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Automobile Structure
Automobile Structureoverview
Overviewvehicle structure
Automobile struture. Overview
Automobile, byname machine, conjointly known as car or automobile, a sometimes machine vehicle designed primarily for traveller transportation associate degreed usually propelled by an ICE employing a volatile fuel.
Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical system.
An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. A sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment. The design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods. A sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof. There are soft-top versions of the same body design except for having 2 doors, and these are commonly referred to as convertibles.
The utility or pick-up carries goods. Usually it has stronger chassis components and suspension than a sedan to support greater gross vehicle mass.
Light vehicle vans can be based on common sedan designs or redesigns so that maximum cargo space is available.
The bodies of commercial vehicles that transport goods are designed for that specific purpose. Tankers transport fluids, tippers carry earth or bulk grains, flatbeds and vans are used for general goods transport.
Buses and coaches are usually 4-wheel rigid vehicles, but a large number of wheels and axles can be used. Sometimes articulated buses are used to increase capacity. Buses and coaches can be single-deck or double deck. Buses are commonly used in cities as commuter transports while coaches are more luxurious used for long distances.
The engine acts as power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common; this obtains it’s power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train.
The way engine cylinders are arranged is called the engine configuration. In-line engines have the cylinders in a line. This design creates a simply cast engine block. In Vehicle applications, the number of cylinders is normally from 2 up to 6. Usually, the cylinders are vertical. As the number of the cylinders increases, the length of the block and crankshaft can become a problem. One way to avoid this is with a V configuration. This design makes the engine block and crankshaft shorter and more rigid.
An engine located at the front can be mounted longitudinally and can drive either the front or the rear wheels. Rear engine vehicles have the engine mounted behind the rear wheels. The engine can be transverse or longitudinal and usually drives the rear wheels only.
The chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating parts of a vehicle. The chassis includes the power train, steering, suspension, and braking systems.
Power train system conveys the drive to the wheels. The power train transfers turning effort from the engine to the driving wheels. A power train can include a clutch for manual transmission or a torque converter for automatic transmission, a transmission, a drive shaft, final drive and differential gears and driving axles. Alternatively, a transaxle may be used. A transaxle is a self- contained unit with a transmission, final drive gears and differential located in one casing.
Steering system controls the direction of the moments. The directional motion of vehicle is controlled by a steering system. A basic steering system has 3 main parts: a steering box connected to the steering wheel, the linkage connecting the steering box to the wheel assembly at the front wheels and front suspension parts to let the wheel assembly pivot. When the drive turns the steering wheel, a shaft from the steering column turns the steering gear. The steering gear moves tie-rods that connect to the front wheels. The tie-rods move the front wheels to turn the vehicle right or left.
Suspension and wheels absorb the road shocks. The purpose of the complete suspension system is to isolate the vehicle body from road shocks and vibrations, which will otherwise be transferred to the passengers and load. It must also keep the tires in contact with the road regardless of road surface. A basic suspension system consists of springs, axles, shock absorbers, arms, rods and ball joints.
Brake slows down the vehicles. Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brakes shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. On light vehicles, both of these systems are hydraulically operated. The brake pedal operates a master cylinder. Hydraulic lines and hoses connect the master cylinder to brake cylinders at the wheels. Most modern light vehicles have either disc brakes on the front wheels and drum brakes on the rear or disc brakes on all 4 wheel. Disc brakes require greater forces to operate them. A brake booster assists the driver by increasing the force applied to the master cylinder when the brake is operated.
The electrical system supplies electricity for the starter, ignition, lights and heater. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit.
Automobile Electrical System
Charging. The charging system provides electrical energy for all the electrical components on the vehicle. The main parts of the charging system includes: the battery, the alternator, the voltage regulator which is usually integral to the alternator, a charging warning or indicator light and wiring that complete the circuits. The battery provides electrical energy for starting, then once the engine is running, the alternator supplies all the electrical components of the vehicle. It also charges the battery to replace the energy used to start the engine. The voltage regulator prevents overcharging.
Starting. The starting system consists of the battery, cables, starter motor, flywheel ring gear and the ignition switch. During starting, two actions occur. The pinion of the starter motor engages with the flywheel ring gear and the starter motor then operates to crank the engine. The starter motor is an electrical motor mounted on the engine block and operated from the battery.
Ignition. A basic ignition system consists of the battery, low-tension cables, the ignition coil, distributor, coil high-tension cable, spark plug cables and spark plugs. The ignition system provides high intense sparks to spark plugs to ignite the fuel charges in the combustion chambers. The sparks must be supplied at the right time and they must have sufficient energy over a range of conditions to ignite the charges. The energy comes from the battery and alternator, and voltage is increased by the ignition coil. The system has two circuits. The primary or low-tension circuit initiates the spark. The secondary or high-tension circuit produces the high voltage and distributes it to the spark plugs.
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Shocking Moment Two Stowaways Are Hauled Off The Back Of Lorry By Police On The
Your Blog » Shocking Moment Two Stowaways Are Hauled Off The Back Of Lorry By Police On The
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Sort your authorization letter rather than writing it by hand. A handwritten letter could be challenging to read and is not as professional in look as a typed letter. The authorization letter is an crucial document authorizing somebody to hold your legal or monetary powers for you. It must be ready to meet scrutiny. If somebody else close to you desires to dispute the authority of the letter holder, the document may possibly be used as evidence in a court of law.Most of these polled agreed that illegal immigrants ought to sooner or later be allowed to apply to turn into American citizens. But 59 % mentioned illegal immigrants need to be deemed for citizenship only soon after legal immigrants who have played by the rules.Other reforms focus on generating it harder for illegal immigrants to perform in their host countries. These reforms consist of tighter border security as nicely as harsher punishments for illegal immigrants and their employers. Uncover out how extended it will take to become a citizen by investment. This path to citizenship can take a extended time, so investigation the quantity of time that it will take you to grow to be a citizen prior to you decide to invest.Most U.S. National Park Service Rangers are GS-5s or GS-7s on the general schedule civil service pay scale. That equates to $28,000-45,000 a year complete-time. Nevertheless, most rangers are either seasonal (temporary employees) or topic to furlough, so they are not employed year round. Seasonal position employment tends to final about 26 weeks.The president has stated on numerous occasions that it tends to make no sense to expend our enforcement resources on low-priority instances, such as individuals" who were brought to this country as young children and know no other house, Ms. Napolitano stated in a letter to Mr. Durbin.This is a country that prides itself as 1 founded and built by immigrants, but also 1 whose laws and policies have historically been anti-immigrant. Ask the Chinese. Talk to the Irish. You have to apply for citizenship inside Canada. Wills let folks to state personal preferences for items they would like to be organized after their deaths. It is a legal document.The large story here is just the enormous misperception about the nature of immigration in the U.S.," said Edward Alden, senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, louveniafree.soup.io who specializes in immigration policy. click the next internet page lion's share of public interest is focused on what is now a extremely tiny quantity of men and women coming here illegally and showing up at the border searching for asylum.In its most current publication, the ONS stated that 59 per cent of a 392,000 year-on-year rise from 2016 to 2017 occurred due to net migration. It attributes the remainder to the excess of births over deaths as folks reside longer. America's immigration laws vs. America's folks.Yes. There is no quick-cut for an American to move to Canada. As an American, you can go to for up to 6 months without a visa, but you will not be capable to legally perform while you are there. To permanently move to Canada, you have to do so legally or danger deportation. If you liked this information and you would certainly like to receive even more info concerning click the next internet page kindly see the web-site. A couple of methods you can do that are to get a student or work visa, or grow to be a permanent resident.The move could force millions of poor immigrants who rely on public help for meals and shelter to make a tough selection between accepting monetary aid and in search of a green card to reside and perform legally in the United States. Accordingly, you need to wait to sign the letter until you appear just before the notary public. Be sure to bring enough individual identification. A valid driver's license or passport ought to be sufficient.In the United States, just before you take a trip down the aisle, you should 1st make a pit quit at the courthouse or the vital records workplace (in the area where you are getting married) to get a marriage license. If you are married or have lived collectively extended adequate for her to be regarded as a typical law wife, you can simply nominate her for permanent residency by way of a family sponsorship. However, if neither of these apply, she will have to locate a job in Canada in order to immigrate.ICE instruction is an intensive academy where simple law enforcement capabilities and immigration-certain knowledge are taught. You will understand, amongst other items, how to use a firearm, how to conduct searches, and the legal elements of a variety of immigration problems.If you require a new Social Safety number due to click the next internet page fact you share it with an additional person, other evidence is necessary. Turn in any supplies you have that show that your quantity is a duplicate. This includes any pictures you have of each your and the other social safety card, or the name of the particular person who has the identical quantity as you.For example, the United States and Suggested Online site Belgium grant citizenship soon after five years of holding a resident permit of this kind. Even so, Malta (whose minimum investment requirement is EUR 1 million) grants citizenship following only 1 year. The authorities said the man was in the nation illegally, but his lawyer disputed that claim on Wednesday.
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The Brian Buffini Show
Exploring the mindsets, motivation and methodologies behind success.
Now displaying: December, 2017
Lasso the Moon #082 0
“Everything you’ve done up until now will help you get to where you need to go.” — Brian Buffini
We all have dreams—things we want to achieve or accomplish that will make our lives and the lives of our families better. Many of us, though, lose sight of our dreams for a variety of reasons. In this episode, recorded at Buffini & Company’s MasterMind Summit 2017, Brian Buffini shares the power of dreams. He illustrates his case using the example of legendary American actor, Jimmy Stewart, who dreamed of building airplanes, and eventually, was able to fly in combat during World War II. You’ll learn the five benefits of having a dream and the most common reasons people abandon their dreams. Most importantly, by the end of the episode, you’ll be inspired to reclaim your dreams and devise a way to make them a reality.
Inspirational quotes from today’s interview:
“I’ve never known a man worth his salt who, in the long run, deep down in his heart, didn’t appreciate the grind, the discipline.” — Vince Lombardi
“The world is big and I want to have a good look at it before it gets dark.” -John Muir
“If we all did things we are capable of, we would astound ourselves.” -Thomas Edison
“When you develop yourself to the point where your belief in yourself is so strong that you know that you can accomplish anything you put your mind to, your future will be unlimited.” — Brian Tracy
“Your tomorrow builds upon today.” –Joe Niego
“You have acres of diamonds beneath your feet.” — Brian Buffini
“You don’t have to swing hard to hit a home run. If you got the timing, it’ll go.” — Yogi Berra
“The true soldier fights not because he hates what is in front of him, but because he loves what is behind him.” — GK Chesterton
“I’ve had a wonderful life. I thank God for it.” — Jimmy Stewart
Connect with Brian Buffini
http://www.brianbuffini.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/brianbuffini
Twitter: https://twitter.com/brianbuffini
Buffini Show Insiders: http://www.thebrianbuffinishow.com/insiders
Love what you heard? Share it with your friends! http://bit.ly/BrianBuffiniShow
Click here to buy our Podcast theme music, “The Cliffs of Moher” by Brogue Wave.
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Wake Up and Live #081 2
“The deeper you dig, the larger the diamond.” — Brian Buffini
The foundation of the personal development field rests upon the work of several people. Although Napoleon Hill is often seen as the grandfather of the movement, Earl Nightingale, Maxwell Maltz and Dorothea Brande have all make their mark in their own ways. In this episode, recorded at Buffini & Company’s MasterMind Summit 2017, Brian Buffini outlines the most important pearls of wisdom from these three influential thinkers. Not only does he share more about their lives, he also explains the meaning behind their timeless wisdom. You’ll learn more about the role our thoughts play in what we become, why failure shouldn’t be feared and why success is often a matter of imagination.
You’ll also learn more about the twelve disciplines Dorothea Brande outlines to become successful.
“The mind moves in the direction of our currently dominant thoughts.” — Earl Nightingale
“Our attitude towards life determines life’s attitude towards us.” — Earl Nightingale
“Everything begins with an idea.” — Earl Nightingale
“People with goals succeed because they know where they’re going.” — Earl Nightingale
“Whatever we plant in our subconscious and nurture with repetition and emotion will one day become reality.” — Earl Nightingale
“Self-image sets the boundaries of individual accomplishment.” — Maxwell Maltz
“To change a habit, make a conscious decision, then act out the new behavior.” — Maxwell Maltz
“You make mistakes. Mistakes don’t make you.” — Maxwell Maltz
“You can’t be afraid to fail.” — Brian Buffini
“All that is necessary to break the spell of inertia and frustration is this: act as if it were impossible to fail. That is the talisman, the formula, the command of right about face.” — Dorothea Brande
“Old habits are strong and jealous.” — Dorothea Brande
“Act boldly and unseen forces will come to your aid.” — Dorothea Brande
“Success leaves clues and it’s the same thing every time.” — Brian Buffini
“Man’s mind is not a container to be filled but rather a fire to be kindled.” — Dorothea Brande
“By going over your day in imagination before you begin, you can begin acting successfully at any moment.” — Dorothea Brande
Mentioned in the episode:
7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey
The Strangest Secret by Earl Nightingale
Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill
Psycho-Cybernetics by Maxwell Maltz
Wake up and Live! A Formula for Success by Dorothea Brande
It is a Wonderful Life #080 1
“Everything you need is underneath your nose. It’s also in your head and your heart.” — Brian Buffini
The Frank Capra film It’s a Wonderful Life is more than a feel-good holiday classic starring Hollywood icon Jimmy Stewart; it’s main intention is to offer a heaping dose of encouragement to those who are feeling discouraged. In this episode, recorded at Buffini & Company’s MasterMind Summit 2017, Brian Buffini delves into what causes us to feel discouraged from time to time and reveals five encouraging ways to change your perspective and make your life wonderful. You’ll learn how comfort and our society foster feelings of entitlement, the common symptoms of discouragement and the tools you can use to feel more encouraged and optimistic about life. ‘Tis the season for gratitude and reflection; this episode will help you appreciate what you have and encourage you to find your purpose.
“The purpose of the movie It’s a Wonderful Life is to encourage the discouraged.” — Brian Buffini
“Failure is an event, not a person.” — Zig Ziglar
“Every life was designed to do something.” — Brian Buffini
“Life moves pretty fast. If you don’t stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it.” — Ferris Bueller
“Happiness doesn’t come as a result of getting something we don’t have, but rather of recognizing and appreciating what we do have.” — Frederick Koenig
“We’ve become a culture that’s addicted to comfort and with that comfort comes a sense of entitlement.” — Brian Buffini
“When a person can’t find a deep sense of meaning, they distract themselves with pleasure.” — Viktor Frankl
“You cannot escape the responsibility of tomorrow by evading it today.” — Abraham Lincoln
“If you are depressed, you are living in the past. If you are anxious, you are living in the future. If you are at peace, you are living in the present.” — Lao Tzu
“The world is nothing but a great desire to live and a great dissatisfaction with living.” — Heraclitus
“Everything you complain about is something you think you’re entitled to.” — Brian Buffini
“Complaining about a problem without posing a solution is called whining.” — Theodore Roosevelt
“We think very little of time present; we anticipate the future, as being too slow, and with a view to hasten it onward, we recall the past to stay it as too swiftly gone. We are so thoughtless, that we thus wander through the hours which are not here, regardless only of the moment that is actually our own.” — Blaise Pascal
“Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind…” –Romans 12:2
“Renewing your mind is not refreshing your screen.” — Brian Buffini
“A gentle answer turns away wrath but a harsh word stirs up anger.” — Proverbs 15:1
“Diamond minds; soft hearts.” — Brian Buffini
“It’s a recession when your neighbor loses his job; it’s a depression when you lose yours.” — Harry S. Truman
“Values are like fingerprints. Nobody’s are the same, but you leave them all over everything you do.”-Elvis Presley
“When you get to the end of yourself, it’s good to have something to believe in.” — Brian Buffini
“The more you dig, the bigger the diamonds.” — Brian Buffini
“Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things, and no good thing ever dies.” — from The Shawshank Redemption
“Money will buy you a fine dog, but only love can make it wag its tail.” — Richard Friedman
“When you get exposure, your world gets bigger.” — Brian Buffini
“As we express our gratitude, we must never forget that the highest appreciation is not to utter words, but to live by them.” — John F. Kennedy
“Do all the good you can, by all the means you can, in all the ways you can, in all the places you can, at all the times you can, to all the people you can, as long as ever you can.” — John Wesley
The Greatest Gift by Philip Van Doren Stern
How to Win the Brain Game with Dr. David Levy #079 1
“In the moment, you’ve got to keep breathing.” — Dr. David Levy
Many people feel stressed and burned out from time to time. Our fast-paced, tech-driven culture makes it difficult to relax and unwind at the end of the day. And, although the holiday season is filled with joy and fun, it’s also one of the most stressful times of the year. Between tying up loose ends before the end of the year at work, planning holiday parties and traveling to visit family and friends, it can leave people feeling frazzled and on-edge. In this Takeover Tuesday episode, Dermot Buffini talks to Dr. David Levy, neurosurgeon and bestselling author of “Gray Matter: A Neurosurgeon Discovers the Power of Prayer…One Patient at a Time.” Dr. Levy discusses why he became a cerebrovascular surgeon and explains the effects of stress on the brain. You’ll learn why stress turns adults into fiery two-year-olds, the impact our phones and technology have on our brains and stress levels, and why breathing is the ultimate stress buster. Dr. Levy shares his tips for eliminating stress and finding calm in our daily lives and also offers great advice for enhancing relationships with our loved ones that we all can use during this festive season. Turn off your smartphone’s notifications, take a few deep breaths and let Dr. Levy help you tackle stress more effectively.
