mi-ae (L) and Prosecutor General Yoon Seok-youl. (Yonhap)
South Korea's top prosecutor filed a complaint on Friday with the Constitutional Court, taking issue with the "unfairness" of the prosecutor disciplinary act under which the justice minister seeks to punish him.
Lee Wan-kyu, the lawyer for Prosecutor General Yoon Seok-youl, told reporters that some provisions of the act were "against the Constitution" as they seriously harm the fairness of the operation of a disciplinary committee.
Under the act, the disciplinary committee against prosecutors is made up of seven field experts, including the justice minister and vice minister. The justice minister has the authority to appoint five panel members -- two prosecutors and three outside experts.
In Yoon's case, the justice minister is the one who has sought to discipline him in the first place, but she also gets to pick most of the committee members. "Fairness cannot be guaranteed at all" in such circumstances, Lee said.
Yoon has also filed an injunction to put off his disciplinary meeting, scheduled for Thursday, until the Constitutional Court metes out a verdict on the case.
The prosecution chief has been going at full force to strike back at Justice Minister Choo Mi-ae. The two have been at odds over a series of politically sensitive cases and prosecution reform.
As the culmination of yearlong tension between the two, the minister suspended Yoon from duty earlier last week and said she would discipline him over six counts of alleged misdeeds, including collecting personal data of justices in charge of politically sensitive cases.
But Yoon has been restored to his position after a court on Tuesday accepted his injunction request on the ground that suspending Yoon from duty was tantamount to dismissing him, which damaged the prosecution's core principles of neutrality and independence.
On the same day, the ministry's inspection committee also took Yoon's side by advising against the suspension during a three-hour meeting, citing "procedural flaws." (Yonhap)
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James, the Giant Peach and the Norwegian Sailor’s Church
Norwegian Chuch as it was
In Cardiff Bay, not far from the Millennium Centre is what you might consider an oddity, a church. What’s so strange about that you might say, Wales is full of churches and chapels. The difference is that this is a Norwegian church which tells a story about Cardiff that many people don’t know. And today, Norway’s national day, it re-opens after seven months spent on refurbishment.
The church, founded by Oslo based Herman Lunde was opened only in 1868 between the old east and west docks and was for the religious and social care of Norwegian sailors. That the church was extended quite a few times in order house all its work shows just how well used it must have been by the sailors. And how many Norwegian sailors there must have been. At the height of its use it was welcoming 73,000 Norwegian sailors to Cardiff each year. They had arrived on hundreds of vessels to transport coal back to Norway and other countries. By now the church had become a seamen’s mission where sailors could read and catch on the news from back home, revel in the own culture and chat away the hours with other seafarers.
Today, the church is in Cardiff Bay. Why? As coal shipments from Cardiff declined so did the visits by Norwegian ships. Gradually the church fell into disuse and suffered at the hands of vandals. As the Bay was redeveloped, the church was dismantled and, luckily, stored. Money was raised in both in Wales and Norway and the church was re-erected on its present site. It re-opened in 1992 and since 2006, is managed by the Cardiff Harbour Authority. Having undergone another bout of refurbishment it is now open again for visitors. As a survivor, it is now the oldest surviving church in the UK to be founded by the Norwegian Seamen’s Mission.
In its time the church was known throughout the world as a meeting place for sailors. Today it provides a legacy of a time when coal was vital to Cardiff’s development. But most people associate coal with Wales, if not Cardiff. What is less well known is how big a meeting place it turned out to be for different nations. And the Norwegians were one of the largest groups of latterday “invaders”. One of those invaders was the father of Roald Dahl. The family regularly worshipped at the church and Roald was the first president of the trust that was set up to preserve it. Without the church maybe no Welshman called Roald Dahl. And no Chocolate Factory for Charley, giant peach for James or Big Friendly Giant for children of all ages to enjoy.
Time to end APD?
St David’s Day
Dydd Gŵyl Dewi Hapus!
Five things you need to know about St David’s Day
Tomorrow is St David’s Day
Tags: Cardiff, Cardiff Bay, Norwegian Church Cardiff, Wales
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Tripartite Agreement University
Delhi University officials did not give a clear position on their position on the proposed memorandum. † An official meeting is scheduled in the coming days. The issue of the agreement remains crucial, as it concerns not only the « autonomous » position of higher education institutions, but also students, who could be the only real victim. Thus, in each of the three universities, students have the opportunity to study in one or even the two partner institutions (a student at UPPA could take one semester at the University of the Basque Country and one semester at the University of La Plata). This exchange program is open to students who have already obtained a bachelor`s degree for two years and who have a minimum level of B2 in Spanish (for UPPA students). Each year, four students from each university can benefit from this privileged partnership. The University of South Carolina was founded in 1801 and is a state university. It has 14 schools and colleges, offers 350 curricula, and its international business programs have ranked in the top three programs in the nation for more than a decade. Recently, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (« University ») entered into a tripartite student exchange agreement with the University of South Carolina (« USC ») and the University of Auckland (« UAO »). The corresponding signature is obtained on behalf of the university and your form is returned to you or the intermediation service provider. The normal processing time for a standard agreement is 10 working days.
The tripartite agreement can be described as a prefabricated agreement, an intention to work, or a « pre-contract » for the future employment contract between the graduate and the employer. After the graduate has reported to the employer, the graduate and the employer enter into an employment contract in accordance with the provisions of the tripartite contract and the relevant laws and regulations. The three-year contract automatically ceases after the graduate reports to the employer and the parties establish an employment relationship. CUHK (SZ) Professor Huge Thomas, Professor Kendall Roth and UOA Professor Susan Laurenson concluded the agreement after three years of negotiations. N.b. The university cannot sign agreements for people who have completed their studies and organise an internship in a personal capacity. Under the agreement, each party will send 10 students to participate in the project and will form a class of 30 with students from two other universities. They will study at each university for a university semester and return to their home university for their fourth year of study. Students participating in the project pay only tuition fees at their own university and graduate from their own university. CUHK (SZ) SME students expected to be admitted in 2017 will benefit from the project. Such an agreement usually creates a link between three parties and agrees to agree on a particular program.
From a broader perspective like any « Memorandum of Understanding » of this agreement, the limited number of players binds to a law of the agreement under the Companies Act of 1956.
Yukon Hospital Corporation Collective Agreement
COVID-19 appears to have reduced routine procedures to prioritize high-risk patients and reduce the spread of the virus in hospitals. Outpatient care is severely disrupted. Health care professionals are now
World Trade Agreements Related With Food Business
« The sad thing is that it`s 98% finished, » Andrew Robb, Australia`s trade minister, told the Wall Street Journal. Another potential point of interest for a U.S. agreement on organic equivalency
With Collective Bargaining Agreement
All of the agreements mentioned above provide for this. B conditions and redundancies for employment contracts, working time, minimum wage, leave pay and sick pay, etc. As has already been
L’abus d’alcool est dangeraux pour la santé, à consommer avec modération
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Call to Resist Legal Aid Austerity
Statement in solidarity with Wet’suwet’en land defenders and their allies across Turtle Island
24 Feb 2020 • Categories: Uncategorized •
The Law Union of Ontario (LUO) – Ontario’s coalition of progressive lawyers, law students, and legal workers – stands in solidarity with land defenders from the Wet’suwet’en nation and their Indigenous and settler allies across Turtle Island. The governments of Canada and British Columbia have failed to respect the national sovereignty and interests of the Wet’suwet’en nation and its peoples’ right to free, prior and informed consent regarding pipeline construction across their territories. In so doing, these governments have ignored and obfuscated critical legal principles pronounced by the Supreme Court of Canada in Delgamuukw v. British Columbia and Tsilhqot’in Nation v. British Columbia, and further failed to comply with their obligations under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP).
We stand with the many defenders and protectors of ancestral lands, water, and spiritual, historic, and cultural resources at the Unist’ot’en camp and healing centre and the Gitdumt’en camp along the proposed energy corridor. In January 2019, Royal Canadian Mounted Police brutally and violently assaulted the camps and arrested 14 land defenders. Recently, the RCMP has again invaded and violently removed and arrested land protectors. In fact, Wet’suwet’en matriarchs were holding ceremony for missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls when the RCMP moved in and attacked them. This type of action flies in the face of the calls to justice published after the culmination of national inquiry into MMIW that included recommendations to safeguard and facilitate access to culture and healing. Further, the link between resource extraction and violence against vulnerable community members such as women, girls, trans and two spirit people is well known. When man camps encroach on Indigenous territories they destroy the eco systems and the rates of violence against the local population escalates.
The Wet’suwet’en peoples are leading the fight for the future health of the land and all that occupy it and for future generations, as well as the broader fight around the full meanings of Indigenous sovereignty. The LUO highlights the Wet’suwet’en Hereditary Chief Na’Moks’ statement in response to the proposed pipeline: “This proposed project endangers our promises to our grandchildren that we would look after our land, our culture, our people for them. We cannot break this promise to our grandchildren.”
The Wet’suwet’en Hereditary Chiefs have tried to seek title under the colonial legal system when they were plaintiffs in the Delgamuukw case at the Supreme Court of Canada. After 13 years of court battles the Supreme Court of Canada directed the Canadian government that it had a moral obligation to embark upon good faith negotiations with them. It is not surprising that the Wet’suwet’en leaders seek to have Indigenous law respected since Canadian law has failed them.
The LUO also highlights that in December 2019, the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination issued Early Warning and Urgent Action declarations to Canada regarding its approval of the Transmountain and Coastal GasLink pipelines and its refusal to consider the Wet’suwet’en right to free, prior, and informed consent as to any measure that may cause irreparable harm to their rights, culture, lands, territories, and way of life. The UN committee called upon Canada to immediately cease construction of the Trans Mountain pipeline and the Coastal GasLink pipeline and cancel all permits until free, prior, and informed consent is obtained. It urged Canada to freeze all present and future approval of large-scale development projects affecting indigenous peoples that do not enjoy free, prior, and informed consent from all indigenous peoples affected. It further recommended that Canada incorporate free, prior, and informed consent of indigenous peoples in its domestic legislation to bring it in compliance with its international human rights obligations and jurisprudence.
The LUO calls on Canada and British Columbia to respect the sovereign territory, rights, and laws of the Wet’suwet’en nation and of all First Nations. We further call upon governments to follow the direction of the Supreme Court of Canada and their obligations under the UNDRIP, the immediate and permanent halt of construction of any pipelines or other invasions of Indigenous lands without free, prior, and informed consent, and to work in good faith to bring all affected parties to the table and seek a negotiated solution.
The Law Union of Ontario
April 21, 2014 Law Union of Ontario Statement on Bill C-10 The Law Union of Ontario strongly opposes the proposed new legislation known as the “Tackling Contraband Tobacco Act”, or Bill C-10. This new bill would amend the Criminal Code to […]
October 18, 2006 Save the Court Challenges Program! The federal government announced on Sept. 25, 2006 that it was abolishing the Court Challenges Program, a small program that provided modest contributions to the cost of important test […]
October 12, 2014 #notmyCBA: LUO calls on members to resign from CBA over #CBAchevron The Steering Committee of the Law Union of Ontario is urging all of its members to resign from the Canadian Bar Association (CBA) as a result of the CBA's intervention in Chevron […]
8 Jun Call to Action Against White Supremacy and Police Violence
24 Feb Statement in solidarity with Wet’suwet’en land defenders and their allies across Turtle Island
1 Nov Re-imagining Legal Aid and LUO 2019 AGM
7 Nov Resisting Ford: Legal Strategies and Beyond
22 Oct 2017 Annual General Meeting
Follow the LUO
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VIEW EXHIBITIONS
Teacher Introduction Teacher's Guide Create Online Exhibition
Student Introduction My Artifacts Choose an Artifact How to Photograph Artifacts Links & Resources
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WELCOME TO LIVING MUSEUM
Find Your Place In Jewish History!
Learn how an artifact can tell a story and connect the past, present, and future. Understand how your family's history fits into the broad stream of Jewish experience. Learn how with the Living Museum!
The Living Museum helps middle school students in Jewish day and supplementary schools form a personal connection to modern Jewish history by showing how their lives, and that of their families, fit into the modern Jewish experience. With the help of his or her family, each student selects an artifact or heirloom that reflects an important part of his or her family history.
Objects and documents serve as catalysts to investigate the past. By learning how to read and interpret them, students begin to appreciate their objects as symbolic representations of their personal histories and the larger communal history. By recording stories of grandparents and other older relatives, students play an active role in the transmission of history across the generations, ensuring that historical memories become part of their daily lives.
As a part of the Living Museum project, each student brings in an object that reflects his or her family and the results of his or her research to class. The students' artifacts and findings form the basis of a mini-museum in their school. The grand opening of their museum is a gala event, attended by family and members of the community who come to tour the galleries and learn more about the artifacts from the "curators," i.e., the students, who stand with their objects and explain them to their guests. In this way, the students are transformed from learners into teachers.
With the online Living Museum, teachers and students can share the results of their research with the world! Under the supervision of their teachers, students upload images of and descriptive information about their artifacts. Students see their artifacts together with those of other children around the country and, through their participation in the online Living Museum, see their place within the Jewish community, past, present, and future.
Edmond J. Safra Plaza • 36 Battery Place • New York, NY • 10280
Living Museum Info 1.646.437.4310 • Museum of Jewish Heritage -
A Living Memorial to the Holocaust Info 1.646.437.4200
Copyright © 2006 Museum of Jewish Heritage - A Living Memorial to the Holocaust. All Rights Reserved.
The Living Museum is a project of the Education Department of the Museum of Jewish Heritage - A Living Memorial to the Holocaust. The Living Museum is made possible through the generous support of The Covenant Foundation. The statements made and the views expressed, however, are solely the responsibility of the grantee.
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Crime in Sweden - real and fiction..
Swedish crime is on everyone's lips and it makes one wonder: is Sweden really as violent and crime infested as the books depict?
You have probably read “The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo”, and perhaps you wondered as you read it: What are the statistics of crime in Sweden?
If you haven't read the books, are unfamiliar with the wave of popularity of Swedish crime, see Hungry for Swedish Crime and, to get an idea of how strong the impact of some of the new characters is, see our video Lisbeth Salander: Trendsetter? on the unlikely Larsson heroine and her effect on the world. (You'll also find interviews with Camilla Läckberg and other crime writers among our videos)
Brottsförebyggande rådet or Brå (The Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention) recently revealed fresh statistics of crime in Sweden.
Of all Swedish municipalities, Vindeln in Västerbotten is the most peaceful, as they have the lowest crime rate in the country (229 crimes in total were committed in Vindeln last year).
Most crimes were, not surprisingly perhaps, committed in Stockholm. And in the Stockholm neighborhood Norrmalm, is also where you run the greatest risk of assault. In Ydre, Östergötland, the risk of being assaulted is the least in the country. Back to Vindeln, they have kept a low profile in crime statistics for years. Says Anders Isaksson at the police in Vindeln: “I know we’ve been good statistically, but why that is, we still don’t know. One reason could be that we have a great relationship with our youths. We try to catch them before they commit serious crimes.” Statistics from last year show that the risk of being the victim of a crime varies greatly between different municipalities and city neighborhoods. Most burglaries were committed in Oxie, in Malmö, followed by Rinkeby in Stockholm. The least burglaries were committed in Pajala. The least number of car crimes per inhabitants were in the neighborhood of Styrsö in Göteborg, followed by Ydre and Mörbylånga (on Öland), whereas the most car crimes were committed in Göteborg center. Norrmalm in Stockholm has the highest number of assault cases, followed by Göteborg center. Habo municipality in Västergötland, on the other hand, had the least number of assaults. Here’s the list of the most crime-infested areas in Sweden (the number of crimes reported per 100,000 inhabitants):
1. Stockholm
2. Sigtuna (north of Stockholm, where Arlanda Airport is located, which might explain things)
3. Malmö
4. Solna
5. Helsingborg
6. Södertälje
7. Upplands Väsby
8.Västerås
9. Eskilstuna
10. Göteborg.
“The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo”, by Stieg Larsson, was a wake-up call for many that crime does exist in Sweden, a country that for decades has been viewed as a rather peaceful place to be.
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Faculties & themes
Innovation & engagement
Coronavirus: Course registration is open, but please be aware it may take us longer to respond than usual. Find out about our coronavirus response and current contact hours.
Cassini crashes: it’s time for a new mission to explore the possibility of life on Saturn’s moons
NASA’s Cassini mission has made its “death plunge” into the swirling clouds of Saturn after 20 years of exploring the planet and its moons. It’s been amazingly successful, making headlines with groundbreaking discoveries throughout its journey. But today the headlines are more like obituary notices, looking back at the mission’s spectacular achievements.
Cassini discovered new moons around Saturn, found evidence for an ocean below the surface of the moon Enceladus and even managed to land a probe on the satellite Titan (the Huygens probe). It also observed unusual features in the rings of the planet and recorded an enormous, hurricane-like storm whirling around its north pole. Surely, we must now know everything about Saturn and its moons?
Fortunately, scientists are never satisfied, and the answer to one question usually leads to at least three new questions. The discoveries from Cassini and Huygens have resulted in a whole series of issues that require further investigation. Two of the main targets for future exploration are Titan and Enceladus.
Before Huygens parachuted down onto Titan’s surface in January 2005, all we knew about the moon was that it was cold (about 100K or -173.15°C) and had a thick atmosphere (mostly of nitrogen, but with traces of methane), which prevented us from seeing the surface. Huygens revealed networks of valleys and rivers cutting through hills to the shoreline of an inland sea. Subsequent observations by instruments on-board Cassini have given us a greatly expanded understanding of Titan’s landscape – with an entire gazetteer of named features, from mountains to plains and oceans to ponds.
We must now try to understand what they are, how they formed and how they change with the seasons. We need to learn about tides and ocean icebergs, to define a climate cycle and to determine the composition of the land masses – are they derived from basalt, the most common rock type in the solar system, or are they frozen ice and mud? Does Titan have a rocky core overlain directly by an icy mantle, or does it have an ocean below the surface? If so, is it made up of water?
This all matters because what we have learnt about Titan from Cassini and Huygens has confirmed that it has an active chemistry, based on methane and ammonia. We know that these substances, when irradiated by the sun, result in interesting mixes of chemicals that are precursors to amino acids and other biologically important molecules. The freezing temperature of Titan’s surface precludes anything being alive – but how far below the surface do you have to go before the environment becomes sufficiently balmy for a cryophile to be comfortable? Without a dedicated mission to Titan, we will not find out.
Cassini’s exploration of Titan was always one of the main goals of the mission, with a few larger moons also scheduled for observation. But early in the mission, it became clear that Enceladus should be a prime target too. Anomalies in data observed as the spacecraft flew past Enceladus were subsequently verified as resulting from a large plume of gas and dust venting from the surface close to the south pole.
This was further investigated by Cassini, flying past Enceladus at different altitudes – the closest of which was at 25km. The data it collected helped scientists resolve the plume into a series of vents through cracks in the surface. It became clear that, like Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, Enceladus was home to an ocean below the icy crust.
Scientists also managed to identify grains of dust, water-rich ice and gases including methane, ammonia and carbon dioxide – plus traces of other organic molecules – in the plume. This lead to to much speculation about the possibility of life in the ocean.
Like Titan, Enceladus is now recognised as one of the solar system’s most likely locations for extraterrestrial life. A recent report of hydrogen in Enceladus’ plume has given that recognition even greater prominence. That’s because hydrogen is expected to be released as a byproduct of reactions between water and rock. Scientists believe that ocean water on Enceladus collides with rock, becomes heated, reacts chemically and rises up in the ocean via “hydrothermal vents”. That happens in the Earth’s oceans, too. And here, the chemically charged water around these vents supports a rich ecology of microbes and other life forms.
A single mission?
Follow-up missions to Saturn, Titan and Enceladus have all been proposed to both the European Space Agency and NASA, but none has yet been accepted and taken forward to the planning stage.
There might be a case for combining a mission to Titan with a mission to Enceladus to investigate the opportunities for life close to Saturn. I am not sure what such a mission would look like. Certainly there should be a spacecraft orbiting Titan and Enceladus, to gather additional information prior to launching vessels to the surface of both moons. Would these vessels be “penetrators” so they could pierce the ice of Enceladus? Or should they be balloons to float down through the atmosphere of Titan? I don’t know, but a possible name for the mission could be EnTiRE – Enceladus and Titan Research and Exploration. You heard it here first…
Of course, one should not forget the “Lord of the Rings” itself. There are still many unknown aspects of the giant planet that would be worth going back to investigate, such as the composition and formation of its unusual rings. And what about that huge, hexagonal-shaped hurricane at the north pole? Is there something comparable at the south pole? How do such weather systems form – and, more to the point, given the current catastrophic hurricanes experienced recently on Earth, can we learn anything from Saturn about our own atmospheric disturbances?
Given the timescale for mission planning, alongside the time it takes to get to the Saturnian system, it will realistically be at least another 20 years before Cassini’s successor arrives. Until then, we will have to rely on the next generation of Earth-based telescopes to help us explore Saturn and its fascinating satellites.
Monica Grady, Professor of Planetary and Space Sciences, The Open University.
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Improving the trustworthiness of autonomous systems
Research which will improve the ability of autonomous systems to make decisions has received new funding.
New study to enhance the impact of technologies for hospice residents 13th January 2021
Researching the impact of COVID-19 on the future workplace 11th January 2021
Research to assess the impact of COVID-19 on Emergency Responders 11th January 2021
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the navigator is a 1924 comedy directed by and starring buster keaton. agents for the other small nation in the conflict decide to set the ship adrift that same night. betsy hears his cry for help and boards the ship to look for him, just before it is cut loose. while rollo dons a deep sea diving suit and submerges to patch the hole, the natives canoe out and take betsy captive. the natives return and try to board the ship. after the disappointing reception of sherlock jr., keaton and his production team’s morale was low and they were looking for a project that would be both exciting and successful.
keaton immediately began planning a film centered around the buford and had producer joseph schenck chart the boat for $25,000 with a crew and sail it to los angeles. of the 60 person film crew about half were real sailors hired to handle the ship. keaton found crisp difficult to collaborate with[5] and informed crisp that the shooting was over just as an excuse to get rid of him. to cope with the cold temperature of the lake, keaton and his cameraman drank bourbon. the delays caused the film to go over budget, which keaton and schenck fought over. that is to say it’s both commonplace and novel, with the latter sufficient to make the picture a laugh getter…” variety also noted the novelty of keaton’s deep-sea diving costume and settings and praised “an abundance of funny business” in some of the film’s underwater scenes. its theme of civilized man versus the machine (seen as making life difficult for modern man because we have become so dependent on it and it’s not always reliable), was never used more effectively in cinema.
the navigator: a medieval odyssey is a 1988 feature film, an men seeking relief from the black death, guided by a boy’s vision, dig a tunnel from 14th century england to 20th david freeman (joey cramer) is an ordinary boy destined, the navigator 1924 , the navigator 1924 , the navigator film, the navigator: a medieval odyssey, the navigator book. [u’ In Cumbria, England, in the year 1348, a village prepares for the dreadful onslaught of the Black Plague. Their only hope comes from an unlikely source — Griffin (Hamish McFarlane), a boy who envisions salvation by journeying on a quest into another world. With his brother (Bruce Lyons) and four companions, Griffin leads them into a time portal to the 20th century. Suddenly, they find themselves in New Zealand in 1988, facing challenges even more frightening than the world they know.\u2026\xa0More
rollo (buster keaton) decides to marry his sweetheart this fantasy stars hamish mcfarlane as a young 14th century boy with acute psychic powers. during the period of the amazon.com: the navigator: a medieval odyssey: bruce lyons, chris haywood, hamish mcfarlane, marshall, the navigator game, the navigator trailer, the navigator imdb, the navigator company
When you search for the the navigator, you may look for related areas such as the navigator (1924), the navigator film, the navigator: a medieval odyssey, the navigator book, the navigator game, the navigator trailer, the navigator imdb, the navigator company. who is the navigator? how does flight of the navigator end? is there a sequel to flight of the navigator? who wrote flight of the navigator?
Outline Management Guide
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Invasive Asian Carp Threaten the Great Lakes
by Cynthia Avila, Assistant Editor of La Prensa Libre de Simpson Street
Over the years, invasive species have made a home in the Mississippi River. But it seems that the Asian carp has yet again found its way into a Chicago waterway that is nine miles from Lake Michigan. It was caught below T.J. O’Brien Lock and Dam by a commercial fisherman working with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. This is not the first time an Asian carp has snuck through the three electrical barriers, which are located in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. In 2010, a bighead carp was caught in Lake Calumet.
The electric barrier system, which is run by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, was designed to prevent invasive species, such as the Asian Carp, from entering and reaching the Great Lakes. The silver carp, which is one of the four types of Asian carp, weighed around eight pounds and measured 28 inches long. The silver carp was sent to Southern Illinois University where biologists will determine its origin.
After the silver carp was found, a two-week highly concentrated search for other Asian carps was conducted. Beginning in the area that the silver carp was found, a series of electric stunning contraptions and nets were used to probe the area, including other Chicago Waterways and Lake Calumet Harbor.
Charlie Wooley, who is the Midwest deputy regional director for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service stated, “the discovery doesn’t mean Asian carp have become established in the rivers and canals between the barriers and the Great Lakes, or in the lake themselves. It’s more likely the carp was a loner that somehow made its way into the Chicago area.”
Scientists worry that if the Asian carp does find its way into the Chicago’s Waterway systems or Lake Michigan, it can potentially disrupt the aquatic food chain, compete with or eliminate native species, and ruin the district's $7 billion fishing industry. Their biggest concerns are bighead and silver carps because of their unquenchable appetite for plankton. Plankton is one of the most common, yet limited, food source for various aquatic animals and fish.
Although the state of Illinois has developed an instant-action plan to search for the Asian carps, many feel that the electric barriers are not enough to keep invasive species out. Members of Congress from various states surrounding the Great Lakes region have proposed barriers around the Chicago’s Waterways which will separate the lakes from the Mississippi complex. But these proposals were denied by Illinois lawmakers because it would disrupt shipping.
In February, The Army Corps was supposed to release a report on actions to strengthen defenses against invasive species at Brandon Road Lock and Dam in Joliet, Illinois, but the Trump administration has postponed these efforts.
Although one silver carp was found past the electric barriers, it is very unlikely that adult bighead and silver carp have yet made their way into the Great Lakes. Wooley says that with continual fishing, breeding populations will be kept under control. But, along with unsatisfied environmental groups, Michigan’s Governor, Rick Snyder, is accepting proposals that will help keep away the invasive fish that have overtaken the Mississippi river from entering the Great Lakes.
Scientist and engineers in the region are currently working on this dilemma, but the state feels that it would be beneficial to receive input from creative thinkers around the world. Proposals will be accepted until October 31, and one or more winners could win up to $700,000 in cash awards total.
[Sources: Associated Press; Chicago Tribune]
I think this is a very important story. – Ashley, Verona High School (2017-12-13 12:28)
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Authorities to Arcades: No Kids Under 18 Except on Holidays
The new rule, which will come into effect in January, is the Chinese government’s latest effort to curb gaming addiction among teens and young children.
China’s video game arcades will soon be off-limits to minors except on national holidays.
From January, public venues will not be allowed to offer gaming-related services to anyone under 18 except during government-approved holiday periods, according to a new guideline from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism published Wednesday. Aimed at regulating the country’s offline gaming industry, the new rule will also ban entertainment venues from offering gambling-related games including slot machines.
The initiative is supposed to “strengthen the management” of entertainment venues while “promoting the healthy development” of the domestic offline gaming industry, according to the ministry. The document claims that arcade games provide content that is “unsuitable for minors when used independently or for longer periods of time” and instructs companies to develop more games that “reflect the national spirit.”
Wednesday’s guideline is the latest addition to several regulations Chinese authorities have introduced this year to tame the perceived threat of internet and gaming addiction in children. But experts say the effectiveness of policies targeting public spaces ultimately depends on how strictly they are implementated and supervised.
“There have been regulations banning minors from entering internet cafés for a long time, but those regulations have not been strictly enforced,” Xiong Bingqi, vice president of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, a Beijing-based think tank, told Sixth Tone. “Children using the internet at home and playing games need more parental supervision and guidance.”
Amid concerns over gaming addiction, China’s media regulator earlier this month introduced curfews for minors. The new anti-addiction regulations bar children from playing between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m. while also limiting playtime to 1.5 hours on weekdays and 3 hours on weekends. Under the new rules, in-game purchases were also capped at 200 yuan ($29) per month for children aged 8 to 16.
Meanwhile, China’s internet regulator in October ordered over two dozen online platforms to introduce a “teenage anti-addiction mode” aimed at young users. The feature includes age restrictions, limits screen time for children and teens, and prohibits them from tipping livestreamers.
Editor: Bibek Bhandari.
(Header image: IC)
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The Snow Foundation
Mission and Focus
Supporting Philanthropy
Standard Grant Conditions
Canberra Vital Signs
Sydney Women’s Fund
Whilst the world grapples with the health and economic crisis and we are all faced with an unsettling and challenging future, we would still like to share some uplifting stories in our 2019 Annual Report. It showcases so much good work that occurs in communities, and the diversity of our partners across our areas of focus – health, social welfare and education and employment.
Our commitment and thanks go to the hardworking teams and remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island communities dedicated to the elimination of rheumatic heart disease and scabies. Our support for these communities is even more important with the current emphasis on community health and hygiene.
We are thrilled with the Good360 team who are leading the way in matching brand-new goods from businesses to communities in need, especially to those communities trying to recover from the bushfires. Our reach to the areas heavily impacted with drought and bushfires is expanding through our new five-year partnership with Foundation for Rural and Regional Renewal, focused on building a stronger more resilient community sector in the NSW south coast region.
Our support to the #RaisetheRate campaign led by the Australian Council of Social Services is ongoing, together with other philanthropists. Although temporary, it is encouraging to see the doubling of the Newstart Allowance for six-months as part of the government’s recent stimulus package, as a raise is needed now more than ever.
Our community engagement and support to effective philanthropy continued, hosting our bi-annual community lunch with our partners in Canberra, co-hosting The Funding Network, progressing the Canberra Vital Signs Conversations, and significantly increasing our support to the Sydney Women’s Fund to support their gender-lens place-based work. We also enjoyed supporting the work of Documentary Australia Foundation and seeing the documentaries The Final Quarter and In My Blood It Runs gain so much traction across the nation.
We want to reassure you that we will continue to support our partners and work together through this challenging time. We are also prepared to be flexible and responsive. Our organisation and others in the philanthropic community want to play a critical role in supporting individuals and communities.
We hope you enjoy taking a moment to read our 2019 Annual Report and other stories we post on Facebook.
We look forward to continuing the work of the Foundation on behalf of the Board.
Plaza Offices - West
Terminal Avenue
Canberra ACT 2609 Australia
enquiries@snowfoundation.org.au
The Snow Foundation acknowledges Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the first inhabitants of the nation and the traditional custodians of the lands where we live, learn and work.
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BBA Club
MCBA Club
MCBA Junior Club
House of Crests
Short History of Cagebirds
The first real cagebird tamed to live and breed in a cage , as a hobby rather than for utilitarian reason, was the familiar and much loved canary.
A sturdy finch from the Canary Island and the Azores, this was the first bird to become entirely conditioned to a cage life.
In 1478 the Canary Islands were conquered by the Spaniards and wild canaries were brought back to Spain in large numbers. The singing canary became very popular. Wealthy Spaniards paid high prices for these highly desirable ladies' pets. A lucrative trade developed and canaries were exported all over Europe. The Spaniards however, were very careful to sell only male birds thus retaining a monopoly for nearly a hundred years. But in the middle of the sixteenth century, as we know from Giovanni Pietro Olina's Uccelliera, published in Rome in 1622, all this came to an end. A Spanish vessel bound for Leghorn carrying a large number of canaries, was shipwrecked on the isle of Elba and many of the birds escaped. Finding living conditions ideal they bred and multiplied considerably. Before long they were discovered by the Italians who not only sold them but started breeding them in large quantities exporting them to all countries in central Europe and eventually to the rest of Europe including Russia and England.
For about four centuries, the canary, by virtue of its beauty and sweet musical song and peaceful nature, remained the, most popular cagebird until it was superseeded by the budgerigar which John Gould, an English naturalist, brought with him from Australia in 1840. The craze for the budgie spread across Europe. Moreover, since it bred well and freely, it gained popularity. That the budgie has much to its credit is very obvious because it is beautifully coloured, vivacious and friendly with a distinct, if not outstanding, ability to mimic the human voice.
A long time had to elapse before the widespread importation of exotic birds was possible. Until then, fanciers caught and tamed songbirds. They housed them in small cages. Since the upsurge of interest in tropical birds by aviculturists living in cooler climates, the three main areas of supply have been South East Asia, Equatorial Africa and parts of North South America. The development of highly nutritious dried food such as those designed for human babies greatly aided the chances of survival of these small and extremely delicate birds such as sunbirds, hummingbirds and flycatchers.
The practice of keeping a pet bird or two in a cage for its pleasure and company has developed, on one hand, into a serious science and, on the other, into a large well-organised international hobby.
Undoubtedly, the practice of showing birds has greatly united and promoted the cagebird movements. Shows draw people together, enabling them to compare their work, discuss new techniques and, as important as anything, provide healthy competition. A large cagebird show is the focal point and shopwindow of the entire hobby covering every aspect of the fancy.
Donated by the Birds Breeders Association Club visit BBA club website
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Dakar 2013: Knuiman the third…
November 8, 2012 By PC / PR
For the Dakar 2013, Henk Knuiman has recruited his brother Sten for the team he is setting up, ensuring the family tradition continues…
A dynasty seems to be in the making: the name of Knuiman has stood out for many a year in the standings for the Dakar, because a certain Henk was amongst the finishers of the 1982 edition. Since then, Henk Knuiman Jr has taken his bow on the rally, his skills and efficiency earning him the role of water carrier for Marc Coma in 2011, as well as enabling him to climb into the Top 10 on several occasions. This year, the bikers on the rally will be getting to know Sten. The rather impressive family history on the Dakar incite the younger Knuiman brother to be rather humble ahead of venturing out on his first attempt at the Dakar: “It’s my turn to try it out now and I’ve been preparing for it for as long as I can remember. I just want to finish: if Henk can do it, then so can I. That said, I’m not as good as him technically and I don’t have his experience in the dunes, so I’m not aiming for anything in the standings”. Aware of his limits, Sten also knows that he will not be on the receiving end of any brotherly love during the race. “Henk told me that he will help me right up to the starting line, but afterwards it will be every man for himself”.
Dakar 2013: Picking up momentum to jump further
Jordi Viladoms leaves Bordone-Ferrari
Laurent Fouquet is a big name in many disciplines of motor sports. Now, the time has come for him to hit the tracks of the Dakar,...
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Porsche celebrates 25 years of Boxster with the limited-edition Boxster 25 Years
We know it’s been a while since Porsche introduced the original Boxster, but it’s hard to believe that it's actually been 25 years. To celebrate 25 years of Boxster production, Porsche has unveiled a limited-edition anniversary model called the Boxster 25 Years.
Singer Vehicle Design shows us the All-Terrain Competition Study
Singer Vehicle Design has done it again! If you’re not familiar with the company, they basically take old air-cooled Porsche 911s and make them irresistible – both in terms of design and performance. But this time, they’ve taken inspiration from the Porsche 959 and SC/RC rally cars to create the All-Terrain Competition Study (ACS).
Toyota GR Yaris - standout car of the year!
The Toyota GR Yaris is probably the most surprising car of 2020, which is why it absolutely deserves to be the standout car of the year. Even before the pandemic, cars were heading towards a green, sensible, electrified-but-unexciting future. A future where performance cars that don’t cost the same as a house would be consigned to the pages of history, and for the longest time Toyota seemed to be at the forefront of this trend. But then it releases the GR Yaris – a homologation special that harks back to specials of the 1980s and 1990s, like the Celica GT-Four or Ford Escort RS Cosworth.
Ford Ranger Raptor on sale in Europe in mid-2019
Following its reveal earlier this year, Ford has announced that the new Ranger Raptor will go on-sale in Europe in the middle of 2019.
After the F-150 Raptor managed to get legendary status amongst fans of off-road vehicles and pickup trucks, Ford decided to give its Ranger pickup the same treatment as its bigger American-market sibling. Apart from being a lot smaller in size than the F-150 Raptor, the Ranger Raptor also gets a small, very European 2.0-litre bi-turbo diesel engine with 213hp and 500Nm of torque. However, both the F-150 Raptor and Ranger Raptor have a 10-speed automatic transmission.
BRABUS 600 Compact SUV revealed
BRABUS have done some work on the Mercedes-AMG GLC 63 S to produce the BRABUS 600 Compact SUV.
Standout car of the week: BMW M2 Competition
One of the most anticipated sports cars of the year finally broke cover this week, the BMW M2 Competition, and it comes complete with M3 and M4 power.
Top 10 standout cars at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show!
It's been a week since the doors for the Geneva Motor Show opened, and they still are until this Sunday. The big theme this year is eco-friendliness, but with a twist. The twist is fun! With cars like the Volvo Polestar 1 and Honda EV concept cars, it seems like manufacturers have finally realized that people want cars that are eco friendly, but also fun. There's plenty of other interesting non-EV and non-hybrid cars as well, but 10 have stood out more than others. Hope you approve of the list.
2018 Geneva Motor Show pics!
The 2018 Geneva Motor Show is upon us, and there's plenty of new metal to get excited about. Eco-friendliness, as usual, seems to be the popular theme -- with a seemingly endless list of new electric and hybrid cars. However, a lot of manufacturers have managed to make them exciting. It seems that the days of boring, uninspiring eco-friendly cars are going away. Outside of the world of electric cars and hybrids, there's plenty of exciting new performance cars, as well as a great number of interesting new everyday cars. The doors open to the public tomorrow, check out these pics to get a preview.
New Audi A6 revealed
The eighth-generation of the Audi A6 has arrived, complete with new styling and packed with plenty of technology for an improved, more efficient driving experience.
Quick test drive: Mercedes Benz E300 Avantgarde
The Mercedes Benz E-Class has always been the benchmark for premium brand midsize sedans, thanks to its reputation for comfort and prestige. As a result – at least in Switzerland – it seems to be the default choice for many chauffeuring services, embassies, and even UberBLACK drivers. But things aren’t easy for the E-Class; facing tough competition from the likes of Volvo, BMW, Audi and even Lexus. So the E-Class always has to be that bit more appealing if it is to remain on top, and having spent a few hours with a new E300, I find out what makes it stand out over the rest.
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Meteorology and Atmospheric Science Endowments and Awards
John C. Wyngaard Graduate Research Award
Giving to Meteorology
The purpose of this award shall be to honor and recognize outstanding research by a Penn State graduate student majoring in Meteorology and Atmospheric Science in the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences at Penn State, University Park. The endowment was established in the name of John C. Wyngaard, Professor Emeritus, in honor of his manifold contributions to the atmospheric sciences, and particularly his mentorship of students in atmospheric turbulence and boundary layer meteorology. John was involved in three national laboratories and served for two decades as a senior member of the faculty in Penn State's Department of Meteorology, where he opened new lines of inquiry, successfully addressed challenging problems in the field, and wisely counseled colleagues and students.The initial principal of this endowment was contributed by family, friends and colleagues, as well as John and Sandra Wyngaard
If you would like to contribute to the John C. Wyngaard Graduate Research Award, please contact:
E-mail: development@ems.psu.edu
Giving to EMS: http://www.ems.psu.edu/giving
Sue Powell, director of development and alumni relations, sjp1@psu.edu, phone: 814-863-4691
If you have specific questions or require assistance, please contact:
Sue Powell
Director of Development and Alumni Relations
sjp1@psu.edu
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Mass trial of repurposed MS drug that 'cuts number of Covid patients suffering serious illness by 80 per cent' begins at hospital in Hull
Just 13 per cent of patients given SNG001 fell ill enough to need intensive care
That was compared to 22 per cent of Covid patients who received a placebo
SNG001 uses naturally-occurring protein interferon beta which fights virusesA mass trial of a repurposed Multiple Sclerosis drug that researchers hope will hugely reduce the chances of coronavirus patients becoming seriously ill has begun at a hospital in Hull.
The first patient in the trial of a medicine known as SNG001 received the treatment at Hull Royal Infirmary on Tuesday.
Earlier trials produced promising results with just 13 per cent of patients given it going on to need intensive care treatment compared to 22 per cent who received a placebo.
Patients treated with the drug were also twice as likely to recover after two weeks than those who didn't, according to the research by Southampton University.
SNG001 uses a naturally-occurring protein called interferon beta which the body produces when it fights viral infections.Interferon beta is a treatment for multiple sclerosis and is normally given via an injection. But SNG001 is inhaled into the lungs using a nebuliser to trigger a stronger, more targeted anti-viral response.
Kaye Flitney was one of the 98 people enrolled in last year's clinical trial led by Southampton University
Scientists believe Covid-19 shuts down the immune system's ability to produce the protein in high doses, with the new treatment giving the lungs an essential 'top-up'.
The drug was developed by workers at Southampton University Hospital and is being produced by biotech company Synairgen.
Treating a patient could cost in the region of £2,000, which is seen as relatively cheap compared to alternatives.
At Hull Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Constantin, 34, was the first person to receive the treatment as part of this new trial, after she was admitted to the hospital with coronavirus on Monday, the BBC reported.
The last study into the treatment was published in the Lancet Respiratory Medicine journal in November and looked at 98 hospital patients with the virus between March and May, at the height of Britain's epidemic.
WHAT IS SNG001?
SNG001 uses a protein called interferon beta, which our bodies produce during a viral infection.
It is inhaled directly into the lungs using an inhaler, where it's thought to trigger a stronger, more targeted anti-viral response.
The drug was developed by Southampton-based pharmaceutical firm Synairgen and trialled by researchers from the city's university.
Interferon beta itself is not new, but the technique by which it is administered is.
The protein is given via an injection to patients with multiple sclerosis.
Studies trialling injectable interferon beta on Covid-19 have been fruitless.
SNG001 is inhaled into the lungs using a nebuliser.
The new studies is being carried out by Southampton University to see if giving it to Covid-19 sufferers before they're hospitalised helps.
If this proves to be the case, it opens the door for patients to be able to treat themselves at home with a special inhaler. They were split in half, with one group receiving the new treatment and the other group being given a placebo.
The trial was carried out on a double blind basis, meaning neither the researchers nor the 98 patients knew who was receiving SNG001.
In the placebo group, 11 (22 per cent) of 50 patients were moved to ICU or needed mechanical ventilation after a fortnight. Three eventually died.
Of those who were given SNG001, just six (13 per cent) of 48 patients developed severe disease and there were no fatalities.
Patients on the drug were also twice as likely to return to full health by the end of the two-week period.
A total of 21 (44 per cent) in the SNG001 group recovered in that time, compared to 11 (22 per cent) patients in the placebo group.
Lead author Professor Tom Wilkinson, professor of respiratory medicine at the University of Southampton, said: 'The results confirm our belief that interferon beta, a widely-known drug approved for use in its injectable form for other indications, may have the potential as an inhaled drug to restore the lung's immune response and accelerate recovery from Covid-19.
'Inhaled interferon beta-1a provides high, local concentrations of the immune protein, which boosts lung defences rather than targeting specific viral mechanisms.
'This might carry additional advantages of treating Covid-19 infection when it occurs alongside infection by another respiratory virus, such as influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) that may well be encountered in the winter months.'
The authors have admitted that, while promising, their study had several limitations - most notably its small sample size.
There were also differences between the two groups at recruitment - patients in the SNG001 group had more severe disease at baseline and more patients had high blood pressure.
Whereas in the placebo group, there were a greater number of patients with diabetes and heart disease.
Diabetes and heart disease are two conditions which can make Covid-19 deadlier, which may have skewed the results of the trial.
Dr Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, an expert in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases at Imperial College Londo, said larger trials should be able to address these limitations.
Reacting to the study, he said: 'The number of patients enrolled in this pilot clinical trial is of course small.
'In addition, this study neither showed any impact of the evaluated treatment on time to discharge nor on mortality, although the study was obviously not powered to respond to the latter question.
'Larger randomised clinical trials are therefore needed to confirm these results.'
He also added that the safety of inhaling interferon beta-1a using a nebuliser 'will be of special interest since nebulisation of interferon has no marketing authorisation for any indication yet'.
irish 15 January 2021 at 04:10
sounds as if this flu virus is being used as cover to experiment with other drugs.
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Behind Every Good President is a Good Mother
At least I hope that's true...I mention this because Mother's Day has come and gone, and I was so busy enjoying it that I haven't taken a moment to write about it. During our church service, Abraham Lincoln was mentioned as a President who knew that it was his mother's prayers that stayed with him during the difficult years of his Presidency and after.
Long ago, on another blog that I kept that is no longer online, a friend named Bea Kunz wrote the following about Abraham Lincoln...I thought I'd share it here, it may seem out of place...but it's not...it's written by a working grandmother who loves history, her links can be found at the end of her writing.
I just thought this needed to be looked at and thought about today. Abraham Lincoln warned the South in his Inaugural Address: "In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you.... You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it."
Lincoln thought secession illegal, and was willing to use force to defend Federal law and the Union. When Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter and forced its surrender, he called on the states for 75,000 volunteers. Four more slave states joined the Confederacy but four remained within the Union. The Civil War had begun.
The son of a Kentucky frontiersman, Lincoln had to struggle for a living and for learning. Five months before receiving his party's nomination for President, he sketched his life:
"I was born Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. My parents were both born in Virginia, of undistinguished families--second families, perhaps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks.... My father ... removed from Kentucky to ... Indiana, in my eighth year.... It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up.... Of course when I came of age I did not know much. Still somehow, I could read, write, and cipher ... but that was all."
Lincoln made extraordinary efforts to attain knowledge while working on a farm, splitting rails for fences, and keeping store at New Salem, Illinois. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War, spent eight years in the Illinois legislature, and rode the circuit of courts for many years. His law partner said of him, "His ambition was a little engine that knew no rest."
He married Mary Todd, and they had four boys, only one of whom lived to maturity. In 1858 Lincoln ran against Stephen A. Douglas for Senator. He lost the election, but in debating with Douglas he gained a national reputation that won him the Republican nomination for President in 1860.
As President, he built the Republican Party into a strong national organization. Further, he rallied most of the northern Democrats to the Union cause. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy.
Lincoln never let the world forget that the Civil War involved an even larger issue. This he stated most movingly in dedicating the military cemetery at Gettysburg: "that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
Lincoln won re-election in 1864, as Union military triumphs heralded an end to the war. In his planning for peace, the President was flexible and generous, encouraging Southerners to lay down their arms and join speedily in reunion.
The spirit that guided him was clearly that of his Second Inaugural Address, now inscribed on one wall of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D. C.: "With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds.... "
On Good Friday, April 14, 1865, Lincoln was assassinated at Ford's Theater in Washington by John Wilkes Booth, an actor, who somehow thought he was helping the South. The opposite was the result, for with Lincoln's death, the possibility of peace with magnanimity died.
Sixteenth President 1861-1865
Born: February 12, 1809, in Hodgenville, Hardin County, Kentucky
Died: April 15, 1865. Lincoln died the morning after being shot at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. by John Wilkes Booth, an actor.
Are we there yet? What do you think?
Do share.
Bea Kunz
http://www.sagehillfarmsandvintagestore.com
[Taken in part from the whitehouse.gov history site]
Posted by Claudia Meydrech at 12:13 AM
Categories Abraham Lincoln, by Bea Kunz
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Denison University is a private liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio. One of the earliest colleges established in the former Northwest Territory, Denison University was founded in 1831. The college was first called the Granville Literary and Theological Institution, later took the name Granville College, and, in the mid-1850s, was renamed Denison University, in honor of a key benefactor. The college was founded by Baptists who settled in the area. While the college's early curriculum was rooted in theological education, it also provided a broad education in literature and science.[3] Female students attended the Granville Female Seminary beginning in 1832 followed by the Young Ladies’ Institute in 1859, later renamed Shepardson College for Women in 1886. Shepardson College was incorporated as part of Denison in 1900.[4]
Private liberal arts college
$836.4 million (2018)[1]
Adam S. Weinberg
Kimberly Coplin
2,300[2]
40.0722°N 82.5225°W / 40.0722; -82.5225
930 acres (3.8 km2) including a 360-acre (1.5 km2) biological reserve[2]
NCAA Division III – NCAC
Five Colleges of Ohio
Great Lakes Colleges Association
Annapolis Group
Oberlin Group
Consortium of Liberal Arts Colleges
24 varsity teams
www.denison.edu
Denison is an undergraduate, residential four-year institution; the college enrolled 2300 students in Fall 2019. Students choose from 53 academic majors including the country’s first data analytics program rooted in the liberal arts.[5] The college offers three degrees: Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, and Bachelor of Fine Arts.[6]
The college's intercollegiate athletic teams compete in the North Coast Athletic Conference, fielding 24 varsity teams in the NCAA Division III. Historically, the college has a strong rivalry with Kenyon College Swim & Dive and Ohio Wesleyan in many varsity sports. Denison is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio[7] and the Great Lakes Colleges Association[8].
On December 13, 1831, John Pratt, the college's first president and a graduate of Brown University, inaugurated classes at the Granville Literary and Theological Institution.[9] Situated on a 200-acre farm south of the village of Granville; it was the second Baptist college west of the Allegheny mountains after Georgetown College, which was founded in 1829.[9] While rooted in theological education, the institution offered students the same literary and scientific instruction common to other colleges of the day.[9] The first term included 37 students, 27 of whom hailed from Granville; nearly half of these students were under fifteen years of age. The school was more of an academy than a college.[10] The school's first Commencement, which graduated three classical scholars, was held in 1840.[10]
In 1845, the institution, which at this point was male-only, officially changed its name to Granville College.[10] In 1853, William S. Denison, a Muskingum County farmer, pledged $10,000 toward the college's endowment. Honoring an earlier commitment, the trustees accordingly changed the name of the institution to Denison University. They also voted to move the college to land then available for purchase in the village of Granville.[11]
In the years leading up to the Civil War, many students and faculty members at Denison University became deeply involved in the anti-slavery movement. Professor Asa Drury, the chair of Greek and Latin studies, became the leader of a local anti-slavery society. Bancroft House, now a residential hall, served as a stop on the Underground Railroad for refugee slaves.[12][13]
The roots of coeducation at Denison University began in December 1832 with the establishment of the Granville Female Seminary, founded by Charles Sawyer a year before Oberlin College launched the first coeducational college in the United States.[14][15] The seminary was superseded by the Young Ladies' Institute, founded in 1859 by Dr. and Mrs. Nathan S. Burton.[16] The Young Ladies' Institute was sold to Reverend Dr. Daniel Shepardson in 1868 and was renamed the Shepardson College for Women in 1886.[17]
Shepardson College was incorporated as part of Denison University in 1900, with the two colleges becoming fully consolidated in 1927.[18][19]
In 1887, Denison inaugurated a master's program, with resident graduates pursuing advanced studies in the sciences.[20] Within a few years, the institution considered offering graduate programs on the doctoral level.[21] In 1926, the board of trustees formalized a new curriculum that would make Denison University an exclusively undergraduate institution.[22]
In the wake of Shepardson College's incorporation, Denison University made plans for enlargement of its campus. In 1916, the college sought the expertise of the Frederick Law Olmsted & Sons architectural firm. The resulting "Olmsted Plan" laid a foundation for expansion that has remained the guiding aesthetic for subsequent growth, establishing and maintaining a pedestrian-friendly campus, while also preserving scenic views of the surrounding hills and valleys. Expansion during this period included the acquisition of land to the north and east, the relocation of Shepardson College to the east ridge of College Hill, and the development of a new men's quadrangle beyond the library.[23]
During World War II, Denison was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.[24]
While the college's origins were rooted in theological education, Denison University has been a non-sectarian institution since the 1960s.[25] By 2005, the college reached its present size of approximately 2,250 students.[26]
John Pratt (1831–1837)
Jonathan Going (1837–1844)
Silas Bailey (1846–1852)
Jeremiah Hall (1853–1863)
Samson Talbot (1863–1873)
Elisha Andrews (1875–1879)
Alfred Owen (1879–1886)
Galusha Anderson (1887–1889)
Daniel B. Purinton (1890–1901)
Emory W. Hunt (1901–1912)
Clark W. Chamberlain (1913–1925)
Avery A. Shaw (1927–1940)
Kenneth I. Brown (1940–1950)
A. Blair Knapp (1951–1968)
Joel P. Smith (1969–1976)
Robert C. Good (1976–1984)
Andrew G. De Rocco (1984–1988)
Michele Tolela Myers (1989–1998)
Dale T. Knobel (1998–2013)
Adam S. Weinberg (2013–)[27]
The campus size is about 1,100 acres (4 km²). This includes a 400-acre (1.4 km²) biological reserve just east of campus, where professors of sciences like geology and biology can hold class. The Denison Golf Club at Granville, an 18-hole course designed by Donald Ross is just 0.4 miles from the academic campus was donated to the university in 2014.[28] In 2013, the university purchased and renovated the historic Granville Inn.[29]
The first building in the "Greater Denison" plan, Swasey Chapel was built at the center of the campus. The chapel seats 990 and plays host to notable campus events such as baccalaureate services, lectures, concerts, and academic award convocations.[30]
There are 18 academic buildings on campus. Knapp Hall, built in 1968, houses humanities and social sciences majors such as Black Studies, Sociology/Anthropology, Educational Studies, Women and Gender Studies, Religion, Political Science, and Philosophy. Ebaugh Laboratories is dedicated to chemistry. Fellows Hall houses the foreign language departments, as well as history and international studies. Also in this building is the Center for Off-Campus Study. 50% of Denison students study abroad during their junior year. Samson Talbot Hall is home to the biology department. Higley Hall, which was once called the Doane Life Sciences Building, is home to Denison's two most popular majors: Economics and Communication. Olin Science Hall contains the astronomy, computer science, geosciences, physics, and mathematics majors. Barney-Davis Hall, one of the oldest academic buildings on campus, holds classes for English majors, Environmental Studies majors, and also has the Denison Writing Center (free tutoring on any academic paper).
Doane Administration Building (the oldest building on campus) and Burton Morgan are also on academic quad (spill-over academic building), but they serve administrative purposes. The Bryant Arts Center opened in August 2009. Originally constructed in 1904 as a men's gymnasium (Cleveland Hall), it was later adapted as a student union. It was adapted and developed as the home of the studio/visual art and art history departments. The 45,000-square-foot (4,200 m2) facility has studios for ceramics, painting, printmaking, sculpture, photography and digital media. It also features fully electronic classrooms, open gallery spaces, an art history resource room, outdoor performance spaces, a common area for studio art seniors, and independent studios for faculty.[31] Also on the fine arts quad is Doane Dance Building, Burton Music, Cinema MIX Lab, Burke Performance and Recital Hall, and the Michael D. Eisner Center for the Performing Arts, completed in 2019.[32]
Built in 1937, Doane Library today houses more than 500,000 books and bound periodicals.[33]
Swasey Observatory, which opened in June 1910, houses a 9-inch refracting telescope as well as two 8-inch reflecting telescopes.[35]
Slayter Union features lounges, a snack bar, study tables, bookstore, a food market, student mailboxes and package services, a 302-seat auditorium and movie theater, a late-night restaurant, as well as offices for student organizations.[36]
The campus landscape was designed by the Olmsted Brothers firm.[37] "Greater Denison" was designed based on a layout of quadrangles throughout upper campus, designed to mirror the building functions. This was envisioned to help foster a sense of community among campus groups. The goal behind this plan was to be both aesthetically pleasing and functional for the university on top of a hill. The landscape design was planned to strategically preserve the natural topography, but also allow for logical and symmetrical arrangements of buildings within each quad.[38]
Denison is located in Granville, Ohio, a New England-style village settled in 1805 by a colony of settlers from Granville, Massachusetts. Denison is 25 minutes from Columbus, Ohio, the 14th largest city in the United States and home to many business, art, and educational institutions. Columbus has been repeatedly recognized as a top city for millennials, business—including startups and tech, and the arts.[39] In 2017, was recognized as one of the "Best Places to Live" by Money Magazine.[40]
As of the 2018–19 school year, 2,300 students are enrolled at Denison, with a gender distribution of 49 percent male students and 51 percent female students.[2] They come from 50 states, Washington, DC, and 56 countries, with 82% from out-of-state.[2] A full-time faculty of 235 professors makes the student-to-faculty ratio 9:1.[2]
Over the past several years, Denison University has increasingly attracted a diverse student population. For instance, 18 percent of students are first-generation college students and 33 percent are multicultural students.[2] While Denison has been recognized for its diversity in the past,[41] it was cited by The New York Times in 2014 as one of America's "Most Economically Diverse Top Colleges."[42] In that list, Denison is ranked at No. 11 in the list of the nation's top colleges and universities. Kenyon College was the only other Ohio school on the list, ranked at No. 80.[42]
With a June 2018 endowment of $851 million, the endowment per student is $356,358.[2] Some of this money goes towards financial aid. While the annual cost of attending is $63,130 per year, Denison awards nearly $60 million in need-based financial aid or merit-based academic scholarships.[2] Furthermore, Denison University announced in September 2016 that they will partner with nonprofit I Know I Can to offer 20 full-tuition scholarships to high school students attending Columbus, Ohio city schools.[43]
Forbes[44]
Times/WSJ[45]
Liberal arts colleges
U.S. News & World Report[46]
Washington Monthly[47]
Denison awards three degrees: Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), Bachelor of Science (B.S.), and Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.). The most popular majors are Economics, Biology, Communication, Psychology, History, and English. Students can create their own major (called an interdepartmental major).
The 2020 U.S. News & World Report college and university rankings place Denison as tied for 43rd overall among "National Liberal Arts Colleges", 13th in "Best Value Schools", 17th in "Most Innovative Schools", tied for 45th in "Best Undergraduate Teaching", and tied for 99th in "Top Performers on Social Mobility".[48] Other accolades include recognition from The New York Times in their 2014 rankings of Most Economically Diverse Colleges[49] and membership in the Colleges That Change Lives organization.[50]
Denison is a strictly residential campus that features a mixture of historic and contemporary buildings. Housing options include single, double, triple, and quadruple rooms, as well as suites of six. There are various apartments across campus and several satellite houses for seniors. Most seniors and some juniors live in apartment style housing with their own bathroom, living room and kitchen.
Student programs and organizations
Denison University holds over 200 student organizations with more than 600 students in leadership positions.
The Denison Campus Governance Association (DCGA) is the Denison student governing body, in which all students are members.[51] The DCGA Student Senate is the primary representative body of students on Denison's campus, and it has been involved in various student initiatives: from postponing quiet hours in the fall of 2007 to drafting the Code of Academic Integrity adopted in the fall of 2009[52] to encouraging the University President to sign onto the Presidents' Climate Commitment.[53] The DCGA Finance Committee is responsible for financially supporting over 100 student clubs and organizations with a budget of over $1,300,000, providing the Denison community with opportunities to participate in athletics, write for several publications, volunteer in the local community, learn about various cultures, and attend well-known speakers, among other endeavors. They hold an annual Denison Day (or "DDay" for short) concert, which has featured artists such as T-Pain, The Roots, Andy Grammer, Ben Folds, RAC, Phillip Phillips, Danny Brown, Rufus Wainwright, Reel Big Fish, Matt and Kim, Hoodie Allen, Mos Def, Jay Sean, and Asher Roth.
The newly named Alford Community Leadership & Involvement Center is the hub for student activities and community involvement.[54]
The University Programming Council (UPC) is the main programming body on campus. A fully student operated organization, UPC annually brings in concerts, comedians, hypnotists, lectures and other forms of entertainment to campus. UPC also hosts a number of off-campus trips each year to the Columbus area and beyond. In addition to these events, UPC is well known for its annual events that have become a part of the Denison tradition: Aestavalia (spring festival), Slayter Arcade, and University Gala (Homecoming).
Denison Community Association (DCA) is a volunteer service organization, led by students and entirely student operated.[55] DCA is the umbrella organization for 24 committees that recruit and train Denison students to volunteer at local community sites. In 2015, 86% of students participated in community service.[56]
Founded in 1857, The Denisonian is the student-run newspaper and oldest student organization on campus and prints ten issues per semester as well as online at denisonian.com.[57]
The Bullsheet is a student-run publication for news, humor and community dialog that is printed daily and delivered to Slayter Hall, William Howard Doane Library, Huffman Dining Hall and Curtis Dining Hall. It was founded in 1979 [58] to combat student apathy, and it remains central to campus culture by providing an open forum for free speech.[59]
Fraternity/sorority life
Denison has ten active fraternities and eleven sororities.[60] Approximately 24% of undergraduate men are involved in fraternities and about 30% of women are members in a sorority, although student publications have argued that this number is actually significantly higher.[61][62] In the 1980s, over 70% of the student body belonged to a fraternity or sorority organization. Fraternities and sororities at Denison are overseen by four ruling bodies: the Interfraternity Council or IFC for fraternities, the National Panhellenic Conference for sororities, the National Pan-Hellenic Council for traditionally African American fraternities and sororities, and the Multicultural Greek Council for traditionally multicultural fraternities and sororities.[63]
The active IFC fraternities are Beta Theta Pi, Delta Chi, Lambda Chi Alpha, Kappa Sigma, Phi Delta Theta, Phi Kappa Psi, and Sigma Chi.[64] The Panhellenic Conference sororities are Delta Delta Delta, Delta Gamma, Kappa Kappa Gamma, Kappa Alpha Theta, and Pi Beta Phi.[65] Delta Sigma Theta, Alpha Kappa Alpha, Phi Beta Sigma, Alpha Phi Alpha and Sigma Gamma Rho operate under the National Pan-Hellenic Council system.[66] The Multicultural Greek Council is host to the chapters of Sigma Lambda Gamma, the Eta Colony of Alpha Sigma Rho, Phi Iota Alpha, Lambda Theta Alpha and the Gentlemen of Chi Sigma Tau – Zeta Chapter.[67]
Currently, Denison's Sigma Phi Epsilon chapter is suspended from official recognition for violations of the Student Code of Conduct, while its Kappa Sigma chapter was restored to good standing at the beginning of the Fall semester of 2014. Additionally, an unrecognized chapter of Phi Gamma Delta (FIJI) operates at Denison alongside KZ, an unrecognized local fraternity. Sigma Alpha Epsilon was removed from campus following a hazing incident in 2001. The school administration does not extend recognition to these three latter groups, and as such, they are sometimes referred to by the student body as "underground fraternities." Previous fraternities to exist on campus, but are now inactive, include Delta Upsilon and Alpha Tau Omega.[68][69]
Denison is not religiously affiliated. However, there are religious organizations that add to the dynamic campus culture. Within religious life, Denison seeks to recognize the college's diversity and strives to create opportunities of inter religious experiences and dialogue to promote understanding and acceptance.[70] Some of the larger organizations include Denison Christian Community, Newman Catholic Club, Hillel (Judaism), Muslim Students Association, and Agape Christian Fellowship. Other organizations represent the Quaker, Buddhist, Young Life, Sikh, and Hindu groups on campus. The Open House-Center for Religious and Spiritual Life, located on the South Quad of campus, is not exclusively for spiritual use. Students of all faiths and those with no faith tradition are welcome to come enjoy the homelike atmosphere while they study, enjoy a snack, play board games, meet new friends, or use the house for meetings of a non-religious nature.
Traditions and folklore
D-Day, the successor to the college's old Scrap Day, is a celebration of the entire college, put on once a year by the DCGA.[71]
Kirtley Mather, Class of 1909, named the tallest peak in Alaska's Aleutian Peninsula "Mt. Denison." In 1978, a group of students, professors, and alumni successfully scaled the mountain—a feat repeated nearly 20 years later by another Denison group.[72]
Denison has one of the few remaining college cemeteries in Ohio. Among those buried on Sunset Hill are Jonathan Going, the college's second president, and Elisha Andrews, its sixth.[73]
The arts are prominent at Denison University. Students can major or minor in theatre, music, visual art, studio art, art history, dance, or cinema. Denison also hosts a variety of annual festivals and series including The Vail Series, The Beck Series, The Tutti Festival, and The Bluegrass Festival.[74]
The Vail Series began in 1979 as the result of a financial gift from Mary and Foster McGaw in honor of Jeanne Vail, class of 1946.[75] Michael Morris, who previously worked as the executive director of the Midland Theatre, Newark, Ohio, was appointed to be the director of the program in 2014.[76] According to an article by the Newark Advocate, The Vail Series is an "acclaimed visiting artist program" where artists are encouraged to both perform and interact with students.[76] Tickets to the Vail Series are free to students.[77] Former performers include Itzhak Perlman, Yo Yo Ma, Renée Fleming, Wynton Marsalis, Jessye Norman, and Chris Thile and Edgar Meyer among others.[75] In 2014, the university announced that ETHEL will become their first ensemble-in-residence.[78] They performed their multimedia concert "Documerica" on campus during the spring of 2016[79] and received honorary degrees from the college at the commencement ceremony in 2017.[80][81]
The Beck Series is associated with the creative writing program at Denison, and it brings a variety of authors to campus to read their work and interact with students.[82] Former visitors include Pulitzer Prize winner Eudora Welty, National Book Award winner Alice Walker, Playwright and Oscar-winning screenwriter Tom Stoppard, Orange is the New Black author, Piper Kerman, and W. S. Merwin among others.[82]
The Tutti Festival is a semi-annual festival that features original works of music, art, dance, poetry, fine arts, and theater by professors, students, and visiting artists.[83]
The college hosts an annual free Bluegrass Festival.[84] This weekend-long celebration includes multiple concerts, instrument workshops, and jam sessions.[85][85]
The campus radio station, WDUB a.k.a. The Doobie, features 24-hour programming and broadcasts both on the airwaves 91.1 FM and online at www.doobieradio.com. The station was notably featured in American Eagle stores across the country through the summer of 2009. The Doobie was also ranked by The Princeton Review as one of the best college radio stations in the nation.[86]
In 2016, Denison renovated and opened the Denison Art Space in Newark as part of the Thirty-One West development in Downtown Newark.[87]
Construction began in 2017 on the Michael D. Eisner Center for the Performing Arts, named for former CEO of The Walt Disney Company Michael Eisner, who graduated from Denison in 1964. When completed, the building will house the departments of music, dance, and theatre, as well as multi-disciplinary performance and rehearsal spaces.[88]
Denison is a member of the NCAA Division III and the North Coast Athletic Conference (NCAC) since the conference's formation in 1984. As a part of the 10-member conference Denison boasts a league-record 11 Dennis M. Collins Awards which is given to the NCAC school that performs best across the conference's 23 sponsored sports: 11 for men and 12 for women. Denison additionally has 45 club and intramural sports.[2] Denison won nine consecutive All-Sports Awards between 1997–1998 and 2005–2006.[89] Denison's remaining two awards were earned in 1985–86[90] and 2008–2009.[91]
In 2001 the Denison Women's Swimming and Diving team captured the school's first NCAA Division III national championship by snapping Kenyon College’s streak of 17-consecutive national championships.[92] Following this, the Denison Men's Swimming and Diving team defeated Kenyon to capture the 2011 NCAA National Title by 1 point[93] ending the Lords' 31-year streak of championships. Denison men won the national title in 2015–2016 and in 2017–2018.[94]
In both men's and women's swimming and diving, Denison has posted 47 consecutive top-10 finishes at the NCAA Division III championships. During that span, Denison has placed either second or third, nationally, 26 times.[95]
Denison alumnus Woody Hayes (Class of ’35) spent three seasons as the head football coach at Denison (1946–48). In 1947 and 1948 he guided the Big Red to undefeated seasons.[96]
In 1954 Keith Piper took over as the head football coach, a position he would remain in for 39 seasons. Piper won a school record, 200 games and in 1985 he guided the program to their first 10–0 season with his antique single-wing offense. Denison qualified for the NCAA Division III playoffs that season before falling to Mt. Union in the opening round.[97]
Women's basketball at Denison has emerged as a national contender under head coach Sara Lee. Denison's 2010–11 squad completed the first 28–0 regular season in women's basketball in the NCAC and have advanced to the NCAA Division III Tournament for the seventh time in school history and their sixth time out of the last seven seasons.[98] Men's basketball at Denison won the 2015-2016 NCAC tournament championship. They appeared in the NCAA tournament.
The Denison men's and women's lacrosse programs have had their share of conference and national success. The two programs have combined for 28 NCAA Division III tournament berths.[99][100] In 1999 and 2001 the Denison men's lacrosse team advances to the semifinal (Final 4) of the NCAA Division III Tournament [10] and most recently, in 2009, the Big Red advanced to the national quarterfinals of the NCAC Tournament before falling to Gettysburg.[101]
In 2008 the Denison women's tennis team advanced to the NCAA semifinals, eventually winning the consolation match to place third overall, marking the program's best national finish.[102] That same year the doubles team of sophomore Marta Drane and freshman Kristen Cobb advanced to the championship match of the Division III Doubles championship before falling to Brittany Berckes and Alicia Menezes of Amherst in the finals.[103]
`The Denison University Squash Team has spent the majority of its time as the #1 club team in the nation and competes with some of the top varsity teams across the nation.
The Denison women's soccer team advanced to the NCAA quarterfinals for the second time in school history in 2010.[104] The previous appearance occurred in 2005.[105] Overall the program has qualified for the NCAA Tournament 14 times.[106]
Denison boasts 49 NCAA postgraduate scholars[107] and 87 Academic All-Americans.[108]
In the spring of 2016, Denison University announced that the Austin E. Knowlton Foundation pledged $9.3 million towards the Center for Career Exploration, now known as The Austin E. Knowlton Center for Career Exploration.[109] According to the Newark Advocate, this money is devoted to supporting the college's work in creating the "benchmark program" for transitioning students from the liberal arts into the professional world.[109] In 2017, the Knowlton Center was honored by the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) when President Adam Weinberg was given the Career Services Champion Award.[110]
The Knowlton Center provides programs beginning in a student's first year to prepare them for life after college including job and graduate school search assistance, career exploration, alumni mentoring, "first look" trips, and internship assistance.[111] The center also provides internship funding to students on an application basis, ranging from $100-$4,000 to offset costs incurred during an internship.[112]
Alumni can also take advantage of programming including networking, career coaching [113]and a program called "Designing Your Next Five"[114] based on the book, Designing Your Life by Bill Burnett and Dale Evans.
