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Avant Garde Science
Interactive Destiny
Universe Consciousness
Home » World Superposition » Human Being 2.0 » Global Warming
A new perspective is urgently needed. We are headed for catastrophe. As stated by John Holdren in his role as senior scientific advisor to President Obama:
The current situation of the world in relation to the climate problem is that we’re in a car with bad brakes driving toward a cliff in the fog, and the fog is the scientific uncertainty about the details that prevent us from knowing exactly where the cliff is. The climate change sceptics are telling us that the fog is a consolation and that we shouldn’t worry because we’re uncertain about the details, but of course any sane person driving a car toward a cliff in the fog and knowing that the brakes are bad, that it takes the car a long time to stop, will start putting on the brakes, trying to slow the car, without knowing exactly where the cliff is but just in the hope that by putting on the brakes we’ll be in time to keep from going over the cliff. You don’t have to be sure that you can still avoid going over the cliff to put on the brakes, you want to do it in any case. And that’s what the world should be doing with respect to the emissions of greenhouse gases that are causing this climate problem. There’s a chance we’ll go over the cliff anyway but prudence requires that we try to stop the car. (2008)
This is the responsible view. Going over the cliff means no more humans. Clearly, he is saying, we really ought to do something significant. Now, a decade further on, again and again, we do not. As George Monbiot summed up the result of the 2015 Climate Change Conference in Paris:
By comparison to what it could have been, it’s a miracle. By comparison to what it should have been, it’s a disaster. (2015)
The carbon content of the atmosphere continues to build, but in order for humankind to flourish, it needs to halt and then diminish. And the more effective measures are delayed, the more painful the cuts will need to be in order for our species to even survive. The independent scientist James Lovelock does not mince words:
Before this century is over, billions of us will die, and the few breeding pairs of people that survive will be in the Arctic where the climate remains tolerable. (2006)
It could take longer, but it now appears the worst case scenario could happen within a few decades. If global warming goes unchecked there will be mass extinctions, very likely humans included. In a nutshell, as environmentalist Bill McKibbon, founder of 350.org, explains, we cannot burn more than one fifth of the oil we have available without turning planet Earth into a wasteland.
As he describes, there are three crucial numbers in the science that make our plight horrendously clear. The first is 2° Celsius, which is the limit to global warming called for by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. As he states:
So far, we’ve raised the average temperature of the planet just under 0.8 degrees Celsius, and that has caused far more damage than most scientists expected. (A third of summer sea ice in the Arctic is gone). … NASA scientist James Hansen, the planet’s most prominent climatologist, is even blunter: “The target that has been talked about in international negotiations for two degrees of warming is actually a prescription for long-term disaster.” (2012)
The second number is 565 Gigatons:
Scientists estimate that humans can pour roughly 565 more gigatons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by midcentury and still have some reasonable hope of staying below two degrees. …
This idea of a global “carbon budget” emerged about a decade ago, as scientists began to calculate how much oil, coal and gas could still safely be burned. Since we’ve increased the Earth’s temperature by 0.8 degrees so far, we’re currently less than halfway to the target. But, in fact, computer models calculate that even if we stopped increasing CO2 now, the temperature would likely still rise another 0.8 degrees, as previously released carbon continues to overheat the atmosphere. That means we’re already three-quarters of the way to the two-degree target. (2012)
That was in 2012, and at present there are still not even any serious plans for meeting this target. Global agreements on principle have led to little in the way of implementing the ambitious policy measures worldwide required to keep to it. The third number is 2,795 Gigatons:
This number is the scariest of all – one that, for the first time, meshes the political and scientific dimensions of our dilemma. … In short, it’s the fossil fuel we’re currently planning to burn. …
Yes, this coal and gas and oil is still technically in the soil. But it’s already economically aboveground – it’s figured into share prices, companies are borrowing money against it, nations are basing their budgets on the presumed returns from their patrimony. It explains why the big fossil-fuel companies have fought so hard to prevent the regulation of carbon dioxide – those reserves are their primary asset, the holding that gives their companies their value. … those 2,795 gigatons of carbon emissions are worth about $27 trillion. Which is to say, if you paid attention to the scientists and kept 80 percent of it underground, you’d be writing off $20 trillion in assets. (2012)
Burning these fossil fuels would enter the world into a dystopia of climate science fiction, a rise in sea levels not seen in human history, droughts, superstorms, heat waves from hell, massive species extinctions and consequences we cannot yet imagine. As shown by the team at the Hadley Centre, just getting to a 3° rise means the end of the world really is nigh. The carbon cycle goes into reverse, meaning that instead of absorbing carbon dioxide, vegetation and soils start to release it. This tips the planet into runaway global warming. And this could happen by 2050, or earlier.
The required action is transparently clear. Don’t. But the trouble is, it is all of that oil that forms the primary asset of the fossil-fuel companies. So tremendous economic and political effort strains toward burning it all. As stated by Naomi Klein:
… these numbers make clear that with the fossil-fuel industry, wrecking the planet is their business model. It’s what they do. (McKibben, 2012)
It seems so incomprehensible when the stakes are so vast that the people in command of this situation do not waver. As KcGibben states:
The numbers are simply staggering – this industry, and this industry alone, holds the power to change the physics and chemistry of our planet, and they’re planning to use it.
They’re clearly cognizant of global warming – they employ some of the world’s best scientists, after all, and they’re bidding on all those oil leases made possible by the staggering melt of Arctic ice. And yet they relentlessly search for more hydrocarbons – in early March, Exxon CEO Rex Tillerson told Wall Street analysts that the company plans to spend $37 billion a year through 2016 (about $100 million a day) searching for yet more oil and gas.
This, however, is simply standard mammalian psychology. As described in The Privilege Program it is the product of standard human neural wiring. So we need to counteract it with something not only equally powerful but even more useful and attractive. Interactive destiny fills the bill. Even those with enormous privilege, however exalted, must be drawn to the empowerment it engenders. The way one lives life is reflected in the world at large, and at the point of death It will define what comes next.
In the meanwhile, while there may seem to be a number of real world solutions, there is really only one. Those with established interests in fossil fuels are very keen on geoengineering, fighting back the effects of carbon with yet more technology, such as putting up a layer of tiny reflective particles into the Stratosphere. But as responsible experts in the field show this will almost certainly lead to far more drastic problems. As as critics are making increasingly clear, there is no guarantee of success, and by interfering with the Earth’s holistic system there may well be runaway catastrophic consequences that were not foreseen. Clive Hamilton’s book Earthmasters (2013) is a good resource. The only real world solution is to stop using.
How can we make this happen? We know legislation works. CFCs were damaging the ozone layer, but once legislation banning CFCs was in place, technical alternatives appeared much more quickly and easily than even the most optimistic had hoped. In fact, some were cheaper to produce, despite the producers having strenuously denied that alternative chemicals were even possible. The real issue, as with fossil fuels, is a crazy level of egoism, meaning when self-interest trumps all other concerns. However precious our holy cow of more money and endless growth, what is the point if it all comes to an end for everyone? Surely, if there is even a mild risk that there will be no humans past a certain point in the near future, we should be putting aside some of our treasured preoccupations and changing our ways. As this is not happening, this is clearly an issue of psychology, as explained in The Privilege Program.
It has seemed as if we would need to to change fundamental human nature if we were ever to arrive at a sane and rational human governance of the world. Happily, since that seems to be impossible in the light of human history, there is a simpler solution. Exactly the effect we need arrives automatically when we adopt the new worldview. As described in Egoism Morality & Immortality, coming to realise one’s true nature expands the agenda on which egoism operates, and the problem is solved. The result is Human Being 2.0.
The Conceptual Revolution
Race Survival Intelligence
Logical Types
World Superposition
The World Hologram
The Many-Worlds Reality
Quantum Computer Brains
Egoism Morality & Immortality
The Privilege Program
Becoming Aware
The New Society
Human Being 2.0
The Indeterminate World
Many Worlds
QBism
Many Minds
The Perceiving Subject
Measurement Problem
Quantum Reality
Schrödinger’s Cat
Quantum Karma
Quantum Trinity
Quantum Immortality
Time & Quantum Time
Copyright © 2019 Avant Garde Science. All Rights Reserved. The Magazine Basic Theme by bavotasan.com.
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Officer Hospitalized Following Wreck Involving 2 Police Vehicles
Filed Under:Police car
BALTIMORE (WJZ) — A Baltimore Police Department officer was taken to an area hospital as a precautionary measure after a wreck Tuesday afternoon that involved two police vehicles.
The crash happened near Pulaski St. and W. Franklin, just after 12:30 p.m.
Two police cars were involved in the wreck, along with four civilian vehicles.
Police say there were no life threatening injuries as a result of the crash.
Authorities are investigating the cause of the crash. No further details have been released at this time.
Follow @CBSBaltimore on Twitter and like WJZ-TV | CBS Baltimore on Facebook
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Paul denies report that he OK’d controversial newsletters
By Dana Thompson on January 27, 2012 at 8:28 PM
WASHINGTON— Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul on Friday flatly denied a Washington Post report that he was deeply involved in the company that produced provocative, racially charged newsletters and that he signed off on articles.
The newsletters from the 1990s have dogged Paul for years, resurfacing as his presidential campaign gained momentum. The Texas congressman has denied writing the inflammatory passages — the articles included racial, anti-Semitic and anti-gay content — and said that he didn’t read them at the time or for years afterward.
Ron Paul dismisses claims by former associates about his involvement with racist newsletters in the 1990s. (PAUL J. RICHARDS/AFP/Getty Images)
The Post story published Friday said the newsletters were part of a marketing strategy by Paul’s company and that three people familiar with his businesses described his involvement with the newsletters.
“It was his newsletter, and it was under his name, so he always got to see the final product,” Renae Hathway, a former secretary in Paul’s company, told the Post. “He would proof it.”
Paul told CNN on Friday: “She’s made that story up. … It’s completely false.”
The Post reported that Eric Dondero Rittberg, a former longtime Paul aide, said he witnessed Paul proofing, editing and signing off on his newsletters in the mid-1990s.
Ed Crane, the longtime president of the libertarian Cato Institute, told the Post that he and Paul discussed direct-mail solicitations at the time and that they agreed that “people who have extreme views” are more likely than others to respond.
“I don’t know what he’s talking about,” Paul told CNN. “I don’t recall that conversation.”
Dana Thompson
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Prof Tim Benton brings key expertise to the new Hoffman Centre of Sustainable Resource Economy
Faculty of Biological Sciences news Friday 30 June 2017
Food@Leeds member Prof Tim Benton's contribution includes an interactive infographic on land-use challenges.
Chatham House, the Royal Institute of International Affairs, has promoted the contribution of our Food@Leeds member and experienced UK Champion for Global Food Security, Prof Tim Benton, to the new Hoffmann Centre for Sustainable Resource Economy
An interactive land-use challenges infographic, put together by Prof Benton and Chatham House, in particular highlights Prof Benton’s knowledge on the land-bases interconnections between resources, and the challenges facing the multiple uses of land on a sustainable future.
The infographic explores the increasing pressures on our land from population growth and a rise in collective levels of consumption.
Prof Benton is Dean for Strategic Research Initiatives at the University of Leeds and a well-recognised researcher on Food Security, Population, Evolutionary and Conservation ecology.
With about 30 years of research experience and an h-index of 44, Prof Benton is author of more than 150 scientific articles, and has achieved more than 800k for successful research projects at the University of Leeds.
Prof Benton is a Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham Houseand also works as a Global Agenda Steward for the World Economic Forum.
From 2011 to 2016, Prof Benton has been UK Champion for Global Food Security, acting as ambassador and spokesperson for matters to do with food and food security, and coordinating work across this area between research councils and government departments.
For more information about Prof Tim Benton’s work and to explore the land-use challenges infographic, please visit the Hoffman Centre of Sustainable Resource Economy website.
See all Faculty of Biological Sciences news
Leeds score top marks in National Student Survey 2019
Faculty of Biological Sciences - Friday 12 July 2019
Understanding how peptides self-assemble
Faculty of Biological Sciences - Tuesday 25 June 2019
City recognised for food sustainability credentials
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Home Only Request Accepted in Hearings was 'Extension of Time'
Only Request Accepted in Hearings was 'Extension of Time'
Tansu Pişkin, Bianet
Trial of Academics for Peace members who signed the declaration entitled “We Will not be a Party to This Crime” continues on its fifth day.
According to the indictment prepared by Prosecutor İsmet Bozkurt, the academics are being charged with "Making Propaganda for a Terrorist Organisation", based on the Article 7/2 of the Turkish Anti-Terror Act and Article 53 of the Turkish Penal Code.
1st hearing
Academic Erol Katırcıoğlu from Marmara University stood ready in the courtroom. Katırcıoğlu submitted his deposition in written and verbal.
“As a citizen of a country whose constitution legislated freedom of expression and the press, I never thought that an investigation would be launched into such a declaration. There is no offense here. I believe and think that I’ll be acquitted.
“I would do it again. I believe that remaining silent about death of people is not the moral thing to do”.
Lawyer Bahri Belen stated that the trial has continued by Turkish Penal Code (TCK)/301 even though it started by Anti-Terror Law (TMK) 7/2 and said that it must be determined according to which code trial will proceed.
The court ruled that the case file be asked from 13th Heavy Penal Court and the decision be made afterwards.
The next hearing is on April 24 at 9:30 a.m.
2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th hearings
Post-graduate student Cihan Yapıştıran from Marmara University stood ready in the trial.
Yapıştıran’s lawyers said that they’ve found the indictment “deficient and wrong”. Referring to European Court of Human Rights’ decisions in the past, the lawyers demanded acquittal of Yapıştıran.
The court committee rejected the demand.
The next hearing is on April 24, 2018 at 9:45 a.m.
Academic Dr. İsmet Akça discharged from Yıldız Technical University stood ready in the third hearing.
Lawyer Kavak demanded extension of time. The court committee rejected the demand. The next hearing is on April 24, 2018 at 10 a.m.
Ayşe Nilüfer Durkbaşa and Seçil Ercan didn’t attend the hearing as they are on duty abroad. Lawyer Kavak said that Durakbaşı and Ercan will be preared for the next hearing as they return to Turkey.
The next hearing is on April 24, 2018 at 10:15 a.m.
Lawyer of Ercan from Marmara University demanded this hearing of his client be held sometime after April 24 as he is working abroad. The court rejected the demand and set the next hearing for April 24, 2018 at 10:30 a.m.
6th hearing
Academic Özgür Müftüoğlu discharged from Marmara University stood ready in the hearing.
Stating that maximum three lawyers can make defense in the hearing, the court committee ruled other lawyers to pass to the observer section.
Stating that defense cannot be limited even at war, lawyer Yıldız İmrek said that the decision of limitation contravenes the Constitution.
Lawyer Devrim Avcı Özkürt said that Müftüoğlu’s personal rights and freedom of expression have been violation during the course of the trial.
Lawyer Ali Saygı demanded that the trial held at 13th Heavy Penal Court be combined with the other cases.
The court rejected the demand.
The next hearing is on April 24, 2018 at 10 a.m.
Lawyer Alp Tekin Ocak said that Semin Çağdaş Tuba İnal Çekiç are assigned in Hamburg his incumbency ends in 2020. Prosecutor demanded that a detention warrant be issued for İnal-Çekiç
The lawyers demanded extension of time.
The court accepted the lawyers’ demand for extension of time and decided to assess the request for detention warrant in the next hearing.
Academic Prof. Dr. Yüksel Taşkın discharged from Marmara University stood ready in the hearing.
Taşkın’s lawyer Mehmet Adil Demir demanded that the trial held at 13th Heavy Penal Court be combined with the other cases.
The court decided that the demand for combining cases to be assessed after Taşkın is deposed.
The Peace Declaration of the Academics "We will not be a party to this crime" was shared with the public on January 11, 2016 in a press conference. 1,128 academics from 89 universities as well as over 355 academics and researchers from abroad had signed the peace declaration.
On January 12, 2016, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan addressing the academics said, “You so-called intellectuals are dark and ignorant”.
Following this statement, more academics signed the declaration to support the signatory academics. The figure reached 2,212 with the second wave of signatory academics.
Doors of academics were marked and threat messages were left in many universities.
As of January 15, tens of academics across Turkey were detained following house raids, discharged or prosecuted.
On March 10, 2016, a press conference was held on behalf of Academics for Peace/İstanbul group. The statement read out by Assist. Prof. Dr. Esra Mungan, Assist. Prof. Dr. Muzaffer Kaya, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kıvanç Ersoy and Assist. Prof. Dr. Meral Camcı stated that they insist on their demand for peace.
Mungan, Kaya and Ersoy were arrested on May 15, 2016. Camcı was abroad at that time and she was arrested on her return to Turkey on March 31, 2016. All four figures were charged with “propagandizing for an illegal organization”. The four academics were released on April 22, 2016.
380 academics were discharged through the statutory decrees issued in the wake of the State of Emergency. Tens of academics working at foundation universities were discharged as well. (TP/TK)
Source: http://bianet.org/english/law/192638-only-request-accepted-in-hearings-w...
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Hokulea Visits the Pitcairn Islands
[From an official press release by the Polynesian Voyaging Society.]
After 11 full days on the ocean, Hawaii’s iconic sailing vessel Hokulea and her crew arrived yesterday on Pitcairn Island for the first time in nearly 20 years. During their one-day visit with the Pitcairn community, the crew engaged with one of the families the crew met when Hokulea last visited in 1998. The canoe departed Pitcairn last night and is expected to reach her next stop in the Marquesas Islands in about 10 days.
“To bring Hokulea back to Pitcairn was truly special. It was an amazing opportunity to rekindle relationships with people who have supported us for so long,” said Bruce Blankenfeld, Pwo navigator. “This occasion deepens our bonds as a community and network of island people.”
Nestled in the southern Pacific Ocean, the Pitcairn Islands dot the sea with clusters of volcanic islands and atolls. The islands form the last British Overseas Territory in the Pacific and remains one of the most pristine places on Earth due to its remote location. The island has only 39 permanent residents who showed their support and excitement of hosting Hawaii’s voyaging canoe and led the crew on an island tour.
Now back in the water, Hokulea is on her way to the Marquesas Islands. Hokulea’s last stop will be in Tahiti where she will meet up with her sister canoe, Hikianalia and sail back to Hawaii together on the final leg of the Worldwide Voyage.
The crews will be welcomed with a homecoming ceremony at Magic Island, on June 17, 2017.
Tags Guest Blogger, Worldwide Voyage
The Grekos: A success story in the crackdown on illegal fishing
Camping on a beach at the Chinko River in the middle of nowhere
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Facebook – the open source data center
May 18, 2011 The Open Group Blog Cloud/SOA 2 comments
By Mark Skilton, Capgemini
The recent announcement by Facebook of its decision to publish its data center specifications as open source illustrates a new emerging trend in commoditization of compute resources.
Key features of the new facility include:
The Oregon facility announced to the world press in April 2011 is 150,000 sq. ft., a $200 million investment. At any one time, the total of Facebook’s 500-million user capacity could be hosted in this one site. Another Facebook data center facility is scheduled to open in 2012 in North Carolina. There may possibly be future data centers in Europe or elsewhere if required by the Palo Alto, Calif.-based company
The Oregon data center enables Facebook to reduce its energy consumption per unit of computing power by 38%
The data center has a PUE of 1.07, well below the EPA-defined state-of-the-art industry average of 1.5. This means 93% of the energy from the grid makes it into every Open Compute Server.
Removed centralized chillers, eliminated traditional inline UPS systems and removed a 480V to 208V transformation
Ethernet-powered LED lighting and passive cooling infrastructure reduce energy spent on running the facility
New second-level “evaporative cooling system”, a multi-layer method of transforming room temperature and air filtration
Launch of the “Open Compute Project” to share the data center design as Open Source. The aim is to encourage collaboration of data center design to improve overall energy consumption and environmental impact. Other observers also see this as a way of reducing component sourcing costs further, as most of the designs are low-cost commodity hardware
The servers are 38% more efficient and 24% lower cost
While this can be simply described as a major Cloud services company seeing their data centers as commodity and non-core to their services business, this perhaps is something of a more significant shift in the Cloud Computing industry in general.
Facebook making its data centers specifications open source demonstrates that IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) utility computing is now seen as a commodity and non-differentiating to companies like Facebook and anyone else who wants cheap compute resources.
What becomes essential is the efficiencies of operation that result in provisioning and delivery of these services are now the key differentiator.
Furthermore, it can be seen that it’s a trend towards what you do with the IaaS storage and compute. How we architect solutions that develop software as a service (SaaS) capabilities becomes the essential differentiator. It is how business models and consumers can maximize these benefits, which increases the importance of architecture and solutions for Cloud. This is key for The Open Group’s vision of “Boundaryless Information Flow™”. It’s how Cloud architecture services are architected, and how architects who design effective Cloud services that use these commodity Cloud resources and capabilities make the difference. Open standards and interoperability are critical to the success of this. How solutions and services are developed to build private, public or hybrid Clouds are the new differentiation. This does not ignore the fact that world-class data centers and infrastructure services are vital of course, but it’s now the way they are used to create value that becomes the debate.
Mark Skilton, Director, Capgemini, is the Co-Chair of The Open Group Cloud Computing Work Group. He has been involved in advising clients and developing of strategic portfolio services in Cloud Computing and business transformation. His recent contributions include the publication of Return on Investment models on Cloud Computing widely syndicated that achieved 50,000 hits on CIO.com and in the British Computer Society 2010 Annual Review. His current activities include development of a new Cloud Computing Model standards and best practices on the subject of Cloud Computing impact on Outsourcing and Off-shoring models and contributed to the second edition of the Handbook of Global Outsourcing and Off-shoring published through his involvement with Warwick Business School UK Specialist Masters Degree Program in Information Systems Management.
cloudcloud computingdata centerFacebookIaaSSaaS
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Bala says:
Agree with you Mark!.
It is a significant shift towards open architectures which is what Open Group stands for. I also see this event as the beginning of ‘open sourcing’ architecture specifications and it could have an impact on Enterprise IT’s future course of actions. Blogged about it few weeks ago.
http://architectsoul.blogspot.com/2011/04/open-compute-emerging-roles-for.html
Yes great blog too. Agree, the “design” aspect is key in putting together differentiating and non differentiating solutions. This applies across the IT portfolio from hardware to applications. The differences is that hardware is now also potentially a “template” and can be standardised. I like the White label mobile application builder example in the banking industry as this is a great example of how constructing solutions in the cloud can pull together commodity hardware and software tools to build new services and differentiation. This composite service was the vision of SOA and web 2.0. But we are now seeing this are becoming a reality with cloud and companies like Facebook encouraging the Internet ecosystem to be open at Browser, API and how datacenter levels.
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The WVb
(The West Virginia Blogger)
Wild West Virginia Ramps For Sale!
4 Upcoming Major Sports Events Not to Be Missed
While sports fans have already enjoyed many fantastic sporting events in 2018, there are still plenty more to come throughout the remainder of the year for football, tennis, and golf fans.
If you want to ensure you don’t miss one moment of the action, check out the following four upcoming major sports events that are not to be missed.
US Open (Tennis)
The historic US Open Tennis Tournament will take place between August 27th to September 9th at Arthur Ashe Stadium in New York. It is the only Grand Slam held in the United States each year and has been played since 1881.
Tennis fans cannot only watch some of the greatest players on the court, but they can also visit the Queens Museum, which offers breath-taking views of New York. Also, you will be a stone’s throw away from some of the best attractions in the US, such as the Empire State Building, Times Square, and Broadway.
NFL 2018 Season
Football fans will be glad to learn the NFL season will start once again on September 6th and will run until December 30th, 2018. It will mark the 99th season of the National Football League, with the Super Bowl Lll champions, the Philadelphia Eagles, hosting the kick-off game against the Atlanta Falcons. The season will then conclude the Super Bowl Llll on February 3rd, 2019 at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia.
The 2018 World Series is scheduled to start on October 23rd, and will be played in the home cities of National and American Leagues playoff winners. Every baseball team will each play four division opponents 19 times each, which means they will need to play 76 games throughout the season.
The World Series is a must-watch for passionate baseball fans and has been since the first series in 1903. Every fan will be dreaming of their team taking home the Commissioner’s Trophy. It doesn’t matter if you are a fan of the New York Yankees, Boston Red Sox, or Los Angeles Dodgers, you’ll find all the tickets you’ll need for the World Series at ticketsales.com.
Golf’s greatest event, the Ryder Cup, will make its return on September 28th, 2018, offering three-days on non-stop sporting action from the best players in the sport. This year the 42nd annual match play event will be held in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Île-de-France, France, at the Albatros Course of Le Golf National.
The United States will definitely have a point to prove, as they are the defending champions. However, their European record isn’t great, as they have lost the last five matches held in the continent and haven’t won the trophy there since 1993. So, could 2018 be the year they break free from the curse, or will the trophy be awarded to the European team? You will have to watch to find out! Thankfully, you won’t have to wait too long, as the event is scheduled to end on September 30th.
Author BuckyPosted on August 29, 2018 Categories SportsLeave a comment on 4 Upcoming Major Sports Events Not to Be Missed
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30 Top Sci-Fi Books on Goodreads
Derek Attig 05-03-19
“What are the top sci-fi books?” is a question I’ve heard more than once from someone looking for a guide to the best of such a complex, varied, and multitudinous genre. It’s actually not a question that’s easy to answer (top according to what metrics? And according to whom?) but one worth trying to. So that’s what I did, looking to see the top sci-books according to Goodreads users.
How did we choose the top sci-fi books?
This list isn’t scientific, and I certainly didn’t do any math. Instead, following the model of a previous post on top fantasy books, I spent hours poking around on Goodreads to see what books representing the breadth and scope of science fiction rose to the top. To qualify as top sci-fi books and be included on this list, volumes must have an average rating of 4 out of 5 stars and have been rated at least 4,000 times. From there, I aimed for a mix of sub-genres, publication time periods, author backgrounds, and other factors.
The result is a bunch of widely and enthusiastically beloved science fiction books. If you’re new to the genre or want to explore new corners of its galaxy, this list of some of the top sci-fi books out there—according to one particular, idiosyncratic deep-dive on Goodreads—is a great place to start.
A couple of notes:
I’ve only lightly categorized because, while there are a lot of great sub-genres in sci-fi, the boundaries between them are exceedingly fuzzy.
After each title, you’ll find a parenthetical notation arranged like this: (Average Rating – Number of Ratings).
You’ll probably browse the list below and think to yourself, “Why is That Book by My Favorite Author not on the list?!” And that’s okay. Write a comment below about That Book and why you love it.
Okay, here we go with the top sci-fi books!
Top Classic Science Fiction Books
With “classic” defined, basically, as “published in the 20th century and still regularly discussed.”
The Ultimate Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams (4.38 – 257,751)
I was actually kind of disappointed this one didn’t clock in at 4.2 stars.
Lilith’s Brood by Octavia Butler (4.33 – 12,363)
Unsurprisingly, Butler’s books are frequently and highly rated on Goodreads. This one—a collection of three volumes (Dawn, Adulthood Rites, and Imago) previously published as Xenogenesis—is one of the most popular. Like most of Butler’s books, it builds an incredibly rich and fascinating world, which the author uses to explore race, gender, sexuality, and more.
2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke (4.14 – 214,170)
Unusually, 2001: A Space Odyssey was written at the same time as the screenplay to the film of the same name (which was co-written by Clarke and director Stanley Kubrick) and was actually released after the movie’s premiere. The absolutely iconic status the film holds in 20th century sci-fi cinema also clearly lodged the novel in the collective memory (of Goodreads reviewers, at least).
Dune by Frank Herbert (4.21 – 510,994)
If I’m honest, everything I know about Dune can be summarized in one word: “sandworm.” That might not be fair, but it actually speaks well of the book and its legacy: I can’t name many other imaginary creatures introduced in science fiction novels, after all, but “sandworm” is super-familiar. Which may explain why so many people love this book and the five sequels and film and television adaptations it spawned.
The Dispossessed by Ursula K. Le Guin (4.21 – 70,474)
It was a toss-up whether to include The Dispossessed or The Left Hand of Darkness on this list, but the former eked out a higher average rating than the former, so here we are. The Dispossessed, like a lot of the best sci-fi, is about technology but also and more importantly about political philosophies and how they affect the worlds that birth them. And in the way of complex sci-fi series, The Dispossessed was the fifth novel in Le Guin’s Hainish Cycle but takes place first, chronologically speaking. So you could have a ton of fun reading the series in different orders and being a huge nerd about it.
A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle (4.01 – 876,850)
Your childhood has been vindicated, if only barely (I was surprised by the relatively low 4.01 average rating). This classic of weird, fantastical science fiction has some extremely fun names, many of which—Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, Mrs. Which, and the non-name but name-like Tesseract—I’ve previously recommended as awesome literary cat names.
1984 by George Orwell (4.17 – 2,559,807)
Everyone’s favorite political cudgel and advertising reference started as a novel about political power, free speech, and the effects of media technology. It’s also the earliest book on this list (Frankenstein and The Time Machine didn’t qualify).
The Sparrow by Mary Doria Russell (4.17 – 41,819)
Aliens! Jesuits! What else do you need to know? Fine, I’ll tell you more. The Sparrow is the first book in a classic ’90s duology. The other volume, Children of God, qualifies as top sci-fi too, according to these standards. It won all the awards (James Tiptree Jr. Award, Arthur C. Clarke Award, British Science Fiction Association Award…) and tells the story of a secret Jesuit mission to an alien civilization, cleverly playing with the histories and possible futures of imperialism and religion.
Cryptonomicon by Neal Stephenson (4.25 – 90,748)
I knew a Stephenson title belonged on any list of the top sci-fi books, but it was tough to pick a novel by the king of cyberpunk. Snow Crash, Anathem, The Confusion, The System of the World all technically qualified. But Cryptonomicon is one of the highest rated and—in its careening between past and present, in its obsession with secrets and technology, and in its dizzying 1000+ pages—really captures what Stephenson’s cyberpunk is all about.
Doomsday Book by Connie Willis (4.03 – 42,740)
Willis has written some classic time travel fiction (a couple of which, To Say Nothing of the Dog and All Clear, cleared the 4-star threshold). Doomsday Book was first, and it really shows what magic Willis could cast with a time machine, the humans behind the technology, and an interesting historical setting (plague-ridden Europe in this case).
Top Sci-Fi Books of the 21st Century
Leviathan Wakes by James S.A. Corey (4.24 – 123,697)
This novel launched the very popular The Expanse series, with eight well-loved novels: Leviathan Wakes, Caliban’s War, Abaddon’s Gate, Cibola Burn, Nemesis Games, Babylon’s Ashes, Persepolis Rising, and Tiamat’s Wrath. Set in a world with off-planet colonies but where humans are restricted technologically to our solar system, Leviathan Wakes has both thoughtfulness about social structures and a ton of exciting action. In 2015, it was adapted into the SyFy series The Expanse, which is moving to Amazon Video for its upcoming season.
Shades of Grey by Jasper Fforde (4.14 – 29,927)
Fforde chose an unfortunate name for this book, given that two years later a wildly popular book would come out and completely torpedo this one’s searchability. But despite being a little hard to find when you stick its title in a search bar, Shades of Grey is a must-read. It’s spectacularly strange and fantastically fun, set in a richly imagined world where how you see color determines your social status.
The Gone-Away World by Nick Harkaway (4.12 – 10,675)
In a post-apocaplyptic future, where strange bombs have turned much of the world—including many of its people—into masses of “Stuff,” a nameless narrator is hired to put out an unusual fire. Drama, and hijinks, ensue. The Gone-Away World is the most beloved (on Goodreads, at least) of Harkaway’s many novels.
Ancillary Sword by Ann Leckie (4.05 – 33,619)
This is the second of the Imperial Radch series, a follow-up to the Hugo, Nebula, and Clarke Award–winning Ancillary Justice. In the series, Leckie explores empire, technology, gender, and more, Leckie imagines a civilization that does not mark gender (using female personal pronouns for everyone) and follows an AI who was once a ship but is now in a single body.
Raven Strategem by Yoon Ha Lee (4.16 – 4,504)
This is second and most-reviewed book in the Machineries of Empire trilogy, also including Ninefox Gambit and Revenant Gun. Large-scale military sci-fi in which an imperial calendar rules the universe (or at least a portion of it), Raven Strategem and the rest of the series has been critically acclaimed and loved by fans. Both Raven Strategem and its predecessor in the series were nominated for Hugos.
Warcross by Marie Lu (4.19 – 54,390)
This delightful and engrossing book represents a cluster of game-within-a-book novels that have come out in recent years and formed a new little sub-sub-genre, with connections to cyberpunk but an aesthetic all their own. Like other books of this type—Ready Player One being another popular example—Warcross focuses on a hugely popular game and the (extra)ordinary person who discovers its secrets.
Binti: Home by Nnedi Okorafor (4.14 – 12,250)
The second in Okorafor’s Binti series, which takes place a year after the first, finds the main character Binti returning to home to Earth after ending a galactic war. As is the case with all of Okorafor’s books, Binti: Home defies generic categories in all the best ways. Binti: Home was a Hugo finalist in 2018.
All You Need is Kill by Hiroshi Sakurazaka (4.06 – 15,189)
Remember that weird Tom Cruise movie Edge of Tomorrow? Well, that story—of a soldier who dies over and over again, stuck in a loop on the day of a big battle—started its life as an acclaimed 2004 novel from Japanese author Hiroshi Sakurazaka. Translated into English and published in the U.S. in 2009, All You Need is Kill is light, action-packed, and clever.
Old Man’s War by John Scalzi (4.24 – 135,103)
In the future, Earth isn’t so central to human life anymore, and its inhabitants have barely any idea what’s going on in the rest of the universe, where humans (in the form of the Colonial Union and the Colonial Defense Force) fight aliens for planets. Earthlings, and Americans in particular, can sign up to join a secretive space army when they turn 75, which is what the protagonist of this book does. Old Man’s War launched a series with six novels and a bunch of other texts. A few of the other Old Man’s War series novels (The Ghost Brigades, The Last Colony, and The Human Division) qualify with 4+ stars based on 4,000+ratings.
More Happy Than Not by Adam Silvera (4.06 – 29,015)
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind meets queer YA sci-fi? Yes, please.
An Unkindness of Ghosts by Rivers Solomon (4.03 – 4,752)
I remember this book as one of the buzziest, most talked-about top sci-fi books of 2017. An Unkindness of Ghosts uses the structure and life of a generation ship to explore questions of race, segregation, and survival. In doing so, Solomon works in the critical sci-fi tradition of Octavia Butler, Ursula K. Le Guin, and Samuel R. Delaney while crafting a story all their own.
Best Sci-Fi Book Series
I focused on trilogies for this section of the list. To qualify, every book in a sci-fi trilogy had to meet the 4+ stars/4,000+ ratings threshold.
The Long Way to a Small, Angry Planet by Becky Chambers (4.17 – 48,677)
Chambers’s Wayfarers series is a 2019 Hugo nominee for Best Series, which maybe isn’t a surprise when you see these numbers. The three books, all set in the same world, have a couple of characters and some overriding themes in common but work just as well as standalone books. Oh, and they’re totally amazing. This one is, in my own opinion, the most rip-roaring fun of the three, with Firefly vibes, great characters, and an exciting plot.
A Closed and Common Orbit by Becky Chambers (4.36 – 21,792)
I’m intrigued that it’s this volume is the highest-rated of the three. I mean, it’s my favorite, too. But it’s also—by far!—the darkest of the series and the most experimentally structured, neither of which would seem to guarantee top marks across the board. So good on you, Goodreads.
Record of a Spaceborn Few by Becky Chambers (4.17 – 9,670)
In the last of the Wayfarers books, Chambers focuses the thoughtful, anthropological eye she used in the first two books on a single civilization of humans who long ago fled earth and reimagined their humanity in the process. She explores what happens to a distinctive culture when it interacts with a variety of others and when a disaster calls its rituals and habits into question.
The Three-Body Problem by Cixin Liu (4.05 – 89,618)
This is the first book in the Remembrance of Earth’s Past series by one of the most popular science fiction authors in China. There’s physics, political turmoil, a strange role-playing game, a series of mysterious suicides, and more. This book was a phenomenon in the U.S. after its translation and release, helping launch a broader interest in Chinese sci-fi in translation embodied recently by collections like Invisible Planets and Broken Stars, both edited by Ken Liu.
The Dark Forest by Cixin Liu (4.41 – 38,746)
An alien invasion is coming and all human information has been compromised. This book follows a project designed to use puzzles and secrecy to foil the invasion and save humanity.
Death’s End by Cixin Liu (4.45 – 28,574)
This is an unusual sci-fi series in that the average rating goes up book by book (most either decline steadily or jump all over the place). A tentative peace between humans and an alien civilization is thrown into jeopardy in this conclusion to the Remembrance of Earth’s Past series.
The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins (4.33 – 5,691,964)
Five-and-a-half MILLION ratings? I mean, it’s not entirely surprising, given what a big deal these books and their movie adaptations were. But still. That’s a lot of people weighing in, with more than half (54%) giving it 5 out of 5. This stylish YA dystopia, in which “tributes” from provinces of the former U.S. fight to the death for the delight of those in power, was all anyone talked about for a few years. And it shows.
Catching Fire by Suzanne Collins (4.29 – 2,184,681)
This second book in the Hunger Games series shows the start of an organized resistance to the sacrificial-murder-by-reality-television regime established in volume one.
Mockingjay by Suzanne Collins (4.03 – 2,057,641)
Despite this not being the one called “Catching Fire,” this is the book where it all burns down. So full of action it had to be made into two movies instead of just one, Mockingjay is a hugely loved (72% of reviewers gave it 4 or 5 stars) take on power and rebellion in a cruel system.
Now it’s your turn! Jump into the comments to share what you think are the top sci-fi books. Want even more science fiction? Check out the following posts:
25 Of The Best Sci-Fi Audiobooks To Listen To In 2019
100 Must-Read Young Adult Science Fiction Books
14 Of The Best Sci-Fi Book Series
Sci-Fi Horror Books Guaranteed To Challenge And Scare You
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Just Relax: Here Are 10 Bookish MST3K Episodes
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Providence Venture invests in wearable technology startup
Providence Health & Services provides kids with fitness technology; Challenges them to increase activity, improve health
Providence Ventures invests $2.3 million in wearable technology startup
LAWNDALE – Using an investment in 21st Century technology to continue a 160-year-old mission of outreach to the under-served, Providence Health & Services is teaming with a startup called Sqord to encourage kids to get out and exercise.
As children returned to three Lawndale Elementary School District campuses this week after winter break, Providence equipped some 300 fifth-graders at three campuses with Sqord’s kid-proof wrist gear that provides an activity tracker, online games and a kid-safe social media app designed to encourage kids to spend more time in active, physical play.
In October and November, 325 children at the other three district campuses received Sqords and initial data show an increase in activity.
Providence Ventures led the seed-round funding with a $2.3 million investment in the startup. Sqord relocated to Seattle earlier this year. Providence is headquartered in nearby Renton, Wash., and piloted the school fitness program in Washington, before expanding to Oregon, Alaska and now Southern California.
The partnership joins Sqord’s unique platform with Providence’s community relationships across five states to create healthier communities.
Sqord, one of the first wearables designed specifically with kids in mind, is worn and the wrist and provides an activity tracker to a socially-connected online world where kids can play games and safely and positively encourage and challenge each other to become more active.
The goal is to make active play more fun so children will play more, and as a result increase their fitness, improve overall health and begin to build lifelong habits to help prevent serious health problems, such as obesity and diabetes.
Results from the pilot program in several northwest Washington communities showed that over the course of a school year fifth-graders who wore the Sqord PowerPod increased their activity by 12 to 13 percent, while national statistics would predict a decrease in activity beginning at that age. Activity is measured as sedentary, moderate or vigorous.
“Research indicates that when kids reach ages 10 and 11, their physical activity levels begin to decline drastically. This is a crucial time to intervene and help them develop healthy habits by continuing to make active play fun. Kids can learn an important lesson with Sqord: you don’t need to be a jock to stay healthy. It’s about consistent movement through active play,” said Sqord’s co-founder, Coleman Greene.
A study presented to the American Heart Association earlier this year showed that getting kids inspired to stay active was influenced heavily by the encouragement and participation they receive from their peers.
“It’s great to see a startup focused on a mobile technology that improves the health of our kids receive the funding it needs to grow,” said John Fein, managing director, Techstars. “Sqord is the perfect example of a company that has been able to leverage the long-term value of the Techstars ecosystem of mentors, investors, alumni and corporate partners.”
Anyone can purchase a Sqord at www.sqord.com for $34.95. A purchase includes a Sqord kid-proof PowerPod and a lifetime membership to Sqord’s kid-safe website where kids can join groups and encourage peers to become more active. Large school systems to small community groups across the U.S. have used Sqord to encourage children to become more active.
“To create healthier communities, Providence must support innovative companies that can have a positive impact beyond and outside of clinics and hospitals. Sqord is another example of Providence Venture’s model of finding promising technologies, piloting them to demonstrate their value, and supporting what works,” said Aaron Martin, Providence senior vice president of strategy and innovation.
Providence Health & Services is the third largest not-for-profit health system in the United States and its services include 34 hospitals, 475 physician clinics, senior services, supportive housing, and many other health and educational services. The health system and its affiliates employ more than 76,000 people across five states – Alaska, California, Montana, Oregon and Washington – with its system office located in Renton, Washington. Providence Ventures is the health system’s investment fund, aimed at creating healthier communities through the best technology innovation. Providence Health & Services continues a tradition of caring that the Sisters of Providence began nearly 160 years ago.
Sqord is redefining active play for today’s connected generation of kids and families. Its interactive hardware-software platform, provides kids with a fun and easy way to track and share all of their activity throughout the day. Kids can then use that activity to compete with friends, earn points, achieve big wins, find new activities to do, and collect limitless virtual rewards – just for getting up and playing. Sqord has gotten tens of thousands of kids and families moving through schools, youth organizations and direct sales across the country. The company has offices in downtown Seattle, Wash. and Durham, N.C.
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Oregon Coalition for Living Well with Serious Illness Launches with Commitment to a Person-Centered Ecosystem of Care
Forty organizations join together to make quality of life for people and families its top priority
On April 8, 2019, the Oregon Coalition for Living Well with Serious Illness formally launched and affirmed its commitment to building a person-focused ecosystem to better support patients and their caregivers across Oregon. As a collaborative network of cross-institution, cross-sector stakeholders, the coalition’s mission is to educate, communicate and connect in order to help people with serious illness and their caregivers live well. Working together, the coalition has made quality of life for people and families its top priority and looks to implement an innovative model for Oregonians and possibly the nation.
Inspired by the transformative work of the Massachusetts Coalition for Serious Illness Care, Peggy Maguire, President and Board Chair of Cambia Health Foundation, and Tony Back M.D, University of Washington, met with an audience of 20 Oregon health care stakeholders in June 2018 to gauge interest and determine the feasibility of a coalition. The response was overwhelmingly positive. As a result, plans for an innovative, collaborative initiative in Oregon, focused on delivering a person-centered ecosystem for serious illness care were announced during the Coalition to Transform Advance Care (CTAC) National Summit on Advanced Illness Care in November 2018.
Today the Oregon Coalition includes more than 40 different individuals and organizations representing physicians, nurses, hospices, hospital and health systems, social workers, policymakers, consumers, caregivers, researchers, advocates and community-based organizations. Coalition members self-selected to participate in one of four workgroups: landscape mapping, silo busting, model building, and culture shifting and are actively working to catalyze a new vision for serious illness care.
“Our ability to improve care for vulnerable patients and their caregivers— requires a cultural shift that focuses on what matters most to the person not solely on what’s the matter with them,” said Peggy Maguire, president and board chair, Cambia Health Foundation. “Through the collaborative efforts of the Oregon Coalition for Living Well with Serious Illness, we will drive change that moves us from a fragmented health care system to a person-centered model of care that prioritizes quality of life for people and families.”
“Oregon has the opportunity to become a national leader in addressing the needs of patients living with serious illness and their families,” said Tony Back MD, University of Washington School of Medicine. “Bringing together diverse voices from across the health care system enables the Oregon Coalition for Living Well with Serious Illness to breakdown existing silos and move palliative care forward.”
About the Oregon Coalition for Living Well with Serious Illness
Envisioning a more person-focused model of care for people and families with serious illness, the mission of this collaborative ecosystem is to educate, communicate and connect to help people with serious illness and their caregivers live well. The Oregon Coalition for Living Well with Serious Illness is made up of 40 different individuals and organizations that includes; AARP Oregon, AgeRight Care Management Solutions (Marquis), Aging and People with Disabilities Oregon Department of Human Services, Alzheimer's Association OR & SW Washington Chapter, American Heart Association, American Lung Association Oregon Chapter, Bridge Builder Strategies, Bridges Pediatric Palliative Care OHSU Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Cambia Health Foundation, Cambia Health Solutions, Catholic Charities Oregon, Cedar Sinai Park, Central City Concern, Congressman Earl Blumenauer , Oregon DHS/APD/SOQ, Familias en Accion, Health Insight, Housecall Providers Care Oregon, Kaiser Permanente, Many-to-One Facilitators, Multnomah County Disability, Aging and Veterans Services, National POLST Paradigm, Oregon Health & Sciences University, OR State Rep Andrea Salinas, Oregon Business Council, Oregon Health Care Association, Oregon Hospice & Palliative Care Association, Oregon Medical Association, Oregon Patient Safety Commission, Oregon Senator Rob Wagner, PCORI, Portland Community College, Portland State University, Providence Health System, Providence Health System Home Health, Regence BCBS, Social Ventures Partners International, Supportive Care Coalition Providence St. Joseph Health, The Springs Living, U.S. Senator Ron Wyden, United Healthcare, Retiree Solutions, University of Portland, University of Utah College of Nursing and UW Medicine.
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CAPTRUST Adds to Leadership Bench
CAPTRUST has announced the hiring of Rush Benton as Senior Director of Strategic Wealth. Based out of the headquarters in Raleigh, Benton will lead the firm’s private wealth business, growing assets both organically and through acquisition of independent, fee-based registered investment advisors (RIAs).
CAPTRUST Financial Advisors, one of the nation’s leading independent retirement and investment advisory firms, has announced the hiring of Rush Benton as Senior Director of Strategic Wealth. Based out of the headquarters in Raleigh, Benton will lead the firm’s private wealth business, growing assets both organically and through acquisition of independent, fee-based registered investment advisors (RIAs).
“While CAPTRUST is extremely well known to retirement plan sponsors, few people know that it also has a significant private wealth business that fits nicely alongside the retirement business,” Benton said. “As an $85 billion advisor, CAPTRUST has the resources and scale that independent wealth managers need to remain competitive and a proven acquisition model that solves the pressing succession and liquidity needs of first generation RIAs,” Benton added.
Previously, Benton served as co-founder and chairman of WealthTrust, one of the first consolidators of RIAs. Under Benton’s leadership, WealthTrust grew from a start-up venture to a wealth management platform with $10 billion in assets under management through the acquisition of 14 investment advisors across the U.S.
“Rush is a highly regarded wealth management executive with the experience and proven track record that will allow him to immediately add significant value to our wealth business,” said J. Fielding Miller, CEO and co-founder of CAPTRUST.
A graduate of Vanderbilt University, Benton is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA®) and is an avid fly fisherman, golfer, and pilot.
CAPTRUST Financial Advisors is an independent investment research and fee-based advisory firm specializing in providing retirement plan and investment advisory services to retirement plan fiduciaries, executives, and high-net-worth individuals. Headquartered in Raleigh, N.C., the firm represents $85 billion in client assets with offices in Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, and Washington, DC.
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Wokeness
Pop Archive
Images courtesy of Jade Pearl
Jade Pearl creates sustainable vegan fashion
by Marcia Elizabeth
fashion 9 months ago 2018-10-17 14:07:01
Growing up outside of London, the cynosure of transdisciplinary creative Jade Pearl’s practice was engrained in her being from a young age. In her childhood home sustainability was emphasised through conscious living (saving), recycling and even upcycling to aid the family with their financial wellbeing. “I think subconsciously that must have had an effect on me because that’s why I do it now without thinking and my art practice revolves around the idea of sustainability.”
As her mother expressed much creativity by making her dresses, drawing and dancing, this too took root with her and she preoccupied herself with creative outlets such as performing arts, dancing, fashion, textiles and fine art in her formative years. Jade shares that as a child she found much enjoyment in making jewellery from nature and that this was one of the many ways in which she experimented with her creative abilities.
During her studies at The University of the Arts London, Jade was educated in the negative impact of consumerism on the planet and after doing some of her own research she later became vegan. The negative effects of mass consumerism are similarly the driving force behind her choice to practice as a sustainable artist and designer. “I feel like it is my job to spread awareness and teach others about sustainability in a creative way, not shoving it in people’s faces but allowing people to be intrigued and interested and then exploring the concept of sustainability by teaching them and then hopefully one day changing the way they live their lives!”
It comes as no surprise that Jade’s third year final project, FORESEA took the form of a sustainably driven collection using seaweed yarn. The intricacies of the collection were threaded after a visit to her local beach where she scoured the beachy surface by pecking up the vast amount of debris, plastic and waste she saw all around. Immediately she became aware of the magnitude of the problem and strived to create a collection that spoke to the need for this awareness.
“The idea of seaweed yarn came about through extensive research and relating to my concept. FORESEA (foreseeing the future of sustainable fashion… the sea comes from seaweed and the focus being in the sea) whilst doing my initial research I found so much waste tangled within nature, seaweed was one of them. This gave me the idea to use recycled plastic yarns and seaweed yarns, to replicate the concept of the problematic issue of waste. This concept shows how we devalue the benefits of nature and destroy it with our unthoughtful waste dumping. Seaweed yarn also has so many great benefits for the skin, such as minerals and antibacterial. When the consumer wears the seaweed yarn, the properties gets absorbed into the skin, which I thought was pretty amazing too!”
As a designer Jade chooses to be subtle about her message in the design itself rather than to have a collection blatantly scream a political slogan. It is a choice to let these subtleties in construction encourage audience interaction and questioning that reveals her intended message of environmentally conscious design. “I wanted to show people how sustainable vegan fashion doesn’t have to be granola and boring, it can be high end, fashionable and unique!”
Jade shares the dire reality that due to the brand’s complexity of materials used in production, it is not a financially viable step for her to launch the collection officially at this point in time. For now, she is working on her sustainably driven art and modelling career while she keeps on working on FORESEA on the side lines. By pushing her other creative talents into a business, she hopes that in the future she will be able to release the collection into the world of fashion.
