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A Reform That Offers Hope for Centrists
James Broughel
You wouldn’t know it from reading the headlines, but the coming days could represent a turning point in the partisan gridlock that has paralyzed our country for years — if we are willing to come out of our ideological corners and work together toward common goals. Virginia did just that by passing a law that focuses on a narrow subset of red tape that both Democrats and Republicans loathe.
The “Regulatory Reduction Pilot Program,” expected to be signed into law soon by Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam (D), highlights how meaningful reforms are achievable with cooperation from both major political parties, even in the Trump age.
On the surface, the law is similar to many of the regulatory reform bills being introduced elsewhere. It aims to reduce regulations and other similar requirements by 25 percent over a three-year period. But in this case, the law targets dictates from two state agencies: Virginia’s Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Department of Criminal Justice Services.
There is a lot for both parties to like about this legislation. Republicans around the country are zeroing in on regulation that hinders growth and limits economic opportunity. While some occupational licensing regulations can make sense, others create unnecessary hoops for people to jump through before they can earn well-paying jobs to support their families. These laws also protect established professionals and businesses from competition from new upstarts.
Meanwhile, Democrats and others who prioritize fair treatment for vulnerable populations also have something to like. The burdens of licensing often fall disproportionately on people with low incomes , as well as groups like military spouses and immigrants. This was among the conclusions of a 2015 report from former President Obama’s Council of Economic Advisors.
The report seems to have lit a fire under the licensing reform effort, but free-market economists like Milton Friedman have railed against these laws since the 1960s. Licensing reform illustrates a sweet spot whereby libertarian economics and progressive concerns come together, and helps explain why the narrowly Republican-controlled legislature in Virginia is working closely with a newly elected Democratic governor.
Like occupational licensing, criminal justice is another area where the two sides find common ground, and it relates to another issue that’s easy to agree on: over-criminalization.
Academic research suggests there may be as many as 3,600 to 4,500 federal criminal offenses. Furthermore, Congress creates new crimes at a rate of about 57 per year. But this doesn’t account for many “regulatory crimes” (crimes for violating administrative regulations as opposed to traditional criminal laws that target activities like murder or burglary) or crimes found in state and local statutes and regulation.
One estimate from 1990 put the number of these federal regulatory crimes at over 300,000. That number sounds high, but consider that Virginia has more than 130,000 regulatory restrictions on its books, and some states have as many as 300,000 of their own.
Not every restriction can result in criminal sanctions, but a sad consequence of the ever-growing regulatory state is that, eventually, we may all become criminals. And when everyone is a criminal, those who enforce the law — be they local police, federal investigators, or regulators — have to find a way to prioritize whom to prosecute and whom to leave alone. If these enforcers have perfect judgment, there is nothing to worry about. But we can’t expect that, they may inevitably be tempted to selectively enforce the law.
Some of us worry about unfair treatment of minorities by the police; others complain about allegedly being targeted by agencies such as the Internal Revenue Service. The rise of regulation explains both phenomena: An overly complicated legal system invites abuse and spawns injustice.
Despite the tribalism all around us, the red and blue teams are working together in Virginia. If the pilot program is successful, it can be extended to other regulatory agencies and serve as a model for other states. More important, it’s a reminder that finding common ground isn’t as elusive as we think. There may just be a way out of the partisan morass.
State and Local Regulations
Untangling Hair Braider Deregulation in Virginia
Edward J. Timmons , Catherine Konieczny
Radio Appearance
James Broughel on WSVA Radio (Virginia)
Occupational Licensing and the Poor and Disadvantaged
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Regulatory Process Reform
Mercatus Events
Slippery Slopes: What Economics Can Teach Us About the Future of Public Policy
<p> <a href="http://bsmith.com/restaurant_dc.php"> <strong>B. Smith's in Union Station</strong> </a> <br /> 50 Massachusetts Avenue, NE<br /> Washington, DC 20002</p>
Dr. Mario J. Rizzo
Policy debates frequently revolve around so-called "slippery slopes." They appear in discussions about all kinds of social, economic, and legal issues. But are slippery slopes real, or simply a rhetorical device?
The logic of a slippery slope argument is straightforward: a decision made today will affect the normative framework by which decisions are made tomorrow. Frequently it is argued that the enactment of a relatively neutral policy will lead to the creation of negative policies in the future. All sides of issues from taxation to euthanasia rely on slippery slope arguments, and they play a major role in the policy making process.
Applying insights from economics, history, logic, and philosophy, Professor Rizzo will explain the fundamental attributes of slippery slope arguments and help participants better evaluate them. Professor Rizzo's background as a scholar of law and economics as well as ethics and economics make him uniquely placed to help those involved in the policy arena decipher questions about the merits of different slippery slope arguments.
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K-8 Programs
How a K-8 School Assembly Program Can Teach Children about Climate Change
Last updated: Never
According to Scientific American, “deforestation in tropical rainforests adds more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than the sum total of cars and trucks on the world’s roads.” Specifically:
“The reason that logging is so bad for the climate is that when trees are felled they release the carbon they are storing into the atmosphere, where it mingles with greenhouse gases from other sources and contributes to global warming accordingly. The upshot is that we should be doing as much to prevent deforestation as we are to increase fuel efficiency and reduce automobile usage.”
Are children learning about the causes of climate change in the classroom?
This would come as a surprise to many of America’s science teachers, 30% of whom are still telling their students that climate change is the result of “natural causes.” An equal number are teaching that the case for climate change being man-made is “unsettled science.” Among those who do spend time discussing the scientific case for climate change, on average they devote an hour or less to the subject. That’s not surprising, considering the vast amount of curricular material K-8 teachers are required to cover in a given calendar year. The bottom line, however, is that America’s children do not acquire even rudimentary knowledge about climate change and its causes in the classroom.
Are parents picking up the slack?
A recent Monmouth University poll found that most Americans’ understanding of climate change and its causes is woefully deficient. Fewer than 30% of survey respondents agreed that climate change is due principally to human activity. Most parents simply don’t have the time to read scientific journals, receiving what little information they have on media reports and politicians whose views on the subject tend to be partisan rather than objective. In addition, parents assume that students get the information they need in the classroom.
What can K-8 schools do?
Fortunately, there’s a solution. For more than a quarter century, Mind Your Planet has provided K-8 schools throughout the mid-Atlantic region with solidly educational assembly programs which address important cultural and scientific issues like multiculturalism, diversity, and endangered species. Our presenters have both the knowledge and skill to provide this important information in an entertaining format, utilizing multi-media tools and audience participation. The result: students leave both better informed and inspired to learn even more. Among our more popular presentations is one which teaches children about climate change, among other important issues: Project Rainforest.
Inspiring the imagination
When it comes to teaching children, the rule of thumb is that you have to grab their attention and capture their imagination. In all of our presentations, we utilize tools like video, storytelling and audience participation to do just that. Project Rainforest, for example, includes a seven-minute video that demonstrates the interconnection between these forests and their indigenous animals, and lets children see first-hand the impact of deforestation.
Students who participate in this assembly leave with an increased understanding of and appreciation for not only the relationship between deforestation and climate change, but also the diversity of life in this delicate ecosystem, the many products which come from the rainforest for human use, and its stunning beauty.
Opportunities for continued learning in the classroom
Project Rainforest inspires children to learn more after they leave the presentation, providing teachers the opportunity to develop innovative lesson plans which extend and deepen their understanding. For example, teachers can ask students to write essays on their experience, engage in special projects, and create oral presentations in which they share the results of individual research.
To learn more about Mind Your Planet, or to schedule a presentation for your school, please contact us today.
Rainforest Education Programs
Written by : Bruce Segal
© 2016 Mind Your Planet | Privacy Policy
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Fives Machining Systems Opens Service Center in Northwest U.S.
The Seattle, Washington, center will provide access to repair and technical services for customers in the U.S. Northwest.
Edited by Jedd Cole
Associate Editor, Modern Machine Shop
Fives Machining Systems, Inc.
Fives Machining Systems, Global Services has opened a service center in Seattle, Washington, adding to the company’s four existing North American Service Centers. The Seattle Service Center will stock spare parts, repair unit assemblies and dispatch service engineers for customers in the Northwestern U.S. Gerald Turner will be the center’s director.
The Fives Service Centers are intended to proactively assist customers in maximizing machine performance, and the company’s skilled technicians and engineers are said to provide a wide range of machining capabilities and expertise. “We believe that understanding our customers’ operations is the best way to offer them customized service solutions that will increase their return on investment,” says Gary Finney, vice president and general manager of Fives Machining Systems Global Services. “We handle everything from spare parts, field service, unit repairs, machine certifications, rebuilds and control retrofits across a variety of industries including aerospace, automotive, energy, defense and heavy equipment.”
The network of regional service facilities is located such that technician teams can quickly provide maintenance services to help customers nearby.
Subscribe to Modern Machine Shop Magazine
Access the Full Modern Archive
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FDA Expands Keytruda Label to Include Refractory or Relapsed Lymphoma
Pivotal study shows 69% response rate
The FDA has granted accelerated approval to pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck), an anti-programmed death receptor-1 (anti–PD-1) therapy, for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL) or those who have relapsed after three or more prior lines of therapy. Under the agency’s accelerated approval regulations, continued approval for this indication may be contingent on the verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.
Pembrolizumab was approved for use in adults with refractory or relapsed cHL at a fixed dose of 200 mg and in pediatric patients at a dose of 2 mg/kg (up to a maximum of 200 mg). Pembrolizumab is administered intravenously every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs, or for up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.
The FDA’s accelerated approval was based on data from 210 patients with relapsed or refractory cHL enrolled in the open-label, nonrandomized KEYNOTE-087 study. The primary efficacy measures included the objective response rate (ORR), the complete remission rate (CRR), the partial remission rate (PRR), and the duration of response. Fifty-eight percent of the patients were refractory to their last prior therapies, including 35% with primary refractory disease and 14% whose disease was chemorefractory to all prior regimens. In addition, 61% of the patients had undergone prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT); 36% had undergone prior radiation therapy; and 17% had not received brentuximab.
The efficacy analysis showed an ORR of 69%, with a CRR of 22% and a PRR of 47%. The median follow-up period was 9.4 months. Among the 145 responding patients, the median duration of response was 11.1 months.
Pembrolizumab was discontinued because of adverse events (AEs) in 5% of 210 patients with cHL, and treatment was interrupted because of AEs in 26% of the patients. Fifteen percent of the patients experienced an AE requiring systemic corticosteroid therapy. Serious AEs occurred in 16% of the patients. The most common serious AEs included pneumonia, pneumonitis, pyrexia, dyspnea, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and herpes zoster. Two patients died from causes other than disease progression; one from GVHD after subsequent allogeneic HSCT and one from septic shock. The most common AEs included fatigue (26%), pyrexia (24%), cough (24%), musculoskeletal pain (21%), diarrhea (20%), and rash (20%).
Pembrolizumab is now approved for the following indications:
Patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma
Patients with metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have high programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, and no prior systemic chemotherapy for metastatic NSCLC
Patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1, as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy
Patients with recurrent or metastatic head-and-neck squamous-cell carcinoma with disease progression during or after platinum-containing chemotherapy.
Adult and pediatric patients with refractory cHL or those who have relapsed after three or more prior lines of therapy
Sources: Merck; March 14, 2017; and Keytruda Prescribing Information; March 2017.
Keytruda Scores New Indication for Specific Refractory or Relapsed Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma June 19, 2018
FDA OKs Adcetris Label Expansion for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma March 23, 2018
FDA to Consider Expanded Label for Nivolumab (Opdivo) for Treatment of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Patients April 14, 2016
FDA Approves New Lymphoma Indication for Adcetris November 10, 2017
Positive Phase 3 Results Reported for Keytruda in Patients With Advanced NSCLC June 16, 2016
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Buttigieg goes home to South Bend after man killed by police
INDIANAPOLIS (AP) — South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg pulled himself off the presidential campaign trail Monday after the fatal shooting of a black man by a white police officer in his hometown forced him to confront issues of race and policing.
The Democrat canceled several days of campaign events after returning to South Bend, where he spent the day meeting with community members and faith leaders following the shooting of 54-year-old Eric Jack Logan early Sunday.
Sgt. Ryan O’Neill had been responding to a call about a suspicious person going through vehicles when he spotted Logan leaning inside a car, St. Joseph County Prosecutor Ken Cotter said. When confronted, Logan approached the officer with a 6- to 8-inch knife raised over his head, Cotter said. That’s when O’Neill fired twice, with the other shot hitting a car door, Cotter said.
The shooting presents both political peril for a candidate who’s struggled to connect with minority voters and an opportunity to show leadership on issues of race and policing that are critical — and personal — for much of the Democratic primary electorate.
Buttigieg has transformed from a relatively obscure 37-year-old mayor to a top-tier candidate in a crowded Democratic presidential field. His handling of the shooting could also test his ability to navigate the demands of the campaign trail while still performing his day job.
“I did consider it important to be here to have these conversations,” Buttigieg said in South Bend on Sunday after cutting short a campaign trip. “I know that whenever an incident like this happens, there is tremendous hurt that can come about. That the city will be hurting.”
Asked by a reporter how the shooting might affect his presidential bid, Buttigieg declined to answer, saying, “Right now I’m here as mayor.”
The white mayor has had a sometimes-tense relationship with the black community dating back to his first term in office, when he fired the city’s first black police chief. He has also faced criticism for his handling of police misconduct cases, including a case involving an officer who was twice disciplined for civil rights violations but not fired, and for not having a police department that reflects South Bend’s diversity. Roughly 40% of the city’s residents are black or Hispanic; the department is almost 90% white.
Buttigieg said Sunday that he was sometimes hesitant to speak publicly after shootings involving police earlier in his time as mayor and that he heard from the black community that he needed to be more open and transparent.
“One of the reasons we’re communicating up front right now is because of lessons learned from members of the community,” he said.
Logan’s wife, Shafonia Logan, told reporters after meeting with the police chief Sunday night that she had many questions about what happened to her husband of 13 years. She said her husband called her early Sunday asking her to pick him up, as he was out with friends, but she was in bed, and he replied that he would walk to his mother’s house a few minutes away.
“I don’t know what happened or what they say — he was breaking into a car?” she said. “Was that justified for him to shoot and kill him about breaking in a car?”
Shafonia Logan said that she never knew her husband to carry a knife or a gun and that he was afraid of police officers. She also questioned why her husband was taken to a hospital in a police car rather than in an ambulance.
She said her husband had five children from other relationships.
Logan was released from prison in June 2018 after serving a sentence for a 2009 St. Joseph County conviction on three felony counts of dealing cocaine or narcotics, according to Indiana Department of Correction records. He had other convictions since 1988 on drug possession and handgun violation charges.
Cotter said no police video exists of the confrontation as the officer’s dash and body cameras weren’t automatically activated because he was driving slowly without his emergency lights on while looking through a parking lot.
DeRay McKesson, who began protesting the police killings of black men in 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri, and has advocated for reforms addressing policing and communities of color, also said there are many questions left to be answered. He said that Buttigieg made the right choice to leave the campaign trail.
“We will all be watching to see how Buttigieg deals with this latest case of a police officer killing a citizen,” McKesson said. “He is still the mayor of South Bend. In leaving the campaign trail to be the leader he was elected to be, we will get perhaps the best glimpse into how he makes decisions under public pressure.”
Buttigieg initially canceled Monday campaign events in New York, then later canceled a Tuesday trip to California, where he had a series of fundraisers scheduled, including one at the home of director and producer Ryan Murphy and his husband.
The candidate has proved to be a fundraising juggernaut, raising more than $7 million in April alone, according to a person close to the campaign who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss financial details.
Harris blasts Jeffrey Epstein then takes money from his law firm on same day
Senator: Bureau of Land Management moving from DC to Colorado
Trump administration abortion restrictions effective immediately
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2-419 To the Commanding General Fort Knox, Kentucky, April 8, 1941
To the Commanding General Fort Knox, Kentucky
April 8, 1941 [Washington, D.C.]
I am planning to leave here about three P.M. today for Fort Knox and to leave Knox about eleven A.M. tomorrow. It may be that a White House meeting will prevent the trip but I will radio you later. Request no publicity no honors no ceremony no change in schedule no party. Acknowledge.
Document Copy Text Source: Records of the Army Staff (RG 319), War Department, Chief of Staff of the Army, Miscellaneous Correspondence, National Archives and Records Group, Washington, D.C.
Document Format: Typed radio message.
Recommended Citation: ThePapers of George Catlett Marshall, ed.Larry I. Bland, Sharon Ritenour Stevens, and Clarence E. Wunderlin, Jr.(Lexington, Va.: The George C. Marshall Foundation, 1981- ). Electronic version based on The Papers of George Catlett Marshall, vol. 2, “We Cannot Delay,” July 1, 1939-December 6, 1941 (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), p. 469,
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Originally published April 30 2014
BLM land grab now expanding to Texas; AG Abbott defiantly warns 'Come and Take It'
by J. D. Heyes
(NaturalNews) On the heels of its attempt to deploy a small army to Nevada in a bid to collect back fees from rancher Cliven Bundy, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) now has its sights set on grabbing land in Texas, only state officials there have a message for the federal agency: "Don't."
According to Breitbart News, the agency is currently reviewing a potential federal takeover of 90,000 acres along a 116-mile stretch of land along the Texas/Oklahoma border, even though the land is in private hands and has been deeded property of Texas landowners for generations.
Sid Miller, a former Texas state representative and current GOP candidate for the Texas Agriculture Commission, has since made the matter a campaign issue.
"In Texas," Miller said, "the BLM is attempting a repeat of an action taken over 30 years ago along the Red River when Tommy Henderson lost a federal lawsuit. The Bureau of Land Management took 140 acres of his property and didn't pay him one cent."
Miller was referring to a 1986 case in which the BLM seized some of Henderson's land. Henderson sued the agency but wound up losing 140 acres that had been in his family for decades. And now the BLM is using his case as a precedent to take tens of thousands more acres of privately held land.
'Come and take it'
That has Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott fighting mad.
"I am about ready to go to the Red River and raise a 'Come and Take It' flag to tell the feds to stay out of Texas," he told Breitbart News in an exclusive interview.
In response to the agency's intentions, Abbott has sent a strongly worded letter to BLM Director Neil Kornze, a former top adviser to Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., seeking answers to a series of questions related to the land grab.
"I am deeply concerned about the notion that the Bureau of Land Management believes the federal government has the authority to swoop in and take land that has been owned and cultivated by Texas landowners for generations," Abbott wrote. "The BLM's newly asserted claims to land along the Red River threaten to upset long-settled private property rights and undermine fundamental principles--including the rule of law--that form the foundation of our democracy. Yet, the BLM has failed to disclose either its full intentions or the legal justification for its proposed actions. Decisions of this magnitude must not be made inside a bureaucratic black box."
'No such legislation was ever enacted'
In his interview with Breitbart News, Abbott said:
This is the latest line of attack by the Obama Administration where it seems like they have a complete disregard for the rule of law in this country ...And now they've crossed the line quite literally by coming into the State of Texas and trying to claim Texas land as federal land. And, as the Attorney General of Texas I am not going to allow this.
In his letter, Abbott challenged Kornze directly:
"Nearly a century ago, the U.S. Supreme Court determined that the gradient line of the south bank of the Red River--subject to the doctrines of accretion and avulsion--was the boundary between Texas and Oklahoma. Oklahoma v. Texas, 260 U.S. 606 (1923). More recently, in 1994, the BLM stated that the Red River area was '[a] unique situation' and stated that '[t]he area itself cannot be defined until action by the U.S. Congress establishes the permanent state boundary between Oklahoma and Texas.' Further, the BLM determined that one possible scenario was legislation that established the 'south geologic cut bank as the boundary,' which could have resulted 'in up to 90,000 acres' of newly delineated federal land. But no such legislation was ever enacted."
Abbott is running for Texas governor against Democratic state Sen. Wendy Davis.
http://www.breitbart.com
http://dailycaller.com
http://www.thewire.com
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Networks: Cab cull makes city slicker
New York City could make do with a taxi fleet as much as 40 per cent smaller than the one currently used, reports a paper published this week in Nature. This finding could become even more relevant in the years ahead, as fleets of networked, self-driving cars become commonplace.
Information and communication technologies have enabled new solutions for urban mobility, including on-demand vehicles. However, a fundamental unsolved problem is how best to size and operate a fleet of vehicles without causing delays to the passengers or requiring them to share taxis.
Mohammad Vazifeh and colleagues developed a network-based approach for analysing this issue, in which individual vehicles (not individual rides) are shared across the transport network. The authors test their scheme against the 150 million taxi trips taken in New York City over the course of one year and find that the city could indeed reduce cab use with prior knowledge of the trips to be taken. They calculate that the same service could have been provided with a fleet 40 per cent smaller than the one currently used. When the scheme is modified to work with real-time, rather than historical information, the authors find that to serve more than 90 per cent of trips, a reduction in fleet size of around 30 per cent is still possible.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0095-1 | Original article
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Quick off the Dribble on Hard Court News
Grading the Bulls: Derrick Rose
A look at the player performances of the 2012-13 Chicago Bulls roster
By Bryan Crawford
Published Jun 12, 2013 at 12:21 PM
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You might be asking yourself, how can you give a player a grade when he didn’t play a single minute during the regular season and the playoffs? Well, we can't. Not really, anyway.
But just because he didn’t suit up, doesn’t mean we can’t evaluate Derrick Rose on his season.
In 2012-13, Derrick Rose’s biggest competition was himself. Instead of fighting through defenders on a nightly basis, he was in the gym fighting to get back on the court on a daily basis. And in the beginning, that was cool.
Fans were anxiously awaiting a miraculous comeback and stood behind the superstar 100 percent in his rehab and push to get himself healthy again. But as the weeks turned into months and those months turned into a new calendar year, fan patience began to wear thin and questions on when D. Rose would suit up again permeated the local news cycle and social media at large.
Then the infamous announcement came that doctors had cleared Rose to play again, yet he was still continuing to take his time in rehab, and that’s when it all began to go downhill. With every Bulls game, whether they won or lost, fans slowly began to become irate that Rose was not out there with his teammates, and the once beloved hometown kid quickly became Public Enemy No. 1.
His physical and mental toughness were questioned, as was his ability to lead. His pregame workouts became an indictment and him sitting on the bench in a suit became the subject of countless memes.
From an organizational, team and player standpoint, things certainly could have been handled better. Fans were angry and felt like they were left hanging because there was never an "official" statement made on his playing status. And to the fans' credit, much of their negativity was rooted in the fact that they just wanted to see Derrick Rose play basketball again, which is understandable.
But at the end of the day, throughout all of the things that were said and stories that were written, Rose stayed above it all. He listened to his body – as an athlete should – not the outside chatter. He didn’t succumb to the pressure and come back sooner than he was ready, and the support of his family, friends, teammates and the organization meant more to him than media and fan support.
Through it all, D. Rose stayed true to himself and he handled the negativity better than a large majority of athletes would have, while continuing to put in the necessary work to get back to his pre-injury level. All of these things are to be celebrated because when he comes back, he’ll be a better player than he was before and people will wonder why they ever questioned Derrick Rose in the first place.
Grade: Incomplete
*Note: If we were grading Derrick Rose on how he handled all of the negativity thrown his way this season, then that would certainly be deserving of an A+ grade.
Follow Outside Shot on Twitter (@Outside_Shot) for more Bulls news and information
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Springsteen, McCartney, Kanye Set for Sandy Show
Madison Square Garden storm relief concert announced for 12.12.12
Published Nov 15, 2012 at 9:49 AM | Updated at 9:51 AM CST on Nov 15, 2012
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Kanye West will join Bruce Springsteen, Paul McCartney, Alicia Keys and other performers in a concert for Sandy relief on Dec. 12 in New York.
Paul McCartney, Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band and Kanye West will hit the stage at a Superstorm Sandy benefit concert next month at Madison Square Garden.
MSG announced Thursday that Billy Joel, The Who, Alicia Keys and Jon Bon Jovi will also perform at the Dec. 12 show, dubbed "12-12-12." More performers will be announced at a later date.
Proceeds from the concert will go to the Robin Hood Relief Fund to benefit those affected by Sandy in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. Sandy's assault more than two weeks ago created widespread damage and power outages throughout the area.
Looking Back at Hurricane Sandy's Devastation
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Main Research
People in Oxford who have osteoarthritis of the knee are being invited to take part in a national charity-funded clinical trial to find a more effective treatment.
Fiona Watt with PROMOTE trial
The Arthritis Research UK clinical trial aims to find up to 160 people to take part around the country, at least eight patients will be recruited at the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford.
The trial will establish if a drug called methotrexate, commonly taken by people with rheumatoid arthritis, can also be effective in treating osteoarthritis: a completely different condition.
Osteoarthritis is a common condition of the joints, affecting around six million people in the UK, and caused largely by degeneration of cartilage at the ends of bones, and also inflammation, leading to pain and stiffness.
"Current treatments for knee osteoarthritis are limited in that they only work for short periods and are not suitable for many people," explained rheumatologist Dr Fiona Watt, who is leading the local arm of the trial.
"As a result, they often live with severe pain and have significant difficulty in carrying out their normal day-to-day activities. There is therefore an urgent need to find new and better ways of managing their pain."
Methotrexate is successfully and widely used to treat inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, which is a serious auto-immune condition.
Recent studies have suggested that inflammation is also important in causing pain in osteoarthritis. Pilot studies which showed that 37% of patients with knee osteoarthritis who took methotrexate had a 40% reduction in their pain.
The clinical trial, run at the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre by researchers from the Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, NDORMS, University of Oxford will recruit people with moderate to severe osteoarthritis of the knee, who are not getting benefit from traditional treatments such as painkillers. Half of those recruited will take methotrexate for 12 months and the other half will take a placebo tablet. Patients will also complete a questionnaire every three months.
To find out more please contact Angela Nauth, recruitment officer at the OA trials office at the University of Leeds, where the study is based, on 0113 3924965 or email oatrials@leeds.ac.uk
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Milford Daily News obits for Saturday, June 30, 2007.
Vera M. Burns
FRANKLIN - Vera M. (Cheney) Burns, 94, formerly of Upton, died Thursday, June 28, 2007, at Franklin Skilled Nursing & Rehabilitation Center, after a period of declining health.
She was the wife of Arnold G. Burns, who died in 1977, for 37 years.
Mrs. Burns was born in Hopkinton, the daughter of the late Harry A. Cheney and Mabel (Gibbs) Cheney. She attended public schools in Hopkinton and was a graduate of Framingham State College.
Mrs. Burns was a resident of Upton for most of her life and was a member of the Congregational Church of Upton. She was a loving homemaker and a person who had a great love of nature, animals and the outdoors. She loved to ski and walk. She also loved to travel, taking trips to Maine, Nova Scotia and Florida.
Mrs. Burns knew the name of almost every flower and plant in Massachusetts, as well as the trees and shrubs. Her father was a fruit farmer and a well-known and respected naturalist and historian.
She leaves her son, Ronald C. Burns and his wife, Frances, of Bellingham; her daughter, Lorna M. Sgammato and her husband, John, of Plymouth; one granddaughter, Melissa St. Hilaire and her husband, Jeremy Graham, of Los Angeles; and several cousins.
Private funeral services will be held at the convenience of the family with cremation to follow.
Funeral arrangements are under the direction of the Edwards Memorial Funeral Home, 44 Congress St., Milford.
Agnes V. Fitzgerald
NORTHBRIDGE - Agnes V. Fitzgerald, 81, of Northbridge, died Thursday, June 28, 2007, at Milford Regional Medical Center, after a period of declining health.
Born in Framingham, the daughter of the late Thomas F. and Christina A. (Rogers) Fitzgerald of Milford, she was a resident of Douglas House and Northbridge House before moving in with her shared living providers, Barbara and Rodney Gallagher.
She leaves her brother, Edward Fitzgerald of Holliston; her extended family, Barbara and Rodney Gallagher and family, with whom she lived in Northbridge; the many friends and support staff of Alternatives Inc.; her cousin, Mary Keegan of Woonsocket, R.I.; and many nieces and nephews.
She was also the sister of the late Charles Fitzgerald of Milford, Thomas Fitzgerald of Holliston, Eleanor (Fitzgerald) Dec, and Dorothea Bell of Milford.
She enjoyed her social times at Alternatives Senior Enrichment Program and at Beaumont Day Program. She loved sharing time with her family and friends. She enjoyed flowers and animals, especially cats.
A calling hour will be held Tuesday, July 3, at Jackman Funeral Home (jackmanfuneralhome.com), 12 Spring St., Whitinsville, from 10:30 to 11:30 a.m., to be followed by a funeral Mass at St. Mary Catholic Church, Pearl Street, Milford, at noon.
Burial will follow at St. Mary's Cemetery, Milford.
Memorial donations may be made to Alternatives, 54 Douglas Road, Whitinsville, MA 01588.
Joseph P. Rojee Sr.
MEDWAY - Joseph Paul Rojee Sr., 92, of Medway, died Friday, June 29, 2007, after a long illness, in the home where he was born in Medway.
He was the husband of the late Genevieve G. (Perkins) Rojee, who died in 1987.
Born in Medway, the son of the late Hickel and Nellie (Cram) Rojee, Mr. Rojee was a lifelong Medway resident.
Mr. Rojee worked for the Watertown Arsenal for 18 years and at the Natick Labs for eight years, as a tool and die maker. He was the caretaker of St. Joseph Cemetery in Medway for many years.
Mr. Rojee was well known in the Medway area for his decorating company, Rojee Decorating, which he began in 1935, and it continues to this day supplying floats for parades throughout New England.
Mr. Rojee served on the Medway Fire Department for 43 years, retiring as a captain.
He was a member of the St. Joseph Men's Club, the Medway Democratic Committee and St. Joseph Band, and was in the Coast Guard Auxiliary. He enjoyed bowling and playing cribbage.
He leaves his sons, Michael Rojee and his wife, Nancy, of Medway and Robert Rojee of Medway; his daughters, Catherine Chenard and her husband, Norbert, of Medway, Shirley Paulette and her husband, Frederick, of Medway, Madeline "Sugar" Mill and her husband, John, of Medway, "Honey" Tibbetts and her husband, Richard, of Jacksonville Beach, Fla., and Suzi Thornhill and her husband, James, of Franklin; his daughter-in-law, Rosemarie Rojee; two sisters, Theresa Lewis of Medway and Sadie Curley of Rockledge, Fla.; 29 grandchildren; 53 great-grandchildren, and one great-great-granddaughter.
He was the brother of the late Madeline, Ceila, Naif, Elias and Frederick Rojee, Julia O'Leary and Rose Cunningham, father of the late Joseph P. Rojee Jr., and grandfather of the late Thomas Rojee.
The funeral will be held Monday, July 2, from the Ginley Crowley Funeral Home (ginleyfuneralhomes.com), 3 Barber St., Medway, at 9:15 a.m., followed by a funeral Mass in St. Joseph Church, Village Street, Medway, at 10.
Burial will be in St. Joseph Cemetery.
Calling hours will be Sunday, July 1, from 4 to 8 p.m.
Instead of flowers, memorial donations may be made to the Joseph P. Rojee Sr. Family Scholarship, c/o Medway Coop Bank, 70 Main St., Medway MA 02053.
Matthew J. Troland
UXBRIDGE - Matthew James Troland, 5 months, died Wednesday, June 27, 2007, at home, surrounded by his parents and family.
Born in Milford, he was the son of Matthew Troland and Angela M. Johnson of Uxbridge.
Matthew loved visiting Southwick Zoo.
Besides his parents, he leaves his maternal grandmother, Gail (Keating) Johnson and maternal great-grandmother, Rita (Bibeau) Keating, both of Hopedale; paternal grandparents, James and Mary (Kearnan) Troland of Bellingham; and paternal great-grandparents, James and Eileen Troland of Walpole; aunt and godmother, Meghan Troland of Bellingham; and uncle and godfather, Richard Johnson of Hopedale.
The funeral will be held Monday, July 2, at 10 a.m., from Cartier's Funeral Home, 151 South Main St., Bellingham, with a Mass of Christian burial at 11 a.m., in St. Blaise Church, 1158 South Main St., Bellingham.
Calling hours will be Sunday, July 1, 6 to 8 p.m.
Memorial donations may be made to SMA New England Chapter, P.O. Box 2902, Woburn, MA 01888.
Dorothy E. Whalen
MILFORD - Dorothy E. Whalen, 87, of Milford, formerly of Mendon, died Wednesday, June 27, 2007, at the UMass Memorial Healthcare, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, after a period of declining health.
She was the widow of William J. Whalen, who died in 1965.
She was born in the Dorchester section of Boston, the daughter of the late Edward F. and Mary (Gilligan) June, and lived in Mendon before moving to Milford more than 50 years ago. She attended the former St. Mary's parochial school and graduated from the former St. Mary's High School in Milford. She then attended the former Milford Hospital School of Nursing.
She leaves three sons, Edward J. Whalen and his wife, Deborah, of Augusta, Maine, Robert M. Whalen and his wife, Sunee, of Albuquerque, N.M., and Francis J. Whalen of Bellingham; seven daughters, June M. Donnelly and her husband, Philip, of Milford, Sheila Melanson and her husband, John, of Bellingham, Christine P. Whalen of Milford and Patty Wilkes and her husband, Charles, of Hurst, Texas; Helen Pleau and her husband, William, of Millville, Debra Moniz and her husband, Joseph, of Alverado, Texas, and Catherine Villani of the Whitinsville section of Northbridge; 13 grandchildren, John and Michelle Melanson, Christine Creasia, Marjorie and Nicole Pleau, Victoria Johnson, Zachary Moniz, Sean and Patrick Whalen, Joshua Nunnally, Antonio and Chloe Villani and Irene Berry; nine great-grandchildren; and several nieces and nephews.
She was also the mother of the late William J. Whalen Jr. and the sister of the late Francis J. June of Marina del Ray, Calif., and Edward J. June of Bridgewater.
The funeral will be held Tuesday, July 3, at 9 a.m., from the Edwards Memorial Funeral Home, 44 Congress St., followed by a Mass of Christian burial at 10 a.m., in St. Mary Church, Winter Street.
Burial will follow in the parish cemetery on Cedar Street, Rte. 85.
Calling hours will be held Monday, July 2, from 5 to 8 p.m. at the funeral home.
Instead of flowers, memorial donations may be made to the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, PO Box 505, Milford, MA 01757.
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Shop Barrie Wentzell
← Back to Shop Barrie Wentzell
Jimmy Page, Led Zeppelin, 1970 by Barrie Wentzell
Select Size 11"x14" edition of 50, Silver Gelatin Print16"x20" edition of 50, Silver Gelatin Print20"x24" edition of 50, Silver Gelatin Print30"x40" edition of 50, Archival Digital Print
Barrie Wentzell’s photography career is diverse, spanning the worlds of fashion, music and advertising. After a chance encounter, Wentzell photographed a young Diana Ross, an image that was featured on the cover of The Melody Maker. At the time, The Melody Maker was England’s most renowned music publication. Wentzell was signed as the exclusive chief photographer for the paper from 1965 to 1975. During this time he photographed icons such as The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Jimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton. His vast archives also include celebrated artists like Louis Armstrong, Aretha Franklin and Joan Baez.
More from Barrie Wentzell
Diana Ross, 1965 by Barrie Wentzell
Jimi Hendrix, Contact Sheet, 1969 by Barrie Wentzell
Jimi Hendrix photographed at his Brook Street home.
Terms and Condititions
Louis Armstrong, 1968 by Barrie Wentzell
Louis Armstrong performing at the Victoria Palace Theater in London.
James Brown, 1971 by Barrie Wentzell
James Brown in England, 1971.
Johnny Cash, 1968 by Barrie Wentzell
Alice Cooper, 1973 by Barrie Wentzell
Elton John, 1972 by Barrie Wentzell
Elton John & Bernie Taupin, 1970 by Barrie Wentzell
Elton John with frequent collaborator Bernie Taupin. The two worked together on over thirty albums and Taupin wrote lyrics for some of John's biggest hits, such as "Rocket Man", "Tiny Dancer" and "Candle in the Wind".
Eric Clapton, 1969 by Barrie Wentzell
Eric Clapton at home, 1969.
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MSW introduces Science on a Sphere to public this weekend
https://www.mrt.com/entertainment/tv/article/TV-picks-for-the-week-of-Jan-4-7398877.php
TV picks for the week of Jan. 4
By Dale Roe | Austin American-Statesman
Published 4:29 am CST, Monday, January 4, 2016
Keith Urban, from left, Jennifer Lopez, Harry Connick, Jr. and Ryan Seacrest. "American Idol" will begin its 15th − and farewell − season with a special two-night, four-hour premiere event Wednesday, Jan. 6, 2016, and Thursday, Jan. 7. less
Keith Urban, from left, Jennifer Lopez, Harry Connick, Jr. and Ryan Seacrest. "American Idol" will begin its 15th − and farewell − season with a special two-night, four-hour premiere event Wednesday, Jan. ... more
Photo: Michael Becker
In addition to your favorite shows returning from winter break, new mid-season programs are starting to appear. Here’s what’s coming up on television this week:
“Superstore,” 7 p.m., NBC: It’s a workplace comedy set in a big-box store.
“Superhuman,” 7 p.m., Fox: Kal Penn hosts this new reality competition.
“The Bachelor,” 7 p.m., ABC: Season 20 begins. We do like our trash, don’t we?
“The Biggest Loser: Temptation Nation,” 8 p.m., NBC: Season 17 begins.
“Independent Lens,” 9 p.m., PBS: Learn how Hollywood helped to incite rebellion in 1980s Romania in “Chuck Norris vs. Communism.”
“Hollywood Game Night,” 7 p.m., NBC: Season 4 begins.
“New Girl,” 7 p.m., Fox: New night, new season, same old girl.
“Dance Moms,” 8 p.m., Lifetime: A new season begins.
“The Shannara Chronicles,” 9 p.m., MTV: Teens battle demons in this new series.
“American Idol,” 7 p.m., Fox: One more season and it’s finally over.
“Mike & Molly,” 7:30 p.m., CBS: A new season premieres.
“People’s Choice Awards,” 8 p.m., CBS: Jane Lynch hosts.
“It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia,” 9 p.m., FXX: Season 11 begins.
“American Crime,” 9 p.m., ABC: Season 2 begins.
“Man Seeking Woman,” 9:30 p.m., FXX: Season 2 begins.
“My Diet Is Better Than Yours,” 8 p.m., ABC: Anybody’s diet is better than mine.
“Angel from Hell,” 8:30 p.m., CBS: Jane Lynch stars as a smart-aleck angel.
“Shades of Blue,” 9 p.m., NBC: Jennifer Lopez plays a NYPD detective-slash-informant.
“The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret,” 9 p.m., IFC: Tune in and find out how everyone survived the destruction of the planet.
“In Performance at the White House,” 8 p.m., PBS: Audra McDonald, Smokey Robinson and others perform.
“Mythbusters,” 8 p.m., Discovery: Season 19 begins.
“J. Cole Forest Hills Drive: Homecoming,” 9 p.m., HBO: The rapper returns home to Fayetteville, N.C., for this profile.
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Meet 12 (soon to be 13) year-old Jack Henningsen, who has been taking guitar lessons for just under 1 year, and also plays the violin in school! Jack’s favorite song is “Don’t Stop Me Now” by Queen, and his overall favorite band is The Beatles. Jack really likes his guitar lessons mainly because he gets to choose the songs he wants to learn, and gets all of the support he needs in learning with his instructor. He likes practicing just after school when there is some quiet time in the house.
When Jack looks at his future in music, he is happy with his current instruments he has chosen and wants to continue to grow with them. For now, his goal is to get to a level in his abilities where he would be able to make music with his friends. If Jack could play his guitar anywhere outside of the US, he would choose England. However he likes the variety of music available here in the states including rock, country, and jazz, and likes playing music here with people he knows!
According to his guitar instructor Andy, Jack is a very fast learner, and has been burning through his song list and exercises with impressive speed. His song choices have been ambitious and they are currently making great headway in learning “Stairway to Heaven” by Led Zeppelin. Jack also recently played “Dust in the Wind” by Kansas at our recent student performance evening in front of our music community. Keep up the great work Jack!
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« GREEN DAY to Premier ¡Quatro! Highlights on VH1 | Main | Paul McCartney, Elton John, AC/DC and Bob Dylan lead Grammy Hall of Fame inductees »
RENNAISANCE Guitarist/Composer Michael Dunford Passes Away
MUSIC NEWS- Michael Dunford, musical composer and guitarist of the progressive Brit folk/rock band Renaissance passed away on Tuesday, November 20, 2012. He had recently returned home after the band wrapped up the first leg of their North American concert tour. He suffered a massive Instantaneous Cerebral Hemorrhage while dining at his home in Surrey, England on Monday night and was rushed to a local hospital where doctors declared his condition irreversible and terminal. He passed away at 11:06 pm GMT, his family at his side, without having regained consciousness.
The reclusive and soft-spoken composer, a mainstay in the world of progressive rock, was born, raised and educated in Surrey. His first job was selling clothing in a local shop followed by a stint as an airside driver at Heathrow Airport which enabled him to form a “skiffle” group. This lead to his first rock band called Nashville Teens in the early 1960s. Nashville Teens reached #6 on U.K. singles charts with their version of Tobacco Road. After leaving them, he formed several other bands including The Pentad and The Plebes. One night he saw the original Renaissance performing live at a local venue and ended up joining them in the early 1970s. The original band members were Jim McCarty, Louis Cennamo, John Hawken, Keith Relf and Jane Relf.
Dunford , Jon Camp and vocalist Annie Haslam took over Renaissance’s reins in 1971 and soon had established the group as a world class recording and touring act, selling out venues like New York City’s Carnegie Hall and The Royal Albert Hall in London. They would go on to release over a dozen albums before eventually parting ways in the mid-1980s. However, they would continue to write new material together and in 2001 reunited the band to record a new studio album, tour the following year, and release a live album. After another sabbatical, the refreshed line-up with new members, including NJ's Rave Tesar, Mark Lampert, Joe Goldberger, was introduced to the world and captured for posterity on Turn of the Cards and Scheherazade and Other Stories Live 2011.
Earlier this fall, Dunford and current Rennaisance members completed their first new studio album in twelve years, Grandine il Vento. The new set was recorded stateside at Studio X in Ridgewood NJ. All the music on the new album except for one track was composed and arranged by Dunford and features him on acoustic guitars and backing vocals.
Michael Dunford is survived by his wife Clare, two sons William (13) and Oliver (10), and sister Judy Kendall. Services will be held at Woking Crematorium at a date to be announced.
Posted in Classic Rock, Obits, Prog Rock, Video Streaming | Permalink
My thoughts and prayers to the family and the band. A true artist will be missed. His band and Annie's voice brought great pleasure to my life!
Posted by: ron lonicki | Nov 22, 2012 at 08:31 PM
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August 22, 2011 By Ichiro
Good Bye Miss Peach
We were very sorry to hear about our friend Miss Peach.
In her honor our Woman is going to wear the necklace that we won from Misses Peach not long ago. And maybe have some peach tea.
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Arts and Design-Related
The Arts and Design-Related (A&D) Archetype comprises employment in films, television, sound recording, advertising, book and magazine publishing, and performing arts and artists. Arts- and design-related industries tend to cluster in large cities,[1] and this is true of the GGH, where A&D represented almost 113,000 jobs. The Archetype has shown above-average job growth - some 10,000 additional jobs, or an increase of almost 10 percent, between 2006 and 2016.
Table 11: Arts and Design Archetype Employment, GGH, 2006 and 2016
Archetypes total
Total GGH core employment
Total GGH employment
Not only does A&D employment tend to concentrate in the largest cities, but within those cities has a strong tendency to cluster in central areas. One study for U.S. cities found that of a selection of advanced industries, arts and culture industries were the most highly clustered at the regional scale, and as well the most clustered in the central city.[2]
Research by Gregory Spencer on the location of arts-related firms in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver mirrored the findings for U.S. cities: locational patterns were similar in all three Canadian cities.[3] Arts-related businesses tended to locate at the edges of the central business district, in older, denser, mixed-use, transit-served, and walkable areas. There was considerable overlap between living and working; many arts workers lived and worked in the same neighbourhoods, often in the same premises. In fact our data show that in this Archetype, many worked at home - representing 34,000 jobs in 2016 (in addition to the 113,000 jobs at a usual place of work indicated in Table 11).
The pattern for A&D employment in the GGH is consistent with these observations. Employment in this Archetype is mainly concentrated in and at the edges of Downtown Toronto, extending east and west along Queen Street. There is scattered employment elsewhere in the region, but no secondary concentrations outside the central area. In fact, the City of Toronto accounted for almost two-thirds of GGH jobs in the Arts and Design-related Archetype. (See Maps 11 and 12.)
The edges of the core tend to contain a tight and fine-grained mix of uses, including residential neighbourhoods, a wide range of industries, shops, services, and meeting places like cafes. These are dense older urban areas with low- or mid-rise buildings - although in some areas with intense development pressures, taller buildings are being built. Many businesses are located in repurposed former factory or warehouse buildings, which have proved very flexible and attractive to a wide range of new businesses. As well, these areas tend to have higher levels of transit service.
Some of the scattered A&D employment outside Downtown Toronto and its edges could include relatively large employers in television broadcasting studios or film production locations. These locations require large studio facilities, often with extensive truck and vehicle parking. Some are currently found on the 401 in Scarborough (CTV), or in the Don Mills office park (Global TV), for example. New large-scale production facilities have recently been announced for Markham and Mississauga.[4]
Research has found that individual arts and culture industries benefitted by co-locating with other industries, especially design with art; music with film; and performing arts with music, as well as other knowledge-intensive industries (such as technology and media) and amenities such as cafes.[5] Older, denser, mixed-use, transit-served and walkable areas offer the possibility of social interaction and networking on both formal and informal bases, in a sector characterized by smaller firms, supporting production that is often organized on a project-by-project basis.
Globalization has affected the Arts and Design Archetype. Many industries have strong national and international roles. For example, Toronto is the third-largest film and television production location in North America, after Los Angeles and New York City.[6] Motion pictures, videos, and sound recording are all tradable industries. The film industry, for example, attracts foreign productions to shoot in Toronto, while Canadian-made movies can be sold in international markets.
Digital and communications technologies are also transforming these industries. This transformation includes the digitization of content (movies, books, TV shows, music, etc.), as well as the creation of new products and industries, such as mobile apps, e-learning, mobile gaming, and new services, such as music streaming. In some cases, opportunities are created by lowering barriers to entry (such as online publishing, marketing, distribution, and selling), and improving access to markets, including global markets. However, the same forces have also created increased competition in the home market from foreign sources.[7] Industries in this Archetype are still adapting to and exploiting change associated with new and emerging technologies.
Arts and culture industries have resisted migrating outside central areas, despite direct and indirect costs, such as congestion or high house prices. Researchers suggest that even in cities like New York, "particular geographies attain a competitive lock-in that is almost impossible to usurp."[8] There is some evidence, however, of some activities relocating away from central Toronto, to lower-cost locations, such as artists moving to Hamilton. Spencer notes a gradual shift farther away from the edges of the Downtown Toronto core, from Queen West to Parkdale to the Junction, [9] a push likely resulting from increasing rents in central areas and competition from other industries, like Soft Tech.
This shift raises an important issue: if the Arts and Design Archetype continues to expand, and given its particular urban characteristics, where will firms and employment locate in the GGH? Opportunities in the traditional types of urban environment sought by Arts and Design firms (central, older, flexible warehouse spaces) are becoming rare and/or unaffordable. This is a strategic land use planning question that a forward-looking land use plan could and should address.
Map 11: Arts and Design-Related Archetype Employment, GGH, 2016
Map 12: Arts and Design-Related Archetype Employment Change, GGH, 2006-2016
[1] Currid and Connolly, "Patterns of knowledge," 2008; Carl Grodach, Elizabeth Currid-Halkett, Nicole Foster, and James Murdoch III, "The location patterns of artistic clusters: A metro- and neighborhood-level analysis," Urban Studies 2014, 5 (13): 2822-2843; Gregory M. Spencer, "Knowledge neighbourhoods: Urban form and evolutionary economic geography," Regional Studies, 2015, 49 (5): 883-898.
[2] Currid and Connolly, "Patterns of knowledge," 2008.
[3] Spencer, "Knowledge neighbourhoods," 2015. Arts-related firms included in this study were: Motion picture/video, excluding movie theatres (NAICS 5121), sound recording (5122), radio and TV broadcasting (5151), specialized design (5414), performing arts companies (7111), and independent artists, writers and performers (7115).
[4] Tim Kelly, "Markham Movieland project gives big boost to TV, film production in city," Markham Economist and Sun, September 12, 2018; Tony Wong, "Why CBS set its sights on Mississauga for new TV production hub," Toronto Star, September 27, 2018.
[5] Elizabeth Currid and Sarah Williams, "Two cities, five industries: Similarities and differences within and between cultural industries in New York and Los Angeles," Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2010, 29 (3): 322-335, p. 331; Grodach et. al., "The location patterns of artistic clusters," 2013.
[6] Communications MDR, "Environmental Scan of the Culture Sector," Ontario Culture Strategy Background Document, prepared for the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, 2016, p.12.
[8] Currid and Connolly, "Patterns of knowledge," 2008, p. 429.
[9] Spencer, "Knowledge neighbourhoods," 2015, p. 893.
« Planning the Next GGH
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The changing economic landscape of the GGH
What kinds of economic activities should we be planning for?
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Emerging drivers of change
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Industry Archetypes
The regional economic landscape
Employment in the Greater Golden Horseshoe
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Vulnerability to Automation
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Planning the next GGH
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Kansas waterpark co-owner arrested in connection to child's death
Posted: 5:11 PM, Mar 26, 2018
By: 41 Action News Staff
KANSAS CITY, Mo. — Schlitterbahn Waterpark co-owner Jeff Henry has been arrested on charges related to the death of 10-year-old Caleb Schwab.
Henry is charged with murder, 12 counts of aggravated battery and five counts of aggravated child endangerment.
Henry was taken into custody in Texas and is currently being held by the U.S. Marshal Service.
In a statement Monday afternoon, the company said it was not surprised at the charges against Henry.
"We as a company and as a family will fight these allegations and have confidence that once the facts are presented it will be clear that what happened on the ride was an unforeseeable accident," the statement read.
Last week, several criminal charges were filed against Tyler A. Miles, a former assistant park manager, and the company itself. Those included felony involuntary manslaughter, 12 counts of aggravated battery and five counts of aggravated child endangerment.
Schlitterbahn and attorneys for Miles released separate statements saying they intended to fight the charges.
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Former monk Vincent Lewis has jail term increased for abusing young boys
Vincent Lewis from Coalisland
A 91-year-old former monk jailed for sexually abusing three boys is to have his sentence increased by 18 months, the Court of Appeal ruled on Friday.
Judges backed claims that the 10-and-a-half-year term originally imposed on Vincent Lewis for subjecting his young victims to a “shocking” series of attacks was unduly lenient.
Ordering him to serve 12 years instead, Lord Chief Justice Sir Declan Morgan highlighted the damage caused by the decade-long campaign of molestation.
Sir Declan said: “The effect on the victims was horrendous.”
Lewis, formerly Brother Ambrose of Our Lady of Bethlehem Monastery in Portglenone, Co Antrim, pleaded guilty to more than 50 offences committed between 1973 and 1983.
He abused one boy while still a monk, and targeted the others after marrying and moving to Annagher Road in Coalisland, Co Tyrone.
Some of the attacks were carried out at Portglenone Abbey, where his principal responsibility involved operating the printing press.
He also took one victim to isolated woods along the river where he had prepared a private place to carry out further assaults.
The scale of Lewis’s offending led to him being branded “an evil monk”.
In February 2018 he was sentenced to nine years and six months in custody, with a further year on probation.
Lawyers for the Director of Public Prosecutions challenged the term imposed, arguing that it was too lenient.
They contend that too much discount was given for Lewis’s age, and that the starting point in the sentencing process had been too low.
During the appeal it emerged that a further complaint has been received in connection with the former monk.
N.I. flag fury after Union Jack erected on Rathfriland water tower
Judges were also told he made financial contributions towards compensation paid out to victims.
Their ruling was delivered in his absence, with lawyers confirming he had not wanted to be brought from jail.
Lewis is the only offender aged over 90 in Northern Ireland’s prison population, the court heard.
He was said to spend his time attending the exercise yard in the morning, playing cards in the evening and regularly attending church services.
Based on the extent of his sexual offending, Sir Declan held that a starting point in excess of 20 years was appropriate before allowing discount for his age and other mitigating factors.
He confirmed: “We are satisfied that the sentence imposed was unduly lenient and we substitute for the commensurate sentence of 10 years six months a sentence of 12 years.”
No basis was established for including probation as part of the term.
Sir Declan added: “Because of this man’s age and his withdrawal from community activity no rehabilitative programme directed to his offending was either required or likely to be put in place.”
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Energy to Debut World’s Fastest Exascale Supercomputer by 2021
Dmitriy Rybin/Shutterstock.com
By Brandi Vincent,
Staff Correspondent
By Brandi Vincent
| May 7, 2019
Valued at more than $600 million, the next-generation technology will drastically reduce the time it takes to make new discoveries.
The most powerful supercomputer in the world will be built in the United States by 2021, the Energy Department announced Tuesday.
Created at Tennessee’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory and in partnership with supercomputer manufacturer Cray Inc. and chipmaker AMD, Energy’s next-generation exascale computer, “Frontier,” will solve calculations up to 50 times faster than today’s top supercomputers. It’s set to exceed an exaflop, or a quintillion (that’s 1,000,000,000,000,000,000) calculations per second.
Officials close to the project told reporters on a media call that the contract award is valued at more than $600 million.
“Frontier is an absolute beast,” Cray’s President and CEO Peter Ungaro said on the call. “And it’s not just big: It’s jam-packed with new technology.”
To put its power into perspective, Ungaro said Frontier’s network bandwidth could download over 100,000 HD movies in one second. He said the supercomputer will be roughly the size of two full basketball courts and will weigh in at about 1 million pounds, which is the equivalent of about 35 school buses.
There will also be more than 90 miles of cables inside the supercomputer. If they were laid out straight, the cables would span the distance between Philadelphia and New York.
Ungaro said it will be more powerful than the top 160 fastest supercomputers in the world today, combined.
“If every person on Earth completed just one calculation every second of every day, it would take them over six years to do what Frontier will do in a single second. It’s a pretty amazing machine,” he said.
According to a statement from Energy, the supercomputer will closely integrate artificial intelligence with data analytics, modeling and simulation to drastically reduce the time it takes scientists to make new discoveries.
“Frontier will accelerate innovation in AI by giving American researchers world-class data and computing resources to ensure the next great inventions are made in the United States,” Energy Secretary Rick Perry said in a statement.
Energy also said the supercomputer will be open to all industries and Oak Ridge Lab’s Center for Accelerated Application Readiness is currently accepting proposals from scientists to prepare their codes to run on Frontier.
In March, Energy announced a separate $500 million partnership with Intel and Cray to deliver the United State’s first exascale computer, Aurora, at Argonne National Laboratory by 2021.
NEXT STORY: Former Federal CIO: Artificial Intelligence Will Change the World
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Growing diversity of issues and advocates showcase 2019 FOI Summit
Submitted by NFOIC on Fri, 05/03/2019 - 9:33am
Issues and trends in state open government, public records and press freedom discussed
The National Freedom of Information Coalition concluded its 2019 FOI Summit in Dallas recently. The annual two-day conference features presentations from open government experts and practitioners on trending open government issues in state and local public institutions. This year’s event also celebrated the 30-year anniversary of the summit and NFOIC.
A diverse group of speakers and topics highlighted the sessions. Four new members were inducted into the State Open Government Hall of Fame. New features and formats were introduced, and selection of a new board president highlight the 2019 summit.
Summit sessions included online public record request portals; trends in state data management policies affecting public information; the growing role of litigation to obtain public records; how press freedom and open government challenges affect ethnic minority-centered news media; and a look forward to the future of state and local open government from technology, journalism and public sector perspectives.
A first-ever FOI research paper competition was held prior to the summit with the top three authors presenting their work. The other nine authors presented their papers at a poster session. The top three papers selected by a panel of judges included “Countering the Privatization of Public Records;” “Are Government Lawsuits Against Records Requesters SLAPP?;” and, “The Effects and Efficacy of Online Public Records Request Portals.”
Each year, the summit includes the State Open Government Hall of Fame induction ceremony. This year’s inductees were Brian Hunhoff (South Dakota), Richard P. McKee (California), Hyde Post (Georgia) and Laura Lee Prather (Texas).
During the NFOIC directors meeting, new board members Terry Mutchler and Tom Verdin were elected. David Cuillier was elected as the new board president, replacing Malcolm Leary who termed-out of the position after serving five years as NFOIC’s president. Academician, author and national speaker Cuillier has an extensive career in journalism, press freedom and FOI.
Kansas City will be the site for the 2020 National FOI Summit. For more information about the summit and links to content, please visit the 2019 FOI Summit web page (https://www.nfoic.org/foi-center/foi-summits/2019-foi-summit). View the summit program here.
NFOIC recognizes and thanks this year’s sponsors and contributors Bloomberg LP, the Charles Koch Institute, the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, C.W. Scripps Company, Quorum and the Brechner Center for Freedom of Information and the University of Florida College of Journalism and Communication.
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Anti-Vaccine Hype is a Threat to People with Cancer
By Sue Friedman, DVM
Vaccines and public health
Vaccines are an example of successful public health strategy to prevent disease. Thanks to massive vaccine efforts, devastating diseases like polio and smallpox are now almost unheard of. Like so many other public health issues, the impact of vaccines and infectious diseases go beyond the individual. Vaccines are part of the “herd health” strategy that I learned about in veterinary school. That means that vaccinating everyone protects the individual and society as a whole. People who have suppressed immune systems or who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons are then largely protected. This strategy works best when everyone cooperates, works to protect each other, and acts for the common good.
How do immunizations relate to cancer?
Vaccines are effective, but like many medical interventions they do not work 100% of the time. Certain members of the population are particularly vulnerable to infectious disease, even when they are vaccinated. In some instances, newborn infants who are too young to be vaccinated may not receive protection from their mother’s milk. People with diseases that affect their immune systems may be also be vulnerable. And certain treatments—especially chemotherapy and other cancer treatments—can prevent an effective immune system response to diseases like measles. This means that an infection—even one that is usually nonfatal—can be life-threatening to people who are undergoing treatment for cancer.
Vaccines can also help prevent cancer. The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is linked to cervical cancer and head and neck cancers. Vaccines for HPV are now part of the recommended vaccine schedule for children and young adults.
According to experts from the National Institutes of Health, “When levels of vaccine coverage fall, the weakened umbrella of protection provided by herd immunity—indirect protection that results when a sufficiently high percentage of the community is immune to the disease—places unvaccinated young children and immunocompromised people at greater risk. This can have disastrous consequences with measles.” In their commentary “Measles in 2019—Going Backward” published in the New England Journal of Medicine, experts describe a case in which “a single child with measles infected 23 other children in a pediatric oncology clinic, with a fatality rate of 21 percent.”
As a cancer survivor, I found the above story chilling. I recall when my white blood count dropped dangerously low during my second dose of chemotherapy. I was terrified to go out in public until injections to stimulate my immune system kicked in. Cancer treatment is challenging enough, without the added threat of a measles outbreak caused by decreased vaccinations. This blog is a call to action on behalf of our vulnerable and immune suppressed constituents.
Creating doubt and confusion about science
Misinformation about any health topic is troubling and potentially dangerous. As a cancer advocacy organization focused on patient education, FORCE created our CDC-funded “eXamining the Relevance of Articles for Young Survivors” (XRAYS) program in 2014 to address the dangerous trend of misleading digital information about cancer. We find ourselves frequently fact-checking media reports with headlines like, “A cure for cancer? Israeli scientists may have found one” and “‘Angelina Jolie gene’ may be linked to Alzheimer’s, researchers say.” The focus of XRAYS is to help our community understand the true meaning of the research behind the headlines and how it relates to their care. XRAYS is a reliable source of information that explains science in plain language, rates its relevance, connects patients to guidelines, and corrects misinformation or misreporting by the media.
Inaccurate health news is not limited to breast cancer. In “Evaluating the Quality of Health Information in a Changing Digital Ecosystem,” health communication researchers searched Google for health information on diabetes. They found common tactics used by websites pushing “natural cures” that could be harmful to patients:
mixing in scientific information to make unproven claims sound more credible
sowing skepticism about the health care establishment
pushing conspiracy theories
adding unconfirmed personal stories from individuals that backed their perspective
making promises of unrealistic outcomes such as “cure”
According to the authors, the misinformation ranged from benign to “deliberately deceitful.” They cautioned, “The epidemic of fake or controversial health news presents formidable challenges for consumers and health educators.”
There are many examples of dangerous and misleading health communications across many conditions, but few have been as noticeable as the coordinated attack against vaccines.
Given the threat to public welfare, researchers have been studying the origins and spread of false health information. Unsurprisingly, Facebook facilitates the spread of vaccine misinformation. For example, a Pittsburgh pediatric office that posted vaccine information on its Facebook page became the target of a coordinated, sometimes vicious anti-vaccine campaign by individuals who were mostly from other areas. Other research found accounts associated with Russian trolls creating discord on posts about vaccines on both sides of the issue.