“I’ve always been driven to do the most difficult thing.” — Dr. David Levy
“Confidence helps you know you can do it; you know you can figure it out.” — Dr. David Levy
“We’re unaware of how much stress we’re under.” — Dermot Buffini
“When you’re under stress, you want something but you can’t have it; you have to exert your self-control.” — Dr. David Levy
“Be aware of what’s going on in your body and take a few moments to breathe.” — Dr. David Levy
“Long-term living under stress shrinks parts of your brain.” — Dr. David Levy
“The behavioral problems have to do with the fact that we have poor relationships. We’re not handling things as well as we think so we become overstimulated.” — Dr. David Levy
“The brain needs stimulation, but it also needs the quiet.” — Dr. David Levy
“Everyone wants attention and they’re looking for attention from the important people.” — Dr. David Levy
“The reason you have stress, ultimately, is because whatever you’re stressed about means something to you. It’s important that your will works out in that situation.” — Dr. David Levy
“People can’t give you what they don’t have.” — Dr. David Levy
“When we measure grace to our parents, we don’t have to live in shame and guilt anymore.” — Dr. David Levy
“Forgiveness is not saying it didn’t matter; it’s saying I’m not going to look to them to pay that debt anymore.” — Dr. David Levy
“Know your motivations. If you know your motivations, it makes you wise.” — Dr. David Levy
Gray Matter: A Neurosurgeon Discovers the Power of Prayer…One Patient at a Time by Dr. David Levy
Dr. David Levy website: http://drdlevy.com/
Wild at Heart by John Eldredge
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News + Books
Bernadette Jiyong Frank
Time Shadow
July 9 — August 29, 2020
Migrant (Burgundy), 2020 | Oil and acrylic on panel | 48 x 36 inches
Dolby Chadwick Gallery is pleased to announce Time Shadow, an exhibition of recent work by Bernadette Jiyong Frank. Her highly layered compositions are notable for their striking geometric abstraction, effecting a multidimensionality that is both solid and ethereal. Though they exhibit strong formal parallels to natural phenomena, her paintings also move beyond the visual realm to one that can only be experienced with eyes closed.
At the heart of each of Frank’s paintings is the Japanese concept of Ma, which is the space or pause between events, moments, forms, and thoughts. It can be felt, for example, at the bottom of a bow or in the silences that are common in Japanese conversation. These ostensibly empty intervals are in fact full—of energy, meaning, or agreement. Ma is also central to many Japanese art forms, including ikebana (flower arranging) and Noh theater. It likewise serves as the basis for Frank’s paintings, which are built up from hundreds of layers of paint. But rather than the layers themselves, it is the space in between the layers, Frank notes, that gives the works their depth and allows them to be experienced both visually and viscerally. The final paintings produce a sense of transcendence, asking us to consider how the edges of our lives—those areas adjacent to wherever we are, physically or emotionally—might be charged with an energy, potentiality, or resonance.
Frank’s Spaces in Between series features precise forms that fan open and close, like the scattered beams of searchlights as they whirl and rake through the sky. These beams are often concentrated in the center of the compositions, where they intersect to create hourglass-like shapes. Other times, their arrangement is more diffuse, crisscrossing in elegant patterns of syncopation that result in crystalline structures. Her series Refraction uses light in a similar way, though to different ends. Frank explores refractivity in these works, using her own language to capture the optical play of light rays deflecting and transforming as they interact with their environment. The remarkable depth conjured by paintings from both series is a product of their inherent Ma, which Frank achieves through her rigorous and time-consuming process. Each layer represents a single day, as Frank has to allow the medium to dry between applications. By emphasizing deep, ponderous blues, greens, and purples, her color palette aids the contemplative, almost mysterious mood unleashed by what can be viewed as renderings of time.
3D Tour of Time Shadow
Self-portraiture is her point of departure in her newest series, Migrant. Though Korean, Frank grew up in Japan before moving to California at the age of thirteen; as an adult, she lived in Germany before moving back to the United States. Her story is one of displacement and movement, of never feeling fully rooted in one land. This is reflected in the shifting motion of the rectangular shapes, which glimmer as they expand and reshuffle, moving back and forth in an unbroken dance. At the same time, the rectangular shape—a robust, solid form—signifies the strength of the individual. Unlike Spaces in Between and Refraction, which primarily feature white paint mixed with one color to create a range of values, Migrant utilizes multiple colors to expand a composition’s valency and enhance its depth. These paintings manifest a hypnotizing, Rothko-like energy, while also demonstrating Frank’s emphatic engagement with the passage of time and the interceding moments that shape our world.
Bernadette Jiyong Frank was born into a Korean family in Tokyo, Japan, in 1964. She moved to the San Francisco Bay Area as a young teenager and then to Los Angeles, where she later studied at the Otis Art Institute of Parson School of Design and the nearby Art Center College of Design in Pasadena. Her work has been exhibited across the United States and Germany and has been acquired by the Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento. This is her second solo exhibition at the Dolby Chadwick Gallery.
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Home Jerry's Blog Jefferson Supports Evangelical Minister, Rev. Charles Clay
Jefferson Supports Evangelical Minister, Rev. Charles Clay
Jerry Newcombe August 26, 2016 August 26, 2016 Jerry's Blog
[File photo by Jerry Newcombe, to symbolize church]
Contrary to historical revisionism, the serious doubts of core Christian doctrines that Jefferson entertained later in life should not be used to define him for his entire life. In previous blogs, we’ve noted that Jefferson, as a layman, helped create an evangelical church.
In addition to the Subscription Jefferson wrote, which was the charter for the creation of the church, which called an evangelical minister, Rev. Charles Clay, Jefferson also wrote the
“Subscription to Support a Clerk of the Congregation in Charlottesville.” This document states:
“We the Subscribers agree to pay on the 25th day of December in the present year 1777 and so on the 25th day of December annually in every year after till we shall notify the contrary in writing to the Wardens for our Congregation, the sums affixed to our respective names, to such person or persons as by a majority of our Congregation, to be called together by the wardens for that purpose, shall from time to time be appointed to the office of clerk for the said Congregation, to assist the reverend Charles Clay in (____) performing divine service whenever he shall attend at Charlottesville for that purpose.”
On that document Jefferson’s name is followed by John Harvie, Randolph Jefferson, and Peter Marks. The fact that Jefferson voluntarily helped create and support a “Calvinistical Reformed” congregation that he cited as “our church” and whose pastor was Charles Clay, is one of the strongest indicators of the faith and religious preferences of Jefferson at this time in his life.
Our book contains for the first time in print a sermon from Rev. Charles Clay. The book actually contains two sermons by Clay. What type of ministry did Jefferson, as a layman, support through his own money and efforts as a layman? An evangelical one.
Jefferson Once Wrote up the Agreement for Establishing an Evangelical Church
A Portion of a Sermon Jefferson Helped Support
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Talmage (Family : 1888- : Talmage, James E. (James Edward), 1862-1933)
Existence: 1888-
The Talmage family (1888- ) were Mormon educators in Utah.
The James Edward Talmage (1862-1933) and Merry May Booth (1868-1944) family began with their marriage on June 14, 1888 in Manti, Utah. James E. Talmage was an educator, scientist, author, and Apostle. May Booth Talmage was an educator, suffragate, writer, editor, and mother.
The James Edward Talmage (1862-1933) and Merry May Booth (1868-1944) family began with their marriage on June 14, 1888 in Manti, Utah. They had eight children together, including Sterling, Paul, Zella (died as an infant), Elsie, James Karl, Lucile, Helen, and John. The family resided primarily in Salt Lake City, Utah.
James E. Talmage was an educator, teaching at Brigham Young Academy, LDS College, and the University of Utah. He was a world-reknowned scientist in geology, an acclaimed orator and lecturer in the sciences and Mormon religion, and authored several books on Mormon doctrine. In 1911, Talmage was called to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and he presided over the European Mission from 1925-1928.
May Booth Talmage was a teacher, but spent most her time after marriage being a mother. However, she was also heavily involved in the Young Woman Mutual Improvement Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and was an active suffragate. She wrote poetry and literature, and served briefly as editor of the "Young Woman's Journal."
UPB file, Oct. 12, 2016 (The James Edward Talmage (1862-1933) and Merry May Booth (1868-1944) were married on June 14, 1888 in Manti, Utah; James E. Talmage was an educator, scientist, author, and Apostle; May Booth Talmage was an educator, suffragate, writer, editor, and mother; had eight children together, including Sterling, Paul, Zella (died as an infant), Elsie, James Karl, Lucile, Helen, and John; the family resided primarily in Salt Lake City, Utah; James E. Talmage was an educator, teaching at Brigham Young Academy, LDS College, and the University of Utah; he was a world-reknowned scientist in geology, an acclamied orator and lecturer in the sciences and LDS religion, and authored several books on LDS doctrine; in 1911, Talmage was called to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and he presided over the European Mission from 1925-1928; May Booth Talmage was a teacher, but spent most her time after marriage being a mother; she was also heavily involved in the Young Woman Mutual Improvement Association of the LDS Church, and was an active suffragate; she wrote poetry and literature, and served briefly as editor of the "Young Woman's Journal")
James and May Booth Talmage family stories and recollections
Content Description A collection of stories and recollections about James and May Booth Talmage. Includes copies of signed letters from James E. Talmage to his granddaughters, both typed and handwritten from 1929-1933; and, memories of May and James Talmage by their granddaughters. Also includes a transcription of an interview with John R. Talmage by Shannon Howells prior to John's death in 2001, where he shares biographical information and memories of his parents. Also includes a typescript of an article about...
Found in: L. Tom Perry Special Collections / James and May Booth Talmage family stories and recollections
More about 'Talmage (Family : 1888- : Talmage, James E. (James Edward), 1862-1933)'
Associative Relationship
Talmage, James E. (James Edward), 1862-1933 (Associative with Related, Person)
Talmage, Merry May Booth, 1868-1944 (Associative with Related, Person)
Subject: Letters X
Subject: Reminiscences X
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You are here:Home-Uncategorized-Romelu Lukaku Admits He Did Not Lay a Finger on Chelsea's 2012 UCL Trophy & Why He Will Never Forgive Villas-Boas
Romelu Lukaku Admits He Did Not Lay a Finger on Chelsea's 2012 UCL Trophy & Why He Will Never Forgive Villas-Boas
Former Manchester United and current Inter Milan striker, Romelu Lukaku has opened up on the difficulties he endured during a spell with Chelsea, early on his career, with the Belgian going on to state that he did not “touch” the Champions League trophy that they won in 2012.
Lukaku spent the 2011/12 season at Stamford Bridge and despite going on to win their maiden Champions League trophy, he did not play any part in that triumph after having been left out of the UCL squad list by previous manager, Andre Villas-Boas.
The 27-year-old though went on to hail Roberto Di Matteo who made sure that the striker felt part of the group, despite not being in the squad.
STANDARD Ex-Chelsea striker Romelu Lukaku reveals why he will ‘never forgive’ former boss Andre Villas-Boas Romelu Lukaku insists has not forgiven former Chelsea boss Andre Villas-Boas for the way he was treated at Stamford Bridge. https://t.co/lYO1mu3B3z
— Chelsea FC RSS Feeds (@CFCrss) May 21, 2020
“Di Matteo told me that I would stay with the group until after the final. He thought everyone should come along, including the ones who were suspended and the few boys who were not in the Champions League squad. I am also grateful to him for that,” he said to HLN.
“I didn’t touch it with a finger. Because I didn’t win this trophy myself. This has been the case since I was 11. if I have not contributed anything, it is not my trophy. Only if you have contributed to a cup or a title yourself, you can also show it off.”
The striker though wasn’t happy with the way Villas-Boas treated him, claiming that he will never forgive him for the way he was used on the pitch.
“I am happy for the whole club, but there is one man who took a lot from me: the previous trainer (Villas-Boas). I will never forgive him for that. Once I had to play in the front left, another time in the front right. You don’t develop that way. Then at some point you have to think about yourself. So I told the club what I thought of it. I know Villas-Boas was also under pressure, but that’s why he didn’t have to treat me like that.
“Di Matteo approached me completely differently, he immediately involved me in everything. That should have been much earlier. Really, I never forgave the previous coach.”
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Refuge Chapel
Waingroves, Ripley, Waingroves Methodist Church
Codnor, Wright Street Methodist Chapel (Demolished)
Codnor, Codnor Methodist Church
Codnor, Heanor Road Methodist Chapel (Demolished)
Codnor, Bethesda Methodist Chapel
Codnor, St James's Church (Crosshill Church)
Codnor, Cross Hill Cemetery
Codnor, Christian Science Church
Ripley, Henry Wright Memorial Mission Church (Demolished)
Codnor, Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses
Ripley, Ripley Cemetery
Marehay, Ripley, St John's Church (now Springs Christian Centre)
Refuge Chapel, Waingroves, Ripley
Refuge Chapel [no longer registered]
Church Street,
Waingroves, Ripley, Derbyshire.
We believe the Chapel did NOT have a graveyard.
This Place of Worship was founded before 1880, though it is now closed, but we don't yet know when, and the premises are now in secular use.
This is, or was, quite a plain chapel, with a three bay front, and two tall round-arched windows on either side of a central round-arched doorway, surrounded by a projecting panel, too narrow to be called a porch. The sides, so far as it is possible to tell, are of 3 bays, but with apparently some alteration, possibly taking place after it was sold and converted into a private residence.
It looks like there was a plaque in the gable before conversion, but this had been plastered over. However the masonry forming the arches above the front windows is inscribed (on the left) with "Restored & Enlarged 1880", and on the right "Sunday School Centenary 1980". I do not know why it was called a "Refuge Chapel".
Waingroves was, at the time of Kelly's Directory of 1932, in the Codnor postal delivery area, but "for all civil purposes was annexed to Ripley under the Divided Parishes Act, in 1888".
Now or formerly Free/United Methodist.
This Chapel was located at OS grid reference SK4127149292. You can see this on various mapping systems. Note all links open in a new window:
Refuge Chapel, Waingroves, Ripley shown on a Google Map.
Places of Worship in Ripley shown on a Google Map.
Information last updated on 12 Nov 2013 at 11:19.
Please also remember that the former Refuge Chapel is understood to be in secular use, so care should be taken to preserve the privacy of its occupants.
This Report was created 2 Jan 2021 - 21:34:42 GMT from information held in the Derbyshire section of the Places of Worship Database. This was last updated on 6 Feb 2019 at 15:49.
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Search the Kids Internet
Encyclopedia > 1992 Summer Olympics
See also: 1992 Summer Paralympics[?]
The Games of the XXV Olympiad were held in 1992 in Barcelona, Spain. The hometown of IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch was selected over Amsterdam, Belgrade, Birmingham, Brisbane and Paris.
Games of the XXV Olympiad
Nations participating 169
Athletes participating 9,367 (6,659 men, 2,708 women)
Events 257 in 28 sports
Opening ceremonies July 25, 1992
Closing ceremonies August 9, 1992
Officially opened by Juan Carlos I of Spain
Athlete's Oath Luis Doreste Blanco[?]
Judge's Oath: Eugeni Asensio[?]
Olympic Torch Antonio Rebollo[?]
2 Medals Awarded
3 Medal Count
4.1 Internal Links
4.3 Bibliography
(to be expanded to a day-by-day article)
Paralympic archer Antonio Rebollo lights the Olympic Flame by shooting an arrow into the cauldron.
In basketball, the admittance of professional players leads to the American Dream Team - probably the best team ever, with players like Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson and Larry Bird. They win the gold medal with great ease.
For the first time since 1960, South Africa is allowed to participate in the Olympics. White South African runner Elana Meyer[?] and black Ethiopian runner Derartu Tulu[?] fight out a great battle in the 10,000 m (won by Tulu) and then run their lap of honour hand in hand.
As the Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991, the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania participate with their own teams for the first time since 1936. The other Soviet republics take part in the Unified Team.
The break up of Yugoslavia leads to the debuts Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia Hercegovina[?]. Yugoslav athletes are not allowed to participate with their own team, but may compete under the Olympic flag as Independent Olympic Participants.
In gymnastics, Vitali Shcherbo[?] from Belarus wins no less than six gold medals, including four on a single day.
In the diving competitions, held in the view of the Sagrada Familia, Fu Mingxia[?] wins the high dive event, being only 13 years old.
Russian swimmers dominate the freestyle events, with Aleksandr Popov[?] and Yevgeni Sadovyi[?] both winning two events (Sadovyi won a third with in the relays).
The young Krisztina Egerszegi[?] of Hungary wins three swimming medals.
After being demonstrated six times, baseball becomes an Olympic sport. Cuba wins the title easily.
Badminton and women's judo become part of the Olympic programme, while white water canoeing[?] returns to the Games after a 20-year absence.
Medals Awarded
See the medal winners, ordered by sport:
Archery[?]
Athletics[?]
Baseball[?]
Basketball[?]
Badminton[?]
Boxing[?]
Canoeing[?]
Cycling[?]
Diving[?]
Equestrianism[?]
Fencing[?]
Football[?]
Gymnastics[?]
Handball[?]
Hockey[?]
Judo[?]
Modern Pentathlon[?]
Rowing[?]
Shooting[?]
Swimming[?]
Synchronized Swimming[?]
Table Tennis[?]
Tennis[?]
Volleyball[?]
Water Polo[?]
Weightlifting[?]
Wrestling[?]