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I A M I S I G O A W 1 9 - 'Cotton is Queen'
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House of Lucent - All Natural Capsule
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Gold Cavity Autumn Collection
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BLVCKELEMENT
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ABOUT NOTHING
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YELLOW EKO FEVER… for the love of traffic
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Good Good Good SS19
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VEHEMENT YOUTH X DIPSTREET LOOKBOOK
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Photography: Jamal Nxedlana
Photography: Maganga Mwagogo
Makeup: Sinitta Akello
Model: Kiruhi Juliet
I A M I S I G O A W 1 9 – ‘Cotton is Queen’
Photographer: Alex Oelofse
Photography assistant: Carl Holman
M/H: Sam Ellenberger
Models: Danielle Smith and Stephanie Garda
House of Lucent – All Natural Capsule
Photographer: Brent Manikam
Directed by Alis Kotze & Brent Manikam
Styled by Alis Kotze
Models: Wes Leal, Saskia Farr, Dacod Magagula
Brand: yellow. jewellery
Photography: Michael Love
Styling: Kristi Vlok
Shot by: David Motsomotso
Styled by: Thobeka Maduna Mbane
Brand: BLVCKELEMENT
Brand: BLOKE
Photography: Babajide Osho
Model: Adebayo Segun and Wisdom Kabowei
Creative direction & Styling: Faith Oluwajimi
Grooming: Lauretta Orji
All garments: Marianne Fassler
Creative direction: Lezanne Viviers
Photography: Reze Bonna
Photographer: Luke Kuisis
Styling: Anees Petersen
Models: Brad Abrahams, Matt Hichens, Fatima Arendse
Photographer/CD: Sean Mckibbin
CD/Styling: Joseph Ntahilaja
Models: Inky Huang, Luke Dove, Jenna Rivera, Mikhail Max, Megan Glass, Mthokozisi Ncube, Celine Beane
For: Vehement Youth and Dipstreet
COPYRIGHT © Bubblegum Club 2019 - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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Tag Archives: Spice Girls
An Interview with Sofia: John Mayer Meets kd lang
By Tristan Higgins, aka Butch Jaxon
I am reprinting on my blog from the Huffington Post.
I recently sat down with up-and-coming singer-songwriter Sofia. We had so much fun talking that I lost myself in a few places. What? I’m not a professional journalist. I am a butch lawyer who writes a blog, and I can count on one hand how many times I have actually sat down with another butch. What follows is (most of) our conversation.
Tell me about yourself.
I’m 23. Half-Venezuelan and half-Lebanese. I was raised in London and lived in Venezuela until I was 5, in Caracas, the capital. I am very passionate about cultures and mixing them. Cultures of the world. I am very much about peace. That’s what I was raised in. I want to promote peace. I’ve been into music my whole life. Started violin when I was 5, singing when I was 13. By the time I was 15, I was writing my own songs. My dad is literally the best guitarist I’ve ever known. [In high school I] went to the five-week program at Berklee College of Music in Boston. I was a songwriting major [at Berklee]. I’ve never been to California. I’d love to do a West Coast tour and hit all the places in California. I really want to play in New Orleans. I went there for the first time for BUKU Music + Art Fest. I went with my friend Avery, and it was like a mental-health trip. “Let’s go to NOLA and have fun!” We made friends with everyone — the waitresses at the beignet shop. I read that it’s the most dangerous city in the world, but I felt safe and comfortable there — more than anywhere in the U.S. I’m Venezuelan and Lebanese, so it takes a lot to scare me. It is really a blessing to have an English passport.
I sometimes feel it’s a curse to have an American passport, I’ll tell you!
But the U.S. is the center of the music world. Freedom of speech, protests. There is a huge international community at Berklee. Everyone is from somewhere else, but everyone wants to be in the U.S. And Boston, though it’s bloody cold, is amazing. When I was really sick, I didn’t think I was going to make it. I was stuck in Boston with my mom.
Please explain your struggles with Crohn’s.
I was at Berklee and had to withdraw from the semester because I started getting fevers every day. I was hospitalized a bunch of times in a couple of months. Three blood clots were found in my spleen because my immune system was so compromised, so I had to inject myself with blood thinners for about three months. Things escalated so much that I started to bleed internally and had to have like seven bags of blood in a week. I went back to school the next semester and somehow managed to graduate on time. It meant so much to me to be there at Berklee. I had a scholarship and was so grateful to be there, so I kept going even though it got really tough sometimes.
It was after I got sick when I wrote “Mum I Like a Girl.” I came in second in the “Songs for Social Change” competition, and it was the first time in my life I had ever won an award for a song I’d written. So in a sense it felt like I was overcoming my health battle with music.
I inject myself every two weeks with an immune suppressant called Humira. It saved my life. Crohn’s can be a really scary process; it’s almost like having cancer, but it’s not cancer. They use similar terminology: “in remission,” “no appetite,” “nausea.” And I have a high risk of cancer in the future. It’s really a crazy disease to have. I try to speak to my best friend Avery, who struggles worse than me, every day, and her experiences really gives me a lot of strength. It is hard to want to do anything and stay positive, but we do because we know that there are kids as young as 8 who get this. That’s why it’s important that we make it more accessible to talk about stomach problems and make it more comfortable to talk about food issues, including irritable bowel diseases. We would help a lot of people to feel more comfortable with the fact that there is nothing wrong with you. You just have a disease!
Who are your musical influences? Pretend I am from Rolling Stone.
I grew up listening to Eric Clapton and Bryan Adams. My mom loved to play Elvis and Harry Belafonte. Embarrassing albums too, like the Spice Girls. I love what Eric Clapton does because of his smoky element and yet his own stuff added. I went to school and decided, “I want to be just like John Mayer.”
Have you been compared to him?
Yes! … I like how emotional he is and how vulnerable he can be. I struggle with that when I am writing. I get writer’s block because I worry about being emotional. I am also a huge fan of Tegan and Sara, but I think I am late in the game. When I was in school, my mentor was Melissa Ferrick. Do you know her?
She is a big advocate for LGBT musicians. Check her out; she is amazing.
Do you identify as a butch lesbian?
I do. I used to be very feminine. I used to have really long hair. I looked quite feminine. It took me a long time to feel comfortable dressing this way. I think Ellen is one of the coolest people in the world, and yes, I do want to dress like her. I do want to dress like Kate Moennig from The L Word. I don’t know if you know that lots of Venezuelan women have won the Miss World pageant. George Clooney just married a Lebanese woman.
Do you feel more pressure or scrutiny because you are Venezuelan and Lebanese?
Definitely. People say, “Gosh, you are so beautiful! Why would you dress this way?” I felt like I was in drag when I dressed like a woman is supposed to. But I get flattered when people call me “sir”! I secretly wanted to be more androgynous than I was. I get “sir’d” a lot more in the UK than in the U.S. Maybe because here we wear more skinny jeans. I didn’t expect that. But it’s amazing to come home to London and have people say to me, “You look like yourself now.”
Where do you see yourself this time next year?
Gosh, that is a really good question. I have absolutely no idea. I would love to be on tour. In just over a year, I will be releasing the next album. It usually takes about a year to get everything together. My goal right now is to get to play all over the world. I love to travel. I love different cultures. Music brings everyone together.
Do you have any pets that you will have to leave when you go on tour?
I have a dachshund, and her name is Cashmere. Ironic because we spell it like the fabric rather than the [place].
Like Adele?
I met her! And her dog! I worked at her label and had the chance to eat lunch with her. I’ve got a big crush on her.
Ready for the lightning round? Just one-word answers. No explanation needed. Blondes or brunettes?
That’s really really hard. Blondes.
Cake or pie?
Cake.
Boots or trainers?
Trainers.
Movies or television?
Movies. My favorite is A Beautiful Mind.
Snow or rain?
Beer or whiskey?
Beer. Blue Moon, partially because of the song.
Bow tie or straight tie?
Bow tie. I do wear them and love them. Went to my first-ever gay wedding and wore one. Plus, I wore one to my graduation.
London or New York?
Suits or dresses?
Suits.
You are adorable. People will want to know if you are in a relationship.
I am too young for a relationship right now. I want to have some fun. I always try to be a gentleman. … I say no to misogynistic butches. I don’t want to be the horrible power-controlling stereotype.
You don’t have to be, Sofia. There are plenty of butches who think like you do — like me! Don’t let a few opinions change who you are. If you are butch, be butch. You don’t have to let it be an excuse to embody the worst parts of male stereotypes.
I really enjoyed talking with Sofia, and I hope that she gets more exposure! Check out her music on iTunes and Spotify.
It’s seriously butch to be an out butch singer-songwriter. Be butch!
Leave a comment | tags: Adele, Berklee College of Music, Bryan Adams, butch, Butch Fashion, Crohn's Disease, Elvis Presley, Eric Clapton, Gay, Harry Belafonte, John Mayer, kd lang, Lebanese, lesbian, Music, Musician, Rolling Stone, Singer, Singer Songwriter, sofia, Spice Girls, Venezuela | posted in Butch fashion, fashion, lesbian, Lesbiantainment, lesbiantainment
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On Being a Woman in Construction
Jenna Stein
Construction Management Bachelor's Degree
“I remember riding on the city bus and googling ‘what’s it like to be a woman in construction?’ on my phone,” says Jenna Stein, a 2016 graduate from the University of Minnesota’s Construction Management program. “I found that in this industry, if you present yourself in a way that demands respect, you will be respected.”
Stein, a Hilger Leadership Award scholarship recipient, began her studies at the University of Minnesota as a student in architecture, but when she found out about the Construction Management program, she changed her direction.
“When I told my dad about my choice to go into construction, he was worried about how I would be treated in the industry,” Stein remembers. “That concern was based on common stereotypes about construction. But, of course, he supported my decision and told me he knew I’d be successful on a jobsite as long as I was smart and efficient.”
Stein definitely checks those boxes, and she hasn’t looked back from her choice to pursue a degree in construction management. She started out working part-time as a Project Engineer for JE Dunn Construction, and now, post-graduation, she’s onboard full-time.
“I think of the Construction Management program as the hidden gem of our school,” Stein says. “It releases students from the abstract aspects of academia, and shows you what you’ll do in the real world.”
Stein attests that she uses everything she’s learned so far in class at JE Dunn. “I see the value of everything I learn in what I do at work,” Stein says. “It’s a seamless transition.”
When asked if she feels pressure as a woman in the field, she admits that women are a noticeable minority on any construction project, but the future continues to look brighter.
“The industry is really making progress, and Minnesota in particular is making progress,” Stein says. “Companies are realizing women add so much value to their teams. The bigger challenge is retaining women who do decide to enter the field. Someday I’ll be in charge of trades crews, and I want to make sure women are treated fairly.”
Jenna's advice for women in entering into the construction industry: “Question the stereotypes. Question the expectations. Question what people are saying that you should do with your life because you can do whatever you want. This industry can be intimidating. At no point should you let people walk over you. Just take your time; you’ll get there.”
It’s Never Too Late to Reinvent Yourself
The Places Construction Will Take You
A Field that Fits
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Trump’s New Ambassador To Azerbaijan Arrives In Baku
By Mushvig Mehdiyev March 14, 2019
Ambassador Earle Litzenberger addresses a speech during the meeting with the American and Azerbaijani staff of the U.S. Embassy in Baku, March 12, 2019 / Facebook page of the U.S. Embassy in Baku
U.S. President Donald Trump’s envoy to the Republic of Azerbaijan, Earle Litzenberger, presented his credentials to the President Ilham Aliyev on Tuesday to take up his new diplomatic position in Baku.
Trump nominated Litzenberger, a resident of California, in September of last year. Litzenberger was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 2 and was sworn in on March 6.
“I’m honored to be the new U.S. ambassador to Azerbaijan,” Litzenberger said in a video address posted on March 6 on the website of the U.S. Embassy in Baku. “The United States and Azerbaijan have a strong partnership.”
“Our countries have worked together over twenty-five years in important areas such as security, energy, and economic growth, and democratic development. As ambassador, I will work to strengthen all aspects of our bilateral relationship and find new areas of cooperation.”
Prior to submitting his credentials to President Aliyev on Tuesday, Ambassador Litzenberger spoke with the Azerbaijani and American staff at the U.S. Embassy in Baku, explaining why their role is important in fostering strong ties between the United States and Azerbaijan.
Litzenberger is the twelfth U.S. ambassador to Azerbaijan, which regained its independence from the USSR in 1991 when the Soviet Union collapsed. Robert Finn was the first envoy in 1992, while Robert Cekuta, whose tour of duty ended in March 2018 following three years of service, was Litzenberger’s predecessor.
Before being appointed as Trump’s envoy to Azerbaijan, Litzenberger was a Senior Advisor in the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs at the State Department in Washington. His diplomatic career includes also tours as the Deputy Chief of Mission to the U.S. Mission to NATO; the U.S. embassy in Belgrade, Serbia; and the U.S. embassy in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Political analysts started weighing in on Litzenberger’s role once he assumes his position in Baku, shortly after Trump announced his nomination in September.
Elkhan Shahinoglu, head of the Baku-based Atlas Research Center think tank, believes that Litzenberger’s services will give impetus to the development of relations between Azerbaijan and the U.S.
"The US-Azerbaijani relations are mainly focused on four directions - economic, security, fighting against terrorism, and energy," Shahinoglu told Yenicag.az. "Although in recent years the energy sector remains to be the main axis of mutual relations, the United States appreciates Azerbaijan's participation as a Muslim country in the fight against international terrorism."
"Azerbaijani peacekeepers have served within the international coalition in Kosovo and are on the same duty in Afghanistan today. Washington considers it serious support from Baku. From that point of view, it is possible that the new ambassador’s contributions will give impetus to deepening mutual relations, first of all, in the energy sector."
"However, I do not think that with the arrival of the new ambassador, the role of the United States in the settlement of the Karabakh conflict will increase. It should be noted that the United States has given Russia the initiative in the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict over the past twenty years."
Read more: Washington, Litzenberger, Earle D. Litzenberger, Donald Trump, Caspian News, USA, Ambassador, South Caucasus, security, diplomatic relations, Caspian, Trump, US, military, energy, Baku, Azerbaijan
Iran’s Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) navy have reportedly received new defensive equipment, as tensions escalate between the Caspian region country and the United Kingdom.
Turkey’s decision to purchase the S-400 Triumf anti-aircraft missile system from Russia has raised eyebrows in Washington, given that Turkey is a member of NATO. But President Recep Tayyip Erdogan ...
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Azerbaijan & EU Reviewed 1 Year Of Commitments, As SGC Remains Center-Stage
By Mushvig Mehdiyev July 12, 2019
European Council President Donald Tusk arrived in Azerbaijan on Tuesday to discuss with the centr...
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images via Roger Malch and Kristin Marie Enns-Kavanagh/flickr
Jeff Chu
@jeffchu
Cult Confessions: Faith and the Limits of Liberalism
Ellen Wayland-Smith
We Are All Scientists: On Mary Baker Eddy and Christian Science
Adrian Shirk
How Falling in Love Made Me Rethink the Priesthood
Nick Ripatrazone
People | Believers
How We Struggle to Grieve in Our Chinese Christian Family
“When the missionaries came with their Good News, they also declared that what we’d had before was bad.”
One day in March, my mother emailed to report that my grandmother had died. Of course, as a good Southern Baptist, she did not say that my grandmother had died. “Grandma,” she wrote, “is with our Lord.”
I read the words and looked up at my husband—I am not a good Southern Baptist, or even a Baptist anymore—and said, “My grandmother died.” My face crumpled and I went to him and buried my face in his shoulder, as surprised by my tears as I was by the grief itself. It wasn’t as if this had been unexpected; Po Po had been in and out of the hospital for months.
Chinese Christians in the circles I grew up in talk about dying all the time. They declare how eager they are to be safe in the arms of Jesus, to leave this world they’re “just passing through,” to wear the heavenly crowns earned through their piety. Yet as my family shifted from vigil into mourning, we faced a new reality: We didn’t really know what we were doing. When the missionaries came to us with their Good News, they had also declared that what we’d had before was bad—including our traditional Chinese rituals of mourning.
Some things have survived: The day my grandmother died, red was banished from my family’s fashion palette. For the Chinese, red is the color of good fortune, of luck, of happiness; when death visits our house, we’re supposed to put it away as a sign of our respect and grief. Traditionally, it was for a year.
When I landed at the Hong Kong airport, my mother and father greeted me with hugs and a reprimanding look, as my mom noticed I was wearing a striped red-and-blue shirt. I explained that I’d rushed to get dressed (wrong answer), had almost no clean clothes left (wrong answer), and just hadn’t been thoughtful about it (marginally acceptable answer). Even though it was seventy-five degrees outside, I put on my dark blue jacket and zipped it all the way up before any other relatives could see me.
Religion is supposed to do more than just tell us where we go when we die. It should also guide how we live. It should be both framework and skill set, rites that reflect the otherworldly as well as rituals that mark our days on this earth. But so often, in its attempts—our attempts?—to answer life’s big questions, religion leaves us waiting and wishing, caught in the hopeful in-between.
Po Po spent her life in such liminal spaces, in anticipation of something else. What I know of my grandmother’s history was gleaned from her half-finished sentences, punctuated with a wave of her wrinkly hand. As she grew older, I tried to interrogate her about her past. Sometimes she gave me nuggets of stories. Sometimes she just looked at me sadly and asked if I had eaten, or when I’d find a nice girl to marry. (Whether it was a mark of respect for my elder or a sign of our culture of shame, I never told her about the nice boy I married.)
She was not sent to school as a child. Her father was some kind of scholar or teacher, but his bookishness did not pay the bills. Her mother, a compulsive gambler, lost what money she’d had at the mahjong tables. The sixth of fourteen children, my grandmother had to help care for her younger siblings. Once, when we were talking about how only six of the fourteen made it to adulthood, she darkly joked, What did my mother expect, since I was taking care of them?
When Po Po was twelve or thirteen, her mother sent her to live and work in a knitting factory in Hong Kong. This was neither unusual nor illegal; an ordinance codified in 1922, the year she was born, set Hong Kong’s legal working age at ten. Her mother requisitioned her paycheck. My grandmother’s boss, recognizing her nimble fingers, compensated her with pity and side gigs. On Sunday, her only day off, she was sent to teach rich women on the Peak how to knit; that money, which her mother didn’t know about, was her own.
In 1943, during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, Po Po married a man who already had another wife. It remains a mystery whether she knew about this other wife, who was then still in mainland China. According to one version of the story, my grandfather played spectacularly dumb, citing the war and claiming he wasn’t sure if his first wife was still alive. But it was neither atypical nor shameful for Chinese men of that generation to have multiple wives and households; if anything, it demonstrated “manliness” and propped up the appearance of possessing financial means. Within seven years, Po Po had given birth to six children.
The author's grandparents in 1956
The family’s Christianization began during World War II. They did not become Anglicans, like some of Hong Kong’s rich Chinese. Instead they became Baptists, whose missionaries had more success among the working class, and my grandmother was baptized in 1948. The family’s conversion came with pragmatic accommodations: My grandmother and her children went to one church; the other wife (who had moved to Hong Kong after the war) and her children went to another. They were safe in the arms of Jesus, and in the comfortable distance between separate congregations.
A few linguistic differences aside, these congregations would not have seemed out of place in the American South, from which most of the missionaries had come. What passed for “Christian” was white American evangelicalism. The Women’s Missionary Union meetings were the same. The burgundy velvet bags into which we deposited our offerings were the same, as were the gold ones for the building fund. The hymns were the same, except we sang them in Chinese. The post-worship lunches were the same, down to the metal folding chairs, except it was Chinese food served. The prayers were the same, too, which is to say very, very long.
For Chinese families, the rituals of mourning are rooted in tradition and heritage. When the Christian missionaries came, they brought with them the admonition that “this world is not our home.” It was a way of calling my people to reject their “heathen” behaviors; to get rid of the pre-existing spiritual furniture. When they asked us to redecorate, however, what they offered wasn’t inherently Christian; it was white and American and Southern.
Church is a kind of culture. Mine is a Christian family in a society that still mostly follows traditional Chinese rituals. What we’ve ended up with is a mish-mash of old and new religions—much like a room filled with our familiar rosewood sofas and chairs, uncomfortable to foreigners, jumbled up with a few pieces from the Salvation Army thrift store. We’ve blended our Chinese traditions with Western ways—and coloring it all is significant doubt about whether we’re doing it “right.”
When Po Po died, we did not bow to her body, because we now worship the one true God and not our ancestors. We did not burn paper money, since we didn’t believe she needed it in the next life. We did not put food on her grave, because we’ve been taught that she’s been freed from hunger. Yet we are, much like the missionaries who converted us, faithful in principle and syncretistic in practice. At the funeral, we still gave mourners the traditional piece of candy—the sweet chaser after the bitterness of death. We still don’t visit our friends’ houses or give gifts while we are in mourning, as we aim not to bring our misfortune into the lives of others.
The day before my grandmother’s funeral, we did pay a visit to an uncle on the other side of the family. He’s a Baptist minister, and believes that baptism washed away not only our sins, but also our superstitions. Sitting in his living room, we debated what to call the traditional post-funeral meal. Normally, it’s called a kai wai jau ( 解穢酒) . The first character means, roughly, “to solve,” “to banish,” or “to undo”; the middle character comes from a phrase that refers to the dirt and detritus of this suffering world; and the final character is “feast.” Yet this term, especially the middle word, can have Buddhist connotations. In Christian circles, my uncle explained, it’s been replaced by another wai ( 慰 ) — a homophone that comes from the phrase for “comfort.” The name of this meal, in doctored sound-alike form, celebrates the freedom and solace that we have in our Savior.
But retrofitting old ways with new vocabulary doesn’t really solve the problem. Even if we announced the meal at the funeral, the old and new terms would sound exactly the same, and nobody other than the family would know the difference. Our spirit was willing, but the meaning— we’re Christian, and we don’t do those old things, so don’t judge us —was weak. In the end, we just asked people to join us for a meal after the funeral, and announced that the buses would be leaving in twenty minutes.
While I was in Hong Kong, someone raised the question one night at dinner: Who really cares what people think? Nobody responded, because this was akin to questioning the value of air and water. The Chinese are traditionally far more skilled at saving face than saving souls. Our currencies are perception, prestige, and shame, and somehow my family’s sanctification in Christ has not yet freed us from that.
Christians like to say that we live in “the now and the not yet,” expressing the belief that God’s work in the world is paradoxically and simultaneously complete and unfinished. Most days, as a Christian, I believe that first part is true—Jesus paid it all. But I know the second part is true, because I see the pain, brokenness, and grief of our lives.
My grandmother went to school for the first time in her mid-sixties, after she moved to California to spend more time with my sister and me. She signed up for English classes at the Berkeley Adult School. What she lacked in fluency—which is to say, nearly everything—she offered in enthusiasm and volume. She chatted happily with anyone and everyone, oblivious to their incomprehension. At home, she filled legal pads with shaky but careful cursive. I never really understood her English, but I delighted in how hard she tried to learn it.
I wonder whether one lesson for me and for my family, now that she is gone, is that there is no shame in effort like this, in work that has not yet borne fruit. Our desire to make sense of what doesn’t make sense counts for something. Surely our God, a God of grace, would recognize that?
The author and his grandmother
I miss Po Po, even if I don’t quite know how I am supposed to miss her. For Christians, the funeral brings sorrow at a parting but joy at the expectation of eventual reunion, all wrapped up in grateful worship of God. When Po Po died, I prayed. I cried a little bit. I tried to turn my grieving heart to thanksgiving.
But I am still not wearing red.
Journalist; author, "Does Jesus Really Love Me?"; @PTSeminary seminarian; I don't really know what I'm doing; email me: [email protected]
The Vortex Jumper of Sedona, Arizona
Peter Gersten plans the next level of his “holographic reality program.”
Life and Breath: On Pregnancy and the Spirit World
“A life had ended, there in the water, quickly, without warning.”
Elisabeth Fairfield Stokes
My Hindu American Childhood: A Comic
“Age 13: I watch the opening of ‘Garden State’ and hear the only prayer I know and truly believe that Zach Braff gets me.”
Soumya Dhulekar
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Davy Crockett (Heroes of History Series)
Ever Westward
Series Heroes of History
Author Janet & Geoff Benge
Narrator Tim Gregory
Publisher YWAM Publishing
Release Date October 2, 2017
Growing up in Greene County, Tennessee, Davy Crockett was educated through the toil of hard labor. Working as a farm hand and wagon driver, he learned about the people and the land of the West—and he was captivated. The untamed wilderness, the sound of wild animals, and the roar of the river would be his destiny.
One of America’s best-known folk heroes, Crockett served as a frontiersman, a scout, a soldier, and a politician in the U.S. Congress. He died defending the Alamo, a steadfast citizen and heroic leader to the very end (1786–1836).
Heroes of History is a unique biography series that brings the shaping of history to life with the remarkable true stories of fascinating men and women who changed the course of history.
The stories of Heroes of History are told in an engaging narrative format, where related history, geography, government, and science topics come to life and make a lasting impression. This is a premier biography line for the entire family.
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Revenue Deal Still Eludes Lawmakers
July 17, 2017 /in Newsroom, Public Policy /by Fred Gaffney
From PA Chamber of Business & Industry
History repeated itself last week when Gov. Tom Wolf let H.B. 218, the nearly $32 billion General Appropriations bill for the 2017-18 Fiscal Year, become law without his signature. The bill was sent to him on the Constitutional budget deadline of June 30, albeit without the corresponding legislation that raises additional necessary revenue and specifically appropriates the spending. Last year, the governor let the budget become law without signing it; however, lawmakers were able to reach consensus over the following two days on how revenues would be generated to pay for the plan. This year, the House and Senate worked in vain throughout the weekend and into the early part of last week, only to return to their districts on Tuesday afternoon when it became clear that a final revenue agreement remained elusive. On Sunday, in fact, the governor reportedly rejected a $2.2 billion new revenue plan that legislative leaders sent to him on the grounds that it didn’t contain enough recurring revenue.
Rank-and-file members were told they could be called back to vote on bills within six hours’ notice. While the House remains on that schedule, the Senate will reconvene today at 1 p.m. Lawmakers are shying away from using the word “stalemate” to describe the current situation, but continued disagreements between the General Assembly and administration on how to cover a $1.5 billion shortfall from the Fiscal Year that just ended and $700 million in new revenue for the current year make it seem that a resolution could still be weeks away.
Borrowing from the state’s share of the nationwide Tobacco Settlement Fund still appears to be a part of the equation, along with a gaming expansion bill (that likely won’t include video gaming terminals, but could still be far-reaching) and potentially expanding the sale of wine and spirits to include beer distributors. While personal income tax and sales tax increases seem to remain off the table, there is now a resurgent call among some lawmakers to implement a severance tax on the natural gas industry. Gov. Wolf proposed a 6.5 percent severance tax in his February budget proposal. A story in Pennlive highlighted a letter to House Speaker Mike Turzai, R-Allegheny, from a group of 12 Republican lawmakers and three Democrats who have authored shale tax legislation and are in favor of a “fair, reasonable and responsible” proposal. The PA Chamber continues to lead a multi-industry coalition in the fight against another tax on the natural gas industry, due to the negative impact it would have in terms of job growth and economic potential for one of Pennsylvania’s most critical industries.
http://columbiamontourchamber.com/wp-content/uploads/Chamber-logo-small.jpg 0 0 Fred Gaffney http://columbiamontourchamber.com/wp-content/uploads/Chamber-logo-small.jpg Fred Gaffney2017-07-17 11:48:552017-07-17 11:55:22Revenue Deal Still Eludes Lawmakers
Did You Know? – Chamber Low Interest Loan Program PA Department of Labor & Industry to Hold Free Safety Webinars in Augu...
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Asus Zenfone Max M1 Asus ROG Asus ZenFone Lite L1 Asus Zenfone 5Z Asus Max Pro M2 Asus Max M2 Honor 9N Honor 7S Honor 7A Honor 9 Lite Honor 10 Honor 9i Nokia 5.1 Plus Nokia 6.1 Plus Samsung S8 Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Samsung Galaxy S7 Samsung Galaxy S8 Samsung Galaxy S8 Plus Samsung Galaxy S9 Samsung Galaxy S9 Plus POCO F1 Lenovo K8 Plus Lenovo K9 Lenovo A5 Oppo F9 Moto One Power Vivo V9 Pro Redmi Note 5 Pro Infinix Note 5 Stylus Phones OPPO K1
Here’s how Amazon Associates works. People Googled “gifts for writers,” then clicked on the ideas we shared in our post, which took them over to Amazon.com. Regardless of whether they bought that item we recommended, they then continued to do their holiday shopping, stocking up on all sorts of random gifts, from electronics to clothing to books. And because they clicked on our link initially, we earned somewhere between four to 10 percent of whatever they spent on Amazon during the next 24 hours.
As with many aspects of Web monetization, the exact strategies will vary from site to site. There’s no universally superior affiliate marketing offer or merchant. There are, however, some general guidelines on factors to consider when evaluating potential affiliate marketing offers. We’ll dive into several of these below. We’re using screenshots from ShareASale throughout this article to illustrate the process, but the tasks and terms will be generally similar across the major affiliate marketing networks.
The first widely publicized example of online advertising was conducted via electronic mail. On 3 May 1978, a marketer from DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation), Gary Thuerk, sent an email to most of the ARPANET's American west coast users, advertising an open house for a new model of a DEC computer.[5][10] Despite the prevailing acceptable use policies, electronic mail marketing rapidly expanded[11] and eventually became known as "spam."
The ad exchange puts the offer out for bid to demand-side platforms. Demand side platforms act on behalf of ad agencies, who sell ads which advertise brands. Demand side platforms thus have ads ready to display, and are searching for users to view them. Bidders get the information about the user ready to view the ad, and decide, based on that information, how much to offer to buy the ad space. According to the Internet Advertising Bureau, a demand side platform has 10 milliseconds to respond to an offer. The ad exchange picks the winning bid and informs both parties.
Nearly $5,000 in affiliate sales is awesome, and I see this as a turning point for bringing in a respectable income from the site. (I’ve written more in this post about how we’re monetizing The Write Life.) But before we dive into how we accomplished this, I want to put that income in perspective for you. It’s still a drop in the bucket for our company, for three reasons:
Products are now put in a category. The commission will be based on the category each product has been placed in whether or not the category is correct. For instance, I had a sale for a child riding toy tractor. Instead of it being in toys category which would have only earned me 3%, it was actually placed in lawn and garden category which I then actually earned 8% instead.
Our leadership philosophy is to both lead and be led. We derive guidance and strength from every team-member in the company no matter what rank or experience level. We invest a great deal of time and resources in recruiting and developing the best talent in the industry. Every team member at IMI is encouraged to be an emerging leader and take on responsibility outside of their normal role. That is what makes IMI great and why we continue to flourish.
Set realistic targets based on the organic increase you are expecting to see. For example, from the perspective of an affiliate who is already generating $100,000 in monthly volume, it might not be very enticing to be required to hit a 50% incremental increase versus the previous quarter. However, that same 50% increase might make more sense for a $1000 monthly affiliate (e.g. having to generate $1500).
Commission fees are payable to the employees and must therefore be set up to ensure correct financial posting to the appropriate accounts in the General ledger. This is done in the Commission posting page. Review the setup that is available for the current company. Typically, the commission amounts are posted to a dedicated expense account and are offset to a dedicated payable account. If you don't have the commission posting rules set up, the system will fail to complete invoicing of a sales order which has eligible commissions.
I’ll admit that even on my own blog, AlexisGrant.com, I’m sometimes lazy about taking an extra minute or two to pull an affiliate link when I see an opportunity to use one in a post. But if you want to benefit as your traffic grows, you have to be consistent about adding those affiliate links every time, even if you don’t expect the post to take off. This is something we’re religious about on The Write Life (thank you, editor @Heathervdh!), so when we get unexpected traffic to a post, we earn.
It’s great to see performance marketers thinking about the affiliate channel in relation to budget because the same budget challenges apply in all channels. As an affiliate, I used to get angry every time I got an email telling me an affiliate commission was reduced. Nobody likes being told they are getting less per sale, but I started asking why. Often the answers were incredibly fair. The reality is, there are plenty of valid reasons an affiliate commission isn’t a static number.
Developing an effective commission plan can be a difficult task. In fact, according to research by Anne Coughlan, professor at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, there is no single “best” compensation plan. You must consider many variables when designing your plan; you must incorporate the profit margins of your products, the goals of your company and the needs of marketing professionals in that plan. A well-designed commission program should be fair to both the marketing individuals as well as the company providing the commissions.
Internet marketing is not a singular approach to raising interest and awareness in a product. Because of the vast number of platforms the Internet creates, the field encompasses several disciplines. It involves everything from email, to Search Engine Optimization (SEO), to website design, and much more to reach an ever-evolving, ever-growing audience. (See also Web Marketing)
It's clear that online marketing is no simple task. And the reason why we've landed in this world of "expert" internet marketers who are constantly cheerleading their offers to help us reach visibility and penetrate the masses is because of the layer of obscurity that's been afforded to us in part thanks to one key player: Google. Google's shrouded algorithms that cloud over 200+ ranking factors in a simple and easy-to-use interface has confounded businesses for well over a decade now.
In some cases, the purchaser arrives at a page where the affiliate cookie gets set, then leaves and makes a purchase via the PPC channel sometime before the affiliate cookie expires. Other times, the purchaser may click a PPC link, fail to make a purchase, but later purchase via an affiliate link. In both scenarios, the affiliate marketing channel played a part in the sale, but the role was different.
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Chuck Warren Utah
Chuck Warren’s Utah Connection is Deep
Even though he has worked in just about every state in the union, for Chuck Warren, Utah is certainly a special place. Over time, Chuck has been has been the finance chair from Utah and Arizona for the National Republican Congressional Committee. In addition, Chuck also has served prominent campaign finance roles with a number of Republican presidential campaigns, besides quite a few Republican congressional campaigns for House and Senate seats.
Chuck Warren, Utah political specialist, is so influential in Republican politics, in 2013, he was chosen as a member of the Influencers 500 for “Campaigns and Elections” magazine. Over the past two decades plus, Chuck Warren has developed a significant reputation as someone who is both willing to and capable of taking on difficult assignments and get the best results. He has shown himself highly skilled at implementing strategies to raise awareness and bring success to a variety of projects. He was able to get $1 billion from the Department of Defense and the Congress for his client, IOSTOR, for the production of commercial reusable in-space transportation.
A prolific businessman, to Chuck Warren, Utah is his community, which is why he was so happy to support Republican Mia Love, when she ran to represent Utah’s 4th Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives. He was her finance co-chair, a position he is qualified for in part because of his long record as a prolific fundraiser. As managing director for Silver Bullet, LLC, he has dealt with issues like public affairs, crisis communication and initiative qualifications on behalf of multinational corporations, high-profile law firms, developers and many other types of organizations.
Author and Information Sharer – Utah Resident Chuck Warren
Chuck Warren of Utah Has the Right Stuff for Getting Projects Done
A Profile of Chuck Warren, Utah Businessman and Political Specialist
Utah Speaker and Author – Chuck Warren
About Chuck Warren
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A Framework for Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
This study uses a modified Delphi method as the basis for a quantitative decision making framework to calculate the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of complex systems.
Introduction to Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
This article explains, in depth, the total cost of ownership (TCO) framework. It describes the benefits of TCO, shows how to apply it to procurement decisions and makes the connection between strategic cost management and TCO analysis. Finally, it presents case studies to illustrate the adoption and implementation of the TCO framework.
PC Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
 This presentation provides a total cost of ownership (TCO) based justification for personal computer lifecycle management in the enterprise.
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Study of Sun Java Communications Suite
 This study analyzes the total cost of ownership (TCO) of Sun Java Communications Suits and compares and contrasts it with the TCO of Microsoft Exchange.
Total Cost of Ownership Comparison Linux Versus Windows
 This study explores the total cost of ownership (TCO) of operating linux versus windows servers.
Total Cost of Ownership for Point of Sale Systems
 This white paper uses the total cost of ownership (TCO) model to evaluate advanced store system software.
The CFO Guide to Information Technology Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
 Guide to Information Technology Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) provides a model to identify, select and fund the best IT projects.
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for Platform Comparison
 This whitepaper summarizes key factors to consider in a platform cost comparison that evaluates financial costs and benefits of mainframe and distributed platforms.
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Case Study – Data Center and Network
 A framework to calculate the total cost of ownership (TCO) of a data center and network room.
Reducing Enterprise Applications Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
 A Framework to calculate full life cycle total cost of ownership (TCO) of business applications.
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London, United Kingdom – CLC Advisors, LLC is proud to be selected as part of the London Symphony Orchestra‘s new seasons films campaign to launch in February 2012. The taping for the campaign will take place on January 15, 2012 at the renowned Teddington Studios in London.
The London Symphony Orchestra, Jo Johnson Jo.Johnson@lso.co.uk
CLC Advisors, LLC, Cindy Chin press@clcadvisors.com
About The London Symphony Orchestra
The London Symphony Orchestra is widely regarded as one of the world’s leading orchestras. Since its formation in 1904, it has always attracted excellent players from all over the world, many of whom have flourishing solo, chamber music and teaching careers alongside their orchestral work.
The LSO’s roster of soloists and conductors is second to none, including LSO President Sir Colin Davis, Principal Conductor Valery Gergiev, André Previn as Conductor Laureate, and Daniel Harding and Michael Tilson Thomas as Principal Guest Conductors. Bernard Haitink, Pierre Boulez and Sir Simon Rattle are also regular guests.
CLC Advisors, LLC is an independent management consulting firm that specializes in marketing, brand, and business development strategy to build help businesses upward by moving creativity and innovation forward.
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Pluto7: Using machine learning to accurately predict demand
About Pluto7
Pluto7 is a technology solutions provider focused on machine learning and artificial intelligence for supply chains. The company’s Planning In A Box is a supply chain analytics application for small and midsized businesses that sell on Amazon, Shopify, and other online and offline channels. The software as a service (SaaS) uses machine learning to provide the most accurate inventory forecasts.
Industries: Technology
Products: BigQuery, Cloud SQL, Cloud Machine Learning Engine, Cloud Natural Language API, Kubernetes Engine, Dialogflow
Pluto7 Planning In A Box improves demand forecast accuracy by leveraging Google Machine Learning Engine and enhances system performance and reliability with Google Cloud Platform as its foundation.
Google Cloud Platform Results
Delivers the most accurate demand forecasts to retailers
Enables company to focus on new features and product development, instead of production problems
Builds new features, such as chatbots, in one day instead of many
Grows business by leveraging a reliable, scalable platform to deliver greater value
Significantly improves accuracy of demand forecasts
As a seller on Amazon, how do you accurately predict demand for your products to help ensure you have just the right amount of available inventory when it’s needed? If you buy more inventory than demand warrants, you lose money. Didn’t buy enough product to meet demand? You lose money in that scenario, too. And if you play it safe by regularly carrying low inventories, your ranking on Amazon could get pushed down—making it harder for potential customers to find you.
Solving the inventory dilemma is what Pluto7 Planning In A Box does for its small and midsized retail customers. The software as a service (SaaS) offering helps sellers on Amazon, Shopify, eBay, and other online channels accurately forecast demand weeks and months in advance to manage inventories accordingly.
Before 2017, Planning In A Box used a SQL database running on a cloud-based machine learning (ML) server to provide its service to customers, but server crashes were a problem. Demand forecast data was delivered as statistical averages, which were helpful but not as precise as desired. And, the solution couldn’t scale easily or cost effectively.
Planning In A Box engineers knew they needed to evolve the solution’s back-end system in order to grow and stay competitive. So, in early 2017, the Planning In A Box team began migrating to Google Cloud Platform. The team was particularly interested in discovering how Google Cloud Machine Learning Engine could help deliver the most accurate demand forecasts to the company’s retail customers.
Since Google Cloud Platform deployment was completed in Q2 2017, Planning In A Box customers have already experienced the benefits of more accurate forecasts—notably during a recent busy holiday shopping season. For example, using Google Cloud Machine Learning Engine and other services, Planning In A Box delivered a forecast in August to one of its customers, an Amazon seller specializing in kites. The forecast predicted demand for the seller’s kites would increase nearly 300% during the holiday season.
Based on that prediction, the seller geared up its manufacturing and inventory months in advance to prepare for the holiday demand. Because the forecast was extremely accurate, as well as delivered well in advance, the seller maximized revenues for a shopping season that is notoriously difficult to predict.
“The drive toward Google Cloud Platform was to get beyond performance bottlenecks and leverage Google machine learning on a cloud platform that scales and is cost effective.”
—Salil Amonkar, COO and AI/ML Professional Services Leader, Pluto7
Significantly improving accuracy
Behind the scenes of the Planning In A Box offering, multiple Google services, including Google Kubernetes Engine, Google Cloud SQL, and Google BigQuery, “work together seamlessly to automate demand forecasting using a growing amount of datasets, while delivering increasingly detailed reporting analytics and more,” notes Salil Amonkar, COO and AI/ML Professional Services Leader for Pluto7.
Planning In A Box is built on a Docker container model and uses Google Kubernetes Engine to deploy the SaaS as images to customers. As a result, users can access the SaaS front end, as well as applications that run in their own environment on the back end, as separate instances—which helps them avoid the drawbacks of a multi-tenant environment.
“The drive toward Google Cloud Platform was to get beyond performance bottlenecks and leverage Google machine learning on a cloud platform that scales and is cost effective,” Salil adds.
The Planning In A Box team learned Google Cloud Platform quickly and were soon testing the level of demand forecasting accuracy in a Proof of Concept, adding more datasets to the machine learning model. Using a time-series forecasting model, forecast accuracy was significantly improved, especially compared to the statistical average forecasts the company’s previous solution provided.
“Google Cloud Platform is far more reliable than the previous platform Planning In A Box ran on, which would crash periodically,” says John Nikhil, Head of Growth & Sales, Planning in a Box, Pluto7. “We’d have to restart the server, get the data back in, and then do the forecasts again, and it was a drain on our resources that required two data scientists to keep the machine learning server running.” Having to re-input data after a crash could also affect the accuracy of forecasts.
Google Cloud Machine Learning Engine continuously “works around the clock, it never crashes,” John adds. As a result, he says forecast data can be requested at any time. “And because it doesn’t crash, I don’t have to worry about the data being incorrect.”
“It was so easy to deploy and test Google Cloud Machine Learning Engine without making any commitments or investments, especially since Google sweetens the deal with a credit for trying its services.”
—John Nikhil, Head of Growth & Sales, Planning in a Box, Pluto7
From maintenance to development
Freed from dealing with production issues, Planning In A Box data scientists now focus on getting more relevant datasets into the ML model, to provide customers with a greater variety of insights—and by extension, give customers more options for viewing inventory data. For example, in the past, forecasts were SKU-based. “Now, we can do forecasts on a product segment basis, which can group multiple SKUs together,” John says.
The data scientists have also been able to focus on building new features. There are plans to release a real-time sentiment analysis add-on feature based on Google Cloud Natural Language to help retail customers more accurately determine which products to focus their sales efforts on, if they need to add new products, and more.
“To keep growing, we need to add new features. Google Cloud Platform lets us free up engineering resources so we can deliver greater value to customers.”
“To keep growing, we need to add new features,” John says. “Google Cloud Platform lets us free up engineering resources so we can deliver greater value to customers.”
Planning In A Box also uses Google Cloud Machine Learning to predict demand. “It’s a selling point for us,” John says. “It gets new customers in front of me for a demo, because they’re curious to see what Google machine learning can do for them.”
Along with Google Cloud Platform enabling more time for development, it also encourages experimentation, which is a compelling combination. The Planning In A Box team can easily experiment with Google Cloud Platform services, given the flexible pricing structure and free trials from Google. “It was so easy to deploy and test Google Cloud Machine Learning Engine without making any commitments or investments,” he says, “especially since Google sweetens the deal with a credit for trying its services.”
The Planning In A Box team has also experimented with Google Dialogflow for building chatbots. "With any other chatbot development software, I’d have had to pay for it," John says, "and the experiment might not have worked. The ability to experiment without risk is one of the things I like most about Google Cloud Platform." He adds that his developers deployed a chatbot in one day using Google Dialogflow, a process that would otherwise have taken at least several days.
Everything in a box
The freedom to experiment, along with the stability, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and breadth of services available in Google Cloud Platform, are encouraging Pluto7 to expand its vision of Planning In A Box services. The goal is to serve as a total inventory management solution, giving customers a full view of their inventory in warehouses, manufacturing, and stores, and integrating all their online channels, including Amazon (in the United States and internationally), Shopify, and eBay.
“We want them to see, at the click of a button, their complete inventory across the world, including the ability to manage their distribution, all in one place,” John says. Or, as the product name implies, to truly have all their "planning in a box."
BigQuery Cloud SQL Cloud Machine Learning Engine Cloud Natural Language API Kubernetes Engine Dialogflow
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North Korean concentration camp survivor tells horrific life story
November 17, 2014 by Archived posts Leave a Comment
By Erica Wong |Staff Writer|
Life in North Korea is shrouded in mystery but a defector’s testimony allowed the international community to gain an insider’s perspective of the brutality of the North Korean government against its people.
A near-perfect map has helped the international community finally locate Camp 18, a concentration camp North Korea has repeatedly denied existence of.
Kim Hye-Sook is a North Korean defector that managed to escape Camp 18 and is now campaigning against the abomination by using the map and her pictures as her life memoir.
Kim spent almost three decades at Camp 18, forced to do manual labor in the mining town for 16-18 hours per day.
For 15 years, she pushed two-ton mining carts every day, resulting in her lung disease.
Camp 18 prisoners had no electricity and yet they lived within the confines of 3,300-volt electric barbed wire fences.
“It was through fear that they ruled,” said Kim.
Executions were a daily norm, and other prisoners were frequently forced to watch as a warning of what would happen if they did not obey.
There were no rules or regulations, and even on their best behavior, prisoners were beaten and abused. Everyone was at the mercy of the guards.
Kim told of some guards that commanded prisoners to kneel with their hands behind their back and their mouths open.
The guards would spit into the prisoner’s mouth, and if it wasn’t immediately swallowed, the prisoners were beaten.
Many died from arbitrary brutality, exhaustion, disease, or starvation.
According to Kim, there were corpses scattered around the camp.
Kim later learned that she and her family were imprisoned because of her grandfather’s defection to South Korea during the Korean War.
Their guilt by association with a family member Kim had no recollection of led to a lifetime of suffering.
Nobody was allowed to ask questions about their imprisonment, said Kim. North Korea justifies their labor camps by avoiding and denying.
The North Korean government puts on a show for the rest of the world by lying to humanitarian inspectors about living conditions.
They place fake props inside homes but after the inspectors leave the items are quickly confiscated.
Kim lost three of her five siblings as well as her mother, father, husband, and son. She still has two sisters that have been in the camp for 43 years.
Kim’s family of seven was only provided 4 kg of corn per month.
Conditions were so dire that being in the camp drove people to desperate measures, doing whatever it took to stay alive.
The prisoners were sometimes forced to eat tree bark or grass to survive.
Kim told the story of a mother who came home from work one day to find that her son had eaten the last of their corn.
She was so angry she stabbed her son to death.
Kim Hye Sook
“One time a woman put her nine-year-old daughter in a large pot and boiled her,” said Kim, looking down. “The girl was too big for the pot, so the mother chopped her head and legs to make the body fit.”
Kim tried to escape multiple times and was tortured every time she was caught.
In the detention center, captured escapees were hung by their legs and beaten.
Kim was stripped and forced to jump and squat multiple times to reveal any contraband she could have hidden in her orifices.
“I just wanted to make a home for myself,” said Kim.
During her first escape attempt, a woman who found her homeless in a subway station lured her with food,and sold her back to the guards.
The second time, she was captured with two other young girls that were sold into prostitution but she was considered too old and was sold to work for a restaurant in China.
While buying pigs in North Korea for the restaurant, she was seized and sent back to Camp 18.
At last, she was sold to a limping Chinese man as his bride, but he was compassionate enough to help her escape to South Korea.
During Kim’s final escape through the Mekong River, an alligator ferociously attacked a woman in her boat, but the guards left her to die.
Realizing the injustice, Kim became an activist against North Korea’s inhumane treatment of its citizens.
In retaliation, North Korean delegates were sent to her recent New York seminar to refute her testimony with accusations that the survivors are being paid to lie.
Kim’s experiences have led her to become pessimistic about the reunion of separated North and South Korean families.
Gifts from South Koreans to their North Korean relatives during family reunions are quickly seized afterwards by the government.
Any humanitarian aid given to alleviate suffering in the North never makes it to the intended recipients.
Kim’s drawings encourage the international community to help, but not in the ways one would think.
Pressure on North Korea from other countries may be a better way to bring about change.
Her anger from all the years of brutality has turned into a passion for activism.
Life in Camp 18 is far beyond anything the world could imagine. Most individuals will never have to endure such conditions in their lifetime.
Kim never knew what life was supposed to be like until she left North Korea.
“You guys are so lucky,” said Kim.
CSU conference tackles substance abuse
Children suffer on tobacco farms
Seeking justice through video recording
Filed Under: Features Tagged With: abuse, cannibalism, concentration camp, Human Rights, humanitarian aid, Inter-Korean relations, International Relations, North Korea, North Korean Defector, torture
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Sea Cloud II, Journey 2022 ex Travemunde to Leith
10 Night cruise sailing from Travemunde to Leith onboard Sea Cloud II.
Departure: 21 Jul 2020
From: Travemunde Germany
Cruise line: Sea Cloud Cruises
Cruise Ship: Sea Cloud II
10 Night(s) From
21/07/2020 Travemunde Germany 05:00 PM
22/07/2020 Copenhagen, Denmark 01:30 PM 11:00 PM
23/07/2020 Aarhus,Denmark 01:30 PM 07:00 PM
25/07/2020 Oslo, Norway 11:00 AM 11:59 PM
26/07/2020 Risoer, Norway 01:30 PM 07:00 PM
27/07/2020 Arendal, Norway 08:00 AM 01:00 PM
28/07/2020 Stavanger, Norway 01:00 PM
29/07/2020 Stavanger, Norway 08:00 AM
31/07/2020 Leith, Scotland 08:00 AM
The SEA CLOUD II can be recognised as the true sister ship of the legendary SEA CLOUD, but has its own, very unique character. It combines the high standards expected of a modern cruise ship with the unique atmosphere of a romantic tall ship.
The lido deck on the 5-star cruise ship SEA CLOUD II
Relaxing under the white sails of the SEA CLOUD II
Classic, nostalgic, elegant. A windjammer gives you that feeling of boundless freedom - a feeling that reaches its pinnacle as you sail the seas under open skies. But this is a feeling that pervades the SEA CLOUD II at all times, manifested in the on-board lifestyle and forged by the expansive space of the four decks, the relaxed social atmosphere and the space for private contemplation.
The lounge, the library, the restaurant, the cabins and the gym are all imbued with stylish comfort. Every area has its own way of enticing visitors, so you will still discover new favourite places even after days. The decks of the SEA CLOUD II are therefore an ideal place to transform any journey into a very special experience.