A call to action: it takes a village
We all need to do our part to combat fake or inaccurate health news. Providers from all areas of medicine can work together to reinforce the importance of infant, childhood and adult vaccines. Those of us who work as patient advocates—particularly those who reach patients who are vulnerable to infectious diseases—have an obligation to disseminate evidence-based information about the importance of vaccines. Vaccines.gov, CDC.gov and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guide, “How to Respond to Vocal Vaccine Deniers in Public” are sources of credible information. The public can also play a part by being informed consumers of health information. Be careful about sharing health information, especially when it runs counter to national guidelines. Ask people for their sources of scientific information, see if health information websites list a scientific advisory board, and when in doubt, share the information with your health care team. Post credible information from trusted sites like the CDC from your own social media account rather than spending time arguing online with posters who may actually be trolls.
Vaccines may not be a topic we speak about in our day-to-day lives, but let’s all take a moment to amplify this important public health message to protect people most vulnerable to infectious diseases.
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Tag: Tom Bowman
Video from “Policy By Other Means” event now online
Policy By Other Means: A Review of DOD’s Law of War Manual
The video from our most recent event, “Policy By Other Means: A Review of DOD’s Law of War Manual,” is now available online. This event, hosted by the National Security Law Journal at the Arlington Campus of the George Mason University, featured a spirited debate on DOD’s recently published department-wide law of war manual. Moderated by Mr. Harvey Rishikof, former Chair of the ABA Standing Committee on Law and National Security, the distinguished panel included Mr. Matthew McCormack, Associate General Counsel from the Department of Defense, Dr. Nicholas Rostow, a Professor from the National Defense University, and Mr. Tom Bowman, National Public Radio’s Pentagon reporter. All three panelists commented on the novelty of the Law of War Manual and addressed current controversies surrounding the unprecedented publication, including the Manual’s impact on journalists who are embedded with deployed military units.
Watch the full video of the event
Read the panelist bios
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City's housing market hammered in fallout from woeful economy
By LORE CROGHAN , BENJAMIN LESSER and Greg B. Smith
| DAILY NEWS STAFF WRITERS |
The housing crisis has arrived for middle class New York.
The perception that New York largely dodged the housing bust bullet may be true in Manhattan, but in the working-class outer boroughs, house sales are falling faster than the Dow.
A look at housing sales in the city's two biggest boroughs, Brooklyn and Queens, shows sales of one-, two- and three-family homes - the backbone of city housing - fell off a cliff.
RELATED: LIKE A STONE IN SHEEPSHEAD BAY
In the last four years, Brooklyn suffered a stunning 52.7% drop in the sale of homes, from 12,089 to 5,716. In the last year alone, sales fell a precipitous 37.5%.
Queens was barely better off, taking a 48.4% drop in house sales in the same time period, from 17,962 to 9,266. Sales are off 34.8% in the last year.
Sellers see their homes drop into the market with a resounding thud. Only a handful of visitors show up at open houses; asking prices are slashed.
Some panicked sellers find themselves "short selling" their homes - getting less than the balance of their mortgage.
RELATED: CAN'T SELL BUSHWICK HOME - NOW SHE'S IN FORECLOSURE
In places like Sheepshead Bay and Greenpoint, homeowners grit their teeth at the forest of new condos that glut the market and push down property values.
Anxious buyers fare no better. Many can't find a bank that will lend them a dime. Or their approved mortgage suddenly requires a higher down payment.
In the middle, Realtors used to making killer commissions worry about paying bills.
RELATED: CHILD CARE COSTS RISE AS ECONOMY TANKS
"People are seeing their home values go down, down, down," said Tarun Khushalani, an agent at Century 21 Best Inc., who is trying to unload homes in the heart of Queens, Richmond Hill.
The Daily News compared sales over $150,000 in two time periods - September 2004 through August 2005 and September 2007 through August - before Wall Street's collapse.
Here's a look at how middle class enclaves are getting hit.
RICHMOND HILL, QUEENS
In the crazy runup of housing prices, Richmond Hill's modest wood-frame homes, with their narrow driveways and tidy backyards, rose in value each year.
To some, it seemed like the good times might last forever. Within weeks of hitting the market, houses sold. Buyers bid up prices. By 2005, the market peaked with 949 sales, dropping only slightly in 2006, the year the foreclosure crisis first surfaced.
The first dose of reality came in 2007, when house sales fell from 938 to 665.
Last year came the real kick in the teeth - a near-total collapse to just 348 house sales - a sobering 63.3% drop in just four years.
In good times, just 200 one-, two- and three-family homes would be on the market at once in Richmond Hill. Last week, there were 420 - meaning virtually nothing is selling.
"That's a very bad number," broker Khushalani said.
Last week, Khushalani tried to "short sell" a two-family that languished on the market for eight months at $550,000. The bank was willing to take less than what the owner owed on his mortgage - but not much less.
Khushalani wanted to list it at $475,000; the bank refused.
"[The owner] is so disappointed about how things turned out," he said, predicting the house will wind up in foreclosure.
The "For Sale" sign lay flat in the driveway on E. 28th St., a flag of surrender in front of the brick rowhouse Vladislav Khlopine tried for months to sell.
Marketed at $775,000, the two-family was in contract for $700,000 - a 10% drop - when he decided to pull the plug.
With closing costs and the broker's commission, he realized he'd end up owing on his mortgage after selling the place he, his wife and child call home.
"I decided not to sell," he said. "It was close to what I owe, but I didn't want to pay the rest out of my own pocket."
Down at the bottom of Brooklyn, the salt air floats off the bay down streets of middle-class homes owned by immigrants from Russia, Georgia and a host of Eastern Bloc countries.
Lately, things haven't been so good.
Nancy Pecoraro, a vice president at Fillmore Real Estate, sells far fewer houses here, and when she does, the price is down from a year ago. Sellers have a tough time with the new reality.
"People have an idea of what their house should sell at - they know what their neighbor sold for a year ago," she said. "But the market has changed."
She's had trouble unloading a tidy single-family three-bedroom on Avenue Z because the owner wants $535,000. It's been on the market since May.
The seller finally agreed to lower the price. Pecoraro suggests $489,000 - an 8% drop.
Since Wall Street's meltdown began in mid-September, Pecoraro has used tough love on clients who insist on high asking prices.
"They're starting to learn," she said grimly.
Here, in one of the last affordable neighborhoods, owners of one-, two- and three-family homes served by the N train did well during the housing bubble. Now - not so much.
Between September 2007 and August, 228 homes have sold in Astoria - a 39.4% drop from 200-4/2005. As a result, the average single-family home sells for $500,000-$525,000, down from $550,000-$590,000 a year ago.
Last year it took 60 days to sell a house. Today it's 90 to 120 days. Last year 30 people would show up to an open house. This year, half that number show.
Charles Sciberras, 58, emigrated from Malta to the heavily Greek neighborhood at the northwestern edge of Queens in 1952. A broker working for Realty Executives Today, he said business is off 20% to 25% from last year.
A lender called Mortgage World Bankers that works with Sciberras' clients is suddenly being strict about verification of funds: Money for down payment and closing costs must have been in the bank for two months.
Borrowers who pass muster on the verification of funds also need to have 20% down and verification of steady employment for the last two years.
It just took his firm 3-1/2 months - and two price cuts - to sell a one-family on 46th St. It went on the market in June at $599,000. The price fell to $579,000 after 30 days; then $549,000.
When a buyer offered $530,000 - 8% off the original listing - the sellers didn't blink.
"They were ready," he said.
gsmith@nydailynews.com
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Opinion|I Coined the Term ‘Sexual Harassment.’ Corporations Stole It.
I Coined the Term ‘Sexual Harassment.’ Corporations Stole It.
By Lin Farley
CreditCreditHenri Cartier-Bresson/Magnum Photos
It wasn’t until April 1975 that women had a word for talking about what their male bosses were doing to them.
It was that month that I first used the phrase “sexual harassment” in public, during a hearing on women in the workplace by the New York City Human Rights Commission, at which I was testifying as an instructor at Cornell University. The New York Times covered the hearing in an article that was reprinted across the country. And thus, a concept was born.
At first, it felt as if the term had the potential to change everything. Working women immediately took up the phrase, which finally captured the sexual coercion they were experiencing daily. No longer did they have to explain to their friends and family that “he hit on me and wouldn’t take no for an answer, so I had to quit.” What he did had a name.
Now women could share stories and strategies. They understood that they weren’t alone, that millions of working women shared their experience. It was as if a light had been turned on in a dark room. The solidarity that women felt for one another was contagious; sisterhood in the workplace suddenly seemed doable. Perhaps we might even see the start of a national working women’s union — it is easy to pick off one woman at a time for sexual harassment, but not so easy if women all look out for one another. The enthusiasm with which women embraced the idea of sexual harassment indicated an intense desire to change conditions for themselves at work; our new vocabulary would help.
Or so I thought.
It was only a few years later, toward the end of a book tour, when I began to suspect things weren’t changing the way I’d hoped. During an appearance on a radio show, the host — who, moments before, had been happily discussing sexual harassment with me — responded to two girls who called in to say they were being asked to perform sexual favors and didn’t know what to do by calling them “whores.” I walked off the show — but this would prove an ominous sign of things to come.
The decades since have been disappointing. The working women’s revolution I once envisioned hasn’t happened. But not only that, the term, which once held so much promise, has been co-opted, sanitized, stripped of its power to shock, disturb and galvanize. Today the term “sexual harassment” may be ubiquitous; the behavior, unfortunately, remains ubiquitous, too.
In one sense, “sexual harassment” as a concept has been a success. Companies and corporations have put in place rules prohibiting it. Training programs against sexual harassment are now standard; employees across the country can testify to enduring dry videos and handouts urging them not to ask their co-workers about their sex lives. It has even spawned its own cottage industries: At one point in the 1980s thousands of women found employment in middle management as sexual harassment officers, though this is less common today. Lawyers, too, have found lucrative work settling sexual harassment cases. Women — when they have the resources — have means of seeking redress that weren’t available to them before.
But if giving the behavior a name has done much to change our rules, it has done far less to encourage the conversations I had envisioned back in 1975 that I believed would help to change our culture. Nor has it changed the power dynamics that allow sexual harassment to flourish — think of the female human-resources manager facing complaints about a company’s star. Worse, it allows those who would argue that the culture and power dynamics have changed to fall back on the new rules as evidence.
We’ve taken a term that once spoke to women about revolution and made it bloodless. “Sexual harassment” was never meant to be a term that the corporate world would feel comfortable tossing around. It is a vicious practice — one that flourishes because men hold authority over women at work, and they use it to extract sex and to humiliate. If the price of popularizing the notion of sexual harassment has been to dampen its impact, it’s now time to reclaim and redefine the term as the ugly thing it is — to imbue it with its initial power.
How should we do this? By talking about the details — every time. By making the reality of what it looks like clear. Sexual harassment shouldn’t be associated with H.R. training manuals, but with men who demand oral sex while they talk on the phone, with bosses who grope their secretaries, and with those who, in general, think women at work are ornaments for their pleasure, not colleagues who deserve respect. In this context, the most valuable part of the exposures of men like Harvey Weinstein and Roger Ailes may lie in the excruciating, unforgettable details. This is where the heart of understanding the truth of sexual harassment resides and how we begin to understand again that this offense is deadly serious.
Over the years — and later, the decades — when I would despair about the lack of widespread change, people would seek to reassure me: “It is changing. Everyone knows how to talk about it now. And before they didn’t.” I still believe in the power of words to change culture. But culture changes more slowly than rules. So much work from so many went into those early years for this issue to be recognized. “Sexual harassment” cannot lose its teeth now. We cannot permit it to be swallowed up as corporate-friendly legalese.
Lin Farley, a former Associated Press reporter, is at work on a book about men’s attitudes regarding women and children.
Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook and Twitter (@NYTopinion), and sign up for the Opinion Today newsletter.
A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 27 of the New York edition with the headline: Reclaiming ‘Sexual Harassment’. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe
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Electric mobility: Opportunities for climate protection in Europe
Wann kann Elektromobilität eine wichtige Rolle spielen?
Getting more electric vehicles on the roads in Europe can significantly reduce CO2 emissions and air pollutants within the European Union. If the share of electric mobility in passenger road transport increases to 80 percent by 2050, the CO2 emissions of the passenger road transport sector in Europe can be reduced by up to 84 percent compared to 2010. However, this can only be achieved when the electricity needed for operating the electric vehicles is predominantly generated from renewable energies rather than in coal-fired power plants. This is shown by the results of a recent study conducted by Oeko-Institut and Transport & Mobility Leuven on behalf of the European Environment Agency (EEA).
The experts of the joint research project analyzed in two scenarios the potentials for climate protection and the effects on electricity consumption arising from electric vehicles. The research team found that electric vehicles need substantial quantities of electricity throughout Europe and will therefore have an impact on electricity production capacities and the stress put on electricity grids in the future. The electric mobility share in Europe’s total electricity consumption can amount to approx. four to five percent by 2030 and increase to approx. 10 percent by 2050. However, the shares vary strongly among the European countries, depending on the number of electric vehicles.
Electric mobility and power generation: coal or renewable energies?
If the additional electricity demand of 138 terawatt hours (TWh) in 2030 and 448 TWh in 2050 is met with electricity from European power plants, the CO2 emissions of the power sector would increase by 18 million tons in 2030 and 30 million tons in 2050 due to the conventional power plant shares. Particularly in countries with a high share of coal-fired power plants, additional emissions would arise and the environmental benefit of the electric vehicles would be significantly lower than possible.
To cover the electricity demand of electric vehicles significant investments in additional production capacities are necessary. Only when the power demand of electric vehicles is predominantly met by using renewable energies can EVs play an important role in climate protection. The research team calculates an additional need for generation capacities of about 150 gigawatts (GW) by 2050. This includes 47 GW of electricity from wind power plants and 25 GW from solar power plants to ensure that the power supply needed for electric mobility is at least met with 50 per cent renewable generation. To ensure that electric vehicles are fully powered by renewable energy significant additional investments in wind and solar generation are necessary.
Grids and charging infrastructure – challenges for electric mobility
“Our analyses show that each EU Member State has different pre-conditions for climate-friendly electric mobility,” says Joß Bracker, a climate protection expert at Oeko-Institut and co-author of the study. “The crucial factors are the size of the renewable energy shares in their electricity mix and the robustness of the grid. An increase in highly fluctuating quantities of renewable electricity requires, first and foremost, an efficient and flexible electricity grid.”
Since the power demand of electric vehicles puts stress on local grids in particular, smart charging will play a vital role in the integration of electric vehicles in the power system. In the medium term, therefore, investments must be made in technological solutions for the smart charging of electric vehicles. Only in this way can excessive stress on electricity grids be avoided and grid stability can continue to be guaranteed.
“Overall, electric mobility can play an important role in climate protection in the transport sector,” says Peter Kasten, a senior researcher on sustainable mobility and project leader at Oeko-Institut. “However, further measures are needed to reduce noise levels and congestion and to bring about greater road safety. This requires a systematic transformation to a sustainable transport system that incorporates local public transport and reduces traffic overall.”
The study was conducted for the European Environmental Agency under the framework contract “Expert Assistance in the Areas of Air, Climate Change, Noise and in relation to certain Economic Sectors”. The framework contract is coordinated by Trinomics B.V.
The “Electric mobility in Europe – Future impact on the emissions and the energy system” study by Oeko-Institut and Transport & Mobility Leuven (TML)
EEA briefing “Electric vehicles and the energy sector-impacts on Europe’s future emissions”
Contact at Oeko-Institut:
Florian Hacker
Deputy head of Division
Office Berlin
Phone: +49 30 405085-373
Joß Bracker
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Patricia Lockwood
Priestdaddy
'Glorious' Sunday Times
'Laugh-out-loud funny' The Times
'Extraordinary' Observer
'Exceptional' Telegraph
'Electric' New York Times
'Snort-out-loud' Financial Times
'Dazzling' Guardian
'Do yourself a favour and read this memoir!' BookPage
The childhood of Patricia Lockwood, the poet dubbed' The Smutty-Metaphor Queen of Lawrence, Kansas' by The New York Times, was unusual in many respects. There was the location: an impoverished, nuclear waste-riddled area of the American Midwest. There was her mother, a woman who speaks almost entirely in strange riddles and warnings of impending danger. Above all, there was her gun-toting, guitar-riffing, frequently semi-naked father, who underwent a religious conversion on a submarine and found a loophole which saw him approved for the Catholic priesthood by the future Pope Benedict XVI, despite already having a wife and children.
When an unexpected crisis forces Lockwood and her husband to move back into her parents' rectory, she must learn to live again with the family's simmering madness, and to reckon with the dark side of her religious upbringing. Pivoting from the raunchy to the sublime, from the comic to the serious, Priestdaddy is an unforgettable story of how we balance tradition against hard-won identity - and of how, having journeyed in the underworld, we can emerge with our levity and our sense of justice intact.
'Destined to be a classic . . . this year's must-read memoir' Mary Karr, author of The Liars' Club
'Irrepressible . . . joyous, funny and filthy . . . Lockwood blows the roof off every paragraph' Joe Dunthorne, author of Submarine
'Beautiful, funny and poignant. I wish I'd written this book' Jenny Lawson, author of Furiously Happy
'A revelatory debut . . . Lockwood's prose is nothing short of ecstatic . . . her portrait of her epically eccentric family is funny, warm, and stuffed to bursting with emotional insight' Joss Whedon
'Praise God, this is why books were invented' Emily Berry, author of Dear Boy and Stranger, Baby
Motherland Fatherland Homelandsexuals
Penguin Modern Poets 2
Michael Robbins (and others)
Penguin Modern Poets
Patricia Lockwood was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA and raised in all the worst cities of the Midwest. Her debut collection, Balloon Pop Outlaw Black, was released in 2012 by Octopus Books; her second collection, Motherland Fatherland Homelandsexuals, is forthcoming from Penguin Books in 2017 alongside her memoir, Priestdaddy. Her poems have appeared widely, including in The New Yorker, The London Review of Books, Tin House and Poetry.
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Zane Benefits' Founder & CEO Featured in Forbes.com
Forbes.com interviews Paul Zane Pilzer on "Getting Better Health Insurance"
Selected Quotes:
Most people considering early retirement should stop participating in their group health insurance plan, if they have one, when they are healthy, says Pilzer. Instead, buy your own policy. Your employer might chip in toward the cost
"Lock in a base rate when you are young and healthy," says Pilzer. "Everyone should have an individual policy. The time to get it is when you don't need it."
...states have risk pools, with coverage for an individual ranging in cost from $2,064 a year in Georgia to $11,424 in Indiana.
About Zane Benefits, Inc.
Zane Benefits, Inc., a software company, helps employers, insurance brokers, and accountants take advantage of new defined contribution health benefits via its proprietary SaaS defined contribution software ("ZaneHealth"). Zane Benefits does not sell insurance. Using Zane’s platform, insurance professionals and accountants offer their clients a custom defined contribution plan. Learn more at www.zanebenefits.com.
Economist Paul Zane Pilzer is the founder of Zane Benefits, a former Vice President of Citibank and the founder of five companies. He is a former commentator on CNN and NPR and was an Adjunct Professor at New York University from 1979-2000. He holds a BA from Lehigh University and an MBA from The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
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Train 23 March - Guildford
Guildford and Woking for Europe, one of our local groups, has organised travel by train to the Put It To The People : People's Vote March which is taking place in Central London on 23 March 2019.
They will meet at the station at 10:45am, before taking a train to London.
ABOUT THE MARCH:
Join us on 23rd of March for the ‘Put It To The People March’ to make the calls for a People’s Vote too loud to ignore.
On the 23rd of March, just six days before the Government hopes to take Britain out of the EU, hundreds of thousands of people will march on Parliament offering a solution to a crisis that threatens their living standards, businesses and jobs. We demand a People’s Vote, and come 23 March, it could be a case of now or never.
Please sign up to join us. We will be congregating from 12pm, high noon in Park Lane, and marching to Parliament Square to make our voices heard. Our demand is a simple one: that any Brexit is put the people so that we can have the final say.This will be a day to tell your children about, to tell your grandchildren about.
We have teamed up with The Independent’s Final Say campaign to make sure this protest is so loud and so big that no one can ignore it.
For more information, or to RSVP, visit www.peoples-vote.uk/march
March 23, 2019 at 10:45am - 8:45pm
Guildford Station
Guildford, Surrey GU1 4UT
Guildford & Woking In Europe ·
march23coach
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24 hour hotlines and services
Street, transport and parking
Licence to serve food and alcohol
Car Free City
Green Oslo
Smart Oslo
City Governance
The City Council
Oslo City Hall
About Oslo
Contact Norsk
Contact My page
The Deputy Mayor
Print Norsk
Rådhuset, 0037 OSLO
Deputy Mayor Kamzy Gunaratnam
Kamzy Gunaratnam was elected Deputy Mayor of Oslo by the City Council on 21 October 2015.
Deputy Mayor Kamzy Gunaratnam (Labour) was born in Sri Lanka, came to Norway at the age of 3 and grew up in Oslo.
Kamzy Gunaratnam has been the leader of the Workers Youth League (AUF) in Oslo, member of the central board of AUF, and has been the editor of AUF's magazine, Praksis. Gunaratnam also has experience from several bipartisan organizations, such as Tamil Youth Organization and Youth Against Racism. In 2012 and 2013 she was a columnist in the Norwegian national newspapers Dagbladet and Dagsavisen.
The Deputy Mayor has represented the Labour party in Oslo City Council since 2007 and this is her third term in the City Council. She has previously been a member of the Standing Committee on Culture and Education, as is currently now in her second term as a member of the Standing Committee on Health and Social Welfare.
Kamzy Gunaratnam is committed to political issues that contribute to more democracy, community involvement and transparency. She wants to help enable more people to take part in the social debate and spends a lot of time getting input from the citizens of Oslo.
Politisk rådgiver
Stian Lothe
Phone: 489 94 042
Contact Oslo kommune
Call 21 80 21 80
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This pro-hospital law will be bad news for some car or other accident victims Contact Now
What you should know about the new Texas hospital lien law
This pro-hospital law will be bad news for some car or other accident victims
Filed under: medical malpractice, damages and caps, hiring a medical malpractice lawyer
Texas Governor Greg Abbott recently signed House Bill 2929 into law, which immediately changed the way hospital liens work in Texas.
When it comes to liens and subrogations, Texas law is unfriendly to negligence victims. When there's a settlement because someone was injured by someone else's carelessness, Texas law allows insurance companies to swoop in at the last minute and take a chunk of the recovery.
Hospital liens give hospitals certain authority to file a lien on any claim or cause of action that the patient has arising from someone else’s negligence. These often come up in car wrecks, where an at-fault driver injures someone in an accident, and the injured person is treated in a hospital.
The importance of this to plaintiffs in Texas personal injury and some medical malpractice cases is that both plaintiffs and their attorneys are legally obligated to satisfy hospital liens out of any judgment, settlement, or recovery related to the accident.
Exactly what legally triggers a hospital’s right to file a lien is defined by Texas Property Code Chapter 55. Until the recent amendment to the law, the injured person had to be admitted to a hospital within 72 hours of the accident.
The new law, which is currently effective, expands hospital rights with this new language in Section 55.0015, “For purposes of this chapter, an injured individual is considered admitted to hospital if the individual is allowed access to any department of the hospital for the provision of any treatment, care, or service to the individual.”
In other words, a patient no longer has to be admitted in order for the hospital to be able to file a lien. Even if the patient never left the emergency room, any lab work or radiology scans would be enough for the hospital to file a lien.
The new law also defined some limits on hospital liens. Under the new, currently effective version of Section 55.004, the hospital lien is capped at the lesser of:
(1) the amount of the hospital’s charges for services provided to the injured individual during the first 100 days of the hospitalization; or
(2) 50% of all amounts recovered by the injured individual in a lawsuit or settlement.
The take-home message? This newly amended law is great news for hospitals and bad news for some patients.
Some hospitals take an aggressive approach and charge astronomically-high rates to uninsured patients who received treatment after an accident. They use these full rates, which they would never charge to Medicare, Medicaid, or a health insurance company, and stick it to their patients by filing a hospital lien.
When it comes to Texas personal injury or medical malpractice, it’s important for clients to hire a top-rated experienced attorney who is aware of the current law and who can steer them in the right direction.
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The map-of-the-world pool
Greg Ray
History / Miscellaneous / Newcastle / vintage photographs
So many myths surround Newcastle’s lost and lamented Young Mariners’ Pool, with its legendary concrete map of the world. Many people believe the lost continents still lie beneath the sand, and that determined digging will reveal them in their former glory. Alas, the fact is that only some fragments of the map sections around the edge of the pool remain to be exposed from time to time.
Most of the concrete map was broken up by Newcastle City Council in the 1960s and the pieces were dumped off Nobbys breakwater to supplement the always-eroding wave barrier. The reason was that the pool had suffered some storm-damage, and also that it constantly filled with sand and needed excavation.
The pool in its heyday. The corrugated iron canoes could be rented for a penny or two.
The pool was opened on Saturday, September 25, 1937, by the Lord Mayor, Alderman Fenton, as part of a £160,000 civic-improvement program that included upgrading the road through King Edward Park and installation of tiered concrete seating in the north-east corner of Newcastle Baths.
The pool was said to be the idea of city engineer, L. J. Price, who was inspired by watching the Lord Mayor’s son trying to sail a model boat in a rock pool. A 1937 report in The Newcastle Sun noted that “it was the juvenile yachtsman’s difficulties that gave the engineer the idea of constructing a pool”.
“The scheme for embellishing the expanse of water with the countries of the world, thus creating a ‘world in miniature’, around which children will be able to plan cruises for their model yachts, was worked out later.”
Alan Ashman in the canoe pool in 1959.
The geography master at Newcastle Boys’ High School, Edgar Ford, was consultant on the layout of the map, and a Mr Johnson of the city architect’s department took on the project as a personal hobby.
“Retired sea captains and seamen who have sailed the seven seas have sat on the slopes above for hours and watched the ‘world’ taking shape below them,” The Sun reported.
“When it is complete the pool promises to be one of the big attractions of the beach. Between its outer edge and the sea will be a lagoon in which older children may sail their tin canoes, and above it to the north is being constructed an elevated grassed area on which family parties may watch the children at play.”
The Young Mariners’ Pool was about 20 metres wide, elliptical, and its continents and islands jutted about 20 centimetres above the water. In common with atlases of the time, British Commonwealth countries were coloured red while the rest of the world was painted green.
Opening the Young Mariners Pool
The Young Mariners Pool and Canoe Pool
Opening the Young Mariners Pool the Young Mariners Pool, September 25, 1937.
Opening the Young Mariners Pool, September 25, 1937.
The second stage of the development, the Canoe Pool, was created by the construction of a large, arc-shaped seawall that extended the elliptical wading pool into a great circle atop the rocky platform. The depth of water in the pool was controlled by sluice gates.
Old newspaper clippings suggest the Canoe Pool was being built in 1939 but it does not appear to have been fully completed until 1941 or later, with much debate in council over whether it was worth building at all.
From the start, both pools were subject to being filled up with sand and this was a major headache and expense for the council. In early 1941 the council actually found the pool a handy source of sand for covering garbage dumps, filling parks and top dressing lawns and gardens.
The pool, filled with sand. Circa 1941.
So persistent was the sand problem that it seems the pools were often more or less filled in, but during their heyday in the late 1930s through the 1940s the area remained a paradise for children.
One visitor, later to be famous, was America’s Cup legend Ben Lexcen.
Lexcen’s real name was Bob Miller, and as a youngster he indulged his lifelong passion for sailing by mucking about with model boats in the Young Mariners’ Pool.
Ben Lexcen nearly had his America’s Cup patron, Alan Bond, talked into paying for a reconstruction of the long-lost world map during the 1980s. Lexcen’s death and Bond’s bankruptcy and descent into ignominy put paid to such talk.
The map of the world was damaged by storms in the 1960s and the continents were broken up and dumped off Nobbys breakwater, opposite the searchlight bunker, and could be seen there for some time until they faded and weathered beyond recognition.
The story of the Young Mariners Pool is told in our book, Newcastle, The Missing Years.
https://www.phototimetunnel.com/product/newcastle-the-missing-years-book-01
Tags: bathing, beach, Canoe Pool, map of the world pool, Newcastle NSW, ocean, ocean baths, swimming, young mariners pool
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Our goal is to spread the Pin Up style and culture here in Thailand.
Alberto Vargas: Perù 1896 – United States 1982
Our inspiration comes from love for the Pin Up style and vintage motors, and the fact that, despite being an elegant and sophisticated style, there is no age, size, race or genre: the Pin Up style is for everyone, at least for a day, to feel even more “Women”, carefree, confident and beautiful, both outside and inside!
Living in Thailand since January 2015 we have noticed that here, although the culture is totally different from the Western one, vintage finds a large following but it is currently not widespread the combination with the Pin Up style in women’s fashion… they like a lot bandana and Thailand is called The Land of Smiles, and this smile is the basis for feeling Pin Up!
Gillette Elvgren: 1914-1980, United States
Our Blog Pin Up 4 One Day is, therefore, a place where you can find inspiration for your style, learn the story of Pin Up and connect with vintage lovers friends, who share our interests.
Let’s see in detail some history and dates: the entrance of America in the Second World War in 1941 triggered the golden age of Pin Up (literally translatable from English as “to hang”). Images of beautiful, smiling women adorned the solitary military lockers, the walls of the barracks, and even the sides of the planes.
For the first time in history, the US military has unofficially promoted this type of art: photos, magazines and calendars have been sent and distributed among the troops, often government financed, to “raise morale” and remind young people to what they are fighting for.
The golden age of Pin Up was therefore between 1940 and 1950, but the Pin Up culture is still in alive.
This can be noticed not only in fashion where we see for example, even here in Thailand they use to wear colored bandanas in the hair, but you can see it also in photography, tattoos and merchandising. Moreover, from our research we can see how on Instagram, since 2010, when this Social Media was born, over 6 million and 200 thousand photos have been published tagged #pinup. The numbers continue to grow and this means that there will be more Pin Up in the future!
Starting from the famous illustrations and drawings by Alberto Vargas and Gillette Elvgren, up to the Pin Up of today, we see who are our icons that best inspire our Pin Up fantasies, from yesterday until today:
Betty Grable: 1916-1973, United States
Her full name was Elizabeth Ruth Grable, nicknamed “The Legs” (The Legs), she was a Pin Up, actress, dancer and singer, with a record career. For the annual ranking of the U.S. Treasury Department, in fact, was the richest woman in America for 2 consecutive years, 1946 and 1947, with an estimated capital of over 3 Million Dollars! Beautiful, very clever and intelligent, the Grable was celebrated as a sex symbol all over the world and was famous for its legs, which had also secured for a value of 1 Million Dollars. His iconic Pin Up image has been included in the list of “100 photographs that have changed the world”, influencing his time and the style of future generations with his style.
Rita Hayworth: 1918-1987, United States
Her real name was Margarita Carmen Cansino, dubbed the Goddess of Love (The Love Goddess) is a Pin Up icon of all time. Actress and dancer, daughter of a famous Spanish flamenco dancer, is very famous strawberry blond hair. Her hair was actually black, with a Latin beauty, and she had to undergo several sessions of removal because she had a very low attachment. After these small changes in her look and the change of name, advised by Columbia Pictures producer Harry Cohn, Hayworth climbed the charts playing many roles, also alongside Fred Astaire. The character mangiauomini, Gilda, played in 1946, will remain attached to him forever as an alter ego, also because in private life he married 5 times. During World War II, the art of decorating the fuselage of bombers and fighter planes spread with the Bomber Girls in the US Army Air Force. These were images of attractive women, often Pin Up, considered mascots and lucky charms that would assure the safe return of the plane at home: it became famous for this too. In 1946 Hayworth’s lips were elected the best in the world by the Artists League of America, then Max Factor chose her as a testimonial for lipsticks and make-up and is also part of the list of the 25 greatest Hollywood actresses in Classic Cinema, according to the American Film Institute.
Jane Russel: 1921-2011, United States
Her full name was Ernestine Jane Geraldine Russell, nicknamed the “Sweater Girl”, along with other Pin Up actresses of the period like Lana Turner and Jayne Mansfield, was named for her hourglass shapes that were even better emphasized with this garment. The photo chosen is definitely the most famous and the exhibition lying and relaxed on a pile of hay, holding a revolver. A film and musical actress, Russell has had a long and successful acting career, and was later best known for her part alongside Marilyn Monroe in the 1953 film “Men Prefer the Blondes” (Gentlemen Prefer Blondes) .
Her full name was Esther Jane Williams, nicknamed the “Little Mermaid of Hollywood” (Hollywood’s Mermaid), she was both a sports icon, she was in fact a synchronized swimming athlete, and a filmmaker in the ’40s and’ 50s.
Esther Williams: 1921-2013, United States
American, beautiful, good and smiling, before her she had never been filmed under water based on swimming. With her sinuous movements and her unmistakable Pin Up style, Williams has been an icon of many grown up girls and girls dreaming of looking like her, dreaming of the magical happiness that she transmits in all her films.
Veronica Lake
Her real name was Constance Frances Marie Ockelman, dubbed The Peek-a-boo Girl for her famous wavy hairstyle, whose fringe covered her right eye.
Veronica Lake: 1922-1973, United States
In the 1940s, women across America sacrificed half their vision to imitate this hairstyle. She, long haired and platinum blonde, chose the surname of Lake (lake) to evoke the color of her blue eyes. La Lake, in addition to being a sex symbol is also considered the dark lady par excellence as it has been the protagonist of many film noir and horror.
Her full name was Ava Lavinia Gardner, she was discovered by Metro Studios Goldwyn Mayer when she was 18 years old.
Ava Gardner: United States 1922 – England 1990
Very famous were his photos from Pin Up on the beach in a bathing suit, La Gardner soon became a Hollywood and Femme Fatale diva. He had numerous romantic relationships, he married 3 times and his great love was the singer Frank Sinatra, The Voice, her third husband. She was also a great friend of the writer Ernest Hemingway. Actress and singer, intelligent and beautiful, is on the list of the 25 greatest Hollywood actresses in Classic Cinema, according to the American Film Institute
Her full name was Bettie Mae Page, nicknamed the “Queen of Pin Ups”, influenced entire generations with her unique charm and fun sensuality.
Bettie Page: 1923-2008, United States
Thanks to the distinctive sign of recognition, her bangs, designed to hide her high forehead, today is definitely the most famous and recognizable Pin Up model, although her entire modeling career lasted only seven years, from 1950 to 1957. Definite “One of the most enduring brands in America”, Bettie is still an iconic figure, especially in pop culture, influencing sexuality and taste in fashion, and you can easily find her image on merchandise, comics and posters. Page was elected “Miss January 1955” for Playboy magazine. It is surely to Bettie Page the invention of the “Burlesque” as we know it today, and has become a source of inspiration for numerous characters such as Dita Von Teese, Katy Perry and Madonna, to give just a few example.
Her real name was Norma Jeane Mortenson, dubbed The Blonde Bombshell (literally The Blonde Bomb but actually Bombshell is used to define, in American, a very attractive woman), is perhaps the most famous woman in the world and recognized as a sex symbol for excellence.
Marilyn Monroe: 1926-1962, United States
Idol of culture Pop and icon of all time, Marylin began her career as a model Pin Up and then become an actress and singer. Known for her short blond platinum hair, her scarlet mouth and her soft, sinuous body, Monroe actually had brown hair, which she lightened with hydrogen peroxide. Curiosity: she never wore a bra or glasses, which gave her a special charm in her eyes due to a strong myopia. With the sensuality and innocence at the same time, we love Marylin and we will talk more in depth in our Blog, with articles dedicated to her. We only mention the fact that he had a very difficult life full of suffering, even today, in part, shrouded in mystery, helping to make it even more famous.
Cherry Dollface – modern Pin Up, American
With over 314 thousand subscribers on YouTube and over 430 thousand followers on Facebook, Cherokee, the real name of Cherry Dollface, is very active in spreading the Pin Up culture in the world. Through his tutorials he gives advice on how to be a “real Pin Up”, from hair, to make-up, to style, to advice on how to pose for a photo-shooting … besides his sympathy with real life segments and even cooking , is a real reference point for all modern Pin Up. She organizes courses and photo shoots for aspiring Pin Up, she is a competition judge in many competitions and shares our philosophy: for this reason, besides loving her, she is one of our sources of inspiration! For more information and photos: cherrydollface.com
Miss Victory Violet – modern Pin Up, New Zealand
With over 213 thousand followers on Instagram, over 85 thousand on Facebook and 23 thousand subscribers on YouTube, Ella, the real name of Miss Victory Violet, is very active in spreading the Pin Up culture in the world. From the beautiful blonde strawberry hair and always combined with the purple color, which he adores, now he lives in London where he works as Pin Up for various fashion companies. Becoming a Pin Up has changed her life, as a vintage blogger she has become an icon of charm. Becoming Miss Pinup New Zealand in 2014 and Miss Viva Las Vegas in 2015, is famous for her always elegant outfits and her workshops on how to become a Pin Up around the world that are always sold out. For more information and photos: missvictoryviolet.com
Dita Von Teese – modern Pin Up, American
With over 2 million and 200 thousand followers on Instagram and over 2 million and 300 thousand on Facebook, it is currently the best-known Burlesque performer in the world. Born in 1972, her real name is Heather Renée Sweet and she is an artist, a model, a testimonial of make-up brands, but above all she is the Queen of Burlesque. For more information and photos: DitaVonTeese
Tess Holliday – modern Pin Up, American
In a world of fashion that is, in our own way, currently based on the unhealthy principle of extreme thinness, Ryann Maegen Hoven, the real name of Tess, has established itself on the market as a model for big sizes called also Curvy or plus size. It self-defines itself obese, because it is the truth, but not for this does not have the right to feel beautiful, because this is the truth! Marked by years of bullying because of its weight but with the dream of becoming a model, Tess opens an Instagram profile and from there launches the #effyourbeautystandards campaign, that is “to the devil the beauty ideals of which we are all victims” and becomes the first model of history with size 22! To understand each other better; the average size of the American models is between 4 and 2 while it arrived, before her, for the Curvy Models at size 16 at most. With over 1 million and 500 thousand followers on Instagram, Tess is our positive icon par excellence and source of inspiration. For more information and photos: TessHolliday
Jessica Kellgren-Fozard – modern Pin Up, England
With over 250 thousand subscribers on YouTube, 46,000 followers on Instagram is very famous in the LGBT world (Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Community), is deaf and lives with chronic diseases and disabilities. She loves vintage and is a Pin Up that inspires us all. She is married to Claudia and is a very famous Youtuber. For more information and photos: MissJessicaKH
Angelique Noire – modern Pin Up, American
With over 69 thousand followers on Instagram and over 50 thousand on Facebook, it is the first modern color Pin Up. In the past there have been some examples of Pin Up with the black skin, like Madeleine Sahji Jackson, but thanks to her, today the Pin Up feel fully represented. It has always been an international model, but around 2010 we find ourselves passionate about vintage and Pin Up and start to represent our interests in an excellent way. For more information and photos: theblackpinup
Micheline Pitt – modern Pin Up, American
Designer, artist, model and Pin Up born in 1984, takes inspiration from the 50s fashion of bad girls with a mix of fetish, and becomes a successful woman her clothing brand Vixen. Followed by over 86 thousand people on Facebook, the Pitt is beautiful and sensual, is very famous in the world and is a source of inspiration for us. For more information and photos: Micheline Pitt
Doris Mayday – modern Pin Up, American
With over 143,000 followers on Instagram and over 50,000 on Facebook, the redhead Ashley, the real name of Doris MayDay, is an internationally recognized beauty, especially for her Pin Up and Rockabilly style. For more information and photos: DorisMayDay
Claire Sinclair – modern Pin Up, American
With over 150,000 followers on Instagram and over 510,000 on Facebook, she is a famous Pin Up model internationally, posing since she was 14 years old. Mora and attractive, Burlesque performer, was crowned sex symbol in 2011, becoming Playmate of the year for Playboy magazine. For more information and photos: ClaireSinclair25
Sabina Kelley – modern Pin Up, Australian
With over 20,000 followers on Instagram, of Australian origin and statues, he lives in Las Vegas, America. It has established itself as a modern Pin Up and icon in the international fashion industry, always present in dozens of covers and magazines, thanks to its beauty and its beautiful tattoos. He has been part of important advertising campaigns, television, music videos, calendars and much more. Sabina is a model, television star, businesswoman, wife and mother, and manages to do everything with grace and style. For more information and photos: sabinakelley.com
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Home / Articles / 2012 / To CMMS or to ERP?
To CMMS or to ERP?
David Berger says optimize spare parts management with the most appropriate software.
By David Berger, P.Eng., contributing editor
For many companies, asset management is more about the equipment and less about the spare parts that are inventoried at great expense and used as required for maintenance purposes. Furthermore, in some cases, very separate departments are responsible for asset management and spare parts management, making it difficult to optimize either function. Each of the two functions may deploy the same fully integrated system; however, roles and responsibilities across integrated processes are still unclear.
For companies big or small that have purchased a best-of-breed CMMS, one of the classic debates is whether to run spare parts management from within the CMMS or through the ERP system’s Materials Management and Procurement modules. There will always be a point of integration between the two systems. The question is where to draw the line in the sand.
From my experience, most companies would benefit from running spare parts management through the CMMS. Similarly, I find the best organizational design for most companies is to have those responsible for spare parts inventory (e.g., stockkeepers) reporting to the maintenance organization and spare parts procurement specialists reporting at least dotted line to maintenance. This is because it is difficult to expect the maintenance department to have full accountability for optimizing quality of work, service levels, and the cost of maintaining assets, if they are not given some level of control over managing spare parts.
Key performance measures
Modern CMMS packages have powerful tools to support stakeholders at all levels in tracking and analyzing the extensive data available. This includes standard reports and queries that can be tailored to each role in the organization. Reporting and analysis tools can be filtered and sorted on a multitude of criteria, for example, all parts for rotating equipment in the western division that have not moved in the past six months sorted by dollar value.
Many companies are overwhelmed by the infinite ways to configure the CMMS. The key is to think about your objectives in light of the overall company direction and establish measures that will define success. Perhaps your company is intent on reducing costs to stay competitive. This will drive a set of measures such as inventory level or annual procurement cost per unit. Some companies may be focused on customer service, in which case measures such as service level and response time should be considered. Key measures relating to spare parts management are described below.
Inventory level and service level: Two of the most important measures relating to spare parts are inventory level and service level. This is because any change in one will result in a corresponding change in the other. Thus, the two measures trade off and both must be carefully monitored. Inventory level represents the dollar value of spare parts, typically using average cost. As well, inventory level is usually sliced and diced by such groupings as part type, ABC classification, aging, and so on.
Service level is expressed as a percentage and is the reciprocal of stockout percent. For example, if 10% of the time users experience a stockout when a part is required, then the service level is 90%. Service levels are also grouped, sorted, and filtered in the same manner as inventory level, in order to better understand the tradeoffs.
The relationship between these two measures is not a straight line. If you move from 60% to 65% improvement in service level for C-class parts, then expect a nominal increase in inventory levels. However, if you increase service levels for A-class items from, say, 95% to 96%, expect a significant change in inventory levels to sustain it. This is because, in theory, as you approach a 100% service level, the corresponding inventory level approaches infinity.
The best way to determine the optimum trade-off between service and inventory levels is to understand usage patterns, through constant tracking and analysis of historical data, as well as trial and error. The better CMMS packages provide sufficient functionality to facilitate this process. Optimization comes from fine-tuning the minimum stock level, maximum level, reorder point, reorder quantity, and lead time, especially critical parts whose failure result in the more catastrophic consequences.
{pb}
David Berger, a Certified Management Consultant (C.M.C.) registered in Ontario, Canada, is a Principal of Western Management Consultants, based in the Toronto office. David has written more than 200 articles on a variety of topics such as maintenance management, operations management, information technology, e-commerce, organizational design, and strategy. In Plant Services magazine, he has written a monthly column on maintenance management in the United States, as well as three very extensive reviews of maintenance management systems available in North America. David has done extensive work in the areas of strategy, information technology and business process re-engineering. He can be reached at david@wmc.on.ca.
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Obsolescence: Most CMMS vendors provide at least a simple aging report that shows which parts have not moved for a given period in order to isolate and eliminate parts that are no longer needed. This report is misleading to some extent. Even if the probability of requiring these parts is low, they may be difficult to source within a reasonable period of time. Thus, the cost of the resultant downtime easily justifies the cost of keeping the part on hand. Factors to consider before removing a part from stores would be:
space requirements
part availability
uniqueness of part (e.g., number of suppliers, ease of fabrication)
probability of failure
impact on operations and maintenance if part not readily available.
Cost of rush orders: Although this measure is not always relevant, companies are often surprised at just how much they spend on rush orders. This is especially true for companies in remote locations or with extensive off-hour operations, for which sourcing parts is more expensive. Look for a CMMS package that allows users to flag rush orders and track extra costs associated with them, such as a premium paid on the product cost, the additional shipping costs, and any added internal costs like overtime.
Procurement cost: We have probably all heard some variation on the theme as stated by many purchasing departments that the cost of purchasing any given item, from pencils to pumps, is $X per item. The value of X varies but is always some eye-popping number, typically in the neighbourhood of $100 these days. In other words, think twice about the relationship between stock levels and the frequency and quantity of orders. This trade-off is further complicated by other factors such as the cost of storage and retrieval, reorder quantity discounts for volume or dollars spent, and other variables.
Supplier history: Optimizing your parts management function requires a solid understanding of supplier history. This is critical to avoid unnecessary dollars spent, delays in service, and quality problems. CMMS packages use two basic approaches to supplier evaluation. The first is tracking actual measures such as:
damaged goods shipped (dollar value and frequency)
overshipments
undershipments
late shipments (average delay, dollar value, and frequency)
average price increase/decrease for a given period.
The second approach uses a more qualitative scoring, either based on user-defined ranges for the actual measures above or simply entered manually by the users. Scoring is typically a numeric value such as 1 for extremely proficient and 7 for completely unacceptable. Vendors may be evaluated on factors such as:
quality of goods shipped
customer service experience
competitive pricing.
Plant Services' CMMS/EAM Software Review allows you to define, refine and source your requirements in search for the software that best fits your needs.
Response time: Every CMMS uses a variety of status fields including ones relevant to spare parts management. Status changes are time- and date-stamped for calculating and tracking measures such as average time it takes to process a purchase requisition, actual versus expected lead time, and average time from receipt of a part to placement on a shelf. The more sophisticated CMMS packages have comprehensive workflow engines that can be used to not only track many more measures, but also to display standard versus actual times for a given process, and even send notifications regarding key milestones. For example, an email can be sent automatically to the scheduler in order to expedite a critical part, if it is not received at least three days in advance of the date scheduled to be used.
Integrating maintenance and spare parts management
David Berger describes the critical areas of integration that yield maximum benefit.
Is your CMMS too complex?
David Berger says focus on the basics when your CMMS is so advanced.
Optimize maintenance workflows
David Berger reveals four triggers that pull your maintenance staff to work.
Tailor your maintenance program for each asset
David Berger says optimize your maintenance program for different work types.
Know what's in your CMMS contract before you sign
David Berger offers tips and traps to consider when negotiating CMMS contract terms.
4 must-have maintenance roles: Part II
David Berger explains how well-defined roles and responsibilities can help to get the most…
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PSLS • News • PS3 / PlayStation 3 News, Trophies, Reviews, and More • PS4 News, Trophies, Reviews, and More
Batman: The Telltale Series Episode 2 Release Date Announced With Trailer
Keri HoneaThursday, September 15, 2016
Telltale announced today the release date of Batman: The Telltale Series Episode 2 for September 20, 2016. Called The Children of Arkham, Batman and Bruce will have to face rather uncomfortable questions about the character of Bruce’s father, Thomas Wayne.
With Gotham City’s first family mired in corruption, and an old friend now a dangerous adversary, the life of the Dark Knight is turned upside down. What was Thomas Wayne entangled in, and why was he killed? Determined to learn the truth about his father, Bruce sets out to question those involved in Gotham’s criminal past. But which mask will he wear – The billionaire, or the bat? Huge decisions will forever change the Batman and the lives of those around him, as he meets the Children of Arkham.
Also available is the retail version of the game, which contains the first two episodes and the Season Pass for the entire series of content. The retail version is already available in the US, and will arrive in Europe on September 16, 2016. The retail version costs $29.99, which is $5 more than the digital Season Pass for all five episodes. Both digital and retail are available for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4.
Tags: Batman: The Telltale Series, Batman: The Telltale Series Episode 2, Telltale Games
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Pearson Proud To Receive Award
Midfielder Ben Pearson was full of pride after picking up the Young Player of the Year award at Deepdale on Sunday.
After coming into the team back in October, the Manchester United Academy product quickly became a fans' favourite and one of the first names on the team sheet.
Pearson was named Young Player of the Year at the awards presentation during the community day on Sunday, and was delighted to see his hard work recognised.
The battling midfielder received an overwhelming majority of the votes for that category and on collecting the award, he told PNE PlayerHD: "I'm really proud, it's been a strong season for me. Personally it's nice to get the rewards for a tough, long season. It took me a while to get into the team but once I got in I hit form straight away and I've continued that throughout the season.
"I think having spent so much time out of the side at the start of the season, I think once you get in you want to establish yourself and make sure you don't go back out of it after realising what happens when you don't perform or work hard in training then the repercussions are that you don't play.
"I experienced that and it's something that I have learnt from now and I hopefully won't go back to that level that I was at. It just gave me a kick up the backside really to go in and concentrate fully and not let anything else affect me.
Despite a fantastic season for the 22-year-old, Pearson insists there is more to come from him as he continues to develop his game.
"I think it's a good start, I think there's a lot more to come. I think at the age of 22 there are a lot of improvements to be made, I'm nowhere near the finished article and there's still lots to my game that I can improve on.
"I'm still young, I've not played too many games so the more games I play and the more time I spend on the training pitch working on things then that will help me."
"There are a lot of young players on long term deals here and I think the team is here to stay for a while and it only bodes well for the future. I think with a few more signings then we could be a real force this season. "
Lilywhites
Young Player of the Year
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HOME ABOUT SERVICES & TRAINING BLOG Login
Don't call it a comeback—email newsletters are popular again for 3 compelling reasons
newsletters Apr 16, 2019
Bonus points if you listen to LL Cool J while you read this post.
You may have noticed that email newsletters are getting a lot of attention. The New York Times recently published The New Social Network That Isn't New At All. And then there was Business News Daily's People Trust Newsletters More Than the Actual News, Craig Mod's Oh God, It's Raining Newsletters, and Impact's Why Email Marketing Newsletters Are Making a Comeback.
But as LL says, "don't call it a comeback."
Newsletters have been around since shoulder pads, asymmetrical spiral perms, and Vans. And unsurprisingly, during the decade of excess and years to follow, we blasted our neon gradient and comic sans-laden newsletters to anyone and everyone.
I still wear Vans and send newsletters, but I do both with a little more sophistication than I did in 2001.
Here's how newsletters have evolved since the '80s. First and foremost, they're mobile. Most people have email and a smartphone. And newsletter templates are simple and responsive, so they look great on phones. Best of all, blasting is a thing of the past. Now, email is less about broadcasting and more about building relationships. See? Totally diff than the '80s, '90s, and '00s.
But our renewed love affair with email newsletters isn't about email's evolution—it's about our desire for trust, connection, and control.
Let's dive in, shall we?
We're moving away from the open and public social sharing popularized by Facebook and moving to private conversations. Even Zuck says so.
With all the scandals, trolls, and abuses of privacy, this shift is not surprising. We want more meaningful relationships—not merely more of them.
The social media landscape is shaped by algorithms and guided by third parties that profit from our contributions. As a result, we don't fully trust the information shared, know with certainty who's sharing it, or why.
Email newsletters are regaining popularity because they provide a direct connection between you and the people on your list. There are no third parties or algorithms. It's an opportunity to nurture relationships, build trust, and have meaningful conversations with your people.
Do you like being connected to your devices 24/7/365? If you're like most social media users, you've probably taken a break or two.
Most of us take a digital detox because we recognize we're more connected to our devices than to people. I've certainly felt that way, and it's gross.
The addictive nature of social media is real and deliberate. And if you're like me, you've felt the effects on your mental health. We feel:
Overwhelmed with things to do
Unsure about what works and where to focus our spending
Frustrated with how rapidly things change
Anxious because we can’t keep up with our peers
Stressed because we don't know how we'll do more than we're doing now
Email newsletters are enjoying a resurgence because they allow us to focus on our connection to people—not our devices. And we nurture those connections by adding value to peoples' lives and building trust by consistently staying in touch.
Social media platforms are owned by third parties. And the problem with that is they also own the connections you build with your fans and followers.
You don't get to decide who you reach when you post on social. And you have to pay for the privilege of getting in front of a fraction of the audience you built. Oh, and don't forget about algorithms and having to keep up with the latest changes.
We throw our time, attention, and money at social media. Essentially, we're owned by third parties too. And that lack of control is making us itchy. You feel it, right?
Control is precisely why newsletters are popular again. Craig Mod breaks it down nicely:
Ownership in email in the same way we own a paperback: We recognize that we (largely) control the email subscriber lists, they are portable, they are not governed by unknowable algorithmic timelines. And this isn’t ownership yoked to a company or piece of software operating on quarterly horizon, or even multi-year horizon, but rather to a half-century horizon. Email is a (the only?) networked publishing technology with both widespread, near universal adoption, and history. It is, as they say, proven.
Now what?!
Trust, connection, and control are making a comeback. Email newsletters are popular again. So are Vans. Coincidence? I don't think so.
If you're ready to send your own email newsletter but don't know where to start, give me a jingle at 503.475.2691 or drop me a line. I can set up your Mailchimp account, collaborate with you, or do your newsletter for you. If you need help with strategy, content, design, format, list management, etc.—I got you. 🤗
© 2019 Portland Localist
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Religious Radio from Bhutan
Religious music or also called sacred music are songs that are performed or composed with the aim of using them in a religious way. There are different categories in this music genre, a few of these are: Christian Music, Jewish Music, Hindu Music and maybe the most popular Genre in this Genre, Rastafarian Music. After this paragraph, we will give you a list of all Religious music categories. Rastafarian is probably the most listened category because the other categories aren’t very popular by the people who aren’t interested in that religion. That’s not the case with Rastafarian music because also people from other religions or people who don’t believe in a religion listen to Reggae music. The different categories in the Religious Music genre are: - Christian Music - Hindu Music - Sikh Music - Jewish Music - Islamic Music - Rastafarian Music - Shinto Music - Buddhist music - Zoroastrian Music The first music that was played in the Christian Churches came from Jewish worship music. This Music wasn’t realy sang but more spoken, it was something in between. Another possibility is that the Christian Music came from an ascetic monastic order. Buddhist music are song used in ritual or meditation by Buddhists. Music that’s also related to this genre are: - Gospel Music - Church Music - Spiritual Music - Liturgical Music There’s also a festival for this genre, namely the ‘World Sacred Music Festival’ and the first place where the festival was held was the holy city Fes in Morocco . It’s a worldwide festival witch now takes place in Los Angeles every 3 years. The festival was originated by ‘The Dalai Lama’ in 1999 where they wanted to celebrate the Human Spirit. The World Sacred Music Festival is Sponsored every year by Interfaith Work which Is a non-profit company.
RELIGIOUS BHUTAN
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Folk Radio from Brunei
Folk is the genre name for song’s that are originally English traditional Music. One of the most important music instruments in the Folk genre are the fiddle, banjo and the accordion. This music genre has arisen in the 50’s and became really popular in the 70’s and 80’s. Folk is related to blues and country. Mostly Folk songs are played acoustic and not electrically amplified. In 2000 psychedelic folk originated in America. These songs were particularly experimental music where they mixed folk songs with different music genres. They also speak of New Weird America when they are talking about psychedelic folk but the meaning of this genre is a little bit more wide and also consists of non-folkbands. Several famous musicians in this genre are Woody Guthrie,Joan Baez, Iain Matthews and last but not least the famous singer Bob Dylan. Woody Guthrie was a singer/songwriter whoset examples about which issues and subject folk singers could sing about. The tunes he used came often from traditional and popular songs. He was known to sing about important issues in the world and bring it to the public in simple language. Bob Dylan is for the new generation a little bit more famous. Famous songs from Bob Dylan are ‘knockin on heaven’s door’ and ‘like a rolling stone’. He revolutionized present music by adding folk and blues into timely and ageless songs. After a performance where he used an electric guitar, he received a lot of criticism that came from folk lovers. The third famous Folk singer is Bill Monroe which got recognized as the founder of American Bluegrass music. Subgenres that emerged from Folk throughout the years are: - Irish Folk - Bluegrass The fusion genres that have emerged out of Folk are: - Folkrock - Folkjazz - Indiefolk - Folktronica - Vikingmetal - Americana - Anti-folk - …
FOLK BRUNEI Rating: 4
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Fertility Map: Comprehensive Reproductive Health Study
Fert&i: Comprehensive analysis of the receptivity
TIME: Study of the immune status of the endometrium
Heres: Genetic Compatibility Test
TromboGene: Genetic Test for Hereditary Thrombophilia
Nativa: Non Invasive Prenatal Test for Aneuploidy
Inheritance cancer
Genetics Test for Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Genetic Test for General Hereditary Cancer
SportGene: Genetic Test Sudden Death Predisposition
DNArterial: Genetic Test Hypertension Predisposition
LipoGene: Genetic Test Familial Hypercholesterolemia Predisposition
GeneXVitae: Personalized Nutritional Study
Mitochondrial Mutations
Apoptosis Kit
R & D Lines
What is fibromyalgia and how does it affect patients?
How is it diagnosed? Are there new methods?
Why is an early diagnosis important? What does it mean to be sick with FM?
Treatments used and why
Complementary treatment of fibromyalgia through nutritional interventions
Physicians fail to recommend genetic testing to many high-risk breast cancer patients
Posted on 9 March, 2017 by Pronacera Therapeutics
Physicians often fail to recommend genetic testing to breast cancer patients at high risk for cancer-associated mutations. Improving access to genetic counseling about the testing process and results is a key priority.
Physicians often fail to recommend genetic testing for breast cancer patients at high risk for mutations associated with ovarian and other cancers, according to a large study by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine and five other U.S. medical centers.
Asian-Americans and older women were particularly likely to be “undertested.” Not testing these women represents a critical missed health care opportunity, the researchers said.
“We found that genetic counseling and testing are not well-matched to medical need,” said Allison Kurian, MD, associate professor of medicine and of health research and policy at Stanford. “Women are very interested in genetic testing but many fail to receive it. This is particularly worrisome because it means that doctors are missing the opportunity to prevent cancers in mutation carriers and their family members.”
Kurian is the lead author of the study, published online Feb. 7 in JAMA. University of Michigan researchers Reshma Jagsi, MD, DPhil, and Steven Katz, MD, MPH, share senior authorship.
Surveying more than 2,500 women
Genetic testing can identify the presence of mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are strongly linked to the development of breast and ovarian cancers, as well as the presence of other cancer-related mutations.
Kurian and her colleagues surveyed 2,529 women with stage-0 to stage-2 breast cancer two months after surgery. The women were asked whether they wanted genetic testing and, if so, whether they had received it.
Although about two-thirds of the women said they wanted to be tested, only about one-third said they had been tested. About eight in 10 of those at highest risk for BRCA mutations wanted testing, but just over half of them were actually tested. About 56 percent of the women who were not tested attributed the lack of testing to the fact that it was not recommended by their physicians.
Genetic counseling often unavailable
The survey also found that genetic counseling, either to help the patients decide whether to seek testing or to help them understand the results of their tests, often did not occur. Only about 40 percent of all high-risk women, and 60 percent of those high-risk women who were tested, reported having a genetic counseling session.
This is particularly worrisome because it means that doctors are missing the opportunity to prevent cancers in mutation carriers and their family members.
“Genetic testing results can affect what sort of surgery a woman may choose to treat her existing breast cancer, as well as what treatments she should pursue to reduce the risk of forming new cancers in the future,” said Jagsi, who is professor and deputy chair of radiation oncology at Michigan. “We don’t have a crystal ball, but genetic testing can be a powerful tool for certain women. It is worrisome to see so many of those women at highest risk for mutations failing even to have a visit focused on genetic counseling.”
Overall, the survey’s results indicate that women are often not learning of genetic mutations that could lead to the development of additional cancers in them or in family members who may carry the same mutation. Women who know they carry a cancer-associated mutation may opt for more frequent or stringent screening, or sometimes even surgery to remove their breasts or ovaries before a cancer develops.
“The fact that many women are not offered genetic testing after a diagnosis of breast cancer is an important illustration of the challenges of driving advances in precision medicine into the exam room,” said Katz, who is a professor of medicine and of health management and policy at Michigan.
“It is likely that some doctors don’t realize the benefit that genetic testing provides,” said Kurian, who is also a member of the Stanford Cancer Institute. “They may also lack the ability to explain the testing process and results clearly with patients. Priorities for the future should include strategies to expand the genetic counselor workforce and interventions to improve physicians’ skills in communication and cancer risk assessment.”
Researchers from the University of Southern California, Emory University and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center also contributed to the study.
Source: http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2017/02/many-high-risk-breast-cancer-patients-undertested.html
Posted in Sin categoría Tagged #internationalwomensday, breast cancer, cancer, genetic
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Association pro Terra Sancta
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home / Multimedia / The Holy Land in news / Story of the JACC, the centre supporting African refugees in ..
Story of the JACC, the centre supporting African refugees in Jerusalem
In Israel there is a refugee “emergency” as well. It’s different from the one Europe is facing, of course, but significant. The largest waves of migration began at the end of the nineties and early 2000 due to the Eritrean independence on one side and the start of the dictatorial and military regime of Isaias Afewerki, on the other by the outbreak of the Darfur conflict, the region west of Sudan and ceased after ten years. Almost all the refugees in Israel, in fact, came from Sudan, Eritrea and Ethiopia and came through a long and dangerous journey through Egypt and Sinai. Since 2013, with the construction of a barrier to protect the border between Israel and Egypt, migration has been drastically interrupted.