Yachting[?]
Pos Country Gold Silver Bronze Total
WikiProject Sports Olympics
IOC country codes
IOC Site on 1992 Summer Olympics (http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1992)
1896 | 1900 | 1904 | 1906 | 1908 | 1912 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012
1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1994 | 1998 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010
All Wikipedia text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
Search Encyclopedia
Search over one million articles, find something about almost anything!
Rameses
... Contents RamsesRedirected from Rameses Ramses, also spelled Rameses, is the name of several Egyptian pharaohs: Ramses I[?] Ramses II ("Th ...
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GARDN
GARDNE
Gardner Read
Gardner Read Explained
Gardner Read (January 2, 1913 in Evanston, Illinois – November 10, 2005 in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts) was an American composer and musical scholar.
His first musical studies were in piano and organ, and he also took lessons in counterpoint and composition at the School of Music at Northwestern University. In 1932 he was awarded a four-year scholarship to the Eastman School of Music (B.M. and M.M.), where he studied with Bernard Rogers and Howard Hanson. In the late 1930s he also studied briefly with Ildebrando Pizzetti, Jean Sibelius and Aaron Copland.
After heading the composition departments of the St. Louis Institute of Music, the Kansas City Conservatory of Music and the Cleveland Institute of Music, Read became Composer-in-Residence and Professor of Composition at the School of Music at Boston University. He remained in this post until his retirement in 1978.
His Symphony No. 1, op. 30 (1937, premiered by Sir John Barbirolli) won first prize at the New York Philharmonic-Symphony Society's American Composers' Contest, while his second symphony (op. 45, 1943) won first prize in the Paderewski Fund Competition. Another first prize came in the 1986 National Association of Teachers of Singing Art Song Competition, won by his Nocturnal Visions, op. 145. He wrote one opera, Villon, in 1967.
His book Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice (1969/1979) attempted to catalogue the rapidly changing landscape of notation for contemporary western art music.
Dodd, Mary Ann, and Jayson Rod Engquist (1996). Gardner Read: A Bio-Bibliography. Greenwood Press. . (Contains a complete list of his compositions.)
Read, Gardner (1953, rev. 1969). Thesaurus of Orchestral Devices. Pittman Publishing Corp.
-- (1964, rev. 1972). Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice. Crescendo Publishing, (1964, 1972); Taplinger Publishing Company (1979, 2nd edition).
-- (1975, 1993). Contemporary Instrumental Techniques. Schirmer Books, 1975. ASIN 0028721004. Revised as Compendium of Modern Instrumental Techniques. Greenwood Press, 1993.
-- (1978). Modern Rhythmic Notation. Indiana University Press. ASIN 0253338670
-- (1979). Style and Orchestration. Schirmer Books/MacMillan Publishing Company, 1979.
-- (1987). Source Book of Proposed Music Notation Reforms. Greenwood Press.
-- (1990). Twentieth Century Microtonal Notation. Greenwood Press.
-- (1998). Pictographic Score Notation. Greenwood Press.
-- (2004). Orchestral Combinations: The Science and Art of Instrumental Tone Color. Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Gardner Read official site
Interview with Gardner Read, June 4, 1987
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Gardner Read".
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HomeTop StoryHonoring Beatrice Spade
Apr. 03, 2013 at 12:39 am
Honoring Beatrice Spade
8 years ago Top Story
The image on the online obituary of Beatrice Spade, who passed away on June 8, 2012. Photo courtesy of http://easyfhweb.com.
Beatrice Spade was one the many staff members at Colorado State University-Pueblo that will always be remembered.
Spade, 71, passed away Saturday, July 14, 2012 at her home in Rocky Ford, Colo.
Spade began work at the CSU-Pueblo on August 27, 1990 and retired on June 8, 2012.
As an associate professor of history, Spade is remembered for her kind and gentle manner, knowledge of university and major requirements and strong rapport with all the advisees that pass through her office.
Spade earned her bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado, her master’s degrees from the University of Hawaii and Taiwan National University and her Ph. D. from Harvard University.
She had extensive teaching experience at several institutions, including Louisiana State University, Shandong University and CSU-Pueblo. Her research focused on medieval Chinese history, particularly pilgrimage and migration.
Her teaching interests included world civilizations, empires, Chinese history and research methods
Dr. Spade began as a full-time assistant professor in 1993, rose to associate professor in 1995 and retired at the end of the spring 2012 term as an associate professor.
Audra Easley, a senior at CSU-Pueblo, took Spade’s “History of China” class, and was advised by her.
“Dr. Spade was a quiet and humble person, but if you got her talking she was hilarious. She was one of those teachers that would do anything to help you in life and academics,” Easley said.
Spade, who won two university-wide advising awards, advised hundreds of students, and served as faculty advisor to the student history club Past Masters and the student national history honor society Phi Alpha Theta.
“If I feel that a student shouldn’t be a history major, but rather something else that could help them succeed in the future, then I will tell them so,” Spade said in an article previously written upon her retirement, when asked about what kind of advice she gives to her advisees.
Fellow History Department colleague, Matt Harris, shared that Spade “had a way about her” and was an amazing advisor who had handled the lion’s share of the department’s advising for many years.
Spade saw advising as being far more than approving course registration, but she considers how those semester classes will enhance a student’s academic career and life path.
The History Department, the History Club and the Alpha Theta Kappa Branch of the National History Honor Society will be holding a two-day celebration in honor of Spade from April 18-19.
Faculty and students are invited to the events, for Spade was known not only in her own department of the school, but by many other faculty and students throughout CSU-Pueblo.
“Dr. Spade motivated her students to succeed, and made sure you worked hard to do so,” Easley said. “Spade wasn’t just a teacher, but also a friend and an advisor for life.”
CSU-Pueblo Today Staff April 3, 2013
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HomeUncategorizedCSU-Pueblo mourns loss of David Oliver
CSU-Pueblo mourns loss of David Oliver
11 years ago Uncategorized
David Oliver, who coordinated the Help Desk Services office in the Information Technology Services department at Colorado State University-Pueblo, died unexpectedly at home Tuesday, Jan 26. He was 34.
Oliver is survived by his mother, Edna; his wife of 13 years, Erica, and their children Ravan, 12, and Sarrick, 10.
A graduate of Central High School, Oliver held a bachelor’s degree in computer information systems from the University of Southern Colorado. In August 2003 he accepted a job as a web developer/technical support staff at the university, and later took over as a student technology support specialist. In 2007 he took charge of Help Desk Services.
Sharon Spalding said her nephew loved life and everyone with whom he came in contact.
“I’m in shock over having lost my nephew,” Spalding said. “David was a man with a good heart who loved his job and helping people. This is so tragic, he was so young.”
Carol Naranjo said her son-in-law loved to read and listen to music, particularly the British rock group, Led Zeppelin. She said it wasn’t unusual for Oliver to sip coffee as he listened to music or read the newspaper on his computer each morning.
Naranjo said Oliver loved his job at CSU-Pueblo because it allowed him to work with computers and still spend quality time with his family. She said his greatest ambition was to provide for his family.
According to Naranjo, Oliver was a gifted artist who spent hours in his home studio painting, creating pottery and working on his computer.
“His family probably won’t sell any of his work now that he is no longer with us,” Naranjo said. Erica could not be reached for comment.
CSU-Pueblo President Joe Garcia said Oliver was a valued member of CSU-Pueblo. He said Oliver’s pleasant, low-key style and technical skills made him the perfect help desk supervisor.
“Everyone with whom I have talked is shocked and saddened by David’s passing,” Garcia said. “People have said David was the kind of person you liked to call with a technical question.”
CSU-Pueblo Provost Russ Meyer described Oliver as a hard-working, highly dedicated employee who served the campus through his work with the help desk.
“He (Oliver) was liked by all who knew him, and he will be badly missed not just by the ITS staff, but by all of us who came into contact with him,” Meyer said. “Our deepest sympathies go out to his friends and family.”
David Niccoli, chief information officer of ITS, said Oliver provided a remarkably high level of assistance to this dynamically demanding area. He said Oliver’s interpersonal skills were his strongest assets, and that he handled end-users in a very courteous and professional manner.
“But, David was much more than that – he was a friend,” Niccoli said. “He would always provide ‘one-liners’ to put a lighter perspective on a difficult situation, and he went out of his way to say hello and to see how you were doing. The IT department is like a family, and David’s loss has deeply affected us all. We will truly miss him, his character and friendship.”
Oliver’s mother-in-law Carol Naranjo said Oliver’s greatest ambition was to be there for his family.
IT Technician Jennifer Torres said Oliver’s friendliness, sense of humor, and willingness to help people are traits for which he will be remembered.
“He (Oliver) enjoyed sharing the tamales that his wife made during the holidays,” Torres said. “My thoughts and prayers are with his friends and family during this difficult time. He will be deeply missed and not be forgotten.
IT Technician Mark Sargent said Oliver was a fun guy who knew how to make people laugh.
“I worked with Dave for almost two years and he always had a comment that could make people laugh,” Sargent said. “He was a light-hearted guy, and his passing was unexpected and is unfortunate.”
Lyn Brown, CSU-Pueblo switchboard operator, praised Oliver for his humor and artistic ability.
“Dave was a character and gifted potter,” Brown said. “I have a couple of his ceramic pieces which I will watch over carefully now.”
IT Professional Matthew Watson said Oliver had a knack for looking at people with a straight face and saying something that could reduce you to laughter.
“Dave was one of the funniest guys I’ve ever known… you could never tell if he was joking or not,” Watson said. “Dave was a professional, too. He took his responsibilities seriously and always communicated patience and understanding with those whom he helped. He was reliable. He was real, he was funny, he was human.”
Watson continued, “On a personal note, I had no idea how profound his loss would impact me. It has impacted me deeply. A friend has suddenly been lost… and he will be sorely missed.”
In an e-mail to the campus, Cora Zaletel, the executive director of External Affairs, said CSU-Pueblo expresses its condolences to friends, family and co-workers.
Oliver will be cremated, Naranjo said, and a memorial service date and time will be announced.
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Rural Areas Virtually Third World
The Burgh Diaspora network is location-dependent. Rural areas such as the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont are likely beyond the reach of the knowledge economy. The irony of distance collaboration is that most of it must take place in densely populated areas that justify the investment in the requisite telecommunications infrastructure. The more people that live in close proximity to each other, the less likely they will need to interact with their neighbors.
Unless the government steps in with subsidies, the urban-rural digital divide will likely continue to increase, discouraging businesses from seeking the cheaper real estate out in the boondocks:
“We have companies that lose money because they don’t have broadband,” said Maureen Connolly, a director at the Economic Development Council of Northern Vermont. “We’re not a third world country. We shouldn’t have to beg for service.”
A response to this trend may be high-density exurbs in rural regions (Blacksburg, VA?). Running a business that requires an online presence may force owners to move to the closest large town that supports broadband service. That might be the only way to keep companies from leaving the region entirely.
This service problem also points in the direction of regional consolidation of government services. Expenses spread over a region may provide the means to keep the remotely located connected to the rest of the world.
Labels: Connectivity, Innovation
Global Civic Literacy
The Intercollegiate Studies Institute and the National Civic Literacy Board warn that American institutions of higher education are failing this country:
The report concludes with five recommendations aimed at improving undergraduate learning about America's history and institutions:
* improve the assessment of learning outcomes at the college and university level;
* increase the number of required history, political science, and economics courses;
* hold higher education more accountable to its mission and fundamental responsibility to prepare its students to be informed, engaged participants in a democratic republic;
* better inform students and their parents, public officials, and taxpayers of a given university's performance in teaching America's history and institutions; and
* build academic centers on campuses to encourage and support the restoration of teaching American history, political science, and economics.
The Institute's unabashed conservative agenda aside, many universities and colleges state civic engagement as part of their mission. I share the Institute's concern, but not in a way they would support. We need to stress civic education at the regional and global scales. The more traditional local/national framework is no longer sufficient for informed citizenship.
Locals deal with more and more issues of globalization, but their education did not prepare them for these problems. I'm less worried about students understanding American history than macroeconomics. I stress geopolitics and international law in my classroom, empowering students to make changes at the global level. I suspect regionalization would benefit from a similar type of restructuring, enabling citizens to leverage more powerful geographies.
Labels: Frontier Geographies
Romantic Roadblocks
Lance Armstrong decided to ride across Iowa last summer, generating some positive publicity for another region not well understood by the rest of the United States:
T.J. Juskiewicz, director of RAGBRAI, said having an athlete such as Armstrong decide to join the annual bike ride is great for the state.
"Obviously it's tremendous [that Armstrong wants to ride]," Juskiewicz said. "He wants to come join us this summer, and I couldn't think of a better person to come join us.
"He is so well-respected in the cycling world and we welcome him with open arms and I'm sure he'll have a great time with us in Iowa."
Juskiewicz said Armstrong also respects the people of Iowa, one of the reasons he is riding in RAGBRAI.
"He pointed out that one of the reasons he decided to come here is because of the people and because of the communities," Juskiewicz said.
Andrew Bennett, senior in physics and RAGBRAI participant, said Armstrong's decision to ride could help Iowa become recognized nationally.
"After all that Armstrong has done, people love to watch him," Bennett said. "RAGBRAI is already a big event in Iowa - maybe this will get the ride more national attention."
Local word has it that Armstrong enjoyed his ride so much that he mentioned that he intended to move to Iowa. You would be forgiven for missing this public relations coup for the state, but the strong endorsement ignited a debate among Iowegians. Would Armstrong start a rush to the state and destroy everything?
Iowa should be so lucky. What Iowa is selling to the rest of the world would not likely survive a large influx of newcomers. Iowa would cease to be Iowa. This is another example of the development paradox. What assets your region has to attract human capital will likely be lost as more immigrants arrive. Today's hot place to live will soon be overrun with people looking for a piece of the good life.
There are many affluent Iowegians happy with the status quo. They would love their kids to stick around, but they are mainly interested in preserving their bit of heaven. Armstrong should stay in France.
Posted by Jim Russell at 2:33 AM No comments: Links to this post
I'm not ready to leave Iowa behind. Via Chris Briem and the Governing.com blog, you can find an article about Iowa's brush with regionalism. Pittsburghers would recognize the failure of a top-down approach to scale up the voters' sense geography:
It seemed as if the governor's vision for greater regional cooperation and efficiency died almost as soon as it could be expressed. That's the usual fate for regionalism discussions: A group of politicians decides that consolidating government would make tremendous sense, but the idea soon runs into a wall of resistance. Just months before, voters had overwhelmingly rejected a merger between Des Moines and Polk County. And it happened last December, when voters in Shawnee County, Kan., rejected a proposed merger with Topeka.
Local identity and lack of trust stand in the way of most regional political consolidation efforts. Regional identity is logical and cost effective, but policy experts tend to underestimate the power of a sense of place. In our schools, we teach our children to cultivate civic pride. You swear allegiance to your town and your country.
When I lived in Olympia, WA, I spoke with an educator about helping newcomers develop a sense of place. She talked about a project to help students identify with the regional ecosystem, instead of the school district or hometown. The students went on field trips to see different parts of the area's watershed to learn about the salmon migration. The children would associate the salmon with where they lived, picking up an environmental sensitivity in the process. Thus, these children grew up thinking about what was going on upstream and downstream. They were linked to all the other people who also lived along the salmon run.
Labels: Connectivity, Frontier Geographies
Social Geography of Virtual Pittsburgh
College students across the country, and around the world, are connecting at Facebook, "an online directory that connects people through social networks." Venture capitalists have noticed and the company intends to expand:
Much of Facebook’s hope for growth rests on a planned expansion beyond its core audience in the college market. Sometime soon, it will open up membership to anyone in the world, a change that may alienate its existing members, who have become used to its exclusive college-only atmosphere.
Social networking sites are attracting more than attention and web traffic. They are drawing buy-outs worth hundreds of millions of dollars. The return on investment demands these sites expand, substantially increasing advertising revenues. This is risky business. As the stories about failed attempts at regionalization remind us, expanding the communal parameters to include more people is often an exercise in futility.
Instead of measuring the value of a virtual social network in terms of the quantity of members, we could assess the quality of participation. Core members of Digg and Wikipedia drive the success of those communities. Digg culture is a great example of a successful model of a productive virtual neighborhood:
Digg is a user driven social content website. Ok, so what the heck does that mean? Well, everything on digg is submitted by the digg user community (that would be you). After you submit content, other digg users read your submission and digg what they like best. If your story rocks and receives enough diggs, it is promoted to the front page for the millions of digg visitors to see.
Plenty of people may browse this site, but there is more than just traffic moving around. Hard core members (~500,000) are busy producing valuable knowledge. The social software facilitates collaboration at a massive scale. Notice that the site creators distinguish between "digg visitors" and the "digg user community." The valuation model employed right now concerns digg visitors, but that could change.
Imagine evaluating a social network site in terms of the production of its user community instead of the number of hits. You would need a different type of collaborative tool, a metric to measure quality of production, and the means to improve the quality of production. This would be one way to harness the human capital of the Burgh Diaspora.
Labels: Connectivity
Part Time Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh needs to do better job of anticipating the future. I recommend embracing mobile labor markets. The region could establish leadership on this front building the requisite infrastructure to serve the Mobile Class (WiFi downtown is a step in the right direction), but restructuring business practices should be the location of the most dramatic changes. Splitting time between two home bases is becoming increasingly feasible and even desirable. Employers are beginning to catch on to this trend:
It turns out that Thompson's employer, Carondelet Health Network, offers what many believe will become, as the population ages, the hottest thing in job benefits since the 401(k): seamless employment in two or more places.