Since it was commissioned over ten years ago, the SEA CLOUD II has never ceased to enchant and impress people. Not only is it a modern and elegant cruise ship, but a very private yacht. While discerning cruise-lovers will discover their passion for classic sailing ships, sailing enthusiasts will become devotees of great voyages.
The Baltic spa town of Travemünde is the finest borough of Lübeck and since 1329 has provided the Hanseatic city's access to the Baltic Sea at the mouth of the Trave. At the front, the old façades of the promenade along the River Trave are the external face of this former fishing and seafaring village, whose pretty old 16th century town houses nestle in alleys surrounding the church of Saint Lorenz. The legendary casino and spa hotel between the spa gardens and seafront are testament to over 200 years as a seaside resort. Whether it's exploring the wild beach beneath the Brodtener Ufer cliffs, the long white spa beach or the Priwall peninsula opposite, admiring the four-masted 'Passat' barque - a standing testament to past times - or watching as the huge ferries and cruise ships sweep past within touching distance on their way up or down the Trave - there is plenty to see and do in Travemünde.
With its countless canals, lakes and harbour basin, water is an essential part of this city. The Inderhavnen (inner harbour) runs through the royal capital of Denmark like a wide river before flowing into the Sound. Once the boundary between the western and eastern districts, the harbour quays have now become the heart of the city. Streets, alleyways, parks and squares all remain from the days when kings had them built. Each period of history has left its mark on the magnificent cityscape which includes several castles. In the midst of modern-day life, you can take a ride on a carousel in the Tivoli Gardens, follow the royal bodyguards with their bearskin hats as they march through the streets or visit the city's famous magical landmark, the little mermaid in the harbour.
With its idyllic islands and summery beaches, the 75-mile long Oslofjord forms a picturesque entrance to the Norwegian capital. Up in Holmenkollen there is a gigantic ski jump offering the best views of the city, while below on the banks of the fjord is the futuristic Oslo Opera House, which was modelled on a glacier. The city-centre harbour with its monumental city hall, where the Nobel Peace Prize is awarded every year, is flanked by the imposing medieval Akershus fortress and the post-modern architecture of the new Aker Brygge and Tjuvholmen districts, including a new promenade along the fjord. Areas of this trendy city are changing, as part of a new harbour front development, there are plans to build a new boulevard and a Munch museum.
Risoer
The 'Norwegian Riviera' stretches some 124 miles along the coast between Sandefjord in the east and Kristiansand in the west. Its mild climate comes courtesy of the craggy mountains in the north while thousands of small rocky islands protect it against rough seas. The charming little coastal town of Risør was christened 'the white town on the Skagerrak' during the great Dutch wood export boom around 1500. It is one of Europe's best-preserved 19th century wooden settlements and is considered to be the country's most beautiful wooden town. There are also three fjords and an archipelago on the doorstep.
Spread across seven islands, originally interspersed with a network of canals and partly built on stilts, the provincial capital of Arendal has often been compared to Venice. The widest of the town's canals protected the Tyholmen peninsula against devastating fires in the 19th century. Much of the pretty old town is listed as a heritage site and is famous for its outstanding restaurants. It takes you back to the heyday of sailing vessels when Arendal had the largest sailing fleet in Norway and was a flourishing centre for shipbuilding and exports of wood and iron ore. Magnificent views of the harbour and islands are to be had from the narrow streets lined with colourful wooden houses which surround the striking Trefoldighetskirken (Trinity Church) on the west side of the Pollen dock.
The port of Stavanger spans an area of mainland and several islands in a spectacular location between the skerries to the south and the fjord landscape to the west. The picturesque old town, with a cathedral dating back to around 1125 when Stavanger was founded, and the brilliant white 18th and 19th century wooden houses are overlooked by the glass and metal façades of international oil companies. Initially, Stavanger was an important fishing and seafaring centre. Subsequently, it became the world's biggest producer of tinned sardines before the extraction of black gold from the North Sea made it a rich oil centre and Norway's fourth largest city. Stavenger reinvented itself again as European Capital of Culture in 2008. Nearby are the 612-metre high Månafossen waterfall, the longest sandy beach in Norway known as the Sola beach and the Lysefjord with the imposing Preikestolen cliff.
Leith (Edinburgh)/ Scotland
Three vantage points offer fantastic views of this beautiful capital on the southern bank of the Firth of Forth. The historic castle is impossible to miss atop Castle Rock high above the narrow and sometimes very steep medieval streets. The Royal Mile, a mile-long parade of Victorian buildings in the old town, connects the two royal residences of Edinburgh Castle and Holyrood Palace. The imposing outline of Arthur's Seat, a mountain which would look more at home in the Highlands, looms over Holyrood Park. The New Town, a masterpiece of Georgian urban architecture with a grid-like street pattern, stretches toward the harbour from Prince's Street, at the eastern end of which you will find a small Greek temple looming atop Carlton Hill. The Old Town and New Town, both UNESCO world heritage sites, are divided by Princes Street Gardens, the green lungs of the city and venue for the loudest music and festival events.
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House Committee : Armed Services House Committee : Oversight and Reform House Committee : Veterans' Affairs 111 (2009-2010)
1. H.R.4088 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Fort Hood Families Benefits Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Carter, John R. [R-TX-31] (Introduced 11/17/2009) Cosponsors: (97) Committees: House - Armed Services, Ways and Means, Oversight and Government Reform, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 12/08/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker:
2. H.R.3001 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Ending LGBT Health Disparities Act Sponsor: Rep. Baldwin, Tammy [D-WI-2] (Introduced 06/23/2009) Cosponsors: (24) Committees: House - Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce, Armed Services, Judiciary, Oversight and Government Reform, House Administration, Education and Labor, Veterans' Affairs, Transportation and Infrastructure, Intelligence (Permanent Select), Foreign Affairs Latest Action: House - 08/03/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker:
3. H.R.2990 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Disabled Military Retiree Relief Act of 2009 Sponsor: Rep. Skelton, Ike [D-MO-4] (Introduced 06/23/2009) Cosponsors: (25) Committees: House - Armed Services, Oversight and Government Reform, Natural Resources, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 08/03/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker:
4. H.R.1474 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Servicemembers Access to Justice Act of 2009 Sponsor: Rep. Davis, Artur [D-AL-7] (Introduced 03/12/2009) Cosponsors: (28) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Armed Services, Oversight and Government Reform Latest Action: House - 04/27/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker:
Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties [1]
Carter, John R. [R-TX] [1]
Davis, Artur [D-AL] [1]
Skelton, Ike [D-MO] [1]
Bordallo, Madeleine Z. [D-GU] [2]
Brady, Robert A. [D-PA] [2]
Connolly, Gerald E. [D-VA] [2]
Courtney, Joe [D-CT] [2]
Davis, Susan A. [D-CA] [2]
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Home > Members > Representative Paul Tonko
Representative Paul Tonko (1949 - )In Congress 2009 - Present |
New York 20 House: 113th-116th (2013-Present)
New York 21 House: 111th-112th (2009-2013)
https://tonko.house.gov/
Legislation Sponsored or Cosponsored by Paul Tonko
114 (2015-2016) — 115 (2017-2018) Subject — Policy Area : Transportation and Public Works
1. H.R.7260 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Limousine Safety Modernization Act Sponsor: Rep. Faso, John J. [R-NY-19] (Introduced 12/11/2018) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 12/11/2018 Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. (All Actions) Tracker:
2. H.R.6125 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) To rename a waterway in the State of New York as the "Joseph Sanford Jr. Channel". Sponsor: Rep. Meeks, Gregory W. [D-NY-5] (Introduced 06/15/2018) Cosponsors: (19) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/18/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker:
3. H.R.6016 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Bus Operator and Pedestrian Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Napolitano, Grace F. [D-CA-32] (Introduced 06/06/2018) Cosponsors: (78) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/07/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker:
4. H.R.2150 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Flags of Convenience Don't Fly Here Act Sponsor: Rep. DeFazio, Peter A. [D-OR-4] (Introduced 04/26/2017) Cosponsors: (137) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 04/27/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker:
5. H.R.911 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Saracini Aviation Safety Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Fitzpatrick, Brian K. [R-PA-8] (Introduced 02/07/2017) Cosponsors: (86) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/08/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker:
6. H.R.233 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Safe Freight Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Young, Don [R-AK-At Large] (Introduced 01/03/2017) Cosponsors: (120) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 01/04/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker:
7. H.Con.Res.63 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Supporting efforts to enact a bold jobs and infrastructure package that benefits all Americans, not just billionaires. Sponsor: Rep. Lieu, Ted [D-CA-33] (Introduced 05/25/2017) Cosponsors: (157) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/26/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker:
8. H.R.5443 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) PHMSA Accountability Act Sponsor: Rep. Speier, Jackie [D-CA-14] (Introduced 06/09/2016) Cosponsors: (7) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, Judiciary Latest Action: House - 06/10/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker:
9. H.R.5292 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Air Traffic Controller Hiring Improvement Act of 2016 Sponsor: Rep. Curbelo, Carlos [R-FL-26] (Introduced 05/19/2016) Cosponsors: (260) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/20/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker:
10. H.R.5090 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) To ensure that air transportation between the United States and the European Union complies with the intent of article 17 bis of the United States-European Union-Norway-Iceland Air Transport Agreement of June 21, 2011. Sponsor: Rep. DeFazio, Peter A. [D-OR-4] (Introduced 04/28/2016) Cosponsors: (176) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/02/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker:
11. H.R.4971 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) PIPE Act of 2016 Sponsor: Rep. Speier, Jackie [D-CA-14] (Introduced 04/15/2016) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, Judiciary Latest Action: House - 05/17/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. (All Actions) Tracker:
12. H.R.3997 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) To amend MAP-21 to establish a veterans business enterprises program, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Rep. Cummings, Elijah E. [D-MD-7] (Introduced 11/16/2015) Cosponsors: (40) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Small Business Latest Action: House - 11/17/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker:
13. H.R.3805 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Broadband Conduit Deployment Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Eshoo, Anna G. [D-CA-18] (Introduced 10/22/2015) Cosponsors: (55) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 10/23/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker:
14. H.R.3523 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Honoring Our Fallen TSA Officers Act Sponsor: Rep. Brownley, Julia [D-CA-26] (Introduced 09/16/2015) Cosponsors: (50) Committees: House - Judiciary Latest Action: House - 10/05/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. (All Actions) Tracker:
15. H.R.3458 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Connected Transportation Research and Innovation Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Johnson, Eddie Bernice [D-TX-30] (Introduced 09/09/2015) Cosponsors: (12) Committees: House - Science, Space, and Technology, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 09/30/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Research and Technology. (All Actions) Tracker:
16. H.R.2495 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) TIGER Grants for Job Creation Act Sponsor: Rep. Waters, Maxine [D-CA-43] (Introduced 05/21/2015) Cosponsors: (69) Committees: House - Appropriations, Budget Latest Action: House - 05/21/2015 Referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and in addition to the Committee on the Budget, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. (All Actions) Tracker:
17. H.R.2410 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) GROW AMERICA Act Sponsor: Rep. DeFazio, Peter A. [D-OR-4] (Introduced 05/19/2015)(by request) Cosponsors: (62) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Science, Space, and Technology, Natural Resources, Oversight and Government Reform, Budget, Rules Latest Action: House - 08/18/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Research and Technology. (All Actions) Tracker:
18. H.R.2379 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) To prohibit the transportation of certain volatile crude oil by rail. Sponsor: Rep. Lowey, Nita M. [D-NY-17] (Introduced 05/15/2015) Cosponsors: (5) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/18/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker:
19. H.R.1804 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Crude-By-Rail Safety Act Sponsor: Rep. McDermott, Jim [D-WA-7] (Introduced 04/15/2015) Cosponsors: (10) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 04/16/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker:
20. H.R.1763 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Safe Freight Act Sponsor: Rep. Young, Don [R-AK-At Large] (Introduced 04/13/2015) Cosponsors: (69) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 04/14/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker:
21. H.R.1274 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Vision Zero Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Blumenauer, Earl [D-OR-3] (Introduced 03/04/2015) Cosponsors: (32) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: 03/06/2015 Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (All Actions) Tracker:
22. H.R.1181 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Vehicle Safety Improvement Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Schakowsky, Janice D. [D-IL-9] (Introduced 02/27/2015) Cosponsors: (11) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 03/06/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade. (All Actions) Tracker:
23. H.R.911 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Saracini Aviation Safety Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Fitzpatrick, Michael G. [R-PA-8] (Introduced 02/12/2015) Cosponsors: (81) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/13/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker:
24. H.R.199 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Bicycle and Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvement Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Sires, Albio [D-NJ-8] (Introduced 01/07/2015) Cosponsors: (17) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 01/08/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker:
Transportation and Public Works Remove
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Mobile innovations in the developing world
Yesterdays article in the economist describes how mobile operators in developing countries cope with the inherently low ARPU’s of their customer base through creative cost cutting measures, achieving operating margins similar to leading Western operators.
A special report on telecoms in emerging markets.
The mother of invention. Network operators in the poor world are cutting costs and increasing access in innovative ways
PROVIDING mobile services in a developing country is very different from doing the same thing in the developed world. For a start, there may not be a reliable electrical grid, or indeed any grid at all, to power the network’s base stations, which may therefore need to run on diesel for some or all of the time. That in turn means they must be regularly resupplied with fuel, which can be tricky in remote areas. Then there is the challenge of running the network profitably. In Europe mobile subscribers typically spend about $36 a month, a figure known in the industry as the average revenue per user (ARPU). In America that figure is $51 and in Japan $57. But in China it is only around $10, in India less than $7 (see table 5) and in some African countries even lower. As mobile phones get cheaper and more poor people can afford them, ARPUs across the developing world are falling.
Operators in poor countries have responded by finding new ways to reduce the cost of operating mobile networks and serving customers. The country that has gone furthest down this road is India, so the result is sometimes known as the “Indian model”, even though some of its features originated elsewhere, and some low-cost innovations developed elsewhere have not caught on in India. Despite an ARPU of only $6.50 and call charges of $0.02 per minute, Indian operators have operating margins of around 40%, comparable with leading Western operators, according to a study by Capgemini, a consultancy. “On low-cost, innovative models, this is where the centre of gravity is,” says Prashant Gokarn, head of strategy at Reliance Communications, India’s second-biggest operator. Given India’s size, its combination of poverty and rapid growth and its reputation as a centre of technology and outsourcing, it is hardly surprising that it has emerged as the crucible of business-model innovation.
Indian model
Outsourcing is at the heart of the Indian model, which was pioneered and is now embodied by Bharti Airtel, India’s biggest mobile operator. All of Bharti’s information-technology (IT) operations are outsourced to IBM; the running of its mobile network is handled by Ericsson and Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN); and customer care is outsourced to IBM and a group of Indian firms. This passes much of the risk of coping with a rapidly growing subscriber base to other parties and leaves Bharti to concentrate on marketing and strategy. Unusually, it is not just the operation of Bharti’s network that is outsourced but the construction as well, under a scheme known as “managed capacity” that is now used by several Indian operators.
When moving into a new area, Bharti requests a certain amount of calling capacity and pays for it three months later at an agreed price per unit of capacity, says Kunal Bajaj of BDA, a telecoms consultancy. That leaves it up to the vendor to handle the business of designing networks, putting up base stations and so on, giving it an incentive to build the network as frugally as possible. Margaret Rice-Jones of Aircom, a network-planning consultancy, says this cut costs by ensuring that operators do not pay for more capacity than they really need. “The old model was a bit like letting your supermarket plan your shopping list,” she says. The vendors, for their part, gain economies of scale because they build, run and support networks for several Indian operators. Ericsson’s Mr Svanberg says his firm can run a network with 25% fewer staff than an operator would need. Bharti’s operating expenses are around 15% lower than they would be if it were to build and run its network itself, and its IT costs are around 30% lower, according to Capgemini.
Arguably, the Indian model should be called the Ericsson model, says Mr Svanberg, because his firm developed it and first deployed it on a small scale in New Zealand. But, says Mr Bajaj, “Bharti decided to do its entire network like this, and to experiment at that scale is totally different.” There were growing pains to start with as Bharti and its outsourced suppliers searched for the right balance of cost- and risk-sharing. Expanding into rural areas is especially tricky because the capacity needed is initially very low, so Bharti typically agrees to buy a minimum amount.
Equipment vendors make most of their profits when capacity is increased. “You make the land grab in the early phases, and what you’re securing is margins and revenues for the future,” says Ms Rice-Jones. The outsourced-network model is now gaining popularity with other operators in India. Even if they do not go as far as Bharti, they are more likely than operators elsewhere to outsource network design, tuning and management, says Mr Svanberg.
A second plank of the Indian model is infrastructure-sharing, in which several operators share the metal towers on which network antennae are mounted and which house their associated equipment, generators and so forth. In 2007 three Indian operators, Bharti, Vodafone Essar and Idea Cellular, pooled 100,000 of their towers in a single company, Indus Towers. Not all the operators use all the towers (the average is about 1.5 operators per tower), but the arrangement saves the three companies having to find new sites and build their own towers. Indus Towers will also lease tower capacity to other operators.
Similarly, Reliance Communications has spun off its towers into a separate unit that will offer tower capacity to other operators. This turns an operator’s assets into a source of new revenue, says Mr Gokarn, and allows the mobile operator to concentrate on serving customers. Tower-sharing happens in other countries too, including Britain and America, says Greg Jacobsen of Capgemini; and some countries, including China and Bangladesh, have made sharing compulsory. What is unusual about India is the extent of voluntary, market-led sharing as a way to reduce costs.
Other components of the Indian model include “lifetime” prepaid schemes, in which customers pay a one-off fee and can then receive incoming calls indefinitely, even if they do not make outgoing calls; widespread use of paperless top-ups, to reduce the costs of distributing top-up vouchers; and automatically turning off some equipment at night, when traffic volumes fall, to reduce energy usage.
The search for new cost savings continues. Reliance is experimenting with a “micro-call-centre” model, in which large call centres in urban areas are replaced by a smaller number of centres in more rural areas. This means agents can be paid less and are more likely to be able to answer queries. Turnover is high, so the trick, says Mr Gokarn, is to reduce the cost of training new agents. Indian operators are also keen adopters of “green” base-station technologies, such as air cooling, solar and wind power, and hybrid diesel-electric generators, which reduce energy consumption and hence operating costs. “Green technology has become a hot topic in India because it’s cheaper,” says Mr Bajaj.
Dynamic Africa
African operators, which face many of the same difficulties as those in India, have devised some cost-lowering innovations of their own, such as dynamic tariffing, pioneered by MTN. This involves adjusting the cost of calls every hour, in each network cell, depending on the level of usage. Customers can check the discount they are getting on their handsets. At 4am it can be as high as 99%. This generates calls when the network would otherwise be little used, says Themba Khumalo of MTN Uganda. In addition to the peak hour from 8am, he says, there is now a new peak hour from 1am as people take advantage of cheaper calls. Customers in developing countries are far more price-sensitive than people in the rich world, notes Stephan Beckert of TeleGeography, so they are prepared to stay up late to save money. Vodacom has introduced a similar scheme. In Tanzania, says Ms Rice-Jones, it found that call volumes increase by 20-30% in areas where dynamic tariffing is switched on.
Another African innovation is “borderless roaming”, introduced by Celtel (now Zain) in late 2006. This allows customers in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda to move between these countries without paying roaming charges to make or receive calls. They can also top up their calling credit in any of these countries. The scheme has been extended to other African countries where Celtel operates, and rival operators such as MTN have introduced similar offers. Borderless roaming is possible because many operators have direct fibre-optic connections between their networks in different countries, allowing them to act, in effect, like a single network.
Alessio Ascari, of McKinsey, a consultancy, argues that Africa, rather than India, “is the new battlefield and the new laboratory for development” in telecoms. The difficulties operators face are even greater than in India, given the huge diversity and political instability in many countries, as well as widespread poverty and fierce competition. Africa is also interesting because local operators and regional champions are competing with Middle Eastern operators, such as Zain and Etisalat, and those from Europe, such as Vodafone and Orange. All of them, Mr Ascari points out, “bring different strengths to the market”.
The wealth of innovation in India and Africa demonstrates that the Western operators are not always best at running networks. “Each of us is learning different pieces of the puzzle from the others,” says Mr Álvarez-Pallete of Spain’s Telefónica. His company is transferring expertise, and indeed managers, between its operations in Europe and Latin America. Much the same is done at Vodafone, which has separate divisions for the developed and the developing world. Vittorio Colao, its chief executive, says his company is applying its European expertise in customer-profiling and segmentation in India, for example, as customer loyalty becomes more important. But there is also a flow of expertise in the opposite direction, in particular in network operations. “There are a lot of operational ideas from a cash-constrained, poor and very entrepreneurial environment that you can immediately bring back to the developed world,” he notes.
Perhaps the most striking example is the agreement struck between Vodafone and Telefónica in March 2009 to share towers and other network infrastructure in four European countries. Network-sharing is not new, says Mr Colao, “but the confidence to do it at scale, and with a fierce competitor, came from India. Once you see how it works in that kind of environment, you become much more confident that you can do it in Barcelona or Venice.” The savings are much bigger in Europe because the cost of leasing tower sites is higher, which adds to the attraction of the deal. An agreement reached in July by Sprint, an American operator, to outsource the day-to-day running of its network to Ericsson can also be seen as an example of the spread of the Indian model, argues Capgemini’s Mr Jacobsen. Ericsson is betting that it will be able to sign similar deals with other American operators in order to gain economies of scale.
Vodafone has outsourced more of its IT, again inspired by the Indian example, and it is using the Indian “managed capacity” model at one of its rapidly growing subsidiaries in Turkey. But according to Mr Colao this model, which he likens to leasing rather than buying a car, does not work everywhere. “In markets where you are not sure about speed and shape of growth, the model makes sense,” he says. But in mature markets where demand is easier to predict it can be better for operators to build new capacity themselves. Vodafone is also taking a leaf out of the Indian marketing book, moving its marketing chief from India, Harit Nagpal, into a global marketing role. (Google “Zoo zoo” to see Vodafone’s popular series of Indian television advertisements.)
The challenge now is to apply all these cost-saving lessons to connecting the world’s remaining 3 billion people and achieving universal mobile coverage. Within India, even the most remote areas are now judged to be on the verge of commercial viability, judging by the results of two auctions held in 2007. In each case bidders had to say how much government subsidy they would require to expand into rural areas, with the contract going to the lowest bidder.
In the first auction, for the right to build shared towers in 8,000 rural locations, the average subsidy requested was 35%, much less than expected. In the second auction, for the right to offer mobile services, many operators submitted zero bids or even negative ones—in effect offering to pay for the right to set up in rural areas. “The subsidies required are not as big as everyone thought, because the companies believe there’s a business case in being present in rural areas first,” says Mr Bajaj. In part this reflects the cut-throat competition in the Indian market. But it also shows that mandated tower-sharing can make the economics far more attractive for operators in rural areas, which could be a valuable lesson for other countries. A second round of rural expansion, with another 12,000 shared towers, has been announced.
In China tower-sharing is mandatory, which has helped reduce the cost of expanding into rural areas. But since the three mobile operators are state-owned, the extension of coverage is co-ordinated from the centre. China Mobile, the largest operator, has signed an agreement with the agriculture ministry to cover 98% of rural areas by 2012, in part to compensate for its relative weakness in third-generation (3G) networks, where it is being forced to adopt the home-grown and relatively immature Chinese standard. And just as India, renowned for its technology-services industry, has pioneered clever business models and outsourcing to get prices down and extend access, China has used its own particular strength as a low-cost manufacturer (see article).
Rural access elsewhere in the developing world is also likely to improve. One hopeful sign is the merger being negotiated between Bharti and MTN, which should accelerate the transfer of low-cost operating expertise between India and Africa. Greater scale will also increase the combined firm’s clout with suppliers. The deal is driven by Bharti’s and MTN’s desire for long-term growth potential outside their existing markets, rather than by hopes of cost savings, says Mr Bajaj. But it could promote greater use of network outsourcing in Africa, and new techniques such as dynamic tariffing in India.
This is unlikely to be the end of Indian operators’ international ambitions, which could spread the Indian model to other parts of the world. So far moves into Africa by Middle Eastern operators have not been conspicuously successful. Nick Jotischky of Informa Telecoms & Media, a consultancy, notes that Middle Eastern operators often lack the Indian operators’ experience with low-cost business models. Zain, for example, was said to be looking for a buyer for its operations in sub-Saharan Africa, many of which are making losses, to concentrate on wealthier customers in North Africa and the Middle East. But in recent weeks it has been negotiating to sell a 46% stake to a consortium of Indian and Malaysian buyers. Reliance, India’s number two, held merger talks with MTN last year.
In recent years Indian firms have made a series of bold foreign acquisitions in industries such as steel and cars. If its telecoms giants follow suit, their low-cost model could give them a clear competitive advantage—and help bring mobile phones within reach of even more people.
You’re currently reading “Mobile innovations in the developing world,” an entry on Consultant Value Added
September 25, 2009 / 10:41 AM
cost reduction, ebitda improvement, Emerging markets, network
Africa, Bharti, Emerging markets, Ericsson, IBM, India, Managed capacity, MTN, Nokia Siemens, outsourcing, Zain
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Study Casts Doubt on Hospice Admission Criteria for Patients With Dementia
Desire for comfort care should guide the decision, say experts
By Serena Gordon
TUESDAY, Nov. 2, 2010 (HealthDay News) -- Many people with advanced dementia aren't getting much-needed hospice care because the admission criteria is flawed, researchers say.
"Dementia is a leading cause of death in the U.S., and hospice care can benefit patients with dementia. The main hindrance to getting palliative [comfort] care is guidelines that try to guide practitioners to wait until an estimated life expectancy of six months," said Dr. Susan L. Mitchell, a senior scientist at the Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife in Boston, and lead author of a new study.
Such end-of-life predictions are difficult to make with certainty in dementia cases. Instead of using life expectancy as the requirement for admission, hospice care for dementia patients should be offered based on the patient's and family's desire for comfort care, suggest Mitchell and colleagues in the study published in the Nov. 3 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
A New and Better Way to 'Stage' Alzheimer's Patients?
Hospice, or palliative, care is most often associated with cancer patients. The goal is to provide comfort and support to patients and their families, instead of life-prolonging treatments.
For people with cancer, the decision to switch to palliative care is more clear-cut. It generally occurs when someone decides to forgo traditional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation, that don't seem to be working anymore, and instead receive comfort care, which includes better pain management and discussions about important end-of-life care decisions.
For people with dementia, the decision process is murkier. Most people with advanced dementia are already in nursing homes, receiving around-the-clock care, but palliative care can provide families with additional support and help families make difficult decisions, such as whether or not to treat infections with antibiotics or to use a feeding tube to deliver nutrition. Palliative care may also provide better pain management and symptom relief, said Mitchell.
To improve the likelihood of dementia patients getting palliative care, Mitchell and her co-authors tried to come up with a better tool to assess their potential life expectancy.
This new method, dubbed the Advanced Dementia Prognostic Tool (ADEPT), includes 12 items, such as body mass index, ability to perform tasks of daily living like self-feeding, bowel incontinence, shortness of breath and oral food intake.
The researchers compared their assessment tool with the standard Medicare hospice eligibility guidelines on 606 residents in 21 nursing homes.
Their tool accurately predicted a life expectancy of fewer than six months 67 percent of the time, versus 55 percent for the Medicare guidelines, said Mitchell.
"While ADEPT was better than the Medicare criteria, its predictive ability isn't perfect," said Mitchell. "The delivery of palliative care should be guided by a preference of comfort care rather than by life expectancy," she added.
A 2009 study by Mitchell and her colleagues was the first to label dementia a terminal illness like cancer and other incurable diseases.
Dr. Joseph Shega, an associate professor in the section of geriatrics and palliative medicine at the University of Chicago Medical Center, said he agrees that the issue of comfort care for dementia patients deserves attention.
"It's important to recognize that we're not really good at figuring out how long someone with dementia might live, and I agree with these authors that we should focus more on the goals of care and stop spending resources on trying to figure out how long someone might live," said Shega.
"Hospice provides more support for nursing home staff, better support for the family, and can help better educate the family on the natural process of dementia so they know what's going on," he explained.
Hospice also helps manage symptoms, like discomfort or agitation, Shega added, while making sure that care plans and treatment goals agree with the values and wishes of the patients and their families.
Read more about dementia and end-of-life care from the U.S. National Institute on Aging.
SOURCES: Susan L. Mitchell, M.D., M.P.H., senior scientist, Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston; Joseph Shega, M.D., associate professor, section of geriatrics and palliative medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center; Nov. 3, 2010, Journal of the American Medical Association
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2010
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German-born Christian Reif is Resident Conductor of the San Francisco Symphony and Music Director of the San Francisco Symphony Youth Orchestra. Previously, he was Conducting Fellow with the New World Symphony in Miami, working closely with Michael Tilson Thomas. In 2018.19, Reif conducts subscription concerts with the SPCO and the San Francisco Symphony and makes debuts with the Omaha Symphony and Hong Kong Philharmonic. He returns to the Nürnberger Symphoniker and Berkeley Symphony, leads a production of Leoncavallo’s Pagliacci at Opera San Jose, and conducts a new chamber version of John Adams’s El Niño with the American Modern Opera Company as part the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s MetLiveArts series in New York. Reif is a member of Germany’s Conductor’s Forum (Dirigentenforum) and is one of the forum’s 2017.18 and 2018.19 featured “Maestros of Tomorrow”. He completed his Master of Music in Conducting at Julliard and was a Conducting Fellow at the Tanglewood Music Center in 2015 and 2016.
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Dump the Guardian
by Media Lens / February 14th, 2019
We were sad to hear that the comedian Jeremy Hardy had died on 1 February. Typically, media reports and obituaries prefixed the label ‘left-wing’ before the word ‘comedian’ as a kind of government health warning. What they really meant was that he was ‘too far left’. Normally, the media don’t label entertainers as ‘extreme centrists’, ‘neocon sympathisers’ or ‘Israel supporters’, when perhaps they should.
Hardy was a regular panellist on BBC shows, the News Quiz and I’m Sorry I Haven’t a Clue. His ability to be extremely funny and sharp-witted, as well as being popular with other panellists and the public, probably allowed him a measure of corporate BBC indulgence to inject left-wing bullet points that others might not have been afforded. Fellow comedian Miles Jupp noted that:
Many people have the ability to express their political beliefs coherently and many people have the ability to be funny. Jeremy Hardy, who has died of cancer aged 57, had an astonishing ability to do both things at the same time.
From the earliest days his socialist beliefs were a thread that ran throughout his comedy, as they did his life and his campaigning.
One of us (Cromwell) saw Hardy perform twice at Nuffield Theatre at the University of Southampton, where he had studied in the 1980s. On both occasions, he was very funny, sharp and thoroughly engaging. During the second performance, on 15 October 2017, he spoke passionately about the blatantly negative media coverage targeting Jeremy Corbyn:
The worst is the liberal media. Take the Guardian. What is it that the Guardian actually guards? It guards how progressive you’re allowed to be. You can go this far to the left and no further.
This echoed Noam Chomsky’s well-known remark about the liberal media policing the bounds of permissible debate:
‘Thus far and no further.’
It is ironic, but entirely apt, that the Guardian’s obituary noted that Hardy wrote a column for the paper between 1996 and 2001, but neglected to mention that he was dropped for being too left-wing.
In his final, potent column on 4 April, 2001 Hardy had written:
Some of you will be relieved to know that this is the last column I shall be writing for the Guardian. Others may be sorry, and I thank you for that. I have been told that my column has run its course, which is a self-fulfilling accusation…also told that I shouldn’t use the column as a platform for the Socialist Alliance.
By contrast, commentators – including those holding senior Guardian positions – have not been told to stop using their columns as a platform for the apartheid Israeli state, neoliberalism or Western ‘intervention’ around the world.
Hardy crammed in many astute observations that make poignant reading now, 18 years later. He rightly observed that:
Most of the exciting developments in politics are happening outside the electoral orb.
Ironically, it was grassroots pressure outside Parliament and ‘the electoral orb’ that enabled Jeremy Corbyn to be elected Labour leader and pull off results in the 2016 General Election that stunned ‘seasoned’ political ‘analysts’. Consider, too, the recent Extinction Rebellion movement that is literally campaigning for the survival of the human species – precisely because electoral politics has utterly failed; or rather succeeded in entrenching the interests of a right-wing, super-rich and powerful elite.
Hardy warned presciently of the dangers of the Lib Dems attaining power in a coalition – which they did after the 2010 General Election, propping up an extremist Tory-led government. He also pointed to the emasculation of the trade union movement:
For me to write this will appal those socialists who still hold the line that “Labour is the party of the organised working class”, but I think it’s time to replace the word “working” with “capitalist”, and try the sentence again. Trade unionists put tremendous effort into the relationship but it’s an abusive one. I’m sure union leaders will say, “But Tony’s not like that when he’s with me”, but they’re just throwing money at the problem.
Ex-Guardian journalist Jonathan Cook commented via Twitter:
Fascinating reading now the late comedian Jeremy Hardy’s last column for the Guardian in 2001. He admits he was pushed out for refusing to use humour simply to provoke a postmodern chuckle and for being too outspoken against Tony Blair, who would go on to wage illegal war in Iraq.
When we highlighted on Twitter that the Guardian’s Jeremy Hardy obituary had omitted the uncomfortable fact that the paper dropped him for being too left-wing, the deputy obituaries editor of the Telegraph retorted:
He wasn’t dropped for being too left-wing. He was dropped for not putting in enough jokes. Read the column.
In fact, anyone reading the column beyond the first paragraph would have noted the crucial part when Hardy said he was ‘told that I shouldn’t use the column as a platform for the Socialist Alliance.’ It was clear from reading the whole column, and using common sense to read between the lines, that Hardy had indeed been dumped by the Guardian for his left-wing views. Hardy’s first wife, Kit Hardy, confirmed this:
As his wife at the time, I can vouch that he was dropped for being too left wing. It wasn’t about jokes. He’d have been kept on without jokes if he’d been willing to write inconsequential nonsense. He wasn’t.
Guardian readers with a long memory may recall that comedian Mark Steel, a good friend of Jeremy Hardy, had earlier been ditched by the Guardian in 1999, after contributing a column for over two years, for his ‘unflinching’ support of ‘unfashionable left-wing causes’ such as striking Liverpool dockers. A more recent example of a progressive columnist being dumped by the Guardian is the 2014 defenestration of Nafeez Ahmed for overstepping the mark in his critical reporting of Israel.
Eventually, even the hugely-respected, award-winning journalist John Pilger, with an unparalleled record of reporting the truth ‘from the ground up’, became persona non grata at the Guardian. He said in a radio interview in January 2018:
My written journalism is no longer welcome in the Guardian which, three years ago, got rid of people like me in pretty much a purge of those who really were saying what the Guardian no longer says any more.
And yet, the Guardian continues to employ, for example, Luke Harding who abruptly left an interview by Aaron Maté on The Real News Network when he was challenged to provide convincing evidence of the ‘collusion’ referred to in the title of his book, ‘Collusion: Secret Meetings, Dirty Money, and How Russia Helped Donald Trump Win’. Harding was also behind the fake Guardian ‘exclusive’ last December that Paul Manafort, Donald Trump’s former campaign manager, had met Julian Assange three times in the Ecuadorian embassy in London. Harding and the paper’s editor Katharine Viner have shamefully remained silent in the face of robust questioning of their CIA-friendly propaganda story that appears to have no basis in reality.
US comedian Jimmy Dore, interviewed on RT’s Going Underground by Afshin Rattansi, who previously worked at the BBC, said scathingly:
‘Well, the Guardian has been doing fantastic work on this story. “Fantastic” meaning “fantastic fantasies” because the most surveilled building in the world has got to be that Ecuadorian embassy. And, somehow, the Guardian has a story that Manafort visited Julian Assange three times, and even knew what he was wearing, but there isn’t a picture of it.’
Dore concluded of the Guardian:
They’re pushing propaganda; they’re not doing journalism.
Dore also pointed to extremely well-paid, supposed ‘progressives’ in the US who have high-profile slots on US networks such as MSNBC:
You know how much MSNBC’s Chris Hayes or Rachel Maddow makes? They make $30,000 a day. That’s a lot of money and that buys your integrity.
He added, echoing his comments about the Guardian on Assange:
It’s just CIA talking points. In fact, they hire people from the CIA to be their “news analysts”. That’s the opposite of journalism, that’s propaganda.
On a recent MSNBC show, Maddow even speculated that, with parts of the US shivering in sub-zero conditions, the Russians or the Chinese might launch cyber attacks on vital pipelines and the power grid. This grotesque Red-scaremongering was justified as ‘the intelligence community’s assessment.’
She asked:
What would happen if Russia killed the power in Fargo today? What would you do if you lost heat indefinitely as the act of a foreign power on the same day the temperature in your backyard matched the temperature in Antarctica?
Dore rightly pointed out how this nonsense is but a part of the huge current wave of anti-Russian propaganda that is even worse than the anti-Red hysteria of the McCarthy era in 1950s US. Why worse?
Because it’s being pushed ubiquitously. The first Red Scare in the States came from the right. Well, the left is now pushing the Red Scare because they don’t want to admit that neoliberalism failed at the ballot box in 2016. 90 million people didn’t come out to vote in that election in 2016. And Hillary Clinton, the biggest, most well-funded political machine in the history of the United States lost the election to a political novice gameshow host who everyone referred to as a joke and a clown: Donald Trump.
Dore said of MSNBC management:
They wouldn’t even let their hosts cover Bernie Sanders [in the race to become 2016 Democratic Presidential candidate, losing to Hillary Clinton] because he was progressive. In fact, Ed Schultz got fired for covering Bernie Sanders.
He continued:
That tells you that all the people on air at MSNBC go along with war propaganda when told to, and don’t cover progressive politicians when ordered [not] to. Every one of those hosts goes along with the edict from the top of the corporation Comcast [owners of MSNBC] to tell them what they can talk about, and how they can talk about what they can talk about. They’re all puppets and they’re bought.
In a similar way, although with much lower salaries, the silence of Guardian commentators on numerous issues has also, in essence, been ‘bought.’ Not a single one, as far as we can tell, has called out the Guardian’s fake Manafort-Assange story. Not a single one has castigated the Guardian over its long-running cynical vendetta against Assange and WikiLeaks. Not a single one has exposed the Guardian’s editorial line that upholds the myth that Western foreign policy is largely determined by concerns over universal human rights, democracy and development. Not a single one has made any significant criticism of the Guardian‘s actual role in setting the limits of acceptable ‘news’ and commentary at the ‘liberal’ end of the media ‘spectrum’.
Complicit In Western Imperialism And Rampant Capitalism
To do proper journalism on vital topics – not least UK war crimes – seemingly requires that one leaves the Guardian to do so. Thus, Ian Cobain, formerly a senior Guardian reporter, recently published a shocking exclusive on the Middle East Online (MEE) website that the British army permitted shooting of civilians in Iraq and Afghanistan:
Soldiers who served in Basra in 2007 say they were told they could shoot anyone holding a phone or a shovel, or acting in any way suspiciously.
The British army operated rules of engagement in Iraq and Afghanistan that at times allowed soldiers to shoot unarmed civilians who were suspected of keeping them under surveillance, a Middle East Eye investigation has established.
The casualties included a number of children and teenage boys, according to several former soldiers interviewed by MEE.
Cobain continued:
a former Royal Marine says that one of his officers confessed to his men that he had been responsible for the fatal shooting of an Afghan boy, aged around eight, after the child’s father carried his body to the entrance of their forward operating base and demanded an explanation.
Why has this not made front-page news in the Guardian or elsewhere in the British press, as far as we are aware? Likewise, needless to say, you’d be hard-pushed to find honest and disturbing accounts of UK war crimes making the headlines on BBC News at Ten.
Last November, Cobain reported that UK spy agencies knew that an important source of false Iraq war intelligence, a Libyan militant called Ibn al-Sheikh al-Libi, had been tortured. Cobain observed that UK government ministers ‘relied upon his answers to help justify the 2003 invasion of Iraq.’ Again, Cobain’s piece appeared on the MEE website.
As Jonathan Cook said:
Interesting that the award-winning author of this article, Ian Cobain, used to work at the Guardian. Why is that writers like this, who are so effective at digging up the dirt on western intelligence agencies, no longer seem to find a home at the Guardian?
Meanwhile, as historian Mark Curtis pointed out, the Guardian continues its love affair with Tony Blair, the former Prime Minister who led this country into war on a false premise, leading to the deaths of around one million Iraqis:
The man who oversaw this criminality and public deception campaign has another article in the Guardian today – Blair is loved by the Guardian, the Anglo-American power elite’s main liberal asset in the UK.
That this keeps happening, and that the British public is routinely soaked in pro-war propaganda, exposes the untruth that there is genuine media oversight and regulation in the UK. Ofcom claims that:
We keep an eye on the UK’s telecoms, television, radio and postal industries to make sure they’re doing the best for all of us.
Really? ‘For all of us’? How does this square with the incessant media propaganda pumped out about Venezuela, currently threatened by Western power?
As John McEvoy noted for The Canary in a devastating, in-depth account of the Guardian:
It has a long record of smearing the Venezuelan government, supporting opposition power grabs, and presenting Western intervention as a noble solution. In doing so, it is complicit in offering moral authority to the current coup attempt in Venezuela, and therefore complicit in Western imperialism.
On 1 February, the Guardian published its first ever news piece written by a ‘bot’. A cynic, or perhaps a realist, might suggest that all Guardian news pieces on WikiLeaks, Venezuela and much else besides, might as well be written by ‘bots’. Depending on the source material fed to the bots, of course, they may well be more accurate and less propaganda-filled than the efforts spewed out by obedient, careerist, power-serving humans.
Journalist Matt Kennard, formerly a Financial Times reporter, has warned of:
how corporate media works to drain young journalists of idealism and infects them with an ideology they can’t even see (that’s the beauty of it).
In the afterword to his 2016 book, The Racket: A Rogue Reporter vs. the Masters of the Universe, he expanded his thoughts. First, he defined ‘the racket’:
An amalgamation of different players, including transnational corporations, banks, hedge and mutual funds, and insurance companies; in effect, the many different concentrations of private wealth we have in our society. We often don’t know the names of the people who run these institutions, but they hold the real power in our world, and are backed by the U.S. government, and as a last resort the U.S. military. But the racket is nothing without the media.
This echoes our arguments, rooted in the pioneering work of Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky in Manufacturing Consent (Vintage, 1988) that, in the current era of extreme climate instability:
The corporate media, including the liberal media wing, is a vital cog of the rampant global capitalism that threatens our very existence. (Propaganda Blitz, Pluto Books, 2018, p. 213.)
What happens to graduates who enter these corporate media outlets? Kennard warned:
As I saw young journalists coming up in the industry I noticed opinions changing or moderating as they became acclimatized to the institutions…slowly, you stop expressing opinions that are different from everyone else’s, shed any previously held idealism. If you do carry on thinking as before, you quickly become a “maverick” or, even worse, “immature” and “childish.” It’s hard to go into work every day for a whole career under this kind of groupthink pressure and stay sane.
After Kennard left the Financial Times, he tried contributing to the Guardian. He soon discovered that ‘progressive’ outlets like the Guardian and the New York Times:
‘are vital to maintaining the facade of a free and fair media. They give the impression of fighting against the racket when in fact they support it in the fundamentals.’
The Guardian is:
among the most biased and self-righteous institutions around…full of private-school-educated Oxbridge graduates who see themselves as crusading liberals fighting against corporate and state power. But if you step a bit to the left of them, you will know about it. They guard their left flank religiously, instructing the world that anyone operating there is beyond the pale.
Is it any wonder that over the past two decades, the ‘liberal’ Guardian has shed reporters and columnists deemed to have been operating ‘beyond the pale’? Is it any wonder that it has exploited ‘fake news’ about an ‘antisemitism crisis’ under Jeremy Corbyn‘s Labour? For anyone who cares about journalism that truly challenges the elite consensus, it is long past time to dump the Guardian, break the corporate media monopoly and support real progressive journalism instead.
Media Lens is a UK-based media watchdog group headed by David Edwards and David Cromwell. The second Media Lens book, Newspeak: In the 21st Century by David Edwards and David Cromwell, was published in 2009 by Pluto Press. Read other articles by Media Lens, or visit Media Lens's website.
This article was posted on Thursday, February 14th, 2019 at 8:52am and is filed under UK Media, United Kingdom.
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Goldman Sachs, Greek Debt and Greed
I’m currently reading Flash Boys by Michael Lewis, a detailed and at times, inconceivable, account of the way High Frequency Traders manipulate stock markets to make substantial gains, when I came across a throwaway line about the bank, Goldman Sachs, and the Greek Debt crisis.
Now, forgive me if you have already read about this, but I hadn’t come across the story until now and I’m sure I’m not the only one who was unaware of it.
The story begins in 2001 with Greece desperately trying to live up to its Maastricht Treaty euro-zone commitments to demonstrate an improvement in its public finances when in fact they were getting worse, not better.
They turned to US bank Goldman Sachs for help and found it in the shape of one Lloyd Blankfein, who has now risen to the lofty heights of CEO, who proposed a secret loan of €2.8 billion for Greece, disguised as an off-the-books “cross-currency swap”—a complicated transaction in which Greece’s foreign-currency debt was converted into a domestic-currency obligation using a fictitious market exchange rate.
This arrangement magically shaved 2% off Greece’s debt and Blankfein and his team collected a fee of €600 million which accounted for 12% of Goldman’s total earnings from trading and investments in 2001 in just one deal – no wonder he’s now the CEO.
Unfortunately the magic soon wore off and the deal turned sour – what had started out as a €2.8 billion ‘hidden loan’ had become, by 2005, a very visible, almost double the amount, debt of €5.1 billion when it was restructured by Goldman’s then international division managing director, Mario Draghi.
Does the name sound familiar? Yes, the very same Mario Draghi who is now head of the European Central Bank and a key figure in the current Greek bail-out.
Of course, Goldman’s aren’t the only ones to have benefited from Greece’s misfortune, a recent report from the private, non-profit Leibniz Institute of Economic Research says that over the last 5 years Germany has profited by €100 billion, equivalent to 3% of its GDP, as investors have fled from Greece into the welcoming arms of Germany.
“These savings exceed the costs of the crisis – even if Greece were to default on its entire debt,” the study said.
So, if Greece had refused Goldman’s helpful but over-complicated and ultimately very costly, interest rate swap deal in the first place and ‘fessed up to their public sector failings way back in 2001 perhaps they wouldn’t have been in the mess that they are in today with, what is by all accounts, an unsustainable bail out deal adding another €85 billion to their already crippling debts.
And the greed?
Well the dictionary definition of greed is: the inordinate desire to possess wealth, goods, or objects of abstract value with the intention to keep it for one’s self, far beyond the dictates of basic survival and comfort.
With Goldman Sachs and the German nation getting ever richer at the expense of the Greek people it is clear who, amongst others, are the perpetrators of greed and who is the victim
Leave a Comment » | Corporate Governance | Tagged: Bankers, Corporate Governance, Eurozone, Germany, Greece, Recession | Permalink
Posted by David Doughty
Kids Company, Corporate Governance and Conflicts of Interest
Alan Yentob, Chairman of failed charity Kids Company, cut a pathetic figure on prime-time television last week, scuttling into a coffee shop to avoid having to answer questions from the press – exactly what not to do as the Chairman of a board of trustees.
The role of Chairman is often misunderstood, particularly by those occupying the position but it is during a crisis that they should really come to the fore, becoming the public face of the organisation and taking the heat off the Chief Executive, to allow them to focus on running the business.
It is not as if the charity’s problems have come as a surprise to the trustees – an audit commissioned by the Cabinet Office last year said that cashflow problems were a “key financial risk” which meant that “it is not possible to build reserves and invest in new activities and locations”.
Other clear warnings of looming insolvency included an inability to make PAYE payments to HMRC on a number of occasions and most recently non-payment of staff wages.
So what should the trustees have done?
As soon as problems arose in terms of not being able to pay staff, suppliers or to meet tax liabilities, the board should have called in an insolvency practitioner to check that they were being reasonable in continuing to operate the charity. They should have instigated a full investigation into the charity’s finances and should have reviewed and modified, where necessary, the financial controls, policies and procedures.
Only if they were then satisfied that the charity was a ‘going concern’ should the trustees have allowed the charity to continue to operate.
Instead, they have relied upon the continuing support of leading politicians to provide government funding for an organisation that has clearly been unsustainable for a number of years.
Which brings us back to the Chairman, Alan Yentob, who is also Creative Director of the BBC. Rather than spending time working with the board and the Chief Executive to prepare a clear statement for the media as to what was going on, he apparently tried to suppress the BBC’s news-coverage and influence its treatment of Kids Company Chief Executive Camila Batmanghelidjh in a Radio 4 interview – a clear conflict of interest.
1 Comment | Corporate Governance | Tagged: Board of directors, Boardroom, Chairman, Charity, Corporate Governance, Kids Company, Non-Executive Director, Trustees | Permalink
Why did George Osborne sack FCA CEO Martin Wheatley?
Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) CEO Martin Wheatley was sacked by George Osborne despite, in Osborne’s own words, having “done a brilliant job of launching the FCA in tough circumstances”.
So the question is – was he sacked because he wasn’t being tough enough with Bankers and others in the City or because he was being too tough?
The FCA, now run by interim CEO Tracey McDermott, who was known as a ‘Rottweiler’ in her previous role as director of Supervision, warned that some firms have still not done enough to prevent financial benchmarks, such as Libor, being manipulated.
The City regulator said that the consistency of implementation and speed at which improvements had taken place was “disappointing”.
“The application of the lessons learned from the Libor, Forex and Gold cases to other benchmarks had been uneven across the industry and often lacked the urgency required given the severity of recent failings,” it added.
So there is still a job to do in bringing Banks and traders to heel.
Martin Wheatley is clearly unhappy with George Osborne’s decision to not renew his contract as FCA CEO despite levying billions of pounds in fines and making top-level attempts to reform the culture of trading floors.
“I am disappointed to be moving on and I do so with a sense of unfinished business,” Mr Wheatley said in his first public comments since his sacking.
He made clear that the culture of investment banking remained largely unreformed despite several years of scandals. “The top of organisations have understood the environment . . . but I still think it is quite hard to deliver. It’s tough and it takes time,” he said.
“As we saw with FX [the foreign exchange-rigging scandal], there are some parts, the wholesale parts of financial services, where it is actually not yet seen as relevant. There’s still a view that: ‘Well, that’s a caveat emptor market’ and big financial players trading with one another. That’s the area that has much further to go.”
Mr Wheatley left little doubt that if he had remained in charge of the FCA the banking industry would have faced no respite in his tough approach to regulation. He had considered banning some firms from trading as an alternative to fines, he said. “The use of trading bans, or, in our terms, ‘variations of permission’, is something we actively look at each time we feel that we’ve got to take an action. Those variations of permission can be removing somebody from part of the market, or a significant part of the market, for a period of time,” he said.