Today there are about 40,000 people in Israel that come from these conflict zones. Generally, for those who come from war-torn and conflict states, asylum procedures are quicker and have a positive outcome, but in all these years, only a dozen people have been granted asylum in Israel. The overwhelming majority remain on Israeli soil illegally, with temporary permits. The activities of the JACC Association (Jerusalem African Community Center) aim at creating the conditions necessary to improve the quality of life of African refugees in Jerusalem. To date, in the Holy City there are about 3500 refugees and asylum seekers and JACC is the only organization in the city equipped to meet the needs of the community. Given the precarious condition, most of the refugees have limited employment opportunities and very often they are humble and underpaid jobs, connected to difficulties in finding a suitable housing place and very often they are denied access to appropriate medical care and welfare.
The NGO was founded in 2014 on the roots of a popular initiative started in 2007 by a group of volunteers and since its inception, the association has had the support and support of the Franciscan Friars. The then Custodian, Father Pierbattista Pizzaballa, saw in the good intention of the project the Franciscan mission to help all Christians in the Holy Land. Last year the then Custos, Father Francesco Patton asked ATS pro Terra Sancta to engage in this project, helping JACC, together with the Custody of the Holy Land, in the development of their activities.
The center provides legal, medical and employment assistance. There is a psychological support program run by students of social studies supervised by a professional social worker to provide emotional, psychological and social support to families. In particular, support is given to single mothers and women survivors of sexual violence and torture who have suffered along the route before arriving in Israel.
Another very important item among the activities of the center is the educational aspect. The JACC director, Josie Mendelson, believes in the role of education to improve the condition of the community within Israeli society. “We have implemented an academic tutoring program that takes place at JACC headquarters three times a week. The boys are helped out with homework, in the study of languages and other school subjects. Children are also given a substantial and balanced meal and a snack. We organize courses in English, Hebrew, Tigrinya (the mother tongue of Eritrea), computers for children and adults to promote communication between parents and children, always difficult in a context of migration “.
We went to meet the JACC children and volunteers during the after-school activities and all the children welcomed us with exuberance and joy, eager to show us their progress.
“We are very happy with the results we are achieving”, instructors and volunteers tell us “the kids that participate in our courses have improved at school and are able to communicate better with their teachers and peers”. Senait, an eleven-year-old Ethiopian girl, with a little shyness, confesses: “I like Jerusalem, but Adiss Abeba …” Her words give voice to the dreams of many people in the community who wish one day to return to their countries when peace returns and their lives will no longer be at risk.
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Home / NKU
Papa John's Pizza Kicked Off NKU Campus
This story has been updated to include the full letter from the NKU president.
Papa John's won't be serving pizza on Northern Kentucky University's campus when students return to Highland Heights next month.
New President Ashish Vaidya sent a letter to the campus community denouncing the recent comments made by the pizza chain's founder, John Schnatter.
“Recent remarks made by the founder of the pizza chain Papa John’s are offensive, hurtful and unacceptable and do not reflect the core values of NKU,” said in the emailed letter, as first reported by The Northerner.
Schnatter was ousted as chairman of the Papa John's board of directors following a report by Forbes that he used the racist n-word in a phone call with a marketing firm:
On the May call, Schnatter was asked how he would distance himself from racist groups online. He responded by downplaying the significance of his NFL statement. “Colonel Sanders called blacks n-----s,” Schnatter said, before complaining that Sanders never faced public backlash.
In recent days, Colonel Sanders' family defended the Kentucky Fried Chicken founder from Schnatter's assertion that he was racist.
On Sunday, the Papa John's board voted to prevent Schnatter from retaking control of the company.
Vaidya stated that Papa John's will be replaced by an in-house service operated by Chartwells, which manages food service on campus. All current employees will keep their jobs. Input will be taken from the community before a permanent franchise is decided, Vaidya said.
The full letter from Vaidya follows:
Dear Campus Community:
Northern Kentucky University has a longstanding commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion that is embedded in all facets of our campus. It is a defining characteristic that makes me proud to serve as president of this university whose faculty and staff are focused on helping our students lead meaningful lives and successful careers. We believe our students, faculty and staff benefit from a rich environment of thought and experience that is gained by welcoming people from all backgrounds and perspectives.
Recent remarks made by the founder of the pizza chain Papa John’s are offensive, hurtful and unacceptable and do not reflect the core values of NKU. Because of this, we have asked our external food services partner, Chartwells, to remove the franchise from our campus. Our commitment to diversity and inclusivity is a fundamental part of what makes NKU great, and we expect all of our business associations to align with these values. I know that Chartwells Higher Education takes pride in creating a campus dining program that embraces diversity, inclusion and respect and is committed to working with partners who share these same values. Chartwells will replace the current franchise with an in-house service that will serve a pizza-based menu in time for the start of the fall semester. All current employees are Chartwell's employees and will retain their jobs. During the fall, we will seek campus input before determining a permanent franchise for the Student Union.
We are proud of what NKU stands for and we will continue to foster an environment where all are given an opportunity to learn and thrive.
Ashish K. Vaidya
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She’s the One: Americans Name Their Most Admired Woman
Alyssa Jung
And it’s Hillary Clinton—again!
For the 11th year in a row, Americans named Clinton as their Most Admired Woman in the world, according to a Gallup poll. With the 2012 honor, Clinton has earned the title the most times (17 total) in Gallup history.
The USA Today/Gallup poll is open-ended, meaning Americans are asked to name the man and woman they most admire without any prompting or options. Twenty-one percent of 1,038 total respondents mentioned the Secretary of State. President Barack Obama was the most admired man in the world for the fifth time, with 30 percent of mentions. Michelle Obama was number two behind Clinton, mentioned by 5 percent, followed by Oprah Winfrey with 4 percent. Nelson Mandela was second to Obama with 3 percent of mentions, followed by Mitt Romney with 2 percent.
Gallup first posed its “Most Admired” question in 1946, but it was open only to men. In 1948, the question was expanded to include women.
Clinton, currently hospitalized but expected to recover from a blood clot near her brain, was first named most admired woman in 1993 as First Lady. She’s only missed the honor three times since, in 1995 and 1996 when she finished second to Mother Theresa and in 2001 when she was second to Laura Bush. Eleanor Roosevelt is the second most admired woman in Gallup history, named 13 times.
Photo credit: Styleite.com
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Go behind the scenes for Nothing But Thieves' #IAmWhole Mental Health Day video
Go behind the scenes with Nothing But Thieves to find out all about their work with new mental health project, #IAmWhole.
Published: 9:41 am, October 10, 2017
The NHS and youth charity YMCA have joined forces for a new mental health campaign. #IAmWhole was launched in 2016 by Rizzle Kicks’ Jordan Stephens as a direct response to the mental health difficulties being experienced by young people throughout the UK.
The efforts will focus on the effects of harmful language and negative stereotypes on mental health - and this year Nothing But Thieves are joining Jordan to front the campaign, recording a special version of their single (and album title-track) ‘Broken Machine’.
Hey Conor, first off - congrats on your new album doing so well in the charts. Were you expecting it to get such a high ranking?
Cheers! Not at all. We were all chasing the third or fourth position in the charts. Really shocked to find out it came in at second place. Just weird to have a Number 2 album.
What did you do to celebrate?
We had a party at Dom's house and also went out with the label. Just ruined ourselves in celebration goodness.
Are you pleased with how the album's going so far? It must be nice to finally have it out.
Very pleased. I think it's going down extremely well. Personally, I think it's ten times better than the first; I'm confident with it. Feels great to have it out, we've been sitting on it for about eight months after recording, so it's been so hard. Not very good at keeping secrets.
So how did you get involved in World Mental Health Day?
#IAmWhole contacted us out of the blue. I was taken aback by it and flattered to be a part of it. We just want to be able to help, if we can, in any way towards the campaign.
Is it an issue close to you guys?
Yeah, the last few years of touring and the lifestyle shift just flipped me over. I struggled with mental health issues, and it got to a terrible point where I nearly quit the band. We have friends and loved ones who struggle with it too. It's a big part of our lives, and the album has a lot of songs written about it.
"pull" text="It’s important to talk.
How do you cope with the pressures of band life?
Well, I didn't at all very well the last couple of years. It's weird; if I didn't have an awful time, I wouldn't have learnt the skills I needed to get through it. So in a way, I'm glad - it taught me a lot. For me personally, I try to normalise tour life. I try and take the way I live life off the road and apply it on the road. Simple things like some exercise, read a lot, good meals at similar times a day. A little goes a long way for me.
Quite a few of your songs are about life's difficulties, do you get fans opening up to you about their troubles as a result?
Absolutely. I think that's the main thing people should do, talk about it and be open. We definitely encourage it.
What are you all doing for your part of the campaign?
We're taking part in a music video for #IAmWhole. We're shooting our song 'Broken Machine' with a string section, and it sounds so so good. They smash it. I've been talking to #IAmWhole about my story too, what I went through and trying to get the message across about how important it is to talk.
How did you go about putting together the new version of ‘Broken Machine'?
We knew we really wanted to play one of our songs for the campaign with an orchestra/string section. 'Broken Machine' just seemed to fit for an odd orchestral section. Dom and I did string arrangement in A-level Music so he quickly pieced together an idea of what we wanted which sounded great and sent it to this incredible arranger Chris Elliot who just turned it into this beautiful beast, sounds like a bond theme now.
And what's the best thing about taking part in #IAmWhole?
Being a part of encouraging people to talk about their mental health issues. Spreading the message that it is real and very serious and shunning the negative comments towards it.
Find out more about #IAmWhole at ymca.org.uk.
Photos: Poppy Marriott / Dork
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Firm Registration
Proprietorship Firm
REGISTER A
@ Rs 19999 All Inclusive No Hidden Charge
*Stamp Duty Extra For Madhya Pradesh, Punjab & Kerala
Section 8 company is a non-profit organization which works for the welfare of society, environment, human, etc.
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WHAT IS SECTION 8 COMPANY?
Section-8 Company registered under Companies Act, 2013 for social activity without having any intention for earning a profit. The primary objective of the company is working for the development of the society, protection of the earth and environment, working in the field of art, commerce, literature, sports, all living creatures protection, research, and development, etc. without earning any profit. The company is incorporated in the form of either private limited company or public limited company, but it cannot use the “private limited” or “limited” word at the end of the name of the company. The company cannot distribute the dividends to its member or share the profit. Whatever profit is earned by the company it shall be utilized only for the purpose for which the company is incorporated. In simple term, section-8 Company is a non-profit organization whose motive is to contribute its effort to the society for its development and betterment but under companies act this non-profit organization is known as section-8 Company.
What Do You Get In Section 8 Company
1 RUN Application Form
2 Director Identification Number
2 Digital Signature
NGO License
Article of Association
PAN Card Of Company
TAN Number Of Company
Board Resolution To Open Bank Account
Documents Required For Section 8 Company Registration
Pan card is required for all the Directors and Shareholders of the company.
ID PROOF
Driving License, Voter Id Card or Passport. Any one Id Proof is required for all the Directors and Shareholders of the company.
Latest Bank Statement not older than 2 months is required for all the Directors and Shareholders of the company.
PASSPORT SIZE PHOTO
Passport size photograph is required for all the Directors and Shareholders of the company.
REGISTERED OFFICE PROOF
Latest Utility bill not older than 2 months, Rent agreement in case of rented property Registry Proof or House Tax Receipt in case of owned property and No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the owner
Process Of Section 8 Company Registration
Submit Documents
Name Approval
Documents Preparation
License Application
You need to submit all the required documents.
We will verify all the documents and then apply for the name approval through the RUN application form. In one form we can apply for 4 names. Name of the company is subject to Government approval.
After the name approval of the company, we will apply for the Digital Signature. For Digital Signature Video and Mobile Verification will be required.
Once the ROC issues the name, we will draft Memorandum of Association, Article of Association and subscription statement of your company and required documents. We will prepare for license application as well as for company registration.
We will apply for the License of your section 8 company in form “INC-12” along with a memorandum of association & article of association.
After the license is issued by the ROC, we will submit all the documents along with the issued license to the ROC and will apply for the PAN and TAN simultaneously. Once Registrar of Companies duly verifies all the documents submitted, the approval is given, and the Certificate of Incorporation sent to you on your email id.
More About Section 8 Company
Eligibility for Section 8 Company
Advantages of Section 8 Company
Concerns Related to Section 8 Company
SHAREHOLDER: As compared to private limited and public limited company section-8 Company also have shareholders. The minimum limit of shareholders depends upon the category in which the company is registered. If the company is registered in the form of the private limited company, then the minimum shareholder shall be 2 and maximum shall be 200 but if the company registered under the category of the public limited company the minimum limit shall be 7 and maximum no limit. However, the shareholders of the company shall not take part and distribute the profit earned by the company.
DIRECTORS: The provisions for the appointment of the director are same as applicable under the private limited company and public limited company. If it is formed as a private limited company, then a minimum of two directors are required for the registration of the company. If it is registered in the form of a public limited company category, then a minimum of three directors is necessary at the time of registration. However, the maximum limit of the director of the company can be 15.
NAME: It is mandatory to use the word “private limited” or “limited” at the end of the name of the private limited company and public limited company, but the section-8 company has an exception for using such words. Section-8 Company can use the following words at the end of the name of the company:
Charities; and many other
For example Reliance Foundation, TATA Foundation, etc.
REGISTERED OFFICE: Every company needs a registered office at the time of incorporation of the company. The registered office is mandatory for every company as all the documents and notices shall be sent to that address, and this address shall be mentioned in every document, letterhead, deeds, all other documents of the company
CAPITAL: Now there is no requirement for having the minimum money in the company. The company can use any amount as its capital amount, but the paid-up share capital of the company shall be less than the authorized capital.
OBJECTIVE: Objective means the business activity of the company, and it shall not be for a profit-making purpose. The company will work only for the betterment, development and the protection of the society, nation, environment, living creatures. The main field of the organization can be society, sports, religion, art, commerce, protection of the environment, research and development and all other grounds which gives benefit to the community and the nation. The company cannot share the profit between the members of the company. All the income earned by the company shall be utilized only for the completion of the objective of the company.
The company's main objective is to promote and develop the society. The company looks at the weaker part of the nation and cures it. Due to its aim, the company gains the trust of the general public due to which the brand value of the company increased.
The company has non-profit motive objective due to which it enjoys the numerous tax exemption under Income Tax Act, 1961.
Like the other companies, the section-8 company also enjoys the separate legal entity status. Moreover, the members and the directors of the company are the independent part of the company. Their individual status is different from the status of the company
The company enjoys all the privileges like the limited company subject to limited liability obligation.
Relaxation to use the word "private limited" and "limited" at the end of the name.
There is no minimum capital requirement for the section-8 company, but it can be increased or decreased anytime during the life of the company.
Easy to get the donation from the general public. The company works for social welfare due to which it receives the financial help from the people in the form of the donation.
The company is operating for the development and the protection of the society due to which it has to follow specific strict rules and regulations so that the company shall work for the benefit of the community not for the particular person.
The profit of the company cannot be distributed among the shareholders of the company. Company shall utilize its profit and earned income only for the objective of the company.
The company shall not distribute any dividend to its shareholders. In private limited company and public limited company the company spread its part of the profit to the shareholders of the company but under this company distribution of dividend is strictly prohibited.
The company cannot alter its memorandum of association and article of association without the approval of central government.
The company cannot operate its activity in any field rather than of its objective as mentioned in the memorandum of association.
Although the company enjoys specific exemption on income under income tax act, 1961 still the company fall under the flat 30 % tax rate. The company has to pay 30% of the income earned during the financial year of the company to the government.
The government shall revoke the license issued for operating section-8 Company if the company contravenes any provision or shall not follow any guidelines issued by the government or perform its functions fraudulently.
If the company wants to convert itself from section-8 Company to any other kind of company, then it shall comply all the provisions before its conversion.
Let our experience be your guide
Section 8 Company Registration @19999/-
Ques: Which kind of functions can be operated in the section-8 company?
A section-8 can run its function only for the welfare of society. The area in which a section-8 company can operate its functions are:
Literature, etc. but only with not profit-making purpose.
Ques: What are the minimum and maximum limit of the members in the section-8 company?
If a section-8 company is registered under the format of a private limited company then the minimum requirement of the member is 2 and the maximum limit of the member is 200 and if it is registered as a public company then the minimum limit is 7 but there is no maximum limit.
Ques: Can a section-8 company change its business activity?
Yes, the section-8 company can change its business activity but it should be for social welfare, but if the company changed its activity from non-profit making purpose to profit-making purpose then firstly it should have to change its status from section-8 company to either private limited or public limited
Ques: What is the minimum requirement of the director in the section-8 company?
The minimum limit is either 2 if it is registered as a private limited company or 3 if it is registered as a public limited company.
Ques: What are the compliances of the section-8 company?
Once a section-8 company gets registered the following compliances need to be followed:
Open a bank account and deposit the paid-up capital
Submit Form INC-20A within 180 days from its registration
Appoint auditor within 30 days from its registration
File annual report and financial statement after the completion of one financial year
File Income Tax Return for the period of one financial year.
Intimate the ROC regarding any changes in the company
Ques: Can a NRI or foreign citizen can incorporate section-8 company in India?
Yes, any NRI or foreign citizen can incorporate a section-8 company in India and can be appointed as a director in the company but at least one director in the section-8 company shall be an India Citizen and must reside in India for the period of at least 182 days in a year.
Ques: Can a section-8 company distribute its profit among its members?
No, the section-8 company cannot distribute its profit to its member it can only use it for its objective.
Ques: Can a section-8 company take foreign donation?
Yes, but before taking any foreign donation it should first have to take FCRA registration from the RBI.
Ques: Can the Central Government cancel the license of the section-8 company after its registration?
Yes, if any time the central government thinks fit that the company has violated any condition for issuing the license or the company is using its profit for the distribution among the member or the motive become the profit-making then the central government can cancel or revoke its license issued.
Ques: What is the validity of the license and registration certificate granted to the section-8 company?
There is no time limit for the validity of the license and registration certificate of the section-8 company, it is valid until the company continues its function.
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Address: H.NO- 05, New Manglapuri , MG Road, New Delhi, Delhi 110030
Copyright © 2017 Kumud Legal Services Private Limited. All rights reserved
Please note that we are not a law firm and do not provide legal services ourselves. The information on this website is for the purpose of knowledge only and should not be relied upon as legal advice or opinion.
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Beware Unintended Consequences: What the RTH Model Tells Us about the Impact of President Trump’s Policies
Sustainable Financing,
Stewardship,
By now, we are all too familiar with the tragedy in Flint, Michigan. As of December 2016, 13 former state and local officials face criminal charges for failing to protect Flint citizens from health hazards caused by contaminated drinking water. “The leaders in charge at the time could have prevented this disaster, but they didn’t,” said Flint Mayor Karen Weaver. Ironically, despite the fact that decisions made by these leaders were intended to save money, that never came to be. In fact, long-term costs for infrastructure repairs alone are now estimated to be at least $200 million, and some say up to $1 billion may go to legal liability.
Flint provides a clear lesson on the consequences of choices–on policy decisions to be exact. Core to every policy decision is a statement about what or who is valued, whether explicit or implicit. Additionally, we also are limited in our capacity to see fully the intended and unintended consequences of any policy decision that is made. We find ourselves asking: Could the consequences in Flint have been predicted? Was critical evidence ignored? If Flint teaches us any lesson, it is the need to fully understand, as best we can, the potential consequences of policy decisions before they are made.
Based upon positions he has articulated so far, and those already being put in place, President Trump intends to usher in new policies, reverse some, and replace others. Certainly, this is expected with each new administration. But now is the time to ask: What might be the consequences of President Trump’s policies? More specifically, for ReThink Health, what could be the consequences on the health of our people? And what do these decisions say about what is valued?
For nearly 10 years, ReThink Health has been dedicated to understanding how policy decisions impact health, health care, costs, equity, and worker productivity. Using the ReThink Health Dynamics Model–a realistic, evidence-based computer simulation model of the U.S. health system–we are able to see the potential impact of various investments and policies. Our model makes it possible to look at a range of policies alone and in various combinations in order to assess their potential impact years into the future. One of the model’s key developers, Dr. Jack Homer, did just that with four of the new president’s stated policies. His white paper may be found here.
Let’s take a closer look at what the model says about the president’s policy changes in health, the economy, the environment, and crime. Based on numerous accounts, these policies will likely include repealing and replacing the Affordable Care Act (ACA); imposing increased trade restrictions, deregulating the financial sector, and other actions that could bring on an economic recession; pulling out of climate change agreements, supporting coal, and abandoning the Clean Power Plan; and, encouraging stop-and-frisk and police gun use together with abandoning community policing methods. We have seen several of these policies already shifting based on recent Executive Orders.
For the ACA repeal, the model suggests that fewer people would use health care services and cumulative costs could drop by $67 billion by 2021, the end of the president’s first administration, and $363 billion by 2029. That may sound like a great deal of money that could be used for other needed services or investments. However, ACA repeal could also bring an additional 72,000 deaths by 2029 and more than 4.5 million additional person-years of chronic illness. History shows that lack of coverage would cause many people to defer treatment that they can no longer afford. With fewer people healthy enough to work regularly–or at all–this translates into a $104 billion loss in worker productivity by 2029.
If some of Mr. Trump’s economic policies go into effect even without repealing the ACA, healthcare costs could go down by $32 billion by 2021 and as much as $178 billion by 2029, presumably because people cannot pay for clinical care or insurance coverage. Again, that might sound like a good outcome. But at the same time, these proposed policies could increase deaths by 360,000 by 2029 (even more of an impact than repeal of the ACA), due to a likely recession that drives up unemployment, making it far more difficult to pay for doctors’ visits and leaving the poor and the unemployed at significantly higher risk of death.
Were Mr. Trump’s environmental policies to go into effect, air and water quality are likely to suffer. Healthcare costs could go up by $22 billion by 2021 and $104 billion by 2029, as more people seek treatment for environmentally triggered illness and disease. The number of deaths could increase by 49,000 by 2021 and by 255,000 by 2029. As a result of these effects, workforce productivity is likely to decrease by $37 billion by 2029.
Implementation of tough-on-crime policies, which many predict may actually escalate street crime, would likely increase deaths significantly, second only to a recession, with an additional 60,000 premature deaths by 2021 and 288,000 by 2029. Healthcare costs would rise by $171 billion by the year 2029. This is largely due to people seeking treatment in emergency rooms as well as exacerbation of chronic diseases made worse as people bar their doors and stay inside.
If all four of these policies were implemented together today, there may be a cumulative total of almost 1 million unnecessary deaths by 2029, an extra 19.1 million person-years of chronic illness, and a loss of $3.2 trillion in productivity. Cumulative healthcare costs would also go down by $369 billion in that time period.
Using the ReThink Health model, we can see and discuss the possible consequences of policy changes, whether they are executed singly or in combination. Importantly, our model also can identify combinations of policies and strategies that would both lower healthcare costs and improve health. Our recent article in Health Affairs outlines a very different and much more positive scenario. In it we show how it is possible to reduce healthcare costs by as much as 14% and chronic illness by as much as 20%, and increase workforce productivity by approximately 9% beyond where they would otherwise be within 25 years.
We hope that our new president will take the necessary time to explore the full and potential consequences of his policies. We have the capacity to make changes for the better without doing harm. Wouldn’t that be a better path to pursue?
Follow us on Twitter: @ReThinkHealth
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Moscow police steel themselves for Champions League final
Published time: 17 May, 2008 02:00 Edited time: 17 May, 2008 06:00
When Moscow hosts football's Champions League final on Wednesday some 40,000 English fans are expected in the Russian capital to watch Chelsea and Manchester United. It's the first ever all-English final and police are practising security drills to maint
When it comes to security nothing is being left to chance for the match on May 21. Six thousand police and soldiers, including mounted police officers, will be on duty inside Luzhniki stadium for the final.
With this in mind, finding a common language is also crucial. Police officers will have English translators in all the important places, around the stadium, in the Metro and in Red Square.
Although English fans are notorious for street violence and clashes with police, Moscow officers do not seem to be overconcerned.
“I've seen how the British fans behave in the grounds. They are like kids compared to the Russian fans. There are sometimes problems in the streets, but I'm sure we'll manage it,” says police unit commander Pyotr Soprikin.
Russia-UK relations may not have been at their best lately, but when it comes to the all-English Champions League final, the two are standing side by side in the name of sport. British colleagues from the Home Office, the Metropolitan Police and Greater Manchester police force are coming to help their Russian counterparts.
In another development, Red Square in central Moscow has been turned into a 'camp for football'. It includes a pavilion where fans can be photographed beside the European Cup. There's a also a mini football pitch with an artificial surface for impromptu games. The camp also boasts a UEFA-organised museum, which includes the histories of both Chelsea and Manchester United.
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This year's RFID Journal Award winners included Joseph Andraski, Bechtel, Hy-Vee, Marks & Spencer, NXP Semiconductors, Post Foods, Skyview High School and the Taiwan Fiscal Information Agency.
Tags: Innovation, Retail, RFID Journal Awards, RFID Journal Events
We have been honoring outstanding RFID deployments for eight years now (see RFID Journal Awards). In that time, we have seen the quality of the submissions improve significantly.
This year, in the Best RFID Implementation category, there were many large-scale deployments that merited recognition. The independent panel of judges cast their votes, and two companies were tied: Marks & Spencer, which is RFID-tagging all apparel and general merchandise items at 750 U.K. stores, and Bechtel, which is using RFID to manage materials for three major construction projects off the coast of eastern Australia. RFID Journal editors tried to break the tie, but in the end, we gave both companies the award for Best Implementation. We profile their deployments in this issue.
One of the reasons I like to publish deployment case studies is to inspire other companies to think about how they could use RFID, either for the same application or in a different way. When Skyview High School was looking for a way to improve the safety of schoolchildren, a guidance counselor's husband read about RFID tags being used for personnel safety at a psychiatric hospital in California and pointed out the idea. The school worked with the RFID provider, Ekahau, to adopt the health-care solution for the education sector. For thinking outside the box, Skyview was honored with the Most Innovative Use of RFID award.
RFID Journal has been covering cold-chain technologies and solutions for many years, but only a few companies are using temperature tags to monitor some food products. That's likely to change when companies learn how supermarket company Hy-Vee is tracking all shipments of perishable goods from suppliers to its distribution centers, and then to the stores. For ensuring customers get the freshest foods, Hy-Vee earned the award for Best Use of RFID to Enhance a Product or Service.
This year's Green Award went to the Fiscal Information Agency of Taiwan for an RFID-based electronic-invoice solution designed to save trees and reduce CO2 emissions.
We introduced a new award this year, Best NFC Deployment, to highlight the use of Near-Field Communication technology, particularly in consumer applications. Post Foods was selected for its use of NFC cards to engage customers and generate brand loyalty.
Our annual Best In Show award, given to the best new product introduced at RFID Journal LIVE!, went to NXP Semiconductors for its NFC Connected tag, which makes washing machines, refrigerators and other electronic devices smarter. And Joseph Andraski was honored with the Special Achievement Award for his support for and commitment to promoting RFID adoption at the item level in retail.
Congratulations to all the companies honored with an RFID Journal Award, as well as all the finalists. And thanks to the many other companies that submitted entries. Look for case studies about some of their excellent RFID projects in "Premium Content" on our website. I'm sure you'll be inspired.
RFID Journal Announces Winners of Its Eighth Annual Awards
Keynote Speakers to Discuss RFID Deployments Underway at Lululemon Athletica, Oracle and Delta Air Lines
RFID Journal Announces Winners of Its 11th Annual RFID Journal Awards
Thoughts on RFID Journal LIVE! 2019
Is Retail Approaching the Tipping Point for RFID?
Why Marks & Spencer Talks About RFID
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Archive for category: Featured
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Rome brought to life through innovative workshops for Richmond’s MA students
Students on Richmond’s MA International Relations visited the University's Rome campus for a series of innovative workshops with leading scholars from around the world, from 24 to 28 June. The workshops included International Law and Politics…
https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Roman-forum.jpg 1200 1600 Victoria Olszewska https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RAIUL-landscape-WEB-EDIT-curves.svg Victoria Olszewska2019-07-15 10:14:132019-07-15 10:14:32Rome brought to life through innovative workshops for Richmond’s MA students
Exciting internship opportunity for student at the heart of US Congress
Richmond student, Aleksander Czarski, currently studying BA in International Relations, is doing an internship this summer in Washington, DC with Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard, a candidate for the President of the United States who also serves…
https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/image009.jpg 200 355 Victoria Olszewska https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RAIUL-landscape-WEB-EDIT-curves.svg Victoria Olszewska2019-07-12 10:34:572019-07-12 10:34:57Exciting internship opportunity for student at the heart of US Congress
Rome symposium held with leading academics hosted by Richmond and AIFS
Some world-renowned academics were honoured by Richmond and The American Institute for Foreign Study (AIFS) by being invited to attend a Fellowship Symposium in June at the University’s Rome campus. Each summer AIFS and Richmond awards…
https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/rome-fellows-symposium-june-2019-1.jpg 1120 1894 Frank Barnhouse https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RAIUL-landscape-WEB-EDIT-curves.svg Frank Barnhouse2019-07-11 17:04:412019-07-11 17:04:41Rome symposium held with leading academics hosted by Richmond and AIFS
Former student at Richmond makes her poetical debut
Snezhina Gulubova, who graduated from Richmond in spring, 2004, with a BA in International Relations and a minor in Politics, has just had her first collection of poetry published. ‘Time Whispers’ is a collection of 34 contemporary poems…
https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/image001-1.jpg 450 337 Victoria Olszewska https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RAIUL-landscape-WEB-EDIT-curves.svg Victoria Olszewska2019-07-08 17:00:512019-07-08 17:53:33Former student at Richmond makes her poetical debut
Italian student wins scholarship for Michelangelo study in London
An Italian PhD student, Dr Carlotta Mazzoncini, currently studying at the Humanities Department of Roma Tre University, has won a scholarship from the University’s Italian Council of Advisors, to study for several weeks in London this summer.…
https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/LondonFP.jpg 450 450 Alastair Wells https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RAIUL-landscape-WEB-EDIT-curves.svg Alastair Wells2019-07-05 14:11:532019-07-05 15:21:49Italian student wins scholarship for Michelangelo study in London
Go filmtastic for Independence Day
For the majority of Americans, Independence Day or July 4th, is a chance to celebrate with food, fun and fireworks. But did you know that two signers of the Declaration of Independence later became President of the United States, John Adams…
https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/download.png 342 504 Alastair Wells https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RAIUL-landscape-WEB-EDIT-curves.svg Alastair Wells2019-07-04 10:00:052019-07-01 16:50:22Go filmtastic for Independence Day
Experience life as a top soccer academy student at summer school in Bradford
The highly prestigious Richmond International Academic and Soccer Academy (RIASA) is offering students the chance to attend a week-long Summer Retreat in Apperley Bridge, near Bradford. Taking place from Saturday 6 to Sunday 14 July,…
https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/dsc_2491jpg_45346437992_o.jpg 822 1233 Alastair Wells https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RAIUL-landscape-WEB-EDIT-curves.svg Alastair Wells2019-06-28 11:11:022019-06-28 11:17:35Experience life as a top soccer academy student at summer school in Bradford
Richmond hosts US film crew for romantic drama
The University provided the perfect location for a two day film shoot this week, organised by US production company, G It’s Entertainment. The film, ‘Accidentally in Love’, is about a young couple who meet briefly while on an exchange…
https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/thumbnail_IMG_7249.jpg 960 1280 Alastair Wells https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RAIUL-landscape-WEB-EDIT-curves.svg Alastair Wells2019-06-26 14:57:082019-06-26 14:57:08Richmond hosts US film crew for romantic drama
Richmond Professor explores interpretations of female Cuban workers
Dr Daliany Jerónimo Kersh, funded by Richmond, The American International University in London, presented her paper on individual and collective interpretations of female Cuban workers at the 44th annual Caribbean Studies Association held in…
https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/thumbnail_image004.jpg 346 524 Alastair Wells https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RAIUL-landscape-WEB-EDIT-curves.svg Alastair Wells2019-06-19 09:19:542019-06-19 09:19:54Richmond Professor explores interpretations of female Cuban workers
Richmond extends range of options for students with new Digital Studies Minor
One of our most frequently mentioned selling points at Richmond is the range of subsidiary subjects on offer for undergraduates through our minors, based on the US educational system. From the Fall, a new subject will be joining them, with…
https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/digital_studies_minor.png 289 287 Alastair Wells https://www.richmond.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RAIUL-landscape-WEB-EDIT-curves.svg Alastair Wells2019-06-18 16:07:492019-06-18 16:08:52Richmond extends range of options for students with new Digital Studies Minor
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About R.H.S.
1967 - 1992 | Richmond Victoria Australia
Fight To Save
New Richmond High School
Home | History
There have been two Richmond High School’s located in Victoria, Australia:
Richmond High School 1967 – 1987
Richmond Secondary College 1987 – 1992
Richmond High School 2018 –
Richmond High School – 1967
Richmond High School opened it’s doors on Tuesday 7th February 1967.
61 boys and 31 girls were housed in 4 portable classrooms in the grounds of Brighton Street State Primary School*, Brighton Street, Richmond | Map.
By 1968, Richmond High School had grown to 8 portable classrooms but was still located at the back of Brighton Street State Primary School.
In 1969, the teachers, staff and pupils assisted moving the school to it’s purpose built home on the banks of the Yarra River near Bridge Road, Richmond | Map.
Richmond Secondary College – 1987
In 1987 it was announced Richmond High School would amalgamate with Richmond Technical School and become Richmond Secondary College. Officially Richmond Secondary College was born in 1988.
After a well publicised fight, Richmond Secondary College closed its doors in 1992, and today the building and grounds are home to Melbourne Girls College.
History (Source: Facebook page)
This Richmond High School opened its doors on the 7th February 1967 to 61 boys and 31 girls in 4 temporary classrooms in the grounds of Brighton Street Primary School.
In 1970, staff and pupils assisted moving the school to its new home on the banks of the Yarra River near Bridge Road Richmond.
This from Bruce Hearn: “On our first morning at our new school I arrived before 6 am with sandwiches and a thermos and sat on the steps of the school foyer, just so I would forever be the first student ever to attend RHS. I still rate this my finest achievement in life and it’s been all downhill since! ”
It eventually closed under the Kennett regime, and the ensuing stand-in protest saw the use of truncheons by the police in a very heavy-handed technique to disperse the crowd, which made headlines and news broadcasts back then.
Today the building and grounds are home to Melbourne Girls College.
Most students hailed from local primary schools, here’s a few:
Richmond Central
https://www.facebook.com/groups/76870946114/
https://www.facebook.com/richmondwestps?fref=ts
Burnley Primary School
https://www.facebook.com/groups/29852140312/?fref=ts
St Ignatius Primary School Richmond
St James Primary School – North Richmond
Cremorne St Primary School
https://www.facebook.com/CremorneStreetPS
http://www.yarraps.vic.edu.au/history-yarra-primary
http://www.yarraps.vic.edu.au/
Auburn Primary School
https://www.facebook.com/groups/2376895558/
Files relating to Richmond High School (1967- 1992) were moved to the Victoria’s State Archives office | Public Records Office Victoria along with files from Richmond Secondary College [VPRS-9654-P1].
A large quantity of material from the school was lodged with the Yarra Library in Church Street during the occupation of the site in 1993.
* Brighton Street Primary School is now named Richmond Primary School and is located in the block bordered by Barkly, Burgess, Mary and Brighton Streets in Richmond. The school was opened in 1874. In the late 1980’s Brighton Street, Burnley Primary School and Cremorne Street Primary were amalgamated to form the new Richmond Primary School.
A new Richmond High School opened its doors in 2018 at a new location in Richmond.
All Years Social Night
3 floors of space for everyone to come and bring back many memories we all shared. All Years Social night For Richmond High School ext-students Hosted by Katrina Theophanous Friday March 23, 2018 at 6 PM Fargo and Co 216 Swan St, Richmond, Victoria, Australia 3121 Interested?
Richmond High Opens 2018
76 students will begin the inaugural year 7 class of the new $43m Richmond High school in January 2018. All of the students will be local says principal Colin Simpson who’s mission is to make to make Victoria’s first vertical state high school the school of choice for local families.. ‘An extraordinary opportunity’: the new[Read More]
Richmond and Burnley Historical Society Album: Richmond High School
Richmond and Burnley Historical Society have published an album: Richmond High School. It has some fabulous school photo’s from 1967 right through to 1982. This album is dedicated to all class photos, social/event/sports photos and everything of relevance to the past staff and students to the school. Please feel free to share your school photos[Read More]
New Richmond High
Richmond High School will cater for 650 Year 7-12 students, open in 2019.
Academic Precinct:
4 Griffiths Street, Richmond
Multi-Purpose Facility:
16 Gleadell Street, Richmond
Who Said What..
MaiLienDoan on Welcome Pupils & Teachers
Daniela on Richmond High School Reunion
Jim Larue on Richmond High School Reunion
Richmond High School opened in 1967 with the Kennett Government closing it in 1992. By the time it closed, it had been renamed Richmond Secondary College. Read More
There have been 2 Richmond High School’s in Victoria.. 1967 and 2018.. Read More
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Punjabi home
20 Apr 2019 - 6:32am
Sikhs to plant a million trees to mark 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak
Sikhs aim to plant a million trees as a 'gift to the planet' (Facebook/EcoSikh)
Sikhs aim to plant a million new saplings as their 'gift to the entire planet', in a bid to reverse the effects of environmental degradation and help young people to reconnect with nature.
Avneet Arora
9 Apr 2019 - 11:01 AM UPDATED 20 Apr 2019 - 6:32 AM
The Sikh community across the globe has taken on a challenge to plant a million trees to commemorate 550 years since the birth of the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak.
Through the 'Million Tree Project', Sikhs around the world aim to plant new saplings as their 'gift to the entire planet' in a bid to reverse the effects of environmental degradation and to help young people to reconnect and strengthen their relationship with nature.
Ravneet Pal Singh, South Asia Project Manager of the US-based environmental organisation, EcoSikh, which is spearheading the project, told SBS Punjabi the idea is to create awareness among Sikh youth about environmental issues, in line with Guru Nanak's teachings.
"The aim is to raise awareness, create more forests and sensitise the Sikh youth towards environmental concerns and to promote the message that protecting the environment is an integral part of our sewa and Sikh faith," Mr Singh told SBS Punjabi.
"The volunteers have already planted over 50,000 trees in the north Indian state of Punjab and in other parts of the world," he added.
Sikhs aim to plant a million trees to mark the 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak in November
As part of the project, EcoSikh is also working in parity with Afforestt, an organisation that trains people in creating sustainable forests using the 'Miyawaki' method of tree plantation which involves random and dense plantation of native species.
Advocates of this method of plantation claim that forests created using this technique can grow up to 10 times faster and that they are 30 times denser.
"Using this technique, we have already built three model 'Sacred Guru Nanak forests' in Punjab comprising over 1500 trees," said Mr Singh
"We have got an overwhelming response from people across Punjab. We have already received 80 queries from people who want us to build forests on their landholdings using the Miyawaki method."
Their goal is to create 1,800 such forests and plant a million trees across the world, by the time of Guru Nanak’s birthday in November.
Listen to SBS Punjabi Monday to Friday at 9 pm. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter.
Townsville update: Sikh volunteers provide much-needed help
The community of Innisfail, youth organisations, United Sikhs as well as Khalsa Aid have come together to provide much needed assistance to the people of flood-ravaged Townsville.
Sikh volunteer wins Citizen of the Year award
For Harpreet Singh, community service is not just a task but a chance to set an example for the young generation and give back to the community.
Sikhs explore their 120-year-old connection with Indigenous Australians
Noongar elder Rose Davis welcomed the Sikh community to Tammin, WA, to share stories of their unique connection.
Stay Connected - Punjabi
SBS Punjabi
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April 2018 Health Policy Update
In this blog, we give you the latest updates regarding U.S. health policies.
Lawmakers Attempt to Designate the Month of May as Stroke Awareness Month
Rep. Joyce Beatty (D-OH) and 21 other co-sponsors offer to designate May as Stroke Awareness Month. Their resolution, H. Res. 337, has been sent to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that one person dies from stroke every four minutes in the United States. The CDC also says that stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability among Americans.
House Unable to Pass Balanced Budget Amendment
The House of Representatives failed to get the two-thirds vote that was needed to pass the constitutional balanced-budget amendment. H.J. Res. 2 would have required Congress to spend no more than its revenue each year and would have subjected federal programs to be cut in order to meet this requirement. The bill also would have increased taxes to pay for the spending. In order for the amendment to have passed, both the House and the Senate needed to approve the proposal by supermajority votes and ratification from the majority of States. 28 states have passed similar resolutions calling for a constitutional convention to adopt the amendment. Only six more states are needed to call a constitutional convention.
Senate Democrats Oppose ADA Changes
On March 29, Sen. Tammy Duckworth (D-Ill.), along with 42 other democratic senators wrote a letter to Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.), pledging to block the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Education and Reform Act. The bill, H.R. 620., weakens the provisions of access to public accommodations like restaurants, hotels, stores, and medical facilities, by placing the responsibility on the disabled person to complain about noncompliance regarding accessibility. The measure passed the House and has been sent to the Senate for consideration. The Brain Injury Association of America went on record to oppose H.R. 620.
ACL to Hold Feedback Forums for ACL’s TBI Federal Coordination Plan
The Administration for Community Living (ACL) will be holding six stakeholder feedback conference calls to help inform the development of the Federal Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Coordination Plan. The goal of the forum is to make sure the perspectives of all stakeholders are incorporated into the Plan.
There are two calls available in April:
April 18, 7-8:30 p.m. (EDT): For self-advocates
April 19, 12-1:30 p.m. (EDT): All stakeholders welcome
You can register here if you are interested in participating in a forum.
Trump Signs Executive Order for New Public Assistance & Work Requirements
President Trump signed an Executive Order that calls for department secretaries to create plans to impose work requirements on able-bodied recipients of public assistance programs like food assistance, Medicaid, and low-income housing subsidies. The Secretaries of the Treasury, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, and Education are expected to make “a list of recommended regulatory and policy changes” to get recipients of these programs into the workforce.
VA Secretary Removed By President
David Shulkin was removed from his position as Secretary of Veterans Affairs (VA) by President Trump on March 28. Trump has since nominated his physician, Admiral Ronny Jackson, M.D. Honorable Robert Wilkie will be serving as Acting Secretary until Dr. Jackson is confirmed by the Senate.
Do you have more questions about brain injuries or U.S. health policies? Contact our team of San Francisco traumatic brain injury attorneys to get answers today.
Family members' experience with in-hospice health care after severe traumatic brain injury
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Point Blank Range: What Does It Mean? What’s The Origin Of The Phrase?
Ashish 10 months ago
“After his cover was blown, the army sniper had to fire at the enemy at point blank range.”
“The injuries caused by getting shot at point blank range are often quite grievous.”
“Dave was so bad at archery that he hardly managed to hit the target, even at point blank range!”
Just like the examples above, you may have heard the phrase ‘point blank’ used in many conversations pertaining to firefights/gun battles and archery. Most action movies (like the James Bond, Jason Bourne, Mission Impossible series… just to name a few) involve gun fights where a lot of shooting occurs at point blank range.
A still from the movie Skyfall. James Bond, a fictional British spy, finds himself involved in firefights quite frequently, and often has to shoot enemies at point blank range. (Photo Credit : straitsTimes)
Do you know what ‘point blank’ actually means? More importantly, why does it have such an odd name? What’s the story there?
Point blank range
When the distance between the shooter and the target is too small, it’s usually called shooting at point blank range. In other words, you could say that point blank range is that distance from which a shooter cannot miss if they have aimed directly at the target. That’s why the phrase ‘point blank’ has come to mean a ‘can’t miss’ range with a firearm in everyday language.
However, if you are to define ‘point blank’ range in more specific terms, you’d say that it’s the distance over which the trajectory of a given projectile fired from a particular weapon remains ‘flat enough’ so that the shooter can hit the target by firing at it directly.
If the target is very close, we say that it’s at point blank range.
In order to understand where the phrase ‘point blank’ comes from, it helps to know a thing or two about the ballistics of a fired bullet.
A bullet’s trajectory
Unless you’re one of the characters from the 2008 movie Wanted, the bullets you fire always go in a straight line. Or do they?
Actually, they don’t, if the target is far enough away.
The moment a bullet leaves the muzzle of the gun, it starts falling towards the ground due to Earth’s gravity (and a few other factors as well as, such as air friction, wind resistance etc.). Since the horizontal velocity of the bullet is very high, it seems to travel in a straight line, but contrary to what it might seem, a bullet actually follows a parabolic path (not a straight one). That is why shooters have to aim slightly above their target to hit it accurately.
So, technically, point blank range is that distance where you don’t have to adjust your aim to factor in the effect of Earth’s gravity or other factors to hit the target precisely; at point blank range, you can simply aim your firearm at the target and strike it with 100% accuracy.
The point blank range of a firearm can be anywhere from a couple inches to a few meters, depending on the type of weapon and its projectile.
Origin of the phrase ‘point blank’
It’s not exactly clear how the phrase ‘point blank’ came to be used to refer to a very small distance (in the field of shooting and archery), but according to the most logical and convincing supposition, the phrase is derived from a French term ‘pointé à blanc’, which literally translates to ‘pointed at white’. ‘Blanc’ is the French word for ‘white’.
In the 16th century, archers used to practice by shooting arrows at targets whose centers were painted white. Thus, point blank range denoted the distance from which an archer could easily hit the white central spot at the target by simply ‘pointing’ at it.
If you can hit the target by simply pointing at it and firing, then you’re firing from point blank range. (Photo Credit : Pixabay)
According to another hypothesis, the ‘point’ in the term ‘point blank’ may have referred to the point (i.e., the tip) of the arrow that was about to be fired. If the archer could see the ‘point’ coinciding with the target, he could be sure that the target would be hit, so long as the shot was taken from ‘point blank’ range.
University Of Maine System
The short URL of the present article is: http://sciabc.us/b5SpE
Ashish is a Science graduate (Bachelor of Science) from Punjabi University (India). He spends a lot of time watching movies, and an awful lot more time discussing them. He likes Harry Potter and the Avengers, and obsesses over how thoroughly Science dictates every aspect of life… in this universe, at least.
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Tags: History
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Eric Citron Contributor
Posted Tue, July 24th, 2018 3:04 pm
Kavanaugh on net neutrality: U.S. Telecom Association v. Federal Communications Commission
Posted Tue, July 24th, 2018 3:04 pm by Eric Citron
One of the opinions from current Supreme Court nominee and D.C. Circuit Judge Brett Kavanaugh that has garnered significant attention is his 2017 dissent from the denial of rehearing en banc in the net-neutrality case, U.S. Telecom Association v. Federal Communications Commission. A majority of the full U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit declined to reconsider a panel decision upholding the FCC’s net neutrality rule, which essentially forbade internet service providers (ISPs) from discriminating in certain ways among content providers delivered through the ISPs’ networks. (The rule was subsequently repealed by the commission.) Kavanaugh’s dissent argued that the FCC was not authorized to impose its net-neutrality regulations on ISPs for two reasons: first, because the regulations constituted a “major rule” that lacked clear authorization in the statute; and second, because they would violate the ISPs’ First Amendment rights. Proponents have pointed to this decision as Kavanaugh standing up for liberty and free speech, while opponents claim that it shows his political opposition to — and perhaps imperfect understanding of — the broadly popular net-neutrality policy. A concurrence from Judges Sri Srinivasan and David Tatel (both of whom were previous Supreme Court short-listers) contained an extensive back-and-forth with Kavanaugh’s decision, and readers can look at the opinions themselves to see who they think has the best of the arguments. The more interesting point for present purposes is probably that the two arguments Kavanaugh endorsed, and the way he deployed them, lend credence to those who argue that — for better or worse — Kavanaugh will be friendly to powerful business interests on the Supreme Court, and will tend to stand in the way of efforts by the administrative state to regulate them.
Kavanaugh’s first argument was that the FCC lacked authority to impose the net neutrality rule because it is a “major rule” and the Supreme Court has recently required that major rules have clear authorization in the statutes those rules purport to carry out. In his view, the ambiguity over whether Congress intended ISPs to be regulated as common carriers (like telephone companies) or information services (like AOL or Prodigy were at the time of the 1996 law at issue) means that the FCC cannot treat them as common carriers, because it is too major a regulatory step.
As an initial matter, it’s useful to point out that the “major rules” doctrine is itself somewhat controversial. The cases that Kavanaugh cites for the doctrine are useful examples of how that doctrine would work, but those cases don’t explicitly refer to a “major rules” doctrine by name. The major rules doctrine actually looks like the opposite of the predominant administrative law doctrine (called Chevron deference), which treats statutory ambiguity as a congressional invitation to rulemaking rather than a bar on it. This isn’t to say that there’s no good argument for the major rules doctrine — it’s been endorsed by leading scholars of regulation and statutory interpretation. It’s only to say that, even in deploying it, Kavanaugh is making a choice about how to approach the interpretation of an ambiguous statute that tends to disfavor big regulatory moves.
Beyond that, it is worth observing that Kavanaugh’s invocation of the doctrine in this case shows a rather expansive view of it. This isn’t a situation in which a court is taking a statute that is clearly about one thing (say, “drugs” and medical “devices”), observing that the statutory definition is ambiguous enough to cover an arguably pretty different thing (say, tobacco and cigarettes), and then denying that Congress intended to grant an agency regulatory authority over the latter item because it wouldn’t hide that elephant in a statutory mousehole, as the Supreme Court did in 2000 in Brown & Williamson Tobacco and in 2006 in Gonzales v. Oregon. Congress plainly intended to allow the FCC to impose common carrier obligations on some class of services, and then left it unclear whether a modern ISP like Comcast or Verizon would fall within that class of services. And the Supreme Court even held in 2005 in National Cable and Telecommunications Association v. Brand X Internet Services that this was the very kind of ambiguity that Congress’ statute had empowered the FCC to resolve. Accordingly, Kavanaugh is adopting a very broad conception of the major rules doctrine, one that would essentially prohibit agencies from doing anything that seems like a really big deal unless Congress expressly called for it. That is consistent with his general criticism of existing Chevron doctrine. But it is also a move that tends to hamstring the efforts of regulators.
Again, there are arguments for and against this kind of judicial doctrine. Kavanaugh points out that net neutrality has been under active consideration in Congress, and a broad conception of the major rules doctrine forces Congress itself to answer more big policy questions. Institutionalists may well hope that insisting on that action from Congress will tend over time to reduce some of its evident dysfunction — encouraging it to do more, to seek out more bipartisan policy solutions and to be more engaged in smaller-scale policy disputes. Skeptics will note, however, that it is obviously very hard to get Congress to do anything these days, and so a broad conception of the major rules doctrine tends inevitably towards restraining government’s ability to solve problems — even the very kinds of problems seemingly addressed by an agency-empowering statute Congress already passed. Like much of his writing, Kavanaugh’s opinion is quite scholarly and certainly embraces a doctrine of American government whereby Congress does more and the agencies do less. But the upshot is a judicial doctrine that clearly favors established business interests over regulators identifying and trying to fix (what they see as) problems in the market.
Kavanaugh’s second argument in his net-neutrality dissent is very different, but it shares the same deregulatory upshot. He argues that ISPs have a First Amendment right to exert editorial control over the content they convey over the internet, and that the net neutrality rule abridges their right to free speech. Once again, this is a highly debatable proposition that turns upon a question on which smart judges can take both sides: What kind of corporate, market behavior is just “conduct” rather than expressive “speech”? And, once again, Kavanaugh’s broad conception of what constitutes constitutionally protected corporate “speech” serves to insulate far more profit-driven, corporate behavior from regulatory control.
Kavanaugh draws much of his argument from a set of decades-old Supreme Court cases about rules that governed which channels cable companies had to carry. These “must-carry” regulations were held to at least raise a First Amendment concern because they forced cable companies to convey messages with which they might not agree. Kavanaugh sees the same problem in the net neutrality regulations, but there is at least one key difference: The net neutrality rule doesn’t force anyone to carry anything. ISPs are allowed to carry only certain websites, and advertise themselves to their customers as such. Instead, the net neutrality rule largely prohibits ISPs from favoring certain content providers over others in seemingly nonexpressive ways, like taking money from some content providers to deliver their websites faster, or to make their competitors websites run worse. Whether one ultimately agrees with Kavanaugh or not, it is fair to say that the view that these are free speech regulations does not follow inevitably from the Supreme Court’s must-carry cases.
Kavanaugh is once again staking out a pretty broad take on existing doctrine that tends to disfavor government regulation. Almost everything that the government does in the sphere of market regulation impinges on what one might identify as corporate “speech.” That includes rules about marketing cigarettes to minors, rules against competitors “talking” about their prices, rules against threats and bromides regarding worker unionization, and on and on. And the issue isn’t just corporate speech: It theoretically sweeps up laws that impinge on a business-owner’s personal view that serving people of a given race or sexual orientation conveys a message they don’t want to endorse. Kavanaugh or others who fall on the free-speech side of this argument may well find ways to distinguish some of these classic content regulations from laws that they think infringe too directly on speech. But the point is that there is a line-drawing problem between corporate speech and market conduct, that judges will vary in where they draw that line, and that Kavanaugh falls relatively far toward the side of the spectrum that finds more corporate behavior to be speech and thus holds more regulations of that behavior to be unconstitutional.
Again, the upshot is that Kavanaugh endorses certain judicial doctrines that tend to favor businesses over regulators. That does not distinguish him that much from Justice Anthony Kennedy, and it is not to say that he is a reflexive friend of business for political (rather than judicial-theory) reasons. But those who worry that Kavanaugh’s judicial philosophy will stand as a barrier to government regulation of big businesses — including when it comes to policies like net neutrality — are right to feel that way. Conversely, those who celebrate that philosophy as tending to make the market and the country a freer place will find a like-minded champion on the Supreme Court.
[Disclosure: Goldstein & Russell, P.C., whose attorneys contribute to this blog in various capacities, was among the counsel for the intervenors in United States Telecom Association. The author of this post is affiliated with the firm but did not work on this case.]
Posted in Judge Kavanaugh's jurisprudence, Nomination of Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court, Featured
Recommended Citation: Eric Citron, Kavanaugh on net neutrality: U.S. Telecom Association v. Federal Communications Commission, SCOTUSblog (Jul. 24, 2018, 3:04 PM), https://www.scotusblog.com/2018/07/kavanaugh-on-net-neutrality-u-s-telecom-association-v-federal-communications-commission/
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Posted Wed, February 27th, 2019 8:42 pm
Opinion analysis: Justices hold that international organizations do not have near-complete immunity
Posted Wed, February 27th, 2019 8:42 pm by Amy Howe
The Supreme Court today ruled that, just like foreign countries, international organizations such as the World Bank can be sued in U.S. courts when they are acting as private players in the market. But although the decision was a welcome one for human-rights groups, the justices made clear that the courthouse doors may not necessarily be wide open to lawsuits against international organizations.
The defendant in the case that the justices decided today was the International Finance Corporation, which makes loans to private businesses to finance projects in developing countries. In 2008, the IFC loaned $450 million to help finance a coal-fired power plant on the western coast of India. The plant was built to meet the growing demand for power in India, but residents who live near the plant say that it was an environmental disaster: Pollution from the plant killed fish, ruined the wells that residents used for drinking water and irrigation, and contaminated nearby farmland.
Some of the residents sued the IFC in a federal court in Washington, D.C., where the organization has its headquarters. They claimed, among other things, that the IFC had violated provisions of the loan agreement that were included to protect the community surrounding the plant.
The question before the Supreme Court was whether the residents could bring their case at all or whether, as the IFC argued, the organization is immune from being sued in U.S. courts. The IFC pointed to a federal law, the International Organizations Immunities Act, that gives international organizations “the same immunity from suit” as “as is enjoyed by foreign governments.” Because foreign governments could virtually never be sued in U.S. courts when the act was passed in 1945, the IFC argued, the organization has complete immunity.
Backed by the federal government, the residents countered that under the IOIA, the IFC is only entitled to the same, more limited immunity that foreign governments currently have. In particular, under a federal law passed in 1976, the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, foreign governments can now be sued in U.S. courts for their commercial activities – such as making loans.
Today the Supreme Court agreed with the residents, reversing a decision for the IFC by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In an opinion by Chief Justice John Roberts, the court acknowledged that, when Congress passed the IOIA in 1945, foreign governments had “virtually absolute” immunity from lawsuits in U.S. courts. However, the most natural way to read the IOIA, the court explained, is as making immunity for international organizations “continuously equivalent” with immunity for foreign governments.
The court rejected the IFC’s argument that the IOIA should “not be read to tether international organization immunity to changing foreign sovereign immunity” because the two kinds of immunity serve different purposes: Immunity for foreign governments has its roots in mutual respect and reciprocity among countries, while immunity for international organizations is intended to allow them to operate without interference from the courts of member countries. “But that,” the court reasoned, “gets the inquiry backward”: “Whatever the ultimate purpose of international organization immunity may be,” “the immediate purpose of the immunity provision is expressed in language that Congress typically uses to make one thing continuously equivalent to another.”
Reading the IOIA to “tether” immunity for international organizations to foreign sovereign immunity is also consistent with a method of interpreting statutes known as the “reference” canon, the court continued. Under the reference canon, the court explained, if a statute “refers to a general subject, the statute adopts the law on that subject as it exists whenever a question under the statute arises.” In this case, the court observed, the IOIA refers to the immunity “enjoyed by foreign governments,” which “is an instruction to look up the applicable rules of foreign sovereign immunity, wherever those rules may be found.”
The court dismissed the IFC’s concerns about a “flood” of lawsuits in U.S. courts by foreign plaintiffs as “inflated.” First of all, the court noted, if an international organization truly needs near-complete immunity, its charter can say so – just as the charter of the United Nations does, for example. Moreover, the court added, it is not clear that all the loans that international organizations make would necessarily qualify as “commercial activities” for purposes of the FSIA.
And even if an international organization does engage in commercial activities, the court posited, other requirements of the FSIA will likely foreclose many lawsuits against international organizations. Among other things, when the heart of the lawsuit is an allegedly wrongful act that took place overseas, the lawsuit will not be “based upon” commercial activity, as the FSIA requires. Indeed, the court pointed out, the federal government has suggested that even the residents in this case may not be able to satisfy that requirement. So although their lawsuit can go forward for now, their ability to win on the merits is uncertain.
Justice Stephen Breyer filed a dissenting opinion in which he emphasized that, after World War II, “many in this Nation saw international cooperation through international organization as one way both to diminish the risk of conflict and to promote economic development and commercial prosperity.” In response, Breyer wrote, Congress enacted the IOIA. “Given the differences between international organizations and nation states, along with the Act’s purposes and the risk of untoward consequences, I would leave the” IOIA “where we found it—as providing for immunity in both commercial and noncommercial suits.”
Click for vote alignment by ideology.
Posted in Jam v. Int'l Finance Corp., Featured, Merits Cases
Recommended Citation: Amy Howe, Opinion analysis: Justices hold that international organizations do not have near-complete immunity, SCOTUSblog (Feb. 27, 2019, 8:42 PM), https://www.scotusblog.com/2019/02/opinion-analysis-justices-hold-that-international-organizations-do-not-have-near-complete-immunity/
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Jackie Hayes
Jackie Hayes is a screenplay writer living in Wellington, Florida. Formally from New York, born November of 1987. Having received a B.A. in English from C.W. Post, Jackie has gone onto begin a career in screenwriting. She started out as a theater major in college. Has recently had five of her screenplays optioned. "Timmy" was optioned by Kevin Dewalt of Minds Eye Pictures. "The Hanging Tree", "Loretta" and "Purgatory Rising" have all been optioned and launched by Lamont Cain of Hierarchy Pictures/Dungeon Films. Now "Wicked Torment" by Sean Patrick Burke. All works in the horror genre so far with many more on the way. Now working on new material as well as rewrites and script doctoring on other projects.
Scripts By Jackie
Sometimes the past still seeks vengence in the present.
A family’s attempt to make a fresh start for themselves, results in what they thought they were escaping, revealing itself for the horrific truth that they never could have imagined.
Feature Thriller For sale 110pp
Rapture Island
Evil loves to disguise itself, especially in the innocent.
Feature Horror For sale 113pp
Trapped, cut off, and mercilessly hunted by both mother nature and the dead.
Wicked Torment
Rachel tries to retain her grip on reality as she is endlessly pursued by a malevolent presence in her house, unsure of what is real and what is in her head.
Feature Horror Under Option 98pp
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Security Officer, Lynn Belliveau, Receives ASIS International "Security Officer of the Year" Award
Security Officer Receives ASIS International "Security Officer of the Year" Award
Securitas Security Services USA is pleased to announce that one of its security officers, Lynn Belliveau of Manchester, NH, was presented with the Ralph Day Security Officer of the Year Award at a ceremony during ASIS 2014 in Atlanta on September 28, 2014.
The Award, presented by the Security Services Council of ASIS International, recognizes a front line security officer who has performed in a heroic manner in the course of his or her duties and, in doing so, exceeds the expectations of their position and training. While on duty at a client’s campus site, Belliveau’s quick and decisive actions and calm demeanor helped to prevent a student from taking her own life.
James Taff, CPP, chairman of the Security Services Council commented, “The Ralph Day Award was created to recognize the incredible acts of heroism within the security industry. While all the nominations we received this year were a tribute to our profession, the actions taken by Lynn during a critical time is most deserving of this great award. We thank Lynn for her dedication and service.”