Notable faculty and alumni
Paul Alfred Biefeld (1911–1943)
Theodore Burczak (1995–)
Andy Carlson (1999–2018)
Asa Drury (1834–1836)
Peter Grandbois (2010–)
William Rainey Harper (1876–1878)
Anthony J. Lisska (1969–)
Kirtley Fletcher Mather (1918–1924)
Margot Singer (2005–)
For a more comprehensive list, see List of Denison University alumni.
Notable alumni include actors Steve Carell, Hal Holbrook, and Jennifer Garner; SNL comedian Alex Moffat; entertainer John Davidson; CBS football coach Woody Hayes; ESPN president George Bodenheimer; Turner Broadcasting System Senior Vice President James Anderson;[115] former member of Turkish Parliament and current consultant to The Coca-Cola Company Mehmet Cem Kozluformer;[116] United States Senator Richard Lugar; Indy car racer Bobby Rahal; playwright Jeffrey Hatcher; author Pam Houston; former Disney Chairman and CEO Michael Eisner; American criminologist and father of "evidence-based policing" Lawrence Sherman; former Ohio Attorney General Jim Petro; former Princeton University President William Bowen; professor of religion at Goucher College and theologian at the Washington National Cathedral[117] Kelly Brown Douglas;[118] Randolph Marshall Hollerith, Dean of the Washington National Cathedral.[119]
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Denison Magazine (Spring 2010). Granville: Denison University. 2010. p. 31.
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"Denison Moves Into NCAC'S 2010-11 All-Sports Lead After Winter Season". northcoast.org. North Coast Athletic Conference. Archived from the original on October 28, 2010. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
"Denison Wins 1985-86 NCAC All-Sports Champion Honor" (PDF). northcoast.org. North Coast Athletic Conference. 1986. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
"Denison, Ohio Wesleyan Share All-Sports Title; May 13, 2009 First Tie in 25-Year North Coast History" (PDF). northcoast.org. North Coast Athletic Conference. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
"Swimming: Women: Championship History". NCAA.com. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
"Big Red Stuns Kenyon to Capture National Championship". DenisonBigRed.com (Press release). Denison University. March 26, 2011. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
WSYX/WTTE. "Denison mens swimming and diving takes fourth national title, school's 100th championship". WSYX. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
2010-11 Swimming & Diving Media Guide. Granville: Denison University. 2010.
The Historical Times. XVII. Granville, Ohio, Historical Society. Summer 2003.
Jones, Todd (November 6, 2010). "Piper gave single-wing new life". Columbus Dispatch.
Wilson, Tom (March 1, 2011). "Denison reward for perfect season: Having to go through former champs". Newark Advocate.
2010-11 Women's Lacrosse Media Guide. Granville: Denison University. 2010.
2010-11 Men's Lacrosse Media Guide. Granville: Denison University. 2010.
Hachat, Josh (May 13, 2008). "No coach? For Denison lacrosse captains, no worry". Newark Advocate.
Hachat, Josh (May 18, 2008). "DU women take giant step to win in D-III quarterfinals". Newark Advocate.
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Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921). "Dennison University" . Collier's New Encyclopedia. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company.
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Kleos Space Names New Senior Business Developer
Kleos Space (ASX: KSS, Frankfurt: KS1), a space-powered Radio Frequency Reconnaissance data-as-a-service (DaaS) company, has appointed Sean McKay as senior business developer for US and Middle East operations.
Sean McKay
Sean McKay is a retired Colonel and a graduated Senior Materiel Leader with more than 22 years’ experience in program management for various Department of Defense (DoD), Foreign Military Sales, and Intelligence Community activities in command and control, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, space, cyber, ground integration, operational systems and operational test.
Artistic rendition of Kleos Scouting Mission satellites on orbit. Image is courtesy of the company.
McKay is joint qualified with several years of experience in resource management, legislative affairs, as well as an extended deployment to Afghanistan in support of the joint service and coalition build-up of the Afghan National Army. Mr. McKay will engage with a large network of defense specialists in the US Air Force and Saudi Arabia.
Karyn Hayes-Ryan, Kleos Space Inc. Director said that Sean joins the Kleos team at a time of international crisis, where governments are acutely aware of the need for enhanced border security. The company has seen an increasing interest in Kleos’ data offerings and he is well equipped to develop business opportunities in the US and Saudi Arabia.
The Kleos Scouting Mission satellites are in Chennai, India, awaiting launch on Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) PSLV C49. The multi-satellite Scouting Mission system will form the foundation of a constellation that delivers a global picture of hidden maritime activity, enhancing the intelligence capability of government and commercial entities when AIS (Automatic Identification System) is defeated, imagery is unclear, or targets are out of patrol range. The first scouting mission is comprised of 4 smallsats that are flown in formation.
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Tag Archives: foreign investment
Our So-Called Foreign Policy: Closer U.S. Taiwan Ties Must Become a Two-Way Street
alliances, allies, CCP Virus, China, coronavirus, COVID 19, decoupling, East Asia-Pacific, foreign investment, Hong Kong, Huawei, national security, Our So-Called Foreign Policy, South Korea, Taiwan, tech, Trade, Trump, TSMC, Wuhan virus
As if its CCP Virus coverup and planned crackdown on what’s left of Hong Kong’s freedoms weren’t bad enough, China has been escalating its aggressive words and deeds throughout its East Asia/Pacific neighborhood, and one major sign has been new pressure exerted on Taiwan – which Beijing views as a breakaway province that needs to end its rebellion immediately and join the Communist People’s Republic.
This more worrisome Chinese posture understandably has sparked calls for the United States to retaliate by demonstrating stronger support for Taiwan in various ways. This impulse also seems reasonable to me. But if the Trump administration speeds up its march down this road, it handles a closer relationship with Taiwan a lot better than its predecessors for decades had handled security alliance relationships with Japan and South Korea. Specifically, it’s crucial that Taiwan share much more of the burden of resisting China’s ambitions than has long been the case.
The latest alarm bells about China’s Taiwan policies have been set off by China’s words – or, more accurately, a missing word. Although the PRC (People’s Republic of China) has never renounced using force to achieve its longstanding aim “reunifying” China (as it defines the issue), its rhetorical positions toward the island have long fluctuated between the conciliatory and the blustery. But for 40 years, when Beijing mentioned of reunification, the word “peaceful” has always preceded it.
Last Friday, though, China’s second most important leader dropped the “peaceful” – and did it at a major forum: the annual meeting of the country’s rubberstamp parliament.
So it seems clear that the China cloud over Taiwan has darkened. But U.S. steps to bolster Taiwan’s security will greatly underperform – and may actually increase the dangers posed to America by China itself – unless Washington starts demanding in return that Taiwan stop its longstanding practice of investing massively in manufacturing in China, including in high tech sectors.
Indeed, as of 2018, according to this report, the total value of Taiwanese investment in China hit $180 billion – ten times the value of Taiwan’s investment in the United States. The annual amounts have been going down, but mainly because of the Trump administration’s tariffs on China, which have made it much more difficult for any factories in China – Chinese or foreign-owned – to earn fat profits by exporting major shares of their output to the United States. Even so, such investment had reached massive proportions. Indeed, in 2017. China still attracted nearly 45 percent of all Taiwan’s outbound foreign direct investment. Moreover, so much of this investment has come in technology sectors that fears have emerged of the island hollowing out its own innovation sector – which has been so vital to Taiwan’s spectacular economic development. And of course, Taiwanese companies like contract semiconductor manufacturing giant TSMC have been major suppliers of microchips and other high tech products to Chinese tech companies like Huawei, the global leader in advanced telecommunications.
It’s important to recognize that Taiwan is hardly the only U.S. ally that’s promoted China’s economic – and therefore technological and military – development. It’s not even the biggest. (That dubious honor goes to Hong Kong, but most of this Chinese “Special Administrative Region’s” direct investment flows to China seem to be concentrated in lower-tech, labor-intensive sectors without significant national security implications.) Moreover, the United States remains complicit itself.
But even though his administration doesn’t use the word, decoupling from China does appear to be a major goal of President Trump’s. There’s certainly been a lot of it. I’m not big at all on the United States embarking on a full-fledged campaign to mobilize East Asia/Pacific countries to out-compete China for influence in the region. Indeed, I’ve argued that disentangling the United States from China economically is vital to ensure American security and prosperity on its own merits. But if President Trump does want to go the full-court anti-China press route, what’s the point if supposed American allies aren’t all-in on decoupling asd as well?
(What’s Left of) Our Economy: Why Tariffs Can Reverse Offshoring’s Damage
China, emerging markets, export platforms, foreign investment, free trade agreements, GE, globalization, intermediate goods, Jeffrey Immelt, manufacturing, manufacturing jobs, manufacturing output, Mexico, multinational companies, offshoring, product life cycle theory, reshoring, Richard Baldwin, tariffs, The Great Convergence, The Race to the Bottom, Trade, trade law, World Trade Organization, {What's Left of) Our Economy
It’s definitely weird to be writing a post in response to a recent tweet-storm. But this was no ordinary tweeter. This was someone who’s getting attention from the Washington economic policy establishment as a new oracle on trade and globalization. That’s evidently because his work conveniently sums up many of the leading myths about the world economy and America’s approach to it that have been propagated by this group of interests. So his burst of social media activism provides a valuable opportunity to set the record straight.
The tweeter extraordinaire was Richard Baldwin. He’s not only an international economics professor at the University of Geneva in Switzerland, but the founder of the informative Voxeu.org economics research portal and president of the Centre for Economic Policy Research in London (not to be confused with the Center for Economic Policy and Research in Washington, D.C.). And he’s just come out with a book titled The Great Convergence: Information Technology and the New Globalization.
According to Baldwin, I have been guilty of a “Classic misthinking of globalisation” by supporting an overhauled U.S. trade policy featuring much more aggressive use of tariffs and other protectionist measures. But from the rest of his tweet-storm, a summary presentation he’s touting, and some other statements, it’s should be obvious that his own description of recent international economic trends and their main causes is way wide of the mark.
His fundamental mistake lies in neglecting the crucial role played in fostering today’s flows of goods, services, and capital by trade agreements and by the dramatically differing reductions in trade barriers from both a quantitative and, more important, a qualitative, standpoint. In particular, Baldwin ignores how various bilateral trade deals and decisions, and the multilateral pact that created the World Trade Organization gave multinational companies the essential condition they needed to justify the increasingly sophisticated production and job offshoring that has characterized globalization – guaranteed access to developed country, and especially the U.S. – market.
For the record, here’s the full string of tweets. (Some repeat previous tweets in the sequence.)
Classic misthinking of globalisation by @AlanTonelson
Recent globalisation driven by knowledge offshoring not freer trade
Tariffs don’t address the driving force
Could foster reshoring of some production but also more offshoring
The main problem is domestic: Protect workers, not jobs.
Jobs for U.S.-based robots
Trump tariffs raise cost of industrial import only in US (not Germany, Japan, China, Mexico, Canada)
Knowledge offshore drove 21st century globalisation
Tariffs don’t address globalisation’s driving force
US tariffs foster some reshoring and some more offshoring
So what is the right way to deal with angry middle class?
Protect individual workers, not individual jobs.
Are you familiar with the concept of factor substitutability ? Changing relative prices changes decisions.
But think of it this way. Offshoring, especially the kind focused on by Baldwin, to developing countries, can serve 3 main purposes. It can help companies better supply overseas markets. It can help them better supply their home country market. Or it can seek both objectives.
The great expansion of U.S. trade, primarily with developing countries, that Baldwin rightly notes began around 1990 (with the end of the Cold War and the great strengthening of free market reforms in gigantic developing countries), was justified with many and varied arguments. The paramount rationale, however, was serving the huge, ballooning populations of the world’s Chinas, Indias, Mexicos, and Brazils.
Yet as documented exhaustively in my 2002 book, The Race to the Bottom (and of course many other studies), incomes in these so-called Big Emerging Markets were simply too low to enable their final consumption to rise much – at least compared with their production and productive capacity. No one was more aware of this situation than the emerging market countries themselves – unless it was the global corporations considering pouring investment into them.
That’s why the smartest of these countries understood that they could not possibly grow and develop adequately by supplying their own populations alone, however rapid their income gains. Their only real hope for satisfactory progress was serving markets “where the money is.” America’s relatively open market and consumption-led national economic structure was their best bet by far.
And that’s why the multinationals as well were so determined for Washington to negotiate free trade agreements with these countries. – not to lower foreign trade barriers and permit American businesses their workers to reach the third world’s billions of new actual and potential consumers, but to lock in lower or eliminated barriers to the U.S. market. See the end notes to this recent study for references to just some of the scholarly evidence.
Accomplishing this aim would ensure that their plan to supply well heeled American customers from super low-cost and virtually unregulated third world supply bases would actually make money. Alternatively put, if Washington were legally able to curb or cut off access to the United States for Corporate America’s third world factories, these new facilities would lose much of their value.
Bringing the United States into the World Trade Organization (WTO) was also instrumental in this scheme. Its new rules and especially its unprecedented enforcement authority have greatly weakened America’s legal scope to use its trade law system to turn back goods (including those from the multinationals’ factories) that have been dumped, illegally subsidized, or benefited from other predatory trade policies – including currency undervaluation. In this vein, securing Chinese membership was vital, too. It secured near-invulnerability to U.S. trade law for the multinationals’ favorite export platform.
So the crucial importance of tariffs should be obvious to all. Yes, the technological advances cited by Baldwin (and so many others) have facilitated offshoring – and made the offshoring of even sophisticated production possible from the standpoint of logistics and administration and quality control and numerous similar considerations. But much and possibly most of it couldn’t pass the bottom-line test without the U.S. market access that can be made or broken by tariffs. That is, technology was a necessary condition of offshoring. But it was hardly sufficient.
Consistent with the product life cycle model, it’s unmistakably true that a growing share of multinational investment in developing countries is serving those markets. But compelling evidence abounds that the export platform strategy remains crucial – both to the countries and to the companies. Among the strongest, as I’ve recently written: the howls of protest from the corporate Offshoring Lobby and from export platform countries sparked by President-elect Trump’s talk of tariffs on the output they plan to sell to the United States. If America wasn’t such an important destination, and if so much of the offshored production was sold locally, why would they be so concerned?
Two other key items of evidence for the importance of tariffs:
a. The recent acknowledgment by GE CEO Jeffrey Immelt that trade barriers and other localization moves were mushrooming around the world, and that his company would have no choice but to say “How high” when ever more protectionist governments say “Jump!” Immelt’s statement makes clear that economies much smaller and weaker than America’s will be able to lure his company’s production and jobs either through relatively simple restrictions of access to their market, or through various performance standards imposed on inbound foreign investment that will be enforced through tariffs.
b. The prevalence of these practices and their success in influencing corporate location decisions. Indeed, the only major power that abjures these measures is the United States. Obviously, if smaller and weaker economies can wield tariffs and other trade restrictions successfully, America’s inaction stems from inadequate will, not inadequate wallet.
Yet as Baldwin’s tweet-storm shows, he is also offering three related objections to tariffs that have nothing intrinsically to do with the advent and growth of what he calls “knowledge offshoring.” He argues that tariffs would disastrously raise the cost to domestic U.S. manufacturers of all the imported inputs they use in their final products. As a result, he adds, these American manufacturers would lose competitiveness to any number of foreign rivals. Finally, he repeats the widespread argument that even if significant production was reshored with tariffs, the job impact would be minimal because of soaring, labor-saving productivity advances in manufacturing.
But Baldwin seems unaware that intermediate goods, including of course capital equipment, make up a huge share of domestic U.S. manufacturing. Because output data is too general (in particular lumping together such intermediates with finished goods in many super-categories), the exact figure is difficult to calculate. But other statistics leave no doubt as to the scale.
As I’ve previously shown, what the Census Bureau calls “industrial supplies” and “capital goods” have comprised fully 62.5 percent of America’s total merchandise exports for the first ten months of this year. And as with the output figures, these statistics leave out products such as auto parts (which are included, but not broken out, under a separate heading).
These industries are also gigantic employers. My own tally of Bureau of Labor Statistics data reveals that their workers number 5.764 million. That’s slightly over 47 percent of all manufacturing employees. Moreover, just over 28 percent of the workers in these sectors are white-collar workers – meaning in turn that many of them are in research, engineering, and other STEM fields. These numbers, moreover, indicate that even if I’m whoppingly wrong, we’re still talking about lots of valuable production and workers.
So tariffs would create enormous new opportunities for this immense sector of manufacturing – and comparable new demand for the kinds of folks nearly everyone wants to become bigger and bigger percentages of the American labor market.
In addition, Baldwin’s case against tariffs seems to assume that they’ll be geographically circumscribed – hence his claim about the competitiveness-harming impact of barriers against these intermediate goods. But this assumption is puzzling, to say the least. Of course tariffs limited to, say, China or Mexico would open new opportunities in the U.S. market or third country markets for other manufacturing powers. Yet this is precisely why the trade proposals being floated by the administration-in-waiting increasingly include world-wide restrictions.
Finally, although labor-saving productivity gains are surely responsible for much manufacturing job loss in recent decades, the benefits of reshoring manufacturing output shouldn’t be underestimated. Industry’s very productivity performance is clearly one big reason – how can a national economy not profit from regaining many of its most productive sectors?
The importance of existing industry for fostering new industries and related economic benefits and opportunities is another big reason. This new paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research presents findings indicating just how much technological advance is generated by incumbent companies (and presumably industries) rather than through the “creative destruction” emphasized by much of the economics profession. So a focus on manufacturing output means a focus on much of the economy’s capacity to continue creating genuine wealth – and sustainable prosperity.
Further, for all of its competitiveness issues, manufacturing still dominates American export flows. If free-trade-oriented analysts are right, and main purpose of exporting is earning the income to buy imports, how can sufficient income keep getting created if domestic manufacturing production keeps stagnating or shrinking – which has clearly been the case in real terms since the last recession began?
As indicated by some of the preceding paragraphs, however, much uncertainty – in my view, way too much – is still left by the official data analysts are forced to use to study the vital Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How Much issues raised by globalization. Nor does the information reported sporadically in the business press or reported (often partially and self-servingly) by the companies themselves add more than fragments to the existing picture.
Many of these uncertainties could be cleared up if offshoring companies were required by Washington to disclose much more information than at present about how their domestic and foreign operations compare, and how these comparisons have changed over time. After all, knowing the crucial details is critical to their success. And if the disclosure mandate was universal, no individual firm would gain competitive advantage from this new flood of proprietary facts and figures.
So I hope Baldwin – and others sharing his views – will join me in demanding such disclosure. We have nothing to lose but our (relative) ignorance.
Our So-Called Foreign Policy: Worries About Another U.S. Screening Process – For Defense-Related Technology Assets
CFIUS, Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, foreign investment, Hewlett-Packard, Integrated Silicon Solutions, national security, Our So-Called Foreign Policy, Philips, Qualcomm, semiconductors, technology, Tsinghua University, Western Digital
As Americans have embroiled themselves in a heated debate over how adequate screening procedures are for refugees from the war-torn Middle East, some big, possibly dangerous holes in another key security government screening system may have opened wide – the inter-agency process for vetting proposed foreign takeovers of or investments in U.S. companies when the deals have national security implications.
According to a valuable report by the tech industry publication EE Times, China has proposed buying outright or acquiring important stakes in no less than five major American technology firms this year alone. One such bid, for leading memory chip maker Micron, has been squashed – at least for now – in part because of likely opposition from the inter-agency group, known as the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS).
Two more are awaiting CFIUS analysis. The first is the purchase of a 15 percent stake in hard disk drive manufacturer Western Digital by the investment arm of China’s government-controlled Tsinghua University. The second is Hewlett Packard’s sale to the same Chinese entity of its telecommunications hardware, server, storage, and technical services assets in China.
Judging from CFIUS’ decisions in two previous cases, though, the Chinese government – and its U.S. partners-to-be – have little reason for concern. For Washington has approved the sale of Omnivision to a Chinese investment consortium, and Integrated Silicon Solutions Inc. to similar buyers. Omnivision makes image sensors important for semiconductor design and manufacturing, while Integrated Silicon Solutions is a fabless memory chip producer. Apparently CFIUS saw no significant national security potential in either transaction, even though semiconductors are vital building blocks of all advanced weapons systems, and even though all Chinese investors prominent enough to bid for such key foreign assets are either directly or indirectly controlled by Beijing.
In addition, another tech publication has reported that CFIUS is looking into the sale to yet another group of Chinese investors of Philips’ LED lighting division, including “a broad patent portfolio of more than 600 patent families related to LED manufacturing and automotive lighting.” And EE Times has recently explained why financially struggling American communications chip giant Qualcomm could be China’s next target.
More ominously, the Tsinghua investment arm has announced intentions to spend $47 billion over the next five years to build up China’s tech sector by purchasing foreign companies and knowhow, and that America’s tech sector is its top target. So it looks like, at the least, CFIUS will be kept pretty busy going forward. Then again, since prospective foreign buyers aren’t legally obligated to notify CFIUS of their intentions, who’s to say?
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Tag Archives: exploitation
Art, cinema and media studies, Film, ideology, philosophy
combining the ‘Enlightened’ Pilot Episode w/ Excerpt Chapter “Industrial Auteur Theory”: production sets & breakdowns
January 29, 2016 Grace Jungcinema and media studies, enlightened, exploitation, film set, internships, production cultures, production set, tv set Leave a comment
I wrote this back in late November for a classroom blog post. I am reposting it here now because some of the thoughts are relevant to my current situation. More on that later.
I was glad that we got to see Enlightened in class today. It’s one of my favorite shows, and I was bummed to learn that it wouldn’t get a third season, especially because season two ended on such a huge cliffhanger.
When I first watched the show, I’d already listened to interviews given by Laura Dern and Mike White—on separate occasions—on what the show is and how difficult it was to make it, and then watch it get canceled, so I’d already begun my viewing experience with some information (either at the forefront or lingering in the back) in my head. In any case, in my first viewing, I watched Amy with a lot of tension in my shoulders because she was such a train wreck with almost little to no self-awareness. It was stressful. I had to keep watching, though, because I dug the show (I’m also a fan of Mike White), and I genuinely wanted to believe in her optimism as much as she seemed to. But if you continue on with the season, and finish season two, you’ll see that she’s always the same in each episode—an idealist who is wired to be incapable of improvement—and she’s always going to make things worse for herself and those around her no matter how much she believes in her heart of hearts that there is hope for a better future and greater change.
In my second viewing of the pilot, I tried to see it differently. I tried to see it as if Amy is the normal one and everyone else is the crazy one. This made the show a lot easier to watch, and a lot more heartbreaking. She genuinely believes in a better future, change and improvement. Nobody else in her life does. Everybody thinks she’s crazy. But if I watch her as the normal one, everyone else seems completely out of line. Why doesn’t Diane Ladd’s character just let Amy read the letter? Why doesn’t Charles Esten’s character just meet with Amy in person to reconcile? Why doesn’t the company just give Amy her job back and take her up on her suggestions on fixing up the company’s reputation by making environmentally sound choices? All of these things have something to do with time and boundaries. Amy is someone who doesn’t believe in the restrictions of time and boundaries among individuals. She’s someone who wouldn’t function well in a society that holds those two things close to heart. This is what makes her the show’s heroine, and it’s what makes her constantly run into problems in her society. It’s also what causes her to be exploited later on in season 2 (no spoilers), which breaks my heart even more.
Amy is the protagonist of the show whether we like her or not. She is the one that’s given to us and we have to accept this, or we can continue to watch just hating her (lots of people have commented on how much they hate this character that Dern plays, which eventually led to the show’s demise, although Dern herself says she loves this character). I kind of love this character, too. I’m a big fan of this show because it’s a female antihero who is dressed not as a cynical, unfaithful, sex-addicted, alcoholic man (Sopranos, MadMen) but an idealist who had a lot of letdowns in her life (again, no spoilers, but she’s had it rough, hence her borderline personality) but continues to strive for optimism and hope in a world that continues to let her down and conflict with her.
With that said, reading Caldwell’s “Industrial Auteur Theory” bummed me out a lot. It’s heavy stuff. Especially the paragraph on the writer’s room culture that basically leads to symptoms of PTSD among employees, who later get told by the production company!—to go and get therapy. I can empathize to some mild degree. Working in production where pressure and stress run high (because there’s never enough time, and time so equals money here) does lead to a lot of scarring, emotional trauma, mental duress, conflicts, etc. Without therapy, there’s no way that people could survive. Makes sense why so many industry people are into Eastern religion, yoga, meditation and all that (basically all of the things Amy turned to after her breakdown). Every single actor/director friend of mine claims to be Buddhist, and they all read some new kind of self-help book, which they go around recommending me any chance that they get.
The idea of producers who take advantage of younger below-the-line crew members’ broken minds and bodies + eagerness to still make it in the industry and exploit that emotional vulnerability because they know that the young and eager will still be grateful for the opportunity to work alone is also a monstrous/ugly thing that is rampant in the industry. In a lot of ways it is rampant precisely because so many people are fighting their way to get in, and so many people are willing to make that kind of sacrifice as a form of “paying one’s dues.” Personally, I am very against this concept. I wish it didn’t have to be this way.
In the few indies I’ve produced, nearly all of the crew members did the work for no pay—just meals—because people enjoyed the filmmaking process. If it wasn’t for that then no one would’ve participated. It came from a place of passion and the desire to work with one another. We all genuinely liked being on set. After a production wraps, a lot of the times the cast and crew stay in touch for years—unless somebody really didn’t get along with another person, which also happens. These people will almost never speak to one another for years. After going through something as intense as shooting a film, it’s impossible to not become close. So there is some pay off to the agony, but making a film is an agonizing process. As it is with TV. I’m sure many people have seen that documentary 6 Days to Air: The Making of South Park (2011) by Arthur Bradford. I think it’s a good film to complement what Caldwell discusses.
Speaking of desperation, I can see some parallels between the desperate, rock-bottom state that Amy is in which drives her full-force into the arms of the spiritual, incense waving, hippy-dippy world + random sea turtle spotting, which she applies epic meaning/significance to) and the desperate, zero experience unpaid interns/PAs who willingly—very passionately—run towards film/TV sets for little to nothing and get screamed at all day by the department heads and the above-the-line crew members simply because they believe in the magic of show biz. Yikes! This is super depressing to think about. Probably because it is too real, and very true of our industry.
Anyway, I still like to believe that there is light at the end of that tunnel.
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August 20, 2016 Jana J. Monji
Guillermo del Toro at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art
Guillermo del Toro arrived late on Saturday morning at the Bing Theater with a typical Los Angeles excuse: the traffic. This is the second day he’d been at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Friday night, del Toro had been there for the beginning of the movie series screened in conjunction with the new exhibit, “Guillermo del Toro: At Home with Monsters.”
The exhibit wasn’t officially open to the public until Monday, Aug. 1, but Friday night “The Devil’s Backbone” was shown and del Toro signed over 700 books for fans who began lining up at 2 p.m.
In this first museum retrospective of his work, around 500 objects have been taken from de Toro’s Bleak House in the suburbs of Los Angeles. “I’m not a collector; I’m not a hoarder,” del Toro stated during a presentation before the press preview on Saturday morning. “Because collectors know how the market is. They know how much everything is. They keep their comic books in little bags. They keep their toys in their boxes.” Instead del Toro commented, he had a “promiscuous relationship” with his objects. The exhibit includes sculpture, paintings, prints, photographs, costumes, ancient artifacts, books, maquettes and films from his personal collection (including drawings from his notebooks) and 60 objects from LACMA’s permanent collection.
According to Britt Salvesen, curator and department head of the Walllis Annenberg Photography Department and the Prints and Drawings department at LACMA, while LACMA couldn’t take you through Bleak House, the exhibit attempts to give you something of the atmosphere of the house.
The exhibit is organized into eight thematic sections, beginning with “Childhood and Innocence.” From there, the exhibit travels to “Victoriana,” “Magic, Alchemy, and the Occult,” “Movies, Comics, Pop Culture,” “Frankenstein and Horror,” “Freaks and Monsters,” and “Death and Afterlife.”
The exhibit is guarded by the Angel of Death (“Hellboy 2”). From there, we proceed to the faun from “Pan’s Labyrinth” who stands with the mysterious stone from the same movie to the right and a monitor to the left which is playing scenes from that movie (a montage of “Childhood and Innocence in the Films of Guillermo del Toro”).
In the section, “Childhood and Innocence,” we note how many of del Toro’s films center on children as protagonists, witnesses or victims. They are not insulated from fear, harm or even death. “In fairy tales, ogres and wolves ate children, and I think that it goes to the roots of storytelling, to have children as vulnerable,” del Toro explained in the press notes.
“Victoriana” is reflected in the name of the house, itself. “Bleak House” is the name of a Charles Dickens’ 1853 novel (serialized 1852-1853) about a long-running court case revolving around conflicting wills. Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) inhabits this space as life-sized sculpture. You’ll also find Mexican artist Julio Ruelas (1870-1907) is another influence as is the more contemporary Edward Gorey.
Del Toro’s Bleak House is a place where every day can be a dark and stormy night, even in sunny, drought-stricken Southern California. Del Toro drew on his experiences as a special effects designer to create a rain room. The room features a rear-projected lightning effects and a false window spattered with silicone raindrops while a thunder soundtrack plays. This room is partially recreated in the exhibit.
This section also delves into the Victorian interest in science and del Toro’s in insects, and includes a montage of insects in the films of del Toro. Fans of the 2015 “Crimson Peak” can also see costumes from that gothic romance.
“Magic, Alchemy and The Occult” relates to del Toro’s vast library on magic, witchcraft and the occult and his fascination with American writer, H.P. Lovecraft.
“Movies, Comics, Pop Culture” looks at del Toro’s interest in B movies and horror films and directors such as Alfred Hitchcock and Luis Buñuel. Del Toro was influenced by fine art and pop culture, which makes his directing a comic-book adaptation like “Hellboy” seem like a natural progression. A life-sized sculpture of stop-motion animator Ray Harryhausen (by Mike Hall) considers a group of skeletons.
Del Toro might be known for Hellboy, but he has a special fascination with Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel, “Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus.” In Catholic school, del Toro was not popular, he was one of the marginalized students and he identified with the outsider status of Frankenstein’s creature.
Del Toro commented, “I saw in the creature of Frankenstein a beautiful innocent creature in a state of grace who was sacrificed.”
From Frankenstein’s creature to “Freaks and Monsters,” the exhibition moves to the sideshow performers with two life-sized sculptures: the half-body boy, Johnny Eck (sculpted by Thomas Kuebler) and the pinhead, Schlitzie (also by Kuebler), both from Tod Browning’s 1932 movie “Freaks.”
There’s also a montage of monsters from del Toro’s films. During the press preview introduction, del Toro explained, “I found in these monsters a very moving essence of outsiderness that I identify with fully. Monsters free from the constraints of reality. They tell us something very deep about ourselves.” Fans of his movies, “will see I adore monsters.” He explained, “Monsters do not pretend to be something else.”
On the other hand, del Toro continued, “Humans are frequently false” and trapped by “a series of fantasies that we accept socially that are absolutely terrifying” based on geography, gender and race. “These are accepted fictions that separate us from each other.” Monsters are “the patron saints of otherness.”
“Death and the Afterlife” was much in the mind of del Toro as a child raised in Mexico during the 1960s and 1970s, brewing from seeing corpses on the streets and being raised Catholic. Death and resurrection is the topic of the montage for this section.
Places are also the subject of another montage in the exhibit and his place in Los Angeles, and the history of California and the current history making events in the United States seemed very much on del Toro’s mind. Toward the end of his remarks to the press, del Toro commented, “It is very important for me to be here, as a Mexican.” He explained, “The real monsters in our lives are in fancy tailored suits. There’s nothing more scary than people that are profoundly ignorant and profoundly certain. They always go together.” Instead, del Toro wanted people to realize he represents Mexico and “We are a rich and diverse community.”
The exhibit’s catalogue, “Guillermo del Toro: At Home with Monsters, Inside his Films, Notebooks, and Collections,” features photos taken from inside of Bleak House mixed with stills from his movies. Contributing to the Insight Editions’ publication are Salvesen as well as Art Gallery of Ontario’s manager of publishing, Jim Shedden; Paul Koudounaris , an author with a PhD in art history who specializes in the visual culture of death; Keith McDonald, head of Programme for Media and Film Studies at York St. John University, UK; Roger Clark, senior lecturer in Literature Studies at York St. John University (co-author with McDonald of “Guillermo del Toro: Film as Alchemic Art”) and Guy Davis, freelance concept designer, illustrator and storyboard artist who frequently collaborates with del Toro. The 152-page hardcover book ($29.99) can be purchased at the LACMA bookstore or online at LACMA.org or through Insight Editions.
In October and November, six more movies by del Toro will be screened at LACMA’s Bing Theater. The film program “Fuel for Nightmares: A Curated Series of Guillermo del Toro’s Inspirations, Influences and Favorite Films,” will begin screening on Tuesday, Aug. 2. This program includes “Jane Eyre,” “The Young and the Damned” (Los olividados), “Kwaidan” and, of course, “The Bride of Frankenstein.”
The exhibit opened on August 1, 2016 and after closing on Nov. 27, the exhibit will travel to the Minneapolis Institute of Art (February 26 – May 21, 2017) and lastly to the Art Gallery of Ontario (Sept. 30, 2017 to Jan. 7, 2018) in Canada. Each exhibit will be a little different, including objects from the home institute and there is a possibility that other venues will host this exhibit. For more information about the LACMA ticketed exhibit, visit LACMA.org.
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Sofia Coppola’s “The Virgin Suicides”
You are here: Home / Movies After Midnight / Sofia Coppola’s “The Virgin Suicides”
It’s hard to heap praises on something that doesn’t make sense. It’s a total paradox that starts from one absurd point to another absurd point to another absurd point, ad infinitum. But I’m going to do it anyway because the very experience of watching The Virgin Suicides is a paradox by itself. Nothing makes sense from the perspective of what we consider normal. Yet, I was drawn to it, to them — the characters, trying to understand how the parents’ good intentions and the teenaged girls’ yearning for nothing more than a “normal” life could lead to such tragedy of absurd proportions.
From a story point of view, the film version of The Virgin Suicides is downright bizarre and tragic. Based on the debut novel by Jeffrey Eugenides, the film version was the debut directorial job of Sofia Coppola. The Virgin Suicides is a story about an upper middle class Catholic family in suburban America in the 1970s. Father, mother and five attractive teenaged daughters. The youngest daughter attempts suicide, is not successful, tries again and manages to do it right the second time. The already overprotective parents become even more overprotective and, after one daughter breaks curfew one night after a school dance, the girls are never again allowed to leave the house. In the end, they all commit suicide.
It’s a story I cannot relate to. I’d ordinarily be too full of judgment about the almost fanatical religious conservatism of the parents especially the mother (played by Kathleen Turner) who, from beginning to end, seemed frantic and unable to cope with the inevitable sexual awakening of any normal teenaged daughter. I’d be too full of judgment too for the daughters who, for the most part, exhibited nothing but weakness to defy the unreasonable restrictions imposed by their (ironically enough) well-intentioned parents. In short, with a story like that, I would have been scathing and dismissive in a big, big way.
Curiously enough, I watched The Virgin Suicides with the focus and fascination I usually display only when watching something with overly diverse philosophical nuances such as The Matrix. The film itself was mesmerizing — mostly, I think, because the bizarre story was told without judgment. A hard task, if you ask me, because directors are often caught in that situation where they want to please the viewers who, nine times out of ten, demand that there be a protagonist to commiserate with and an antagonist to hate and blame. And that situation, Sofia Coppola successfully avoided. Telling the story from a perspective where none of the characters are labeled, even by implication, as good or bad, it was just a story told with such rich details — visually, emotionally and, believe it or not, socially.
From a cinematic point of view, The Virgin Suicides is everything that a good movie should be with the amazing performance of the actors, the realistic (though understated) sets and costumes, and a cinematography that I can only describe as utterly surreal. I wonder what camera filters were used to achieve that but it was effective. In many scenes, the five daughters appeared quite ethereal so that just by looking at them, one gets that sense of vulnerability. Yet, one also gets the impression that the vulnerability is a veil that hides sexual tension waiting to be unleashed, ironically, sans wantonness and sluttiness. It’s mind-blowing how something like that can be conveyed visually. I suppose it takes the sensibilities of a woman to do it.
The Virgin Suicides is probably not for the film viewer who expects a closure by the time the final credits roll. It leaves you hanging and still wondering just what the hell really happened and why. You try to analyze who could be faulted for the deaths and it is so easy to blame the parents until you realize that everything they did, they thought they were doing for their daughters’ own good. And then you try to contextualize the story based on the era in which it took place. The 70s — years so full of social and cultural polarity. Out with the old ways, in with the social liberation. And you wonder whether those characters were all just meant to be portrayed as victims of their time.
Published on October 10, 2012 by Connie Veneracion
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Little interest means local society of treasure hunting hobbyists will have to shutdown
By Amanda del Castillo
SAN JOSE, Calif. (KGO) -- A treasure-hunting society in the South Bay is hoping to uncover an elusive prize. The Treasure Hunters Society of Santa Clara Valley (THSSCV) is after new members.
Long-time treasure hunter Brian Picard told ABC7 News the society will likely shut down in January.
Picard first picked up the hobby when he was 14 years old. His family was at a beach in Capitola when they came across a man with a metal detector.
The man ended up inviting Picard and his family to a THSSCV meeting.
Now, at 48-years-old, Picard is THSSCV president.
Over the years, he's unearthed a number of artifacts including old coins, buried badges and other pieces from the past.
"Over here it's kind of like a geeky, nerdy thing," Picard said about the hobby on the West Coast. "But on the East Coast, there's all the battlefields. So, they have big, organized hunts with thousands of people."
The difference in interest is proving to be bad for business. After more than 40 years, the South Bay-based group is struggling.
Picard said a lack of interest across all demographics is making it difficult to keep board positions filled. He said older treasure hunters are moving on, and no one is coming to fill their spots.
"It's been like this for about a year now," he explained. "I'm just trying to keep it going."
With no one willing to take the lead, Picard said his options are limited.
"I think it's just because life is getting harder in the Bay Area," he said. "A lot of people spend a lot of time working, and then driving and sitting in traffic."
Like Picard, THSSCV members have jobs outside treasure hunting. These are jobs that make it tough to balance a time-consuming hobby like treasure hunting.
"I think we still have like 100 members, but there's only maybe 20 people who show up," Picard said.
The society holds monthly meetings where group members share what items they've uncovered.
Similar to treasure hunting, Picard hopes time will uncover hobbyists with a shared love for history, discover and archaeology.
This is a chance for those in Silicon Valley to try out a different piece of tech-- metal detectors.
If you'd like to check out THSSCV, click here.
societysan josesearchtreasure hunt
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Sahih Muslim : Book 41: The Book Pertaining to the Turmoil and Portents of the Last Hour (Kitab Al-Fitan wa Ashrat As-Sa`ah)
by AbdurRahman.org September 4, 2014 July 10, 2016
Translation of Sahih Muslim, Book 41:
The Book Pertaining to the Turmoil and Portents of the Last Hour (Kitab Al-Fitan wa Ashrat As-Sa`ah)
Book 041, Number 6881:
Zainab bint Jahsh reported that Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) got up from sleep saying: There is no god but Allah; there is a destruction in store for Arabia because of turmoil which is at hand, the barrier of Gog and Magog has opened so much. And Sufyan made a sign of ten with the help of his hand (in order to indicate the width of the gap) and I said: Allah’s Messenger, would we be perished in spite of the fact that there would be good people amongst us? Thereupon he said: Of course, but only when the evil predominates.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zainab bint Jahsh with a slight variation in the chain of transmitters.
Zainab bint Jahsh, the wife of Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him), reported that one day Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) came out in a state of excitement with his face quite red. And he was saying: There is no god but Allah; there is a destruction in store for Arabia beciuse of the turmoil which is near at hand as the barrier of Gog and Magog has been opened like it, and he (in order to explain it) made a ring with the help o his thumb and forefinger. I said: Allah’s Messenger, would we be destroyed despite the fact that there would be pious people amongst us? He said: Yes, when the evil would predominate.
This hadith has been narrated oil the authority of Zuhri with a different chain of transmitters.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: Today the wall (barrier) of Gog and Magog has been opened so much, and WUhaib (in order to explain it) made the figure of ninety with the help of his hand.
Chapter 2: THE SINKING OF AN ARMY IN THE EARTH WHICH WOULD ATTACK THE HOUSE
Harith b Abi Rabi’a and ‘Abdullah b. Safwan both went to Umm Salama, the Mother of the Faithful, and they asked her about the army which would be sunk in the earth, and this relates to the time when Ibn Zubair (was the governor of Mecca). She reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) had said that a seeker of refuge would seek refuge in the Sacred House and an army would be sent to him (in order to kill him) and when it would enter a plain ground, it would be made to sink. I said: Allah’s Messenger, what about him who would be made to accompany this army willy nilly? Thereupon he said: He would be made to sink along with them buf he would be raised on the Day of Resurrection on the basis of his intention. Abu Ja’far said. ‘ This plain, ground means the plain ground of Medina.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of ‘Abdullah b. Rufai, with the same chain of transmitters (but with the addition of these words):” When I met Abu Ja’far I told him that she (simply) meant the plain ground. Thereupon Abu Ja’far said: No, by God, she meant the plain ground of Medina.
Abdullah b. Safwan reported that Hafsa told him that she had heard Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: An army would attack this House in order to fight against the inhabitants of this House and when it would be at the plain ground the ranks in the centre of the army would be sunk and the vanguard would call the rear flanks of the army and they would also be sunk and no flank would be left except some people who would go to inform them (their kith and kin). A person (who had been listening to this badith from Abdullah b. Safwan) said: I bear testimony in regard to you that you are not imputing a lie to Hafsa. And I bear testimony to the fact that Hafsa is not telling a lie about Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him).
Abdullah b. Safwan reported the Mother of the Faithful as saying that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: They would soon seek protection in this House, viz. Ka’ba (the defenceless), people who would have nothing to protect themselves in the shape of weapons or the strength of the people. An army would be sent to fight (and kill) them and when they would enter a plain ground the army would be sunk in it. Yiisuf (one of the narrators) said: It was a people of Syria (hordes of Hajjaj) who had been on that day comin. towards Mecca for an attack (on ‘Abdulllah b. Zubair) and Abdullah b. Safwan said: By God, it does not imply this army.
‘A’isha reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) was startled in the state of sleep. We said: Allah’s Messenger, you have done something in the state of your sleep which you never did before, Thereupon he said: Strange it is that some, people of my Ummah would attack the House (Ka’ba) (for killing) a person who would belong to the tribe of the Quraish and he would try to seek protection in the House. And when they would reach the plain ground they would be sunk. We said: Allah’s Messenger, all sorts of people throng the path. Thereupon he said: Yes, there would be amongst them people who would come with definite designs and those who would come under duress and there would be travellers also, but they would all be destroyed through one (stroke) of destruction. though they would be raised in different states (on the Day of Resurrection). Allah would, however, raise them according to their intention.
Chapter 3: THE TURMOIL WOULD COME LIKE RAINFALL
Usama reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) climbed up a battlement amongst the battlements of Medina and then said: You do not see what I am seeing and I am seeing the places of turmoil between your houses as tile places of rainfall.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There will be soon a period of turmoil in which the one who sits will be better than one who stands and the one who stands will be better than one who walks and the one who walks will be better than one who runs. He who would watch them will be drawn by them. So he who finds a refuge or shelter against it should make it as his resort.
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Abu Huraira but with this variation of wording that in the hadith transmitted on the authority of Abu Bakr, there is an addition of these words:” There is a prayer among prayers (‘Asr) and one who misses it is as if his family and property have been ruined.”
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: There would be turmoil and the one who would sleep would be better than who would be awake and the one who would be awake would be better than one who would stand and one who would stand would be better than one who would run. So he who finds refuge or shelter should take that refuge or shelter.
Abu Bakra reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There would soon be turmoil. Behold! there would be turmoil in which the one who would be seated would be better than one who would stand and the one who would stand would be better than one who would run. Behold! when the turmoil comes or it appears, the one who has camel should stick to his camel and he who has sheep or goat should stick to his sheep and goat and he who has land should stick to the land. A person said: ‘Allah’s Messenger, what is your opinion about one who has neither camel nor sheep nor land? Thereupon, he said: He should take hold of his sword and beat its edge with the help of stone and then try to find a way of escape. O Allah, I have conveyed (Thy Message) ; O Allah, I have conveyed (Thy Message) ; O Allah, I have conveyed (Thy Message). A person said: Allah’s Messenger, what is your opinion it I am drawn to a rank in spite of myself, or in one of the groups and made to march and a man strikes with his sword or there comes an arrow and kills me? Thereupon he said: He will bear the punishment of his sin and that of yours and he would be one amongst the denizens of Hell.
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Waki’ with a slight variation of wording.
Chapter 4: WHEN TWO MUSLIMS CONFRONT EACH OTHER WITH SWORDS
Ahnaf b. Qais reported: I set out with the intention of helping this person (Hadrat ‘Ali) that Abu Bakra met me. He said: Ahnaf, where do you intend to go? I said: I intend to help the cousin of Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him), viz. ‘Ali. Thereupon he said to me: Ahnaf, go back, for I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: When two Muslims confront one another with swords (in hands) both the slayer and the slain would be in Fire. He (Ahnaf) said: I said, or it was said: Allah’s Messenger, it may be the case of one who kills. but what about the slain (why he would be put in Hell-Fire)? Thereupon he said: He also intended to kill his companion.
Ahnaf b. Qais reported on the authority of Abu Bakra that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: When two Muslims confront each other with their swords, both the slayer and the slain are doomed to Hell-Fire.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Hammad through another chain of transmitters.
Abu Bakra reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: When two Muslims (confront each other) and the one amongst them attacks his brother with a weapon, both of them are at the brink of Hell-Fire. And when one of them kills his companion, both of them get into Hell-Fire.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) many ahadith and one of them was this: The last Hour will not come until the two parties (of Muslims) confront each other and there is a large-scale massacre amongst them and the claim of both of them is the same.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The last Hour will not come unless there is much bloodshed. They said: What is harj? Thereupon he said: Bloodshed. bloodshed.
Chapter 5: THIS UMMAH WOULD BE DESTROYED BY KILLING ONE ANOTHER
Thauban reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Allah drew the ends of the world near one another for my sake. And I have seen its eastern and western ends. And the dominion of my Unimah would reach those ends which have been drawn near me and I have been granted the red and the white trea- sure and I begged my Lord for my Ummah that it should not be destroyed because of famine, nor be dominated by an enemy who is not amongst them to take their lives and destroy them root and branch, and my Lord said: Muhammad, whenever I make a decision, there is none to change it. Well, I grant you for your Ummah that it would not be destroyed by famine and it would not be dominated by an enemy who would not be amongst it and would take their lives and destroy them root and branch even if all the people from the different parts of the world join hands together (for this purpose), but it would be from amongst them, viz. your Ummah, that some people would kill the others or imprison the others.
Thauban reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said. Verily, Allah drew the ends of the world near me until I saw its cast and west an He bestowed upon me two treasures, the red and the white. The rest of the hadith is the same.
‘Amir b. Sa’d reported on the authority of his father that one day Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) came from a high, land. He passed by the mosque of Banu Mu’awiya, went in and observed two rak’ahs there and we also observed prayer along with him and he made a long supplication to his Lord. He then came to us and said: I asked my Lord three things and He has granted me two but has withheld one. I begged my Lord that my Ummah should not be destroyed because of famine and He granted me this. And I begged my Lord that my Ummah should not be destroyed by drowning (by deluge) and He granted me this. And I begged my Lord that there should be no bloodshed among the people of my Ummah. but He did not grant it.
Amir b. Sa’d reported on the authority of his father that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) came with a group of his Companions and he passed by the mosque of Banu Mu’awiya. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Chapter 6: THE EVENTS FORETOLD BY THE HOLY PROPHET (MAY PEACE BE UPON HIM) ABOUT THE LAST HOUR
Hudhaifa b. al-Yaman reported: By Allah, I have the best knowledge amongst people about every turmoil which is going to appear in the period intervening me and the Last Hour; and it is not for the fact that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) told me something confidentially pertaining to it and he did not tell anybody else about it, but it is because of the fact that I was present in the assembly in which he had been describing the turmoil. and he especially made a mention of three turmoils which would not spare anything and amongst these there would be turmoils like storms in the hot season. Some of them would be violent and some of them would be comparatively mild. Hudhaifa said: All (who were present) except I have gone (to the next world).
Hudhaifa reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) stood before us one day and he did not leave anything unsaid (that he had to say) at that very spot which would happen (in the shape of turmoil) up to the Last Hour. Those who had to remember them preserved them in their minds and those who could not remember them forgot them. My friends knew them and there are certain things which slip out of my mind, but I recapitulate them when anyone makes a mention of them just as a person is lost from one’s mind but is recalled to him on seeing his face.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of A’mash with the same chain of transmitters up to the words: And he forgot who had to forget that and. he did not make a mention of what follows after this.
Hudhaifa reported: Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) informed me of what is going to happen before the approach of the Last Hour. And there is nothing that I did not ask him in this connection except this that I did not ask him as to what would turn the people of Medina out from Medina.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Shu’ba with the same chain of transmitters.
Abu Zaid (viz. Amr b. Akhtab) reported: Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) led us in the dawn prayer and then mounted the pulpit and addressed us until it was (time for the) noon prayer. He then came down the pulpit and observed prayer and then again mounted the pulpit and again addressed us until it was time for the ‘Asr prayer. He then again came down and observed the prayer and again mointed the pulpit and addressed us until the sun was set and he informed (about) everything (pertaining to turmoil) that lay hidden in the past and what lies in (the womb) of) the future and the most learned amongst us is one who remembers them well
Chapter 7: THE TURMOIL WOULD GO LIKE THE MOUNTING WAVES OF THE OCEAN
Hudhaifa repotted: We were one day in the company of ‘Umar that he said: Who amongst you has preserved in his mind most perfectly the hadith of Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) in regard to the turmoil as he told about it? I said: It is I. Thereupon he said: You are bold (enough to make this claim). And he further said: How? I said: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There would (first) be turmoil for a person in regard to his family, his property, his own self, his children, his neighbours (and the sins comnaitted in their connection) would be expiated by fasting, prayer, charity, enjoining good and prohibiting evil. Thereupon ‘Umar said: I do not mean (that turmoil on a small scale) but that one which would eme-ge like the mounting waves of the ocean. I said: Commander of the Faithful, you have nothing to do with it, for the door is closed between you and that. He said: Would that door be broken or opened? I said: No, it would be broken. Thereupon he said: Then it would not be closed despite best efforts. We said to Hudhaifa: Did Umar know the door? Thereupon he said: Yes, he knew it (for certain) just as one knows that night precede the next day. And I narrated to him something in which there was nothing fabricated. Shaqiq (one of the narrators) said: We dared not ask Hudhaifa about that door. So we requested Masrdq to ask him. So he asked him and he said: (By that door, he meant) ‘Umar.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Hudhaifa through other chains of transmitters also.
Hudhaifa reported that Umar said: Who would narrate to us (the ahadith pertaining to turmoil) and he reported a badith similar to these ahadith.
Jundub reported: I came on the day of Jara’a that a person was (found) sitting. I said: They would shed their blood today. That person said: By Allah. not at all. I said: By Allah, of course, they would do it. He said: By Allah, they would not do it. I said: By Allah, of course, they would do it. He said: By Allah, they would not do it, and I have heard a hadith of Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) which I am narrating to you in this connection. I said: You are a bad seat fellow. I have been opposing you since morning and you are listening to me in spite of the fact that you have heard a hadith from Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) (contrary to ray statement). I myself felt that there was no use of this annoyance. (He could tell me earlier that it was a hadith of the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him], and I would not have opposed him at all.) I turned my face toward him and asked him and he was Hadrat Hudhaifa.
Chapter 8: THE LAST HOUR WOULD NOT COME UNTIL THE EUPIIRATES UNCOVERS A TREASURE OF GOLD
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would not come before the Euphrates uncovers a mountain of gold, for which people would fight. Ninety-nine out of each one hundred would die but every man amongst them would say that perhaps he would be the one who would be saved (and thus possess this gold).
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Suhail with the same chain of transmitters but with this addition:” My father said: If you see that, do not even go near it.”
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would not come unless the Euphrates would uncover a treasure of gold, so he who finds it should not take anything out of that.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Euphrates would soon uncover a mountain of gold but he who is present there should not take anything from that.
‘Abdullah b. Harith b. Naufal reported: I was standing along with Ubayy b. Ka, b and he said: The opinions of the people differ in regard to the achievement of worldly ends. I said: Yes, of course. Thereupon he said: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Euphrates would soon uncover a mountain of gold and when the people would bear of it they would flock towards it but the people who would possess that (treasure) (would say): If we allow these persons to take out of it they would take away the whole of it. So they would fight and ninety-nine out of one hundred would be killed. Abu Kamil in his narration said: I and Abu Ka’b stood under the shade of the battlement of Hassan.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Iraq would withhold its dirhams and qafiz; Syria would withhold its mudd and dinar and Egypt would withhold its irdab and dinar and you would recoil to that position from where you started and you would recoil to that position from where you started and you would recoil to that position from where you started, the bones and the flesh of Abu Huraira would bear testimony to it.
Chapter 9: PERTAINING TO THE CONQUEST OF CONSTANTINOPLE AND THE APPEARANCE OF THE DAJJAL AND DESCENT OF JESUS SON OF MARY (JESUS CHRIST)
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would not come until the Romans would land at al-A’maq or in Dabiq. An army consisting of the best (soldiers) of the people of the earth at that time will come from Medina (to counteract them). When they will arrange themselves in ranks, the Romans would say: Do not stand between us and those (Muslims) who took prisoners from amongst us. Let us fight with them; and the Muslims would say: Nay, by Allah, we would never get aside from you and from our brethren that you may fight them. They will then fight and a third (part) of the army would run away, whom Allah will never forgive. A third (part of the army). which would be constituted of excellent martyrs in Allah’s eye, would be killed ani the third who would never be put to trial would win and they would be conquerors of Constantinople. And as they would be busy in distributing the spoils of war (amongst themselves) after hanging their swords by the olive trees, the Satan would cry: The Dajjal has taken your place among your family. They would then come out, but it would be of no avail. And when they would come to Syria, he would come out while they would be still preparing themselves for battle drawing up the ranks. Certainly, the time of prayer shall come and then Jesus (peace be upon him) son of Mary would descend and would lead them in prayer. When the enemy of Allah would see him, it would (disappear) just as the salt dissolves itself in water and if he (Jesus) were not to confront them at all, even then it would dissolve completely, but Allah would kill them by his hand and he would show them their blood on his lance (the lance of Jesus Christ).
Chapter 10: THE LAST HOUR WOULD COME WHEN THE ROMANS WOULD HAVE THE MAXIMUM POPULATION
Mustaurid al-Qurashi reported: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would come (when) the Romans would form a majority amongst people. ‘Amr said to him (Mustaurid Qurashi): See what you are saying? He said: I say what I heard from Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him). Thereupon he said: If you say that, it is a fact for they have four qualities. They have the patience to undergo a trial and immediately restore themselves to sanity after trouble and attack again after flight. They (have the quality) of being good to the destitute and the orphans, to the weak and, fifthly, the good quality in them is that they put resistance against the oppression of kings.
Mustaurid Qurashi reported: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would come when the Romans would form a majority amongst people. This reached ‘Amr b. al-‘As and he said: What are these ahadith which are being transmitted from you and which you claim to have heard from Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him)? Mustaurid said to him: I stated only that which I heard from Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him). Thereupon ‘Amr said: If you state this (it is true), for they have the power of tolerance amongst people at the time of turmoil and restore themselves to sanity after trouble, and are good amongst people so far as the destitute and the weak are concerned.
Chapter 11: THERE WOULD BE MUCH BLOODSHED AMONG ROMANS AT THE TIME OF THE APPEARANCE OF THE DAJJAL
Yusair b. Jabir reported: Once there blew a red storm in Kufah that there came a person who had nothing to say but (these words): Abdullah b. Mas’ud, the Last Hour has come. He (‘Abdullah b. Mas’ud) was sitting reclining against something, and he said: The Last Hour would not come until the people divide in- heritance and rejoice over booty, and then said pointing towards Syria, with the gesture of his hand like this: The enemy shall muster strength against Muslims and the Muslims will muster strength against them (Syrians). I said: You mean Rome? And he said: Yes, and there would be a terrible fight and the Muslims would prepare a detachment (for fighting unto death) which would not return but victorious. They will fight until night will intervene them; both the sides will return without being victorious and both will be wiped out. The Muslims will again prepare a detachment for fighting unto death so that they may not return but victorious. When it would be the fourth day, a new detachment out of the remnant of the Muslims would be prepared and Allah will decree that the enemy should be routed. And they would fight such a fight the like of which would not be seen, so much so that even if a bird were to pass their flanks, it would fall down dead before reaching the end of them. (There would be such a largescale massacre) that when counting would be done, (only) one out of a hundred men related to one another would be found alive. So what can be the joy at the spoils of such war and what inheritance would be divided! They would be in this very state that they would hear of a calamity more horrible than this. And a cry would reach them: The Dajjil has taken your place among your off- spring. They will, therefore, throw away what would be in their hands and go forward sending ten horsemen, as a scouting party. Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: I know their names and the names of their forefathers and the colour of their horses. They will be best horsemen on the surface of the earth on that day or amongst the best horsemen on the surface of the earth on that day.
Jabir reported: I was in the company of Ibn Mas’ud that there blew a red storm. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Jabir reported: I was in the house of ‘Abdullah b. Mas’ud and the house was fully packed that a red storm blew in Kufah.
Chapter 12: THE CONQUESTS OF THE MUSLIMS BEFORE THE APPEARANCE OF THE DAJJAL
Nafi’ b. Utba reported: We were with Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) in an expedition that there came a people to Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) from the direction of the west. They were dressed in woollen clothes and they stood near a hillock and they met him as Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) was sitting. I said to myself: Better go to them and stand between him and them that they may not attack him. Then I thought that perhaps there had been going on secret negotiation amongst them. I however, went to them and btood between them and him and I remember four of the words (on that occasion) which I repeat (on the fingers of my hand) that he (Allah’s Messenger) said: You will attack Arabia and Allah will enable you to conquer it, then you would attack Persia and He would make you to Conquer it. Then you would attack Rome and AllgLh will enable you to conquer it, then you would attack the Dajjal and Allah will enable you to conquer him. Nafi’ said: Jabir, we thought that the Dajjal would appear after Rome (Syrian territory) would be conquered.
Chapter 13: THE SIGNS BEFORE THE APPROACH OF THE LAST HOUR
Hudhaifa b. Usaid Ghifari reported: Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) came to us all of a sudden as we were (busy in a discussion). He said: What do you discuss about? They (the Companions) said. We are discussing about the Last Hour. Thereupon he said: It will not cone until you see ten signs before and (in this connection) he made a mention of the smoke, Dajjal, the beast, the rising of the sun from the west, the descent of Jesus son of Mary (Allah be pleased with him), the Gog and Magog, and land-slidings in three places, one in the east, one in the west and one in Arabia at the end of which fire would burn forth from the Yemen, and would drive people to the place of their assembly.
Hudhaifa b. Usaid reported: Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) was in an apartment and we were beneath that that he peeped in and said to us: What are you discussing about? We said: (We are discussing about the Last) Hour. Thereupon he said: The Last Hour would not come until the ten signs dppear: land-sliding in the east, and land-sliding in the west, and land-sliding in the peninsula of Arabia, the smoke, the Dajjal, the beast of the earth, Gog and Magog, the rising of the sun from the west and the fire which would emit from the lower part of ‘Adan. Shu’ba said that ‘Abd al-‘Aziz b. Rufai’ reported on the authority of Abu Tufail who reported on the authority of Abu Sariha a hadith like this that Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) did not make a mention of (the tenth sign) but he said that out of the ten one was the descent of Jesus Christ, son of Mary (peace be upon him), and in another version it is theb lowing of the violent gale which would drive the people to the ocean.
Abu Sariha reported: Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) was in an (upper) apartment and we were standing lower to him and discussing (about the Last Hour). The rest of the hadith is the same, and Shu’ba said: I think he also said these words: The fire would descend along with them where they would land and where they would take rest (during midday (it would also cool down for a while). Shu’ba said: This hadith has been transmitted to me through Abu Tufail and Abu Sariha and none could trace it back directly to Allah’s Apostle (may peace b.. upon him). However, there is a mention of the descent of Jesus Christ son of Mary in one version and in the other there is a mention of the blowing of a violent would drive them to the ocean.
Abu Sariha reported: We were discussing the Last Hour) that Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) looked towards us. The rest of the hadith is the same and the tenth (sign) was the descent of Jesus Christ son of Mary, and Shu’ba said: ‘Abd al-‘Aziz did not trace it directly to Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him).
Chapter 14: THE LAST HOUR WOULD NOT COME UNTIL THE FIRE EMITS FROM THE EARTH OF HIJAZ
Abu Huraira reported that Allah’s Messenger may peace be upon him) said: The Last Hour would not come until fire emits from the earth of Hijaz which would illuminate the necks of the camels of the Busra.
Abu Huraira reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: (The Last Hour would not come) until the habitations of Medina would extend to Ihab or Yahab. Zubair said: I said to Suhail how far these were from Medina. He said: So and so miles.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The famine would not break otit because of drought, but there would be famine despite heavy rainfall as nothing would grow from the earth.
Ibn ‘Umar reported that he heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying (in a state) that he had turned his face towards the east: Behold, turmoil would appear from this side, from where the horns of Satan would appear.
Ibn ‘Umar reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) stood by the door (of the apartment of) gafsa and, pointing towards the east, he said: The turmoil would appear from this side, viz. where the horns of Satan would appear, and he uttered these words twice or thrice and Ubaidullah b. Sa’ld in his narration said. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) had been standing by the door of ‘A’isha.
Salim b. Abdullah reported on the authority of his father that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him), while turning his face towards the east, said: The turmoil would appear from this side; verily, the turmoil would appear from this side; verily, the turmoil. would appear from this side-the side where appear the horns of Satan.
Ibn Umar reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) came out from the house of ‘A’isha and said: It would be from this side that there would appear the height of unbelief, viz. where appear the horns of Satan. i. e. cast.
Ibn Umar reported: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying while pointing his hands towards the east: The turmoil would appear from this side; verily, the turmoil would appear from this side (he repeated it thrice) where appear the horns of Satan.
Ibn Fudail reported on the authority of his father that he heard Salim b. ‘Abdullah b. ‘Umar as saying: O people of Iraq, how strange it is that you ask about the minor sins but commit major sins? I heard from my father ‘Abdullah b. ‘Umar, narrating that he heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying while pointing his hand towards the east: Verily. the turmoil would come from this side, from where appear the horns of Satan and you would strike the necks of one another; and Moses killed a person from among the people of Pharaoh unintentionally and Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, said:” You killed a person but We relieved you from the grief and tried you with (many a) trial” (xx. 40). Ahmad b. Umar reported this hadith from Salim, but he did not make a mention of the words:” I heard”.
Chapter 15: THE LAST HOUR WOULD NOT COME UNTIL THE WOMEN OF THE TRIBE OF DAUS WOULD GO ROUND DHI AL-KHALASA
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would not come until the women of the tribe of Daus would be seen going round Dhi al-Khalasa (for worship) and Dhi al-Khalasa is a place in Tabala, where there was a temple in which the people of the tribe of Daus used to worship the idol.
‘A’isha reported: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The (system) of night and day would not end until the people have taken to the worship of Lat and ‘Uzza. I said: Allah’s Messenger, I think when Allah has revealed this verse:” He it is Who has sent His Messenger with right guidance, and true religion, so that He may cause it to prevail upon all religions, though the polytheists are averse (to it)” (ix. 33), it implies that (this promise) is going to be fulfilled. Thereupon he (Allah’s Apostle) said: It would happen as Allah would like. Then Allah would send the sweet fragrant air by which everyone who has even a mustard grain of faith in Him would die and those only would survive who would have no goodness in them. And they would revert to the religion of their forefathers.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Ja’far with the same chain of transmitters.
Chapter 16: THE LAST HOUR WOULD NOT COME UNTIL A PERSON WOULD PASS BY A GRAVE AND WISH THAT HE SHOULD HAVE BEEN THE OCCUPANT OF THAT GRAVE BECAUSE OF THIS CALAMITY
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would not come until a person would pass by a grave of another person and he would say: I wish it had been my abode.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: By Him, in Whose hand is my life, the world would not come to an end until a person would pass by a grave, would roll over it and express the desire that he should be in the place of the occupant of that grave not because of religious reasons but because of this calamity.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: By Him in Whose Hand is my life, a time would come when the murderer would not know why he has committed the murder, and the victim would not know why he has been killed.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The world would not come to an end until a day would come to the people on which the murderer would not know as to why he has killed and the slain would not know as to why he has been murdered. It would be said: Why would It happen? To which he replied: It would be because of general massacre and bloodshed. And the slaughterers and the slain would be in Fire, and in the narration of Ibn Aban, the name of Abu Isma’il has been mentioned.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Ka’ba would be destroyed by an Abyssinian having two small shanks.
(The above mentioned) hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira through another chain of transmitters.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: It would be an Abyssinian having two small shanks who would destroy the House ol Allah, the Exalted and Glorious.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messengar (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would not come before a person of Qahtan comes forth driving people with his stick.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The day and the night would not come to an end before a man called al-Jahjah would occupy the throne.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would not come unless you fight with people whose faces are like hammered shields and the Last Hour would not come until you would fight against those wearing the shoes of hair.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would not come until a people wearing shoes of hair fight against you having their faces like hammered shields.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would not come until you fight with a people wearing shoes of hair and the Last Hour would not come until you fight with a people having small eyes and broad snub noses.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would not come until the Muslims fight with the Turks-a people whose faces would be like hammered shields wearing clothes of hair and walking (with shoes) of hair.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: You shall fight in the hours to come against a nation wearing shoes made of hair and faces like hammered shields, with red complexion and small eyes.
Abu Nadra reported:” We were in the company of Jabir b. ‘Abdulldh that he said it may happen that the people of Iraq may not send their qafiz and dirhams (their measures of food stuff and their money). We said: Who would be respolisible for it? He said: The non_Arabs would prevt them. He again said: There is the possibility that the people of Syria may not send their dinar and mudd. We said: Who would be responsible for it? He said This prevention would be made by the Romans. He (Jabir b. Abdullab) kept quiet for a while and then reported Allah’, s Messengdt (may peas be upon him) having said There would be a caliph in the last (period) of my Ummah who would freely give handfuls of wealth to thd people wiothout counting it. I said to Abu Nadra and Abu al-‘Ala: DO you mean ‘Umarb. ‘Abd al-Aziz? They said: No (he would be Imam Mahdi.).
This hadith hab been narrated by Sa’id with the same chain of transmitters.
Abu Sa’id reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace he upon him) I said: There would be amongest your caliphs a caliph who would give handfuls of wealth to the, but wbuld not count it. In. the narration transmitted on the authority of Ibn Hujr, there is a slight variation of wording.
Abu Sa’id and Jabir b. Abdullah reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: There would be in the last phase of the time a caliph who would distribute wealth but would not count.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Sa’id through another chain of transmitters.
Abu Sa’id Khudri reported: One who Is better than I informed me, that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to ‘Ammar as he was digging the ditch (on the ocasion of the Battle of the Ditch) wiping over his head: O son of Summayya you will be involved in trouble and a group of the rebels would kill you.
This hadith has been transmitted on the same authority but with this variation that the hadith trarismitted on the authority of Nabra (the words are): One Who is better than I informed me, and he was Abu Qatatda, and in the hadith transmitted on the authority of Khalid instead of the word ‘bu_us’ there is ‘dys’ or ‘yadis’, i. e.:” how sad it is”.
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Umm Salama that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to ‘Ammar: A group of rebels would kill you.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Umm Salam through another chain of transmitters.
Unmm Salama reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: A band of rebels would kill ‘Ammar.
Abu Huraira reported that Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: This tribe of the Quraish would kill (people) of wy Ummah. They (the Companions) said: What us to do (in such a situations)? Thereupon he said: Would that the people remain aside from them (and not besmear their hand with the blood of the Muslim).
Abu Huraira reported that Allh’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: (Khusrau king of Persia) would die and Qaisar (Ceasar King of Rome) would die; there would be no Qaisar after him, but, by one in Whose Hand is my life, you would spend their treasures in the cause of Allah.
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Zuhri.
Hammam b. Munabbih reported: This is what Abu Huraira reported from Allah’s messenger (may peace be upon him) and in this connection he reported so many hadith (and one of them was this): Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Kisra would die and then there would be no Kisra after him. Qaisar would die and there would be no Qaisar after him, but you will distribute their threasuers in thecause of Allah.
Jabir b. Samura reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: When Kisra would die there would be no Kisra after him; the rest of the hadith is the same as Abu Huraira reported.
Jabir b. Samura reported: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) (as sayingt There would lie open for a group of Muslims, or for a group of believers, the treasures of the family of Kisra which would be in the whit (palace). In a version of Qutaiba there is definitely the word” Muslim”.
Jabir b. Samura reported: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) a hadith like this.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Apostle (may peace he upon him) saying: You have heard about a city the one side of which is in the land and the other is in the sea (Constantinople). They said: Allall’s Messenger, yes. Thererupon he said: The Last Hour would not cmoe unlesss seventy thousand persons from Bani lsra’il would attack it. When they would land there, they will neither fight with weapons nor would shower arrows but would only say:” There is no god but Allah and Allah is the Greatest,” that one side of it would fall. Thaur (one of the narrators) said: I think that he said: The part by the side of the ocean. Then they would say for the second time:” There is no god but Allah and Allah is the Greatest” that the second side would also fall, and they would say:” There is no god but Allah and Allah is the Greatest,” that the gates would be opened for them and they would enter therein and, they would be collecting spoils of war and distributing them amongst themselves that a noise would be heard and It would be said: Verily, Dajjal has come. And thus they would leave everything there and would turn to him.