A study by the regulator said that six unnamed banks remained ignorant of the fact that their trading data could be used to influence key financial benchmarks, while one had still not put in place any kind of oversight of its submissions process.
The findings come even though global regulators have made the reform of benchmarks a priority over the past three years, highlighting what the FCA said was a cultural resistance in the industry to making painful changes.
It will be interesting to see who is appointed to take Wheatley’s place as it will answer the question of whether Osborne is going to get tougher with the Banks or if he is going to appoint someone who will ease off the pressure and cut them some slack.
Last year Bank of England governor Mark Carney said that top (Bank) executives had “got away without sanction”.
“Maybe they were not at the best tables in society after that, but they’re still at the best golf courses. That has to change,” he said.
To many, especially those who have suffered financially since the recession, which is most of us, Bankers are still getting away with it and the FCA should carry on the work that Martin Wheatley started – to others, and that might include Osborne, our current financial recovery is almost entirely reliant on the financial sector and we should not be killing the Golden Goose by continuing to bash them with billion pound fines.
Leave a Comment » | Corporate Governance | Tagged: banking, Corporate Governance, regulation | Permalink
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Dr. Brian O'Leary
Home > Uncategorized > Climate Change and Development of Rural Areas of Ecuador
Climate Change and Development of Rural Areas of Ecuador
May 29, 2011 drbrianoleary
[Brian O’Leary, Ph.D., www.brianoleary.info, summary of presentation to the National Congress of Parishes on the Environment, June 23 and 24, 2011]
It is my honor to have the opportunity to share some thoughts about the deteriorating state of the Earth and how important it will be for us to come together in unity and find ways to create a truly sustainable future for generations to come. With its incredible beauty and diversity, my adopted country of Ecuador could lead the way in innovation to replace the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation—acknowledged to be the major contributors to global climate change—with radically new and clean energy sources, thus giving us a chance to start reversing climate change and global warming everywhere. The new Ecuadorian Constitution provides for the rights of nature and a plurinational state that respects our centuries-old tradition of buen vivir. Ecuador joins Bolivia in the desire to ensure that Mother Earth has a voice in our international deliberations. This sets a very different tone from virtually all other nations’ views in the climate talks, which have basically gone nowhere. The problem of climate change affects all life on the planet and can only get worse if we don’t take action.
When I was asked to speak about climate change in rural areas, it first occurred to me that this enormous, unsolved problem is truly international in scope with implications for all of us, especially in the poorer countries like Ecuador whose people depend on reliable supplies of food and water, which in turn depend on a stable climate. The Earth’s atmosphere is now loaded with greenhouse gases that do not respect international boundaries. Climate change is a global problem that is caused principally by emissions from the industrial First World nations. Ecuador will need to join Bolivia and other nations to hold those causing the problem accountable in reversing the climate change before it gets too late; in any case, the problem will get worse before it gets better even if we were to drastically decrease our emissions immediately, something the whole world will need to do if we are to sensibly survive these times.
Because of its progressive thinking and its unusually pristine environment well worth preserving, Ecuador is also in a unique position to research and develop clean breakthrough energy sources that could replace highly polluting and dangerous fossil fuels and nuclear power. When most people think about a clean energy alternative to coal, oil, and nuclear power, they think of solar power, wind power, hydropower, and biofuels. Although any one of these sources of power is far superior to coal, oil, or nuclear power in its effect on the environment, each of them involves substantial hidden costs in terms of materials, land use, and their associated grid systems. If these alternatives were our only options to replace coal, oil, and nuclear power, it would only make sense to put our best minds to work on developing them and implementing them in a way that would have the greatest chance of being sustainable over time. What most people are unaware of, however, is that there is a growing technology of alternative power that is far cleaner and more efficient than solar, wind, hydropower, and biofuels, and which does not come with such an overwhelming burden of hidden costs due to materials, land use, and the grid systems required for delivery. I am referring here to what has come to be called “free energy,” due to the fact that its efficiency is orders of magnitude greater than the efficiency of solar, wind, hydropower, or biofuels.
This remarkable technology, although not widely known by the general public, is based on many years of solid research since the time of Nikola Tesla and depends on the huge energy potential of the vacuum, cold fusion systems, and innovative hydrogen and water chemistries. The reason this technology is not widely known is that it has been suppressed for decades by powerful interests whose profits are based on our continued reliance on oil, coal, and nuclear power. I have made it my priority to research free energy for several decades, and I can vouch for the fact that there are scores of scientists who have developed promising prototypes in this field, any one of which would far transcend the efficiency not only of oil, coal, and nuclear power, but also of solar, wind, and hydropower. I have documented these prototypes in my book The Energy Solution Revolution, but you can also search on the Internet for “free energy devices” and you will find a great deal of information about them that is not reported by the mainstream media.
Perhaps because the world has reached such a crisis due to our reliance on fossil fuels, the vested interests who profit from dirty energy are not now able to suppress free energy as effectively as they have in the past. Over the coming year, therefore, many free energy systems are likely to begin to become available worldwide. In Ecuador, we are uniquely positioned to take advantage of this opportunity by supporting the development of this new technology. If we can convince our government and industry of the tremendous potential of this technology, we could create protected innovation sanctuaries to research, develop, and implement an energy system that would not only ensure that our future would be more sustainable, it would also mean that Ecuador would become economically more sovereign as we are gradually able to abandon our reliance on oil, other mineral exports, and on foreign banks. Ecuador could be a leader in introducing truly clean energy, and could thereby become a shining example to the rest of the world.
But free energy in and of itself cannot be relied upon as the sole “technological fix” for our environmental problems whether it be applied in Ecuador or anywhere else. This and many other potential nature-friendly innovations will need to be implemented by an overarching conscious governance system that understands the basic principles of natural law and Earth jurisprudence as applied to creating harmony with all of nature in terms of water, energy, money, agriculture, forestry, waste management, and the overall preservation, restoration and sustenance of the biosphere.
It is necessary for all of us to become educated about what’s possible and to develop strong public support for these initiatives, which must come from you all as representatives of the people of Ecuador. We must begin programs of innovation for the benefit of the people, rather than for the benefit of the few within multinational corporations that exploit our resources and create huge environmental problems. We need to convince the top levels of the Ecuadorian government that it’s in their best long-term interest to abandon these destructive petroleum and mineral extraction projects and convert them to sustainable ones, even though short-term revenues depend upon the exploitation and export of oil, minerals and large agricultural products. These measures surely don’t help us in the rural areas nor do they provide any lasting solution to our prospects for converting our energy, water, waste, forestry and agricultural systems to ones that are truly sustainable. If anything, the extra money from these exports further destroys the environment as we continue to build new roads that lead to deforestation, the displacement of villages, more traffic, more air and water pollution, more noise, more factories, more oil drilling, more logging, more mining and more agricultural monocultures. These measures can only harm the sanctity of our peaceful and beautiful countryside and the buen vivir that we value so much.
The problem is even worse than it first appears. The deforestation rate in Ecuador of 3 % per year is South America’s highest and will result in losing half our trees in just 24 years, mainly due to building roads into the pristine rainforests of Yasuni National Park and surroundings. Fully 80 % of the Oriente is being leased or is about to be leased to multinational oil companies for the drilling and export of oil (see map, attached). This is the most biodiverse region on Earth, inhabited by voluntarily isolated indigenous peoples, and the fact that it is earmarked for oil drilling will surely ruin their habitat. The Chevron-Texaco oil spill in the Ecuadorian Amazon that killed or caused cancer among thousands of residents is an indication of what might come if we don’t oppose extensive oil drilling in Ecuador. Furthermore, the resulting deforestation, refinement and end use of the oil combine to contribute significantly to global climate change.
The government’s Yasuni Initiative invites the international community to match funds with Ecuador in terms of potential lost revenues to keep the oil in the ground in the pristine ITT oil block. This is an admirable start to preserve the precious ecosystems and habitats of Ecuador, but it’s only a start. The ITT block is only one of thirty planned oil blocks in the Oriente, and none of the other 29 has any of the protections that are envisioned for the ITT block (see attached map of Ecuador with the oil blocks). Clearly, we need a radical solution to our energy needs if we are to have any hope of saving our pristine environment and protecting our indigenous people.
Mining, hydroelectric and pipeline construction are also on the increase, and create even further problems for the rural areas of Ecuador. A primary example of this environmental insensitivity is the forthcoming construction of the massive Chinese-built Coca-Codo Sinclair Hydroelectric dam which will obliterate San Rafael Falls, the tallest waterfall in Ecuador. We here in the Vilcabamba-Podocarpus area are gravely concerned about the intrusion of mining projects, which can only destroy rather than preserve our precious environment. We must oppose these practices and move to innovation for our answers.
About two years ago I proposed that we look toward clean technologies for our answers, technologies such as free energy, cleaning the mines and the oil facilities, re-converting to local sustainable agricultural, water and waste management systems, reforesting the countryside, encouraging eco-tourism and health tourism, increasing information technology research and placing a moratorium on all unsustainable practices. I believe that this “Ecuador Initiative” (attached) could lead to Ecuador’s becoming both sustainable and sovereign in the long run. But the interests of large corporations and governments seeking short-term revenues from the export of nonrenewable resources have so far prevented us from moving forward with these initiatives. I hope that, with your support, we can create a sustainable development program in the countryside that would begin the process of preserving, restoring and sustaining our precious environment, consistent with the new Constitution of Ecuador. May our voices be heard so that we may replace our unsustainable practices with an awareness of what’s possible. We all can come together to innovate our energy, food, water and other systems to new ones that are truly sustainable. Our lives will depend on that.
We can together create new initiatives to protect the environment. Just like the action of preserving the Mindo cloudforest and bird sanctuary from mining interests, we can together preserve Vilcabamba, Podocarpus and other rural regions as national heritage sites. We can together stop the mining, dirty energy production, unsightly grid systems, cell phone towers, big highway and waterway building, overdevelopment, and other heavy infrastructure that litters the rural landscape. We all appreciate the improvements to existing roads between population centers, but we need to be aware that the mindless expansion of infrastructure to exploit natural resources can wreak havoc on the environment and the quality of life for all citizens of Ecuador. We can replace the blight of unsightly development with truly sustainable energy, water, food and waste systems. Many people in North America have come to realize that the price of industrial dominance has been the loss of the beauty of the environment and the true quality of life, a quality that is still present in abundance in Ecuador. The people of Ecuador can still experience and share the buen vivir that only nature can offer in abundance.
I propose that we place a moratorium on any suspicious industrial activity including at least the following: new superhighways in special places like Vilcabamba, deforestation, pesticides and fertilizers in crops, large agricultural monocultures, overgrazing, GMO food, deforestation, oil drilling, mining, large hydroelectric projects, fluoride in salt or water, chlorine in water, unsustainable sewage, waste and water treatment, and excessive noise, water, air and land pollution. I also propose that a committee of parishes be formed to consider adopting sustainable new systems to replace the old, polluting systems—new systems that work with nature instead of against nature. Let’s put people to work to restore and sustain our precious ecosystems. Let’s get on the job now, as time is running out.
Many of us here in Ecuador have left North America to seek a more sustainable lifestyle and community. We came here because we’ve seen a dramatic decline in the qualities of our lives and our environment up North. Many of us feel we are in the midst of an Earth emergency and we all need to become more aware of and take action on preserving our precious environment while we still can. Unfortunately, we are beginning to see the same problems of over-industrialization arise here in Ecuador. Please let’s not do that; let’s make buen vivir our highest priority to act upon now. Let’s put people to work to restore and sustain our precious ecosystems. Let’s get on the job now, as time is short.
Water: Our Life Blood The Ecuador Initiative:
Water: Our Life Blood
The Ecuador Initiative:
Memo to a More Conscious American Leadership from a Fellow Achiever Who Is Gravely Concerned About Our Future
Systemic Change, New Technology and Conscious Governance: Where Do We Begin?
Brian O'Leary.com
Meredith Miller Art
Montesuenos Blog
Montesuenos official site
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1978 PG 2h 15m DVD
The magical world of J.R.R. Tolkien's &NFi;Lord of the Rings&NFi_; trilogy comes to life in this animated tale. Frodo possesses the all-powerful ring sought by the evil Sauron of Mordor. Frodo must bear the awful burden of the ring to a place where it may be destroyed, thus ensuring the safety of Middle Earth. Helped by the mighty wizard Gandalf, his fellow hobbits, elves, dwarfs and other Middle Earth creatures, Frodo embarks on his dangerous adventure.
Christopher Guard, William Squire, Michael Scholes, John Hurt, Simon Chandler, Dominic Guard, Norman Bird
Children & Family, Family Animation, Family Sci-Fi & Fantasy, Family Classics
Dark, Imaginative
PG - Some material may not be suitable for children. Parents urged to give parental guidance. May contain some material parents might not like for their young children.
Common Sense rating OK for kids 9+
Parents need to know that this 1978 animated adaptation of The Lord of the Rings was cutting-edge at the time with its incorporation of live-action elements, but this hybrid style heightens some of the action sequences and makes the battle scenes frightening for under-8 audiences. Although there is a pub scene in which the Hobbits and others are drinking and smoking pipes, the potentially objectionable content is the violence that is prevalent throughout Frodo's journey to get rid of the Ring. The Ringwraiths, Orcs, Nazguls, and other creatures are far scarier than the villains in most animated films. On the other hand, J.R.R. Tolkien's tale emphasizes the importance of teamwork and friendship, and that is still a major theme of the movie.
Many of the Fellowship's skirmishes with the Ringwraiths, Orcs, and the rest of Sauron's Army are likely to frighten younger audiences. In Moria, the remains of the long-dead dwarves are shown (they're bones). Orcs are freaky looking, and the battle results in deaths. The combination of live-action and animation makes certain scenes seem all the more realistic, creating a creepier, scarier mood through the darker parts of the film.
This is a story of how even the smallest among us can make the biggest differences. It's a universal hero's journey where the hero, like always, can only triumph over his obstacles with the help of many allies, in this case elves, men, dwarves, etc. Cooperation, teamwork, good vs. evil -- it's all there.
The Hobbits stop at a pub where they and other characters drink what's presumably alcohol and some smoke pipes.
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The Case For Community: Why It’s A Thrilling Time To Be A Female Artist
Photo by Karli Cadel for The Glimmerglass Festival
By E. Loren Meeker | July 2019
nother warm summer day of Show Boat rehearsal at The Glimmerglass Festival in New York is over. As I sit gazing at the sparkling waters of the lake that gave this company its name, I am struck by the explosive trajectory my career has taken thanks to this company’s Artistic Director, my mentor Francesca Zambello.
While my accomplishments are of course the result of my talent and my work ethic, I would not have had my earliest opportunities to direct around the world without Francesca’s faith in me. My success is directly attributable to the importance of female mentorship and community in the arts. At a pivotal time in my career, she invited me to join the global community of artists making opera worldwide.
Photo courtesy of Seattle Opera
Working hard has paid off and I now find myself enjoying a busy international career. This has sometimes meant squeezing in family vacations to Machu Picchu and Paris between back to back shows in South America, Europe and the United States. As I explore the opera community around the world, I notice that there are more and more women pursuing careers in this great, collaborative art form.
People think of opera as being male-centric and yes, until recently, opera was written, composed, conducted and directed by men. Yet opera is full of amazing female characters with exciting and relevant stories. I think that women, both onstage and off, want to see stories told with a modern, feminine perspective–or at the very least, with a balanced perspective. Women are now actively telling these great operatic stories in communities across the globe.
Photo by Ken Howard for the Los Angeles Opera
Photos by Karli Cadel for The Glimmerglass Festival
After all of my travels, I have a new opera home as co-artistic advisor of Opera San Antonio. I am excited to build a new community in San Antonio and to introduce my collaborators from all over the world to this thriving, creative city.
This season Opera San Antonio will open with a production of Puccini’s Tosca, which I will direct. Tosca is a sweeping, gorgeous, romantic opera with a fascinating female lead. Tosca is a celebrated, sophisticated opera singer in Italy. She is at the height of her fame and deeply in love with the painter Cavaradossi. They are a perfect pair of passionate artists, but they are living in a dangerous political moment. Tosca is a woman alone among male revolutionaries and the officers of a totalitarian, corrupt police state. She is forced to make a life or death decision to protect herself and her love.
Technical rehearsals for The Barber of Seville at Opera San Antonio. Photo courtesy of E. Loren Meeker.
This is exciting stuff. This opera is a timeless classic. Female roles like this in classic operas are truly still relevant. So why is it important that women’s voices are included in telling the story of Tosca? Tosca is often portrayed as being motivated only by her emotions (love and fear) and having no thoughts or political convictions of her own. This reduces Tosca to a trope and diminishes the complexity and agency of a woman who is relatable and whose story is still resonant.
It is a gift to be in a position as both stage director and artistic advisor at Opera San Antonio, as this allows me to include more women in the arts, tell these important human stories to the audiences of today, and become a mentor to the generation of tomorrow. I can’t wait to explore Tosca’s story with wonderful female collaborators: Ellen Jackson, a brilliant, young stage director will be the assistant director on Tosca. We also have a growing community of women who make Opera San Antonio successful behind the scenes, including the industrious Veronica Lopez and Mercy Polinati in our office, chorus master Dottie Randall, Madeline Elizondo in Education and Outreach, Stefanie Williams our hair and make-up designer, Megan Bennett our stage manager, and Mandi Wood our assistant lighting designer.
Just today in rehearsal, my mentor Francesca Zambello said, “great art is a bridge”. We craft stories that explore intrinsic, human truths and share those stories with our audiences. As women, when we build community, mentor the next generation and tell our stories, we build a better future for everyone. It’s a thrilling time to be a female artist.
E. Loren Meeker
E. Loren Meeker is a stage director whose work has been seen at leading companies across the United States, South America, Asia, and Europe. A diverse artist whose background in dance and theatre allows her to bring a unique vision to her work. Her most recent credits include Show Boat (The Glimmerglass Festival), The Cunning Little Vixen (The Glimmerglass Festival, Boston University Opera Institute), Lohengrin (Opera Southwest), Susannah (Rice University), Les pêcheurs de perles (Houston Grand Opera), Turandot (New Orleans Opera) and Rigoletto (Lyric Opera of Chicago). Loren has been the recipient of numerous awards for her work. Two of Loren’s productions for the New Orleans Opera Association have won the Gambit “Best of Opera” award – Faust (2017) and Die Fledermaus (2015). Amongst Loren’s many exciting upcoming opportunities are directing Tosca at Opera San Antonio where she is also co artistic advisor. Connect with Loren on Facebook and on Instagram @elorenmeeker. Headshot by Dirty Sugar Photography.
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Antony Gormley’s Public Art: Angels and Demons
From the Angel of the North to a new exhibition at Cambridge’s Kettle’s Yard, Antony Gormley has undeniably paved the way for a new wave of public art. Jonathan McAloon talks to the artist and Michael Morris, a director of Artangel, as he asks just what impact public art has had on the Britain that we know today.
Installation view of Antony Gormley, Subject, Kettle’s Yard
“I think all of you came in this morning and thought, ‘Where’s the show? Not much here…’” In the foyer of Kettle’s Yard in Cambridge, Antony Gormley is explaining the set up of his new exhibition, Subject. There is only a handful of his sculptures, and we are directed to interact with lines that intersect the gallery, as if they might be sculptures themselves rather than structural elements of the building’s architecture. “The point is that you are the show,” he says.
The profile of public art in Britain has grown in recent decades, with regular commissions such as the Fourth Plinth in Trafalgar Square, and the presence of long-running organizations like Artangel. If the outside world has become a gallery over the past few decades, perhaps galleries themselves can be seen as merely another part of a cultural landscape that many have become accustomed to—one in which the line between public and private is blurred.
The eponymous piece in Gormley’s show—a humanoid form constructed of steel rods—looks out of a gallery window onto the street, becoming a public sculpture even as it remains inside. The town of Cambridge itself has multiple Gormleys. The ten-tonne cast iron totem Free Object (2005), on loan to Trinity College, intrudes on a nostalgic dreamscape of punts and the hazy River Cam, with students and geese sharing its lawn-space. It casts a strange modernist shadow over this unchanging halcyon scene, which can be seen to actively resist change through the sheer weight of its illustrious history. A gallery, says Gormley, is a “space devoted to art”. But so, it would seem, is a street, hillside or horizon.
Antony Gormley, FREE OBJECT (Trinity College, Cambridge), 2017
“If the outside world has become a gallery over the past few decades, perhaps galleries themselves can be seen as merely another part of a cultural landscape that many have become accustomed to”
In the sixties and seventies, British Land Art made by the likes of Richard Long, Andy Goldsworthy and David Nash involved manipulating trees in Welsh forests, walking heavy lines through fields and embedding discreet, ephemeral works in the natural world around us. This was public art in the sense that the public could encounter it outdoors. However, their remote locations in secluded spots meant that you tended to see it only if you sought it out, and could miss it if you didn’t. You might as well be making a pilgrimage to a gallery.
The turning point came around 1993. In the same year as Gormley became represented by a British gallery, Artangel—an organization that had been quietly shaping the artistic landscape from behind the scenes for a few years—enabled Rachel Whiteread’s controversial Turner Prize-winning sculpture House to generate national debate that truly justified that term “public art”. The years following also saw Tony Blair’s New Labour government throwing money at public art, and establishing the Fourth Plinth, where the public are themselves solicited for thoughts on what art should be erected in Trafalgar Square. Those were the years of Gateshead Council’s literally monumental decision to commission Gormley’s Angel of the North.
Ryoji Ikeda, spectra, 2014
Michael Morris, one of the directors of Artangel since the year Whiteread’s sculpture went up in 1993, tells me over the phone about how, in the past thirty years or so, “there’s been a change in public understanding and acceptance and valuing of work. Gormley’s pieces were controversial to begin with and now they’re national treasures. Whiteread’s House casts a very long shadow. It’s twenty-something years since it was destroyed and it still feels quite radical.”
“There’s more of a sophisticated understanding of the lasting value of sculpture outside of a museum”
While one of Tracey Emin’s handwritten neons now adorns St Pancras Station (unveiled this April), currently occupying the Fourth Plinth is American-Iraqi artist Michael Rakowitz’s The Invisible Enemy Should Not Exist, which is a tin can recreation of a 2700-year-old sculpture of an Assyrian deity destroyed by Isis in the Iraqi city of Nineveh. The discourse around public art, it would seem, has come full circle: engaging, popular and newsworthy public art can now be made about the public art and monuments of past civilizations.
Roger Hiorns, Seizure, 2008
“Visual culture doesn’t inspire as much fear in people of this country as it once did,” Morris tells me. “There’s no longer a sense of shock or confusion. There’s more of a sophisticated understanding of the lasting value of sculpture outside of a museum.” Morris names Roger Hiorns’s now-iconic Seizure (2008)—a UV lit, crystal-covered interior of a council flat—as an Artangel-funded work that has demonstrated the shift in perception. “Its first iteration in Southwark made people think again about what public sculpture could be. It was extraordinary to us that it was relocated to Yorkshire Sculpture Park. Though of course it’s part of the landscape, it’s still a traditional place where we go and see sculpture.” Recently, Ryoji Ikeda’s Spectra—in which forty-nine beams created a column of light piercing the sky from Victoria Tower Gardens near the Houses of Parliament—showed the public who flocked to it that public sculpture didn’t have to be seen on a plinth, and could be made of any material.
Antony Gormley, Angel of the North, 1998
“Nowadays public art, often inspired by or derivative of Gormley, is so ubiquitous you find yourself wishing that you could walk along a coastline without a sculpture”
“The fact is,” Gormley agrees, “there is now a more common engagement with art. It exists within the national consciousness.” I wholeheartedly agree. Growing up in Newcastle, I remember when the Angel of the North was completed, when I was aged around nine or ten. There are pictures of me in family albums posing at the foot of the sculpture when it was under construction, a single wing attached. Now, having moved south, if I come back to visit by road, the Angel appearing as I come up the A1 will tell me that I am home. It is fair to say that the Angel was my first conscious experience of public art, and also that it has influenced the way I see my homeland from the outside, as I re-enter that space. The same is true for many of my generation. Indeed, it was announced in 2015 that the Angel would be included in the pages of the new British passports.
But anything that lodges itself in the public consciousness can also become a cliché. Nowadays public art, often inspired by or derivative of Gormley, is so ubiquitous you find yourself wishing that you could walk along a coastline without a sculpture. Near to where I grew up, Sean Henry’s Couple (2008) faces out to sea from a scaffold on Newbiggin Bay; his two figures have the plasticine unsightliness of a 3D Beryl Cook realization. Damien Hirst’s 2012 statue of a skinless pregnant woman with a sword, Verity, on the Devon coast, was unfortunate enough to annoy half the Ilfracombe population and alienate the already art-loving British as well. When I suggest to Gormley that these works are no doubt influenced by his more thoughtful works he says, “I’m not sure I’m very proud of that.”
Antony Gormley, ANOTHER PLACE, 1997
In 2017, almost twenty years after their introduction to the Crosby coastline in Merseyside, a handful of the hundred figures comprising Gormley’s Another Place were either defaced or decorated with spray paint bikinis and t-shirts, depending on which way you look at them. Members of the public were outraged, and Gormley requested the council remove the graffiti. Another Place, Gormley tells me, has consistently meant something to those who “have found some solace to do with either losing their own life thread, or losing a loved one”. Dealing with grief, for them, melded with how “the pieces appear and disappear towards the horizon”. But there are two spirits of public art, and they are not both benevolent. Public art is also a Banksy; it has at times been seen as its own form of vandalism. By Gormley’s own rules, which encourage the natural denaturing and alteration of the sculptures—rust, barnacles and all—the self-consciously witty graffiti could be classed as a valid interaction between world and art. And it would have been an interaction with the world when, during the Autumn of last year, a ship almost collided with the Gormley sculpture out to sea in front of Margate’s gallery Turney Contemporary. The art angel can also be one of destruction.
Antony Gormley, Subject
Until 27 August at Kettle’s Yard
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Nina Chanel Abney takes the frenzied rhythm of Instagram and the chaos of America’s politics and channels it into her own brand of punchy Pop painting.
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Republican, Fear, Love, Blood: The Many Meanings of Red
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Endnotes. Included in How Did the Rival Temperance Conventions of 1853 Help Forge an Enduring Alliance between Prohibition and Woman's Rights?, Documents selected and interpreted by John McClymer. (Alexandria, VA: Alexander Street Press, 2012).
How Did the Rival Temperance Conventions of 1853 Help Forge an Enduring
Alliance between Prohibition and Woman's Rights?
1. See, for example: "Worcester, Mass., Oct. 23, 1850. That motley mingling of abolitionists, socialists, and infidels, of all sexes and colors, called the Woman's Rights Convention, assembled in this city, to-day" was the opening to a story headed WOMAN'S RIGHTS CONVENTION. AWFUL COMBINATION OF SOCIALISM, ABOLITIONISM, AND INFIDELITY. The Pantalettes Striking for the Pantaloons. Bible and Constitution Repudiated. The [N.Y.] Herald, October 25, 1850. Even before the Bloomer costume achieved a modest popularity opponents of woman's rights routinely excoriated "women in breeches" or, in this case, in "pantalettes."
Back to Text
2. Tilden G. Edelstein, Strange Enthusiasm: A Life of Thomas Wentworth Higginson (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968).
3. Stone was already famous as an orator and activist in both the anti-slavery and woman's rights movements; Brown was the first female ordained minister in the United States; Lucretia Mott was a long-time abolitionist activist who, with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, organized the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848; Abby Kelley Foster was, like Stone, a well-known and highly controversial anti-slavery and woman's rights orator; William Lloyd Garrison, founding editor of The Liberator, was active in numerous other reform movements; Frederick Douglass, famous for his escape from slavery and for his oratorical prowess, was the editor of a reform newspaper, The North Star; Wendell Phillips, another famous orator, devoted his life to an array of reform causes including anti-slavery, temperance, woman's rights, and labor reform. As a group they were among the most famous and radical reform voices in antebellum America. They did not agree on every issue, however. Garrison and Mott, for example, opposed the use of violence to end slavery. Higginson used force in trying to rescue Anthony Burns and supported John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry. An insightful overview is Steven Mintz, Moralists and Modernizers: America's Pre-Civil War Reformers (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).
4. Jane Grey Swisshelm, Half A Century (Chicago: Jansen, McClurg and Company, 1880), 2nd ed., p.145. Turkish trowsers referred to the Bloomer costume. Fourierism was the social philosophy named after Charles Fourier (1772-1837). He advocated a reorganization of society into self-sufficient units (phalanstères or phalanxes) that would offer a maximum of both cooperation and choice to members. A number of utopian communities in the United States adopted Fourier's principles. Phonetics was a system of simplified spelling, based on phonetic principles. Pneumonics was a system of breathing exercises for which proponents claimed health values. A caudle is a warm beverage, usually a mixture of wine or ale and eggs, sugar, and spices, given to the sick. "Criminal caudling" was a campaign for prison reform. Magdalenism was a campaign to rescue prostitutes by providing shelter, occupational training, and religious counseling. For more on Swisshelm's opposition to bundling reform efforts and her controversy with Parker Pillsbury over linking woman's rights and anti-slavery, see John F. McClymer, "How Do Contemporary Newspaper Accounts of the 1850 Worcester Woman's Rights Convention Enhance Our Understanding of the Issues Debated at That Meeting?" Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600-2000 (2006).
5. Proceedings of the General Anti-Slavery Convention, London, England, June 1840 (London: British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, 1841), pp. 23-46. Phillips introduced the resolution to admit female delegates and played the leading role in the ensuing debate. Birney responded:
It has been stated that the right of women to sit and act in all respects as men in our anti-slavery associations, was decided in the affirmative at the annual meeting of the American Anti-Slavery Society in May, 1839. It is true the claim was so decided on that occasion, but not by a large majority; whilst it is also true that the majority was swelled by the votes of the women themselves. I have just received a letter from a gentleman in New York [Lewis Tappan], communicating the fact, that the persistence of the friends of promiscuous female representation in pressing that practice on the American Anti-Slavery Society, at its annual meeting on the twelfth of last month, had caused such disagreement among the members present, that he and others who viewed the subject as he did, were then deliberating on measures for seceding from the old organization. (p. 41)
6. One of the initial resolutions proposed on the first day read: "That the cry, 'The Maine Law is ineffectual,' is raised entirely by those who never desired, or at least never tried to have it otherwise." New York Times, Sept. 2, 1853, p. 1.
7. Newspapers routinely reprinted stories from papers in other cities, sometimes in full, sometimes edited to fit the space available or the editorial leanings of the publisher. As a result, the audience for a story in a single paper could be far larger than that paper's subscriber list.
8. Perhaps the most popular of these songs, certainly among the most maudlin, was "Father, Come Home." A search of "America Singing: Nineteenth-Century Song Sheets" at the Library of Congress American Memory site, on June 15, 2012, using "temperance" as the keyword yielded seventy-nine titles, including duplicates, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amsshtml/amsshome.html. Unfortunately, the songs' exact dates of publication cannot be determined.
9. Circulation reached 200,000 by 1860. Kevin E. O'Donnell, "Book and Periodical Illustration," in American History Through Literature, 1820-1870, ed. Janet Gabler-Hover and Robert D. Sattelmeyer (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006), pp.144-48, citing Frank Luther Mott, A History of American Magazines, vol. 2, 1850–1865 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1938). See also Richard Rogers Bowker, "Great American Industries VII: The Printed Book," Harper's New Monthly Magazine 75 (July 1887), pp. 165-88.
10. Ruth Bordin, Woman and Temperance: The Quest for Power and Liberty, 1873-1900 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1981); Marjorie Julian Spruill, ed., One Woman, One Vote: Rediscovering the Woman Suffrage Movement (Troutdale, OR: New Sage Press, 1995); Carol Mattingly, Well-Tempered Women: Nineteenth-Century Temperance Rhetoric (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998); Holly Berkley Fletcher, Gender and the American Temperance Movement of the Nineteenth Century (New York: Routledge, 2008); and Scott C. Martin, Devil of the Domestic Sphere: Temperance, Gender, and Middle-class Ideology, 1800-1860 (DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 2008).
11. See Theresa Battaglio, "Temperance in the 1850s: Temperance Laws," http://www1.assumption.edu/ahc/Theresa%27s%20Main%20Folder/Web%20page%20folder/Title%20Pages/TempLawsFrameSet.html.
12. Lori D. Ginsberg, "'Moral Suasion Is Moral Balderdash': Women, Politics, and Social Activism in the 1850s," Journal of American History, 73:3 (Dec. 1986), 601-22.
13. William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book 1, Chapter 15, "Of Husband and Wife" (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979, reprint of 1765 edition), pp. 442-45. The quotation is on p. 442.
14. Mary Ann Mason, From Father's Property to Children's Rights: The History of Child Custody in the United States (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994).
15. See Timothy 2:12: But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence. (King James Version)
16.Some objected on religious grounds.
The Rev. A. Harvey, of Glasgow: It was stated by a brother from America, that with him it is a matter of conscience, and it is a question of conscience with me too. I have certain views in relation to the teaching of the Word of God, and of the particular sphere in which woman is to act. I must say, whether I am right in my interpretations of the Word of God or not, that my own decided convictions are, if I were to give a vote in favor of females, sitting and deliberating in such an assembly as this, that I should be acting in opposition to the plain teaching of the Word of God. I may be wrong, but I have a conscience on the subject, and I am sure there are a number present of the same mind.
Others argued that the British Society hosting the Convention had never intended that its invitation include ladies. See Proceedings of the General Anti-Slavery Convention, 23-46, quotation on p. 38.
17. See Kathryn Kish Sklar, Women's Rights Emerges within the Anti-Slavery Movement (Boston: Bedford Books, 2000).
18. The Proceedings of the World's Temperance Convention (Document 11) provided an account of the "Preliminary Meeting" that did not describe the tumult. Instead it only noted that the Credentials Committee reported "that they were unanimously of [the] opinion that it was not intended by those who called this meeting, that names of female delegates should be enrolled." Later on, the Proceedings noted, "The report was accepted and adopted."
19. See Tyler G. Anbinder, Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). As Anbinder notes, the Know Nothings also were anti-Semitic.
20. The source of the metaphor is from Matthew, 7:15-20:
15 Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.
16 Ye shall know them by their fruits. Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles?
17 Even so every good tree bringeth forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit.
18 A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit.
19 Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.
20 Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them. (King James Version)
21. This language echoed that adopted at the first national woman's rights convention held at Worcester in 1850 at which Lucy Stone, Antoinette Brown, Abby Kelley Foster, and Lucretia Mott all played prominent roles. McClymer, "How Do Contemporary Newspaper Accounts of the 1850 Worcester Woman's Rights Convention Enhance Our Understanding of the Issues Debated at That Meeting?"
22. The reference to "Abolition" is the only acknowledgement the Proceedings made to the decision to ban non-white delegates, such as Frederick Douglass. "Land Reform," so far as I have been able to determine, did not come up in any of the three conventions.
23. The quotation is from "Macbeth," the banquet scene in which Lady Macbeth accuses her husband of breaking up "the good meeting with most admired disorder."
24. See Tyler Anbinder, "Isaiah Rynders and the Ironies of Popular Democracy in Antebellum New York," in Contested Democracy: Freedom, Race, and Power in American History, Manisha Sinha and Penny M. Von Eschen, eds. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), pp. 31-53.
25. This split began with a bill to grant the vote to black male residents of the District of Columbia in 1867 and culminated in the Fifteenth Amendment, which introduced the word "male" into the Constitution.
26. William S. McFeely, Frederick Douglass (New York: W.W. Norton, 1991), p. 266.
27. This is an oft-told story. See Eleanor Flexner, Century of Struggle: The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States, enlarged edition (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996), pp. 136-47, and Jean H. Baker, Sisters: The Lives of America's Suffragists (New York: Hill & Wang, 2005), pp. 13-92
28. The postwar history of the ties binding the two movements is much more fully explored in the historical literature than the antebellum beginnings. See Fletcher, Gender and the American Temperance Movement of the Nineteenth Century and, especially, Martin, Devil of the Domestic Sphere.
29. This work was probably the most popular temperance publication in the antebellum era. It went through numerous reprintings, and quickly was adapted for the stage where it rivaled Uncle Tom's Cabin in popularity. Most affecting apparently was a "Father, Come Home" scene. Henry C. Work's maudlin song, "Come Home, Father," (1864?) provoked numerous others such as Z. Pope Vose's "Father Has Come Home: Answer to Come home, Father" (1865) and Dexter Smith's "I'm Glad Father's Come: Little Mary's Answer to 'Come Home, Father'" (c. 1865).
30. See Henry S. Clubb, The Maine Liquor Law: Its Origin, History, and Results Including A Life of Hon. Neal Dow (New York: Fowler and Wells, 1856), pp. 255-56, which reprints Higginson's report on the League's activities in Worcester, Massachusetts:
The Carson League, under the date of October 2, 1854, has reported, as a result of their labors, the following cases: Convictions, 25 single sales, fines and costs . $562 51 [Convictions] 5 common sellers " " " " $549 56 [Total fines and costs] $1,112 07 Cases continued . . . ; 15 single sales (if convicted), say $200 [Cases continued] - 7 common sellers (if convicted) $750 [Grand total fines and costs] $2,062 07
Add to the above the fees paid by liquor-dealers to their counsel in these cases, which probably vary from $10 to $20, and we have a total sum, from $2,800 to $3,000, as the cost to these violators of law. Nearly all this work was done by the Carson League, in about four months, at a cost of about $300 to the members; and the only reason by they have not done more (except for the temporary absence of their agent, Mr. Stowell) has been that they had no more money to spend. . . . Several houses have been entirely broken up, including one of the most notorious for rumselling, gambling, and gross licentiousness. . . . The first operations of the League created a terror among the liquor-dealers, leading to a whole system of concealment. Those who are dissatisfied with the mode in which evidence has been obtained, are not probably aware that the choice lay between that evidence and none. If they are aware of it, they must decide for themselves the question, whether to leave the liquor traffic unchecked, or to have purchases made, for the purpose of obtaining testimony. The simple fact is, that the Carson League is a voluntary police, and no police operation could proceed a day without resorting to such means as are here employed. It was very unwillingly that the officers of the League were convinced of this; but being convinced, there was but one course to pursue, and they have pursued it. But they have taken as much care as possible to employ no agents without careful inquiry into their habits and purposes; and it is believed that no one has been employed who has not acted under a sincere desire to serve the cause of temperance. [February 24, 1855] -- Rev. T. W. Higginson, Secretary
Martin Stowell was temporarily absent because he was in prison accused of murdering a guard in the unsuccessful effort to liberate fugitive slave Anthony Burns that he and Higginson organized in 1854.
31. Mason, From Father's Property to Children's Rights. pp. 53-58, 63-68.
32. Marylynn Salmon, Women and the Law of Property in Early America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986).
33. Rev. Dr. Tyng, who gave the major address at the semi-annual meeting of the American Temperance Union in New York City on Jan. 24, 1854, recited part of the poem. New York Times, Jan. 25, 1854, Twenty years later, T.S. Arthur, whose play "Ten Nights in a Barroom" was almost as frequently performed as the stage version of 'Uncle Tom's Cabin," began his history of "the new crusade" with the poem. T.S. Arthur, Women to the Rescue: A Story of the New Crusade (Philadelphia: J.M. Stoddart, 1874), pp. 5-7.
34. Temperance Jewels, p. 62. For the song see http://www.hymnary.org/text/go_feel_what_i_have_felt.
35. A search of "America Singing: Nineteenth-Century Song Sheets at the Library of Congress American Memory site, on June 6, 2012, using "temperance" as the keyword yielded seventy-nine titles, including duplicates, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amsshtml/amsshome.html.
36. Scott Gac, Singing for Freedom: The Hutchinson Family Singers and the Nineteenth-century Culture of Antebellum Reform (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007). One of the groups who modeled themselves upon the Hutchinsons was the Amphions who performed at the Whole World's Temperance Convention.
37. One of the most popular was John Pierpont, Cold Water Melodies and Washingtonian Songster, Revised and Enlarged (Boston: T. Abbott, 1843). The Washingtonians, a group of reformed "drunkards," were the most important temperance organization of the 1840s. The Rev. Pierpont addressed the Whole World Temperance Convention in 1853 (See Document 5, pp. 54-57) and the Woman's Rights Convention the following week. (See Document 15, pp. 77-79)
38. Perhaps the most famous depiction of the suffering Irish wife and children is Thomas Nast's editorial cartoon for Harper's Weekly, Feb. 17, 1872, in which he portrays Victoria Woodhull as "Mrs. Satan." The woman who resists the temptation of "Free Love" carries her drunken Irish husband and small children on her back.
Document 9A
39. See Stephen Nissenbaum, Sex, Diet, and Debility in Jacksonian America: Sylvester Graham and Health Reform (Westport, Conn., Greenwood Press, 1980).
Document 10
40. Robert H. Abzug, Cosmos Crumbling: American Reform and the Religious Imagination (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994).
41. Carol A. Kolmerten, The American Life of Ernestine L. Rose (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1999). For Graham, see his obituary in the New York Times, May 20, 1894.
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Salaciousness And Soap Operas
Scandal is always entertaining, but how do soap operas always keep us wanting more?
by K. Gitter June 4, 2017, 8:00 pm
Soap Opera TV guides via Pinterest
You’ve probably seen them while channel surfing. Daytime soap operas – a genre of a bygone era, yet a few series (like George Romero zombies) still stagger on. Ask any soap fan, and they’ll tell you: the medium is dying. Will the daytime soap manage to survive into the next decade?
A soap opera, soap, or soap, is a serial drama on television or radio that examines the lives of many characters, usually focusing on emotional relationships to the point of melodrama. The term soap opera originated from such dramas being typically sponsored by soap manufacturers in the past.
The first serial considered to be a “soap opera” was Painted Dreams, which debuted on October 20, 1930 on Chicago radio station WGN. Clara, Lu, and Em was the first radio soap opera ever to be broadcast across the nation.
Early radio series such as Painted Dreams were broadcast in weekday daytime slots, usually five days a week, when most of the listeners would be housewives; thus, the shows were aimed at and consumed by a predominantly female audience. In the name, “soap” refers to the soap and detergent commercials originally broadcast during the shows, which were aimed at women who were cleaning their houses at the time of listening or viewing, and “opera” refers to the melodramatic character of the shows.
What are the core elements of a soap opera? Click “Next” to find out.
‘The Young And The Restless’ Celebrating Nikki Newman’s 40th Anniversary With Special Episode
Susan Lucci Reunited With The ‘All My Children’ Cast To Act Out Famous Scenes
Kristoff St. John’s Final Scene In ‘Young & The Restless’ Left Fans In Tears
Shocking Facts That Got Buried With Jim Morrison
The Personal Property Auction Of Debbie Reynolds And Carrie Fisher
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Circuit Clerk Christy Blakemore Receives Clifford H. Ahrens Award
Posted on September 4, 2018 by Thad Taylor
Congratulations to Christy Blakemore for receiving the Clifford H. Ahrens Award. Christy is scheduled to receive this award on Sept. 27 at the Judicial Conference.
The Clifford H. Ahrens Award is given annually by the Missouri Court Automation Committee (MCA) to recognize an individual who has made significant contributions to court automation in this state. The award is named after the Honorable Clifford H. Ahrens to acknowledge and honor his dedication to and considerable contributions to court automation. Judge Ahrens served as a charter MCA member of the MCA from its initiation in 1994 to 2015, chair of the MCA Budget and Personnel subcommittee from 1995 to 2003, MCA vice chair from 1995 to 2002, and MCA chair from 2002 until 2015, when he retired from the bench.
The recipients of this award are those who exhibit:
A proven appreciation and respect for the importance of court automation in providing due process of law and ensuring the effective and efficient administration of justice;
A demonstrated commitment to excellence in court automation; and
An extensive and established history in making substantial contributions to court automation, including the innovative use of technology to improve court automation.
The purpose of the award is to recognize individuals who have gone over and above their volunteer efforts in promoting and advancing court automation. The award is named in honor of the past chair (Judge Cliff Ahrens) who has given so freely of his time and efforts to the court automation project.
Way to go Christy!
Mid-Missouri Legal Services is Turning 40! Save the date Oct 25
12th Annual Chipping in for Charity Golf Tournament October 8th
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SECONDARY ED AND CHILD/FAMILY STUDIES EARN NATIONAL RANKINGS
07.02.18 – Two programs in the School of Education, formerly the Department of Teaching, Leadership, and Counseling, have been ranked among the most affordable in the nation by the website collegechoice.net.
The Master of Arts in Teaching in secondary education and bachelor’s in child and family studies were ranked as the seventh most affordable. The master’s in secondary education was also ranked as the ninth best overall.
“The Gallaspy College of Education and Human Development is pleased to have collegechoice.net recognize the value and excellence in our teacher certification programs,” said Dr. Kimberly Walker McAlister, dean of the Gallaspy College of Education and Human Development. “Multiple secondary content areas are identified as critical shortage needs and NSU’s online offerings are helping to meet this need. Louisiana Department of Education evidence supports that our new teachers are successful in helping students learn and grow.
“The degree in Child and Family Studies opens many avenues for graduates in early learning centers, educational or non profit agencies. This recently redesigned program prepares graduates to interact with children, their parents and community stakeholders.”
Both programs are offered through the School, the secondary education program is ideal for those who wish to earn their initial Louisiana teacher certification in secondary content area. Options include biology, business mathematics and special education and will credential completers to teach in grades K-12.
The master’s in secondary education requires 33 hours of graduate coursework, including a one-year teaching internship.
The bachelor’s in child and family studies requires the completion of courses in nutrition, parenting, educational psychology and early childhood education. Students must complete a minimum of 90 hours of observation in a licensed child care center or elementary school during their junior year and 180 hours of on the job training during their senior year.
Each college or university in the rankings is an accredited public or private institutions. The rankings are based on an institution’s quality, reputation, affordability, value and student satisfaction.
The website used sources including the U.S. Department of Education’s Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, U.S. News and World Report’s reputation score and the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Information on the programs are available at education.nsula.edu.
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Press Release: Darfur Activists Outline Steps To Address Darfur Spillover Into Chad
Enough Team February 11, 2008 No comments
← Press Releases
Posted by Enough Team on February 11, 2008
Contact: Nanda Chitre (ENOUGH), 202-682-6137
DARFUR ACTIVISTS OUTLINE STEPS TO ADDRESS DARFUR SPILLOVER INTO CHAD
Groups: ‘Sudan’s ruling party is a menace to the region’
WASHINGTON – Following attempts by reportedly Sudan-backed rebels to overthrow the Chadian government, with violence and displacement in Eastern Chad and capital city N’Djamena, Darfur activists urged world leaders to quickly adopt policies that will end Sudan’s menacing role in the region.
Activists from the Save Darfur Coalition, the ENOUGH Project and the Genocide Intervention Network outlined three key steps to address the unrest in Chad and its root cause in Khartoum, including sanctions against Sudanese officials responsible for supporting the overthrow of Chadian officials and those responsible for obstructing the deployment of international peacekeepers in Darfur and Chad.
“The outcome of the crisis in Chad remains uncertain, but the peril for civilians in Chad and Darfur is enormous. A low-intensity, festering civil conflict between the Chadian government and a disparate group of rebels has exploded into violent confrontation in the capital N’Djamena. Thousands of refugees have fled the city, and the fight for control continues. The Sudanese government, which is responsible for genocide in Darfur, supports the rebels trying to overthrow Chad’s government because it wants to block the deployment of European Union peacekeepers to Eastern Chad. Sudan’s ruling party not only threatens its own citizens, which it has destroyed in great numbers, it is a menace to the entire region. It will remain a menace until the rest of the world makes the cost of doing so too steep.”
The activists outlined three key steps world leaders must follow to address the Darfur crisis spillover into Chad:
1) The U.S., France and UK should work with China and Russia to introduce immediately a U.N. Security Council resolution authorizing targeted sanctions on senior Sudanese officials responsible for supporting the overthrow of a neighboring sovereign government, for obstructing the deployment of international protection forces in Chad and Darfur, and for continuing to promote violence in Darfur.
2) The U.S., France, UK and China should form an international "Quartet" to work with the UN and AU in promoting an end to the interconnected conflicts in Chad and Sudan.
3) The "Quartet" should work together to ensure that the UN-led peacekeeping mission in Darfur and the EU-led peacekeeping mission in Chad are deployed immediately.
Click here to write a letter to the editor of your local newspaper and demand international action to bring an end to the violence in Chad and Sudan.
About the Save Darfur Coalition – The Save Darfur Coalition raises public awareness about the ongoing genocide in Darfur and mobilizes a unified response to the atrocities that threaten the lives of people throughout the Darfur region. It is an alliance of more than 180 faith-based, advocacy and human rights organizations. The coalition’s member organizations represent 130 million people of all ages, races, religions and political affiliations united together to help the people of Darfur. For more information on the coalition, please visit www.SaveDarfur.org. To obtain footage from the Darfur border region, coalition events, various interviews, and more, please visit the Save Darfur Coalition media gallery at http://media.savedarfur.org. All footage may be previewed in non-broadcast quality and may be purchased in broadcast quality by filling out the purchase request form provided on the site.
About the Genocide Intervention Network – The Genocide Intervention Network is working to build the first permanent anti-genocide constituency in the United States, mobilizing the political will to stop genocide when it occurs. Accessible online at www.GenocideIntervention.net, GI-Net empowers individuals with tools to stop genocide through education, fundraising for civilian protection and advocacy efforts.
About the ENOUGH Project – ENOUGH is a project of the Center for American Progress to end genocide and crimes against humanity. With an initial focus on the crises in Darfur, eastern Congo, and northern Uganda, ENOUGH’s strategy papers and briefings provide sharp field analysis and targeted policy recommendations based on a “3P” crisis response strategy: promoting durable peace, providing civilian protection, and punishing perpetrators of atrocities. ENOUGH works with concerned citizens, advocates, and policy makers to prevent, mitigate, and resolve these crises. To learn more about ENOUGH and what you can do to help, go to www.enoughproject.org.