Most workers taking advantage of those programs are so-called snowbirds, who live in the North but flee the freezing temperatures from January through March. For a lot of reasons, the population of working snowbirds is expected to explode over the next few decades. For one thing, baby boomers are just beginning to enter their Florida years. Many are determined to keep working on their own terms--some because they want to, others because they must.
I offer that Pittsburgh-centered businesses co-locate in key Burgh Diaspora locations. Workers could own homes in the relatively cheaper Pittsburgh and rent apartments (perhaps at the company's expense) in the other city for use when face-to-face interaction is necessary. Workers could spend 3 days telecommuting from home and then 2 days at the office in another region. A business could invest in shell outposts in the network, with Pittsburgh serving as the hub.
Labels: Connectivity, Labor Mobility
Iowa Diaspora
Pittsburgh's demographic problems pale in comparison to that of the Great Plains. Out-migration in that region is so bad that professors Deborah and Frank Popper suggested that the people remaining there submit to the inevitable, surrendering a large swath of the United States to free range buffalo grazing.
Iowa Governor Tom Vilsack, a Pittsburgh native, is fighting back. Vilsack toured the country trying to entice Iowa expatriates to return home:
Vilsack insists, "Everything you can do in a Chicago or New York, you can do in Iowa." Even in today's lean times, he's remained committed to his "Vision Iowa" program, a $2 billion effort to juice up the state's culture and recreation opportunities.
Last spring, Governor Vilsack was in Atlanta, continuing his extensive tour of the Iowa Diaspora. Like Pittsburgh and Buffalo, Iowa hopes its native sons and daughters will return. The Iowa Careers Consortium (ICC) is spearheading the effort:
The ICC incorporates several marketing strategies to help achieve our mission. Some of these include "the Cube" student connection, recruitment trips to areas with a high concentration of Iowa alumni or targeted skilled workers, national and in-state public relations, participation in special events and career fairs, and development of collateral materials. The cornerstone of the marketing program is SmartCareerMove.com.
Not that I advocate such a strategy, but I am impressed with the vigor Iowa is reaching out to its diaspora in order to foster greater boomerang migration. Regions seem loathe to embrace the fresh perspectives that novel immigrants bring. This is the tolerance factor (or lack thereof) that forms the foundation of Richard Florida's evangelical movement to embrace the "Creative Class." A less cynical perspective on my part would be the notion that the Iowa Diaspora would be more likely to relocate and thus provide a better return on the ICC's marketing dollar.
Calling All Steelers Fans
As the residents of Jacksonville can tell you, there are no NFL fans quite like Pittsburgh Steelers fans. The Steelers Nation was disappointed with one of the worst offensive performances in recent memory and fansites are buzzing this morning with scathing criticism. Despite the team's poor showing, this diaspora has never been stronger. When the Steelers get on a roll, fans come out of the woodwork. And they are everywhere, including Jacksonville.
As captured in a recent Pittsburgh Post-Gazette article, enter Steeler Fans United:
Steeler Fans United (S.F.U.) will take on the mission to unite organized Pittsburgh Steelers fan clubs worldwide as well as fans who wish to be linked within the global community known as STEELERS NATION. The mission of S.F.U. is to open communication lines between said organized clubs and established internet Steelers fan clubs in an effort to distribute methods of running an efficient Steelers fan club, attract new members and clubs in each region represented by members of the board of directors, and give Steelers fans worldwide the opportunity to have a place they can call home in the event they are traveling to or through the city of any of the member clubs. S.F.U.’s bottom line is to ensure that the growth of Steelers Nation continues and that the Pittsburgh Steelers will be the best represented fan base in the National Football League as well as any other professional sports league.
According to the Post-Gazette, S.F.U. (not to be confused with S.T.F.U.) also intends to organize a convention (site yet-to-be-determined) for Steelers fans.
This is the first concerted effort I have seen to organize the Burgh Diaspora. Why hasn't anyone tried to create this network before now? If there have been efforts, why did they fail? The Post-Gazette knows a marketing opportunity when they see it and the newspaper is the most visible touchpoint connecting the Burgh Diaspora. I'd love to know what kind of advertising they can sell given this farflung demographic.
Serendipity Pittsburgh
Ode to Jon Udell's most recent blog post...
While I am unlikely to bump into the like-minded in the Golden Triangle (mostly because I live in the Front Range of Colorado), I don't have any problem working my way into Pittsburgh online social circles. Richard Florida describes a regional comparative advantage of tolerance, which helps attract and retain the creative class. Pittsburgh is a tough nut to crack, but there is much more social tolerance on the web. I doubt that any region can compete, on Florida's terms, with the burgeoning virtual knowledge networks.
My early 20s were spent as an American vagabond. I hopped from one college town to the next because I was familiar with academic communities and I craved an exchange of ideas. In order to quench my thirst for knowledge, I needed to be on or near campus. Now, if I am looking for good conversation, I'd rather surf the internet than head to a coffee shop adjacent to the University of Colorado at Boulder. In fact, my current virtual learning environment is superior to that of my days as a graduate student. I no longer live in Boulder and I have no need to go there. For the first time in my adult life, I'm not physically attached to institution of higher learning.
I see a tension between the emerging knowledge economy and traditional knowledge production. Creativity is remarkably inefficient. You have to relocate (costly), buy real estate in a means metro (costly), and then figure out how to make the most of your opportunity (crap shoot). Cutting to the chase, I think universities are killing creativity. Academic society is relatively intolerant and the community is closed. I'd speculate that most knowledge workers fear transparency. I'd sooner recommend a blog to a student of mine interested in geopolitics than point her in the direction of a good university course. I think she would benefit more from the former interaction because of the visible archive of thinking.
We should be in the business of making knowledge production accessible to more people, not bounding innovation in creative clusters located in a few lucky regions. I do not think an urban-university synergy will pave the way to prosperity in a knowledge economy. To the extent a region can foster creativity outside of the ivory tower will be the measure of its knowledge production capacity.
Labels: Connectivity, Innovation, Labor Mobility
American Knowledge Worker Geography
The second Richard Florida article I want to discuss, Where the Brains Are, is in the October edition of the Atlantic Monthly. Florida describes and attempts to explain the current "great migration" of highly skilled labor in the United States. The trend is from an even distribution of human capital across America in 1970 to the current landscape of knowledge clusters in a handful of cities that Florida terms "means metros." Florida's short list of winners includes Los Angeles, Austin, Silicon Valley, Boston, and Denver. This is the lineup of the usual suspects. As you already guessed, Pittsburgh is among the losers in the domestic "means migration" game.
There are two reasons why Knowledgeburgh shouldn't be too concerned. Chris Briem made the first case: When pondering Pittsburgh's desired future state, you should consider migration trends and age demographics together. Pittsburgh may not attract many highly skilled workers in the near term, but the city is beginning a journey of getting younger by the day thus revealing another means metro (though without the associated rise in real estate prices). I suspect that the demographic shift will encourage more knowledge workers to move to Pittsburgh.
Florida's explanation of the means migration frames the second reason. He employs classic urban geography: "increasingly, the most talented and ambitious people need to live in a means metro in order to realize their full economic value." The advantage is the opportunity to rub elbows with other knowledge workers resulting in a force multiplier effect. In other words, the rich get richer. However, as the affluent and educated flock to city-center, real estate prices skyrocket (as Florida notes). There is a significant cost to enjoying all the face time with other smart, creative types. I figure that there will be increasing economic incentive to develop virtual collaborative networks mitigating the need to move where the brains are. This should free up the knowledge worker to seek lower rents and usher in a new great migration pattern.
Meanwhile, Pittsburgh should enjoy considerable regional comparative advantage with a large highly educated population and cheap real estate.
Pittsburgh's Stealth Creative Class
In the September 16th edition of The Economist, Pittsburgh receives a rave review. My favorite Burghonomist describes the young talent that Richard Florida overlooks:
Although the region's overall education levels are not that impressive, says Chris Briem, an economist at the University of Pittsburgh, those figures are partly skewed by its high ratio of elderly residents. Among Pittsburghers 25-34 years old, by contrast, 41.9% have graduated from university, placing the city among America's top ten. More than 17% of those young people have also earned an additional graduate or professional degree: the fourth-highest share in the country, behind only Washington, DC (think lawyers), Boston and San Francisco.
That's some impressive company. Florida's demographic analysis measures the brain migration flows a bit differently, thus missing Pittsburgh's potential:
Concern has been mounting in the United States and elsewhere over the so-called brain drain, or the movement of talented university graduates from one region or state to another. Many regions are trying to figure out ways to keep graduates from leaving or to lure them back when they get older. But no place retains all the people it educates, and the most successful regions both generate talent and attract it from other places. Numerous studies have shown that the availability of a strong pool of local talent can trump both good physical resources and low costs in attracting corporations to a region and growing the local economy.
To identify such regions, we developed a measure we call the "Brain Drain/Gain Index." We calculated it as the percent of the population age 25 and over with a B.A. degree or above, divided by the percent of the population age 18 to 34 attending college. A region with an index above 1.0 is a "brain gain" region, while one with an index below 1.0 is a "brain drain" region. Only 10 percent of the more than 300 metropolitan areas that we studied were net attractors of talent. Just 10 regions boast scores of 1.25 or above; another five score higher than 1.20; and eight score more than 1.15. In San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Fe, and Washington, college students make up more than 30 percent of the population, and more than 40 percent of the work force has a college degree.
Florida's article doesn't show all the regional brain drain/gain scores, but he does conclude that regions such as Pittsburgh "lack the talent and tolerance to compete at the cutting edge." Pittsburgh does not rank well on Florida's index because of the large number of old people in the area. As the elderly die over the next 25 years, Pittsburgh's substantial knowledge capital will move to center stage while the currently booming Sun Belt cities deal with the same aging demographic problem that is hindering Pittsburgh now.
Labels: Labor Mobility
Disaggregating Brain Drain
Recently, Richard Florida published two new articles. This post concerns the piece in The Chronicle of Higher Education, Regions and Universities Together Can Foster a Creative Economy. Florida's annoying propensity to flaut academic credentials aside (Listen up, "Important economists" talking...), I take his empirical work very seriously. His conclusions conflict with my knowledge worker migration hypothesis, resulting in a blog reckoning.
My take is that the higher the education, the greater the mobility. The way to win the migration game is to attract knowledge workers. Don't bother trying to retain the ones already in the area. As long as more talent arrives than leaves, the regional economy comes out ahead. Florida's work suggests an arrow or flow of creative capital. I agree with Florida's model of attraction, but I disagree with his narrative about why the creative leave a region:
Talented and creative people vote with their feet, and they tend to move away from communities where their ideas and identities are not accepted. That is why regions with large numbers of high-tech engineers and entrepreneurs also tend to be havens for artists, musicians, and culturally creative people. Austin, Boston, and Seattle are cases in point.
I contend that all talented and creative people tend to move, regardless of place of origin. On a per capita basis, do less creative people leave Seattle than exit Pittsburgh? The research that Florida offers to make his case doesn't speak to that. But Florida alludes to old industrial regions pushing the creative out:
Of the largest industrial regions, Chicago does quite well on the University-Creativity Index, but other large industrial regions — Baltimore, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis — lag behind. The problem in those regions, according to our analysis, is not their research universities, which are quite strong, but rather that the regions are not capitalizing on the science, technology, and innovation coming out of those universities. Bluntly put, such regions lack the talent and tolerance to compete at the cutting edge. They need to work on their ability to absorb the signals that their universities are sending out.
Because of the environment, ideas and talent are leaving these areas. I don't buy this argument. Ideas and talent leave every urban area. I do think that the number of destinations for the creative class is shrinking, but that only explains the pull factor. I'd like to see a regional comparison of creative outmigration. I'd also be interested in research on secondary migrations. How many times do the creatively inclined move out of their region of residence during their lifetime?
Posted by Jim Russell at 1:52 AM 1 comment: Links to this post
Labels: Innovation, Labor Mobility
Blue-Collar Inertia
The economy is booming in Wyoming, with apologies to the Silicon Valley. But Rust Belt workers are slow to chase the industrial opportunities. Michigan is the exception, proving to be a labor gold mine. Workers from the Mitten State are out-pacing other regional competitors in the quality filling of the excess Wyoming positions. The unemployed from Michigan are bucking the blue-collar trend, the unwillingness of the college uneducated to relocate for the sake of income:
Economic trends have mostly gone the other way since World War II, they say, anchoring blue-collar life. Families that require two incomes to make ends meet are less able to leave, even when one income is lost. A college education increases knowledge of options that may exist elsewhere, but many blue-collar workers do not have a degree.
“People with high education and skills are the first to leave a declining area,” said Mark E. Reisinger, an assistant professor of geography at the State University of New York at Binghamton who studies labor mobility. “People who never left home to go to school are more tied to place.”
Unless economic cycles magically disappear, the highly educated and skilled will continue to leave any region suffering a downturn. However, this is not another tale of knowledge worker mobility. Soldiers from a nastier climate are filling Wyoming's re-emergent oil fields, over the displaced Hurricane Katrina petroworkers. This lesson suggests that Pittsburgh target the climate-ready when in the business of attracting labor capital of any kind.
Browns Diaspora Implodes
Rust Belt sibling, Cleveland, is experiencing a difficult time. The Browns dropped a turd at home in the season opener against the New Orleans Saints. So far, owner Randy Lerner's efforts to exorcise the bad taste head coach Butch Davis left in the fanbase's mouth have failed. But we are only in the beginning of Year Two of that experiment. The thrust of Lerner's team makeover is returning to the traditions of the franchise:
The previous regime of Butch Davis riddled the Browns' roster with Florida natives and former University of Miami recruits. Those were the Florida Browns. Before that, Carmen Policy and Dwight Clark relied on their history with the San Francisco 49ers to stock the team in its formative years after expansion. They were the Cleveland 49ers.
Now the Browns have a distinctive northeast Ohio flavor. The new additions join quarterback Charlie Frye (University of Akron and Willard, Ohio), kick returner and receiver Joshua Cribbs (Kent State) and defensive lineman Simon Fraser (Ohio State) to form a core group of players who understand that games against the Pittsburgh Steelers are not "just another game."
"The previous group [headed by Davis] didn't acknowledge Ohio football's pretty good," Savage said.
If the team fails this year, the essence of Cleveland fails. Lerner is pandering to the romantic musings of the fans. Fair enough, if you want to transform the Cleveland region into a museum piece. Disparaging Davis' Florida football connections stinks of xenophobia. We should put up signs at the Ohio border, "Fresh Ideas Go Home."
The identity of the Pittsburgh Steelers provides a similar case. There is a mythic "Steeler Way" and the team's success depends on the respect of these tenets. A quiet revolution is under way and I gather that most Steelers fans don't like it. I call it the "All in on Ben" paradigm.
Pittsburghers don't appreciate quarterbacks, ironic since some of the greatest QBs in the history of the game hail from the region. Current head coach Bill Cowher has internalized this antipathy, his defensive scheme designed to demonstrate the weaknesses of putting your team's fate in the hands of your quarterback. Eating up clock and controlling the ball, the offense supported the defense. When the Steelers drafted QB Ben Roethlisberger in the first round, the Rooneys signaled a change in philosophy.
When the RB Jerome Bettis retired, the smashmouth football era came to a close. The Steelers Diaspora demanded an heir. Instead they got Fast Willie Parker and a wide receiver in the first round of the draft, Ohio State's Santonio Holmes. Pittsburgh is slow to recognize the shift, but smashmouth football didn't deliver the Lombardi Trophy to Bill Cowher.
Pittsburgh is busy rebranding itself. I'm not convinced that the region is willing to embrace reinvention to the extent that is needed. The most recent bold new vision doesn't jive with the Same Old Steelers. I don't think that any Pittsburgh marketing campaign can get out from under the shadow of the football team. At the very least, the Steelers Diaspora hopes the song remains the same.
Burgh Diaspora Anecdote
I spend Saturday evenings trolling the 'net trying to figure out the best way to find other members of the Burgh Diaspora besides the obvious Steelers touch point. I've stumbled upon some evidence, while playing around on LexisNexis, of Pittsburgh Clubs in Florida. Immigrants to the United States often established clubs for people from the same homeland. I've also heard about Vermont clubs popping up around the United States during the height of that state's exodus in the 19th century. One of my Burgh dreams includes a network of Pittsburgh clubs around the country. There are already a number of Steelers fans clubs, so I might not need to reinvent the wheel.
I can't shake my fascination with the DC Burgh Diaspora. When I stumbled upon this blog entry, I felt compelled to write about it:
The Washington, DC area is a popular landing place for members of the Pittsburgh Diaspora- the people who grew up in the Steel City, found that they didn't particularly want to work in banking/education/medicine/biotech (the major industries that sprung up there after the closure of the steel mills), and left for greener pastures and better weather. Probably every 4th person I meet here is either from Pittsburgh, went to school in Pittsburgh, is dating someone from Pittsburgh, etc.
You can take the football fan out of Pittsburgh, but you can't take the Pittsburgh out of the football fan, and with so many Pittsburgh expats here, DC is sort of like a colony state of the Steelers Nation.
These claims are far from scientific, but I challenge anyone to find as compelling an anecdote about the presence of the Burgh Diaspora as this one. I've connected with my fair share of Burgh expats in the Front Range of Colorado, but I wouldn't go as far as the above blogger did in her description of the DC region. Regardless, the Indian Diaspora better watch out. Seriously, why can't we do what DesiPundit is doing?