Thaur b. Zaid has narrated this hadith with the same chain of transmitters.
Ibn ‘Umar reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: You will fight against the Jews and you will kill them until even a stone would say: Come here, Muslim, there is a Jew (hiding himself behind me) ; kill him.
Ubaidullah has reported this hadith with this chain of transmitters (and the Words are):” There is a Jew behind me.”
Abdullah b. ‘Umar reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: You and the Jews would fight against one another until a stone would say: Muslim, here is a Jew behind me; come and kill him.
Abdullah b. ‘Umar reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: The Jews will fight against you and you will gain victory over them until the stone would say: Muslim, here is a Jew behind me; kill him.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The last hour would not come unless the Muslims will fight against the Jews and the Muslims would kill them until the Jews would hide themselves behind a stone or a tree and a stone or a tree would say: Muslim, or the servant of Allah, there is a Jew behind me; come and kill him; but the tree Gharqad would not say, for it is the tree of the Jews.
Jabir b. Samura reported: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Before the Last Hour there would be many liars, and there is an addition in the badith transmitted on the authority of Abu Ahwas of these words:” I said to him: Did you hear it from Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him)? He said: Yes.”
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Simak with the same chain of transmitters. and Simak said: I heard my brother say that jabir had stated: Be on your guard against them.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would not come until there would arise about thirty impostors, liars, and each one of them would claim that he is a messenger of Allah.
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Abu Huraira with a slight variation of wording.
Chapter 17: STORY OF IBN SAYYAD
‘Abdullah reported: We were along with Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) that we happened to pass by children amongst whom there was Ibn Sayyad. The children made their way but Ibn Sayyad kept sitting there (and it seemed) as if Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) did not like it (his sitting with the children) and said to him: May your nose he besmeared with dust, don’t you bear testimony to the fact that I am the Messenger of Allah? Thereupon he said: No, but you should bear testimony that I am the messenger of Allah. Thereupon ‘Umar b. Khattab said: Allah’s Messenger, permit me that I should kill him. Thereupon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: If he is that person who is in your mind (Dajjal ), you will not be able to kill him.
‘Abdullah reported: We were walking with Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) that Ibn Sayyad happened to pass by him. Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to him: I have concealed for you (something to test you, so tell me that). He said: It is Dukh. Thereupon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to him: Be off. You cannot get farther than your rank, whereupon ‘Umar said: Allah’s Messenger, permit me to strike his neck. Thereupon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Leave him; if he is that one (Dajjal) whom you apprehend, you will not be able to kill him.
Abu Sa’id reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) met him (Ibn Sayyad) and so did Abu Bakr and ‘Umar on some of the roads of Medina. Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Do you bear testimony to the fact that I am the Messenger of Allah? Thereupon he said: Do you bear testimony to the fact that I am the messenger of Allah? Thereupon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: I affirm my faith in Allah and in His Angels and in His Books, and what do you see? He said: I see the throne over water. Whereupon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: You see the throne of Iblis upon the water, and what else do you see? He said: I see two truthfuls and a liar or two liars and one truthful. Thereupon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Leave him He has been confounded.
Jabir b ‘Abdullah reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) met Ibn Sa’id (Sayyad) and there were with him Abu Bakr and ‘Umar and Ibn Sayyad was in the company of children. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Abu Sa’id reported: I accompanied Ibn Sayyad to Mecca and he said to me: What I have gathered from people is that theu think that I am Dajjal. Have you not hearde Allah’s Messenger (may peace upon him) as saying: He will have no no children, I said: Yes, of course. Thereupon he said: But I have children. Have you not heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: He would not enter Mecca and Medina? I said: Yes, of course. Thereupon he said I have been once in Medina and now I intend to go to Mecca. And he said to me at the end of his talk: By Allah: I know his place of birth his abode where he is just now. He (Abu Sa’id) said: This caused confusion in my mind (in regard to his identity).
Abu Sa’id Khudri reported: Ibn Sa’id said to me somethhing for which I felt ashamed. He said: I can excuse others; but what has gone wrong with you, O Companions of Muhammad, that you take me as Dajjal? Has Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) not said that he would be a Jew whereas I am a Muslim and he also said that he would not have children, whereas I have children, and he also said: veryly, Allah has prohibited him to enter Mecca whereas I have performed Pilgrimage, atid. he went on saying this that I was about to be impressed by his tallk. He (however) said this also: I know where he (Dajjal) is and I know his father abd I mother, and it was said to him: Won’t you feel pleased if you would be the same person? Thereupon he said: If this offer is made to me, I would noT resent that.
Abu Sa’id Khudri reported: We came back after having pewrformed Pilgrimage or ‘Umra and lbn Sa’id was along with us. And w, e encamped at a place and the people dispersed and I and he were left behind. I felt terribly frightend from him as it was said about him that he was the Dajjal. He brought his goods and placed them by my luggage and I said: It is intense heat. Would you not place that under that tree? And he did that. Then ther appeared before us a flock of sheep. He went and brought a cup of milk and said: Abu Sa’id, drink that. I said it is intense heat and the milk is also hot (whereas the fact was) that I did not like to drink from his hands or to opr to take it from his hand and he said: Abu Sa’id, I think that I should take a rope and suspend it by the tree and then coimmit sucide because of the talks of the people, and he furtlier said. Abu Sa’id he who is ingnoran of the saying of Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) (he is to be pardoned), but O people of Ansar, is this hadith of Allah’s Messengern (may peace be upon him) concealed from you whereas you have the best konowledge of t this hadith of Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) amongst people? Did Allalt’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) not say that he (Dajjal) would be a non believer whereas I am a believer? did Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) not say he would be barren and no child would be born to hirn, whereas I have left my children in Medina? Did Allh’s Messenger (may peace upon him) not say: He would not get into Medina and Mecca whereas I have been coming from Medina and now I intend to go to Mecca? Abu Sa’id said: I was about to accept the excuse put forward by him. that he said: I know the place where he would be born and where he is now. So I said to him: May your whole dayb be spent
This hadith has transmitted on the authority of Abu Sa’id that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) asked Ibn Sa’id about the earth of Paradise. Thereupon he said: Abu’l-Qasim, It is like a fine white musk, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: ‘You have told the the truth.
Abu Sa’id reported that Ibn Sayyad asked Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) about the earth of Paradise. Whereupon he said: It is like white shining pure musk.
‘Muhammad b. Munkadir reported: As I saw Jabir b. ‘Abdullah taking an oath in the name of Allah that it was Ibn Sa’id who was the Dajjal I said: Do you take an oath in the name of Allah? Thereupon he said: I heard ‘Umar taking an oath in the presence of Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) to this effect but Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) did not disapprove of it.
‘Abdullah b. Umar reported: ‘Umar b. Khattab went along with Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) in the company of some persons toIbn Sayyad that he found him playing with children near the bettlement of Bani Maghala and Ibn Sayyad was at that time just at the threshold of adolescence and he did not perceive (the presence of Holy Prophet) until Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) struck his back with his hands. Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Ibn Sayyad, don’t you bear witness that I am the messenger of Allah? Ibn Sayyad looked toward him and he said: I bear witness to the fact that you the messenger of the unlettered. Ibn Sayyad said to the Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him): Do you bear witness to the fact that I am the messenger of Allah? Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) rejected this and said: I affirm my faith in Allah and in His messengers. Then Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to him: What do you see? Ibn Sayyad said: It us a Dukh. Thereupon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: May you be disgraced and dishonoured, you would not not be able to go beyond your rank. ‘Umar b. Khattab said: Allah’s Messenger, permit me that I should strike his neck. Therupon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: If he is the same (Dajjal) who would appear near the Last Hour, you would not be able to overpower him, and he is not that ther is no good for you to kill him. ‘Abdullah b. ‘Umar further narrated that after some time Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) and Ubayy b. Ka’b went towards the palm trees where Ibn Sayyad was. When Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) went near the tree he hid himself behind a tree with the intention of hearing something from Ibn sayyad before Ibn Sayyad could see him, but Allah’s Messenger (may pcxce be upon him) saw him on a bed with a blanket around him from which a murmuring sound was being heard and Ibn Sayyad’s mother saw Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) behind the trunk of the palm tree. She said to Ibn Sayyad: Saf (that being his name), here is Muhammad. Thereupon Ibn Sayyad jumped up murmuring and Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: If she had left him alone he would have made things clear. Abdullah b. Umar told that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) stood up amongst the people and lauded Allah as He deserved, then he made a mention of the Dajjal and said: I warn you of him and there is no Prophet who has not warned his people against the Dajjal. Even Noah warned (against him) but I am going to tell you a thing which no Prophet told his people. You must know that he (the Dajjal) is one-eyed and Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, is not one-eyed. Ibn Shihab said: ‘Umar b. Thabit al-Ansari informed me that some of the Companions of Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) informed him that the day when Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) warned people against the Dajjal, he also said: There would be written between his two eyes (the word) Kafir (infidel) and everyone who would resent his deeds would be able to read or every Muslim would be about to read, and he also said: Bear this thing in mind that none amongst you would be able to see Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, until he dies.
Abdullah b. Umar reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) went along with him in the company of some persons and there was Umar b. Khattab also amongst them till they saw Ibn Sayyad as a young boy just on the threshold of adolescence playing with children near the battlement of Bani Mu’awiya; the rest of the hadith is the same but with these concluding words:” Had his mother left him (to murmur) his matter would have become clear.”
Ibn ‘Umar reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) happened to pass by Ibn Sayyad along with his Companions including ‘Umar b. Khattab as he was playing with children near the battlement of Bani Maghala and he was also a child by that time. The rest of the hadith is the same as narrated by Ibn Umar (in which there is a mention of) setting out of Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) along with Ubayy b. Ka’b towards the date-palm trees.
Nafi’ reported that Ibn ‘Umar met Ibn Si’id on some of the paths of Medina and he said to him a word which enraged him and he was so much swollen with anger that the way was blocked. Ibn ‘Umar went to Hafsa and informed her about this. Thereupon she said: May Allah have mercy upon you, why did you incite Ibn Sayyad in spite of the fact that you knew it would be the extreme anger which would make Dajjal appear in the world?
Nafi’ reported that Ibn ‘Umar said: I met lbn Sayyad twice and said to some of them (his friends): You state that it was he (the Dajjal). He said: By Allah, it is not so. I said: You have not told me the truth; by Allah some of you informed me that he would not die until he would have the largest number of offspring and huge wealth and it is he about whom it is thought so. Then Ibn Sayyad talked to us. I then departed and met him again for the second time and his eye had been swollen. I said: What has happened to your eye? He said: I do not know. I said: This is in your head and you do not know about it? He said: If Allah so wills He can create it (eye) in your staff. He then produced a sound like the braying of a donkey. Some of my companions thought that I had struck him with the staff as he was with me that the staff broke into pieces, but, by Allah, I was not conscious of it. He then came to the Mother of the Faithful (Hafsa) and narrated it to her and she said: What concern you have with him? Don’t you know that Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) said that the first thing (by the incitement of which) he would come out before the public would be his anger?
Chapter 18: ACCOUNT OF THE DAJJAL AND HIS FEATURES AND WHAT WOULD BE ALONG WITH HIM
Ibn Umar reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him). made a mention of Dajjil in the presence of the people and said: Allah is not one-eyed and behold that Dajjal is blind of the right eye and his eye would be like a floating grape.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn ‘Umar through another chain of transmitters.
Anas b. Malik reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: There is never a prophet who has not warned the Ummah of that one-eyed liar; behold he is one-eyed and your Lord is not one-eyed. On his forehead are the letters k f. r. (Kafir).
Anas b. Malik reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: There would be written three letters k. f. r., i. e. Kafir, between the eyes of the Dajjal.
Anas b. Malik reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Dajjal is blind of one eye and there is written between his eyes the word” Kafir”. He then spelled the word as k. f. r., which every Muslim would be able to read.
Hudhalfa reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Dajjal is blind of left eye with thick hair and there would be a garden and fire with him and his fire would be a garden and his garden would be fire.
Hudhaifa reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: the Dajjal would have with him water and fire and his fire would bays the effect of cold water and his water would have the effect of fire, so don’t put yourself to ruin. Abu Mas’ud reported: I also heard it from Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him).
‘Uqba b. ‘Amr Abu Mas’ud al-Ansari reported: I went to Hudhaifa b. Yaman and said to him: Narrate what you have heard from Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) pertaining to the Dajjal. He said that the Dajjal would appear and there would be along with him water ant fire and what the people would see as water that would be fire and that would burn and what would appear as fire that would be water and any one of you who would see that should plunge in that which he sees as fire for it would be sweet, pure water, and ‘Uqba said: I also heard it, testifying Hudhaifa.
Hudhaifa and Ibn Mas’ud met together. Hudhaifa said: I know more than you as to what there would be along with the Dajjal. There would be along with him two canals (one flowing with water) and the other one (having) fire (within it), and what you would see as fire would be water and what you would see as water would be fire. So he who amongst you is able to see that and is desirous of water should drink out of that which he sees as fire.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: May I not inform you about the Dajjal what no Apostle of Allah narrated to his people? He would be blind and he would bring along with him an Image of Paradise and Hell-Fire and what he would call as Paradise that would be Hell-Fire and I warn you as Noah warned his people.
An-Nawwas b. Sam’an reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) made a mention of the Dajjal one day in the morning. He sometimes described him to be insignificant and sometimes described (his turmoil) as very significant rand we felt) as if he were in the cluster of the date-palm trees. When we went to him (to the Holy Prophet) in the evening and he read (the signs of fear) in our faces, he said: What is the matter with you? We said: Allah’s Messenger, you made a mention of the Dajjal in the morning (sometimes describing him) to be insignificant and sometimes very important, until we began to think as if he were present in some (near) part of the cluster of the datpalm trees. Thereupon he said: I harbour fear in regard to you in so many other things besides the Dajjal. If he comes forth while I am among on, I shall contend with him on your behalf, but if he comes forth while I am not amongst you, a man must contend on his own behalf and Allah would take care of every Muslim on my behalf (and safeguard him against his evil). He (Dajjal) would be a young man with twisted, contracted hair, and a blind eye. I compare him to ‘Abd-ul-‘Uzza b. Qatan. He who amongst you would survive to see him should recite over him the opening verses of Sura Kahf (xviii.). He would appear on the way between Syria and Iraq and would spread mischief right and left. O servant of Allah! adhere (to the path of Truth). We said: Allah’s Messenger, how long would he stay on the earth? He said.. For forty days, one day like a year and one day like a month and one day like a week and the rest of the days would be like your days. We said: Allah’s Messenger, would one day’s prayer suffice for the prayers of day equal to one year? Thereupon he said: No, but you must make an estimate of time (and then observe prayer). We said: Allah’s Messenger, how quickly would he walk upon the earth? Thereupon he said: Like cloud driven by the wind. He would come to the people and invite them (to a wrong religion) and they would affirm their faith in him and respond to him. He would then give command to the sky and there would be rainfall upon the earth and it would grow crops. Then in the evening, their posturing animals would come to them with their humps very high and their udders full of milk and their flanks stretched. He would then come to another people and invite them. But they would reject him and he would go away from them and there would be drought for them and nothing would be lef t with them in the form of wealth.
He would then walk through the waste, land and say to it: Bring forth your treasures, and the treasures would come out and collect (themselves) before him like the swarm of bees. He would then call a person brimming with youth and strike him with the sword and cut him into two pieces and (make these pieces lie at a distance which is generally) between the archer and his target. He would then call (that young man) and he will come forward laughing with his face gleaming (with happiness) and it would at this very time that Allah would send Christ, son of Mary, and he will descend at the white minaret in the eastern side of Damscus wearing two garments lightly dyed with saffron and placing his hands on the wings of two Angels. When he would lower his head, there would fall beads of perspiration from his head, and when he would raise it up, beads like pearls would scatter from it. Every non-believer who would smell the odour of his self would die and his breath would reach as far as he would be able to see. He would then search for him (Dajjal) until he would catch hold of him at the gate of Ludd and would kill him. Then a people whom Allah had protected would come to Jesus, son of Mary, and he would wipe their faces and would inform them of their ranks in Paradise and it would be under such conditions that Allah would reveal to Jesus these words: I have brought forth from amongst My servants such people against whom none would be able to fight; you take these people safely to Tur, and then Allah would send Gog and Magog and they would swarm down from every slope. The first of them would pass the lake of Tibering and drink out of it. And when the last of them would pass, he would say: There was once water there. Jesus and his companions would then be besieged here (at Tur, and they would be so much hard pressed) that the head of the ox would be dearer to them than one hundred dinirs and Allah’s Apostle, Jesus, and his companions would supplicate Allah, Who would send to them insects (which would attack their necks) and in the morning they would perish like one single person. Allah’s Apostle, Jesus, and his companions would then come down to the earth and they would not find in the earth as much space as a single span which is not filled with their putrefaction and stench. Allah’s Apostle, Jesus, and his companions would then again beseech Allah, Who would send birds whose necks would be like those of bactrin camels and they would carry them and throw them where God would will.
Then Allah would send rain which no house of clay or (the tent of) camels’ hairs would keep out and it would wash away the earth until it could appear to be a mirror. Then the earth would be told to bring forth its fruit and restore its blessing and, as a result thereof, there would grow (such a big) pomegranate that a group of persons would be able to eat that, and seek shelter under its skin and milch cow would give so much milk that a whole party would be able to drink it. And the milch camel would give such (a large quantity of) milk that the whole tribe would be able to drink out of that and the milch sheep would give so much milk that the whole family would be able to drink out of that and at that time Allah would send a pleasant wind which would soothe (people) even under their armpits, and would take the life of every Muslim and only the wicked would survive who would commit adultery like asses and the Last Hour would come to them.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Jabir with the same chain of transmitters but with this addition that Gog and Magog would walk until they would reach the mountain of al-Khamar and it is a mountain of Bait-ul-Maqdis and they would say: We have killed those who are upon the earth. Let us now kill those who are In the sky and they would throw their arrows towards the sky and the arrows would return to them besmeared with blood. And in the narration of Ibn Hujr (the words are):” I have sent such persons (Gog and Magog) that none would dare fight against them.
Chapter 19: THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE DAJJAL AND A BAN ON HIS ENTRY TO MEDINA AND HIS KILLING OF A BELIEVER AND THEN RESTORING HIM TO LIFE
Abu Sa’id al-Khudri reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) one day gave a detailed account of the Dajjal and in that it was also included: He would come but would not be allowed to ether the mountain passes to Medina. So he will alight at some of the barren tracts near Medina, and a person who would be the best of men or one from amongst the best of men would say to him: I bear testimony to the fact that you are Dajjal about whom Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) had informed us. The Dajjal would say: What is your opinion if I kill this (person), then I bring him back to life; even then will you harbour doubt in this matter? They would say: No. He would then kill (the man) and then bring him back to life. When he would bring tha@ person to life, he would say: By Allah, I had no better proof of the fact (that you are a Dajjal) than at the present time (that you are actually so). The Dajjal would then make an attempt to kill him (again) but he would not be able to do that. Abu Ishaq reported that it was said: That person would be Khadir (Allah be pleased with him).
This hadith has been narrated by Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters.
Abu Sa’id al-Khudri reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Dajjal would come forth and a person from amongst the believers would go towards him and the armed men of the Dajjal would meet him and they would say to him: Where do you intend to go? He would say: I intend to go to this one who is coming forth. They would say to him: Don’t you believe in our Lord? He would say: There is nothing hidden about our Lord. They would say: Kill him. Then some amongst them would say: Has your master (Dajjal) not forbidden you to kill anyone without (his consent)? And so they would take him to the Dajjal and when the believer would see him, he would say: O people. he is the Dajjil about whom Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) has informed (us). The Dajjal would then order for breaking his head and utter (these words): Catch hold of him and break his head. He would be struck even on his back and on his stomach. Then the Dajjal would ask him: Don’t you believe in me? He would say: You are a false Masih. He would then order him to be torn (into pieces) with a saw from the parting of his hair up to his legs. After that the Dajjal would walk between the two pieces. He would then say to him: Stand, and he would stand erect. He would then say to him: Don’t you believe in me? And the person would say: It has only added to my insight concerning you (that you are really the Dajjal). He would then say: O people, he would not behave with anyone amongst people (in such a manner) after me. The Dajjal would try to catch hold of him so that he should kill him (again). The space between his neck and collar bone would be turned into copper and he would find no means to kill him. So he would catch hold of him by his hand and feet and throw him (into the air) and the people would think as if he had been thrown in the Hell-Fire whereas he would be thrown in Paradise. Thereupon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: He would be the most eminent amongst persons in regard to martyrdom in the eye of the Lord of the world.
Chapter 20: THE DAJJAL WOULD BE VERY INSIGNIFICANT IN THE EYE OF ALLAH, THE MAJESTIC AND GLORIOUS
Mughira b. Shu’ba reported: No one asked Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) more about Dajjil than I asked him. He said: He should not be a source of worry to you for he would not be able to do any harm to you. I said: Allah’s Messenger, it is alleged that he would have along with him (abundance of) food and water. Thereupon he said: He would be very insignificant in the eye of Allah (even) with all this.
Mughira b. Shu’ba reported that none asked Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) about Dajjal more than I asked him. I (one of the narrators other than Mughlra b. Shu’ba) said: What’did you ask? Mughira replied: I said that the people alleged that he would have a mountain load of bread and mutton and rivers of water. Thereupon he said: He would be more insignificant in the eye of Allah compared with all this.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Isma’il through other chains of transmitters with a slight variation of wording.
Chapter 21: THE APPEARANCE OF THE DAJJAL AND HIS STAY UPON THE EARTH AND THE DESCENT OF JESUS AND HIS KILLING HIM (DAJJAL) AND THE DEPARTURE OF GOOD PEOPLE OF STRONG CONVICTION AND THE SURVIVAL OF THE WICKED PEOPLE AND THE WORSHIP OF IDOLS AND THE BLOWING OF THE TRUMPET AND THE RAISING UP FROM THE GRAVES
‘Abdullah b. ‘Amr reported that a person came to him and said: What is this hadith that you narrate that the Last Hour would come at such and such time? Thereupon he said: Hallowed be Allah, there is no god but Allah (or the words to the same effect). I have decided that I would not narrate anything to anyone now. I had only said that you would see after some time an important event that the (sacred) House (Ka’ba) would be burnt and it would happen and definitely happen. He then reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: The Dajjal would appear in my Ummah and he would stay (in the world) for forty-I cannot say whether he meant forty days, forty months or forty years. And Allah would then send Jesus son of Mary who would resemble ‘Urwa b Mas’ud. He (Jesus Christ) would chase him and kill him. Then people would live for seven years that there would be no ran. cour between two persons. Then Allah would send cold wind from the side of Syria that none would survive upon the earth having a speck of good in him or faith in him but he would die, so much so that even if some amongst you were to enter the innermost part of the mountain, this wind would reach that place also and that would cause his heath. I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Only the wicked people would survive and they would be as careless as birds with the charactertistics of beasts. They would never appreciate the good nor condemn evil. Then the Satan would come to them in human form and would say: Don’t you respond? And they would say: What do you order us? And he would command them to worship the idols but, in spite of this, they would have abundance of sustenance and lead comfortable lives. Then the trumpet would be blown and no one would hear that but he would bend hfs neck to one side and raise it from the other side and the first one to hear that trumpet would be the person who would be busy in setting right the tank meant for providing water to the camels. He would swoon and the other people would also swoon, then Allah would send or He would cause to send rain which would be like dew and there would grow out of it the bodies of the people. Then the second trumpet would be blown and they would stand up and begin to look (around). Then it would be said: O people, go to your Lord, and make them stand there. And they would be questioned. Then it would be said: Bring out a group (out of them) for the Hell-Fire. And then it would be asked: How much? It would be said: Nine hundred and ninty-nine out of one thousand for the Hell-Fire and that would be the day which would make the children old because of its terror and that would be the day about which it has been said:” On the day when the shank would be uncovered” (lxviii. 42).
Ya’qub b. ‘Asim b. Urwa b. Mas’ud reported: I heard a person saying to ‘Abdullah b. Amr: You say that the Last Hour would come at such and such time, whereupon he said: I had made up my mind that I would not narrate anything to you. I only said: But you would soon see after some time a very significant affair, for example the burning of the House (Ka’ba). Shu’ba said like this and ‘Abdullah b Amr reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) having said: The Dajjal would appear in my Ummah. And in another hadith (the words are): None would survive who would have even a speck of faith in his heart, but he would be dead. Muhammad b. ja’far reported that Shu’ba narrated to him this hadith many a time and I also read it out to him many a time.
Abdullah b. ‘Amr reported: I committed to memory a hadith from Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) and I did not forget it after I had heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The first sign (nut of the signs of the appearance of the Dajjal) would be the appearance of the sun from the west, the appearance of the beast before the people in the forenoon and whkch of the two hap- pens first, the second one would follow immediately after that.
Abu Zur’a reported that three persons amongst Muslims had been sitting in Medina in the presence of Marwan b. Hakam and they heard him narrate these signs from him and the first amongst them was the appearance of the Dajjal. ‘Abdullah b. ‘Amr reported that Marwin said nothing (particular in this connection). I, however, heard a hadith from Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) and I did not forget that after I had heard that from Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) and he reported a hadith like the foregoing.
Abu Zur’a reported that there was a discussion in the presence of Marwan about the Last Hour, and Abdullah b. ‘Amr said: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying. The rest of the hadith is the same, but there is no mention of forenoon.
Chapter 22: THE HADITH PERTAINING TO THE SPY OF THE DAJJAL
Amir b. Sharahil Sha’bi Sha’b Hamdan reported that he asked Fatima, daughter of Qais and sister of ad-Dahhak b. Qais and she was the first amongst the emigrant women: Narrate to me a hadith which you had heard directly from Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) and there is no extra link in between them. She said: Very well, if you like, I am prepared to do that, and he said to her: Well, do It and narrate that to me. She said: I married the son of Mughira and he was a chosen young man of Quraish at that time, but he fell as a martyr in the first Jihad (fighting) on the side of Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him). When I became a widow, ‘Abd al-Rahman b. Auf, one amongst the group of the Companions of Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him), sent me the proposal of marriage. Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) also sent me such a message for his freed slave Usama b. Zaid. And it had been conveyed to me that Allah’s Messenger (way peace be upon him) had said (about Usama): He who loves me should also love Usima. When Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) talked to me (about this matter), I said: My affairs are in your hand. You may marry me to anyone whom you like. He said: You better shift now to the house of Umm Sharik, and Umm Sharik was a rich lady from amongst the Anqir. She spent generously for the cause of Allah and entertained guests very hospitably. I said: Well, I will do as you like. He said: Do not do that for Umm Sharik is a woman who is very frequently vizited by guests and I do not like that your head may be uncovered or the cloth may be removed from your shank and the strangers may catch sight of them which you abhor. You better shift to the house of your cousin ‘Abdullah b. ‘Amr b. Umm Maktum and he is a person of the Bani Fihr branch of the Quraish, and he belonged to that tribe (to which Fatima) belonged. So I shifted to that house, and when my period of waiting was over, I heard the voice of an announcer making an announcement that the prayer would be observed in the mosque (where) congregational prayer (is observed).
So I set out towards that mosque and observed prayer along with Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) and I was in the row of the women which was near the row of men. When Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) had finished his prayer, he sat on the pulpit smiling and said: Every worshipper should keep sitting at his place. He then said: Do you know why I had asked you to assemble? They said: Allah and His Messenger know best. He said: By Allah. I have not made you assemble for exhortation or for a warning, but I have detained you here, for Tamim Dari, a Christian, who came and accepted Islam, told me something, which agrees with what I was-telling, yuu about the Dajjal. He narrated to me that he had sailed in a ship along with thirty men of Bani Lakhm and Bani Judham and had been tossed by waves in the ocean for a month. Then these (waves) took them (near) the land within the ocean (island) at the time of sunset. They sat in a small side-boat and entered that Island. There was a beast with long thick hair (and because of these) they could not distinguish his face from his back. They said: Woe to you, who can you be? Thereupon it said: I am al-Jassasa. They said: What is al-Jassasa? And it said: O people, go to this person in the monastery as he is very much eager to know about you. He (the narrator) said: When it named a person for us we were afraid of it lest it should be a Devil. Then we hurriedly went on till we came to that monastery and found a well-built person there with his hands tied to his neck and having iron shackles between his two legs up to the ankles. We said: Woe be upon thee, who are you? And he said: You would soon come to know about me. but tell me who are you. We said: We are people from Arabia and we embarked upon a boat but the sea-waves had been driving us for one month and they brought as near this island. We got Into the side-boats and entered this island and here a beast met us with profusely thick hair and because of the thickness of his hair his face could not be distinguished from his back. We said: Woe be to thee, who are you? It said: I am al- Jassasa. We said: What is al-Jassasa? And it said: You go to this very person in the monastery for he is eagerly waiting for you to know about you. So we came to you in hot haste fearing that that might be the Devil. He (that chained person) said: Tell me about the date-palm trees of Baisan. We &aid: About what aspect of theirs do you seek information? He said: I ask you whether these trees bear fruit or not.
We said: Yes Thereupon he said: I think these would not bear fruits. He said: Inform me about the lake of Tabariyya? We said: Which aspect of it do you want to know? He said: Is there water in it? They said: There is abundance of water in it. Thereupon he said: I think it would soon become dry. He again said: Inform me about the spring of Zughar. They said: Which aspect of it you want to know? He (the chained person) said: Is there water in it and does it irrigate (the land)? We said to him: Yes, there is abundance of water in it and the inhabitants (of Medina) irrigate (land) with the help of it, He said: Inform me about the unlettered Prophet; what has he done? We said: He has come out from Mecca and has settled In Yathrib (Medina). He said: Do the Arabs fight against him? We said: Yes. He said: How did he deal with him? We informed him that he had overcome those in his neighbourhood and they had submitted themselves before him. Thereupon he said to us: Had it actually happened? We said: Yes. Thereupon he said: If it is so that is better for them that they should show obedience to him. I am going to tell you about. myself and I am Dajjal and would be soon permitted to get out and so I shall get out and travel in the land, and will not spare any town where I would not stay for forty nights except Mecca and Medina as these two (places) are prohibited (areas) for me and I would not make an attempt to enter any one of these two. An angel with a sword in his hand would confront me and would bar my way and there would be angels to guard every passage leading to it; then Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) striking the pulpit with the help of the end of his staff said: This implies Taiba meaning Medina. Have I not, told you an account (of the Dajjal) like this? ‘The people said: Yes, and this account narrated by Tamim Dari was liked by me for it corroborates the account which I gave to you in regard to him (Dajjal) at Medina and Mecca. Behold he (Dajjal) is in the Syrian sea (Mediterranian) or the Yemen sea (Arabian sea). Nay, on the contrary, he As In the east, he is in the east, he is in the east, and he pointed with his hand towards the east. I (Fatima bint Qais) said: I preserved It In my mind (this narration from Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him).
Al-Sha’bi reported: We visited Fatima b. Qais and she served us fresh dates which are called rutab and she also served us barley. I asked her about that woman in whose case three divorces had been pronounced as to how much time she should count as the waiting period. She said: My husband pronounced three divorces in my case and Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) permitted me to spend any waiting period in my family. (It was during this period) that announcement was made for the people to observe prayer in the bigger Mosque. I went there along with people and I was in the front row meant for women and it was adjacent to the last row of men and I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) deliver sermon sitting on the pulpit. He said: The cousin of Tamim (Dari) sailed in the ocean. The rest of the hadith is the same but with this addition:” (I see) as if I am looking to Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) pointing his rod towards the land (and saying): It is Taiba, i. e. Medina.”
Tamim Dari came to Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) and informed Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) that he sailed in an ocean and his ship lost direction and thus landed at an island. They moved about in that land in search of water. There they saw a person who had been pulling his hair. The rest of the hadith is the same. And he (Dajjal) said: If I were to be permitted to set out I would have covered all the lands except Taiba. Then Allah’s Messerger (may peace be upon him) brought (Tamim Dari) before the public and he narrated to them and said: That is Taiba and that is the Dajjal.
Fatima b. Qais reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) sat on the pulpit and said: O people, Tamim Dari has reported to me that some persons of his tribe sailed in the ocean in a boat and it capsised and then some of them travelled on one of the planks of the boat and they went to an island in the ocean. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Anas b. Malik reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: There will be no land which would not be covered by the Dajjal but Mecca and Medina, and there would no passage out of the passages leading to them which would not be guarded by angels arranged in rows. Then he (the Dajjal) would appear in a barren place adjacent to Medina and it would rock three times that every unbeliever and hypocrite would get out of it towards him.
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Anas that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said this but with this addition that (the Dajjal would come) and pitch his tent in the waste-land of Juruf and thus there would come out of (the city) every hypocrite, man and woman.
Chapter 23: THE REMAINING AHADITH PERTAINING TO THE DAJJAL
Anas b. Malik reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: The Dajjal would be followed by seventy thousand Jews of Isfahan wearing Persian shawls.
Umm Sharik reported: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The people would run away from the Dajjal seeking shelter in the mountains. She said: Where would be the Arabs then in that day? He said: They would be small in number.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Juraij with the same chain of transmitters.
Abu Qatada reported: We used to go to Imran b. Husain passing in front of Hisham b. ‘Amir. He, one day, said: You pass by me (in order) to go to some per- sons but (amongst ttie living persons) none remained in the company of Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) more than I and none knows more ahadith than I. I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There would be no creation (creating more trouble) than the Dajjal right from the creation of Adam to the Last Hour.
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of ‘Imran b. Husain with a slight variation of wording.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) having said: Hasten to do good deeds before six things happen: the rising of the sun from the west, the smoke, the Dajjal, the beast and (the death) of one of you or the general turmoil.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Hasten in performing these good deeds (before these) six things (happen): (the appearance) of tribe Dijjal, the smoke, the beast of the earth, the rising of the sun from the west, the general turmoil (leadina to large-scale massacre) and death of masses and individuals.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Qatada through another chain of transmitters.
Chapter 24: THE EXCELLENCE OF WORSHIP IN THE PERIOD OF GENERAL TURMOIL
Ma’qil b. Yasar reported Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: Worshiping during the period of widespread turmoil is like emigration towards me.
Chapter 25: APPROACH OF THE LAST HOUR
Abdullah reported Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would affect (most terribly) the wicked persons.
This hadith has been reported by Sahl b. Sa’d that he heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: I and the Last Hour are (close to each other) like this (and he, in order to explain it) pointed (by joining his) forefinger, (one) next to the thumb and the middle finger (together).
Anas b. Malik reported that Allah’s Messenger (way peace be upon him) said: I and the Last Hour have been sent like this. Shu’ba said: I heard Qatada as saying in his narration: The excellence of one over the other. And I do not know whether he narrated it from Anas or Qatada himself said so.
Shu’ba reported: I heard Qatada and Abu Tayyab narrating that both of them heard Anas as narrating that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: I and the Last Hour have been sent like this, and Shu’ba drew his forefinger and middle finger near each other while narrating it.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Anas through another chain of transmitters.
Anas reported Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying like this, but he narrated it through another chain of transmitters.
Anas reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: I and the Last Hour have been sent like this and (he while doing it) joined the forefinger with the middle finger.
‘A’isha reported that when the desert Arabs came to Allable Messenger (may peace be upon him) they asked about the Last Hour as to when that would come. And he looked towards the youngest amongst them and said: If he lives he would not grow very old that he would find your Last Hour coming to you the would see you dying).
Anas reported that a person asked Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as to when the Last Hour would come. He had in his presence a young boy of the Ansar who was called Mabammad. Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon bion) said: If this young boy lives. he may not grow very old till (he would see) the Last Hour coming to you.
Anas b. Malik reported that a person asked Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him): When would the Last Hour come? Thereupon Allah’s Messenger (way peace be upon him) kept quiet for a while. then looked at a young boy in his presence belonging to the tribe of Azd Shanilwa and he said: If this boy lives he would not grow very old till the Last Hour would come to you. Anas said that this young boy was of our age daring those days.
Anas reported: A young boy of Mughira b. Shu’ba happened to pass by (the Holy Prophet) and he was of my age Thereupon Allah’s Apostle (may peace be apon him) said: If he lives long he would not grow very old till the Last Hour would come (to the old People of this generation).
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The Last Hour would come (so sudden) that a person would be milking the she- camel and the (milk) would not reach the brim of the vessel that the Last Hour would come, and the two persons would be engaged in buying and selling of the clothes and their bargain would not be struck before the Last Hour would come. And someone would be setting his tank in order and he would have hardly set it right when the Last Hour would come.
Chapter 26: THE INTERVAL BETWEEN TWO BLOWINGS OF THE TRUMPET
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Between the two blowiings of the trumpet (there would be an interval of forty). They said: Abu Huraira, do you mean forty days? He said: I cannot say anything. They said: Do you mean fortv months? He said: I cannot say anything They said: Do you mean forty years? He said: I cannot say anything. Then Allah would cause the water to, descend from the sky and they (people) will sprout like vegetable The only thing in a man which would not decay would be one bone (spinal chord) from which the whole frame would be reconstituted on the Day of Resurrection.
Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as say- ing: The earth would consume every son of Adam except his spinal chord from which his body would be reconstituted (on the Day of Resurrection).
Abu Huraira reported so many ahadith from Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) and amongst these one was this that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: There is a bone in the human being which the earth would never consume and it is from this that new bodies would be reconstituted (on the Day of Resurrection). They said: Allah’s Messenger, which bone is that? Thereupon he said: It is the spinal bone.
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Day of Judgement, Signs of the Hour, Trials - Tests - Fitan, ~All Abdul Hamid Siddiqui, Hadith Sahih Muslim
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Cuba Tourist Map
Alltouristmap.com » Cuba Tourist Map
Among the Antilles, the island of Cuba stands out. Not only for its size, it is the largest of the Caribbean islands, also for its beauty that was praised by Christopher Columbus himself since his first arrival on October 28, 1842. “This is the most beautiful land that human eyes have ever seen,” the explorer wrote in his log. And he was right. Cuba’s beaches stand out for being paradisiacal and full of human warmth, as well as climatic, and for their cordiality. A special characteristic that remains indelible in the memory of its visitors is the sensation of living in a different moment of human history.
This is due to its colonial constructions but also to the lack of modernization. That is to say, many of its cars, buses and other articles of common use in Cuba, remain as they were 40 years ago. The country groups other smaller islands such as Isla de la Juventud or Isla de Los Pinos, in addition to some 1,600 islets. The island enjoys a fairly pleasant tropical climate thanks to the trade winds. This means that the temperature oscillates, throughout the year, between 20 º to 25 º C. As with all tropical climates, there is no seasonal variation as in the north or south, i.e. spring, summer, autumn and winter. Rather, the seasons are divided into dry and rainy. The former has lower temperatures and extends from November to April. In the rainy season the temperature and humidity rise.
It is important to know this, because if you want to visit the island of Cuba should avoid the rainy months, because although rainfall is not regularly high, if there is a high risk of successive hurricanes, especially between the months of July and November. If, despite the warning, you wish to visit Cuba during these months, you have the advantage that hurricanes are totally preventable and the island offers some security against these atmospheric phenomena to which you are already accustomed.
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In addition to exotic beaches, Cuba is also music, tobacco and rum. Cubans have music in their blood, there is no party or music festival in which Cubans do not stand out and show the best of their idiosyncrasy: friendly, hospitable and welcoming people with an incredible musical sense. At any time it is possible to listen to tropical and Caribbean music groups playing in plazas and streets. On the other hand, Cuba is called the land of tobacco, since it is cultivated and harvested in several areas of the Antillean island. Even for those who do not smoke, it is curious to travel to the cocoa and tobacco plantations to see the manufacturing process of this product. In Pinar del Río, two hours from Havana, the Cuban capital, is the Tobacco Store, where you can see the varieties of tobacco that are part of Cuban economic activity. Finally, the rum industry has been in Cuba for more than 100 years. A country where sugar cane is planted and commercialized, was the ideal place to develop this spirit drink so in 1862 the most famous of them was founded: Bacardi Rum Company. Although this brand came out of Cuba and operates in Bermuda, the Havana Club rum brand continued the tradition on the island. Tourism in Cuba should include trying three rum cocktails, Cubalibre, Mojito and Daiquirí, as well as visiting the interesting Havana Club Rum Museum in Havana.
Trinidad Tourist Map
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Tourist Map Havana
Varadero Tourist Map
One of the best attributes of Havana is its interesting colonial infrastructure, true historical jewels of a city founded at the end of the 16th century and of which certain buildings are still preserved, especially in the oldest area known as Old Havana. For example, you can visit old military structures such as the castle of the Royal Force and the castle of the Three Kings, castle or Morro, both from the sixteenth century. Another majestic fort is the castle of San Salvador de La Punta (XVI and XVII centuries). These three buildings had the function of defending the city. Of much newer construction, 1929, but of exquisite workmanship, is the National Capitol of Havana, with a beautiful neoclassical façade and a dome reminiscent of the American Capitol. But Havana is not only history, it is also fun and nightlife, for which it is essential to visit the Tropicana with shows that remember the golden years of Cuba; the Casa de la Música de Miramar, in which you will have the possibility of dancing until late into the night; or discos in hotels such as Copacabana and El Comodoro.
Along with Havana, Santiago de Cuba is one of the most important cities on the Antillean island. In fact, it also has its historical charm, for some reason it is known as the Hero City of Cuba. Its beaches are also wonderful and you can enjoy the Cuban people, open and friendly. The city’s itinerary includes religious sites, such as the Sanctuary of the Virgen de la Caridad del Cobre or historic sites such as the Castle of San Pedro del Morro, built in the 17th century, and the Moncada barracks, the protagonist of Fidel Castro’s uprising. There are also tourist sites such as the Bacardi Museum, which displays the old properties of the Bacardi family who founded the first and most famous distillery in the country.
The best of Varadero are its monuments, natural parks and ecological reserves. The mysterious caves of Ojo del Mégano, Cueva de Saturno and the Bellamar caves attract thousands of tourists looking for natural spaces of impressive beauty in Cuba. The beaches are all breathtakingly beautiful, with white sands and blue and turquoise waters. There you can also enjoy exquisite Cuban cuisine and interesting handicrafts.
Trinidad is one of Cuba’s most charming cities, thanks to its colonial city appearance and picturesque streets. It is a cultural city with its museums of Trinitarian Architecture, the Casa de la Trova and the Romantic Museum. It also has an interesting ancient architecture worth visiting Plaza Mayor, the Convent of San Francisco and the Church of the Holy Trinity. And, of course, the beautiful ecological reserve of Salto del Carbuní, one of the largest waterfalls in Cuba, could not be missed.
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Guide touristique pour des centaines de villes dans le monde entier !
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Home Sports Kathleen Heddle, Rower Who Won 3 Olympic Gold Medals, Dies at 55
Kathleen Heddle, Rower Who Won 3 Olympic Gold Medals, Dies at 55
Kathleen Heddle, who won three Olympic gold medals rowing for Canada in the 1990s and inspired a generation of athletes, died on Monday at her home in Vancouver, British Columbia. She was 55.
Her death was announced in a statement from her family released by Rowing Canada Aviron, the national governing body for rowing in the country. The statement said that Ms. Heddle had battled for years with breast and lymph node cancer, and later, melanoma and brain cancer.
In the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Ms. Heddle and her rowing partner, Marnie McBean, won two gold medals, in the pairs and the eights. At the 1994 World Championships, Ms. Heddle and Ms. McBean won a silver medal in the double sculls.
At the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, Ms. Heddle and Ms. McBean won a gold medal in the double sculls, a 2,000-meter competition in which they led the race from start to finish, according to Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame. With that, Ms. Heddle and Ms. McBean became the first Canadians to win three Olympic gold medals in any sport, the organization said.
The following year Ms. Heddle and Ms. McBean were inducted into Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame.
On Tuesday night, Ms. McBean wrote on Twitter about the death of her rowing partner, calling Ms. Heddle the “Greatest of All Time.”
“I am crushed and without words today at this loss,” she added.
In the statement from Rowing Canada Aviron, Ms. Heddle’s family said, “A country and a sport got to know and understand her resolve.”
Kathleen Joan Heddle was born on Nov. 27, 1965, in Trail, British Columbia, about 400 miles east of Vancouver. When Kathleen was 8 months old, her parents, Duncan and Marilyn Heddle, moved the family to Kitsilano, a neighborhood in Vancouver that abuts the English Bay. The family also included two other daughters, Libby and Peggy, and a son, Murray. Ms. Heddle remained in Vancouver, settling in the nearby neighborhood of Kerrisdale with her husband, Mike Bryden, and their two children, Lyndsey and Mac.
Information on survivors was not immediately available.
When Ms. Heddle enrolled at the University of British Columbia, she was tall and athletic, hoping to make a mark for herself in the world of volleyball. But it was in Ms. Heddle’s third year at the university in the 1980s when she was “picked out of a lineup” because of her height and recruited to join the school’s rowing team, she told the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame and Museum.
“It was a pretty obscure sport then,” she said, “so they would try to recruit people who they thought had the right build and had potential.”
“I was hooked right away,” recalled Ms. Heddle. “I liked the balance between brute strength and power with finesse.”
At the time, Ms. Heddle was 19 and her volleyball aspirations “had stalled,” according to the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. She quickly adapted to her new sport and excelled. She earned a bachelor’s degree in psychology from the university and continued with her newfound passion.
By 1987, Ms. Heddle had earned a spot on the Canadian national rowing team and won a gold medal in the pair event at the Pan American Games.
At the 1991 World Cup in Switzerland, Ms. Heddle paired up with Ms. McBean for the first time. In their first race together they beat the defending world champions, according to the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame.
In 1999 Ms. Heddle was awarded the Thomas Keller Medal, an honor given each year to a recently retired athlete who has “a long and successful rowing career and who has made an outstanding contribution to rowing as a competitor and as a sports personality,” according to the World Rowing Federation, the governing body for the sport.
Though Ms. Heddle quickly ascended to the upper echelon of rowing, she acknowledged that the rise came with a challenge.
“Rowing was seen as a medal sport in Canada, and we were seen as the favorites,” Ms. Heddle said, according to the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. There was, she said, “a burden to meet the expectations people place on us.” When she won, she said, “it was more a feeling of relief than anything else.”
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Home World Which Americans Can Get a Covid-19 Vaccine Now? Full Guidance
Which Americans Can Get a Covid-19 Vaccine Now? Full Guidance
The U.S. government, faced with an unrelenting surge in coronavirus cases, issued recommendations this week regarding which people in the country should be vaccinated first. Here are answers to some common questions.
Who is now eligible to be vaccinated, according to federal guidance?
On Tuesday, Alex M. Azar II, the health secretary, urged all states to open up eligibility to everyone 65 and older and to adults of any age with medical conditions that put them at high risk of becoming seriously ill or dying from Covid-19.
In all, that is more than 150 million people — almost half the population. They now join millions of health care workers and residents of long-term care facilities who previously qualified.
Mr. Azar did not specify which conditions would make someone eligible for vaccination now; presumably it will be up to governors to decide, as will the question of what documentation to require. But the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has published a list of particularly high-risk conditions, including cancer, diabetes and obesity.
How does eligibility vary by state, and why?
Although the C.D.C. issued recommendations last month for which groups states should vaccinate initially while the vaccine supply is still relatively low, the priorities are not binding and each state has come up with its own groupings.
The federal government cannot require states to change the prioritization plans they have already announced, although the new pressure from Mr. Azar, along with growing public impatience as deaths from the virus continue to hit new peaks, may sway many to do so.
In coming up with priority groups, state officials considered criteria like who is most likely to die if they contract Covid-19 — including people of color, older people and people with underlying medical conditions — and which professions are critical to helping the economy fully reopen. Each state’s demographics also played a role.
I qualify now. How do I sign up?
This depends on what state or even what county you live in.
Some local public health departments have set up portals in which people can make appointments. Others are holding mass vaccination events and inoculating people on a first-come, first-served basis.
Generally, doctor’s offices and pharmacies have asked that patients and customers not call them seeking vaccine appointments just yet, and instead wait to be contacted.
Most pharmacies are not yet offering the vaccine, but CVS, Walgreens and a number of other chain pharmacies, including some in grocery and big-box stores, will soon start doing so through a partnership with the federal government.
With the federal government saying that older people and those with underlying medical conditions should be vaccinated next, what happens to essential workers whose jobs require them to come face to face with other people? Are they eligible now, too?
In some states, yes.
Health care workers in every state were the first to be offered the vaccine. And before Mr. Azar’s directive this week, several states had already opened vaccination to certain categories of “frontline” essential workers, such as police officers, firefighters, teachers, child-care workers and public transit employees.
But other states that had planned to start offering the vaccine to some essential workers in the coming weeks may reprioritize now based on Mr. Azar’s new guidance.
There is nothing stopping states from opening vaccination to a new priority group before they have reached everyone in an earlier group, but supply is an important consideration.
How many vaccine doses does the United States have access to?
Pfizer and Moderna, the two companies whose vaccines have been approved for emergency use in the United States, together have pledged to provide 400 million doses over the next seven months.
Both vaccines require two doses, so that will be enough for 200 million people, out of roughly 260 million who are currently eligible to be vaccinated. Children younger than 16 are not yet eligible for Pfizer’s vaccine, and those younger than 18 cannot yet take Moderna’s.
Johnson & Johnson, whose single-dose vaccine candidate is in late-stage clinical trials, has a contract with the U.S. government to provide 12 million doses by the end of February and a total of 100 million doses by the end of June. But the company has fallen behind on its production schedule.
How many people have been vaccinated so far?
The publicly available data lags by at least a few days, so it is hard to know for sure. But the C.D.C. reported on Wednesday that about 10.3 million people had received an initial dose, out of 29.4 million doses distributed around the country so far.
That includes nearly 1.1 million doses that have been given to residents and staff members in nursing homes and other long-term care facilities.
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In-School Care
Partnering to nurture children's mental health in Washington, D.C. schools
More Than Kind
Understanding the neurobiology of altruism
Flourishing on Campus
Making changes that matter to support student mental health
How culture shapes mental health
Progress in Neonatal Seizure Pharmacology
Mounting evidence from patients and from research in animal models suggests that exposure to common epilepsy drugs, phenobarbital in particular, causes lasting damage to cognitive and motor functions...
Honored to Make D.C. Better
Lucile Adams-Campbell, professor of oncology and senior associate dean for community outreach and engagement, was named a 2018 Washingtonian of the Year.
Friendship, learning, and lunch with The ROMEOs
The self-proclaimed informal group of physicians—all trained by or connected with the School of Medicine and MedStar Georgetown University Hospital—fills an important social void for the D.C.-area...
Cancer Patients With HIV Benefit From Immunotherapy
The immunotherapy that is revolutionizing treatment of many cancers appears to offer similar benefit to cancer patients living with HIV, say researchers at Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer...
From the Archives: Georgetown’s Family Therapy Pioneer
The prolific, renowned psychiatrist Murray Bowen (1913-1990) was part of the Georgetown School of Medicine faculty from 1959 until his death.
A New Look at Native Health Justice
The health of American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) is disproportionately affected by criminal justice disparities in the United States, notes School of Nursing & Health Studies professor...
Partner with us to transform health care at Georgetown
“Now the space will match the level of care we give.”
Maternal Mortality in D.C. Raises Concern
Close scrutiny has been placed on Washington, D.C.’s maternal health services for marginalized populations, with the recent closures of two maternity wards in underserved communities.
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Star Rover
Posted by spiralbound on April 13, 2015 August 5, 2015
(All photos courtesy of Star Rover)
Jeremy Gustin was walking in Brooklyn in 2012 when he had an idea.
“I can recall vividly walking through Bushwick listening to John Fahey on headphones when I had a light bulb moment and heard a concept, or a way of interpretation in my head,” said Gustin. “I called Will (Graefe) immediately and we set up at time to meet and play.”
Gustin’s musical spark would eventually evolve into what is now known as Star Rover, a two piece band out of Brooklyn, New York. Gustin, who plays drums and sings, and his band mate/friend Will Graefe, who plays guitar and also sings, released their first full-length LP – Western Winds Bitter Christians – in 2013 and are currently working in the studio on their sophomore release. Combine this with a packed solid tour schedule and Star Rover may just be the closest they’re ever been to taking over the world – or the Northeast, at least.
“The writing process is as close to true co-writing as I’ve ever come,” said Graefe.
Gustin and Graefe both started playing instruments and listening to music at a young age.
“My whole family is involved in classical music and I grew up very immersed in that world,” said Gustin. “I was playing oboe and English horn in orchestras from a young age through high school.”
Gustin said he discovered drums in high school and began improvising with them – a technique and set of skills he said was very different than the structured classical world he was used to playing in. By the end of high school, Gustin said he settled on drums as his main instrument and began pursuing them seriously, including studying drums in Ghana for three months. Gustin, of Boston, eventually uprooted his passion and moved to New York in 2008.
Graefe, also of Boston, got into music through a completely different route.
“My mom used to play Puff the Magic Dragon on guitar when I was a kid, but that was the extent of music performance in our house,” said Graefe. “That being said, I have vivid memories of my parents playing me “Break on Through” by The Doors, “Lola” by the Kinks, and “Voodoo Chile (slight return)” on the turntable and they left quite an impression.”
Graefe says he got his first guitar for Christmas when he was nine years old and “went from there”. He eventually would study guitar at the New England Conservatory before also moving to New York to pursue music.
Graefe and Gustin met in New York through mutual friends. Graefe played a couple shows with Gustin’s former band The Rex Complex and the two had gotten together to play as a pair on a couple of occasions. They both shared a love for improvisation, but it wasn’t until Gustin’s light bulb moment in 2012, however, that the two formally started working together.
“He called me and said he was imagining music in which we played in a melodic finger picking style, but with eschewing bar lines,” said Graefe. “Based on what we’d done before, to me that meant trying to play lyrically and loosely, but also hitting hard and grooving and maintaining a raw sound as well. Getting our first group of songs together was a process unlike any other I’d experienced. We rehearsed for about a year before our first show and each song took many hours to put together. In some ways, it was the first time that I’d dealt with arrangement detail so specifically.”
“We basically worked on deconstructing John Fahey music for almost a year.. slowly defining our sound…we’ve since departed from Fahey and are writing our own music and the sound keeps moving, but that was the seed,” said Gustin.
With a collaboration officially formed, Gustin and Graefe began working on a first batch of songs that would eventually evolve into their first record. Although both men had a solid musical foundation, including both solo work and session time with other artists, finding ways to combine their individual sounds into a singular sound and style for Star Rover was and is a welcomed challenge.
“It’s tons and tons of trial and error, and embracing and exploiting the limitations of being a duo,” said Graefe. “Jeremy doesn’t play or write for guitar, so one challenging aspect for me is translating Jeremy’s melodic and harmonic ideas into guitar parts that can exist on their own. It has occasionally forced me to do things that I didn’t think I could, as well as come up with parts I never would’ve thought of on my own.”
The music that emerges is something that both Gustin and Graefe hesitate to put a title on.
“This is a tough question, not just because its difficult to answer but because i don’t want to answer it,” said Gustin. “I kinda feel that it’s for other people to say where we fit. Once I have a clear idea of what we are then I’m in that box. So – I pretty intentionally try not to think about it; but I have a feeling it keeps changing.”
“I’m not sure if we fit into any genre, but I’m the wrong person to ask,” said Graefe. “I try to focus on the nuts and bolts of the music and avoid obvious stylistic reference points. I do love the idea of being connected to much older music and seizing upon the idiosyncrasies of that music, though. Also, the music has evolved a lot in the last few years.”
Gustin and Graefe are currently in the studio working on their second record, as well as touring and collaborating with other musicians and projects.
“We’re making a new record which I’m super excited about,” said Gustin. “We’re playing shows and rehearsing a lot of new songs. We collaborated with songwriter Jesse Harris on a record (released Feb. 10, 2015) and we’ve been touring internationally for that. We also made record with Petra Haden that we’re doing some gigs for too. Collaboration has become an important part of what Star Rover does.”
Gustin said along with Star Rover, he’s working on various other projects and artists including Delicate Steve, Albert Hammond Jr. and Jesse Harris (mentioned above), although “there’s a long list of bands and songwriters that I love to play with,” he said.
Graefe is also working on projects aside from Star Rover, including playing baritone guitar with Benjamin Lazar Davis in Chime Wisely, as well as Wilder Maker, Landlady, Kim Anderson and Will Sheff from Okkervil River.
No matter what projects Gustin and Graefe are working on, though, their motivations behind continuing to make music stay the same.
“It’s an amazing thing to try to shape an idea and end up with something you never expected,” said Graefe. “it’s very mysterious, but also a lot of work and craft and care. I try to respect it and take it very seriously. I’ve had times in my life where it feels so difficult to come up with stuff that I heard someone’s new song and was just completely stunned- not just by the music…. I couldn’t believe that anyone can combine music elements to write one song, let alone a great one. But then you just keep chipping away at it and sometimes things are more fluid.”
“I really have known that its what I’m going to do for as long as i can remember,” said Gustin. “Not even almost a decision or question – it’s what I am. My motivation is love. It’s a job to stay inspired. There’s a lot of distraction with social media and lots of horrible ugly things in the world. So I try to seek out things that inspire me all the time. Not just in music, but all around me.”
Check out all the Star Rover love here – Facebook – Bandcamp – Twitter – Instagram – FYO Records band profile.
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12.7.20 / Press Releases
Partnership Statement On Working Together With New HHS Secretary Nominee
WASHINGTON – The Partnership for America’s Health Care Future issued the following statement today regarding President-elect Joe Biden’s announcement that he will nominate California Attorney General Xavier Becerra to lead the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
“The Partnership for America’s Health Care Future believes every American deserves access to affordable, high-quality health coverage and care. We look forward to working with the Department of Health and Human Services under the new administration to build on and improve what’s working, where private coverage, Medicare and Medicaid work together to expand access to coverage and care, and fix what’s broken,” said Lauren Crawford Shaver, the Partnership’s executive director. “By working together during this critical time, we can lower costs, protect patient choice, expand access, improve quality and foster innovation to help Americans get healthy and stay healthy.”
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Joseph Henry Ary
Tennessee, United States
The Life of Joseph Henry
When Joseph Henry Ary was born on 25 December 1871, in Tennessee, United States, his father, Daniel Felix Ary, was 22 and his mother, Margaret J. Goodwin, was 21. He married Ruth Delah Emeline Payne in 1891, in Missouri, United States. They were the parents of at least 2 sons and 6 daughters. He lived in Oak Grove Township, Oregon, Missouri, United States for about 10 years and Jeff Township, Oregon, Missouri, United States in 1940. He died on 11 December 1943, in Thayer, Oregon, Missouri, United States, at the age of 71, and was buried in Couch, Oregon, Missouri, United States.
Learn about Joseph Henry's homeland.
Put your face in a costume from Joseph Henry's homelands.
Ruth Delah Emeline Payne
Marriage: 1891
Edna Mary Ary
Lora Elsie Ary
Henry M Ary
Ethel Grace Ary
Ona Pearl Ary
Gladys Ella Ary
Thurston Darius Ary
Myrtle Virble Ary
Missouri, United States
Daniel Felix Ary
Margaret J. Goodwin
Alice Ary
Elizabeth Ary
Mary L Ary
Ella Henry
+1 More Child
1872 · The First National Park
Yellowstone National Park was given the title of the first national park by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant. It is also believed to be the first national park in the world.
1878 · Yellow Fever Epidemic
When a man that had escaped a quarantined steamboat with yellow fever went to a restaurant he infected Kate Bionda the owner. This was the start of the yellow fever epidemic in Memphis, Tennessee. By the end of the epidemic 5,200 of the residence would die.
1890 · The Sherman Antitrust Act
This Act tried to prevent the raising of prices by restricting trade. The purpose of the Act was to preserve a competitive marketplace to protect consumers from abuse.
1 Americanized spelling of French Hary .2 English: variant spelling of Airey .
Airey
Joe H Ary, "United States Census, 1930"
Joseph H Ary, "United States Census, 1940"
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Who We Are Contact Our Team Annual Reports FAQs News
Remote Programming Become A Studio Artist Employment Opportunities Volunteer Community Partners Executive Board Associate Board Become a Member Today! Donate
Become A Studio Artist
Associate Board
Arts of Life Awarded $160,000 Grant from The Coleman Foundation
Arts of Life is being recognized for its work as an independent community day service to support adult artists with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Chicago-land. This month the organization was awarded a $160,000 general operating grant from The Coleman Foundation – the largest grant in the organization’s 20-year history.
“This remarkable grant is a huge vote of confidence in the work we are doing to keep our community creative and connected,” said Denise Fisher, Arts of Life’s Executive Director and Co-Founder. “Our studios were closed according to the state’s directive for five full months earlier this year, but we haven’t stopped working since the crisis hit. We swiftly pivoted to build virtual programming that would continue to fulfill our mission and engage our community.”
Thanksgiving Gathering 2019 with Arts of Life’s North Shore and Chicago artists and Clark McCain, Senior Program Officer at The Coleman Foundation
As expressed in the grant proposal, these funds will enable Arts of Life’s 60 artists to sustain their artistic practice with as little interruption as possible, at a time when the continuation of their artistic careers has never been more vital to their personal well-being and individual wealth.
According to Fisher, the grant will help to fill the gap in state funding this year, which current projections indicate may exceed $100,000 by June 30, 2020. “We are more dependent than ever on contributed revenue to keep our doors open. New policies established by the State of Illinois plus the loss of in-person exhibitions and events has severely impacted our financial stability. We are determined to persevere because our artists and Illinois residents with disabilities have a right to meaningful engagement outside of the home. Only 10% of the day programs in the entire State of Illinois are independent, so we take our role in the State’s efforts to deinstitutionalize very seriously.”
In The Case for Inclusion 2019, Illinois was ranked 44th of 50 states in services and support for Americans with disabilities.The Coleman Foundation grant will support the long term viability of Art of Life, providing it an opportunity to explore ways to expand its virtual programming while also supporting the gradual reopening of the overhauled studios for in-person, socially distanced art-making. According to Vincent Uribe, Arts of Life’s Art Director, “Some exciting opportunities have emerged through our virtual programming platform since it launched in April. Our artists have been able to collaborate across studios in a way that was never possible before. This platform remains essential in keeping our artists connected and ensuring that their voices are heard no matter where they are working. Not only that – our artists are networking and learning from fellow artists and curators across the country through studio tours, workshops, and virtual exhibitions. We are excited to see how we can build on this opportunity to blend virtual and in-person programming and ultimately strengthen our connections with the broader arts community nationwide.”
Founded in 2000, Arts of Life is guided by a progressive vision to put inclusivity and creativity first in support of adult artists with developmental and intellectual disabilities. The organization currently serves over 60 artists at two studios – in Chicago’s West Town and Glenview, IL. The defining hallmark of Arts of Life is a culture of Collective Decision Making, which ensures that everyone, especially each artist, is a proactive member of a shared artistic community with a voice in every aspect of the studio’s programming.
Arts of Life works to change society’s misconceptions regarding individuals with disabilities by showcasing their abilities through the exhibition and sale of their artwork. The studio artists’ work has been featured in prestigious venues throughout the world, including the Chicago Cultural Center, Carl Hammer Gallery, John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, the Ukrainian Institute of Modern Art, INTUIT Center for Outside Art, and Museum of Everything in London.
Chicago Studio
North Shore Studio
1963 Johns Drive
Every contribution counts, you can too!
Interested in joining the studio?
Arts of Life is a registered 501(c)3 | EIN: 36-4284473 | Combined Federal Campaign (CFC) Code: 12865
This program is partially funded by support from the following organizatons:
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Applications Affected by Bug #35690
Application Name Description version Downloads
Version of 2012
From Valve website: "Steam is a broadband business platform for direct software delivery and content management. At its core, Steam is a distributed file system and shared set of technology components that can be implemented into any software application. With Steam, developers are given integrated tools for direct-content publishing, flexible billing, ensured-version control, anti-cheating, anti-piracy, and more. Steam consumers enjoy the benefit of starting their favorite applications within minutes of confirming their purchase. They can access their applications from any PC. They are no longer challenged to find the latest updates for these applications. And they no longer need to wonder if their device drivers are compatible with the latest software. The Steam SDK also includes an integrated set of communications tools and Valve's Graphic User Interface (V-GUI) that provide built-in support for a variety of services such as instant messaging, configuration, and server browsing."
Steam is a content platform for Half-Life 2, Half-Life 2 Deathmatch, Counter-Strike: Source, Counter-Strike 1.6, and all mods made with either the Half-Life or Source engines. All games made to work with these engines are compatible with Wine.
Official Release Download
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Action , Drama , Fantasy , Romance , Supernatural
Anime, Manga, Visual Novel, OVA, Film, Game, Audio Drama
Fate/stay night (フェイト/ステイナイト) is a Japanese adult visual novel game created by Type-Moon. It was originally released on January 30, 2004 for the PC as an eroge, and later released for the PlayStation 2 as an all-ages game.
It has been adapted into an anime television series, which was animated by Studio Deen and aired between January 6, 2006, through June 16, 2006. The series has been adapted into a manga series, which began serialization in the monthly Shōnen Ace magazine.
An anime film based on the Unlimited Blade Works scenario from the original visual novel was produced by Studio Deen and released on January 23, 2010 in Japanese theaters.
Fate/stay night chronicles a two-week period in the life of Shirō Emiya, an amateur mechanic who attends a school named Homurabara Academy in Fuyuki City. Ten years ago, Shirō was caught in a massive fire that incinerated his parents and consumed a large portion of the city; as he was dying, an enigmatic man discovers and treats him. This man, Kiritsugu Emiya, decides to adopt him, though the two maintain a distant relationship because of Kiritsugu's frequent departures from Fuyuki City.
Unknown to Shirō, Fuyuki City is the setting for a secret and violent war among competing magi. For the past two centuries, seven sorcerers have gathered and engaged in a Battle Royale, each gambling his or her own life to obtain the Holy Grail, a legendary chalice capable of granting wishes.
Eventually, he finds himself as one of the seven masters of those seven sorcerers - Servants - and as he fights his way to survive the onslaught of being a competitor in the Holy Grail war, he discovers his hidden potentials.
Official site (Type Moon) (Japanese)
(Fate/Stay Night UBW) (Japanese)
Official site (Fate/Stay Night Heavens Feel) (Japanese)
Fate/Grand Order Wikia
Retrieved from "https://animanga.fandom.com/wiki/Fate/Stay_Night?oldid=76785"
... more about "Fate/Stay Night"
Action +, Drama +, Fantasy +, Romance + and Supernatural +
Anime +, Manga +, Visual Novel +, OVA +, Film +, Game + and Audio Drama +
Fate/Stay Night +
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Category Archives: ANTARCTICA
ANTARCTICA, WORLD
Scientists discover 280-million-year-old fossil forest in Antarctica
Antarctica wasn’t quite a region of ice for most of the year. It is widely believed that millions of years ago, when the planet earth was already a massive landmass called Gondwana, trees flourished near the South Pole.
Now, newfound, intricate fossils of some of these trees are revealing how the plants thrived — and what forests might look like as they march northward in today’s warming world.
“Antarctica preserves and ecologic history of polar biomes that ranges for about 400 million years, which is basically the entirety of plant evolution,” said Erik Gulbranson, a paleoecologist at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
A reconstruction of what the ancient forest look liked 385 million years ago, drawn by Dr. Chris Berry, co-author of the study describing the fossil trees.
TREES IN ANTARCTICA?
It’s hard to look at Antarctica’s frigid landscape today and imagine lush forests. To find their fossil specimens, Gulbranson and his colleagues have to disembark from planes landed on snowfields, then traverse glaciers and brave bone-chilling winds. But from about 400 million to 14 million years ago, the southern continent was a very different, and much greener place.
The climate was warmer, though the plants that survived at the low southern latitudes had to cope with winters of 24-hour-per-day darkness and summers during which the sun never set, just like today.
Gulbranson and his team are focused on an era centred around 252 million years ago, during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction.
Partial tree trunk with the base preserved, at the site in Svalbard (left) and a reconstruction of what the ancient forest look liked 380 million years ago (right)
During this event, as many of 95 per cent of Earth’s species died out. The extinction was probably driven by massive greenhouse gas emissions from volcanoes, which raised the planet’s temperatures to extreme levels and caused the oceans to acidify, scientists have found.
There are obvious parallels to contemporary climate change, Gulbranson said, which is less extreme but similarly driven by greenhouse gases.
Prior to the end-Permian mass extinction, the southern polar forests were dominated by one type of tree, those in the Glossopteris genus, Gulbranson told Live Science. These were behemoths that grew from 65 to 131 feet (20 to 40 meters) tall, with broad, flat leaves longer than a person’s forearm, Gulbranson said.
Erik Gulbranson on site in Antarctica.
A photograph taken by Captain Scott on his final expedition of Dr Edward Wilson sketching on Beardmore Glacier.
Before the Permian extinction, Glossopteris dominated the landscape below the 35th parallel south to the South Pole. (The 35th parallel south is a circle of latitude that crosses through two landmasses: the southern tip of South American and the southern tip of Australia.)
Last year, while fossil-hunting in Antarctica, Gulbranson and his team found the oldest polar forest on record from the southern polar region.
They haven’t dated that forest precisely yet, but it probably flourished about 280 million years ago before being rapidly buried in volcanic ash, which preserved it down to the cellular level, the researchers said.
On Thanksgiving Day, Gulbranson will return to Antarctica for more excavations at two sites. Those sites contain fossils from a period spanning from before to after the Permian extinction.
Scientists have since uncovered further evidence of plant life on the continent, including this fossilized fern from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) fossil collection.
This partial trunk fossil was cracked near its base, but two distinct patterns are still visible in the rock: oval leaf bases at the bottom and diamond-shaped leaf bases moving up the trunk toward the top.
After the extinction, Gulbranson said, the forests didn’t disappear, but they changed. Glossopteris was out, but a new mix of evergreen and deciduous trees, including relatives of today’s gingkoes, moved in.