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Proof of Concept (PoC) (173) Apply Proof of Concept (PoC) filter
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Project acronym 15CBOOKTRADE
Project The 15th-century Book Trade: An Evidence-based Assessment and Visualization of the Distribution, Sale, and Reception of Books in the Renaissance
Researcher (PI) Cristina Dondi
Host Institution (HI) THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
Summary The idea that underpins this project is to use the material evidence from thousands of surviving 15th-c. books, as well as unique documentary evidence — the unpublished ledger of a Venetian bookseller in the 1480s which records the sale of 25,000 printed books with their prices — to address four fundamental questions relating to the introduction of printing in the West which have so far eluded scholarship, partly because of lack of evidence, partly because of the lack of effective tools to deal with existing evidence. The book trade differs from other trades operating in the medieval and early modern periods in that the goods traded survive in considerable numbers. Not only do they survive, but many of them bear stratified evidence of their history in the form of marks of ownership, prices, manuscript annotations, binding and decoration styles. A British Academy pilot project conceived by the PI produced a now internationally-used database which gathers together this kind of evidence for thousands of surviving 15th-c. printed books. For the first time, this makes it possible to track the circulation of books, their trade routes and later collecting, across Europe and the USA, and throughout the centuries. The objectives of this project are to examine (1) the distribution and trade-routes, national and international, of 15th-c. printed books, along with the identity of the buyers and users (private, institutional, religious, lay, female, male, and by profession) and their reading practices; (2) the books' contemporary market value; (3) the transmission and dissemination of the texts they contain, their survival and their loss (rebalancing potentially skewed scholarship); and (4) the circulation and re-use of the illustrations they contain. Finally, the project will experiment with the application of scientific visualization techniques to represent, geographically and chronologically, the movement of 15th-c. printed books and of the texts they contain.
The idea that underpins this project is to use the material evidence from thousands of surviving 15th-c. books, as well as unique documentary evidence — the unpublished ledger of a Venetian bookseller in the 1480s which records the sale of 25,000 printed books with their prices — to address four fundamental questions relating to the introduction of printing in the West which have so far eluded scholarship, partly because of lack of evidence, partly because of the lack of effective tools to deal with existing evidence. The book trade differs from other trades operating in the medieval and early modern periods in that the goods traded survive in considerable numbers. Not only do they survive, but many of them bear stratified evidence of their history in the form of marks of ownership, prices, manuscript annotations, binding and decoration styles. A British Academy pilot project conceived by the PI produced a now internationally-used database which gathers together this kind of evidence for thousands of surviving 15th-c. printed books. For the first time, this makes it possible to track the circulation of books, their trade routes and later collecting, across Europe and the USA, and throughout the centuries. The objectives of this project are to examine (1) the distribution and trade-routes, national and international, of 15th-c. printed books, along with the identity of the buyers and users (private, institutional, religious, lay, female, male, and by profession) and their reading practices; (2) the books' contemporary market value; (3) the transmission and dissemination of the texts they contain, their survival and their loss (rebalancing potentially skewed scholarship); and (4) the circulation and re-use of the illustrations they contain. Finally, the project will experiment with the application of scientific visualization techniques to represent, geographically and chronologically, the movement of 15th-c. printed books and of the texts they contain.
Project acronym 19TH-CENTURY_EUCLID
Project Nineteenth-Century Euclid: Geometry and the Literary Imagination from Wordsworth to Wells
Researcher (PI) Alice Jenkins
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW
Summary This radically interdisciplinary project aims to bring a substantially new field of research – literature and mathematics studies – to prominence as a tool for investigating the culture of nineteenth-century Britain. It will result in three kinds of outcome: a monograph, two interdisciplinary and international colloquia, and a collection of essays. The project focuses on Euclidean geometry as a key element of nineteenth-century literary and scientific culture, showing that it was part of the shared knowledge flowing through elite and popular Romantic and Victorian writing, and figuring notably in the work of very many of the century’s best-known writers. Despite its traditional cultural prestige and educational centrality, geometry has been almost wholly neglected by literary history. This project shows how literature and mathematics studies can draw a new map of nineteenth-century British culture, revitalising our understanding of the Romantic and Victorian imagination through its writing about geometry.
This radically interdisciplinary project aims to bring a substantially new field of research – literature and mathematics studies – to prominence as a tool for investigating the culture of nineteenth-century Britain. It will result in three kinds of outcome: a monograph, two interdisciplinary and international colloquia, and a collection of essays. The project focuses on Euclidean geometry as a key element of nineteenth-century literary and scientific culture, showing that it was part of the shared knowledge flowing through elite and popular Romantic and Victorian writing, and figuring notably in the work of very many of the century’s best-known writers. Despite its traditional cultural prestige and educational centrality, geometry has been almost wholly neglected by literary history. This project shows how literature and mathematics studies can draw a new map of nineteenth-century British culture, revitalising our understanding of the Romantic and Victorian imagination through its writing about geometry.
Project acronym 1stProposal
Project An alternative development of analytic number theory and applications
Researcher (PI) ANDREW Granville
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON
Call Details Advanced Grant (AdG), PE1, ERC-2014-ADG
Summary The traditional (Riemann) approach to analytic number theory uses the zeros of zeta functions. This requires the associated multiplicative function, say f(n), to have special enough properties that the associated Dirichlet series may be analytically continued. In this proposal we continue to develop an approach which requires less of the multiplicative function, linking the original question with the mean value of f. Such techniques have been around for a long time but have generally been regarded as “ad hoc”. In this project we aim to show that one can develop a coherent approach to the whole subject, not only reproving all of the old results, but also many new ones that appear inaccessible to traditional methods. Our first goal is to complete a monograph yielding a reworking of all the classical theory using these new methods and then to push forward in new directions. The most important is to extend these techniques to GL(n) L-functions, which we hope will now be feasible having found the correct framework in which to proceed. Since we rarely know how to analytically continue such L-functions this could be of great benefit to the subject. We are developing the large sieve so that it can be used for individual moduli, and will determine a strong form of that. Also a new method to give asymptotics for mean values, when they are not too small. We wish to incorporate techniques of analytic number theory into our theory, for example recent advances on mean values of Dirichlet polynomials. Also the recent breakthroughs on the sieve suggest strong links that need further exploration. Additive combinatorics yields important results in many areas. There are strong analogies between its results, and those for multiplicative functions, especially in large value spectrum theory, and its applications. We hope to develop these further. Much of this is joint work with K Soundararajan of Stanford University.
The traditional (Riemann) approach to analytic number theory uses the zeros of zeta functions. This requires the associated multiplicative function, say f(n), to have special enough properties that the associated Dirichlet series may be analytically continued. In this proposal we continue to develop an approach which requires less of the multiplicative function, linking the original question with the mean value of f. Such techniques have been around for a long time but have generally been regarded as “ad hoc”. In this project we aim to show that one can develop a coherent approach to the whole subject, not only reproving all of the old results, but also many new ones that appear inaccessible to traditional methods. Our first goal is to complete a monograph yielding a reworking of all the classical theory using these new methods and then to push forward in new directions. The most important is to extend these techniques to GL(n) L-functions, which we hope will now be feasible having found the correct framework in which to proceed. Since we rarely know how to analytically continue such L-functions this could be of great benefit to the subject. We are developing the large sieve so that it can be used for individual moduli, and will determine a strong form of that. Also a new method to give asymptotics for mean values, when they are not too small. We wish to incorporate techniques of analytic number theory into our theory, for example recent advances on mean values of Dirichlet polynomials. Also the recent breakthroughs on the sieve suggest strong links that need further exploration. Additive combinatorics yields important results in many areas. There are strong analogies between its results, and those for multiplicative functions, especially in large value spectrum theory, and its applications. We hope to develop these further. Much of this is joint work with K Soundararajan of Stanford University.
Project acronym 2DHIBSA
Project Nanoscopic and Hierachical Materials via Living Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly
Researcher (PI) Ian MANNERS
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL
Summary A key synthetic challenge of widespread interest in chemical science involves the creation of well-defined 2D functional materials that exist on a length-scale of nanometers to microns. In this ambitious 5 year proposal we aim to tackle this issue by exploiting the unique opportunities made possible by recent developments with the living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) platform. Using this solution processing approach, amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs) with crystallizable blocks, related amphiphiles, and polymers with charged end groups will be used to predictably construct monodisperse samples of tailored, functional soft matter-based 2D nanostructures with controlled shape, size, and spatially-defined chemistries. Many of the resulting nanostructures will also offer unprecedented opportunities as precursors to materials with hierarchical structures through further solution-based “bottom-up” assembly methods. In addition to fundamental studies, the proposed work also aims to make important impact in the cutting-edge fields of liquid crystals, interface stabilization, catalysis, supramolecular polymers, and hierarchical materials.
A key synthetic challenge of widespread interest in chemical science involves the creation of well-defined 2D functional materials that exist on a length-scale of nanometers to microns. In this ambitious 5 year proposal we aim to tackle this issue by exploiting the unique opportunities made possible by recent developments with the living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) platform. Using this solution processing approach, amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs) with crystallizable blocks, related amphiphiles, and polymers with charged end groups will be used to predictably construct monodisperse samples of tailored, functional soft matter-based 2D nanostructures with controlled shape, size, and spatially-defined chemistries. Many of the resulting nanostructures will also offer unprecedented opportunities as precursors to materials with hierarchical structures through further solution-based “bottom-up” assembly methods. In addition to fundamental studies, the proposed work also aims to make important impact in the cutting-edge fields of liquid crystals, interface stabilization, catalysis, supramolecular polymers, and hierarchical materials.
Project acronym 2DIR SPECTROMETER
Project A step-change in sensitivity for two dimensional laser infrared spectroscopy
Researcher (PI) Jasper VAN THOR
Host Institution (HI) IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Call Details Proof of Concept (PoC), PC1, ERC-2013-PoC
Summary "Here, we propose a novel design for a significantly improved detector for the emerging field of coherent two-dimension infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy, which is an optical analog of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). 2DIR is a cutting edge technique which is rapidly growing and has applications in subjects as diverse as energy sciences, biophysics, biomedical research and physical chemistry. Currently, the single most important technical problem that is generally agreed to limit applications of the methodology is the sensitivity with which the signals are measured. Having worked on multiple stabilisation techniques during the ERC funded research it was realised that a straightforward design alteration of the infrared detector will improve the sensitivity very significantly, theoretically by more than one order of magnitude. Here, the technical principles are explained, and a plan for commercialising the instrument in collaboration with the current market leader - Infrared System Development Corp. (ISDC) -. We apply for funding to develop the prototype."
"Here, we propose a novel design for a significantly improved detector for the emerging field of coherent two-dimension infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy, which is an optical analog of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). 2DIR is a cutting edge technique which is rapidly growing and has applications in subjects as diverse as energy sciences, biophysics, biomedical research and physical chemistry. Currently, the single most important technical problem that is generally agreed to limit applications of the methodology is the sensitivity with which the signals are measured. Having worked on multiple stabilisation techniques during the ERC funded research it was realised that a straightforward design alteration of the infrared detector will improve the sensitivity very significantly, theoretically by more than one order of magnitude. Here, the technical principles are explained, and a plan for commercialising the instrument in collaboration with the current market leader - Infrared System Development Corp. (ISDC) -. We apply for funding to develop the prototype."
Project acronym 2DQP
Project Two-dimensional quantum photonics
Researcher (PI) Brian David GERARDOT
Host Institution (HI) HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY
Call Details Consolidator Grant (CoG), PE3, ERC-2016-COG
Summary Quantum optics, the study of how discrete packets of light (photons) and matter interact, has led to the development of remarkable new technologies which exploit the bizarre properties of quantum mechanics. These quantum technologies are primed to revolutionize the fields of communication, information processing, and metrology in the coming years. Similar to contemporary technologies, the future quantum machinery will likely consist of a semiconductor platform to create and process the quantum information. However, to date the demanding requirements on a quantum photonic platform have yet to be satisfied with conventional bulk (three-dimensional) semiconductors. To surmount these well-known obstacles, a new paradigm in quantum photonics is required. Initiated by the recent discovery of single photon emitters in atomically flat (two-dimensional) semiconducting materials, 2DQP aims to be at the nucleus of a new approach by realizing quantum optics with ultra-stable (coherent) quantum states integrated into devices with electronic and photonic functionality. We will characterize, identify, engineer, and coherently manipulate localized quantum states in this two-dimensional quantum photonic platform. A vital component of 2DQP’s vision is to go beyond the fundamental science and achieve the ideal solid-state single photon device yielding perfect extraction - 100% efficiency - of on-demand indistinguishable single photons. Finally, we will exploit this ideal device to implement the critical building block for a photonic quantum computer.
Quantum optics, the study of how discrete packets of light (photons) and matter interact, has led to the development of remarkable new technologies which exploit the bizarre properties of quantum mechanics. These quantum technologies are primed to revolutionize the fields of communication, information processing, and metrology in the coming years. Similar to contemporary technologies, the future quantum machinery will likely consist of a semiconductor platform to create and process the quantum information. However, to date the demanding requirements on a quantum photonic platform have yet to be satisfied with conventional bulk (three-dimensional) semiconductors. To surmount these well-known obstacles, a new paradigm in quantum photonics is required. Initiated by the recent discovery of single photon emitters in atomically flat (two-dimensional) semiconducting materials, 2DQP aims to be at the nucleus of a new approach by realizing quantum optics with ultra-stable (coherent) quantum states integrated into devices with electronic and photonic functionality. We will characterize, identify, engineer, and coherently manipulate localized quantum states in this two-dimensional quantum photonic platform. A vital component of 2DQP’s vision is to go beyond the fundamental science and achieve the ideal solid-state single photon device yielding perfect extraction - 100% efficiency - of on-demand indistinguishable single photons. Finally, we will exploit this ideal device to implement the critical building block for a photonic quantum computer.
Project acronym 2SEXES_1GENOME
Project Sex-specific genetic effects on fitness and human disease
Researcher (PI) Edward Hugh Morrow
Host Institution (HI) THE UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), LS8, ERC-2011-StG_20101109
Summary Darwin’s theory of natural selection rests on the principle that fitness variation in natural populations has a heritable component, on which selection acts, thereby leading to evolutionary change. A fundamental and so far unresolved question for the field of evolutionary biology is to identify the genetic loci responsible for this fitness variation, thereby coming closer to an understanding of how variation is maintained in the face of continual selection. One important complicating factor in the search for fitness related genes however is the existence of separate sexes – theoretical expectations and empirical data both suggest that sexually antagonistic genes are common. The phrase “two sexes, one genome” nicely sums up the problem; selection may favour alleles in one sex, even if they have detrimental effects on the fitness of the opposite sex, since it is their net effect across both sexes that determine the likelihood that alleles persist in a population. This theoretical framework raises an interesting, and so far entirely unexplored issue: that in one sex the functional performance of some alleles is predicted to be compromised and this effect may account for some common human diseases and conditions which show genotype-sex interactions. I propose to explore the genetic basis of sex-specific fitness in a model organism in both laboratory and natural conditions and to test whether those genes identified as having sexually antagonistic effects can help explain the incidence of human diseases that display sexual dimorphism in prevalence, age of onset or severity. This multidisciplinary project directly addresses some fundamental unresolved questions in evolutionary biology: the genetic basis and maintenance of fitness variation; the evolution of sexual dimorphism; and aims to provide novel insights into the genetic basis of some common human diseases.
Darwin’s theory of natural selection rests on the principle that fitness variation in natural populations has a heritable component, on which selection acts, thereby leading to evolutionary change. A fundamental and so far unresolved question for the field of evolutionary biology is to identify the genetic loci responsible for this fitness variation, thereby coming closer to an understanding of how variation is maintained in the face of continual selection. One important complicating factor in the search for fitness related genes however is the existence of separate sexes – theoretical expectations and empirical data both suggest that sexually antagonistic genes are common. The phrase “two sexes, one genome” nicely sums up the problem; selection may favour alleles in one sex, even if they have detrimental effects on the fitness of the opposite sex, since it is their net effect across both sexes that determine the likelihood that alleles persist in a population. This theoretical framework raises an interesting, and so far entirely unexplored issue: that in one sex the functional performance of some alleles is predicted to be compromised and this effect may account for some common human diseases and conditions which show genotype-sex interactions. I propose to explore the genetic basis of sex-specific fitness in a model organism in both laboratory and natural conditions and to test whether those genes identified as having sexually antagonistic effects can help explain the incidence of human diseases that display sexual dimorphism in prevalence, age of onset or severity. This multidisciplinary project directly addresses some fundamental unresolved questions in evolutionary biology: the genetic basis and maintenance of fitness variation; the evolution of sexual dimorphism; and aims to provide novel insights into the genetic basis of some common human diseases.
Project acronym 3D Cer-Met
Project 3D Thin-Walled Ceramic and Ceramic-Metal Components using Electrolytic Plasma Processing
Researcher (PI) Allan MATTHEWS
Host Institution (HI) THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
Call Details Proof of Concept (PoC), ERC-2018-PoC
Summary This proposal relates to the Proof of Concept stage investigation of exciting new findings in the ERC Advanced Grant ‘IMPUNEP’ project relating to the study and use of plasma-based processes. These findings offer significant advantages for the creation of complex 3D ceramic and ceramic-metal products at relatively low cost in an environmentally friendly manner. The potential applications of this new technology are very wide-ranging, and include the creation of new products as diverse as healthcare devices, MEMS and aero/automotive parts. Before we properly and fully identify the most promising applications, we need to investigate key aspects of the performance of materials created by this new method. This aspect wasn’t envisaged in the original proposal and involves research into the mechanical properties (especially the strength and elastic modulus) of these 3D parts and their response to deformation and dynamic displacements, as well as their physical (including electrical) properties. These components will be highly resistant to attack by aggressive (e.g. acidic) media as well as highly tolerant to both low (cryogenic) and high (combustion) temperatures. The expected applications opened up by this new method to produce ceramic and ceramic-metal components of complex shape are extensive. Hence the need for this Proof of Concept study, which will focus on validating the process for 3D ceramic-metal and ceramic parts and evaluating the mechanical, chemical, electrical and physical attributes of the 3D shapes, and will explore their potential applications in this pre-demonstration phase.
This proposal relates to the Proof of Concept stage investigation of exciting new findings in the ERC Advanced Grant ‘IMPUNEP’ project relating to the study and use of plasma-based processes. These findings offer significant advantages for the creation of complex 3D ceramic and ceramic-metal products at relatively low cost in an environmentally friendly manner. The potential applications of this new technology are very wide-ranging, and include the creation of new products as diverse as healthcare devices, MEMS and aero/automotive parts. Before we properly and fully identify the most promising applications, we need to investigate key aspects of the performance of materials created by this new method. This aspect wasn’t envisaged in the original proposal and involves research into the mechanical properties (especially the strength and elastic modulus) of these 3D parts and their response to deformation and dynamic displacements, as well as their physical (including electrical) properties. These components will be highly resistant to attack by aggressive (e.g. acidic) media as well as highly tolerant to both low (cryogenic) and high (combustion) temperatures. The expected applications opened up by this new method to produce ceramic and ceramic-metal components of complex shape are extensive. Hence the need for this Proof of Concept study, which will focus on validating the process for 3D ceramic-metal and ceramic parts and evaluating the mechanical, chemical, electrical and physical attributes of the 3D shapes, and will explore their potential applications in this pre-demonstration phase.
Project acronym 3D-E
Project 3D Engineered Environments for Regenerative Medicine
Researcher (PI) Ruth Elizabeth Cameron
Host Institution (HI) THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Call Details Advanced Grant (AdG), PE8, ERC-2012-ADG_20120216
Summary "This proposal develops a unified, underpinning technology to create novel, complex and biomimetic 3D environments for the control of tissue growth. As director of Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, I have recently been approached by medical colleagues to help to solve important problems in the separate therapeutic areas of breast cancer, cardiac disease and blood disorders. In each case, the solution lies in complex 3D engineered environments for cell culture. These colleagues make it clear that existing 3D scaffolds fail to provide the required complex orientational and spatial anisotropy, and are limited in their ability to impart appropriate biochemical and mechanical cues. I have a strong track record in this area. A particular success has been the use of a freeze drying technology to make collagen based porous implants for the cartilage-bone interface in the knee, which has now been commercialised. The novelty of this proposal lies in the broadening of the established scientific base of this technology to enable biomacromolecular structures with: (A) controlled and complex pore orientation to mimic many normal multi-oriented tissue structures (B) compositional and positional control to match varying local biochemical environments, (C) the attachment of novel peptides designed to control cell behaviour, and (D) mechanical control at both a local and macroscopic level to provide mechanical cues for cells. These will be complemented by the development of (E) robust characterisation methodologies for the structures created. These advances will then be employed in each of the medical areas above. This approach is highly interdisciplinary. Existing working relationships with experts in each medical field will guarantee expertise and licensed facilities in the required biological disciplines. Funds for this proposal would therefore establish a rich hub of mutually beneficial research and opportunities for cross-disciplinary sharing of expertise."
"This proposal develops a unified, underpinning technology to create novel, complex and biomimetic 3D environments for the control of tissue growth. As director of Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, I have recently been approached by medical colleagues to help to solve important problems in the separate therapeutic areas of breast cancer, cardiac disease and blood disorders. In each case, the solution lies in complex 3D engineered environments for cell culture. These colleagues make it clear that existing 3D scaffolds fail to provide the required complex orientational and spatial anisotropy, and are limited in their ability to impart appropriate biochemical and mechanical cues. I have a strong track record in this area. A particular success has been the use of a freeze drying technology to make collagen based porous implants for the cartilage-bone interface in the knee, which has now been commercialised. The novelty of this proposal lies in the broadening of the established scientific base of this technology to enable biomacromolecular structures with: (A) controlled and complex pore orientation to mimic many normal multi-oriented tissue structures (B) compositional and positional control to match varying local biochemical environments, (C) the attachment of novel peptides designed to control cell behaviour, and (D) mechanical control at both a local and macroscopic level to provide mechanical cues for cells. These will be complemented by the development of (E) robust characterisation methodologies for the structures created. These advances will then be employed in each of the medical areas above. This approach is highly interdisciplinary. Existing working relationships with experts in each medical field will guarantee expertise and licensed facilities in the required biological disciplines. Funds for this proposal would therefore establish a rich hub of mutually beneficial research and opportunities for cross-disciplinary sharing of expertise."
Project acronym 3DAddChip
Project Additive manufacturing of 2D nanomaterials for on-chip technologies
Researcher (PI) Cecilia Mattevi
Summary The realization of “the internet of things” is inevitably constrained at the level of miniaturization that can be achieved in the electronic devices. A variety of technologies are now going through a process of miniaturization from micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) to biomedical sensors, and actuators. The ultimate goal is to combine several components in an individual multifunctional platform, realizing on-chip technology. Devices have to be constrained to small footprints and exhibit high performance. Thus, the miniaturization process requires the introduction of new manufacturing processes to fabricate devices in the 3D space over small areas. 3D printing via robocasting is emerging as a new manufacturing technique, which allows shaping virtually any materials from polymers to ceramic and metals into complex architectures. The goal of this research is to establish a 3D printing paradigm to produce miniaturized complex shape devices with diversified functions for on-chip technologies adaptable to “smart environment” such as flexible substrates, smart textiles and biomedical sensors. The elementary building blocks of the devices will be two-dimensional nanomaterials, which present unique optical, electrical, chemical and mechanical properties. The synergistic combination of the intrinsic characteristics of the 2D nanomaterials and the specific 3D architecture will enable advanced performance of the 3D printed objects. This research programme will demonstrate 3D miniaturized energy storage and energy conversion units fabricated with inks produced using a pilot plant. These units are essential components of any on-chip platform as they ensure energy autonomy via self-powering. Ultimately, this research will initiate new technologies based on miniaturized 3D devices.
The realization of “the internet of things” is inevitably constrained at the level of miniaturization that can be achieved in the electronic devices. A variety of technologies are now going through a process of miniaturization from micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) to biomedical sensors, and actuators. The ultimate goal is to combine several components in an individual multifunctional platform, realizing on-chip technology. Devices have to be constrained to small footprints and exhibit high performance. Thus, the miniaturization process requires the introduction of new manufacturing processes to fabricate devices in the 3D space over small areas. 3D printing via robocasting is emerging as a new manufacturing technique, which allows shaping virtually any materials from polymers to ceramic and metals into complex architectures. The goal of this research is to establish a 3D printing paradigm to produce miniaturized complex shape devices with diversified functions for on-chip technologies adaptable to “smart environment” such as flexible substrates, smart textiles and biomedical sensors. The elementary building blocks of the devices will be two-dimensional nanomaterials, which present unique optical, electrical, chemical and mechanical properties. The synergistic combination of the intrinsic characteristics of the 2D nanomaterials and the specific 3D architecture will enable advanced performance of the 3D printed objects. This research programme will demonstrate 3D miniaturized energy storage and energy conversion units fabricated with inks produced using a pilot plant. These units are essential components of any on-chip platform as they ensure energy autonomy via self-powering. Ultimately, this research will initiate new technologies based on miniaturized 3D devices.
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Home / Actors / Kelly Miller Biography
Kelly Miller Biography
Full name Kelly Miller
Kelly Miller sources
wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4395776
Kelly Miller Biography:
The minister attended Johns Hopkins University for postgraduate work, the very first black man to do this. The minister spent his teaching career at Howard University, and eventually expired at his house on the campus, in Washington, D.C., on December 29, 1939.
Howard was the sixth of 10 kids. His dad, Kelly Miller Sr., was a Confederate soldier, and his mom, Elizabeth Roberts, was a former slave. As a youth, Miller attended a grammar school that was created through the Reconstruction era after the Civil War, however a local minister noticed his aptitude for mathematics and ordered for Miller to attend the Fairfield Institute. His business there eventually earned him a scholarship to Howard University, in Washington, D.C.
After graduating from Howard in 1886, having shone in Latin and Greek in addition to mathematics and sociology, Miller procured a place in the U.S. Pension Office, where he’d clerked as an undergrad. In 1887, due in part to the recommendations of his professors as well as the association’s Quaker leanings, he became the very first black man to be accepted to study at Johns Hopkins University, where he did postgraduate work in math, physics and astronomy until 1889. Nevertheless, his father returned to Howard University the next year to take a teaching place. In 1895, Miller became the very first man at the university to educate sociology.
In 1907, he became dean of Howard’s College of Arts and Sciences and began a modernization of the program. During his tenure, Miller would make significant efforts to recruit pupils for the school by touring the Southern states. Miller’s work would soon bear fruit, as undergraduate registration more than tripled during his first four years as dean.
While continuing to educate, Miller’s often printed at the same time. His work contained a weekly column where he could express his social and political views and his 1908 novel, Race Adjustment. Rather, Miller stressed a middle ground that included all-inclusive instruction and self sufficiency. His commencement address at Howard University in 1898 eloquently underscored his thoughts.
In 1918, Howard University named a fresh president and Miller was demoted to dean of the junior college. Nevertheless, the new president continued to teach sociology in the establishment, as well as on December 29, 1939, Kelly Miller died at his residence on the Howard University campus. Miller was survived by means of a wife, four of five kids, as well as a heritage that demonstrated higher education for African Americans was an attainable goal.
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Onondaga County, New York
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Pick a district 1st District of New York (Rep. Lee Zeldin) 2nd District of New York (Rep. Peter King) 3rd District of New York (Rep. Tom Suozzi) 4th District of New York (Rep. Kathleen Rice) 5th District of New York (Rep. Gregory Meeks) 6th District of New York (Rep. Grace Meng) 7th District of New York (Rep. Nydia Velazquez) 8th District of New York (Rep. Hakeem Jeffries) 9th District of New York (Rep. Yvette Clarke) 10th District of New York (Rep. Jerrold Nadler) 11th District of New York (Rep. Daniel Donovan) 12th District of New York (Rep. Carolyn Maloney) 13th District of New York (Rep. Adriano Espailat) 14th District of New York (Rep. Joseph Crowley) 15th District of New York (Rep. Jose Serrano) 16th District of New York (Rep. Eliot Engel) 17th District of New York (Rep. Nita Lowey) 18th District of New York (Rep. Sean Maloney) 19th District of New York (Rep. John Faso) 20th District of New York (Rep. Paul Tonko) 21st District of New York (Rep. Elise Stefanik) 22nd District of New York (Rep. Claudia Tenney) 23rd District of New York (Rep. Tom Reed) 24th District of New York (Rep. John Katko) 25th District of New York (Rep. Louise Slaughter) 26th District of New York (Rep. Brian Higgins) 27th District of New York (Rep. Chris Collins)
Commodity subsidies in Onondaga County, New York totaled $55.1 million from 1995-2017.
Production Flexibility Contracts $7,301,537
Oilseed Program $96,747
Total Lamb Payments $4,334
Total Livestock Indemnity Program $1,714
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Behind the scenes of ‘Star Wars VI: Return of the Jedi’ with these candid Polaroids
Jack Whatley April 9, 2019
The final installment of the original Star Wars trilogy Return of the Jedi holds a dear place in many of our hearts. Whether you were waiting in line to catch the movie when it originally came out or you’re a fan of more modern times, this is one sci-fi flick that we can all get behind. Even more so when you peek behind the camera and see the inner workings of a movie-behemoth through the humble medium of Polaroid cameras.
Huge in the 80s and 90s, Polaroid‘s instantaneous film development made it a useful tool in the world of film. It provided effects teams, prop teams and directors the chance to capture a moment, prop or similar on film with ease. While many producers would go on to destroy the Polaroids collated during the filming process, luckily, some kept the images and with it offer a chance to see behind the scenes of some of favourite films.
Star Wars VI was one of these films. Thankfully George Lucas and his director on the film Richard Marquan kept the images and with it we get to see the working minds behind one of the most beloved films in cinema history. The final episode of the original trilogy the flick is set one year after The Empire Strikes Back and may have been the first film to struggle with ‘spoilers’. The film stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Billy Dee Williams, Anthony Daniels, David Prowse, Kenny Baker, Peter Mayhew and Frank Oz.
Behind The Scenes Of George Lucas’ Classic 1977 Film ‘Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope’
In the film, the Empire, under the direction of the ruthless Emperor and shadowed by the greatest of villains in the 1980s Darth Vader, is constructing a second Death Star in order to crush the Rebel Alliance. With the Emperor planning to oversee the final stages of its construction, the Rebel Fleet launches a huge attack on the Death Star to destroy it and kill the Emperor in the process. An attack which would effectively bring an end to their hold over the galaxy. Meanwhile, Luke Skywalker struggles to bring Darth Vader back to the light side of the Force.
While the storyline and characters are from another galaxy, what really stood Star Wars apart from the rest is the stunning visual effects which provided villains and lovable heroes in equal measure. The Polaroids below show this and so much more in work and are a must for any Star Wars fan.
Actor Peter Mayhew has died, Harrison Ford leads tributes to Chewbacca star
Far Out Staff May 3, 2019
The trailer for Star Wars IX ‘The Rise of Skywalker’ has dropped
Far Out Staff April 12, 2019
Nathan Ellis February 27, 2019
Disney release new behind-the-scenes footage of Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge theme parks
Far Out Staff December 27, 2018
Natalie Portman addresses rumours she’s returning to Star Wars for ‘Episode IX’
The score for ‘Solo’ has been disqualified from the 2019 Oscars
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Reproduction (217) Apply Reproduction filter
Experiments (126) Apply Experiments filter
Reproductive Health Arizona (11) Apply Reproductive Health Arizona filter
Organization (1) Apply Organization filter
Displaying 176 - 200 of 1032 items.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Experiments by Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 and 2007
In 2006, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become pluripotent stem cells, which have the capacity to produce many different types of cells. Takahashi and Yamanaka also experimented with human cell cultures in 2007. Each worked at Kyoto University in Kyoto, Japan. They called the pluripotent stem cells that they produced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) because they had induced the adult cells, called differentiated cells, to become pluripotent stem cells through genetic manipulation.
“Sources of Human Psychological Differences: The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart” (1990), by Thomas J. Bouchard Jr, David T. Lykken, Matthew McGue, Nancy L. Segal and Auke Tellegen
In 1990, Thomas J. Bouchard and his colleagues published the paper “Sources of Human Psychological Differences: The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart” in Science Magazine. The paper described the results of a study initiated in 1979 on the development of twins raised in different environments. The scientists conducted their experiment at the University of Minnesota, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The researchers physiologically and psychologically assessed monozygotic twins or triplets who were reared apart, comparing the similarity of those twins to twins who were reared together.
Pfeffer Cell Apparatus
The Pfeffer Zelle (Pfeffer Cell Apparatus), invented by Wilhelm Pfeffer in 1877, measured the minimum pressure needed to prevent a pure solvent from passing into a solution across a semi-permeable membrane, called osmotic pressure. The apparatus provided Pfeffer with a way to quantitatively measure osmotic pressure. Pfeffer devised the apparatus in the 1870s at the University of Basel in Basel, Switzerland, and he described the Pfeffer Cell Apparatus in his 1877 book Osmotische Untersuchungen: Studien Zur Zellmechanik (Osmotic Investigations: Studies on Cell Mechanics).
Abraham Trembley (1710-1784)
Abraham Trembley's discovery of the remarkable regenerative capacity of the hydra caused many to question their beliefs about the generation of organisms. Born 3 September 1710 to a prominent Geneva family, Trembley studied at the Calvin Institute, now the University of Geneva, where he completed his thesis on calculus. He went on to become tutor for Count William Bentinck's two sons, and it was while teaching the boys natural history that Trembley came across a strange organism in a sample of pond water.
The Biological Bulletin
From 1886 to 1889 Charles Otis Whitman was director of the Allis Lake Laboratory in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The lab was established by Edward Phelps Allis, Jr. to provide a place for biological research separate from a university setting and a place where an independent scholar like Allis himself could work. Allis had hired Whitman as an instructor to establish the lab, direct it, and lead a research program there. The lab lasted for eight years, attracted several researchers, and the papers that came out of the lab included a focus on embryology.
Possums (1952), by Carl G. Hartman
Possums is a 174-page book consisting of a series of essays written about the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), the only living marsupial in the US. The essays were written by Carl Gottfried Hartman, an embryologist at the Carnegie Institute of Washington (CIW), in Baltimore, Maryland, who also worked with another mammal, the rhesus monkey. Possums was published in 1952 by Hartman's alma mater, the University of Texas at Austin (UT). Beginning in 1913, while as a graduate student, and later as an instructor at UT, Hartman captured and raised opossums.
Body Worlds is an exhibition featuring plastinates, human bodies that have been preserved using a plastination process. First displayed in 1995 in Tokyo, Japan, this collection of anatomical specimens has since been displayed around the world. Although the exhibition debuted in Japan, the idea for the displays began at Heidelberg University in Heidelberg, Germany, where anatomist Gunther von Hagens invented a technique for plastination in the 1970s. After years of research and small-scale presentations of his work, von Hagens created Body Worlds, or Korperwelten in German.
"Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact" (1943), by Leo Kanner
Leo Kanner published Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact in 1943 in the journal Nervous Child. This article described the cases of eleven children with autism. Kanner described the behavior and upbringing of each child, aged two to eight, as well as the educational backgrounds of the children's.
The Meselson-Stahl Experiment (1957–1958), by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
In an experiment later named for them, Matthew Stanley Meselson and Franklin William Stahl in the US demonstrated during the 1950s the semi-conservative replication of DNA, such that each daughter DNA molecule contains one new daughter subunit and one subunit conserved from the parental DNA molecule. The researchers conducted the experiment at California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, California, from October 1957 to January 1958.
Subject: Processes, Experiments
Evaluation of the Newborn Infant--Second Report (1958), by Virginia Apgar et al.
Virginia Apgar and colleagues wrote “Evaluation of the Newborn Infant—Second Report” in 1958. This article explained that Apgar’s system for evaluating infants’ condition after birth accurately predicted the health of infants. Apgar had developed the scoring system in 1953 to provide a simple method for determining if an infant needed medical attention after birth.
Subject: Reproduction, Publications
Robert Geoffrey Edwards's Study of Fertilization of Human Oocytes Matured in vitro, 1965 to 1969
Robert Geoffrey Edwards, a British developmental biologist at University of Cambridge, began exploring human in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a way to treat infertility in 1960. After successfully overcoming the problem of making mammalian oocytes mature in vitro in 1965, Edwards began to experiment with fertilizing matured eggs in vitro. Collaborating with other researchers, Edwards eventually fertilized a human egg in vitro in 1969. This was a huge step towards establishing human IVF as a viable fertility treatment.
Subject: Experiments, Reproduction
Wilhelm August Oscar Hertwig (1849-1922)
Wilhelm August Oscar Hertwig contributed to embryology through his studies of cells in development and his discovery that only one spermatozoon is necessary to fertilize an egg. He was born 21 April 1849 to Elise Trapp and Carl Hertwig in Hessen, Germany. After his brother Richard was born the family moved to Muhlhausen in Thuringen where the boys were educated. The two brothers later attended the university in Jena from 1868 to 1888 and studied under Ernst Haeckel, who later convinced Hertwig to leave chemistry and pursue medicine.
"Proliferation, Differentiation and Degeneration in the Spinal Ganglia of the Chick Embryo under Normal and Experimental Conditions" (1949), by Viktor Hamburger and Rita Levi-Montalcini
In this paper Viktor Hamburger and Rita Levi-Montalcini collaborated to examine the effects of limb transplantation and explantation on neural development. In 1947 Hamburger invited Levi-Montalcini to his lab at Washington University in St. Louis to examine this question. Independently, each had previously arrived at opposing conclusions based on the same data.
Corticosteroids' Effect on Fetal Lung Maturation (1972), by Sir Graham Collingwood Liggins and Ross Howie
In a clinical trial from 1969 to 1972, Sir Graham Collingwood Liggins and Ross Howie showed that if doctors treat pregnant women with corticosteroids before those women deliver prematurely, then those women's infants have fewer cases of respiratory distress syndrome than do similarly premature infants of women not treated with corticosteroids. Prior to the study, premature infants born before 32 weeks of gestation often died of respiratory distress syndrome, or the inability to inflate immature lungs.
Meselson, Stahl, and the Replication of DNA: A History of "The Most Beautiful Experiment in Biology" (2001), by Frederic Lawrence Holmes
In 2001, Yale University Press published Frederic Lawrence Holmes' book, Meselson, Stahl, and the Replication of DNA: A History of "The Most Beautiful Experiment in Biology" (Replication of DNA), which chronicles the 1950s debate about how DNA replicates. That experiment verified that DNA replicates semi-conservatively as originally proposed by Watson and Crick. Rather than focusing solely on experiments and findings, Holmes's book presents the investigative processes of scientists studying DNA replication.
The Pasteur Institute (1887- )
L'Institut Pasteur (The Pasteur Institute) is a non-profit private research institution founded by Louis Pasteur on 4 June 1887 in Paris, France. The Institute's research focuses on the study of infectious diseases, micro-organisms, viruses, and vaccines. As of 2014, ten scientists have received Nobel Prizes in physiology or medicine for the research they have done at the Pasteur Institute.
"Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocytes" (1998), by James Thomson
After becoming chief pathologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin Regional Primate Center in 1995, James A. Thomson began his pioneering work in deriving embryonic stem cells from isolated embryos. That same year, Thomson published his first paper, "Isolation of a Primate Embryonic Stem Cell Line," in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, detailing the first derivation of primate embryonic stem cells. In the following years, Thomson and his team of scientists - Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor, Sander S. Shapiro, Michelle A.
Subject: Experiments, Publications
Epidermal growth factor is a signaling molecule that stimulates the growth of epidermal tissues during development and throughout life. Stanley Cohen discovered epidermal growth factor (EGF) during studies of nerve growth factor as a side effect of other experiments. EGF stimulates tissue growth by initiating a variety of cellular mechanisms. This work led to the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Cohen and Rita Levi-Montalcini.
Subject: Processes
"The Effects of Wing Bud Extirpation on the Development of the Central Nervous System in Chick Embryos" (1934), by Viktor Hamburger
German embryologist Viktor Hamburger came to the US in 1932 with a fellowship provided by the Rockefeller Foundation. Hamburger started his research in Frank Rattray Lillie's laboratory at the University of Chicago. His two-year work on the development of the central nervous system (CNS) in chick embryos was crystallized in his 1934 paper, "The Effects of Wing Bud Extirpation on the Development of the Central Nervous System in Chick Embryos," published in The Journal of Experimental Zoology.
Subject: Publications, Experiments
Golden Rice
Golden Rice was engineered from normal rice by Ingo Potrykus and Peter Beyer in the 1990s to help improve human health. Golden Rice has an engineered multi-gene biochemical pathway in its genome. This pathway produces beta-carotene, a molecule that becomes vitamin A when metabolized by humans. Ingo Potrykus worked at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, and Peter Beyer worked at University of Freiburg, in Freiburg, Germany. The US Rockefeller Foundation supported their collaboration.
Subject: Organisms, Legal
Hwang Woo-suk's Use of Human Eggs for Research 2002-2005
Hwang Woo-suk, a geneticist in South Korea, claimed in Science magazine in 2004 and 2005 that he and a team of researchers had for the first time cloned a human embryo and that they had derived eleven stem cell lines from it. Hwang was a professor at Seoul National University in Seoul, South Korea. In the Science articles, Hwang stated that all of the women who donated eggs to his laboratory were volunteers who donated their eggs (oocytes) without receiving any compensation in return. In 2006, Hwang admitted that many of the results were fabricated.
Subject: Legal, Ethics, Reproduction
"Altruism and the Origin of the Worker Caste" from The Ants (1990), by Bert Hölldobler and Edward Osborne Wilson
In 'Altruism and the Origin of the Worker Caste,' Bert Hölldobler and Edward Osborne Wilson explore the evolutionary origins of worker ants. 'Altruism and the Origin of the Worker Caste' is the fourth chapter of Hölldobler and Wilson's book, The Ants, which was published by The Belknap Press of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1990. In 'Altruism and the Origin of the Worker Caste,' Hölldobler and Wilson evaluate various explanations for how a non-reproductive caste of ant evolved.
Inducing Fertilization and Development in Sand Dollars
Sand dollars are common marine invertebrates in the phylum Echinodermata and share the same class (Echinoidea) as sea urchins. They have served as model laboratory organisms for such embryologists as Frank Rattray Lillie and Ernest Everett Just. Both Lillie and Just used Echinarachnius parma for their studies of egg cell membranes and embryo development at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in the early 1900s.
San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research
The San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research (SDZICR) in San Diego, California, is a research organization that works to generate, use, and share information for the conservation of wildlife and their habitats. In 1975, Kurt Benirschke, a researcher at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) who studied human and animal reproduction, and Charles Bieler, the director of the San Diego Zoo, collaborated to form the Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species (CRES).
"Predictors of Postpartum Depression: An Update” (2001), by Cheryl Tatano Beck
In her 2001 paper “Predictors of Postpartum Depression: An Update,” researcher Cheryl Tatano Beck presents the most common risk factors associated with postpartum depression in women. Postpartum depression occurs when women experience symptoms such as tearfulness, extreme mood changes, and loss of appetite for a lengthened period after giving birth. At the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Connecticut, nursing professor Beck updated a previous study of hers by analyzing literature about postpartum depression published in the 1990s.
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Experiments (53) Apply Experiments filter
Legal (39) Apply Legal filter
Graphics (3) Apply Graphics filter
Displaying 26 - 50 of 454 items.
"β-Catenin Defines Head Versus Tail Identity During Planarian Regeneration and Homeostasis" (2007), by Kyle A. Gurley, Jochen C. Rink, and Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado
Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado's laboratory group has employed molecular tools to investigate old questions about regeneration and as a result have identified some of the molecular mechanisms determining polarity. Recent work by his group has shown Wnt-β-catenin signaling determines whether a tail or a head will form during regeneration in planarians. This study was motivated by work Thomas Hunt Morgan conducted in the late nineteenth century.
"Contributions to the Development of the Embryo. On the Artificial Production of One of the First Two Blastomeres, and the Later Development (Postgeneration) of the Missing Half of the Body" (1888), by Wilhelm Roux
Wilhelm Roux was an influential figure in the early history of experimental embryology. Although he originally studied medicine, he was invited to be a Privatdozentur, or unsalaried lecturer, at the Anatomical Institute in Breslau (Wroclaw), Poland, in 1879. He spent the next ten years at this institute, working his way from Dozent to associate professor and finally, in 1889, to director for his own institute, Institut für Entwicklungsgeschichte, or Institute for Developmental History and Mechanics.
"The Limited In Vitro Lifetime of Human Diploid Cell Strains" (1964), by Leonard Hayflick
Leonard Hayflick in the US during the early 1960s showed that normal populations of embryonic cells divide a finite number of times. He published his results as 'The Limited In Vitro Lifetime of Human Diploid Cell Strains' in 1964. Hayflick performed the experiment with WI-38 fetal lung cells, named after the Wistar Institute, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where Hayflick worked. Frank MacFarlane Burnet, later called the limit in capacity for cellular division the Hayflick Limit in 1974.
"Gene Regulation for Higher Cells: A Theory" (1969), by Roy J. Britten and Eric H. Davidson
In 1969, Roy J. Britten and Eric H. Davidson published Gene Regulation for Higher Cells: A Theory, in Science. A Theory proposes a minimal model of gene regulation, in which various types of genes interact to control the differentiation of cells through differential gene expression. Britten worked at the Carnegie Institute of Washington in Washington, D.C., while Davidson worked at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. Their paper was an early theoretical and mechanistic description of gene regulation in higher organisms.
Roy John Britten (1919-2012)
Roy John Britten studied DNA sequences in the US in the second
half of the twentieth century, and he helped discover repetitive
elements in DNA sequences. Additionally, Britten helped propose
models and concepts of gene regulatory networks. Britten studied the
organization of repetitive elements and, analyzing data from the
Human Genome Project, he found that the repetitive elements in DNA
segments do not code for proteins, enzymes, or cellular parts.
Britten hypothesized that repetitive elements helped cause cells to
Conrad Hal Waddington (1905-1975)
Conrad Hal Waddington was an embryologist and theoretical biologist. His early experimental work investigated aspects of embryonic induction and the properties of the organizer first identified by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold, while his later studies focused on genetic assimilation. Waddington is probably best known for developing the concept of the epigenetic landscape, and he also held significant interest in many different areas ranging from the visual arts and poetry to philosophy.
Nightlight Christian Adoptions, et al. v. Thompson, et al. (2001)
Nightlight Christian Adoptions et al. v. Thompson et al. was a lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia on 8 March 2001. The suit was filed because Nightlight Christian Adoptions, a frozen embryo adoption agency, felt that the Guidelines for Research Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells published by the National Institutes for Health were unlawful and violated the restrictions on human embryo research put into place by the Dickey-Wicker Amendment. Additional plaintiffs with this suit were the Christian Medical Association, adult stem cell researcher Dr.
Subject: Legal, Reproduction
York v. Jones (1989)
In the case York v. Jones (1989), the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia was one of the first US courts to address a dispute over a cryopreserved preembryo. Steven York and Risa Adler-York (the Yorks), a married couple, provided their gametes to doctors who created the preembryo, which the court referred to as a pre-zygote, as part of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program at the Howard and Georgeanna Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine (Jones Institute) in Norfolk, Virginia.
Subject: Legal
John Craig Venter (1946- )
John Craig Venter helped map the genomes of humans, fruitflies, and other organisms in the US in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and he helped develop an organism with a synthetic genome. In February 2001, Venter and his team published a human genome sequence after using a technique known as Expressed Sequence Tags, or ESTs. Venter worked to bridge commercial investment with scientific research. Venter founded a number of private companies, including the for-profit Celera Genomics, headquartered in Alameda, California, as well as research institutes, such as the not-for-profit J.
David Wildt's Evolving Ethics Concerning the Roles of Wildlife Reproductive Sciences in Species Conservation
David Wildt is an animal reproductive biologist who directs the Conservation Biology Institute in Fort Royal, Virginia. In 1986, Wildt argued that artificial reproductive technologies should only be used for species conservation efforts if standard techniques to aid natural reproduction are not effective. Between 1986 and 2001, Wildt revised his views and values primarily in relation to two things: which methods captive breeding programs ought to use, and how reproductive scientists ought to contribute to the larger work of conservation.
Subject: Ethics
"Human Factor IX Transgenic Sheep Produced by Transfer of Nuclei from Transfected Fetal Fibroblasts" (1997), by Angelika E. Schnieke, et al.
In the 1990s, researchers working at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, performed cloning experiments in collaboration with PPL Therapeutics in Roslin, Scotland, on human coagulation factor IX, a protein. The team of scientists used the methods identified during the Dolly experiments to produce transgenic livestock capable of producing milk containing human blood clotting factor IX, which helps to treat a type of hemophilia.
Sir Graham Collingwood Liggins (1926-2010)
Sir Graham Collingwood Liggins devoted much of his professional life to obstetric research. Liggins demonstrated that hormones created by the fetus helped initiate labor, rather than hormones originating solely from the mother. Liggins also discovered that cortisol given to pregnant mothers helped delay premature labor, and that it increased the likelihood that premature infants would breathe normally after birth. Prior to cortisol treatment, premature infants often died of respiratory distress syndrome characterized by the inability to inflate immature lungs.
"How do Embryos Assess Risk? Vibrational Cues in Predator-Induced Hatching of Red-Eyed Treefrogs" (2005), by Karen Warkentin
In 'How do Embryos Assess Risk? Vibrational Cues in Predator-Induced Hatching of Red-Eyed Treefrogs' (2005), Karen Warkentin reported on experiments she conducted to see how red-eyed treefrog embryos, Agalychnis callidryas, can distinguish between vibrations due to predator attacks and other environmental occurrences, such as storms. Though the ability of red-eyed treefrogs to alter their hatch timing had been documented, the specific cues that induce early hatching were not well understood.
Subject: Experiments, Organisms
Beadle's One Gene-One Enzyme Hypothesis
Between 1934 and 1945, George Beadle developed a hypothesis that each gene within the chromosomes of organisms each produced one enzyme. Enzymes are types of proteins that can catalyze reactions inside cells, and the figure shows that each enzyme controls a stage in a series of biochemical reactions. The top box in this figure represents a normal process of enzyme production and biochemical reactions, and the bottom box shows how Beadle's experiments affected the normal biochemical process.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1890- )
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) is a non-profit research institution that specializes in cancer, neuroscience, plant biology, quantitative biology, and genomics. The organization is located on the shores of Cold Spring Harbor in Laurel Hollow, New York. The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences established the CSHL in 1890, to provide scientists with facilities to research Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory. The first mission of CSHL was biological science education.
"Transplantation of Living Nuclei from Blastula Cells into Enucleated Frogs' Eggs" (1952), by Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King
In 1952 Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King published their article, "Transplantation of Living Nuclei from Blastula Cells into Enucleated Frogs' Eggs," in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the culmination of a series of experiments conducted at the Institute for Cancer Research and Lankenau Hospital Research Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In this paper Briggs and King examined whether nuclei of embryonic cells are differentiated, and by doing so, were the first to conduct a successful nuclear transplantation with amphibian embryos.
Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado (1964- )
Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado is a Professor of Neurobiology and Anatomy at the University of Utah School of Medicine and is also a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. Born in Caracas, Venezuela, 24 February 1964, Sánchez Alvarado left his home to pursue education in the United States, where he received a Bachelor of Science in molecular biology and chemistry from Vanderbilt University in 1986 and a Doctorate in pharmacology and cell biophysics at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine in 1992.
"On the Permanent Life of Tissues outside of the Organism" (1912), by Alexis Carrel
'On the Permanent Life of Tissues outside of the Organism' reports Alexis Carrel's 1912 experiments on the maintenance of tissue in culture media. At the time, Carrel was a French surgeon and biologist working at the Rockefeller Institute in New York City. In his paper, Carrel reported that he had successfully maintained tissue cultures, which derived from connective tissues of developing chicks and other tissue sources, by serially culturing them.