In addition to Belliveau’s award, others from Securitas USA who received Honorable Mention awards are: William Allen, Brooklyn, NY; David Cashion, Cleburne, TX; Sarrah Marshall & Denise Pearo of Tulsa, OK. Rocco DeFelice, CPP, Executive Vice President of Securitas USA, added, “We are very proud of all of these officers who continuously strive for excellence and exhibit the Securitas core values of Helpfulness, Integrity and Vigilance. Congratulations to all.”
The Ralph Day Award honors a lifetime ASIS member, Ralph D. Day, CPP, who began his career in security in the early 1960’s. Now, Day is a widely recognized litigation consultant and writer and has held many leadership positions in ASIS International.
Knowledge Center >
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https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Oakland-rescinds-agreement-with-federal-11298399.php
Oakland rescinds agreement with federal immigration officials
Updated 10:48 pm PDT, Tuesday, July 18, 2017
Deputy Chief Danielle Outlaw, shown in 2016, told a city public safety committee that active investigations into sex and labor trafficking would be jeopardized by rescinding the agreement with Homeland Security Investigations. less
Deputy Chief Danielle Outlaw, shown in 2016, told a city public safety committee that active investigations into sex and labor trafficking would be jeopardized by rescinding the agreement with Homeland Security ... more
Photo: Carlos Avila Gonzalez, The Chronicle
The Oakland Police Department can no longer designate its investigators as U.S. customs enforcement officers — a classification that allows local police agencies to work with federal immigration officials on cases of human trafficking, narcotics smuggling and other cross-border crimes.
Citing concerns over data sharing and heightened fear of deportations, the Oakland City Council on Tuesday unanimously rescinded an agreement with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement signed last summer by former Police Chief Sean Whent, hours before he resigned amid questions over his handling of a sexual misconduct scandal.
But whether the memorandum of understanding with the criminal investigations arm of ICE was ever actually put to use in Oakland — and the consequences of revoking it — remains in dispute, even within the Police Department.
A report issued by Chief Anne Kirkpatrick in May showed that the only recent involvement her department had with an ICE operation was in October, when two officers were asked to provide cover while federal agents served a search warrant. But last week, Deputy Chief Danielle Outlaw told a city public safety committee that active investigations into sex and labor trafficking would be jeopardized by rescinding the agreement with Homeland Security Investigations.
The work with Homeland Security “allows us to have that federal arm and to have that transnational piece that we just as a local municipal agency do not have access to,” Outlaw said as she advocated for keeping the arrangement.
A police spokesman said Outlaw wasn’t available to answer questions Tuesday, and other interview requests made to police and city officials were not returned.
Oakland’s Privacy Advisory Commission, which pushed for the agreement to be rescinded on the basis that police data could be shared with federal agencies, asked the Police Department for a list of officers who participated in the ICE program and was told no one had actually done it yet, according to Brian Hofer, who chairs the commission.
San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego and San Mateo counties have similar versions of the agreement, which lets local law enforcement investigators be “deputized” as Homeland Security Investigations “task force officers.” The arrangement is limited to solving crimes and doesn’t cover cases of immigration law.
“Even though it might not be immigration-enforcement-related, it’s still this guilt-by-association chilling effect we’re seeing,” Hofer said, referencing comments from the Los Angeles police chief, who said in March that reports of sexual assault and domestic violence by Latino residents had sharply decreased amid fears of deportation. “We see this as a public safety threat. It’s causing confusion and trauma in the community.”
The two halves of ICE — immigration enforcement and criminal investigations — can sometimes cross paths, as they did in Santa Cruz earlier this year, when federal agents working with county sheriff’s deputies conducted a sting against suspected members of the notorious MS-13 gang. Swept up in the arrests were people whose only offense was being in the country without legal permission.
Also Tuesday, the Oakland City Council unanimously passed an ordinance that increases oversight and public engagement in surveillance-related agreements between the city and federal agencies.
Kimberly Veklerov is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Email: kveklerov@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @kveklerov
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"SAGlobal has worked with Microsoft Dynamics 365 for many years, understands
the opportunities and pitfalls of ERP implementations, and helped
us see the best way to get through our implementation.”
Eric Reading, Executive Vice President, Chemonics
SAGlobal has worked with Microsoft Dynamics 365 for many years, understands the opportunities and pitfalls of ERP implementations, and helped us see the best way to get through our implementation.
"We look at Dynamics AX as a solid platform for us to move the company forward, to streamline
business practices and stay on top of changing industry-driven standards
for product traceability and food safety
Barbara Rodgers, Director of Information Technology, The Nunes Company
"We look at Dynamics AX as a solid platform for us to move the company forward..., to streamline business practices and stay on top of changing industry-driven standards for product traceability and food safety
Case Study: SAGlobal Improves Global Visibility with the New Microsoft Dynamics 365 ERP Solution
The new Microsoft Dynamics 365 is a native cloud-based application that was developed to run as a service on the Microsoft Azure cloud platform. This means that SAGlobal did not need to purchase or manage any hardware or network infrastructure, which helps to reduce IT overhead and expenses. And because the new cloud-based Dynamics 365 utilizes a cross-platform HTML5 web browser interface, the application is easily accessible by SAGlobal’s distributed global workforce for key processes such as time and expense entry and approvals.
SAGlobal also leveraged Microsoft’s cloud-based Lifecycle Services (LCS) tool to assist with the deployment and management of Microsoft Dynamics 365. LCS is an Azure-based application lifecycle management suite that provides a number of valuable implementation, deployment and support tools. These tools help to deliver predictable, high-quality implementations of Dynamics 365.
Established in 1990, SAGlobal provides a complete set of Microsoft Dynamics 365 and CRM software evaluation, implementation, and support services. Over the years, SAGlobal has grown to become one of the largest global Microsoft Dynamics consultancies in the world, with approximately 500 employees across the Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East.
Business Situation
SAGlobal had historically followed a de-centralized IT strategy, with many of its countries and regions being responsible for their local business applications. However, as SAGlobal continued to expand their global footprint, the volume of multinational client projects increased significantly. These multinational projects introduced a new level of complexity in terms of managing inter-company transfer pricing rules and billing relationships and other global project management and accounting functions.
In addition, as SAGlobal experienced rapid growth and demand for their services, it became imperative to leverage their global pool of resources. This required new levels of visibility into the capabilities and availability of their broader pool of resources.
“As our business continued to grow and evolve, it became more critical that we move toward an integrated global ERP platform”, explained Brian Lounds, Group CFO for SAGlobal. “We needed a common platform that could help our teams better collaborate, help us streamline key project and resource related processes, and improve visibility across our global business.”
To address these challenges, SAGlobal selected the new Microsoft Dynamics 365 as their global ERP platform. Microsoft Dynamics 365 offers a Service Industries solution that is specifically designed to meet the needs of professional services organizations like SAGlobal, helping them to manage their projects, resources, finances, and clients all in a single web based application.
After participating in Microsoft’s early adopter (TAP) program, SAGlobal went “live” on the new Microsoft Dynamics 365 in January of 2016. Dynamics 365 now serves as the organization’s primary project management and accounting platform for hundreds of users across the US, EMEA, India, and Asia.
Up in the Cloud
SAGlobal Project Timesheets Solution
Through the implementation of Microsoft Dynamics 365, SAGlobal has realized the following benefits:
Streamlined key project-related business processes such as time and expense management and billing.
Enhanced inter-company processes to improve the delivery of multi-national client projects.
Optimized resource planning and utilization through better visibility of their global resource pool.
Reduced IT costs by consolidating many disparate applications and systems onto a single cloud-based platform.
"The new Microsoft Dynamics 365 has really helped us improve our visibility across our global operations”, Lounds explained. “We now have much better controls in place throughout our global business, and have been able to standardize key processes around the world. In the end, this will help us drive efficiencies throughout our business, and empower our team to more effectively deliver our projects and to better serve our clients.”
About Microsoft Dynamics 365
With over 22,000 organizations using it to manage their day-to-day operations, Microsoft Dynamics 365 is Microsoft’s flagship global Enterprise Resource Planning software system. Designed to work like and work with the broader Microsoft technology stack, Microsoft Dynamics 365 provides industry-focused solutions for six key industries, and offers comprehensive functionality that spans Financial Management, Project Management & Accounting, Supply Chain Management, Customer Relationship Management, and Human Capital Management.
SAGlobal Profile
SAGlobal is the leading global provider of Microsoft’s Dynamics 365 ERP and CRM solutions and services to professional services organizations and other project-based businesses around the world.
SAGlobal required a consolidated global ERP platform in order to better integrate global project management and resourcing processes and to improve visibility across their global business.
Integrate global operations onto a common ERP platform.
Improve real-time visibility across the global business.
Streamline inter-company project management and resourcing processes.
Reduce IT costs and overhead.
Project Accounting, Project Management, Resourcing, Time & Expense, Financials.
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September 2018 Featured Interview
Alissa Parker & Michele Gay
Founders of Safe and Sound Schools
Alissa Parker (left) & Michele Gay
(Photo Credit: Safe and Sound Schools)
About Alissa:
Alissa Parker is the mother of Emilie Parker, one of the 20 children who died tragically in the Sandy Hook School Shootings on December 14, 2012. In the wake of the tragedy, Alissa was moved to engage parents in securing the safety of their children’s school by becoming an active member of the Newtown Public Schools’ Safety Committee. Now, Alissa is a nationally-recognized advocate for school safety. She speaks at educational leadership events and appears on top news sources across the U.S.
Alissa graduated from Weber State University in her hometown of Ogden, Utah. She is a co-founder of Safe and Sound Schools. She also co-founded The Emilie Parker Art Connection, which gives to art programs for kids across the country. She is the author of the book, An Unseen Angel, a memoir of faith, hope and healing. Alissa brings a powerful perspective and passion to Safe and Sound Schools. She is devoted to creating a legacy of safety for our nation’s children in honor of her beloved Emilie.
About Michele:
Michele Gay is a mother, former teacher, and one of the founders of Safe and Sound Schools. After losing her daughter, Josephine Grace, on December 14, 2012, she chose to take action as an advocate for improved security and safety in our nation’s schools. Michele’s background as a teacher and involved parent, along with her personal loss and post-tragedy perspective, uniquely position her to help school communities prevent, prepare, respond and recover in the event of an emergency in their own schools. A nationally-recognized expert on school safety, Michele has shared her story and comprehensive school safety approach with educational leaders, public safety leaders, federal government officials, school communities, and top news media sources.
Michele holds a Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education from Towson University and a master’s degree in curriculum and instruction from McDaniel College. She taught at the elementary level in Maryland and Virginia public schools before staying home to raise her three daughters and advocate for the special needs of her youngest daughter, Josephine. Michele is dedicated to honoring Josephine in her work to make schools in our country more safe and secure.
About Safe and Sound Schools:
Safe and Sound Schools is a nonprofit organization founded by mothers who lost their children during the tragic shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School. It is dedicated to providing parents and school communities the tools and resources necessary to ensure school safety. The mission of Safe and Sound Schools is to support school crisis prevention, response, and recovery, and to protect every school and every student, every day. "We have always - and only - focused on school safety. We are firm in our mission and firm in our resolve, and we will continue to provide research-based education, tools, and resources to ensure the safest possible learning environment for the youth of our nation."
Nancy Burger, senior editor, spoke with Michele and Alissa about their friendship, their shared mission and vision, and the impact they have seen their work have in the community.
Were you two friends before you created Safe and Sound Schools?
A: I did not know Michele beforehand, but my daughter Emilie knew her daughter Joey (Josephine) - they were really good friends in school. Joey was apraxic (she couldn’t speak), and Emilie just adored her. They would communicate the way they could, through notes and mimicking, and Emilie would come home and talk about Joey constantly. Joey's birthday was the week of the shooting, and her birthday party was supposed to be the day after the shooting (December 15th, 2012). Emilie was invited to the party.
I was new to the community and didn't know anyone, didn't have anyone's phone number or anyone to connect to. When the shooting happened, and I learned that Joey was one of the victims, I grabbed the birthday party invitation and I called Michele. We immediately connected and were very in line with each other. We're both pretty religious, and we connected on that level, in talking about our children and what they were going through. One of the first things I remember saying to her was, "I'm so sorry, Joey's birthday party was supposed to be today, and I'm so sorry for you." She said, "You know, they are having the most amazing birthday party in heaven." And that really blew me away in that moment. I was so in shock and angry and frustrated, and she kind of jolted me with that comment and put this whole different spin on what had just happened. We became sisters through all of this. We would have calls and talk about the things we learned from the shooting - we had this common line of thought every time that centered around school safety. That's where the passion blossomed and ultimately led us to want to do something together.
M: We officially started Safe and Sound Schools six months after the tragedy, but Alissa and I came together because of our girls' friendship and bond. The two of us were hungry for treasured memories and stories. I was dying to hear the things Emilie would say about Joey. We were coming together to heal, but naturally a lot of our conversations were about surviving and about things that were concerning us. The big one was: ‘Are you going to send your kids back to school? ‘I think that's what started these conversations, about how there had to be a better way to do this, how our pain had to be put to purpose. I think that - in and of itself - helped us move forward and build what we have now.
I lived in Sandy Hook for eight years and still spend a lot of time there. I have always been touched by the many “Choose Love” signs displayed around town. Your collective mission, born out of tragedy, seems very aligned with that positive message. How have you both been able to focus on empowerment and positive change in the wake of such devastation?
A: One of the things we both have said is that this mission really chose Michele and me. Even though it was all new to us, and we have had a huge learning curve, we feel like it flowed naturally. We felt like we were being called to do this.
M: The “Choose Love” signs are part of one of our other very dear family members, Scarlett Lewis, who lost her son Jesse. We're very close and support each other in our missions to work toward school safety.
Safe and Sound Schools seems to be built on a solid foundation of support in the way of experts, advisors and sponsors. How has it grown over the years, and do you feel that communities are taking advantage of what you have to offer?
M: Alissa and I came together with a calling because someone needed to speak up about the practical things, about what was needed for school safety. We started reaching out to experts in all aspects of school safety, security, and mental health. We really wanted to bring it all together. But I was nervous reaching out to law enforcement people and security professionals because this was all new to me, but the response was amazing. We had no idea how others perceived us at that point and time. They opened up their life's work, their experience, and helped guide us in assembling our first real product, our Straight A Safety Tool Kit.
We wanted to get some resources for community members to wrap their arms around. It was a perfect marriage for us because we were just stepping into this world, but we have colleagues who have been doing this for decades. We're the bridge to bring that expert knowledge to the average mom, student, teacher or community member. It was oddly immediate. We just asked, and they said, 'We get it. We love what you're doing.' They loved that it wasn't political, that there was no blaming or finger-pointing. It's just about getting good information and best practices to the people who need it.
Michele (center) & Alissa (right) discuss school safety.
The FAQ section of the website includes some very provocative questions regarding issues such as gun control, armed security officers in schools and other sensitive subjects. What comes through clearly is that this organization is non-partisan and focuses on the unique needs of different schools. Do you find it difficult to maintain a neutral position?
M: From early on, both of us were very aligned in our values and our faith. That enabled us to come pretty quickly to how we wanted to move forward and how we didn't want to move forward. It was immediate - how our tragedy was politicized and how quickly finger-pointing started. There was some power grabbing and an uglier side of tragedy that we were being exposed to, but we wanted to be guided by our girls and choose the best way to honor them. I think we saw that together, and we also knew we wanted to do something very different from some of the other things that were coming out of our tragedy.
A: I think our approach also opened a lot of doors for us and widened our audience because anyone could listen to our message and anyone could join our cause. That was very important to us from the beginning, that what we were saying should be something anyone could get on board with. We wanted to ensure that everyone knew that.
Both Alissa (left) & Michele (right) speak at school communities across the U.S.
Are you both doing a lot of speaking engagements around the country?
A: It's crazy. Yes, Michele and I both are speaking quite a bit. We try to divide and conquer as much as possible, but we're all over the place. I'm in Washington State, and Michele is literally across the country from me. We rarely get to see each other, but we speak often. One of things that is so unique about my relationship with Michele is that our families are such a high priority for both of us. When we were grieving together, we developed this kind of system where, when one of us was struggling and needed some time, the other one would take the reigns for a little bit. Because we had that understanding and appreciation for what the other one was going through, we have a really unique relationship. I would never have been able to do this with anyone else.
M: Alissa and I are both in this full on. As challenging as it is, the culture of our organization is that the work day kind of folds into our family lives as well. So, it isn't a nine-to-five job - it’s a job that is happening all day long, but we tend to our families and also tend to this labor of love.
Do you feel like you’re making a difference?
M: I do. As humble as the two of us like to be, our incredible team and these school communities across the country are constantly sharing with us about their successes and reaching out to us for more. Because of that and because of the demand, I feel a lot of forward motion.
A: We've seen all the things we've been saying from the get-go about changing the status quo become common, and there's a new status quo. To me, that is the victory. We have raised the bar and created a new standard, and that signifies to me that what we're doing is not in vain, that these schools are paying attention and changing their expectations and understanding of what they need to do to make sure their kids are safe.
Has this work been healing for you? Does the fact that you're doing it together make it more so?
M: I would agree. I never would have done this without Alissa. I just felt a kind of strength from talking with her and planning with her that I would never have had on my own. But the way that we've grown together has been a huge part of the healing process for me.
A: Yes, absolutely.
What do you think are some of the biggest impediments we face on the path toward safer schools for our children?
A: I would say just getting people's attention to talk about it and prioritize it. I wish that the mainstream media paid more attention to actual solutions that have shown through time to be effective. Instead of being divisive, we need to come together and do things that are productive.
M: I agree. I think there are always going to be barriers to change and, while we've seen enormous cultural change in terms of school safety and the level of conversation around the country, there are plenty of places that are still in that "not here" mentality. There are a lot of roadblocks because people think they'll instill fear by starting the conversation, or they don't have time or money to start the process. Those are all solvable problems, but the only way to make any headway against those barriers is to do it collaboratively. I think that's something unique that we bring to the table, inspired by our girls. They were really gifted at bringing people together. They were little lights in the world, and I think that shines through in what we do. We bring people to the table to have difficult conversations.
Where’s your sanctuary (this is something we ask every interview. It could be a person, place, hobby, passion, dream, etc.)?
M: For me, faith is at the center of it all. Faith and my family are the center of every bit of sanctuary I have in this world, for sure.
A: I would say the same. I fill up my tank when I'm with my family. My only addition would be while I'm out running by myself - that's my little sanctuary. I can be alone in my thoughts and check in with myself and see how my self-care is going in order to be the best mom I can be.
Safe and Sound Schools Website
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Gun Violence as a Public Health Issue | WBUR Morning Edition
In light of the seemingly endless news of mass shootings in public places in the U.S., some say what's missing in the conversation is talking about gun violence as a public health issue.
To discuss further, Dr. Sandro Galea, dean of the Boston University School of Public Health, joined Morning Edition.
View Morning Edition.
An apple a day... | How to Change the World
When you think of health, what do you picture? A hospital? A doctor? This week on How to Change the World we're out to change your perception on what it really means to be "healthy".
We sit down with Dr. Sandro Galea, dean and professor at the Boston University School of Public Health, to talk about what it means to be healthy. Dr. Galea, one of Time Magazine's top scientific minds, brings together the social, economic and environmental conditions that lead to health in our conversation and in his new book Well: What we need to talk about when we talk about health.
View How to Change the World here.
“A Practical Philosophy of Health" | Park Street Lecture Series at Boston College
Interdisciplinary Association for Population Health Science
ASTHO 2018 Annual Meeting
2018 UCSF Population Health Colloquium | Keynote Address
Part 1: Guns, Obesity, and Opioids: A Population Health Science Approach to Contemporary Concerns- Presented by: Sandro Galea, MD, MPH, DrPH Dean, Boston University School of Public Health Co-Sponsored by the UCSF Executive Vice Chancellor & the UCSF School of Medicine
LIVE Q&A with Dean Sandro Galea at Facebook HQ
Epidemiology Counts: On Causes, Consequences, and Healthy Populations | Harvard University Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study
Dean's Address: What is Public Health? | Boston University School of Public Health
How We Can Live Healthier Lives By Spending Less on Medicine | Fortune
It’s safe to say that no one will live forever. And yet many of us are always on the lookout for anything that will stave off death just a little bit longer, while Silicon Valley talks about the potential for new technologies to “cure” aging. That’s according to Dr. Sandro Galea, the Robert A. Knox Professor and Dean of Boston University’s School of Public Health.
Read full article and view video on Fortune.
Towards Healthier Aging Populations in Cities: The Next 50 Years | Asia Society Hong Kong Center
In this presentation at Asia Society Hong Kong Center, Boston University's public health expert, Dr. Sandro Galea, talks about how to create a sustainable and wired city that promotes health in its residents.
Special Address at 2016 Rosalynn Carter Symposium on Mental Health Policy | The Carter Center
Does context matter in an era of personalized medicine? | TEDMED Day CUMC
Dr. Sandro Galea emphasizes the importance of context in biomedicine. He discusses the need to differentiate between what drives a population and what predicts an individual outcome. He utilizes Mario Balotelli, the Framingham study, and a study comparing fast food, activity level, and genetic
Rebounding after trauma | POPTECH 2012
Sandro Galea is a doctor and epidemiologist who has researched the role of traumatic events in shaping population health; particularly the health of urban populations. "Ninety percent of people in this country will have a traumatic event in their lifetime."
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Education programs: New ways to become a complexity scholar
SFI is offering several new education outreach programs in 2011 and making changes to its education programs designed to increase their value and sustainability, says Ginger Richardson, VP for Education and Institutional Outreach.
This summer SFI’s signature school for graduate students and postdocs, the 25th Complex Systems Summer School (June 8-July 1 in Santa Fe), will be coordinated and taught by the Institute’s resident faculty; past years have relied more heavily on guest instructors.
“We are drawing on the wealth of resources at SFI to make the curriculum more integral to the research the Institute is doing,” she says.
To maintain the popular program on a cost- neutral basis to SFI, participants will pay tuition for the first time in 2011. At least one- third of those accepted will be selected to receive scholarships, based on individual need and merit.
SFI also is expanding its summer programs for high school students by partnering with the Groton School in Groton, Massachusetts. The new Summer Complexity and Modeling Program (July 9-23 in Groton) will introduce high school students, from the Santa Fe area and from national and international applicant pools, to complexity science.
Another new program, GUTS y Girls, is being offered for New Mexico middle school girls (see article at right).
A new summer workshop for high school teachers, offered in partnership with George Mason University, will explore the latest theories on the origins of life. Located on the GMU campus
in Fairfax, Virginia, “Origins of Life: From Geochemistry to the Genetic Code” (June 21-July 3) will be taught by faculty from a consortium of educational institutions including SFI.
Professionals, academics, postdocs, and students are invited to attend “Exploring Complexity in Science and Technology from a Santa Fe Institute Perspective,” directed by SFI External Professor Melanie Mitchell. Her next two-and-a-half-day course May 23-25 at the University of New Mexico includes lectures and hands-on demonstrations and requires no background in mathematics or science.
“Constantly scaling our programs by way of new formats, new venues, and new audiences is all about building a sustainable educational pipeline for today’s and tomorrow’s complexity scholars,” adds Ginger.
Tuition fees vary; visit www.santafe.edu/ education for more information
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Home » Crime » Louisiana » Monroe » News » Police » Lying about flood damage to get FEMA money lands a North Louisiana man in federal prison for 6 years
Lying about flood damage to get FEMA money lands a North Louisiana man in federal prison for 6 years
Don't lie about damage to your property to obtain federal money, because you might end up with a long federal prison sentence.
A New Orleans, Louisiana, resident was sentenced Wednesday to 71 months in prison and five years of supervised release for fraudulently obtaining disaster-assistance benefits from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) following severe flooding in Monroe, Louisiana.
Chad Lightfoot, 47, was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Terry A. Doughty, who presided over the trial in this case. Judge Doughty also ordered the defendant to pay $23,684.71 in restitution to FEMA and a $10,000 fine. Lightfoot was convicted on March 14, 2019, after a four-day trial.
Evidence presented at trial showed that, after a federal disaster was declared on March 13, 2016 following severe flooding in Monroe, Louisiana, Lightfoot applied for disaster grant assistance with FEMA for damage to property he owned on South Fourth Street in Monroe.
Lightfoot listed the property as his primary residence, when in reality, the property was abandoned and unoccupied and he lived in the New Orleans area.
Prior to the property’s inspection by FEMA on March 30, 2016, Lightfoot obtained a Louisiana Identification Card to appear as though he lived there.
He also submitted a fraudulent bill to FEMA from Cox Communications to establish proof of occupancy. A Cox representative testified at trial that Cox does not provide services in Monroe.
As a result of his fraudulent claims, FEMA sent Lightfoot $23,684.71 for home repairs, rental
assistance, and personal property. Lightfoot also submitted two appeals to FEMA, which included $115,669 and $122,500 in repair estimates.
The Department of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General, conducted the investigation in conjunction with the office of United States Attorney David C. Joseph. Assistant U.S. Attorney Tennille M. Gilreath and Supervisory Assistant U.S. Attorney Allison D. Bushnell prosecuted the case.
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'Que Sera Sera'- Legendary Hollywood actress and singer Doris Day, dies at 97
Last Updated: Tue, Jun 25, 2019 23:51 hrs
[U.S.A], May 13 (ANI): Hollywood legend Doris Day, whose career as a singer and actress stretched over half a century, has died at the age of 97.
The singer turned actress famed for her 1956 box office hit 'Que Sera, Sera' (Whatever Will Be, Will Be) had starred in films 'Pillow Talk', 'Calamity Jane' and
Day was Hollywood's quintessential 'girl next door,' with a sometimes sophisticated edge. Her co-actors included Rock Hudson, Cary Grant, David Niven, Rex Harrison and James Garner.
In a statement, the Doris Day Animal Foundation said she died early Monday at her Carmel Valley home in California.
It said she "had been in excellent physical health for her age, until recently contracting a serious case of pneumonia," Fox News reported.
"She was surrounded by close friends," the statement added.
Her velvety voice, wholesome blond looks and ultra-bright smile brought Day a string of hits, first on records and later in Hollywood. With her film dramas, musicals and innocent sex comedies, Day soon became America's box-office sweetheart of the 1950s and 1960s.
Born Doris Mary Ann von Kappelhoff on April 3, 1922, in Cincinnati, she was named in honour of Doris Kenyon, a silent screen star.
Day married four times and had a child before she was 20, CNN reported.
She described her first husband as a "psychopathic sadist" who beat her. Her second husband told her by letter that he was leaving her after eight months. Husband No. 3 was agent Martin Melcher, who mismanaged her fortune and left her in debt when he died. Her fourth, restaurateur Barry Comden, complained to the press that she kicked him out of bed for her pets.
Among her other well-known songs were 'Secret Love' and 'Everybody Loves a Lover.'
Among her most popular films were three romantic comedies she did with Rock Hudson: 'Pillow Talk' 1959, which brought her an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress, 'Lover Come Back' 1961 and "Send Me No Flowers" (1964).
She also starred in several beloved musicals, including 1953's 'Calamity Jane' and 1957's 'The Pajama Game' as well as comedies like 1960's 'Please Don't Eat the Daisies' and the drama 'Midnight Lace,' also from 1960.
Her last film, 'With Six You Get Eggroll,' was released in 1968.
The 'Girl Next Door' actor has also worked with various bandleaders, including Les Brown, and by early 1945 had released her first hit recording 'Sentimental Journey.'
She married four times to trombonist Al Jorden, saxophonist George Weidler, her manager Martin Melcher and restaurant maitre d' Barry Comden.
Day had one child, Terry Melcher, whose biological father was Jorden but who was adopted by Melcher.
Terry Melcher died in 2004 of melanoma. When Martin Melcher died, Day discovered he and his business partner had decimated her earnings and left her deeply in debt. (ANI)
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Cheshire East tops Vibrant Economy Index for the North West
A new report has placed Cheshire East as the top performing area in the North West for ‘economic wellbeing’.
The Vibrant Economy Index also placed Cheshire East highly in the overall national picture as one of the best performing areas outside the South East.
The index has been developed by consultants Grant Thornton as a new way of measuring economic wellbeing, against a backdrop of growing economic and social uncertainty following the Brexit referendum.
The Vibrant Economy Index is based on a ‘basket’ of national statistics broken down into six broad categories of: prosperity; dynamism and opportunity; inclusion and equality; health, wellbeing and happiness; resilience and sustainability; and community, trust and belonging.
Across all but one of the categories, Cheshire East scored either first or second, to gain the top place across the North West and provide fresh insight into a broad range of factors, including skills, educational attainment, health and earnings – alongside more traditional factors such as economic growth and employment rates.
Councillor Don Stockton, Cheshire East Council cabinet member for environment, said: “I am delighted that Cheshire East has been rated as the most vibrant economy in the North West. It is further recognition of our many strengths and comes hot on the heels of other successes, such as the Halifax Quality of Life survey, which previously also ranked us as the best in the North West.”
Councillor George Hayes, chairman of the council’s arms-length Skills and Growth Company, said: “This is great news on many counts – but especially from the perspective of attracting further inward investment, by providing independent assessment of the many benefits we can offer new businesses moving into the borough.”
Rob Turner, director insights and analytics for Grant Thornton, said: “We believe a vibrant economy is one that goes beyond financial returns and takes into account the wellbeing of society and everybody’s ability to thrive.
“With this purpose – and input from the Vibrant Economy Commission – we sought a new way to measure the success of the economy. Our Vibrant Economy Index not only considers prosperity but also dynamism and opportunity; inclusion and equality; health, wellbeing and happiness; resilience and sustainability; and community, trust and belonging.”
The council’s inward investment service is managed by the arms-length Skills and Growth Company. For more facts about Cheshire East see the Skills and Growth website
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Home » Meeting Planning » 6 Winning Sports and Music Halls of Fame
6 Winning Sports and Music Halls of Fame
By Paige Feigenbaum on May 21, 2018
There’s no doubt that stories of champion athletes and famous musicians can be motivational. Their tales of perseverance and striving to overcome obstacles to reach the peak of their profession can resonate with anyone working to succeed in a career. At these venues, meeting-goers can get inspired by exhibits and collectibles that pay tribute to legendary hall of famers.
National Baseball Hall of Fame & Museum
Photo Credit: National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
Hit your event out of the ballpark by incorporating a visit to National Baseball Hall of Fame & Museum into a Cooperstown, New York, meeting. The newly renovated, 189-seat Grandstand Theater reopens on May 25. Meeting professionals can hire one of the inductees to speak at a meeting held at The Otesaga Resort Hotel or play a round of golf at Leatherstocking Golf Course. The hotel offers 132 guest rooms and 13,000 sq. ft. of meeting space. They offer a special Baseball VIP Experience Package, which gives guests entrance to a welcome reception, a behind-the-scenes tour and admission to a catered event at the museum.
Events held at Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts, are sure to be a slam dunk. The hardwood transforms into a magnificent ballroom, accented by a domed roof and balcony. Event space totals more than 80,000 sq. ft. throughout the building, including a 200-seat amphitheater. Team-building activities are also offered. The much-anticipated MGM Springfield opens later this year with 250 guest rooms and 44,000 sq. ft. of meeting space.
College Football Hall of Fame
Attendees will be doing their best touchdown dances in the end zone at College Football Hall of Fame in Atlanta. Your draft picks will feel like the MVPs that they are as they explore the exhibits. The Quad, which has a three-story interactive wall of helmets as its focal point, can accommodate up to 600 guests for a reception in the 8,133 square-foot space. Tailgate on the 45-yard indoor field. This is the facility’s largest venue, at 13,280 sq. ft., and can fit 1,330 people. Go over your plays and give your team a pep talk in the 150-seat Game Day Theater. The exquisite Hall of Fame Rotunda offers views of Atlanta’s skyline and 3,627 sq. ft. of event space for up to 300 guests. Omni Hotel at CNN Center is the official partner hotel. Meeting professionals will find 1,059 guest rooms and 120,000 sq. ft. of meeting space there.
Court guests at Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island. Its 2,000-square-foot Horseshoe Piazza forms a semicircle around the museum’s signature grass court, where guests can be entertained by an old-fashioned tennis exhibition by players dressed in throwback court attire. Attendees will enjoy the essence of Wimbledon. Additional meeting space is available in the USTA Wing and The Canfield House. The area has four convention hotels—Newport Marriott, Gurney’s Newport Resort & Marina, The Newport Harbor Hotel and Marina and Hotel Viking—offering more than 900 guest rooms and 70,000 sq. ft. of combined meeting space.
Party like a rock star all day long in Cleveland at Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. During a buyout, groups of up to 2,000 people can enjoy access to the museum’s seven floors of exhibits, plus its outdoor plaza. There are also options for smaller meetings. Hall of Fame annex can fit 40 guests for a meeting amid induction footage and in-memoriam tributes. Foster Theater is a great space for presentations and lectures; it can accommodate 163 people. Level O, which fits up to 150 guests for a reception, overlooks Lake Erie, FirstEnergy Stadium and Steamship William G. Mather. The Arcade is a small hospitality suite with a pinball machine for up to 10 people.
Rock & Roll Hall of Fame can create custom-themed scavenger hunts for team-building and provides meetings with badges on a custom lanyard, so guests feel like they have an all-access pass to a concert. The Hilton Cleveland Downtown provides planners with 600 guest rooms and more than 50,000 sq. ft. of meeting space. The hotel is connected to Huntington Convention Center of Cleveland.
Country Music Hall of Fame
Grab a partner and do-si-do at Country Music Hall of Fame in Nashville. The museum has a wide range of event spaces ranging in size from a 758-square-foot private dining room to an 11,000-square-foot glass-enclosed conservatory. There’s also a massive event hall with capacity for 1,200 guests. If your meeting includes a performance or presentation, Country Music Hall of Fame has two theaters. Buyouts of the entire place are also available. Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center has 2,715 guest rooms and 757,478 sq. ft. of meeting space.
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Depression common among doctors
August 31, 2010 — 1.32pm
Depression and anxiety among doctors is common, with suicide rates above the national average, a doctors' mental forum has been told.
Research carried out by the national depression initiative beyondblue found that many doctors and medical students who suffered depression and anxiety ignored their condition.
The former president of the Australian Medical Association Dr Mukesh Haikerwal says it's important that doctors seek help in the same way that the general population seeks help.
"The key concern is that the medical profession doesn't seek help for various and many reasons and it's very important that they do," Dr Haikerwal told the Melbourne forum, which was organised by beyondblue.
"The downside of all this, apart from having people who are very ill with depression, is that they can take their own lives.
"We see a greater rate of suicide in the medical profession, much more amongst women in the profession, and we don't need to get to that stage, we need to get help early and treat it.
"We would want our patients to seek help when they have these problems and nip things in the bud early and it's just the same for the medical guys."
beyondblue chairman Jeff Kennett said the public should be encouraged that the review has been carried out and steps are being taken to improve the health of the profession.
He said doctors needed to make sure they were healthy before taking care of the health of their patients.
"There's not much point putting so much pressure on our doctors that we expect them to be there 24/7 if the result of that is they become ill, that they become depressed, that their professional level of service drops," Mr Kennett said.
"We need to have a fit medical profession and we're a long way from doing that."
He said the suicide amongst female doctors was more than twice the national average.
The forum heard that doctors were reluctant to admit their problems because of a number of factors, including concerns about being stigmatised, their standing with patients and peers plus the potential impact on their careers.
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Data set: American Community Survey 2012 (3-Year Estimates) (ACS2012_3yr)
Table: B08113. Means of Transportation to Work by Language Spoken At Home and Ability to Speak English [56]
Universe: Universe: Workers 16 years and Over
B08113. Means of Transportation to Work by Language Spoken At Home and Ability to Speak English
B08113001Universe: Workers 16 years and Over
B08113009 Car, Truck, or Van - Drove Alone
Workers 16 Years and Over (ACS2012_3yr:B08113001)
Excerpt from: Social Explorer; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey 2012 3yr Summary File: Technical Documentation.
ACS 2012-3yr Summary File: Technical Documentation -> Appendix A: Supplemental Documentation -> 2010-2012 Subject Definitions -> Population Variables -> Journey to Work -> Means of Transportation to Work
Means of Transportation to Work
The data on means of transportation to work were derived from answers to Question 31 in 2012 American Community Survey, which was asked of people who indicated in 2012 ACS Question 29 that they worked at some time during the reference week. (See "Reference Week.") Means of transportation to work refers to the principal mode of travel or type of conveyance that the worker usually used to get from home to work during the reference week.
People who used different means of transportation on different days of the week were asked to specify the one they used most often, that is, the greatest number of days. People who used more than one means of transportation to get to work each day were asked to report the one used for the longest distance during the work trip. The category, "Car, truck, or van," includes workers using a car (including company cars but excluding taxicabs), a truck of one- ton capacity or less, or a van. The category, "Public transportation," includes workers who used a bus or trolley bus, streetcar or trolley car, subway or elevated, railroad, or ferryboat, even if each mode is not shown separately in the tabulation. "Carro publico" is included in the public transportation category in Puerto Rico. The category, "Other means," includes workers who used a mode of travel that is not identified separately within the data distribution. The category, "Other means," may vary from table to table, depending on the amount of detail shown in a particular distribution.
The means of transportation data for some areas may show workers using modes of public transportation that are not available in those areas (for example, subway or elevated riders in a metropolitan area where there is no subway or elevated service). This result is largely due to people who worked during the reference week at a location that was different from their usual place of work (such as people away from home on business in an area where subway service was available), and people who used more than one means of transportation each day but whose principal means was unavailable where they lived (for example, residents of nonmetropolitan areas who drove to the fringe of a metropolitan area, and took the commuter railroad most of the distance to work).
ACS 2012-3yr Summary File: Technical Documentation -> Appendix A: Supplemental Documentation -> 2010-2012 Subject Definitions -> Population Variables -> Language Spoken at Home
Language Spoken at Home by the Respondent
Data on language spoken at home were derived from answers to questions 14a and 14b in the 2012 American Community Survey. These questions were asked only of persons 5 years of age and older. Instructions mailed with the American Community Survey questionnaire instructed respondents to mark "Yes" on Question 14a if they sometimes or always spoke a language other than English at home, and "No" if a language was spoken only at school - or if speaking was limited to a few expressions or slang. For Question 14b, respondents printed the name of the non-English language they spoke at home. If the person spoke more than one non-English language, they reported the language spoken most often. If the language spoken most frequently could not be determined, the respondent reported the language learned first.
Questions 14a and 14b referred to languages spoken at home in an effort to measure the current use of languages other than English. This category excluded respondents who spoke a language other than English exclusively outside of the home.
An automated computer system coded write-in responses to Question 14b into more than 380 detailed language categories. This automated procedure compared write-in responses with a master computer code list - which contained approximately 55,000 previously coded language names and variants - and then assigned a detailed language category to each write- in response. The computerized matching assured that identical alphabetic entries received the same code. Clerical coding categorized any write-in responses that did not match the computer dictionary. When multiple languages other than English were specified, only the first was coded.
The write-in responses represented the names people used for languages they spoke. They may not have matched the names or categories used by professional linguists. The categories used were sometimes geographic and sometimes linguistic. The Four Main Group Classifications and Thirty-Nine Subgroup Classifications of Languages Spoken at Home with Illustrative Examples table in Appendix A provides an illustration of the content of the classification schemes used to present language data.
Household Language
In households where one or more people spoke a language other than English, the household language assigned to all household members was the non- English language spoken by the first person with a non-English language. This assignment scheme ranked household members in the following order: householder, spouse, parent, sibling, child, grandchild, other relative, stepchild, unmarried partner, housemate or roommate, and other nonrelatives. Therefore, a person who spoke only English may have had a non-English household language assigned during tabulations by household language.
Government agencies use information on language spoken at home for their programs that serve the needs of the foreign-born and specifically those who have difficulty with English. Under the Voting Rights Act, language is needed to meet statutory requirements for making voting materials available in minority languages. The Census Bureau is directed, using data about language spoken at home and the ability to speak English, to identify minority groups that speak a language other than English and to assess their English-speaking ability. The U.S. Department of Education uses these data to prepare a report to Congress on the social and economic status of children served by different local school districts.
Government agencies use information on language spoken at home for their programs that serve the needs of the foreign-born and specifically those who have difficulty with English. Under the Voting Rights Act, language is needed to meet statutory requirements for making voting materials available in minority languages. The Census Bureau is directed, using data about language spoken at home and the ability to speak English, to identify minority groups that speak a language other than English and to assess their English-speaking ability. The U.S. Department of Education uses these data to prepare a report to Congress on the social and economic status of children served by different local school districts. State and local agencies concerned with aging develop health care and other services tailored to the language and cultural diversity of the elderly under the Older Americans Act.
The Language Spoken Questions have changed only once since ACS began. Examples of languages were listed immediately followed the question "What is this language?" in the 1996-1998 questionnaire. Starting in 1999, the list of languages was moved to below the write-in box.
The language question is about current use of a non-English language, not about ability to speak another language or the use of such a language in the past. People who speak a language other than English outside of the home are not reported as speaking a language other than English. Similarly, people whose mother tongue is a non- English language but who do not currently use the language at home do not report the language. Some people who speak a language other than English at home may have first learned that language in school. These people are expected to indicate speaking English "Very well."
All years of ACS language data are comparable to each other. They are also comparable to Census data from 1980, 1990 and 2000.
See the 2012 Code List on the ACS website (http://www.census.gov/acs) for Language Code List.
ACS 2012-3yr Summary File: Technical Documentation -> Appendix A: Supplemental Documentation -> 2010-2012 Subject Definitions -> Population Variables -> Ability to Speak English
Ability to Speak English
Respondent's Ability to Speak English
Respondents who reported speaking a language other than English (question 14a in the 2012 American Community Survey) were asked to indicate their English-speaking ability (question 14c in the 2012 American Community Survey) based on one of the following categories: "Very well," "Well," "Not well," or "Not at all." Those who answered "Well," "Not well," or "Not at all" are sometimes referred as "Less than 'very well.'" Respondents were not instructed on how to interpret the response categories in this question.
Households in which no one 14 and over speaks English only or speaks a language other than English at home and speaks English "very well"
This variable identifies households that may need English language assistance. This arises when no one 14 and over meets either of two conditions
(1) they speak English at home or
(2) even though they speak another language, they also report that they speak English "very well."
After data are collected for each person in the household, this variable checks if all people 14 years old and older speak a language other than English. If so, the variable checks the English-speaking ability responses to see if all people 14 years old and older speak English "Less than 'very well.'" If all household members 14 and over speak a language other than English and speak English "Less than 'very well,'" the household is considered part of this group that may be in need of English language assistance. All members of a household were identified in this group, including members under 14 years old who may have spoken only English.
The English Language Ability question has been the same since the beginning of ACS. "Households in which no one 14 and over speaks English only or speaks a language other than English and speaks English 'very well'" has been calculated the same way in all years of ACS data collection, but has sometimes been termed "Linguistic Isolation."
Ideally, the data on ability to speak English represented a person's perception of their own English-speaking ability. However, because one household member usually completes American Community Survey questionnaires, the responses may have represented the perception of another household member.
All years of ACS language data are comparable to each other. They are also comparable to Census data from 1980, 1990 and 2000. Though the term "Linguistic Isolation" is no longer used, data under this heading may still be compared.
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Girl Group Member Discovered On Idol Survival Show Stuns On “The King Of Mask Singer”
by S. Park
On the latest episode of MBC’s “The King of Mask Singer,” the contestant “Young Shim” was revealed to be a popular member of a girl group!
During the August 5 broadcast of the singing competition, masked singers “Harney” and “Young Shim” competed against each other in the first round. The two contestants sang a duet to Younha’s “Password 486,” and the audience voted on which one of them should move onto the second round.
“Harney” won the first round with 62 votes, and “Young Shim” remained on stage to perform her second song. While singing Taeyeon’s “I’m OK,” “Young Shim” removed her mask.
The identity of “Young Shim” was revealed to be Weki Meki’s Kim Doyeon!
Kim Doyeon commented, “Since there are many members in both I.O.I and Weki Meki, there hasn’t been an opportunity for people to hear my voice in its entirety, and so there are people who think that I can’t sing. I wanted to show you that I’m not that bad at singing.”
She added, “I want to show you that I’m continuing to improve. To be honest, I was really nervous. [The panelists] said so many nice things that I think their words will give me lots of strength during my future promotions. I really hope that when people talk about Kim Doyeon, they’ll say, ‘She’s also good at singing.'”
“The King of Mask Singer” airs on Sundays at 4:50 p.m. KST. Check out the clips of Kim Doyeon on the show below!
Watch the full episode of “The King of Mask Singer” now!
Source (1) (2)
Kim Doyeon
The King of Mask Singer
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Senior Guatemalan official says aid rarely makes it to the poor - understands Trump's decision to cut funding
Sara Carter
Wed, 26 Jun 2019 18:33 UTC
Mario Duarte
A senior Guatemalan official said his nation was aware President Donald Trump was going to cut funding to his nation, saying he understands the decision as the majority of funds designated to aid his nation's poorest through development projects and other charities rarely reaches those who need it most.
It is a stunning admission by Guatemala's Secretary of Strategic Intelligence Mario Duarte, who says the funding needs to be thoroughly accounted for by both the United States and Guatemala. He spoke to me on my latest podcast at the Sara Carter Show.
He discussed everything from U.S.-Guatemala relations, illegal immigration, terrorism and fighting narco trafficking organizations. He added that the funding being cut will not affect his nation's work and cooperation with the United States to curtail the growing security threats posed by narco traffickers and other major security issues, like the illegal immigration crisis. Duarte emphasized that the funding cuts will not be 'directly' related to security programs.
"To be honest with you, I don't think most of that money is actually being properly used in our country, mainly in Guatemala," Duarte told me. "A lot of that money goes to NGOs who spend it on mostly doing analysis and white papers sent studies. The money's not really going towards the people. There's no significant projects that really help us along those lines."
Over the past year there have been ongoing discussions with State Department officials about the funding cuts, said Duarte. The funding cuts are "not directly related to all the security programs that allow us or allow us to Guatemalan authorities to assist also the U.S. authorities to curve down any flux of drugs, illegal immigrants, or any type of threat that can be coming through Guatemala towards the United States."
Duarte noted that last week he had "a conversation with a couple of project managers from USAID that have worked here in Guatemala, they have worked in Haiti, they have worked in Africa, they have worked in Afghanistan and the issue here is that the projects are almost like pet projects for some political ideal.
"It's not something that's going to significantly increase the Guatemalan capacity to actually start building up on that and create jobs, and create some sort of development. So, at some point, there needs to be a good coordination in between the executive of the United States and the executive of Guatemala to really make a change in how these projects are selected and how they're funded to make sure that the money is actually used to assist us in developing our undeveloped regions. And, you know, redundancy applied here," Duarte added.
Duarte said his nation will continue to assist the United States.
"So, basically all the systems that it's given currently to, our security forces, our armed forces, as long as it's used to curve down all these different threats towards the United States they're still going to remain in place, we're still going to be receiving that assistance from the United States," he said. "And obviously, we are a partner of the United States and we've been a partner for a long time. Now, the funding that's going to be cut, as we understand, it's all other funds that go, as you said, to NGOs, or any other projects not related to security."
He also stressed that during the past three years the U.S. and Guatemala have worked together to "intercept and deny access and deny further movement, as you said, to Special Interest Aliens coming from countries that do have some sort of relation with terrorism organizations, or also, individuals that appear in some database and that might prove some sort of link to terrorist organizations, so obviously, we're not going to allow them to go through so we go through a very complicated process after they are reviewed, interviewed, and they get sent back from wherever they came from."
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Growing Incomes and Economic Mobility in Pakistan
A 2012 study of 22 nations conducted by Prof Miles Corak for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has found income heritability to be greater in the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, China and 5 other countries than in Pakistan.
The study's findings, presented by the author in testimony to the US Senate Finance Committee on July 6, 2012, rely on the computation of "inter-generational earnings elasticity" which the author explains as follows:
"(It) is the percentage difference in earnings in the child’s generation associated with the percentage difference in the parental generation. For example, an intergenerational elasticity in earnings of 0.6 tells us that if one father makes 100% more than another then the son of the high income father will, as an adult, earn 60% more than the son of the relatively lower income father. An elasticity of 0.2 says this 100% difference between the fathers would only lead to a 20% difference between the sons. A lower elasticity means a society with more mobility."
Intergenerational Mobility in Pakistan:
Corak calculates that the intergenerational earnings elasticity in Pakistan is 0.46, the same as in Switzerland. It means that a difference of 100% between the incomes of a rich father and a poor father is reduced to 46% difference between their sons' incomes. Among the 22 countries studied, Peru, China and Brazil have the lowest economic mobility with inter-generational elasticity of 0.67, 0.60 and 0.58 respectively. The highest economic mobility is offered by Denmark (0.15), Norway (0.17) and Finland (0.18).
The author also looked at Gini coefficient of each country and found reasonably good correlation between Gini and intergenerational income elasticity.
In addition to Corak, there are other reports which confirm that Pakistan has continued to offer significant upward economic and social mobility to its citizens over the last two decades. Since 1990, Pakistan's middle class had expanded by 36.5% and India's by only 12.8%, according to an ADB report titled "Asia's Emerging Middle Class: Past, Present And Future".
More evidence of upward mobility is offered by recent Euromonitor market research indicating that Pakistanis are seeing rising disposable incomes. It says that there were 1.8 million Pakistani households (7.55% of all households) and 7.9 million Indian households (3.61% of all households) in 2009 with disposable incomes of $10,001 or more. This translates into 282% increase (vs 232% in India) from 1995-2009 in households with disposable incomes of $10,001 or more. Consumer spending in Pakistan has increased at a 26 percent average pace the past three years, compared with 7.7 percent for Asia, according to Bloomberg.
Mobility Drivers:
The study identified three key drivers of inter-generational mobility: Family, Labor Market and State.
The biggest difference the family makes is in terms of education and training of the children. Growing labor market is important for the availability of better paying jobs, and the state matters because its policies influence access to education and growth of economic opportunities. For Pakistanis, the weakest link here has been the state which has failed to adequately fund education and facilitate economic growth through infrastructure investments. The private sector, the civil society and the international community have, however, stepped in to at least partially compensate for some of the most serious shortcomings of the state.
Pakistani parents are taking education more and more seriously and enrolling their children at all levels. According to Harvard University researchers Robert Barro and Jhong-Wa Lee, Pakistan has been increasing enrollment of students in schools at a faster rate since 1990 than India. In 1990, there were 66.2% of Pakistanis vs 51.6% of Indians age 15 and above who had no schooling. In 2000, there were 60.2% Pakistanis vs 43% Indians with no schooling. In 2010, Pakistan reduced it to 38% vs India's 32.7%.
As of 2010, there are 380 (vs 327 Indians) out of every 1000 Pakistanis age 15 and above who have never had any formal schooling. Of the remaining 620 (vs 673 Indians) who enrolled in school, 22 (vs 20 Indians) dropped out before finishing primary school, and the remaining 598 (vs 653 Indians) completed it. There are 401 (vs 465 Indians) out of every 1000 Pakistanis who made it to secondary school. 290 (vs 69 Indians) completed secondary school while 111 (vs. 394 Indians) dropped out. Only 55 (vs 58 Indians) made it to college out of which 39 (vs 31 Indians) graduated with a degree.
Labor Market:
Pakistan's employment growth has been the highest in South Asia region since 2000, followed by Nepal, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka in that order, according to a recent World Bank report titled "More and Better Jobs in South Asia".
Total employment in South Asia (excluding Afghanistan and Bhutan) rose from 473 million in 2000 to 568 million in 2010, creating an average of just under 800,000 new jobs a month. In all countries except Maldives and Sri Lanka, the largest share of the employed are the low‐end self-employed.
The report says that nearly a third of workers in India and a fifth of workers in Bangladesh and Pakistan are casual laborers. Regular wage and salaried workers represent a fifth or less of total employment.
Analysis of the labor productivity data indicates that growth in TFP (total factor productivity) made a larger relative contribution to the growth of aggregate labor productivity in South Asia during 1980–2008 than did physical and human capital accumulation. In fact, the contribution of TFP growth was higher than in the high‐performing East Asian economies excluding China.
The experience of OECD nations shows that construction of a large and vibrant middle class is an absolutely essential pre-requisite for a prosperous and democratic society. In spite of all of its current difficulties, Pakistan's middle class is growing as evident from data coming from a variety of sources ranging from ADB and the World Bank to University researchers and Euromonitor consumer research firm. More enlightened leadership in Islamabad can help accelerate this process by focusing greater attention to raising more revenue and increasing public investment in education, health care and infrastructure.
Economic Mobility Across Generations
Upward Social and Economic Mobility in Pakistan
Pakistan GDP Grossly Underestimated, Shares Highly Undervalued
Investment Analysts Bullish on Pakistan
Precise Estimates of Pakistan's Informal Economy
Pak Consumer Boom Fuels Underground Economy
Rural Consumption Boom in Pakistan
Pakistan's Tax Evasion Fosters Aid Dependence
Pakistan's Circular Debt and Load-shedding
Hypermart Pakistan
Economy Mobility Pakistan
Here's a BR report on new US Ambassador's thoughts about Pakistan:
In the brief few weeks that the new US ambassador Richard Olson has been in Pakistan, he is said to have been struck by the tremendous economic potential Pakistan possesses and by the industriousness and vitality of its people.
According to him, he has also been pleased to see the many ways in which the United States is working with Pakistan to harness this potential to create a brighter economic future for the people of Pakistan. Here are a few examples:
Boosting agricultural output: To generate jobs and higher incomes among the 45 percent of the population employed in agriculture, the United States helped train 14,000 Pakistani farmers to better protect their livestock from disease, improve the quality of their products, and achieve profitable growth. We're also helping to build new irrigation canals that will expand arable land by more than 200,000 acres.
Building roads for greater trade: To connect communities and facilitate trade, the United States is helping to build more than 1,000-km of roads in Fata, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan. The Peshawar-Torkham Highway reconstruction is also underway and it will connect Jamrud and Landikotal tehsils in Khyber Agency with the city of Peshawar to foster regional trade for years to come.
Helping businesses bloom: The United States is uniquely placed to support entrepreneurship in Pakistan because, as President Obama said, "innovation is what America has always been about." In September, we launched the Pakistan Private Investment Initiative, a private equity offering designed to help Pakistan's talented entrepreneurs access the capital they need to expand their businesses and create jobs. In October, we organised the "US-Pakistan Business Opportunities Conference" in London to bring together Pakistani and American businesses and bankers to identify new business opportunities.
Promoting trade and investment: The United States is Pakistan's largest export market. Two-way trade between our countries amounted to almost S6 billion in 2011. The US government wants to expand our trade and investment relationship with Pakistan and so do US investors who are attracted to this country's market of 180 million people.
http://www.brecorder.com/business-a-economy/189/1261765/
Here's a Bloomberg story titled "Pakistan, Land of Entrepreneurs":
On a warm Sunday morning in November, Arif Habib leaves his posh home near the seafront in southern Karachi and drives across town in a silver Toyota Prado SUV. About half an hour later, he arrives to check up on his latest project: a 2,100-acre residential development at the northern tip of this city of 20 million. He hops out, shakes hands with young company call-center workers who are dressed for a cricket match, and joins them at the edge of the playing field for a traditional Pakistani breakfast of curried chickpeas and semolina pudding. After a quick tour of the construction site, he straps on his leg pads, grabs his bat, and heads onto the field. “The principles of cricket are very effective in business,” says Habib, 59. “The goal is to stay at the wicket, hit the right balls, leave the balls that don’t quite work, and keep an eye on the scoreboard. I feel that my childhood association with cricket has contributed to my success.”
Habib, who started as a stockbroker more than four decades ago, has expanded his Arif Habib Group into a 13-company business that has invested $2 billion in financial services, cement, fertilizer, and steel factories since 2004. His group and a clutch of others have become conglomerates of a kind that went out of fashion in the West but seem suited to the often chaotic conditions in Pakistan. Engro (ENGRO), a maker of fertilizer, has moved into packaged foods and coal mining. Billionaire Mian Muhammad Mansha, one of Pakistan’s richest men, is importing 2,500 milk cows from Australia to start a dairy business after running MCB Bank, Nishat Mills, and D.G. Khan Cement.
These companies have prospered in a country that, since joining the U.S. in the war on terror after Sept. 11, has lost more than 40,000 people to retaliatory bombings by the Taliban. Political violence in Karachi has killed 2,000 Pakistanis this year, and an energy crisis—power outages last as long as 18 hours a day—has led to social unrest. Foreign direct investment declined 24 percent to $244 million in the four months ended Oct. 31, according to the central bank.
At the same time, some 70 million Pakistanis—40 percent of the population—have become middle-class, says Sakib Sherani, chief executive of Macro Economic Insights, a research firm in Islamabad. A boom in agriculture and residential property, as well as jobs in hot sectors such as telecom and media, have helped Pakistanis prosper. “Just go to the malls and see the number of customers who are actually buying in upscale stores and that shows you how robust the demand is,” says Azfer Naseem, head of research for Elixir Securities in Karachi. “Despite the energy crisis, we have growth of 3 percent.”
Sherani of Macro Economic Insights estimates the middle class doubled in size between 2002 and 2012. “Those who understand the difference between the perception of Pakistan and the reality have made a killing,” Habib says. “Foreigners don’t come here, so the field is wide open.” The KSE100, the benchmark index of the Karachi Exchange, has risen elevenfold since mid-2001. Shares in the index are up 43 percent this year alone. Over the past decade, stocks have been buoyed by corporate earnings, which were bolstered in turn by rising consumer spending.
Today, Habib has 11,000 employees and annual revenue of 100 billion rupees. He plans to expand into commodities trading and warehousing. “I’ve created all my wealth in Pakistan and reinvested all of it here,” says Habib, who drives himself to his cricket matches and is never accompanied by security guards. In 1998, when Pakistan’s share index fell to a record low after the government tested nuclear weapons, Habib bought shares even though “people thought I was mad.”...
http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-11-29/pakistan-land-of-entrepreneurs
Here's Daily Times on Mobilink's planned $1 Billion expansion:
A delegation of VimpelCom informed Prime Minister Raja Pervez Ashraf of plans for further investment of $1 billion in Pakistan for the enhancement of Mobilink’s nationwide mobile network. A delegation comprising senior management from VimpelCom, the parent company of Mobilink, called on the prime minister at the Prime Minister House, on Thursday. The delegation was headed by VimpelCom Group CEO Jo Lunder who apprised the prime minister on VimpelCom’s global operations and the significance of the Pakistani market for VimpelCom’s growth strategy. The prime minister also discussed VimpelCom’s outlook on current operating conditions within Pakistan, and was apprised of Mobilink’s existing investment of over $3.9 billion towards consolidating its position in Pakistan’s telecom sector.
In a recent piece tiled "Pakistan Staring into the Abyss", Pakistani journalist Najam Sethi captures the highly pessimistic mood of the press coverage and books about Pakistan.
http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/the-pakistani-state-is-staring-at-a-dark-abyss/1/185216.html
Historically, purveyors of books and magazines predicting doom and gloom have mostly been wrong but sold lots of copies.
Matt Ridley, the author of "The Rational Optimist", says that the prophets of doom and gloom from Robert Malthus to Paul Ehrlich(both predicted catastrophe of mass starvation) have always found great acceptance as "sages" in their time but proved to be completely wrong because they discount human resilience and ingenuity.
http://books.google.com/books?id=YoVpW0zJIgYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=rational+optimist+sage&hl=en&sa=X&ei=B6a6UKb4BebgigLV84DoAQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=ehrlich&f=false
The reasons for wide acceptance of pessimists have to do with how the human brain has evolved through the millennia.
It's been established that once the amygdala starts hunting for bad news, it'll mostly find bad news.
Peter Diamandis explains this phenomenon well in his book "Abundance-Why Future is Better Than You Think".
Here's a excerpt from Diamandis's book:
"These are turbulent times. A quick glance at the headlines is enough to set anybody on edge-with endless media stream that has lately become our lives-it's hard to get away from those headlines. Worse, evolution shaped human brain to be acutely aware of all potential dangers...this dire combination has a profound impact on human perception: It literally shuts off our ability to take in good news."
http://books.google.com/books?id=lCifxlN8ZIoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=abundance&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Iqe6UNqeM4zmiwKs5YDYAg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=bad%20news&f=false
In Pakistan's case, the good news continues to be the emergence of a large and growing middle class population and a vibrant mass media and civil society which underpin the country's extraordinary resilience.
Pakistan needs such resilience to complete its difficult ongoing transition to democracy which, the history tells us, has never been easy for any nation.
I believe Pakistan is making good progress toward becoming a prosperous urban middle class democracy.
Here's a Dawn story on growing retail sector in Pakistan:
Karachi’s Dolmen City Mall is a large, plush building that would not be out of place in Dubai. Heavily fortified with security guards, the interior is impressive, with its cavernous corridors and gleaming marble floor – a far cry from the hustle and bustle of the city’s other shopping areas.
Newly arrived from London earlier this year, Karachi residents were insistent that I must see this wonderful new addition to the city. When I did, it was something of a home from home. In addition to high end local clothing brands were a whole plethora of foreign stores, from Mango, to Next, to the Body Shop. Many (though not all) of these are British imports.
The latest to open its doors was Debenhams, stalwart of the British high street, which this year became the first international department store in Pakistan with its branch in Dolmen. It joins other UK brands such as Next, Early Learning Centre, Accessorize and Monsoon.
So what is behind the influx of foreign stores to Karachi’s high streets? Internationally, Pakistan is not viewed as an obvious market for retail brands due to security concerns – both real and perceived – and the attendant difficulties of doing business.