“What we’re trying to research is what exactly caused those transitions to occur, and that’s what we don’t know very well,” Gulbranson said.
The plants are so well-preserved in the rock that some of the amino acid building blocks that made up the trees’ proteins can still be extracted, said Gulbranson, who specializes in geochemistry techniques. Studying these chemical building blocks may help clarify how the trees handled the southern latitudes’ weird sunlight conditions, as well as the factors that allowed those plants to thrive but drove Glossopteris to its death, he said.
This season, the field team will have access to helicopters, which can land closer to the rugged outcrops in the Transantarctic Mountains where the fossil forests are found.
Subsequent expeditions to the Antarctic Peninsula have unearthed hundreds of amphibian and reptile fossils. This lobster fossil (Hoploparia stokesi) from the BAS fossil collection was found in the Upper Cretaceous (100.5 – 66 million years ago) when the dinosaurs disappeared from the Earth.
The team (members hail from the United States, Germany, Argentina, Italy and France) will camp out for months at a time, hitching helicopter rides to the outcrops as the fickle Antarctic weather allows. The 24-hour sun allows for long days, even middle-of-the-night expeditions that combine mountaineering with fieldwork, Gulbranson said.
Large Hidden Lakes Found Draining Below Antarctic Glacier
Thwaites Glacier on the edge of West Antarctica is one of the planet’s fastest-moving glaciers. Research shows that it is sliding unstoppably into the ocean, mainly due to warmer seawater lapping at its underside.
Thwaites Glacier reaches speeds of more than 33 feet (11 m) per day. The black box shows the location of four subglacial lakes that drained in 2013, increasing the glacier’s speed by about 10 percent.
But the details of its collapse remain uncertain. The details are necessary to provide a timeline for when to expect 2 feet of global sea-level rise, and when this glacier’s loss will help destabilize the much larger West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Recent efforts have used satellites to map the underlying terrain, which affects how quickly the ice mass will move, and measure the glacier’s thickness and speed to understand the physics of its changes.
Researchers at the University of Washington and the University of Edinburgh used data from the European Space Agency’s CryoSat-2 to identify sudden drainage of large pools below Thwaites Glacier, one of two fast-moving glaciers at the edge of the ice sheet.
The study published Feb. 8 in The Cryosphere finds four interconnected lakes drained in the eight months from June 2013 and January 2014. The glacier sped up by about 10 percent during that time, showing that the glacier’s long-term movement is fairly oblivious to trickles at its underside.
The ice surface above the lakes sank by as much as 20 meters (66 feet) in less than a year due to the drainage. Subglacial lakes are commonly seen with fast-flowing glaciers.
“This was a big event, and it confirms that the long-term speed-up that we’re observing for this glacier is probably driven by other factors, most likely in the ocean,” said corresponding author Ben Smith, a glaciologist with the UW’s Applied Physics Laboratory. “The water flow at the bed is probably not controlling the speed.”
Other glaciers, like some in Alaska and Greenland, can be very susceptible to changes in meltwater flow. The water there can pond beneath the glacier until it lifts off parts of its bed and suddenly surges forward. This can increase a glacier’s speed by several times and account for most of its motion.
Researchers were not certain whether such an effect might be at play with Thwaites Glacier.
Part of the Thwaites Glacier on the edge of West Antarctica.
“It’s been difficult to see details about water flow under the ice,” Smith said.
A new technique revealed how meltwater from lakes beneath Thwaites Glacier drained into the sea. It is the largest outflow from sub-glacial lakes reported for this region of West Antarctica.
For the new study, the authors use a new technique to discover drops at the glacier’s surface of up to 70 feet (20 meters) over a 20 kilometer by 40-kilometer area. Calculations show it was likely due to the emptying of four interconnected lakes, the largest about the size of Lake Washington, far below.
The peak drainage rate was about 8,500 cubic feet (240 cubic meters) per second, about half the flow of the Hudson River — the largest meltwater outflow yet reported for subglacial lakes in this region.
“This lake drainage is the biggest water movement that you would expect to see in this area, and it didn’t change the glacier’s speed by that much,” Smith said. The reason is likely that Thwaites Glacier is moving quickly enough, he said, that friction is heating up its underside to ice’s melting point. The glacier’s base is already wet and adding more water doesn’t make it much more slippery.
The new study supports previous UW research from 2014 showing that Thwaites Glacier will likely collapse within 200 to 900 years to cause seas to rise by 2 feet. Those calculations were made without detailed maps of how water flows at the glacier’s underbelly. The new results suggest that doesn’t really matter.
“If Thwaites Glacier had really jumped in response to this lake drainage, then that would have suggested that we need a more detailed model of where water is flowing at the bed,” Smith said. “Radar data from NASA’s Operation Ice Bridge program has told us a lot about the shape of Thwaites Glacier, but it’s very difficult to see how water is moving. Based on this result, that may not be a big problem”
Melting at the ice sheet base would refill the lakes in 20 to 80 years, Smith said. Over time meltwater gradually collects in depressions in the bedrock. When the water reaches a certain level it breaches a weak point, then flows through channels in the ice. As Thwaites Glacier thins near the coast, its surface will become steeper, Smith said, and the difference in ice pressure between inland regions and the coast may push water coastward and cause more lakes to drain.
He hopes to apply the same techniques to study lake drainage below other glaciers, to understand how water flow at the base affects overall glacier movement. When NASA’s ICESat-2 satellite launches in 2018 the calculations will be easy to do with high precision.
“In 2018 this changes from a hard project to an easy project, and I’m excited about that,” Smith said.
Other co-authors are Alexander Huth and Ian Joughin at the UW and Noel Gourmelen at the University of Edinburgh. The research was funded by NASA and the European Space Agency.
The Mystery Behind the “Rare Emerald Icebergs” of Antarctica
December 3, 2020 Archaeology World Team Leave a comment
For decades, the sight of bottle-green icebergs in the Antarctic has captivated polar travellers and scientists. The mysterious phenomena have intrigued many journals, but the “why for their presence has remained enigmatic. Today scientists have suggested a new theory of why these jade bergs are happening, and if verified, a decades-long enigma will be solved.
During an Australian expedition in 1988, the search to discover the secret of the green monoliths started when glaciologist Stephen Warren from the University of Washington climbed up on one to get a better look at it.
“What is most amazing is not their colour but rather their clarity, because they have no bubbles,” said Warren to IFLScience.
Ordinary icebergs, on the other hand, originate as snow and “as the snow is compressed under its own weight into ice, the air in the snow is closed off as bubbles. So glacier ice contains numerous bubbles, and icebergs are bright and cloudy.”
The emerald ice, however, has no bubbles, suggesting it is not ordinary glacier ice. Warren took a core sample from a glacier near East Antarctica’s Amery Ice Shelf and compared it to other green ice samples from Australian expeditions in the 1980s. He found that the clear jade colouration was due to marine ice, not glacier ice.
Most icebergs seen by sailors in Antarctica are white or blue, some are even striped.
Green is a rarity. At first, Warren’s team suspected impurities in the ocean water beneath were transforming the ice green, perhaps from the trapped microscopic particles of dead marine plants and animals. But a sample of the ice proved their theory wrong: green and blue marine ice have similar amounts of organic material.
Researchers on top of a large composite iceberg in October 1996.
It wasn’t until a few years ago that Warren was inspired to have another go at an idea. His inspiration was born from research by oceanographer Laura Herraiz-Borreguero at the University of Tasmania, who found that the Amery Ice Shelf core had nearly 500 times more iron than the glacial ice above.
He wondered if it was possible iron oxides are turning the common blue hue of ice a dark green. If so, where was the iron coming from? These compounds are scarce in many regions of the ocean.
Warren believes the answer may lie in “glacial flour” – the powder formed from glaciers grinding over bedrock, eroding particles from the surface. These iron-rich particles then flow into the ocean and become caught under an ice shelf, where they mingle with the marine ice as it forms.
The finding could play a role in sustaining life in the oceans. Iron is a key nutrient for the microscopic plants upon which many other organisms rely. If the green icebergs are shuttling iron from Antarctica’s mainland to the Southern Ocean, it could be a crucial process to marine life.
“Iron is the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean, so the biological oceanographers are keen to quantify the various sources of iron,” said Warren, whose study is published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans.
“Phytoplankton are the base of the food chain in the Southern Ocean. The photosynthesis by this phytoplankton also removes CO2 from the atmosphere, so they are important in the global carbon cycle.
With global warming, if the ocean water flowing in under the ice shelf becomes warmer, then probably less marine ice will form, and less iron will be delivered to the phytoplankton.”
To confirm their hypothesis, the team recommend further analysis of short cores from icebergs to measure dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon versus depth, as well as the mineralogy of the iron.
In the future, Warren, Herraiz-Borreguero, and her advisor Delphine Lannuzel hope to work together to sample icebergs for iron and measure their reflectance spectra.
This Green Iceberg was spotted on February 16th, 1985, in Antarctica.
Ancient pyramid discovered in Antarctica
October 26, 2020 Archaeology World Team Leave a comment
Three ancient pyramids have been discovered in Antarctica by a team of American and European scientists.
Two of the pyramids were “supposedly” discovered about 16 kilometers inland, while the third would be very close to the coast.
The first images of the pyramids between the ice, appeared in the Western media a year after their discovery, circumstances indicate that there may be evidence that the South Pole in the past had been quite warm to be inhabited by ancient and flourishing civilizations.
So far little is known about the pyramids, the team of explorers continues to maintain silence about the discovery.
The only reliable information provided by scientists was that they were planning an expedition to investigate and determine with certainty if the structures were of synthetic or natural origin, but to date has been disclosed yet no official confirmation.
If the researchers were able to show that the pyramids are of artificial origin, their findings could lead to a bigger and shocking review of the history of humanity.
Always in Antarctica, in 2009, scientists founded the particles of pollen in the atmosphere, a discovery that would lead to the hypothesis that once grew there palm trees and summer temperatures could reach at least 21°C.
Three years later, in 2012, scientists at the Desert Research Institute in Nevada have identified 32 species of bacteria in water samples of Lake Vida in East Antarctica.
It is difficult to believe that 50 million years ago palm trees thrived on today’s icy coasts of Antarctica.
The question then arises: is it possible that Antarctica was once warm enough so as to hosting an ancient civilization? But above all, in addition to the pyramids, what is hidden beneath that ice?
So the dilemma that still does not give us peace is: who, or what has created these pyramids in Antarctica? It is a pure invention, three mountains of natural origin, or of a disturbing reality?
Fossil Forest Unearthed in the Arctic
Scientist Unearths a Colony of Mummified Penguins in Antarctica
October 3, 2020 Archaeology World Team Leave a comment
Steven Emslie was finishing a season in January 2016 of researching Penguin colonies near the Antarctica-based Italian station Zucchelli. With the austral Summer quickly coming to a close and all planned work completed, Dr. Emslie, an ornithologist at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington, did what any good scientist would do with a few extra days in the Antarctic: He went exploring.
On a rocky cape along the Scott Coast, he heard talk of penguin guano, but he knew no active colonies there. Curious, he arranged and searched around for a helicopter flight to the area and had a look around.
“Because over a hundred years ago Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton had visited the region and had not written about any penguins on this particular site, I did not expect to see anything because they were writing about the penguins often when they saw them,” he said.
And yet, Dr. Emslie immediately knew he had stumbled upon something intriguing when he arrived. “There were pebbles everywhere,” he recalled.
While pebbles are an everyday find on other continents, it is rare to spot them in abundance on dry land in Antarctica. A key exception is found in Adélie penguin colonies, as the birds collect the small stones from the beaches to build their nests.
The pebbles had been gathered together into nests and recently been dispersed a bit by the weather. Then Dr. Emslie saw the guano. There was a lot of dried penguin waste creating iconic white stains on the nearby rocks. Then he found the penguin corpses.
Due to the warming climate, the ice preserving the penguin corpses melted away and revealed the bodies of penguins from an ancient colony.
With feathers still intact and flesh having barely decayed, Dr. Emslie was stunned.
“I remember thinking, wow, a penguin colony that even Shackleton didn’t know about,” he said.
The shock gave way to further curiosity and led him to wonder what could possibly have befallen the colony. Fascinated, he collected some remains and took them back for carbon-dating analysis to work out when the birds had died.
With dates of death that ranged from 800 to 5,000 years ago, Dr. Emslie immediately realized that the guano, feathers, bones, and pebbles had all been locked in place under layers of ice for centuries and that the “freshly dead” penguins were in fact recently defrosted mummies that had been swallowed by advancing snowfields long ago.
Scott and Shackleton could be forgiven for not spotting this colony as it had been entirely hidden from view when the explorers had been in the region.
A mummified Adélie penguin chick, discovered under melted ice in Antarctica.
The find paints a picture of a site that, after experiencing periodic Adélie penguin occupation over thousands of years, saw that occupation come to an abrupt end approximately 800 years ago.
Dr. Emslie speculates in the journal Geology. where he reported his findings in mid-September, that cooling temperatures drove a type of sea ice to form along the coast that persisted well into summer months. Known as “fast ice” because it “fastens” to the coastline, this sea ice makes it very difficult for penguins to gain access to beaches and prevents them from colonizing places where it occurs.
He said he thought the ice forced the colony to be abandoned but also suggested that warming temperatures might change things in the years ahead.
With Antarctic ice melting and sea levels rising, established penguin colonies are being forced to disperse to new places. Dr. Emslie suggests that the penguins could then return to sites like this one.
“They need pebbles for their nests, so they are going to find all the pebbles that are already on the land at this site very attractive,” he said. “I would not be surprised to see them make this place their home again in the near future.”
Other penguin experts agree.
“We always thought Adélie penguins carried a strong impulse to return to the nesting sites they were born at year after year but, as several catastrophic ice collapses have shown us recently, they are actually pretty adaptable,” said David Ainley, a penguin ecologist at H.T. Harvey & Associates, an ecological consulting firm.
“We’ve seen that Adélies will roam the coast in small flocks and, if they find a promising-looking site like this one, they will make it their home,” he said.
600 million-year-old fossils of tiny humanoids found in Antarctica
May 29, 2020 Archaeology World Team Leave a comment
In the rocky terrain of the Whitmore mountain range in Antarctica there have been found fossilized skeletal remains of what seems to be extremely small humans.
Tiny fossilized skeletons were found in the Whitmore mountain range
Interestingly enough, this discovery was made while yours truly was in Antarctica on assignment for The National Reporter to debunk a ridiculous tabloid story about a UFO base in the area.
While investigating this silly story with several colleagues, we happened upon a group of paleontologists who were searching for evidence that dinosaurs had once roamed the Antarctic continent before it tore loose from Africa and South America and drifted southward to its present location.
Top; Basecamp with National Reporter tent in the foreground. Bottom; Star reporter Ace Flashman walking with his investigative team.
What they found instead astonished them, not only because of what it was but because of its age.
“We tested the fossils and have determined without a shadow of a doubt that they are at least 600 million years old.” Doctor Marly of Cambridge University told us.
“600 million years ago, jellyfish first appeared. There were no human beings in the world and there wouldn’t be any for nearly five hundred and 60 million years. There weren’t even any dinosaurs around at that time.”
“The first skeleton we found was hidden within the layers of a large piece of sedimentary rock that we had broken loose from the mountainside.
We knew that it would most likely contain some fossils because of its type and age.” Dr.Marly explained.
“When we split the rock apart we were completely confused. Here was this fossil from an age when the appearance of the first vertebrates was still millions of years off and it was a complete skeleton. And not only that, it appeared to be human.”
The first fossilized skeleton they found was less than a foot tall.
“The second skeleton was a very good specimen, Unlike the first one, the second skeleton was in a fully extended position with excellent detail.” Dr. Marly told us.
“It is quite obvious from our study of these skeletons that they are definitely human and not a species of primate. Who they were and how large their population was and if they were technologically advanced is a complete mystery.”
The second tiny skeleton was very well-preserved and showed quite a bit of detail.
The fossils have been flown to the National Institute of ancient studies in Washington DC for further analysis.
The National Reporter will be doing a follow-up report on this amazing discovery within the next few months.
The National Reporter would also like to stress to our readers that these tiny fossilized humanoid skeletons are not the remains of extraterrestrial aliens as we expect the tabloids will be reporting it when the news breaks.
If you encounter any stories of these fossils that claim they are extra-terrestrial in origin, please ignore them.
Antarctica exposed: Very unusual 90 million-year-old dinosaur discovery made after the scan
April 21, 2020 Archaeology World Team Leave a comment
The group, which included researchers from Imperial College London, explored fossilized remains 30 meters below west Antarctica’s ice for 90 million years.
A study of preserved roots pollen and spores revealed that the environment at that time was much warmer than previously thought. Led by geoscientists from the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany, their work suggests summer averages in this Cretaceous environment would have been in the 20Cs (68Fs).
Their findings, published in the journal Nature online, suggests Antarctica once had a thriving rainforest.
ANTARCTICA scientists made a “very unusual” discovery dating back 90 million years to the time when dinosaurs roamed the icy continent.
A video announcing the finds, detailed earlier this month: “A mission to the Antarctic has revealed fossilized plant roots preserved deep under the ocean since the time of the dinosaurs.
“It seems this freezing landscape was once home to a lush forest.
“Johann Klages and his team set out on a ship with a special drill to extract a core of material stretching down 30 meters into the seafloor.
“Studying the core, including analysis of fossilized pollen and spores, is revealing more about the environment of this ancient rainforest.
“This was one of the warmest periods in Earth’s history, with carbon dioxide levels several times higher than they are today.”
Dr. Klages explained how the team took a CT scan of what they found.
He said: “90 million years ago, a temperate rainforest existed in West Antarctica, only 900km away from the South Pole.
“When we extracted the core, we could already see what was inside and that it was very unusual, therefore we decided to scan them in a CT scanner back home.
“What we see here is an overview of the CT-scanned core and the yellow strata that we see is the sandstone, and now we transition into the network of fossil roots, and we can nicely see how the roots are connected with each other and are pristinely preserved.
“We have thin roots, we have thick roots and it’s really a network as you would get in a forest near you if you drilled down.”
Dr. Klages said that it is likely dinosaurs would have roamed the continent more than 90 million years ago.
He added: “It revealed a very warm temperature for this latitude and annual mean temperatures that are similar to those of northern Italy.
“It would be very certain that also dinosaurs and insects lived in that environment and in an environment that was dark for about four months during the year because we have the polar light.
“These extreme greenhouse climates are important for us to understand in full detail because it allows us to look into the future of how the planet will look if we excessively emit CO2 as we do now.”
Evidence of 90-million-year-old rainforest uncovered beneath the Antarctic ice
April 6, 2020 Archaeology World Team Leave a comment
The well-preserved rainforest seeds, pollens and spores of 90 million year old (mid-cretaceous) rainforest plants in Western Antarctica have been discovered by an international team of paleontologists and geologists.
Reconstruction of the West Antarctic mid-Cretaceous temperate rainforest. The painting is based on paleofloral and environmental information inferred from palynological, geochemical, sedimentological and organic biomarker data obtained from cores at the site of PS104_20-2, Antarctica.
The mid-Cretaceous period (115 million to 80 million years ago) was the heyday of the dinosaurs but was also the warmest period in the past 140 million years, with temperatures in the tropics as high as 35 degrees Celsius and sea level 170 m higher than today.
However, little was known about the environment south of the Antarctic Circle at this time.
Professor Tina van of Flierdt, a professor at the Departments of Earth Science and Engineering at Imperial College London, said “The survival of this 90 million-year-old forest is remarkable but even more surprising is the world that it reveals.
“Even during months of darkness, swampy temperate rainforests were able to grow close to the South Pole, revealing an even warmer climate than we expected.”
The evidence for the Antarctic forest comes from a core of sediment drilled at the site of PS104_20-2 (73.57°S, 107.09°W; 946 m water depth) near the Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers in West Antarctica.
One section of the core, that would have originally been deposited on land, caught the scientists’ attention with its strange color.
“During the initial shipboard assessments, the unusual coloration of the sediment layer quickly caught our attention; it clearly differed from the layers above it,” said Dr. Johann Klages, a geologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research.
The team CT-scanned the section of the core and discovered an intact 3-m-long network of fossil roots, which was so well preserved that they could make out individual cell structures.
The 90-million-year-old sample also contained countless traces of pollen and spores from plants, including the first remnants of flowering plants ever found at these high Antarctic latitudes.
“The numerous plant remains indicate that 93 to 83 million years ago the coast of West Antarctica was a swampy landscape in which temperate rainforests grew — similar to the forests that can still be found, say, on New Zealand’s South Island,” said Professor Ulrich Salzmann, a paleoecologist at Northumbria University.
Example microscopic images from thin sections of 90-million-year-old fossil roots: (a) overview scan of root fragment with indicated locations of detailed microscopic images (b-e); white arrows indicate the locations of preserved parenchyma storage cells, including potential aerenchyma gas exchange cells (d). Scale bar in (d) applies to (b-e).
To reconstruct the environment of this preserved forest, the researchers assessed the climatic conditions under which the plants’ modern descendants live, as well as analyzing temperature and precipitation indicators within the sample.
They found that the annual mean air temperature was around 12 degrees Celsius. Average summer temperatures were around 19 degrees Celsius; water temperatures in the rivers and swamps reached up to 20 degrees.
They conclude that 90 million years ago the Antarctic continent was covered with dense vegetation, there were no land-ice masses on the scale of an ice sheet in the South Pole region, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere was far higher than previously assumed for the mid-Cretaceous period.
“Before our study, the general assumption was that the global carbon dioxide concentration in the Cretaceous was roughly 1,000 ppm,” Dr. Klages said.
“But in our model-based experiments, it took concentration levels of 1,120 to 1,680 ppm to reach the average temperatures back then in the Antarctic.”
EUROPE, SWITZERLAND, WORLD
Celtic woman found buried inside a TREE ‘wearing fancy clothes and jewellery’ after 2,200 years
Did ancient Egyptians trade nicotine and cocaine with the New World?
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World Humanitarian Day - 1 Day, 1 World, 1 Message
International star Beyoncé, the UN and humanitarian aid organizations are launching a global campaign to shine a spotlight on humanitarian work and encourage people around the world to get involved by doing something good for others.
World Humanitarian Day is a global day to celebrate humanity and the spirit of people helping people.
The World Humanitarian Day music video for Beyoncé’s song “I Was Here” will be filmed in the UN General Assembly Hall in New York in front of a live audience. It will be released globally on 19 August. Beyoncé and songwriter Diane Warren are donating the video to the campaign.
“World Humanitarian Day celebrates humanitarian work,” said Valerie Amos, UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs. “I hope everyone will pledge to complete at least one humanitarian action - however great or small - through www.whd-iwashere.org. Together we can create an unprecedented awareness of the plight of people affected by crises around the world.”
The campaign website provides everyone with an opportunity to unite and share his or her individual acts of good. On 19 August, the campaign aims to reach 1 billion people in a day with a single message.
“We all see the headlines and we think what can I really do to help?” said Beyoncé. “World Humanitarian Day is an opportunity for all of us to work together to make a difference. This is our time to leave our mark on the world and show that we were here and we care.”
The campaign is launched in collaboration with award-winning advertising agency Droga5, the UN humanitarian arm’s lead agency for special projects. Production company Ridley Scott & Associates and directors Kenzo Digital and Sophie Muller will help bring the initiative to life.
“There are few forces for good as extensive and important as the United Nations,” said David Droga, Founder and Creative Chairman, Droga5. “Being able to work with them and other global aid organizations for World Humanitarian Day is a humbling and extraordinary opportunity.”
Communities and organizations across the globe will celebrate World Humanitarian Day through commemorations and public events, from Dubai to Geneva, Bangkok to Panama City and Addis Ababa to New York.
In 2008, the UN General Assembly designated 19 August World Humanitarian Day to raise public awareness of humanitarian assistance worldwide, recognize people who risk their lives to help people in need, wherever they are, and to mark the day in 2003 when 22 people lost their lives in an attack on the UN offices in Baghdad.
It takes only five simple steps to support World Humanitarian Day.
1. Visit www.whd-iwashere.org
2. Click on “Show Your Support”.
3. Choose to support World Humanitarian Day via Twitter, Facebook or both, and get the word out to your friends and followers.
4. Continue tweeting and posting in the lead-up to 19 August.
5. On 19 August, make your mark by doing something in your local community, and watch as everyone’s World Humanitarian Day messages are simultaneously shared around the world.
Source: UN OCHA - United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
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By Sun/Moon Combos
People with Sun in Aquarius, Ascendant in Capricorn
Birth Charts of People with Sun in Aquarius, Ascendant in Capricorn
Sun in Aquarius represents free-spirited expression, visionary in one's approach, embracing uniqueness and valuing personal freedom. Ascendant in Capricorn represents a diligent and persistent demeanor, their disposition is calm and collected and their and appearing with a subdued, tasteful and mild manner.
In lists of people filtered by their Ascendant, you may notice some people are 'greyed out'. These individuals have a birth time rated below 'good' and thus have a questionable Ascendant (which changes by hour). Use these data points with caution!
Jamie Brewer
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Cadiz, Ohio, United States
9° Sagittarius
Oakland, California, United States
Santa Monica, California, United States
Detroit, Michigan, United States
Shaker Heights, Ohio, United States
Tuskegee, Alabama, United States
Weymouth, Massachusetts, United States
Alan Alda
New York City, New York, United States
Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
Laguna Beach, California, United States
Michael Hutchence
Kildare, Leinster, Ireland
Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States
Karl Wallenda
Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Luca Badoer
Veneto, Veneto, Italy
31 people were found.
Jamie Brewer by RedCarpetReport, is licensed under cc-by-sa-2.0, resized from the original.
Leslie Nielsen by Alan Light, is licensed under cc-by-2.0, resized from the original.
Billie Joe Armstrong by Wildboy5699, is licensed under cc-by-sa-4.0, resized from the original.
Mariska Hargitay by Joella Marano, is licensed under cc-by-sa-2.0, resized from the original.
Tom Selleck by Dominick D, is licensed under cc-by-sa-2.0, resized from the original.
Rob Corddry by Gage Skidmore, is licensed under cc-by-sa-3.0, resized from the original.
Alan Alda by Bridget Laudien, is licensed under cc-by-sa-3.0, resized from the original.
Cristiano Ronaldo by , is licensed under cc-by-sa-3.0, resized from the original.
Lauren Conrad by Glenn Francis, is licensed under cc-by-sa-3.0, resized from the original.
Michael Hutchence by Andwhatsnext, is licensed under cc-by-sa-3.0, resized from the original.
Elijah Wood by Gage Skidmore, is licensed under cc-by-sa-2.0, resized from the original.
Luca Badoer by Morio, is licensed under cc-by-sa-3.0, resized from the original.
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Hamilton receives UK’s BBC Sports Personality of the Year
In a vote by BBC viewers, Hamilton beat footballer Jordan Henderson, jockey Hollie Doyle, snooker legend Ronnie O'Sullivan, cricketer Stuart Broad and boxer Tyson Fury to the 2020 award.
He previously won the award in 2014 on the back of his second F1 title victory, and Hamilton has now become a two-time SPOTY winner in a season in which he beat Michael Schumacher's win record and matched the German driver's tally of seven titles.
Hamilton was also recognised for his support of global social issues, having set up the Hamilton Commission to help drive equality within motorsport and STEM subjects, along with his willingness to spread awareness of systemic racism and inequality in other areas of society.
He finished second in the previous two SPOTY votes, which are conducted by the public, and lost out to cyclist Geraint Thomas in 2018 and cricketer Ben Stokes last year. Hamilton also finished second in 2007 and 2008, following an impressive start to his F1 career.
Hamilton exclusive: Why being F1's GOAT isn't the goal Hamilton "proud" Wolff will remain Mercedes team principal
In a video message, Hamilton thanked the voters for their support and offered a message of positivity while accepting his award.
“I just want to say congratulations to all the incredible nominees because I'm so proud of what they have achieved this year and I really want to say thank you for everyone that's called in and voted for me,” he said. “I really wasn't expecting this knowing that there's so many great contenders.
“But I think we're all winners, and I really want to send a Merry Christmas to everyone. I know it's been such an unusual year, but to all the frontline workers and all the children around the world: please try and stay positive through this difficult time.
“I'm sending everyone positivity and, again, thank you from the bottom of my heart.”
Former F1 champions Nigel Mansell and Damon Hill are also two-time SPOTY winners, while Sir Jackie Stewart also won the accolade in 1973 following his third title and subsequent retirement from F1 and the late Stirling Moss also won it in 1961.
“I think this year has just shown, and it does every year, just shows how many iconic heroes we have in the UK,” added Hamilton. “I'm just really proud to be amongst them all, and I will continue to try and do my part for representing the country in the best way I can.
“And please everyone out there, go out and follow your dreams. For the kids, please never give up on yourself. Continue to believe in yourself, because you have what it takes to be great.”
Mercedes principal Toto Wolff was also a nominee for the Coach of the Year award, but lost out to Liverpool manager Jurgen Klopp, who guided the team to the 2019-20 English Premier League title earlier this year.
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Audi In Formula E: Title Win In First Year
billcho
source: Audi Sport
Audi will continue racing with electric power in 2019 after the brand proved its e-expertise right in its first year by winning the teams’ championship. When the new Formula E season starts in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) on December 15, 2018 Daniel Abt and Lucas di Grassi will battle for titles again in the newly developed Audi e-tron FE05.
Audi is committed to electric mobility – on the road with the new Audi e-tron and on the race track ever since 2014, as well as with its own factory team in Formula E since 2017. For nearly 40 years, the brand has been active in top-caliber racing in order to test new technologies for production. quattro, TFSI, TDI and hybrid are now followed by e-tron. “In Formula E, we demonstrate Vorsprung durch Technik in e-mobility,” says Peter Mertens, Member of the Board of Management, Technical Development, of AUDI AG.
Audi was the first German automobile manufacturer on the Formula E grid in the 2017/2018 season. With four victories and a total of eleven podium finishes Audi Sport ABT Schaeffler won the teams’ championship after twelve races around the globe. The commitment in the fully electric racing series is the electric pillar of Audi’s motorsport activities. Formula E is currently experiencing a boom as a result of additional manufacturers and partners joining the series.
Head of Audi Motorsport Dieter Gass: “By winning the teams’ championship we proved our expertise in e-mobility right in our first year in Formula E. We intend to build on this success and are ready to pit ourselves against the numerous new competitors.”
The new season marks the beginning of a new era in Formula E: For the first time since the series was started in 2014, only one race car per driver will be fielded. The previously required mid-race car swap will cease because the battery capacity is now sufficient to cover the full 45 minutes: another aspect that proves how motorsport – and particularly Formula E – is a driver of innovations and technologies. With the Audi e-tron FE05 Audi has meticulously prepared for the new technical and strategic challenges.
The Audi e-tron FE04 in the season that just ended was Audi’s first fully electric race car. The brand also showcases the e-tron FE04 at the premiere of its first all-electric production model in San Francisco. While in Formula E’s inaugural season in 2014/2015 identical electric race cars were still used, the teams and manufacturers have been allowed to develop the entire powertrain themselves since the 2015/2016 season. It consists of the motor, transmission, parts of the suspension and the related software. Its centerpiece is the combination of the motor and transmission that Audi and its technology partner Schaeffler have jointly developed. The main emphasis of the engineers is on making the motor-generator unit as efficient as possible and to achieve a high level of energy conversion efficiency.
Like in other professional racing series, in-season technical modifications are no longer allowed. Instead, engineers and drivers are primarily challenged to extract the optimum from the existing package and to perfectly adapt the car to the respective city circuit. The software offers the greatest scope for this purpose. In Formula E, it is central especially in terms of energy management. Here, the development of production cars benefits from the experiences in motorsport as well.
Following a final appearance in San Francisco, the championship-winning race car Audi e-tron FE04 will clear the way for its FE05 successor. With a spectacular design that is unique in motorsport the new model has been causing a sensation even months before the season opens, just like initial ideas for a set of revolutionary regulations for the races. In order to provide the drivers and teams with various strategic options after the elimination of the required pit stop, the officials are discussing so-called activation zones. Although located trackside and therefore involving a small detour, they give the driver an extra power boost for his car. This guarantees suspense.
13 races in twelve metropolises are planned for season five. Between the opener in Riyadh and the two final rounds in New York in mid-July 2019, the series will visit Marrakesh, Santiago de Chile, Mexico City, Hong Kong, Sanya, Rome, Paris, Monaco, Berlin and Zurich. Each race will last 45 minutes and not be held on permanent race tracks but on temporary city circuits.
Team Audi Sport ABT Schaeffler is a founding member of Formula E and has been on the grid with Daniel Abt and Lucas di Grassi ever since the inaugural race. The Brazilian clinched the title in the drivers’ championship in season three (2016/2017).
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Dampening the Fuse in the Wider Middle East
In Conflict Resolution, Cultural Bridges, Current Events, Human Development, Human Rights, Middle East & North Africa, NGOs, Solidarity, The Search for Peace, United Nations, World Law on August 21, 2018 at 8:13 PM
In an article “The Fuse: A Chain of Nations in Conflict” in the Bulletin of Peace Proposals (Number 2, 1980), Alan and Hanna Newcombe compared adjacent States in conflict to a fuse of a bomb which would be a wider or more violent armed conflict.
“The diffusion of war from nation to nation along the chain is facilitated by certain properties of the chain: geographic adjacency, high military preparedness, substantive conflicts between successive neighbors and a chain of two against one alliance which cause each nation to see itself surrounded by enemies.”
There is now a danger of creating such a chain of two against one alliance which would institutionalize the current divides among States in the wider Middle East. Tentatively set for October 12-13, President Trump plans to bring Arab allies to the White House to forge a military alliance against Iran. Officially known as the Middle East Strategic Alliance, it is often called the “Arab NATO” – a Saudi-led effort that includes the Gulf Cooperation Council, Egypt and Jordan.
Such a formal military-political alliance could be the match that sets the fuse burning. The wider Middle East is the scene of rapid socioeconomic change and political flux. Factions from this Arab-Islamic heartland are considered prime movers of terrorism, both within the heartland and reaching out to Europe and the USA. Countries from outside the heartland zone of instability, in particular the USA, Russia, and Western Europe consider this zone of Middle East important to their national interests.
Moreover, the Arab-Islamic heartland which includes Israel is by far the largest importer of major conventional weapons and associated military services. Hostility is the order of the day. “My enemy’s enemy is my friend” is the first rule of the conflict game.
Efforts by the United Nations (UN) to foster negotiations in good faith in the armed conflicts of Yemen, Syria, and Libya have not been successful. The withdrawal of the USA from the Iran Nuclear Accord has seriously weakened the Accord. Negotiations on Yemen are to start at the UN in Geneva in early September, but there are few signs that the parties in this conflict are willing to compromise. Negotiation among Israelis and Palestinians, at least in public, are at a dead point, and tensions are growing.
A wider awareness of the fuse effect should lead to a wider vision of the issues. The lack of this wider vision is one of the major weakness of the policy making of States. A wider vision would stress three inter-related aspects:
– the wide geographic area and the impact of extra-regional States;
– the many regional factors that interact: the social structures, the economic production, ethnic loyalties, religious convictions, political power struggles, external influences;
– the longtime dimension which has created the institutions and the attitudes now present.
Thus, there is a need for what is likely to be a slow and difficult reweaving of the social fabric of the Arab-Islamic heartland: a social weave that will include many different ethnic groups and religious currents, a weave that will integrate people at very different stages of modernization. This weave of a new society will have to integrate Israel which is a regional power in the same way that Israel will have to integrate the Arab-Islamic culture as a legitimate component of Israeli society. The weave of a new Arab-Islamic society will contain three types of strands:
– new attitudes;
– new institutions of consultation, compromise and cooperation;
– new governmental policies based on compromise and cooperation.
The Association of World Citizens has for a good number of years proposed a Conference for Security and Cooperation in the Middle East with full recognition of all States in the region, with steps toward a Middle East Common Market, and cooperation on water issues. Such a Middle East Conference is based on the Helsinki Conference of 1973-1975.
Some seeds for a Middle East version of the Helsinki process were planted but have not yet sprouted. The 1975 Helsinki Final Act has a chapter entitled “Questions relating to security and cooperation in the Mediterranean”. The link between security in Europe and the Mediterranean has been formalized starting in 1994 with the Mediterranean Partners for Cooperation: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, Israel. It is theoretically possible for leadership from these six states to propose an enlargement. Libya and Lebanon can also be considered Mediterranean. One could also start with a totally new process – inspired by the example of the Helsinki process but with no organic link.
Thus, it is not an “Arab NATO” which is called for but a Conference on Security and Cooperation in the Middle East that is needed.
« Before Freedom From Fear: Still an Unmet Goal July 27, 2018
AfterKofi Annan (1938-2018): A way forward for the resolution of armed conflicts through negotiations in good faith August 21, 2018 »
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VetTix Camping World 200
AM Racing, Austin Wayne Self welcomes Squeeze Marketing with front row seats at Atlanta.
HAMPTON, Ga.: With his 24th birthday just days in the rear-view mirror, AM Racing’s Austin Wayne Self heads to Atlanta (Ga.) Motor Speedway for Saturday afternoon’s VetTix | Camping World 200 hoping to celebrate a little more.
Of course, winning is tough at any professional level, but for the Statesville, N.C.-based team, a top-10 finish in the third NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series race of the season would feel like a win and a perfect belated birthday present for the Austin, Texas native.
In the most recent race at Las Vegas (Nev.) Motor Speedway, Self improved on a 26th-place qualifying effort to finish a season-high 17th, but wanting more for his family-owned team, Self is ready to get back to the consistency his AM Racing team dished out throughout the second half of the 2019 season.
“It was a good birthday,” said Self. “I spent the day at the shop hanging with my team and getting the trucks ready for Atlanta and Homestead. We left Vegas content that we were able to bounce back from the troubles at Daytona – but knowing that our team has a lot more to offer.
“We hope to prove that as the season gets into a routine. Hopefully, we can come out of Atlanta with a good finish and some momentum for the upcoming races at Homestead and Texas.”
Self will make his fourth career NGOTS start at Atlanta’s fast and bumpy 1.5-mile oval. And while a late-race accident ruined the team’s day last season at Atlanta – Self said before the crash, he was happy with the performance of his No. 22 Chevrolet Silverado.
“We were making strides towards contending for a top-10 and within a matter of seconds, our day was done,” recalled Self. “This weekend, redemption is on the line. We’ve made great headway with the performance of our intermediate program lately and I hope we’re able to showcase that on Saturday afternoon.
“Atlanta is a bumpy race track but that provides the opportunity for great racing. The trucks still draft a lot when it comes to the mile-and-a-half tracks, so it’s important for us to get that right balance with our truck, especially over the bumps and being able to capitalize on the runs that you’ll get during the race.
“Drafting will be important Saturday but so will handling. That will produce a good show for the fans and hopefully we’re a part of the mix.”
After a two-week hiatus, AM Racing returns to the track with additional support for the 134-lap race.
Squeeze Marketing will serve as an associate partner for the VetTix | Camping World 200.
Squeeze Marketing is a full-service digital and print marketing agency based in Charleston, SC that specializes in planning, developing, optimizing, distributing, measuring, and interacting with content through social media, email, websites, mobile apps, and digital advertising. Squeeze Marketing helps businesses of all shapes and sizes distinguish themselves from their competitors by focusing on establishing a unique brand and identity.
They thrive on fundamentally improving their clients’ marketing with efficient and effective execution day in and day out, and they have a ton of fun doing it.
Squeeze’s core services include website design and development, SEO/SEM, digital advertising, graphic design, social media marketing, apparel, and public relations.
“We are thrilled to have the opportunity to be a part of this race in Atlanta” said Squeeze Marketing co-owner Brian Gargone. “We have worked closely with the family on a few projects over the last few months and are looking forward to helping the race team succeed in any way possible.”
“The opportunity to bring out the Squeeze Team to experience the culture of the AM Racing Team will be one that we will remember for a long time.”
“It’s always exciting to bring a new partner to NASCAR,” offered Self. “Squeeze Marketing is working with one of our other partners and wanted the experience the racing industry firsthand. We look forward to hosting some of their executives at the track and expanding our relationship with them in the future.”
For the lone trip to the Peach State this season, GO TEXAN and AM Technical Solutions will serve as major associate partners for Saturday afternoon’s race.
Don’t mess with Texas, CForce Bottling Company, Flying Circle and Kreuz Market will serve as associate partners in the third race of the year.
In 86 NGROTS races, the 2014 ARCA Menards Series Rookie of the Year has two top-fives (second at Daytona 2017, fifth at Michigan 2019) and seven top-10 finishes. The Texan maintains an average finish of 18.1 during his five years of competition.
The Austin, Texas native is nestled 23rd in the championship standings with 21 races remaining.
For more on Austin Wayne Self, please visit awsracing.com, like his Facebook page (Austin Wayne Self) or follow him on Twitter @AustinWSelf.
For more on AM Racing, please visit AMRacingteam.com, like their Facebook page (AM Racing) or follow them on Twitter @AMRacingNASCAR.
For more on Squeeze Marketing or to learn how they can help grow your business, please visit squeezemarket.com.
For more information on Don’t mess with Texas and how you can become involved in the program, visit dontmesswithtexas.org.
For more on Flying Circle, please visit flyingcirclegear.com, like them on Facebook (FlyingCircleGear) and follow them on Instagram (@flyingcirclegear) and Twitter (@flyingcircle_). Also connect with Flying Circle on Pinterest and YouTube.
Visit JB Henderson Construction online at jbhenderson.com.
For additional information on CForce premium artesian water, please visit cforce.com.
For more on Kreuz Market, please visit kreuzmarket.com. like them on Facebook (KreuzMarketLockhart) and follow them on Twitter (@kreuzmarket).
The VetTix | Camping World 200 (134 laps| 201 miles) is the third of 23 NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series races on the 2020 schedule. Practice begins on Fri., Mar. 13 from 1:35 p.m. – 2:25 p.m. A final short 25-minute final practice session has been etched in from 4:32 p.m. – 4:57 p.m. Qualifying is set for race day, Sat., Mar. 14 beginning at 10:05 a.m. The 32-truck field will take the green flag shortly after 1:30 p.m. with live coverage on FOX Sports 1 (FS1), the Motor Racing Network (Radio) and SiriusXM NASCAR Radio (Satellite Radio, Channel 90). All times are local (Eastern).
About GO TEXAN:
GO TEXAN is a widely recognized brand. It represents a diverse collection of people, products and services that are genuinely Texan. Whether it’s grown, sewn or served on a plate, more than 26 million Texans shop, travel and dine out in full support of Texas business and agriculture.
Consumers make buying decisions based on the prestige of GO TEXAN, a desire to support the Texas economy and the value received from buying local.
About AM Technical Solutions:
Headquartered in Austin, TX, AM Technical Solutions was founded in 1994. AM Technical Solutions is a Global Architecture, Engineering & Construction firm specializing in the high-tech markets. AMTS has managed over $20B of global capital projects for over 170 different customers in 24 countries and across five continents.
For more information, please visit amts.com.
About AM Racing:
AM Racing is a NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series (NGROTS) team owned by entrepreneur Tim Self.
Established in December 2015, AM Racing is headquartered in Statesville, N.C. Operated by Self, a native of Austin, Texas, the team is prided on faith, honesty and intelligent performance.
The team has named Austin Wayne Self as its driver for the 2020 season.
Categories News Tags AM Racing Team, Atlanta Motor Speedway, Austin Wayne Self, NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series, VetTix Camping World 200
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Cubs of the Caliphate
September 26, 2017 Islamic Extremists, Islamic StateAbdul Hasib, Cubs of the Caliphate, Islamic Statebelfastchildis
Brainwashed ‘cubs of the caliphate’ shoot prisoners in the back of the head in sickening new ISIS execution video
Shocking video shows young boys carrying out brutal executions in Afghanistan
So-called ‘cubs of the caliphate’ rant at the camera before murdering two ‘spies’
A separate scene shows four adult jihadists shooting three more prisoners
Brainwashed children brandishing handguns shoot prisoners in the back of the head in a brutal new ISIS execution video.
The two boys, both dressed in black, force their captives to kneel in front of them in front of the doorway of a building in Afghanistan.
Footage shows them aggressively pulling back the heads of the two terrified ‘spies’ before the younger of the two jihadists starts ranting at the camera. They then point their handguns at their prisoners and carry out the killings.
The children are so-called ‘cubs of the caliphate’ – the name given to youngsters who have been brainwashed with ISIS ideologies and trained to fight and kill for the terror group.
ISIS has released several videos, including one earlier this year, showing young children carrying out brutal executions of adults, training with weapons, and pledging allegiance to ISIS.
Last month it emerged that the head of ISIS in Afghanistan was killed in a raid carried out by Afghan and US special forces, the country’s president said.
Abdul Hasib died during an attack by 50 US special forces and 40 Afghan commandos overnight on April 27, President Ashraf Ghani said.
See Daily Mail for full Story & Video
The Cubs of the Caliphate
How the Islamic State Attracts,
Coerces and Indoctrinates Children to its Cause
Since its declaration of a Caliphate in 2014, the Islamic State (IS) has released a number of publications depicting children participating in rallies, undergoing training, undertaking combat operations and even executing prisoners. Armed groups exploiting children in war zones is nothing new and across Iraq and Syria, many factions have been accused of employing children as spies and messengers to actual soldiers.
However, the scale and sophistication employed by the IS in attracting, coercing, training and indoctrinating children into its cause is particularly noteworthy. Referred to as the “Cubs of the Caliphate” (ashbal alkhalifa), these children are not just a present-day threat on the battlefield, but a potential threat for the future, as the question of what happens to them once the Islamic State is defeated remains.
For armed groups and insurgencies, using children in their operations have
a number of pragmatic benefits: Children often appear less suspicious to security
forces, are easier to indoctrinate and often difficult to fight against for a number
of practical and political reasons.
The IS is certainly aware of these benefits when it includes children in its operations. However, the IS’ motivations for recruiting children extend beyond simple pragmatism. By training children in not only warfare but also ideology, the IS seems to be working towards consolidating its state-building project and making sure that even if its organisation comes to an end, its ideology will persist.
Moreover, although the IS has attracted a number of foreign fighters into its fold, it has consistently failed to attract the loyalty of major jihadist organisations or worldwide grassroots support. The fact that the IS seems to not just train children as soldiers but raise them as a new generation of citizens loyal to its cause supports the notion that it has “given up” on gaining the support of the adult population in the areas it inhabits.
The purpose of this report is therefore to analyse how the IS recruits children into its cause, whether through forceful means like kidnap and coercion or through means based on enticement to encourage children to join voluntarily. It then looks into the training camps and schools operated by the IS to see how the children are gradually de-sensitised to violence trained in combat and ideology.
How the Islamic State Recruits Children
The IS uses a wide variety of tools to recruit children into its cause, both voluntarily and involuntarily. More often than not, these tools are part of the IS’ wider state-building apparatus and are deployed alongside other projects aimed at the general population in areas it has under its influence. This report has identified four primary sources of underage recruitment for the IS:
• Public Events, Projects and Services
• Enticement and Gifts
• Kidnapping and Forced Recruitment
• Children of Islamic State Supporters
As a result of the Syrian Civil War and the US occupation of Iraq and the subsequent insurgency, many areas across Syria and Iraq have suffered from endemic insecurity, scarcity and unavailability of public services. Under these circumstances, one of the Islamic State’s greatest sources of legitimacy in the areas it controls has been the restoration of security and services in the areas it controls.
The IS is well aware of the propaganda value of such efforts and in the areas it has limited control over or has not consolidated yet, it tends to engage in a “charm offensive” designed towards familiarising the locals with the positive side of the IS. Referred to as Da’wa (“the call”), these events cost the IS little but can build up tremendous grassroots support. Da’wa sessions involve distribution of food and drink, informing the locals about “matters of their religion”, and informing the locals of its policies in a manner that will avoid backlash.
Although aimed at the population as a whole, these events have a specific youth focus due to the IS’ aforementioned long-term planning and its seeming distrust towards
adults. Observers report that in Aleppo, the Da’wa sessions aimed at youth involved competitions and contests with prizes for winners, Qur’an reading sessions, video viewing parties to regale them with “epic battles” and members of the organisation handing pamphlets to children.
The education sector has been one of the hardest-hit sectors in Syria since the beginning of the civil war, with many schools either damaged by fighting or being used to house refugees. Syria’s pre-war literacy rate of %90 has plummeted and it is estimated that 2.8 million Syrian children are out of school10. The education vacuum has proven ideal recruitment tool for many of the armed groups in Syria, including the IS. The IS has provided shelter and education for many out-ofschool children in the region, grooming them for recruitment in the process.
In areas it has tighter control, the IS has also re-opened schools, instituting a
curriculum that emphasizes religious education and pro-IS ideology12. Although
most Islamic State school activity falls under training and indoctrination (and
will therefore be analysed in the relevant chapter), in a region where there are
few-to-none alternatives for education left, they are also a major source of initial
exposure and recruitment for the organisation.
Enticement and Gifts
The on-going conflicts across Syria and Iraq have not only led to a collapse of security and public services, but also a drastic reduction of incomes and opportunities, forcing many Iraqis and Syrians below poverty line. Just as the case in social services and security, the IS has used its ability to provide jobs and income to bolster its legitimacy, offering incomes, bribes and gifts to those it wants to recruit. Children and youth are no exception. As mentioned above, Da’wa sessions often feature gifts and competitions with rewards for winners attached to them.
However, beyond rewards for winners, members of the IS have been known to offer small gifts (such as toys and sweets) to all children who participate in meet-and-greet events. Children have also been given simple but inclusive tasks (such as waving a flag for a photo) that bolster the sense of belonging among potential recruits.
The IS has employed similar tactics towards older children and teenagers, although appealing to other forms of enticement. Observers in Iraq have noted that especially across Anbar, the organisation have regaled potential recruits with promises of power, status, prestige and revenge against the Shia. Recruiters of the Islamic State had access to luxury goods (such as high-end cars) that would be beyond the reach of an ordinary citizen, tying together notions of prosperity and the Islamic State. Beyond gifts and token rewards, the Islamic State has found cash to be just as viable a recruiting tool.
At the height of its power, the organisation was earning significant funds through the oil trade, taxation, smuggling and looting. This has allowed it to offer its fighters much higher salaries than those of other armed groups or even members of the Syrian or Iraqi militaries. In a region wracked with poverty and lack of prospects, the notion of a steady income alone has driven potential recruits, young and old, to sign up with the organisation.
Reports from the Human Rights Watch indicate that recruits signing up with the
Islamic State are given a Kalashnikov, ammunition, uniform and tied to $100.
← Lest We Forget!Deal Barracks Bombing – 11 Soldiers slaughtered by the IRA. 22nd September 1989 The Ulster Covenant – 28th September 1912 →
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Posted inMagazine
Charter Schools … Let’s Ditch the Noise
by Claire Hague July 8, 2013
Charter Schools continue to occupy considerable airtime in New Zealand, and the recent passing of the legislation that allows ‘partnership schools’ (as they are called in New Zealand) to be established has reinvigorated the noise.
From my perspective, most of it seems to be political noise depending at which end of the spectrum you sit. If you’re at the ‘Right’ of the political spectrum, charter schools are a way to free education from the shackles of current state education models. They will allow private enterprise the opportunity to improve educational choice and outcomes for today’s parents and students who may be dissatisfied with the current schooling system.
If you’re firmly ‘Left’ of the spectrum, charter schools are a dangerous tool of the Right, serving to undermine state education and the values it stands for. These schools devalue education with the introduction of a business focus and the potential to employ untrained, unqualified teachers. They don’t need to teach the New Zealand curriculum and they are not subject to the same review processes as state schools, which means they enjoy unfair autonomy, and risk poor quality that they may not be held accountable for.
In addition, speakers on both sides of the debate have been able to dredge up plenty of examples of charter schools that have worked (the Right) and been a disaster (the Left). Similarly, ‘research’ has emerged either supporting the idea that charter schools in other countries have targeted the underprivileged in order to improve their educational outcomes, or showing that such schools can screen out young people unlikely to succeed academically in order to make their statistics look good.
All of this is simplistic of course and detracts from the real question that New Zealanders should be asking. Is the current schooling system able to cater for all our children now, and into the future?
The clear evidence is that it doesn’t at the moment. Mäori and Pacific children are still lagging way behind Päkehä children in terms of educational outcomes in this country. Given that Mäori and Pacific will make up a rapidly increasing proportion of our schools and emerging workforce within the next decades, according to demographic data published by various agencies, what are we doing about that?
Sadly, some people would argue not a lot. They would say that with a few exceptions, state schools still in most cases look pretty much the same as they did 100 years ago, except our kids take buses rather than horses to get there. Whether you agree with that or not, currently we have 79,000 young people in this country who have left school and are not engaged in education, training or work (the NEET rate); many of them reside in our region. The NEET rate for Hawke’s Bay plus Gisborne is about 20% of youth aged 18-24 years.
That’s an unacceptable, incredibly sad waste of potential and a ticking time-bomb for our society that we can no longer put in the ‘too hard’ basket.
Interestingly, many iwi including Ngäti Kahungunu have publicly expressed interest in the charter school concept because of their desire to see more of their tamariki succeeding in education and transitioning into meaningful careers. Some key Mäori leaders in our community are very vocal about this – they are sick of seeing Mäori in short-term, labouring roles where they occupy positions that are the first to go in an economic downturn. With the treaty settlements gathering pace, iwi and hapü groupings are going to have much more firepower in terms of money and influence – and they will demand better educational outcomes for their young people than they are currently experiencing. If they can bypass the state system that currently fails too many Mäori, why wouldn’t they?
What about ‘partnership schools’?
In order to lift my head above this noise, I did some further reading about a partnership school model that I had heard about in the United States. Hear me out because this isn’t your traditional charter school model and I think we could easily achieve it within the current state system in New Zealand.
In September 2011, the New York City Department of Education, The City University of New York (CUNY), New York City College of Technology (‘City Tech’) and the IBM Corporation opened Pathways in Technology Early College High School (P-TECH) — an innovative public school spanning grades 9-14 (roughly equivalent to our senior secondary school and beyond, 15-20 year olds).
P-TECH has no entry criteria, so students from disadvantaged backgrounds with poor prior educational achievement are as likely to gain admission as anyone. They graduate not only with a high school qualification, but also with an Associate in Applied Science degree in either Computer Science Technology or Electromechanical Engineering Technology awarded by their partner tertiary institution.
The education is fees free. Students receive mentoring from IBM employees, as does the P-TECH principal. STEM subjects are the focus (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) along with core literacy and numeracy, and at the end of their six years at P-TECH the students will be ready to secure entry-level positions in the information technology field and/or complete their studies at university. The current makeup of P-TECH is 67% male and 33% female, and many of them will become the first in their families to gain a tertiary qualification. Attendance rates so far are spectacular at 95%.
The interesting thing about P-TECH is that it was apparently never planned as a standalone or charter school – it was intended to pilot a new way of transitioning students from secondary school to tertiary, to careers. The goal was always to apply the knowledge gained in the innovation to develop a model that could be used in state high schools regionally and nationally. Although business is an important part of the model, it was the city itself, along with tertiary organisations and secondary school leaders and teachers who were the key drivers in establishing the school.
If ever I want some inspiration for a possible future model for Hawke’s Bay, I google P-TECH (and I have used information from the various associated blogs, sites and articles for this BayBuzz piece) and see a wealth of evidence that a partnership model may just work if we focused on young people and the Hawke’s Bay region’s needs, rather than our own political views. Here is a school that links 15 year olds with a tertiary culture and foundation skills. Students experience a curriculum that integrates career goals, mentoring, guest speakers, workplace visits and internships. Industry advisors help the curriculum and assessments to continually evolve as the industry does. IBM also reserves places for graduates in their firm.
The school has to meet all the state requirements for courses and outcomes, but the pace at which students work is highly personalised, and mentors from the school, tertiary partners and IBM work with the students regularly on their individual education plans. While all students are expected to meet high school requirements and earn their associate degree in six years, some work at an accelerated pace for a shorter time. The school day and the school years are extended beyond the normal state system to allow for all the individual support that is given as part of the model.
So … Is there a way that the P-TECH concept could be implemented within the current state system, and not just within the science and technology areas? I believe the answer to that is yes – we could start planning for it in Hawke’s Bay tomorrow.
In Hawke’s Bay at the moment we have some wonderful visionary school principals, teachers and careers staff who I believe would be more than capable of the innovation that P-TECH represents, providing it didn’t unravel the core principles of New Zealand’s fiercely proud state school system. There are industry and community partners willing to support a model that would help all young people, particularly our Mäori and Pacific youth, become productive members of the Hawke’s Bay and indeed global communities and workforces. There are tertiary organisations here and nationally based who would be very keen to help make this a reality.
Let’s drop the word ‘charter’ and work together to revolutionise our approach to teaching and learning within the new world that New Zealand and Hawke’s Bay are poised to enter. Our economy, our community and most of all our kids depend on it.
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Recycling is now available for single-family and multifamily residences, including apartments, mobile home parks and RV Parks.
Integrated resource planning (IRP) is a planning process for new energy resources that evaluates the full range of alternatives, including new generating capacity, power purchases, energy conservation and efficiency, and renewable energy resources, to provide reliable service to electric consumers.
In May of 2008 the City Council of Boulder City adopted Resolution No. 5210 adopting new electrical utility rebates in Boulder City.
The City of Boulder City owns the Boulder City Landfill.
A customer wishing to operate a renewable generation system as a net metering system must execute an interconnection agreement with the city.
See a list of other places that accept recycling in the area.
The Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) drought plan was developed in 2002, and adopted by the SNWA Board of Directors on February 20, 2003, to induce a level of water conservation necessary for the region to respond to various drought conditions.
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what does the rope symbolize in the crucible
The eagle proudly carries a streamer in its beak that bears the motto of the Corps: Semper Fidelis. "Sweat," a short story by Zora Neale Hurston, is a female empowerment text about a woman overcoming her abusive husband. How to Identify Platinum and Silver Jewelry. Written in the 1920s, the story is set in central Florida, near Orlando. One of the best sources to look to when trying to understand Athens’ worship of the Eumenides is actually a trilogy of plays called The Oresteia, by an Ancient Greek tragedian named Aeschylus (c. 525-456 BCE).In these plays he not only tells the tragic story of Agamemnon, Clytemnestra, and Orestes, but also essentially gives us an origin story for Athens’ famous trial-by … Night – is related to the passive principle, the feminine and the unconscious. In more recent times, it has come to be recognized as a symbol for ‘The Father, The Son and The Holy Spirit’. This theme comes to life painfully for Garcin, a journalist who was killed while trying to flee the country, thus avoiding being drafted into the war effort. As substances in the crucible melt and disintegrate they form a completely different substance, this could symbolize the society of Salem disintegrating and forming into a completely new one. What is well-tied, shall be just that: unforgettable. While before tattoos were more looked down upon, people are starting to overlook that and get more tattoos every year. In Arthur Miller"'"s play, The Crucible, and the movie version of, The Crucible, there are several differences, though most of the movie does not stray too far from the original. Which way do you go, Mister? An analysis of the character of Willy Loman's wife in Arthur Miller's American tragedy. THE CRUCIBLE A Guide for Teachers Written and Compiled by Jere Pfister Edited by Eleanor Colvin ... Rope – like a chain it represents both bonding and connecting. John Proctor throughout the Crucible Throughout Arthur Miller’s play “The Crucible” Miller had his characters face severe tests that make them question their own self. And in the beginning and the end, what you hold is what you carry away — now sharing with others, a story that is now your story. For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/avtAw. The play as a whole can be read as an analogy for McCarthyism and the suspicion that it created. Author: Windows User Created Date: Escape will cancel and close the window. After the situation had been heated what you are left with are the remnants of the society that once existed. Now that you've created a Bible Gateway account, upgrade to Bible Gateway Plus: the ultimate online Bible reading & study experience! A valet escorts him into a clean, well-lit room, very similar to that of a modest hotel suite. The spell is bound, the die is cast, the knot is tied. Having trouble understanding The Crucible? This form does not collect any actual information. ... ~Rope - like a chain it represents both bonding and connecting. The Globe signifies the worldwide commitment of the Marine Corps and its areas of responsibility. Why was this change likely made? Symbolism in the "Persepolis" Book. It signifies the three life-cycles of a woman in relation to the phases of the moon. In the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic churches, the nearest equivalent of acolyte is the altar server. What does a rope symbolize to you? and find homework help for other The Crucible questions at eNotes Because they symbolize the loss of authority in the town and that theocracy has been defeated. Proctor is brought from his cell and the others leave so he can spend some time alone with Elizabeth.She tells him that hundreds have confessed, though Rebecca has not. The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a book filled with mistakes and the outcomes of those mistakes, and this piece of literature provides readers with an opportunity to analyze some causes and effects. Many items are referred to as “trifles.” Trifles symbolize to the men everything that women think are important. Media Example The Puppet : The Noose: The Crucible: symbolic view By Patience and Gloria Period 8 English 11 9/14/15 Mr. Gronich The noose is a very strong symbol because every time someone went to jail they were basically going to go to the gallows whether they wanted to or not. The Witch Trials and McCarthyism . It begins with a heading 3 called "Create Account". These ideas are highlighted in the text through the use of dramatic conventions such as dialogue, stage directions, body language and lighting. Although Miller wrote both the play and the movie script, consider the difference in audiences and understanding. The audience soon learns that this is the after-life; this is the place Garcin will be spending eternity. Here ya go, seems to be a populare assignment for gr.12 english teachers. Only through his public acknowledgment of the affair does Proctor regain his wife's trust. There are many ways to tell the story of your life, through words, pictures, and sometimes just with a tattoo. The rope around Lucky’s neck symbolizes the power dynamic between him and Pozzo, and the abuse makes it clear that Lucky is his subordinate. Abigail attempts to grope and is more aggressive with Proctor in the film. than the play. The Eagle is the symbol of the United States, and it is the one part of the emblem that readily associates the Marine Corps with the United States. The crucible may also symbolize hell. John Proctor is a very strong character throughout the whole play. To the untrained eye, platinum, silver, and sterling silver may appear very similar at first glance. rope over rope, to the beam-work of memory. The title of the play is a symbol itself. Proctor does not consider himself righteous, in fact he recoils from the idea that he is compared to individuals like Rebecca Nurse who are innocent of any wrongdoing. In essence, women are “trifles.” The strangled bird symbolizes the miserable life led by Mrs. Wright. It has two buttons, one for educators that takes you to the educator sign up page and one for students that takes you to another modal which allows you to enter your class code for your enrolled class. Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Every character in the crucible created a situation that gave place for a negative consequence to take place. Through his death he saved not only his own soul, he saved the others who were in prison or accused from suffering the same fate. At these times of mass hysteria, personal integrity becomes even more important as one may be called upon to stand up for one’s beliefs. ?IB English Crucible Commentary by Kim Le Select 2/3 sequential pages of significant thematic and literary value Pages Chosen: 124,125, 126 The crucible is a play written by American playwright, Arthur Miller and is a dramatization of the Salem witch trials, in the late 1600’s. When looking at the characteristics of a rope I realize that there are several similarities between the rope and John Proctor. New rope is used to secure the blanket to his body and lower him into his grave. Of course Proctor has not practiced witchcraft; however, according to himself he is a fallen man, one … However, with a little practice, you'll be able to tell the difference in no time! Meet Linda, a woman whose life is filled with disappointment. Bible Gateway Plus equips you to answer the toughest questions about faith, God, and the Bible with access to a vast digital Bible study library. 5.) Crucible - A crucible is a container that can resist severe heat, or the bottom of an oven used to fuse or calcify metals. Get an answer for 'In Arthur Miller's The Crucible, what do you think John Proctor comes to symbolize by the end of the play?' 2. The Crucible illustrates this struggle in the adult character of John Proctor. ~Night - is related to the passive principle, the feminine and the unconscious. The Crucible by Arthur Miller; A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ... His neck is tied with one end of the rope. Analysis of "Sweat" by Zora Neale Hurston Using Symbolism. He willingly sacrifices his good name in order to protect his wife. What does a cow symbolize in Greek mythology? Proctor does not reply. Marjane Satrapi's graphic novel "Persepolis" is, at a glance, comic book, memoir and political satire in one, as it details Satrapi's childhood in Iran, including her experience of the 1979 Iranian Revolution under Khomeini. The Crucible Text-dependent Questions for Act 4 Passage Text-dependent Questions ... you from the rope. A crucible is also an earthen pot that is used for melting metals. Leon is satisfied with the ritual until Louise asks for the Catholic priest's blessing in the form of holy water. [citation needed] The present emblem, adopted in 1955, differs from the emblem of 1868 only by a change in the eagle. Irony: If symbolism constitutes element 1 … The cow symbolizes the goddess Hera. After reading the Crucible a robe to me is a symbol of John Proctor. Proctor's decision to tell the court about his affair ironically demonstrates his goodness. Marines serve in any clime or place. The Eagle, Globe, and Anchor is the official emblem and insignia of the United States Marine Corps.It is commonly referred to as an EGA The current emblem traces its roots in the designs and ornaments of the early Continental Marines as well as the United Kingdom's Royal Marines. For ever. In a way the town of Salem was a crucible as people were brought before the court and blasted with allegations from others as being witches. John Proctor's death was anything but wasted. Yet in the second act, the rope is much shorter, and it is Lucky who directs the now-blind Pozzo, blurring the lines between servant and master. Here's an in-depth analysis of the most important parts, in an easy-to-understand format. She also adds that Corey refused to speak at all, in accordance with a legal loophole that ensured his farm would pass to his sons if he remained silent. The play begins after Garcin's death. Chain Symbolism & Meanings. The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is a drama that illustrates a theocratic society corrupted by expectations and pressure to maintain a respectable reputation. His breast heaving, his ... What does it symbolize? The Trinity Knot or triquetra was used to symbolize and honor the Mother, Maiden and Crone of the neo-pagan triple goddess. His look will not be solely fantastic however grotesque also.
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Norwegian Designers Lead the Circular Economy
By Axel Barrett April 29, 2020
"More stuff will not make us happier," say the designers and brands behind this year's Norwegian Presence showcase, who are calling for an industry-wide shift towards recycled and recyclable objects.
The Norwegian Presence 2020 exhibition is centred around the idea of the circular economy, an economic system that minimises use of natural resources and designs out waste and pollution.
The show, which has launched online due to the cancellation of last week’s Milan design week, “is a reaction against the glamour that has dominated the design field,” say curators Benedicte Sunde and Marit Justine Haugen.
“The party is over,” said Haugen, who argues that designers need to lead the push towards a circular economy. “We are undergoing economic and social change; the status quo is not enough.”
“We have enough things,” she continued. “The task is to create something meaningful with less – with few, local and recycled materials, with less CO2 emissions, and with design that solves more challenges or promotes innovation.”
Green shift leading the way
Sunde and Haugen have gathered 11 designers and seven brands from across Norway, who have all adopted circular design principles.
Sustainability doesn’t have to mean compromise, they propose. Through responsible use of materials and processes, it is possible to create objects with more meaning, as a counter to today’s throwaway culture.
“Norwegian Presence is a reaction against the glamour that has dominated the design field,” explained Sunde.
“The green shift is leading to a new way of thinking in all levels of society,” she said. “We are becoming more conscious.”
Many of the designers in the show have created products using natural materials in a raw state, meaning they are not only sustainable to produce, but they will be easy to recycle in the future.
Vilde Hagelund has created more than 60 objects using birch wood, revealing the versatility of the material, while Poppy Lawman has produced a chair using compressed spruce paper pulp, which can be coloured with rosehip ink.
“With the circular economy, we can still be making objects,” Lawman told Dezeen, “just not creating more waste and more problems.”
Doing more with aluminium
Several pieces in the show are made from aluminium, a material that is infinitely recyclable and can be done so more easily than any other metal. Although it is not as strong as steel, it can still offer a lot of potential, according to the designers.
Andreas Bergsaker has designed a shelf made from a single sheet of aluminium, while Sofie&Tiange has paired recycled aluminium with ash wood, to create a modular, adaptable shelving system that requires no screws or nails.
Ali Shah Gallefoss cast the metal with stone offcuts from Norway’s Lundhs quarry, creating a series of sculptural objects.
“The answer is not to shut down production; the answer is to produce better” said Hilde Haugen Kallevig, head of brand and marketing for aluminium manufacturer Hydro, which provided the materials for these designs.
“Designers need to understand the whole value chain, to understand how things can be designed in order to make them easier to recycle,” she said.
Hydro uses recycled aluminium to produce some of its products, while new aluminium is manufactured using renewable energy sources. The brand has also introduced a labelling system, to make its production processes more transparent.
Designers and brands working together
Sunde points out that circular design is only possible when both brands and designers are on board. “We have to be just as insistent on the environmental issues when it comes to the manufacturers,” she said.
Other brands participating include NCP, which produces the Snøhetta-designed S-1500 chair out of old fishing nets, and Vestre, an outdoor furniture company that has become a key player in promoting the circular economy.
Vestre supplies replacement parts for all its products, even those no longer in production, so that they can easily repaired in the future.
The company is also exploring the possibilities of furniture as a service. Rather than selling products, it would lease them out to customers. Then, at the end of their life, they could be returned and recycled.
“We have the vision that all of our products can have an eternal life,” said Øyvind Bjørnstad, Vestre’s head of strategy and sustainability.
“We always specify this in the brief for new product designs, to try to put it in the minds of the designers from the beginning.”
Coronavirus shutdown as springboard for change
Norwegian Presence is staged by Design and Architecture Norway (DOGA), a government-funded architecture and design centre in Oslo, to promote the work of Norwegian creatives abroad.
The exhibition is usually presented during the design week in Milan. But as a result of the coronavirus shutdown in Italy, among other countries, the physical exhibition was cancelled.
Norwegian Presence has instead launched digitally, on the website and through Instagram, with a bespoke visual identity by Bielke&Yang. Photos show the products on show inside Edvard Munch’s studio at Ekely, while interviews are set to be released in the coming weeks.