Images of Embryos in Life Magazine in the 1950s
Embryonic images displayed in Life magazine during the mid-twentieth century serve as a representation of technological advances and the growing public interest in the stages of embryological development. These black-and-white photographs portray skeletal structures and intact bodies of chicken embryos and human embryos and fetuses obtained from collections belonging to universities and medical institutions.
Subject: Outreach, Publications, Reproduction
Studies in Spermatogenesis (1905), by Nettie Maria Stevens
Studies in Spermatogenesis is a two volume book written by Nettie Maria Stevens, and published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1905 and 1906. In the books Stevens explains the research she conducted on chromosomal sex determination in the sperm and egg cells of insect species while at Bryn Mawr College, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Studies in Spermatogenesis described early examples of chromosomal XY sex-determination.
Beadle and Ephrussi Show that Something Besides Eye Tissue Determines Eye Color in Fruit Flies
In the 1930s, George Beadle and Boris Ephrussi discovered factors that affect eye colors in developing fruit flies. They did so while working at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. (1) They took optic discs (colored fuchsia in the image) from fruit fly larvae in the third instar stage of development. Had the flies not been manipulated, they would have developed into adults with vermilion eyes.
Beadle and Ephrussi’s Technique to Transplant Optic Discs between Fruit Fly Larvae
In 1935, George Beadle and Boris Ephrussi developed a technique to transplant optic discs between fruit fly larvae. They developed it while at the California Institute of Technology in Pasedena, California. Optic discs are tissues from which the adult eyes develop. Beadle and Ephrussi used their technique to study the development of the eye and eye pigment. (1) The experimenter dissects a donor larva, which is in the third instar stage of development, and removes the optic disc (colored red) with a micropipette.
Subject: Technologies, Experiments, Organisms
Oregon State Board of Eugenics
In 1917 the Oregon State Legislature, in Salem, Oregon, passed a bill titled, 'To Prevent Procreation of Certain Classes in Oregon.' Passage of the bill created the Oregon State Board of Eugenics, an organization that presided over the forced sterilization of more than 2,600 Oregon residents from 1917 to 1981. In 1983, Legislation abolished the State Board of Eugenics, by that time called the Oregon State Board of Social Protection.
Subject: Organizations, Reproduction
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(-) Remove People filter People
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Displaying 1 - 25 of 1272 items.
Dana Louise Raphael (1926–2016)
Dana Louise Raphael was an anthropologist and breastfeeding advocate in the US during the twentieth century. After she was unable to breastfeed her own infant, Raphael began to research why breastfeeding was more common in other cultures than in the US. As part of that research, Raphael cofounded the Human Lactation Center, where she studied the breastfeeding habits of mothers around the world. Through that research, she coordinated with formula manufacturers to educate women on the benefits of breastfeeding and formula supplementation to reduce infant mortality in developing nations.
Julia Bell (1879-1979)
Julia Bell worked in twentieth-century Britain, discovered Fragile X Syndrome, and helped find heritable elements of other developmental and genetic disorders. Bell also wrote much of the five volume Treasury of Human Inheritance, a collection about genetics and genetic disorders. Bell researched until late in life, authoring an original research article on the effects of the rubella virus of fetal development (Congenital Rubella Syndrome) at the age of 80.
Lennart Nilsson (1922- )
Lennart Nilsson is a world-renowned photojournalist recognized for his exploratory images of the inside of the human body. Throughout his career, Nilsson has received a great deal of publicity for his images documenting the human reproductive system and the morphology of viruses. His photography was the first to capture early human development and the developmental stages of embryos and fetuses. These images have helped shape the way the public visualizes development.
Subject: People, Outreach, Reproduction
George Linius Streeter (1873-1948)
George Linius Streeter was born on 12 January 1873 in Johnstown, New York, to Hannah Green Anthony and George Austin Streeter. He completed his undergraduate studies at Union College in 1895 and received his MD degree from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University in 1899. At Columbia, Professor George S. Huntington sparked Streeter's interest in anatomy, and Streeter also interned at Roosevelt Hospital in New York City. He then went on to Albany to teach anatomy at the Albany Medical College and to work with neurologist Henry Hun.
Edmund Beecher Wilson (1856-1939)
Edmund Beecher Wilson contributed to cell biology, the study of cells, in the US during the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. His three editions of The Cell in Development and Inheritance (or Heredity) in 1896, 1900, and 1925 introduced generations of students to cell biology. In The Cell, Wilson described the evidence and theories of his time about cells and identified topics for future study. He helped show how each part of the cell works during cell division and in every step of early development of an organism.
Christiane Nusslein-Volhard (1942- )
Christiane Nusslein-Volhard studied how genes control embryonic development in flies and in fish in Europe during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. In the 1970s, Nusslein-Volhard focused her career on studying the genetic control of development in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In 1988, Nusslein-Volhard identified the first described morphogen, a protein coded by the gene bicoid in flies. In 1995, along with Eric F. Wieschaus and Edward B.
Wilhelm His, Sr. (1831-1904)
Wilhelm His, Sr. was born on 9 July 1831 in Basel, Switzerland, to Katharina La Roche and Eduard His. He began his medical studies at Basel in 1849 and later transferred to the University of Bern during the winter semester of 1849-1850. A year later, His arrived at the University of Berlin, where he studied under Johannes Müller and Robert Remak. For his clinical training, His attended the University of Würzburg from 1852-1853.
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921-2011)
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow co-developed the radioimmunoassay (RIA), a method used to measure minute biological compounds that cause immune systems to produce antibodies. Yalow and research partner Solomon A. Berson developed the RIA in the early 1950s at the Bronx Veterans Administration (VA) Hospital, in New York City, New York. Yalow and Berson's methods expanded scientific research, particularly in the medical field, and contributed to medical diagnostics. For this achievement, Yalow received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977.
Francis Sellers Collins (1950- )
Francis Sellers Collins helped lead the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, which helped describe the DNA sequence of the human genome by 2001, and he helped develop technologies used in molecular genetics while working in the US in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. He directed the US National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR), which became the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), located in Bethesda, Maryland, from 1993 to 2008.
Henry Havelock Ellis (1859-1939)
Henry Havelock Ellis was born on 2 February 1859 at Croydon in Surrey, England, to Susannah Wheatley Ellis and Edward Peppen Ellis, a sea captain. A psychologist, essayist, and physician, he is best known for his contributions to the study of human sexuality and his support of sex education and women's rights. Ellis 's work catalyzed the revolution against repressive Victorian views of sexuality.
Norman Haire (1892-1952)
Norman Haire was a physician who advocated for eugenics, which is the betterment of human population by promoting positive traits, and birth control rights in the twentieth century in both Australia and the UK. In the UK, Haire joined the Malthusian League, a contraception advocacy organization, and helped the League open the first physician-supervised birth control clinic, called Walworth Women’s Welfare Centre in London, England.
Ernest John Christopher Polge (1926-2006)
Twentieth-century researcher Ernest John Christopher Polge studied the reproductive processes of livestock and determined a method to successfully freeze, thaw, and utilize viable sperm cells to produce offspring in animals. In 1949, Polge identified glycerol as a cryoprotectant, or a medium that enables cells to freeze without damaging their cellular components or functions. Several years later, Polge used glycerol in a freezing process called vitrification, which enabled him to freeze poultry sperm, thaw that sperm, and use it to fertilize vertebrate embryos.
"The Development of the Pronephros during the Embryonic and Early Larval Life of the Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)" (1932), by Rachel L. Carson
Rachel L. Carson studied biology at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland and graduated in 1933 with an MA upon the completion of her thesis, The Development of the Pronephros during the Embryonic and Early Larval Life of the Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The research that Carson conducted for this thesis project grounded many of the claims and observations she presented in her 1962 book, Silent Spring.
Subject: People, Experiments, Publications
Walter Edward Dandy (1886-1946)
Walter Edward Dandy studied abnormalities in the developing human brain in the United States in the twentieth century. He collaborated with pediatrician Kenneth Blackfan to provide the first clinical description of Dandy-Walker Syndrome, a congenital brain malformation in which the medial part of the brain, called the cerebellar vermis, is absent. Dandy also described the circulation of cerebral spinal fluid, the clear, watery fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord.
Karl Oskar Illmensee (1939–)
Karl Oskar Illmensee studied the cloning and reproduction of fruit flies, mice, and humans in the US and Europe during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Illmensee used nuclear transfer techniques (cloning) to create early mouse embryos from adult mouse cells, a technique biologists used in later decades to help explain how embryonic cells function during development. In the early 1980s, Illmensee faced accusations of fraud when others were unable to replicate the results of his experiments with cloned mouse embryos.
Subject: People, People
Victor Ambros (1953-)
Victor Ambros is a professor of molecular medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, and he discovered the first microRNA (miRNA) in 1993. Ambros researched the genetic control of developmental timing in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans and he helped describe gene function and regulation during the worm’s development and embryogenesis. His discovery of miRNA marked the beginning of research into a form of genetic regulation found throughout diverse life forms from plants to humans. Ambros is a central figure in the miRNA and C.
Charles Robert Cantor (1942- )
Charles Robert Cantor helped sequence the human genome, and he developed methods to non-invasively determine the genes in human fetuses. Cantor worked in the US during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. His early research focused on oligonucleotides, small molecules of DNA or RNA. That research enabled the development of a technique that Cantor subsequently used to describe nucleotide sequences of DNA, a process called sequencing, in humans. Cantor was the principal scientist for the Human Genome Project, for which scientists sequenced the entirety of the human genome in 2003.
Gunther von Hagens (1945- )
Gunther von Hagens invented a plastination technique and created Body Worlds, a traveling exhibit that has made anatomy part of the public domain. Von Hagens invented the plastination technique in 1977 while working at Heidelberg University in Heidelberg, Germany. Von Hagen's plastination technique preserves real bodies and tissues by the removal of the fluid and replacement with resin. Body Worlds features three-dimensional, plastinated human bodies.
Mary-Claire King (1946– )
Mary-Claire King studied genetics in the US in the twenty-first century. King identified two genes associated with the occurrence of breast cancer, breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2). King showed that mutated BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes cause two types of reproductive cancer, breast and ovarian cancer. Because of King’s discovery, doctors can screen women for the inheritance of mutated BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes to evaluate their risks for breast and ovarian cancer.
Theophilus Shickel Painter (1889-1969)
Theophilus Shickel Painter studied the structure and
function of chromosomes in the US during in the early to mid-twentieth century. Painter worked at
the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. In the 1920s
and 1930s, Painter studied the chromosomes of the salivary gland
giant chromosomes of the fruit fly (Drosophila
melanogaster), with Hermann J. Muller. Muller and Painter
studied the ability of X-rays to cause changes in the chromosomes
of fruit flies. Painter also studied chromosomes in mammals.
Zhang Lizhu (1921- )
Zhang Lizhu is a Chinese gynecologist and researcher. For most of her career, she worked in the Peking Medical College Third Hospital, renamed in 2000, Peking University Third Hospital. There, she led a team of researchers and physicians in the study of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) technology. Zhang and her colleagues contributed to the birth of the first test-tube baby in Mainland China in 1988.
Anne Laura Dorinthea McLaren (1927-2007)
Anne Laura Dorinthea McLaren was a developmental biologist known for her work with embryology in the twentieth century. McLaren was the first researcher to grow mouse embryos outside of the womb. She experimented by culturing mouse eggs and successfully developing them into embryos, leading to advancements with in vitro fertilization.
Harald zur Hausen (1936–)
Harald zur Hausen studied viruses and discovered that certain strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease, can cause cervical cancer, in Europe during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Zur Hausen spent his research career identifying the viruses that cause diseases, particularly cancer-causing viruses (oncoviruses). He primarily focused on HPV and cervical cancer. Zur Hausen hypothesized that HPV was cancerous and discovered that two strains, HPV 16 and 18, caused cervical cancer.
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For other uses, see Mission (disambiguation).
A Christian mission is an organized effort to spread Christianity to new converts.[1] Missions involve sending individuals and groups, called missionaries, across boundaries, most commonly geographical boundaries, to carry on evangelism or other activities, such as educational or hospital work[2]. There are a few different kinds of mission trips: short-term, long-term, relational and ones meant simply for helping people in need. Some might choose to dedicate their whole lives to missions as well. Missionaries have the authority to preach the Christian faith (and sometimes to administer sacraments), and provide humanitarian aid. Christian doctrines (such as the "Doctrine of Love" professed by many missions) permit the provision of aid without requiring religious conversion.
History of Christian missionsEdit
Main article: Timeline of Christian missions
The earliest Christian mission, then, the Great Commission and Dispersion of the Apostles, was active within Second Temple Judaism. Whether a Jewish proselytism existed or not that would have served as a model for the early Christians is unclear, see Circumcision controversy in early Christianity#Jewish background for details. Soon, the expansion of the Christian mission beyond Judaism to those who were not Jewish became a contested issue, notably at the Council of Jerusalem. The Apostle Paul was an early proponent of this expansion, and contextualized the Christian message for the Greek and Roman cultures, allowing it to reach beyond its Hebrew and Jewish roots.
From Late Antiquity onward, much missionary activity was carried out by members of religious orders. Monasteries followed disciplines and supported missions, libraries, and practical research, all of which were perceived as works to reduce human misery and suffering and glorify the Christian God. For example, Nestorian communities evangelized parts of Central Asia, as well as Tibet, China, and India.[3] Cistercians evangelized much of Northern Europe, as well as developing most of European agriculture's classic techniques. St Patrick evangelized many in Ireland. St David was active in Wales.
During the Middle Ages, Ramon Llull (c. 1232 – c. 1315) advanced the concept of preaching to Muslims and converting them to Christianity by means of non-violent argument.[4] A vision for large-scale mission to Muslims would die with him, not to be revived until the 19th Century.
Additional events can be found at the timeline of Christian missions.
MedievalEdit
During the Middle Ages Christian monasteries and missionaries such as Saint Patrick, and Adalbert of Prague propagated learning and religion beyond the boundaries of the old Roman Empire. In the seventh century Gregory the Great sent missionaries, including Augustine of Canterbury, into England. The Hiberno-Scottish mission began in 563.
In the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, Franciscans such as William of Rubruck, John of Montecorvino, and Giovanni ed' Magnolia were sent as missionaries to the Near and Far East. Their travels took them as far as China in an attempt to convert the advancing Mongols, especially the Great Khans of the Mongol Empire. (Also see Medieval Roman Catholic Missions in China.)
Catholic missions after 1492Edit
Main article: Catholic missions
One of the main goals of the Christopher Columbus expedition financed by Queen Isabella of Spain was to spread Christianity. During the Age of Discovery, Spain and Portugal established many missions in their American and Asian colonies. The most active orders were the Jesuits, Augustinians, Franciscans and Dominicans. The Portuguese sent missions into Africa. These are some of the most well-known missions in history. While some of these missions were associated with imperialism and oppression, others (notably Matteo Ricci's Jesuit mission to China) were relatively peaceful and focused on integration rather than cultural imperialism.
In both Portugal and Spain, religion was an integral part of the state and evangelization was seen as having both secular and spiritual benefits. Wherever these powers attempted to expand their territories or influence, missionaries would soon follow. By the Treaty of Tordesillas, the two powers divided the world between them into exclusive spheres of influence, trade and colonization. The proselytization of Asia became linked to Portuguese colonial policy.
Catholic missions in AsiaEdit
Portuguese trade with Asia rapidly proved profitable from 1499 onwards, and as Jesuits arrived in India around 1540, the colonial government in Goa supported the mission with incentives for baptized Christians. Later, the Church sent Jesuits to China (1552 onwards) and to other countries in Asia.[5][6]
Protestant missionsEdit
The Reformation unfolded in Europe in the early 16th century. For over a hundred years, occupied by their struggle with the Catholic Church, the early Protestant churches as a body were not strongly focused on missions to "heathen" lands.[7] Instead, the focus was initially more on Christian lands in the hope to spread the Protestant faith, identifying the papacy with the Antichrist.[8]
In the centuries that followed, Protestant churches began sending out missionaries in increasing numbers, spreading the proclamation of the Christian message to previously unreached people. In North America, missionaries to the Native Americans included Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758), the well-known preacher of the Great Awakening (ca 1731–1755), who in his later years retired from the very public life of his early career. He became a missionary to the Housatonic Native Americans (1751) and a staunch advocate for them against cultural imperialism.[8]
As European culture has been established in the midst of indigenous peoples, the cultural distance between Christians of differing cultures has been difficult to overcome.[clarification needed] One early solution was the creation of segregated "praying towns" of Christian natives. This pattern of grudging acceptance of converts played out again later in Hawaii when missionaries from that same[which?] New England culture went there. In the course of the Spanish colonization of the Americas, the Catholic missionaries learned the languages of the Amerindians and devised writing systems for them. Then they preached to indigenous people in those languages (Quechua, Guarani, Nahuatl) instead of Spanish, to keep Indians away from "sinful" whites. An extreme case of segregation occurred in the Guarani Reductions, a theocratic semi-independent region established by the Jesuits in the region of the future Paraguay between the early 17th century and 1767.
From 1732 onwards the Moravian Church began sending out missionaries.
Around 1780, an indigent Baptist cobbler named William Carey began reading about James Cook's travels voyages in Polynesia. His interest grew to a furious sort of "backwards homesickness", inspiring him to obtain Baptist orders, and eventually to write his famous 1792 pamphlet, "An Enquiry into the Obligation of Christians to use Means for the Conversion of Heathen". Far from a dry book of theology, Carey's work used the best available geographic and ethnographic data to map and count the number of people who had never heard the Gospel. It inspired a movement that has grown with increasing speed from his day to the present.[citation needed]
In the United States, the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) was chartered in 1812.
Protestant missionaries from the Anglican and Lutheran and Presbyterian traditions starting arriving in what was then the Ottoman Empire in the first half of the 19th Century. This eventually let to the creation of what are today the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land and the see of the Anglican Bishop in Jerusalem.[9] Furthermore, it was during this time that the Christian and Missionary Alliance started their missionary activity in Jerusalem.[10]
American "Hard-shell Baptists", "Anti-Mission Baptists", or "Old School Baptists" adhering to strict Calvinism rejected all mission boards, Bible tract societies, and temperance societies as nonbiblical. The mainstream of the Baptist denomination, however, supported missionary work.
Thomas Coke, (1747–1814) the first bishop of the American Methodists, was "the Father of Methodist Missions". After spending time in the newly formed United States of America strengthening the infant Methodist Church alongside Episcopal colleague Francis Asbury, the British-born Coke left for mission work. During his time in America, Coke worked vigorously to increase Methodist support of Christian missions and of raising up mission workers. Coke died while on a mission trip to India, but his legacy among Methodists – his passion for missions – continues.
ChinaEdit
Missionary preaching in China using The Wordless Book
A wave of missions, starting in the early 1850s, targeted inland areas, led by Hudson Taylor (1832–1905) with his China Inland Mission (1865– ). Taylor was later supported by Henry Grattan Guinness (1835–1910) who founded (1883) Cliff College, which continues as of 2014[update] to train and equip for local and global mission.
The missions inspired by Taylor and Guinness have collectively been called[by whom?] "faith missions" and owe much to the ideas and example of Anthony Norris Groves (1795–1853). Taylor, a thorough-going nativist, offended the missionaries of his era by wearing Chinese clothing and speaking Chinese at home. His books, speaking, and examples led to the formation of numerous inland missions and of the Student Volunteer Movement (SVM, founded in 1886), which from 1850 to about 1950 sent nearly 10,000 missionaries to inland areas, often at great personal sacrifice. Many early SVM missionaries traveling to areas with endemic tropical diseases left with their belongings packed in a coffin, aware that 80% of them would die within two years.
British EmpireEdit
In the 18th century, and even more so in the 19th century, missionaries based in Britain saw the Empire as a fertile field for proselytizing for Christianity. All the main denominations were involved, including the Church of England, the Presbyterians of Scotland, and the Nonconformists. Much of the enthusiasm emerged from the Evangelical revival. Within the Church of England, the Church Mission Society (CMS) originated in 1799[11] and went on to undertake activity all around the world, including in what became known as "the Middle East".[12][13]
Before the American Revolution, Anglican and Methodist missionaries were active in the 13 Colonies. The Methodists, led by George Whitefield, were the most successful and after the revolution and entirely distinct American Methodist denomination emerged that became the largest Protestant denomination in the new United States.[14] A major problem for colonial officials was the demand of the Church of England to set up an American bishop; this was strongly opposed by most of the Americans had never happened. Increasingly colonial officials took a neutral position on religious matters, even in those colonies such as Virginia where the Church of England was officially established, but in practice controlled by laymen in the local vestries. After the Americans broke free, British officials decided to enhance the power and wealth of the Church of England in all the settler colonies, especially British North America (Canada).[15]
Missionary societies funded their own operations that were not supervised or directed by the Colonial Office. Tensions emerged between the missionaries and the colonial officials. The latter feared that missionaries might stir up trouble or encourage the natives to challenge colonial authority. In general, colonial officials were much more comfortable with working with the established local leadership, including the native religions, rather than introducing the divisive force of Christianity. This proved especially troublesome in India, were very few local elites were attracted to Christianity. In Africa, especially, the missionaries made many converts. Of the 21st century there were more Anglicans in Nigeria than in England.[16][17]
Missionaries increasingly came to focus on education, medical help, and long-term modernization of the native personality to inculcate European middle-class values. They established schools and medical clinics. Christian missionaries played a public role, especially in promoting sanitation and public health. Many were trained as physicians, or took special courses in public health and tropical medicine at Livingstone College, London.[18]
After 1870Edit
By the 1870s Protestant missions around the world generally acknowledged the long-term material goal was the formation of independent, self-governing, self-supporting, self-propagating churches. The rise of nationalism in the Third World provoked challenges from critics who complained that the missionaries were teaching Western ways, and ignoring the indigenous culture. The Boxer Rebellion in China in 1898 involved very large scale attacks on Christian missions and their converts. The First World War diverted resources, and pulled most Germans out of missionary work when that country lost its empire. The worldwide Great Depression of the 1930s was a major blow to funding mission activities.[19]
In 1910, the Edinburgh Missionary Conference was presided over by active SVM and YMCA leader (and future Nobel Peace Prize recipient) John R. Mott, an American Methodist layperson, the conference reviewed the state of evangelism, Bible translation, mobilization of church support, and the training of indigenous leadership.[20] Looking to the future, conferees worked on strategies for worldwide evangelism and cooperation. The conference not only established greater ecumenical cooperation in missions, but also essentially launched the modern ecumenical movement.
The next wave of missions was started by two missionaries, Cameron Townsend and Donald McGavran, around 1935. These men realized that although earlier missionaries had reached geographic areas, there were numerous ethnographic groups that were isolated by language, or class from the groups that missionaries had reached. Cameron formed Wycliffe Bible Translators to translate the Bible into native languages. McGavran concentrated on finding bridges to cross the class and cultural barriers in places like India, which has upwards of 4,600 peoples, separated by a combination of language, culture, and caste. Despite democratic reforms, caste and class differences are still fundamental in many cultures.
An equally important dimension of missions strategy is the indigenous method of nationals reaching their own people. In Asia this wave of missions was pioneered by men like Dr G. D. James of Singapore,[21] Rev Theodore Williams of India[22] and Dr David Cho of Korea. The "two thirds missions movement" as it is referred to, is today a major force in missions.
Most modern missionaries and missionary societies have repudiated cultural imperialism, and elected to focus on spreading the gospel and translating the Bible.[citation needed] Sometimes, missionaries have been vital in preserving and documenting the culture of the peoples among whom they live.
Often, missionaries provide welfare and health services, as a good deed or to make friends with the locals. Thousands of schools, orphanages, and hospitals have been established by missions. One service provided by missionaries was the Each one, teach one literacy program begun by Dr. Frank Laubach in the Philippines in 1935. The program has since spread around the world and brought literacy to the least enabled members of many societies.[citation needed]
During this period missionaries, especially evangelical and Pentecostal missionaries, witnessed a substantial increase in the number of conversions of Muslims to Christianity.[23] In an interview published in 2013 a leader of a key missionary agency focused on Muslims claimed that the world is living in a "day of salvation for Muslims everywhere."[24]
The word "mission" was historically often applied to the building, the "mission station" in which the missionary lives or works. In some colonies, these mission stations became a focus of settlement of displaced or formerly nomadic people. Particularly in rural Australia, missions have become localities or ghettoes on the edges of towns which are home to many Indigenous Australians. The word may be seen as derogatory when used in this context.
Contemporary concepts of missionEdit
Sending and receiving nationsEdit
Major nations not only send and fund missionaries abroad, but also receive them from other countries. In 2010, the United States sent out 127,000 missionaries, while 32,400 came to the United States. Brazil was second, sending out 34,000, and receiving 20,000. France sent out 21,000 and received 10,000. Britain sent out 15,000 and received 10,000. India sent out 10,000 and received 8000. Other major exporters included Spain at 21,000 sent out, Italy at 20,000, South Korea at 20,000, Germany at 14,000, and Canada at 8,500. Large recipient nations included Russia, receiving 20,000; Congo receiving 15,000; South Africa, 12,000; Argentina, 10,000; and Chile, 8,500. The largest sending agency in the United States was the Southern Baptist Convention, with 4,800 missionaries, plus 450 support staff working inside the United States. The annual budget is about $50,000 per year per missionary. In recent years, however, the Southern Baptist foreign missionary operation (the International Mission Board) has operated at a deficit, and it is cutting operations by 15 percent. It is encouraging older missionaries to retire and return to the United States.[25]
Modern missionary methods and doctrines among conservative ProtestantsEdit
The Lausanne Congress of 1974, birthed a movement that supports evangelical mission among non-Christians and nominal Christians. It regards "mission" as that which is designed "to form a viable indigenous church-planting and world changing movement." This definition is motivated by a theologically imperative theme of the Bible to make God known, as outlined in the Great Commission. The definition is claimed to summarize the acts of Jesus' ministry, which is taken as a model motivation for all ministries.
This Christian missionary movement seeks to implement churches after the pattern of the first century Apostles. The process of forming disciples is necessarily social. "Church" should be understood in the widest sense, as a body of believers of Christ rather than simply a building. In this view, even those who are already culturally Christian must be "evangelized".
Church planting by cross-cultural missionaries leads to the establishment of self-governing, self-supporting and self-propagating communities of believers. This is the famous "three-self" formula formulated by Henry Venn of the London Church Missionary Society in the 19th century. Cross-cultural missionaries are persons who accept church-planting duties to evangelize people outside their culture, as Christ commanded in the Great Commission (Matthew 28:18–20, Mark 16:15–18).
The objective of these missionaries is to give an understandable presentation of their beliefs with the hope that people will choose to following the teaching of Jesus Christ and live their lives as His disciples. As a matter of strategy, many evangelical Christians around the world now focus on what they call the "10/40 window", a band of countries between 10 and 40 degrees north latitude and reaching from western Africa through Asia. Christian missions strategist Luis Bush pinpointed the need for a major focus of evangelism in the "10/40 Window", a phrase he coined in his presentation at the missionary conference Lausanne 1989 in Manila. Sometimes referred to as the "Resistant Belt", it is an area that includes 35% of the world's land mass, 90% of the world's poorest peoples and 95% of those who have yet to hear anything about Christianity.
Modern mission techniques are sufficiently refined that within ten to fifteen years, most indigenous churches are locally pastored, managed, taught, self-supporting and evangelizing. The process can be substantially faster if a preexisting translation of the Bible and higher pastoral education are already available, perhaps left over from earlier, less effective missions.
One strategy is to let indigenous cultural groups decide to adopt Christian doctrines and benefits, when (as in most cultures) such major decisions are normally made by groups. In this way, opinion leaders in the groups can persuade much or most of the groups to convert. When combined with training in discipleship, church planting and other modern missionary doctrine, the result is an accelerating, self-propelled conversion of large portions of the culture.
A typical modern mission is a co-operative effort by many different ministries, often including several coordinating ministries, such as the Faith2Share network, often with separate funding sources. One typical effort proceeded as follows:
A missionary radio group recruits, trains and broadcasts in the main dialect of the target culture's language. Broadcast content is carefully adapted to avoid syncretism yet help the Christian Gospel seem like a native, normal part of the target culture. Broadcast content often includes news, music, entertainment and education in the language, as well as purely Christian items.
Broadcasts might advertise programs, inexpensive radios (possibly spring-wound), and a literature ministry that sells a Christian mail-order correspondence course at nominal costs. The literature ministry is key, and is normally a separate organization from the radio ministry. Modern literature missions are shifting to web-based content where it makes sense (as in Western Europe and Japan).
When a person or group completes a correspondence course, they are invited to contact a church-planting missionary group from (if possible) a related cultural group. The church-planting ministry is usually a different ministry from either the literature or radio ministries. The church-planting ministry usually requires its missionaries to be fluent in the target language, and trained in modern church-planting techniques.
The missionary then leads the group to start a church. Churches planted by these groups are usually a group that meets in a house. The object is the minimum organization that can perform the required character development and spiritual growth. Buildings, complex ministries and other expensive items are mentioned, but deprecated until the group naturally achieves the size and budget to afford them. The crucial training is how to become a Christian (by faith in Jesus Christ) and then how to set up a church (meet to study the Bible, and perform communion and worship), usually in that order.
A new generation of churches is created, and the growth begins to accelerate geometrically. Frequently, daughter churches are created only a few months after a church's creation. In the fastest-growing Christian movements, the pastoral education is "pipelined", flowing in a just-in-time fashion from the central churches to daughter churches. That is, planting of churches does not wait for the complete training of pastors.
The most crucial part of church planting is selection and training of leadership. Classically, leadership training required an expensive stay at a seminary, a Bible college. Modern church planters deprecate this because it substantially slows the growth of the church without much immediate benefit. Modern mission doctrines replace the seminary with programmed curricula or (even less expensive) books of discussion questions, and access to real theological books. The materials are usually made available in a major trading language in which most native leaders are likely to be fluent. In some cases, the materials can be adapted for oral use.
It turns out that new pastors' practical needs for theology are well addressed by a combination of practical procedures for church planting, discussion in small groups, and motivated Bible-based study from diverse theological texts. As a culture's church's wealth increases, it will naturally form classic seminaries on its own.
Another related mission is Bible translation. The above-mentioned literature has to be translated. Missionaries actively experiment with advanced linguistic techniques to speed translation and literacy. Bible translation not only speeds a church's growth by aiding self-training, but it also assures that Christian information becomes a permanent part of the native culture and literature. Some ministries also use modern recording techniques to reach groups with audio that could not be soon reached with literature.
Among Roman CatholicsEdit
For Catholics, “Missions” is the term given to those particular undertakings by which the heralds of the Gospel, sent out by the Church and going forth into the whole world, carry out the task of preaching the Gospel and planting the Church among peoples or groups who do not yet believe in Christ.[26]
Vatican II made a deep impact on Catholic missions around the world. The Church's relations to non-Christian religions like Judaism and Islam were revisited.
A steep decline in the number of people entering the priesthood and religious life in the West has made the Church look towards laity more and more. Communities like Opus Dei arose to meet this need.
Inculturation increasingly became a key topic of missiological reflection for Catholics. Inculturation is understood as the meeting of the Christian message with a community in their cultural context.
Liberation Theology and liturgical reform have also been important in forming and influencing the mission of the Catholic Church in the 20th and 21st Centuries.
In relation to mission, Pope Benedict XVI made the re-evangelization of Europe and North America a priority in his own ministry,[27] even while the upper leadership of the Roman Catholic hierarchy and the college of cardinals has more members from Latin America, Africa, and Asia than ever before.[28]
Key documents on mission for Catholics during this period are Evangelii nuntiandi by Pope Paul VI and Redemptoris missio by Pope John Paul II.
Publishing of books as missionEdit
Christian mission organisations have long depended on the printed word as a channel through which to do mission. At times when countries have been "closed" to Christians, great efforts have been made to smuggle Bibles and other literature into those countries. Brother Andrew, the founder of Open Doors, started smuggling Bibles into communist countries in the 1950s.[29] Operation Mobilisation was established in 1957 by George Verwer.[30] Other Christian publishers, such as Plough Publishing, provide free books to people in the UK and US as a form of mission.[31] The Bible Society translates and prints Bibles, in an attempt to reach every country in the world.[32]
Podcasting as missionEdit
The internet now provides Christian mission organisations a convent way of reaching people in the form of podcasts. Podcasts provide a way of dissemination for a message that has potential to endanger the recipient, since it is very hard to track who has downloaded a specific podcast. An example of this is the Crescent Project.[33] Other podcasts, such as the Life Together podcast[34], The Sacred, and Harvest are aimed at both non-Christians and Christians in the home country.[35]
CriticismEdit
See also: Rice Christian
WesternizationEdit
Objections to missionary work among isolated, indigenous populations involve the claim that the goal of mission is to Westernize them. Such claims have been raised by indigenous rights groups organizations, such as Friends of Peoples Close to Nature and Survival International.
Communicating diseasesEdit
The Europeans contact with indigenous since 1492 has killed 100 million from the imported diseases to which tribes had no immunity.[36] Missionaries, along with other travelers, brought diseases into local populations. Smallpox, measles, even the common cold, have been blamed on their arrivals.[37] David Igler of the University of California, Irvine, includes missionary activity as a cause of spreading germs. However, he says that commercial traders were the main agents of disease.
... other diseases arrived on non-commercial voyages; missionary activities certainly spread germs, and Spanish conquests had dispersed deadly germs in parts of the Americas and Pacific prior to the late eighteenth century. Yet, for the period between the 1770s and the 1840s, trading vessels were the main agents of disease, creating in the Pacific what Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie has called a "paroxysm" of the "microbian unification of the world." By 1850, the microbes of Europe, Asia, and Africa circulated in almost every Pacific population.[38]
Statistical patternsEdit
Political scientist Robert Woodberry uses statistics to argue that conversionary Protestants were a crucial catalyst in spreading religious liberty, education, and democracy. He shows that statistically the prevalence of such missionaries account for half of the variance in democracy in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Oceania.[39] In a 2014 Christianity Today article, he remarks, "Areas where Protestant missionaries had a significant presence in the past are on average more economically developed today, with comparatively better health, lower infant mortality, lower corruption, greater literacy, higher educational attainment (especially for women), and more robust membership in nongovernmental associations."[40]
Controversy and Christian missionariesEdit
“ "This proselytization will mean no peace in the world. Conversions are harmful to India. If I had the power and could legislate I should certainly stop all proselytizing ... It pains me to have to say that the Christian missionaries as a body, with honorable exceptions, have actively supported a system which has impoverished, enervated and demoralized a people considered to be among the gentlest and most civilized on earth".[41] ”
In India, Hindu organisations such as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh assert that most conversions undertaken by zealous evangelicals occur due to compulsion, inducement or fraud.[42] In the Indian state of Tripura, the government has alleged financial and weapons-smuggling connections between Baptist missionaries and rebel groups such as the National Liberation Front of Tripura.[43] The accused Tripura Baptist Christian Union is a member body of the Baptist World Alliance.[44]
"In mid-May, the Vatican was also co-sponsoring a meeting about how some religious groups abuse liberties by proselytizing, or by evangelizing in aggressive or deceptive ways. Iraq ... has become an open field for foreigners looking for fresh converts. Some Catholic Church leaders and aid organizations have expressed concern about new Christian groups coming in and luring Iraqis to their churches with offers of cash, clothing, food or jobs.... Reports of aggressive proselytism and reportedly forced conversions in mostly Hindu India have fueled religious tensions and violence there and have prompted some regional governments to pass laws banning proselytism or religious conversion.... Sadhvi Vrnda Chaitanya, a Hindu monk from southern India, told CNS that India's poor and uneducated are especially vulnerable to coercive or deceptive methods of evangelization.... Aid work must not hide any ulterior motives and avoid exploiting vulnerable people like children and the disabled, she said."[45]
In an interview with Outlook Magazine, Sadhvi Vrnda Chaitanya said "If the Vatican could understand that every religious and spiritual tradition is as sacred as Christianity, and that they have a right to exist without being denigrated or extinguished, it will greatly serve the interests of dialogue, mutual respect, and peaceful coexistence."[46]
Aid and evangelismEdit
While there is a general agreement among most major aid organizations not to mix aid with proselyting, others see disasters as a useful opportunity to spread the word. One such an occurrence was the tsunami that devastated parts of Asia on December 26, 2004.[47]
"This (disaster) is one of the greatest opportunities God has given us to share his love with people," said K.P. Yohannan, president of the Texas-based Gospel for Asia. In an interview, Yohannan said his 14,500 "native missionaries" in India, Sri Lanka and the Andaman Islands are giving survivors Bibles and booklets about "how to find hope in this time through the word of God." In Krabi, Thailand, a Southern Baptist church had been "praying for a way to make inroads" with a particular ethnic group of fishermen, according to Southern Baptist relief coordinator Pat Julian. Then came the tsunami, "a phenomenal opportunity" to provide ministry and care, Julian told the Baptist Press news service.... Not all evangelicals agree with these tactics. "It's not appropriate in a crisis like this to take advantage of people who are hurting and suffering", said the Rev. Franklin Graham, head of Samaritan's Purse and son of evangelist Billy Graham."[48]
The Christian Science Monitor echoes these concerns... "'I think evangelists do this out of the best intentions, but there is a responsibility to try to understand other faith groups and their culture,' says Vince Isner, director of FaithfulAmerica.org, a program of the National Council of Churches USA."[49]
The Bush administration has made it easier for U.S. faith-based groups and missionary societies to tie aid and church together.
For decades, US policy has sought to avoid intermingling government programs and religious proselytizing. The aim is both to abide by the Constitution's prohibition against a state religion and to ensure that aid recipients don't forgo assistance because they don't share the religion of the provider.... But many of those restrictions were removed by Bush in a little-noticed series of executive orders – a policy change that cleared the way for religious groups to obtain hundreds of millions of dollars in additional government funding. It also helped change the message American aid workers bring to many corners of the world, from emphasizing religious neutrality to touting the healing powers of the Christian God.[50]
Christian counter-claimsEdit
Missionaries say that the government in India has passed anti-conversion laws in several states that are supposedly meant to prevent conversions from "force or allurement," but are primarily used, they say, to persecute and criminalize voluntary conversion due to the government's broad definition of "force and allurement." Any gift received from a Christian in exchange for, or with the intention of, conversion is considered allurement. Voice of the Martyrs reports that aid-workers claim that they are being hindered from reaching people with much needed services as a result of this persecution.[51] Alan de Lastic, Roman Catholic archbishop of New Delhi states that claims of forced conversion are false.[52]
"'There are attacks practically every week, maybe not resulting in death, but still, violent attacks,' Richard Howell, general secretary of the Evangelical Fellowship of India tells The Christian Science Monitor today. 'They [India's controlling BJP party] have created an atmosphere where minorities do feel insecure.'"[53] According to Prakash Louis, director of the secular Indian Social Institute in New Delhi, "We are seeing a broad attempt to stifle religious minorities and their constitutional rights...Today, they say you have no right to convert, Tomorrow you have no right to worship in certain places."[54] Existing congregations, often during times of worship, are being persecuted.[55] Properties are sometimes destroyed and burnt to the ground, while native pastors are sometimes beaten and left for dead.[56][57][58][59][60][61][62]
Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery
Catholic missions
Christianization
Emmanuel Community
Fidesco International
List of Protestant missionary societies
List of Christian missionaries
Mission (LDS Church)
Missional living
Missionary (LDS Church)
Neil Thomas Ministries
Proselytism
Religious conversion
Short-term mission
Timeline of Christian missions
^ "Mission". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
^ https://www.dictionary.com/browse/missionary
^ Jenkins, Philip (2008). The Lost History of Christianity: The Thousand Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia —and How It Died.
^ Bridger, J. Scott (February 2009). "Raymond Lull: Medieval Theologian, Philosopher, and Missionary to Muslims" (PDF). St Francis Magazine. 5 (1): 1–25. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
^ Liam Matthew Brockey, Journey to the east: The Jesuit mission to China, 1579–1724 (Harvard University Press, 2009)
^ Županov, Ines G. (2005). Missionary Tropics: The Catholic Frontier in India (16th–17th centuries). University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-472-11490-0.
^ Roy, Olivier (2010). Holy Ignorance. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 48–56. ISBN 978-0-231-70126-6.
^ a b Walls, Andrew F. (November 2016). "Eschatology and the Western Missionary Movement". Studies in World Christianity. 22 (3): 182–200. doi:10.3366/swc.2016.0155.
^ Miller, Duane Alexander (December 2007). "The Installation of a Bishop in Jerusalem". Anglican and Episcopal History. 76 (4): 549–554. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
^ Miller, Duane Alexander (June 2010). "Renegotiating the Boundaries of Evangelicalism in Jerusalem's Christian Quarter". Anglican and Episcopal History. 79 (2): 185–188. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
^ Ward, Kevin (2006). A History of Global Anglicanism. New York: Cambridge U Press. p. 34.
^ Susan Thorne (1999). Congregational Missions and the Making of an Imperial Culture in Nineteenth-Century England. Stanford University Press, ch 1. ISBN 9780804765442.
^ Andrew Porter, Religion versus Empire?: British Protestant Missionaries and Overseas Expansion, 1700–1914 (2004)
^ Mark A. Noll, The Rise of Evangelicalism: The Age of Edwards, Whitefield and the Wesleys (2010).
^ Andrew Porter, "Religion, Missionary Enthusiasm, and Empire," in Porter, ed., Oxford History of the British Empire (1999) vol 3 pp 223–24.
^ Norman Etherington, ed. Missions and Empire (Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series) (2008)
^ Porter, "Religion, Missionary Enthusiasm, and Empire," (1999) vol 3 ch 11
^ Ryan Johnson, "Colonial Mission and Imperial Tropical Medicine: Livingstone College, London, 1893–1914," Social History of Medicine (2010) 23#3 pp 549–566.
^ Erwin Fahlbusch, ed. The Encyclopedia of Christianity (1999) 1:301, 416–7
^ Gairdner, Temple (1910). Echoes from Edinburgh 1910. London: Anderson & Ferrier.
^ James-Nathan, Violet (2000). "One". In Jonathan James and Malcolm Tan (ed.). That Asia May Know: Perspectives on Missions in Asia (40th Anniversary Commemorative ed.). Asia Evangelistic Fellowship International. pp. 8–43. ISBN 978-0-646-39763-4.
^ "Indian Evangelical Mission". Retrieved 1 February 2014.
^ Miller, Duane Alexander (February 2010). "Woven in the Weakness of the Changing Body: the Genesis of World Islamic Christianity" (PDF). CTFC. 2. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
^ Blincoe, Bob; Duane Alexander Miller (January 2013). "The Day of Salvation for Muslims Everywhere: an interview with Bob Blincoe". Global Missiology. 10 (2). Retrieved 7 January 2013.
^ Tamara Audi, "Cash-Strapped Missionaries Get a New Calling: Home—Years of overspending to support Southern Baptist missionary work has led to budget crunch," Wall Street Journal 25 October, 2015.
^ Decree on the Mission Activity of the Church: Ad Gentes. (Para. 6) In Vatican II Documents, (1965), Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
^ Edwards, Tito (June 2010). "Benedict Opens New Evangelization of Europe and America Office". The American Catholic. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
^ Palmo, Rocco. "B16's October Surprise". Retrieved 18 January 2013.
^ Ireland, Open Doors UK &. "Open Doors history". www.opendoorsuk.org. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
^ Mobilisation, Operation. "About Operation Mobilisation". Operation Mobilisation. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
^ "About Us". Plough. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
^ "Home". www.biblesociety.org.uk. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
^ "Podcast — Crescent Project". Crescent Project. Retrieved 2018-11-22.
^ "Bruderhof Communities". SoundCloud. Retrieved 2018-11-22.
^ "Podcasts - Harvest: Greg Laurie". Harvest: Greg Laurie. Retrieved 2018-11-22.
^ Is It Ethical to Leave Uncontacted Tribes Alone?, Time (magazine), 4 June 2015.
^ Witmer, A. C. (September 1885). "The Islands of the Sea". The Gospel in All Lands. New York, NY: Methodist Episcopal Church Mission Society: 437. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
^ Igler, David (June 2004). "Diseased Goods: Global Exchanges in the Eastern Pacific Basin, 1770–1850". The American Historical Review. Chicago, Illinois: American Historical Association. 109 (3): 693–719. doi:10.1086/530552. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
^ Robert D. Woodberry, "The missionary roots of liberal democracy," American Political Science Review 106.2 (2012): 244–274 / online
^ "Missions: Rescuing from Hell and Renewing the World". 2014-01-13.
^ The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi Volume 24, p. 476 Note: This quote isn't in this volume. In fact the volume only contains 474 pages; volume 64 p.20 has the first sentence only:This proselytization will mean no peace in the world
^ Why Anti-Conversion Law needed
^ Subir Bhaumik (18 April 2000). "Church backing Tripura rebels". BBC News. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
^ [1] Archived April 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^ Carol Glatz (May 19, 2006). "Legislating conversions: Weighing the message vs. the person". Catholic Online. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ Seema Sirohi (October 2, 2006). "Father Complex". OutlookIndia.com. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ Burke, Jason (January 16, 2005). "Religious aid groups try to convert victims". The Guardian. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
^ "In Asia, some Christian groups spread supplies – and the word". Knight-Ridder Newspapers. January 12, 2005. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
^ Jane Lampman (January 31, 2005). "Disaster Aid Furthers Fears of Proselytizing". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ "Bush brings faith to foreign aid". Boston.com. The Boston Globe. October 8, 2006. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ "Country Map – India". Persecution.com. Retrieved August 7, 2007. [permanent dead link] (website requires anonymous creation of a username and password account to be able to view)
^ "Indian Express". Archived from the original on 2009-04-12. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
^ Ted Olsen (September 1, 2003). "Weblog: Missionaries in India Concerned as Hindu Activists Break Up Prayer Meeting". Christianity Today. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ "Christian murdered in Kerala". Christian Today – India Edition. February 14, 2007. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ "Two Nuns accused and held for trying to "convert" students". Evangelical Fellowship of India. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ "Five arrested for assaulting trainee priests in Panvel". Evangelical Fellowship of India. March 7, 2007. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ "Christians attacked in Jalampur, Dhamtari in Chhattisgarh". Evangelical Fellowship of India. January 10, 2006. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ Jacob Chaterjee (February 12, 2007). "Hindu radicals attack believers in Karnataka". Christian Today – India Edition. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ Jacob Chaterjee (February 20, 2007). "Hindu radicals attack Bible college students during outreach; two in critical condition". Christian Today – India Edition. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ Jacob Chaterjee (February 6, 2007). "Hindu radicals attack Christian prayer meeting in Bihar". Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ Jacob Chaterjee (February 18, 2007). "Hindu fanatics oppose Christian-run orphanage and Bible center in Himachal Pradesh". Christian Today – India Edition. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
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Cnattingius, Hans. Bishops and societies: A study of Anglican colonial and missionary expansion, 1698–1850 (1952)
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Positive or neutral
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Johnstone Operation World ISBN 1-85078-357-8
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Winter and Hawthorne, eds. Perspectives on the World Christian Movement ISBN 0-87808-289-1
"Vindicated by time – The Niyogi Committee Report On Christian Missionary Activities in Madhya Pradesh (India)"
"History of Hindu – Christian Encounters 304 AD to 1996" By Sita Ram Goel, Publisher:Voice of India, New Delhi
Shourie, A. (1994). Missionaries in India: Continuities, changes, dilemmas. New Delhi: ASA Publications.
Missionary Conquest: The Gospel and Native American Cultural Genocide by George E. Tinker ISBN 978-0-8006-2576-4
The Missionaries: God Against the Indians by Norman Lewis ISBN 0-14-013175-2
The Dark Side of Christian History by Helen Ellerbe ISBN 0-9644873-4-9
Goel, S. R. (1996). History of Hindu-Christian encounters, AD 304 to 1996. ISBN 8185990352
Repression of Buddhism in Sri Lanka by the Portuguese (1505–1658) by Senaka Weeraratna
Rajiv Malhotra: How Evangelists Invented 'Dravidian Christianity'
Peter Rohrbacher: Völkerkunde und Afrikanistik für den Papst. Missionsexperten und der Vatikan 1922–1939 in: Römische Historische Mitteilungen 54 (2012), 583–610.
Faith2Share, missions network
Missionary Organizations, missionary organizations directory
Missiology.org, resources on missions (Christian) education.
LFM. Social sciences & missions (academic journal)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_mission&oldid=905910629"
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John Hawkins (naval commander)
For other people with the same name, see John Hawkins.
Find sources: "John Hawkins" naval commander – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Admiral Sir John Hawkins (also spelled as Hawkyns) (1532 – 12 November 1595) was an English slave trader, naval commander and administrator, merchant, navigator, shipbuilder and privateer. His elder brother and trading partner was William (b. c. 1519). He was considered the first English trader to profit from the Triangle Trade, based on selling supplies to colonies ill-supplied by their home countries, and their demand for African slaves in the Spanish colonies of Santo Domingo and Venezuela in the late 16th century. He styled himself "Captain General" as the General of both his own flotilla of ships and those of the English Royal Navy and to distinguish himself from those Admirals that served only in the administrative sense and were not military in nature. His death and that of his second cousin and mentoree, Sir Francis Drake, heralded the decline of the Royal Navy for decades before its recovery and eventual dominance again helped by the propaganda of the Navy's glory days under his leadership.[citation needed]
Admiral Sir John Hawkins
Portrait of John Hawkins at the National Maritime Museum, London
Plymouth, Devon, England
12 November 1595(1595-11-12) (aged 62–63)
at sea off Puerto Rico
Somewhere off the coast of Portobelo
Treasurer of the Navy
Admiral of the Narrow Seas
Spanish Armada
English Armada
Battle of San Juan de Ulúa
As Treasurer of the Navy (1577-1595) and comptroller (1589)[citation needed] of the Royal Navy, Hawkins rebuilt older ships and helped design the faster ships that withstood the Spanish Armada in 1588. One of the foremost seamen of 16th-century England, Hawkins was the chief architect of the Elizabethan navy. In the battle in which the Spanish Armada was defeated in 1588, Hawkins served as a vice admiral. He was knighted for gallantry. He later devised the naval blockade to intercept Spanish treasure ships leaving Mexico and South America.
John Hawkins was born to a prominent family in Plymouth in the county of Devon. He was the second son of William Hawkins (b. before 1490, d. 1554/5) and Joan Trelawny, daughter and sole heir of Roger Trelawny of Brighton, Cornwall.[1] William Hawkins was a merchant, shipowner and sea captain who successfully avoided permanent entanglement with either of the religious factions in the English Reformation, serving in Parliament under both Henry VIII and Mary I. William was especially well known in the court of Henry VIII as one of the principal sea captains, dating from his voyage to the New World in about 1527 (a first for an Englishman). The young John and his older brother grew up following their father's trade.