Desperately Seeking Burgh Brain Circulation
Why migration doesn't mean brain drain. That article title grabbed my attention. Some of you out there are familiar with the work of AnnaLee Saxenian. I don't see why her perspective on international migration wouldn't apply domestically:
The pluses are that these regions have historically been peripheral. And this allows peripheral regions to enter the global technology economy very quickly. They link into the production networks of suppliers of components and software that eventually turn into leading-edge technology products.
For example, we see Israel providing security and networking software now. There's also been a shift from Taiwan, a Silicon Valley sibling. It started out in the 1980s providing low-cost assembly and manufacturing, and over time became a Silicon Valley partner because companies there innovated in process and manufacturing to such an extent that their expertise is unparalleled in the world now.
It's a massive transfer of talent in a way that creates new opportunities for new regions.
I wouldn't label Pittsburgh as a historically peripheral region, but we are witnessing a similar economic migration pattern. What is missing is the geographic relationship that places such as Bangalore enjoy. In this sense, we could see a boomerang effect if the requisite network was developed. Maybe there is something like that already in place, but I haven't seen it.
Solidarity Pittsburgh
Burgh expat Damon Boughamer mourns the passing of Mayor Bob O'Connor:
Pittsburgh,
I have gathered over my twelve years away that you have mixed feelings about those who leave you, even if we have nothing but affection for you. It's largely understandable. My mom split for the suburbs before I was even born. I skipped western Pennsylvania altogether. A fine lot of good we're doing for the economy and tax base. Bob O'Connor was the simply the latest mayor who probably would have found us less than useful!
But he was still our mayor. The mayor of Pittsburgh always will be. We hope that you don't mind that we think so, and that we added our prayers from Charlotte and Phoenix and even Shrewsbury, York County to those from Bloomfield and Glenwood and Shadyside.
We are always rooting for the person who holds that job. His or her successes are times when we applaud, and his or her failures are blows not just for the Steel City, but for its sons and daughters scattered across the country.
We miss you, and we're sorry we didn't make it back for this, even if all we could have done was sit, troubled, watching the events unfold on KDKA, instead of reading about it at post-gazette.com.
Our thoughts are with the O'Connor family and with new Mayor Luke Ravenstahl. We hear lots of folks are calling him "Mayor Luke." We like that, by the way; sounds like Pittsburgh to us.
Hang in there. We're with you.
Any readers of Salman Rushdie and other postcolonial writers will recognize the angst about homeland ambivalence (if not outright rejection) concerning the people who leave. I didn't realize this until now, but the Burgh Diaspora can lay claim to the same liminal experience that Rushdie explores in his novels. This is a tragic tale of unrequited love and the price pioneers pay for exploring the global frontier.
Network Pittsburgh
A great deal of talent left the Pittsburgh region over the past 30-40 years. They took with them their education, Pittsburgh's investment in human capital. If your school district does a good job of educating your kids, they will become mobile knowledge workers and explore job opportunities in other regions. During this odyssey, your children will encounter new cultures and ideas. And they will expose others to the essence of Pittsburgh. The result is a more resilient and productive society. How might Pittsburgh benefit from these rich exchange networks?
The established answer is to attract the educated children from other regions. But Pittsburgh is having trouble pulling non-native knowledge workers to the area. Pittsburgh is not a dot on the mental map of the Mobile Class. Given the Balkanization of the political landscape, every township and neighborhood for itself, this is unlikely to change. Without any replacement knowledge capital, Pittsburgh is indeed experiencing a brain drain and the return on investment for education looks like a bad bet for the region.
An alternative solution to this problem is emerging. Sorry, I'm not talking about a Boomerang Burgh effect. These rich exchange networks are appearing online, the driving force behind Web 2.0. "Trust circles" and "content connectors" are weaving together a knowledge production engine that would rival any research university. The term "trust circle" is new to my lexicon, by way of Jon Udell. His blog is my means for staying on top of the Web 2.0 revolution. He imagines a searchable database of trusted experts. In other words, he wants an archived rich exchange network.
Likewise, the Burgh Diaspora could enable an online rich exchange network, including people within the geographically defined Pittsburgh region. Then, Pittsburgh could begin to benefit from the experiences of its expatriates and see some return on its investment in the education of its children. The Pittsburgh region is already networking, but there is little evidence of this among emigrants, save the Steeler Nation. The means to do this are already in place.
Cadre of the Creative Class
Richard Florida, with a few partners in crime, is blogging. Almost all of the posts at The Creativity Exchange make great fodder for musings here. Sticking with a recent theme, the investment in human capital continues to confound lawmakers.
I'm not interested in the source article, but the resulting blog trail. In this case, the concern is about South Carolina high school students leaving the state to go to college (typically in neighboring Georgia and North Carolina) and the flagship university (University of South Carolina at Columbia) claiming to import "intellectual capital" for the public good.
The problem is trying to draw a line around the public, which state universities allegedly serve. Florida would liberalize the polity and welcome out-of-state students with open arms. Others, the locals, would demand special treatment for instate students given the tax burden. And then there are those who lament the outmigration of talent to other states. I think all of these perspectives misunderstand the migration pattern.
There is not a Georgia for Georgians. But there are Georgians for Georgia. And then there are Bulldawgs for the University of Georgia, and vice versa. Like UGA, Pitt and CMU cater first to their respective academic communities, not the Pittsburgh Region or the State of Pennsylvania. Furthermore, there is not a Pittsburgh for Pittsburghers, but there are Pittsburghers for Pittsburgh.
Public universities often do claim to serve their state in a mission statement. Pitt is committed to contributing to "social, intellectual, and economic development in the Commonwealth, the nation, and the world." The truth is that the nation and the world now come before the Commonwealth thanks to the vitality of the university being the primary concern.
Pitt claims that the "international prestige of the University enhances the image of Pennsylvania throughout the world." I think that the international community can (and does) make the distinction between the university and where it is located. Universities are global places, more networked with each other than with the immediate locality.
Meanwhile, if someone who was born and raised in Pittsburgh graduates from West Virginia University, then he or she won't be cheering for the Panthers on Saturdays. Pittsburgh proud only goes so far.
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IDFA 2020
Digitised Classics
Finnish Film Catalogue
Finnish Films 2020: the When, the Where and the What
By Marta Bałaga
As the COVID-19 restrictions are – fingers crossed – slowly easing up, the film industry, a tad dormant after months of pyjama-clad Zooming (we will get to that later), is finally stretching its muscles again with Cannes’ Marché du Film looming around the corner. Predictably, the experiences vary – also when it comes to some of the hottest upcoming titles.
“Luckily, the pandemic didn’t really slow us down” – says Mika Ritalahti of Silva Mysterium as we swap war stories, now putting the final touches on The Hatching. It is a film where, as its writer Ilja Rautsi shared with me a while ago on Cineuropa, a girl gets more than she bargained for from an innocent-looking egg. “Well, an evil twin who goes and carries out her worst, most deeply-buried impulses. And she feeds it by vomiting into its mouth.” Talk about a brutal awakening.
Still, many people had to completely rethink their strategies. “Any Day Now was listed as a Cannes prospect, in Screen Daily at least, but we were early in the editing at that point. We are now finalising it and sending it out to festivals, but the situation is very competitive and strange” – admits Jussi Rantamäki of Aamu Film Company.
All this confusion also translates to online festivals, which have been going on for a while now. “With Nimby, I think it would be so cool to show it at a physical festival. But I would still consider an online event, provided it’s prestigious enough. I actually do like the fact that festivals are trying to show films” – says It’s Alive Films’ Jani Pösö.
“Let’s face it – the risk of piracy is always there. With our first feature film [Simo Times Three], there were three people that touched the DCP, and still it leaked online. I can guarantee that none of these three people had anything to do with it.” Let’s certainly hope not.
An untold story of Tove Jansson
While platforms get better, most are rather adamant about sticking to the “traditional” model, at least to a certain extent. “We have been lucky with the timing, the first and the biggest thing being the fact that we managed to get everything filmed before [the pandemic]. And because Cannes was moved, we got more time to prepare our marketing material. Which is always welcome” – says Andrea Reuter of Helsinki Filmi, now readying to finally launch Tove.
Handled by Level K and with the Finnish premiere set for October, the film about the creator of Moomins is still hoping for a festival premiere in the autumn, though. “If the festival in question turns out to be more of a local affair, we will try to have the film screened for the journalists who are not travelling. It was filmed on 16mm and it’s visually stunning, in my humble opinion. I really think it needs to be screened in the cinema.”
Zaida Bergroth’s film, starring Alma Pöysti as Tove, is already highly anticipated – after all, Moomins are the biggest Finnish export, ever. But, as argued by Reuter, that’s only one part of the appeal. “I wouldn’t say we assume that people are going to come only because of the Moomins. We really wanted to make a film that works on its own: a passionate story about finding yourself, finding love and learning how to balance these things.”
“Tove was a really remarkable woman, living such a modern and, in a way, feminist life. She made her decisions based on what she wanted – not on society’s demands. We wanted to show she was driven by desire and ambition, both in her personal and professional life. She really didn’t give up, ever – just pushed through hard times. Tove was so prolific and meticulous, and that part of her artistry was very important, but the emotional core is the love story. How brave and wild she was, looking for freedom even when it hurt. We feel it’s an untold story, even for the people that do know her. Mostly because they recognise her as this old, grey-haired fairytale-like person. They don’t know her past.”
Tove Jansson, photo by Eva Konikoff / Moomin Characters
A past that thanks to years of research from screenwriter Eeva Putro and the producers, will finally become a bit clearer. “We have been working very closely with Sophia Jansson and her team – they opened up their entire archive for us. We had access to everything: old letters from that period, her diaries, her notebooks, calendars. They want this story to be told.”
Also in regards to her personal life. “The film doesn’t deal with homophobia – it’s a love story, although Tove was really open. She used to say that she falls in love with people, not their sex. But when she met Tuulikki [Pietilä], which she does also in our film, they ended up together for the rest of their lives. Everyone knew about it. She was the first person who brought a same-sex partner to the President’s Independence Day Reception. She is certainly a big icon for the LGBTQ community, even though in the film it just happens to be a woman that she falls in love with.” A woman like Vivica Bandler.
“For me, the really big thing was when I realised that [recurring characters in the Moomins] Thingumy and Bob were based on her and Vivica. They have a secret language and carry a bag with a ruby in it, which is a metaphor for their secret love. I was so touched by this” – says Reuter, while also mentioning journalist Atos Wirtanen, who was a model for Snufkin.
“You can see how these real characters inspired her creation. As a Swede and as a woman, I knew a lot about her before. I actually met Tove when I was 11 years old! A friend of mine used to live in the same house, so we just came over one day and rang the bell. She gave us an interview for our school magazine. Later we staged a play, the same play she did with Vivica and which also features in the film [Comet in Moominland]. I played Snorkmaiden. She came to the premiere and wrote this amazing thank-you letter to our class. It’s such a cherished memory and something I really drew energy from.”
Locked inside of the house
Jani Pösö, also behind 2018’s Finnish Oscar submission Euthanizer, doesn’t need to draw energy from anything – he already has it in spades. Which also explains why he produced two features this year, both directed by Teemu Nikki.
“In our case, what makes it complicated is that if everything goes well, we will have another film ready next year [A Blind Man Who Did Not Want To See Titanic]. People complain there are never enough films, and yet here we are. We could still wait with Nimby, but then what? I am a pretty positive person in general, but having one film ready and another already in post-production… It’s a luxury problem that I assume a lot of producers are currently facing” – he says.
“Nimby is ready and there is no place to launch it – that’s more or less the main problem. As the Finnish market hasn’t been hit so badly, we will most likely have the local premiere in the autumn. I was just about to sign a distribution deal for the international rights when corona started and after that I didn’t dare to do it anymore. You don’t want to give away all the rights when you don’t know what is going to happen, how long it will last and who will still be around afterwards. Now, I think I should go through the companies that are attending Cannes Marché, as it’s a good sign if they are still surviving!”
It’s true – COVID-19 brought about many complications. Which makes me wonder if, given the circumstances, festivals should change their rules concerning local premieres. “I would say yes – that would help a great deal. If it were a normal situation, we would already know our festival premiere. Now, I don’t know what to do. That being said, in our case it’s still a luxury problem. I assume there are lots of producers and sales companies who are, well, in deep shit.” Hard to argue with that.
It’s a bit funny, though, that Nimby (an acronym for “not in my backyard”) actually feels timelier than ever with its story of “intolerance among tolerant people” including a lesbian couple about to come out, parents who are into swinging and an ex-boyfriend who happens to be a neo-Nazi, all forced to work out their issues in a limited space.
“We anticipated it being timely, although not when it comes to corona!” – laughs Pöso. “The fact that these characters are all locked inside of the house came from our thinking that when you are really afraid, what do you do? You go home and lock the doors. In their case, they end up stuck in the most personal space with the people they cannot stand. So in a way, it fits this time perfectly.” Also, given the current social unrest. “I think this period of social optimism continued well into 2000s, at least in Finland, all the way up to Trump. I remember when right-wing organisations started to reappear again. Sometimes it feels that before 2016, everything was just so nice.”
“Nice” is not exactly a word you hear very often these days. Which might be why Pösö tries to stay cautiously optimistic. “Right now, we look out of the window and everything seems perfectly normal, there is nothing to fear. The sun is shining and parks are full of people eating lunch. But if there is a second wave of the virus, and Finnish cinemas close again, that would be just hilarious. And then, anything you decide is going to be a bad option” – he points out.
“Producers might need to make up their mind whether to premiere their film theatrically in countries where cinemas are open and go straight to VOD in other territories. But in our case, I would really like to wait. Having a festival premiere doesn’t really affect local release, but when it comes to international sales, you need it. It’s as simple as that. I would like to know the When, the Where and the What, but let’s see. Tomorrow, we might need to rethink our strategy all over again.”
You can’t just sit around in your pyjamas all the time!
Pösö is not the only one juggling multiple projects – Jussi Rantamäki, while also working on Juho Kuosmanen’s Compartment No 6, out next year, is currently handling The Woodcutter’s Story, Any Day Now AND Fucking With Nobody. Please forgive my French.
“We are having a great year, developing these anticipated features” – he says in what seems like an understatement of the year. “We don’t have that much in development though, so in two years we might have a break. That’s how a smaller company works.”
The Woodcutter’s Story
“The Woodcutter’s Story has been in development for a while, also because we wanted to establish Mikko Myllylahti as a director first. We made a short film [Tiger], which went to Cannes, so we were able to elevate his status in order to get financing. It’s a great script: it’s funny, poetic. Even though it’s a debut, it has a budget of 1.7 million, which is a lot for an art film, let’s say.” Hannaleena Hauru’s Fucking With Nobody, however, will be a whole different beast – already noticed by The Biennale Cinema College and now picking up filming, which originally started in March.
“Hannaleena is a peculiar filmmaker. We are always trying to find a good way to produce her films: she has done a feature, but she also does five shorts per year, all by herself, which are usually crazy and amusing. But how do you bring this strange, hilarious quality into an actual feature without getting her restricted in any way? If you get a really crazy idea, you want to make it right away. But you can’t do that with features and after a while, it doesn’t seem so intriguing anymore. The Biennale Cinema College initiative, as her film was among the three chosen to get made, is perfect for her – she has a DoP and they just do it together. They actually used to date in their 20s, so it’s all very meta, because she is also acting in it – she plays a director in the film, talking to her DoP whom she used to date.”
If that sounds like pretty intimate information, it’s because Aamu prides itself on its close relationship with directors. Not that they ever planned it that way.
“It was an accident” – laughs Rantamäki. “I started working with Juho and Hannaleena, then Mikko came along. Of course you become friends! We always talked about how we really need to love the script, love the project in order to take it on. But once I started to run the company, I realised that I like the people, too. And whatever they bring, I will gladly produce it. Two of them are godfathers to my children, so we always think about what to do next.”
“At some point we needed to come up with some kind of strategy for an application, and we came to the following conclusion: we are quite committed to these four filmmakers, we have long-term plans and if I want to build a company on their work, I don’t have time for more. But right now, we are actually scouting for new talent. It might be good to have someone new joining in, you try harder. It’s like with Zoom – you can’t just sit around in your pyjamas all the time!” Told you we will get to that later.
The fourth director in question, Hamy Ramezan, is now in post-production with Any Day Now. “Hamy’s film has a strong emotional impact, so it might ‘spread’ even without a prestigious festival release. The situation is so unclear that I am focusing on the film and other people are focusing on how to get it out there. We have a good sales agent, New Europe Film Sales, and I will rely on their opinion.”
Ramezan, who decided to refer to his own experiences in the film, arrived in Finland as a child after fleeing persecution in Iran. But as Rantamäki points out, his debut is not “your usual refugee story”, if one can even talk about them this way.
“It’s something we have to tackle all the time: How do we raise it above this everyday imagery in the news? Everyone is fed up with it and they don’t necessarily want to see it in the cinema. But when he talked about it, even before writing the script, he said: “It was the best time of my life.” He was smuggled in cars, got a false identity and didn’t have to go to school. To him, it felt like a James Bond movie! Only later, as an adult, he realised how dangerous it was, how stressful, especially for his parents. He felt they can overcome every obstacle – if they stay together, they can’t be defeated. It’s such a unique, warm story. Nothing is kept at the arm’s length. It’s just this family, living on borrowed time.”