This follows a similar model as Dezeen’s Virtual Design Festival, which champions design through digital rather than physical content.
For Sunde, this approach is in some ways more in keeping with the circular message behind the show. She suggests that the shutdown could lead to an entirely new way for the design industry to operate, with less international travel for products and people.
“If international trade breaks down as a result of the shutdown, we need to restructure how we trade,” she told Dezeen.
“In the future, we can focus instead on the export of ideas, not materials or stuff,” she suggested. “Designers can share sustainable methods and the like for a fee,” she continued.
“The future is unforeseeable at the moment, but thinking sustainable is here to stay so we have to find a way to find solutions for the future together. Now is the time to collaborate and use design thinking to mark out our common future.”
https://www.dezeen.com/2020/04/29/norwegian-presence-designers-circular-economy/
Norwegian designers point the way towards a circular economy
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Home » Regional Blog & News » American Heart Association Recognizes Queen of the Valley for its Commitment to Quality Stroke Care
American Heart Association Recognizes Queen of the Valley for its Commitment to Quality Stroke Care
February 12, 2019 Providence News Team
Queen of the Valley Medical Center has received the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association’s Get With The Guidelines®-Stroke Bronze Quality Achievement Award for its commitment to ensuring stroke patients receive the most appropriate treatment according to nationally recognized, research-based guidelines based on the latest scientific evidence.
“We are proud to be nationally-recognized for the exceptional care we provide to our patients," said Larry Coomes, Chief Executive. “This award is a testament to our caregivers and physicians who work every day to ensure patients receive prompt diagnosis and timely access to appropriate treatments—elements that are critically important in improving outcomes after a stroke.”
Queen of the Valley earned the award by meeting specific quality achievement measures for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients. This includes the proper use of medications and other stroke treatments, aligned with evidence-based guidelines to speed recovery and reduce death and disability. Research has shown that hospitals adhering to clinical measures through the Get With The Guidelines quality improvement initiative can often see fewer readmissions and lower mortality rates.
The hospital also was recognized on the association’s Target: StrokeSM Honor Roll. To qualify, hospitals must meet quality measures developed to reduce the time between the patient’s arrival at the hospital and treatment with the clot-buster tissue plasminogen activator, ortPA, the only drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat ischemic stroke.
According to the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, someone in the U.S. suffers a stroke every 40 seconds and nearly 795,000 people suffer a new or recurrent stroke each year.
This award is the hospital’s second stroke recognition in recent months. In October, the hospital earned the Joint Commission’s Gold Seal of Approval for certification as a Primary Stroke Center, making it the only Certified Primary Stroke Center in Napa County.
The Providence News Team brings you the updates to keep you informed about what's happening across the organizational ecosystem. From partnerships to new doctor announcements, we are committed to keeping you informed.
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Mora moments
A few of the highlights from coach Jim Mora’s just-completed news conference:
Ken Lucas is with his family, and will remain with them until his father’s funeral on Friday. His father died last Friday. Lucas will rejoin the team in time to play in Sunday’s game against the Arizona Cardinals at Qwest Field.“There are more important things in life than a football game,” Mora said. “It’s sacrilegious when a head coach says that, I realize that. But it’s true. … Kenny needs some time to grieve and be with his family.”
Kyle Williams is the likely starter at left tackle this week, after Brandon Frye had to be placed on injured reserve because of the neck injury he got in Sunday’s game against the Jaguars. The injury was originally called a “stinger,” but there is more to it than that, Mora said. Frye will get additional tests.“His neck injury looks like it was significant,” Mora said. “That’s unfortunate for both Brandon and us, because he’d really worked hard and he was doing a nice job for us.”
Veteran tackle Damion McIntosh was signed to fill Frye’s roster spot, while former Oregon lineman Mark Lewis was added to the practice squad to replace Williams – who was signed to the 53-man roster on Saturday.“We’re just collecting offensive linemen right now,” Mora said with a chuckle.
Fullback Justin Griffith will return this week after missing two games with a sprained knee, and he will start against the Cardinals.
October 14, 2009 – 11:21 am
Tags: 2009 Week 6
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Behind the Scenes >>
Step Up’s Wall is an old soul – and total geek
By DAVID TUTHILL
Keaton Wall is the youngest worker in Step Up For Students’ Clearwater office, but he may also be the most indispensable.
As a IT Support Specialist and the essential one-stop-shop for any co-worker with a technical issue, Wall, 21, is the man who keeps the wires plugged in at Step Up.
And he seems to possess an old soul to complement his technological gifts.
“I am a big geek when it comes to hardware and understanding how a system is running,” Wall says in his unique, fast-paced cadence. “With network administration, I can still deal with hardware-type stuff but on a larger scale. And it allows me to help people, which I enjoy, but once again, on a larger scale than just say a computer technician.”
Wall is the son of Bryan Wall, of Nottingham, England, a former Hollywood set designer, and mother, Cheryl Wall, of Long Island, New York. He has half-siblings over 15 years older than he and his younger sister.
His father’s work put him in touch with technology and computers from a young age – and even inspired his name. He is named in honor of movie star Michael Keaton, who became friends with Bryan Wall when they worked on the original “Batman” film. They bonded over a shared interest in ancient British history.
“I got into artwork on computers and wanted to know how they worked,” Bryan Wall says in a friendly British accent, speaking on a layover between flights at his current job as a corporate trainer for AutoNation. “Keaton and I built computers together. He really got into the technical side of things when friends and neighbors had repair issues. He dove in deep, learned how to build them from scratch, and took it to the next level when he went to school, with programming and such.”
That next level began when Keaton Wall applied for the Career Academy of Information at Northeast High School in St. Petersburg. He attended there for two years until he decided that waking up at 4 a.m. to catch a 5 a.m. bus to attend 7 a.m. classes was too much of a burden.
He switched schools, and graduated from Clearwater High School while dual enrolled at St. Petersburg College. He earned his diploma with a semester and a half of college already completed.
“When I graduated high school, I was not completely certain where I wanted to go, since most universities all have generic ‘computer science’ degrees, which all focus mainly on programming, which I hate,” Keaton Wall says.
Armed with an associate’s degree, he is still enrolled at SPC. He has earned certificates for computer support, Microsoft server administration, and Linux system administration. He is pursuing a bachelor’s degree in technology development and management, with a minor in project management.
He spends his free time like many young men – hanging out with his friends, playing video games and strumming his guitar. When it comes to music, he is able to sing both the most intense heavy metal songs in an unrecognizable ragged voice, and strum acoustic, improvised melodies often focused on his angst with the opposite sex.
He went into full geek mode during a recent employee luncheon in the Step Up offices, when he brought out a virtual-reality headset and helped a half-dozen of his co-workers explore the future of gaming.
He never fails to leave an impression.
“Keaton is a problem solver, always in good spirits and is well-versed in hardware,” says Rebeca Figueroa, a project manager at Step Up, who shares a cubicle wall with Keaton. “He’s always assisting me with my computer needs and has provided great guidance. He’s an old soul.
“Keaton is a lot more mature than I’ve seen a 21-year-old be. He’s grounded, knows what he wants, has a great profession and is very stable for his age. He writes music, listens with intent and never judges a situation. These qualities show not only a well-rounded individual, but one that has been around enough to have experience in life.”
He may also have a wandering spirit. The way he sees it, it’s only a matter of time before he leaves the sunny shores of Pinellas County for the bright lights of New York.
“New York is just so alive and energetic, and it’s very modern. It’s a massive city filled with everything,” he says. “It draws me to it because I am very energetic. I like how big it is and how it makes me feel so small. I can be anything there that I can put my mind to. There’s also not a palm tree in sight, which makes me happy.”
Until then, he remains a vital cog in the wheel of Step Up’s Clearwater operations. Some may find that remarkable, but it’s no surprise to his family.
“We are all just so proud of him,” Bryan Wall says. “He was never a trouble growing up, always had great friends. We are so proud to see what he’s a part of at such a young age.”
Posted by blogadmin
July 25, 2017 in Behind the Scenes , Step Up For Students
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Red Zone Prospects Partners With Blue-Grey Football
By : Sean Ceglinsky
Tag: Arlen Harris, AT&T Stadium, Blue Grey All American Bowl, Blue-Grey All-American Combine, Brian Dawkins, Coliseum, Dallas Cowboys, EverBank Field, George Teague, Jacksonville Jaguars, Mark McMillian, Mike Alstott, Oakland Raiders, Randall Cunningham, Raymond James Stadium, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Troy Brown
Red Zone Prospects partnered with Blue-Grey Football to help recruits realize their college dreams after participating in one of the brand’s All-American Combines. (Photo courtesy of Associated Press)
Red Zone Prospects (link for site) has become known as one of the better sources around to receive national exposure, given the fact coaches often find college-ready recruits based on efforts in front of the Blue-Grey Football staff at the nationwide All-American Combines.
In terms of the process, a student-athlete must first attend a workout, and individuals who take advantage of their opportunities at the All-American Combine (Regional level) qualify for a profile on Red Zone Prospects. Thus, the chances of securing a scholarship increase.
The country’s premier prospects, for whatever reason, that did not attend a recent All-American Regional Combine can still be nominated for consideration to Red Zone Prospects (link for the process) and the All-American Combine (Super Regional level) that follows.
Next step is the registration process. Upon final completion, information on Red Zone Prospects includes combine statistics, photos and HUDL video (or other appropriate links). From there, sky’s the limit. Doors start to open with regularity, both on and off the field.
Once a member, and fully equipped with a profile, that particular player is in some select company considering only 35 percent of the participants in the All-American Combine (Regional and Super Regional level) receive the nod to join Red Zone Prospects.
More to the point, with all of the recruit’s particulars in one convenient place, scouts from the NCAA Division I, II III ranks, also NAIA and Junior College, are capable of immediately contacting players based on the thorough details that have been provided to them.
To qualifying for Red Zone Prospects, the Blue-Grey Football Selection Committee reviews results from All-American Combines (Regional and Super levels) and also considers other factors (transcripts, game film, high school and college coach recommendations, etc.).
When talking about the brand’s Selection Committee, the powers that be include NFL veterans such as Mark McMillian, Arlen Harris, George Teague, Randall Cunningham, Mike Alstott, Troy Brown and Brian Dawkins, to name a few of the many former professionals.
In the meantime, behind the scenes, Red Zone Prospects are better positioned for an invite to the series of All-American Combines (Super Regional level). With five workouts lined up, those events are held at venues all over the country, including homes of several NFL teams.
Pro Football Hall of Fame (OH) is one of the stops on an annual basis. Philadelphia Eagles Training Facility (PA), Washington Redskins Training Facility (VA), Kansas City Chiefs’ Training Facility (MO) and Chicago Bears Training Facility (IL) are among other destinations.
Before going any further, perhaps it’s best to acknowledge a common goal for the several of the nation’s top student-athletes and that’s to participate in the All-American Bowl before their days are done on the prep circuit. It’s a crowning achievement before college.
The action is nationally broadcast, on ESPN’s family of networks and Impact Football Network, the games are held at Dallas Cowboys’ AT&T Stadium, Tampa Bay Buccaneers’ Raymond James Stadium, Jacksonville Jaguars’ EverBank Field and Oakland Raiders’ Coliseum.
So, there you have it. The route to successfully navigate the All-American Combines (Regional and Super Regional levels). Also, the path could lead some toward status as an All-American Bowl candidate. The journey, of course, begins with a profile on Red Zone Prospects.
Sean Ceglinsky is the Media and Player Personnel Director for Blue-Grey Football and calls home Los Angeles (CA), while often times, working on the road from Dallas (TX) and Boston (MA). He's covered sports on the national level for the likes of ESPN, CBS and 247Sports, among many others, doing so for the better part of the past 20 years. Follow him on social media via Twitter (@SeanCeglinsky) or he can be reached via email (media@bluegreyfootball.com).
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Posted on November 15, 2018 November 15, 2018 by Bruce Wilson
So what if the AI Bubble Bursts?
Last week, at a farewell party for a data scientist friend (who is about to ship out from Seattle to Palo Alto to work for a certain social media network based there), I had an interesting exchange with another friend who runs a self funded AI-based startup. Our conversation turned to wondering about whether we’re in the middle of an AI bubble (remember the dotcom bubble?). He asked whether I thought there would be any winners if the AI bubble bursts, and my answer was as follows.
Let’s set a floor on defining “winners” by looking at the table stakes for innovation in general. Venture capitalists (who ought to know these things) already expect maybe 8 out of 10 of the startups in their portfolios will fail, no matter how heavily vetted they are, whether those startups are in AI or some other flavor of “new”. So even if AI isn’t in a bubble that’s about to burst, we were already expecting to see a lot of good AI ideas die, including ideas originated in startups as well as R&D by established players. Maybe those ideas are just ahead of their time; maybe their execution will be flawed; maybe they’ll just have bad luck, and run out of time. A bubble collapse would just accelerate the day of reckoning. We’ll still be left with a number of strong new solutions.
As for other lasting benefits of the current AI hype cycle, even if an AI bubble bursts there are at least three major legacies that would be bequeathed to us.
First, infrastructure. The current massive investment in AI has been equipping us with a permanently enlarged capacity for handling data and AI more efficiently (just as the dot com bubble left us with massive amounts of dark fiber that later proved valuable, among other gifts). Examples of these efficiencies include (but are not limited to) recent giant steps in chip technology related to data and AI (like the continuing evolution of FGPUs) and a massive increase in the number of people trained to work productively with data and AI. We’ve also achieved huge leaps in the way that AI models are deployed and managed. By way of example for this I’ll give a shout-out to Algorithmia, which has evolved from a B2B marketplace for connecting creators and users of AI models into an Enterprise platform for encapsulating AI models, giving users the ability to simply call AWS Lambda functions with a few lines of code to spin up and utilize, at scale, any model from an approved library of models.
Second, incremental gains for existing solutions. The big software companies who are selling broad product suites aimed at both businesses and consumers have been slowly and steadily incorporating AI elements into existing feature sets and adding new features based on AI. Here I call out Salesforce as an example, with their “Einstein” brand (that they apply to AI features or components across their many offerings). For instance, Salesforce’s call center functionality now has AI capabilities for things like recommending offers for a particular customer based on a comparison of that customer’s history to the history of similar customers. When I spoke with a Salesforce product manager at one of their roadshows earlier this year I learned that while they aren’t leading the pack on AI innovation they are steadily developing and rolling out a range of cutting edge AI offerings (like chatbots). In the long term I assume such AI features being developed by Salesforce, Microsoft, and other big players will have staying power, AI bubble or no, because the big players have both the resources to develop viable niche AI solutions and the customer base to promote and perfect these solutions at scale over the long haul.
Third, and finally, a new normal. There are incredibly successful AI solutions that we’re already so married to that we don’t even think of them as AI innovations anymore (“the AI effect”). Among these are Google and Microsoft translation products, now capable of mind-blowing feats like mobile real-time translation via a smart phone. We’re not exactly going to lose these capabilities if (when?) an AI bubble bursts.
So AI has already transformed our lives—even if self-driving cars take a little longer to arrive than most currently expect.
Categoriesartificial intelligence, B2B
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Women’s history month tribute
Denise Random Thoughts March 14, 2019 March 14, 2019 9 Minutes
This article on the best books written by women was written specifically for international women’s day, but I turned it into my tribute to women’s history month.
I have read several of them and I feel confident that I’ll get to more of them soon. I think I will add these to my challenges, along with the 20 books that people lie about and the 40 best books. These are the 25 best books by women.
I’ll eventually be writing a little about each of these on my own.
Pride and Prejudice – Jane Austen
Austen remains one of history’s greatest masters in two tricky literary fields: the world of romance and the world of social satire. Pride and Prejudice, then, sees her at the peak of her powers. Through the eyes of Elizabeth Bennet, her sharp-witted protagonist, we witness upper-class Regency England as both a dream and a farce. Not all is as it seems, and society betrays its hollowness when it deems that money should trump love.
Their Eyes Were Watching God – Zora Neale Hurston
Despite the fact that Hurston was a key figure in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and 1930s, Their Eyes Were Watching God was largely rejected by her peers. It was during the 1970s and 1980s that her novel was essentially rediscovered, with many contemporary black feminists heralding the genius of her work. The novel focuses on Janie Crawford, a black woman who refuses to give in to bitterness or sorrow, as she navigates three marriages and a life marked by poverty. It’s a story bursting with passion and soulfulness.
The Lottery and Other Stories – Shirley Jackson
Jackson probed the darkest corners of the American psyche during the 1940s and 1950s, all thanks to her collections of ghost stories, including 1959’s The Haunting of Hill House, which was recently adapted into a Netflix series. With several novels and over 200 short stories for readers to get lost in, there are very few horror writers like her. That’s especially true when it comes to (arguably) her greatest work, 1948’s The Lottery, which traces a small town’s annual tradition to its sinister conclusion.
To Kill a Mockingbird – Harper Lee
A Pulitzer Prize winner, To Kill a Mockingbird has carved its place in history. Its depiction of racial injustice in the American Deep South was startling frank for the 1960s, in a way that undeniably had a social impact at the time – it became an instant sensation and is now widely taught in American schools. Lee writes about the world’s cruelties with an honesty and compassion that still resonates, with the character of Atticus Finch becoming a enduring model of integrity for the legal profession.
Octavia E Butler – Kindred
Butler was a key figure in sci-fi history, expanding the boundaries of what the genre could achieve and what it could come to represent. First published in 1979, the book still feels as fresh as ever in its first-person account of a young black writer, Dana, who through strange circumstances finds herself travelling between her own reality and a pre-Civil War Maryland plantation. It’s through this unusual theme that Butler can explore the lasting trauma of America’s history on African Americans today.
Jane Eyre – Charlotte Brontë
Jane Eyre feels, in many ways, thoroughly modern today. Although originally published under the pen name “Currer Bell”, it feels likes a dive into the mind of Brontë herself. The story is told through a first-person narrative that feels so psychologically intimate, it’s as if she’s sharing the secrets of her own world with us. We follow Jane through her school years, all the way to her later employment by Mr Rochester, a tortured soul whom she falls madly in love with, with many aspects of her journey reflecting elements of Brontë’s own life.
Half of a Yellow Sun – Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Adichie, who was born in Nigeria, is considered one of the most original literary voices of her generation. You can see why this is when reading Half of a Yellow Sun, which depicts the brutality of the Nigerian Civil War of the late 1960s, as seen through four different perspectives: twin daughters of a wealthy businessman, a British citizen, a professor and a houseboy. It’s history via an achingly human lens.
White Teeth – Zadie Smith
Smith remains a modern titan of the British literary scene, thanks partially to White Teeth, which is considered one of the most sensational fiction debuts of all time, becoming an immediate bestseller and sweeping up multiple awards. The book begins with two men – Bangladeshi Samad Iqbal and Englishman Archie Jones – who become friends after being stationed together during WWII. Their return to London sees Smith examine British postwar attitudes to those from formerly colonised countries, although she ensures the subject is approached with both heart and a sense of humour.
The Hour of the Star – Clarice Lispector
Lispector was a literary innovator. The Hour of the Star, published posthumously in 1977, invents a narrator called Rodrigo SM, who in turns tells the story of Macabéa, a poor young woman who hails from Alagoas, where Lispector’s family first settled when they emmigrated to Brazil. However, the way Rodrigo perceives Macabéa, and reckons with her story, itself creates a dialogue between the two characters, calling into question notions of identity and authorship.
Mrs Dalloway – Virginia Woolf
One of literature’s sharpest minds and inspiration to the feminist movement in the 1970s, Woolf not only helped pioneer the use of the stream of consciousness as a narrative device, but utilised it to speak openly about sexuality, mental illness and gender roles. The novel largely follows the inner thoughts of two characters, Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Smith, one a high-society woman in interwar-period England and the other a veteran suffering from shell shock.
A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories – Flannery O’Connor
O’Connor wrote hard stories for a hard world. Her unsentimental, sardonic use of the Southern Gothic style helped weave her own take on the parable, in which the morally weak often face violent, painful punishment for their misdeeds. That said, the door is always open for transformation and spiritual awakening by the story’s conclusion, with her work frequently confronting ideas of morality and ethics through the lens of her own Catholic faith.
Persepolis – Marjane Satrapi
At times, it seems less like Persepolis is a story. Satrapi’s graphic novel, published in two volumes in 2000 and 2004, feels more like an invitation, as she takes our hand and leads us through her childhood and early adult years, so that we can see through the eyes of a curious, funny, smart young girl who must face the personal repercussions of war and religious extremism in Iran during and after the Islamic Revolution. It’s the political seen through the personal, but it’s always Satrapi’s own spirit that shines the brightest.
Frankenstein – Mary Shelley
Many have now come to consider Shelley’s Frankenstein as the first pure work of science-fiction, with a central narrative driven a character’s exploration of a world beyond what we already know. Not only is it significant for its later influence on culture, but Shelley’s work, initially published anonymously, is astonishing in both its emotional vitality and its philosophical implications. It’s a work where we both feel the anguish of the misunderstood, while also reckoning with the concept of man’s unbridled power.
Beloved – Toni Morrison
Beloved takes its inspiration from the true story of Margaret Garner, who escaped slavery in Kentucky in 1856 and fled to Ohio, a free state. However, the story itself focuses on a protagonist named Sethe, a former slave whose home is haunted by a malevolent presence that she believes is her eldest daughter. It’s through this vivid sense of magical realism that Morrison can confront the unfathomable trauma that slavery has inflicted on the African American collective memory.
The Handmaid’s Tale – Margaret Atwood
Although the book has received increased attention thanks to Hulu’s critically acclaimed TV adaptation, it’s all thanks to the fierceness of Atwood’s critical analysis of gender politics. Her 1985 book, which imagines a near-future New England controlled by a totalitarian state, in which women are completely subjugated to men, has only become increasingly relevant – and prescient. Her work provides a continued reminder that it doesn’t take much for our world to slip into complete dystopia.
Middlemarch – George Eliot
Mary Anne Evans, amongst other concerns, feared that her work Middlemarch would be dismissed entirely due to the notion that women’s writing was strictly light and romantic. And so, instead, it was published in eight instalments across 1871 and 1872 under the name George Eliot. The book is far from light; set in the fictitious Midlands town of Middlemarch, it follows a vast, sweeping narrative that encompasses subjects of religion, idealism and political reform.
Little Fires Everywhere – Celeste Ng
Ng writes about American suburbia with an astounding clarity, perhaps partially because she considers the act of writing about one’s hometown as a little like “writing about a relative”, with an attachment that perceives both their greatest attributes and their flaws. Little Fires Everywhere is her second novel to take place in Shaker Heights, Ohio, where she grew up, and focuses on a new arrival to the town, whose sense of mystery disrupts its residents’ obsession with structure and rules.
The Bell Jar – Sylvia Plath
Famous for its popularity with teenage girls, Plath’s work speaks to clearly to an adolescent precisely because it makes no attempt to sugarcoat the prospect of the entrance into adulthood. The book’s protagonist, Esther, a young woman attempting to establish herself in New York, feels more like a front for Plath to discuss her own experiences of struggling with mental health, especially in the context of the 1950s, when women’s concerns were so rarely paid attention to. There is an honesty to Esther’s frustration that has been a comfort to many.
Elena Ferrante – My Brilliant Friend
My Brilliant Friend is only one part of Ferrante’s four-book series, known as the Neapolitan novels. As the first chapter, it is, de facto, the most well known of the series, but it’s also an invitation to such raw intimacy that readers will be unable to resist delving into the rest. Ferrante serves as a pseudonym, allowing the books to illuminate with candour the friendship between two women, born in Naples in 1944, who try to find peace in a world of violence and misogyny.
The Age of Innocence – Edith Wharton
Edith Wharton captures with vigour both the opulence and the suffocating claustrophobia of New York’s Gilded Age, as two future newlyweds – in every other way society’s perfect vision of man and woman – find their union disrupted by the arrival of a cousin shrouded in scandal. The Age of Innocence is a wistful, romantic novel that still succeeds in treating society’s hypocrisy with an acute sense of disdain.
The Color Purple – Alice Walker
Marking a rare mastery of the epistolary novel, The Color Purple focuses on the experiences of black women living in the US south during the 1930s. Although it deals with themes of abuse and violence, the honesty in Walker’s voice is disarming in a way that opens us up to her protagonist’s journey towards self-realisation and personal freedom. It’s no wonder that the book’s continued relevance saw it both adapted into a 1985 film directed by Steven Spielberg and a Broadway musical.
Rebecca – Daphne du Maurier
Rebecca remains one the finest examples of Gothic literature, despite the fact that Du Maurier wasn’t writing within the confines of some drafty Victorian castle; rather, she was examining the world of spirits during the interwar period. In its story of a woman whose whirlwind courtship with a widower turns sour when she becomes haunted by the lingering presence of her husband’s first wife, Rebecca is a book filled with suppressed desires, loss and a looming sense of threat.
The God of Small Things – Arundhati Roy
As Roy’s debut novel, it’s an extraordinary first outing. Roy contrasts the innocence of childhood, as seen in the book’s protagonists, fraternal twins Rahel and Estha, with the rising political turmoil in Kerala during 1969. It also features a non-sequential approach to narrative, with the novel intricately weaving between the twins’s reunion in 1993 and the lengthy flashback and sidetracks, all painted with a massive sense of scope and imagination.
Murder on the Orient Express – Agatha Christie
We may know every twist and turn of Christie’s best works by now, but there’s still a frisson to how intricately and confidently she pulls the rug from underneath readers. Murder on the Orient Express still feels like her most enthralling work, as famed Belgian detective Hercule Poirot finds himself in the midst of a murder scene, after his train is blocked by the heavy snowfall and a passenger is found dead, making the rest of those on board all instant suspects.
The Tale of Genji – Murasaki Shikibu
The oldest book on this list, this classic of Japanese literature was written by Shikibu, a noblewoman and lady-in-waiting, in the early 11th century. Although the original manuscript no longer exists, what’s been passed down to us now was translated initially into modern Japanese, with English translations being published at a later time. An account of the life Hikaru Genji, the son of the emperor, it’s a masterful work of psychological portraiture, which offers a rare glimpse into the cultural customs of post-classical Japan.
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Treaty 7
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Posted inProfiles
‘True Love Lies’ proves to be real bonding experience for actors
by admin September 30, 2011 September 4, 2020
New actors say friendship often a ‘lifesaver’ during rehearsal of their first professional show
When actor Alex Plouffe, 22, prepared to audition for Alberta Theatre Projects (ATP) in April, it seemed as if fate was not in his favor.
Having missed his flight from Victoria to Calgary the morning of the audition, Plouffe called ATP, anxious as to whether or not he would even get the opportunity to audition for the theatre company he had admired since his childhood. No one answered his call.
Actors Sarah Koury and Alex Plouffe will be staring in “True Love Lies” through Oct. 8.
Photo by: Danielle SemrauAs the minutes ticked past, Plouffe received the call that he had been eagerly waiting for: a woman from the company understood his predicament and said if the company’s artistic director approved, he would still be able to audition when he got to Calgary. Ten minutes before the second flight out, Plouffe was put on hold while approval was sought.
“It’s getting close to [the flight] and I hadn’t heard back and it was just like, okay this isn’t meant to be; this audition isn’t meant to happen and that’s fine,” he said. “You know, I’ll just go to the next one. And whatever.”
When the woman did get back to him, Plouffe was told they would still be able to see him if he could make it to Calgary. But as he prepared to get onto the flight he discovered that his ticket had been refunded. The entire events of the day had him convinced that he shouldn’t go to the audition, he said.
Despite Plouffe’s initial resignation, something must have been meant to be.
He and Sarah Koury, 21, are now fresh faces on the stage of ATP. For both of them, this is their first professional gig out of theatre school, having both just graduated from the same theatre class at the University of Victoria in June.
“It’s kind of not too far off from a miracle that the two of us come right out of school together and into a show like this together,” Koury said with a smile.
Through Oct. 8, Plouffe and Koury are playing opposite each other in “True Love Lies” as siblings Royce and Madison. Written by Canadian playwright Brad Fraser, “True Love Lies” tells the story of a family whose world is unexpectedly turned upside down when their father’s male ex-lover comes into their lives.
Dianne Goodman, an artistic associate with the company, helped cast the show and said during the casting process the ease and rapport between the two actors really interested her.
She said she believed the comfort Plouffe and Koury had with each other really put them further ahead than they might have otherwise been, especially since the rehearsal process was only three weeks. According to Goodman, it can be a challenge to become comfortable working on such an intimate level with someone you’ve never met before in such a short span of time.
This relationship proved to be really beneficial to the young actors because starring in the fast paced, modern play proved to be an exceptional learning experience for them.
“It was a really huge learning curve for me, this being my first professional gig,” Koury stated. “It was no where near what I was doing in theatre school.”
The techniques so carefully perfected in theatre school did not transfer over, forcing the actors to be in the moment.
“You don’t have time to think about technique, you just have to be. You have to be completely in the moment every time or the scene dies.”
Throughout it all – the challenges and frustrations of rehearsals and adjusting to working with more experienced actors – Plouffe and Koury have had each other. There’s an obvious ease and comfort between them, evident in their casual banter. Preparing for a recent show, Koury brought a Booster Juice to the theatre for Plouffe, commenting that she would have put it in the fridge but the dressing rooms were locked.
“I think we’re lucky that we’re such good friends and we’ve been able to go through this together, because it’s been a lifesaver at times,” Plouffe said.
“One night he was driving me home and we both had had a particularly challenging day, challenging run of the show. And so we were just venting back and forth our feelings,” Koury said. “Venting and getting all this excess energy out and also at the same time building each other up, saying, ‘No, no, no we’ll be okay. We’re going to show up tomorrow and kick ass tomorrow, it’s going to be great.’”
As the show goes into its second week, both actors remain excited and grateful for the opportunity to work for ATP.
“It’s sort of an experience that I know I’m having and that I’m in the middle of, but it’s still kind of unbelievable,” Plouffe said.
“Standing there, I’m up there, where I’ve sat in the audience for so many years and just witnessed so many things and yearned to be up there for so long. And…I’m there. It’s amazing.”
“True Love Lies” runs until Oct. 8 at the EPCOR Centre, for more information visit www.atplive.com.
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Home / Members / Members map / Poland
Poland is a unitary state composed of municipalities (gminy), counties (powiaty) and regions (voivodship-województwo).
Local level: 2,479 municipalities (gminy)
The municipal council (rada gminy) is composed of councillors elected by direct universal suffrage for a four-year term. In addition to its legislative powers, the council votes the municipal budget and determines local taxes. The council is sub-divided into commissions responsible for the preparation and execution of decisions taken by the municipal council. Members of the commissions are elected by and from among the municipal councillors.
The mayor (wójt in rural municipalities, burmistrz in urban ones and prezydent miasta in cities of more than 100,000 inhabitants) is the local authority’s executive body. He/she is elected by direct universal suffrage for a four-year term and officially represents the municipality.
The head of the municipal administration (sekretarz gminy) is appointed by the mayor. He/she can act on the mayor’s behalf, particularly when it comes to the organisation of the city hall’s work and to the management of human resources.
. Culture
In Poland, 66 urban municipalities have a special status whereby they are responsible for competences usually exercised by counties. The capital city of Warsaw, which is divided into 18 districts, also has this special status and thus exercises the competences of both a municipality and a county.
Intermediate level: 380 counties (powiaty), which include the 66 municipalities with special status
The county council (rada powiatu) is composed of members elected by direct universal suffrage for a four-year term. This deliberative assembly appoints members of the executive committee as well as the head of the county.
The executive board (zarząd powiatu) is composed of the head of the county and his/her deputies elected by and from within the county council for a period of four years. This body is in charge of implementing council decisions.
The head of the county (starosta) is elected for a four-year term by the county council. He/she officially represents the county and is assisted by his/her deputies.
. Road building and maintenance
. Civil protection
. Employment
Regional level: 16 regions (voivodship-województwo)
The regional council (sejmik wojewodztwa) is composed of members elected by direct universal suffrage for a four-year term. This deliberative assembly elects the marshal.
The regional executive board (zarzad województwa) is composed of members and the marshal, elected by the regional council for a period of four years. The board implements decisions made by the regional council.
The marshal (marszalek) is elected by the regional council for a period of four years. He/she officially represents the region vis-à-vis the national and international levels.
The governor (wojewoda) represents the prime minister as well as the national Polish government at the regional level. He/she is appointed by the country’s prime minister upon proposal by the minister responsible for public administration. The governor is responsible for the implementation of national government policy in the region.
. Economic development
. Higher education
. Social policy
. Regional road management
CEMR in Poland
Association of Polish Cities
Executive Director: Andrzej PORAWSKI
Zwiazek Miast Polskich
Ul.Robocza 42, 61-517 Poznan
E-mail: biuro@zmp.poznan.pl
Web: www.zmp.poznan.pl
Association of Polish Counties
Secretary General: Rudolf BORUSIEWICZ
Zwiazek Powiatow Polskich
Skr. Pocztowa 119, 33-300 Nowy Sącz
E-mail: biuro@powiatypolskie.pl
Web: www.zpp.pl
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A life blessed by God’s presence
Deacon Owen Rogers is able to engage with people’s issues and utilise his skills as a husband and father.
Deacon Owen Rogers and his wife, Jeanette, said they try to make each other feel special by not taking their relationship for granted. Image: supplied.
By Jordan Grantham, Catholic Outlook, March 2017
Deacon Owen Rogers is deacon assisting at Corpus Christi Parish, Cranebrook, and has served as a deacon for seven years after a career in the Royal Australian Navy.
Deacon Owen Rogers was ordained by Bishop Kevin Manning on 5 December 2009. Image: Diocese of Parramatta.
The centre of Deacon Owen’s faith is serving God in the Mass and sacramental ministries. The ordained ministry of the permanent deacon requires men who desire to serve Christ in the Mass.
“The miracle of God’s physical presence to us at every Mass is the truest testament to Christ’s love for us and his desire for each of us to have a personal relationship with him,” he said.
Deacon Owen’s tribe is a pillar of the community in Western Sydney. He and his wife, Jeanette, have nine children, 23 grandchildren and four great-grandchildren.
Deacon Owen is able to engage with people’s issues and utilise his skills as a husband and father. The Navy taught him self-discipline, trust, leadership and strategic thinking.
His dedication to service is extraordinary. Deacon Owen has served in the St Vincent de Paul Society NSW State Council for 21 years.
As a deacon, he visits patients in Nepean Hospital and takes communion to those parishioners who are housebound.
Deacon Owen praises the enormous frontline charitable works of the Catholic Church.
“It is good to know such services exist within the Church and as a deacon I can enable people and steer them in a direction that will be able to meet their immediate needs, he said.
“I’m conscious of the fact of being a link to those marginalised people and others in our community and enabling them to establish a stronger relationship with God, just by being present to them.”
Born in Dublin, Ireland, he said the call to serve in ministry commenced at an early age, when priests visited schools and encouraged students to think about becoming a priest.
“Becoming an altar boy at our local parish church was an exciting time, allowing one to learn Latin and also serve at Mass, ” he said. “This inner call to serve and help others remained with me throughout most of my working life.”
In June 2017, Deacon Owen and Jeanette will celebrate 55 years of marriage. They support each other, as one in heart and mind.
“Jeanette and I met in January 1960 at a dance in Sydney,” Owen said. “From the very beginning I had the feeling and I knew she was the one for me, but I did not let her know of this until later on when our relationship developed.
“Jeanette gives her wholehearted support to me in my diaconate role. Where possible, Jeanette accompanies me to Mass, and to diaconate formation meetings and retreat days. Our family is very supportive.
“We have a deep emotional and spiritual recognition for each other and by this we can truly be ourselves in what we do. We often try to make each other feel special by not taking our relationship for granted.”
Owen and Jeanette Rogers: “We share our dreams, strengths, and vulnerabilities with each other.” Image: Diocese of Parramatta.
The deacon’s routine of regular prayer has been helpful in their relationship. “Prayers during the day, evening and night prayers as well as the divine office, have certainly assisted us in our marital relationship,” he said. “My devotion to Mary, Our Blessed Mother has increased, enabling us to recite the holy rosary daily as a family.
“We share our dreams, strengths, and vulnerabilities with each other and have a willingness to learn from each other. Jeanette is a very strong advocate on social justice.”
Owen first considered the permanent diaconate after 27 years in the Navy. He made inquiries to the Diocese and commenced a Bachelor of Theology.
He was ordained on 5 December 2009 after several years of pastoral formation courses and spiritual direction.
The Ven Fulton Sheen is one of Deacon Owen’s inspirations, through Sheen’s powerful program, Life is Worth Living. The late Mother Mary Angelica of EWTN television and author Scott Hahn are other inspirations.
Deacon Owen is also inspired by local clergy, including Very Rev Chris de Souza VG EV, who he describes as a “great natural homilist and director”, Fr Peter Confeggi, “a wonderful tutor and empowering leader”, and Fr George O’Mara, “a great mentor”.
Discernment afternoon on 2 April 2017
Single men and married couples aged 35-55 who are interested in the ordained ministry of the permanent deacon are invited to a discernment afternoon on Sunday 2 April 2017 to meet the permanent diaconate vocations team.
The discernment program consists of five sessions and each session deals with a different aspect of the permanent diaconate. The session on Sunday 2 April 2017 is the start of the 2017 program. From 3.00pm-5.00pm at St Anthony of Padua Parish, 27 Aurelia Street, Toongabbie.
You are most welcome to contact Deacon James deacon@stanthonyschurch.org.au or Deacon Tan deacontan@john23rd.org.au For further information about the permanent diaconate in the Diocese of Parramatta or to make an online inquiry, click here.
Corpus Christi CranebrookDiocese of Parramattapermanent deaconPermanent DiaconateSt Vincent de Paul Society
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NBC - Wikipedia
American television and radio network
This article is about the television and radio network. For NBC Philippines, see Nation Broadcasting Corporation. For other uses, see NBC (disambiguation).
"Peacock Network" redirects here. For the streaming service, see Peacock (streaming service).
Terrestrial television network
(1926–1993, 2012–2014, 2016–present)
Sports radio network
National and Worldwide
June 19, 1926; 94 years ago (1926-06-19)
by Radio Corporation of America (RCA), General Electric (GE), and Westinghouse
Big TV Starts Here[1]
Comedy Starts Here (comedy programming)
30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City
(Comcast)
NBC Entertainment
(NBCUniversal Television and Streaming)
Radio: November 15, 1926; 94 years ago (1926-11-15)
Television: April 30, 1939; 81 years ago (1939-04-30)
1080i (HDTV)
(downscaled to letterboxed 480i for SDTVs; experimentally broadcasting at 1080p and 2160p UHD in some programs through NBC affiliate WRAL-TV)
NBC Radio Network
NBC's second logo from 1931 to 1942
NBC's fourth logo from 1946 to 1952
NBC's fifth logo from 1952 to 1953
NBC's sixth logo from 1953 to 1959
NBC's seventh logo from 1956 to 1979
NBC's ninth logo from 1975 to 1979
NBC's tenth logo from 1979 to 1986
NBC's eleventh logo from 1986 to 2010
NBC's twelfth and previous logo from 2010 to 2013
NBC's Valentine's Day logo for 2011
NBC's current Halloween logo
NBC's current Christmas logo
The National Broadcasting Company[a] (NBC) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network owned by NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, with additional major offices near Los Angeles (at 10 Universal City Plaza), Chicago (at the NBC Tower), and Philadelphia (at the Comcast Technology Center). NBC is one of the Big Three television networks, and is sometimes referred to as the "Peacock Network", in reference to its stylized peacock logo, introduced in 1956 to promote the company's innovations in early color broadcasting; it became the network's official emblem in 1979.
Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. At that time, the parent company of RCA was General Electric (GE). In 1932, GE was forced to sell RCA and NBC as a result of antitrust charges. In 1986, control of NBC passed back to General Electric (GE) through its $6.4 billion purchase of RCA. GE immediately began to liquidate RCA's various divisions, but retained NBC. After the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright became chief executive officer of NBC; he would remain in that position until his retirement in 2007, when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker.
In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, forming NBC Universal. Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electric's remaining stake in 2013.[2] Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBCUniversal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke.
NBC has thirteen owned-and-operated stations and nearly 200 affiliates throughout the United States and its territories, some of which are also available in Canada and/or Mexico via pay-television providers or in border areas over-the-air; NBC also maintains brand licensing agreements for international channels in South Korea and Germany.[3]
1.1.1 Earliest stations: WEAF and WJZ
1.1.2 Red and Blue Networks
1.1.3 Chimes
1.1.4 New beginnings: The Blue Network becomes ABC
1.1.5 Defining radio's golden age
1.1.6 Decline
1.1.7 Restoration
1.2 Television
1.2.1 Color television
1.2.2 1970s doldrums
1.2.3 Tartikoff's turnaround
1.2.4 "Must See TV"
1.2.5 New century, new problems
1.2.6 Comcast era (2011–present)
2.1 NBC News
2.2 Daytime programming
2.3 Children's programming
2.4 Specials
2.5 Programming library
4 Related services
4.1 Video-on-demand services
4.2 NBC HD
4.3 NBCi
5 Evolution of the NBC logo
6 International broadcasts
6.2 Europe and the Middle East
6.2.1 NBC Super Channel becomes NBC Europe
6.3 Latin America
6.3.2 Nicaragua
6.3.3 Canal de Noticias
6.4 Caribbean
6.4.1 Bahamas
6.4.2 Netherlands Antilles
6.5 Puerto Rico
6.7 Pacific
6.7.1 Guam
6.7.2 American Samoa
6.7.3 Federated States of Micronesia
6.8.1 NBC Asia and CNBC Asia
6.8.2 Regional partners
7 Criticism and controversies
8 Presidents of NBC Entertainment
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The Comcast Building in New York City (or the GE Building, originally the RCA Building; pictured in 2005), the headquarters of NBC
Radio[edit]
Earliest stations: WEAF and WJZ[edit]
During a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America (RCA) acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T).[4] Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had a competing outlet in Newark pioneer station WJZ[5] (no relation to the radio and television station in Baltimore currently using those call letters), which also served as the flagship for a loosely structured network. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, and moved to New York City.[6] A peacock was used as the NBC logo. for the first time back in 1956 it was around the time that color televisions started to spread. the colorful bird had the mission of motivating people to step into the world of colors and give up your old ones Black white TV. but why did they choose a peacock among all the birds? for the variety of colors and also to show proud they were of their new transfer technologies at that time the proud phrase of a peacock was very popular with its 11 feathers.
today the peacock's tail now has 6 colors and each one represents one of NBC's divisions: news, sports, entertainment, stations, networks and productions called NBC the peacock.
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WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&T's manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&T's telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, using both wireless and wired methods. The creation of WEAF in 1922 offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a regular schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs, and was an immediate success. In an early example of "chain" or "networking" broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island; and with AT&T's station in Washington, D.C., WCAP.
New parent RCA saw an advantage in sharing programming, and after getting a license for radio station WRC in Washington, D.C., in 1923, attempted to transmit audio between cities via low-quality telegraph lines. AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the uninsulated telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric and other electrical interference.
In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its embryonic network were incompatible with the company's primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&T's phone lines for network transmission.[7]
Red and Blue Networks[edit]
Main articles: NBC Radio Network and Blue Network
NBC networks, 1933
RCA spent $1 million to purchase WEAF and Washington sister station WCAP, shutting down the latter station, and merged its facilities with surviving station WRC; in late 1926, it subsequently announced the creation of a new division known as the National Broadcasting Company.[8] The division's ownership was split among RCA (a majority partner at 50%), its founding corporate parent General Electric (which owned 30%) and Westinghouse (which owned the remaining 20%). NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15, 1926.
WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side by side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On January 1, 1927, NBC formally divided their respective marketing strategies: the "Red Network" offered commercially sponsored entertainment and music programming; the "Blue Network" mostly carried sustaining – or non-sponsored – broadcasts, especially news and cultural programs. Various histories of NBC suggest the color designations for the two networks came from the color of the pushpins NBC engineers used to designate affiliate stations of WEAF (red) and WJZ (blue), or from the use of double-ended red and blue colored pencils.
Radio City West was located at Sunset Boulevard and Vine Street in Los Angeles until it was replaced by a bank in the mid-1960s.
On April 5, 1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network, also known as the Pacific Coast Network. This was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18, 1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network. Initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. In 1936, the Orange Network affiliate stations became part of the Red Network, and at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network.
In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, called the NBC White Network.
In 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown.[9] NBC outgrew the Fifth Avenue facilities in 1933.[9]
In 1930, General Electric was charged with antitrust violations, resulting in the company's decision to divest itself of RCA. The newly separate company signed leases to move its corporate headquarters into the new Rockefeller Center in 1931. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., founder and financier of Rockefeller Center, arranged the deal with GE chairman Owen D. Young and RCA president David Sarnoff. When it moved into the complex in 1933, RCA became the lead tenant at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, known as the "RCA Building" (later the GE Building, now the Comcast Building), which housed NBC's production studios as well as theaters for RCA-owned RKO Pictures.[10]
Chimes[edit]
Main article: NBC chimes
Entrance at the Comcast Building.
The iconic three-note NBC chimes came about after several years of development. The three-note sequence, G-E'-C', was first heard over Red Network affiliate WSB in Atlanta,[11] with a second inversion C-major triad as its outline. An executive at NBC's New York headquarters heard the WSB version of the notes during the networked broadcast of a Georgia Tech football game and asked permission to use it on the national network. NBC started to use the chimes sequence in 1931, and it eventually became the first audio trademark to be accepted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.[12][13]
A variant sequence with an additional note, G-E'-C'-G, known as "the fourth chime", was used during significant events of extreme urgency (including during World War II, especially in the wake of the December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor; on D-Day and during disasters). The NBC chimes were mechanized in 1932 by Rangertone founder Richard H. Ranger; their purpose was to send a low-level signal of constant amplitude that would be heard by the various switching stations manned by NBC and AT&T engineers, and to be used as a system cue for switching individual stations between the Red and Blue network feeds. Contrary to popular legend, the G-E'-C' notes were not originally intended to reference to the General Electric Company (an early shareholder in NBC's founding parent RCA and whose Schenectady, New York radio station, WGY, was an early affiliate of NBC Red). The three-note sequence remains in use by the NBC television network, most notably incorporated into the John Williams-composed theme music used by NBC News, "The Mission" (first composed in 1985 for NBC Nightly News).
New beginnings: The Blue Network becomes ABC[edit]
Further information: Blue Network and American Broadcasting Company
NBC Tower in Chicago.
In 1934, the Mutual Broadcasting System filed a complaint to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), following the government agency's creation, claiming it ran into difficulties trying to establish new radio stations in a market largely controlled by NBC and the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS). In 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the monopolistic effects of network broadcasting. A report published by the commission in 1939 found that NBC's two networks and its owned-and-operated stations dominated audiences, affiliates and advertising in American radio; this led the commission to file an order to RCA to divest itself of either NBC Red or NBC Blue.
After Mutual's appeals were rejected by the FCC, RCA filed its own appeal to overturn the divestiture order. However, in 1941, the company decided to sell NBC Blue in the event its appeal was denied. The Blue Network was formally named NBC Blue Network, Inc. and NBC Red became NBC Red Network, Inc. for corporate purposes. Both networks formally divorced their operations on January 8, 1942,[14] with the Blue Network being referred to on-air as either "Blue" or "Blue Network", and Blue Network Company, Inc. serving as its official corporate name. NBC Red, meanwhile, became known on-air as simply "NBC".[15] Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. placed a $7.5 million bid for NBC Blue, an offer that was rejected by NBC executive Mark Woods and RCA president David Sarnoff.
After losing on final appeal before the U.S. Supreme Court in May 1943, RCA sold Blue Network Company, Inc., for $8 million to the American Broadcasting System, a recently founded company owned by Life Savers magnate Edward J. Noble. After the sale was completed on October 12, 1943,[16] Noble acquired the rights to the Blue Network name, leases on landlines, the New York studios, two-and-a-half radio stations (WJZ in Newark/New York City; KGO in San Francisco and WENR in Chicago, which shared a frequency with Prairie Farmer station WLS); contracts with actors; and agreements with around 60 affiliates. In turn, to comply with FCC radio station ownership limits of the time, Noble sold off his existing New York City radio station WMCA. Noble, who wanted a better name for the network, acquired the branding rights to the "American Broadcasting Company" name from George B. Storer in 1944. The Blue Network became ABC officially on June 15, 1945, after the sale was completed.[7][17][18]
Defining radio's golden age[edit]
Main article: NBC Red Network
The front entrance of the NBC Tower at 454 N. Columbus Drive in Chicago.
NBC became home to many of the most popular performers and programs on the air. Bing Crosby, Al Jolson, Jack Benny, Edgar Bergen, Bob Hope, Fred Allen, and Burns and Allen called NBC home, as did Arturo Toscanini's NBC Symphony Orchestra, which the network helped him create. Other programs featured on the network included Vic and Sade, Fibber McGee and Molly, The Great Gildersleeve (arguably broadcasting's first spin-off program, from Fibber McGee), One Man's Family, Ma Perkins and Death Valley Days. NBC stations were often the most powerful, and some occupied unique clear-channel national frequencies, reaching hundreds or thousands of miles at night.
In the late 1940s, rival CBS gained ground by allowing radio stars to use their own production companies to produce programs, which became a profitable move for much of its talent. In the early years of radio, stars and programs commonly hopped between networks when their short-term contracts expired. During 1948 and 1949, beginning with the nation's top radio star, Jack Benny, many NBC performers – including Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy, Burns and Allen and Frank Sinatra – jumped to CBS.
In addition, NBC stars began migrating to television, including comedian Milton Berle, whose Texaco Star Theater on the network became television's first major hit. Conductor Arturo Toscanini conducted the NBC Symphony Orchestra in ten television concerts on NBC between 1948 and 1952. The concerts were broadcast on both television and radio, in what perhaps was the first such instance of simulcasting. Two of the concerts were historic firsts – the first complete telecast of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, and the first complete telecast of Verdi's Aida (starring Herva Nelli and Richard Tucker), performed in concert rather than with scenery and costumes.
Aiming to keep classic radio alive as television matured, and to challenge CBS's Sunday night radio lineup, which featured much of the programs and talent that had moved to that network following the defection of Jack Benny to CBS, NBC launched The Big Show in November 1950. This 90-minute variety show updated radio's earliest musical variety style with sophisticated comedy and dramatic presentations. Featuring stage legend Tallulah Bankhead as hostess, it lured prestigious entertainers, including Fred Allen, Groucho Marx, Lauritz Melchior, Ethel Barrymore, Louis Armstrong, Ethel Merman, Bob Hope, Danny Thomas, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and Ella Fitzgerald. However, The Big Show's initial success did not last despite critical praise, as most of its potential listeners were increasingly becoming television viewers. The show lasted two years, with NBC losing around $1 million on the project (the network was only able to sell advertising time during the middle half-hour of the program each week).
NBC's last major radio programming push, beginning on June 12, 1955, was Monitor, a creation of NBC President Sylvester "Pat" Weaver, who also created the innovative programs Today, The Tonight Show and Home for the companion television network. Monitor was a continuous all-weekend mixture of music, news, interviews, and features, with a variety of hosts including well-known television personalities Dave Garroway, Hugh Downs, Ed McMahon, Joe Garagiola, and Gene Rayburn. The potpourri show tried to keep vintage radio alive by featuring segments from Jim and Marian Jordan (in character as Fibber McGee and Molly); Peg Lynch's dialog comedy Ethel and Albert (with Alan Bunce); and iconoclastic satirist Henry Morgan. Monitor was a success for a number of years, but after the mid-1960s, local stations, especially those in larger markets, were reluctant to break from their established formats to run non-conforming network programming. One exception was Toscanini: The Man Behind the Legend, a weekly series commemorating the great conductor's NBC broadcasts and recordings which ran for several years beginning in 1963.[19] After Monitor ended its 20-year run on January 26, 1975, little remained of NBC network radio beyond hourly newscasts and news features, and Sunday morning religious program The Eternal Light.
Decline[edit]
On June 18, 1975, NBC launched the NBC News and Information Service (NIS), which provided up to 55 minutes of news per hour around the clock to local stations that wanted to adopt an all-news radio format. NBC carried the service on WRC in Washington, and on its owned-and-operated FM stations in New York City, Chicago and San Francisco. NIS attracted several dozen subscribing stations, but by the fall of 1976, NBC determined that it could not project that the service would ever become profitable and gave its affiliates six months' notice that it would be discontinued. NIS ended operations on May 29, 1977. In 1979, NBC launched The Source, a modestly successful secondary network providing news and short features to FM rock stations.[7]
The NBC Radio Network also pioneered personal advice call-in national talk radio with a satellite-distributed evening talk show, TalkNet; the program featured Bruce Williams (providing personal financial advice), Bernard Meltzer (personal and financial advice) and Sally Jessy Raphael (personal and romantic advice). While never much of a ratings success, TalkNet nonetheless helped further the national talk radio format. For affiliates, many of them struggling AM stations, TalkNet helped fill evening time slots with free programming, allowing the stations to sell local advertising in a dynamic format without the cost associated with producing local programming. Some in the industry feared this trend would lead to increasing control of radio content by networks and syndicators.
General Electric acquired RCA in 1986, and with it NBC, signaling the beginning of the end of NBC Radio. Three factors led to the radio division's demise: GE decided that radio did not fit its strategy, while the radio division had not been profitable for many years. In addition, FCC ownership rules at the time prevented companies acquiring broadcast properties from owning both a radio and television division. In the summer of 1987, GE sold NBC Radio's network operations to Westwood One, and sold off the NBC-owned stations to various buyers. By 1990, the NBC Radio Network as an independent programming service had been dissolved, becoming a brand name for content produced by Westwood One, and ultimately by CBS Radio. The Mutual Broadcasting System, which Westwood One had acquired two years earlier, met the same fate, and essentially merged with NBC Radio.
GE's divestiture of NBC's entire radio division was the first cannon shot of what would play out in the national broadcast media, as each of the Big Three broadcast networks were soon acquired by other corporate entities. NBC was a particularly noteworthy case in that it was the first to be acquired – and was bought by a conglomerate outside the broadcast industry as GE otherwise primarily served as a manufacturing company. Prior to the GE acquisition, NBC operated its radio division partly out of tradition, and partly to meet its then-FCC-mandated requirement to distribute programming for the public good (the broadcast airwaves are owned by the public; as that broadcast spectrum is limited and only so many broadcast stations existed, this served as the basis for government regulation requiring broadcasters to provide certain content that meets the needs of the public). Syndicators such as Westwood One were not subject to such rules as they did not own any stations. GE's divestiture of NBC Radio – known as "America's First Network" – in many ways marked the "beginning of the end" of the old era of regulated broadcasting and the ushering in of the new, largely unregulated industry that is present today.
By the late 1990s, Westwood One was producing NBC Radio-branded newscasts on weekday mornings. These were discontinued in 1999 (along with Mutual branded newscasts), and the few remaining NBC Radio Network affiliates became affiliates of CNN Radio, carrying the Westwood-owned service's hourly newscasts 24 hours a day. In 2003, Westwood One began distributing NBC News Radio, a new service featuring minute-long news updates read by television anchors and reporters from NBC News and MSNBC, with content written by Westwood One employees.
Restoration[edit]
On March 1, 2012, Dial Global announced that it would discontinue CNN Radio, and replace it with an expansion of NBC News Radio on April 1, 2012. This marked the first time since Westwood One's purchase of NBC Radio and its properties that NBC would have a 24-hour presence on radio. A previous program, First Light, placed new emphasis on the NBC brand after diminishing it over the years. With the change, NBC News Radio expanded its offerings from 60-second news updates airing only on weekdays to feature two hourly full-length newscasts 24 hours a day. Subsequently, on September 4, 2012, Dial Global launched a sports-talk radio service, NBC Sports Radio.
NBC News Radio has been distributed by iHeartMedia and its TTWN Networks since July 2016. It is provided to the network's 24/7 News Source affiliates and includes a top of the hour newscast along with other audio content which is heard on over 1000 radio stations.[20]
High frequency tubes in the tube room. They were used for the NBC television transmitter, 1936. NBC kept 220 tubes in reserve for their transmitter.
For many years, NBC was closely identified with David Sarnoff, who used it as a vehicle to sell consumer electronics. RCA and Sarnoff had captured the spotlight by introducing all-electronic television to the public at the 1939–40 New York World's Fair, simultaneously initiating a regular schedule of programs on the NBC-RCA television station in New York City. President Franklin D. Roosevelt appeared at the fair before the NBC camera, becoming the first U.S. president to appear on television on April 30, 1939 (an actual, off-the-monitor photograph of the FDR telecast is available at the David Sarnoff Library). The broadcast was transmitted by NBC's New York television station W2XBS Channel 1 (later WNBC-TV; now WNBC, channel 4) and was seen by about 1,000 viewers within the station's roughly 40-mile (64 km) coverage area from its transmitter at the Empire State Building.
The following day (May 1), four models of RCA television sets went on sale to the general public in various department stores around New York City, which were promoted in a series of splashy newspaper ads.[21] DuMont Laboratories (and others) had actually offered the first home sets in 1938 in anticipation of NBC's announced April 1939 television launch. Later in 1939, NBC took its cameras to professional football and baseball games in the New York City area, establishing many "firsts" in television broadcasting.
Reportedly, the first NBC Television "network" program was broadcast on January 12, 1940, when a play titled Meet The Wife was originated at the W2XBS studios at Rockefeller Center and rebroadcast by W2XB/W2XAF (now WRGB) in Schenectady, which received the New York station directly off-air from a tower atop a mountain and relayed the live signal to the Capital District. About this time, occasional special events were also broadcast in Philadelphia (over W3XE, later called WPTZ, now known as KYW-TV) as well as Schenectady. The most ambitious NBC television "network" program of the pre-war era was the telecast of the Republican National Convention held in Philadelphia in the summer of 1940, which was fed live to the New York City and Schenectady stations.[22] However, despite major promotion by RCA, television sales in New York from 1939 to 1942 were disappointing, primarily due to the high cost of the sets, and the lack of compelling regularly scheduled programming. During this period, less than 8,000 television sets were sold in the New York area, most of which were sold to bars, hotels and other public places, where the general public viewed special sports and news events. One special event was Franklin D. Roosevelt's second and final appearance on live television, when his speech at Madison Square Garden on October 28, 1940, was telecast over W2XBS to receivers in the New York City area.[23]
30 Rockefeller Center, also known as the GE Building, is the world headquarters of NBC.
Television's experimental period ended, as the FCC allowed full-fledged commercial television broadcasts to begin on July 1, 1941. NBC station W2XBS in New York City received the first commercial license, adopting the call letters WNBT. The first official, paid television advertisement broadcast by any U.S. station was for watch manufacturer Bulova, which aired that day, just before the start of a Brooklyn Dodgers baseball telecast on WNBT. The ad consisted of test pattern, featuring the newly assigned WNBT call letters, which was modified to resemble a clock – complete with functioning hands – with the Bulova logo (featuring the phrase "Bulova Watch Time") in the lower right-hand quadrant of the test pattern (a photograph of the NBC camera setting up the test pattern-advertisement for that ad can be seen at this page). Among the programs that aired during the first week of WNBT's new, commercial schedule was The Sunoco News, a simulcast of the Sun Oil-sponsored NBC Radio program anchored by Lowell Thomas; amateur boxing at Jamaica Arena; the Eastern Clay Courts tennis championships; programming from the USO; the spelling bee-type game show Words on the Wing; a few feature films; and a one-time-only, test broadcast of the game show Truth or Consequences, sponsored by Lever Brothers.[24]
Prior to the first commercial television broadcasts and paid advertisements on WNBT, non-paid television advertising existed on an experimental basis dating back to 1930. NBC's earliest non-paid television commercials may have been those seen during the first Major League Baseball game ever telecast, between the Brooklyn Dodgers and Cincinnati Reds, on August 26, 1939 over W2XBS. In order to secure the rights to televise the game, NBC allowed each of the Dodgers' regular radio sponsors at the time to have one commercial during the telecast. The ads were conducted by Dodgers announcer Red Barber: for Ivory Soap, he held up a bar of the product; for Mobilgas he put on a filling station attendant's cap while giving his spiel; and for Wheaties he poured a bowl of the product, added milk and bananas, and took a big spoonful.[25] Limited, commercial programming continued until the U.S. entered World War II. Telecasts were curtailed in the early years of the war, then expanded as NBC began to prepare for full-time service upon the end of the war. Even before the war concluded, a few programs were sent from New York City to affiliated stations in Philadelphia (WPTZ) and Albany/Schenectady (WRGB) on a regular weekly schedule beginning in 1944, the first of which is generally considered to be the pioneering special interest/documentary show The Voice of Firestone Televues, a television offshoot of The Voice of Firestone, a mainstay on NBC radio since 1928, which was transmitted from New York City to Philadelphia and Schenectady on a regular, weekly basis beginning on April 10, 1944.[26] The series is considered to be the NBC television network's first regularly scheduled program.
Grace Brandt and Eddie Albert in an early NBC television program The Honeymooners-Grace and Eddie Show.
On V-E Day, May 8, 1945, WNBT broadcast several hours of news coverage and remotes from around New York City. This event was promoted in advance by NBC with a direct-mail card sent to television set owners in the New York area.[27] At one point, a WNBT camera placed atop the marquee of the Hotel Astor panned the crowd below celebrating the end of the war in Europe.[28] The vivid coverage was a prelude to television's rapid growth after the war ended.
The NBC television network grew from its initial post-war lineup of four stations. The 1947 World Series featured two New York City area teams (the Yankees and the Dodgers), and television sales boomed locally, since the games were being telecast in the New York market. Additional stations along the East Coast and in the Midwest were connected by coaxial cable through the late 1940s, and in September 1951 the first transcontinental telecasts took place.
The post-war 1940s and early 1950s brought success for NBC in the new medium. Television's first major star, Milton Berle, whose Texaco Star Theatre began in June 1948, drew the first large audiences to NBC Television. Under its innovative president, Sylvester "Pat" Weaver, the network launched Today and The Tonight Show, which would bookend the broadcast day for over 50 years, and which still lead their competitors. Weaver, who also launched the genre of periodic 90-minute network "spectaculars", network-produced motion pictures and the live 90-minute Sunday afternoon series Wide Wide World, left the network in 1955 in a dispute with its chairman David Sarnoff, who subsequently named his son Robert Sarnoff as president.
In 1951, NBC commissioned Italian-American composer Gian Carlo Menotti to compose the first opera ever written for television; Menotti came up with Amahl and the Night Visitors, a 45-minute work for which he wrote both music and libretto, about a disabled shepherd boy who meets the Three Wise Men and is miraculously cured when he offers his crutch to the newborn Christ Child. It was such a stunning success that it was repeated every year on NBC from 1951 to 1966, when a dispute between Menotti and NBC ended the broadcasts. However, by 1978, Menotti and NBC had patched things up, and an all-new production of the opera, filmed partly on location in the Middle East, was telecast that year.
Color television[edit]
Main article: Color television
Title card used by NBC in the 1950s, promoting their color broadcasts on NBC.
While rival CBS broadcast the first color television programs in the United States, their system was incompatible with the millions of black and white sets in use at the time. After a series of limited, incompatible color broadcasts (mostly scheduled during the day), CBS abandoned the system and broadcasts. This opened the door for the RCA compatible color system to be adopted as the U.S. standard. RCA convinced the FCC to approve its color system in December 1953. NBC was ready with color programming within days of the commission's decision. NBC began the transition with a few shows in 1954, and broadcast its first program to air all episodes in color beginning that summer, The Marriage.
In 1955, NBC broadcast a live production in color of Peter Pan, a new Broadway musical adaptation of J. M. Barrie's beloved play, on the Producers' Showcase anthology series, The first such telecast of its kind, the broadcast starred the musical's entire original cast, led by Mary Martin as Peter and Cyril Ritchard in a dual role as Mr. Darling and Captain Hook. The broadcast drew the highest ratings for a television program for that period. It was so successful that NBC restaged it as a live broadcast a mere ten months later; in 1960, long after Producers' Showcase had ended its run, Peter Pan, with most of the 1955 cast, was restaged again, this time as a standalone special, and was videotaped so that it would no longer have to be performed live on television.
In 1956, NBC started a subsidiary, California National Productions (CNP), for merchandising, syndication and NBC opera company operations with the production of Silent Services.[29] By 1957, NBC planned to remove the opera company from CNP and[29] CNP was in discussion with MGM Television about handling syndication distribution for MGM series.[29]
During a National Association of Broadcasters meeting in Chicago in 1956, NBC announced that its owned-and-operated station in that market, WNBQ (now WMAQ-TV), had become the first television station in the country to broadcast its programming in color (airing at least six hours of color broadcasts each day). In 1959, NBC premiered a televised version of the radio program The Bell Telephone Hour, which aired in color from its debut; the program would continue on the NBC television network for nine more years until it ended in 1968.
In 1961, NBC approached Walt Disney about acquiring the rights to his anthology series, offering to produce the program in color. Disney was in the midst of negotiating a new contract to keep the program (then known as Walt Disney Presents) on ABC, however ABC president Leonard Goldenson said that it could not counter the offer, as the network did not have the technical and financial resources to carry the program in color. Disney subsequently struck a deal with NBC, which began airing the anthology series in the format in September 1961 (as Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color). As many of the Disney programs that aired in black-and-white on ABC were actually filmed in color, they could easily be re-aired in the format on the NBC broadcasts. In January 1962, NBC's telecast of the Rose Bowl became the first college football game ever to be telecast in color.
By 1963, much of NBC's prime time schedule was presented in color, although some popular series (such as The Man from U.N.C.L.E., which premiered in late 1964) were broadcast in black-and-white for their entire first season. In the fall of 1965, NBC was broadcasting 95% of its prime time schedule in color (with the exceptions of I Dream of Jeannie and Convoy), and began billing itself as "The Full Color Network." Without television sets to sell, rival networks followed more slowly, finally committing to an all-color lineup in prime time in the 1966–67 season. Days of Our Lives became the first soap opera to premiere in color, when it debuted in November 1965.
NBC contracted with Universal Studios in 1964 to produce the first feature-length film produced for television, See How They Run, which first aired on October 17, 1964; its second television movie, The Hanged Man, aired six weeks later on November 28. Even while the presentations performed well in the ratings, NBC did not broadcast another made-for-TV film for two years.[30]
In 1967, NBC reached a deal with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) to acquire the broadcast rights to the classic 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. CBS, which had televised the film annually since 1956, refused to meet MGM's increased fee to renew its television rights. Oz had been, up to then, one of the few programs that CBS had telecast in color. However, by 1967, color broadcasts had become standard on television, and the film simply became another title in the list of specials that NBC telecast in the format. The film's showings on NBC were distinctive as it televised The Wizard of Oz without a hosted introduction, as CBS had long done; it was also slightly edited for time in order to make room to air more commercials. Despite the cuts, however, it continued to score excellent television ratings in those pre-VCR days, as audiences were generally unable to see the film any other way at that time. NBC aired The Wizard of Oz each year from 1968 to 1976, when CBS, realizing that they may have committed a colossal blunder by letting a huge ratings success like Oz go to another network, agreed to pay MGM more money to re-acquire the rights to show the film.
The late 1960s brought big changes in the programming practices of the major television networks. As baby boomers reached adulthood, NBC, CBS, and ABC began to realize that much of their existing programming had not only been running for years but had audiences that skewed older. In order to attract the large youth population that was highly attractive to advertisers, the networks moved to clean house of a number of veteran shows. In NBC's case, this included programs like The Bell Telephone Hour and Sing Along With Mitch, which both had an average viewer age of 50. During this period, the networks came to define adults between the ages of 18 and 49 as their main target audience, although depending on the show, this could be subdivided into other age demos: 35–45, 18–25 or 18–35. Regardless of the exact target demographic, the general idea was to appeal to viewers who were not close to retirement age and to modernize television programming, which the networks felt overall was stuck in a 1950s mentality, to closely resemble contemporary American society.
1970s doldrums[edit]
The 1970s started strongly for NBC thanks to hits like Adam-12, Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, Ironside, The Dean Martin Show, and The Flip Wilson Show. However, despite the success of such new shows as the NBC Mystery Movie, Sanford and Son, Chico and the Man, Little House on the Prairie, The Midnight Special, The Rockford Files, Police Woman, and Emergency!, as well as continued success from veterans like The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and The Wonderful World of Disney, the network entered a slump in the middle of the decade. Disney, in particular, saw its ratings nosedive once CBS put 60 Minutes up against the program in the Sunday 7:00 p.m. time slot in the 1975–76 season.
In 1974, under new president Herb Schlosser, the network tried to attract younger viewers with a series of costly movies, miniseries and specials. This failed to attract the desirable 18–34 demographic, and simultaneously alienated older viewers.[31] None of the new prime-time shows that NBC introduced in the fall of 1975 earned a second season renewal, all failing in the face of established competition. The network's lone breakout success that season was the groundbreaking late-night comedy/variety show, NBC's Saturday Night – which would be renamed Saturday Night Live in 1976, after the cancellation of a Howard Cosell-hosted program of the same title on ABC – which replaced reruns of The Tonight Show that previously aired in its Saturday time slot.
In 1978, Schlosser was promoted to executive vice president at RCA,[32] and a desperate NBC lured Fred Silverman away from top-rated ABC to turn its fortunes around. With the notable exceptions of CHiPs, Barbara Mandrell and the Mandrell Sisters, Diff'rent Strokes (and its spin-off The Facts of Life), Real People, and the miniseries Shōgun, Silverman was unable to pull out a hit. Failures accumulated rapidly under his watch (such as Hello, Larry, Supertrain, Pink Lady and Jeff, The Krofft Superstar Hour, season six of Saturday Night Live, and The Waverly Wonders). Many of them were beaten in the ratings by shows that Silverman had greenlit during his previous tenures at CBS and ABC.