Early yearsEdit
John Hawkins's letters and memoranda suggest that he was not very well educated. Before he reached the age of twenty, he had slain a man named White from Plymouth in a tavern fight, but secured a royal pardon as it was determined it was in self-defence. White was adjudged the aggressor by a coroner's inquest.
Hawkins is thought to have done some services as a young man for the ambassadors from Spain, who negotiated the marriage of Mary I of England and Philip II of Spain. The Spanish claim that Hawkins was personally knighted by the King for this service, which is as yet unconfirmed. Hawkins was known to have referred frequently to King Philip as "my old master". In fact, Hawkins was known as Juan Aquines by the Spaniards, who castilianized the name, such was his fame among them.[1]
In 1555 John Lok brought five men from present-day Ghana back to England from a trading voyage to Guinea.[2][3] William Towerson was a second London trader who brought Africans to England at that time, landing at Plymouth following his 1557 and 1569 voyages to Africa. However, Hawkins is considered to be the pioneer of the British slave trade, as in 1562 he was the first to run the Triangular trade to the Spanish colonies in the Americas, and making a profit at every stop. Hawkins married Katherine Gonson, daughter of the Navy Treasurer, Capt. Benjamin Gonson. Katherine was sister to Sir David Gonson, who denounced Henry VIII. Another knight apparently relayed this information as Sir David left Malta to return to England on a rare trip to visit his father, the Navy Treasurer. Sir David was held in the Tower without a trial. He was taken to St. John's Waterings and hanged, drawn and quartered.
First voyage (1562–1563)Edit
Hawkins formed a syndicate of wealthy merchants to invest in trade. In 1562, he set sail with three ships for the Caribbean via Sierra Leone. They hijacked a Portuguese slave ship and traded the 301 slaves in the Caribbean islands. Despite having two ships seized by the Spanish authorities, he sold the slaves in Santo Domingo and gained a profit for his London investors. His voyage caused the Spanish to ban all English ships from trading in their West Indies colonies.[citation needed]
Second voyage (1564–1565)Edit
Arms granted to John Hawkins in 1565, for the massive profits he made in the slave trade. Sable on a point wavy, a lion passant or, in chief three bezants, crest, a demi Moor in his proper colour, bound and captive, with annulets in his arms and ears. Note the lion in the grant of arms is described as passant, but in the accompanying illustration is statant.
In 1564, Queen Elizabeth I invested in Hawkins by leasing the old 700-ton ship Jesus of Lübeck, on which he set forth on a more extensive voyage, along with three small ships. Hawkins sailed with his second cousin, Francis Drake, to the west African coast, privateering along the way. By the time he left, he carried African slaves; 400 survived when he reached Borburata on the western Venezuelan coast to trade as slaves.
The Spanish liked to keep a monopoly on trade, but Diego Ruiz de Vallejo, public accountant, allowed Hawkins to trade slaves on the condition he pay 7.5% of the Almojarifazgo tax. Alonzo Bernaldez, the Borburata governor, submitted a report in which the transaction was recorded as legitimate. After Hawkins traded at all Venezuelan ports and Rio de la Hacha, with advantageous returns, he was awarded a certificate of good behavior. In summary, Hernando de Heredia, Rio de la Hacha public notary and councilman hereby stated:
During the course of the first 19 days of May, Sir Juan Haquines, commander of the English fleet stationed in Rio de la Hacha, carried out commercial operations with all residents by trading slaves and goods...
A commercial licence was extended to him on 21 May 1565 by honorable sir Rodrigo Caso, city regular mayor, Hernando Castilla, Miguel de Castellanos, treasurer, Lazaro de Vallejo Alderete, quartermaster, Baltasar de Castellanos and Domingo Felix, aldermen. During the same year, Audience of Santo Domingo initiated investigations leading to know about the irregular activities performed by Rio de la Hacha seniors officials who were involved in a deal with John Hawkins. Castellanos, the treasurer, was accused of having a fraudulent deal regarding to slave trade. It was the third time the English filibuster roamed about the area accomplishing large commercial operations among which the slave trade was significant. This fact was not overlooked by Santo Domingo Audience civil servants in connection to his visits to Venezuelan ports: In the year 65 [...] recorded in 1567 [...] there was such a coaster named Juan de Aquines, Englishman [...] with enough goods and 300 to 400 slaves product of his raids in Guinea territory [...] In the Province of Venezuela quite a few slaves and merchandise were rescued from this Englishman and others such as Frenchmen and Portuguese who were accustomed to this kind of activities....[5]
After trading at Borburata, Hawkins sailed to Rio de la Hacha. The officials tried to prevent Hawkins from selling the slaves by imposing taxes. Captain Hawkins refused to pay the taxes and threatened to burn the towns.
After completing his business, Captain Hawkins prepared to return to England. Needing water, he sailed to the French colony of Fort Caroline in Florida. Finding them in need, he traded his smallest ship and a quantity of provisions to them for cannon, powder, and shot that they no longer needed as they were preparing to return to France. The provisions gained from Hawkins enabled the French to survive and prepare to move back home as soon as possible. As Laudonnière writes: "I may saye that wee receaved as manye courtesies of the Generall, as it was possible to receive of any man living. Wherein doubtlesse hee hath wonne the reputation of a good and charitable man, deserving to be esteemed as much of us all as if hee had saved all our lives."[6] Captain Hawkins returned to England in September 1565; his expedition was considered a total success as his financiers made a 60% profit.[citation needed]
Third voyage (1567–1569)Edit
His third voyage began in 1567. Hawkins and Drake obtained many more slaves from traders in Africa, and also augmented the cargo by capturing the Portuguese slave ship Madre de Deus (Mother of God) and its human cargo. He took about 400 slaves across the Atlantic on the third trip to sell in Santo Domingo, Margarita island and Borburata.
At San Juan de Ulúa (in modern Vera Cruz), he encountered a strong Spanish force, which had arrived to potentially put down a Mexican independence movement. By edict of 16 June 1567, King Philip II of Spain had ordered an investigative commission to study rumours of a Mexican movement to gain independence from the Spanish Crown. The commission consisted of Licenciado Gaspar de Jarav a, Licenciado Alonso Muñoz, and Doctor Luis Carrillo. De Jarava and Muñoz were from the Council of the Indies, while Carrillo was an official at the Court.
The independence movement was thought to be led by the Spanish Viceroy of Mexico Gaston de Peralta, 3rd Marquis of Falces, and his half-brothers Martin Cortés I "El Mestizo"; Martin Cortés y Zúñiga (also known as Martin Cortés II; and Martín Cortés, 2nd Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca); and Luis Cortés y Hermosillo.
The commission was backed by the General Commander of the Fleet, newly appointed governor of Cuba Pedro Menéndez de Avilés (founder of the City of San Agustin, Florida). He was assisted by the capable seafarer Sancho Pardo Donlebún, who was later to be a powerful adversary of both Hawkins and Drake.
In the ensuing Battle of San Juan de Ulúa, the Spanish destroyed all but two of the English ships. Hawkins' voyage home was a miserable one. Hawkins' gunner, Job Hartop, had an equally difficult time returning to England and did not succeed for many years.
Although his first three voyages were semi-piratical enterprises, Queen Elizabeth I needed their revenues. She considered the pirates to be fighting her battles with Spain and Portugal at their own cost and risk.
Hawkins wrote about his third voyage in detail in A true declaration of the troublesome voyadge of M. John Haukins to the parties of Guynea and the west Indies, in the yeares of our Lord 1567. and 1568. (London: Thomas Purfoote, 1569). Specifically he noted that trading and raiding were closely related in the English slave trade, and European success in the trade directly depended on African allies. He also commented on the amount of violence he and his men used to secure the captives and force their submission.
1570–1587Edit
The later grant of arms to John Hawkins in 1571, with the addition bearing heraldic symbols related to Riohacha, Colombia (then Rio de la Hacha), for his notable victory there, the addition being; on a canton or, an escallop between two palmers staves sable.
As part of the English government's web of counter-espionage, Hawkins pretended to be part of the Ridolfi plot to betray Queen Elizabeth in 1571. By gaining the confidence of Spain's ambassador to England, he learned the details of the conspiracy, and notified the government to arrest the plotters. He offered his services to the Spanish, in order to obtain the release of prisoners of war, and to discover plans for the proposed Spanish invasion of England.
His help in foiling the plot was rewarded. In 1571 Hawkins entered Parliament as MP for Plymouth. He was appointed as Treasurer of the Royal Navy on 1 January 1578, following the death of his predecessor Benjamin Gonson. (Gonson was also his father-in-law, as Hawkins married the man's daughter, Katherine Gonson, in 1567.)
Hawkins' financial reforms of the Navy upset many who had vested interests. In 1582 his rival Sir William Wynter accused him of administrative malfeasance, instigating a royal commission on fraud against him. The commission, under William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, Francis Walsingham, and Drake, concluded that there was no undue corruption, and that the Queen's Navy was in first-rate condition.[7]
Hawkins was determined that his navy, as well as having the best fleet of ships in the world, would also have the best quality of seamen. He petitioned and won a pay increase for sailors, arguing that a smaller number of well-motivated and better-paid men would be more effective than a larger group of uninterested men.
Hawkins made important improvements in ship construction and rigging. He is less well known for his inventiveness as a shipwright than for his management. His innovations included sheathing the underside of his ships with a skin of nailed elm planks sealed with a combination of pitch and hair smeared over the bottom timbers, as a protection against the worms which attacked the wooden hulls in tropical seas. Hawkins also introduced detachable topmasts; they could be hoisted and used in good weather and stowed in heavy seas. Masts were stepped further forward, and sails were cut flatter. His ships were "race-built", being longer and with forecastle and aftcastle (or poop) greatly reduced in size.
Spanish ArmadaEdit
The Spanish Armada in 1588
John Hawkins' innovative measures made the new England ships fast and highly maneuverable. In 1588 they were tested against the Spanish Armada. Hawkins was the Rear Admiral, one of three main commanders of the English fleet against the Armada, alongside Francis Drake and Martin Frobisher. Hawkins’ flagship was Victory. Hawkins may have organised the fire-ship attacks at Calais. For his role in the great sea battle, Hawkins received a battle-field knighthood (possibly a banneret) by the Lord High Admiral, Effingham on behalf of Queen Elizabeth.
After the defeat of the Armada, Hawkins urged the seizure of Philip II's colonial treasure, in order to stop Spain re-arming. In 1589, Hawkins sailed with Francis Drake in a massive military operation (the Drake & Norris Expedition). One of its goals was to try to intercept the Spanish treasure ships departing from Mexico. One decisive action might have forced Philip II to the negotiating table and avoided fourteen years of continuing warfare. Instead the voyage failed and the King was able to use the brief respite to rebuild his naval forces and by the end of 1589 Spain once again had an Atlantic fleet strong enough to escort the American treasure ships home.[8] Despite this failure, the idea led many other English pirates to make similar attempts and others were successful.
CharityEdit
The Hospital of Sir John Hawkins Knight in Chatham
In 1590 Drake and Hawkins founded a charity for the relief of sick and elderly mariners. In 1592, they founded a hospital to care for mariners, and a second in 1594 in Chatham; the hospital was named for Hawkins. The charity continues today, and the terms of the Elizabethan charter have been broadened. Almshouse accommodation in High Street Chatham on the border with Rochester may be granted by the Governors to a needy or disabled man or woman who has served in the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, WRNS, Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service, or who has been employed in the Royal Dockyards in the construction, repair, maintenance or re-fitting of RN vessels. Under the broader charter, persons who served in the Merchant Navy, the Army, or the Royal Air Force, or who saw active service in the Reserve Forces, may apply. The spouses or dependants of those named above may also be considered.
TobaccoEdit
Historians have noted that Hawkins as well as his crew were some of the first travelers from Europe to observe tobacco use in the Americas during their voyages in 1562. Sparke's chronicle of his second voyage recounts the inhabitants of Fort Caroline in what is now northeast Florida smoking tobacco leaves on approximately 20 July 1565: “The Floridians ... haue a kinde of herbe dryed1 [1 Tobacco.] which with a cane, and an earthen cup in the end, with fire, and the dried herbs put together do smoke thoro the cane the smoke thereof ... .”[9] He and his men brought back both the leaves and the practice of smoking to England in 1565, though the practice did not gain in popularity until years after.[10][11]
In 1595 Hawkins accompanied his second cousin Sir Francis Drake on a treasure-hunting voyage to the West Indies. They twice attacked San Juan in Puerto Rico, but could not defeat its defences. During the voyage they both fell sick. Hawkins died on 12 November 1595, and was buried at sea off Puerto Rico. Drake succumbed to disease, most likely dysentery, on 27 January, and was buried at sea somewhere off the coast of Portobelo in Panama. Hawkins was succeeded by his son Sir Richard Hawkins.
John Hawkins gained notice again in June 2006, more than four centuries after his death, when his descendant Andrew Hawkins publicly apologized for his ancestor's actions in the slave trade.[12] Andrew and 20 friends from the Christian charity Lifeline Expedition knelt in chains before 25,000 Africans to ask forgiveness for his ancestor's involvement in the slave trade at Independence Stadium in Bakau, the Gambia. The Vice President of the Gambia Isatou Njie Saidy symbolically removed the chains in a spirit of reconciliation and forgiveness.[13][14]
Sir John Hawkins is the subject of a 2014 song by folk musician Nancy Kerr, "The Shores of Hispaniola". The song describes the Elizabethan slave trade from the point of view of the lover of a man who has been enslaved by "Hawkins the dread privateer". "The Shores of Hispaniola" was recorded as part of the Elizabethan Session project, a collaboration between folk musicians Nancy Kerr, Martin Simpson, Jim Moray, Bella Hardy, John Smith, Hannah James, Rachel Newton and Emily Askew.
^ a b Morgan 2004.
^ The Slave Trade and Abolition: Timeline, English Heritage Retrieved 28 November 2013.
^ Africans in British History, Retrieved 28 November 2013/
^ See the eyewitness account of this voyage by John Sparke, "The Voyage Made by the Worshipful M. John Haukins Esquire", pp. 523–543 in Richard Hakluyt, Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation (London: George Bishop and Ralph Newberie, 1589); 1906 repr. ed. by Henry S. Burrage, "The Voyage Made by M. John Hawkins Esquire, 1565" Archived 25 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (accessed 10 July 2016).
^ Saignes, Miguel (1967). Vida de los esclavos negros en Venezuela. Hesperides. LCCN 68070476. p. 60
^ René Goulaine de Laudonnière, A notable historie containing foure voyages made by certayne French captaynes vnto Florida (trans. Richard Hakluyt; London: Thomas Dawson, 1587), 51–52.
^ Herman, Arthur (2004). To Rule the Waves: How the British Navy Shaped the Modern World. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-340-73419-1. p. 103
^ The Mariner's mirror, Volumes 76-77. Society for Nautical Research., 1990
^ John Sparke, "The Voyage Made by the Worshipful M. John Haukins Esquire," in Richard Hakluyt, Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation (London: George Bishop and Ralph Newberie, 1589); repr. Hakluyt Society 58 (London: 1878); repr. Markham, Clements R. (2005). The Hawkins’ Voyages During the Reigns of Henry VIII, Queen Elizabeth and James I. Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 1-4021-9536-2. p. 57. Cf. 1906 ed. by Henry S. Burrage, "The Voyage Made by M. John Hawkins Esquire, 1565" (Charles Scribner's Sons); accessed 10 July 2016. The date of 20 July is figured by the number of apparent days having lapsed following his recording on p. 49 the date of 12 July. Cf. also Gately, Iain (2001). Tobacco: A Cultural History of How an Exotic Plant Seduced Civilization. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0802117052. p. 44.
^ Stow, John (1615). Annales of England or a general Chronicle of England. p. 806-7
^ Ley, Willy (December 1965). "The Healthfull Aromatick Herbe". For Your Information. Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 88–98.
^ "The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion". Timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
^ Slaver's descendant begs forgiveness - Times Online
^ BBC NEWS | UK | 'My ancestor traded in human misery'
Morgan, Basil (2004). "Hawkins, Sir John (1532–1595)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12672. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hawkins, Sir John (admiral)". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Davis, Bertram. Proof of Eminence: The Life of Sir John Hawkins. Indiana University Press. 1973.
Hazlewood, Nick. The Queen's Slave Trader: John Hawkyns, Elizabeth I, and the Trafficking in Human Souls. HarperCollins Books, New York, 2004. ISBN 0-06-621089-5.
The African Slave Trade and Its Suppression: A Classified and Annotated Bibliography of Books, Pamphlets and Periodical Articles, annotated by Peter C. Hogg (editor), Frank Cass and Co. Ltd., Abingdon, Oxon, England; and Frank Cass and Co. Ltd., New York (1973), ISBN 0-7146-2775-5 . Transferred to Digital Printing 2006
Kelsey, Harry. Sir John Hawkins, Queen Elizabeth´s Slave Trader, Yale University Press, 384 pages, (April 2003), ISBN 978-0-300-09663-7
Southey, Robert. "Sir John Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake", pp. 67–242 of Vol. 3, The Lives of the British Admirals, 5 vols. 1833–1840.
Unwin, Rayner. The Defeat of John Hawkins: A Biography of His Third Slaving Voyage. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1960; New York: Macmillan, 1960.
Walling, R.A.J. A Sea-Dog of Devon: a Life of Sir John Hawkins. 1907.
Williamson, James. Hawkins of Plymouth: a new History of Sir John Hawkins. 1949. Second edition, 1969.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Hawkins (naval commander).
Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney, eds. (1891). "Hawkins, John (1532-1595)" . Dictionary of National Biography. 25. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 212–219.
An exhibit in the National Archives of the United Kingdom
"John Hawkins", Welbank.net
"John Hawkins", Johntoddjr.com
"John Hawkins"[unreliable source], Tudorplace.com.ar
Benjamin Gonson Treasurer of the Navy
(jointly with Benjamin Gonson, 1577) Succeeded by
Fulk Greville
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Hawkins_(naval_commander)&oldid=902751051"
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Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit
This article contains weasel words: vague phrasing that often accompanies biased or unverifiable information. Such statements should be clarified or removed. (October 2018)
The Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit is a street circuit around Albert Park Lake, only a few kilometres south of central Melbourne. It is used annually as a racetrack for the Formula One Australian Grand Prix, Supercars Championship Melbourne 400 and associated support races. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 licence.[3] Although the entire track consists of normally public roads, each sector includes medium to high speed characteristics more commonly associated with dedicated racetracks facilitated by grass and gravel run-off safety zones that are reconstructed annually.
Albert Park, Melbourne, Australia
UTC+10:00 (UTC+11:00 DST)
37°50′59″S 144°58′6″E / 37.84972°S 144.96833°E / -37.84972; 144.96833Coordinates: 37°50′59″S 144°58′6″E / 37.84972°S 144.96833°E / -37.84972; 144.96833
80,000[1][2]
FIA Grade
Re-opened: 7 March 1996
Australian Grand Prix
Supercars Championship
Melbourne 400
Porsche Carrera Cup Australia Championship
Australian GT Championship
Ferrari Challenge Asia-Pacific
Australian Formula 4 Championship
5.303 km (3.296 mi)
Race lap record
1:24.125 ( Michael Schumacher, Ferrari, 2004)
Original circuit
1:50.0 ( Stirling Moss, Cooper–Climax, 1958, Formula Libre)
However the circuit also has characteristics of a street circuit's enclosed nature due to concrete barriers annually built along the Lakeside Drive curve, in particular, where run-off is not available due to the proximity of the lake shore.
The current contract for the Grand Prix at the circuit concludes in 2023.[4] Tobacco advertising has been banned since 2007.[5]
A satellite view of the circuit just prior to race weekend 2018
The circuit uses everyday sections of road that circle Albert Park Lake, a small man-altered lake (originally a large lagoon formed as part of the ancient Yarra River course) just south of the Central Business District of Melbourne. The road sections that are used were rebuilt prior to the inaugural event in 1996 to ensure consistency and smoothness. As a result, compared to other circuits that are held on public roads, the Albert Park track has quite a smooth surface. Before 2007 there existed only a few other places on the Formula 1 calendar with a body of water close to the track. Many of the new tracks, such as Valencia, Singapore and Abu Dhabi have imitated that feature.[citation needed]
The course is considered to be quite fast and relatively easy to drive, drivers having commented that the consistent placement of corners allows them to easily learn the circuit and achieve competitive times. However, the flat terrain around the lake, coupled with a track design that features few true straights, means that the track is not conducive to overtaking or easy spectating unless in possession of a grandstand seat.[citation needed]
Each year, most of the trackside fencing, pedestrian overpasses, grandstands and other motorsport infrastructure are erected approximately two months prior to the Grand Prix weekend and removed within 6 weeks after the event. Land around the circuit (including a large aquatic centre, a golf course, a Lakeside Stadium, some restaurants and rowing boathouses) has restricted access during that entire period. Dissent is still prevalent among nearby local residents and users of those others facilities, and some still maintain a silent protest against the event. Nevertheless, the event is reasonably popular in Melbourne and Australia (with a large European population and a general interest in motorsport). Middle Park, the home of South Melbourne FC was demolished in 1994 due to expansion at Albert Park.[citation needed]
On 4 July 2008, the official F1 site (Formula1.com) reported that more than 300,000 people attended the four-day Melbourne Grand Prix, though actual ticket sales were later disputed by the local media. The Grand Prix will continue until at least 2020 after securing a new contract with Formula One Management.[6] There has never been a night race at Albert Park, however, the 2009 and 2010 events both started at 5:00 p.m. local time.
Everyday accessEdit
The Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit in December 2017, while open to the public
During the nine months of the year when the track is not required for Grand Prix preparation or the race weekend, most of the track can be driven by ordinary street-registered vehicles either clockwise or anti-clockwise.
Only the sections between turns 3, 4 and 5, then 5 and 6, differ significantly from the race track configuration. Turn 4 is replaced by a car park access road running directly from turns 3 to 5. Between turns 5 and 6, the road is blocked. It is possible to drive from turn 5 on to Albert Road and back on to the track at turn 7 though two sets of lights control the flow of this option. The only set of lights on the actual track is halfway between turns 12 and 13, where drivers using Queens Road are catered for. The chicanes at turns 11 and 12 are considerably more open than that used in the Grand Prix, using the escape roads. Turn 9 is also a car park and traffic is directed down another escape road.
The speed limit is generally 40 kilometres per hour (25 mph), while some short sections have a speed limit of 50 kilometres per hour (31 mph), which is still slower than an F1 car under pit lane speed restrictions. The back of the track, turns 7 to 13 inclusive, is known as Lakeside Drive. Double lines separate the two-way traffic along most of Lakeside Drive with short road islands approximately every 50 metres which means overtaking is illegal here. Black Swans live and breed in Albert Park, and frequently cross the road causing traffic delays, sometimes with up to five cygnets (young swans).
Approximately 80% of the track edge is lined with short parkland-style chain-linked fencing leaving normal drivers less room for error than F1 drivers have during race weekend. There is however substantial shoulder room between the outside of each lane and the fencing, which is used as parking along Aughtie Drive during the other nine months.
Albert Park Circuit (1953 to 1958)Edit
Albert Park has the distinction of being the only venue to host the Australian Grand Prix in both World Championship and non-World Championship formats with an earlier configuration of the current circuit used for the race on two occasions during the 1950s. During this time racing was conducted in an anti-clockwise direction[7] as opposed to the current circuit which runs clockwise.
Known as the Albert Park Circuit,[8] the original 3.125 mile (5.03 kilometre) course hosted a total of six race meetings:[9]
21 November 1953[8] - Featuring the 1953 Australian Grand Prix, won by Doug Whiteford[9] (Talbot-Lago T26C)
26 & 27 March 1955[10] - The first Moomba meeting, which involved an alliance with the Moomba festival and The Argus newspaper[9] - featuring the Moomba TT, won by Doug Whiteford (Triumph TR2)[11] and the Argus Trophy, also won by Doug Whiteford (Talbot-Lago)[12]
11 March & 18 March 1956[13] - The second Moomba meeting[9] - featuring the 1956 Moomba TT, won by Tony Gaze (HWM Jaguar), and, on the second weekend, the 1956 Argus Trophy, won by Reg Hunt (Maserati 250F)[13]
25 November & 2 December 1956[14] - featuring the 1956 Australian Tourist Trophy, won by Stirling Moss (Maserati 300S) and, on the second weekend, the 1956 Australian Grand Prix, also won by Stirling Moss (Maserati 250F)[15]
17[16] & 24 March 1957 - The third Moomba meeting[9] - featuring the Victorian Tourist Trophy[16] won by Doug Whiteford (Maserati 300S),[17] and the Victorian Trophy,[18] won by Lex Davison (Ferrari 500).[19] The Victorian Trophy was retrospectively designated as the second round of the 1957 Australian Drivers' Championship[20]
23 & 30 November 1958[21] - Featuring the 1958 Victorian Tourist Trophy, won by Doug Whiteford (Maserati 300S),[22] and, on the second weekend, the 1958 Melbourne Grand Prix, (a round of the 1958 Australian Drivers' Championship), won by Stirling Moss (Cooper Coventry Climax)[22]
Race lap recordsEdit
As of 25 March 2018.[23]
Stirling Moss Cooper Climax 1:50.0 30 November 1958
Grand Prix Circuit
Michael Schumacher Ferrari F2004 1:24.125 7 March 2004
All Time Lap Record
Lewis Hamilton Mercedes AMG F1 W10 EQ Power+ 1:20.486 16 March 2019
Bruno Senna Dallara F304 Spiess Opel 1:50.8640 3 March 2006
Chaz Mostert Spectrum 012 Ford 2:04.4805 27 March 2010
Historic Racing Cars
Ken Smith Lola T430 Chevrolet 1:54.6975 28 March 2010
Australian GT
Craig Baird Mercedes-AMG GT3 1:55.1134 17 March 2016
Porsche Carrera Cup
Ben Barker Porsche 997 GT3 Cup 1:58.3646 26 March 2011
James Weiland Ferrari 488 Challenge 1:59.1147 23 March 2018
Paul Stokell Lamborghini Diablo GTR 2:00.685 8 March 2003[24]
Aussie Racing Cars
James Small Commodore-Yamaha 2:16.0196 15 March 2008
Scott McLaughlin Ford FG X Falcon 1:54.6016 22 March 2018
SuperUtes
Kerry Wade Ford Falcon Ute 2:24.1712 30 March 2006
Historic Touring Cars
Terry Lawlor Nissan Skyline R32 GT-R 2:10.8171 13 March 2015
Milton Seferis Holden VH Commodore SS 2:18.9539 14 March 2015
Adelaide Street Circuit
^ "Albert Park". ESPN UK. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
^ "Group Trips To Grand Prix". groupandpay.com. 1 December 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
^ "LIST OF FIA LICENSED CIRCUITS" (PDF). FIA. 6 February 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
^ https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/australian-grand-prix-stays-in-melbourne-until-2023-20150912-gjl961.html
^ https://www.theage.com.au/national/tobacco-ad-ban-wont-jeopardise-gp-bracks-20060330-ge21gn.html
^ Willingham, Richard (3 August 2014). "New Melbourne Grand Prix deal better for Victoria: Denis Napthine". Retrieved 31 May 2017 – via The Sydney Morning Herald.
^ Stuart Sykes, It was - and still is - a great place for a race, Racing into History, A look back at the 1953 Australian Grand Prix at Albert Park, 2013, page3 & 4
^ a b Official Souvenir Programme, XVIIIth Australian Grand Prix, Albert Park Circuit, 21 November 1953, front cover
^ a b c d e 1953, The official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix, 1986, pages 182 to 191
^ Official Programme, Argus Moomba Motor Car Races, Albert Park Circuit, 26 & 27 March 1955, front cover
^ Argus Moomba Motor Races, Australian Motor Sports, April 1955, pages 137 - 142
^ Thrills for 250,000, The Argus, Monday, 28 March 1955, page 1
^ a b JR Horman, Albert Park, Australian Motor Sports, April 1956, pages 136 to 143
^ Albert Park, www.progcovers.com Retrieved on 10 July 2014
^ 1956, The official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix, 1986, pages 218 to 226
^ a b Programme, Victorian Tourist Trophy, First Day: 17th March 1957
^ AC Russell, Albert Park - Victorian Tourist Trophy Meeting, Australian Motors Sports, page 131
^ Victorian Trophy, Australian Motor Sport, May 1957, pages 174 to 176
^ John B Blanden, Historic Racing Cars in Australia, 1979, pages 146 & 147
^ Graham Howard, Lex Davison – larger than life, page 117
^ Official Programme, 1958 Melbourne Grand Prix / Victorian Tourist Trophy, Albert Park Circuit, page 3
^ a b David McKay, Quick money for Moss, Modern Motor, February 1959, pages 35, 36, 37 & 76
^ "NATSOFT Race Timing". natsoft.com.au. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
^ "PROCAR Stats" (PDF). www.procar.com.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2004. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit.
Albert Park at Official Formula 1 website
Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit Guide
Albert Park Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit on Google Maps (Current Formula 1 Tracks)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melbourne_Grand_Prix_Circuit&oldid=903116460"
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Interchange (road)
(Redirected from Trumpet interchange)
For other uses, see Interchange (disambiguation).
"Offramp" redirects here. For other uses, see Offramp (disambiguation).
Find sources: "Interchange" road – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The High Five in Dallas, Texas, United States: an example of interchange design. This is a complicated five-level stack interchange due to the proximity of frontage roads and high-occupancy vehicle lanes. This hybrid design is based on parts of a four-level-stack for highways and a three-level-diamond interchange to handle the frontage roads. 32°55′27″N 96°45′49″W / 32.9242°N 96.7636°W / 32.9242; -96.7636
In the field of road transport, an interchange is a road junction that uses grade separation, and typically one or more ramps, to permit traffic on at least one highway to pass through the junction without interruption from other crossing traffic streams. It differs from a standard intersection, where roads cross at grade. Interchanges are almost always used when at least one road is a controlled-access highway (freeway or motorway) or a limited-access divided highway (expressway), though they are sometimes used at junctions between surface streets.
TerminologyEdit
The Light Horse Interchange in Sydney, Australia is the largest in the southern hemisphere.[1] 33°47′53″S 150°51′15″E / 33.79806°S 150.85417°E / -33.79806; 150.85417
Note: The descriptions of interchanges apply to countries where vehicles drive on the right side of the road. For left-side driving, layout of the junctions is the same, only left/right is reversed.
A freeway junction or highway interchange (US) or motorway junction (UK) is a type of road junction linking one controlled-access highway (freeway or motorway) to another, to other roads, or to a rest area or motorway service area. In the UK, most (but not all) junctions are numbered sequentially. In the US, interchanges are either numbered by to mileage (in most states) or by interchange number.
A highway ramp (referred to in North America as exit ramps / off-ramps or entrance ramps / on-ramps) or slip road[2][3] is a short section of road that allows vehicles to enter or exit a controlled-access highway (freeway or motorway).
A directional ramp tends toward the desired direction of travel: A ramp that makes a left turn exits from the left side of the roadway (a left exit). Left directional ramps are relatively uncommon, as the left lane is usually reserved for high-speed through traffic. Ramps for a right turn are almost always right directional ramps.[4]
A non-directional ramp goes opposite to the desired direction of travel. Many loop ramps (as in a cloverleaf) are non-directional.[4]
A semi-directional ramp exits in a direction opposite from the desired direction of travel, then turns toward the desired direction. Many flyover ramps (as in a stack) are semi-directional.[4]
A U-turn ramp leaves the road in one direction, turns over or under it, and rejoins in the opposite direction.
Off-ramp accessed from collector lanes along Highway 401 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 43°42′46″N 79°32′16″W / 43.7129°N 79.5377°W / 43.7129; -79.5377
Weaving is an undesirable situation where traffic veering right and left must cross paths within a limited distance, to merge with traffic on the through lane.
The German Autobahn system has Autobahn-to-Autobahn interchanges of two types: a four-way interchange, the Autobahnkreuz (AK), where two motorways cross; and a three-way interchange, the Autobahndreieck (AD), where two motorways merge.
Some on-ramps have a ramp meter, a dedicated mid-ramp traffic light that controls the flow of entering vehicles.
Complete and incomplete interchangesEdit
A complete interchange has enough ramps to provide access from any direction of any road in the junction to any direction of any other road in the junction. A complete interchange between a freeway and another road (not a freeway) requires at least four ramps. Complete interchanges between two freeways generally have at least eight ramps, as having fewer would considerably reduce capacity and increase weaving. Using U-turns, the number for two freeways can be reduced to six, by making cars that want to turn left either pass by the other road first, then make a U-turn and turn right, or turn right first and then make a U-turn. Depending on the interchange type and the connectivity offered other numbers of ramps may be used. For example, if a highway interchanges with a highway containing a collector/express system, additional ramps can be used to strictly link the interchanging highway with the collector and express lanes respectively. For highways with high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, ramps can be used to service these carriageways directly, thereby increasing the number of ramps used.
An incomplete interchange has at least one or more missing ramps that prevent access to at least one direction of another road in the junction from any other road in the junction.
System interchangeEdit
Four-way interchangesEdit
Cloverleaf interchangeEdit
Main article: Cloverleaf interchange
Typical cloverleaf interchange; shown is the former configuration of Interstate 270 and State Route 161 at the border of Columbus and Blendon Township, Ohio, United States. This interchange was modified to a cloverstack in the early 2000s, (40.0822647, -82.9071779)
A cloverleaf interchange is typically a two-level, four-way interchange where all turns across opposing traffic are handled by non-directional loop ramps. Assuming right-handed traffic, to go left vehicles first cross over or under the target route, then bear right onto a sharply curved ramp that turns roughly 270 degrees, merging onto the target route from the right, and crossing the route just departed. These loop ramps produce the namesake cloverleaf shape.
Two major advantages of cloverleaves are that they require only one bridge (between the main perpendicular routes) which makes such junctions inexpensive as long as land is plentiful, and that they often do not require any traffic signals to operate. However, weaving is a major shortcoming of cloverleaves, as the four total offramps and onramps are present (the onramp from one leaf overlaps with the offramp for the next leaf), and merge on the main routes. Consequently, the capacity of this design is comparatively low. Cloverleaves also use a considerable area of land, and are more often found along older highways, in rural areas and within cities with low population densities. A variant design separates all turning traffic into a parallel carriageway to minimize the problem of weaving. Collector and distributor roads are similar, but are usually separated from the main carriageway by a divider, such as a guard rail or Jersey barrier.
Stack interchangeEdit
Main article: Stack interchange
Four-level stack
A multi-level stack interchange in Jing'an, Shanghai, China 31°13′35″N 121°27′53″E / 31.226335°N 121.464606°E / 31.226335; 121.464606
The Gravelly Hill Interchange in Birmingham, England - the original Spaghetti Junction 52°30′40″N 1°51′54″W / 52.511114°N 1.864971°W / 52.511114; -1.864971
A stack interchange is a four-way interchange whereby a semi-directional left turn and a directional right turn are both available. Usually access to both turns is provided simultaneously by a single offramp. Assuming right-handed driving, in order to cross over incoming traffic and go left, vehicles first exit onto an off-ramp from the rightmost lane. After demerging from right-turning traffic, they complete their left turn by crossing both highways on a flyover ramp or underpass. The penultimate step is a merge with the right-turn on-ramp traffic from the opposite quadrant of the interchange. Finally an onramp merges both streams of incoming traffic into the left-bound highway. As there is only one offramp and one onramp (in that respective order), stacks do not suffer from the problem of weaving, and due to the semi-directional flyover ramps and directional ramps, they are generally safe and efficient at handling high traffic volumes in all directions.
A standard stack interchange includes roads on four levels, also known as a four-level stack: including the two perpendicular highways, and one more additional level for each pair of left-turn ramps. These ramps can be stacked in various configurations above, below, or between the two interchanging highways. This makes them distinct from Turbine interchanges, where pairs of left-turn ramps are separated but at the same level. There are some stacks that could be considered five-level; however, these remain four-way interchanges, since the fifth level actually consists of dedicated ramps for HOV/bus lanes or frontage roads running through the interchange.
Stacks are significantly more expensive than other four-way interchanges, due to the design of the four levels. Additionally they may suffer from objections of local residents, because of their height and high visual impact. Large stacks with multiple levels may have a complex appearance and are often colloquially described as Mixing Bowls, Mixmasters (for a Sunbeam Products brand of electric kitchen mixers), or as Spaghetti Bowls or Spaghetti Junctions (being compared to boiled spaghetti). However they consume significant less area of land compared to a cloverleaf interchange.
Cloverstack interchangeEdit
Two-level cloverstack
2 level: 38°40′22″N 90°01′47″W / 38.672712°N 90.029662°W / 38.672712; -90.029662
3 level: 55°52′56″N 37°43′33″E / 55.88231°N 37.725785°E / 55.88231; 37.725785
Three-level cloverstack
The Knooppunt Ridderkerk, a cloverstack interchange near Rotterdam, Netherlands. 51°52′29″N 4°34′15″E / 51.874669°N 4.570748°E / 51.874669; 4.570748
Cloverstack interchanges are hybrid interchanges, using loop ramps like cloverleaves to serve slower or less occupied traffic flow and flyover ramps like stack interchanges to serve faster and higher occupied traffic flow. If local and express ways serving the same directions and each roadway is connected righthand to the interchange, extra ramps are installed.
The cloverstack design is commonly used to upgrade cloverleaf interchanges to increase their capacity and eliminate weaving.
Turbine interchangeEdit
Two-level
turbine,
35°11′34″N 101°50′14″W / 35.192872°N 101.837085°W / 35.192872; -101.837085
30°15′11″N 81°30′59″W / 30.253062°N 81.516259°W / 30.253062; -81.516259
25°03′22″N 55°14′58″E / 25.056076°N 55.249332°E / 25.056076; 55.249332
Hybrid:38°38′19″N 90°26′59″W / 38.638646°N 90.449731°W / 38.638646; -90.449731
Turbine-stack
The Jane Byrne Interchange in Chicago, Illinois, a notable turbine interchange 41°52′32″N 87°38′42″W / 41.875577°N 87.645042°W / 41.875577; -87.645042
Another alternative to the four-level stack interchange is the turbine interchange (also known as a whirlpool). The turbine/whirlpool interchange requires fewer levels (usually two or three) while retaining semi-directional ramps throughout, and has its left-turning ramps sweep around the center of the interchange in a spiral pattern in right-hand traffic.
Turbine interchanges offer slightly less vehicle capacity because the ramps typically turn more often and change height more quickly. They also require more land to construct than the typical four-level stack interchange.
In areas with rolling or mountainous terrain, turbine interchanges can take advantage of the natural topography of the land due to the constant change in the height of their ramps, and hence these are commonly used in these areas where conditions apply, reducing construction costs compared to turbine interchanges built on level ground.
Windmill interchangeEdit
(until 1977):
51°51′56″N 4°30′54″E / 51.865678°N 4.515036°E / 51.865678; 4.515036
Diverging:33°31′17″N 86°49′36″W / 33.521505°N 86.826564°W / 33.521505; -86.826564
Diverging:24°37′51″N 46°48′12″E / 24.630868°N 46.803215°E / 24.630868; 46.803215
Diverging windmill (similar)
The Vaanplein junction in the Netherlands from 1977 was a windmill before it was renovated.
51°51′55″N 4°30′56″E / 51.8654048°N 4.5154236°E / 51.8654048; 4.5154236
A windmill interchange is similar to a turbine interchange, but it has much sharper turns, reducing its size and capacity. The interchange is named for its similar overhead appearance to the blades of a windmill.
The Vaanplein junction in the Netherlands was a windmill from its opening in 1977. Since then it was renovated into a complex hybrid, combining stack, windmill and trumpet elements.
A variation of the windmill, called the diverging windmill, increases capacity by altering the direction of traffic flow of the interchanging highways, making the connecting ramps much more direct.
Other "windmill" interchangeEdit
There is another type of four-way interchange which is also called a "windmill" interchange, but it is otherwise not related to the windmill interchange described above. The term "windmill" has been applied to this type mainly by "roadgeeks", but the term has also been used by academics.[5]
The "windmill" serves two arterial roadways by grade separation. All turning movements are served by a right-hand exit ramp, with stop signs or traffic signals at the ramp termini; thus it is not a free-flow interchange.
Vehicles make right and left-turn movements at the ramp intersections and are removed from the main intersection in conventional intersection design. Left turns can turn into left merge lanes, so vehicles have to wait for gaps in arterial traffic in only one direction (similar to the continuous green T-intersection operations.)
This application is best suited for locations where free-flow through movements are desired for both intersecting roadways, with moderate to low turning movement volumes.
This interchange design is best suited for rural locations where right-of-way is available at the intersection quadrants and quadrant development is low to minimize attraction of turning movement volumes.
The only known example of this design exists at the junction of US 35 and State Route 32 near Jackson, Ohio, United States (at 39°02′43″N 82°36′46″W / 39.045219°N 82.612767°W / 39.045219; -82.612767). Both highways are expressways in each direction. Each highway has ramps that exit to the other highway, with right-turning traffic merging onto the second highway, but left-turning traffic coming to an at-grade intersection. Both highways end up having at-grade intersections, albeit with a grade separation of the main highway corridors.
A similar concept involves a partial cloverleaf interchange ("parclo") type A4, since that type of junction involves turning traffic off the freeway turning left onto the arterial, though the arterial itself exits with loop ramps eliminating left-hand turns onto the freeway, as well as to not invoke at-grade crossings for left turns onto the freeway.
Roundabout interchangeEdit
Main article: Roundabout interchange
Two level roundabout
Three level roundabout
Complex roundabout interchange Kleinpolderplein in the Netherlands, 51°55′53″N 4°26′19″E / 51.931498°N 4.438479°E / 51.931498; 4.438479
A further alternative found often is called a roundabout interchange. This is a normal roundabout except one (two-level) or both (three-level) mainlines pass under or over the whole interchange. The ramps of the interchanging highways meet at a roundabout or rotary on a separated level above, below, or in the middle of the two highways.
Hybrid interchangesEdit
Hybrid interchange near Cross-Harbour Tunnel, Hong Kong Island side, Hong Kong. Circa 1970. 22°16′52″N 114°10′49″E / 22.281189°N 114.180189°E / 22.281189; 114.180189
The Gliwice-Sośnica interchange, Poland[6] 50°15′40″N 18°43′15″E / 50.261249°N 18.720944°E / 50.261249; 18.720944
Hybrid interchanges use a mixture of interchange types and are not uncommon. Their construction can consist of multiple interchange designs such as loop ramps, flyovers and roundabouts.
Divided volleyball interchanges create a wide median between the carriageways of the two interchanging highways, using this space for connecting ramps.
Full diamond interchanges are large, multi-level interchanges that use flyover/under ramps to handle both right and left turns. One example is the junction of Interstate 40 and I-44 in Oklahoma City.
On interchanges with U-turns, traffic intending to complete a left turn must either pass the interchange, make a U-turn and then exit right, or exit right first and then make a U-turn.
There is a rarely used, unnamed type of interchange using a grade-separated design, similar to the at-grade design known as a "synchronized split-phasing intersection".[7] It is somewhat like the diverging windmill except that left turn exits use left directional ramps, which, as with the diverging windmill, merge on the left. One such interchange formerly existed between Interstate 95 and I-695 north of Baltimore, which has since been replaced by a four-level stack. There are few of these "synchronized split-phasing" interchanges, including one in Birmingham, Alabama between I-65 and I-20/I-59, locally called Malfunction Junction. A variation of this type exists in Grand Rapids, Michigan between Interstate 196 and US 131, where only the opposing carriageways of US 131 cross over each other, while the carriageways for I-196 do not cross over, but pass through the interchange on different levels. Another variation of this type exists in Charlotte, North Carolina between I-77 and I-85, where only the opposing carriageways of I-77 cross over each other; there are loop ramps from I-77 northbound to I-85 southbound and also from I-77 southbound to I-85 northbound.
Divided volleyball
Full diamond
35°27′38″N 97°34′32″W / 35.46046°N 97.575638°W / 35.46046; -97.575638
U-turns
37°33′36″N 127°04′19″E / 37.559940°N 127.072071°E / 37.559940; 127.072071
Current design of Knooppunt Vaanplein, Netherlands, location:
Three-way interchangesEdit
Trumpet interchangeEdit
A trumpet interchange on the Sir John A. Macdonald Parkway in Ottawa, Ontario.
Trumpet interchanges have been used where one highway terminates at another highway. These involve at least one loop ramp connecting traffic either entering or leaving the terminating expressway with the far lanes of the continuous highway.
Trumpet interchanges are named as such due to their resemblance to trumpets. The bell of a trumpet can be seen where the terminating highway begins to interchange with the continuous highway, and the resemblance to the tubing is seen along the connecting loop ramps.
Occasionally a third ramp can be routed around the loop instead of one of the non-looping ramps. A vehicle will therefore diverge from the continuous highway, cross it, turn 270 degrees left and cross the continuous highway again (or vice versa if the ramp is for traffic turning off the continuous highway). An example of this is where the Kingsway Tunnel terminates on the A59 in Liverpool, England - because of the steep gradient of the tunnel approach there was insufficient space for a simple left-turning ramp.
These interchanges are very common on toll roads, as they concentrate all entering and exiting traffic into a single stretch of roadway, where toll plazas can be installed once to handle all traffic, especially on ticket-based tollways. A double-trumpet interchange version can be found where a toll road meets another toll road or a free highway. They are also useful when most traffic on the terminating highway is going the same direction. The turn that isn't used as often would get the slower loop ramp. Such designs are most often found in the United States, Japan and Italy.[citation needed]
42°54′15″N 73°12′15″W / 42.904262°N 73.204179°W / 42.904262; -73.204179,
33°44′26″N 78°57′06″W / 33.740543°N 78.951788°W / 33.740543; -78.951788, USA
1°25′17″N 103°46′17″E / 1.421425°N 103.771359°E / 1.421425; 103.771359,
1°19′32″N 103°58′20″E / 1.325429°N 103.972332°E / 1.325429; 103.972332, Singapore
57°38′46″N 11°55′51″E / 57.645975°N 11.930938°E / 57.645975; 11.930938, Sweden
60°23′01″N 5°20′09″E / 60.383644°N 5.335944°E / 60.383644; 5.335944, Norway
There is a rarely built four-leg interchange type based on the trumpet interchange, of which there are two examples each in the United States and Singapore, one each in Sweden and Norway. One of the earliest examples of this interchange type was constructed in the 1950s and existed until 2005 at the junction between Interstate 94 and US 24 in Taylor, Michigan.[citation needed]
Directional T interchangeEdit
Full Y
Complex T interchange of SR 85 and SR 87 in San Jose, California 37°15′21″N 121°51′32″W / 37.255721°N 121.858878°W / 37.255721; -121.858878
A full Y-interchange (also known as a directional T interchange) is typically used when a three-way interchange is required for two or three highways interchanging in semi-parallel/perpendicular directions, but it can also be used in right-angle case as well. Their connecting ramps can spur from either the right or left side of the highway, depending on the direction of travel and the angle.
Directional T interchanges use flyover/underpass ramps for both connecting and mainline segments, and they require a moderate amount of land and moderate costs since only two levels or roadway are typically used. They get their name due to their resemblance to the capital letter "T", depending upon the angle from which the interchange is seen and the alignment of the roads that are interchanging.
It features directional ramps (no loops, or weaving right to turn left) and can use multi-lane ramps in comparatively little space. Some designs have two ramps and the "inside" thru road (on the same side as the freeway that ends) crossing each other at a three-level bridge. The disadvantage is that traffic of the terminating road enters and leaves on the passing lane.[8] The T interchange is preferred to a trumpet interchange because a trumpet requires a loop ramp by which speeds can be reduced, but flyover ramps can handle much faster speeds.
It is sometimes known as the "New England Y", as this design is often seen in the northeastern United States,[8] as with the Braintree Split and the northern terminus of MA Route 24, both south of Boston.
Examples 1°21′50″N 103°42′25″E / 1.363834°N 103.707054°E / 1.363834; 103.707054
Semi-directional T interchangeEdit
Two level Semi-directional T interchange in Orbe, Switzerland. 46°43′42″N 6°34′11″E / 46.72836°N 6.569738°E / 46.72836; 6.569738
Semi-directional T interchange
Like a directional T interchange, a semi-directional T interchange uses flyover (overpass) or underpass ramps in all directions at a three-way interchange. However, in a semi-directional T some of the splits and merges are switched to avoid ramps to and from the passing lane, eliminating the major disadvantage of the directional T. Semi-directional T interchanges are generally safe and efficient, though being three-level interchanges they do require more land and are costlier than trumpet interchanges. Semi-directional T interchanges are built as two or three-level stacks. Three-level stacks may use an overpass and underpass at a single point. Two-level stacks have a longer bridge or two shorter bridges on the same roadway.
Other/hybrid interchangesEdit
Hybrid interchanges use a mixture of interchange types and are not uncommon. Their construction can consist of multiple interchange designs such as loop ramps and flyovers.
A half-clover interchange is essentially half a cloverleaf interchange, constructed to connect in just three directions instead of four. These are rarely used due to the traffic weaving that they cause and the large amount of land that they consume, but they can be built in areas where the connecting ramp along the loop of a trumpet interchange is not feasible due to building developments or physical limitations. Half-clovers are designed to be readily upgraded to full cloverleaves if the terminating highway is ever extended past the through highway. Numerous half-clovers exist along I-90/I-94 in the Chicago, Illinois area.
A 3/4 volleyball interchange is a divided-volleyball interchange designed to meet at three points instead of four. Like the half-clover, it can easily be upgraded to a fully divided volleyball interchange if the terminating highway is extended beyond the through highway.
A T-bone interchange is essentially a compacted directional T interchange with sharper turns and a lower capacity, built when there is insufficient land or funds to build a directional T. Its two flyover/flyunder ramps contract together after passing over the through highway, but then they split into two segments, resembling the bone in a T-bone steak.
Half-clover
3/4-volley
Three-way roundabout
48°07′12.10″N 7°22′02.65″E / 48.1200278°N 7.3674028°E / 48.1200278; 7.3674028
37°38′40.74″N 126°45′00.11″E / 37.6446500°N 126.7500306°E / 37.6446500; 126.7500306
Roundabout T
Two-way interchangesEdit
Main article: Local-express lanes
A half-trumpet interchange is essentially a trumpet interchange with either its loop ramp or the outer connecting ramp (but not both), and only one of its directional ramps, instead of two, designed to meet the continuous highway in one direction, usually on a 90-degree or semi-perpendicular angle. Should the need arise it can easily be upgraded into a full trumpet interchange, making it a three-way interchange. Two examples exist in Michigan: Between Main Street and M-14 in Ann Arbor, and between Edward N. Hines Drive and Ford Road (M-153).