Like a drama, but not the boring kind
In the case of The Hatching, the strategy is also left to the film’s sales agent, Wild Bunch.
“The biggest challenge is that we don’t know when we can open the film. Which will be the next available festival? We are all so tired of these virtual meetings” – says producer Mika Ritalahti.
“We will have the film ready by November, so we hope to release it in Finland in the spring. One thing is clear: when a big festival finally does happen, it will have a lot of submissions. Still, Wild Bunch is looking for a big A-list event, also to get as much publicity as possible. This way, we can be the ‘wild card’ and not another typical drama.”
No one could ever accuse The Hatching of being another typical anything, really, and Ritalahti’s first step into horror proved very illuminating indeed. “I haven’t produced horror films before – I was too scared!” – he says.
“You watch them and then you can’t sleep at night. But what Ilja and Hanna [Bergholm, director] kept talking about was this strange mother-daughter relationship, which just happens to take place in this monstrous world. It was something I believed and recognised – I have seen families like that. At first, Ilja had a male protagonist in mind: this 12-year-old boy. Hanna suggested changing him into a girl and after that, having a female director was a no-brainer. I mean, this little girl is in every scene! Hanna could always say that she is also a mother, that she has noticed some of this behaviour in herself. It made for an interesting pitch. If there is a mother who is emotionally cold, it’s just so scary. We are all used to seeing men act violently, but when it’s a mother, this protector of all… It makes for a different story. To me, it was really a drama, but not the boring kind.”
But there was one significant upside to venturing into genre territory. “When you are working on a horror movie, it doesn’t matter if you want to shoot it in Finnish. Nobody cares! Before, every time I would pitch something and say it’s in Finnish people stopped listening. This experience has opened my eyes. If you don’t understand the language, it can even seem scarier. It was the same with Japanese horror. ‘What is happening, why aren’t they reacting?!’ You can use it as a tool.”
The film was shot in Latvia – partly for financial reasons, but also to create, as he puts it, “this odd feeling”, especially for the Finnish audience. “When you watch the film, you see all these Finns and yet something is not quite right. The radiator in the room might be a bit different and you don’t really notice it on a conscious level, but something is telling you: Watch out!” However, the biggest challenge was to find the right people to deliver special effects. Knowing perfectly well they can make or break a film.
“In our film, a girl finds an egg and a creature comes out of it: half bird, half human. We wanted to have a puppet, because having a girl who is not a professional actor, it seemed it would be easier to create a real connection this way. She needed to be able to touch it. So Hanna, being Hanna, just Googled ‘best animatronic designer’ and the name that came up was Gustav Hoegen, who has also done Star Wars. She emailed him immediately and he was willing to take our assignment! Having him attached was incredible.”
For special effect make-up, they started to talk to Conor O’Sullivan, two-time Oscar nominee for Saving Private Ryan and The Dark Knight. “We couldn’t complete the financing in time, so he said: ‘Sorry, I have to take this new Ridley Scott movie instead.’ Then last year in Cannes, we just decided to go ahead, no matter what. A week later Conor called, saying the film was postponed and he was available again. Our picture lock was in May, so that’s why it takes so long to complete it – because of the digital effects. We need to create this creature, which is not easy, as there is a scene where the girl is giving it a bath for example and water and feathers are famously difficult to recreate digitally. Damn that Ilja! Why he couldn’t just write about a turtle instead?!”
Now that is a good question indeed.
© 2021 The Finnish Film Foundation
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Deedee O'Malley
Singer | Songwriter | Producer | Actor | Author | Educator
Deedee O’Malley excels in Multiple Roles” -The New York Inner Voice
Deedee O’Malley who plays Tracy in our film is a very very funny lady. It was very hard to get that scene because we were laughing so hard during her improvisation-Ted Prescott (Director of America’s Phoneless)
Deedee O’Malley is most well known on the East Coast as an award winning Actress. Funny enough, she is mostly known on the West Coast as an award winning Singer/Songwriter.
She began her career in community Theatre on Long Island in New York. She graduated with a BFA in Theatre from Hofstra University and went on to perform in over 60 musicals including the off-broadway production of Sneakers, where she not only wrote three songs for the show but created one of the lead characters.
Deedee has a habit of either writing songs for shows that she eventually stars in or getting starring roles in productions where she is eventually asked to write the music. Deedee loves these kind of situations as it brings many of her talents together in the same forum.
Deedee O’Malley studied improvisation with Paul Sills while living in Manhattan. Her favorite challenges are being given a song or a scene to improv on the set of a movie. She has starred in a Hallmark and S.O.S commercial.She’s had several cameos in films, from a love crazed rock n’ roll groupie in Benny Bliss and The Disciples of Greatness, to The Wise Old Singing Tree in The Inspirational children’s television show, The Wiz Kidz.
Deedee has written over 24 songs for the musical , “No Time to Weep” revolving around the life of holocaust survivor Lucy Deutsch. The musical is scheduled to open in January 2012. She is currently working on two more musicals of a somewhat secret nature. You will hear both of them in 2012.
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Stukely Westcott
Stukely Westcott was born in England probably about 1592 and his marriage to Julianne Marchant is recorded in St. Johns Church in Yeovil, Somerset, England on October 5, 1619. A number of sources suggest the couple had six children who all came with them to America. Historians have written that the William Arnold family and also William Carpenter sailed with the Westcotts from England in 1635. This information is substantiated by writings found in Benedict Arnold’s old family papers apparently written April 1656:
“June 24, 1635, arrived in Massachusetts Bay. Sailed from Dartmouth of Devon May 1, 1635, all but one of the Party (William Carpenter) coming from Ilchester in southern Somerset or within five miles of that place…”
“My father (William Arnold) and his family Sett Sayle ffrom Dartmouth in Old England, the first of May, Friday, & Arrived in New England (Thursday) June 24, 1635. On board was Stukely Westcott, 43, of Yeovil, and his wife with children Robert, Damaris, Samuel 13, Amos 4, Mercy and Jeremiah.”
Benedict Arnold later married Stukely’s daughter, Damaris.
The History and Genealogy of the Ancestors and Descendants of Stukely Westcott makes reference to two brothers of Stukely, Richard and William Westcott, who are first recorded in Salem in 1636 and it appears they both later settled in Connecticut.
A record in 1636 lists Stukely as a grantee of land, but the extent of the grant is not named however he would have been made a freeman in order to have received a land grant. He was granted one acre of land at a town meeting in Salem, according to the town records, in the latter part of 1637, listing his name as “Stuky Wesket” naming him as “one of the inhabitants and freemen” and listing the number of persons in his house as eight.
Stukely and his family were members of the church of Salem, where Roger Williams had taught and been “excommunicated” from and Westcott was seemingly of the same mind as Williams, “first, that the members of Salem church should make public confession of their wrong in having formerly communed with the Church of England: secondly, that the civil magistrate had no lawful authority or right to take cognizance of or punish a person for his religious beliefs.” Westcott along with Richard Waterman, Thomas Olney and Francis Weston were ordered by the General Court in March 1638 to remove from the jurisdiction of “The Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay” along with their families before the next General Court. The charge was “heresy.” At the same time, notice was sent by Hugh Peters to the church at Dorchester of the order to prevent them from being received into membership there.
They followed Roger Williams to Providence and Stukely was one of the twelve whom Williams wrote of when he “freely admitted twelve loving friends and neighbors” into ownership of lands he had purchased in 1636. Stukely’s was the first name listed on Williams’ grant to the twelve associates at Providence. He was also one of the founders of the first church at Providence recorded as a Six Principle Church, being baptized by Williams along with ten others. They obeyed the scriptures as they understood them, practicing the first principles of the oracles of God found in Hebrews 6:
1) Therefore leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection; not laying again the foundation of repentance from dead works, and of faith toward God,
2) Of the doctrine of baptisms, and of laying on of hands, and of resurrection of the dead, and of eternal judgment.
This re-baptism caused great offense to the church at Salem and when the church elders learned of it, the Westcotts and others were ex-communicated.
Records indicate in October 1638, Stukely contributed 2 pounds, 10 shillings toward defraying the town expenses and it was one of the largest contributions to the common good of the community.
In 1642 there was an agreement for the division of Pawtuxet from Providence, of which Stukely was a party to. Records and letters reflect there was much dissension within the community with land divisions and ownership and it was at this time that Samuel Gorton had made an attempt to settle in the Providence area at Pawtuxet, resisting being drawn into the internal conflicts of the community. Also at this same time, the larger, more powerful Massachusetts Bay Colony was attempting to extend their jurisdiction over the settlers in Rhode Island, desiring the rich resources available in that area and to stamp out what they considered heretical ideas. By December 1642, Gorton and others purchased the Shawomet area from Miantinomi, chief sachem of the Narrangansett, which put the new colony outside of Massachusetts Bay Colony by a distance of about 25 miles.
There are no writings that specifically state the reason Westcott left Providence for Shawomet (Warwick) but it was a very turbulent time for the surrounding settlements of the area, with land disputes and personal differences over biblical doctrine and civil liberty.
The ancient records reflect that Stukely and his family came to Shawomet (Warwick) in 1647, however the book The History and Genealogy of the Ancestors and Descendants of Stukely Westcott states that “it is reasonably certain that he was at least active at Warwick as early as the Spring of 1643” because he was one of the nine persons that was taken to Boston when Massachusetts sent a company to arrest the group at Warwick. Also included in the Genealogy was the statement recorded in the old records that the soldiers had “killed one of his sheep” at the time the group was arrested. Stukely is listed seventh on the list of inhabitants of the town previous to June 5, 1648 of thirty-one settlers and two of his sons were listed seventeenth and twenty-seventh.
The men were imprisoned, charged, found guilty at Boston and sentenced to hard labor, but after a few months, were pardoned due to public sentiment of the towns where they were fulfilling their sentences. Stukely's name is not found in the towns where the men served their sentences so he may have been allowed to return to Warwick, however he was one of those who bore witness on March 30, 1644 under oath to “the outrage committed upon property and the persons of the first settlers of Warwick because they refused to subject themselves to the pretended jurisdiction of the Massachusetts Bay colony.”
During the summer of 1648, Stukely Westcott, John Greene, William Arnold and nine others of Warwick “agreed to support in faith and practice the principles of Christ’s doctrine.” They met in homes and groves and attended the gathering at Providence as often as circumstances would allow. An actual church building in Warwick wasn’t built until several years after Stukely Westcott had died.
In 1655, Stukely was licensed to keep a house of entertainment [tavern] and to set out a sign at the most “perspicuous” place. His “hotel license” was renewed in 1664 when he was authorized to keep an "ordinary" [a tavern/hotel] for the entertainment of strangers during the time the King’s Commissioners held Court at Warwick. History has shown that often times those who became “inn-keepers” owned large houses at central points on the roads. Below is an excerpt of an article explaining the importance of the tavern, ordinary or house of entertainment in colonial days:
“An introduction from Nancy L. Struna's Transforming the Ordinary: A Social History of Taverns, 1750-1820s, best states what taverns meant to the local communities they served in the days of the Revolution:
"In the middle of the 18th century, taverns lay at the center of life in the British American mainland colonies. People ate, drank, and slept there; they read mail and papers and in other ways got the news; they boarded stages from and voted at taverns; they attended court hearings and committed crimes. Tavern keepers themselves were often respected and influential citizens, and tavern keeping was viewed as an important and economically viable occupation, including for women. As a point of fact, taverns were everywhere, they housed everything, and everyone could be involved. They were the social and cultural centers of colonial life.
The colonial government found taverns so important to development of this new land they enacted laws to encourage their construction.”
Westcott was quite involved in the settlement at Warwick and according to preserved records—owned along with his home lot, a large acreage, as did the other initial founders. He had retained his land interests in Providence after moving to Warwick and in his will he stated that he, together with Samuel Gorton, Randall Holden, Thomas Collins and John Potter, were the sole owners of a tract of land totaling about 2,100 acres, between the Pawtuxet lands on the north and the ‘Old Warwick’ lands on the south.
He apparently elicited the confidence of his fellowmen, holding numerous public offices. The highest office he held was Deputy of the colonies, which he held in November 1651, February 1652 and also December of that year, representing Warwick in the Colonial Assembly and again in 1656 and 1660. He was nearly eighty years old when he served his last term as Deputy to the Assembly in 1671. In 1653 he was elected twice as “General Assistant” and these officers, usually two from each colony, formed the Governor’s Council and also exercised judicial power. He served on a committee to call a special Assembly if needed, as the colony was in “eminent danger” during that time. He also served on a committee to restrict the sale of liquor to the Indians, and to regulate excise and sale of it in the Colony.
In local issues, his fellow townsmen chose him and Ezekiel Holliman to collect monies of the settlers to pay a person for watching over their cattle from Indian intrusion and he served as a member of the Town Council. He was a commissioner for Warwick numerous years, surveyor of highways, listed as a jurist, and also sat on a committee to confer with Indians about fencing and other matters, probably acting as liaison between the Indians and colonists, diffusing problems when the colonist’s cattle damaged the Indians crops, etc.
Another notable event that speaks to the character of Stukely: his neighbor at Warwick, John Bennet [probably aged and without family] gave his property, “8 cattel, 19lbs of peage* at 8 per penny” and his house and land, all except 5 pounds, which Bennet retains “to dispose of as he may see fit,” on the condition that Westcott and his heirs furnish him during his life “meate, drinks and aparall” on June 24, 1657. Later it is recorded, Amos Westcott, who was living with his father at the time, is excused on October 10, 1670 by the town from service at the three courts, by reason of the “weak condition” of John Bennet, and Amos needing to personally attend to him during his illness, obviously fulfilling the promise of taking care of the elderly man.
Stukely’s wife preceded him in death as did his son Robert. His son Amos Westcott and wife apparently went to live with him and care for him in his last years. At the onset of the King Phillips war, Robert, a lieutenant of the militia was killed in the great swamp fight in 1675 in which the Indians suffered great losses. The Indians returned to execute vengeance, burning every house in Warwick except one and the inhabitants all fled, Stukely going to live with his grandson Caleb Arnold (son of Benedict and Damaris (Westcott) Arnold, at Portsmouth. He died there on January 12, 1677.
Stukely had deeded much of his land to his sons as gifts during his lifetime. He wrote a will which was never executed because apparently his grandson had encouraged him to wait to sign it until Amos and Jeremiah, his two remaining sons, could be present and he became incapacitated before they arrived. Because his will wasn’t signed and there being mention of additions that were verbalized, the Town Counsel drew up a will and it was sealed by John Greene - Assistant, Samuel Gorton - Assistant, Randall Holden, Thomas Green and Benjamin Barton who comprised the Town Council, years later.
Stukely Westcott’s descendants are many and a few of the notable ones are General Benedict Arnold, (descendant of his daughter Demaris who married Governor Arnold and general of the Revolutionary War, who is better known as a traitor to his country), Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry and Commodore Mathew C. Perry.
Doyle Davidson and David Kaspareit both trace their ancestry to Stukely Westcott through his son, Jeremiah and Eleanor (England) Westcott.
*Peage: A kind of aboriginal shell money, or wampum, of the Atlantic coast of the United State; originally applied only to polished white cylindrical beads.
White Horse Tavern, Newport, RI (This is not Stukely Westcott's tavern). Frances Brinley constructed the original building on the site in 1652. In 1673, the lot was sold to William Mayes, and the building was enlarged to become a tavern. The building was also used for large meetings, including use as a Rhode Island General Assembly meeting place, a court house, and a city hall. An interesting note about the White Horse Tavern: O.L. Pitts of Fort Worth, Texas, along with three partners, purchased the White Horse Tavern in 1981. Infamous participants in the revelry of the America’s Cup races, they continued the tradition of good fellowship, good food and good cheer. On his ninetieth birthday, O.L. Pitts turned stewardship of the Tavern over to Paul Hogan, a Newport native and only the sixth owner in three hundred and fifty years. No building is believed more typical of colonial Newport than the White Horse Tavern, with its clapboard walls, gambrel roof and plain pediment doors bordering the sidewalk. Inside, “its’ giant beams, small stairway hard against chimney, tiny front hall and cavernous fireplaces are the very essence of 17th Century American architecture.”
Sources: History and Genealogy of the Ancestors and Some Descendants of Stukely Westcott; The Life and Times of Samuel Gorton by Adelos Gorton (1908); Wikipedia; Society of Stukely Westcott Descendants of America.
You can watch and listen to Doyle Davidson and Paul Peters read and discuss Stukely Westcott:
"Rhode Island Founders" Page
"A Nation Bringing Forth Fruit" Page
Labels: A Nation Bringing Forth Fruit, Rhode Islanders
When Lyle Went to Heaven
God’s Dealing With Sin
Monday - February 22, 2016
Time for America to Repent
For a Testimony Against Them
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A Life Lived Wholly Unto God - Chapter 15: Live St...
Psalm 55 - My Personal Experience
Expecting Power
Great is the Lord, And Greatly to be Praised
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A Life Lived Wholly Unto God - Chapter 13: Terry Mai
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Be Followers of Me as I Am of Christ
I Have Been to Heaven
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President Arthur's Hasty Inauguration
Happy Presidents' Day!
While many United States presidents have called New York home over the years, only two were inaugurated in the city: George Washington in 1789 (when the city was still the American capital) and Chester A. Arthur, who took the oath in his home at 123 Lexington Avenue in Murray Hill.