However, the numbers tell a different story. The retail sector is one of the fastest-growing in Pakistan, and is expected to grow at a rate of 7 per cent per year until 2015. To give some indication of the growth it has already seen in recent years, compare the market value in 2006 – £19124.1 million – with 2010, when it had increased to £26541.2 million.
Yasin Paracha runs Team A Ventures, the company which holds the franchises for UK brands Debenhams, Next, Early Learning Centre, Accessorize, and Mothercare. He explains that the historic ties between the two countries means that British brands have instant recognition in Pakistan.
“People in our target market are used to travelling to London frequently,” he says – many people will have visited the UK as tourists, students, or on family or business visits.
Indeed, the growth of this target market – young, urban, and with significant disposable income – is crucial to increased retail operations in Pakistan. The urbanized middle classes are a steadily growing group.
Of Pakistan’s 180-million strong population, around 55 million live in cities such as Karachi, Lahore, and Faisalabad. Consumerism is on the up, fuelled by a recent boom in consumer banking and the media industry, and encouraged by ever-increasing investment from both local and foreign chains. Traditionally, many people in this target market have preferred to do much of their shopping abroad, meaning that they are already predisposed to foreign brands.
But what about the security risks for new businesses? Karachi, in particular, is home to outbreaks of sectarian and ethnic violence, terrorist attacks, and a high instance of crime including extortion rackets.
“Of course it’s a concern for new investors,” says Paracha. “On the surface of it, a lot of brands are hesitant, but when they first make the trip to Pakistan, they are reassured because they realise that the things on the ground are very different from what they see in the media.”
However, the situation cannot be ignored. “One has to be cautious,” Paracha continues. “You can’t go into a very aggressive expansion because you can’t deny the security issue, especially in some cities. But so far we have not had a major negative impact on our operations.”
The visible success of household names like Debenhams and Next in Pakistan is likely t encourage other British brands to see the country as a potentially viable market. In addition to this, there is a concerted drive from the UK government to encourage British investment in Pakistan, due to a bilateral trade agreement between the two countries....
http://dawn.com/2012/12/05/banking-on-history-british-brands-thrive-in-pakistan/
In an Express Tribune article titled "Pakistan's tarred reputation", Pak economist Javed Burki paints a grim picture of Pakistani economy and references media stories of violence published in The Economist and The New York Times as a deterrent to foreign investors, governments and IFIs like IMF and World Bank.
http://tribune.com.pk/story/477347/pakistans-tarred-reputation/
What Brurki doesn't say (or maybe he doesn't understand?) is that governments, investors and corporations who do their own research know that Pakistan is too big and important a country which they can not afford to ignore for long.
Pakistan has a large and growing consumer base as well as a growing stockpile of sophisticated nuclear weapons. It can be highly profitable or highly dangerous depending how the world chooses to deal with it.
That's why the total foreign currency inflows into Pakistan have continued to grow for over a decade. Decline in FDI has been more than made up by growing remittances, grants and loans as well as significant increase in exports.
The "peace of the dead" is ending with the "eclipse of feudalism" in Pakistan. What we are seeing now is an "unplanned revolution" in the words of a Pakistani sociologist, a revolution that is transforming Pakistan for the better in the long run.
http://books.google.com/books?id=EKHZAAAAMAAJ&q=feudalism#search_anchor
http://himalmag.com/component/content/article/5126-the-eclipse-of-feudalism-in-pakistan.html
http://sai.columbia.edu/outreach_files/Social%20&%20Structural%20Transformations%20in%20Pakistan.pdf
Here's a FT story on Pakistan:
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is not a place where visitors expect to see billboards advertising “Liposuction, Tummy Tuck, Breast Reshaping” for middle-class women, let alone brothels to entertain middle-class men in a red-light district near the main mosque. They are both there in the sprawling commercial city of Lahore.
Nor is Pakistan a country where foreigners wary of Islamic extremism would necessarily envisage a politically correct gender studies centre such as the one at Quaid-i-Azam University in the capital Islamabad – where students, male and female, discuss everything from honour killings to reproductive rights.
To say that Pakistan has an image problem in the west is an understatement. A new Global Terrorism Index published by the Institute for Economics and Peace shows that Pakistan comes second only to Iraq in terms of terrorist violence because of “significant and widespread” attacks, mostly bombings and shootings. (Pakistan’s neighbours, Afghanistan and India, come third and fourth.)
Yet Pakistan is more diverse than outsiders tend to think and the beliefs of its 180m people are more heterogeneous than in many other nations that profess themselves Islamic. Women hold positions of power in politics, business and academia; mystical Muslims worship at Sufi shrines that are anathema to puritan Sunnis in the Saudi mould; and those who might be categorised as Islamic extremists have never won more than 12 per cent of the vote in a general election.
Democracy in Pakistan – according to one western diplomat who draws comparisons not with South America but with the Middle East – is far from perfect but more developed than it is in Egypt. “At a time when democracy in other parts of the Muslim world is running into problems ... there is something consolidating here against all the odds,” the diplomat says. “Something quite significant is happening here.”
The mere fact of a government finishing its allotted term and facing new elections is important, says another Pakistan-based diplomat. “It’s very hard for the outside world to understand how important that’s going to be ... It changes intangibly the calculations of politicians and the military.”
Few Pakistanis dispute that the weakness of the economy is a source of fragility, that drastic electricity shortages stoke public anger, or that corruption is worsening further as the election approaches. A few investors, foreign and Pakistani, look back to the decade long military rule of Pervez Musharraf, which ended in 2008, as a kind of golden age of growth and prudent decision-making.
But even Gen Musharraf will wear civilian clothes if – as he hopes – he is able to return from exile to join the political fray. And even business leaders appalled by the state of the economy now hesitate to recommend military intervention in modern Pakistan.
www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/fd6b21f2-494b-11e2-9225-00144feab49a.html
Here's an Express Tribune list of Pakistani companies with over a billion in revenue:
The Billion Dollar Club
1. Pakistan State Oil Company
Revenues: $11.57 billion
Joined club: Before 1986
2. Pak-Arab Refinery
Revenues: $3.00 billion
Joined club: 2000
3. Sui Northern Gas Pipelines
4. Shell Pakistan
5. Oil & Gas Development Company
6. National Refinery
7. Hub Power Company
8. Karachi Electric Supply Company
9. Attock Refinery
10. Attock Petroleum
11. Lahore Electric Supply Company
12. Pakistan Refinery
13. Sui Southern Gas Company
14. Pakistan International Airlines
15. Engro Corporation
16. Pakistan Telecommunications Company
17. Kot Addu Power Company
18. Mobilink
19. Pakistan Petroleum
http://tribune.com.pk/story/483287/corporate-revenues-the-growth-of-the-billion-dollar-club-in-pakistan/
Here's ET on near billion dollar Pak companies:
The Near-Billion Dollar club
1. Telenor Pakistan
Revenues: $951 million
2. Pepsico Pakistan
3. State Life Insurance Corporation
4. Toyota Indus
5. Habib Bank
6. Nestle Pakistan
7. National Bank of Pakistan
8. Faisalabad Electric Supply Company
9. Multan Electric Power Company
10. Unilever Pakistan
11. Pakistan Tobacco Company
12. Pak Suzuki
13. Islamabad Electric Supply Company
14. Fauji Fertilizer Company
15. Lotte Pakistan
16. United Bank
17. MCB Bank
tribune.com.pk/story/483448/rising-tide-consumer-centric-companies-dominate-the-near-billion-dollar-club/
Here are some excerpts of a piece titled "How's India Doing (2012)?" as published in The Hindu:
One, the decline in poverty has not been uniform across regions and communities. If in 1982 your parents lived on the banks of the Cooum in Madras or in Dharavi in Bombay, it is likely that today your economic status is better than theirs. But if you are from a Dalit or adivasi family in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, or Uttar Pradesh, chances are that you are no better off now than your parents were in 1982. Two, the benefits of growth have indeed trickled down, but that is exactly what has happened: it has been just a trickle. The incidence of poverty has declined, but a quarter of the population or around 300-350 million people are still desperately poor. Three, if other basic necessities like shelter, access to clean drinking water and sanitation are included, the picture is much more dismal. Research by R. Jayraj and S. Subramanian shows that severe “multidimensional poverty” afflicted 470 million in 2005-06, not much lower than the estimate of 520 million in 1992-93. Four, in certain critical areas — for instance, malnourishment and maternal mortality — conditions remain terrible. Close to half our children suffer from malnutrition, much the same as 30 years ago.
So if we paint a broader picture, the old sliver of the beneficiaries of India’s growth has only thickened a bit. For the large mass of India’s poor, daily life remains a struggle. There is no doubt India lost a major opportunity in the past three decades.
The sex ratio has at last begun to see some improvement, though only in the past decade. And the life expectancy of women is now, as it should be, longer than of men. But we are in a far worse situation than in 1982 with respect to the status of the girl child. The sex ratio at birth — the number of girls born for every 1,000 boys born — has declined in recent decades. And the sex ratio of children under six has also worsened. Whether the result of sex-selection at birth, female infanticide, or neglect of the girl child, India has become an awful place for girls.
The outcome, however, has not been any major improvement in the economic status of the deprived castes. It may be too early to express any definite opinion on the achievements of these parties, but the early optimism that they would position the demand for lower-caste rights as part of a larger movement for justice and equality has faded. These parties have at times turned into movements solely for the advancement of sectional interests, and, worse, have become vehicles of personal aggrandisement.
If these are the changes in four areas that Sen examined in 1982, one also has to recognise that major changes have taken place in other areas.
For a country that became independent amid gruesome violence on religious lines, communalism has been no stranger. Soon after Sen’s essay, we had the anti-Sikh riots of November 1984. Mass murder was conducted over three days in the capital under the benign gaze of a new Prime Minister. The message was: if you mobilise yourself with force, you can get away with anything. The message was heard, and put into practice in Bhagalpur 1989, Bombay 1993, and Gujarat 2002.
Beyond such open violence, it is the routinisation of communalism in daily life that is new. Mobilisation on communal lines took new forms after the Vishwa Hindu Parishad/Bharatiya Janata Party decided to raise the issue of the Babri Masjid. The rath yatra of 1990, the Congress’s cynical attempt at soft Hindutva, and the destruction of the Babri Masjid completed the post-Independence transformation of India on communal lines. All this has contributed in no small measure to the growth of domestic terrorism. India is tragically now a less tolerant society than what it was in the early 1980s.
http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/how-is-india-doing-2012/article4249630.ece
Here's an excerpt of Shahid Burki's Op Ed in the Express Tribune:
(Prof) Hirschman looked at three possibilities. People could remain loyal to the system that has caused them anxiety and despair. In that case, their hope will be that they can work within the system to reform it and thus improve their own situation in it. This happens in most functioning democracies. People use the opportunities inherent in democratic systems to improve what they receive from politics and economics. The second option is to raise their voice. That can be done by stepping out of the system and entering into a different kind of discourse. This is essentially what was done by the participants in the Arab Spring. The Arab street woke up when the realisation became acute that the autocratic structures in several Arab states did not have the space in which the alienated could raise their voice. They took to the streets and to the public squares and brought about regime change in several countries that had been governed for decades by autocrats.
The third option — of exiting the system — is the most radical of the three that Hirschman considered. This has happened in Syria. Earlier, it happened in Pakistan when the citizens of the eastern wing decided to opt out and create a country of their own. They had tried hard to remain within the Pakistani system as conceived by Mohammad Ali Jinnah but the political structure within West Pakistan could not countenance the idea of political power moving from Islamabad to Dhaka. That would have happened had the results of the 1970 election been allowed to create the government that would have been dominated by East Pakistan’s Awami League. What followed is familiar history.
There can be no denying the fact that the level of people’s alienation with the current economic and political systems in Pakistan has, at this time, reached a level never experienced before. And yet, the citizens have chosen to remain within the developing political order, rather than opt out and try for something new. That the people’s response this time around has been different from those in the Arab world is because of their belief in the political order that is under development. But the process of development has been messy which was to be expected. This brings me to another point that Hirschman developed in his long academic career.
He was of the view that progress is never linear. It does not happen in a smooth way, either with the economy or with the political system. Most systems operate through disequilibria making adjustments as they go along....
http://tribune.com.pk/story/486740/professor-hirschman-and-pakistan
Talking about "doing a Reagan", here's NY Times' Op Ed about India-China race:
As recently as 2006, when I first visited India and China, the economic race was on, with heavy bets being placed on which one would win the developing world sweepstakes.
Many Westerners fervently hoped that a democratic country would triumph economically over an autocratic regime.
Now the contest is emphatically over. China has lunged into the 21st century, while India is still lurching toward it.
That’s evident not just in columns of dry statistics but in the rhythm and sensibility of each country. While China often seems to eradicate its past as it single-mindedly constructs its future, India nibbles more judiciously at its complex history.
Visits to crowded Indian urban centers unleash sensory assaults: colorful dress and lilting chatter provide a backdrop to every manner of commerce, from small shops to peddlers to beggars. That makes for engaging tourism, but not the fastest economic development. In contrast to China’s full-throated, monochromatic embrace of large-scale manufacturing, India more closely resembles a nation of shopkeepers.
To be sure, India has achieved enviable success in business services, like the glistening call centers in Bangalore and elsewhere. But in the global jousting for manufacturing jobs, India does not get its share.
Now, after years of rocketing growth, China’s gross domestic product per capita of $9,146 is more than twice India’s. And its economy grew by 7.7 percent in 2012, while India expanded at a (hardly shabby) 5.3 percent rate.
India’s rigid social structure limits intergenerational economic mobility and fosters acceptance of vast wealth disparities. In Mumbai, where more than half the population lives in slums often devoid of electricity or running water, Mukesh Ambani spent a reported $1 billion to construct a 27-story home in a residential neighborhood.
Don’t get me wrong — I am hardly advocating totalitarian government. But we need to recognize that success for developing countries is about more than free elections.
While India may not have the same “eye on the prize” so evident in China, it should finish a respectable second in the developing world sweepstakes. It just won’t beat China.
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/19/india-is-losing-the-race/
Here's a New York Times story on economic and income mobility in US:
This geography appears to play a major role in making Atlanta one of the metropolitan areas where it is most difficult for lower-income households to rise into the middle class and beyond, according to a new study that other researchers are calling the most detailed portrait yet of income mobility in the United States.
The study — based on millions of anonymous earnings records and being released this week by a team of top academic economists — is the first with enough data to compare upward mobility across metropolitan areas. These comparisons provide some of the most powerful evidence so far about the factors that seem to drive people’s chances of rising beyond the station of their birth, including education, family structure and the economic layout of metropolitan areas.
Climbing the income ladder occurs less often in the Southeast and industrial Midwest, the data shows, with the odds notably low in Atlanta, Charlotte, Memphis, Raleigh, Indianapolis, Cincinnati and Columbus. By contrast, some of the highest rates occur in the Northeast, Great Plains and West, including in New York, Boston, Salt Lake City, Pittsburgh, Seattle and large swaths of California and Minnesota.
“Where you grow up matters,” said Nathaniel Hendren, a Harvard economist and one of the study’s authors. “There is tremendous variation across the U.S. in the extent to which kids can rise out of poverty.”
That variation does not stem simply from the fact that some areas have higher average incomes: upward mobility rates, Mr. Hendren added, often differ sharply in areas where average income is similar, like Atlanta and Seattle.
The gaps can be stark. On average, fairly poor children in Seattle — those who grew up in the 25th percentile of the national income distribution — do as well financially when they grow up as middle-class children — those who grew up at the 50th percentile — from Atlanta.
Geography mattered much less for well-off children than for middle-class and poor children, according to the results. In an economic echo of Tolstoy’s line about happy families being alike, the chances that affluent children grow up to be affluent are broadly similar across metropolitan areas.
What they found surprised them, said Raj Chetty, one of the authors and the most recent winner of the John Bates Clark Medal, which the American Economic Association awards to the country’s best academic economist under the age of 40. The researchers concluded that larger tax credits for the poor and higher taxes on the affluent seemed to improve income mobility only slightly. The economists also found only modest or no correlation between mobility and the number of local colleges and their tuition rates or between mobility and the amount of extreme wealth in a region.
But the researchers identified four broad factors that appeared to affect income mobility, including the size and dispersion of the local middle class. All else being equal, upward mobility tended to be higher in metropolitan areas where poor families were more dispersed among mixed-income neighborhoods.
Income mobility was also higher in areas with more two-parent households, better elementary schools and high schools, and more civic engagement, including membership in religious and community groups.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/22/business/in-climbing-income-ladder-location-matters.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
A large new study is about to overturn the findings of Moving to Opportunity. Based on the earnings records of millions of families that moved with children, it finds that poor children who grow up in some cities and towns have sharply better odds of escaping poverty than similar poor children elsewhere.
The feelings heard across Baltimore’s recent protests — of being trapped in poverty — seem to be backed up by the new data. Among the nation’s 100 largest counties, the one where children face the worst odds of escaping poverty is the city of Baltimore, the study found.
The city is especially harsh for boys: Low-income boys who grew up there in recent decades make roughly 25 percent less as adults than similar low-income boys who were born in the city and moved as small children to an average place.
Beyond Baltimore, economists say the study offers perhaps the most detailed portrait yet of upward mobility — and the lack of it. The findings suggest that geography does not merely separate rich from poor but also plays a large role in determining which poor children achieve the so-called American dream.
How neighborhoods affect children “has been a quandary with which social science has been grappling for decades,” said David B. Grusky, director of the Center on Poverty and Inequality at Stanford University, who was not involved in the research. “This delivers the most compelling evidence yet that neighborhoods matter in a really big way.”
Raj Chetty, one of the study’s authors, has presented the findings to members of the Obama administration, as well as to Hillary Rodham Clinton and Jeb Bush, both of whom have signaled that mobility will be central themes of their 2016 presidential campaigns. After more than 15 years of mostly mediocre economic growth and rising income inequality, many families say they are frustrated and anxious about trying to get ahead.
“The data shows we can do something about upward mobility,” said Mr. Chetty, a Harvard professor, who conducted the main study along with Nathaniel Hendren, also a Harvard economist. “Every extra year of childhood spent in a better neighborhood seems to matter.”
The places where poor children face the worst odds include some — but not all — of the nation’s largest urban areas, like Atlanta; Chicago; Los Angeles; Milwaukee; Orlando, West Palm Beach and Tampa in Florida; Austin, Tex.; the Bronx; and the parts of Manhattan with low-income neighborhoods.
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/04/upshot/an-atlas-of-upward-mobility-shows-paths-out-of-poverty.html?_r=0&abt=0002&abg=0
The places most conducive to upward mobility include large cities — San Francisco, San Diego, Salt Lake City, Las Vegas and Providence, R.I. — and major suburban counties, such as Fairfax, Va.; Bergen, N.J.; Bucks, Pa.; Macomb, Mich.; Worcester, Mass.; and Contra Costa, Calif.
These places tend to share several traits, Mr. Hendren said. They have elementary schools with higher test scores, a higher share of two-parent families, greater levels of involvement in civic and religious groups and more residential integration of affluent, middle-class and poor families.
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/04/upshot/an-atlas-of-upward-mobility-shows-paths-out-of-poverty.html
I see hope for Pakistan in the following part of Natiq's essay "How democracy works in Pakistani villages" describing chances of upward mobility:
There is a high school in my village where about a 1,000 boys and girls from neighboring villages study. We lived nearby and I graduated from there.
The road to the school is a long stretch of dust and potholes. Every time it rains you feel like getting a boat. The children wade through a river of mud to school. The road could have been fixed, but the local political broker did not allow it because my extended family disobeyed his decree and voted for someone else.
I got my undergraduate and master’s degrees through long-distance learning and worked as a mason for 15 years, along with numerous odd jobs. Along with mixing cement, mortar and bricks, I read widely and wrote poems and short stories. Eventually I was hired at a literary institute in Islamabad and published my first collection of poetry in 2010.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/16/opinion/pakistan-elections-villages-military.html
A recently released World Bank report has claimed that the chance of escaping poverty is now roughly the same in India as it is in the U.S.
https://www.newsweek.com/indian-dream-world-bank-says-social-mobility-india-comparable-us-301088
The report, called Addressing Inequality in South Asia, compares the share of consumption among three developing countries - Vietnam, Bangladesh and India - and the United States, divided along transitioning class lines - moving out of poverty, those moving from poverty into the middle class, falling back to poverty, falling out of middle class. The findings of the analysis were that “within the same generation, mobility in earnings - measured by the ability to move out of poverty and into the middle class - is comparable to that of the United States
The report says that India between 2004-05 and 2009-10, 15% of the total population also moved above the poverty line. By these measures, the report claims “upward mobility within a generation in.... India was comparable to that of dynamic societies such as the United States.”
The report attributed much of India’s upward mobility to increased urbanisation in the country, stating in a summary: “Urban jobs have become a ticket to the middle class. Upward mobility is much stronger in cities, where even self-employment and casual work can lead to substantial gains in consumption.”
Pakistan is among the most upwardly mobile nations in the world, according to a new Standard Chartered Bank study titled "Climbing the Prosperity Ladder".
The Standard Chartered study looks into social mobility, financial proficiency and digital savviness among 11,000 emerging affluent consumers in China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Singapore, South Korea and the UAE. 34% of Pakistani respondents said their incomes have increased by more than 50% over the last 5 years while 44% said they have seen 10% or more income growth in the last year.
China, India and Pakistan:
Standard Chartered study talks about the "fast-growing economies of China, India and Pakistan are providing abundant opportunities for scaling the social pyramid". Here's an excerpt of the Standard Chartered report:
The fast-growing economies of China, India and Pakistan are providing abundant opportunities for scaling the social pyramid. Leading the way, in both China and India 67% of the emerging affluent are experiencing positive social mobility, while Pakistan is not far behind with 64%. Of the emerging affluent in these countries, India and Pakistan both have more than one in 10 (11%) that are experiencing supercharged social mobility, versus 7% in China. Strong earnings progression is fueling impressive rates of social mobility in all three countries. Many of the socially mobile have benefitted from a salary increase of 50% or more in the last five years – 34% in Pakistan, followed by 30% in India and 26% in China. This gap could widen, with India and Pakistan more optimistic about their future salaries than their Chinese counterparts. Almost half of the socially mobile in Pakistan (48%) and India (46%) predict another earnings increase of 50% or more in the next five years, whereas less than three in 10 (29%) expect the same in China. While the emerging affluent in China are more cautious about salary growth than their counterparts in fast-growing Pakistan and India, workplace remuneration is just one side of the social mobility equation. Education has been considered crucial to improving social standing in China for a long time, but the generational shift towards university access among the socially mobile is larger than any other market: more than nine in 10 have attended university (91%), compared to 34% of their fathers and 29% of their mothers
https://www.riazhaq.com/2018/10/standard-chartered-bank-pakistan-among.html
Pakistan's 2012 Economy Estimated at $401 Billion
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Claire Foy Tells Us (And Andrew Garfield) She Needs To Get Buff To Play Lisbeth ...
Claire Foy Tells Us (And Andrew Garfield) She Needs To Get Buff To Play Lisbeth Salander
After months of casting rumors, Sony Pictures finally made things official on Friday: Claire Foy will take on the iconic role of Lisbeth Salander in The Girl In the Spider’s Web. The Golden Globe-winner star of The Crown succeeds Noomi Rapace and Rooney Mara in the role of Lisbeth in the Girl With the Dragon Tattoo series. Don’t Breathe director Fede Alvarez is set to helm the project, which will begin production in Berlin early next year.
However, just days prior to her casting announcement, MTV News caught up with Foy at the Toronto International Film Festival, where she was promoting her new film Breathe with co-star Andrew Garfield. When asked Foy if there were any truth to those Girl With the Dragon Tattoo sequel rumours, she played it coy. Garfield, on the other had, did not.
“Who’s Lisbeth Salander?” Garfield asked, to which Foy replied, “Lisbeth Salander is innocent.” Things get even weirder from there, with Garfield asking, “Are you going to be the Girl With the Dragon Tatoosday?”
Wait. What? “I don’t know,” he said.
Still, Foy did say that preparing for a role like Lisbeth Salander would probably require getting “lots of tattoos” and, you know, “being buff.” But don’t expect Foy to be getting a tattoo anytime soon, unless she and Garfield really do end up getting matching tattoos. When it comes to permanently inking her body, the actress said, “I don’t know what I’d get one of, and I’d probably want to wash it off.”
Maybe once she sees how awesome Lisbeth’s ink looks on her, she’ll reconsider.
Breathe hits theatres October 13.
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New £400,000 surgery brings state-of-the-art service to Spen, Batley and Dewsbury patients
Cook Lane: MP Tracy Brabin cuts the ribbon with Dr Jabbar and Dr Khan, practice manager Melanie Lockwood with patients from the surgery
A new state-of-the-art £400,000 surgery is taking a medical practice serving people in Spen, Batley and Dewsbury into a new era.
Batley and Spen MP Tracy Brabin cut the ribbon to open Cook Lane Surgery, Heckmondwike, bringing improvements in service and building upon four decades of experience under partners Dr Nasar Khan and Dr Adnam Jabbar.
The medical team have moved into the new premises from Albion Street Surgery, a building which was in need of repair and was not meeting the needs of the local community using its services, said practice manager Melanie Lockwood.
She said the team was thrilled at the exciting move and hoped the surgery could make its mark in Heckmondwike and surrounding areas by providing excellent patient care through the NHS.
The building, the former Brookroyd Surgery, has been completely refurbished thanks to funding from the Clinical Care Comissioning Group in North Kirklees.
Melanie said: “The surgery is state-of-the-art. We can do minor surgery here and hold different clinics, such as, for example, opthalomology and “triple A” abdominal aortic aneuryrism screening for men over the age of 65.”
Tracy Brabin MP said: “It was an honour to be asked to open the newly refurbished surgery. I was very encouraged to see the resources that are being used in the surgery, as well as hearing the nurses talk about their preventative work and their support for women’s health and wellbeing. I hope this practise has continued success and I look forward to working with them in the future.”
Confusion over what new “place based” initiative actually is
Drunk driver sexually assaulted PCSO at crash scene after drinking four bottles of whisky
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STEM Publishing: J. N. Darby: Brief Notes on the Epistle to the Philippians
Brief Notes on the Epistle to the Philippians
The Epistle to the Philippians presents the development of two distinct subjects. On the one hand it shews us the ties of affection which exist between the Lord's servant and those to whom he had been blessed; and, on the other, Christian experience. It is perhaps the only epistle which treats of the experience of the Christian. We thus see the completeness of God's word; in it every subject has its own proper place.
Chapter 1:5-7. "I have you in my heart" ought rather to be translated, "Ye have me in your hearts." The meaning of this verse is this: "It is righteous for me to think thus as to you (that is, that I should have confidence in the completion of the good work begun in you), since ye have me in your hearts."
"Ye are all partakers of my grace." This signifies that they were all participators in the grace that rested on him. Everyone has not a gift of ministry; but by grace, whoever loves the Lord participates in the gospel.
Verse 10. "That ye may approve things that are excellent" - that is, that differ and so are the best. There may be a regular walk, which does not perhaps shew enough of that delicacy and regard which the love of Christ teaches, and by which God is glorified.
Verse 11. "The fruit of righteousness" - that is, such fruit as would have been found in the life of Christ Himself.
Verse 12. "The things which happened unto me . . . for the furtherance of the gospel." All the difficulties resulting from Paul's absence only turned out for good; Christ was more abundantly preached; the Philippians were taking courage, the gospel was carried before Caesar, etc. And Paul was rejoicing when he saw that the efforts of Satan were contributing to the progress of the gospel.
Verse 16. Who are the preachers pointed out in this verse? All that is said is, that they preached Christ in a bad spirit. They might be persons who had too little spiritually to dare to act when Paul was present, but availed themselves of his absence to come forward.
Verse 19. "For I know that this shall turn to my salvation" - that is, shall contribute to my final victory over the enemy.
172 Does the apostle refer in these words to the hope he had of being delivered from his bonds? I do not think that he does. The word "salvation" is used for our complete deliverance, and not merely for passing deliverances which we may experience by the way. Salvation is an absolute thing; it is the final result of the race. It is well to maintain the sense of this word; because we have here the key to the whole epistle. If there be not a salvation at the end of the race, of what avail is the priesthood of Christ?
Verses 20, 21 are the same subject. Whatever may be Caesar's decision about me - whatever may await me, be it life or death, it works salvation to me, says the apostle; my race is accomplished through such circumstances. If life be left me, I will labour for the church; if death be my portion, I will die for Christ, for His name; as to this, Christ will decide. As regarded himself, Paul wished to die. Having death before him, he had, so to speak, attained his Gethsemane; and thus he had confidence that the Christ who had been glorified in his life would be also glorified in his death.
Verse 21. "For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain." Christ was all in Paul's life. If Paul lived, it was by Christ and for Christ. Therefore to die would be better; he would be most entirely with Him.
Verses 25, 26. Paul decides his own case; he decides it in the sense of the good and profit of the church. Neither Caesar nor his court would decide it, but Christ; and He would do it in the interest of the church. Paul in this shews the most elevated faith.
Verse 27. "The faith of the gospel." In this expression Paul personifies the gospel. He sees the gospel carrying on warfare in the world, and the saints carrying on warfare for Christ, associating it with that Person. The epistles of Paul present several instances in which the gospel is thus personified.
Verse 28. "Of salvation." Here again salvation is looked at as the result of the race.
Verses 29, 30. Paul on one side, the Philippians on the other, were in the warfare, and they had - all of them - salvation before them.
Chapter 2. We see further on that the Philippians had sent help to Paul. While expressing his satisfaction, he insinuated, but with caution, that they might have done so sooner; chap. 4:10. Here, with the same delicacy, he says, "If it be true that there are any bowels and mercies, if it be true (which he did not doubt) that ye have my joy at heart, fulfil ye that joy, by thinking the same thing," etc.
173 Verses 3, 4. Above all else, the heart of Paul desired that unity might be maintained among the saints; and, as a means of maintaining happy harmony, he recommends humility, which teaches the Christian to esteem himself to be least of all.
Verse 5. Paul, doubtless, will find an echo in the hearts of the Philippians, but he wished to give them higher motives than those which related only to himself. To this end he places before their eyes the humiliation of the Lord Jesus, who, being God, yet became man and servant; and was obedient even unto the death of the cross.
Verses 5-11. In these verses, although the thing is not said in express terms, there is, it seems to me, a contrast between Christ and Adam. Adam - man - in wishing to exalt himself to be like God, was disobedient unto death; Christ - who was God - emptied Himself, taking the form of a bondman, and, even when He was in fashion as a man, became obedient and obeyed even unto death. There are two degrees in Christ's humiliation. He first strips Himself of His own glory, and becomes a man: then, being man, He goes down even unto the death of the cross.
Verse 10. "That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow." The name of Jesus is a personal name - Jah-Oshua* (Jehoshua) - Jehovah - Saviour. It is the name of His Person. The name "Christ" expresses a title - that of a man who is appointed. Independently of any title, Jesus possesses His own proper personal claim to supremacy over all things. He is God. The deity of Jesus occupies in the New Testament a much greater place than is generally observed.
{*See Numbers 13:16.}
But as man Jesus has also a glory which He receives, the glory which results from His humiliation - "God also hath highly exalted him."
All things are subjected under the lordship of Christ - things heavenly, and earthly, and infernal (which are under the earth). This third class has no part in the reconciliation of "all things," as they are mentioned in Colossians 11:20.
Verses 12, 13. The emphasis in verse 12 is on these words: "not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence." If, Paul being absent and retained in prison, the Philippians were deprived of him, God would suffice; He is never absent.
174 "Work out your own salvation" - not your acceptance, but your salvation. Apply yourselves to the things which become persons who look for salvation. Be watchful, lest anything should lead you out of your way, for your path is strewed with difficulties. Here, as in the preceding instances, salvation is looked at as the end of the race. We never find in the Epistle to the Philippians that the Christian is viewed as possessing that which is a matter of faith - a very remarkable thing; unless we discern it in the believer on his way and striving for salvation, it is unintelligible.
Paul, when he was called, saw the Lord in glory. He knew that he would one day be in that glory with his Master, and like Him. Hence, until he reached this, he felt that nothing could entirely satisfy him, and, moved by heavenly affections, he pressed on towards that blessed moment.
The Christian, through grace, is placed on the same road. At the starting-point he is reconciled with God; and that reconciliation has become in its turn the starting-point for his other blessings. Now the Lord, in calling that Christian with a heavenly calling, has put into his heart spiritual affections; grace has formed a relationship between the Christian who is on earth and Jesus who is on high. But if this blessed relationship is not sustained, the heavenly affections in the heart of a child of God become dormant and cold affections. The assurance of salvation might remain perhaps, but isolated; all spiritual affections are lost.
"With fear and trembling." We meet with difficulties on the road, though indeed we are sure to arrive. Although the race be not the title of our acceptance, still that race is none the less a serious and important thing. What a privilege and what an honour to be God's instruments in the conflict engaged with Satan! But what a responsibility also! One cannot stand firm in this conflict if one is careless, if we act in a bad spirit, if we yield to the flesh, etc.
Verse 14. Translate, "Without murmurings and reasonings."
Verse 15. Translate, "Ye appear as lights."
Verse 17. It is, "If also I am poured out as a libation."
Verses 25-30. What a contrast between the feelings of Paul, and those which he knew to exist in the Philippians respecting Epaphroditus, with the mass of ice to which Christianity has been reduced in these days! How quick and coldly one says of a departed Christian, "He is happy." Of course Epaphroditus, if he had died of his sickness, would have departed happy to be in the bosom of Jesus. And Paul would assuredly have been resigned in seeing the departure of his brother; but his recovery filled Paul's heart with joy.
175 Chapter 3. This chapter forms a kind of parenthesis, at least after the first verses. Paul interrupts the subject of brotherly intercourse to give us the beautiful developments of the heavenly calling, which we notice in this portion of the epistle. He then draws from those developments some teaching for the Philippians; and by this he comes to chapter 4, the exhortations and spiritual communications of which form a sequel to those of chapter 2.
Verse 2. "Beware of dogs." That is, of those who do evil shamelessly.
Verse 3. We see in this verse three features which characterise the service of the Christian. One worships God in [by the] Spirit, not in carnal ceremonies; one boasts in Christ Jesus, and not in man; one has the Lord, and therefore has no confidence in the flesh.
Verses 4-6. The flesh finds means, even in the things instituted by God, to do many things in order to exalt oneself.
Verse 7. Paul's doctrine presents the abiding fact, that the last Adam has all superiority over the first, and the Spirit over the flesh. One cannot retain anything of the first Adam without detriment to the last.
Verses 7, 8. Always that which is before - "to gain Christ" - to reach unto Him. Had Paul reached Christ? Not absolutely. As to his soul, he had; he is with the Lord; but not as to the body. The resurrection has not yet taken place.
Verse 8. "I have suffered the loss of all things." What things? Those which the flesh values - things like those which the apostle tells us he had given up.
Verse 9. "Found in him." When? Rather at the end of the race.
Having "the righteousness which is of God." To be in Christ in order to have that righteousness, and not to possess righteousness as a means to get Christ. Such is the order in which things present themselves to Paul when it is a question of the heavenly calling and of the race. Mark well, he wished not for the righteousness of the law, not because he cannot attain to it (which, however, would be true); but because in Christ he had something better than that. The righteousness of the law, had he been able to attain to it, would hinder his possessing Christ - so he will not have it.
176 Verses 9, 10, present two things - to be in Him, and to know Him.
Verse 10. Paul points out in this verse the means by which he would arrive at the resurrection from among the dead and attain Christ. When he had laid hold of the power of the resurrection, he can pass through death and not before.
Verse 12. A fact which precedes all others is that before taking a single step in this path Paul had been taken possession of by Christ. He had been taken possession of by Christ - for Christ Jesus.
Verse 14. "Toward the mark" - always this aim - the glorious Christ towards whom the race tends.
Verses 15, 16. The degree to which one has attained in the knowledge of Christ is not the rule of unity; the saints must be able to walk together, whatever difference there may be between them as to the extent of that knowledge. Let not the strong in receiving the weak require from him a state to which he has himself attained: and let not the weak lay down the limit unto which he has arrived, as the rule for others. Let us walk together: and as to that which goes beyond the measure to which we have attained, God will teach us.
Could it be that a Christian might not finish his course? In some respects it might so happen: or, at least, the course would not be finished in the way that was intended. Nevertheless such a case was foreseen in God's counsels. Ananias and Sapphira furnish perhaps a similar instance. There are some who make shipwreck, who fail as to faith, as to the doctrine that faith receives, without its being said on that account that they had abandoned their faith. Having in view this danger, Paul recommended Timothy to maintain faith and a good conscience; to hold fast the truth of God as well as that uprightness of heart in which the soul judges itself, and abides in the presence of God, ever open under His eye. If a good conscience fails, the enemy finds an entrance, and faith is in danger.
There is a crown of righteousness promised to those who love the Lord's appearing. Why is it called a crown of righteousness? Because it will be given to those to whom it is righteous to give it, "which the Lord the righteous judge shall give me," 2 Tim. 4:8. "God is not unrighteous to forget your work and labour of love which ye have shewed towards his name," Heb. 6:10.
177 Verses 18, 19. "Who are the many whose walk made Paul weep?" They are rather professors than real Christians; those perhaps in the beginning of the chapter. I should feel a difficulty in saying in an absolute way as applying it to Christians - "whose end is destruction."
These two verses have this importance, that they may indicate the period when Christendom will have gone beyond Christianity. We see in the First Epistle to the Corinthians, that the saints are warned of this danger; chap. 10. And in this epistle we find that the very presence of evil is already stated.
Verses 20, 21. Here again salvation is presented as a future thing. "We look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus." He is coming in glory to receive us into that glory. This is the goal towards which we run.
Chapter 4. Paul now returns to exhortations.
Verse 3. "Thee also, true yokefellow." It was, doubtless, the one who carried the letter, Epaphroditus. Literally, "Help them [those] who have contended along with me." It is a recommendation to help the women who had contended in the gospel. Euodia and Syntyche were of that number.
Verse 7. "The peace of God . . . shall keep your hearts." The peace of God is that peace in which God Himself is. We read, not that our hearts keep that peace, but that it keeps our hearts.
Verses 8, 9. In walking according to the exhortations of the apostle, the Philippians would find God with them - the God of peace.
Verse 10. "Your care of me hath flourished again." It is a slight reproach, which Paul softens by adding, "wherein ye were also careful, but ye lacked opportunity."
Verses 12, 13. It is often in a very abstract way that one says, "I can do all things." While Paul says, "I can do all things," he adds, "I have learned," "I am instructed."
Verse 19. "My God" - that faithful God, whose faithfulness Paul had felt so often. It is with this feeling of gratitude that Paul says, "My God."
178 REMARKS.
In the race which the Lord has opened to faith, the Christian finds himself individually engaged, and his responsibility finds its place. The Christian, it is true, is no longer before God in the condition of a man with his sins. But, in virtue of the new position which grace has made unto him, he has entered upon a new and different responsibility. He has practically to answer all the privileges which are vouchsafed to him. He has to walk in the Spirit, to press towards the goal, to shew himself worthy of his calling, and as a child of God to walk in love, etc.
The day of Christ will shew in what manner that child of God has run. It is while he runs the race that he has to watch, lest anything should stop him, or turn him aside from his road. He meets with hindrances, and may perhaps find them even in the unfaithful state of God's people. It is for him to watch; the delay of others could not justify His own; the race is an individual things.
Nevertheless, in the Book of Numbers, which presents the going through the wilderness, do we not see a people on their march? This is true, but we must observe, that in the heavenly calling, of which we are partakers, God has formed a relationship with each of His saints; and that relationship is infinitely more developed than it could have been with the Israelites in the wilderness.
The reward at the end of the race is never the motive given to make us enter on the course; it is an encouragement to persevere when one is already engaged therein. Jesus Himself knew these encouragements - "Who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame," Heb. 12.
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303 W. St Mary's Street, PO Box 456, Minooka IL 60447 | 815-467-2233
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This article was taken from the Minooka/Channahon Life Newspaper
New pastor brings unique look at life, faith
Van Nguyen believes he is example of why ‘God is awesome’
By Kris Stadalsky — Shaw Media Correspondent
Created: Tuesday, September 3, 2013 11:15 a.m. CDT
Updated: Tuesday, September 3, 2013 11:26 a.m. CDT
Father Tuan Van Nguyen stands at St. Mary’s Catholic Church in Minooka. Van Nguyen, who survived a journey out of South Vietnam when he was 18, joined the local parish in June 2012. (Kris Stadalsky photo for Shaw Media )
MINOOKA — When Father Tuan Van Nguyen visited his homeland of South Vietnam two years ago to celebrate 25 years as a priest, it was a joyful yet emotional time for him.
Tuan made the journey from Minooka all the way to Phan Thiet, the town in which he grew up, to celebrate with family and friends in the church where he received his sacraments as a young boy.
As the new pastor of St. Mary’s Catholic Church in Minooka – he joined the parish June 2012, Tuan now calls Minooka his home. It’s been a long journey for Tuan, sometimes difficult and uncertain, but one he says is more about God than himself.
Tuan was born and raised in a fishing village in South Vietnam. He was one of nine brothers and sisters who lost both parents at a young age.
While his country had been at war for nearly his entire life, when the communists took over South Vietnam in 1975 the 18-year-old Tuan escaped the country in a fishing boat with his older sister and brother-in-law.
“When communists took over, they closed the school and confiscated it. They closed the church,” Tuan said. “It was a period of turmoil, uncertainty and doubt in our lives.”
Afraid of being drafted into the communist party or being sent to a concentration or labor camp, the three joined 34 others to escape the country. Tuan’s sister was six months pregnant.
They had to sneak out of town, hide in the brush and quietly wait until a small fishing boat picked them up on the beach.
“We were in fear of being arrested,” he said.
Two of his other sisters had twice attempted to escape the country, were caught, arrested and held for a time.
Out at sea, in a cramped fishing boat, they faced three ferocious storms that had taken many other boats down along with their occupants.
During the trip, they encountered a Russian oil tanker and everyone aboard the boat had to hide in the little cabins below so it appeared to be just a fishing boat, Tuan said.
For 10 days, 37 people on a tiny boat withstood the brutal sea, fearing both drowning and being caught.
“The important thing, as I reflect on the journey, is I see the hand of God. It was God who saved us,” Tuan said. “So many people lost their lives in the ocean.”
When they arrived in Malaysia, they were taken to a refugee camp. While they were supplied food and cared for by the American Red Cross, they were never allowed to leave the camp, which was surrounded by fencing and locked.
During his 10 months in the camp, Tuan spent his time studying English. They had to wait for a country to accept them and someone to sponsor them.
He was too young to think too deeply about his future or even the present, but under the guidance of his sister and brother-in-law, he just accepted what was happening.
In July 1977, now four of them – his niece was born in the refugee camp — were brought to Illinois. They were sponsored by a cousin of Tuan’s brother in law with assistance from Catholic Charities. They first settled in Wood Dale.
“I was so shocked, everything was new, it was a totally new world to me,” Tuan said.
In Wood Dale, Tuan was taken under the wing of Father Bill Ryan of Holy Ghost Church. He helped the family get an apartment, get funding and the essentials they needed. He was also the one Tuan spoke to about going into the seminary.
“I owe my life to God and I want to give back what God has given to me,” Tuan said. “That’s the reason I wanted to give my life to God as a priest. I always say God is an awesome God.”
Tuan went to St. Charles Borromeo Pastoral Center in Joliet for a year, spent four years in college seminary at St. Meinrad in Indiana and another four years at St. Mary of the Lake in Mundelein.
He was ordained in June 1986 at the Cathedral of St. Raymond Nonnatus in Joliet. He served for six years at St. Mary’s in Downer’s Grove, four years at St. Francis of Assisi in Bolingbrook and 16 years at St. Alexander in Villa Park before coming to Minooka.
Since his own journey began 38 years ago, Tuan has sponsored other members of his family to come to the United States. Two of his brothers also escaped via fishing boats. Only his two older sisters remain in Vietnam. Now he has many grand nieces and nephews to be proud of.
When Tuan returned to his boyhood home in 2011 to celebrate, it was a joyful day but he also felt the sadness of not having his parents there to celebrate with him.
“I wished my parents were there; then it hit me they are in heaven watching,” he said. “I felt so blessed to be there to celebrate at the church where I was baptized and received my sacraments.”
Tuan has felt right at home since he came to Minooka and St. Mary’s Church. He was a bit nervous at first, but the loving, faith-filled parishioners have made him feel right at home.
“The love of the people in the parish makes so much of a difference in the lives of the priest. I feel so comfortable with them, I love them and I know they love me,” he said.
“It’s been a long journey, but I am committed to it. I love what I do as a priest and I wouldn’t trade it for anything. It’s about God, not about me.”
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St Michaels School > Jill Aisher – Biography
Jill Aisher – Headteacher
With over thirty years as a serving teacher and twenty-five in leadership roles across schools, working with children from Nursery age to those preparing for Oxbridge entry, Jill brings experience, knowledge and understanding of the whole school career of a child. As a linguist she is fascinated by all that can be learnt about others and this translates into a strong focus at St Michael’s on being outward looking within the curriculum and the partnership work of the school.
Her career falls into two parts; working in selective state grammar schools then moving into senior leadership in the independent sector, working as Deputy Head of Newton Prep, a large selective co-educational school in Battersea, then as Headteacher of St Nicholas Preparatory School, an inclusive 3-11 Preparatory School in the cultural heart of London, before the lure of the countryside became irresistible. Outside of school she enjoys theatre, music and travel, time with friends, walking, birdwatching, reading and learning new things including the harp.
Jill has three children of her own; Peter, 29, an opera singer at the Landestheater, Coburg, Jack, 27, a DJ and music producer working as Jack LNDN in Colorado and Emily, 22, who is currently studying for a law degree and employed part time as Data Officer at St Michael’s. Jill has been married to Johnny for just over three decades and he has been a loyal senior employee of John Lewis for almost as long.
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25-27 Nov 2019
Hilton Worldwide to Welcome Guests at the Home of Lancashire County Cricket Club
Hilton Garden Inn Emirates Old Trafford to Open in 2017
Hilton Worldwide is preparing to bring its Hilton Garden Inn brand to one of the UK’s top sporting venues, under a franchise agreement with Lancashire County Cricket Club (LCCC).
Construction of Hilton Garden Inn Emirates Old Trafford is expected to begin later this year, before the hotel welcomes its first guests in early 2017.
Patrick Fitzgibbon, senior vice president, development, Europe & Africa, Hilton Worldwide, said, “Our presence at top UK sporting venues is growing, and Hilton Garden Inn Emirates Old Trafford will be another impressive addition to our portfolio, joining Hilton Wembley, Hilton at St George’s Park, DoubleTree by Hilton Milton Keynes, and Hilton at the Ageas Bowl, which is due to open this year. The hotel will play an important role in enhancing the growing mixed-use offer at Emirates Old Trafford, which has established itself as a thriving business and leisure hub.”
Chairman of Lancashire County Cricket Club, Michael Cairns OBE, said: “We are delighted to be working with Hilton Worldwide in this franchise agreement. The Old Trafford Lodge is now 16 years old and has been a great asset to Lancashire County Cricket Club. However, due to the growth in our conference and events business at Emirates Old Trafford the time has now come to capitalise on the value and suitability of our location and to construct a high quality branded 150-room hotel which will complement our stunning venue. This is another example of a global, world class brand partnering with Lancashire County Cricket Club following our naming rights agreement with Emirates – and we look forward to a hugely successful future together.”
Emirates Old Trafford has been home to Lancashire County Cricket Club for more than 150 years and has played host to a wide range of international sporting, business and entertainment events. Once construction is complete, the hotel will offer 150 guest rooms, spread over five floors, and a 24 hour fitness centre.
Adrian Kurre, global head, Hilton Garden Inn, said, “Hilton Garden Inn is now present in more than 600 locations globally, and we are looking forward to bringing our upscale yet affordable brand to Emirates Old Trafford. The surrounding area benefits from robust demand for quality hotel accommodation, and Hilton Garden Inn Emirates Old Trafford will offer a new standard for guests visiting the LCCC and its many nearby attractions.”
Each Hilton Garden Inn offers guests complimentary Wi-Fi throughout the hotel, a 24 hour business centre, and a range of dining options. Hilton Garden Inn Emirates Old Trafford will include a restaurant, bar and The Pavilion Pantry® which will serve snacks throughout the day.
Meet Lancashire County Cricket Club at TheStadiumBusiness Summit 2015 in Barcelona this June. Enquire here for more info.
Thank you for a great conference, which gave us several potential suppliers for our new stadium
Janus Khyl Director, FC Helsingor
Everyone is so generous with their insights and knowledge.
Kirsten Lees Partner, Grimshaw
You get people from all over the world; architects from Brazil or the states, owners from clubs in Europe and design experts and project teams... and it’s absolutely fantastic
Daniel Gidney Chief Executive, Lancashire County Cricket Club, UK
My colleague and I agreed it was one of the slickest, most professional events we have ever attended, well done to you and your team.
Jason Maher Director, Condy Lofthouse Architects
A fantastic couple of days. wonderfully organised. Slick and professional. A week later, people are still saying how good it was.
Patrick Donoghue Sales Director, Ferco Seating
We’d heard good things about this conference so we thought we would just give it a go... we’re very pleased we did and we're definitely going to attend the show next year
Gordon Bolton Managing Director, Bleep, UK
Speaker Preview
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TheStadiumBusiness Design & Development Summit is delivered and owned by Xperiology.com. The Summit is the world’s leading gathering of professionals involved in the design, construction, refurbishment and management of major sports venues.
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Most played PC games
Spotify's premium subscribers 2015-2019
Number of World of Warcraft subscribers
Global all time unit sales of Call of Duty franchise games as of February 2019
Advertising spending in the U.S. 2015-2022
Video Game Industry - Statistics & Facts
Film Industry - Statistics & Facts
Media & Advertising›
Books & Publishing›
Local newspaper employment from 2013 to 2017
Number of employees for local newspapers in the United States from 2013 to 2017 (in thousands)
by Amy Watson, last edited May 16, 2019
The statistic shows the number of employees for local newspapers in the United States from 2013 to 2017. According to the report, 25 thousand people worked for local newspapers in the United States in 2017.
see supplementary notes
The survey was conducted among all 1,683 operating, non-satellite television stations and a random sample of 3,542 radio stations. Valid responses came from 1,333 television stations (79.2%) and 415 radio news directors and general managers representing 1,110 radio stations. Some data sets (e.g. the number of TV stations originating local news, getting it from others and women TV news directors) are based on a complete census and are not projected from a smaller sample.
No data available for 2016.
Newspaper Industry
Books & Publishing
Leading newspapers in the U.S. 2017-2019, by circulation
Paid circulation of daily newspapers in the U.S. 1985-2018
U.S. media use: time spent reading newspapers 2010-2018
Level of trust in The Washington Post in the United States as of April 2018
Everything On "Journalism" in One Document: Edited and Divided into Handy Chapters. Including Detailed References.
Newspaper industry in the U.S.
I think of Statista as Google for researchers. Statista provides you with the information you search for right away.
Dr. Horst Stipp
EVP, Research & Innovation, Advertising Research Foundation
Statistics on "Newspaper industry in the U.S."
Global industry overview
U.S. industry overview
Newspaper circulation revenue worldwide from 2012 to 2017, by platformNewspaper circulation revenue worldwide 2012-2017, by platform
Print daily newspaper circulation worldwide from 2013 to 2017 (in million units)Worldwide print newspaper circulation 2013-2017
Compound annual growth rate of the global media and entertainment spending between 2017 and 2022, by sectorGrowth of the global media and entertainment spending 2017-2022, by sector
Compound annual growth rate of global newspaper industry revenue between 2015 and 2020, by platformGrowth of the global newspaper revenue 2015-2020, by platform
Forecast of Digital Media revenue by segment worldwide from 2017 to 2023 (in million U.S. dollar)Forecast of Digital Media revenue by segment worldwide 2017-2023
Number of newspaper readers in worldwide in 2015, by platform (in billions)Global newspaper audience 2015, by platform
Newspaper publishing industry revenue in the United States from 2011 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)Newspaper publishing revenue in the U.S. 2011-2020
Newspaper publishing revenue in the United States from 2010 to 2017, by media type (in million U.S. dollars)U.S. newspaper publishing revenue 2010-2017, by media type
Estimated revenue of newspaper publishers in the United States from 2010 to 2017, by source (in billion U.S. dollars)U.S. newspaper publishers revenue 2010-2017, by source
Estimated expenses of newspaper publishers in the United States from 2010 to 2017 (in billion U.S. dollars)Expenses of U.S. newspaper publishers 2010-2017
Number of establishments in print publishing in the United States from 2007 to 2016, by sectorNumber of establishments in U.S. print publishing 2007-2016, by sector
Number of employees in the newspaper industry in the United States from March 2010 to September 2016Number of employees in the newspaper industry in U.S. 2010-2016
Number of employees for local newspapers in the United States from 2013 to 2017 (in thousands)Local newspaper employment from 2013 to 2017
Compound annual growth rate of the media and entertainment spending in the United States between 2016 and 2021, by sectorGrowth of the media and entertainment spending in the U.S. 2016-2021, by sector
Newspaper advertising spending in North America from 2000 to 2021 (in million U.S. dollars)Newspaper advertising spending in North America 2000-2021
Digital newspaper advertising revenue worldwide from 2013 to 2017 (in billion U.S. dollars)Global digital newspaper advertising revenue 2013-2017
Leading newspaper advertisers in United States in 2017, by ad spend (in million U.S. dollars)Largest newspaper advertisers in the U.S. 2017
Share of consumers who felt annoyed by advertising in printed daily newspapers in the United States as of May 2017U.S. consumers who find print newspaper advertising annoying 2017
Share of consumers who found advertising in printed daily newspapers to be helpful in the United States as of May 2017U.S. consumers who find print newspaper advertising helpful 2017
Share of consumers who have purchased products after seeing a print ad in the United States as of September 2017U.S. consumers who purchased products after seeing a print ad in 2017
Marketing implementation of daily newspapers among small to medium sized enterprise (SME) owners in the United States as of November 2016Daily newspaper advertising adoption among SMEs in the U.S. 2016
Marketing implementation of free newspapers among small to medium sized enterprise (SME) owners in the United States as of November 2016Community newspaper advertising adoption among SMEs in the U.S. 2016
Leading daily newspapers in the United States in September 2017 and January 2019, by circulationLeading newspapers in the U.S. 2017-2019, by circulation
Revenue of selected newspaper publishing companies in the United States in 2017 (in billion U.S. dollars)Revenue of selected U.S. newspaper publishers 2017
New York Times Company's circulation/subscription revenue from 2006 to 2018 (in million U.S. dollars)New York Times Company's circulation revenue 2006-2018
Biggest English-language newspapers on Facebook in January 2017, ranked by total Facebook interactions (in millions)Facebook user engagement of leading English-language newspapers 2017
Revenue of News Corp. worldwide from 2012 to 2018 (in million U.S. dollars)Global revenue of News Corp. 2012-2018
Number of digital only subscribers to selected newspapers worldwide as of 1st quarter 2018 (in 1,000s)Number of solely digital newspaper subscribers worldwide 2018
Change in advertising revenue of selected newspaper publishers in the United States from 2013 to 2016U.S. newspaper publishers: ad revenue decline 2013-2016
Distribution of newspaper media audience in the United States in January 2017, by platformNewspaper readership in the U.S. 2017, by platform
Daily time spent reading newspapers per capita in the United States from 2010 to 2018 (in minutes)U.S. media use: time spent reading newspapers 2010-2018
Average annual expenditure on newspapers and magazines per consumer unit in the United States in 2017 (in U.S. dollars)U.S. household expenditure on newspapers and magazines 2017
Distribution of monthly newspaper reach in the United States in 2016, by ageNewspaper reach in the U.S. 2016, by age
Distribution of print newspaper audience in the United States in 2016, by generationPrint newspaper readership in the U.S. 2016, by age
Distribution of digital newspaper audience in the United States in 2016, by generationDigital newspaper readership in the U.S. 2016, by age
Frequency of reading printed newspapers among consumers in the United States as of May 2017Frequency of reading print newspapers by U.S. consumers 2017
Frequency of reading online newspapers among consumers in the United States as of May 2017Frequency of reading digital newspapers by U.S. consumers 2017
Survey on using local newspapers to stay informed in Denmark 2016
Survey on using local newspapers to stay informed in Denmark 2016, by gender
Survey on using local newspapers to stay informed in Denmark 2016, by age
Attitudes towards local newspapers among internet users and non-users in the UK 2012
Gender distribution in newspaper jobs in the U.S. 2015
Weekly time spent reading local news in Canada in 2014, by age group
Employment in U.S. publishing industries 2001-2019
Employment change in U.S. printing/publishing industries 2008-2017
Newspaper publishing revenue in Denmark from 2011-2020
Number of employees in the newspaper publishing industry in Denmark from 2011-2014
Daily newspaper publishing revenue in Denmark from 2011-2014
Number of employees in the newspaper and magazine industry in Denmark 2008-2016
Market value of the newspapers industry in Canada 2009-2013
Industry revenue of »publishing of newspapers« in Belgium 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »publishing of newspapers« in Hungary 2011-2023
General practitioners employees in Sweden 2006-2016
Paying for local news content U.S. 2018
Proportion of regional Australians seeking local content Australia 2016 by age
Czech Republic: number of employees in the building construction industry 2008-2014
Enterprise employment distribution South Korea 2015, by size
Print media industry
Digital Publishing Industry
Paid content in media
Newspaper industry in the United Kingdom (UK)
Newspaper industry in Italy
Newspaper industry in India
Newspapers in Sweden
Newspapers in Germany
Media usage in Italy
Newspaper reading habits in Italy
Publishing industry in Italy
Media usage in Spain
Printed media in Finland
Newspapers in Australia
Newspapers in Canada
GEDI Gruppo Editoriale
The Expanding News Desert
Newspaper circulation revenue worldwide from 2012 to 2017, by platform
Print daily newspaper circulation worldwide from 2013 to 2017 (in million units)
Compound annual growth rate of the global media and entertainment spending between 2017 and 2022, by sector
Compound annual growth rate of global newspaper industry revenue between 2015 and 2020, by platform
Forecast of Digital Media revenue by segment worldwide from 2017 to 2023 (in million U.S. dollar)
Number of newspaper readers in worldwide in 2015, by platform (in billions)
Newspaper publishing industry revenue in the United States from 2011 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Newspaper publishing revenue in the United States from 2010 to 2017, by media type (in million U.S. dollars)
Estimated revenue of newspaper publishers in the United States from 2010 to 2017, by source (in billion U.S. dollars)
Estimated expenses of newspaper publishers in the United States from 2010 to 2017 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Number of establishments in print publishing in the United States from 2007 to 2016, by sector
Number of employees in the newspaper industry in the United States from March 2010 to September 2016
Compound annual growth rate of the media and entertainment spending in the United States between 2016 and 2021, by sector
Paid circulation of daily newspapers in the United States from 1985 to 2018 (in thousands)
Paid circulation of Sunday newspapers in the United States from 2000 to 2018 (in thousands)
Spanish-language daily newspaper circulation in the United States from 2014 to 2017
African American newspapers average paid circulation in the United States from 2014 to 2018
Newspaper advertising spending in North America from 2000 to 2021 (in million U.S. dollars)
Digital newspaper advertising revenue worldwide from 2013 to 2017 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Leading newspaper advertisers in United States in 2017, by ad spend (in million U.S. dollars)
Share of consumers who felt annoyed by advertising in printed daily newspapers in the United States as of May 2017
Share of consumers who found advertising in printed daily newspapers to be helpful in the United States as of May 2017
Share of consumers who have purchased products after seeing a print ad in the United States as of September 2017
Marketing implementation of daily newspapers among small to medium sized enterprise (SME) owners in the United States as of November 2016
Marketing implementation of free newspapers among small to medium sized enterprise (SME) owners in the United States as of November 2016
Leading daily newspapers in the United States in September 2017 and January 2019, by circulation
Revenue of selected newspaper publishing companies in the United States in 2017 (in billion U.S. dollars)
New York Times Company's circulation/subscription revenue from 2006 to 2018 (in million U.S. dollars)
Biggest English-language newspapers on Facebook in January 2017, ranked by total Facebook interactions (in millions)
Revenue of News Corp. worldwide from 2012 to 2018 (in million U.S. dollars)
Number of digital only subscribers to selected newspapers worldwide as of 1st quarter 2018 (in 1,000s)
Change in advertising revenue of selected newspaper publishers in the United States from 2013 to 2016
Distribution of newspaper media audience in the United States in January 2017, by platform
Daily time spent reading newspapers per capita in the United States from 2010 to 2018 (in minutes)
Average annual expenditure on newspapers and magazines per consumer unit in the United States in 2017 (in U.S. dollars)
Distribution of monthly newspaper reach in the United States in 2016, by age
Distribution of print newspaper audience in the United States in 2016, by generation
Distribution of digital newspaper audience in the United States in 2016, by generation
Frequency of reading printed newspapers among consumers in the United States as of May 2017
Frequency of reading online newspapers among consumers in the United States as of May 2017
Most popular reasons for subscribing to a newspaper in the United States as of March 2017
Share of Americans who have a lot of confidence in newspapers from 2010 to 2018
How trustworthy do you rate The New York Times?
How trustworthy do you rate The Washington Post?
How trustworthy do you rate The Wall Street Journal?
To what extent do you use local newspapers to stay informed about the news and relevant society topics?
Do you agree or disagree with the statement: "I value the local paper because it covers local news"?