During this time, several longtime affiliates also defected from NBC in markets such as Atlanta (WSB-TV), Baltimore (WBAL-TV), Baton Rouge (WBRZ-TV), Charlotte (WSOC-TV), Columbia, Missouri (KOMU-TV), Dayton (WDTN), Indianapolis (WRTV), Jacksonville (WTLV), Minneapolis-St. Paul (KSTP-TV), San Diego (KGTV), Schenectady (WRGB), and Wheeling (WTRF-TV). Most of these stations were wooed away by ABC, which had lifted out of last place to become the #1 network during the late 1970s and early 1980s, while WBAL-TV, WRGB, and WTRF-TV went to CBS; ABC had originally considered aligning with WBAL, but the station decided against it because ABC's evening newscasts had attracted ratings too dismal for them to consider doing so.[33][34] In the case of WSB-TV and WSOC-TV, which have both since become ABC affiliates, both stations were (and remain) under common ownership with Cox Enterprises, with its other NBC affiliate at the time, WIIC-TV in Pittsburgh (which would become WPXI in 1981 and also remains owned by Cox), only staying with the network because WIIC-TV itself was a distant third to CBS-affiliated powerhouse KDKA-TV and ABC affiliate WTAE-TV (KDKA-TV, owned at the time by Group W and now owned by CBS, infamously passed up affiliating with NBC after Westinghouse bought the station from DuMont in 1954, leading to an acrimonious relationship between NBC and Westinghouse that lasted for years afterward). In markets such as San Diego, Charlotte, and Jacksonville, NBC had little choice but to affiliate with a UHF station, with the San Diego station (KNSD) eventually becoming an NBC O&O. In Wheeling, NBC ultimately upgraded its affiliation when it partnered with WTOV-TV in nearby Steubenville, Ohio, overtaking former affiliate WTRF-TV in the ratings by a large margin. Other smaller television markets like Yuma, Arizona waited many years to get another local NBC affiliate (first with KIVA, and later KYMA). The stations in Baltimore, Columbia, Dayton, and Jacksonville, however, have since rejoined the network.
After President Jimmy Carter pulled the U.S. team out of the 1980 Summer Olympics, NBC canceled a planned 150 hours of coverage (which had cost $87 million for the broadcast rights), placing the network's future in doubt. It had been counting on the broadcasts to help promote its new fall shows, and had been estimated to pull in $170 million in advertising revenue.[35]
The press was merciless towards Silverman, but the two most savage attacks on his leadership came from within the network. The company that composed the promotional theme for NBC's "Proud as a Peacock" image campaign created a parody song called "Loud as a Peacock", which was broadcast on Don Imus' program on WNBC radio in New York. Its lyrics blamed Silverman for the network's problems ("The Peacock's dead, so thank you, Fred"). An angered Silverman ordered all remaining copies of the spoof destroyed, though technology eventually allowed its wide propagation to the Internet in later generations from a few remaining copies. Saturday Night Live writer and occasional performer Al Franken satirized Silverman in a sketch on the program titled "A Limo For A Lame-O", where he presented a chart with the top-10 rated programs for that season and commented that there was "not one N" on the list. Silverman later admitted he "never liked Al Franken to begin with", and the sketch ruined Franken's chance of succeeding Lorne Michaels as executive producer of SNL following his 1980 departure (with the position going to Jean Doumanian, who was fired after one season following declining ratings and negative critical reviews. Michaels would later return to the show in 1985).[36]
Tartikoff's turnaround[edit]
Fred Silverman eventually resigned as entertainment president in the summer of 1981. Grant Tinker, a highly regarded producer who co-founded MTM Enterprises with his former wife Mary Tyler Moore, became the president of the network while Brandon Tartikoff became the president of the entertainment division. Tartikoff inherited a schedule full of aging dramas and very few sitcoms, but showed patience with promising programs. One such show was the critically acclaimed Hill Street Blues, which suffered from poor ratings during its first season. Rather than canceling the show, he moved the Emmy Award-winning police drama from Steven Bochco to Thursdays, where its ratings improved dramatically. He used the same tactics with St. Elsewhere and Cheers. Shows like these were able to get the same ad revenue as their higher-rated competition because of their desirable demographics, upscale adults ages 18–34.[37] While the network claimed moderate successes with Gimme a Break!, Silver Spoons, Knight Rider, and Remington Steele, its biggest hit during this period was The A-Team, which, at 10th place, was the network's only program to rank in the Nielsen Top-20 for the 1982–83 season, and ascended to fourth place the following year. These shows helped NBC through the disastrous 1983–84 season, which saw none of its nine new fall shows gaining a second year.[38]
In February 1982, NBC canceled Tom Snyder's The Tomorrow Show and gave the 12:35 a.m. time slot to 34-year-old comedian David Letterman. Though Letterman was unsuccessful with his weekday morning talk show effort for the network (which debuted on June 23, 1980), Late Night with David Letterman proved much more successful, lasting for 11 years and serving as the launching pad for another late-night talk franchise that continues to this day.
In 1984, the huge success of The Cosby Show led to a renewed interest in sitcoms, while Family Ties and Cheers, both of which premiered in 1982 to mediocre ratings (the latter ranking at near dead last among all network shows during the 1982–83 season), saw their viewership increase from having Cosby as a lead-in. The network rose from third place to second in the ratings during the 1984–85 season and reached first place in 1985–86, with hits The Golden Girls, Miami Vice, 227, Night Court, Highway to Heaven, and Hunter. The network's upswing continued late into the decade with ALF, Amen, Matlock, L.A. Law, The Hogan Family, A Different World, Empty Nest, Unsolved Mysteries, and In the Heat of the Night. In 1986, Bob Wright was appointed as chairman of NBC.
In the fall of 1987, NBC conceived a syndication package for its owned-and-operated stations, under the brand "Prime Time Begins at 7:30", consisting of five sitcoms that each aired once a week, and were produced by various production companies contracted by NBC. The series included Marblehead Manor (from Paramount Television, airing Mondays), centering on a mansion owner and the people who live with him;[39] She's the Sheriff (from Lorimar-Telepictures and airing Tuesdays), a comeback vehicle for Suzanne Somers which cast her as a widowed county sheriff;[39] a series adapted from the George S. Kaufman play You Can't Take It with You (airing Wednesdays), starring Harry Morgan; Out of This World (from MCA Television and airing Thursdays), which starred Maureen Flannigan as a teenager born to an alien father and human mother that develops supernatural abilities on her 13th birthday;[40] and a revival of the short-lived 1983 NBC series We Got It Made (produced by Fred Silverman for MGM Television and closing out the week on Fridays), as part of an ongoing trend at the time in which former network series were revived in first-run syndication.[40]
The package was aimed at attracting viewers to NBC stations in the half-hour preceding prime time (8:00 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific Time Zones, 7:00 p.m. elsewhere),[40][41] and was conceived as a result of the FCC's loosening of the Prime Time Access Rule, legislation passed in 1971 that required networks to turn over the 7:30 p.m. (Eastern) time slot to local stations to program local or syndicated content; and the relaxation of the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules, which had prevented networks from producing content from their own syndication units to fill the void.[41] The shows that were part of the package were regularly outrated in many markets by such syndicated game shows as Wheel of Fortune, Jeopardy!, and Hollywood Squares. Marblehead Manor, We Got It Made and You Can't Take It With You were cancelled at the end of the 1987–88 season, with She's the Sheriff lasting one more season in weekend syndication before its cancellation. Out of This World ran for three additional seasons, airing mainly on weekends, and was the most successful of the five series.
NBC aired the first of eight consecutive Summer Olympic Games broadcasts when it covered the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea. The 1988–89 season saw NBC have an astounding 17 series in Nielsen's year-end Top 30 most-watched network programs; it also ranked at first place in the weekly ratings for more than 12 months, an unprecedented achievement that has not been duplicated since. 1989 however, also served as NBC's final year of covering Major League Baseball (the primary package would move over to CBS for the next four years before NBC regained the rights), having done so in some shape or form since 1947. Nevertheless, the network continued its hot streak into the early 1990s with new hits such as The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Blossom, and Law & Order.
"Must See TV"[edit]
Main article: Must See TV
In 1991, Tartikoff left his role as NBC's President of Entertainment to take an executive position at Paramount Pictures. In the course of a decade, he had taken control of a network with no shows in the Nielsen Top 10 and left it with five. Tartikoff was succeeded by Warren Littlefield, whose first years as entertainment president proved shaky as a result of most of the Tartikoff-era hits ending their runs. Some blamed Littlefield for losing David Letterman to CBS after naming Jay Leno as the successor to Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show, following the latter's retirement as host in May 1992. Things turned around with the launches of new hit series such as Mad About You, Wings, Sisters, Frasier, Friends, ER and Will & Grace.
One of Tartikoff's late acquisitions, Seinfeld initially struggled from its debut in 1989 as a summer series, but grew to become one of NBC's top-rated shows after it was moved to Thursdays in the time slot following Cheers. Seinfeld ended its run in 1998, becoming the latest overall television program in the U.S. to end its final season as the leader in the Nielsen ratings for a single television season. Only two other shows had finished their runs at the top of the ratings, I Love Lucy and The Andy Griffith Show.[42] Consequently, Friends emerged as NBC's biggest television show after the 1998 Seinfeld final broadcast. It dominated the ratings, never leaving the top five watched shows of the year from its second through tenth seasons and landing on the number-one spot during season eight in the 2001–02 season as the latest sitcom in the U.S. to lead the annual Nielsen primetime television ratings. Cheers spinoff Frasier became a critical and commercial success, usually landing in the Nielsen Top 20 – although its ratings were overshadowed to a minor extent by Friends – and went on to win numerous Emmy Awards (eventually setting a record for a sitcom that lasted until it was overtaken by Modern Family in 2014). In 1994, the network began branding its strong Thursday night lineup, mainly in reference to the comedies airing in the first two hours, under the "Must See TV" tagline (which during the mid- and late 1990s, was also applied to NBC's comedy blocks on other nights, particularly on Tuesdays).
Between September 1994 and September 1996, NBC would affiliate with several stations that were affected by the 1994–96 United States broadcast TV realignment, which was triggered as a result of Fox's acquisition of rights to the NFL in December 1993. Several of those stations, including WBAL-TV, WHDH (Boston), and WCAU (Philadelphia), were involved in an affiliation deal between Westinghouse Broadcasting and CBS.
By the mid-1990s, NBC's sports division, headed by Dick Ebersol, had rights to three of the four major professional sports leagues (the NFL, Major League Baseball and the NBA), the Olympics, and the national powerhouse Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team. The NBA on NBC enjoyed great success in the 1990s due in large part to the Chicago Bulls' run of six championships at the hands of superstar Michael Jordan. However, NBC Sports would suffer a major blow in 1998, when it lost the rights to the American Football Conference (AFC) to CBS, which itself had lost rights to the National Football Conference (NFC) to Fox four years earlier;[43] the deal stripped NBC of National Football League (NFL) game telecasts after 59 years and AFC games after 36 years (dating back to its existence as the American Football League prior to its 1970 merger with the NFL).
Littlefield left NBC in 1998 to pursue a career as a television and film producer,[44] with the network subsequently going through three entertainment presidents in three years. Littlefield was replaced as president of NBC Entertainment by Scott Sassa, who oversaw the development of such shows as The West Wing, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and Fear Factor. After Sassa was reassigned to NBC's West Coast Division, Garth Ancier was named as his replacement in 1999.[45] Jeff Zucker then succeeded Ancier as president of NBC Entertainment in 2000.[46]
New century, new problems[edit]
At the start of the 2000s, NBC's fortunes started to take a rapid turn for the worse. That year, NBC's longstanding ratings lead ended as CBS (which had languished in the ratings after losing the NFL) overtook it for first place. In 2001, CBS chose to move its hit reality series Survivor to serve as the anchor of its Thursday night lineup. Its success was taken as a suggestion that NBC's nearly two decades of dominance on Thursday nights could be broken; even so, the strength of Friends, Will & Grace, ER and Just Shoot Me! (the latter of which saw its highest viewership following its move to that night in the 2000–01 season) helped the network continue to lead the Thursday ratings. Overall, NBC retook its first place lead that year, and spent much of the next four years (with the exception of the 2002–03 season, when it was briefly jumped again by CBS for first) in the top spot.
On the other hand, NBC was stripped of the broadcast rights to two other major sports leagues: it lost Major League Baseball to Fox after the 2000 season (by that point, NBC only had alternating rights to the All-Star Game, League Championship Series and World Series), and, later, the NBA to ABC after the 2001–02 season. After losing the NBA rights, NBC's major sports offerings were reduced to the Olympics (which in 2002, expanded to include rights to the Winter Olympics, as part of a contract that gave it the U.S. television rights to both the Summer and Winter Olympics through 2012), PGA Tour golf events and a floundering Notre Dame football program (however, it would eventually acquire the rights to the National Hockey League in May 2004).
In October 2001, NBC acquired Spanish-language network Telemundo from Liberty Media and Sony Pictures Entertainment for $2.7 billion, beating out other bidders including CBS/Viacom. The deal was finalized in 2002.[47][48]
In 2003, French entertainment conglomerate Vivendi Universal sold 80% of its film and television subsidiary, Vivendi Universal Entertainment, to NBC's parent company, General Electric, integrating the network with Vivendi Universal's various properties (Universal Pictures film studio, Canal+ television networks, & Universal Parks & Resorts theme & amusement parks & resorts) upon completion of the merger of the two companies under the combined NBC Universal brand.[49] NBC Universal was then owned 80% by General Electric and 20% by Vivendi. In 2004, Zucker was promoted to the newly created position of president of NBC Universal Television Group. Kevin Reilly became the new president of NBC Entertainment.[50]
In 2004, NBC experienced a Three on a match scenario (Friends and Frasier ended their runs; Jerry Orbach, who had played one of the most popular characters of its hit Law & Order, died suddenly later that year), and shortly afterward was left with several moderately rated shows and few true hits.[51] In particular, Friends spin-off Joey, despite a relatively strong start, started to falter in the ratings during its second season. The 2004–05 season saw NBC become the first major network to air select dramas in letterbox over its analog broadcast feed; the move was done in the hopes of attracting new viewers, although the network saw only a slight boost.
In December 2005, NBC began its first week-long primetime game show event, Deal or No Deal; the series garnered high ratings, and became a weekly series in March 2006. Otherwise, the 2005–06 season was one of the worst for NBC in three decades, with only one fall series, the sitcom My Name Is Earl, surviving for a second season; the sole remaining anchor of the "Must See TV" lineup, Will & Grace also saw its ratings decline. That season, NBC's ratings fell to fourth place, behind a resurgent ABC, Fox (which would eventually become the most-watched U.S. broadcast network in the 2007–08 season), and top-rated CBS (which led for much of the remainder of the decade). During this time, all of the networks faced audience erosion from increased competition by cable television, home video, video games, and the Internet, with NBC being the hardest hit.
The 2006–07 season was a mixed bag for the network, with Deal or No Deal remaining strong and Heroes becoming a surprise hit on Monday nights, while the highly touted Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip (from West Wing creator Aaron Sorkin) lost a third of its premiere-night viewers by Week 6 and was eventually canceled; two critically acclaimed sitcoms, The Office and 30 Rock, also pulled in modest successes and went on to win the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series for four consecutive years. The network also regained the rights to the NFL after eight years that season when it acquired the Sunday Night Football package from ESPN (as part of a deal that also saw Monday Night Football move to ESPN from ABC). However, despite this, NBC remained at a very distant fourth place, barely ranking ahead of The CW.
However, NBC did experience success with its summer schedule, despite its declining ratings during the main broadcast season. America's Got Talent, a reality talent competition series that premiered in 2006, earned a 4.6 rating in the 18–49 demographic, higher than that earned by the 2002 premiere of Fox's American Idol. Got Talent (which is the flagship of an international talent competition franchise) would continue to garner unusually high ratings throughout its summer run. However, NBC decided not to place it in the spring season, and instead use it as a platform to promote their upcoming fall shows. Originally hosted by Regis Philbin, as of 2019[update] the series is currently hosted by Terry Crews, and continues to garner strong ratings throughout its summer seasons. In March 2007, NBC announced that it would begin offering full-length episodes of its prime time series for streaming on mobile devices, becoming the first U.S. broadcast network to offer on-demand mobile episode content, as the market began shifting away from traditional television.[52]
Following the unexpected termination of Kevin Reilly, in 2007, Ben Silverman was appointed president of NBC Entertainment,[53] while Jeff Zucker was promoted to succeed Bob Wright as CEO of NBC. The network failed to generate any new primetime hits during the 2008–09 season (despite the rare good fortune of having the rights to both the Super Bowl and the Summer Olympics in which to promote their new programming slate), the sitcom Parks and Recreation survived for a second season after a six-episode first season, while Heroes and Deal or No Deal both collapsed in the ratings and were later canceled (with a revamped Deal or No Deal being revived for one additional season in syndication). In a March 2009 interview, Zucker had stated that he no longer believed it would be possible for NBC to become #1 in prime time.[54] Ben Silverman left the network in 2009, with Jeff Gaspin replacing him as president of NBC Entertainment.
Comcast era (2011–present)[edit]
See also: 2010 Tonight Show conflict
On December 3, 2009, Comcast announced they would purchase a 51% controlling stake in NBC Universal from General Electric (which would retain the remaining 49%) for $6.5 billion in cash and $9.1 billion in raised debt.[55] GE used $5.8 billion from the deal to buy out Vivendi's 20% interest in NBC Universal.[55]
NBC's broadcast of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, in February of that year, generated a ratings increase of 21% over its broadcast of the 2006 Winter Games in Torino. The network was criticized for repeatedly showing footage of a crash occurring during practice for an Olympic luge competition that killed Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili. NBC News president Steve Capus ordered the footage not to be shown without his permission and Olympics prime time host Bob Costas promised on-air that the video would not be shown again during the Games.[56][57] NBC Universal was on track to lose $250 million in advertising revenue on that year's Winter Olympics, failing to make up the $820 million it paid for the U.S. television rights.[58] Even so, with its continuing position in fourth place (although it virtually tied with ABC in many demographics on the strength of NBC's sports broadcasts that year[59]), the 2009–10 season ended with only two scripted shows – Community and Parenthood, as well as three unscripted shows – The Marriage Ref, Who Do You Think You Are? and Minute to Win It – being renewed for second seasons, while other series such as Heroes and veteran crime drama Law & Order (the latter of which ended after 20 seasons, tying it with Gunsmoke as the longest-running prime time drama in U.S. television history) were cancelled.
Supporters of Conan O'Brien's hosting duties at The Tonight Show stage a protest outside Universal Studios in Los Angeles.
After Conan O'Brien succeeded Jay Leno as host of The Tonight Show in 2009, the network gave Leno a new prime time talk show, committing to air it every weeknight at 10:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific as an inexpensive comedic alternative to the police procedurals and other hour-long dramas typically aired in that time slot.[60] In doing so, NBC became the first major U.S. broadcast network in decades,[61] if ever,[62] to broadcast the same program in a weekdaily prime time strip. Its executives called the decision "a transformational moment in the history of broadcasting" and "in effect, launching five shows."[61] Conversely, industry executives criticized the network for abandoning a history of airing quality dramas in the 10:00 hour, and expressed concern that it would hurt NBC by undermining a reputation built on successful scripted series.[63] Citing complaints from many affiliates, which saw their late-evening newscasts drop significantly in the local ratings during The Jay Leno Show's run, NBC announced on January 10, 2010 that it would drop Leno's show from the 10:00 p.m. slot,[64] with Zucker announcing plans to shift the program (which would have been reduced to a half-hour) into the 11:35 p.m. slot and shift its existing late night lineup (including The Tonight Show) by 30 minutes. The removal of The Jay Leno Show from its prime time schedule had almost no impact on the network's ratings. The increases NBC experienced in the 2010–11 season compared to 2009–10 were almost entirely attributable to the rising viewership of NBC Sunday Night Football.[65] By 2012, the shows that occupied the 10:00 p.m. time slot drew lower numbers than The Jay Leno Show did when it aired in that hour two years before.[66] In the spring of 2010, cable provider and multimedia firm Comcast announced it would acquire a majority interest in NBC Universal from General Electric, which would retain a minority stake in the company in the interim.
On September 24, 2010, Jeff Zucker announced that he would step down as NBC Universal's CEO once the company's merger with Comcast was completed at the end of the year.[67][68] After the deal was finalized, Steve Burke was named CEO of NBCUniversal[69] and Robert Greenblatt replaced Jeff Gaspin as chairman of NBC Entertainment.[70] In 2011, NBC was finally able to find a breakout hit in the midseason reality singing competition series The Voice. Otherwise, NBC had another tough season, with every single new fall program getting cancelled by season's end – the third time this has happened to the network after the fall of 1975, and the fall of 1983 – and the midseason legal drama Harry's Law being its only freshman scripted series to be renewed for the 2011–12 season. The network nearly completed its full conversion to an all-HD schedule (outside of the Saturday morning time slot leased by the Qubo consortium, which NBCUniversal would rescind its stake in the following year) on September 20, 2011, when Last Call with Carson Daly converted to the format with the premiere of its 11th season.
The 2011–12 season was another tough season for NBC. On the upside, the network's broadcast of Super Bowl XLVI was the most-watched program in U.S. television history at the time, and the network's Monday night midseason lineup of The Voice and musical-drama Smash was very successful. The network managed to lift itself into third place in the 18–49 demographic in the 2011–12 season, primarily on the strength of those three programs (SNF, The Voice, and Smash), breaking the network's eight-year streak in fourth place. Four shows survived for a second season, but three of them were cancelled in the following year, none were unqualified ratings successes, and the network remained a distant fourth place in total viewership.
In the fall of 2012, NBC greatly expanded its sitcom roster, with eight comedy series airing on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday nights. NBC bounced back to first place network in adults 18–49 that fall, boosted by the new season of The Voice, the initial success of freshman drama Revolution and sitcom Go On, and the continued strength of Sunday Night Football. However, withholding the new season of The Voice and benching Revolution until late March, the network's midseason ratings suffered, falling to fifth place behind Spanish-language network Univision during the February sweeps period.[71] The 2012–13 season ended with NBC finishing in third place overall,[72][73] albeit by a narrow margin, with only three new shows, all dramas, surviving for a second season (Revolution, Chicago Fire and Hannibal).
In 2013, NBC Sports migrated its business and production operations (including NBCSN) to new facilities in Stamford, Connecticut.[74] Production of the network's NFL pre-game show Football Night in America remained at the NBC Studios at Rockefeller Center (with production operations based in Studio 8G, while the program itself was broadcast in Studio 8H, the longtime home of Saturday Night Live), until it migrated to the Stamford facility in September 2014. Despite the failure of another highly advertised game show event, The Million Second Quiz, the 2013–14 season was mostly successful for NBC due to the continued success of The Voice, Chicago Fire, Revolution, Sunday Night Football and Grimm. Along with new hits including The Blacklist, Hannibal and Chicago PD and a significant ratings boost from its broadcast of the 2014 Winter Olympics, NBC became the #1 network in the coveted 18–49 demographic that season for the first time since 2003–04, when Friends ended. NBC also improved considerably in total viewership, finishing behind long-dominant CBS in second place for the season.[75]
The 2014–15 season was something of a mixed bag for NBC, but still successful. NBC launched eight new series that year, with only one, comedy-drama police procedural The Mysteries of Laura, being renewed for a second season. Nevertheless, the network continued to experience success with most of its returning series, especially The Blacklist (despite a modest decline in viewership following its move to Thursdays midway through the season, due partly to an initial weak lead-in from miniseries The Slap). Combined with the record number of viewers tuning in to Super Bowl XLIX, NBC again finished #1 in the 18–49 demographic and in second place overall.[76]
The 2015–16 season was successful for NBC, with the successful launch of the new drama Blindspot premiering after The Voice, then subsequently being renewed for a second season in November 2015.[77] NBC also continued with the success with the Chicago franchise with launching its second spin-off Chicago Med, which also received an early second season pick up in February 2016.[78] Thursday nights continues to be a struggle for NBC, with continued success with the third season of The Blacklist brought the failed launch of Heroes Reborn which was cancelled in January 2016,[79] and thriller The Player; however, NBC found success with police procedural Shades of Blue, which improved in its timeslot and was renewed for a second season in February 2016.[80] On the comedy side, NBC surprisingly found success in the new workplace sitcom Superstore which premiered as a "preview" after The Voice in November 2015, and officially launched in January 2016 which brought decent ratings for a new comedy without The Voice as a lead-in and which was subsequently renewed for a second season in February 2016.[81]
The 2016–17 season brought more success for NBC with the premiere of comedy-drama This Is Us, which was well received by critics and ratings and was renewed for two additional seasons in January 2017.[82] The Blacklist continued to bring in modest ratings, but it brought the failed launch of its spinoff The Blacklist: Redemption. NBC continued to grow the Chicago franchise with a third spinoff titled Chicago Justice. On the comedy side, workplace sitcom Superstore continued success in its second season. The network launched new fantasy sitcom The Good Place following The Voice and brought in modest ratings and was renewed for a second season in January 2017.[83] Another highlight of the 2016–17 season was The Wall, which premiered to modest ratings and would air in the summer time period prior to the 2017–18 season.
The 2017–18 season brought continued success for NBC with the premiere of Ellen's Game of Games and the return of Will & Grace, the latter of which previously aired its final episode in 2006. The 2018–19 season would continue the network's success with the premieres of The Titan Games, Manifest, Songland, and New Amsterdam, all of which would be renewed for additional seasons; however, The Village and The Enemy Within would not make it past their first seasons. The network's dominance of the 2010s would fade during the 2019–20 season, when the COVID-19 pandemic caused a major disruption in production of the network's programming. The pandemic caused the IOC and the Japanese government to reach an agreement to postpone the 2020 Summer Olympics to the summer of 2021, resulting in the network having to rely on alternative programming for the summer of 2020.
Programming[edit]
Main articles: List of programs broadcast by NBC, List of programs previously broadcast by NBC, and NBC Sports
As of 2013[update], NBC provides 87 hours of regularly scheduled network programming each week. The network provides 22 hours of prime time programming to affiliated stations Monday through Saturdays from 8:00–11:00 p.m. (7:00–10:00 p.m. in all other U.S. time zones) and Sundays from 7:00–11:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific Time (6:00–10:00 p.m. in all other time zones).
Daytime programming is also provided weekdays at 1:00 p.m. in the form of the one-hour weekday soap opera Days of Our Lives (the scheduling of the program varies depending on the station, although it is initially fed to affiliates at 1:00 p.m. Eastern). NBC News programming includes the morning news/interview program Today from 7:00–11:00 a.m. weekdays, 7:00–9:00 on Saturdays and 7:00–8:00 on Sundays; nightly editions of NBC Nightly News (whose weekend editions are occasionally subject to abbreviation or preemption due to sports telecasts overrunning into the program's time slot), the Sunday political talk show Meet the Press, weekday early-morning news program Early Today and newsmagazine Dateline NBC. Late nights feature the weeknight talk shows The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, Late Night with Seth Meyers and A Little Late with Lilly Singh, and an overnight replay Today with Hoda & Jenna, or for NBC affiliates carrying it in syndication, the option to substitute a same-day encore of The Kelly Clarkson Show. On Saturdays, the LXTV-produced 1st Look and Open House NYC air after Saturday Night Live (replays of the previous week's 1st Look also air on Friday late nights on most stations), with a Meet the Press encore a part of its Sunday overnight schedule.
The network's Saturday morning children's programming time slot is programmed by Litton Entertainment under a time-lease agreement. The three-hour block of programming designed for 14–16 year-old teenage viewers is under the umbrella branding of The More You Know, based on the network's long-time strand of internally-produced public service announcements of the same name. It premiered on October 8, 2016, giving Litton control of all but Fox's Saturday morning E/I programming among the five major broadcast networks.
Sports programming is also provided weekend afternoons at any time between 12:00 and 6:00 p.m. (9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m., or tape-delayed in the Pacific Time Zone). Due to the unpredictable length of sporting events, NBC will occasionally pre-empt scheduled programs (more common with the weekend editions of NBC Nightly News, and local and syndicated programs carried by its owned-and-operated stations and affiliates). NBC has also held the American broadcasting rights to the Summer Olympic Games since the 1988 games and the rights to the Winter Olympic Games since the 2002 games. Coverage of the Olympics on NBC have included pre-empting regularly scheduled programs during daytime, primetime, and late night.
NBC News[edit]
Main article: NBC News
News coverage has long been an important part of NBC's operations and public image, dating to the network's radio days. Notable NBC News productions past and present include Today, NBC Nightly News (and its immediate predecessor, the Huntley-Brinkley Report), Meet the Press (which has the distinction of the longest continuously running program in the history of American television), Dateline NBC, Early Today, NBC News at Sunrise, NBC Nightside and Rock Center with Brian Williams.
In 1989, the news division began its expansion to cable with the launch of business news channel CNBC. The company eventually formed other cable news services including MSNBC (created in 1996 originally as a joint venture with Microsoft, which now features a mix of general news and political discussion programs with a liberal stance),[84][85] and the 2008 acquisition of The Weather Channel in conjunction with Blackstone Group and Bain Capital. In addition, NBCSN (operated as part of the NBC Sports Group, and which became an NBC property through Comcast's acquisition of NBCUniversal) carries sports news content alongside sports event telecasts. Key anchors from NBC News are also used during NBC Sports coverage of the Olympic Games.
Daytime programming[edit]
Main article: NBC Daytime
NBC is currently the home to only one daytime program, the hour-long soap opera Days of Our Lives, which has been broadcast on the network since 1965. Since NBC turned back an hour of its then two-hour daytime schedule to its affiliates as a result of the September 2007 expansion of Today to four hours, the network currently ties with The CW for the fewest daytime programming hours of any major broadcast television network.
Long-running daytime dramas seen on NBC in the past include The Doctors (1963–1982), Another World (1964–1999), Santa Barbara (1984–1993), and Passions (1999–2007). NBC also aired the final 4½ years of Search for Tomorrow (1982–1986) after that series was initially cancelled by CBS, although many NBC affiliates did not clear the show during its tenure on the network. NBC has also aired numerous short-lived soap operas, including Generations (1989–1991), Sunset Beach (1997–1999), and the two Another World spin-offs, Somerset (1970–1976) and Texas (1980–1982).
Notable daytime game shows that once aired on NBC include The Price Is Right (1956–1963), Concentration (1958–1973; and 1987–1991 as Classic Concentration), The Match Game (1962–1969), Let's Make a Deal (1963–1968 and 1990–1991, as well as a short-lived prime-time revival in 2003), Jeopardy! (1964–1975 and 1978–1979), The Hollywood Squares (1966–1980), Wheel of Fortune (1975–1989 and 1991), Password Plus/Super Password (1979–1982 and 1984–1989), Sale of the Century (1969–1973 and 1983–1989) and Scrabble (1984–1990 and 1993). The last game show ever to air as part of NBC's daytime schedule was the short-lived Caesars Challenge, which ended in January 1994.
Notable past daytime talk shows that have aired on NBC have included Home (1954–1957), The Ernie Kovacs Show (1955–1956), The Merv Griffin Show (1962–1963), Leeza (1994–1999) and Later Today (1999–2000).
Children's programming[edit]
Main articles: Children's programming on NBC, TNBC, Discovery Kids on NBC, Qubo, and NBC Kids
Children's programming has played a part in NBC's programming since its initial roots in television. NBC's first major children's series, Howdy Doody, debuted in 1947 and was one of the era's first breakthrough television shows. From the mid-1960s until 1992, the bulk of NBC's children's programming was composed of mainly animated programming including classic Looney Tunes and Woody Woodpecker shorts; reruns of primetime animated sitcoms such as The Flintstones and The Jetsons; foreign acquisitions like Astro Boy and Kimba the White Lion; animated adaptions of Punky Brewster, ALF and Star Trek as well as animated vehicles for Gary Coleman and Mr. T; live-action programs like The Banana Splits, The Bugaloos and H.R. Pufnstuf; and the original broadcasts of Gumby, The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, Underdog, The Smurfs, Alvin and the Chipmunks and Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears. From 1984 to 1989, the network aired a series of public service announcements called One to Grow On, which aired after the end credits of every program or every other children's program.[86]
In 1989, NBC premiered Saved by the Bell, a live-action teen sitcom which originated on The Disney Channel the previous year as Good Morning, Miss Bliss (which served as a starring vehicle for Hayley Mills; four cast members from that show were cast in the NBC series as the characters they originally played on Miss Bliss). Saved by the Bell, despite being given bad reviews from television critics, would become one of the most popular teen series in television history as well as the top-rated series on Saturday mornings, dethroning ABC's The Bugs Bunny and Tweety Show in its first season.
The success of Saved by the Bell led NBC to remove animated series from its Saturday morning lineup in August 1992 in favor of additional live-action series as part of a new block called TNBC, along with the debut of a Saturday edition of Today. Most of the series featured on the TNBC lineup were executive produced by Peter Engel (such as City Guys, Hang Time, California Dreams, One World and the Saved by the Bell sequel, Saved by the Bell: The New Class), with the lineup being designed from the start to meet the earliest form of the FCC's educational programming guidelines under the Children's Television Act.[87] NBA Inside Stuff, an analysis and interview program aimed at teens that was hosted for most of its run by Ahmad Rashād, was also a part of the TNBC lineup during the NBA season until 2002 (when the program moved to ABC as a result of that network taking the NBA rights from NBC).
In 2002, NBC entered into an agreement with Discovery Communications to carry educational children's programs from the Discovery Kids cable channel.[87] Debuting that September, the Discovery Kids on NBC block originally consisted exclusively of live-action series, including reality series Trading Spaces: Boys vs. Girls (a kid-themed version of the TLC series Trading Spaces); the Emmy-nominated reality game show Endurance, hosted and produced by J. D. Roth (whose production company, 3-Ball Productions, would also produce reality series The Biggest Loser for NBC beginning in 2003); and scripted series such as Strange Days at Blake Holsey High and Scout's Safari. The block later expanded to include some animated series such as Kenny the Shark, Tutenstein and Time Warp Trio.
In May 2006, NBC announced plans to launch a new Saturday morning children's block under the Qubo brand in September 2006.[88] An endeavor originally operated as a joint venture between NBCUniversal, Ion Media Networks, Scholastic Press, Classic Media and Corus Entertainment's Nelvana unit (Ion acquired the other partners' shares in 2013), the Qubo venture also encompassed weekly blocks on Telemundo and Ion Television, a 24-hour digital multicast network on Ion's owned-and-operated and affiliated stations, as well as video on demand services and a branded website. Qubo launched on NBC on September 9, 2006 with six programs (VeggieTales, Dragon, VeggieTales Presents: 3-2-1 Penguins!, Babar, Jane and the Dragon and Jacob Two-Two).
On March 28, 2012, it was announced that NBC would launch a new Saturday morning preschool block programmed by Sprout (originally jointly owned by NBCUniversal, PBS, Sesame Workshop and Apax Partners, with the former acquiring the other's interests later that year). The block, NBC Kids, premiered on July 7, 2012, replacing the "Qubo on NBC" block.[89][90][91][92]
Specials[edit]
NBC holds the broadcast rights to several annual specials and award show telecasts including the Golden Globe Awards and the Emmy Awards (which is rotated across all four major networks each year). Since 1953, NBC has served as the official U.S. broadcaster of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. CBS also carries unauthorized coverage of the Macy's parade as part of The Thanksgiving Day Parade on CBS; However, as NBC holds rights to the parade, it has exclusivity over the broadcast of Broadway and music performances appearing in the parade (CBS airs live performances separate from those seen in the parade as a result), and Macy's chose to reroute the parade in 2012 out of the view of CBS' cameras, although it continues to cover the parade. NBC began airing a same-day rebroadcast of the parade telecast in 2009 (replacing its annual Thanksgiving afternoon airing of Miracle on 34th Street). In 2007, NBC acquired the rights to the National Dog Show, which airs following the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade each year.
The network also broadcasts several live-action and animated specials during the Christmas holiday season, including the 2014 debuts How Murray Saved Christmas (an animated musical adaptation of the children's book of the same name) and Elf: Buddy's Musical Christmas (a stop-motion animated special based on the 2003 live-action film Elf).
Since 2013, the network has aired live musical adaptations with major stars in lead roles. Originally dismissed as a gimmick, they have proven to be ratings successes, as well as a nostalgic tribute to the early days of television. Past adaptations include:
The Sound of Music in 2013 (starring Carrie Underwood as Maria Von Trapp)
Peter Pan in 2014 (starring Allison Williams in the titular role and Christopher Walken as Captain Hook)
The Wiz in 2015 (starring Queen Latifah as the Wiz, Mary J. Blige as the Wicked Witch and Uzo Aduba as the Good Witch)
Hairspray in 2016 (starring Ariana Grande as Penny Pingleton, Jennifer Hudson as Motormouth Maybelle, Kristin Chenoweth as Velma von Tussle and Harvey Fierstein as Edna Turnblad, reprising his role in the original Broadway production)
Jesus Christ Superstar in 2018 (starring John Legend as Jesus Christ, Sara Bareilles as Mary Magdalene and Alice Cooper as King Herod)[93]
From 2003 to 2014, NBC also held rights to two of the three pageants organized by the Miss Universe Organization: the Miss Universe and Miss USA pageants (NBC also held rights to the Miss Teen USA pageant from 2003, when NBC also assumed rights to the Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants as part of a deal brokered by Miss Universe Organization owner Donald Trump that gave the network half-ownership of the pageants,[94] until 2007, when NBC declined to renew its contract to carry Miss Teen USA, effectively discontinuing televised broadcasts of that event). NBCUniversal relinquished the rights to Miss Universe and Miss USA on June 29, 2015, as part of its decision to cut business ties with Donald Trump and the Miss Universe Organization (which was half-owned by corporate parent NBCUniversal) in response to controversial remarks about Mexican immigrants made by Trump during the launch of his 2016 campaign for the Republican presidential nomination.[95][96]
Programming library[edit]
Through the years, NBC has produced many in-house programs, in addition to airing content from other producers such as Revue Studios and its successor Universal Television. Notable in-house productions by NBC have included Get Smart, Bonanza, Little House on the Prairie, Las Vegas, Crossing Jordan and Law & Order.
Stations[edit]
Main articles: List of NBC television affiliates (by U.S. state), List of NBC television affiliates (table), and NBC Owned Television Stations
NBC has twelve owned-and-operated stations and current and pending affiliation agreements with 223 additional television stations encompassing 50 states, the District of Columbia, six U.S. possessions and two non-U.S. territories (Aruba and Bermuda).[97][98] The network has a national reach of 88.91% of all households in the United States (or 277,821,345 Americans with at least one television set).
Currently, New Jersey is the only U.S. state where NBC does not have a locally licensed affiliate. New Jersey is served by New York City O&O WNBC-TV and Philadelphia O&O WCAU; New Jersey formerly had an in-state affiliate in Atlantic City-based WMGM-TV, which was affiliated with the network from 1955 to 2014. NBC maintains affiliations with low-power stations (broadcasting either in analog or digital) in a few smaller markets, such as Binghamton, New York (WBGH-CD), Jackson, Tennessee (WNBJ-LD) and Juneau, Alaska (KATH-LD), that do not have enough full-power stations to support a standalone affiliate. In some markets, these stations also maintain digital simulcasts on a subchannel of a co-owned/co-managed full-power television station.
Portions of New Hampshire receive NBC programming via network-owned WBTS-CD, licensed to serve Nashua; while nominally licensed as a low-power class A station, it transmits a full-power signal under a channel share with the WGBH Educational Foundation and its secondary Boston station WGBX-TV from Needham, Massachusetts, and serves as the NBC station for the entire Boston market. Until 2019, NBC operated a low-powered station in Boston, WBTS-LD (now WYCN-LD), which aimed to serve as its station in that market while using a network of additional full-power stations to cover the market in full (including Merrimack, New Hampshire-licensed Telemundo station WNEU, which transmitted WBTS on a second subchannel); NBC purchased the Nashua station (formerly WYCN-CD) in early 2018 after the FCC spectrum auction, and in 2019 relocated WYCN-LD to Providence, Rhode Island to serve as a Telemundo station for that market.
Currently outside of the NBC Owned Television Stations-operated O&O group, Tegna Media is the largest operator of NBC stations in terms of overall market reach, owning or providing services to 20 NBC affiliates (including those in larger markets such as Denver, St. Louis, Seattle and Cleveland); Gray Television is the largest operator of NBC stations by numerical total, owning 23 NBC-affiliated stations.
Related services[edit]
Video-on-demand services[edit]
NBC provides video on demand access for delayed viewing of the network's programming through various means, including via its website at NBC.com, a traditional VOD service called NBC on Demand available on most traditional cable and IPTV providers,[99] and through content deals with Hulu and Netflix (the latter of which carries only cataloged episodes of NBC programs, after losing the right to carry newer episodes of its programs during their current seasons in July 2011). NBCUniversal is a part-owner of Hulu (along with majority owner The Walt Disney Company, owner of ABC), and has offered full-length episodes of most of NBC's programming through the streaming service (which are available for viewing on Hulu's website and mobile app) since Hulu launched in private beta testing on October 29, 2007.[100][101][102][103]
The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually made available on NBC.com and Hulu the day after their original broadcast. In addition, NBC.com and certain other partner websites (including Hulu) provide complete back catalogs of most of its current series as well as a limited selection of episodes of classic series from the NBCUniversal Television Distribution program library – including shows not broadcast by NBC during their original runs (including the complete or partial episode catalogs of shows like 30 Rock, The A-Team, Charles in Charge, Emergency!, Knight Rider (both the original series and the short-lived 2008 reboot), Kojak, Miami Vice, The Office, Quantum Leap and Simon & Simon).[104][105][106]
On February 18, 2015, NBC began providing live programming streams of local NBC stations in select markets, which are only available to authenticated subscribers of participating pay television providers. All eleven NBC owned-and-operated stations owned by NBCUniversal Owned Television Stations' were the first stations to offer streams of their programming on NBC's website and mobile app, and new affiliation agreements have made a majority of the network's affiliates available through the network's website and app based on a viewer's location. The network's NFL game telecasts were not permitted to be streamed on the service for several years until a change to the league's mobile rights agreement in the 2018 season allowed games to be streamed through network websites and apps.[107][108][109][110]
NBC HD[edit]
NBC's master feed is transmitted in 1080i high definition, the native resolution format for NBCUniversal's television properties. However, 19 of its affiliates transmit the network's programming in 720p HD, while four others carry the network feed in 480i standard definition[97] either due to technical considerations for affiliates of other major networks that carry NBC programming on a digital subchannel, or because a primary feed NBC affiliate has not yet upgraded their transmission equipment to allow content to be presented in HD.
WRAL-TV in Raleigh, North Carolina (a station that re-joined NBC in February 2016) is currently testing the upcoming ATSC 3.0 television standard, which will allow the transmission of 2160p ultra-high-definition television (UHD), through a secondary experimental station (WRAL-EX); it has transmitted limited NBC programming in UHD through a secondary subchannel, and is currently the only station overall which transmits NBC's schedule in 1080p on its main subchannel.
Meet the Press was the first regular series on a major television network to produce a high-definition broadcast on February 2, 1997, which aired in the format over WHD-TV in Washington, D.C., an experimental television station owned by a consortium of industry groups and stations which launched to allow testing of HD broadcasts and operated until 2002 (the program itself continued to be transmitted in 480i standard definition over the NBC network until May 2, 2010, when it became the last NBC News program to convert to HD).[111][112] NBC officially began its conversion to high definition with the launch of its simulcast feed, NBC HD, on April 26, 1999, when The Tonight Show became the first HD program to air on the NBC network as well as the first regularly scheduled American network program to be produced and transmitted in high definition. The network gradually converted much of its existing programming from standard-definition to high definition beginning with the 2002–03 season, with select shows among that season's slate of freshmen scripted series being broadcast in HD from their debuts.[113]
The network completed its conversion to high definition in September 2012, with the launch of NBC Kids, a new Saturday morning children's block programmed by new partial sister network PBS Kids Sprout, which also became the second Saturday morning children's block with an entirely HD schedule (after the ABC-syndicated Litton's Weekend Adventure). All of the network's programming has been presented in full HD since then (with the exception of certain holiday specials produced prior to 2005 – such as its annual broadcast of It's a Wonderful Life – which continue to be presented in 4:3 SD, although some have been remastered for HD broadcast).
NBCi[edit]
NBCi header used from 1999 to 2007.
In 1999, NBC launched NBCi (briefly changing its web address to "www.nbci.com"), a heavily advertised online venture serving as an attempt to launch an Internet portal and homepage. This move saw NBC partner with XOOM.com (not to be confused with the current money transfer service), e-mail.com, AllBusiness.com,[114] and Snap.com (eventually acquiring all four companies outright; Snap should also not be confused with the current-day parent of Snapchat) to launch a multi-faceted internet portal with e-mail, webhosting, community, chat and personalization capabilities, and news content. Subsequently, in April 2000, NBC purchased GlobalBrain, a company specializing in search engines that learned from searches initiated by its users, for $32 million.
The experiment lasted roughly one season; after its failure, NBCi's operations were folded back into NBC.[115] The NBC Television portion of the website reverted to NBC.com. However, the NBCi website continued in operation as a portal for NBC-branded content (NBCi.com would be redirected to NBCi.msnbc.com), using a co-branded version of InfoSpace to deliver minimal portal content. In mid-2007, NBCi.com began to mirror the main NBC.com website;[116] NBCi.com was eventually redirected to the NBC.com domain in 2010.
Evolution of the NBC logo[edit]
Main article: NBC logo
NBC has used a number of logos throughout its history; early logos used by the television and radio networks were similar to the logo of its then parent company, RCA. Logos used later in NBC's existence incorporated stylized peacock designs, including the current version that has been in use since 1986.
International broadcasts[edit]
Canada[edit]
NBC network programs can be received throughout most of Canada on cable, satellite and IPTV providers through certain U.S.-based affiliates of the network (such as WBTS-CD in Boston, KING-TV in Seattle, KBJR-TV in Duluth, Minnesota, WGRZ in Buffalo, New York and WDIV-TV in Detroit). Some programs carried on these stations are subject to simultaneous substitutions, a practice imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission in which a pay television provider supplants an American station's signal with a feed from a Canadian station/network airing a particular program in the same time slot to protect domestic advertising revenue. Some of these affiliates are also receivable over-the-air in southern areas of the country located near the Canada–United States border (signal coverage was somewhat reduced after the digital television transition in 2009 due to the lower radiated power required to transmit digital signals).
Europe and the Middle East[edit]
NBC no longer exists outside the Americas as a channel in its own right. However, NBC News and MSNBC programs are broadcast for a few hours a day on OSN News, formerly known as Orbit News in Africa and the Middle East. Sister network CNBC Europe also broadcasts occasional breaking news coverage from MSNBC as well as The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. CNBC Europe also broadcast daily airings of NBC Nightly News at 00:30 CET Monday to Fridays.[117][118]
NBC Super Channel becomes NBC Europe[edit]
In 1993, then-NBC parent General Electric acquired Super Channel, relaunching the Pan-European cable network as NBC Super Channel.[119] In 1996, the channel was renamed NBC Europe, but was, from then on, almost always referred to on-air as simply "NBC".
Most of NBC Europe's prime time programming was produced in Europe due to rights restrictions associated with U.S. primetime shows; the channel's weekday late night schedule after 11:00 p.m. Central European Time, however, featured The Tonight Show, Late Night with Conan O'Brien and Later, which the channel's slogan "Where the Stars Come Out at Night" was based around. Many NBC News programs were broadcast on NBC Europe, including Dateline NBC, Meet the Press and NBC Nightly News, the latter of which was broadcast simultaneously with the initial U.S. telecast. Today was also initially aired live in the afternoons, but was later broadcast instead the following morning on a more than half-day delay.
In 1999, NBC Europe ceased broadcasting in most of Europe outside of Germany; the network was concurrently relaunched as a German-language technology channel aimed at a younger demographic, with the new series NBC GIGA as its flagship program. In 2005, the channel was relaunched again as the free-to-air movie channel Das Vierte which eventually shut down end of 2013 (acquired by Disney, which replaced it by a German version of Disney Channel). GIGA Television was subsequently spun off as a separate digital channel, available on satellite and cable providers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland which shut down as a TV station end of 2009.
Latin America[edit]
NBC programming is available in Mexico through free-to-air affiliates in markets located within proximity to the Mexico–United States border (such as KYMA-DT/Yuma, Arizona; KGNS-TV/Laredo, Texas; KTSM/El Paso, Texas; KVEO/Brownsville, Texas; and KNSD/San Diego), whose signals are readily receivable over-the-air in border areas of northern Mexico. Some U.S.-based border affiliates are also available on subscription television providers throughout the country, including in the Mexico City area.
Nicaragua[edit]
In Nicaragua, satellite providers carry either select U.S.-based NBC and Telemundo affiliated stations or the main network feed from NBCUniversal or Telemundo. The main local affiliate stations are NBC 6 WTVJ, Telemundo 51 WSCV in Miami. In addition to the NBC programming there is also available by the NBC sister network Telemundo, a Spanish network based in the United States.
Canal de Noticias[edit]
In 1993, NBC launched a 24-hour Spanish-language news channel serving Latin America (the second news channel serving that region overall, after Noticias ECO, and the first to broadcast 24 hours a day), Canal de Noticias NBC, which based its news schedule around the "wheel" format conceived at CNN.[120] The channel, which was headquartered in the offices of the NBC News Channel affiliate news service in Charlotte, North Carolina, employed over 50 journalists to produce, write, anchor and provide technical services. Canal de Noticias NBC shut down in 1999 due to the channel's inability to generate sustainable advertising revenue.
Caribbean[edit]
In the Caribbean, many subscription providers carry either select U.S.-based NBC affiliated stations or the main network feed from NBC O&Os WNBC in New York City or WTVJ in Miami. In addition, the network's programming has been available in the U.S. Virgin Islands since 2004 on WVGN-LD in Charlotte Amalie (owned by LKK Group), while Telemundo owned-and-operated station WKAQ-TV in San Juan, Puerto Rico carries the WNBC feed on a digital subchannel. In these areas, NBC programs are available in English and in Spanish via second audio program.
Bahamas[edit]
In the Bahamas, NBC programming is available via U.S.-based affiliate stations on domestic cable providers.
Netherlands Antilles[edit]
In Aruba, NBC maintains an affiliation with Oranjestad station PJA-TV (which brands on-air as "ATV").
Puerto Rico[edit]
In Puerto Rico, Telemundo O&O WKAQ-TV carries "NBC Puerto Rico" over their third subchannel, which is effectively a simulcast of WNBC with some local advertising and station identification.
Bermuda[edit]
Until it ended operations in 2014, NBC's entire program lineup was carried by VSB-TV, using the Eastern Time Zone feed, though an hour ahead due to its location in the Atlantic Time Zone. Bermuda currently receives NBC service from WTVJ Miami via cable.
Pacific[edit]
Guam[edit]
In Guam, the entire NBC programming lineup is carried by Hagåtña affiliate KUAM-TV (which has been an NBC affiliate since 1956) via the network's East Coast satellite feed. Entertainment and news programming is broadcast day and date on a one-day tape delay as Guam is on the west side of the International Date Line (for example, the network's Thursday prime time lineup airs Friday evenings on KUAM, and is advertised by the station as airing on the latter night in on-air promotions). Live programming, including breaking news and sporting events, airs as scheduled; because of the time difference with the six U.S. time zones, live sports coverage often airs on the station early in the morning. KUAM's programming is relayed to the Northern Mariana Islands via satellite station WSZE in Saipan.
American Samoa[edit]
In American Samoa, NBC was affiliated with KKHJ-LP in Pago Pago[121] from 2005 to 2012. Cable television providers on the islands carry the network's programming via Seattle affiliate KING-TV.
Federated States of Micronesia[edit]
In the Federated States of Micronesia, NBC programming is available on domestic cable providers via Honolulu affiliate KHNL.
Asia[edit]
NBC Asia and CNBC Asia[edit]
NBC Asia launched in 1994, distributed to Nepal, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Pakistan and the Philippines. Like NBC Europe, NBC Asia featured most of NBC's news programs as well as The Tonight Show, Late Night and Saturday Night Live. Like its European counterpart, it was not allowed to broadcast American-produced primetime shows due to existing broadcast agreements with other domestic broadcasters. NBC Asia produced a regional evening news program that aired each weeknight, and occasionally simulcast some programs from CNBC Asia and MSNBC. NBC also operated NBC Super Sports, a 24-hour channel devoted to televising sporting events.
In July 1998, NBC Asia was replaced by a regional version of the National Geographic Channel. As is the case with NBC Europe, CNBC Asia broadcasts select episodes of The Tonight Show and Late Night as well as Meet the Press are as part of its weekend schedule, and airs NFL games under the Sunday Night Football brand.
Regional partners[edit]
Through regional partners, NBC-produced programs are seen in some countries in the continent. In the Philippines, Jack TV (owned by Solar Entertainment) airs Will & Grace and Saturday Night Live, while TalkTV airs The Tonight Show and NBC News programs including the weekday and weekend editions of Today, Early Today, Dateline NBC and NBC Nightly News. Solar TV formerly broadcast The Jay Leno Show from 2009 to 2010. In Hong Kong, English language free-to-air channel TVB Pearl (operated by TVB) airs live broadcasts of NBC Nightly News, as well as other select NBC programs.
In Australia, the Seven Network has maintained close ties with NBC and has used a majority of the U.S. network's image campaigns and slogans since the 1970s (conversely, in 2009, NBC and Seven both used the Guy Sebastian single "Like it Like That" in image promos for their respective summer schedules). The network's Seven News division has used John Williams-composed "The Mission" (the proprietary theme music for NBC News' flagship programs since 1985) as the theme music for its local and national news programs since the mid-1980s, though re-composed domestically to meet their own branding image. Local newscasts were also titled Seven Nightly News from the mid-1980s until c. 2000. NBC News and Seven News often share news resources, with the former division using Seven's reporters for breaking news coverage and select taped story packages relating to Australian stories and the latter sometimes incorporating NBC News reports into its national bulletins.
Seven also rebroadcasts some of NBC's news and current affairs programming during the early morning hours (usually from 3:00 to 5:00 a.m. local time), including the weekday and weekend editions of Today (which it brands as NBC Today to differentiate it from the unrelated morning program of the same title on the Nine Network), Dateline NBC and Meet the Press.
Criticism and controversies[edit]
The NBC television network has been accused[122] of tolerating a culture of sexism and sexual harassment among its employees (especially within upper management and among senior anchors) and also of covering up indiscretions committed by prominent figures in the company through intimidation campaigns against victims that include a widespread use of non-disclosure agreements. This may have exposed the company to pressure by Harvey Weinstein to delay and/or terminate reporting on Harvey's criminal abuse of many women.[123][124]
See also: Today (American TV program) § Controversies and transitions, and MSNBC controversies
Presidents of NBC Entertainment[edit]
Sylvester Weaver 1953–1955 Weaver was hired by NBC in 1949, to help challenge CBS's ratings lead. While at NBC, Weaver established many operating practices that became standard for network television; he introduced the practice of networks producing their own television programs and selling advertising time during the broadcasts. Prior to this, advertising agencies usually developed each show for a particular client. Because commercial slots could now more easily be sold to more than one corporate sponsor for each program, a single advertiser pulling out of a program would not necessarily threaten it. Weaver also created several series for the network, Today (in 1952), Tonight Starring Steve Allen (in 1954, the first program in the Tonight Show franchise), Home (1954) and Wide Wide World (1955). Weaver strongly believed that broadcasting should educate as well as entertain and required NBC shows to typically include at least one sophisticated cultural reference or performance per installment – including a segment of a Giuseppe Verdi opera adapted to the comedic style of Sid Caesar and Imogene Coca's groundbreaking Your Show of Shows. Weaver did not ignore NBC Radio and gave it a shot in the arm in 1955, at a time when network radio was dying and giving way to television, when he developed NBC Monitor, a weekend-long magazine-style block featuring an array of news, music, comedy, drama and sports, with rotating advertisers and some of the most memorable names in broadcast journalism, entertainment and sports that ran until 1975 (20 years after Weaver's departure). Weaver departed shortly afterward, following disputes with NBC chairman David Sarnoff, who believed that his ideas were either too expensive or too highbrow for company tastes. His respective successors, Robert Sarnoff and Robert Kintner, standardized the network's programming practices with far less of the ambitiousness that characterized the Weaver years.
Robert E. Kintner 1958–1966 Kintner was appointed president in 1958; his tenure at NBC was marked by his aggressive effort to push the network's news division past CBS News in ratings and prestige. The news division was given more money, leading it to gain additional resources to provide coverage, notably of the 1960 Presidential election campaign, and led the Huntley-Brinkley Report to prominence among the network news programs.
Julian Goodman 1966–1974 Goodman, who joined NBC in 1966, helped establish Chet Huntley and David Brinkley as a well-known anchor team. While working at NBC, he negotiated a $1 million deal to retain Johnny Carson as host of The Tonight Show.
Herb Schlosser 1974–1978 After Johnny Carson announced he wanted to cancel the weekend editions of The Tonight Show in order to instead have repeats of it aired on weeknights,[125] Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, and asked him to create a show to fill the Saturday night time slot. At the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the latter's idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire, and music performances. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael O'Donoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBC's Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by a program on the rival network ABC that was hosted by its sportscaster Howard Cosell. NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26, 1977. Saturday Night Live remains on the air to this day.
Fred Silverman 1978–1981 Although Silverman developed many successful shows during his tenure at ABC, he left that network to become president and CEO of NBC in 1978. His three-year tenure at the network proved to be a difficult period for the network, marked by several high-profile failures such as Hello, Larry, Pink Lady and Jeff, Supertrain and the Jean Doumanian era of Saturday Night Live (Silverman hired Doumanian after Al Franken, the planned successor for outgoing creator/executive producer Lorne Michaels, castigated Silverman's failures in a sketch on the program[36]). Despite these failures, high points during Silverman's tenure included the launch of Hill Street Blues and the miniseries Shōgun. He also brought David Letterman to the network to host daytime talker The David Letterman Show, two years before the debut of Letterman's successful late night program in 1982, after Silverman negotiated a holding deal after the former's cancellation to keep Letterman from going to another network. However, Silverman nearly lost late night leader Johnny Carson, who filed a lawsuit against NBC during a contract dispute with the network; the case was settled out of court and Carson remained with NBC in exchange for acquiring the rights to his show and permission to reduce his time on-air (leading to the use of guest hosts on The Tonight Show such as Joan Rivers and his immediate successor, Jay Leno).[126] Silverman also developed successful sitcoms such as Diff'rent Strokes, The Facts of Life and Gimme a Break!, and made the series commitments that led to Cheers and St. Elsewhere. Silverman also pioneered the reality television genre with the 1979 debut of Real People. His contributions to the network's game show output included the Goodson-Todman-produced Card Sharks and a revival of Password, both of which enjoyed great success as part of the morning schedule, although he also canceled several other relatively popular series, including The Hollywood Squares and High Rollers, to make way for The David Letterman Show (those cancellations also threatened Wheel of Fortune, whose host, Chuck Woolery, left in a payment dispute during Silverman's tenure, although the show survived). Silverman also oversaw, while simultaneously objecting to, the hiring of Pat Sajak as the new host of Wheel (Sajak remains as host to this day in its syndicated incarnation).[127] On Saturday mornings, at a time when there was much similarity in animated content on the major networks, Silverman oversaw the development of an animated series based on The Smurfs (which ran from 1981 to 1989, well after Silverman's departure, making it one of his longest-lasting contributions to the network) as well as a revival of The Flintstones. In addition, Silverman revitalized the NBC News division, helping Today and NBC Nightly News achieve parity with their competition for the first time in years; and created a new FM radio division with competitive stations in New York City, Chicago, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. During his NBC tenure, Silverman also brought in an entirely new divisional and corporate management team, which remained in place long after Silverman's departure (among this group was Brandon Tartikoff, who as President of Entertainment, would help get NBC back on top by 1985). Silverman also reintroduced the peacock as NBC's corporate logo in 1979.
Brandon Tartikoff 1981–1991 Tartikoff was hired as a program executive at ABC in 1976. He joined NBC the following year, after being hired by Dick Ebersol to direct comedy programs for the network. Tartikoff took over as president of NBC's entertainment division in 1981,[128] becoming the youngest person ever to hold the position, at age 32. At the time Tartikoff took over, NBC was mired in last place behind ABC and CBS, and faced a looming writers' strike and affiliates defecting to other networks (mostly to ABC); Little House on the Prairie, Diff'rent Strokes and Real People were the only prime time shows the network had in the Nielsen Top 20. Also of issue, Johnny Carson was reportedly in talks to move his landmark late-night talk show to ABC; while the original cast and writing staff of Saturday Night Live had left the show, and their replacements had earned SNL some of its worst reviews. By 1982, Tartikoff and network president Grant Tinker gradually turned the network's fortunes around.[129] Tartikoff's successes as President of Entertainment included The Cosby Show (Tartikoff had pursued actor-comedian Bill Cosby to create a comedy pilot after having been impressed by the comedian's stories when Cosby was a guest host on The Tonight Show), the iconic 1980s drama Miami Vice (Tartikoff wrote a brainstorming memo that simply read "MTV cops", and later presented it to former Hill Street Blues writer/producer Anthony Yerkovich, who turned into the concept behind Miami Vice).[130][131][132][133] and Knight Rider (which was inspired by a perceived lack of leading men who could act, with Tartikoff suggesting that a talking car could fill in the gaps in any leading man's acting abilities).[129] While Family Ties was undergoing its casting process, Tartikoff was unexcited about Michael J. Fox being considered for the role of Alex P. Keaton,[129] however, creator/executive producer Gary David Goldberg insisted on having Fox in the role until Tartikoff relented, saying, "Go ahead if you insist. But I'm telling you, this is not the kind of face you'll ever see on a lunch box". After Fox's stardom was cemented by Back to the Future, he good-naturedly sent Tartikoff a lunch box with Fox's picture that contained a note reading: "To Brandon: This is for you to put your crow in. Love and Kisses, Michael J. Fox", which Tartikoff kept in his office for the rest of his career. Johnny Carson broke the news of his retirement in February 1991 to Tartikoff during a lunch meeting at the Grille in Beverly Hills. Tartikoff and chairman Bob Wright were the only ones who knew of the planned retirement before it was made public days later.[129] Tartikoff wrote in his memoirs that his biggest professional regret was cancelling the series Buffalo Bill, which he later went on to include in a fantasy "dream schedule" created for a TV Guide article that detailed his idea of "The Greatest Network Ever."
Warren Littlefield 1991–1998 Littlefield helped develop Cheers, The Cosby Show and The Golden Girls as senior, and later, executive vice president of NBC Entertainment under Brandon Tartikoff, of whom Littlefield was his protégé. During his tenure as president of NBC, Littlefield oversaw the creation of many hit shows during the 1990s such as Seinfeld, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Wings, Blossom, Law & Order, Mad About You, Sisters, Frasier, Friends, ER, Homicide: Life on the Street, Caroline in the City, NewsRadio, 3rd Rock from the Sun, Suddenly Susan, Just Shoot Me!, Will & Grace and The West Wing.
Scott Sassa 1998–1999 Sassa joined NBC in September 1997 as president of the NBC Television Stations division, where he was responsible for overseeing the operation of NBC's then 13 owned-and-operated stations.[134] In October 1998, Sassa became president of NBC Entertainment, lasting in that position for eight months until he was reassigned to NBC's West Coast division in May 1999, where as its president, he oversaw NBC's entertainment-related businesses.[45] Sassa made the transition to that position after working alongside his predecessor, Don Ohlmeyer. During this time, he oversaw the development and production of NBC's new primetime series including such shows as The West Wing, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and Fear Factor. Under Sassa, NBC rated as the #1 network for three out of four seasons.
Garth Ancier 1999–2000 Ancier, who also worked as television producer (most notably, serving as executive producer of tabloid talk show Ricki Lake) prior to joining the network, was named President of NBC Entertainment in 1999.
Jeff Zucker 2000–2004 Zucker was named President of NBC Entertainment in 2000, succeeding Garth Ancier.[135] In a 2004 profile on Zucker, Businessweek stated that in his four years as entertainment president, he was responsible for having "kept the network ahead of the pack by airing the gross out show Fear Factor, negotiating for the cast of the hit series Friends to take the series up to a tenth season, and signing Donald Trump for the reality show The Apprentice" and having helped increase NBC's operating revenue from $532 million in 1999 to $870 million by 2003. Other critical and/or commercial successes greenlit under Zucker included Las Vegas, Law & Order: Criminal Intent and Scrubs. He originated the concept of airing "Supersized" episodes (running longer than the standard 30-minute slot) of NBC sitcoms during sweeps and making aggressive programming efforts during the summer to compete with cable networks that began to draw viewers to their original programming content while the networks ran mostly reruns. Zucker also oversaw the successful transition of Bravo (which NBC acquired from Rainbow Media in 2002) from a film and arts-focused network to a network primarily reliant on reality series, and the repositioning of Telemundo to become more competitive with leading Spanish-language network Univision. In May 2004, following NBC's merger with Vivendi Universal, Zucker was promoted to president of the NBC Universal Television Group. Zucker's responsibilities, which already included NBC's cable channels, were expanded to include oversight of television production as well as USA Network, Sci-Fi Channel and Trio. Following his promotion, NBC slid from first place to fourth in the ratings. Shows that Zucker championed such as animated series Father of the Pride and the Friends spinoff Joey floundered.[136]
Kevin Reilly 2004–2007 Reilly was appointed President of Entertainment in May 2004. Having begun his career at NBC Entertainment almost two decades earlier, he returned to the network in the fall of 2003 as President of Primetime Development. Early in his NBC career, Reilly supervised Law & Order in its first season and helped develop ER. After his first stint at NBC, Reilly became President of Brad Grey Television, the television production arm of Brillstein-Grey Entertainment, in 1994. He was responsible for the development of the pilot for The Sopranos, and NBC sitcoms Just Shoot Me! and NewsRadio. Reilly's vocal support of The Office helped it survive its first season, despite it suffering from low ratings.[137] Shows developed under Reilly included My Name Is Earl, Heroes, 30 Rock and Friday Night Lights.[138] Although he signed a new three-year contract with NBC in February 2007, Reilly was terminated as president in late May 2007.[139] Approximately one month later, he joined Fox as its President of Entertainment.
Ben Silverman 2007–2009 Silverman and Marc Graboff were appointed co-chairmen of NBC Entertainment in 2007, succeeding Kevin Reilly. That year, Silverman became the first producer since Norman Lear (in 1973) to have two Emmy-nominated shows in the "Outstanding Comedy/Variety Series" category (The Office and ABC's Ugly Betty).[140] He is credited for his role in saving the critically acclaimed but low-rated NBC drama Friday Night Lights by striking an innovative deal,[141] in which DirecTV agreed to take on a substantial amount of the show's production budget in exchange for exclusive first window rights to broadcast the program on The 101 while NBC would re-air the episodes later in the season.[142]
Jeff Gaspin 2009–2010 Gaspin first joined NBC in the early 1980s, as part of its associates program, after failing to find any jobs in finance on Wall Street. After spending five years in the finance department, he was promoted to a programming position at NBC News at the urging of the news division's then-president Michael Gartner, before being moved to the entertainment division. During his first tenure, Gaspin helped to develop and launch Dateline NBC and oversaw the expansion of Today to weekends. In 1996, Gaspin left NBC to become program development chief at VH1. Gaspin returned to NBC in 2001 as Executive Vice President of Program Strategy at NBC Entertainment, where he helped to develop new programs such as The Apprentice and The Biggest Loser. In 2002, Gaspin was appointed as President of Bravo, following NBC's purchase of the cable channel, where his most notable accomplishments were the massive hits Queer Eye for the Straight Guy and Project Runway. He was reassigned to President of NBC Universal Cable and Digital Content in 2007.[143] In July 2009, Gaspin was promoted to Chairman of NBC Universal Television Entertainment, becoming responsible for NBC Entertainment, USA Network, Bravo and NBC Universal Domestic Television Distribution.
Robert Greenblatt 2011–2018 Greenblatt succeeded Jeff Gaspin in January 2011 after Comcast took control of NBCUniversal. Under Greenblatt's direction, NBC saw major successes with the Chicago series franchise, This Is Us, the revival of Will & Grace, and several live musical productions. The success of many of his programs led NBC to take over CBS as the #1 network during the 2017-18 television season for the first time in sixteen years. Greenblatt departed NBC in September 2018.[144][145]
George Cheeks & Paul Telegdy 2018–present Cheeks and Telegdy succeeded Robert Greenblatt in September 2018, following Greenblatt's departure.[146]
Lists of NBC television affiliates
List of NBC personalities
NBC pages
NBC Olympic broadcasts
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^ Storm, Jonathan (August 7, 2009). "NBC outlines its plans for 5-night 'Jay Leno Show'". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
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^ Paulson, Michael. "John Legend and the 'Jesus Christ Superstar' Cast on Faith and Musicals". NY Times. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
^ "Trump moves pageants from CBS to NBC". St. Petersburg Times. June 22, 2002. p. 2B.
^ "NBC: Done With Donald Trump, Miss USA, Miss Universe – Update". Deadline. Penske Media Corporation. June 29, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
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^ "Network Profile: NBC". Station Index.
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^ Carter, Bill (November 21, 2010). "Comcast's Plans for Executives Offer Clues to Future of NBC". The New York Times.
^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 21, 2018). "Robert Greenblatt Eyes Exit From NBC". Deadline. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 24, 2018). "George Cheeks & Paul Telegdy To Succeed Bob Greenblatt At NBC Entertainment". Deadline. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
Further reading[edit]
Hilmes, Michele (2007). NBC: America's Network. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520250819.
Robinson, Marc (2002). Brought to You in Living Color: 75 Years of Great Moments in Television and Radio from NBC. Wiley.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to NBC.