A lawyer by training, Arthur had risen through the ranks of the Republican Party to become the Collector of the Port of New York, a job secured for him by powerful Senator Roscoe Conkling. When Rutherford B. Hayes became president in 1877, Arthur lost his patronage job—in part so that Hayes could show that he was cracking down on patronage positions. But in 1880, Arthur was tapped to be James A. Garfield’s running mate, and in March 1881, was sworn in as Vice President. (The presidential and vice presidential inauguration was still in March back then.)
Just four months after the inauguration, Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau, a disgruntled civil servant. Garfield lingered until September 19, when he finally succumbed to his wounds.
Word was immediately sent to Chester Arthur, who was at home in Murray Hill. In the middle of night, New York Supreme Court Justice John R. Brady was fetched to come to the Arthurs’ home and administer the oath of office. A second, more formal inauguration took place two days later in Washington, DC.; evidently, some in D.C. weren't convinced that Arthur's late-night swearing-in on Lexington Avenue was the real deal, so he was asked to take the oath again once he got to Washington.
After his one term in office—marked by distinct efforts at civil service reform—Arthur retired to his Lexington Avenue home where he died on November 18, 1886. The house at 123 Lexington still stands, but the only part you can visit is the ground-floor retail section, which is the Indian grocery store Kaluystan’s.
Arthur is commemorated with a statue in Madison Square Park, within easy walking distance of his former home. Also in the park is a statue of his one-time mentor, Roscoe Conkling, who's best known today for dying after getting stuck in a snow drift during the great Blizzard of 1888.
This post was adapted from an earlier article on Arthur in January 2009.
Read more about New York and the presidency in
Inside the Apple
and don't forget our next book
Footprints in New York comes out April 15, 2014, but you can pre-order today.
Posted by Michelle and James Nevius at 10:14 AM
Postcard Thursday: The Cooper Union Address
Postcard Thursday: Walknyc.com
A History of Complaining about Valentine's Day
Postcard Thursday: Rockefeller Center's Lost Opera...
Postcard Thursday: The Dorilton
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Mechanix Illustrated
Issue: Jan, 1942
Posted in: Animals For Profit
No Comments on “Here Y’Are, Boys! Get Ya Ringtailed Motmots Here!” (Jan, 1942)
“Here Y’Are, Boys! Get Ya Ringtailed Motmots Here!” (Jan, 1942)
“Here Y’Are, Boys! Get Ya Ringtailed Motmots Here!”
by Ronald Banks
LET’S suppose that when you awoke this morning, you had a burning desire to own a reticulated giraffe. Or a greater or lesser hill mynah. Or maybe a black-headed sibia.
How would you go about acquiring one of these items?
Would you organize an expedition, and, with gun and camera, go trailing off into the jungles somewhere in search of your prize? Would you look up one of the Ringling boys, to see if he had any left-over spare parts? Or would you write to your congressman?
You wouldn’t have to do any of these things. Instead, you could jump on the phone and call up Heinz Ruhe, in New York City. Mr. Ruhe is the nation’s foremost animal importer, and reticulated giraffes, hill mynahs and black-headed sibias are his everyday stock-in-trade. In fact, if you’re lucky, you might just happen to catch Mr. Ruhe when one of the above staples was on his list of specials for the day.
Now, you would expect a man in Ruhe’s business to be a mahogany-tanned, two-gun swashbuckler, striding around in breeches and pith helmet, while a couple of lion cubs romp gaily at his heels. Mr. Ruhe is nothing of the sort. He is a pink-faced, mild mannered, slightly hefty guy in his middle thirties, and there isn’t a dog or a cat, or even a dried cannibal head, in his comfortable Long Island home.
He receives, boards and sells the rarest, the wildest, the biggest and the littlest denizens of the jungles, mountains and plains . . . yet he has never even caught a garter snake with a forked stick!
He organizes expeditions by remote control to the crags of Tibet and the wind-swept wastes of Siberia . . . yet he sits quietly in his New York office, calmly calculating profit and loss, depreciation and overhead.
Animals are strictly a business proposition for Mr. Ruhe. The most snarling of them are just so much livestock he can sell to a zoo, a circus, or to a bunch of the boys pulling a gag at a college reunion. He’d get you a Brontosaurus Rex, if he could find one, for cash, F.O.B., N.Y., crated.
Mr. Ruhe puts out a classy catalog listing his wares. A few years ago he used to print and distribute to all and sundry large circulars resembling grocery store throwaways, upon which he set forth his current prices. But the war has wrought changes in animal importing and he no longer dares publish prices for fear they would change overnight. He’ll quote them verbally, however, to anyone in the market for anything four-legged, two-legged or no-legged.
Currently, for example, he is taking $2,500 for an Indian baby elephant. Something fancier, like perhaps a full-grown gorilla, complete with bad temper and enormous appetite, will go for $4,000, plus a little extra for care and feeding.
If the shopper wants something expensive but very exclusive, Mr. Ruhe will track down an okapi for $15,000. The latter is a curious combination of giraffe and zebra which inhabits the Belgian Congo and, as a _ matter of fact, there is only one specimen in the country today. It’s at the Bronx Zoo in New York and was given to the city by special arrangement with the Belgian government. Mr. Ruhe had nothing to do with getting it, but he’s sure he can supply one to anybody with $15,000 to spend for it. Are you interested?
Mr. Ruhe also sells snakes. He either has them in stock or will shoot a wire to one of the 35 representatives he has scattered all over the world and they’ll arrive, wriggling and fangy, in due time. There is no set price on the crawlers, however . . . you buy by the foot.
You can get a boa constrictor for as little as $5 per 12 inches, while a 25-foot python costs close to $1,000.
For more than 30 years Mr. Ruhe’s family has operated a private menagerie at the edge of a cemetery in Queens County, within sight of the spires of Manhattan. Yet thousands pass by each day, never suspecting that within the three-acre enclosure is as lovely a collection of snarling public enemies as ever roamed through a nightmare. The farm bears the name of Louis Ruhe, who founded the business a century ago.
A high fence of heavy wire surrounds the zoo, where animal consignments from all over the world are assembled. With its barns, runways and aviaries for its furred and feathered lodgers, it is a distributing point, where the animals remain a couple of weeks before they are routed to permanent homes.
Right now Mr. Ruhe has a terrific problem of supply and demand. He’s being swamped with orders for livestock, but the war and the crimp it has put in the shipping business has left him far behind in calls. Africa and India have always been his happy hunting grounds, but he’s taking no chances of a valuable cargo coming in the way of a torpedo, so he has shifted to South America.
If the animal purchaser wants his specimen badly enough, and if Africa is the sole habitat, Mr. Ruhe obliges. But his ships have to travel around the cape of Good Hope instead of through the Suez Canal, which is virtually closed to commerce. Animals with weak sea legs get mighty wobbly by the time the journey is completed, but Mr. Ruhe rarely loses any.
He’s had a few vivid and some sad experiences, though, and some mighty big scares. There was the time a Siberian snow leopard, a full-grown, beautiful animal with the conscience of a dictator and the appetite of a cannibal, escaped from a crate while being taken via the Trans-Siberian Railway over the Ural Mountains into Europe. The big fellow roamed the forests for a week, swooping down on grazing herds and devouring horses, cows and sheep, keeping the entire countryside in a state of virtual siege and causing villagers to barricade themselves in their houses night and day. Finally he was cornered in a ravine, but no amount of kitchy-kooing could persuade him to enter a cage So they had to shoot him.
Ruhe’s biggest headache, however, was the time he lost $80,000 on an expedition into Ethiopia in the years before the war, when the Negus ruled supreme.
The expedition, after considerable trouble, had gathered together 35 giraffes; and giraffes bring $7,000 a pair. Before they would leave, however, the leaders set their hearts on a plain and fancy assortment of snakes. So orders went out to the safari to make a detour ( into the snake country.
But while it was perfectly all right with the tribesmen to go around chasing elusive but comparatively harmless giraffes, the prospect of going on a snake hunt held no appeal for them. They expressed their dissent violently, and the safari leaders argued just as strenuously that snakes it will be, or they don’t go back.
It wasn’t long before the tribesmen let out war whoops and a full-scale rebellion was on. In the terrific melee which ensued, the crates housing the giraffes were burst open, and every one of them skittered away through the jungle. It was a beautiful right hook to the Ruhe pocketbook.
Zoos and circuses aren’t Mr. Ruhe’s only customers, however. He’s the man who stocked up William Randolph Hearst’s San Simeon ranch with deer, antelope and other gentler representatives of wild life. The estates of George F. Getz and Frank Phillips also were animalized by him.
Before he supplies animals to private estates, however, Ruhe makes a personal tour of the grounds to make certain adequate shelters are available and the proper kind of enclosures are provided. If he thinks the animals won’t be comfortable or happy there, he recommends changes. It’s best if the animal finds as close a resemblance as possible to his natural habitat.
He’s careful about this, just as he’s careful about everything that concerns the well-being of his animals. He’d talk for hours about the futility of killing them, firmly believing that they should be displayed alive after capture. , “These wealthy game hunters,” he snorts, “hire themselves a crew of gunmen and guides, outfit a comfortable expedition and they all go out to blaze away at some poor animal.”
Mr. Ruhe takes five or six trips across the continent each year, visiting zoos to find out what replacements they want and what new animals they could use. He spends half the year in travel, the other half at his menagerie, his warehouse in the Bowery, or his office.
Meanwhile, if you’re on his prospective customer list, you’ll receive his catalog regularly and can just have a whale of a time window-shopping through it. Some of the commodities listed, for example, include ring-tailed motmots, yellow tail troupials, scimitar bablers, hooded pittas, yellow shoulder wydahs, grevy zebras, anubus (adult, medium and young), a macro-pus ualabatus (black-tailed wallaby), a sooty, half-grown mangabey and a red faced macaque.
Step right up and name your poison, gents—and if you don’t see what you want, ask for it!
Birds are Ruhe’s most popular subject … he sells from 200,000 to 300,000 each year and sometimes the figure runs to half million. He is, incidentally, also the largest canary dealer in America.
Here are some more prices he quotes on standard animal brands:
Hippopotamus——————————-$3,000
Bengal tiger……………………………………………. 2,000
Lion………………………………………………………….. 1,200
Chimpanzee ———………………………….. 350
Orangutan ……………………………………………… 2,000
Jaguar …………………………………………………….. 700
Mr. Ruhe didn’t quote us any price, and, as a matter of fact, we didn’t even ask him—but we imagine if you’re interested he might even be able to get you Frank Buck.
New Patents Forecast Your 1942 Car (Jun, 1940)
BOYS WANTED (Mar, 1922)
Electric Pin Boys Never Go Home (Mar, 1946)
Boys Build A Cyclotron (Nov, 1947)
SEX WORRIES of TEENAGE BOYS (Jan, 1959)
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Home2018July
An Evening of Poetry with Keki Daruwalla – Chaired by Edwin Thumboo 29 July 7pm
July 27, 2018 July 27, 2018 fasswebmaster Announcements, Events edwinthumboo, poetry
Join eminent Indian poet, Keki N Daruwalla, for an evening of poetry, conversation and share his rich creative journey at the National Library. Chaired by poet Edwin Thumboo, visitors will also be able to discover more about each poet’s works from the National Library’s Literary Arts collection at a mini-book display. This event is organised by The Department of English Language and Literature, National University of Singapore.
Keki N Daruwalla
Indian poet and writer Keki N Daruwalla (b. 1937) is a recipient of the Commonwealth Poetry Prize for Asia (1977), Sahitya Academy Award (1984) and the prestigious Padma Shri Award (2014). He has written 10 poetry volumes, five short fiction collections, two novels and his third novel Swerving to Solitude is in press with Simon & Schuster.
Edwin Thumboo
Singapore poet and Emeritus Professor at the Department of English Language and Literature Edwin Thumboo (b.1933) has published several volumes of poetry including award-winning poems “Ulysses by the Merlion” (1979) and “Gods Can Die” (1978).
WP chief addresses grads at NUS commencement (20 Jul, Home, Page B4)
July 23, 2018 fasswebmaster FASS in the News
This was a report on the NUS commencement ceremony organised on 19 July 2018 for NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS) graduates. The ceremony featured Mr Pritam Singh – an FASS alumnus and Secretary-General of the Workers’ Party – as guest speaker. About 470 political science, psychology and global studies graduates were conferred their degrees at the ceremony.
Why Singapore’s social stratification may be inevitable, but not insurmountable
July 17, 2018 July 17, 2018 fasswebmaster FASS in the News
This was an interview with Associate Professor Tan Ern Ser from the Department of Sociology at the NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences on the increasing class divide in Singapore which, if left unchecked, could threaten the ties that make Singapore a nation.
In conversation with Syed Farid Alatas (29 Jun)
July 6, 2018 July 11, 2018 fasswebmaster FASS in the News highlight, highlights
The Daily Observer
This was an interview with Professor Syed Farid Alatas from the Department of Sociology at NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, who shared his views on the emergence and augmentation of alternative discourses of non-western thinkers in the process of universalising and internationalising the social science.
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Powerful enzyme could make CRISPR gene-editing more versatile
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-02540-x
NEWS · 28 February 2018
Revamped Cas9 protein could work on more sites in the genome, and with fewer unwanted effects.
Heidi Ledford
An enzyme modified in the laboratory could boost the utility of CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing by allowing researchers to tinker with more sites in the genome — while also reducing the risk of undesired changes.
These features could make the enzyme, called xCas9, a laboratory staple, says David Liu, a chemical biologist at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, who led the work. But it will need more testing before its full potential becomes clear, he adds. The study is published today in Nature1.
Since its introduction about five years ago, CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing has become a key tool in many biology laboratories around the world. The technique allows researchers to make changes to the genome at specific sites with much greater ease than previous methods, but it still has some frustrating limitations.
One is the need to have a specific DNA sequence, called a PAM sequence, next to the site to be modified. Different Cas9 enzymes found in nature require different PAM sequences. The Cas9 most commonly used in laboratories was isolated from the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, and its PAM allows researchers to target about one out of every sixteen sites in a genome.
That’s good enough for many applications: researchers who want to disable a gene, for example, can select many sites within that gene to edit. But PAMs can become restrictive when researchers are trying to make very specific changes, says biochemist Albert Jeltsch of the University of Stuttgart in Germany.
This could include researchers who are studying how particular DNA sequences, or chemical modifications to specific DNA letters, affect gene expression. “Relief from the PAM restriction is quite important,” says Jeltsch. “Some of these elements are quite small, and then the restriction can be quite relevant.”
Sharpening molecular scissors
To find a way around this, Liu and his colleagues harnessed a method that forced Cas9 to evolve rapidly in the laboratory, accumulating mutations that allowed it to cut next to a variety of PAM sites. Eventually, they ended up with xCas9, which can cut DNA at sites near a broad range of PAM sites and could target one-quarter of sites in a genome.
The team tested its enzyme on dozens of sites in the genome, and combined it with tools called base editors to allow it to swap one DNA letter for another. To Liu’s surprise, xCas9 was also less likely to cut at other sites in the genome than the standard laboratory enzyme.
The same approach could be used to alter other variants of the Cas9 enzyme, including the relatively small Cas9 proteins that some hope to use for gene therapy, says bioengineer Prashant Mali of the University of California, San Diego. Those proteins, he says, tend to have frustratingly restrictive PAM sequences.
Synthetic biologist Stanley Qi of Stanford University in California calls the work “dazzling”, and says his team is eager to try it in the laboratory. “I am amazed that the new Cas9 has both broader PAM recognition and higher specificity,” he says. “That’s amazing biology.”
Hu, J. H. et al. Nature http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature26155 (2018).
1232 릴리 '시람자' 간암 말기 임상시험 성공 이성욱 2018/04/07 443
Powerful enzyme could make CRISPR gene-editing more versatile 이성욱 2018/03/01 399
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A bit of history, alive and singing
by David Budin
Jackie Washington, aka Jack Landrón, today.
You’ve never heard of one of the most important people in history. Probably. A tiny percentage of the people who read this article will recognize the name Jackie Washington (though some of those might be thinking of one of the two other semi-famous Jackie Washingtons). The Jackie Washington I’m talking about is performing at Nighttown on Nov. 11, which I find amazing, because he's historic, and because it is such a rare appearance.
Here’s why, in a ridiculously simplified overview, I think Jackie Washington is historically significant: The late-'50s and early-to-mid-'60s folk music scene encompassed the Folk Revival and the original singer-songwriter movements. Following the Kingston Trio’s million-selling single “Tom Dooley,” on Capital Records, which took everyone by surprise in 1958, all of the other labels signed a few folk artists, hoping to cash in on what they determined was a folk music fad. There were some smaller, newer labels at that time who did believe that folk was here to stay—most notably Folkways, Elektra and Vanguard—and signed artists who were good, and not necessarily potential commercial successes.
Jackie Washington was one of those who signed with Vanguard Records. But why was that so important? Because several things happened to come together right at that time: The Baby Boomers had reached high school and college age; they had spending money; rock music was becoming insipid (between the first wave of rock pioneers and the Beatles) and many Boomers were looking for something more substantial; radio was now a big deal, with millions of (mostly Boomer) listeners; records were selling in the millions; and, at the same time, there were suddenly a lot of burgeoning social movements—including anti-war, civil rights, women’s, ecology, Native American, and others—and folk music was a great way to impart messages about those movements.