Gender distribution in newspaper jobs in United States in 2015
Average weekly time spent reading local news by adults in Canada in 2014, by age group (in hours)
Total employment in U.S. publishing industries* from 2001 to 2019 (in 1,000s)
Change in employment within the printing and publishing industry in the United States between 2008 and 2017
Newspaper publishing revenue in Denmark from 2011 to 2015, with a forecast to 2020 (in million DKK)
Number of employees in daily newspaper publishing industry in Denmark from 2011 to 2014
Daily newspaper publishing revenue in Denmark from 2011 to 2014 (in million DKK)
Number of employees in the newspaper and magazine industry in Denmark from 2008 to 2016
Market value of the newspapers industry in Canada from 2009 to 2013 (in million Canadian dollars)
Industry revenue of »publishing of newspapers« in Belgium from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Industry revenue of »publishing of newspapers« in Hungary from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Number of general practitioners employed in Sweden from 2006 to 2016
Share of adults who have paid for local news content in the past year in the United States as of November 2018
Share of regional Australians seeking local content in Australia in 2016, by age
Total number of employees in the building construction industry in the Czech Republic from 2008 to 2014
Share of enterprises in the South Korean employment market in 2015, by company size
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Expat Tax Advice
Foreign Earned Income Exclusion - FEIE
The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion is the largest tax advantage available to you as an expat. If elected, your first $97,600 ($99,200 in 2014) earned overseas is exempt from income tax, unless you are an employee of the US government. Note that if you are a Foreign Service employee, and your spouse works in the local economy, the exemption still applies for your spouse. The following page is divided in two sections - a brief Executive Summary and Detailed Explanation of the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion.
Executive Summary of Foreign Earned Income Exclusion
In order to benefit from the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion, the taxpayer must meet one of the following two criteria:
1) Work full time inside a foreign country for an entire calendar year- known as the Bona Fide Residence Test
2) Work outside of the United States for at least 330 of any 365 day period - known as the Physical Presence Test
While the two criteria may appear to be similar, they are actually quite different in terms of how they apply to your US expat taxes. US Expats automatically become eligible for the exclusion if they have worked overseas throughout an entire calendar year (January 1st-December 31st). They are then considered a bona fide resident. The second clause can be more confusing when applying to Expatriate tax return.
The second clause essentially means that a person left the United States for business and has not returned for more than 35 days throughout the past twelve months. This clause is not based on a calendar year; it simply refers to any twelve month period (ie April to April or September to September). Also note that it makes no reference to consecutive days; so a US Expat would be considered ineligible if he made several 2-7 day trips back to the US that totaled more than 35 days during the twelve month period in question. The key to meeting the "physical presence test" is to have spent less than 35 days in the US during a 12 month period.
The Deductions
If a person meets either of the above conditions they are allowed to deduct up to $97,600 ($99,200 in 2014) of their foreign earned income from their US expat taxes. If you are married filing jointly, you would be able to deduct up to double that from your US expat taxes. This amount is also indexed for inflation and increases each year. Additionally, you would qualify for the Foreign Housing Deduction as well.
As the name implies, the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion relies solely on foreign income for calculation purposes and the income must be earned. Foreign income from sources such as dividends, interest and rental income are not included since this income is not "earned" in the IRS's view. Additionally, US based income from things such as pensions will not qualify for this exclusion because it was not earned inside a foreign country.
Common Pitfalls
There are some catches and loopholes to the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion, so it is almost always advisable to consult a US Expat tax expert about your specific situation. For example, business owners may be forced to pay the Self-Employment tax inside the US and this is not considered part of the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion. However you may still be able to exclude your earnings after you have paid the self employment tax. Another common scenario for the self employed is when US Expats move to countries where there is a Social Security treaty in place with the United States, like the UK. The US / UK treaty allows you to opt out of Social Security and enroll in the UK National Insurance Plan. By opting out of US social security, you could save about 15% annually on your US expat taxes!
The last thing worth mentioning is that not all US expats are able to take advantage of the foreign earned income exclusion. If you are a US Government Employee and are paid by the US government then you will not be able to use the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion to minimize your US expat taxes. This includes individuals in the Armed Forces Exchange, Commissioned and non-commissioned Officers' messes, Armed Forces motion pictures services and employees of kindergartens on Armed Forces installations.
Other considerations and opportunities that American expatriates should be aware of include the following:
Need to File State Returns: Certain taxpayers must maintain a state of domicile in the United States, and there will be tax obligations to that state (Varies by state, please contact us for details).
Foreign Housing Exclusion or Deduction: In addition to the foreign earned income exclusion, you can also claim an exclusion or a deduction from gross income for your housing amount if your tax home is in a foreign country, you have self employment income, and you qualify under either the bona fide residence test or the physical presence test.
Retirement: You still qualify for the tax advantages of making contributions to a retirement account, such as SEP, IRA or ROTH IRA. These contributions are subject to certain limits based on your gross income, so for the most part the foreign earned income exclusion will not affect them.
Other Income: Did you rent your property while living abroad? Your rental income is reported, along with related expenses including but not limited to mortgage interest expense. Dividend or other investment income? Reported, less related expenses.
Are you self employed but working overseas? You are in need of a tax plan. You could be saving at least 6% of your gross income.
Detailed Explanation of Foreign Earned Income Exclusion
Following are excerpts from IRS Publication 54, Tax Guide for U.S. Citizens and Resident Aliens Abroad. Click here to download the complete publication [1.5 MB]. Below we present the key elements of qualifying for the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion, but you should consult the full publication for a complete explanation.
Who Qualifies for the Exclusions and the Deduction?
If you meet certain requirements, you may qualify for the foreign earned income and foreign housing exclusions and the foreign housing deduction.
If you are a U.S. citizen or a resident alien of the United States and you live abroad, you are taxed on your worldwide income. However, you may qualify to exclude from income up to $97,600 (for 2013) of your foreign earnings. In addition, you can exclude or deduct certain foreign housing amounts.
To claim the foreign earned income exclusion, the foreign housing exclusion, or the foreign housing deduction, you must meet all three of the following requirements.
Your tax home must be in a foreign country.
You must have foreign earned income.
You must be either:
A U.S. citizen who is a bona fide resident of a foreign country of countries for an uninterrupted period that includes an entire tax year,
A U.S. resident alien who is a citizen or national of a country with which the United States has an income tax treaty in effect and who is a bona fide resident of a foreign country or countries for an uninterrupted period that includes an entire tax year, or
A U.S. citizen or a U.S. resident alien who is physically present in a foreign country or countries for at least 330 full days during any period of 12 consecutive months.
Tax Home in Foreign Country
To qualify for the foreign earned income exclusion, the foreign housing exclusion, or the foreign housing deduction, your tax home must be in a foreign country throughout your period of bona fide residence or physical presence abroad.
Tax Home
Your tax home is Tothe general area of your main place of business, employment, or post of duty, regardless of where you maintain your family home. Your tax home is the place where you are permanently or indefinitely engaged to work as an employee of self-employed individual. Having a "tax home" in a given location does not necessarily mean that the given location in your residence or domicile for tax purposes.
Temporary or Indefinite Assignment
The location of your tax home often depends on whether your assignment is temporary or indefinite. If you are temporarily absent from your tax home in the United States on business, you may be able to deduct your away-from-home expenses (for travel, meals, and lodging), but you would not qualify for the foreign earned income exclusion. If your new work assignment is for an indefinite period, your your new place of employment becomes your tax home and you would not be able to deduct any of the related expenses that you have in the general area of this new work assignment. If your new tax home is in a foreign country and you meet the other requirements, you earnings may qualify for the foreign earned income exclusion.
If you expect your employment away from home in a single location to last, and it does last, for 1 year or less, it is temporary unless facts and circumstances indicate otherwise.
If you expect it to last for more than 1 year, it is indefinite.
If you expect it to last for 1 year or less, but at some later date you expect it to last longer than 1 year, it is temporary (in the absence of facts and circumstances indicating otherwise) until your expectation changes. Once your expectation changes, it is indefinite.
You meet the bona fide residence test if you are a bona fide resident of a foreign country or countries for an uninterrupted period that includes an entire tax year. You can use the bona fide residence test to qualify for the exclusions and the deduction only if you are either:
A U.S. citizen, or
A U.S. resident alien who is a citizen or national of a country with which the United States has an income tax treaty in effect.
You do not automatically acquire bona fide resident status merely by living in a foreign country or countries for 1 year. If you go to a foreign country to work on a particular job for a specified period of time, you ordinarily will not be regarded as a bona fide resident of that country even though you work there for 1 tax year or longer. The length of your stay and the nature of your job are only some of the factors to be considered in determining whether you meet the bona fide residence test.
Bona fide residence. To meet the bona fide residence test, you must have established a bona fide residence in a foreign country.
Your bona fide residence is not necessarily the same as your domicile. Your domicile is your permanent home, the place to which you always return or intend to return.
Example. You could have your domicile in Cleveland, Ohio and a bona fide residence in Edinburgh, Scotland, if you intend to return eventually to Cleveland.
The fact that you go to Scotland does not automatically make Scotland your bona fide residence. If you go there as a tourist, or on a short business trip, and return to the United States, you have not established bona fide residence in Scotland. But if you go to Scotland to work for an indefinite or extended period and you set up permanent quarters there for yourself and your family, you probably have established a bona fide residence in a foreign country, even though you intend to return eventually to the United States.
You are clearly not a resident of Scotland in the first instance. However, in the second, you are a resident because your stay in Scotland appears to be permanent. If your residency is not as clearly defined as either of these illustrations, it may be more difficult to decide whether you have established a bona fide residence.
Determination. Questions of bona fide residence are determined according to each individual case, taking into account factors such as your intention, the purpose of your trip, and the nature and length of your stay abroad.
Statement to foreign authorities. You are not considered a bona fide resident of a foreign country if you make a statement to the authorities of that country that you are not a resident of that country, and the authorities:
Hold that you are not subject to their income tax laws as a resident, or
Have not made a final decision on your status.
Special agreements and treaties. An income tax exemption provided in a treaty or other international agreement will not in itself prevent you from being a bona fide resident of a foreign country. Whether a treaty prevents you from becoming a bona fide resident of a foreign country is determined under all provisions of the treaty, including specific provisions relating to residence or privileges and immunities.
Uninterrupted period including entire tax year. To meet the bona fide residence test, you must reside in a foreign country or countries for an uninterrupted period that includes an entire tax year. An entire tax year is from January 1 through December 31 for taxpayers who file their income tax returns on a calendar year basis. During the period of bona fide residence in a foreign country, you can leave the country for brief or temporary trips back to the United States or elsewhere for vacation or business. To keep you status as a bona fide resident of a foreign country, you must have a clear intention of returning from such trips, without unreasonable delay, to your foreign residence or to a new bona fide residence in another foreign country.
Example 1. You arrived with your family in Lisbon, Portugal, on November 1, 2006. Your assignment is indefinite, and you intend to live there with your family until your company sends you to a new post. You immediately established residence there. You spent April of 2007 at a business conference in the United States. Your family stayed in Lisbon. Immediately following the conference, you returned to Lisbon and continued living there. On January 1, 2008, you completed an uninterrupted period of residence for a full tax year (2007), and you meet the bona fide residence test.
Example 2. Assume the same facts as in Example 1, except that you transferred back to the United States on December 13, 2007. You would not meet the bona fide residence test because your bona fide residence in the foreign country, although it lasted more than a year, did not include a full tax year. You may, however, qualify for the foreign earned income exclusion or the housing exclusion or deduction under the physical presence test (discussed later).
Bona fide resident for part of a year. Once you have established bona fide residence in a foreign country for an uninterrupted period that includes an entire tax year, you are a bona fide resident of that country for the period starting with the date you actually began the residence and ending with the date you abandon the foreign residence. Your period of bona fide residence can include an entire tax year plus parts of 2 other tax years.
Example. You were a bona fide resident of Singapore from March 1, 2006, through September 14, 2008. On September 15, 2008, you returned to the United States. Since you were a bona fide resident of a foreign country for all of 2007, you were also a bona fide resident of a foreign country from March 1, 2006, through the end of 2006 and from January 1, 2008 through September 14, 2008.
Reassignment. If you are assigned from one foreign post to another, you may or may not have a break in foreign residence between your assignments, depending on the circumstances.
Example 1. You were a resident of Pakistan from October 1, 2007, through November 30, 2008. On December 1, 2008, you and your family returned to the United States to wait for an assignment to another foreign country. Your household goods also were returned to the United States. Your foreign residence ended on November 30, 2008, and did not begin again until after you were assigned to another foreign country and physically entered that country. Since you were not a bona fide resident of a foreign country for the entire tax year of 2007 or 2008, you do not meet the bona fide residence test in either year. You may, however, qualify for the foreign earned income exclusion or the housing exclusion or deduction under the physical presence test, discussed later.
Example 2. Assume the same facts as in Example 1, except that upon completion of your assignment in Pakistan you were given a new assignment to Turkey. On December 1, 2008, you and your family returned to the United States for a month's vacation. On January 2, 2009, you arrived in Turkey for your new assignment. Because you did not interrupt your bona fide residence abroad, you meet the bona fide residence test.
You meet the physical presence test if you are physically present in a foreign country or countries 330 full days during a period of 12 consecutive months. The 330 days do not have to be consecutive. Any U.S. citizen or resident alien can use the physical presence to qualify for the exclusions and the deduction.
The physical presence test is based only on how long you stay in a foreign country or countries. This test does not depend on the kind of residence you establish, your intentions about returning, or the nature and purpose of your stay abroad.
330 full days. Generally, to meet the physical presence test, you must be physically present in a foreign country or countries for at least 330 full days during a 12-month period. You can count days you spent abroad for any reason. You do not have to be in a foreign country only for employment purposes. You can be on vacation.
You do not meet the physical presence test if illness, family problems, a vacation, or your employer's orders cause you to be present for less than the required amount of time.
Exception. You can be physically present in a foreign country or countries for less than 330 full days and still meet the physical presence test if you are required to leave a country because of war or civil unrest.
Full day. A full day is a period of 24 consecutive hours, beginning at midnight.
Travel. When you leave the United States to go directly to a foreign country or when you return directly to the United States from a foreign country, the time you spend on or over international waters does not count toward the 330-day total.
Example. You leave the United States for France by air on June 10. You arrive in France at 9:00 a.m. on June 11. Your first full day of physical presence in France is June 12.
Passing over a foreign country. If, in traveling from the United States to a foreign country, you pass over a foreign country before midnight of the day you leave, the first day you can count toward the 330-day total is the day following the day you leave the United States.
Example. You leave the United States by air at 9:30 a.m. on June 10 to travel to Kenya. You pass over western Africa at 11:00p.m. on June 10 and arrive in Kenya at 12:30 a.m. on June 11. Your first full day in a foreign country is June 11.
Change of location. You can move about from one place to another in a foreign country or to another foreign country without losing full days. If any part of your travel is not within any foreign country and takes less than 24 hours, you are considered to be in a foreign country during that part of travel.
Example 1. You leave Ireland by air at 11:00 p.m. on July 6 and arrive in Sweden at 5:00 a.m. on July 7. Your trip takes less than 24 hours and you lose no full days.
Example 2. You leave Norway by ship at 10:00 p.m. on July 6 and arrive in Portugal at 6:00 a.m. on July 8. Since your travel is not within a foreign country or countries and the trip takes more than 24 hours, you lose as full days July 6, 7, and 8. If you remain in Portugal, your next full day in a foreign country is July 9.
In United States while in transit. If you are in transit between two points outside the United States and are physically present in the United States for less than 24 hours, you are not treated as present in the United States during the transit. You are treated as traveling over areas not within any foreign country.
How to figure the 12-month period. There are four rules you should know when figuring the 12-month period.
Your 12-month period can begin with any day of the month. It ends the day before the same calendar day, 12 months later.
Your 12-month period must be made up of consecutive months. Any 12-month period can be used if the 330 days in a foreign country fall within that period.
You do not have to begin your 12-month period with your first full day in a foreign country or end it with the day you leave. You can choose the 12-month period that gives you the greatest exclusion.
In determining whether the 12-month period falls within a longer stay in the foreign country, 12-month periods can overlap one another.
Example 1. You are a construction worker who works on and off in a foreign country over a 20-month period. You might pick up the 330 full days in a 12-month period only during the middle months of the time you work in the foreign country because the first fiew and last few months of the 20-month period are broken up by long visits to the United States.
Example 2. You work in New Zealand for a 20-month period from January 1, 2007, though August 31, 2008, except that you spend 28 days in February 2007 and 28 days in February 2008 on vacation in the United States. You are present in New Zealand 330 full days during each of the following two 12-month periods: January 1, 2007 - December 31, 2007 and September 1, 2007 - August 31, 2008. By overlapping the 12-month periods in this way, you meet the physical presence test for the whole 20-month period.
Foreign Earned Income Exclusion
If your tax home is in a foreign country and you meet the bona fide residence test or the physical presence test, you can choose to exclude from your income a limited amount of your foreign earned income.
You can also choose to exclude from your income a foreign housing amount.
If you choose to exclude foreign earned income, you cannot deduct, exclude, or claim a credit for any item that can be allocated to or charged against the excluded amounts. This includes any expenses, losses, or other normally deductible items allocable to the excluded income.
Limit on Excludable Amount
You may be able to exclude up to $97,600 of your foreign earned income in 2013. You cannot exclude more than the smaller of:
$97,600, or
Your foreign earned income for the tax year minus your foreign housing exclusion.
If both you and your spouse work abroad and each of you meets either the bona fide residence test or the physical presence test, you can each choose the foreign earned income exclusion. You do not both need to meet the same test. Together, you and your spouse can exclude as much as $183,000.
Part-year exclusion. If the period for which you qualify for the foreign earned income exclusion includes only part of the year, you must adjust the maximum limit based on the number of qualifying days in the year. The number of qualifying days is the number of days in the year within the period on which you both:
Have your tax home in a foreign country, and
Meet either the bona fide residence test or the physical presence test.
For this purpose, you can count as qualifying days all days within a period of 12 consecutive months once you are physically present and have your tax home in a foreign country for 330 full days. To figure your maximum exclusion, multiply the maximum excludable amount for the year by the number of your qualifying days in the year, and then divide the result by the number of days in the year.
Foreign Housing Exclusion and Deduction
In addition to the foreign earned income exclusion, you can also claim an exclusion or a deduction from gross income for your housing amount if your tax home is in a foreign country and you qualify for the exclusions and deduction under either the bona fide residence test or the physical presence test.
The housing exclusion applies only to amounts considered paid for with employer-provided amounts. The housing deduction applies only to amounts paid for with self-employment earnings. We discuss the Foreign Housing Exclusion and Deduction in detail on a separate page of our site.
Considering Moving Abroad?
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Filter: Sr. Account Director
Jack Swanson
Tom Donovan
Tom Donovan brings to Ten Bridge experience from multiple assignments in London, Australia and New Zealand. His most recent role was as director of communications for Nexvet Biopharma, a NASDAQ-listed biotechnology company that was acquired by Zoetis in 2017. Leading to acquisition, Tom worked with the company's executive team across all aspects of corporate and investor communications, from its early funding rounds, re-incorporation in Ireland, global operational expansion and IPO. Prior to this, Tom worked in a variety of communications consultant or policy roles to private biotech companies and government innovation teams in Australia, including development of the Global Health Melbourne Plan. Prior to this, Tom worked in investor and public relations consultancy roles with ASX-listed biotechnology companies, and as a junior business journalist in New Zealand. Tom has a bachelor's degree in biomedical science and a master's degree (1st class honors) in bioscience enterprise, both from the University of Auckland.
Lisa Raffensperger
Lisa Raffensperger joined Ten Bridge after a decade spent working as a science journalist at publications across the U.S. and U.K., variously covering space launches, dinosaur digs and synthetic genomes. Most recently she served as senior news editor at STAT, a national publication covering medicine and life sciences, where she oversaw coverage of politics, regulation and scientific discovery. Prior to that, as web editor of Discover magazine she led an expansion of the site's blogging network and social media audience. Lisa holds a master's degree in science journalism from City University in London and dual bachelor's degrees in English and biology from the University of Iowa. Her work has appeared in The Economist, New Scientist, Science, and The Times.
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Often the women in the sport of athletics also wear bikinis, not much larger than in beach volleyball. Amy Acuff, a US high-jumper, wore a black leather bikini instead of a track suit, at Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics. Runner Florence Griffith-Joyner mixed bikini bottoms with one-legged tights in Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics, which earned her more attention than her record breaking in Women's 200 meters. Towns like Porto Seguro in Brazil has become an attraction for beach athletics in bikini for the tourists.
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International,
Analysts say U.S. Travel Warnings discourage 335,000 Americans from visiting Mexico
By Yucatan Times on June 16, 2019
(Photo: Google)
Travel safety alerts issued by the United States government (US) scared 335,000 international tourists from visiting Mexico within a year and a half, reveals an analysis by the Bank of Mexico (Banxico).
In August 2017, the US State Department updated an alert to its citizens regarding travel and security in Quintana Roo, Baja California Sur, Baja California, Guerrero, Veracruz, Chiapas, and Colima, but in January 2018 it replaced the notice and exempted Cancun, Riviera Maya, Los Cabos, Puerto Vallarta, Riviera Nayarit, and Mexico City from any travel advisory.
Analysts of the General Directorate of Economic Research of Banxico estimate that, had the perception of security remained at the levels observed between 2013 and part of 2017, about 335,000 additional international tourists would have arrived in Mexico a year and a half later, between the second half of 2017 and during 2018.
Guadalajara, Mazatlan, Cozumel, and Monterrey would have at least doubled the growth rates observed in international passenger arrivals during this period, according to a regional analysis.
The effect of the perception of insecurity on international tourism in Mexico, 2008-2018. The results suggest that a deterioration in the Internet search index on the security environment negatively affects the arrival of passengers at airports in Mexico.
Analysts say U.S. travel warnings discourage 335,000 Americans from visiting Mexico.
Source: TMP
Rome in a Day: 5 Iconic Places to Visit in Rome When Short on Time
If you’re visiting Rome, but only.
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Interview with Prof. Simon Saunders, Chairman Femto Forum, Feb 2010
Published on03 February 2010
Femtocell Interview with Prof Simon Saunders, Chairman of Femto Forum, Jan 2010
Simon took some time out to share details of what the Femto Forum is planning for the year ahead. Their recently approved 2010 priorities (published here first on ThinkFemtocell) include some new areas for femtocells. Simon explains in detail how the Forum plans to support the industry as it matures. He also reports back from the recent CES show in the USA and tells us what we can expect to see at Mobile World Congress.
What are the priorities for the Femto Forum as we enter 2010?
In previous years, our activity has covered themes around removing the barriers to femtocell adoption. We’ve prepared the platform for femtocells, including the business case, operator and consumer acceptance. The Forum now has a membership of over 120 (of which some 55 are operators) and is still growing – showing the continuing market interest in this new technology.
See below for the first public exposure of Femto Forum’s 2010 priorities:
Supporting and promoting market takeup
The number of service launches has been increasing and we are now moving from first to second deployments, such as:
Vodafone Sure Signal (renamed from Vodafone Access Gateway and now strongly marketed)
Sprint talking up 3G EV-DO
NTT DoCoMo in Japan has moved up to service based femtocell deployment
Operators are not backing away from their early trials, and instead accelerating their deployment plans. The Femto Forum allows our operator members to
learn from their experiences
develop best practices
spread to a wide customer base
During the year, we will be tracking the market development and publishing market updates every quarter, the second of which will be launched later this month. We’ll also be publishing information about consumer responses, attitudes and experience on a regular basis.
Expanding applications
In the early stages, these were very much vendor specific. We’ve moved on from concepts and demos to applications which use our framework architecture. Conversations are taking place between Femto Forum, Femtocell Vendors and Application Vendors. We saw some of these demonstrated at the Femto Americas Conference San Diego, such as the ability to roam between different femtocell vendors.
Our public handset applications framework will be published in the early part of the year (the draft is now reaching a mature stage), as well as generating clear requirements regarding femtocell services in general which will be submitted by members to multiple standards bodies.
Greater Femtocells
The Femto Forum scope is not limited to 3G UMTS femtocells nor only for domestic use.
We have seen activity in 3GPP, 3GPP2 and WiMAX Forum standards bodies around enterprise requirements – and in particular have been supporting 3GPP2 on this topic recently. We are also considering deployment practices including aspects such as PBX integration, sales channels, security firewalls etc are all being considered, which in some cases go beyond the remit of the standards bodies. Overall, this is a complex and quite different ecosystem compared to domestic femtocells, but one which also represents a very substantial opportunity, building on the economies of scale, standards and ecosystem for domestic applications
We’re also seen the new concept of using femtocells for rural coverage. In many countries there are social imperatives to broaden access to mobile services and in some cases there are broadband stimulus funds available to further these goals. Femtocells can be installed at very low cost with the backhaul (transmission back to the mobile network centres) routed over microwave, WiMAX or satellite.
It’s true that there is also demand for GSM femtocells for this purpose – the lower cost (particularly lower handset cost) is particularly attractive. But these communities also have an opportunity to use 3G and beyond to leapfrog tethered laptops and provide applications where previously no broadband internet was available.
To some extent this depends on the regulators’ position, but these rural femtocells could be deployed by a System Integrator or other business. There are a whole variety of diverse and large opportunities in this market.
We are coming towards the closure of 3GPP Release 9 which includes end-to-end LTE femtocell standards. There has also been a lot of activity at 3GPP2 and in the WiMAX Forum. Our role is to help achieve timely completion of these standards and to spread the news and provide some extra guidance on standards. For example, femtocells affect many different standards documents and we can help highlight the relevant ones and provide an accessible guide for developers new to the mobile field.
The next wave of standards will include detailed requirements for 3GPP2 Phase 2, WiMAX Phase 2 and 3GPP Release 10.
We are at an advanced stage of planning for the Plugfest for 3GPP Release 8 due to take place in March, supported by Femto Forum and hosted by ETSI. Already more than 20 different companies are signed up to participate. We expect there to be an ongoing program relating to interoperability, which is not yet finalized. This would include more plugfests, a broader notion of testing in the field and defining a selected standard configuration where standards have multiple options or open to misinterpretation.
Future femtocells will support LTE and WiMAX technologies. We’ll be looking at the business case and what differs from 3G. This can include using femtocells as an enabler where appropriate. Lookout for both technical and marketing insights from the Femto Forum during the year.
Domestic Use
We want to promote easy setup and self-configuration of femtocells in the home. This should also include interacting with other new devices in the home, routing of the data, prioritizing the quality of service and access to different devices.
Broadening our Reach
The Femto Forum has run events jointly with Avren Conferences in three regions and will continue to do so in 2010. Last year, an additional event in Beijing was very exciting – it was around the time that China Unicom launched – with over 300 delegates attending. We’ll return to China in 2010 and also be looking for opportunities in LATAM, Russia and the Middle East.
Do you see a threat to Femtocells from Wi-Fi?
We are not pitching femtocells as direct competitors to Wi-Fi – both will co-exist. Users expect many wireless devices in their homes, and are becoming more demanding about how easy they are to configure. Wi-Fi is already widely deployed, but femtocells:
offer access to more mobile devices (all existing 3G phones)
work with featurephones too. While smartphones (which have Wi-Fi) are now around 15-20% of the market, they aren’t expected to exceed 25% and most handsets sold today are now featurephones which are unlikely to ever have Wi-Fi. These meet a lower price point and have longer battery life.
Are a fully managed service
Provide better handset battery life
Don’t require any configuration on the phone
So we see femtocells as very much complementary to Wi_Fi and we will continue to see both deployed, in some cases integrated into a single access point. We have explained these issues in detail in a recent white paper, available from the Forum website [email registration required].
What’s your view of the recent MagicJack product announcement?
I can’t comment on any specific product. In general, I’d say that innovation is good and that GSM femtocells are interesting to some people.
The Femto Forum has a clear definition of a femtocell with specific criteria to be met, including:
Operating in licensed spectrum
Managed by an operator, necessarily by or with the explicit permission of the spectrum licensee.
These aren’t arbitrary definitions: the spectrum license is there to avoid interference, so the service can be trusted and relied upon by consumers.
What’s the Femto Forum doing at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona?
This will be our third event running the FemtoZone (also found at MWC last year and this month’s CES). The FemtoZone acts as a hub for all things femtocell:
Product Showcase – see femtocells in the flesh and in operation
Presentations from vendors and operators, covering their their practical experience rather than the fundamentals. The full program will be published shortly.
New publications, including an updated business case and market status
The femtozone and these presentations are open to all with exhibitor passes. Additionally, I’ll be chairing a specific femtocell panel in the main conference (full conference pass required).
And finally - how did the recent CES event go? Will you do this again?
This was the first time the Femto Forum has exhibited at a consumer-focused conference. The CES (Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, USA) is the premier event in this space. In previous years we decided it was too early but for 2010 the time was right. The USA has the world’s first competitive femtocell market and this was reflected in the huge level of interest we got.
Our recent study showed that over 50% of consumers would be interested in a femtocell. We attracted a lot of interest at this event and are highly likely to repeat it again at this or similar events.
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Three Spinners
Welcoming Refugees & Immigrants
MAPH Interview with Alexandra Van Doren
This last month, the University of Chicago Master of the Arts Program in Humanities interviewed alumna and Three Spinners Inc. Co-founder/CEO Alexandra van Doren about our first month up and running as Champaign’s newest non-profit organization. To read more about how the University of Chicago helped shape the foundation of our organization and what our first month has looked like.
The interview is no longer available on the MAPHtastic blog. An archived copy is available via archive.org. Full text of the interview follows:
An Interview with Alexandra Van Doren (MAPH ’13), CEO of Three Spinners
Alexandra van Doren (MAPH ‘13) is a PhD student in Comparative Literature at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and Co-Founder/CEO of Three Spinners Inc., a new non-profit which works to provide food, clothing, and shelter for Syrian refugees admitted into the US.
Alexandra kindly agreed to answer the mentors’ questions about the work Three Spinners does, her Ph.D. program in Comp. Lit., her time in MAPH and her advice to current MAPHers. You can read her responses below, and find contact information for Three Spinners at the end of the article!
Could you tell us a little about the non-profit that you recently founded, Three Spinners, and the work that it does?
In January 2016, my colleagues and I co-founded Three Spinners Inc., a charitable organization based out of Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, with the purpose of advocating for human rights that are being violated amidst the chaos ravaging Syria on an unprecedented level. Our organization provides not only the very basic needs of food and shelter, but fosters and facilitates educational opportunities such as English language instruction and job training. Generous members of the Champaign-Urbana community are opening their doors to refugees accepted into the US and offering their homes to incoming families and individuals. Basically, if you supply the space, we will provide the rest. Drawing from a multitude of resources in our community and charitable monetary donations, we are creating a network of support for those in desperate need of safety. By hosting a series of ongoing food, clothing, and item drives and working in conjunction with local businesses, restaurants, non-profit organizations, etc., we are establishing Champaign-Urbana as a self-sustaining community with the resources to provide for refugees in need.
Our foundational principles are simple: we believe that no individual should ever be persecuted on the basis of religion, race, or gender; no child should ever be subjected to violence or hunger; and no man or woman should be denied their basic human rights to food, shelter, safety, and education. While our housing process is non-discriminatory, our first priority is families with children.
What drew you to further graduate studies in Comp Lit, and what kind of academic projects and questions are you currently working on at the University of Illinois?
My time at the University of Chicago was ultimately what both challenged and reinforced my decision to pursue further graduate studies in Comparative Literature. As everyone reading this well knows, the UChicago MAPH program is rigorous to say the least. I came to Chicago from a relatively small liberal arts school in Los Angeles, so being thrown into the belly of the research beast really made me consider moving away from a career in academia. While I loved my courses and advisors at UChicago, I wasn’t quite convinced an even more research-intensive PhD program was the right choice for me. After I graduated from the MAPH program in 2013, I moved to Poland for a number of months to pursue some language training and independent writing projects I had begun in one of my poetry classes at UChicago. I ended up meeting a librarian/archivist from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Lublin who ended up being a great resource since I had been considering museum work pertinent to the Holocaust. The more we discussed career goals and trajectories, the more I found myself talking about my MAPH thesis project and related research I wanted to conduct in the future. Whether it was museum work or a position in the professoriate I was after, it was clear to me after that conversation that my scholarship really thrived in an academic environment, not to mention if I wanted a shot at working in Holocaust archives, it would be a long shot without a PhD and three or four languages under my belt. After my time abroad, I came back to the states, filled out my PhD applications, and eventually moved out to the cornfields in Champaign.
As a PhD student, it’s rare to be able to talk about the projects you are working on without any funding on the line, so forgive me if I’m a little over-eager to share some of my current research endeavors. I work in Polish, Spanish, German, and American literatures and languages, but predominantly on Polish poetry. My dissertation, entitled “‘Where foot knocks against/the unburied bones of kin’: Topographies of Memory in Mass Graves in Poland and Spain,” identifies and refashions a critical point of convergence between Poland and Spain’s national histories under the umbrella of Holocaust and Memory Studies. My current research has landed me at an intersection between the poetry of witness that began to surface in the immediate wake of the Holocaust in Poland and more recent depictions of Franco’s mass executions in documentary and photography from modern-day Spain. Immediately following the end of WWII and the collapse of the concentrationary universe on Polish soil, survivors began the Sisyphean task of reassembling the history of a people intended for annihilation. Witnesses sifted through the rubble of Babel to reconstruct a language that could speak of Auschwitz, ovens, mass graves, and the mechanized murder that had ravaged the Jewish population of Europe, producing volumes of poetry that were initially met with opposition by the general populace or, at best, apathy. Less than a decade before the Second World War in Poland, Spain faced its own internal crisis, “La Guerra” (the Spanish Civil War), with the institutionalized massacre of Republicans at the hands of the Nationalists/Rebels under Franco. Perpetrators were mindful of the evidence of these summary executions, often concealing the corpses of victims in mass graves in both remote forest-laden areas and also in cities and towns in which the shootings took place. Only within the last decade has the weight of “La Guerra” on the fabric of Spain’s topography become a topic ripe for inquiry with the recent excavations of these mass graves, but the process of distinguishing propaganda from scholarship has grown increasingly difficult to navigate. The resistance to literary and visual depictions of memory in Poland and Spain poses a multitude of questions at the crux of my research, questions that revolve around the representations of the physical and metaphorical body in mass graves and the sociological, historical, and political implications of their documentation and/or exhumation.
How did your experience MAPH impact upon your career choices, both in graduate school and the non-profit sector?
As I mentioned before, my experience in MAPH helped me evaluate the right career path for me. As far as the impact the program has had on my graduate studies, in retrospect I feel like I walked away from MAPH with a really solid foothold in critical theory that helped build the foundation for a lot of my PhD research. Additionally, the research methodologies employed in our preceptor meetings and in the classroom set me up for success at another R-1 institution. MAPH was my introduction to what real literary scholars and historians looked like and it gave me the tools to climb the ladder that I hope will lead me into those ranks in the coming years.
In terms of the program’s impact on my career choice in the non-profit sector, I have always been involved in community service organizations and activities and there was no shortage of them at UChicago. There were always opportunities to get involved in Chicago communities that really benefited from local non-profit efforts and contributions, which helped keep my feet on the ground throughout the MAPH program. I’m sure I’m preaching to the choir, but when you’re in the throes of your thesis, you sometimes forget to look up from your books and remember there’s a world outside the brick and ivy and the community service opportunities at UChicago gave me a productive outlet, especially since my research material topics are so heavy.
What does your role at Three Spinners look like on a day-to-day basis?
At the moment, it’s a lot of hurry up and wait. I spent a lot of time over this last winter break brainstorming ways to provide some sort of rescue and relief effort to aid in the Syrian refugee crisis, and eventually resolved to starting with a community food drive. After pitching the idea to a colleague in the Comp Lit Department, she and her husband jumped on board and after we saw the amount of interest expressed by fellow students and local businesses, we realized that we could do something much bigger. We registered our organization with the Secretary of State the next day, submitted all of our paperwork to the Attorney General and IRS, and launched our website just a few weeks later. Right now I’m really focusing on community outreach and strategizing/logistics. A lot of state representatives in the U.S. have expressed their unwillingness to shelter refugees, so we’re working on creating a self-sustaining community independent of government funding that can support a community of refugees. The last few weeks have been a lot of phone calls, emails, and office visits to businesses and individuals that have volunteered to host food barrels, run item/clothes drop-off centers, provide housing, host fundraisers, etc. Once we have the final approval from the Attorney General, it’s all plug and play. The day I get that letter in the mail, we’re delivering food barrels to our volunteers and accepting, sorting, and storing material donations so that we can get a better estimate of how many refugees we can support for up to one year. The sooner we have the resources in order, the sooner we can reach out to the Department of State and get families in need to a supportive and safe environment.
How have you integrated your academic, political and creative interests into your career? How would you suggest that current students think about this for their future?
Honestly, I’m still figuring out how all of these things weave into the career tapestry I want to create, but that’s part of the graduate school journey. The beauty of working in Comparative Literature is that there’s no limit to the kinds of literature, film, and information I have access to. I read a few English translations of Tadeusz Różewicz’s poetry years ago and decided I was going to learn Polish. Now I work on Polish poetry. This last year I couldn’t read most of the Nazi documents I was investigating for a research project and needed translation programs just to get by. Now I’m learning German. While my career choices have been in flux for several years, the constants have remained: I enjoy research and historical investigation, I embrace crossing linguistic borders as a polyglot, I am deeply invested in advocating for human rights, and I can’t live without poetry. None of these things fit neatly into a career package, so you have to write your own job description. Working in academia as a student and teacher as well as branching out into the non-profit sector allows me to create the career I think would most contribute to the world instead of molding myself into a prepackaged one. That is my advice for students that have not yet found a path that calls out to them or that are struggling to tailor themselves to the job market’s expectations. Of course you have to be realistic about your prospects, but don’t carve your edges to fit into a ready-made puzzle. If you haven’t found your niche, build your puzzle around the pieces you already have.
What advice would you give to current MAPHers interested in working in or founding a non-profit, or to those interested in a hybrid career?
You don’t need much to start a non-profit, so don’t hesitate. Anyone pursuing that field of work, presumably, already has admirable intentions since we all know no one is going to strike it rich in non-profit work. That’s not why we’re in this. We’re in it to make a difference and to repair pieces of the world that perhaps we didn’t break, but need healing nonetheless. Three Spinners Inc. started out as a maybe-I’ll-start-a-food-drive-or-something kind of idea that, after a conversation with a friend over tea, became something that will change hundreds (hopefully eventually thousands) of lives. Start building your network of resources now; you’re in the best place you could possibly be in at a university. There is such a diversity of talents, skills, expertise, etc. among students and professors. You can literally find at least one person in any given classroom that speaks a different language, grew up in another country, is pursuing a degree in law/medicine/education, etc. Truly, all you need is an idea (and the ability to run without sleep for a while), and you can get your project’s wheels off the ground. There are never too many warriors for social justice.
This entry was posted on February 24, 2016 by jh2604
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Home / News / WWD
Isabel and Ruben Toledo Design Miami Condo Staff Uniforms
September 9, 2016 | WWD
THE TOLEDO TOUCH: Isabel and Ruben Toledo are widening their design influence. While Isabel Toledo may be well known for designing the lemongrass yellow ensemble worn by First Lady Michelle Obama at the inauguration ceremony of her husband in 2009, the Toledos have created the wardrobe for the staff of the Grove at Grand Bay, the Bjarke Ingels-designed condo in Miami.
The design duo have created outfits for the entire staff ranging from the pool boy to the parking attendants, and including housekeeping and front desk personnel. Tapping into the bohemian vibe of Miami’s Coconut Grove, the lineup includes pretty shirt dresses for the women and casual shirts, shorts and pants for the men. Developer David Martin spent 10 times more than a typical uniform budget to make this happen. The expense stemmed from the fact that the line was custom created by the Toledos, and every piece was custom fit and cut to the specifications of each staff member after multiple fittings. The uniforms are predominantly made of linen and were manufactured in the U.S.
Developed by Terra, the twin 20-story towers in Coconut Grove recently opened with the staff outfitted in their new outfits.
Asked how the collaboration came out, it turns out Martin, president of Terra, became friendly with the Toledos through his wife, Christy Martin, who help organize (and Terra underwrote) a retrospective on the Toledos during Art Basel Miami Beach in 2012 entitled “Full Circle.” The exhibit was housed in the historic Freedom Tower in downtown Miami, where back when the tower served as a processing center for Cuban migrants, the Toledos arrived in the U.S. in the Sixties.
Martin and his wife have become close with the Toledos over the years and have enlisted the design duo for his firm’s other Miami developments, including the Renzo Piano-designed Eighty Seven Park and Rem Koolhaas-designed Park Grove condo towers.
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October 31, 2007 by clientservices
Broadband Services: Economic and Environmental Benefits
Joseph P. Fuhr Jr.
Stephen B. Pociask
People around the world are becoming more and more aware of and concerned about changes in the atmosphere due to extreme weather events, melting glaciers, and changing ecosystems. As the Washington Post noted in a special report about global warming and climate change, “broad scientific evidence suggests that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions have already triggered changes in the Earth’s climate and that more disruptive changes lie ahead.”[1] The story discussed a range of costly and daunting measures to address the problem by reducing emissions. These include changes in waste and forestry management, building construction and transportation.
This study adds to the discussion of how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by documenting the reductions that can be realized by the widespread delivery of broadband services in the U.S. Current carbon dioxide emissions in the U.S. hover around 7.9 billion tons and are growing.[2] This study finds that wide adoption and use of broadband applications can achieve a net reduction of 1 billion tons of greenhouse gas over 10 years, which, if converted into energy saved, would constitute 11% of annual U.S. oil imports.
The opportunity for broadband and information technology to reduce or avoid energy use, and thus help the environment, is evident in where we work, how we shop and what we consume. For instance, electronic communications are reducing the demand for first-class letters and newspaper subscriptions, which, in turn, reduces the need for paper, saves trees, conserves energy, pollutes less water and emits less greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. As workers telecommute, billions of gallons of gasoline are saved. E-commerce means that less square footage of commercial, retail and wholesale facilities are needed, which saves the energy required to build and operate these facilities. As workers teleconference, business travel is reduced, sparing carbon and other emissions as well. In short, high-speed Internet services and other technologies are affecting how people shop, travel, work and use products, and, as this study shows, the benefits to the environment can be significant.
This study reviews scientific literature, estimates the current emission savings that result from the cumulative “network” effects of wide adoption and use of broadband-based applications and forecasts the additional environmental benefits if trends continue over the next ten years. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, these activities are likely to produce the following cumulative incremental benefits:
• Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer e-commerce is predicted to reduce greenhouse gases by 206.3 million (U.S.) tons.
• Telecommuting will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 247.7 million tons due to less driving, 28.1 million tons due to reduced office construction, and 312.4 million tons because of energy saved by businesses.
• Teleconferencing could reduce greenhouse emissions by 199.8 million tons, if 10% of airline travel could be replaced by teleconferencing over the next 10 years.
• Reduction in first-class mail, plastics saved from downloading music/video and office paper from emails and electronic documents could reduce emissions by 67.2 million tons. For example, over the next 10 years, shifting newspaper subscriptions from physical to online media alone will save 57.4 million tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions.
• In summary, a review of existing literature shows that the potential impact of changes stemming from the delivery of broadband is estimated to be an incremental reduction of more than 1 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions over 10 years.
It is important to note that the promise of these advancements and their contribution to improving the environment can only be fully realized with the widespread use of broadband services by consumers and businesses. Just as the use of fax machines only shifted from a curiosity to become a standard tool in the conduct of business once every firm had one, so it is with information technology and broadband applications. In fact, it is likely that more widespread use of broadband services will lead to further innovation of services and applications that will produce even greater benefits for the environment, beyond those anticipated in this study. These innovations may include even faster Internet speeds, advances in wireless broadband networks, increased reliability and features that make online activities and transactions safer and more secure. To the extent this is true, this study underestimates the potential for greenhouse gas reductions and other environmental benefits that can result from the transformation of U.S.’s communications infrastructure from narrowband to broadband.
As noted in this study, only one in two of every American household subscribes to broadband Internet services, despite the fact broadband access is available to nearly 95 out of every 100 homes.[3] Broadband subscriptions cannot be mandated in a market economy like the U.S., but the potential environmental benefits documented in this study – most notably the reduction in greenhouse gases – can be fully realized only if broadband investment, delivery and consumption continue to expand at a rapid pace. The American public is actively seeking ways to help be a part of a solution to the environmental threats of climate change. Awareness of these environmental benefits will help people to answer the question “What can I do?” by inspiring the adoption of broadband and creativity in its uses.[4]
In summary, this study shows that reduced energy use and lower greenhouse gas emissions associated with information technology and broadband use are significant and deserve to be an important consideration in developing a comprehensive energy policy. Focusing on ways to use these technologies as a tool to change behavior and energy use may achieve even greater savings. More research and ideas are needed to incorporate information technology solutions into the nation’s energy policies. And even on a personal level, as people and businesses consider their own carbon footprints, they should be aware of the solutions that broadband and information technology can bring.
Broadband Services:
Economic and Environmental Benefits
A. Need for a New Direction in U.S. Energy Policy
U.S. legislators are trying to balance tough economic and environmental issues. On the one hand, energy is necessary for a vigorous and growing economy, but it has significant environmental effects including carbon and other emissions that have been linked to global warming. In addition, the U.S. economy is very dependent on foreign oil that has been subject to sharply increasing prices. That leaves the U.S. with three challenges – high energy prices, high energy use and high environmental impacts.
Environmental concerns are growing due in large part to energy consumption that results in the emission of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases trap sunlight in the earth’s atmosphere and increase the temperature within the Earth’s atmosphere. These greenhouse gases, which most notably include carbon dioxide, as well as nitrous oxide, methane, and primarily man-made gases such as hydrofluorocarbons, are directly linked to energy consumption and, more generally, economic activity. Besides being pollutants that make their way into the atmosphere, greenhouse gases are believed to affect climate change, altering weather patterns and raising sea levels. As a result, increased greenhouse gas emissions could have severe worldwide consequences in terms of where people live and where they cultivate food.
Carbon dioxide from combustible fossil fuels represents 82% of greenhouse gas emissions,[5] and from 1990 to 2000 greenhouse gas emissions have increased 16%.[6] Actions to stem this threat have to date been modest at best and some proposed actions will most certainly affect economic growth and the basic standard of living of American consumers.[7] However, to do nothing simply would contribute to another set of problems – namely, pollution and global warming, which will affect our health and welfare.
As the adage goes — there is no silver bullet. Most energy specialists concede that fixing the energy problem will be very difficult and that any success will require actions on a number of fronts – creating many alternative energy sources, imposing taxes to curb consumption,[8] encouraging energy efficiency, expanding recycling and encouraging domestic production. Public policies need to adopt uniform standards that reduce pollutants, protect green areas and invest in clean energy research. These commonsense measures may not by themselves be enough. Some hard choices need to be made that address a comprehensive energy policy that deals with our consumption and production of energy on many fronts. Unfortunately, these choices will likely come at a cost to consumers.
B. Purpose of this Study
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of advanced technologies, including broadband services and telecommunications technologies, and their specific effects on energy use and the environment.
Telecommunications services are changing our lives for the better. Broadband services and applications provide new ways to communicate and transfer information, including voice, data and video services. These services can facilitate telecommuting, teleconferencing, e-commerce, telemedicine and other applications that will save consumers and businesses travel expense, traffic congestion and time, as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These technology solutions can increase business and personal productivity, while discouraging some of the migration to offshore jobs and encouraging what is called homeshoring, at little or no additional costs to consumers or economic welfare.
For example, the transmission of bits of information means that consumers can download the content of books, CDs and videos, sparing the transport costs between manufacturer, warehouse and retail store, as well as reducing the production of paper and plastics. Broadband services in homes reduce the need for workers to commute to the office. Nurses can use remote health monitoring equipment to check the vital signs of some homebound patients. Students can attend class without ever leaving home.
In this study, we examine the general benefits of these technologies and their effects on workers and consumers. We analyze the environmental benefits of these technologies in addressing the nation’s energy problem and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In summary, this paper explores these broadband services and their effects on the environment, specifically as a means to achieve better and cleaner energy use, without stifling economic output, worker productivity and the standard of living of American consumers.
C. Study Direction and Approach
There can be both financial and environmental payoffs from changing behaviors. With more than 65 million broadband subscribers in the US, [9] a considerable amount of travel is displaced through telecommuting, videoconferencing and e-commerce. These changing behaviors also produce clear environmental benefits.
In 1991, Boghani, Kimble and Spencer claimed that telecommunications could solve the transportation problem.[10] They estimated that annually telecommunication services could replace from 10% to 20% of transportation, including: 6 million fewer commuters, due to telecommuting; 3 billion fewer shopping trips, substituted by e-commerce; thirteen million fewer business trips, replaced by teleconferencing; and 6 million fewer truck and airplane delivery miles, because of a reduced need to transport paper documents. They estimated that an increase in telecommunications services would result in $23 billion in annual benefits in 1998 dollars. In addition, this substitution would eliminate 1.8 million tons of pollutants by vehicles, save 3.5 billion gallons of gasoline, add 3.1 billion hours of personal time and as a result of less driving and reduced maintenance cost decrease transportation cost by around $500 million.[11] In the 16 years since Boghani, Kimble and Spencer published their study; there have been tremendous improvements in telecommunications technology and infrastructure, including the commercialization and exponential growth of the Internet, as well as the adoption of mass market broadband services. It would appear that the potential for substitution, and any resulting benefits, would be even greater.
This paper does not attempt to quantify all of the benefits from new telecommunications technology such as broadband. Instead, this paper estimates the principal benefits to the environment – both actual and potential benefits – attributable to use of advanced information technologies. The benefits are likely to be widespread, accruing to broad groups such as consumers, employees and employers, as well as specific niche groups, such as the elderly and disabled. Estimates of some of these benefits are calculated by us or reported by others in the literature.
In the sections that follow, this study examines a number of activities that advanced telecommunications and other technology-based services can help the environment without sacrificing economic output, including e-commerce, telecommuting, e-materialization, telemedicine, teleconferencing and distance learning. Where possible, this study will measure and quantify the environmental effects that result from these activities.
II. E-Commerce
A. Consumer and General Business Market
E-commerce has become a common means for consumers and businesses to conduct business transactions and is composed of three principle components – namely, business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B) and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). Each component has grown rapidly since the Internet was commercialized a little more than 10 years ago.
In 2005, B2B e-commerce accounted for $2.2 trillion of commerce and B2C accounted for $189 billion of which $93 billion was retail sales and $96 billion was services.[12] In 2006, B2C comprised 6% of total retail sales and is projected to grow to 10% by 2011.[13] The key driver of consumer online shopping growth is the continued spread of broadband Internet access.[14] In the past 12 months, 77% of online consumers have purchased something over the Internet, 43% of online adults do online banking and 9% trade securities.[15]
As far as C2C activity, 44% of online adults purchased from other consumers online, and 18% of consumers bought and sold items online directly from marketing or multi-level marketing sites.[16] However, 34 % of consumer will not do financial business and 48% do not consider it safe to give credit card information over the Internet. As online services become faster, safer and more reliable, there is great potential for increased e-commerce activity.[17]
E-commerce is environmentally friendly. For example, the energy involved in selling $100 worth of books is 14 times more for a traditional superstore than an online bookseller. A 20 mile round trip to the mall to purchase 2 five-pound products consumes about 1 gallon of gasoline while shipping the packages 100 miles by truck consumes 0.1 gallon of gasoline because other transactions share the same trip.[18] “Compared to conventional shopping e-commerce has been found to require 16% less energy and to generate 36% less conventional air pollutants, 23% less hazardous waste and 9% less greenhouse gases.”[19] Also, compared to conventional grocery shopping, shopping electronically, with home e-delivery services, decreases greenhouse gas emissions by 18% to 87%.[20] E-commerce also reduces retail and warehouse space requirements, which in turn reduces energy requirements to build, heat and cool retail and wholesale showroom and office space. One report estimates that, by 2007, B2C and B2B commerce (combined) could avoid the need for 1.5 billion square feet of retail space and up to 1 billion square feet of warehouses. It is estimated that for every billion square feet saved 8.49 million tons of greenhouse gases will be not emitted and Energy Information Association estimates that 6.4 kWh are consumed for every square foot of warehouse space.[21] Furthermore, the decrease in energy use leads to delays in expanding power plant capacity. Also the rise of the Internet as a source of product information is replacing traditional media such as newspapers and magazines.[22] This is a topic that will be discussed later in this paper in what is termed e-materialization.
This section has reviewed the potential environmental benefits of e-commerce. However, a large part of the B2C activity goes unmeasured and has not been addressed in this study. This involves the incidence of Internet-based research on products, services, pricing and location by potential buyers. These searches and research may produce no financial transaction online, but consumers can save a huge amount of time and travel by avoiding physical shopping – driving from store to store in search of the right “deal.” This study has not accounted for the reduced travel and time associated with online shopping research for products and services that are eventually purchased at bricks-and-mortar establishments. More research is needed to understand this potentially sizable savings.
B. Business Supply-Chain
Information technologies can have an important role in supply-chain management – efficiently administrating the flow of products and product information between vendors, manufacturing, suppliers, partners, wholesalers and retailers. Romm states “as traditional manufacturing and commercial companies put the supply chain on the Internet, and reduce inventories, overproduction, unnecessary capital expenditures, paper transactions, mistaken orders, and the like, they achieve greater output with less energy consumption.”[23] For example between 1990 and 1998, Dell moved many of its operations to the Internet. Its sales increased 36 fold while its physical assets only quadrupled.[24]
There are many ways that high-speed services can benefit businesses. For example, many manufacturers require suppliers to be capable of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). As a result, many suppliers are connected and conducting business over the Internet. In 2004, 93.3% of the value of shipments and sales from manufacturing and merchant wholesalers was conducted using B2B e-commerce.[25] Being connected can produce savings for businesses. According to one study, high-speed services can aid businesses in saving $233 billion over six years.[26]
Supply chain management increasingly uses broadband technologies to produce and distribute goods and services more efficiently, as well as to reduce inventories and their associated holding costs. The latter has decreased the amount and size of storage facilities as well as transportation costs as more products are shipped directly to the store using just-in-time strategies. Mars Incorporated used a transportation management execution system to reduce truck miles by 5% which saved 1.2 million gallons of fuel. It also resulted in decreased truck deliveries from factories to customers by 20%.[27] Home Depot uses Web and IT (information technology) solutions in its supply chain to largely bypass warehousing, which permitted 85% of its merchandise to move directly to its stores. Ernest & Young has estimated that bypassing warehouses could reduce inventory nationwide by $250 to $350 billion annually.[28] This reduction in inventories will decrease overstock and lead to less goods being held in intermediate or “staging” points, which will reduce pollution. Faster Internet speeds can save time and money for businesses. Also, being connected permits businesses to build web pages that advertise and market their services, providing information to the public, including attracting potential employees and customers.
Since approximately 20% of trucks at any one time are shipping empty, increased efficiency in shipping can be another significant gain. With Global Positioning Systems (GPS), wireless connected computers can track drivers and match their truck loads for return deliveries. Getloaded.com is a matching service that identifies and connects trailers that would otherwise be traveling empty with loads that need to go to the same destination.[29] Also, a number of trucking companies are auctioning empty space online such as via the National Transportation Exchange.[30] This can significantly conserve the number of miles driven by trucks nationwide which will in turn decrease pollution as well as congestion. Wireless communications devices, most notably Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and GPS, can provide autos and trucks real time traffic information that can help drivers avoid congestion, reduce travel time and distance, and improve delivery efficiency, as well as reduce air pollution associated with travel and congestion.[31]
C. Summary and Estimation of Environmental Effects: E-Commerce
It is estimated that by 2007 B2C and B2B commerce (combined) will have avoided the need for 1.5 billion square feet of retail space and up to 1 billion square feet of warehouses.[32] Based on this estimate, the reduction in greenhouse emission will equal 17.3 million tons, including 12.7 million tons saved for retail and 4.6 million tons saved for warehouses. Furthermore, the decrease in energy use will lead to fewer power plants being constructed, which we estimate to be an additional 20.2 million tons of greenhouse gas not being emitted into the atmosphere. Therefore, e-commerce can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 37.5 million tons per year.
Department of Commerce figures show that B2C revenues grew at an annual average rate of 36% from the fourth quarter of 1999 to the fourth quarter of 2006.[33] However, the growth rate has slowed in the last two years to 15% per year. Most recent data from the Department of Commerce show that B2B revenues have increased by 14% in the last year. In terms of forecasts, Jupiter estimates that B2C sales will increase by 71% over a five-year period ending 2011, approximately an annual rate of 11%.[34] Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the growth rate of total online commerce will slow somewhat – only doubling over the next ten years – and produce an average savings in greenhouse gas emissions equal to 3.8 million tons per year in total e-commerce. Based on this scenario, the ten-year incremental cumulative effect of e-commerce growth on avoiding greenhouse gas production is estimated to be 206.3 million tons.[35] This study makes no estimate of environmental effects of C2C.
By our preliminary estimate, the environmental benefits that result from the expansion of e-commerce appear to be quite immense. More work is needed to improve these estimates and consider other activities that could produce environmental benefits. While not estimated in this study, there are other activities with potentially significant savings. For instance, it is likely that online research for items, reviews, prices and locations by consumers are more prevalent than actual online purchases. This aids in consumers’ buying process, reduces uncertainty, and saves considerable travel costs and time, even though the good or service may ultimately be purchased at a bricks and mortar outlet. Those travel costs and emissions have not been estimated in this paper. In addition, auction sites such as eBay and Amazon host many sell/buy transactions of the C2C variety. Their members normally use PayPal, an electronic payment vehicle regarded as safe and secure. That practice avoids sending payment checks in the mail, saving paper and transport. In total, the hundred million registered “members” of these sites conduct efficient commerce and usually have the package shipped by carriers such as UPS, US Postal Service or FedEx. Again, the cost and emissions savings over physically shopping at stores or flea markets has not been estimated in this study.
III. Telecommuting
A. Background and Supporting Evidence
In 2005, there were 247 million motor vehicles registered in the U.S., with automobiles and trucks accounting for 55% and 42% of these vehicles, respectively.[36] By one source, the use of personal vehicles accounts for 30% to 50% of greenhouse gas emissions, as well as similar effects on toxic water and air pollutants.[37] The typical personal vehicle produces 5.0 tons of carbon dioxide annually,[38] as well as methane, nitrous oxide and various man-made gases. The roads needed to move vehicles are also a threat to the environment, as they replace forests and affect animal habitats. These roads are usually constructed with petroleum components, their maintenance expends energy and resources, and they produce hazardous runoff into nearby streams.
A number of legislative proposals have called for requiring more energy efficient automobiles and encouraging the production of alternative fuels. While providing benefits, however, these proposals are likely to produce more expensive automobiles and significantly higher fuel costs. The most popular alternative fuel, ethanol, is typically produced from corn and is more expensive than gasoline. Since corn prices have increased faster than other goods and services, the outlook for ethanol as an alternative source of energy will mean that corn prices are likely to continue to increase faster than the price of other goods and services. Since corn is used as feedstock, as well as for cereals and other foods, higher prices will mean higher food prices for consumers, in addition to higher energy prices. Moreover, the use of many of these alternative fuels, like ethanol and other bio-based energies, still result in carbon emissions. One advantage is that domestically-produced ethanol relieves some pressure on oil-imports. Alternate fuels still leave policymakers with difficult choices that pose high costs for consumers, at least in the short run, but the cost of oil is likely to rise as reserves are depleted.
Broadband services help provide seamless data, video and voice communications, permitting workers to use their home in the same manner as a businesses’ office in what is described as telecommuting and telework. Telecommuting is the use of telecommunications technology to allow employees to work from their homes and avoid the use of transportation to commute to and from work. Telework is the use of telecommunications to work anywhere other than the home office, such as telework sites satellite offices, and remote locations. Another group not covered by either term is home-based workers, who consist of self-employed workers who work at home instead of renting office space. Of the 25.4 million firms in the U.S., nearly 20 million (77%) are non-employer firms.[39] Of these, nearly 85% are in service industries, many of which are very conducive to home-based working arrangements.[40] However, the amount of telecommuting in the U.S. is constrained by the fact that only about one-half of U.S. households have a high-speed connection to the Internet.[41] These statistics suggest that there is potential for growth in telecommuting.
Based on data through early 2006, only 2% of workers telecommute full time and 8% operate businesses from home, suggesting that 10% regularly work at home. [42] However, 25% had the potential to regularly work from home.[43] Similarly, a survey by Dieringer Research found 14.7 million individuals working almost every day from home during 2006.[44] Given that there are 146 million persons employed in the U.S,[45] the percent of full time home workers is (again) about 10%.[46] However, 28.7% of workers work at least one day per month from home, and 44.8% report having done some work from home.[47] Therefore, the potential for expanding telework could be significant, providing that workers and employers see the benefits of working remotely from the office.