Official History and Milestones for NBC Universal
Museum of Broadcast Communications – NBC History
NBC Logo Creation History
Dick Ebersol
Robert Greenblatt
Bonnie Hammer
Ted Harbert
Universal Filmed
Amblin Partners*
Back Lot Music
Carnival Films
DreamWorks Classics
Big Idea Entertainment
Bullwinkle Studios*
Harvey Entertainment
Illumination Mac Guff
NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan
United International Pictures*
Universal Animation Studios
& Resorts
CityWalk
Epic Universe
Universal Beijing Resort
Universal Studios Beijing
Content Studios
Universal Television
Universal Content Productions
NBCU International Studios
Matchbox Pictures
and Streaming
Cozi TV
NBC LX
Universal Kids
NBCU Telemundo
Puerto Rico Studios
Telemundo Studios
Telemundo Deportesw/NBC Sports Group
NBCU Owned TV
Stations O&Os
NBC Owned
KNSD
KXAS-TV
WBTS-CD
WCAU
WMAQ-TV
WNBC
WRC-TV
WTVJ
WVIT
K15CU-D
New England Cable News
Station Group
KBLR
KCSO
KDEN-TV
KEJT-LP
KHRR
KNSO
KTAZ
KTDO
KTLM
KTMD
KUAN
KVDA
KVEA
KXTX-TV
WKAQ-TV
WNEU
WNJU
WRDM-CD/WDMR-LP
WRIW-CD
WRMD-CD
WRTD-CD
WSCV
WSNS-TV
WTMO-CD
WWSI
WWDT-CD
WYCN-LD
WZTD-LD
WZDC-CD
Other properties: TeleXitos
NBC Sports Group
NBC Sports Ventures
NBC Sports Digital
part owner
Bay Area (45%)
Chicago (20%)
SNY (8%)
DreamWorks Channel
Europe, Middle
East and Africa
Telemundo Internacional
Bluprint
PictureBox Films
Fandango Media (70%)
Hulu (33%)
EMKA, Ltd.
International Media Distribution
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
CNBC global channels
Africa (licensee)
CNBC Europe branches
Class CNBC (20%)
Arabiya
CNBC Asia branches
JKN-CNBC
Nikkei CNBC
SBS CNBC
Former/defunct
properties and
13th Street (Australia)
Canal+ Group
Castle Films
Chapman Entertainment
Cloo
Diva Universal (Italy)
E! (Asia)
Entertainment Rights
Esquire Network
Fearnet
Hallmark Channel (international)
ITC Entertainment
Interscope Communications
MCA Inc.
Miss Universe*
Multimedia Entertainment
NBC Weather Plus
Peacock Productions
Propaganda Films
Seagram Company Ltd.
Spencer Gifts
Style Network (Australia)
Syfy (Asia)
Syfy (Australia)
Tell-Tale Productions
Total Television
Universal Channel (Asia)
Universal Channel (Greece)
Universal Channel (Japan)
Universal Channel (Poland)
Universal TV (UK and Ireland)
Universal TV (Turkey)
Western Publishing
Whitman Publishing
Golden Books Family Entertainment
Golden Book Video
Woodland Animations
ZGS Communications
* Denotes joint ventures
NBC programming (current and upcoming)
American Ninja Warrior (since 2011)
America's Got Talent (since 2006)
America's Got Talent: The Champions (since 2019)
The Blacklist (since 2013)
Bring the Funny (since 2019)
Brooklyn Nine-Nine (since 2019)
Chicago Fire (since 2012)
Chicago Med (since 2015)
Chicago P.D. (since 2014)
Dateline NBC (since 1992)
Ellen's Game of Games (since 2017)
Good Girls (since 2018)
Hollywood Game Night (since 2013)
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (since 1999)
Little Big Shots (since 2016)
Making It (since 2018)
Manifest (since 2018)
Mr. Mayor (since 2021)
New Amsterdam (since 2018)
Songland (since 2019)
Superstore (since 2015)
This Is Us (since 2016)
The Titan Games (since 2019)
The Voice (since 2011)
The Wall (since 2016)
Weakest Link (2001–02; since 2020)
World of Dance (since 2017)
Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist (since 2020)
Days of Our Lives (since 1965)
Late Night with Seth Meyers (since 2014)
Saturday Night Live (since 1975)
The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (since 2014)
A Little Late with Lilly Singh (since 2019)
Early Today (since 1999)
Meet the Press (since 1947)
NBC Nightly News (since 1970)
Today (since 1952)
IndyCar Series on NBC
Golf Channel on NBC
NASCAR on NBC
NFL on NBC
Football Night in America
NHL on NBC
Notre Dame Football on NBC
Tennis on NBC
Thoroughbred Racing on NBC
Premier League on NBC
College Bowl (1963–70; 2021)
Young Rock (2021)
Debris (TBA)
Who Do You Think You Are? (2010–12; TBA)
English-language broadcast television networks in the United States
AMGTV
Ion Television
MyNetworkTV
YTA TV
American Public Television
Classic Arts Showcase
Biz Television
WeatherNation
Rev'n
Kids/Family
Family Channel
Asia Vision
Soul of the South
Dabl
Localish
CMC & CMC-USA
Country Network
Legal/Crime
Court TV Mystery
CaribVision
ArirangTV
KEMS
GetTV
This TV
Buzzr
Charge!
Laff
Start TV
OnTV4U
Shop LC
America One
Channel America
FamilyNetc
Mizlou
NATVi
NTA Film
Overmyer/United
Plum TV
SFM Holiday
Theater TV
Tuff TV
ABC News Now
All News Channel
DoD News
Local AccuWeather Channel
NBC Wx+/NBC+
TouchVision
* MHz Networks
MHz Worldviewi
ResearchChannel
Sportsmanc
American Sports Network
America's Store
Gems TV
Gun TV
Bohemia Visual Musici
MTV2c
Tr3sc
Retro Jams
TheCoolTV
c - Now cable-only, i - Now internet-only
Nominee, 1998 award in the category TV
Fore Inventors Only
Indy Car 36
NBC SportsTalk
NFL Turning Point
NHL Live
NHL Overtime
Sunday Sports Report
College Football on NBC
College Hockey on NBC
Dew Action Sports Tour
Lucas Oil AMA Pro Motocross
Olympics on NBC
Premier League on US TV
USA Sevens
USA Rugby League
SmackDown Live
National channels
NBC Sports Radio
minority stake
Universal Sports (defunct)
NBC Sports Regional Networks
Occasional programming
NBC Olympics
NBC-Telemundo Deportes
Occasional broadcasters
(Spanish-language)
Alli Sports
American Century Championship
NBC Sports Gold
NBC Sports Live Extra
Rotoworld Fantasy Sports
profootballtalk.com
Xfinity Live! Philadelphia
Former programs
AFL on NBC
Baseball Night in America
Bowling on NBC
CFL on NBC
College Basketball on NBC
FIFA World Cup on NBC
Formula One on NBC
Gillette Cavalcade of Sports
Hambletonian
The 'Lights
MLB Game of the Week
MLB on NBC
Major League Baseball: An Inside Look
MLS on NBC
NBA on NBC
NBC College Football Game of the Week
Sportsworld
Red Bull Global Rallycross
Parent: NBCUniversal
CEOs of NBC
CEOs of NBCUniversal
Fred Silverman (1978–1981)
Grant Tinker (1981–1986)
Bob Wright (1986–2007)
Jeff Zucker (2007–2011)
Steve Burke (2011–2019)
Jeff Shell (2020–present)
Presidents of NBC
Sylvester Weaver (1953-1955)
Robert Sarnoff (1955–1965)
Robert E. Kintner (1958–1965)
Julian Goodman (1966–1974)
Herb Schlosser (1974–1978)
NBC West Coast Presidents
Perry Lafferty (1979)
Don Ohlmeyer (1993–1999)
Scott Sassa (1999–2002)
Presidents of NBC Entertainment
Sylvester Weaver (1953–1955)
Brandon Tartikoff (1981–1991)
Warren Littlefield (1991–1998)
Garth Ancier (1999–2000)
Kevin Reilly (2004–2007)
Ben Silverman (2007–2009)
Jeff Gaspin (2009–2010)
Robert Greenblatt (2011–2018)
George Cheeks and Paul Telegdy (2018–2019)
Paul Telegdy (2019–2020)
Frances Berwick (2020–present)
BNF: cb12804962t (data)
RERO: 02-A005478911
VcBA: 494/11660
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NBC&oldid=999985884"
NBCUniversal networks
Television networks in the United States
Entertainment companies based in New York City
American companies established in 1926
Radio stations established in 1926
1926 establishments in New York (state)
Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
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All Wikipedia articles written in American English
Use mdy dates from March 2018
Articles needing additional references from April 2018
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Home > My Blog
PPP application dates
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PPP application dates announced
By Jeff Drew
Guidance issued for PPP first-draw loan increases, reapplications
PPP application forms released
Date set for limited PPP reopening
The application window for Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) forgivable loans will open Friday for lenders with $1 billion or less in assets, the US Small Business Administration and Treasury announced.
The opening, which will take place at 9 a.m. ET, applies for both first- and second-draw PPP loans.
The program will begin accepting applications for first- and second-draw loans from large lenders on Tuesday, Jan. 19.
PPP reopened Monday initially for community financial institutions (CFIs) to make loans to first-time PPP borrowers. CFIs were allowed to make second-draw loans to previous PPP recipients starting Wednesday.
CFIs typically work with underserved small businesses. SBA and Treasury granted the initial early access to PPP so these small businesses, which include many minority- and women-owned concerns, could get first crack at accessing the $284.5 billion in PPP funding approved in the part of the $900 billion COVID-19 relief bill that was signed into law on Dec. 27.
The AICPA issued a news release earlier Wednesday encouraging accounting firms to aggressively advance PPP applications for small businesses in anticipation of the SBA beginning to accept applications from all lenders.
“We believe the full program needs to go live as soon as possible and we fully support the Treasury Department and SBA reopening the program for all lenders,” said AICPA President and CEO Barry Melancon, CPA, CGMA, in the news release. “What we’ve been telling CPA firms is be prepared and get to work. All indications, based on input from the Treasury and SBA, is there will be enough funding to meet all of the ‘first draw’ and ‘second draw’ PPP applications, so firms can help alleviate concerns their clients may have.”
The AICPA has been advising firms to collect key information from their clients such as average monthly payroll amounts, quarterly revenue for second-draw borrowers, and other required documentation to speed the process.
AICPA executives will discuss the latest PPP developments and their implications for CPAs and their small business clients at this week’s AICPA Town Hall at 3 p.m. ET on Thursday.
Accounting firms can prepare and process applications for PPP on the CPA Business Funding Portal, created by the AICPA, CPA.com and fintech partner Biz2Credit.
PPP funding, forms and guidance
Accountants played a key role in helping small businesses secure needed funding during the first iteration of PPP, which provided $525 billion in forgivable loans over five months before it stopped accepting applications in August. The $284.5 billion in fresh PPP funding includes set-asides of $35 billion for first-time loans and $15 billion set aside for CFIs.
The SBA and Treasury issued guidance Jan. 6 for the new PPP, which shares many of the same rules as the old PPP but also has some significant differences. Application forms for first– and second-draw loans were released a couple of days later.
Quick overview of the new PPP
In general, first- and second-time PPP borrowers may receive a loan amount of up to 2.5 times their average monthly payroll costs (with a cap per employee of $100,000 annualized) in 2019, 2020, or the year prior to the loan. PPP borrowers with North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes starting with 72 (such as hotels and restaurants) can receive up to 3.5 times their average monthly payroll costs on second-draw loans.
The loans are capped at $10 million for first-time borrowers and $2 million for second-time PPP borrowers.
PPP first- and second-draw loans may qualify for forgiveness if the funds are used on the following eligible costs: payroll, rent, covered mortgage interest, and utilities, covered worker protection and facility modification expenditures, covered property damage costs, covered payments to suppliers and payments for business software or cloud computing services that facilitate business operations, product or service delivery, and a number of back-office functions, including accounting.
To be eligible for full loan forgiveness, PPP borrowers must spend no less than 60% of the funds on payroll over a covered period of their choice between eight and 24 weeks.
Borrowers are eligible for a second-draw PPP loan of up to $2 million, provided they have:
300 or fewer employees.
Used or will use the full amount of their first PPP loan on or before the expected date for the second PPP loan to be disbursed to the borrower. The IFR also clarifies that the borrower must have spent the full amount of the first PPP loan on eligible expenses.
Experienced a revenue reduction of 25% or more in all or part of 2020 compared with all or part of 2019. This is calculated by comparing gross receipts in any 2020 quarter with an applicable quarter in 2019, or, in a provision added in the IFR, a borrower that was in operation for all four quarters of 2019 can submit copies of its annual tax forms that show a reduction in annual receipts of 25% or greater in 2020 compared with 2019.
First time PPP loans are available to borrowers that were in operations on Feb. 15, 2020 and are from one of the following groups:
Businesses with 500 or fewer employees that are eligible for other SBA 7(a) loans.
Sole proprietors, independent contractors, and eligible self-employed individuals.
Not-for-profits, including churches.
Accommodation and food services operations with NAICS codes starting with 72 that have fewer than 500 employees per physical location.
Sec. 501(c)(6) business leagues, such as chambers of commerce, visitors’ bureaus, etc., and “destination marketing organizations” that have 300 or fewer employees and do not receive more than 15% of receipts from lobbying. The lobbying activities must comprise no more than 15% of the organization’s total activities and have cost no more than $1 million during the most recent tax year that ended prior to Feb. 15. 2020. Sports leagues are not eligible.
News organizations that are majority-owned or controlled by an NAICS code 511110 or 5151 business or not-for-profit public broadcasting entities with a trade or business under NAICS code 511110 or 5151. The size limit for this category is no more than 500 employees per location.
AICPA experts discuss the latest on the PPP and other small business aid programs during a biweekly virtual town hall. The webcasts, which provide CPE credit, are free to AICPA members. Go to the AICPA Town Hall Series webpage for more information and to register.
The AICPA’s Paycheck Protection Program Resources page houses resources and tools produced by the AICPA to help address the economic impact of the coronavirus.
For more news and reporting on the coronavirus and how CPAs can handle challenges related to the outbreak, visit the JofA’s coronavirus resources page or subscribe to our email alerts for breaking PPP news.
— Jeff Drew (Jeff.Drew@aicpa-cima.com) is a JofA senior editor.
Treasury and IRS begin delivering second round of Economic Impact Payments to millions of Americans
Comments Off on Treasury and IRS begin delivering second round of Economic Impact Payments to millions of Americans
IR-2020-280, December 29, 2020
WASHINGTON – Today, the Internal Revenue Service and the Treasury Department will begin delivering a second round of Economic Impact Payments as part of the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021 to millions of Americans who received the first round of payments earlier this year.
The initial direct deposit payments may begin arriving as early as tonight for some and will continue into next week. Paper checks will begin to be mailed tomorrow, Wednesday, December 30.
The IRS emphasizes that there is no action required by eligible individuals to receive this second payment. Some Americans may see the direct deposit payments as pending or as provisional payments in their accounts before the official payment date of January 4, 2021. The IRS reminds taxpayers that the payments are automatic, and they should not contact their financial institutions or the IRS with payment timing questions.
As with the first round of payments under the CARES Act, most recipients will receive these payments by direct deposit. For Social Security and other beneficiaries who received the first round of payments via Direct Express, they will receive this second payment the same way.
Anyone who received the first round of payments earlier this year but doesn’t receive a payment via direct deposit will generally receive a check or, in some instances, a debit card. For those in this category, the payments will conclude in January. If additional legislation is enacted to provide for an additional amount, the Economic Impact Payments that have been issued will be topped up as quickly as possible.
Eligible individuals who did not receive an Economic Impact Payment this year – either the first or the second payment – will be able to claim it when they file their 2020 taxes in 2021. The IRS urges taxpayers who didn’t receive a payment this year to review the eligibility criteria when they file their 2020 taxes; many people, including recent college graduates, may be eligible to claim it. People will see the Economic Impact Payments (EIP) referred to as the Recovery Rebate Credit (RRC) on Form 1040 or Form 1040-SR since the EIPs are an advance payment of the RRC.
“Throughout this challenging year, the IRS has worked around the clock to provide Economic Impact Payments and critical taxpayer services to the American people,” said IRS Commissioner Chuck Rettig. “We are working swiftly to distribute this second round of payments as quickly as possible. This work continues throughout the holidays and into the new year as we prepare for the upcoming filing season. We urge everyone to visit IRS.gov in the coming days for the latest information on these payments and for important information and assistance with filing their 2021 taxes.”
Authorized by the newly enacted COVID-relief legislation, the second round of payments, or “EIP 2,” is generally $600 for singles and $1,200 for married couples filing a joint return. In addition, those with qualifying children will also receive $600 for each qualifying child. Dependents who are 17 and older are not eligible for the child payment.
Payments are automatic for eligible taxpayers
Payments are automatic for eligible taxpayers who filed a 2019 tax return, those who receive Social Security retirement, survivor or disability benefits (SSDI), Railroad Retirement benefits as well as Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Veterans Affairs beneficiaries who didn’t file a tax return. Payments are also automatic for anyone who successfully registered for the first payment online at IRS.gov using the agency’s Non-Filers tool by November 21, 2020 or who submitted a simplified tax return that has been processed by the IRS.
Who is eligible for the second Economic Impact Payment?
Generally, U.S. citizens and resident aliens who are not eligible to be claimed as a dependent on someone else’s income tax return are eligible for this second payment. Eligible individuals will automatically receive an Economic Impact Payment of up to $600 for individuals or $1,200 for married couples and up to $600 for each qualifying child. Generally, if you have adjusted gross income for 2019 up to $75,000 for individuals and up to $150,000 for married couples filing joint returns and surviving spouses, you will receive the full amount of the second payment. For filers with income above those amounts, the payment amount is reduced.
How do I find out if the IRS is sending me a payment?
People can check the status of both their first and second payments by using the Get My Payment tool, available in English and Spanish only on IRS.gov. The tool is being updated with new information, and the IRS anticipates the tool will be available again in a few days for taxpayers.
How will the IRS know where to send my payment? What if I changed bank accounts?
The IRS will use the data already in our systems to send the new payments. Taxpayers with direct deposit information on file will receive the payment that way. For those without current direct deposit information on file, they will receive the payment as a check or debit card in the mail. For those eligible but who don’t receive the payment for any reason, it can be claimed by filing a 2020 tax return in 2021. Remember, the Economic Impact Payments are an advance payment of what will be called the Recovery Rebate Credit on the 2020 Form 1040 or Form 1040-SR.
Will people receive a paper check or a debit card?
For those who don’t receive a direct deposit by early January, they should watch their mail for either a paper check or a debit card. To speed delivery of the payments to reach as many people as soon as possible, the Bureau of the Fiscal Service, part of the Treasury Department, will be sending a limited number of payments out by debit card. Please note that the form of payment for the second mailed EIP may be different than for the first mailed EIP. Some people who received a paper check last time might receive a debit card this time, and some people who received a debit card last time may receive a paper check.
IRS and Treasury urge eligible people who don’t receive a direct deposit to watch their mail carefully during this period for a check or an Economic Impact Payment card, which is sponsored by the Treasury Department’s Bureau of the Fiscal Service and is issued by Treasury’s financial agent, MetaBank®, N.A. The Economic Impact Payment Card will be sent in a white envelope that prominently displays the U.S. Department of the Treasury seal. It has the Visa name on the front of the Card and the issuing bank, MetaBank®, N.A. on the back of the card. Information included with the card will explain that this is your Economic Impact Payment. More information about these cards is available at EIPcard.com.
Are more people eligible now for a payment than before?
Under the earlier CARES Act, joint returns of couples where only one member of the couple had a Social Security number were generally ineligible for a payment – unless they were a member of the military. But this month’s new law changes and expands that provision, and more people are now eligible. In this situation, these families will now be eligible to receive payments for the taxpayers and qualifying children of the family who have work-eligible SSNs. People in this group who don’t receive an Economic Impact Payment can claim this when they file their 2020 taxes under the Recovery Rebate Credit.
Is any action needed by Social Security beneficiaries, railroad retirees and those receiving veterans’ benefits who are not typically required to file a tax return?
Most Social Security retirement and disability beneficiaries, railroad retirees and those receiving veterans’ benefits do not need take any action to receive a payment. Earlier this year, the IRS worked directly with the relevant federal agencies to obtain the information needed to send out the new payments the same way benefits for this group are normally paid. For eligible people in this group who didn’t receive a payment for any reason, they can file a 2020 tax return.
I didn’t file a tax return and didn’t register with the IRS.gov non-filers tool. Am I eligible for a payment?
Yes, if you meet the eligibility requirement. While you won’t receive an automatic payment now, you can still claim the equivalent Recovery Rebate Credit when you file your 2020 federal income tax return.
Will I receive anything for my tax records showing I received a second Economic Impact Payment?
Yes. People will receive an IRS notice, or letter, after they receive a payment telling them the amount of their payment. They should keep this for their tax records.
Stimulus Checks – Round 2 Article
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ILGenWeb
Biography - ANTHONY DOHERTY
Self-made is a word that comes quickly to mind when a man has overcome difficulties that have beset his path and used them as stepping-stones by which he has climbed to a large measure of success in life. It is an honorable word and. stands for industry, perseverance, courage and self-denial, and may justly and appropriately be used in commenting on the life and career of Anthony Doherty, one of the prominent business men of Clay City, Illinois. That success should come to such a man is in justice due, for the untrained lad who overcomes obstacles by sheer persistency and indefatigable labor certainly deserves such reward. Mr. Doherty was born in the state of Louisiana, August 11, 1858, and is a son of Robert H. and Sarah A. (Smith) Doherty, and grandson of Anthony and Charlotte (Swayzee) Doherty.
Mr. Doherty's grandfather was a wealthy Louisiana planter and slave-owner, and died just before the Civil war, while his grandfather on the maternal side was a native of Massachusetts who moved to Louisiana and there spent the rest of his life. The latter had a family of five children, to all of whom he left a good estate. Robert H. Doherty was born in Louisiana, November 3, 1831, and received excellent educational advantages, being a graduate of Bethany (Virginia) College. He was engaged in sugar planting in his native state. He died September 27, 1860. His widow was left with the estate that had been given her by her father, but this was lost, like thousands of other fortunes, when the Confederacy went to its doom, and Mrs. Doherty was persuaded to move to a little farm belonging to a maiden aunt in Illinois. Accordingly, she came to this state in 1871, settled on the little property and proceeded to rear and educate her children as best she might, and Anthony secured a good education in the schools of Clay City. After completing his mental training he started life on his little forty-acre farm, but he had no inclination for the vocation of an agriculturist and after giving the life a trial entered a drug store, working for a year without pay, except his board, in order to learn the business. During the next two years he worked as a clerk in drug stores at a salary of thirty dollars per month, but found he was not advancing fast enough, and so secured employment as a school teacher. During the next six years he was employed as an educator in various parts of the county and for one year was principal of schools in Clay City, and in 1882 found he had saved enough, by constant economy, to purchase a one-half interest in a drug store. Subsequently he and his partner divided the stock and Mr. Doherty took his brother as partner, under the firm name of Doherty Brothers, a concern that has conducted a pharmacy in Clay City for more than twenty-eight years. In 1881 Mr. Doherty first went on the road as a commercial traveler for a drug house, and he has traveled nearly all the time since. At one time he decided to leave the road, but after a short trial found that his health demanded traveling, and accordingly took up the work and again became a "Knight of the Grip." Since 1899 Mr. Doherty has been in the service of the J. S. Merrill Drug Company, and he is known to members of the trade all over the country. Mr. Doherty has invested much of his capital in valuable lands in Illinois, and nows owns an excellent, well-paying farm of one hundred and forty-eight acres, located near Clay City. He is a capable business man, and to each of his several enterprises brings a complete and intricate knowledge of detail, showing the result of careful and conscientious study. He is a prominent Mason, belonging to Clay City Lodge, No. 488, A. F. & A. M.; Flora Chapter, No. 154, R, A. M.; Gorin Commandery, No. 14 K. T. of Olney, and has served as master of his lodge and as district deputy grand master for a number of years He gives his political allegiance to the Democratic party, but has been too busy to think of seeking public preferment. With his family he attends the Christian church.
Mr. Doherty was first married to Miss Maggie Smith, who died July 5. 1880, daughter of John Smith. On December 28, 1881, his second marriage occurred, when he was united with Miss Clara Souther, daughter of Simon Souther, a native of Wurtemberg, Germany. Mr. Souther who was a carpenter by trade and came to the United States when a lad of eight years, lived for a number of years at Salem, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Doherty have had seven children, namely: Ethel, who married Dr. C. E. Duff, a well-known dental practitioner of Lawrenceville, Illinois; Robert, an electrical engineer at Schenectady, New York, in the employ of the General Electric Company, and a graduate of the class of 1909, University of Illinois; Maude, who lives at home with her parents; Stephen Swayzee, who in April, 1912, graduated from the Chicago Veterinary College; Thomas Anthony, traveling in Illinois for a wholesale drug establishment; Chester C., a student at the Lawrenceville high school; and -Kathleen, who lives at home and is attending school.
Extracted 09 Nov 2018 by Norma Hass from History of Southern Illinois, by George W. Smith, published in 1912, volume 3, pages 1460-1461.
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Purifying Common Antibiotic Could Reduce Hearing Loss Risk
Scientists have discovered a simple method of reformulating gentamicin, a commonly used and highly effective antibiotic, that could reduce the risk it poses of causing deafness.
A Stanford Medicine-led study has found that a subtype of popular antibiotic could pose a smaller risk of hearing loss yet still be powerful at fighting off bacterial infections.
Gentamicin is used in U.S. hospitals to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including infections in newborns and in other susceptible patients, such as those with cystic fibrosis. It’s a popular drug in developing countries because it is highly effective and inexpensive. Yet researchers estimate that up to 20% of patients who are treated with it experience some degree of irreversible hearing loss.
Now, researchers have found a relatively inexpensive way to reformulate the drug, which belongs to a class of antibiotics called aminoglycosides, that could make it safer. Their findings were published Dec. 7 in the Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences.
“When a drug causes hearing loss, it is devastating, and it’s especially disturbing when it happens to a young child, as they rely on hearing to acquire speech,” said Alan Cheng, MD, a professor of otolaryngology at the Stanford School of Medicine. He shares senior authorship of the study with Anthony Ricci, PhD, also a professor of otolaryngology at Stanford and the Edward C. and Amy H. Sewall Professor II in the School of Medicine. Cheng is the Edward C. and Amy H. Sewall Professor IV in the School of Medicine. Postdoctoral scholar Mary O’Sullivan, PhD, is the lead author.
“We’ve developed a simple method of reformulating the drug that should be put to use as soon as possible,” Ricci said. The researchers will be writing to the Food and Drug Administration to recommend changes to the organization’s requirements for how drug companies make gentamicin.
“Currently, the FDA’s instructions for how to make aminoglycosides are making people go deaf,” Ricci said.
A dangerous recipe
Aminoglycosides have been in use since the 1950s. The drugs don’t need to be refrigerated, which keeps the costs of storing them low. Despite new antibiotics, their use remains commonplace as they are cheap and potent.
“These drugs are used because they save a lot of lives,” Ricci said. “We’ve stopped paying attention to their toxic side effects because living with hearing loss is better than dying.”
The gentamicin used in hospitals today is a mixture of five different subtypes of the antibiotic grown together in the same mixture. The mixture also includes as much as 10% impurities. Using methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, the researchers tried to figure out how to chemically separate each of the subtypes. Once the researchers established methods of separating the different parts of the mixture, they tested these various subtypes of gentamicin individually on inner-ear tissues taken from rats. They identified the least toxic subtype as C2b, and the most toxic as sisomicin. Both C2b and sisomicin showed the same highly effective antimicrobial properties as the mixture as a whole. The researchers also found that by removing impurities from the mixture, toxicity to the ear tissue was reduced.
“What this study shows is that the formulation that is currently in a hospital bottle of gentamicin is not optimized,” Ricci said. The ingredients are required by both federal and international law; one of those is sisomicin, the subtype found to be most toxic to the ear tissue.
“If we just use the subtype that’s less toxic or change the formulation of this bottle, we can make the drug much less ototoxic,” Ricci said, referring to harm to the inner ear. Given that the subtypes are all approved by the Food and Drug Administration, new formulations don’t necessarily need to be retested in humans and could get to patients fast.
The researchers are also working on plans to create a new aminoglycoside that could further reduce the risk of hearing loss, Ricci said. They’ve discovered that the inner-ear toxicity of the various subtypes highly correlates with the way they bind to the ion channels that open to the inner ear.
“This discovery lays the groundwork for the discovery of safer antibiotic alternatives and future drug development,” he said.
Other Stanford co-authors are medical residents Yohan Song, MD, and Adela Perez, MD; chemist and adjunct lecturer Robert Greenhouse, PhD; research assistant Randy Lin; and research scientist Patrick Atkinson, PhD.
Other institutions that contributed to the study were NANOSYN Inc. in Santa Clara, California, Thermo Fisher Scientific in San Jose and the University of Bern in Switzerland.
This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (RO1DC014720).
Article originally appeared on Stanford Medicine.
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In-Home Teeth-Straightening Business Is Booming ― But Better Brace Yourself
Though Anna Rosemond, now 33, had braces when she was young, a couple of years ago she noticed her teeth were again starting to crowd. So when she saw a Groupon deal for SmileDirectClub, she jumped on it.
“I thought, ‘This looks like a really cool way to do braces,’” said Rosemond, who made her own teeth impressions with putty and used a “smile stretcher” ― a device that pulls apart the lips and cheeks ― to take pictures of her mouth. A few weeks after she submitted the items, plastic aligners arrived in the mail, beginning what the company describes as Rosemond’s “smile journey.”
On that trip, there would be no time-consuming visits to a dental office, as her treatment would be overseen online through a SmileDirectClub-affiliated dentist or orthodontist — at a current cost of only $85 a month and a $250 down payment, according to the firm’s website.
Initially, she said, the aligners sent in 2017 seemed to be working. But over time, Rosemond said, she grew concerned: “My teeth were literally moving at an angle.”
Rosemond is part of a wave of patients who have embraced this do-it-yourself approach to orthodontia, hoping to attain a perfect smile without the high out-of-pocket cost and potential inconvenience of traditional braces or tooth aligners.
To be sure, technology enables consumers to do more at home, and dental care ― with its limited insurance coverage ― offers a large potential market. Home teeth-whitening kits have largely displaced in-office treatments, for example.
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Now, teeth straightening is the newest dental frontier, with startups like SmileDirectClub, Candid, Smilelove and SnapCorrect advertising their services aggressively on billboards and social media.
When results are good, the DIY approach can yield thousands of dollars in savings. But when the treatment plan doesn’t produce results or goes wrong, consumer-patients like Rosemond voice their frustrations in Facebook groups and complain to the Better Business Bureau or the Federal Trade Commission that they have nowhere to turn for help.
The companies do not make information public about success rates or problems — although SmileDirectClub says it has achieved a rating of 4.9 stars out of 5 on nearly 58,000 Google reviews — and there are few scientific studies of outcomes for direct-to-consumer orthodontics.
To get a simple refund after an initial 30-day period, patients are often asked to sign what SmileDirectClub calls a “release,” stating the consumer won’t complain publicly — which it says is fairly standard in business. A shareholder lawsuit against the firm says those releases suppress consumer complaints, leaving investors in the dark.
Consumer complaints to advocacy groups and regulators, including the FTC, the Food and Drug Administration and state attorneys general, as well as lawsuits, are accumulating.
Yet, SmileDirectClub, the company with the largest market share of direct-to-consumer orthodontics, says it’s achieving its aim of disrupting the entrenched orthodontia industry.
“We have provided consumers for the first time with an affordable option that is also far more convenient for those who cannot afford to miss school or work or are disabled and cannot get to multiple office visits,” said Susan Greenspon Rammelt, general counsel for SmileDirectClub.
Tiffanie Leatham, who worked as a dental assistant for SmileDirectClub for a year, felt the company pressured her to sign up patients whose teeth she thought were not suitable for aligners. “It was mostly sales with a small hint of dentistry,” she said.
Recent SEC filings show SmileDirectClub spent more than half its revenue on marketing.
They Saw The Opportunity
The direct-to-consumer teeth-alignment industry was enabled by the arrival two decades ago of Invisalign, clear plastic aligners that offered an alternative to the hated “metal mouth” look of braces so familiar to a generation of children. Invisalign, however, is dispensed by dentists or orthodontists during in-office visits, so it’s more costly for consumers.
While Invisalign sales remain high — its manufacturer, Align Technology, reported a record $2 billion in worldwide total revenue in 2018 — patents on the product began expiring in 2017.
SmileDirectClub saw the opportunity early and launched in 2014, with backing from Camelot Venture Group, a private investment group that also backed Quicken Loans and 1-800 Contacts. Initially, the startup’s aligners were made by Align Technology; now, SmileDirectClub does its own manufacturing.
Nashville-based SmileDirectClub, which says it has served more than 750,000 customers worldwide and represents 95% of the at-home clear-aligner industry, went public on Wall Street in September 2019. Its customers almost tripled ― from 90,000 to 258,000 ― from 2017 to 2018, according to SEC filings. But the company has yet to post a profit, also according to its SEC filings.
SmileDirectClub said customers initially used impression kits at home. Now, the company said, most customers visit one of more than 360 “SmileShop” locations, some inside CVS or Walgreens pharmacies, where technicians take a 3D scan of their mouths. The total cost starts at $1,895, although financing or additional items, such as retainers, can add to the price, according to the firm’s website.
With SmileDirectClub, most customers start by buying a kit to make their own mouth impressions. Others go to one of more than 360 “SmileShop” locations, some inside CVS or Walgreens pharmacies, where technicians take a 3D scan of their mouths.(Hannah Norman/Kaiser Health News)
Those impressions, photos and scans are sent to the firm’s facility in Costa Rica, where technicians develop treatment plans and one of 85 dentists employed there reviews it. For U.S. customers, treatment plans are also reviewed by a dentist or orthodontist licensed in the state where the customer lives, says SmileDirectClub.
Customers then receive an image of what their teeth might look like after treatment and can decide whether to proceed. If they do, the facility sends off the plastic aligners, which are worn sequentially over a few months for 22 hours a day.
If there is a question or problem with the aligners, billing or other issues during the months-long treatment process, customer service agents are the first stop. They can route concerns to the affiliated dentists, said company executives. Sometimes, according to a written statement, “the treating doctor will ask to see the patient in person, or work with the patient’s regular dentist.”
In the same statement, SmileDirectClub said it could not comment directly on specific patients’ experiences.
Direct-to-consumer aligners are clearly filling a niche, but one that makes some health care experts uncomfortable. “It’s a symptom of a broken health care system: getting dubious-quality online services without much accountability because mainstream services are unaffordable,” said Arthur Caplan, founding head of the division of medical ethics at NYU Grossman School of Medicine in New York.
As the industry has grown, so too have complaints from customers, pushback from dentistry’s professional trade groups and scrutiny from regulators. More than 1,600 complaints have been lodged nationally against SmileDirectClub with the Better Business Bureau (BBB) in the past three years. The FDA has received at least 72 complaints regarding SmileDirectClub’s products since 2017, according to a Kaiser Health News analysis of the agency’s device database.
KHN contacted all 51 state attorneys general offices. But, of the 34 offices that responded to the request, 19 reported a total of 75 complaints concerning SmileDirectClub. The FTC also has received 175 complaints against the firm, though the majority (148) are duplicates of the complaints received by the BBB and the state attorneys general. SmileDirectClub’s Instagram and Facebook posts also have generated many comments from dissatisfied consumers.
The other firms, all with far less market share, also figure in complaints filed with the BBB, including 54 against Candid, 10 against Smilelove and three against SnapCorrect.
Despite that, the BBB says it gives all the companies high grades because their business volume is high compared with the number of complaints filed and they demonstrate responsiveness to complaints. SmileDirectClub maintains an “A-minus” rating from the bureau. The other firms range from A to B-minus.
Many of the BBB, FTC and social media complaints focus on customer service issues, such as delays in receiving products or difficulty in obtaining answers to questions about treatment or getting refunds. Only a sliver of complaints ― 48 ― submitted to the BBB’s website centered on clinical problems, Dr. Jeffrey Sulitzer, SmileDirectClub’s chief clinical officer, said in a November interview.
One was submitted by Michael Anthony Johnson of Dallas, who alleges the company’s aligners harmed his teeth.
Johnson, a 57-year-old CEO of online Centertainment Radio & TV, said he saw the advertisements and stopped in at a SmileDirectClub retail location to see if he would qualify. A technician took a 3D scan of his teeth.
“She said, ‘I think you’ll be fine,’” he recalled. “Two days later, I was approved.”
For the first few months, all seemed well; but at month seven, several of his teeth broke, he said.
SmileDirectClub responded that the initial scans taken in their shop showed problems before he started treatment, including two broken teeth, fractures on one and a dark spot on another.
“Before you started remote clear aligners these areas of concern should have been addressed with your local dental provider,” Charlene, with the company’s dental team, wrote in response, according to the BBB website.
She also noted that Johnson had signed a consent form for his aligners, a document that includes one long paragraph declaring he had recently been to a dentist and taken care of any problems. Johnson said he did not read the multipage document before signing.
“The response back to me was, it’s your fault,” said Johnson. “No one said you need to go see the dentist. Yes, it’s my fault for not reading the fine print, but the person taking my imprints, she never mentioned it.” Johnson is now saving up money so he can get three teeth replaced with implants. For some, he said, the aligners may be a great product, but “I know, for me, it was not.”
The company has argued it isn’t liable for clinical problems raised by consumers, as it is not practicing dentistry but is merely a “dental support organization” ― essentially, the go-between. Rather, SmileDirectClub said its treating dentists and orthodontists are the responsible parties if something goes wrong.
Those treating dentists and orthodontists ― who earn an average of $50 per customer ― can review patients’ files, ask the customer to submit more information or seek X-rays and even request that the patient get a deep cleaning before treatment, said Greenspon Rammelt, SmileDirectClub’s general counsel.
However, SmileDirectClub dentists currently do not see the patient in person, and some experts say that is a problem. “A proper diagnosis cannot be done by a picture of teeth,” said Chad Gehani, a practicing dentist and the American Dental Association’s president. An examination, he added, is needed to detect things like cavities, shortened roots and gum disease, which could lead to problems, according to the ADA and the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO). Both groups discourage the use of online aligners.
SmileDirectClub announced on Jan. 14 that it would soon offer aligners through dentists and orthodontists.
Lawsuits And Turf Battles
Several lawsuits challenging SmileDirectClub — brought on behalf of consumers, dentists and shareholders — are ongoing.
One class-action case brought by dentists, orthodontists and consumers in Tennessee alleges the company engages in false advertising and unfair trade practices, although all of its consumer plaintiffs have withdrawn as of this month. SmileDirectClub had won a ruling that its customers all sign agreements to arbitrate disputes, rather than litigate. Shareholder lawsuits allege SmileDirectClub failed to disclose some concerns, including the level of consumer complaints, before the firm’s initial public offering.
In separate action, after dental boards in Georgia and Alabama set rules requiring dentists oversee any scans done in retail settings, SmileDirectClub went to court. In its filings, SmileDirectClub alleges the boards, made up mainly of dentists and orthodontists, were trying to stifle competition.
SmileDirectClub has also sued the Dental Board of California, arguing it directed an investigator to “conduct a series of coordinated raids” on its retail stores that amounted to harassment.
The California case is pending in federal court. The Georgia and Alabama cases are also ongoing, pending before the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
The cases have drawn much interest: The AAO has filed amicus briefs in support of the Georgia and Alabama dental boards, backing their jurisdiction and authority to set rules. The Federal Trade Commission weighed in on behalf of SmileDirectClub on a part of the case that involves whether Alabama state lawmakers exercise enough supervision over the state’s dental board.
As for Anna Rosemond, after sending multiple photos of her teeth to SmileDirectClub via Facebook Messenger, she said she was told to complete her treatment, despite her concerns about her teeth moving at an angle. Eventually, the company agreed to send her new aligners, but she said they didn’t fit.
Fed up, Rosemond said, she stopped her credit card payments to SmileDirectClub. She ignored calls and emails about being sent to collections.
She said she consulted an orthodontist who told her, based on his review of previous X-rays and photos, she had a crossbite because of the SmileDirectClub treatment and would need braces with rubber bands to correct the issue.
She recently finished nine months of traditional orthodontics treatment from that orthodontist and loves her smile now that the braces are off.
“I’m so much more confident,” said Rosemond. “And my bite feels great.”
Syndicated from https://khn.org/news/in-home-teeth-straightening-business-is-booming-%e2%80%95-but-better-brace-yourself/
| Tags: California, Cost and Quality, Courts, Dental Health, FDA, Health Care Costs, Statesitconsultant
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The Welcome Insignificance of Who Shot First
The Welcome Insignificance of Who…
By Sarah Coury
“I don’t know and I don’t care.”
When it comes to one of the most hotly debated topics in the Star Wars universe, Harrison Ford doesn’t fall to either side. It’s a unique position in an otherwise divided fanbase, everyone still trying to settle the long unanswered question: who shot first?
For those who do not know the details (or who, in Ford-like fashion, do not care enough to keep up with them), the question of who shot first refers to Han Solo’s introductory scene in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. After a wisecracking, exposition filled discussion with Luke and Obi-Wan, Han encounters a bounty hunter named Greedo, hired by Jabba the Hutt to collect a sizable debt. The exact movements and nuances of this exchange have been deconstructed ad nauseam in various spaces across the internet, but truthfully, none of them matter.
What matters is this: the scene happens twice, in two different ways, and creates two different versions of Han Solo.
In the initial 1977 release of the film, Han holds full control over the altercation from beginning to end. He keeps his cool, smooth-talking his way through the situation as viewers watch him ready his blaster for the draw. Feet propped up on the table, entertaining his antagonist’s overconfidence, Han finally pulls his weapon and shoots Greedo with no prompting. “Sorry for the mess,” he tells the bartender as he exits the cantina in true cowboy style. In that single scene, Han Solo immediately becomes the galaxy’s roughest, toughest, and most merciless scoundrel.
In 1997, the films were rereleased after undergoing a series of directorial edits. The most controversial of these was the decision to make a minor change in the aforementioned confrontation. Newly cut in widescreen and with a handful of new frames, the updated version of the scene shows Greedo taking the first shot at Han before Han can do the same. Instead of a ruthless kill shot from a roguish smuggler, the scene now depicts Han acting in self-defense.
And with this new scene sounded the blaster bolt heard around the world.
The debate surrounding these few frames was so heated that it spread far beyond the usual limits of Star Wars fanaticism. Longtime viewers, casual viewers, even people who had never seen a single movie—everyone was asking who shot first, even if they didn’t know why. This was not simply a director’s cut with enhanced coloring or updated sound. This was a change in the actual content of the story and it was one that, according to many, fundamentally changed the personality of a character that had been loved, worshiped, and reimagined for so long.
If it had been any other character in any other moment of the film, then maybe the reaction wouldn’t have been so strong. But Han Solo isn’t just likable—he’s adored. An undeniable factor in the character’s overall charm is that audiences get to be apart of his growth throughout the original trilogy. Slowly, steadily, Han transforms from the unreliable, self-concerned pilot of the Millennium Falcon into a beloved and crucial member of the Rebel Alliance, driven by his (albeit, occasionally reluctant) care for those closest to him. His introductory scene is one of the few glimpses audiences get into his life before Luke and Leia. To change that established characterization is to change the starting point from which Han develops as a character. In the eyes of some, the character’s entire dynamic was shifted and that was something to be taken personally.
Since the release of the new edit and the subsequent adjustments made to it, scripts have been referenced, actors have been questioned, and Lucas himself has been interviewed. But even still, the question remains a hot topic among fans, which reveals an important reality: the question has never really been about which character fired their blaster first. Nope. The real question is much bigger than that.
What is officially Star Wars?
Suddenly audiences were forced to make a choice. Were they going to subscribe to the version of Han Solo that had already existed for twenty years? Or would they adopt an updated version? Both were once approved by George Lucas and both existed within the world of A New Hope. Surely if anything could be considered real Star Wars, it was the original trilogy, right? Except fans were robbed of that clarity when Lucas made his changes. Few are the debaters truly concerned with the sequence of the draw—more common are the fans trying to piece together which version of their favorite story they should believe.
When it comes to major media franchises, the question of canon is a common one. What makes up a universe? Who gets to decide? Are creators wholly responsible for a story, or do consumers play an equal role? These questions rarely have straightforward answers, especially in the case of Star Wars. There is such a massive library of media to its name, a good amount of which was created or otherwise licensed by Lucasfilm at one point in time. It’s easy to get lost along the way.
Interestingly, Star Wars is in the unique position of having founded the Star Wars Story Group, a committee operating within Lucasfilms with the distinct purpose of establishing canon. What would usually be left to fight over in the pits of fandom has instead been sorted out by brand representatives. After the Disney acquisition in 2014, the Story Group officially stated that only the primary episodic films, the 2008 animated Clone Wars movie, and the followup Clone Wars series would be considered canonical. All licensed works moving forward would also be considered official canon. However, in an attempt to prevent the subjection of the new Star Wars stories to the sprawling storylines of the Expanded Universe, anything created prior to 2014 was rebranded under the Star Wars Legends definition and suddenly became something of a separate, non-canonical timeline.
Simple, right? After 2014: real Star Wars. Before 2014: usually not real Star Wars. Consider all of your questions answered.
But of course, if it really were that simple, then no one would still be asking who shot first. One statement from the Story Group isn’t going to undo decades of character analysis. Not even George Lucas can unwrite the comics or take back the collective hours spent reading them. Maybe canon can change in the official archives, but it takes a lot more effort to change canon in people’s hearts. With so many diverging ideas spanning across so many years, of course audiences are going to interpret the story differently from one another. The inevitability is overwhelming.
Maybe this is where we learn that Harrison Ford was onto something.
Star Wars fans will be debating who shot first until their end. In reality, there is no answer. Both shot first. Or neither did. Everyone is right, and everyone is wrong. When it comes to Star Wars, there are no straight answers. Just a web of complex, narrative entanglements. But that’s exactly what keeps the story alive. The debate, the analysis, the questions, the theories—all of it gives fans a universal cultural language through which we can communicate. The best stories are the ones we can talk about, yell about, laugh about and Star Wars has that element down to a tee.
Who shot first? I don’t know. But I do care, and so do a lot of other people. And we’ll keep having this meaningless, answerless conversation until there’s no one else to have it with.
Category: CommentaryBy Sarah Coury November 16, 2019
Author: Sarah Coury
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How come chess prodigies seem to start at a young age?
I started looking into the history of a few grandmasters such as Fischer and Carlsen, so I wondered: why does it seem that chess "kings" and queens" start playing the game from a young age? Can anyone show me any grandmasters who started playing chess after becoming 18? Does this situation apply to other things such as physical sports or even more mental-focused skills such as doing math?
history carlsen fischer grandmaster talent
edited Jul 26 '16 at 18:35
FlairFlair
I think chess has less of a tendency to stand out in somebody's mind when you introduce it to them at an older age. I think it's harder to get somebody to make a permanent commitment to playing chess when you get them started at an older age. I actually moved when I was 4 years old. Apparently for me, stuff from my young childhood does not stand out as much as it does for other people. Maybe that's because of my brain's natural tendency to like doing its own thinking independently of the past and want to ignore my past and do what ever I feel like doing now and when my brain is still like a – Timothy Mar 19 '20 at 17:17
child, it makes me happily and willingly abandon my childhood and form my own interests now independently. I suppose that in actuality, my present self took the good example from my childhood of continuing to be like one and actually do my own thinking. I guess technically according to cause and effect, I'm like that now because I was like that before but I feel like I'm actually thinking and my thinking is coming independently of my past. To copy the good example from my childhood of knowing how to do my own thinking means I actually neglect my childhood now. When I was about 6, I had been – Timothy Mar 19 '20 at 17:22
watching Thomas & Friends stories I had seen before for quite a while and then one day, I saw one I hadn't seen before with police officers and liked that. Later at the age of 21, I discovered all by myself that the axiom of choice wasn't provable. The axiom of choice states that for any set of nonempty sets, there exists a function that assigns to each of those sets one of its members. I was so fascinated by that and kind of liked the change of breaking my old habits and starting new and different thinking. I feel like in turn, study of the negation of the axiom of choice is a really good way – Timothy Mar 19 '20 at 17:28
of promting thinking. I'm planning to make a ripoff of the Coraline movie giving an intuition for the negation of the axiom of choice. I'm planning to come up with a long detailed explanation giving intuition for the negation of the axiom of choice for the Coraline ripoff movie. It's kind of nice knowing I will never ever find a proof of the axiom of choice because then I will not lose my train of thought of thinking and and gaining an intuition for why the axiom of choice is not necessarily true. – Timothy Mar 19 '20 at 17:32
In pretty much any endeavor that requires one to develop or acquire complex sets of skills, be it chiefly intellectual or chiefly physical, starting young will generally be a huge boon simply because of the fact that younger brains are more plastic than older brains; they can more readily adapt to new sorts of tasks and information. Because of that fact, chess will be no different from sports or math or whatever, and those who rise to the very top will tend to have started quite young, as that makes much easier the ultimate task of acquiring the specialized knowledge and skills that are necessary in order to play chess with the very best. Even so, some remarkably strong players have indeed gotten relatively late starts.
Mikhail Chigorin first learned the rules of chess at the fairly late age of 16, and didn't really throw himself into chess until he was already 23-24. A quote from Wikipedia:
He became serious about chess uncommonly late in life; his schoolteacher taught him the moves at the age of 16, but he did not take to the game until around 1874, having first finished his studies before commencing a career as a government officer.
All in all, I think Chigorin thus reasonably meets your criterion of having started after age 18. Technically, he was not a "grandmaster" in the sense of having that official FIDE title, but of course that's only because it didn't exist in Chigorin's day. He played two matches for Steinitz's world championship, and chessmetrics places Chigorin in the world's top 4 players throughout the 1890s (peaking at #2 behind Steinitz and Lasker at different times).
In addition, Howard Staunton apparently started playing chess only at age 26. Like Chigorin, he of course was not technically a GM in the modern sense of the word, but he is generally recognized as having been the strongest player in the world the 1840s, and is sometimes referred to as an "unofficial world champion" the way that Paul Morphy often is.
I am not sure if this gives me hope or not, the question will then be if someone that already spent 10 years and show very little progress can magically become GM? I doubt it, but I really dont care if I never get to be a good player as long as I enjoy playing it – ajax333221 Nov 25 '12 at 17:54
I would agree that enjoyment is more important than either talent, skill, or reputation. – Flair Nov 26 '12 at 8:41
Great answer. Starting at a young age (especially when one can absorb more information) will result in a greater chance of one excelling at whatever they started at a young age, however, there are exceptions to the rule, so there is still hope for us, if we are past 6 :) – xaisoft Nov 29 '12 at 16:35
Wilhelm Steinitz learned "how" to play chess at the age of 12, but it was only after attending the Vienna Polytechnic that he actually began to play serious chess (sometime during his twenties).
Siegbert Tarrasch learned how to play chess when he was 15, but he was 20 when he first tried himself at a "Hauptturneier" (Chess Tournament) in 1882 at Berlin, he was eliminated from the tournament.
There should be more examples, but these two never really took chess serious before reaching their 20's, Siegbert Tarrasch was actually attending University of Halle-Wittenberg and at the beginning of his profession as a medical doctor he actually put chess in second place after his medical practice.
Daniel♦
HelioHelio
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HEBREW TEXT: The Hebrew Texts
The Sopherim
The Sopherim (scribes) were copyist from the days of Ezra down to the time of Jesus. While they were very serious about their task as a copyist, they did take liberties in making textual changes at times. Whether this was what Jesus had in mind cannot be know for certain, but Jesus condemned these scribes, for assuming powers that did not belong to them.–Matthew 23:2, 13.
“A note in the Massorah against several passages in the manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible states: ‘This is one of the Eighteen Emendations of the Sopherim,’ or words of that effect.” The intentions of these scribes were good, as they felt the passages were showing irreverence for God or one of his representatives here on earth. “These emendations were made at a period long before Christ before the Hebrew text had obtained its present settled form, and these emendations affect the Figure called Anthropopatheia.”
“The following is a list of the eighteen ‘Emendations,’ together with eight others not included in the official lists. Particulars will be found on consulting the notes on the respective passages.
Genesis 18:22. Numbers 11:15. 12:12. 1 Samuel 3:13. 2 Samuel 12:14. 16:12. 1 Kings 12:16. 21:10. 21:13. 2 Chronicles 10:16. Job 1:5. 1:11. 2:5. 2:9. 7:20. Psalm 10:3. 106:20. Ecclesiastes 3:21. Jeremiah 2:11. Lamentations 3:20. Ezekiel 8:17. Hosea 4:7. Habakkuk 1:12. Zechariah 2:8 (12). Malachi 1:13. 3:9[1]
The Masora
The Masoretes are early Jewish scholars, the successors to the Sopherim, in the centuries following Christ, who produced what came to be known as the Masoretic text. The Masoretes was well aware of the alterations made by the earlier Sopherim. Rather than simply remove the alterations, they chose to note them in the margins or at the end of the text. These marginal notes came to be known as the Masora. The Masora listed the 15 extraordinary points of the Sopherim, namely, 15 words or phrases in the Hebrew text that had been marked by dots or strokes. A number of these extraordinary points have no effect on the English translation or the interpretation. However, others do and are of importance. The Sopherim had a superstitious fear of pronouncing the divine name of God, Jehovah (Yahweh). Therefore, they altered it to read Adonai (Lord) at 134 places and to read Elohim (God) in some cases. The Masora lists these changes. The Sopherim or early scribes are also guilty of making 18 emendations, what they thought were helpful corrections, according to a note in the Masora. It appears that there were even more. It seems that these emendations were not done with bad intentions, as the Sopherim simply felt the text at these places were showing irreverence or disrespect for God or his human representatives.
Genesis 18:3 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)
3 and said, “Jehovah,[a] if I have found favor in your eyes do not pass by your servant.
[a] This is the first of 134 places where the Jewish Sopherim changed JHVH to Adonai. This replacement was made out of misplaced veneration of God’s name.
5 And Sarai said to Abram, “May the wrong done me be upon you. I gave my maid into your bosom, but when she saw that she had conceived, I was despised in her eyes. May Jehovah judge between you and me.” [a]
[a] “And you!” in the Masoretic text, is marked with extraordinary points by the Sopherim (scribes) to show that the reading “and you” is uncertain and should read, “and her.”
Genesis 18:22 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)
22 And the men turned from there, and went toward Sodom: but Abraham stood before Jehovah.[a]
[a] This is the first of the Eighteen Emendations of the Sopherim, the only one in Genesis. An ancient Hebrew scribal tradition reads “but Jehovah remained standing before Abraham.” Masoretic text, “but as for Abraham, he was still standing before Jehovah.” The Sopherim might see have perceived this as Jehovah standing before Abraham, as showing irreverence or disrespect for God because it would appear to put Jehovah in a subservient position. Our Creator, sovereign of the universe, does not need to deliver a message to humans here on earth. In the Old Testament, we find many occasions where He has sent an angelic messenger in his stead.
The Consonantal Text
The Hebrew alphabet consists of 23 consonants, with no vowels. Unlike English though, Hebrew was not written from left to right but right to left. In the beginning, the reader had to supply the vowel sounds from his knowledge of the language. This would be like our abbreviations within the English language, such as “ltd” for limited. The Hebrew originally consisted of words made up only of consonants. Hence, “consonantal text” means the Hebrew text without any vowel markings. The consonantal text of the Hebrew manuscripts come to be fixed in form between the first and second centuries C.E., even though manuscripts with variants within the text continued to be produced for some time. Changes were no longer made, unlike the previous period of the Sopherim. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia writes,
Text and Canon Prior to the discovery of the DSS [Dead Sea Scrolls], witnesses to the OT text and canon were principally the following: (1) the so-called Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible, which could more accurately be designated the received consonantal text and the text with vocalization and other pointing by the Masorites (MT)—they should not be confused, for the consonantal text is several centuries older than the MT; and (2) translations, such as the Septuagint (LXX) and Jerome’s Vulgate. Other witnesses of significance included the Old Latin, the Syriac, the Samaritan, and other versions. The oldest extant Hebrew text was no earlier than the 10th cent[ury] A.D., but the versions give evidence that goes back to the 5th cent[ury] A.D. (the time of Jerome’s work) and to the 2nd or 3rd cent[ury] B.C. (the time of the LXX). With the discovery of the DSS there is primary evidence, not merely that of translations, that goes back to 1stthe and 2nd (and possibly even the 3rd) cent[uries], B.C.
The text of the biblical MSS from Qumrân may be divided into two main categories. In one group are those portions that agree within reasonable limits with the consonantal text. (Since the DSS texts are not vocalized, they cannot be compared with the MT.) By “reasonable limits” is intended the inclusion of orthographic differences (such as hw’h for hw’, lw’ for l’, etc.) that do not present any significant difference in the text. The second category includes those readings that clearly are not in agreement with the consonantal text. This second group could be further subdivided into readings that agree with LXX but differ from the consonantal text, and those that differ from both. Published studies indicate that certain OT books, such as Genesis, Deuteronomy, and Isaiah, are textually much closer to the consonantal text that others, such as Exodus and Samuel. The evidence leads to the conclusion that there were in existence in the first cents B.C. and A.D. at least three Hebrew text-types: the received text that formed the basis of the consonantal, the text that was used for the Greek translation, and a text that differs from both of these.
This conclusion should cause no surprise, for it was already indicated by at least two lines of evidence. The witness of NT quotations of OT passages indicates that some quotations can be traced to the Hebrew Bible (received text), some to the Greek version, and some to neither of these (the third text). It has sometimes been the practice to consider this third group of NT quotations as “loose dealing” with the OT text, but it is open to question whether a writer seeking scriptural authority for his statement would be allowed to handle the biblical passages with such abandon. The second line of evidence comes from Jewish tradition, where the formation of the “received text,” often but questionably traced to the Council of Jamnia (sometime after A.D. 90), is described as taking the reading of two witnesses against one (Taanith iv. 2; Sopherim vi. 4; Siphre 356), in other words, working from three texts or text recensions that were in existence at the time.[2]
The Masoretic Text
Between the 6th and 10th centuries C.E., the Masoretes setup vowel point, and accent mark system. This would help the reader to pronounce the vowel sounds properly, meaning that there would be a standard, and no need to have the pronunciation handed down by oral tradition. Because the Masoretes saw the text as sacred, they made no changes to the text itself but chose to record notes within the margins of the text. Unlike the Sopherim before them, they did not take any textual liberties. Moreover, they drew attention to any textual issues, correcting them within the margins.
The devotement of the vocalizing and accent marking of the Masoretic text throughout this period was done by three different schools, that is, the Babylonian, Palestinian, and Tiberian. The Hebrew text that we now possess in the printed Hebrew Bibles is known as the Masoretic Text, which came from the Tiberian school. The Masoretes of Tiberias, a city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee, established this method.
Unlike the Tiberian school, which placed their vowel signs below the consonants, the Palestinian school positioned the vowel signs above the consonants. Only an insignificant number of such manuscripts came down to us from the Palestinian school, showing that this system of vocalization was flawed. The Babylonian method of vowel pointing was likewise placed above the consonants. A manuscript possessing the Babylonian pointing is the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets, of 916 C.E., preserved in the Leningrad Public Library, U.S.S.R. This codex contains the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, as well as the “minor” prophets, with marginal notes. Textual scholars have readily studied this manuscript and compared it with the Tiberian text. While it uses the system of vocalization that places the vowels above the text, it follows the Tiberian text as regards the consonantal text and its vowels and Masora. The British Museum has a copy of the Babylonian text of the Pentateuch, which is substantially in agreement with the Tiberian text.
The Dead Sea Scrolls
In the spring of 1947, a Bedouin shepherd threw a stone into a cave, marking an event that would be heard around the world, making the name “Dead Sea Scrolls” more known than any other associated with archaeology. As he released one of his rocks into the cave, the sound of a breaking earthenware jar came back at him. Upon further examination, he discovered the first of the Dead Sea Scrolls.
The discovery of the scrolls rise to fame has been partly fueled by the controversy among scholars and the media. Sadly, this has left a public scandal, where those, not in the know, are thrown back and forth by confusion and misinformation. Stories have spread about an enormous conspiracy, driven by anxiety that the scrolls disclose details that would damage the faith of Christians and Jews as well. Nevertheless, what is the real importance of these scrolls? More than 63 years have now gone by; is it possible that the facts can be known?
The Dead Sea Scrolls: What are They?
The Dead Sea Scrolls are manuscripts of the Old Testament. Many of them are in Hebrew, with some being in Aramaic and a small number in Greek. Many of these scrolls and fragments date to the third and second Century B.C.E., almost 300 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. There were seven lengthy manuscripts in various stages of deterioration that had been acquired from the Bedouin. Soon other caves were being searched, with new discoveries of scrolls and fragments in the thousands. A total of eleven caves near Qumran, by the Dead Sea, were discovered between 1947 and 1956.
Since, it has been determined that there are 800 manuscripts, once all the scrolls and fragment are considered. About 200 manuscripts, or about twenty-five percent, are copies of portions of the Old Testament. The other seventy-five percent, or 600 manuscripts, belong to ancient non-Biblical Jewish writings, divided between Apocrypha[3] and Pseudepigrapha.[4]
Various scrolls that produced the greatest interest for the scholars were formerly unknown texts. Among these were the interpretations on matters of the Jewish law, detailed instructions for the community of the Qumran sect, eschatological works that disclose interpretations about the outcome of Bible prophecy and the end times, as well as liturgical poems and prayers. Among them too were unique Bible commentaries, the oldest examples of verse-by-verse[5] commentary on Biblical passages.
The Dead Sea Scrolls: Who Wrote Them?
After carefully dating these fragile documents, it has been determined that they were copied or composed sometime between the third century B.C.E and the first century C.E. A handful of scholars have suggested that these scrolls were hidden in the caves by Jews that fled just before the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E. However, the vast majority of scholars find this to be mere speculation, because the content of the scrolls tells something quite different. For example, many scrolls reveal an outlook and customs that were in conflict with the religious leaders in Jerusalem. The Dead Sea Scrolls disclose a community that held the belief that God did not approve of the priests and temple service in Jerusalem. On the other hand, they believed that God saw their form of worship in the desert as a substitute temple service until the return of the Messiah. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that the authorities at Jerusalem’s temple would be in possession of such scrolls.
The Qumran community likely had a scriptorium (a room in a monastery for storing, copying, illustrating, or reading manuscripts); it is probable that people who became a part of the community brought scrolls in with them when they joined. Therefore, the Dead Sea Scrolls are a broad library collection. As applies to any extensive collection of books, the subject matter will be a wide range of thought, which will not reflect the thinking or religious worldview of any given reader within the community. Nevertheless, those texts, which encompass numerous copies, are more likely to take into account the general beliefs of the Qumran community as a whole.
The Qumran Residents: Were they Essenes?
Now that we have determined that, the Dead Sea Scrolls were the library of Qumran community, who were its people? Early on, in 1947 Professor Eleazar Sukenik obtained three scrolls from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; after that, suggesting that these scrolls had belonged to The Essene Community.
First-century writers Josephus, Philo of Alexandria, and Pliny, the elder, are our primary source of information for this Jewish sect, the Essenes. There is no real consensus on their origin, but most scholars agree that they seem to have arisen following the Jewish Maccabean revolt in the second century B.C.E. The first-century Jewish historian Josephus described their existence during that period as he sketched their religious views as opposed to the Pharisees and Sadducees. On the other hand, Pliny talks about the whereabouts of a community of Essenes by the Dead Sea between Jericho and En-gedi.
Professor James VanderKam, a Dead Sea Scroll scholar, suggests, “The Essenes who lived at Qumran were just a small part of the larger Essene movement,”[6] which Josephus numbered to about four thousand. While this certainly does not perfectly fit the picture, what comes from the Qumran texts appears to match the Essenes better than any other known Jewish group in that period.
While dismissed by most scholars, a few have suggested that Christianity grew up out of the Qumran community. However, the differences between these two communities are far too great, even to take seriously such suggestions. For example, the Qumran writing contains an ultra-strict Sabbath regulations and an almost fanatical obsession with ceremonial purity. (Matthew 15:1-20; Luke 6:1-11) This would hold true as well with the Essenes’ isolation from society, their position on the immortality of the soul, the stress they place on celibacy and spiritual concepts about sharing with angels in their worship. All of this puts them at odds with Jesus and the early Christian congregation.–Matthew 5:14-16; John 11:23, 24; Colossians 2:18; 1 Timothy 4:1-3.
No Conspiracy, No Secret Scrolls
Contrary to the cover-up theorists, after the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered, numerous publications were released over the years that made those first finds accessible to scholars around the world. Nevertheless, the thousands of fragments from Cave 4 were proving far more awkward. These were not getting beyond the hands of a small international group of scholars operating in East Jerusalem (then part of Jordan) at the Palestine Archaeological Museum. The Jewish and Israeli scholars were strangely missing from this team.
Fueling this cover-up theory, the team established a rule of not permitting access to the scrolls up until they published the official results of their research. The amount of scholars on the group was reserved to a fixed maximum. At the time of a group member’s death, only one scholar would be added in his place. The volume of work required a considerably larger team, and in some cases, more expertise was badly needed in ancient Hebrew and Aramaic. James VanderKam worded it this way: “Tens of thousands of fragments were more than eight experts, however skilled, could handle.”[7]
East Jerusalem and its scrolls came under Israeli jurisdiction after the Six-Day war in 1967. However, this did not result in a different policy change. This delay in publishing the scrolls of cave 4 went from years to decades; scholars around the world were in an uproar. Professor Geza Vermes of Oxford University, in 1977, called it the academic scandal par excellence of the 20th century. Stories were now spreading that the Catholic Church was deliberately concealing information that would shatter the long-held beliefs of Christianity.
The team of scholars was expanded to twenty in the 1980s. Then, in the 1990s, Emmanuel Tov, the newly appointed chief of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, was able to get the number of scholars to fifty. At this point, they set a strict schedule for publishing the remaining scrolls.
However, in 1991, the development everyone had been waiting for arrived suddenly. First, A Preliminary Edition of the Unpublished Dead Sea Scrolls was published. This was put together with the assistance of a computer program, which reconstructed Cave 4 texts from a decades-old concordance. After that, the Huntington Library in San Marino, California, announced that they would make available to any scholars their whole set of photographs of the scrolls. After a short time, with the publication of A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls, photographs of the formerly unpublished scrolls became available with no trouble.
Therefore, for the last two decades, all the Dead Sea Scrolls have been accessible for investigation. The examination discloses that there was no conspiracy; no secret scrolls that would have affected Christianity. Nevertheless, what significance does this investigation have for the average Bible student?
Why Should the Dead Sea Scrolls be of Interest Us?
Prior to the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the oldest manuscripts of the Old Testament were dated to about the ninth and tenth centuries C.E., known as the Masoretic texts (MT).[8] The Hebrew Old Testament was complete in the middle of the fifth century B.C.E., over 1,400 years earlier than these MT. Therefore, the question begs to be asked, ‘can we trust this MT as really being the Word of God?’ A member of the international team of editors of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Professor Julio Trebolle Barrera, states: “The Isaiah Scroll [from Qumran] provides irrefutable proof that the transmission of the biblical text through a period of more than one thousand years by the hands of Jewish copyists has been extremely faithful and careful.” (F. Garcia Martinez, Martinez and Barrera 1995, p. 99)
The Isaiah scrolls identified as “IQisaa” and “IQIsab” are complete copies of the book of Isaiah, but the latter is the earliest known copy of a complete Bible book. Both are from cave 1. Gleason Archer had this to say about the two Isaiah scrolls that “proved to be word for word identical with the standard Hebrew Bible in more than 95% of the text. The 5% of variation consisted chiefly of obvious slips of the pen and variations in spelling.” (Archer, A Survey of Old Testament Introduction 1994, p. 19) Up to now, over 200 Biblical manuscripts have come out of the Qumran caves; representing portions of every Old Testament book except Esther. The Isaiah scrolls of Cave 1 are an exception to the rule, as most of the others are mere fragments, containing less than 10% of any given book. The books that are the most often quoted in the New Testament are, in fact, the most popular among the Qumran community: Psalms (36 copies), Deuteronomy (29 copies), and Isaiah (21 copies).
Aside from establishing that the Hebrew Old Testament has not undergone some radical changes over the last 1,400 years, the Dead Sea Scrolls also reveal two other important pieces to some long-standing questions. They provide evidence that there were different versions of the Hebrew Bible texts used by the Jews in the Second Temple period (537 B.C.E to 70 C.E.), each one of them containing its own variations. Of the scrolls, not all are identical in spelling and wording to the MT. Some of them are more in line with the Greek Septuagint,[9] also known by the Roman numerals for seventy, LXX.[10] It had been thought by scholars prior to 1947 that the differences in the LXX were the result of errors on the part of the scribes, even possibly intentional alterations by the translators. When the Dead Sea Scrolls became known, it was revealed that these differences were due to the variations of the different Hebrew versions. Further, this could possibly explain why writers from the New Testament quote from the Hebrew Bible texts using wording different than the MT.–Exodus 1:5; Acts 7:14.
Hence, the storehouse of thousands of fragments and Biblical scrolls affords the textual scholar an excellent basis in their studying the transmission of the Hebrew Bible text. Additionally, the Dead Sea Scrolls have established the worth of both the Septuagint and the Samaritan Pentateuch for textual comparison. As all modern Bible are based on the Masoretic Text, they also provide added bases for these translation committees to consider emending (correcting) their translations and the MT.
It has long been held that there was not just one form of Judaism in the first century C.E. The portion of the Dead Sea Scrolls that describe the rules and beliefs of the Qumran community further validate that position. The Pharisees and Sadducees were far different from the Qumran sect.[11] Some extreme differences are likely, what led the sect to withdrawal into the wilderness. They saw themselves as the fulfillment of Isaiah 40:3,
Isaiah 40:3 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)
3 A voice of one calling out,
In the wilderness, “prepare the way of Jehovah;
make straight in the desert a highway for our God.
Numerous scroll fragments state that the Messiah’s coming was imminent. Bible student should find this interesting as Luke commented that “the people were in expectation, and all were questioning in their hearts concerning John, whether he might be the Christ [Messiah].”–Luke 3:15, ESV.