So, what about Jackie Washington? Well, though there have been musicians throughout history who have written and sung message songs—like Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie in the 1940s—the songs were heard by relatively small numbers of people, who may have heard the songs only once or twice. But in the '60s—when Bob Dylan, and Tom Paxton (who has written, I’d guess, at least a half-dozen songs you’ve heard), Phil Ochs (the country’s most prolific '60s protest-song writer), Buffy St. Marie (who wrote everything from Native-American message songs to hits by Elvis Presley and others) and several more singer-songwriters sang their topical songs (and Joan Baez, Judy Collins and many others also performed those songs)—for the first time in history millions of people could hear them, and could own the records on which they appeared.
Oh, yeah—Washington: So, when Dylan, Paxton, Ochs and all the others were kids just starting out in the music business and trying to get gigs at Club 47 (the heart of the singer-songwriter movement) in Cambridge, Mass., and in the Greenwich Village folk clubs, there were already a few folk singers playing in those clubs—performers like Carolyn Hester, Bob Gibson, Dave Von Ronk, Eric Von Schmidt and Jackie Washington. And it was they who taught and inspired those kids, who, of course, became much better known than their mentors.
So because Washington, one of the most popular early-'60s performers at the legendary Club 47, was among those who mentored Dylan and his peers, and because Dylan et al helped, probably more than any other single way, to disseminate the messages about the important movements of the time, and because those movements changed the world, then Washington is one of the most important people in history.
But I can’t blame you for not being aware of him. He recorded four albums in the 1960s, but they have not been reissued on CD, so they’re rare. Washington, who was born Juan Candido Washington y Landrón in 1938, in Puerto Rico, and grew up in Boston, has mainly worked as an actor, in movies and on stage and TV, using the name Jack Landrón, since the '60s.
In 2012, he released his first album in 45 years, Curbside Cotillion, also under that name. When you see him at Nighttown, you’ll be watching a bit of history.
Jackie Washington; Nighttown, 12387 Cedar Road, Cleveland Heights; Nov. 11, 7 p.m.; tickets are $20; http://www.instantseats.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=buy.event&eventID=CB9D1B69-0D41-AE74-EF34B67B6724ECD8.
David Budin
David Budin is a freelance writer for national and local publications, the former editor of Cleveland Magazine and Northern Ohio Live, an author, and a professional musician and comedian. His writing focuses on the arts and, especially, pop-music history.
Read More on Songs and Stories
Volume 7, Issue 11, Posted 6:43 PM, 10.30.2014
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394. Babar Ali
Youngest headmaster in the world
Babar Ali is an Indian student and teacher from Murshidabad in West Bengal. He was called the “youngest headmaster in the world” by BBC in October 2009, at the age of sixteen.
Babar Ali is still a student himself, enrolled at the government-run Raj Govinda school in Berhampore, West Bengal. In the afternoons, starting at 4:00 p.m., he in turn teaches students in a school he founded in his parents´ back yard in Murshidabad. He had begun teaching at nine years of age, mostly as a game, and then decided to continue teaching other children at a larger scale.
Currently (October 2009), the school continues to be run as an outdoor school and counts a total of ten teachers including Babar Ali himself, all of them students at school or college who volunteer to teach at the school.
There are 800 children learning at the school, starting from four or five years of age. That the school is tuition-free makes it affordable for the poor in this economically deprived area, so that the school has been recognised to have helped increase literacy rates in the area. In Murshidabad there had been no governmental or private schools. Pupils come from nearby villages and walk up to four kilometres in order to attend their lessons.
Babar Ali succeeded in having his school recognized by the local authorities when he realised that this would entitle its pupils to the portion of free rice given to pupils at the end of the month by the government.
In 2009, Babar Ali won a prize from the programme Real Heroes Award of the Indian English news channel CNN-IBN for his work.
393. Ali Musliyar
Ali Musliyar was one of the prominent leaders of the Moplah Rebellion of 1921 in Malabar, South India. He hailed from Tirurangadi. The rebellion was an uprising in 1921 against Hindus in the Malabar by Mappila Muslims, and he was one of the three of the principal leaders of the rebellion. Up to 28 August 1921, British administration had virtually come to an end in Malappuram, Tirurangadi, Manjeri, and Perinthalmanna. These places came into the hands of the rebel leaders who established a complete ascendency over some talukas.
392. Sheeba Ameer
The first person to win the V.T.Bhattathiripad Award. Solace is her brain child and is the chief architect for its formation. She is dedicated and sincere to her cause.she is the recipient of Ramankutty Achan Award in 2008 for best Social Worker. She was selected the Vanitha Women of the Year 2011 and CNN Real Hero Award 2011.Her book “Nadannu Poyaval” received the “Awani Bala” Award. Her new book Aazhathil Pathinja Chitrangal has just been published.
Sheeba Ameer, a house wife, after seeing her 13 year old daughter battle cancer decided to step out of her home to help other parents of terminally ill children. She runs an organisation 'SOLACE' which acts as a support system for many parents in Kerala. For these parents, Sheeba is a friend, a saviour and their Real Hero. Nita Ambani Felicitating the efforts of Sheeba.
Daya Bai, (right) recipient of the P. K. A. Rahim Memorial Award, donating the prize money to Sheeba Ameer of Solace, an organisation that serves children with long-term illnesses, at the award-presentation ceremony in Thrissur
Solace has been the brain child of our secretary Mrs. Sheeba Ameer who has been actively involved in Pain and Palliative Care Society, Trichur for the past seven years. For a long period she was nurturing this idea of setting up an organization dedicated for the care and support for children with incurable/long term illnesses. Her vision was to provide a comprehensive care for the children which include support for curative treatment as well as palliative care. This was not possible in the pain & palliative care society in which she was working. Unlike adults; palliative care for children is more challenging. In the case of children palliative/oncology interface is very crucial. Aggressive treatments are quite often rewarding in pediatric malignancies, the only problem being the enormous expenses of such treatments. After care of these illness prone children are really an uphill task in financial terms . The personal care of these children also requires utmost hygienic conditions. At time these children may suddenly succumb to infections marring all the otherwise regained hopes and aspirations of the patient and parents. Cost of medicines and related expenses to overcome the infections are indeed unaffordable to such poor parents. Usually the parents are devastated both financially and mentally.
Having gone through the pain of seeing her thirteen-year-old daughter battle cancer, Sheeba Ameer, a house wife, decided to step out of her home to help other parents of terminally ill children. Today her organisation SOLACE acts as a support system for many parents in Kerala who cannot afford expensive treatment for their children. For these parents, Sheeba is a friend, a saviour and their Real Hero.
Source : solace.org.in, realheroes.com
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Thinking Off the Page
Kent B. Van Cleave
They talk about "thinking outside the box" as a way to break out of conventional thinking patterns and find new solutions to pesky problems. The term comes from a puzzle called "The Nine Dots." You see the nine dots in this figure, top right. You're told to draw no more than four straight lines connecting all nine dots without lifting your pencil from the paper. The standard solution, shown in the center, tends to elude people because you have to extend lines outside the box formed by the dots themselves.
Sometimes you aren't even aware of the assumptions that might be preventing you from finding a solution. So let me illustrate just one way you can become aware of such assumptions and then work around them. What if you wanted to draw just one line through all the dots? Could you? Well, yes ... if you changed the nature of the space you're working in. Go to a spherical geometry, say. A line drawn just so through the three dots on the left will go around the sphere, run through the center three dots, then come around again through the last three.
Some readers might be looking for just a couple of practical examples of good creative thinking. I'll be dealing primarily with more abstract ideas right here, but I can offer what might be helpful cases from my years editing the Mensa Bulletin for the famous high-IQ society. If that's of interest, just click here. Otherwise, here we go....
For those who develop the automatic tendency to look at significant events deeply, seeking important ramifications that others will miss by focusing only on what they see before them, it's possible to get a head start on preparing for really important changes in the world. For me, the outstanding instance came on September 11, 2001, as I forced myself to look as far beyond the surface of events as I could (at the time). What I realized was so disturbing that I immediately sent a letter to the editor off to key newspapers around the country. It ran the next day, September 12, 2001, in the Los Angeles Times (third letter in this special archive):
Tuesday's horrendous events have produced immediate devastation unprecedented in our short history of domestic terrorism. Tens of thousands of lives may have been snuffed out. As hard as it may be to contemplate, these losses were probably not the primary goal of the terrorists. More likely they were merely bloody stepping stones along which to prod the U.S. toward becoming, irretrievably, a police state. Those who truly hate America will be most interested in watching our government pull the plug on our Bill of Rights--already in critical condition as "collateral damage" in the war on drugs and the war for votes. The sweetest revenge against America will be watching the "land of the free and the home of the brave" become, by our own hand, the "land of papers, please, and the home of staying home."
Kent Van Cleave
\o7 Bedford, Ind.
Who knows; maybe the many hours I've spent since then trying to draw attention to the erosion of rights in America have done some good. Others recently have been much more successful at bringing the issue to light, so it's probably time for redoubled efforts.
By the way, if you haven't questioned the standard assumption about Islamist terrorists (they are motivated by a hatred for everything America stands for, and live only to accomplish some destructive act that will diminish America's power, comfort, influence, or well-being), you might want to think deeper.
The most rewarding problems to solve, I think, are those that have eluded solution by others because of orthodox thinking -- especially due to unwarranted assumptions that rule out the correct solution right off the bat.
Probably the best historical example of this is the Copernican Revolution, when rejecting the comfy notion that humans were at the center of everything allowed one astronomer to consider that the Sun (not the Earth) might be the physical center of our immediate cosmological environment. Another prominent example is when Charles Darwin gave up the same basic assumption (humans are special) and discovered much about the how and why humans are related to other species on Earth.
The most important thing to notice about those examples is that they involved rejecting some idea that people found attractive, comfortable, flattering ... you get the idea. Whoa! I feel aphorism coming on....
Ego's the Enemy of Edification.
Flattery will get you 'most every time.
Pride goeth before a fall -- and might even keep you from noticing.
All my research in philosophy has stemmed from rejecting almost universally held, comfortable assumptions. I found a way to naturalize ethics, and how to make better sense of mental representation, for example. To begin the exploration at hand, though, I think we should start with a basic assumption I think is largely responsible for much of the grief in the world today: the idea that our political system works as advertised.
A cynic once said, "If voting made a difference, it would be illegal." I wouldn't go that far, but I have to say it's hard to avoid the conclusion that our political system is not designed to serve the people well. One dead giveaway is the fact that, of a whole lot of possible ways we could choose our leaders, all well understood by those who study electoral systems and have done game theoretical analysis on them, we are using the form of "democracy" least likely to satisfy voters across the board: plurality voting. On the other hand, one of the best systems could be implemented almost instantly, and is so familiar to voters they could walk in and get it right on the first try, doing nothing more than rating all the candidates as though they were judging events for the Olympics. It's called "range" or "score" voting.
I won't go into the details of range voting; you can check it out at Wikipedia and elsewhere if you're curious. The point is that our "two party" system has built-in safeguards for maintaining a political "duopoly," even if both major parties are strongly disliked by most voters! So-called "third parties" (ummm ... how many can be third, anyway?) routinely curse what they call the "wasted vote syndrome": if you don't vote for the major party candidate you hate the least, you risk helping elect the one you hate the most. It seems that a vote for an outsider in whom you really believe is a waste, at best. Yet isn't the whole point of elections having the people freely express what they do want, and having election outcomes reflect that?
Where the Republican and Democrat Parties are concerned, I've long been a member of the "pox on both their houses" party, you might say. So I was interested in dispelling the idea of "wasting" votes on non-establishment candidates. As is so often the case, the trick lay in simply believing there was a solution.
Consider a married couple who, election after election, go to the polls and vote opposite to one another, cancelling their votes out. Consider that maybe they were both holding their noses to vote for the least intolerable of the major candidates, and would have gladly voted for dark horse candidates if their votes weren't effectively being held hostage.
PROBLEM: "Wasted" votes.
SOLUTION: "Uncancelling" votes.
"I won't vote for my usual scoundrel if you won't vote for yours, and we can both vote our consciences for a change!"
Yeah, it's informal, and you have to trust your spouse (friend, co-worker, cousin, or other political counterpart) more than the strategy you've been following....
This is the VoteBuddy strategy I developed for the 2004 presidential election cycle. Come 2016 it will be time for another facelift for the website and a few more media interviews....
Election reform took the country by storm more than a decade ago. It was just too hard for some people to cast their ballots, but that's all been fixed now. The only downside was that you can't verify the integrity of elections anymore. See, we had to install electronic voting machines that provided no auditable trail in the event there was a call for a recount. No worries -- you need a recount, you just rerun the algorithm that gave you the initial results.
Maybe there's a problem when there's no way you can find out for sure whether the machine you used counted your vote ... or "fixed" it. Backing off on the sarcasm a bit, let me just say that your bank's ATM machine can readily confirm any transaction you make. You can see scans of your canceled checks or deposits online. What's so hard about verifying people's votes? Ah ... privacy. How do you record your vote so that it can be verified, yet keep it secret too?
PROBLEM: Deterring electronic election fraud.
SOLUTION: Open data.
Traditionally, voters cast secret ballots, and once all of those are collected they are counted to determine the election's outcome. That outcome is ruined if illegitimate ballots are added, legitimate ones are lost or changed, or the tabulation process diverges from strict counting and recording. Opportunities for fraud occur from beginning to end in such a system.
But, with electronic voting, it is actually simplest and most secure if the vote collection and the tabulation occur simultaneously. When a vote is cast for a candidate, it immediately increments the recorded total for that candidate -- at the precinct, county, state, and national levels (as applicable) all at once. Then, if the running totals for all the candidates are published effectively on-the-fly (hence the term "open data"), they can't be changed later without detection. If all, and only, legitimate ballots are accepted, the election is good.
The best way to make sure ballots are valid is to store a record of their contents in an election database. The record wouldn't identify the voter, but could only be created with a valid voter ID number (which expires once used). The voter would create a personal code to be added to the record, and would receive a receipt of the entire record after voting. The personal code would enable online access to the record at any time. When any voter can verify the accuracy of her vote, and any person can retrieve the database with all recorded ballots and check their own tabulation against official results, any tampering with the database or with the running cumulative totals for candidates is open to exposure. While fraud probably can't be prevented outright, it can be put in public view for ready exposure. And that may be the most reliable approach to elections we'll ever have.
Natural rights is a topic that has been difficult for philosophers to pin down. Most people think it's self-evident that life and liberty are natural rights, but it isn't clear what else should be included. Worse, it's not clear what makes something a natural right. I think the problem has been that we imagine natural rights as an almost ineffable, Platonic quality, when they readily explained simply as a consequence of being social organisms.
PROBLEM: What are natural rights?
SOLUTION: The Opportunity Theory of natural rights.
I think natural rights are simply types of opportunity that humans have absent interference from (or with) other humans. I say "types" of opportunity because we need to lump them together for convenience. I can live my life on Tuesdays, in Greece, or in countless other contexts, but we really just want to speak of my general right to life.
My life is one form of natural property (I have exclusive natural control over it); other kinds of natural property derive from mixing your life with stuff in the world, you might say: transforming, say, a bunch of grass (not taken from anyone else) and weaving yourself a hat. In doing so you create for yourself the opportunity to use the hat exclusively (or set the terms for when and how others may use it) so long as interference doesn't rear its ugly head. Indeed, that sort of rightful exclusivity of use is the very essence of property -- which makes the idea of owning, say, the Sun downright ridiculous (and figures into controversies over land ownership).
We choose the term "right", I think, because of the implied possibility of being wronged. And we usually don't imagine our rights being violated by non-humans. If a hunter on safari becomes lunch for the local lions' club, we don't wail about his rights. So I think our talk of rights is really about the need for a social convention among humans -- one whereby people don't interfere with one another.
Being free of interference by others doesn't mean being apart from them. Our rights aren't diminished by peaceful and voluntary interactions with others -- and in fact, such interactions are opportunities we have unless someone else meddles. They're among our most important rights.
Civil rights are important, too, but they come along with membership in organized polity. They involve equality in the eyes of the law, with such things as voting rights, trial by a jury of one's peers, no special privileges for anyone, etc. Civil rights are conventions rather than natural opportunities.
One consequence of my view is that pretty much every kind of peaceful and honest human activity turns out to be a right, and some people might object to that. A reasonable inference from it is that governments should be libertarian, leaving unmolested those who just want to be left alone, compelling no involuntary relationships among people, and treating as exceptions only those individuals, such as minors, who just can't be fully responsible for themselves. A government whose only business is to prohibit unprovoked harms (including assault, theft, extortion, broken contracts, fraud, etc.) and obtain redress (from the guilty, not from "society") when they happen is, in my view, about as good as government can get. Maybe the only good government possible.
On my view, other social animals have natural rights just as we do. They often have social norms against particularly eggregious forms of interference by their fellows, though it's doubtful that they concern themselves with interference in the abstract. Now, what we call "animal rights" is a different matter, not being about how we think they should treat one another. In this case our concern is how humans should treat our fellow creatures. I think my opportunity theory might illuminate discussion of the matter, but it's a separate issue.
The real value of natural rights as an abstraction is that it provides a shortcut for identifying violations. You don't have to puzzle out classes of opportunity. All you need is to spot someone interfering with someone else without provocation. Interference in order to prevent or remediate unprovoked interference by someone else (say, stopping a beating) or protecting those who can't help themselves (pulling a child out of traffic) are naturally desirable in a society.
I don't know how helpful such examples of "thinking off the page" are, but I hope that reading just a little about the thought processes might make it easier for others to become comfortable using them -- not only solving problems, but identifying ones they otherwise would have missed. And I hope others will find, as I have, a bit of a thrill in applying a fresh and sometimes seemingly outrageous perspective to the challenges they find in life.
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