In addition, the potential for increased telework for government workers is high. According to the Office of Personal Management 41% of federal workers are eligible for telecommuting but only 19% do,[48] which constitutes 7.7% of total federal workforce.[49] Senators Landrieu (D-La.) and Stevens (R-Ak.) have introduced a bill that will make more federal government employees eligible for telecommuting.[50]
Balaker adeptly describes telecommuting as “the most cost-effective way to reduce rush-hour traffic and it can improve how a weary nation copes with disasters, from hurricanes to terrorist attacks.”[51] He states:
“It helps improve air quality, highway safety, and even health care as new technologies allow top-notch physicians to be ( virtually) anywhere. Telecommuting expands opportunities for the handicapped, conserves energy, and – when used as a substitute for offshore outsourcing – it can help allay globalization fears and save American jobs. It can even make companies more profitable, which is good news for our nation’s managers, many of whom have long been suspicious of telecommuting.”[52]
The major gain to the environment from telecommuting is the decrease in the number of automobile trips. A recent survey found that 91% of workers commute by car, 4% by ride sharing, 3% by public transit and 3% by other means.[53] Telecommuting is zero emission transportation. Studies show that telecommuters reduce daily trips on days that they telecommute by up to 51% and automobile travel by up to 77%.[54]
Since people are staying home instead of driving to work, telecommuting reduces fuel consumption and improves air quality. There is less traffic congestion, oil consumption, and noise and air pollution as a result of telecommuting. Since fewer cars are needed, telecommuting will also save emissions and pollution associated with automobile production. With fewer cars needed for commuting, car production can be reduced. Another benefit is that less infrastructure will be needed, avoiding construction and road maintenance costs, as well as reducing hazardous runoff into nearby streams.
On the other hand, those who telecommute may not save the entire trip-miles to and from work. They may still use their car to drop off a child at daycare or pick up groceries, as they formerly did on route to and from an office. They may move further from an urban area to take advantage of a rural setting, increasing the commute distance when they actually go to an office. These offsets have been referred to as the “rebound effect” and more study is needed to determine how they impact the overall savings which telecommuting can potentially deliver.
Who benefits from telecommuting? In general, telecommuting can benefit various groups such as consumers, employees, employers and society especially the elderly and disabled.
B. Benefits to Employees
Employees can benefit in various ways from telecommuting. Teleworking can provide job flexibility, which can improve the balance between work and personal time. Teleworkers have increased job satisfaction, a distraction free environment, better time management, are less involved in office politics and generally have less stress. Pitney Bowes offers telecommuting “to enhance employee effectiveness and positively impact the quality of life of workers by minimizing the stress, fatigue, time and cost associated with commuting to and from work.”[55]
Also, by eliminating the commute to work people have more time for work or leisure. According to US Department of Census data, the average commute is 26.4 minutes each way or 53 minutes daily.[56] Telecommuting allows workers to find more time savings by reorganizing their lives to take advantage of many different kinds of low congestion periods. Those who shop during off-peak find parking easier and they also spend less time at the checkout line.[57] Quality of life increases as they workout in a less crowded health club which saves time. During breaks from work, they can do household chores. They can take their children to and from school, and be home when the children leave or arrive.
There is also gas savings as well as lower maintenance costs as usage of the vehicle decreases. By one estimate, the typical worker pays $688 annually for work-related gasoline, and represents a direct savings for telecommuters.[58] This decrease in usage from telecommuting means that fewer cars are needed. Telecommuters save money by eating out less, decreasing daycare needs, and spending less on work-wardrobes and dry cleaning. There is also the potential for a tax deduction for a home office.
C. Benefits to Employers
Employers have also gained from telecommuting. There are various estimates of the gain in productivity as a result of telecommuting. Allenby reports that Siemens, Compaq, Cisco, Merrill Lynch, Nortel and American Express have reported increases in productivity as a result of telework programs of between 10% and 50%, and a five-year Smart Valley study found an average of 25% increase in productivity for participating companies.[59]
Another advantage is that performance is measured by results rather than hours in the office. While absenteeism increases when employees are sick or have a sick child, telecommuting may allow the worker to be somewhat productive. Also if an employee has a contagious illness, telecommuting will reduce the spread of illnesses to other workers, thereby increasing productivity. Thus both absenteeism and presenteeism decreases. It is estimated that presenteeism costs US companies about $150 billion a year[60] and that the increased flexibility in scheduling as a result of telework saves companies around $2,000 per teleworker annually in reduced absenteeism.[61]
Bad weather and emergencies, like terrorism, fires or natural disasters, are less likely to affect employees’ ability to get to work. For example, JetBlue uses at-home agents for its reservation center which greatly increases the flexibility of the firm, as well as reducing the cost of booking a flight by 20%.[62] A company spokesperson stated:
“When things get busy, like during a weather event, we can send an e-mail to all agents asking them to log in to help. The response is immediate – we don’t have to wait for them to come in.”[63]
Studies have shown that telecommuting decreases the turnover rate which can significantly decrease the cost of training and recruiting. Best Buy has instituted a program for telecommuters called ROWE. This program has a 3.2% lower voluntary turnover rate than non-ROWE teams. Best Buy has estimated the per-employee cost of turnover is $102,000 and productivity is 35% higher for ROWE team members.[64] Also employees are more loyal, focused and energized. Telecommuting allows employees who otherwise would not be able to commute such as mothers, the elderly and the disabled the opportunity to be gainfully employed. Since telecommuting increases the pool of applicants and thus the quality of employees it can give a firm a competitive advantage by being the employer of choice. A senior Director at Sun Microsystems states “We found that our remote employees were among our most excellent performers.”[65]
As a result of telecommuting, firms will need less equipment, office space, parking spaces, office equipment, supplies and other amenities. IBM claims it saves almost $1 billion a year in avoided real estate costs, thanks to telecommuting.[66] Sun Microsystems estimated that it saved $69 million in real estate cost in 2005, as a result of its telecommuting program,[67] and it was able to decrease office space use by 30% after implementing its “iWork” program.[68] Nortel and AT&T estimate telecommuting saves $20 million and $25 million in real-estate costs, respectively, while Unisys cut office space 90%.[69] In one study, AT&T found that employee productivity improved by $65 million, increased labor retention saved $15 million,[70] and teleworkers avoided commuting 100 million miles, which reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 45,000 tons less of CO2 emissions, or around 1.8 tons per teleworker.[71] In that study, broadband access to the Internet was found to be a critical success factor.[72]
Studies also found energy savings because construction was avoided and because the energy required in a home office was substantially less than in a commercial office. For instance, one study found a reduction in energy use and a savings in real estate costs of $25 million.[73] Another estimate found that home offices use less energy than a commercial office – a difference between 3000 to 4400 kWh per year.[74] Romm estimated that 3.5 billion square feet of saved commercial space would result in the avoidance of 35 million metric tons of greenhouse gases.[75] Also, the avoidance of construction of these buildings would save another 36.4 million metric tons of greenhouse pollution.[76]
D. Other Benefits to Society
Besides the environmental benefits of telecommuting, there are various other benefits to society. With less commuting, the number of automobile accidents and deaths will decrease as well as maintenance and infrastructure cost for roads, there will be less of a strain on public transit, and there will be more opportunities for the disabled and elderly to be gainfully employed. There are also benefits to rural economies, since people can live where they work. Workers can also supplement their earnings by using technology to earn money by working at home as a second job. Decreasing the amount of pollution will also decrease health-related problems especially respiratory ailments which are exacerbated by particulate pollution.
1. Benefits to Elderly and Disabled
Broadband can greatly increase the quality of life and potential job opportunities for the elderly and disabled. Litan found that broadband deployment and use lowered medical costs and institutionalized living, while increasing labor force participation for seniors and individuals with disabilities.[77] All told, Litan estimated the cumulative benefit to be at least $927 billion over a 25-year period (with future benefits discounted in 2005 dollars).[78]
Litan states that “the broader use of the Internet, and specifically ‘broadband’ technologies, to deliver health care services and information to senior citizens and individuals with disabilities, and to make it easier for members of both populations to work, if they are willing to do so.”[79] Given that many elderly and disabled are unable to travel to work, telecommuting offers expanded work opportunities. The potential for increased employment is especially important to disabled Americans whose unemployment rate is 75%.[80]
2. Homeshoring
Reports suggest that millions of jobs have been outsourced to overseas companies, a phenomena referred to as offshoring. One report cites that half of the Fortune 500 companies have offshored jobs,[81] and Forester Research predicts 3 million jobs will be moved overseas by 2015.[82] Concerns over these lost domestic jobs have led to lawmakers crafting over 200 bills designed to impede offshoring.[83] The alternative, homeshoring, can be the domestic answer to this exodus, and broadband technology can play an important role in this reversal. Homeshoring is the use of home-based agents to field various types of customer care inquirers. “Virtual” call centers employ home based agents which takes away the need for the brick-and-mortar. Early adopters of homeshoring include JetBlue Airways, Alpine Access, PHH Arval and LiveOps.[84] Homeshoring encourages a diverse workforce that could include mothers, retirees, students, and people with disabilities and people who want maximum flexibility.[85] Technology has the potential to change the landscape of customer care services.
Growth in broadband services to the home, including voice-over-Internet telecommunications and softswitch technologies, has decreased labor and facility costs. One study estimated that in a traditional call center in the United States costs are around $31 per employee hour, including overhead and training, whereas home based agents can decrease cost by up to $10 an hour. Home-based retention rates are around 85%, whereas conventional call centers have a retention rate of between 10% and 20%.[86] The higher productivity and lower cost have made homeshoring a competitive alternative to offshore outsourcing, which has had a negative impact on domestic employment opportunities. The presence of broadband infrastructure in rural communities can serve to develop a pool of online workers, which may attract information-based businesses, such as IT development, software and IT service businesses, as well as back-office telecommunications centers. By increasing broadband development and use, as well as encouraging telework participation, a pool of flexible workers can be drawn upon that can stem, and possibly reverse, the loss of domestic jobs.
3. General Consumer Benefits
As worker productivity and morale increases, a firm’s per unit costs decrease. Given competitive markets, decreases in per unit costs result in lower prices and increased quality for consumers. In addition, the quality of the customer service experience will improve, since domestic-based telecommuters can more easily and quickly be called upon to deal with peak periods of demand, thereby reducing long hold times in customer service call centers and help hotlines.
E. Summary and Estimation of Environmental Effects: Telecommuting
On an average work day, millions of Americans commute between home and work by way of their personal vehicle. According the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there are 146 million persons employed in the U.S,[87] and transportation statistics show that 91% of workers (or 132.9 million workers) use personal cars to commute to work.[88] Assuming that that the average number of people in a carpool is 3, approximately 127.5 million personal vehicles are regularly used to commute 132.9 million workers. This activity expends time, creates congestion, costs lives in car accidents, and it wastes motor vehicles, maintenance, fuel and public resources.
The average U.S. worker commutes 15 miles and 26.4 minutes one-way to their job, [89] which means that 918 billion miles are traveled and 1.7 billion minutes are lost in the course of commuting each year.[90] To put this into context, the travel time wasted is equivalent to the annual paid hours of 17.2 million production workers.[91] In terms of dollars, the lost wages and cost of the vehicle (including gas, depreciation, insurance and maintenance) would be nearly $1 trillion or, incredibly, 7.2% of the total gross domestic product of the U.S.[92] In other words, for every $14 produced in the economy; $1 is wasted just getting employees to work using their personal vehicle.
The effect on the environment is equally stunning. Assuming fuel efficiency of 21 miles per gallon, commuting to work using personal vehicles consumes 44 billion gallons of gasoline per year. In terms of greenhouse gasses, private vehicles used during commuting release 424 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year.[93] In addition, other emissions include 23 million tons of carbon monoxide, 1.8 million tons of volatile organic carbons and 1.5 million tons of oxides of nitrogen each year.[94] All of these statistics ignore the fuel expended for public transportation, government vehicles and other vehicles, most notably those used for construction, material transportation, shipping and commercial sales fleets.
As the literature presented in this study shows, telecommuting can reduce pollutants without sacrificing, and likely augmenting, economic productivity. As previously noted, around 10% of workers telecommute full time, approximately one-tenth of these economic and environmental costs are already being saved, which approximates an annual reduction of 45 million tons of greenhouse gases.
According to a survey conducted by Rockbridge the potential for telecommuting could reach 25% participation. One holdback on telecommuting is the fact that only half of U.S. households have broadband services, which suggests (again) that telecommuting could well double in the U.S.[95] Using the economic and environmental costs discussed earlier in this paper, a doubling of the current level of telecommuting, to say 20%, would mean that one-fifth of the environmental cost of commuting could be eliminated.
To highlight the future (potential) benefit of telecommuting, this study estimates the effect of an increase in telecommuting equal to an additional 10% of the workforce over the next ten years. Based on this incremental increase and using the same calculations as before, the total economic savings direct time and expense would be $96.5 billion, including the cost of 4.4 billion gallons of gasoline each year. In terms of the environmental benefits, if 10% more of the workforce could telecommute fulltime, emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere would be reduced by an additional 42.4 million tons of carbon dioxide, as well as 2.6 million tons of other pollutants, which results in 45.0 million fewer tons of greenhouse gases each year. Over the next ten years, the cumulative incremental savings would be equal to 247.7 million tons of greenhouse gases.[96] Keep in mind that these benefits include only those associated with the use of a personal car, and not with public transportation.
While these are potential direct benefits, there are many indirect benefits, some of which can be approximated, such as the benefits from reduced traffic. While there are benefits to drivers who telecommute, the reduction in traffic bestows a benefit on all other drivers. In other words, as road congestion is reduced, there are benefits for those who continue to use the roads, and these benefits could be significant. In 2003, according to the Texas Transportation Institute, $63.1 billion worth of time and fuel was wasted due to traffic congestion during rush hour in 85 metropolitan areas. This resulted in 3.7 billion hours per year, which is an average of 47 hours per commuter and 2.3 billion gallons of gas.[97] As previously estimated there are 127.5 million work commuter vehicles. According to 2000 U.S. Census of those commuters, 66.9 million or 52.5 percent leave for work between 6:30 and 8:29 in the morning which will be considered peak time. John Edwards, chairman and founder of the Telework Coalition notes that “for every 1% reduction in the number of cars on the road there is a 3% reduction in traffic congestion.”[98] If the average number of vehicles on the road during rush is 100 million, a 10% increase in telecommuting would result in 6.7 (6.7%) million less private vehicles commuting to work during rush hour, or 20.1% decrease in congestion. In this scenario, the savings in wasted time and fuel would be $12.7 billon and 744 million hours would be saved as well as 462 million gallons of gasoline, which is equivalent to 4.8 million tons of greenhouse gas not being emitted into the atmosphere. This study makes no attempt to forecast future benefits of decreased congestion.
Since telecommuting reduces the need for office space, there is reduced energy use for a home office versus a commercial office, as well as energy savings that results from avoiding office building construction. What would the savings be, if each full time telecommuter resulted in one less office? Based on this study’s prediction of the number of telecommuters that could be added to the existing base and assuming that the average office worker utilizes 250 square feet of commercial office space, the total reduction in office space would equal 3.3 billion square feet.[99]
Since less corporate office space would be needed, there is an additional environmental savings because less energy will be expended constructing additional office space. We assume that for every 1 billion reduction in sq. ft of construction 8.5 million tons of greenhouse gas is not produced.[100] Thus by avoiding 3.3 billion sq. ft. of construction, 28.1 billion greenhouse gases would not be emitted. [101] These estimates do not take into account the reduction in power plant construction averted as the demand for electricity decreases which is a one-time benefit.
With less office space and because a home office uses less energy than a commercial office, there would be less electrical power used, which would produce additional environmental benefits. Assuming an average savings of 3500 kWh per home office and 13.3 million telecommuters, we estimate that the total energy savings would be 46.6 billion kWh per year.[102] According to federal government statistics from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory 2.3 pounds of CO2 are produced from using one kWh of electricity.[103] Converting this into tons of CO2 and including other greenhouse gases, the energy savings from reduced office space would be 56.8 million tons of greenhouse gases. This means that over the next ten years, the incremental cumulative benefit would be 312 million tons of greenhouse gases. Again, these benefits do not include any savings from reduction in commuters who use public transportation.
As previously noted, these environmental benefits come without sacrificing economic output and productivity. Thus, telecommuting can lead to increased profits for the firm, better work life balance for the employees, more employment especially for the disabled, mothers and rural residents, and less pollution and oil consumption for society, as well as lower prices and better quality for consumers. Encouraging the development of technology such as broadband services, which will facilitate the use of more telecommuting, could become one of the most important economic public policy initiatives, because it helps the environment while augmenting economic growth.
While this study provides a number of simple estimates of the environmental effects of information technologies, further research is needed to develop a more comprehensive analysis. Future studies should consider the increased jobs that could be eligible for telecommuting once high-speed “telepresence” video conferencing tools become common. These tools could open up telecommuting to those employees whose jobs require face-to-face contact with peers or clients. This may substantially increase the potential benefits beyond what has been already noted in this study. In addition, there are environmental and economic benefits from telecommuting that would result in reduced public transit use, which have not been measured in this study. In summary, while this study attempts to quantify many of the benefits of telecommuting, more work is needed.
IV. E-materialization
The convergence of telecommunications and computers are replacing the need to manufacture, publish, print and ship documents, books, CDs and DVDs; or as one author writes, “the Internet has the ability to turn retail buildings into Web sites and to turn warehouses into better supply chain software, to dematerialize paper and CD’s into electrons, and to turn trucks into fiber optic cables.”[104] Wired Magazine states “while those who produce electronic goods must expend the same capital, labor, and knowledge as those producing tangible goods, their products can be copied in nanoseconds, and transported at the speed of light.”[105] Thus, the Internet has a tremendous impact on delivering goods without the actual physical production and physical transportation of the good. This dematerialization which is sometimes referred to as e-materialization has and will have a significant impact on energy use and pollution.
E-materialization is becoming evident in much of what we do in our daily lives, in large part due to digital technologies and the Internet. As a result, the need for paper has diminished, as offices track products and complete reports electronically, airlines produce e-tickets, retail price tags are being replaced by barcodes and first-class U.S. mail is being replaced by e-mails, instant messages and text messages. Dentists and physicians no longer need to print x-ray films, because they can now be viewed from the computer in high resolution, and, for a second opinion, can later be transported worldwide over the Internet. The same is true of photography, where for most of us the need for film and photo processing is being replaced by digital technologies that allow them to be stored, copied, transmitted and shared worldwide, without producing a physical copy. Software, particularly updates, are less frequently being sold materially; giving way to more convenient downloaded versions. These activities provide environmental benefits by reducing energy used in production, as are material resources, including paper and plastic materials.
Today, users have moved toward more bandwidth intensive applications, such as downloading music and movies. According to IDC, the equivalent of one million times the storage of the Library of Congress would be needed to house just the digital information that was created last year.[106] Consumers are beginning to download videos and movies, which replace travel to retail and video rental stores. Adams Media Research estimates that consumers spent $111 million to download videos in 2006, and these expenditures are likely to increase to $4 billion by 2011, fueled, in part, by new services such as Apple TV.[107] By one report, YouTube streams in three months the combined data “of the world’s radio, cable and broadcast television channels;”[108] and, by another report, YouTube now serves 100 million video downloads per day.[109] Sony has plans to offer video downloads to its 20 million customers with its PlayStation Portable,[110] which comes on the heels of Xbox, which is now offering TV and movie downloads, including some in bandwidth-intensive high-definition format.[111] Amazon has its Unbox video download service and Sling Media has its Slingbox, both permitting watching movies on portable devices.[112] Besides a couple dozen peer-to-peer downloading services where consumers can swap movies, subscription services are also available from CinemaNow, MovieFlix, Starz Vongo, BitTorrent, Totalvid, Starz Real Movies and Movielink – all of which permit full movie downloads from the Internet, including high-definition format. Next, consider that Wal-Mart, which accounts for 40% of the DVDs sold in the U.S., now sells downloadable movies that you can watch on your PC.[113] Of course, there are many other services that sell downloadable games and music.
However, there appears to be one area where office workers and consumers could do more – namely, save paper. While in subsequent years the current value of shipments for manufactured paper and paper output have not surpassed the level of 1995, the promise of a paperless environment has failed to emerge. It could be that the computer has made it too easy for users to print what can be electronically shared. It may also be that having paper copies remains an artifact of old habits. However, the prevalence of inexpensive and dependable electronic storage media would suggest that the potential to reduce paper could be quite significant. More work is needed to identify this potential and the barriers that prevent the substitution of electronic media for common paper documents.
B. Summary and Estimation of Environmental Effects: E-Materialization Examples
1. Saving Plastic by Downloading Music
CDs and DVDs products, such as music, videos and games are being replaced by downloading, as computers, broadband services and online applications become more widely available. This downloading activity is evident in its impact on music sales. Unit sales of music CDs have decreased by 25% (267 million units) from 2000 to 2006 according to the Recording Industry Association of American,[114] and sales during the first quarter of 2007 appear to have declined by another 20%.[115] Digital downloading was virtually nonexistent just a few years ago, but that is clearly no longer the case. While 615 million plastic music CDs were shipped in 2006, 586 million digital singles, 28 million albums and 9.9 million music videos were downloaded last year.[116] The decline in CDs represents a reduced demand for plastic that is made mostly from petroleum.
What could be saved if CDs (and their cases) could be completely replaced by electronic and optical transmissions, such as downloading to personal computers, saving onto digital video recorders, ordering via video-on-demand services or by some other means? Given that 10 CDs (with cases) weigh roughly 2 pounds, and given the current level of 615 million CDs sold in 2006, the greenhouse savings from eliminating CDs can be roughly estimated by calculating the oil saved by not producing these CDs. By one estimate, recycling a ton of plastic saves 685 gallons of oil,[117] approximating the amount of oil contained (stationary) in plastic material. Because the amount of energy contained in plastic is roughly equal to the energy required during the manufacturing process, we use this figure as a rough estimate of the energy used in the manufacturing process.[118] The energy used in the production process is assumed to be the only portion directly associated with greenhouse gases emissions. We recognize that disposal of plastics through incineration will add additional pollutants, though we have not included these emissions in our estimates.[119] Based on this conservative approach, the elimination of CDs will save the equivalent of 42 million gallons of oil. Because there is 22 pounds of carbon per gallon of oil,[120] there are 0.5 million tons of emissions that could be saved. If this savings could be realized in the next ten years, the cumulative savings from eliminating plastic CD cases would be 2.5 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions. The reduction in plastics will also occur in DVDs, games cartridges and other forms of plastic media, none of which were included in this study’s estimate. In summary, there is no doubt that the substitution from physical units to digital downloads will continue as broadband services reach the vast majority of American homes.
2. Estimated Savings from U.S. Mail
The greatest effect of dematerialization is the use of paper. Consumers and businesses are increasingly automating their payments, using electronic means to conduct transactions and communicating by emails instead of first class mail. As a result of this transition from a paper to an electronic world, between 2002 and 2006, first class mail declined from 103.5 billion pieces to 97.6 billion pieces, a total decline of 5.9 billions pieces. At 41 cents per first class letter, consumers are saving $2.4 billion dollars in postage.
In addition, the environmental savings from reduced first-class mail is significant. Assuming each first class letter is just 1 ounce, the decline in first class mail is equivalent to a reduction in 184 thousand tons of paper. This means that about 4.4 million trees are saved and 608,000 cubic feet of landfill were spared in 2006, compared to 2000 levels.[121] The trees saved produce 575,000 tons of oxygen and filter out 133,000 tons of pollutants. While these figures reflect one year of savings, the benefits cumulate over many years.
The environmental impact is also considerable in terms of reduced chemicals that are used during the bleaching, as well as the energy and water necessary to cut, produce and bring paper to the market.[122] For instance, the annual savings from the reduction in demand from 2000 to 2006 reduces the amount of polluted water by 3.8 million gallons, solid wastes by 240,000 tons and electricity by 7.4 million BTUs. The greenhouse gas saved from the atmosphere (in terms of CO2 equivalence) is 610, 000 tons. In summary, the current effect of electronic communications has significantly reduced the demand for paper communications, without increasing consumer expenses.
However, these figures underestimate the complete effects from reduced first-class mail. As the figure below shows, based on a simple trend from 1997 to 2000, first-class mail volumes have been growing. If that growth continues, 111 billion pieces of first-class mail would have been delivered instead of 97.6 billion. This suggests that the effective decline in first-class volumes is much greater than estimated using a simple absolute decline. Based on this, if comparing the 2006 level to the 2000 level, the net greenhouse gases that are now being saved due to the decline in postal volume is equal to 1.4 million tons of greenhouse gas. There is no reason to believe that decline in volume will not continue, as broadband services reach the remaining 50% of U.S. households and mass market applications make it easier for consumers to conduct retail transactions, bank, receive newsletters, communicate and ship electronic documents to others, and pay their taxes. At the current rate of decline in first-class mail, the cumulative incremental 10-year savings from reduced paper consumption use will equal 7.3 million tons of greenhouse gases. Keep in mind that much of the mail that households receive are not considered first class mail, including postcards, newsletters and advertisements, which can and are being replaced by electronic communications as well. More research is needed to quantify these environmental benefits.
3. Estimated Savings from Lower Newspaper Circulation
Newspapers are increasingly being read online.[123] Compared to reading a newspaper, receiving the news on PDA wirelessly results in the release of 32 to 140 times less CO2 and several orders of magnitude less of nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide and the use of 26-185 times less water.[124] Catalogues, magazines, directories and other “printed” material are all affected by the Internet. The resulting decline in newspaper circulation can be directly linked to increased electronic information available on the Internet. [125] So, while a paperless society has not arrived, the demand for printed material is declining in large part due to the expansion of the Internet and online use.
Boston Consulting Group projected that by 2003 e-materialization will reduce the demand for paper by 2.7 million tons which would result in 9.1 million tons less of greenhouse gases being emitted into the environment.[126] By 2008 it estimated that the greenhouse gas savings would double to 18.2 million tons. This is a conservative estimate since the authors assumed that in 2003 only 44% of the US population would be Internet users.[127] It also does not take into account the decrease in square footage of buildings for retail, warehousing and production facilities as a result of e-materialization.
By one estimate, there are 14 million tons of newspapers printed each year.[128] Using the historical decline from 1999 to 2006 for daily and Sunday readership, newspaper print has declined by 1.7 million tons. This decline translates into 21 million trees that were saved each year, sparing 5.8 cubic yards of landfill, producing 2.7 million tons of oxygen and filtering out 628,000 tons of pollutants.
Since the paper industry uses the most energy, outside of the petroleum and chemical industries, the reduction has spared 2.5 million tons of solid wastes, saved 67 million BTUs of energy and 24.6 million gallons of polluted water. In terms of carbon emissions, the reduction in circulation has lead to 7.9 million tons less of greenhouse gases. The declining trend in newspaper circulation, which appears to be approximately 1.7% per year, is likely to continue.[129] Based on this trend, the 10-year cumulative incremental savings in greenhouse gases would be approximately 57.4 million tons.
4. Estimated Savings from Reduction in Office Paper
As broadband services become more widespread, workers telecommute and providers sell online content, paper of all kinds are reduced. Workers send invoices, bids and specs without printing a page, and doctors share x-rays in PDF format. Office memos are not copied; they are e-mailed. Just small changes in workers habits can make big changes to the environment.
One source estimates that the average office worker generates 10,000 pages of paper in one year.[130] The use of the computer, the Internet and broadband services can facilitate a considerable reduction in the use of office paper. For example, if the average worker generates just 5 fewer pages per year, 21 million trees would be saved,[131] 18 million fewer gallons of water would be polluted, 35 million BTUs of energy would be conserved and 2.9 million tons of greenhouse gases would not be released into the atmosphere. This number is quite conservative, providing a substantial opportunity for additional environmental benefits.
Similarly, as consumer broadband use continues to grow, the ability to save paper would provide considerable benefits to the environment. For example, if a household could save just one page of paper per day, that would spare 5 million trees per year, 4 million less gallons of water would be polluted, conserve 8.4 million BTUs of energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 700,000 tons.
While we cannot know all that e-materialization has and will save in terms of paper, plastics and other resources, it is certain that these technologies can provide major benefits to the environment. Therefore, policies that encourage the development of these technologies can have an increased positive environmental effect, without necessarily sacrificing economic output and productivity.
V. Telemedicine
Telemedicine applications are another commonly cited example of broadband benefits to residents and businesses. The type of broadband favored for telemedicine tends to be synchronous in download/upload speed, HIPPA compliant, with low jitter and consistent high bit-rate. Telemedicine applications allow doctors and hospitals to share and send video telecommunications, as well as X-ray and digital images, to other doctors and hospitals located in other parts of the country, thereby giving patients, especially those living in remote communities, better quality of care and increased convenience. Broadband services work to facilitate medical access to and advice from multiple medical specialists.[132] Today, telemedicine applications are being used to diagnose diseases such as diabetic retinopathy,[133] osteoporosis,[134] arthritis[135] and real time cancer detection.[136] They are also being used to monitor homebound patients with congestive heart failure and other serious illnesses. Broadband services are the means by which services and applications are made possible – by exchanging bandwidth-rich content, connecting patients to their doctors and giving doctors access to a pool of experts from across the country – in either “store and forward,” or real-time consults.
Information technology has greatly advanced the potential of telemedicine. Rural patients have the same access to care as patients living in a major metropolitan area without the need to travel. Patients are using the Internet; 10% have consulted with medical professionals online and 12% have purchased prescription drugs online.[137] Thus the number of visits to the doctor’s office is decreased as well as the number of trips to the pharmacy.
Danzon estimated that web-based claims processing alone would cut costs in 1999 by $1.8 billion.[138] One estimate finds that a national electronic patient record system could save $140 billion dollars per year by increasing care and eliminating duplicative testing.[139] Broadband can reduce medical errors through the use of electronic prescriptions.[140] The implementation of these three functions could greatly decrease the use of paper, including paper documents from doctors, patients, pharmacists, stores and payers, and thus be environmentally friendly. Also x-rays are now available over the Internet which greatly reduces the need to make hard copies of the film. This technology is environmentally friendly in that the use of chemicals for the development of films is decreased as well as the need to transport the developed films.
Telemedicine could improve patient recovery, decrease readmission, and reduce costs by 80% simply by allowing basic medical checks, such as for weight, blood pressure, blood sugar etc., that can be performed regularly at home and then transmitted to the central database.[141] Two physicians developed a remote monitoring system complete with high-resolution video feeds and real time real data on patient vital signs, allowing one doctor to tend to patients in multiple ICUs at once. At Johns Hopkins this type of telemedicine cut ICU deaths by 50% and saved 90 lives annually.[142]
The VA’s integrated chronic disease monitoring program has resulted in cost savings, decreasing hospital admissions by up to 60% and it saves lives.[143] If this program was used on 4 million Medicare patients posing the highest risk, net savings would be $30 billion with 1.7 million fewer admissions.[144]
Thus, information technology as applied to telemedicine is not only environmentally friendly but also saves lives, increases the quality of life of patients and decreases the cost of medical care.
B. Summary and Estimation of Environmental Effects: Telemedicine Example
Telemedicine applications vary, as do their benefits. In general, telemedicine is reputed to increase access to care, cut costs and deliver better clinical outcomes. For instance, telemedicine can provide collaboration between physicians, permit specialists to provide second opinions or make diagnoses, monitor homebound patients, thereby reducing nurse visits and help patients and doctors have access to medical resources – all remotely and in real time. While the benefits from telemedicine are clear, the precise benefits are harder to measure.
One clear example of the benefits of telemedicine is in-home health care, where studies have shown a decrease in emergency room visits and readmissions due to healthcare monitoring for patients, particularly those with congestive heart failure.[145] Besides these direct medical benefits, the reduction in-home health visits and patient visits to the hospital could produce sizable benefits to the environment.
By one estimate, there are a half a billion in-home health visits each year.[146] If we assume that the average visit requires the nurse to drive 10 miles one-way and if 33% of these visits can be completed through remote monitoring of vital signs and conversation with the patient, 3.3 billion miles will be saved, not to mention the travel time of the nurse – approximately, $1.5 billion in travel time, gas and vehicle expense. The actual time for evaluation of the patients’ vital signs may be decreased. This means that patients can be monitored more often at lower costs. In other words, medical resources can be stretched without sacrificing quality of services to patients.
In this scenario, the environmental benefits of tele-home visits appear quite enormous. By not using 159 million gallons of gasoline, 1.5 million tons of carbon dioxide and 100,000 tons of other greenhouse gases would not be released into the atmosphere. Tele-home health care is just part of the potential benefits that telemedicine can bring. Again, more work is needed to identify and measure these environmental benefits. There are areas of telehealth that seem to offer substantial environmental benefits that are not estimated here, including:
In-service training for clinicians, conducted using distance learning techniques such as live, two-way voice and video. This especially helps areas where there is a shortage of medical specialists. Remote training of clinicians can save time, road-trip miles and are an effective means to stay current on treatment practices.
In areas where telemedicine is not practiced, a rural patient with an acute problem is too often transported by ambulance, car or air-taxi to a suitable emergency room. Telemedicine could assist the doctor and patient to take the appropriate steps in treatment, thereby potentially reducing fuel consumption.
When a clinician and patient in a clinic need the opinion of a specialist, telemedicine allows them to send full records and set up a visual and audio link with a specialist of their choice to challenge or confirm the diagnosis and treatment plan. That saves pursuing inappropriate treatment, cost, delay, and of course fuel needed to complete that “visit” had the patient driven to get that second opinion.
VI. Teleconferencing
Teleconferencing technologies (video-based) have advanced sufficiently to enable firms to significantly decrease business travel. The current version, telepresence, allows for eye to eye contact between multiple participants, life size images, shared documents and no jerky video images.[147] This not only decreases the number of local trips but also plane and train travel. The cost of transportation associated with these business trips can be eliminated thus increasing both the profits and reaction time of the firm. Also, with this reduced travel employees will spend less time away from home which will enhance their work life balance. Video conferencing expends 500 times less energy than a 1000 km business flight.[148]
B. Summary and Estimation of Environmental Effects: Teleconferencing
Where teleconferencing displaces airline travel, the effect on the economy would be substantial. Today, there are 738.4 million passengers in one year, with the average mean travel distance of 1,055 miles.[149] If 10% of air travel could be replaced by teleconferencing, 77.9 billion miles could be saved, which would reduce greenhouse emissions by 36.3 million tons.[150] Based on this annual average, the 10-year incremental cumulative reduction in CO2 and other greenhouse gases would equal 199.8 million tons.
While the environmental benefits of teleconferencing are clear, more work is needed to identify the extent to which it can replace various modes of travel.
VII. Distance Learning
Some broadband-based applications and services appear to have clear benefits for rural communities, compared to urban communities. Broadband services facilitate distance learning, enabling students to receive an education from the comfort of their home.
This opens up the opportunity for students who for whatever reason can not obtain an education in a traditional classroom. For rural students, distance learning provides access to a wide choice of educational curriculums and programs.[151] Students who do not have the time to commute or cannot be in class at the same time each week or the disabled who may find it difficult to travel to school all can receive a better education from improved technology. Also, traditional students can and have taken advantage of the distance learning opportunity.
The Internet can be used for distance learning courses as well as learning in general. For example in Iowa which has many small rural schools and cannot afford the cost of an environmental program for each school, the Internet has allowed as many as 90 schools simultaneously to participate in various environmental education programs.[152] Also, the Internet can decrease trips to the library to do research. The Internet is also a valuable tool for people to learn about environmental issues. Thus, the Internet has the potential to decrease the use of transportation and the pollution that goes with it as people take advantage of these new found educational opportunities. This study makes no attempt to measure these benefits, which highlights the need for more research in this area.
VIII. Computers and Telecommunications Technologies: Costs vs. Benefits
A. Can Information Technologies Save More Energy Than They Use?
This study has provided extensive examples of how telecommunications services, as well as other technological advances, have and can reduce energy costs, carbon emissions and save trees. However, some have contended like Huber and Mills that information technology consumes 13% of U.S. electricity and will grow to 50% in 10 years.[153]
These contentions have been thoroughly disputed and corrected in subsequent research. For example, Koomey contends “that the Huber and Mills estimates of power used by the Internet are at least eight times too high and their estimates of total power use by office equipment is overstated by at least a power of four.”[154] Specifically, Koomey reports that the Internet consumes only 1% of US electricity not 8% and office equipment only 3% not 13%.[155] A study by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab supports these findings. It estimates that computers and all office equipment consume, at most, 3% of electricity and this will decrease as computers become more energy efficient.[156] Like offices, households expend only a few percent of their electricity on office computers and printers,[157] and computer servers use 1.2% of total electricity, including cooling and associated infrastructure.[158]
However, some information technology equipment and services can be used to reduce energy in ways that more than offset its electricity use. For instance, the Internet can directly save energy through remote energy management of commercial and residential buildings. Early trials of remote controlled home energy management systems suggest the savings in energy bills could be as high as 10%, a figure that far exceeds IT energy use.[159] Therefore, while the public needs to be mindful that high technology equipment uses energy, as this study shows, there are many useful applications for this equipment that can produce benefits – both environmental and economic – that exceed costs.
The Lawrence Berkeley National Lab also found that, for the period 2000 to 2010, the IT economy could decrease the growth of carbon emissions by 67% over what would otherwise occur.[160] In short, while computers and electronic equipment consume electricity, their negative effects on the environment, according to many studies, have been overstated.[161] In fact, while more work is needed to quantify the total effects, it would appear that information technologies provide benefits that far exceed costs.
B. Increased IT-Intensity Reduces Energy Use
There also appears to be a negative correlation between increased IT-intensity and energy use. Romm has found that “from 1996 through 1999, the U.S. experienced an unprecedented 3.2% annual reduction in energy intensity.”[162] Energy intensity is defined as energy consumed per dollar of GDP. Romm found that there is a relationship between reduction in energy intensity and the growth in information technology, including the Internet economy. Growth in the Internet economy can decrease energy in two ways. First, the IT sector is less energy-intensive than manufacturing and the Internet increases efficiency in every sector of the economy, including manufacturing.
There appears to be a negative correlation between Internet and energy use – namely, as the Internet has grown, energy use and carbon emissions have declined. Prior and during the commercialization of the Internet (1992-1996), GDP growth averaged 3.2% a year, whereas energy demand grew 2.4% and carbon dioxide emissions grew by 2%. In contrast, in the years when Internet use grew exponentially and became mainstream (1996-2000), GDP growth averaged 4% per year, while energy demand grew only 1% a year and carbon dioxide emissions grew only slightly above 1%.[163] The negative correlation between the Internet and energy use was noted by an administrator of the Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration, Jay Hakes, who pointed out that growth in US electricity demand has slowed since the Internet boom. In his 2000 testimony, he reported that “from 1985 to 1995, retail electricity sales grew at the rate of 2.6% per year. However, during the period 1995 to 1999, retail electricity sales have grown by 2.1% per year.”[164] In examining this negative correlation, Romm concludes that Internet use has not led to an increase in demand for electricity, but instead has led to energy efficiencies that have “resulted in the biggest drop in electricity intensity and energy intensity the nation has seen in decades.”[165]
C. IT-Use is Inextricably Linked to Economic Growth and Productivity
Numerous studies show an inextricable link between IT investment and the health of the U.S. economy. While total IT manufactured output accounted for a mere 2% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during 1990-1995,[166] IT capital investment contributed to nearly 30% of GDP growth for the same period.[167] Thus, an increase in IT investment produces a much larger increase in U.S. economic output.
According to a number of studies, IT investment, including investment in broadband networks, has provided an important catalyst for operational efficiency in the U.S. In one such study, Kevin Stiroh showed that industries with higher capital stock in telecommunications and computing equipment experienced higher productivity gains.[168] For the period 1989 to 2001, IT-intensive industries experienced a 3.0% increase in productivity, while less IT-intensive industries had productivity growth of only 0.4%. During the recent economic recession, IT-intensive industries experienced a 3.1% improvement in productivity, while less IT-intensive industries had a decline in productivity of –0.3%. Effectively, IT-intensive industries are responsible for nearly all of the productivity gains experienced in the economy in recent years.[169] Another study estimated that IT investment was responsible for 40% of the growth in total factor productivity and 68% of the accelerated growth in labor productivity.[170] Since IT manufacturing prices have fallen relative to the prices of other goods and services, the IT sector has been credited with reducing overall inflation by as much as 1% per year.[171]
Because IT investment has led to increased economic activity, it has created many new well paying jobs – jobs that pay approximately twice that of other private sector jobs.[172] In a recent issue of the Occupational Outlook Handbook, the Bureau of Labor Statistics projects eight of the nine fastest growing occupations to be in the IT sector.[173] In addition, the creation of IT jobs can have large spillover effects into other industries. For example, one report estimated that every Microsoft job leads to the creation of 6.7 other jobs.[174]
Consistent with the general conclusion that IT investment spurs economic growth and productivity, a handful of studies have made a direct link between broadband investment and consumer benefits. According to one study by Crandall and Jackson, the ubiquitous deployment of broadband services would create $500 billion of consumer benefits.[175] Two studies estimated that a ubiquitous deployment of broadband services would create 1.2 million new jobs, both direct to building and maintaining a broadband network as well as spillover effects into other industries.[176] In terms of investment, one of these studies reported that for every one million dollars of broadband investment, 18 new jobs are created in the economy.[177] Another one of these studies estimated that every worker employed in manufacturing and constructing a broadband network produces 4.1 other workers elsewhere in the economy.[178] Still another recent study assumed that broadband deployment would result in very high productivity gains, create 212,000 direct and indirect jobs, and produce a massive $634 billion in economic output.[179]
This study has shown that information technologies can produce significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and can do so without sacrificing economic growth and productivity. In fact, a review of the literature shows that broadband investment and use have significant stimulative effects on economic growth and productivity, providing the best of both worlds – improving both environmental and economic welfare.
IX. Summary and Conclusion
Advancements in technologies, most notably computers, telecommunications and high-speed Internet services, are being used to change the way consumers and businesses shop, travel, work and use products. These technological changes result in productivity benefits and measurable savings to consumers and businesses, but they also produce clear, though largely invisible and unnoticed, environmental benefits. While studies show that the productivity of a teleworker can increase, the savings to the environment can be immense. Workers and consumers routinely send and receive electronic documents that once were printed on paper, thereby saving trees, reducing air and water pollution and saving the energy needed for manufacturing, distribution and sales. Newspaper circulation is declining, in large part due to increased electronic forms of news. Home-monitoring of patients is leading to fewer emergency room visits and readmissions, while reducing the air pollution associated with some home visits by nurses. These trends are likely to continue.
This paper has reviewed the literature, estimated the current level of the environmental effects and forecasted the 10-year cumulative incremental environmental benefits that these technological changes will have in terms of reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The summary table (on the next page) shows that the potential benefits are immense, exceeding one billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions over the next ten years. The greatest potential for greenhouse reductions appears to be in e-commerce (206 million tons), telecommuting (over a half a billion tons), teleconferencing (200 million tons) and paper reduction (57 million by reductions in newspaper circulation alone). If all of the greenhouse reductions noted in this study were converted into energy saved, we forecast that IT applications could save 555 million barrels of oil by year 10, or roughly 11% of the oil imported into the U.S. today.[180] Also, there are countless other potential benefits that were noted as likely candidates, but not measured in this study, which suggests that the potential environmental benefits of these technologies could be much greater. More research is needed to analyze and quantify these other benefits.
In general, the evidence presented in this study shows that broadband-driven technologies can make a sizable contribution to reducing carbon emissions, as well as many other environmental benefits. This suggests that technological innovations such as these should be part of any comprehensive energy policy.
On the other hand, since public policy for energy and environmental quality is shaped by a different set of regulators than those who govern information technology and specifically broadband, it is in the public interest that they collaborate in preserving the track record and promise of information technology in curtailing greenhouse gas emissions at the same time as they foster economic growth. In a sense, the need for a “best of both worlds balance” is the main policy lesson from our study of information technology’s and broadband’s contribution to environmental preservation.
In terms of policy development, the promise of these advancements and their contribution to the environment cannot be fully realized without the encouragement of ubiquitous advanced technologies and widespread use of broadband services by consumers and businesses. As noted in this study, only half of American households subscribe to broadband Internet services, limiting the extent to which these environmental benefits can be fully realized. It is also likely that more widespread use of broadband services will lead to further innovation of services and applications that will produce even greater benefits for the environment, beyond those anticipated in this study. These innovations may include even faster Internet speeds, increased reliability and features that make online activities and transactions safer and more secure. To this extent, this study underestimates the potential for even greater greenhouse gas reductions and other environmental benefits.
On the other hand, public policies that impede the deployment of these technologies, such as regulations and taxes, would slow broadband investment, reduce consumption and deployment of broadband services, and threaten the potential environmental benefits – most notably the reduction in greenhouse gases. However, while acknowledging the link between broadband development and environmental benefits, further policy discussions of how to best encourage adoption of broadband is beyond the scope of this study.
In summary, this study investigates the role that telecommunications and information technologies can play in improving the environment and finds that these technologies have and can play a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Further work is needed to explore policies that would encourage advances in telecommunications technologies, along with a sound and comprehensive energy policy that encourages energy efficiency, clean energy sources, independence, conservation and other factors – all of which can make a meaningful and sizable improvement in our environment by slowing energy use, conserving our water and natural resources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While this study has attempted to measure many of these benefits, much more work is needed to refine these measures and add to the collection of information on the subject.
[1] “In the Greenhouse: Confronting a Changing Climate,” Washington Post, July 15, 2007.
[2] This figure includes all greenhouse gas emissions, was converted from metric tons to U.S. (short) tons and is from Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy. The raw data and its detail are available for download at http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/pdf/ghgeuse_table.pdf.
[3] Kagan Research: Broadband Cable Financial Databook 2006. Kagan reports cable high speed data service is available to at least 94% of all U.S. households. The National Cable & Telecommunications Association reports 119.1 million housing units in 2006, citing Kagan Research at www.ncta.com.
[4] A policy discussion of how to best encourage the adoption of broadband services is beyond the scope of this study.
[5] According to the Department of Energy’s National Information Administration, available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggccebro/chapter1.html.
[6] This is a 2001 estimate from the Department of Energy. For more information, visit the Energy Information Administration’s environmental website at www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html.
[7] “A Bargain,” The Economist, May 4, 2007. A 0.1% reduction in worldwide GDP in each of the next 43 years is estimated to be the cost to “stabilise greenhouse-gas concentrations at 550 parts per million,” according to www.economist.com/world/international/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=9135283.
[8] Robert J. Shapiro, “Addressing the Risks of Climate Change: The Environmental Effectiveness and Economic Efficiency of Emissions Caps and Tradable Permits, Compared to Carbon Taxes,” The American Consumer Institute, Feb. 2007, downloadable at www.aci-citizenresearch.org.
[9] High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of June 30, 2006,” Industry Analysis and Technology Division, Wireline Competition Bureau, FCC, Washington, DC, January 2007, Table 1.
[10] Ashok B. Boghani, Eric W. Kimble and Ethan E. Spencer, “Can Telecommunications Help Solve America’s Transportation Problem,” Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge, MA, February, 1991.
[11] Boghani, Kimble and Spencer, pp. 1-2.
[12] “E-Stats,” U.S Census Bureau, May 25, 2007, p. 2.
[13] Sucharita Mulpuru, “Topic Overview: US Online Retail” Forrester, March 13, 2007, p. 2.
[14] Jeffrey Grau, “Retail E-Commerce: Future Trends,” eMarketer, February, 2006, p .6
[15] Rockbridge Associates Inc., “2005/2006 National Technology Readiness Survey,” Summary Report, Great Falls, VA, July 12, 2006, p. 13.
[17] Ibid, p. 14.
[18] Robert D. Atkinson and Andrew S. McKay, “Digital Propensity: Understanding the Economic Benefits of the Information Technology Revolution,” The Information & Technology Foundation, Washington D.C. March 2007, p. 27.
[19] Michael W. Toffel and Arpad Horvath, “Environmental Implications of Wireless Technologies: News Delivery and Business Meetings,” Environmental Science and Technology, 2004, citing Matthews, p. A.
[20] Toffel and Horvath, p. A.
[21] Joseph Romm, “The Internet and the New Energy Economy,” Center for Energy and Climate Solutions, Global Environment and Technology Foundation, 2002, p. 11.
[22] Jeffrey Grau, “US Retail E-Commerce” eMarketer, June 2006, p.7.
[23] Romm, p. 6.
[26] “The Collaborative Commerce Value Statement: A $223 Billion Cost Savings Opportunity Over Six Years, Module B-to-B Commerce & Applications, Vol. 6:6, Yankee Group, June 14, 2001.
[27] “Fueling New Supply Chain Practices,” MIT Center for Transportation & Logistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, downloadable at http://ctl.mit.edu/index.pl?id=7165.
[29] Atkinson and McKay, p. 26.
[30] Romm, p. 14.
[31] Alice Jackson, Chris Lee, Qisheng Pan and Joe Weber, “ICT, Innovation and the Transport System, Star/Stella, March 31, 2003, p. 4.
[33] All of these figures are from “E-Stats,” U.S Census Bureau, May 25, 2006, and are available online at http://www.census.gov/eos/www/ebusiness614.htm.
[34] “U.S. Retail Forecast, 2006-2011,” JupiterResearch, 2007.
[35] Throughout this study, we provide forecasts of several activities in terms of their reduction in total greenhouse gases. These forecasts do not include any existing benefits, only those benefits predicted to accrue over the next ten years. As a result, the forecast values presented in this paper reflects the new cumulative benefits covering the forecast period. For consistency, the sections to follow will use the same approach in presenting 10-year forecasts.
[36] Highway Statistics: 2005, U.S. Federal Highway Administration, October 2006.
[37] See http://www.globalgreen.org.
[38] See http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/420f05004.htm.
[39] This statistic comes from the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics. See www.sba.gov for more information.
[41] For instance, Park Associates estimates that 52% of U.S. households have broadband services, as of first quarter 2007. See National Technology Scan, Park Associates, 2007, press release available for download at http://www.parksassociates.com/press/press_releases/2007/nat_scan1.html.
[42] “U.S. Workers Waste $3.9 Billion Annually by Not Telecommuting,” Rockbridge, new release, downloadable at www.rockresearch.com/news_071206.php. In addition, 9% work at home on occasion.
[44] 2007 Survey Brief, Dieringer Research Group, Telework Trendlines for 2006, commissioned by WorldatWork, February 2007, Figure 3. These and other data, as well as related analyses Joanne H. Pratt Associates can be found www.Joannepratt.com.
[45] See http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf. Dieringer Research Group survey is sponsored by WorldatWork.
[47] Ibid, Figures 1 and 2.
[48] Stephen Barr, “Senators Push for More Telecommuting,” Washington Post, March 30, 2007, p. D4. For federal government telework and telecommuting programs, see the General Services Administration, Office of Personnel Management at www.telework.gov.
[51] Ted Balaker, “The Quiet Success: Telecommuting’s Impact on Transportation and Beyond,” Reason Foundation, Los Angeles, November, 2005, executive summary.
[52] Ibid, p. 1.
[53] Rockbridge Associates Inc., p 8.
[54] Balaker, p. 16.
[55] Pitney Bowes, “Commute Options Programs,” see http://www.bwc.gov/pdf/awlp/commute_opts.pdf.
[56] For more information, see “From Home to Work, the Average Commute is 26.4 Minutes,” Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation, Vol. 3:4, October 2004, available online at http://www.bts.gov/publications/omnistats/volume_03_issue_04/html/entire.html.
[58] Rockbridge Associates Inc., p. 9. This assumes a round trip commute of 20 miles and 40 minutes with an average of 21 miles per gallon and a price of $2.89 a gallon. This assumption is very conservative, considering that government statistics report the average one-way commute to be 15 miles and 26.4 minutes. See “From Home to Work, the Average Commute is 26.4 Minutes,” Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation, Vol. 3:4, October 2004, available online at http://www.bts.gov/publications/omnistats/volume_03_issue_04/html/entire.html.
[59] Brad Allenby and Joseph Roitz, “Implementing the Knowledge Economy: The Theory and Practice of Telework” Batten Institute Working Paper, 2003, p. 35.
[61] Allenby and Roitz, p. 12.
[63] Martha Frase-Blunt, “Call Centers Come Home,” HR Magazine, January 2007, p. 86.
[64] Patrick J. Kriger, “Flexibility to the Fullest,” Workforce Management, September 25, 2006.
[65] Jennifer Taylor Arnold, “Making the Leap,” HR Magazine, May 2006.
[67] Arnold.
[73] Ibid, pp. 34-5.
[77] Robert E. Litan, “Great Expectations: Potential Economic Benefits to the Nation from Accelerated Broadband Deployment to Older Americans and Americans with Disabilities,” New Millennium Research Council, December 2005.
[80] Balaker, p. 5.
[81] Bill Moyers, “The Outsourcing Debate,”various reports, Public Broadcasting Service, visit www.pbs.org/now/politics/outsourcedebate.html and www.pbs.org/now/politics/outsource.html.
[82] Clare Ansberry, “Outsourcing Abroad Draws Debate at Home,” Wall Street Journal, July 14, 2003, p. A2. Also see John C. McCarthy, “3.3 Million US Services Jobs to Go Offshore,” Forester Research Brief, November 11, 2002, at www.forrester.com/ER/Research/Brief/Excerpt/0,1317,15900,00.html.
[84] Martha Frase-Blunt, “Call Centers Come Home,” HR Magazine, January 2007, pp. 84-89.
[86] Stephen Loynd, “VIPdesk Helps Chart the Future: Homeshoring Brand Ambassadors and the Shifting of the Customer Management Landscape,” IDC, 2006, p. 5.
[87] See http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf.
[88] “National Household Travel Survey: Daily Travel Quick Facts” Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Department of Transportations, available at www.bts.gov/programs/national_household_travel_survey/daily_travel.html.
[89] “From Home to Work, the Average Commute is 26.4 Minutes,” Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation, Vol. 3:4, October 2004. This report, statistics and methodology are available online at http://www.bts.gov/publications/omnistats/volume_03_issue_04/html/entire.html.
[90] Assuming there are 240 commuting days per year, an average weekly hour of a production worker as of March 2007 (see www.bls.gov), and workers commuting 5 times per week. In calculated lost time, this estimate is based on the 133 million workers that commute in a private car.
[91] This assumes an average hours per week of 34 hours, as measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. See www.bls.gov for these statistics.
[92] This assumes an average hourly wage of $19.83, which is based on an average from the 2005 BLS National Compensation Survey, and reflects an annual increase of 3.2% for 2006 and 2007, representing the approximate increase in the Employment Cost Index. All wage and employment cost statistics are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics at www.bls.gov. Vehicle costs are based on the 2006 IRS estimate of 45 cents per mile traveled.
[93] Environmental Protection Agency estimate for the conversion of gallons to tons of carbon dioxide can be found at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/420f05001.htm.
[94] These other factors are based on an Environmental Protection Agency emission model, Mobile 6, as displayed in the Telework Coalition’s Teletrips Emissions Calculator found at http://www.telcoa.org/id134.htm.
[96] As stated before, this figure in addition to any current savings and represent the cumulative benefits over a ten-year period. All forecasts will be represented in the same manner.
[97] Tim Lomax and Davic Schrank, “2005 Annual Urban Mobility Report,” Texas Transportation Institute, 2006.
[98] “It all adds up to cleaner air,” Quarterly Newsletter, Winter 2006.
http://www.italladdsup.gov/newsletter/winter06/experts.html.
[99] A typical office (with overhead space) can vary between 175 to 300 sq feet per employee, according to AllBusiness.com at http://www.allbusiness.com/.
[100] This assumption comes from “Paper and the Electronic Media,” Boston Consulting Group, September 1999.
[101] “Paper and the Electronic Media,” Boston Consulting Group, September 1999.
[102] This is approximately the midpoint between the differences in commercial office energy use minus home office energy use. See, Romm, p. 35.
[103] Available at http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/faq.html.
[104] Romm, p. 9. Updating Romm’s quote, it is worth noting that, with the use of fiber technologies in local and backbone networks, electronic goods are frequently transported as photons in passive optical networks, which requires far less energy than more traditional electronic transmission systems.
[105] Brad Cox, “Superdistribution,” Wired, September, 1994.
[106] Brian Bergstein, “Tech Researchers Calculate Digital Info,” The Associated Press, March 6, 2007.
[107] “Spending on Video Downloads to Survey: Study,” Reuters, February 21, 2007.
[108] Bret Swanson, “The Coming Exaflood,” Wall Street Journal, Commentary, January 2007, p. A11.
[109] Marshall Kirkpatrick, “YouTube Serves 100m Videos Each Day,” Tech Crunch, July 17, 2006, downloaded from www.techcrunch.com.
[110] Matthew Garrahan, “Sony to Enter Video Download Market, Financial Times, December 17, 2006.
[111] Daniel Terdiman, “Xbox Cues up TV, Movie Downloads,” CNET News, November 6, 2006.
[112] Rob Pegoraro, “Slingbox Video Streaming Not Perfect, but Remarkable,” Washington Post, March 23, 2006, p. D5.
[113] David Lieberman, “Curtain’s Finally Rising on Movie Downloading: Wal-Mart’s Entry into the Biz Signals It’s Hitting Big Time, USA Today, March 8, 2007, p. 1B.
[114] For industry data see Recording Industry Association of American at http://www.riaa.com/keystatistics.php.
[115] Ethan Smith, Sales of Music, Long in Decline, Plunge Sharply,” Wall Street Journal, March 21, 2007, p. A1.
[116] Again, industry data is available at http://www.riaa.com/keystatistics.php.
[117] See http://www.grist.org/advice/ask/2007/03/14/plastics/ for the amount saved by reusing plastic.
[118] Approximately 50% of energy is used as feedstock to make plastic resin, while a roughly equal portion is used in the manufacturing process, according to http://www.drf.umd.edu/Recycling/documents/3-Stillnotconvinced.pdf, citing recyclenow.com. We will leave it to further research to refine this rough estimate.
[119] To repeat, our estimates only include the energy used in the manufacturing process, not the energy contained in plastic material.
[120] Several sources report this. For example, see Mike Tidwell, “Food and the Climate Crisis: What you Eat Affects the Sky,” Sierra Club Redwood Chapter Newsletter, Sierra Club, December/January 2005, fn. 2, citing U.S. EPA.
[121] Estimates vary and have been available at www.epa.gov, as well as various other organizations, such as http://www.unlv.edu/facilities/recycling/reports.html http://www.recycledpapercraft.com/prespap.htm and http://www.conservatree.com/learn/Essential%20Issues/EIGoingOn.shtml.
[122] In converting the resulting savings in solid wastes, energy emissions, atmospheric emissions and waterborne waters from an initial savings of newsprint and office paper, this study relies on “Lifecycle Environmental Comparison: Virgin Paper and Recycled Paper-based Systems,” Environmental Defense, Paper Task Force, White Paper #3, updated February 2002, available at http://www.environmentaldefense.org/documents/1618_WP3.pdf.
[123] David Lieberman, “Newspaper Sales Dip, but Websites Gain,” USA Today, Inside Money, May 9, 2006.
[124] Toffel and Horvath, p. D. For this estimate, the unit of analysis is one person reading the daily news for 1 year.
[125] Lieberman, May 9, 2006.
[126] Romm, p. 39.
[127] Ibid.
[128] In 2005, the U.S. supply was 14 million tons, according to “The Source: Newspapers by the Numbers,” Newspaper Association of America, Arlington, VA, 2006, p. 40.
[129] This declining trend was calculated using the last six years of the average daily and Sunday readership. This percent was applied to current level of newspaper production (14 million tons) to produce the expected savings due to electronic media. Readership volumes came from Journalism.org’s The State of the News Media, downloadable at http://www.stateofthenewsmedia.org/2005/narrative_newspapers_newsinvestment.asp?cat=6&media=2.
[130] See http://eetd.lbl.gov/paper/ideas/html/copyfactsA.htm.
[131] One tree produces 25,000 pages, according to this National Geographic’s The Green Guide. For more information, visit http://www.thegreenguide.com/doc/gginnews/nytimes100506.
[132] For one example of telemedicine applications, see the Center for Telehealth at the University of Georgia, Augusta, GA at http://www.mcg.edu/telehealth.
[133] “Telemedicine Application Fights Diabetic Blindness Epidemic,” Science Daily, April 18, 2000, available for download at http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/04/000417100749.htm.
[134] There are a number of telemedicine programs for osteoporosis: post-fracture care for osteoporosis at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences and Osteoporosis-Telehealth at North Network, both in Ontario, Canada; see, http://www.ices.on.ca/webpage.cfm?site_id=1&org_id=2&morg_id=0&gsec_id=2079&item_id=2079&category_id=46 and http://www.northnetwork.com/about/specialprojects.shtml, respectively.
[135] In North Dakota, St. Alexius Medical Center offers telemedicine Rheumatology/Arthritis services. For more information, see http://www.st.alexius.org/news/details.asp?NewsID=160.
[136] For a general discussion of this and other telemedicine projects see, R. S. Weinstein, A. M. Lopez, et. al., “The Innovatative Bundling of Telereadiology, Telepathology, and Teleoncology services, IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2007, available for download at http://researchweb.watson.ibm.com/journal/sj/461/weinstein.html.
[137] Rockbridge Associates Inc., p. 5.
[138] Litan, p. 15.
[139] “Secretary Thompson Seeking Fastest Possible Results, Names First Health Information Technology Coordinator,” E-Gov, White House press release, May 6, 2004, available for download at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/egov/press_releases/gtob/040506_chi.html.
[140] Litan.
[141] Balaker, p. 28.
[145] Referring to the use of so-called electronic nurses for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), Terry Goodwin, vice president of Montefiore’s Home Health Agency said, “In one study, visits by CHF patients to emergency rooms decreased by 61.7 percent and readmissions to hospitals decreased by 65.9 percent.” For information on this study see http://www.montefiore.org/whoweare/stories/electronic_nurses.
[146] According to http://informatics.cpmc.columbia.edu/edu/topics/New%20Folder/homehealthcare.htm.
[147] “The Telepresence Promise”, MSNBC.com, April 16, 2007, “videoconferencing reaches a new threshold of reality when the people you’re seeing are nearly life-sized, moving naturally (without that Max Headroom lag-time) and speaking with sound as clear as a CD,” see: www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18055679.