The Dead Sea Scrolls also help us better understand the historical setting in the life and times of Jesus Christ. They are also beneficial in the comparative study of Bible texts and ancient Hebrew. Nevertheless, not all of the Dead Sea Scrolls have been analyzed. Therefore, more light may come out of the wilderness. Absolutely, these scrolls were one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century, which remains to motivate both scholars and Bible students as we have now entered into the 21st century.
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THE NEW TESTAMENT DOCUMENTS: Can They Be Trusted
What are the churchgoers, the Bible college students, and seminary students to do when one Bible scholar says one thing and another Bible scholar says something quite different, or worse still, several Bible scholars are giving you several different opinions on one particular Bible issue? What makes it even more unsettling is when the Christian is not well informed in that area of study, only having basic knowledge. How can the Christian possibly know which of the Bible scholars are correct? Worse still, the Christian is put in the embarrassing position on social media of telling an atheist or Bible critic one of the scholar’s views, and then the atheist or Bible critic responds to the Christian with, ‘no your evidence is outdated, as recent research points to __________, ‘ and then they offer another answer that put the Bible in a bad light. What is the Christian to do? What will be accomplished here in this publication is we are going to give the reader much evidence when it comes to the documents of the New Testament, how that evidence impacts our Bible translations and an in-depth look at Bible difficulties as well. This can be used to build your faith, to save someone who may have begun to doubt the trustworthiness of the Bible, and many reading responses that can be used on social media and other forms of your ministry. Andrews is an author of more than 140 books, many of which are a defense of God’s Word
THE KING JAMES BIBLE Why Have Modern Bible Translations Removed Many Verses That Are In the King James Version?
Many have asked Edward D. Andrews as a Chief Translator, “In studying the modern Bible translations, I have come across some verses that are left out but that are in my King James Version or even my New King James Version, such as Matthew 18:11; 23:14; Luke 17:36. I have gotten conflicting opinions on social media. Can you please clear this up for me?”
Have you experienced this? The book of Revelation warns: “if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his share in the tree of life and in the holy city, which are described in this book.” Yes, removing a true part of the Bible would be a serious matter. (Rev. 22:19) But had this happened? Do you know why these verses are omitted from modern translations? You might wonder, ‘Is my modern Bible translation lacking something that the King James Version has?’ The reader of the King James Version may feel that they have something that the modern Bibles do not. Andrews will help the reader find the answers to whether verses are being omitted and far more when it comes to the differences between the King James Bible and the Modern Bible translations.
HISTORY OF ENGLISH VERSIONS OF THE BIBLE
The fascinating story of how we got the English Bible in its present form starts 1,120 years ago. HISTORY OF ENGLISH VERSIONS OF THE BIBLE covers the fascinating journey of the Bible from the 9th century AD to the beginning of the 20th-century. The chief translator of the Updated American Standard Version Edward D. Andrews invites readers to explore the process of from the early manuscripts to contemporary translations today.
And so, it was that translators like William Tyndale were martyred for the honor of giving the people a Bible that could easily be understood. What a price they had paid, however; it was a priceless gift! Tyndale and others before and after him had worked with the shadow of death towering over their heads. However, by delivering the Bible to many people in their native tongue, they opened up before them the possibility, not of death, but life eternal. As Jesus Christ said in the Tyndale Bible, “This is lyfe eternall that they myght knowe the that only very God and whom thou hast sent Iesus Christ.” (John 17:3) May we, therefore, know the value of what we can now hold in our hands, and may we diligently study God’s Word.
BEFORE ABRAHAM WAS I AM: Two Views on Translating John 8:58
JOHN 8:58 has been one of the most hotly debated verses in the Bible for centuries. For the first time, an impartial, unbiased, objective investigation begins and ends here. BEFORE ABRAHAM WAS I AM is for all individuals interested in how John 8:58 should be translated, as well as how it should be interpreted. The book impartially (objectively) offers the two different translation views on this verse, as well as two different interpretational views. The reader is given the opportunity to see both perspectives, and then, he or she can decide for themselves. The reader does not have to know Biblical Greek, as we have taken every measure to make this small book easy to understand. We have used the Greek interlinear with the English above the Greek. We have translated all the Greek herein. We have tried to define and explain every uncommon term. Views on translating John 8:58 include NT commentator with the historical setting Kenneth O Gangel, Bible background Clinton E. Arnold and Craig S. Keener, Exegetical commentator D. A. Carson, NT Greek scholar Daniel B. Wallace, Textual scholar B. F. Westcott, Senior Bible Translator of the NASB Don Wilkins, and Chief Translator of the UASV and textual scholar Edward D. Andrews.
FROM SPOKEN WORDS TO SACRED TEXTS: Introduction-Intermediate to New Testament Textual Studies
FROM SPOKEN WORDS TO SACRED TEXTS is an introduction-intermediate level coverage of the text of the New Testament. Andrews begins by introducing the reader to New Testament textual studies by presenting all the essential, foundational details necessary to understand New Testament textual criticism. With Andrews’ clear and comprehensive approach to New Testament textual studies, FROM SPOKEN WORDS TO SACRED TEXTS, will remain popular for beginning and intermediate students for decades to come. This source on how the New Testament came down us will become the standard book for courses in biblical studies, as well as the history of Christianity. FROM SPOKEN WORDS TO SACRED TEXTS is assured of becoming a reliable, clear-cut resource for generations of Bible students to come.
The Greek New Testament was copied and recopied by hand for 1,500 years. Regardless of those scribes who had worked very hard to be faithful in their copying, errors crept into the text. How can we be confident that what we have today is the Word of God? FROM SPOKEN WORDS TO SACRED TEXTS introduces its readers to New Testament textual studies of the Greek New Testament. Herein the reader will find plain language as Edward D. Andrews gives the reader an in-depth view of the history of the New Testament. We will discover how the New Testament books were transmitted. The intentional and unintentional scribal errors that crept into the text for some 1,500 years of corruption by copyists, followed by over 400 years of restoration work by textual scholars who gave their entire lives to give us today a restored New Testament text. In this book, the reader will gain an appreciation for the vast work that has been carried out in preserving the text of the New Testament and finding renewed confidence in its reliability. Andrews’ work on FROM SPOKEN WORDS TO SACRED TEXTS was carried out with an apologetical mindset to assist Christians in their defense of God’s Word.
THE P52 PROJECT: Is P52 Really the Earliest Greek New Testament Manuscript?
What are the churchgoers, the Bible college students, and seminary students to do when one Bible scholar says one thing and another Bible scholar says something quite different, or worse still, as is the case with P52, several Bible scholars are saying different dates for the time when the Greek New Testament fragment P52 was written? P = Papyrus (a plant in Egypt), the material that was used to make sheets of papyrus paper that were written on by scribes to make copies of Bible books. 52 = the number assigned to that discovered manuscript. What makes it even more unnerving is when one is not an expert in the field of study, only having basic knowledge. How can they possibly know who is correct? Worse still, the Christian is put in the embarrassing position on social media of telling an atheist that P52 is dated to 100-150 C.E., and then the atheist responds to the Christian with, ‘no your evidence from 1935 is outdated, as recent research points to a date of 200 C.E. or later.’ What is the Christian to do? What will be accomplished here in THE P52 PROJECT can be used at other times when the Christian is faced with two scholars or more offering conflicting conclusions. We are going to use the common sense that God gave us and weigh the evidence from both sides. We are going to treat THE P52 PROJECT like a criminal trial with P52 being on trial.
What the churchgoer, serious Bible students, and seminary students, and hopefully all Christians will learn in this short publication concerning P52 will help them in their approach when Bible scholars are offering conflicting information on other issues as well. The tiny Greek New Testament manuscript, P52, is an extremely useful, indispensable artifact of early Christianity. Andrews has made every effort to make this subject easier to understand. THE P52 PROJECT is too important to leave it in the hands of textual scholars, paleographers, and papyrologists.
THE READING CULTURE OF EARLY CHRISTIANITY: The Production, Publication, Circulation, and Use of Books in the Early Christian Church
THE READING CULTURE OF EARLY CHRISTIANITY provides the reader with the production process of the New Testament books, the publication process, how they were circulated, and to what extent they were used in the early Christian church. It examines the making of the New Testament books, the New Testament secretaries and the material they used, how the early Christians viewed the New Testament books, and the literacy level of the Christians in the first three centuries. It also explores how the gospels went from an oral message to a written record, the accusation that the apostles were uneducated, the inspiration and inerrancy in the writing process of the New Testament books, the trustworthiness of the early Christian copyists, and the claim that the early scribes were predominantly amateurs. Andrews also looks into the early Christian’s use of the codex [book form], how did the spread of early Christianity affect the text of the New Testament, and how was the text impacted by the Roman Empire’s persecution of the early Christians?
400,000+ SCRIBAL ERRORS IN THE GREEK NEW TESTAMENT MANUSCRIPTS: What Assurance Do We Have that We Can Trust the Bible?
The Bible has been under attack since Moses penned the first five books. However, the New Testament has faced criticism like no other time over the 50-70-years. Both friend and foe have challenged the reliability of our New Testament. Self-proclaimed Agnostic textual scholar Dr. Bart D. Ehrman has claimed that there are 400,000+ scribal errors in our Greek New Testament manuscripts. A leading textual scholar, Greek grammarian, and Christian apologist Dr. Daniel B. Wallace has stipulated that this is true. This is of particular interest among all Christians, who have been charged with defending the Word of God. – 1 Peter 3:15.
In this volume, textual scholar Edward D. Andrews offers the churchgoer and textual student a defense against this specific attack on the New Testament. Andrews offers the reader a careful analysis of the relevant evidence, giving his readers logical, reasonable, rational assurances that the New Testament can be trusted more than ever before. He will explain the differences between the older Bible translations and the newer ones. Andrews will explain why we do not need the original manuscripts to have the original Word of God. He will reveal how reliable our manuscripts are, how they survived the elements and the persecution of early Christianity, as well as withstanding careless and even deceitful scribes. Finally, Andrews will deal with the 400,000+ scribal errors in the Greek New Testament manuscripts extensively. The author takes a complicated subject and offers his readers an easy to understand argument for why they can have confidence in the Bible despite various challenges to the trustworthiness of Scripture, offering an insightful, informed, defense of God’s Word.
MISREPRESENTING JESUS: Debunking Bart D. Ehrman’s “Misquoting Jesus” [Fourth Edition]
This fourth edition will be dealing with the Greek text of our New Testament, through the Eyes of Dr. Bart D. Ehrman, in his New York Times bestseller: Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why (2005). First, in the introduction, we will look into Bart D. Ehrman’s early life and spiritual decline as he moved from being an evangelical conservative Christian to becoming an agnostic skeptic. Second, we will open with chapter one covering the book writing process of the New Testament authors and early Christian scribes. Then, we will spend three lengthy chapters covering the reading culture of early Christianity because of Ehrman’s claim of just how low the literacy rates were in early Christianity. After that, we will take one chapter to investigate the early Christian copyists because of Ehrman’s claim that most of the scribal errors come from the first three centuries. Following this will be one of the most critical chapters examining Ehrman’s claim of 400,000 textual variants [errors] and what impact they have on the integrity of the Greek New Testament. We will then investigate Bible Difficulties and what they mean for the trustworthiness of God’s Word. After that, we will give the reader the fundamentals of some of Ehrman’s complaints, debunking them as we investigate each one throughout seven chapters.
THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS: The Early Christian Writings of Churchmen Who Wrote about Christianity in the Late First and Early Second Centuries by Kirsopp
The Apostolic Fathers were core Christian theologians among the Church Fathers who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries A.D., who are believed to have personally known some of the Twelve Apostles or to have been significantly influenced by them. Their writings, though widely circulated in Early Christianity, were not included in the canon of the New Testament. Many of the writings derive from the same time period and geographical location as other works of early Christian literature, which came to be part of the New Testament. Some of the writings found among the Apostolic Fathers appear to have been as highly regarded as some of the writings which became the New Testament.
These writers include Clement of Rome, Ignatius, Polycarp, Hermas, Barnabas, Papias, and the anonymous authors of the Didachē (Teaching of the Twelve Apostles), Letter to Diognetus, Letter of Barnabas, and the Martyrdom of Polycarp. Not everything written by the Apostolic Fathers is considered to be equally valuable theologically, but taken as a whole, their writings are more valuable historically than any other Christian literature outside the New Testament. They provide a bridge between it and the more fully developed Christianity of the late 2nd century.
THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS: The Early Christian Writings of Church Leaders Who Followed Soon After the Apostles of Jesus Christ by J. B. Lightfoot
The Apostolic Fathers are a small number of Early Christian authors who lived and wrote in the second half of the 1st century and the first half of the 2nd century. They are acknowledged as leaders in the early church, although their writings were not included in the New Testament. They include Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp of Smyrna, the author of the Didache, and the author of the Shepherd of Hermas. The Apostolic Fathers, the earliest extant Christian writings outside the New Testament, are a primary resource for the study of early Christianity. These works are important because their authors were contemporaries of the biblical writers. J. B. Lightfoot is known as the greatest British New Testament scholar of the nineteenth century.
WHY DO YOU NOT BELIEVE? Godly Devotion, Purpose, Faith & Spiritual Growth
The only way in which anyone can become a genuine disciple of Jesus Christ is to exercise a divinely-given faith in the once crucified but now glorified Son of God, a faith that quickens the soul, fills it with the mind of Christ, and so unites them to Jesus forever. Murray & Andrews well know that the means for arriving at faith is the Word of God. It is the question often asked by the Master, Jesus Christ, which brings us to the title of the book, “If I speak the truth, why do you not believe ?” (John 8:46). Assured like the apostle Paul, as taught by the Lord, that the only mode for receiving forgiveness of sins and inheritance among them that are sanctified, is “faith” in Christ (Acts 26:18). Therefore, Murray & Andrews concentrate their writings on the anxious soul onto the Savior, on the one hand, and the necessity and power of faith in his own heart, on the other. By this means, they expect that under the working of the Spirit through the Word of God, the reader will be led to more fully live their life in faith, ‘the faith which is in the Son of God, who loved you and gave Himself up for you.” (Gal. 2:20) This little book will play a valuable part in our modern Christian faith, no doubt, with its lessons helping Christians to grow spiritually. This book will awaken the need for a vital bond between Christ and the readers, leading them to a stronger faith, which is so richly needed today.
THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS: Who Wrote the Book of Hebrews?
Who wrote this important and enlightening book of Hebrews? Why does it really matter if the book is canonical, authoritative, and inspired? The book was not signed, and so there have been many suggestions over the centuries. Honestly, there is no absolute determinative evidence for any suggested author, even Paul. However, we do not live in an absolute world. God is absolute, and the Word of God in the original is absolute. It seems that most researchers that address this appear to offer just a few suggestions to live with the belief that it is best to say that we do not know. There have been many suggested authors since the first century: Paul, Luke, Barnabas, Silas, Apollos, Priscilla and Aquila, James, Philip, Jude, Clement of Rome have all been offered as suggested authors of the book of Hebrews. So, who really wrote the book of Hebrews? Indeed, the book of Hebrews is packed with the most relevant and beneficial information as well as with serious and weighty exhortation, excellent encouragement, and severe warnings lest we fall away from the faith. The better we become informed with this Bible book, the more we profit from what it has to say. Having some certainty as to who the author is will also give us a deeper appreciation of its authentic and authoritative state.
PAUL AND LUKE ON TRIAL: Dating Events Between 33 and 49 A.D.
The book PAUL AND LUKE ON TRIAL deals with their reputations, the authenticity, and the trustworthiness of their New Testament books (Acts and Galatians), which Bible critics have sought to undermine for centuries. Sadly, this attack also comes from “the new generation of evangelical scholars [who are] far more comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty than previous generations.” (Wallace forward, Page xii) Herein the Bible critics and modern evangelical scholars are the prosecutors in this trial, and Andrews is serving as the Christian apologist in defense of the Apostle Paul and the disciple Luke. Andrews in PAUL AND LUKE ON TRIAL will briefly talk about Higher critics who have dissected the Word of God until it has become the word of man and a very jumbled word at that. Chapter one will look at how we can use legal terms to view Bible evidence objectively. Chapters 2 and 3 will lay more groundwork defining and dealing with Bible difficulties as it relates to the trial of Paul and Luke. A Brief historical overview of 36-49 C.E. in Chapter 4 apply all that we will have learned up unto this point in our defense of Paul and Luke. As a bonus, APPENDIX I is a chapter explaining Bible Difficulties, and APPENDIX II is a defense of the prophet Daniel and the book that bears his name.
BIBLE DIFFICULTIES: How to Approach Difficulties In the Bible by Edward D. Andrews
THE BIBLE: ERRORS! MISTAKES! INCONSISTENCIES! CONTRADICTIONS! Critics claim that the Bible is filled with so-called errors, mistakes, inconsistencies, and contradictions. Some even speak of thousands of errors. The truth is there is not even one demonstrated error in the original text of the Bible. Of course, we would never say that there are no difficulties in our Bibles. The Bible is loaded with thousands of difficult, challenging passages, many of which become obstacles in the development of our faith. These difficulties arise out of differences in culture, language, religious and political organizations, not to mention between 2,000 to 3,500 years of separation between the Bible author and the modern-day reader. Calling attention to these difficulties and sifting out the misconceptions, Andrews defends the full inerrancy of the Bible, clarifies the so-called errors or mistakes and what might seem like apparent contradictions. He arms the Christian with what he or she needs to defend their faith in the Bible. Honestly, whenever Christians find a difficulty in the Bible, frankly, acknowledge it. Do not try to obscure it. Do not try to dodge it. Herein is the defense of God’s Word that Christians have been waiting for.
FIRST TIMOTHY 2:12: What Does the Bible Really Say About Women Pastors/Preachers?
The role of women within the church has been a heated, ongoing debate. There are two views. We have the equal ministry opportunity for both men and women (egalitarian view) and the ministry roles distinguished by gender (complementarian view). This biblically grounded introduction will acquaint the reader with the biblical view: what does the Bible say about the woman’s role in the church? Both views mention the teachings of the apostle Paul in 1 Timothy 2:12 in order to support their viewpoint. Andrews will furnish the reader with a clear and thorough presentation of the biblical evidence for the woman’s role in the church so we can better understand the biblical viewpoint.
THE YOUNG CHRISTIAN’S SURVIVAL GUIDE: Common Questions Young Christians Are Asked about God, the Bible, and the Christian Faith Answered
Some of the questions asked and answered in THE YOUNG CHRISTIAN’S SURVIVAL GUIDE are “You claim the Bible is inspired because it says it is, right (2 Tim. 3:16)? Isn’t that circular reasoning?” “You claim the Bible was inspired, but there was no inspired list of which books that is true of. So how can we know which ones to trust?” “With so many different copies of manuscripts that have 400,000+ variants (errors), how can we even know what the Bible says?” “Why can’t the people who wrote the four Gospels get their story straight?” These questions and many more will be asked and answered with reasonable, rational, Scriptural answers.
JESUS CHRIST: The Great Teacher
How can you improve your effectiveness as teachers? Essentially, it is by imitating JESUS CHRIST The Great Teacher You may wonder, ‘But how can we imitate Jesus?’ ‘He was the perfect, divine, Son of God.’ Admittedly, you cannot be a perfect teacher. Nevertheless, regardless of your abilities, you can do your best to imitate the way Jesus taught. JESUS CHRIST The Great Teacher will discuss how you can employ all of his teaching methods. What a privilege it is to be a teacher of God’s Word and to share spiritual values that can have long-lasting benefits!
THE APOSTLE PAUL: The Teacher, Preacher Apologist
How can you improve your effectiveness as teachers? Essentially, it is by imitating THE APOSTLE PAUL: The Preacher, Teacher, Apologist. You may wonder, ‘But how can we imitate Paul?’ ‘He was an inspired author, who served as an apostle, given miraculous powers.’ Admittedly, Paul likely accomplished more than any other imperfect human. Nevertheless, regardless of your abilities, you can do your best to imitate the way Paul taught. THE APOSTLE PAUL: The Preacher, Teacher, Apologist will discuss how you can employ all of his teaching methods. When it comes to teaching, genuine Christians have a special responsibility. We are commanded to “make disciples of all nations . . . , teaching them.” (Matt. 24:14; 28:19-20; Ac 1:8)
MOSAIC AUTHORSHIP CONTROVERSY: Who Really Wrote the First Five Books of the Bible?
Who wrote the first five books of the Bible? Was it Moses or was it others centuries later? If Moses wrote the first five books of the Bible, then how was his own death and burial written in Deuteronomy Chapter 34? Many mainstream Bible scholars argue that Moses could not have written the Pentateuch since he likely existed many centuries earlier than the development of the Hebrew language. When was the origin of the Hebrew language? Popular scholarship says that if Moses had written the Pentateuch, he would have written in the Egyptian language, not the Hebrew. Moreover, most of the Israelites and other people of the sixteenth century B.C.E. were illiteral, so who could have written the Torah, and for whom would it be written because the people of that period did not read?
Finally, analysis of the first five books demonstrates multiple authors, not just one, which explains the many discrepancies. Multiple authors also explain the many cases of telling of the same story twice, making the same events appear to happen more than once. The modern mainstream scholarship would argue that within the Pentateuch we see such things as preferences for certain words, differences in vocabulary, reoccurring expressions in Deuteronomy that are not found in Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers, all evidence for their case for multiple authors.
What does the evidence say? What does archaeology, linguistic analysis, historical studies, textual analysis, and insights from Egyptologists tell us? Again, who wrote the first five books of the Bible? Was it Moses or was it others centuries later? Andrews offers his readers an objective view of the evidence.
FEMINIST CRITICISM: What is Biblical Feminism?
FEMINIST CRITICISM will offer the reader explicitly what the Bible says. Feminist criticism is a form of literary criticism that is based on feminist theories. The worldview of feminism uses feminist principles to interpret the word of God. Biblical feminists argue that they are merely focused on creating equal opportunities to serve. They say that they want the freedom to follow Jesus Christ as he has called them. They assert that they merely want to use the gifts that he has given them in God’s service. Biblical feminists maintain that Scripture clearly states the worth and value of men and women equally when it comes to serving God. Biblical feminists also say that they want to partner with the men when it comes to taking the lead in the church and parenting in the home. They seek mutual submission and subjection in the church leadership and the home headship, not what they perceive to be a male hierarchy. FEMINIST CRITICISM will gently and respectfully address these issues with Scripture.
NEW LEFT TYRANNY: The Authoritarian Destruction of Our Way of Life
New Left Tyranny shows how the neo-Marxist New Left turned their back on historical Western principles and became a destructive authoritarian force. It abandoned the working class. By systematically attacking traditional values and inciting hateful Identity Politics, they created a dysfunctional society characterized by social anarchy, selfishness and a lack of personal responsibility.
“This is a remarkable book by a remarkable person. Excellent work.”
Dr. Paul Craig Roberts, leading American political economist
Hanne Nabintu Herland is a Scandinavian bestselling author, historian of comparative religions and founder of The Herland Report
WALK HUMBLY WITH YOUR GOD: Putting God’s Purposes First in Your Life [Third Edition]
In the book Walking Humbly with Your God, Andrews explains to you what a special, personal relationship with God looks like in your daily life. Andrews does this as he walks you throughout Scripture and presents it in an easy-to-read, concise manner. God desires to speak to you, and you have the privilege of hearing His voice in this journey with an author of 140+ books. If you have been lacking a deep, faith-built intimacy with God or you simply want to strengthen what you already have, Walking Humbly with Your God is a must-have. Enter with Andrews into the Scriptural Walking Humbly with God. Behold the captivating experience as your faith grows, and see how you, at this time in your life, can grow spiritually and personally.
RENEW YOUR MIND: Surviving and Overcoming Childhood Trauma
The subject of RENEW YOUR MIND, childhood abuse and trauma, was exceedingly difficult for me to talk about for decades and is still a struggle today. Even today, I feel a bit embarrassed to talk about the things that I survived. But it needs to be done for the sake of help others to survive and overcome childhood abuse and trauma.
The scope of RENEW YOUR MIND will go into many of the traumatic events but will not go into details because that is not necessary. The reader does need to appreciate the level of suffering so they to can appreciate how much the human can survive.
The aim of RENEW YOUR MIND is to help the reader to experience the depths of my pain that will make you cringe one moment and then cry the next. The aim of this book is to help any reader to know that they too can survive and overcome the abuses and trauma be it in their childhood or as an adult, even if they are currently within it.
RENEW YOUR MIND will be the most biblical, most transformative Christian living book outside of the Bible itself. Regardless of your life struggles, you will discover both spiritual and personal growth.
HUMILITY: The Beauty of Holiness by Andrew Murray
HUMILITY: The Beauty of Holiness contains 12 studies on humility, a quality that Andrew Murray rightly believes should be one of the distinguishing characteristics of the discipleship of Christ. Jesus not only strongly impressed His disciples with the need for humility but was in Himself its supreme example. He described Himself as “meek and lowly (tapeinos) in heart.” (Matt. 11:29) The first of the Beatitudes was to “the poor in spirit” (humbly aware of spiritual needs Matt. 5:3), and it was “the meek” who should “inherit the earth.” Humility is the way to true greatness: he who should “humble himself as this little child” should be “the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.” “Whosoever shall exalt himself shall be humbled, and whosoever shall humble himself shall be exalted.” (Matt. 18:4; 23:12; Lu 14:11; 18:14). To the humble mind, truth is revealed. (Matt. 11:25; Lu 10:21) Jesus set a touching example of humility in His washing His disciples’ feet. (Joh 13:1-17) The apostle Paul makes an earnest appeal to Christians (Php 2:1-11) that they should cherish and manifest the Spirit of their Lord’s humility, “in lowliness of mind each counting other better than himself,” and mentions the supreme example of the self-emptying (kenosis) of Christ: “Have this mind in you, which was also in Christ Jesus.”—Philippians 2:7.
WAITING ON GOD! In Due Time We Will Reap If We Do Not Grow Weary by Andrew Murray & Edward D. Andrews
Waiting on God appropriately (Ps 42:5, 11; 43:5) is encouraged for one to gain divine approval. Waiting on God, what does it involve? As Christians, we are “waiting for and hastening the coming of the day of God.” We look forward to relief when the time arrives for “the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly.” (2 Peter 3:7, 12) Thus, waiting on God involves waiting for His time to act. As we await the Lord’s day, we may, at times, be very deeply concerned to see the moral standards of the world around us sink ever lower. At such moments, it is good to consider the words of God’s prophet Micah, who wrote, “The godly person has perished from the land, and there is no upright person among humankind.” Then he added: “But as for me, I will look to the Lord; I will wait for the God of my salvation.” (Micah 7:2, 7) What is the waiting attitude that we should develop? Since having to wait is often tiring and trying, how can we find joy while waiting on God? Murray and Andrews address these questions and so much more.
THE PILGRIM?S PROGRESS: From This World to That Which Is to Come by John Bunyan
The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory by the English writer John Bunyan, published in two parts. It is regarded as one of the most significant works of religious, theological fiction in English literature. It has been translated into more than 200 languages and has never been out of print. The work is a symbolic vision of the good man’s pilgrimage through life. At one time second only to the Bible in popularity, The Pilgrim’s Progress is the most famous Christian allegory still in print. The entire book is presented as a dream sequence narrated by an omniscient narrator. The allegory’s protagonist, Christian, is an everyman character, and the plot centers on his journey from his hometown, the “City of Destruction” (“this world”), to the “Celestial City” (“that which is to come”: Heaven) atop Mount Zion. Christian is weighed down by a great burden—the knowledge of his sin—which he believed came from his reading “the book in his hand” (the Bible).
ADULTERY: The Biblical Guide to Avoid the Pitfalls of Sexual Immorality
Andrews has written The Biblical Guide to Avoid the Pitfalls of Sexual Immorality. This tool is for both man and woman, husband and wife, all Christians who will marry one day and those who have been married for some time. The fallen world that we live in is fertile ground for immorality. The grass always seems greener somewhere away from one’s own spouse. Adultery is something everyone should avoid. It destroys more than just marriages, it destroys a person’s life, family and most importantly their relationship with God. Such is the danger of adultery that the Bible strongly warns every man and woman against it. The world that we currently live in is very vile, and sexual morality is no longer a quality that is valued. What can Christians do to stay safe in such an influential world that caters to the fallen flesh? What can help the husband and wife relationship to flourish as they cultivate a love that will survive the immoral world that surrounds them? We might have thought that a book, like God’s Word that is 2,000-3,500 years old would be out of date on such modern issues, but the Bible is ever applicable. The Biblical Guide to Avoid the Pitfalls of Sexual Immorality will give us the biblical answers that we need.
SATAN: Know Your Enemy
How could Satan, Adam, and Eve have sinned if they were perfect? How much influence does Satan have? How does Satan try to influence you? What do you need to learn about your enemy? How can you overcome Satanic influences? Can Satan know your thoughts? Can Satan control you? How can you overcome Satanic Influences? How does Satan blind the minds of the unbelievers? How you can understand Satan’s battle for the Christian mind. How you can win the battle for the Christian mind. How you can put on the full armor of God? All of these questions and far more are dealt with herein by Andrews.
MIRACLES: What Does the Bible Really Teach?
WHAT IS A MIRACLE? It is an event that goes beyond all known human and natural powers and is generally attributed to some supernatural power. Why should YOU be interested in miracles?
“Miracles, by definition, violate the principles of science.”—RICHARD DAWKINS.
“Belief in miracles is entirely rational. Far from being an embarrassment to religious faith, they are signs of God’s love for, and continuing involvement in, creation.”—ROBERT A. LARMER, PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY.
SHOULD YOU believe in miracles? As we can see from the above quotations, opinions vary considerably. But how could you convincingly answer that question?
Some of YOU may immediately answer, “Yes, I believe.” Others might say, “No, I don’t believe.” Then, there are some who may say, “I don’t know, and I really don’t care! Miracles don’t happen in my life!” Really, why should YOU be interested in miracles? The Bible promises its readers that in the future some miracles far beyond all ever recorded or experienced is going to occur and will affect every living person on earth. Therefore, would it not be worth some of your time and energy to find out whether those promises are reliable? What does God’s Word really teach about miracles of Bible times, after that, our day, and the future?
GODLY WISDOM SPEAKS: FORTY DEVOTIONALS FROM THE BOOK OF PROVERBS FOR MANEUVERING THROUGH LIFE
Andrews, an author of over 100 books, has chosen the 40 most beneficial Proverbs, to give the readers an abundance of wise, inspired counsel to help them acquire understanding and safeguard their heart, “for out of it are the sources of life.” (4:23) GODLY WISDOM SPEAKS sets things straight by turning the readers to Almighty God. Each Proverb is dealt with individually, giving the readers easy to understand access to what the original language really means. This gives the readers what the inspired author meant by the words that he used. After this, the reader is given practical guidance on how those words can be applied for maneuvering through life today. GODLY WISDOM with its instruction and counsel never go out of date.
THE BIBLICAL MARRIAGE: Biblical Counsel that Will Strengthen a Strong Marriage and Save a Failing Marriage
God is the originator of marriage. The Bible’s advice has helped many couples overcome problems and have a long, happy marriage. The Bible is a book for all people that provides practical advice that can improve our marriage. Husbands and wives can include God in their marriage by following his loving guidance. If we want a healthy, joyful, Christ-centered marriage, then we must embrace the principles in the Bible. Marriage is one of the greatest gifts that God has given us. Counsel from the Word of God will enrich, reinforce, and strengthen a marriage that is already strong and save a marriage that is failing.
What forms of prayer do you personally need to offer more often? Who benefits when you pray for others? Why is it important to pray regularly? Why should true Christians pray continually? To whom should we pray, and how? What are the proper subjects for prayer? When should you pray? Does God listen to all prayers? Whose prayers is God willing to hear? What could make a person’s prayers unacceptable to God? When Jesus says, “whatever you ask in prayer, you will receive if you have faith,” an absolute guarantee that we will receive it? HOW TO PRAY by Torrey and Andrews is a spiritual gem that will answer all of these questions and far more. HOW TO PRAY is a practical guidebook covers the how, when, and most importantly, the way of praying. An excellent devotional resource for any Christian library.
Bible Doctrines – Theology
CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY What the Bible Teaches About God by R. A. Torrey & Edward D. Andrews
Torrey and Andrews have taken deep theological subjects and made them easy to understand. CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY: What the Bible Teaches about God has twelve chapters. Chapter 1 begins with God as Spirit, followed by the Unity of God, the Eternity of God, the Omnipresence of God, the Personality of God, the Omnipotence of God, the Omniscience of God, the Holiness of God, the Love of God, The Righteous (or Justice) of God, the Mercy (or Living-Kindness of God), and finally the Faithfulness of God. The advantage of CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY is enormous: each thought-provoking chapter is based soundly in God’s Word, helping the reader to cultivate a sound biblical foundation. Whether you are a student, pastor, teacher, youth worker, or layperson, this publication is a fantastic tool for understanding the Basic Bible Doctrines of the Christian Faith, in the light of solid Scriptural truth. All chapters in the book come from extensive research as to What the Bible Teaches about God.
CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY What the Bible Teaches About Jesus Christ [Vol. II]
Torrey and Andrews have taken deep theological subjects and made them easy to understand. CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY: What the Bible Teaches about Jesus Christ has twelve chapters. Chapter 1 begins with God as Spirit, followed by the Unity of God, the Eternity of God, the Omnipresence of God, the Personality of God, the Omnipotence of God, the Omniscience of God, the Holiness of God, the Love of God, The Righteous (or Justice) of God, the Mercy (or Living-Kindness of God), and finally the Faithfulness of God. The advantage of CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY is enormous: each thought-provoking chapter is based soundly in God’s Word, helping the reader to cultivate a sound biblical foundation. Whether you are a student, pastor, teacher, youth worker, or layperson, this publication is a fantastic tool for understanding the Basic Bible Doctrines of the Christian Faith, in the light of solid Scriptural truth. All chapters in the book come from extensive research as to What the Bible Teaches about Jesus Christ.
CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY What the Bible Teaches About the Holy Spirit [Vol. III]
Torrey, Andrews, and Sweeney have taken deep theological subjects and made them easy to understand. CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY: What the Bible Teaches about the Holy Spirit has eighteen chapters. Chapter 1 begins with the Personality of the Holy Spirit, followed by the Deity of the Holy Spirit, the Distinction of the Holy Spirit from the Father and the Son, the Subordination of the Holy Spirit to the Father and the Son, the names of the Holy Spirit, the Work of the Holy Spirit, the Baptism and Filling with the Holy Spirit, the Work of the Holy Spirit in the Prophets and the Apostles, the Work of the Holy Spirit In Jesus Christ, the Spirit and Christians, How are Christians to Understand the Indwelling of the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit in the First Century and Today and finally some Parting Words about the Holy Spirit. The advantage of CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY is enormous: each thought-provoking chapter is based soundly in God’s Word, helping the reader to cultivate a sound biblical foundation. Whether you are a student, pastor, teacher, youth worker, or layperson, this publication is a fantastic tool for understanding the Basic Bible Doctrines of the Christian Faith, in the light of solid Scriptural truth. All chapters in the book come from extensive research as to What the Bible Teaches about the Holy Spirit. CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY: What the Bible Teaches about the Holy Spirit is the third of five volumes.
CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY What the Bible Teaches About Man [Vol. IV]
Torrey and Andrews have taken deep theological subjects and made them easy to understand. CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY: What the Bible Teaches about Man has eighteen chapters. Chapter 1 begins with Man’s Original Condition, the Present Standing Before God and Condition of Men Outside of the Redemption, the Future Destiny of Those Who Reject the Redemption, Justification, the New Birth, Adoption, Sanctification, Repentance, Faith, Love to God, Love to Christ, Love to Man, Prayer, Thanksgiving, Worship, the Believer’s Assurance, and finally the Future Destiny of Believers. The advantage of CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY is enormous: each thought-provoking chapter is based soundly in God’s Word, helping the reader to cultivate a sound biblical foundation. Whether you are a student, pastor, teacher, youth worker, or layperson, this publication is a fantastic tool for understanding the Basic Bible Doctrines of the Christian Faith, in the light of solid Scriptural truth. All chapters in the book come from extensive research as to What the Bible Teaches about Man. CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY: What the Bible Teaches about Man is the fourth of five volumes.
CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY What the Bible Teaches About Angels & Satan the Devil [Vol. V]
Torrey and Andrews have taken deep theological subjects and made them easy to understand. CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY: What the Bible Teaches about Angels & Satan the Devil has twenty-one chapters. Torrey in Chapter 1 begins with the Angel’s nature, position, number, and abode, the Work of Angels, the Devil’s Existence, Nature, Position and Character, Ezekiel 28 Explained, the Abod of Satan, Our Duty Toward Satan and His Destiny, Andrews Explaining Angels, Explaining Satan the Devil, Explaining the Demons, Who Were the “Sons of God” In Genesis 6:2, Who Were the Nephilim In Genesis 6:2, Answering No One Has Seen God, Who Is Michael the Archangel, Angelic Rebellion in the Spirit Realm, Can Satan Control Humans, Can Satan Know the Thoughts of the Human Mind, Struggle Against Dark Spiritual Forces, Why Has God Permitted Evil, Do Christians Have Guardian Angels, How Much Is God Involved In Humanity, and Why Is Life So Unfair. The advantage of CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY is enormous: each thought-provoking chapter is based soundly in God’s Word, helping the reader to cultivate a sound biblical foundation. Whether you are a student, pastor, teacher, youth worker, or layperson, this publication is a fantastic tool for understanding the Basic Bible Doctrines of the Christian Faith, in the light of solid Scriptural truth. All chapters in the book come from extensive research as to What the Bible Teaches about Angels & Satan the Devil. CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY: What the Bible Teaches about Angels & Satan the Devil is the fifth of five volumes.
EZEKIEL, DANIEL, & REVELATION: GOG OF THE LAND OF MAGOG, KINGS OF THE NORTH AND SOUTH, & THE EIGHT KINGS OF REVELATION
The Bible describes the events that will occur before and after the destruction of Gog of Magog. Who is Gog of Magog mentioned in the book of Ezekiel? Why should we be interested in the prophecy recorded in Daniel chapter 11? Find out in a verse-by-verse explanation of Daniel Chapter 11, as you discover who the kings of the North and the South are from before Jesus’ day throughout the last days. You will benefit from paying attention to Daniel’s prophecy about the battle between the two kings? Taken together, the Bible books of Daniel and Revelation not only identify eight kings but also show the sequence in which they would appear. We can explain those prophecies.
Theology & Technology
TECHNO CRITICAL MANIFESTO: Resistance is Freedom
A lot of confusion exists over the right ethical approach to new technologies. Do we embrace it all as an unmitigated good? Or should we take a more cautionary route that seeks to evaluate our own technology use and its impact on society from a critical perspective? A new awareness of both the dangers and potential benefits new technologies offer will guide us through a morass of ethical questions. We stress limits because it is here that the traditional dialectic of question and answer has broken down; even talking about technological restraint is met with near-universal scorn. Nevertheless, it is through the negative side of this debate that the antithesis will transition into a resolve for the technological problem raised in this Manifesto.
MACHINEHEAD: Rise of the Technology God
Technology is everywhere, we live, and breath and move in it, but what is our technology worship doing to our souls? How does it impact our relationships with each other? Can we remain human in a technological environment? Terlizzese addresses these questions and more in my latest book Machinehead: Rise of the Technology God. This book on social criticism speaks to the history and sources of computer worship and digital adoration and its consequences for the future of our century. The technological problem stated simply is that technology as a force for good and human amelioration has reversed its direction by means of unlimited acceleration and unfettered use, which threatens us with the opposite of progress in manifest regression, and burgeoning extinction. I resolve these problems by focusing on individual responsibility in the face of an apparent irresistible force moving history toward annihilation. Only as we curb technology use through exercising self-control can we liberate ourselves from Machinehead the technology God.
KILLER COMPUTERS: Science Fiction anticipates Our Future
KILLER COMPUTERS is meant to stimulate thinking on the most critical issue of our times, technology, and in particular Artificial Intelligence, which occupies the foremost of our attention. It does this through a common reference: science fiction film. Science fiction does not predict the future, but it does, for better or worse, anticipate it. Killer Computers are a metaphor for when machines, in the not too distant future, are given the power by their creators, to make life and death decisions, especially in a military or Civil Defense context, which will inevitably spill over into medical and judicial realms. The solitary cause for this potential future is the collective resignation to think for ourselves in all things. The Enlightenment principle of Sapere Aude (dare to think for yourself) is being forgotten in favor an Artificial Intelligence that does all our thinking for us. The hope is that through awareness, we will be smart enough not to let that happen, while still enjoying the benefits this technology offers. These essays include a discussion on a theology of culture, On Black Holes and Arch Angels, as well as Grace and Law and case studies on important thinkers that address technological and political worlds, such as Gabriel Marcel and Reinhold Niebuhr. Hope is a predominate theme which is capped by a chapter on New Creation. Wisdom counsels a path through critical participation in the technological system. We must see ourselves as part of the problem and therefore, part of the solution.
INTO THE VOID: The Coming Transhuman Transformation
Today’s Technological progress is mankind’s greatest achievement but may lead to total destruction. Technological progress consumes more than it produces, it pursues its own ends not that of humanity’s and cannot accelerate indefinitely on a planet with finite resources. Jacques Ellul noted “[t]echnique (technology) has its limits. But when it has reached those limits, will anything exist outside them . . . is it (technological acceleration) not succeeding in undermining everything which is outside it?” (Ellul 1964, 85) Once technological limits are reached will anything be left? Transhumanists expect that technological acceleration will culminate by mid-century in an event they call the “Singularity” a technological Omega Point or convergence of human and artificial intelligence that will give rise to a god-like supercomputer (Artilect) which promises a century of progress in one hour. Despite apparent immediate gains, technology makes the human plight worse through exhaustion of resources and spiritual slavery. The Singularity will mark the end of technological progress as it reaches completion without redressing the spiritual problem inherent to the human condition. This means that all who step into the Singularity will enter a void, a digital black hole. The solution is as simple as the problem is sublime, step away from the edge of the abyss slowly.
Christian Fiction & Historical Fiction
THE ROAD TO REDEMPTION: A Young Girl’s Journey and Her Quest for Meaning
Stella Mae Clark thought she had a wonderful life. She idolized her father, a military man who raised her to love Christ with all of her heart. She had a mother who loved her father and their example of true love gave her the sparkle in her eyes. That is until the unimaginable happens and her life is completely shattered. One decision at the age of sixteen would again turn her world completely upside down. Stella Mae makes the decision to leave her life and her family behind to seek refuge from her painful past. She desperately seeks solace, answers, and for something to fill the aching void within her heart. Just as she thinks she has settled into a new life with Christ, tragedy once again strikes and shatters any hope she had for a normal life. She abandons Christ and turns to a life of sin before it ultimately consumes her and breaks her down. Will it take nearly losing her life to find her way back to God or will her shame and regret keep holding her back? Join Stella Mae on her journey to find meaning and purpose in the midst of all her tragedy as she seeks to find the One her heart has been missing. The story of her past is one of loss, shame, heartbreak, and fear. With the help of those who see her for more than her past, she is able to become the person she always wanted to be and a new creature.
HEROES OF FAITH: Abel Offered Acceptable Sacrifices to God
HEROES OF FAITH is historical fiction of the life of the first imperfect human after the fall, Abel, based on the Word of God. After reading the account, it will be as if Abel were an old friend. This brief powerful story will move and motivate the faith of all readers. HEROES OF FAITH has been created to not only entertain but also help the reader strengthen his or her faith. We will begin with an easy to understand introductory chapter on the question, What Is Faith? After that, is the historical story of the life of Abel. This is followed by the Bible difficulties of all the persons in the life of Abel: his father Adam, his mother Eve, and his brother Cain. Finally, we close this crucial book that can strengthen us in these last days with four chapters on Bible Difficulties, which will also help the reader grow in faith.
[1] Appendix 33 from the Companion Bible:
http://www.therain.org/appendixes/app33.html
[2] W. S. LaSor, “Dead Sea Scrolls,” ed. Geoffrey W. Bromiley, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), 893.
[3] “The Protestant designation for the fourteen or fifteen books of doubtful authenticity and authority that are not found in the Hebrew Old Testament but are in manuscripts of the LXX; most of these books were declared canonical by the Roman Catholic church at the Council of Trent in 1546, and they call these books deuterocanonical (second canon).”―Geisler 1986, 637.
[4] “A word meaning “false writings” and used to designate those spurious and unauthentic books of the late centuries b.c. and early centuries a.d. These books contain religious folklore and have never been considered canonical by the Christian church.”―Geisler 1986, 642.
[5] Of course, there were no verses in the ancient texts, as they were simply running text. It was Rabbi Isaac Nathan, while working on a concordance, numbered the Bible into verses in 1440 C.E. Robert Estienne (Stephanus) introduced his system for dividing the Bible’s text into numbered verses in 1550 C.E., which we still use today.
[6] James VanderKam, The Dead Sea Scrolls Today. (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2010), 127.
[8] Hebrew Bible: the traditional text of the Hebrew Bible, revised and annotated by Jewish scholars between the 6th and 10th centuries C.E.
[9] Greek version of Hebrew Bible: a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible made between 280 and 150 B.C.E. to meet the needs of Greek-speaking Jews outside Palestine.
[10] Because of the tradition about 72 translators, this Greek Bible translation came to be known as the Septuagint, based on a Latin word meaning “Seventy.”
[11] Actually, there were more forms of Judaism. There were the Herodians, who were Jewish partisans or party followers of the Herodian dynasty. In addition, there were the Zealots, who advocated a Jewish kingdom completely independent of Roman control.
Can the OT Documents Be Trusted, OT Textual Criticism Articles, The Battle for the Bible - OT
Essenes, Greek Septuagint, Hebrew Old Testament, Qumran, Qumran Caves, The Dead Sea Scrolls, The Hebrew Text, The Masora, The Masoretic Text
HEBREW TEXT: Earliest Translated Versions
How Are We to Explain the Scribal Errors in the Hebrew Manuscripts?
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Browse all reviews by letter A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 - 9
Rated M
Bernard Hemingway
Set in Berlin the early 193Os, Cabaret is the story of Sally Bowles (Liza Minnelli), a self-styled starlet and singer at the Kit-Kat Club with grand ambitions to make the big time. Her wicked ways are observed by the rather naive young Englishman Brian Roberts (Michael York), a variant of Fitzgerald's Nick Carraway, who valiantly tries to save Sally from herself.
Although not as able to shock (abortion was not a subject heard in mainstream cinema of the time) as when originally released, this adaptation of the hit Broadway musical, based on John van Druten's play, I Am A Camera, which was filmed in 1955, itself based on the Christopher Isherwood autobiographical novel Goodbye To Berlin is still one of the most iconic films of the 1970s, its polymorphous sexuality and taste for fin de siecle decadence. like Performance (1970) well exemplifying the Zeitgeist.
Oscar winners Joel Grey and Liza Minnelli are outstanding in the cabaret numbers but ultimately the film's success depends on the great songs by Fred Ebbs and John Kander, that, unlike most musicals are seamlessly woven into the narrative, rather than breaking away from it. Even more exceptionally for the genre the film itself stands up as a dramatic whole and an economical representation of the Nazi phenomenon and the privileged world it would destroy, although, perhaps due to Michael York's characteristic woodenness, more so than his character's awkwardness, the scenes between Brian, Sally and Max (Helmut Griem) tend to lack zest and hobble proceedings. Unfortunately, for the film could have done with more, five songs were cut from the stage production and only appear in the film as incidental background music.
Fosse won the Best Director Oscar and the film also took home prizes for its cinematography, sound, editing, art direction and scoring (somewhat inconsistently The Godfather took out Best Picture).
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© 2016 Cinephilia. All rights reserved. Film reviews with a focus on independent, arthouse, cult and Australian films.
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From the book "Nani Cave" by Elaine A. Powers
A sac off of the esophagus used to store food for later.
A young bird.
An animal's special home that provides food, water, shelter, and space for breeding.
A bird that has just emerged from the egg.
When all four toes are joined in a web.
Maintaining the eggs at a constant temperature ideal for development.
The seasonal movement of birds from one area to another.
Cleaning and arranging the feathers typically with the beak.
A group of birds nesting together.
The set of feathers that cover a bird.
The set of eggs laid for a single female during one nesting.
Birds are the only animals in the world that have these.
A change by which birds improve their condition in relationship to their environment over generations to help them survive.
The distance from one wingtip to another.
To emerge from the egg.
A chick that has recently flown from the nest for the first time.
The second part of the bird's stomach that grinds and digests tough food.
The structure in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs.
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An Alternative (Cuban) Tour of Brooklyn’s Green-Wood Cemetery
Last week the Museum of the City of New York inaugurated an exhibit on the storied Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn. Entitled “A Beautiful Way to Go,” the exhibit is relatively small in relation to the sheer size, beauty, and historical importance of the cemetery, but it uses the space beautifully and imaginatively, as one has come to expect from the Museum of the City of New York and the curator for this exhibit, Donald Albrecht, whose staff was aided by Jeffery Richman, the cemetery’s historian.
When I served as a consultant three years ago to the New York Historical Society’s exhibit on the history of the Latin American presence in the city (Nueva York!), I came to appreciate the challenging zero-sum game of exhibit planning: the available space sets a tyrannical limit. If you decide to add something, something else must come out.
Imagine the challenge in the Green-Wood exhibit. You want to cover the history, the architecture, the landscaping, but most importantly, you have to answer the question: who is buried there? Anybody we know? The answer is YES: Samuel Morse, Boss Tweed, Leonard Bernstein, John Underwood (the typewriter guy), the Steinways (the piano guys), the Havemeyers (the Brooklyn sugar refiners), James Weldon Johnson, Horace Greeley, Jean Michel Basquiat, Henry Chadwick and Charles Ebbets (both of baseball fame), the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, Juan Trippe (PanAm founder), the musician Louis Gottschalk, Susan Smith McKinney (first African-American woman to practice medicine in New York State), the guy who played the actual Wizard of Oz in the 1939 movie, Thomas Adams (the inventor of the chewing gum), and, in my view, the man who most influenced the history of the city: Governor DeWitt Clinton. Oh, and by the way, more than half a million other people. The selection process for those who are showcased (literally) in the exhibit must have been brutal. Even Gottschalk, arguably the most renowned composer and musician of his time, did not make the cut (although the guy who wrote It’s Raining Men did).
So I understand (although I am disappointed) that not one of my dead Cubans, with whom I have been living with over the past decade or so as I research the history of Cubans in New York, made it to the exhibit. And there’s quite a few of them buried in Green-Wood, and fairly prominent ones at that. In fact, I venture to say that Green-Wood is the cemetery outside of Cuba where the greatest number of notable Cubans is buried, with the possible exception of Woodlawn in Miami (two Cuban Presidents and at least one wanna-be Cuban President, among others, are buried in that Calle Ocho cemetery). But as far as 19th-century Cubans are concerned, I would argue for Green-Wood (Paris and Madrid are possible challengers).
Here then, is my supplement, or Cuban appendix, to the fine, although necessarily limited, MCNY exhibit.
But first: the context. Most of the notable Cubans buried at Green-Wood belong to the migration wave that arrived in New York in the aftermath of the outbreak, in 1868, of the first war of independence from Spain. That wave made Cuban New York the largest community of Latin American immigrants east of the Mississippi and remained so until Ybor City (another Cuban community, in Tampa) surpassed it in 1886. It was a migration spearheaded by the Havana elite, mostly owners of sugar plantations and slaves, as well as the lawyers and intellectuals associated with that class, who found themselves in physical danger when their eastern compatriots decided in 1868 that the political status of Cuba had to be decided by the sharp edge of a machete. The Spanish unleashed a wave of repression against the Havana criollo aristocracy, so they exiled themselves in New York, where most of them had been selling their sugar for decades and where they had sizable accounts with the counting houses lining South Street. Here they joined forces with longtime Cuban residents of the city to support, with widely ranging degrees of enthusiasm, the cause of the rebels fighting the Spanish in Cuba.
Juan Clemente Zenea
Even before the outbreak of the war, Green-Wood had become a well-known place for Cuban New Yorkers. One of the most important Cuban poets of all time, Juan Clemente Zenea, who first arrived in the city 1852, visited Green-Wood and penned a poem En Greenwood, which starts: “next to these quiet waters/among these woods, in this refuge/under these lawns and roses/is where I want to peacefully rest.”
Miguel Aldama, the most prominent of all the Cuban sugar planters, the informal leader of the Havana elite, and perhaps once the richest man in the island, is buried at Green-Wood. He gained prominence in New York as the official representative in the United States of the Cuban rebels, and although his properties in Cuba were embargoed
Miguel Aldama, on the cover of Harper’s Weekly
by the Spanish, he had stashed away in New York nearly one million dollars, which enabled him to live very comfortably in the city, give his daughter a sumptuous wedding and a European honeymoon, erect a huge sugar refinery in the Brooklyn waterfront, and build a relatively modest mausoleum in Green-Wood to bury his father, Domingo, and his wife, Hilaria Fonts, both of whom died within a few years after arriving here. Aldama was on a first-name basis with most of the city’s rich and powerful, including mayor Oakey Hall.
The Aldama mausoleum
Eventually, both the war and the refinery failed, and Aldama was forced to return to Cuba to try to recover (unsuccessfully) his properties from the Spanish. When he died virtually penniless in Havana in 1888, his body, in accordance with his wishes, was shipped to New York and buried in Green-Wood. All the New York newspapers covered the arrival of the body and its burial.
Also buried at Green-Wood is a colleague of Aldama, José Morales Lemus, a prominent lawyer for the Havana planter class, who was the rebels’ representative prior to Aldama and who devoted himself to an unsuccessful campaign to get the Grant administration to recognize the legitimacy of the cause for Cuban independence. He was practically a fixture in the office of Secretary of State Hamilton Fish. Already an older man when he arrived, he died of a gastrointestinal ailment in his Brooklyn home in 1870.
Jose Morales Lemus
Tomb of Morales Lemus
There are three large and prominent families from that migration wave buried at Green-Wood. All three arrived here with money, but made a fortune investing in Manhattan real estate. The Govíns, headed by Félix, owned some twenty-six multifamily rental properties in what is now Hell’s Kitchen and Félix was probably the richest Cuban in New York in the 1880s. His daughter, Luciana, inherited most of the family fortune and she provided the critical financing for the expedition José Martí organized in 1895 after the Fernandina fiasco (see Cuban New Yorker blog #16, February 4, 2013).
The Angarica family plot
The Angarica brothers, José and Joaquín, also had substantial Manhattan real estate holdings, but were better known as very high-ranking Freemasons, establishing and leading an important lodge in Manhattan.
Years before the conflict, the Mora clan had already established a presence in the city as sugar merchants, selling their sugar to New York refineries and investing in income-producing property in the East Village. José Mora was a generous contributor to the Cuban cause, losing much of his fortune in the conflict. José also lost a brother-in-law, the husband of his sister Carlota, General Domingo Goicouría, who was famously and publicly executed by the Spanish in Havana during the war.
The Mora family plot
A second-generation Mora, José María, established a photography studio on Broadway, eventually becoming a prominent theatrical photographer. In his last years he lived as an eccentric recluse and his death was covered by the major New York newspapers.
Jose Maria Mora’s portrait of Chester Arthur
Benjamín Guerra, a collaborator of Martí and the treasurer of the Partido Revolucionario Cubano, who died in New York in 1900, has one of the most modest tombs in the cemetery. There are undoubtedly many other Cubans interred in Green-Wood. It is difficult to know without much more exhaustive research because the searchable burial records are not complete. I have a long list of Cuban New Yorkers who died in the city, but I have yet to determine where they are buried.
The body of Zenea, the poet who loved Green-Wood and wished to be buried there, is not in the cemetery. In 1870 he was sent to Cuba by Aldama, allegedly to meet with the rebels and communicate a Spanish peace offer. Despite having a “safe passage” document issued by Madrid’s ambassador in Washington, he was imprisoned by the Spanish authorities and held in La Cabaña fortress in Havana, where he was eventually executed.
Every New Yorker has a story. The stories of some are deemed more important than the stories of others, but that is a matter of perspective. These stories are important to me because they are the stories of people who were born where I was born and who lived in the same city where I now live. Many are untold stories. Since I started researching their lives, these dead Cubans have been coming at me out of archives, records, and old newspapers, clamoring to have their New York stories told, especially since their stories are not usually found in the history books, historical markers, or exhibits about the city.
A parting note to the Museum of the City of New York: thank you for the exhibit, it is wonderful and I thoroughly enjoyed it. If by any chance you are thinking about an exhibit on Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, give me a call, I have a couple of dead Cubans for you.
Tagged Benjamin Guerra, Brooklyn, Carlota Mora, Cuban Americans, cuban history, Cuban War of Independence, Cubans in New York, Domingo Goicouria, Donald Albrecht, Félix Govín, Green-Wood cemetery, Hilaria Fonts, Jeffery Richman, Joaquin Angarica, Jose Angarica, Jose Maria Mora, Jose Mora, Jose Morales Lemus, Juan Clemente Zenea, Lisandro Perez, Luciana Govín, Miguel Aldama, Museum of the City of New York, Woodlawn Cemetery
May 11, 1873: A Death in Cuba and a New York Family
Posted on May 11, 2013 | 2 comments
One hundred and forty years ago today in the Jimaguayú savanna, Camagüey, a bullet pierced the skull of Mayor General Ignacio Agramonte y Loynaz. At just thirty-one years of age, Agramonte was arguably the most distinguished of all the military leaders of a war for the independence of Cuba that had been dragging on for almost five years, with no end in sight. The youthful Ignacio, scion of one of the oldest and most prominent of the traditional Camagüeyano families, was educated in Europe, earned a law degree from the University of Havana, and was an accomplished fencer. He was the principal author of the constitution of the government-in-arms established by the Cuban rebels.
Outflanked and surrounded by attacking Spanish troops, the fatal shot felled him from his horse and onto the tall grass, where his lifeless body lay abandoned until the enemy realized the prize they had netted and recovered it. The corpse was taken to the city of Camagüey, also known as Puerto Príncipe, Agramonte’s native town, paraded down the main street, and then summarily cremated. His family was not in Camagüey to mourn him. Ignacio and his cousin, Brigadier General Eduardo Agramonte y Piña, occupied such prominent roles in the insurrection that by 1871 their families had already left Puerto Príncipe, and Cuba, to avoid reprisals by the Spanish, especially by the fanatical paramilitary voluntarios.
The Agramonte family, like most exiles from the war, came to New York. The 1870 U.S. Census found Ignacio’s mother, María Filomena Loynaz, 46, a widow, living with her sister-in-law, Ignacio’s aunt and godmother, Mercedes Agramonte, 45, and with Ignacio’s brother, Enrique, 25, at 104 W. 20th Street, between Sixth and Seventh Avenues, in the Sixteenth Ward. There were also four teenagers in the household, nephews and nieces of María Filomena. In that household, Enrique was the most recent arrival from Cuba. He had been sent by his brother Ignacio after their father died in New York not long after the family arrived here.
Also in New York was the household headed by Dr. José Ramón Simoni, a sixty-year old physician enumerated in the 22nd Ward, on Sixth Avenue, just south of Central Park. Living with Dr. Simoni in New York were his wife Manuela, 50, their son José Ramón Jr., 22, and Manuela’s niece Victoria Ginferrer, 16. The household also included the Simonis’ two married daughters with their children.
Amalia Simoni
The oldest, Amalia, twenty-five years old, had an infant son, Ignacio Ernesto, and was pregnant with a second. She was married to Major General Ignacio Agramonte. The other daughter, Matilde, was twenty-four and had a two-year old son, Arístides. She was married to Brigadier General Eduardo Agramonte. Sisters in New York married to cousins who were in the Cuban battlefields.On February 20,1871, Amalia gives birth in New York to her (and Ignacio’s) daughter, Herminia, and the new baby and her brother are baptized in October of that year in Holy Cross Church on West 42nd Street.
More than two years after that baptism, the news of Ignacio’s death would reach the two families. Ignacio’s mother received the news in New York. At that time, the Simoni family was living in Mérida, Yucatán, where Dr. Simoni had taken the family to try to reestablish his medical practice. Ignacio Ernesto was four and Herminia two.
Eduardo Agramonte
Five months after Ignacio Agramonte’s death in 1873, Carlos del Castillo, who at the time was serving as a representative of the Cuban Republic in New York, received a letter from Dr. Simoni in Mérida, thanking del Castillo for sending him the official dispatch from General Manuel Sanguily that detailed the circumstances of the death of Ignacio. It was much appreciated by the widow, Simoni wrote. In a chilling postscript to the letter, Simoni requests from del Castillo the dispatch from the battle of San José del Chorrillo, which took place in 1872. “It is anxiously awaited by the widow of Eduardo Agramonte,” he wrote. Dr. Simoni found himself with two widowed daughters and three fatherless grandchildren.
Not long after the tragic news, Amalia and Matilde Simoni returned to New York from Mérida with their children. Amalia became a U.S. citizen on June 13, 1881, listing her occupation as “lady” and her address as 360 West 45th Street. Her son Ignacio Ernesto became a citizen much later in 1893 and listed his occupation as “civil engineer.”
Blanche Baralt, in her 1945 memoir of her youthful days in the New York of the 1880s and 1890s, remembers with affection the Simoni sisters and their children, noting especially the family’s joy on the graduation of Arístides, Matilde’s son, from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. Matilde remarried and had three more children, all girls.
Amalia Simoni, Ignacio’s widow, never remarried. She returned to live in Cuba in 1892, an event recorded in Patria by José Martí. After living in Camagüey for many years, she moved to Havana to live in El Vedado with her daughter Herminia and her grandchildren. She died there in 1918, 45 years after Ignacio’s death, and was buried in the Colón necropolis on January 24, declared by President Mario García Menocal as a national day of mourning.
Arístides Agramonte
At the burial, her nephew Arístides, by that time a well-established physician and an important actor in the joint U.S.-Cuba effort to eradicate yellow fever in Cuba,thanked the multitude assembled at the gravesite for “accompanying to this sacred place the mortal remains of the exemplary compañera of the bravest, most courageous and daring soldier of our liberties, the undiminished hero of Jimaguayú, Mayor General Ignacio Agramonte.”
Tagged Amalia Simoni, Aristides Agramonte, Battle of Jimaguayu, Camaguey, cuban history, Cuban War of Independence, Eduardo Agramonte, Ignacio Agramonte, Jose Ramon Simoni, Lisandro Perez, new york history
Havana in the 1950s: “If You See Something, Say Something”
Posted on May 3, 2013 | 5 comments
“If you see something, say something. If you see a suspicious package or activity on an MTA train or platform, do not keep it to yourself, alert the nearest MTA employee or police officer.”
For many people on the subway, the conductor’s announcement falls on deaf ears, like falling rain. But I listen to it. I get it.
As I viewed the photographs of the horrific bombing scenes in Boston, my attention was drawn to those pictures taken before the explosions which showed that the unattended backpacks apparently drew no suspicions from people standing in very close proximity to them. No doubt those people were distracted by the passing runners. But it may also be that Americans, for the most part, and perhaps less so New Yorkers, are not attuned psychically to the possibility of terrorism, that is, they do not instinctively assume, for example, that the unattended package they have suddenly encountered poses a real danger.
My reaction is different: I react immediately with suspicion to packages I see in public places. It was wired into my brain circuitry in the Havana of my childhood when an illegal and decrepit government clung to power and a revolutionary urban underground movement sought to depose it through violence in the streets. That Havana of the 1950s, where a Cuban boy could have his grade school class interrupted by the sound of gunfire, where photographs of bloodied dead bodies on both sides of the conflict showed up almost daily in the morning papers, where the presidential palace was militarily assaulted and dozens were killed, where the sound of distant gunfire broke the stillness of the night, where military trucks rumbled through residential neighborhoods, where people jumped at the sound of an engine backfire or of a ceremonial cannon fired from a historic fortress.
And it was a place and time where you learned to heed your parents’ admonition, repeated incessantly, like the MTA message, to stay alert and the hell away from any packages you might see on the street. One never forgets that, even after more than half a century. I love fireworks but not their sounds. I assume the worst when I hear firecrackers. And to this day, a lonely package in a public place can give me cause to pause. Only four days before the Boston bombings, I froze when I walked into my class and spied a small shopping bag that had been left in a corner of the classroom. Fortunately, it was open, so I forced myself to walk slowly towards it and peer in, without touching it. It was the detritus of someone’s breakfast.
I suspect I share this sensitivity (phobia, if you like), with many of my Cuban contemporaries. And I know share it with many people around the world who grew up in places and times in which bombings and shootings were part of their daily lives. The street violence of pre-revolutionary Havana, after all, was nothing compared with what many children have experienced, and continue to experience, in the Middle East and other regions with protracted and devastating conflicts.
That is not normal. It is not the way children should grow up. And that is not the way that children have grown up in the United States, a country that, despite 9/11, has not had to habituate itself to random acts of terrorism directed at innocent persons in public places; it has not had to internalize a hyper sensitivity to dangers in the streets.
What is normal is that in a crowd watching a marathon no one should have to worry about a stray package. But what is normal may be changing in this country. Let’s hope not. By far most of my childhood memories in Cuba are truly pleasant. I could, of course, do without those that are not.
Tagged Boston bombings, children and war, Havana in the 1950s, Lisandro Perez, struggle against Batista, suspicious packages, terrorism
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Vermont’s Northern Stage Turns Kids into Arts Enthusiasts
The professional theater company is bringing performance into public schools, students into the spotlight and profit into the community
Posted by Evan Malachosky
Read — Culture
“When you bring children into this space and give them fully professional support, it’s life-changing for them in a way that you just can’t do without the support of a theater like this,” theater company Northern Stage’s Director of Education Eric Love says. Northern Stage—which is situated just off Main Street in White River Junction, Vermont—was conceptualized by Brooke Ciardelli in 1997, but a 2013 restructuring turned it over to new leadership. The new mission aimed to revitalize the center for the local community and the thousands who see the shows they put on each year. Initially, they were borrowing space from a local venue, but since 2015 they’ve called the newly-built Barrette Center for the Arts home—a nearly nine million dollar endeavor that was propelled primarily by donations and post-build support from the Pussycat Foundation. “When I go to other theaters I think, ‘Oh wow, I forgot how good I had it,'” Love continues.
“We’re spending thousands of dollars on their set designs,” Love adds. “Where other theaters would be like, ‘They’re kids, they don’t need it. Just have fun.’ But my motto is, ‘It’s more fun to do great work than it is to have fun.'” Love’s motto is consistent with the Northern Stage’s efforts. Wherein most programs for children expect mishaps and short attention spans, Northern Stage works diligently on multiple fronts to captivate children and to turn them into lifelong arts enthusiasts.
Northern Stage—through their BridgeUP program—brings in union actors, teachers, choreographers and more professionals (this school year they had 16) from New York City and beyond to mentor fourth graders from nine different Vermont and New Hampshire public schools. In a period dedicated solely to this program, kids are introduced to the arts—and there’s no opting out. They are closely instructed from the first introductory class to the moment they’re asked to audition.
“Our mission is to change lives one story at a time, and we actually live and breathe that in everything we do,” Ruby Summers, Northern Stage’s Director of Sales and Marketing, says. “Truly, the kids’ lives are changed. There are students who have not spoken practically all year, and hide in a corner, and all of sudden they’re on stage and performing in front of their friends and family.” The program also enlists students for production roles like prop management and lighting.
“We did this program before we had any official financial assistance from any foundation,” Summers adds. That alone is evidence of the staff’s intentions. From the people responsible for spending thousands of dollars on set designs to the hired teachers and assistants, their primary focus is to present the arts at the highest level.
“What we’re finding is, even with a building as beautiful as this, people go, ‘That’s not for me. I don’t know what theater is, but it’s not for me,'” Love says. “So going to the schools, catching kids before they’ve made decisions about what they want to do, suddenly they blossom and are opened up [to the arts].”
While hundreds of fourth graders are now introduced to their program yearly, this wasn’t always the case. “Northern Stage grew pretty massively, pretty quickly,” Summers explains. “About six years ago, the company was on the edge of financial collapse. The board brought in a whole new leadership team—a new producing artistic director, a new managing director—to try to bring the company back to life. Now we have over 30,000 people visiting White River Junction each year.”
Summers is humble about their efforts, but the company’s growth cannot be understated. From the expansion of their in-school education program to the overflowing list of scheduled shows, it all seems to be paying off—the kids, teachers, auxiliary staff and local community reap the benefits.
“When I started here five or so years ago, White River Junction had one or two restaurants you could maybe go to in the evening,” Summers says. “There were definitely stores but some of the shops were empty. And then all of a sudden it had this rebirth; though Northern Stage is not the whole reason for that, it’s definitely part of it. We try to support our community where we can: we shop for the food for our teachers and kids right down the street at the co-op; our staff almost entirely lives within White River Junction and we have a master lease on about 30 apartments right down the way. Part of the visiting staff’s compensation is living locally. And of course they shop, eat, and participate in the activities around town.”
On the afternoon we stopped by White River Junction, we bounced from store to store, dined at a local restaurant and competed with other visitors for the few parking spots the quaint city offers. In our short time we also learned that, as Summers insists, Northern Stage isn’t solely responsible for this city’s resurgence, but it’s difficult to imagine the setting without it.
Images by Evan Malachosky
Evan Malachosky
Evan Malachosky is the Assistant Editor at COOL HUNTING. He's a city-dweller, an observer and an insatiable eater/drinker. He covers technology, travel, music, cannabis, design, food and beverage, and more. Evan received the 2020 Media Trailblazer award from the Consumer Technology Association. He is also a member of the American Society of Magazine Editors' early-career journalist organization, ASME Next.
View all posts by Evan Malachosky View posts
Categories Posted in CultureTags Arts Education, Educational Programs, Musical Theater, Northern Stage, performing arts, Public Schools, Theater, Theatre, Vermont, White River Junction
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