[148] Toffel and Horvath, p. B.
[149] Air passengers and mean miles are from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/tables/07s1048.xls Source: Air Transport Association of America, Washington, DC, Air Transport Annual Report.
[150] Carbon Counter estimates that 1 million miles of air travel produces 439 tons of CO2 per individual passenger, according to http://www.carboncounter.org/.
[151] For example, Old Dominion University in Norfolk, VA has graduated more than 3,500 students from its distance learning program, which services students from across the state, as well as areas as far away as Arizona and Washington state (see http://www.odu.edu/oduhome/distance.shtml).
[152] “The Internet and Conservation Report” Taubman Center for State and Local Government, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Spring 2001.
[153] Peter W. Huber and Mark Mills, “Dig more coal-the PCs are coming” Fortune, May 31, 1999, pp. 70-72.
[154] Jonathan G. Koomey, “Sorry, Wrong Number” IEEE Spectrum, June 2003, p.12.
[155] Jonathan Koomey, Karou Kawamoto, Matyanne Piette, Richard Brown and Bruce Nordam, “Initial Comments on the Internet Begins with Coal,” memo to Skip Laitner (EPA), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, December 1999. http://enduse.lbl.gov/Projects/infotech.html.
[156] Atkinson and McKay, p. 28.
[157] A household uses 1.5% of its electricity on a desktop computer plus 0.2% for a printer with fax capability according to http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/recs2001/enduse2001/enduse2001.html.
[158] This is an amount roughly equal to a color television. See Jonathan G. Koomey, “Estimating Total Power Consumption by Servers in the U.S. and the World,” February 15, 2007. The study is available for download at http://enterprise.amd.com/Downloads/svrpwrusecompletefinal.pdf.
[161] Alan Chen of Berkeley Lab comments on a number of these studies in his feature for Science Beat, available at http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/net-energy-studies.html.
[162] Romm, p. 1.
[164] Ibid, p. 15.
[166] “Digital Economy 2002,” Appendix, Table A-3.2, based on the gross product originating for all IT manufacturers.
[167] Dale W. Jorgenson, “Information Technology and the U.S. Economy,” Presidential Address to the American Economic Association, New Orleans, January 6, 2001, p. 27.
[168] Kevin J. Stiroh, “Investing in Information Technology: Productivity Payoffs for U.S. Industries,” Current Issues in Economics and Finance, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 7:6, June 2001.
[169] Digital Economy 2003, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Dec. 2003.
[170] Stephen D. Oliner and Daniel E. Sichel, “The Resurgence of Growth in the Late 1990s: Is Information Technology the Story?” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14:4, Fall 2000, pp. 3-22.
[171] Estimates have varied over the years. See The Emerging Digital Economy II, United States Department of Commerce, June 2000; and Digital Economy, United States Department of Commerce, (Various years).
[172] Digital Economy 2002, Chapter 5, p. 41.
[173] Occupational Outlook Handbook: 2002-2003 Edition, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC, Chapter on Tomorrow’s Jobs, Chart 8.
[174] Michael Mandel, “The New Business Cycle,” BusinessWeek, March 31, 1997; and “The New Economy,” The Keystone Spirit: Putting Technology to Work at sites.state.pa.us/PA_Exec/DCED/tech21/b-neweconomy.htm. These sources report the multiplier effects for the general economy to be 1.5 to 2.0.
[175] Robert W. Crandall and Charles L. Jackson, “The $500 Billion Opportunity: The Potential Economic Benefit of Widespread Diffusion of Broadband Internet Access,” Criterion Economics, L.L.C., July 2001.
[176] This result was reported in two independent studies using different methodologies, see Stephen Pociask, “Building a Nationwide Broadband Network: Speeding Job Growth,” TeleNomic Research, Herndon, VA, February 25, 2002; and Robert W. Crandall, Charles L. Jackson and Hal J. Singer, “The Effect of Ubiquitous Broadband Adoption on Investment, Jobs and the U.S. Economy, Criterion Economics for the New Millennium Research Council, September 2003.
[177] This was the assumption used by Crandall, Jackson and Singer, 2003, p. 14.
[178] Pociask, 2002.
[179] Thomas W. Hazlett, Coleman Bazelon, John Rutledge and Deborah Allen Hewitt, “Sending the Right Signals: Promoting Competition Through Telecommunications Reform,” A Report to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC, September 22, 2004. The authors are from the Manhattan Institute, Analysis Group, Rutledge Capital and the College of William and Mary, respectively.
[180] We assumed that a gallon of oil is equivalent to 40.5 kWh, 42 gallons per barrel and similar standard measures and calculated the annual savings in year 10. For comparison, there were is approximately 5 billion barrels of oil imported into the U.S. in 2006. These assumptions and U.S. crude oil and petroleum products imports come from www.eia.doe.gov and our estimates are only approximate.
Filed Under: Consumer Tips / Health, ENERGY / Environment, Health, News, Technology
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Money Can’t Buy…
Rebekah Brooks and Andy Coulson Face Bribery Charges
Rebekah Brooks and Andy Coulson face bribery charges. By Peter Jukes.
Peter Jukes
The former CEO of News International, Rebekah Brooks, and David Cameron’s former chief press officer, Andy Coulson, were told by Alison Levitt, QC, principal legal adviser to the crown prosecution service, that they faced additional charges of illegal payments to public officials.
Both Brooks and Coulson have already been charged with multiple instances of phone hacking and are due to stand trial in September next year, with Brooks facing additional charges of attempting to cover up the scandal when it emerged in summer 2011. Coulson faces perjury charges relating to a phone-hacking trial in Scotland.
Coulson faces charges of conspiring with Clive Goodman, the former royal correspondent of the now-shuttered News of the World, to pay for the “Green Book”—a directory of all contact details for the royal family and household. Goodman is, so far, the only News International employee to be jailed over phone hacking. He was sentenced to eight months in 2007 for accessing phone messages of aides to Prince William and Prince Harry, and when the sentence was passed, Andy Coulson resigned from his editorship of News of the World. Six months later he became David Cameron’s communications supremo. For the next four years, News International claimed Goodman was one “rogue reporter.”
Brooks is charged along with John Kay, chief reporter of Murdoch’s popular British daily tabloid, The Sun, for conspiracy to commit misconduct in public office, for payments totaling approximately $160,000 to a Ministry of Defence employee, Bettina Jordan Barber. The money was allegedly for a series of stories that appeared in The Sun from 2004 to 2011.
Tuesday’s charges refer to only five of the 54 individuals so far arrested and questioned under Operation Elveden, Scotland Yard’s investigation into corrupt payments at News International, News Corp.’s dominant publishing subsidiary, which commands over 40 percent of Britain’s national newspaper readership.
With Monday’s New York Times reporting that Rupert Murdoch has his “mojo back” after a difficult sixteen months since the phone-hacking scandal erupted in London, the reminder of the alleged criminal activity of his former top confidante and executive, Brooks, will come as a unwelcome nudge regarding trials and further investigations that could last for years on both sides of the Atlantic.
As reported exclusively on The Daily Beast, there are further allegations that The Sun paid a U.S. military official for photographs of Saddam in his underwear while in American captivity, which were simultaneously published in The New York Post.
Since those revelations News Corp. has refused to deny a U.S. military payment was made, but called the revelation a “lame attempt to resurrect old news.” The Daily Telegraph reported that the transaction took place in California, but sources inform The Daily Beast that the money could have been paid to the U.S. official outside the United States and therefore be difficult to trace.
Given the simultaneous publication of the Saddam photos in New York and London, however, there is always a possibility that an email discussion about the transaction and publication took place among senior executives. If so, a record of this could remain on “Datapool 3”—some 300 million emails from News International that have been the main source of evidence for the current corruption charges.
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Serious crime in New London down slightly in 2012
Published October 12. 2013 12:01AM | Updated October 13. 2013 12:19AM
By Greg Smith Day Staff Writer
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New London - The number of serious crimes dropped slightly in the city in 2012 and despite a significant drop in manpower this year, police officials say they are on track to hold steady or even record another dip in crime in 2013.
The city's crime rate, the highest in New London County, decreased overall for so-called index crimes that include murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft and arson, according to statistics compiled in the annual publication Crime in Connecticut, which follows a national Uniform Crime Reporting Program maintained by the Connecticut State Police Crime Analysis Unit.
Reported rapes, burglaries and larcenies were down last year while motor vehicle thefts, assaults and robberies were up. There were three murders reported in both 2011 and 2012. New London has averaged two murders a year since 2002, the last year the city went without one.
Murder numbers, for purposes of the report, include manslaughter cases in which a homicide involved gross negligence. There was one homicide reported in the city this year - the August shooting death of 29-year-old Jesus Pinero. That case remains unsolved.
While this year's overall crime numbers are shaping up to be flat or slightly below 2012 numbers, Deputy Police Chief Peter Reichard said assaults are down compared to last year and drug violations are significantly higher. He said there were 114 drug violations logged at this time last year and 189 so far this year - a 65 percent increase.
He said there was a drop in drug violations last year as investigators spent months working with federal officials on an operation that culminated in April with federal charges against more than 100 people connected to a drug trafficking and money laundering operation. Street-level arrests also are back up again this year and contributing to the higher numbers.
Reichard said many arrests so far this year have involved heroin and synthetic marijuana, which was banned in Connecticut last year after several years of being sold on convenience store shelves.
Police arrested four people Wednesday on Coit Street where police seized more than a pound of synthetic marijuana, along with other drugs and packaging material. In July, state police pulled over a New London man who police said was transporting 900 bags, or 23 pounds, of synthetic marijuana with an estimated street value of $18,000. A local man was arrested in February after police seized about 500 packages of K2, a variety of synthetic marijuana, during a raid at Sam's Food/Ravi Petro convenience store at 290 Broad St.
Reichard said there may not be a simple explanation for the drop in reported crimes in 2012 but there may be a correlation to a community-based policing strategy that shifts more officers to problem areas.
"It's more or less a chess game," Reichard said. "Extra officers are deployed to specific targeted areas. Hopefully the mere presence of officers in the areas … acts as a deterrent."
Reichard said the department used overlapping patrol shifts last year that effectively doubled the number of officers during specific times and in targeted areas. With a recent drop in manpower, however, he said the extra patrols are used to a lesser extent. "We at present just don't have the extra manpower to do it seven days a week," he said.
More than a dozen officers have left for other jobs in the past year following cuts to the department's budget and threats of layoffs. The number of uniformed officers dropped from 80 last year to below 70 this year.
Mayor Daryl Justin Finizio issued a statement on the release of the latest crime statistics. "The administration believes that better patrol strength allocations instituted by the police chief, and deputy chief, have had a positive effect on crime reduction," Finizio said. "Continued integration of community policing methodologies in our department will continue this trend, along with installation of better lighting and surveillance cameras throughout our city. The city also plans to begin hiring new officers and replacing vehicles and equipment, as long as our budget remains balanced and stable."
Along with a drop in serious crimes, New London police also recorded a drop in the total number of arrests, from 1,450 in 2011 to 1,141 in 2012, according to the report. Those arrests range from murder and rape to drunken driving and disorderly conduct.
Reichard said an analysis of 10 years worth of crime numbers show an encouraging trend of an increased number of crimes solved, dating back to a low of 14.4 percent in 2006. For 2012, 34.2 percent of the 1,130 reported major crimes were cleared.
Reichard said since an increase in the number of patrol officers may not be coming anytime soon, the department is concentrating on how to control crime with current numbers. "We work with what we have and not what we might have six months down the line," he said.
Reichard is also part of a working group exploring how technology might aid in crime deterrence, specifically with extra lighting and surveillance cameras. The city presently uses cameras in several locations but the technology is aging. He said the city is exploring a system that might be compatible with not only the school system, but with future purchases of cameras by downtown merchants.
g.smith@theday.com
Arrests by state and local police departments across the region
State police on Tuesday evening charged a town man with drunkenly shooting a pistol in the backyard of his Old Colchester Road home.
Norwich police will hold a promotion ceremony Friday to swear in a lieutenant and a sergeant.
Arrests by state police and local departments around the region.
Crime in New London, 2002 to 2012
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Greene County to recognize Vietnam hero after 44 years
By Robert DeWittSenior Writer
Matthew Leonard always liked being in uniform. “He was a Boy Scout,” said Lois Leonard, his widow, with a gentle laugh. “He loved to wear his Boy Scout uniform to school. He would walk up and down the halls in his uniform.” When he became a career soldier, he loved his uniform so much that he would make sure he got it professionally cleaned, even if that meant cutting his time home on leave short.
Matthew Leonard always liked being in uniform.
“He was a Boy Scout,” said Lois Leonard, his widow, with a gentle laugh. “He loved to wear his Boy Scout uniform to school. He would walk up and down the halls in his uniform.”
When he became a career soldier, he loved his uniform so much that he would make sure he got it professionally cleaned, even if that meant cutting his time home on leave short.
“That was his first love,” Leonard said of her husband’s feeling for military life. “I was his second. When he was on leave, he would leave three days early in order to send his uniform to the cleaners. He didn’t like the way I did them. He said he had to be sharp, if he was going to tell the other soldiers how to look. He had to be looking good.”
In the end, he met the highest standard known for those who wear the uniform. He sacrificed his life to save his men when they were ambushed in Vietnam on Feb. 28, 1967. For his actions, Leonard posthumously received the Medal of Honor, the nation’s highest military decoration. It is awarded by the president on behalf of Congress to recognize valor in combat beyond the call of duty.
Finally, 44 years later, Greene County will recognize its native son for his heroism. At noon Monday, county officials will unveil a memorial to Leonard in a ceremony on the courthouse square in Eutaw. The Eutaw Area Chamber of Commerce, the Greene County Veterans Affairs Office, the Greene County Commission and Greenetrack Inc. worked together to place the monument on the square.
Lt. Col. Beverly Price Jones, who also is from Eutaw, will be the speaker at the ceremony. U.S. Rep. Terri Sewell, state Sen. Bobby Singleton and state Rep. Artis McCampbell will attend.
In addition to the monument, Gov. Robert Bentley signed a proclamation naming U.S. Highway 11, running through Greene County from Knoxville to Epes, for Leonard.
“He was raised less than half a mile from where I live,” said Luther “Nat” Winn, CEO of Greenetrack Entertainment Complex near Eutaw.
“After doing research I was amazed that he had never received any recognition. It was amazing to me that a guy who was one of 3,000 Medal of Honor winners in the country and 21 in Alabama had never been given any recognition.”
In 1987, a monument to Greene County’s war dead from World War I, World War II, Korea and Vietnam was erected on the courthouse square. But Leonard’s name was left off the monument. At the time, organizers said they did not realize he was a native of Eutaw, because the Army listed his hometown as Birmingham.
Organizers for the monument said they had left room for excluded names and Leonard’s name would be added. It never was.
“Everybody I have mentioned it to has been overwhelmed and wanted to see that the ceremony would be a success and something that his family would cherish the rest of their lives,” Winn said.
Winn became aware of Leonard because Winn’s executive secretary, Beverly Gordon, is related to Leonard. Although Leonard moved from Greene County to Birmingham at a young age, he still has plenty of cousins living there.
“They remember when he came by before he went to Vietnam on his last tour,” Winn said.
Lois Leonard moved to Birmingham when she was in the sixth grade and met Leonard, then an eighth-grader, at school.
“He was a good-looking man,” she said. “He was about the best-looking boy in school. I think it was love at first sight for both of us.”
He was well-mannered and that made him well-liked by teachers and other adults. He was 17 years old when he enlisted in the Army.
Leonard was a natural born soldier, and his country would soon need him.
The Leonards married in November of 1950; a short time later he shipped out to fight in the Korean War.
Leonard survived that war and emerged from it a leader and a salty veteran. He decided to make the Army his career and planned to do 30 years before retiring, said Lois Leonard, who still lives in Birmingham.
The Army used his experience to instruct other soldiers at Fort Leonard Wood, Mo., in the 1960s. Even when he came home on leave, he didn’t leave military life, preferring to wear his uniform rather than civilian clothes.
“All of the little boys in the neighborhood loved when he came home,” Lois Leonard said. “They’d be in the backyard with sticks on their shoulders and he’d be drilling them, ‘hut, hut, hut.’ ”
As combat intensified in Vietnam, Leonard felt duty calling him. He made a choice.
“He didn’t have to go over there,” Lois Leonard said. “He was stationed at Fort Leonard Wood, Mo., training soldiers. He volunteered to go to Vietnam. He said there were too many young soldiers going over there and dying. He felt like he could go over there and help them because he had already been through one war.”
Lois Leonard couldn’t help but feel angry that he would put himself in harm’s way.
“I didn’t like it because he volunteered to go over there,” she said. “But I had to go along with it because that’s what he loved to do and he wanted to do it.”
Leonard didn’t appear to have any illusions about what he was getting into. He told friends he had lived through one war and didn’t expect to make it through another.
He did what he could to prepare his wife for the worst, should it happen. She prayed for his safety and the safety of all the soldiers.
“He told me how to do everything and gave me his Social Security card,” she said. “He told me if I was ever to see two soldiers come up to the house I would know he had had it. He told friends in the neighborhood that he didn’t think he would make it.
“He wrote me and told me if there was any way he could get back, he would get back. But if he didn’t get back it was because there was no way he could get back.”
But Leonard made it clear, he wasn’t going to give his life without making the enemy pay a high price. His words were prophetic.
“He told me, ‘Lois if I go down, I’m going to make history,’ ” she remembers. “I told him, ‘Well, I hope you don’t make history because I don’t want you to go down.”
Serving as platoon sergeant, Leonard knew his leadership and battlefield skills could save American lives. And he was prepared to give his. On Feb. 28, 1967, he made that sacrifice. But not before taking decisive action that saved lives and exacted a high price from the enemy.
His actions sound like the script from a Hollywood movie, but it happened in real combat, not on a sound stage or back lot.
He took charge of his platoon after the platoon leader and others in leadership positions were wounded in an ambush near Suoi Da. He formed a perimeter and directed his men’s fire. He dragged a wounded man back into the perimeter, getting wounded in the process, and rejected medical attention.
When an enemy machine gun threatened the whole platoon, he charged it and killed the gun crew. In the process, he received his fatal wounds and, slumped against a tree, continued to fire at the enemy until he died. He was 37 years old.
President Lyndon Johnson awarded Leonard the Medal of Honor posthumously on Dec. 19, 1968.
“He tried to prepare me for it, but you can’t be prepared for something like that,” she said sadly, recalling his death. “I still think about it. It still hurts.”
But she takes solace in knowing he was pursuing the life he loved.
“I know he was doing something he loved to do,” she said. “That was his life and mine, too. He made it mine. I was glad he was doing something he loved to do. He was satisfied with what he was doing. He was happy about it.”
She and their five children take great pride in his courage. And, finally, he is remembered for it in the place of his birth.
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New report: Real-time payments solutions to enable faster funds for Australia’s growing gig economy
● Every second gig economy worker would switch employers just to get paid fasteri
● Up to 3.1 billion transactions to be made via real-time payments solutions each year by 2023ii
Visa Inc. (NYSE: V), the global payments technology company, today launched a report revealing that up to $10.1 trillion could be processed via real-time payments solutions each year in Australia by 2023ii – and there is sufficient demand for it, with gig economy workers wanting to be paid “within minutes” of completing a jobi.
Based on research conducted by Telsyte, Visa Insights: Australia’s Fast Future, predicts that by 2023, two-thirds of Australians will be using real-time payment solutions for a variety of payments including person-to-person (P2P), funds disbursements, and merchant settlementsiii. This equates to 3.1 billion transactions per yearii.
Telsyte’s forecasts represent total real-time payment volumes over the next five years, taking into consideration the growth and uptake of current real time payment solutions, as well as new future use cases.
Axel Boye-Moller, Visa Head of Product for Australia, New Zealand and South Pacific, said “While payments from consumers to merchants authorised in real-time have been the norm for many years in retail environments, there are still scenarios where payments aren’t yet instant. Real-time payment solutions will change this, enabling businesses and governments to disburse funds faster and all Australians to send money to friends and family in an instant, whether at home or abroad”.
On-demand salary for on-demand services: Gig economy disbursements
Visa Insights: Australia’s Fast Future highlights the opportunity provided by real-time payments solutions to the growing gig economy, made up of 4.9 million workers in Australia and predicted to employ 6.7 million in 2023iv. In fact, 45% of Australians say they would consider doing gig economy work to supplement their salary over the next 12 monthsi.
While extra income is positive, gig economy workers would like to receive it faster. The report found:
54% of gig economy workers say the delay in getting paid is one of the hardest parts of their job and 53% say faster access to incomes would substantially improve their lifestylei.
34% would pay a small fee to receive funds faster and 52% would switch employers if they could get paid more quicklyi.
65% of gig economy workers would like to get paid within 24 hours of completing a task or service, and 59% would like to be paid within minutes of finishing the jobi.
Addressing Australia’s IOU problem: P2P payments
Visa’s report also reveals strong demand for real-time payments to make paying friends and family back more convenient:
A quarter of Australians admit to forgetting to pay back their friends or family after borrowing money, while one in six (16%) say they could not be bothered as the process is too arduousv.
42% of Australians have money owed to them by friends or family and 44% say they find it too awkward to follow upv.
48% would pay their friends or family back immediately if they could do so via a messaging platform or appvi.
Almost two thirds (62%) say real-time P2P would be useful for sending money to family and friends abroadv.
Australians are security conscious when it comes to adopting P2P services, with 85% saying they would want to know the service is secure and their data is being protectedvii. More than three in four (78%) say it would be important to have a trusted payments brand providing the service, and 64% say their bank logo being visible would make them feel comfortablevii.
“As Australians, our lifestyles are changing. Many of us have family and friends living abroad, the way we work is evolving, and naturally our expectations are shifting too. We want secure, convenient and fast ways to pay and be paid, wherever we are.
“Real-time payments solutions will enable a new wave of experiences. And it’s important for businesses to take note, as these solutions will be increasingly critical to building and retaining loyalty from customers and employees,” said Mr Boye-Moller.
Visa Direct is Visa’s real-time payments solution, bringing the best of Visa’s global network to enable real-time payments to and from more than three billion Visa cards around the world. It enables customers, through their financial institutions, to send and receive P2P payments, funds disbursements and business-to-business settlements directly to an eligible Visa card account in a fast, secure way – anywhere in the world.
i Visa Insights: Australia’s Fast Future: The real-time payments opportunity, p. 9 (January 2019)
ii Visa Insights: Australia’s Fast Future: The real-time payments opportunity, p. 6 (January 2019)
iii Visa Insights: Australia’s Fast Future: The real-time payments opportunity, p. 7 (January 2019)
iv Visa Insights: Australia’s Fast Future: The real-time payments opportunity, p. 8 (January 2019)
v Visa Insights: Australia’s Fast Future: The real-time payments opportunity, p. 10 (January 2019)
vi Visa Insights: Australia’s Fast Future: The real-time payments opportunity, p. 4 (January 2019)
vii Visa Insights: Australia’s Fast Future: The real-time payments opportunity, p. 11 (January 2019)
About Visa Insights: Australia’s Fast Future
The Visa Insights: Australia’s Fast Future is a report prepared by Visa exploring the growth of real-time payments in Australia. Except where stated otherwise, the figures in this report are drawn from research conducted by Telsyte on behalf of Visa. This report was produced by Telsyte using primary and secondary research. Telsyte analysts also drew upon years of experience monitoring emerging technology markets and forecasting consumer and business technology trends. When forecasting the number of real-time payments expected by 2023 and their accompanying value, Telsyte first drew on an extensive bank of proprietary research, identifying a number of probable assumptions. Next, these assumptions were compared against external data sources to establish the probability that each of them would happen. Upon this foundation, Telsyte then built its own forecasts for the growth of realtime payments over the next five years, and the value that would represent.
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Madison County, Kentucky was established when the Transylvania Company procured 20,000 acres of land west of the Appalachian Mountains from the Cherokee Tribe in 1774. Madison County was named after James Madison, who went on to be the fourth president of the United States of America. Twenty four years later, in 1798, Richmond, Kentucky was founded by John Miller, a soldier who fought in the Revolutionary War. Berea was established in 1850, but was initially known as the Glade. The area had two churches, a tiny village and Berea College. Berea College was the only college that was integrated and coeducational in the South for about 40 years. Berea is now recognized as the Folk Arts and Crafts Capital of Kentucky.
As of 2010, Madison County had a population of over 82,000, Richmond’s population was over 31,000, and Berea has a growing population of over 13,000. Madison County, Berea, and Richmond are steadily growing as of today. Berea is the fastest growing city in Kentucky at a rate of 27.4% since 2000. The main campus of Eastern Kentucky University is in Richmond. It is well known for its superior education program and police academy. Eastern Kentucky University now has the EKU Center for the Arts and it has recently brought in nationally acclaimed shows such as The Lion King, Jerry Seinfeld, The Nutcracker, River Dance and The Temptations. Since Richmond has developed the Richmond Center, more shopping and entertainment is available. JC Penney’s, a brand new Cinemark, Belk, Meijer, Hastings and several restaurants have been built in the past 5 years which has helped Madison County become one of the fastest growing counties in Kentucky.
In 2013, there were 2,440 traffic accidents including truck wrecks, automobile accidents, motorcycle accidents and other motor vehicle accidents that occurred in Madison County, Kentucky.
It is important to call a Kentucky attorney to handle your claim for injuries suffered as a result of an accident. Although many firms from outside Kentucky advertise that they can represent you in your case in Kentucky, firms in other states may not have experience in local courts with local judges and juries. Also, since each state has its own specific laws and court rules which are different from those in other states, lawyers from firms outside Kentucky may not be familiar with Kentucky laws and rules that apply to your case. All of the lawyers at Varellas & Varellas have practiced law in Kentucky in state and federal courts during their entire careers and have the skills and experience to protect your rights and maximize your recovery.
The accident and injury attorneys at Varellas & Varellas have represented clients in Richmond and Madison County, Kentucky and surrounding counties for over 75 years. Our lawyers have represented thousands of clients in injury cases and have collected millions of dollars for our clients. We offer free consultation for all injury cases and, if your injuries prevent you from visiting our office, we can make arrangements to meet you at a convenient location. Call or e-mail our attorneys today.
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USA Ultimate is the National Governing Body for the sport of ultimate in the United States.
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Archbishop Gomez Statement on H2 A Visa Program April 13, 2011
Archbishop Gomez Testimony on E Verify, February 10, 2011
Life Issues Forum: More than Tax Dollars at Stake
Life Issues Forum: The High Costs of “Free” Birth Control
Life Issues Forum: Support Life, However Conceived
Life Issues Forum: Selective Reduction: A Morality Tale
Foro Asuntos de Vida: Más que el dinero de los impuestos en peligro
Foro Asuntos de Vida: Los altos costos del control de la natalidad “gratuito”
Foro Asuntos de Vida: Reducción selectiva: un cuento de moralidad
Letter to Congress on Aid to Central America
Preventive Services Backgrounder
Life Issues Forum: Analysis of 22 Studies Confirms: Abortion Harms Women’s Mental Health
Foro Asuntos de Vida: Análisis de 22 estudios confirman: El aborto daña salud mental de la mujer
National Prayer Vigil for Life Schedule
Pastoral Plan for Pro Life Activities: A Campaign in Support of Life
Letter to bishops on economic situation
Life Issues Forum: Stop the New Attack on Conscience Rights
Foro Asuntos de Vida: Detengamos el nuevo ataque a los derechos de conciencia
History of the National Prayer Vigil for Life
Life Issues Forum: The Hollow Men and the Culture of Death
Other News Releases:
USCCB Purchases Translation of Psalms and Canticles from Conception Abbey
Chairman of U.S. Bishops’ Committee on International Justice and Peace, applauds the convening of the Second Ministerial to Advance Religious Freedom
Confraternity of Christian Doctrine Awarded Grants to Promote Catholic Biblical Literacy and Interpretation
USCCB>Media > News Releases >
Archbishop Dolan Outlines U.S. Bishops’ Legislative ‘Principles and Priorities’ For New Congress
The poor and vulnerable must not be neglected in times of difficult choices
Respect for the dignity of all human life an underlying principle
Subsequent letter on health care reform reflects bishops’ principles at work
WASHINGTON(January 18, 2011)—In a letter to Congress, Archbishop Timothy Dolan of New York, president of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB), outlined the “principles and priorities that will guide the public policy efforts” of the Bishops’ Conference during the new legislature. The letter was mailed to all members of Congress on January 14.
Archbishop Dolan said he “hopes that this newly elected Congress will advance the common good and defend the life and dignity of all, especially vulnerable and poor persons whose needs are critical in this time of difficult economic and policy choices.”
“As bishops, of course we approach public policy not as politicians but as pastors and teachers,” Archbishop Dolan said. “Our moral principles have always guided our everyday experience in caring for the hungry and homeless, offering health care and housing, educating children and reaching out to those in need.”
From renewed opposition to public funding of abortion and support for pregnant women to carry out their pregnancies, to health care for all, and the serious human consequences and significant moral dimensions of the economic challenges our nation faces, the bishops’ priorities touch on a wide variety of issues.
“We offer this outline as an agenda for dialogue and action,” the archbishop said. “We hope to offer a constructive and principled contribution to national discussion about the values and policies that will shape our nation's future. We seek to work together with our nation's leaders to advance the common good of our society.”
Since Archbishop Dolan sent his letter, the bishop chairs whose committees’ work is impacted by health care reform have articulated their concerns as Congress revisits the issue.
“Rather than joining efforts to support or oppose the repeal of the recently enacted health care law, we will continue to devote our efforts to correcting serious moral problems in the current law, so health care reform can truly be life-affirming for all,” wrote Cardinal Daniel DiNardo of Galveston-Houston, Coadjutor Archbishop José Gomez of Los Angeles, and Bishop Stephen Blaire of Stockton, California in a January 18 letter to the House of Representatives. The bishops chair the USCCB Committees on Pro-Life Activities, Migration, and Domestic Justice and Human Development, respectively.
The bishops wrote that any action taken by Congress on health care reform should reflect the following moral criteria:
Ensure access to quality, affordable, life-giving health care for all.
Retain longstanding requirements that effectively protect conscience right and that prohibit use of federal funds for elective abortion or plans that include them.
Protect the access to health care that immigrants currently have and remove current barriers to access.
Full text of Archbishop Dolan’s letter and the joint letter on health care reform to Congress follow.
Dear Member of Congress,
As a new Congress begins, I write to congratulate you and to outline principles and priorities that guide the public policy efforts of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB). As President of the Bishops’ Conference, I assure you of our prayers and hopes that this newly elected Congress will advance the common good and defend the life and dignity of all, especially vulnerable and poor persons whose needs are critical in this time of difficult economic and policy choices. We continue to seek ways to work constructively with the Administration and the new Congress and others of good will to pursue policies which respect the dignity of all human life and bring greater justice to our nation and peace to our world.
As bishops, of course we approach public policy not as politicians but as pastors and teachers. Our moral principles have always guided our everyday experience in caring for the hungry and homeless, offering health care and housing, educating children and reaching out to those in need. We lead the largest community of faith in the United States, one that serves every part of our nation and is present in almost every place on earth. From our experience and our tradition, we offer a distinctive, constructive and principled contribution to the national dialogue on how to defend human life and dignity, promote and protect marriage and family life, lift up those who experience economic turmoil and suffering, and promote peace in a world troubled by war and violence.
Most fundamentally, we will work to protect the lives of the most vulnerable and voiceless members of the human family, especially unborn children and those who are disabled or terminally ill. We will consistently defend the fundamental right to life from conception to natural death. Opposed to abortion as the direct killing of innocent human life, we will encourage one and all to seek common ground, reducing the number of abortions by providing compassionate and morally sound care for pregnant women and their unborn children. We will oppose legislative and other measures to expand abortion. We will work to retain essential, widely supported policies which show respect for unborn life, protect the conscience rights of health care providers and other Americans, and prevent government funding and promotion of abortion. The Hyde amendment and other provisions which for many years have prevented federal funding of abortion have a proven record of reducing abortions, and should be codified in permanent law. Efforts to force Americans to fund abortions with their tax dollars pose a serious moral challenge, and Congress should act to ensure that health care reform does not become a vehicle for such funding.
In close connection with our defense of all human life and particularly the most vulnerable among us, we stand firm in our support for marriage which is and can only be a faithful, exclusive, lifelong union of one man and one woman. There is good reason why the law has always recognized this, and why it should continue to do so. In a manner unlike any other relationship, marriage makes a unique and irreplaceable contribution to the common good of society, especially through the procreation and education of children. Children need, deserve and yearn for a mother and a father. All human societies in every era of history, differing greatly among themselves in many other ways, have understood this simple wisdom. No other kinds of personal relationships can be justly made equivalent or analogous to the commitment of a husband and a wife in marriage, because no other relationship can connect children to the two people who brought them into the world. For this reason, we will continue to vigorously support the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and strongly oppose legislative or executive measures that seek to redefine or erode the meaning of marriage. We suggest Congressional oversight of executive actions that have the effect of undermining DOMA, such as the expansion of spousal benefits to two persons of the same sex, and the weak defense of DOMA in court against constitutional challenge. We will seek to reflect respect for the family in every policy and program, to protect the rights of children, and to uphold the rights and responsibilities of mothers and fathers to care for their children. We will also continue to monitor legislation and federal regulations that protect our children and families from the destructive repercussions of pornography, which degrades human sexuality and marital commitment.
Our nation faces continuing economic challenges with serious human consequences and significant moral dimensions. We will work with the Administration and Congress for budget, tax and entitlement policies that reflect the moral imperative to protect poor and vulnerable people. We advocate a clear priority for poor families and vulnerable workers in the development and implementation of economic recovery measures, including appropriate new investments, finding ways to offer opportunity and strengthening the national safety net. Poor families and low-income and jobless workers have been hurt most of all in the economic crisis. The difficult choices ahead on how to balance needs and resources, and how to proportionately allocate the burdens and sacrifices need to take into account the vulnerability and capacity of all, especially those most affected by poverty, joblessness and economic injustice. We urge the Administration and Congress to seek the common good of our nation and people above partisan politics and the demands of powerful or narrow interests.
With regard to the education of children, we call for a return to the equitable participation of students and teachers in private schools in programs funded through the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. When students in private schools are counted in order to determine the total amount of federal education funds a public school district receives, the funds generated by these students should benefit them and their teachers, not be used for programs in which only public school students and personnel can participate. We also continue to support initiatives, such as tax credits and scholarship programs, which provide resources for all parents, especially those of modest means, to choose education which best addresses the needs of their children.
We welcome continuing commitments to empower faith-based groups as effective partners in overcoming poverty and other threats to human dignity. We will continue to work with the Administration and Congress to strengthen these partnerships in ways that do not encourage government to abandon its responsibilities, and do not require religious groups to abandon their identity or mission.
As the Internet continues to grow in its influence and prominence in Americans’ lives, we support legislation and federal regulations that ensure equal access to the Internet for all, including religious and non-profit agencies, as well as those in more sparsely populated or economically distressed areas. True net neutrality is necessary for people to flourish in a democratic society.
The Catholic Bishops of the United States have worked for nearly a century to assure health care for all, insisting that access to health care is a basic human right and a requirement of human dignity. Basic health care for all is a moral imperative, not yet completely achieved. We remain committed to our three moral criteria: 1) Ensure access to quality, affordable, life-giving health care for all; 2) Retain longstanding requirements that federal funds not be used for elective abortions or plans that include them, and effectively protect conscience rights; and 3) Protect the access to health care that immigrants currently have and remove current barriers to access. We will continue to devote our efforts to improving and correcting serious moral problems in the current law, so health care reform can truly be universal and life-affirming.
We will work with the Administration and the new Congress to fix a broken immigration system which harms both immigrants and our entire nation. Comprehensive reform is needed to deal with the economic and human realities of millions of immigrants in our midst. We realize that reform must be based on respect for and implementation of the law and for the legitimate and timely question of national security. Equally, however, it must defend the rights and dignity of all peoples, recognizing that human dignity comes from God and does not depend on where people were born or how they came to our nation. Truly comprehensive immigration reform will include a path to earned citizenship, with attention to the fact that international trade and development policies influence economic opportunities in the countries from which immigrants come. It also must foster family reunification, the bedrock principle upon which our national immigration system has been based for decades. Immigration enforcement policies should honor basic human rights and uphold basic due process protections.
On international affairs, we will work with our leaders to seek responsible transitions to end the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and promote religious freedom for all, acting against religious repression of our fellow Christians and others. The recent attacks against Christians in Egypt, Iraq and Nigeria and the assassination of a Pakistani governor who opposed blasphemy laws highlight an appalling trend of increased violence aimed at vulnerable minority communities. In all foreign policy deliberations, we urge a greater emphasis on human rights, especially religious freedom, which we view as an essential good so intricately tied to other human rights and to the promotion of peace. We especially urge continued and persistent leadership to bring a just peace to the Holy Land, to promote peaceful change in Sudan, and to rebuild Haiti. We will continue to support essential U.S. investments to overcome global poverty, hunger and disease through increased and reformed international assistance. Continued U.S. leadership in the fight against HIV-AIDS and other diseases in ways that are both effective and morally appropriate have our enthusiastic backing. Recognizing the complexity of climate change, we wish to be a voice for the poor and vulnerable in our country and around the world who will be the most adversely affected by threats to the environment.
This outline of USCCB policies and priorities is not complete. There are many other areas of concern and advocacy for the Church and the USCCB. For a more detailed description of our concerns please see Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship (USCCB 2007), pages 19-30.
Nonetheless, we offer this outline as an agenda for dialogue and action. We hope to offer a constructive and principled contribution to national discussion about the values and policies that will shape our nation's future. We seek to work together with our nation's leaders to advance the common good of our society, while disagreeing respectfully and civilly where necessary in order to preserve that common good. I am enclosing a brochure from our Office of Government Relations, directed by Nancy Wisdo, for your future contacts with the Conference.
In closing, I thank you for responding to the noble call of public service and I renew our expression of hope and our offer of cooperation as you begin this new period of service to our nation in these challenging times. We promise our prayers for all of you, and in a special way for your colleague Gabrielle Giffords and all those killed or injured in the horrific attack in Tucson. We hope that the days ahead will be a time of renewal and progress for our nation as we defend human life and dignity, seek greater justice for all God’s children, and bring peace to a suffering world.
With prayerful best wishes, I am
Faithfully and respectfully yours,
Most Reverend Timothy M. Dolan
Archbishop of New York
President, USCCB
Dear Representative:
As Congress prepares to resume debate on health care reform, we wish to make clear the position and priorities of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops on this vitally important issue.
Throughout the last Congress the Catholic bishops of the United States affirmed our strong support for universal access to health care. Basic health care for all is a moral imperative, not yet completely achieved. It has never been, and is not now, for the bishops to decide the best means to realize that essential goal. However, regardless of which means are chosen, they must fall within certain fundamental moral parameters, which the bishops have a duty to articulate strongly and clearly. We have urged and continue to urge that legislation on health care reform reflect the following three moral criteria:
Ensure access to quality, affordable, life-giving health care for all;
Retain longstanding requirements that effectively protect conscience rights and that prohibit use of federal funds for elective abortions or plans that include them; and
Rather than joining efforts to support or oppose the repeal of the recently enacted health care law, we will continue to devote our efforts to correcting serious moral problems in the current law, so health care reform can truly be life-affirming for all.
In the 111th Congress, H.R. 5111 was introduced by Congressmen Pitts and Lipinski to ensure that the new health care law will maintain longstanding federal policies on abortion in the areas of federal funding and conscience rights. H.R. 6570 was also introduced by Congressman Fortenberry to ensure that all people -- Catholics and others alike -- maintain their current ability under federal law to provide and purchase health coverage that is consistent with their faith and values. We will strongly support laws like these in the new Congress and we will seek ways to ensure a more just health care system for immigrant families.
For nearly a century, the Catholic bishops of the United States have called for reform of our health care system so all may have access to care that recognizes and affirms their human dignity. As Pope Benedict recently stated, in the health care sector “it is important to establish a real distributive justice which, on the basis of objective needs, guarantees adequate care to all.” Moreover, “if it is not to become inhuman, the world of health care cannot disregard the moral rules that must govern it” (Message to the Pontifical Council for Health Care Workers, November 15, 2010). We wholeheartedly commit ourselves to health care reform that achieves these worthy goals. We will advocate for addressing the current problems in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as well as others that may become apparent in the course of its implementation.
Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston
Committee on Pro-life Activities
Bishop Stephen E. Blaire
Diocese of Stockton
Committee on Domestic Justice and Human Development
Archbishop Jose H. Gomez
Archdiocese of Los Angeles
Committee on Migration
Keywords: Congress, Archbishop Timothy Dolan, USCCB, abortion funding, human life, conscience protection, Hyde amendment, marriage, DOMA, economic recovery, workers, poor, health care, education, Elementary and Secondary Education Act, immigration, religious freedom, environment, climate change, Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship, Gabrielle Giffords, justice, peace
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meddlesome
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Soul Train was an American musical show that aired more than 1,000 episodes from 1971 to 2006, becoming the longest-running, first-run, nationally-syndicated program in television history. Created by producer Don Cornelius, its first host, Soul Train featured performances by soul, rhythm-and-blues, and hip-hop artists and has been described as the American Bandstand of the African-American community. What celebrities got their start dancing on Soul Train? More... Discuss
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Agnon was an Israeli writer who is widely regarded as one of the greatest modern Hebrew novelists and short-story writers. Born into a Polish Galician family in what is now Ukraine, Agnon settled in Palestine in 1907. His fiction explores Jewish life from the late 18th century to the post-WWI period. The Day Before Yesterday, perhaps his greatest novel, examines the problems faced by the westernized Jewish immigrant to Israel. In 1966, Agnon shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with whom? More... Discuss
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World Eskimo-Indian Olympics
The World Eskimo-Indian Olympics is a gathering in Fairbanks, Alaska, of Native people from throughout the state and Canada to participate in three days of games of strength and endurance. Events include the popular blanket toss, which originated in whaling communities as a method of tossing a hunter high enough to sight far-off whales. Also on the program are a sewing competition, a seal-skinning contest, Native dancing, and such events as the knuckle-hop contest, in which contestants get on all fours and hop on their knuckles. More... Discuss
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Professor Yaakov Elman: A Talmud Scholar of Singular Depth and Scope
Shana Schick
Shana Strauch Schick
Editor’s Note: This essay is part of a series of reflections in memorium for Dr. Yaakov Elman, which includes articles by David Berger, Mahnaz Moazami, Meira Wolkenfeld, Shlomo Zuckier, and Richard Hidary.
It is hard to be reconciled to the fact that it has been a month since the passing of Professor Yaakov Elman. I find myself with a profound sadness and loss, yet at the same time gratitude, to count myself among the small group of Yaakov Elman’s doctoral students, with the distinct privilege of benefiting from his mentorship, and now the difficult task of trying to do justice to his memory—as a brilliant scholar, a selfless and ever supportive advisor, and one of the kindest, most sincere people I have ever known.
When I first met Professor Elman, he was in the hospital after a terrible car crash that left him partially paralyzed from the neck down. But this brush with death and devastating injury did not seem to faze him. From his bed he delivered an impromptu lecture on the Iranian practice of temporary marriage, which illuminated the peculiar stories of the Babylonian amoraim, Rav and Rav Nahman, marrying for one day—a topic he would touch on in several articles. His excitement over an insight, into a deeply perplexing sugya, allowed him to push past the physical pain and uncertainty over his health, something he continued to do over the subsequent fifteen years.
His sincere love of pursuing and spreading knowledge was manifest in many other ways. He not only appreciated good scholarship; he enthusiastically promoted the work of others. There are many whose scholarship I first encountered through Professor Elman’s excitement about sharing their work. In his writing and in person he was open and respectful to scholars from all disciplines and walks of life, Jew and gentile, male and female; and he extended this respect to his students as well. It was almost comical how much time he would spend photocopying articles to distribute in class, so that he could give his students the most up-to-date material instead of sending them to the library in search of it.
His dedication to, and respect for, his students came through in every aspect of his career at Yeshiva University. Not content to teach required courses and pursue his own work, he set about to revive a Talmud department that had long been in a state of decline. His classes at the Bernard Revel Graduate School became a beacon to students who, like himself, brought a love of learning from the beit midrash but felt drawn toward critical approaches. Having revitalized the department, he set about to secure the necessary institutional resources to take on and support doctoral students, personally arranging for students to do additional coursework at Columbia, NYU, and Harvard, and always ensuring that we had the necessary funding to complete PhDs.
As an advisor he went above and beyond. He was ever supportive, always available, insightful, with the right amount of criticism during the dissertation process. And this continued throughout the years that followed. Even when he was once again confined to a hospital bed, he continued to be a devoted mentor; he still read our works, offered his insights and critiques, sent articles he thought would be of interest, and was there to help in any way he could—irrespective of the current state of his health. His devotion and pride in our work was like that of a father. I will always be grateful to him and try to live up to the standard he set for us.
He was an individual in the truest sense of the word; his varied career was an extension of an insatiable intellectual curiosity that took him from the “besmedrish” to college, a stint in weather forecasting, to Assyriology and of course academic Talmud study. In this realm he brought together diverse strands of scholarship to build an approach that I can best describe as holistic. For him, the Bavli, read carefully, yields a vivid picture of overlapping intellectual and cultural moments, populated by commanding legal minds, creative religious thinkers, and more than a few colorful or even roguish personalities. Rav Yosef, Rav Nahman, and of course Rava, whom Professor Elman would often remind us is the most oft-cited sage in the Bavli. These were not abstract names or literary constructs, but people who lived and died, and at some level struggled with the same problems that rabbinic Jews living within prosperous foreign cultures would face over the next 1500 years.
To understand the texts, the anonymous editors who constructed them, and the figures active within them, Professor Elman forged a unique path, drawing on studies as diverse as the orality of Scottish epic poetry, sociology of religion, legal theory, and the study of Middle Persian texts and cultures. As he often acknowledged, Professors Shaul Shaked and Isaiah Gafni had demonstrated the importance of the Middle Persian texts, and he completely devoted himself to advancing this as a central aspect of modern talmudic scholarship. Collaborating with scholars of ancient Iran, he mastered Pahlavi and sought to read Zoroastrian religious works with the same rigor that he would bring to a Talmudic sugya. As he would often quip, unlike the Talmud, the Middle Persian works had not benefited from over a thousand years of continuous study and commentary.
Professor Elman’s holistic approach was devoted to showing how the Bavli could be read critically as a source of intellectual and cultural history. He simultaneously accepted the serious challenges inherent in analyzing a vast compendium, compiled and redacted over the course of hundreds of years, while rejecting the idea that this compels us toward extreme skepticism. He had utmost respect for the work and skill that had gone into creating, transmitting, and interpreting the Talmudic corpus over two millennia, so he was confident that by using the tools of modern critical Talmud study it was possible to trace developments across generations, expose differences between regions and schools of thought, and even between the approaches of individual sages to law and communal policy. This is exemplified by his sustained interest in Rava. Through Professor Elman’s work, we now have a picture of Rava that is neither a legendary hero of aggadic lore, nor a supposed kernel of truth derived from those tales, but a fleshed-out, cosmopolitan thinker and revolutionary jurist whose influence can be detected throughout the redacted layers of the Bavli.
One of the last articles he worked on, which I am now in the process of editing, reflects the scope of his interests as well as his ability to integrate different areas of scholarship. Drawing from recent studies as well as his own research, he points to parallel developments in Qumran, early Rabbinic, and Zoroastrian law, demonstrating that each system evinces a move toward greater abstraction and conceptualization, including quantification, analogical reasoning, and second-order interpretation. As always, he constructs a broad picture that might not otherwise have come into focus. Going over some of his last writings brings home how much more he could have done and how much we will not get to see.
Professor Elman wrote extensively about the final sugya of Mo’ed Katan, which reflects the Babylonian Rabbis’ concern with theodicy, the seeming arbitrariness of life, and their fear of death, topics that he, unfortunately, perhaps understood better than most. But it is the concluding words of the masekhet (29a) that suit him best. For someone who never stopped studying, writing, and expanding his horizons; someone who, to our great benefit, even in the most difficult times, did not rest, the teaching of R. Hiyya Bar Ashi in the name of Rav is most fitting:
Rav Hiyya bar Ashi said that Rav said: Torah scholars have no rest, even in the World to Come, as it is stated: “They go from strength to strength, they will appear before God in Zion” (Psalms 84:8).
May his memory be a blessing and an inspiration to us all.
Shana Strauch Schick is a research fellow at The Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Cairo Genizah at Haifa University. In 2011, she became the first woman to be awarded a PhD in Talmudic Literature from Bernard Revel Graduate School at Yeshiva University, where she studied under Professor Yaakov Elman. Her articles have appeared in Zion, Jewish Law Association Studies, Jewish Cultural Studies, and elsewhere, and she is completing her book Intention in the Babylonian Talmud: A Study in the Development of Rabbinic Jurisprudence. In addition to academic research, she completed and spent several additional years learning in the Graduate Program in Advanced Talmud at Yeshiva University. She teaches in learning institutions and midrashot in both Israel and abroad.
Selflessness and the Self in the Teachings of the Lubavitcher Rebbe
From Kayin to Korah: The Fellow Founders of Foment
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The Vocal Consort Chamber Singers (Image by The Vocal Consort)
The Vocal Consort singing Singapore onto the map in the international choir scene
Kathleen.F 2018-08-27 Arts & Culture
Just recently, Singapore’s own choir group, The Vocal Consort Chamber Singers competed in the 1st Tokyo International Choir Competition (TICC) where they won the title of Category Champion for Contemporary Music, 2 Gold Diplomas, and a Special Award for one of their performance pieces.
The Vocal Consort Chamber Singers is a subdivision of The Vocal Consort which consists of 23 members and their conductor, Mr Foong Hak Luen. The Chamber Singers of TVC practice about three to four hours once a week and are made up of a dedicated and passionate group of people from all walks of life. Singers include those still in secondary school right up to working adults – all with their own academic or office workload. Their passion for the art keeps them coming back, though, and their hard work continues to be rewarded.
Mr Foong says, “it is really heartening to see them come for practices week after week to pursue not only their passion for singing and performing but to very much keep the tradition of choral singing alive in the community chapter”.
Mr Foong Hak Luen, conductor of TVC Chamber Singers (Image by The Vocal Consort)
Their youngest member is 13-year old Jennifer Zhang while their most senior is 46-year old Sylvia Yu. And of course, the choir wouldn’t be what it is without also the commitment of the conductors, committee members, and music leaders who all volunteer their time and knowledge in the choir for free.
TVC started off as a community choir at the South West CDC in 2001, Mr Foong reminisced. Back then, right up to 2007, the choir was funded by the Community Development Council (CDC). After that, they ventured out on their own and found a home at the Siglap South CC Centre of Excellence for Performing Arts which is where they now practice faithfully every weekend. The choir stays financially independent by putting concerts and performances all year round including Christmas caroling and via project-based funding from the National Arts Council.
On a more personal note, Mr Foong talked about his own journey as a conductor. “I am very blessed to be one out of a handful of professional choral conductors in Singapore that is mentored by the internationally renowned choral director Mr Nelson Kwei. As Singapore’s leading choral conductor, Mr Kwei has mentored and nurtured almost half of the young choral conductors currently in the scene. He was also crucial in developing and guiding TVC into the semi-professional choir which we are today.”
The local choir scene in Singapore has been dominated by the huge number of school choirs since the 1980’s, Mr Foong notes, which has allowed the scene to flourish with an abundance of young singers. This kind of support has also provided career opportunities for aspiring conductors to find a steady flow of work in choral music.
TVC Chamber Singers performing (Image by The Vocal Consort)
However, since the changes in directives from the Ministry of Education with the restrictions of funding for overseas trips for co-curricular groups in school, Mr Foong feels there has been quite a drastic drop in school choirs travelling overseas, consequently leading to Singapore almost disappearing from the international choral landscape as they are unable to fund their trips for international performances and competitions.
Fortunately, there are still community and university choirs that are still going strong in Singapore. These include the NUS Choir which recently won the “Choir of the World-Pavarotti Award” at the world’s oldest music festival, the Llangollen Eisteddfod in Wales, UK and of course; the One Chamber Choir & The Graduate Singers winning three Gold and one Silver Medals in the World Choir Games in South Africa; and of course The Vocal Consort with their recent wins at the Tokyo International Choir Competition.
Mr Foong is hopeful that these choirs and more will inspire young singers to keep the flame of community choirs burning and especially that the choral singing tradition in Singapore remains strong.
Check out their performances on their Youtube channel, The Vocal Consort.
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Cointreau: a brand history
4th June, 2015 by Richard Woodard
This article is over multiple pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Few other brands have been so reliant on, yet so triumphant with, just one unique product. We discover how Cointreau has managed it.
Cointreau has grown from humble roots in the 19th century to maintain prominence in today’s liqueurs sector
*This article was first published in the February 2015 issue of The Spirits Business magazine
Twenty years ago, a UK mobile phone operator told us that “the future’s bright; the future’s orange”. It’s a slogan that could just as easily have been devised by Edouard Cointreau in 1870s France.
Originally confectioners, the Cointreau family had opened a distillery in the city of Angers in 1849, keen to use the area’s plentiful fruit to satisfy the growing demand for liqueurs. Their revival of “guignolet”, a cherry liqueur from the 17th century, kicked things off, and soon the family was making more than 50 different products.
Edouard was among the younger generation – young enough to have grown up at the distillery – and, when he returned from the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, he had an idea. Consumers, he noticed, were seduced by the exotic allure of orange, a scarce and sought-after fruit at the time. But, to his taste, the then popular curaçao liqueurs were too sweet, too weak and just not authentic enough.
Perfecting the Cointreau recipe took several years, but the formula has stayed the same ever since. Just as Edouard Cointreau did in 1875, current master distiller Bernadette Langlais combines four ingredients: alcohol, water, sugar and orange peel.
The trick is in the peel. It’s sourced from a variety of locations, at the moment including Brazil, Tunisia, Ghana, Senegal and Spain. There’s a mix of bitter (Citrus Aurentium) and sweet (Citrus Sinensis), with varieties including salustiana, cadaneras, navel and pera.
Category invention
Edouard Cointreau unwittingly created an entirely new liqueurs category, Triple-Sec
Most are dried, but some sweet Spanish orange peels are macerated fresh in alcohol, giving candied, vanilla notes. “The bitter orange peels give the fresh aromas,” explains Langlais. “They’re zesty, green and very volatile. The sweet are the opposite – they give the juicy orange flavours. It’s a fresh and fruity combination.”
The result, Edouard Cointreau decided, should be called “Triple-Sec” – a reference to the triple concentration of orange flavour and the relative dryness of the liqueur. In so doing, he unwittingly created a new category – and yet you won’t see “Triple-Sec” on a Cointreau label today.
Beset by cheap copycat products, in the early 20th century the family decided to distinguish its product by supplanting Triple-Sec on the label with the Cointreau name. This early recognition of the value of branding hints at another key to the family’s success: a genius for marketing. This quality permeates Cointreau’s history, from the use of the Pierrot character (1898-1950s), to the very first cinema ad (produced by the Lumière Brothers in 1899) to the commissioning of great 20th century illustrators such as Jean Mercier and Charles Loupot.
Meanwhile, the classic lines of the square, amber-coloured bottle have adorned mobile bars and advertising posters through the decades, embodying the phrase “bottle hero” before it was even coined by modern-day marketeers.
The other cornerstone of the Cointreau success story is its presence in cocktails. Initially marketed as a digestif – a role which remained prominent in Cointreau marketing well into the 20th century – the brand was first referenced in a German cocktail book in the late 1800s.
But it was the pre- and post-Prohibition Stateside cocktail boom which secured its place on the back-bars of the world: Harry MacElhone’s White Lady recipe of 1919; Pat McGarry’s Side Car three years later; the birth of the Margarita in Acapulco in 1948; and the creation of the Cosmopolitan in 1980.
All feature Cointreau and all have helped to secure the brand’s long-term success: it has topped one million cases a year on a regular basis for the past few decades, bracketing the exit of the Cointreau family from the business in 1989’s merger of Cointreau & Cie with Rémy Martin to form Rémy Cointreau.
Modern success
Central to Cointreau’s modern success is the brand’s ability to capitalise on cocktail culture
While Rémy Martin Cognac hogs the corporate headlines with its boom and bust in the Chinese market, and accounts for the lion’s share of the group’s revenues and profit, Cointreau has continued to post solid sales figures – without quite fully exploiting the current cocktail boom spreading throughout the world. For the new man in charge, CEO Panos Sarantopoulos, the key to changing this lies in capitalising on Cointreau’s heritage and position in cocktail history, while also elevating the brand from its status as a mere accompaniment to the spirit at the heart of the mix (to Cognac in a Side Car, to Tequila in a Margarita, etc).
“Broadly speaking, that’s the challenge,” he says. “The question is how you can move from being an ingredient to affirming the presence and personality of the house, to having the friends of the taste of Cointreau actually calling its name.”
Central to this process is simple signature serve the Cointreau Fizz (Cointreau Rickey in the US), a mix of Cointreau, lime juice and soda water.
“It’s both elegant and easy to make, with infinite possibilities to twist and infinite variations to take,” says Sarantopoulos. “And you can call it by name, rather than Margarita or Side Car.” Fizz, he reckons, works in “practically every market” and increases consumer interaction with the brand as people create their own personalised versions of the drink at pop-up bars around the world.
Cointreau is remarkable in the modern drinks industry as a business that, for the past 140 years, has been almost wholly reliant on selling one product and one product alone. Innovation isn’t entirely absent from its back-story: production spread to the US, Germany and Belgium after the Second World War, but was halted in the late 1950s for fear of diluting Cointreau’s French heritage. In 2012, Cointreau Noir was launched – a blend of Cointreau and Rémy Martin Cognac – and there’s also a specially formulated version for culinary use.
But even now, NPD is not at the heart of all things Cointreau. “[Cointreau Original] is where we progress and where the main growth is going to come from,” Sarantopoulos says.
“We are looking for a virtuous circle where both value and volume go hand-in-hand and they inch up together in unison. The idea is to find the way to bring Cointreau centre stage – this is what is going to really make a difference.”
Click through the following pages to see the timeline of Cointreau’s brand history.
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Is this the turning point for aviation's tax haven?
Published on July 2, 2019 - 17:15
A pro-environment message was not to the fore of the gilets jaunes (yellow vests) protests in France, but it’s just possible they may have turned the tide when it comes to tackling air transport’s runaway emissions.
Campaigners Timo Galvaire and Tassos Papachristou with MEP Karima Delli (centre)
The decision by France’s president Emmanuel Macron to raise diesel taxes as a way of reducing the environmental impact of road transport brought angry demonstrations to the streets of French cities - it was the last straw.
But one aspect of the debate caught the attention of a 22-year-old French student studying public affairs in Brussels. Timo Galvaire was struck by one of the arguments used by the protesters: that there is no tax at all on aviation fuel (kerosene), so why should car fuel be made even more expensive?
‘It was a powerful argument,’ Galvaire said, ‘but I turned it around and asked: why is there no tax on aviation fuel? In fact, I couldn’t believe at first that there was no tax on fuel used to fly planes. So I looked for the reasons why we can’t have a tax on kerosene.’
Macron’s argument was that any tax on kerosene at a national level would disadvantage French industry. Indeed any country levying a tax on flights on only its own airports would make itself less competitive. But the implicit message from the French government was that, if a kerosene tax were to happen at EU level, no single member state would lose out and that would be acceptable.
As a student of urban public affairs, Galvaire knew about the European Citizens Initiative (ECI), a tool in which seven EU citizens living in seven different countries can launch a petition, and if it attracts more than 1 million verified signatures within a year, the Commission is obliged to respond and possibly to propose legislation.
So working with a network of associates living in different countries, Galvaire filed an ECI petition in March which called on the European Commission ‘to propose to member states the introduction of a tax on aviation fuel (kerosene).’ The petition was approved on 10 May, which means the initiative has until 10 May 2020 to reach the 1 million mark.
‘It’s a crazy state of affairs that we have taxes on almost all fuels, but not on the fuel that powers the fastest growing source of greenhouse gases,’ Galvaire says. ‘I don’t know how this has been allowed to happen, but at least we are trying to do something about it. We need to focus on spreading the word so we get as many people to sign as possible.’
T&E campaigns director Nico Muzi said: ‘Sometimes it takes the passion and enthusiasm of young people to see something clearly, and that is what Timo Galvaire’s initiative is all about. T&E has been working on aviation’s environmental impact for 24 years, and we recognised back in 1995 that there was no legal obstacle to a fuel tax. But countries, blocs and the UN’s International Civil Aviation Organisation have all stopped a fuel tax from happening. In fact, ICAO has blocked everything to tackle aviation’s impact except offsets, which epitomises the way the industry sees their role in fighting climate change: washing their hands of the responsibility of cutting their own emissions.’
‘Timo and his group have identified this real hole in the world’s climate campaigning, and they are doing something about it. The environmental movement now needs to help him. With our networks, we ought to be able to get one million signatures, so politicians can’t escape the responsibility of ending aviation’s tax haven. More and more young people in Europe have understood the climate emergency we are in and are taking action into their own hands. It’s high time Commission officials listen to them and put an end to this unjustified, unfair fossil fuel subsidy to airlines.’
The kerosene tax petition can be signed here, and more information on the background to the ECI can be found here. Anyone wanting to sign may be asked to give their passport number or other forms of identification, as signatories have to be verified by national authorities.
How to tax aviation to curb emissions
Momentum growing for bilateral deals to tax jet fuel
Public takes flying’s impact into its own hands
Official petition launched to end ‘kerosene tax haven’
Airlines are the biggest carbon emitters in four European countries
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