A partial-Y interchange is used where one highway terminates at another highway with the same general directional alignment (usually a maximum of sixty degrees). The trunk of the terminating highway merges with the trunk of the continuous highway; vehicles traveling into the interchange may only exit traveling in the same direction. This type of interchange is often used for bypass routes, and is named for the shape the two highways' confluence makes when drawn on a map, creating a lower-case "y". An example exists at the western terminus of M-14 in Michigan. Another example is the interchange between I-15 and I-84 in Ogden, Utah
Hybrids, variations, and rare types also exist for two-way interchanges.
A basketweave interchange is commonly found on highways using a collector/express system or long collector/distributor lanes. In a basketweave one highway is able to interchange with itself, allowing traffic traveling in the same direction to switch between carriageways through the use of flyover/under ramps created between two carriageways without causing weaving. These interchanges usually involve left exits and entry for the outer carriageway (right in left-hand drive) but can be configured to meet on the right.
A basketweave interchange in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 43°43′11″N 79°29′45″W / 43.71977°N 79.495886°W / 43.71977; -79.495886
Service interchangeEdit
Between a controlled- or limited-access highway and a road without access control
Diamond interchangeEdit
Main article: Diamond interchange
Diamond interchange on Interstate 71 in West Lancaster, Ohio 39°37′10″N 83°36′28″W / 39.6195°N 83.6078°W / 39.6195; -83.6078
A diamond interchange is an interchange involving four ramps where they enter and leave the freeway at a small angle and meet the non-freeway at almost right angles. These ramps at the non-freeway can be controlled through stop signs, traffic signals, or turn ramps.
Diamond interchanges are much more economical in use of materials and land than other interchange designs, as the junction does not normally require more than one bridge to be constructed. However, their capacity is lower than other interchanges and when traffic volumes are high they can easily become congested.
Dumbbell interchangeEdit
Main article: Dumbbell interchange
A dumbbell interchange is similar to the diamond interchange, but uses a pair of roundabouts to join the ramps with the non-highway. This typically increases the efficiency of the interchange when compared to a diamond.
Dogbone interchangeEdit
Main article: Dogbone interchange
A dogbone interchange is similar to the dumbbell interchange except the roundabouts do not form a complete circle, instead having a "raindrop" or "teardrop" shape. This does not impede normal traffic movement, as the eliminated portions are only useful for U-turns on the cross street.
Parclo interchange/folded diamondEdit
Main article: Partial cloverleaf interchange
Parclo A4 interchange in Ontario, Canada 43°34′18″N 79°47′24″W / 43.5716°N 79.7899°W / 43.5716; -79.7899
A five-ramp parclo on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada 49°19′29″N 124°26′29″W / 49.3248°N 124.4414°W / 49.3248; -124.4414
A parclo interchange, also known as a partial cloverleaf, is an interchange usually involving four to six ramps, two of which are loop ramps, which connect to the non-highway.
The parclo is a safer modification of the cloverleaf design. Depending on the number of ramps used, they take up a moderate to large amount of land and are typically inexpensive to build. Parclos with more ramps have a greater capacity and efficiency than parclos with fewer ramps. Parclos are sometimes called a folded diamonds when only four ramps, in two quadrants, are used. If the loop ramps are constructed opposite or mirrored along the highway, weaving is avoided. Cloverleaf interchanges that involve a non-highway can be changed to parclos without too much reconstruction. Although the interchange's capacity is reduced, weaving is eliminated, increasing the safety and efficiency of the interchange.
Four ramp partial cloverleaf (B2)
Six ramp partial cloverleaf (A4)
Folded diamond or parclo AB2
Diverging diamond interchangeEdit
Main article: Diverging diamond interchange
Diverging diamond
A diverging diamond interchange (DDI) or double crossover diamond interchange (DCD) is similar to a traditional diamond interchange, except the non-highway lanes cross each other twice, once on each side of the highway. This allows all highway entrances and exits to avoid crossing the opposite direction of travel and saves one signal phase of traffic lights each.
The first DDIs were built in France in the 1970s. Despite the fact that such interchanges already existed, the idea for the DDI was "reinvented" around 2000, inspired by the former "synchronized split-phasing" type freeway-to-freeway interchange between Interstate 95 and I-695 north of Baltimore.[7]
The first diverging diamond interchange in the United States opened on July 7, 2009, in Springfield, Missouri, at the junction of Interstate 44 and Missouri Route 13.[9][10]
Single-point urban interchangeEdit
Main article: Single-point urban interchange
Single point urban interchange (SPUI)
Single point urban interchange in Florida, United States, 28°33′14″N 81°16′12″W / 28.5538°N 81.2699°W / 28.5538; -81.2699, dismantled in the early 2010s.
A single-point urban interchange, often abbreviated to SPUI, is a modification of the diamond interchange and has its ramps meet at one point, usually on the overpass/underpass of the non-highway. This requires only one set of traffic signals, increasing its efficiency and capacity when compared to a diamond.
Freeways in the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area are great examples of the utilization of SPUI interchanges. Some examples of SPUI are along Arizona State Route 51 from Downtown Phoenix all the way to Loop 101, another location where SPUI is common.
Some single-point urban interchanges have appeared in rural areas, such as U.S. Route 23 with State Highway 59 in the U.S. state of Michigan. Therefore, while "single-point urban interchange" is the most common name for this type, it is sometimes (and more accurately) called a single-point diamond interchange instead.
Highway/non-highway hybrid interchanges consist of diamond and partial cloverleaf elements. Their construction can consist of multiple interchange designs such as loop ramps, flyovers, and roundabouts.
One form of the roundabout interchange can be used to connect a highway with a non-highway. It uses a single roundabout, rotary, or traffic circle which spans the highway as an over/underpass. Such junctions can be improved by adding a flyover for straight-through traffic on the non-freeway, creating the Roundabout interchange.
The three-level diamond interchange is three levels high, and it handles interchanging ramps via four intersections. This kind of an interchange can also be used to connect two highways together, but due to the use of intersections, its traffic is not free-flowing.
Three level diamond
List of road interchanges in the United States
Free-flow interchange
Grade separation
Intersection (road)
Junction (traffic)
Unused highway
^ "Fact Sheet - Light Horse Interchange" (PDF). Westlink Motorway Limited. May 2006.
^ "Motorways (253 to 273) – Joining the motorway (259)". The Highway Code. Government of the United Kingdom. June 27, 2014. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
^ "Motorways (253 to 273) – Leaving the motorway (272 to 273)". The Highway Code. Government of the United Kingdom. June 27, 2014. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
^ a b c Iowa Department of Transportation (1995-09-01). "Cross Sections of One-Way Ramps and Loops" (PDF). Retrieved October 19, 2009.
^ ATTAP (March 9, 2017). "Unconventional Intersection/Interchange Designs & Strategies". Windmill Interchange. University of Maryland. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
^ Podpisano umowę na największy węzeł autostradowy w Europie ‹See Tfd›(in Polish)
^ a b Chlewicki, Gilbert (2003). "New Interchange and Intersection Designs: The Synchronized Split-Phasing Intersection and the Diverging Diamond Interchange" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 20, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
^ a b "Interchanges: Trumpet". kurumi.com. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
^ "Missouri Department of Transportation" (PDF).
^ Staff (June 2011). "I-44/Route 13 Interchange Reconstruction: Diverging Diamond Design". Missouri Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Interchanges.
Kurumi.com U.S. interchanges directory
Glossary - Part of the publication Highway Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians by the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center branch of the U.S. Federal Highway Administration
Detailed history of interchanges with diagrams ‹See Tfd›(in German)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interchange_(road)&oldid=906574164#Trumpet_interchange"
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Canadian Expeditionary Force
619,646 enlistments during existence
Western Front (World War I)
North Russia Intervention
Siberian Intervention
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) was the designation of the field force created by Canada for service overseas in the First World War. The force fielded several combat formations on the Western Front in France and Belgium, the largest of which was the Canadian Corps, consisting of four divisions. The Canadian Cavalry Brigade and the Canadian Independent Force, which were independent of the Canadian Corps, also fought on the Western Front. The CEF also had a large reserve and training organization in England, and a recruiting organization in Canada. In the later stages of the European war, particularly after their success at Vimy Ridge and Passchendaele, the Canadian Corps was regarded by friend and foe alike as one of the most effective Allied military formations on the Western Front.[1][2] In August 1918, the CEF's Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force travelled to revolution-torn Russia. It reinforced an anti-Bolshevik garrison in Vladivostok during the winter of 1918–19. At this time, another force of Canadian soldiers were placed in Archangel, where they fought against Bolsheviks.
2 Major battles
2.1 Battle of Ypres, 1915
2.2 Battle of the Somme, July–November 1916
2.3 Battle of Vimy Ridge, 9–12 April 1917
2.4 Passchendaele, October – November 1917
3 Final count
4 End of the CEF
5.1 Animals
5.2 Vehicles
5.3 Small arms
5.4 Machine guns, light machine guns and other weapons
5.5 Ammunition
5.6 Uniforms, load bearing and protective equipment
6 Labour
7 In literature
12.1 Government links
12.2 Museums and media links
12.3 Other links
26th Battalion of the Second Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1915
The Canadian Expeditionary Force was mostly volunteers; a bill allowing conscription was passed in August, 1917,[3] but not enforced until call-ups began in January 1918 (see Conscription Crisis of 1917). In all, 24,132 conscripts had been sent to France to take part in the final Hundred Days campaign.[4]
As a Dominion in the British Empire, Canada was automatically at war with Germany upon the British declaration.[5] Popular support for the war was found mainly in English Canada.[6] Of the first contingent formed at Valcartier, Quebec in 1914, about two-thirds were men who had been born in the United Kingdom. By the end of the war in 1918, at least half of the soldiers were British-born. Recruiting was difficult among the French-Canadian population, many of whom did not agree with supporting Canada's participation in the war;[7][8] one battalion, the 22nd, who came to be known as the 'Van Doos', was French-speaking. ("Van Doos" is an approximate pronunciation of the French for "22nd" - vingt-deuxième)
Private Joseph Pappin, 130 Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force.[9]
To a lesser extent, several other cultural groups within the Dominion enlisted and made a significant contribution to the Force including Indigenous people of the First Nations, Black Canadians as well as Black Americans.[10] Many British nationals from the United Kingdom or other territories who were resident in Canada also joined the CEF. A sizeable percentage of Bermuda's volunteers who served in the war joined the CEF, either because they were resident in Canada already, or because Canada was the easiest other part of the Empire and Commonwealth to reach from Bermuda (1,239 kilometres (770 miles) from Nova Scotia). As several CEF battalions were posted to the Bermuda Garrison before proceeding to France, islanders were also able to enlist there.[11] Although the Bermuda Militia Artillery and Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps both sent contingents to the Western Front, the first would not arrive there until June 1915. By then, many Bermudians had already been serving on the Western Front in the CEF for months. Bermudians in the CEF enlisted under the same terms as Canadians, and all male British Nationals resident in Canada became liable for conscription under the Military Service Act, 1917.
The CEF raised 260 numbered infantry battalions, two named infantry battalions (The Royal Canadian Regiment and Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry), 17 mounted regiments, 13 railway troop battalions, five pioneer battalions, four divisional supply trains, four divisional signals companies, a dozen engineering companies, over 80 field and heavy artillery batteries, fifteen field ambulance units, 23 general and stationary hospitals, and many other medical, dental, forestry, labour, tunnelling, cyclist, and service units. Two tank battalions were raised in 1918 but did not see service. Most of the infantry battalions were broken up and used as reinforcements, with a total of fifty being used in the field, including the mounted rifle units, which were re-organized as infantry. The artillery and engineering units underwent significant re-organization as the war progressed, in keeping with rapidly changing technological and tactical requirements.
Another entity within the Canadian Expeditionary Force was the Canadian Machine Gun Corps. It consisted of several motor machine gun battalions, the Eatons, Yukon, and Borden Motor Machine Gun Batteries, and nineteen machine gun companies. During the summer of 1918, these units were consolidated into four machine gun battalions, one being attached to each of the four divisions in the Canadian Corps.
The Canadian Corps with its four infantry divisions comprised the main fighting force of the CEF. The Canadian Cavalry Brigade also served in France. Support units of the CEF included the Canadian Railway Troops, which served on the Western Front and provided a bridging unit for the Middle East; the Canadian Forestry Corps, which felled timber in Britain and France, and special units which operated around the Caspian Sea, in northern Russia and eastern Siberia.[12]
Major battles[edit]
Battle of Ypres, 1915[edit]
Main article: Battle of Ypres
Enlistment form for a soldier of the 71st Battalion CEF, who saw action at Arras. This young man would suffer a shrapnel wound but later returned home safely to Canada.
The 1915 Battle of Ypres, the first engagement of Canadian forces in the Great War, exposed Canadian soldiers and their commanders to modern war. They had previously experienced the effects of shellfire and participated in aggressive trench raiding despite a lack of formal training and generally inferior equipment. They were equipped with the frequently malfunctioning Ross rifle, the older, lighter and less reliable Colt machine gun and an inferior Canadian copy of British webbing equipment that rotted quickly and fell apart in the wet of the trenches.
In April 1915, they were introduced to yet another facet of modern war, gas. The Germans employed chlorine gas to create a hole in the French lines adjacent to the Canadian force and poured troops into the gap. The Canadians, operating for the most part in small groups and under local commanders, fired into the flanks of the German advance, forcing it to turn its attention onto the Canadian sector. For three days, Canadian and reinforcing British units fought to contain the penetration with a series of counter-attacks while using handkerchiefs soaked in urine to neutralize effects of the gas. One in every three of the inexperienced but determined Canadians became a casualty. The senior Canadian officers were also inexperienced at first and lacked communications with most of their troops. Notable among these was Arthur Currie, a brigade commander later became the commander of the Canadian Corps and who appointed as his divisional commanders only those who had fought well in this engagement. The battle cost the British Expeditionary Force - BEF (of which the Canadian Corps was a part of) 59,275 men and the Canadian Expeditionary Force over 6000.[13]
Battle of the Somme, July–November 1916[edit]
Main article: Battle of the Somme
According to historian Gerald Nicholson, "The Somme offensive had no great geographical objectives. Its purpose was threefold – to relieve pressure on the French armies at Verdun, to inflict as heavy losses as possible on the German armies, and to aid allies on other fronts by preventing any further transfer of German troops from the west." [14] The Canadian Corps was formed after receiving the 2nd and 3rd and later, 4th divisions. Its first commander was Lieutenant-General Edwin Alderson, who was soon replaced by Lieutenant-General Julian Byng, in time to repulse a German attack at Mont Sorrel in the Ypres sector in June 1916. while much of the BEF was moving toward the Somme. In this engagement, Major-General Malcolm Mercer, commander of the newly formed 3rd Division was killed; he was the most senior Canadian to be killed in the war.
The corps did not participate in the battles of the Somme until September, but these began on 1 July after a seven-day bombardment. British losses on the first day amounted to 57,470, which included the casualties of the Newfoundland Regiment serving in the British 29th Division. The regiment was annihilated when it attacked at Beaumont Hamel. By the time the four Canadian divisions of the corps participated in September, the Mark I Tank first appeared in battle. Only a few were available because the production time was long for the unfamiliar and unproven technology; those delivered were committed in order to aid the expected breakthrough. The psychological impact of them was considerable, with some claiming that they made many German soldiers surrender immediately, although the four months of sustained combat, high casualties among the defending Germans and the appearance of the fresh Canadian Corps were more likely factors in the increasing surrenders. The toll of the five-month campaign cannot be statistically verified by a single reliable source, however historians have estimated German losses at roughly 670,000 and an Allied total of 623,907.[14] The Canadian Corps suffered almost 25,000 casualties in this the final phase of the operation, but like the remainder of the BEF, it had developed, significant experience in the use of infantry and artillery and in tactical doctrine, preparation and leadership under fire.
Battle of Vimy Ridge, 9–12 April 1917[edit]
Main article: Battle of Vimy Ridge
The Battle of Vimy Ridge had significance for Canada as a young nation. For the first time the Canadian Corps, with all four of its divisions attacked as one. This Canadian offensive amounted to the capture of more land, prisoners and armaments than any previous offensive.[14] The main offensive tactic was the creeping barrage, an artillery strike combined with constant infantry progression through the battlefield.[note 1]
Passchendaele, October – November 1917[edit]
Main article: Battle of Passchendaele
In August 1917, the Canadian Corps attacked Lens as a distraction to allow two armies of the BEF to begin the Third Battle of Ypres, the attack on Passchendaele Ridge. The Corps, led by Lieutenant General Arthur Currie, captured Hill 70 overlooking Lens and forced the Germans to launch more than twenty counter-attacks in attempting to remove the threat to its flank. The Ypres offensive began with the swift capture of the Messines Ridge, but weather, concrete defences and the lack of any other concurrent Allied effort meant that the BEF fought a muddy, bloody campaign against the main German force for two months. The BEF, including the ANZACs, pushed to within two kilometres of the objective with very high casualties and in ever-deepening mud.
By September, it became clear that a fresh force would need to be brought in for the final push. With the situation in Italy and within the French army deteriorating, it was decided to continue the push and Currie was ordered to bring in the Canadian Corps. He insisted on time to prepare, on reorganizing the now-worn down artillery assets and on being placed under command of General Plumer, a commander he trusted. The first assault began on October 26, 1917. It was designed to achieve about 500 meters in what had become known as "bite and hold" tactics but at great cost, 2,481 casualties. and made little progress. The second assault on October 30 cost another 1,321 soldiers and achieved another 500 metres but reached the high ground at Crest Farm. On November 6, after another round of preparations, a third attack won the town of Passchendaele, for another 2,238 killed or wounded and the final assault to capture the remainder of Passchendaele Ridge began on November 10 and was completed the same day. Nine Canadians earned the Victoria Cross in an area not much bigger than four football fields and the Canadian Corps completed the operation, which had taken the BEF three months to advance the eight kilometres onto the ridge. Canadian Corps suffered 15,654 battle casualties in the muddiest, best-known battle of the Great War.[15]
Final count[edit]
After extensive experience and success in battle from the Second Battle of Ypres, through the Somme and particularly in the Battle of Arras at Vimy Ridge in April 1917, and Passchendaele the Canadian Corps came to be regarded as an exceptional force by both Allied and German military commanders.[16][17] Since they were mostly unmolested by the German army's offensive manoeuvres in the spring of 1918, the Canadians were ordered to spearhead the last campaigns of the War from the Battle of Amiens on August 8, 1918, which ended in a tacit victory for the Allies when the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918.
The Canadian Expeditionary Force lost 60,661 men killed or died during the war, representing 9.28% of the 619,636 who enlisted.
End of the CEF[edit]
The CEF was a special force, distinct from the Canadian Militia which mobilized in 1914 on a limited basis for home defence and to assist with the recruitment and training of the CEF. In 1918 the militia personnel active in Canada were granted CEF status, to simplify administration in the wake of conscription coming into force. Beginning in 1918, in anticipation of the disbandment of the CEF, plans for the re-organization of the militia were initiated, guided largely by the deliberations of the Otter Commission, convened for this purpose. Among the commission's recommendations was a plan by which individual units of the Canadian Militia, notably infantry and cavalry regiments, would be permitted to perpetuate the battle honours and histories of the CEF units that had fought during the war.[18]
During the latter part of the war, the Canadian Military Hospitals Commission reported on provision of employment for members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force on their return to Canada, and the re-education of those who were unable to follow their previous occupations because of disability.[19]
Equipment[edit]
Animals[edit]
Officially an infantry division would be classified at full animal strength at 5,241 horses and mules, 60.7 percent or 3,182 of these animals were part of the infantry division's artillery branch.[20]
Besides mounted and cavalry units, the CEF used horses, mules, donkeys and cattle to transport gun pieces on the battle front as motorised vehicles would not be able to handle rough terrain.[21][22]
At the start of the war over 7000 horses were brought over to England and Europe from Canada[23] and by the end of the war over 8 million horses were lost in the course of fighting in Europe.[21]
Dogs and carrier pigeons were employed as messengers in the front.[21]
With horses, wagons were also used to transport equipment as well.[23]
Vehicles[edit]
Armoured carriers and armoured tractors
Mark I tank United Kingdom Training tank
Mark IV tanks United Kingdom They were operated by CEF crews during battle, but they belonged to the British Army
Autocar trucks United States 20 cars ordered: 8 machine gun carriers (motor Maxim MG battery), 5 ammo and supply cars, 4 officer transport, 1 gasoline carrier, 1 repair vehicle, 1 ambulance; 1 MG carrier displayed at Canadian War Museum[24]
Small arms[edit]
.303 rifles
Model/Type
Period or Years in Use
Manufacturer/Origins
Ross Rifle Mark I and Ross Mark II (multiple * variants) 1905–1913 Canada
Ross Rifle Mark III 1913–1916 Canada
Lee–Enfield (SMLE) Mark III 1916–1943 United Kingdom
Service pistols
Colt "New Service" Revolver—1900-1928 (also used by the NWMP and RCMP from 1905–1954) United States
Colt Model 1911 Pistol—1914-1945 United States
Smith & Wesson 2nd Model "Hand Ejector" Revolver—1915-1951 United States
Approved private purchase and secondary side-arms
Webley Mark VI Revolver United Kingdom
Enfield No. 2 MkI Revolver United Kingdom
Bayonets and combat knives
Pattern 1907 bayonet United Kingdom
Ross Bayonet (for 1905 and 1910 rifles) Canada
Machine guns, light machine guns and other weapons[edit]
Colt Machine Gun 1914-1916 United States
Vickers Machine Gun 1914-1950s United Kingdom
Lewis Machine Gun—1916-c.1945 United States
Ammunition[edit]
.303 British United Kingdom
.455 Webley United Kingdom
Uniforms, load bearing and protective equipment[edit]
See also: Battledress § Canada, and Uniforms of the Canadian Forces
Service dress 1903-1939
Canadian pattern and British pattern
Load bearing equipment
Oliver Pattern Equipment 1898-19??
1908 pattern web equipment
Glengarry United Kingdom
Tam o'shanter United Kingdom
Field Service Cap United Kingdom
Brodie helmet after 1915 United Kingdom
Labour[edit]
Chinese labourers were also brought over to Europe, especially the Canadian Railway Troops.[25] From 1917 to 1918 84,000 Chinese labourers were recruited for the Chinese Labour Corps from China (via Shandong Province) that were shipped to Canada and then some the Western Front. Many of these labourers died in Belgium and France.[26]
In literature[edit]
A considerable part of the plot of the novel Fifth Business by Robertson Davies describes the protagonist's experiences as a soldier of the Canadian Expeditionary Force.[citation needed]
Canadian Armed Forces portal
Canadian Militia
Military history of Canada during World War I
List of Canadian battles during the First World War
Canadian official war artists
Canadian Corps
Currie Hall
Bermudians in the Canadian Expeditionary Force
^ The Canadian artillery was reinforced with British units and its planning was directed by a British officer, Major Alan Brooke, serving with the Corps HQ.
^ Godefroy, A. (April 1, 2006). "Canadian Military Effectiveness in the First World War." In The Canadian Way of War: Serving the National Interest Bernd Horn (ed.) Dundurn Press. ISBN 978-1-55002-612-2
^ Comeau, Robert (November 12, 2008). "Passchendaele cemented Canada's world role". National Defence and the Canadian Forces. The Maple Leaf. Archived from the original on July 3, 2013.
^ Amy J. Shaw (1 July 2009). Crisis of Conscience: Conscientious Objection in Canada during the First World War. UBC Press. pp. 28, 199. ISBN 978-0-7748-5854-0.
^ 1951-, Dennis, Patrick M. (2017). Reluctant warriors : Canadian conscripts and the Great War. Vancouver, British Columbia: UBC Press. ISBN 9780774835978. OCLC 985071597.
^ Gordon L. Heath (13 January 2014). Canadian Churches and the First World War. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-63087-290-8.
^ René Chartrand (20 December 2012). The Canadian Corps in World War I. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-78200-906-1.
^ World War I: The Definitive Visual History. DK Publishing. 21 April 2014. p. 231. ISBN 978-1-4654-3490-6.
^ Brock Millman (6 April 2016). Polarity, Patriotism, and Dissent in Great War Canada, 1914-1919. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-6763-1.
^ Original author is unknown. The photo comes from a private family collection. They would have been taken in late 1915 or early 1916, before their deployment.
^ Morton, Desmond. When Your Number's Up
^ Richard Holt (2017). "4". Filling the Ranks: Manpower in the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1918. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 283. ISBN 978-0-7735-4877-0.
^ Stacey, C. & N. Hillmer "Canadian Expeditionary Force". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
^ Dancocks, Daniel G. Welcome to Flanders Fields: the First Canadian Battle of the Great War : Ypres, 1915. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1988
^ a b c Nicholson, Gerald W. L. Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919: Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War. Ottawa: R. Duhamel, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, 1962.]
^ [Bercuson, David Jay. The Fighting Canadians: Our Regimental History from New France to Afghanistan. Toronto: HarperCollins, 2008.]
^ Nathan M. Greenfield (10 October 2008). Baptism of Fire: The Second Battle of Ypres and the Forging of Canada, April 1915. HarperCollins. p. 352. ISBN 978-0-00-639576-8.
^ William Kaye Lamb (1971). Canada's Five Centuries: From Discovery to Present Day. McGraw-Hill Company of Canada. p. 230. ISBN 978-0-07-092907-4.
^ "Otter Committee". www.canadiansoldiers.com. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
^ The Provision of Employment for Members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force on Their Return to Canada, and the Re-Education of Those Who Are Unable to follow their previous occupations because of disability. Canada Military Hospitals Commission Nabu Press August 2010. This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.
^ Nance, Susan (2015). Historical Animal. New York: Syracuse University. p. 278. ISBN 9780815634065.
^ a b c "Canadian Expeditionary Force - Library and Archives Canada Blog". thediscoverblog.com. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
^ https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/Documents/cavalry.pdf
^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-04-06. Retrieved 2009-02-23. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
^ http://www.patriotfiles.com/forum/showthread.php?t=109773
^ http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/his/docs/CEF_e.pdf
^ Ma, Suzanne (11 November 2011). "Chinese recruited for war had secret passage through Canada". ctvnews.ca. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
Berton, Pierre (1986). Vimy. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. ISBN 0-7710-1339-6
Christie, Norm. For King & Empire, The Canadians at Amiens, August 1918. CEF Books, 1999
Christie, Norm. For King & Empire, The Canadians at Arras, August–September 1918. CEF Books, 1997
Christie, Norm. For King & Empire, The Canadians at Cambrai, September–October 1918. CEF Books, 1997
Dancocks, Daniel G. Spearhead to Victory – Canada and the Great War, Hurtig Publishers, 1987
Cook, Tim. "At the Sharp End - Canadians Fighting the Great War 1914-1916 Vol. One", Viking Canada, 2007
Cook, Tim. "Shock Troops - Canadians Fighting the Great War 1917-1918 Vol. Two", Viking Canada, 2008
Morton, Desmond and Granatstein, J.L. Marching to Armageddon. Lester & Orpen Dennys Publishers, 1989
Morton, Desmond. When Your Numbers Up. Random House of Canada, 1993
Newman, Stephen K. With the Patricia's in Flanders: 1914–1918. Bellewaerde House Publishing, 2000
Nicholson, G. W. L. (1962). Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914–1919 (PDF). Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War. Ottawa: Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationary. OCLC 59609928. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
Schreiber, Shane B. Shock Army of the British Empire – The Canadian Corps in the Last 100 Days of the Great War. Vanwell Publishing Limited, 2004
Canada Military Hospitals Commission The Provision of Employment for Members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force on Their Return to Canada, and the Re-Education of Those Who Are Unable to follow their previous occupations because of disability. Canada Military Hospitals Commission Nabu Press August 2010. This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canadian Expeditionary Force.
Government links[edit]
The First World War from Library Archives Canada
Remembrance: The First World War from Veterans Affairs Canada
Oral Histories of the First World War: Veterans 1914-1918 from Library Archives Canada
Official Histories - Free online PDF books on the C.E.F. from The Department of National Defense
Museums and media links[edit]
Canada and the First World War from the Canadian War Museum
The First World War: Canada Remembers from CBC archives
National Film Board - Images of a Forgotten War
Other links[edit]
Canadian Great War Project
The C.E.F. Paper Trail
The C.E.F. Study Group
Central Ontario Branch Western Front Association
Regimentalrogue website has a variety of information on researching soldiers of the CEF and the conditions of the war
canadiansoldiers.com
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10 New Dramas To Check Out After The Chuseok Holiday
koreaboo -
Chuseok, or Korean Thanksgiving, is Korea’s largest holiday. Knowing that many viewers will be occupied during the holiday, many broadcasting stations try to conclude dramas before the holiday and air new ones after the long holiday is over. Thus, a slew of new dramas is set to premiere soon. Scroll down to read about 10 new dramas coming your way!
KBS will have brand new Monday-Tuesday, Wednesday-Thursday, and Friday-Saturday dramas.
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“Witch’s Court” (literal title) will begin airing on the last night of the Chuseok holiday after the finale of “Girls’ Generation 1979” on October 9 at 10 p.m. KST.
This new investigative drama will revolve around two leads: a witch-like prosecutor named Ma Ee Deum (Jung Ryeo Won), who was on a highway to success but unexpectedly gets wrapped up in an accident, and newly appointed prosecutor Yeo Jin Wook (Yoon Hyun Min) who chose a judge’s robe over a doctor’s gown. These two unique characters will work together to investigate crimes against women and children.
“Mad Dog” will premiere on October 11 at 10 p.m. KST after the finale of “Manhole.” The drama will center around the investigation of insurance fraud. Choi Kang Woo (Yoo Ji Tae) is a mad dog investigator with a 99-percent success rate who doesn’t let go of something once he has gotten a hold of it. A con man with a hidden objective named Kim Min Joon (Woo Do Hwan) will join him along with former gymnast-turned-insurance investigator Jang Ha Ri (Ryu Hwa Young).
In contrast to the two investigative dramas mentioned above, KBS will air the comic drama “Confession Spouses” (literal title) on Friday-Saturday nights following “Strongest Deliveryman” on October 13 at 11 p.m. KST. Jang Nara and Son Ho Jun will play same-age spouses who can’t stand each other. Ma Jin Joo (Jang Nara) will transform from a 38-year-old wife with low confidence to a cool college student in her twenties, while Choi Ban Do (Son Ho Jun) will transform from a 38-year-old breadwinner to a young man capable of running a marathon.
tvN will enter the drama primetime viewership battle with “Because This Is My First Life,” which will air after the finale of “Argon” on October 9 at 9:30 p.m. KST. The romantic comedy drama is centered around start-up designer Nam Se Hee (Lee Min Ki), who is “house poor” due to 30 years of mortgage payments, and elite college graduate and assistant drama writer Yoon Ji Ho (Jung So Min) who is “homeless” and has to look for a new place every two years.
tvN’s Wednesday-Thursday drama “Criminal Minds” will be replaced with “Buam-dong Revengers” (literal title) on October 11 at 9:30 p.m. KST. Starring actresses Lee Yo Won, Ra Mi Ran, and Myung Se Bin, the drama tells the story of these three women who create a “revenge club” to seek revenge on husbands and school bullies.
“Revolutionary Love” will air after the finale of “Deserving of the Name” on October 14 at 9 p.m. KST. This romantic comedy drama will tell the story of a third-generation chaebol Byun Hyuk (Choi Siwon) and part-time job master Baek Joon (Kang Sora).
OCN’s “Black” will air after the finale of “Save Me” on October 14 at 10:20 p.m. KST. This fantasy drama is set to be about a grim reaper named Black (Song Seung Heon) who tries to defend death and Ha Ram (Go Ara) who breaks all the rules in order to save lives.
JTBC’s “The Package” will premiere after the finale of “Age of Youth 2” on October 13 at 11 p.m. KST. Tour guide Yoon So So (Lee Yeon Hee) and tourist San Maru (CNBLUE’s Jung Yong Hwa) will tell the story of people who go on a trip for separate reasons but find each other in the end.
MBC’s “20th Century Boy and Girl” is set to follow “The King Loves” and will air on October 9 at 10 p.m. KST. Han Ye Seul and Kim Ji Suk is set to star as two friends who grew up together and end up transforming their 35-year-old friendship into love.
SBS’s newest drama “While You Were Sleeping” premiered its first episode right before the Chuseok holiday on September 27. Starring Suzy and Lee Jong Suk as the leads, “While You Were Sleeping” is a fantasy drama about a girl who can see the future in her dreams and a man who does everything to prevent them from actually happening.
Watch the first episode of “While You Were Sleeping” exclusively on Rakuten Viki!
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Auto industry's $23 billion investment in Mexico may face snarls at ports
Nacha Cattan and Ben Bain
Trucks haul new Volkswagen cars at the Port of Veracruz in Mexico. The port's capacity is expected to triple by 2024.
MEXICO CITY (Bloomberg) -- Carmakers from Nissan to Mazda are building record numbers of vehicles in Mexico destined for consumers abroad. But some executives are worried that the factory hum will slow in coming years as exports get bogged down by congestion at the nation’s ports.
The government has targeted 70 billion pesos ($4.6 billion) for port infrastructure through 2018, including building four new terminals in Veracruz. Some automakers are skeptical that the goal will be met or will be enough to handle the more than 5 million vehicles Mexico expects to produce annually by 2020 -- a 56 percent increase from the country’s 2014 output.
In the past two-and-a-half years, car manufacturers including Toyota and Daimler have invested or promised $22.6 billion for auto and parts plants, according to the government. That success story, which made the sector the largest source of foreign cash in the country, may be imperiled if the government doesn’t speed up plans for infrastructure improvements.
“Up until now, Mexico has succeeded in attracting more investments,” said Carlos Serrano, chief economist for BBVA Bancomer, Mexico’s biggest bank by loans outstanding. “But there’s going to come a point, when if infrastructure doesn’t get better, it’s going to put Mexico’s continued advance at risk.”
Docks bottlenecks
For Nissan, bottlenecks on the docks could delay a quarter of its planned maritime shipments to the U.S., Europe and the Middle East in five years, said Horacio Saldivar, the company’s local purchasing head. In 2014, Mexico became the world’s biggest exporter of Nissan vehicles, according to the automaker’s website.
“After 2020 we could have capacity limits” at the Gulf port of Veracruz and the Pacific port of Lazaro Cardenas, Saldivar said in a telephone interview. That could be true even following the completion of existing expansion plans. “We need to work with governments on how to expand.”
President Enrique Pena Nieto has made investing in the country’s infrastructure a priority.
His administration is boosting operating capacity at ports by 50 percent through 2018 and doesn’t foresee any bottlenecks at docks as new plants come online, Guillermo Ruiz de Teresa, the Communications and Transportation Ministry’s ports coordinator, said in a telephone interview.
“We are on time” to meet capacity needs for the growing auto industry, Ruiz told reporters May 13. “I’ve spoken with practically all of the auto producers, guaranteeing space at ports for them to grow.”
'Capacity issues'
While the Veracruz port’s operating capacity has stagnated in the past three years, it will more than triple by 2024, Ruiz said.
Mazda, Nissan and Honda are experiencing massive jumps in the number of vehicles exported from Mexico. Nissan shipped a record 538,972 cars last year, 20 percent more than in 2013, according to the company and data from the trade association AMIA.
Mazda, which opened a $770 million factory in early 2014 that’s slated to become the biggest overseas facility for the Japanese producer, exported 16,017 vehicles in April, triple the amount a year earlier. Honda sent 14,880 cars and light trucks out of the country last month, more than double the number a year earlier.
More investment
“The issue is only going to be heightened as more and more investment goes into Mexico over the next five years,” said Bill Rinna, a senior manager of North American forecasts for LMC Automotive near Detroit. “If it’s a concern for Nissan, who has been producing and exporting vehicles for a number of years in Mexico, it should be a concern for all other manufacturers who have and will set up shop there.”
Toyota in April announced it would invest about $1 billion in its first car factory in Mexico, with the capacity to assemble about 200,000 Corolla compact cars a year.
Mazda increased its reliance on the Gulf port of Veracruz after facing “capacity issues” on Mexico’s railways, according to Keishi Egawa, CEO of the automaker's local unit. He hopes the country will expand its railways in addition to boosting port infrastructure.
“At this moment it’s OK, but we are concerned about the capacity of the Port of Veracruz in coming years,” Egawa said in an interview.
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Exhibit - Artifacts | January 23 – June 29, 2018 every Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday & Friday | Magnes Collection of Jewish Art and Life (2121 Allston Way)
Since its inception in 1962, the former Judah L. Magnes Museum distinguished itself by directing its collecting efforts outside the focus on European Jewish culture and history that was prevalent among American Jewish museums at the time. During the 1970s and 1980s, its founders, Seymour and Rebecca Fromer, actively corralled an informal team of activist collectors and supporters. Together, they were able to bring to Berkeley art and material culture from North Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. Their legendary rescue missionscollecting trips aimed at retrieving Jewish cultural objects in locations where Jews had once thrivedwere further complemented by careful acquisitions carried out by exploring the catalogs of major and lesser-known auction houses, and especially by visiting art dealers in Israel, where many Jews from the lands of Islam had resettled.
These collecting patterns are particularly evident in the case of the stunning holdings that document the history and memory of Jewish communities in Morocco. Acquired in tourist shops across the Moroccan centers where Jews once livedTétouan, Tangier, Casablanca, Fez, and Marrakechas well as through forays into the remote locations in the Atlas mountains that separate the Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines of Morocco from the Sahara desert, the hundreds of ritual objects, textiles, illustrated marriage contracts, and manuscripts now at The Magnes are the bearers of a narrative that is at once very ancient and extremely modern.
Heirs to a history that harkens back to antiquity, the Jewish communities of Morocco carry many layers of memory and change, from the rise of Islam to the expulsion of Jews from the Iberian Peninsula, the European colonization of Africa, and the Holocaust. Most Moroccan Jews abandoned their ancestral home en masse during the 1950s, with smaller numbers remaining through the 1960s and 70s, relocating primarily to Israel, France, and North America (especially Francophone Quebec). What they left behind, along with an important network of intercultural relations and the deep memories of their ancient presence, also included communal buildings, and, especially, many objects. Brought out of Morocco, these remainings inform today a diaspora within the diaspora, a museum of the invisible, the texture of which is preserved in public and private collections worldwide.
"The Invisible Museum" project started with a multi-year exploration of the Moroccan holdings of The Magnes. The resulting exhibition offers a probing insight into how cultural objects, once the cherished belongings of individuals, families, and communities, may often be abandoned in the process of migration, or sold by immigrants seeking to rebuild their lives in a new land, before they become part of a museum collection.
~Francesco Spagnolo
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Increasing “weight extremes” in the developing world
Bryony Ashcroft 17 January 2013 17 January 2013 No Comments on Increasing “weight extremes” in the developing world
Research has shown rising obesity in developing countries, with no fall in the number of malnourished people.
New research has shown obese and overweight people are gaining weight rapidly in low- to middle-income countries. While people who are undernourished in the same countries aren’t seeing the same weight gain.
This growing divide will likely put pressure on governments in developing countries to provide care for the undernourished as well as managing rising health problems linked to obesity. This will put a strain on developing healthcare systems, forcing them to deal with heart disease and diabetes, while simultaneously caring for the underweight population.
“This growing trend of body weight extremes is going to pose a major challenge for health care and policy leaders,” says Fahad Razak, the study’s lead author. “They will need to balance their priorities between addressing health issues afflicting the underweight who happen to be poor, and health issues afflicting the obese and overweight – the upper middle-class and rich.”
The research, from the University of Toronto and Harvard School of Public Health, uses information collected in Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), an American-led project that tracks health and population trends in developing countries. The results found, as the average Body Mass Index (BMI) of a population increases, the numbers of overweight and obese women are increasing at a much faster rate than the number of underweight women is falling.
“One might think that as a country grows economically, the majority of the underweight population would move into the average BMI range, but our study shows the opposite: people of average weight are disappearing,” says Razak.
Obesity is defined as having a BMI of over 30. A healthy weight is calculated as a BMI of between 18.5 and 24.9. Overweight people have a BMI of between 25 and 29.9. Overweight and obese people have an increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and tend to die younger. On the other hand, people with a BMI of less than 18.5 also have an increased risk of death, perhaps from complications related to being malnourished.
“This divergence in the population with fat getting fatter and lean remaining lean is aligned with general patterns of divergence on other domains such as income, and wealth, which of course, are primary drivers of weight status in these countries,” says S.V. Subramanian, senior author of the study.
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Tag Archives: Ben Heins
Diane Sahms-Guarnieri by F Omar Telan at Poets on the Porch 2015
The Fox Chase Reading Series has concluded its run with Poets on the Porch 2015. It was a beautiful afternoon on the porch of Ryerss Museum and Library atop the hill at Burholme Park in Philadelphia, Pa. The crowd enjoyed a great reading of poetry under cover of the porch on a warm July day. Thanks to all the poets who shared their work, our hosts, F Omar Telan and Bruce Kramer and our book table monitor Nancy Sahms.
First Set Host F Omar Telan
The first set was hosted by F Omar Telan and energized the crowd. Poets reading in the first set were:
Poet Diane Sahms-Guarnieri
Poet Emari DiGiorgio
Poet Maria Keane
Poet Kimmika Williams-Witherspoon
Poet Gene Halus
Poet Russell Reece
Poet Ben Heins
Poet g emil reutter
Host of Second Set Bruce Kramer
The second set was hosted by Bruce Kramer breezing to a beautiful conclusion. Poets reading in the second set were:
Poet Alice Wootson
Poet Mel Brake
Poet Dave Worrell
Poet Wendy Schermer
Poet Charles Carr
More photographs of Poets on the Porch 2015 can be viewed at our Flickr at this link:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/12065560@N04/sets/72157624536350361
Posted in Delaware Literary News, delaware poetry news, fox chase poetry reading, fox chase review, literary news, northeast philadelphia poetry reading, pennsylvania poetry reading, philadelphia arts scene, Philadelphia literary scene, Philadelphia Poetry, Philadelphia Poetry Event, philadelphia poetry reading, Philadelphia Poetry Scene, poetry news, poetry reading, poets on the porch, ryerss museum and library
Tagged Alice Wootson, Ben Heins, burholme park, charles carr, Dave Worrell, diane sahms-guarnieri, Emari DiGiorgio, f. omar telan, fox chase, fox chase poetry reading, g emil reutter, gene halus, kimmika Williams-Witherspoon, Maria Keane, mel brake, northeast philadelphia poetry, northeast philadelphia poetry reading, pennsylvania poetry reading, philadelphia poetry reading, poetry festival, poetry reading, poets on the porch 2015, poets on the porch festival, Russell Reece, Ryerss Museum and Library, The Fox Chase Reading Series, the fox chase review, Wendy Schermer
THE FOX CHASE READING SERIES
7370 Central Avenue, Philadlephia, Pa. 19111
Hosted by: F Omar Telan and Bruce Kramer
The Poets
Diane Sahms-Guarnieri, a native Philadelphian, is the author of two full-length poetry collections: Images of Being (Stone Garden Publishing, 2011) and Night Sweat (Red Dashboard Press, forthcoming in January, 2016). She has been published in The Philadelphia Inquirer, Pennsylvania Literary Journal, Many Mountains Moving, Philadelphia Stories, Blue Collar Review, and Wilderness House Literary Review, among others. Awarded a grant in poetry from the AEV Foundation in 2013, she currently serves as Poet in Residence at Ryerss Museum and Library and as Poetry Editor of the Fox Chase Review. More about Diane can be found at http://www.dianesahms-guarnieri.com/ & https://dianesahmsguarnieri.wordpress.com/
Emari DiGiorgio makes a mean arugula quesadilla and has split-boarded the Tasman Glacier. She teaches at The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey and is a Poet-in-the-Schools through the state arts council and the Dodge Poetry Foundation. Recent poems have appeared or are forthcoming in Arsenic Lobster, Mead, the Raleigh Review, Smartish Pace, and Verse. http://edigiorgio.wix.com/emaridigiorgio
Maria J. Keane is a visual artist, educator and published poet. She received her B.A. from Hunter College, N.Y.C. and a Master in Art History from the University of Delaware (Phi Kappa Phi). She is an Arts and Letters member of the National League of American Pen Women and an artist member of the historic Howard Pyle Studio in Wilmington, Delaware. She served as an Adjunct Professor of Fine Arts and Art History at Wilmington University (New Castle Campus, from 1984 to 2009.) http://www.artsicle.com/Maria-Keane
Kimmika Williams-Witherspoon, PhD (Cultural Anthropology), M.A. (Anthropology), MFA (Theater), Graduate Certificate) Women’s Studies, B.A. (Journalism); is an Associate Professor of Urban Theater and Community Engagement in the Theater Department at Temple University. The author of Through Smiles and Tears: The History of African American Theater (From Kemet to the Americas) (Lambert Academic Publishing, 2011); The Secret Messages in African American Theater: Hidden Meaning Embedded in Public Discourse” (Edwin Mellen Publishing, 2006) She is a recipient of the 2013 Associate Provosts Arts Grant; 2008 Seed Grant, 2003 Provost’s Arts Grant; 2001 Independence Foundation Grant, the 2000 PEW fellowship, and1999, DaimlerChrysler National Poetry Competition. Williams-Witherspoon is a contributing poet to 26 anthologies and recipient of a host of awards and citations. http://www.2deep2.com/
A native of the Lawndale neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pa., Gene Halus is an Associate Professor of Politics at Immaculata University. He earned his Bachelor of Arts from LaSalle University, he graduated with a double major from the department of History and Political Science, his Masters of Art and his Ph.D., from the Department of Politics of the Catholic University of America. Halus has been a community/social activist in the United States and Ireland. He has written several op-ed pieces for various newspapers including the Souderton Independent and the Lancaster Eagle Gazette. He has written articles on topics such as German-Americans of Northeast Philadelphia and Resurgent Ethnicity: Reconsidering Ethnicity, Whiteness, and Assimilation; At Frankford We Stand!: The Mobilization of Euro-American Ethnic Consciousness in Philadelphia Neighborhoods and Changes in City Government; and Fair Housing/Fair Lending. Halus is working on a new poetry collection titled Perkiomen using the Perkiomen Creek as the focus of the cycle of poems. His most recent book is Irish Americans: The History and Culture of a People, co-authored with William E. Watson released in November of 2014.
Russell Reece has had stories and essays published in Memoir (and), Crimespree Magazine, The Fox Chase Review and many other print and on-line journals. His work has appeared several anthologies most recently Proud to Be: Writing by American Warriors, released in 2012. All That Glitters, released in 2013 and Someone Wicked released in 2013. He has received two Best of the Net nominations and was a finalist in the 2012 William Faulkner/ William Wisdom Creative Writing Contest. He placed first in the Delaware Press Association Annual Communications award in poetry and a 2015 fellowship from The Delaware Division of the Arts. Russ is a University of Delaware alumnus and a co-host of 2nd Saturday Poets in Wilmington, Delaware. He lives in Bethel, Delaware in rural Sussex County along the beautiful Broad Creek. You can learn more about Russ by visiting his website at www.russellreece.com
Ben Heins is the author of two chapbooks of poetry: Cut Me Free (Crisis Chronicles Press, 2014) and Greatest Hits & B-Sides (Vagabondage Press, 2012). In addition to teaching first-year writing at the Richard Stockton College of New Jersey and Rowan University, he is an active member of the South Jersey Poets Collective. http://www.benheins.com
Alice Greenhowe Wootson grew up in a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She attended Cheyney University and earned a Bachelor of Science Degree in Elementary Education. After graduating, she married and remained in the Philadelphia area. She earned a Masters Degree in Education and Reading Specialist Certification and taught in the public schools. Alice is the award-winning author of ten romance novels and an award-winning poet; she has taught writing workshops for numerous groups. She is also a board member of the Philadelphia Writers Conference. Alice Wootson is an active member of Enon Tabernacle Baptist Church of Philadelphia. She lives in Philadelphia with her husband, Isaiah. http://www.alicewootson.net/
Robert Milby, of Florida, NY has been reading his poetry in public since March, 1995. He is the author of 6 chapbooks, most recently: Dickens’ Pet Raven (Fierce Grace Press, Wilmington, DE, 2014). His first book of poetry is Ophelia’s Offspring (Foothills Publishing, Kanona, NY, 2007). Second book: Victorian House: Ghosts and Gothic Poems will be published by Black Bed Sheet Books, Antelope, CA in 2014. Robert hosts 3 Hudson Valley, NY poetry readings and has read his work in NY, NYC, NJ, PA and New England. He is a listed poet with Poets & Writers, Inc. of NYC. He writes for the arts magazine, Heyday Magazine and the arts newspaper, The Delaware and Hudson CANVAS. www.robertmilby.com
Mel Brake has won several awards for his poetry and musical talents. He was born and raised in Philadelphia, and proud of it. He lives in Springfield, PA because the water is fresh, clear and tasty. Many publications and journals have published his poems including Fox Chase Review, Philadelphia Poets, Mad Poets Review, E Pluribus Unum: An Anthology of Diverse Voices, Apiary Magazine, Word Riot Magazine, Poetry Ink, The New Verse News and many others https://www.facebook.com/mel.brake
John Smith’s poetry has appeared NJ Audubon since the 1980s and in numerous literary magazines. His work has also been anthologized in Under a Gull’s Wing: Poems and Photographs of the Jersey Shore and Liberty’s Vigil: The Occupy Anthology. His poem, “Lived Like a Saint,” which appeared in The Journal of New Jersey Poets, was set to music by Philadelphian composer, Tina Davidson, as part of a choral work, Listening to the Earth, commissioned by the New Jersey Parks Commission. Another poem, “Birding,” was commissioned by New Jersey Audubon for their centennial and “Red Moon,” was nominated for a Pushcart Prize by US1. His book, Even That Indigo, was published was published by Hip Pocket Press in 2012. https://www.facebook.com/JohnSmithFrenchtownPoet?fref=nf
Dave Worrell studied literature and philosophy at Union College in beautiful Schenectady, New York. His poems have appeared in The Fox Chase Review, US 1 Worksheets, Mad Poets Review and Wild River Review. He has performed poems at Chris’ Jazz Café in Philadelphia and Cafe Improv in Princeton. His latest collection is We Who Were Bound. https://www.linkedin.com/in/daveworrell
Wendy Schermer was born in Detroit, grew up in Philadelphia, and is now a
resident of Arden, Delaware, where she has lived for the past eight years. Wendy shares her home with a dog and two cats who have been steadfast companions since her two sons became adults and made lives of their own in Philadelphia and Brooklyn, respectively. Although Wendy works full-time for the State of New Jersey’s Judiciary, her real love is writing.
Robert Hambling Davis is a fiction editor of The Fox Chase Review. He has been published in The Sun, Antietam Review, Memoir (and), Philadelphia Stories, Santa Monica Review, and elsewhere. He’s been nominated for two Pushcart Prizes, and received three Delaware Division of the Arts grants, two for fiction and one for creative nonfiction. He was a fiction semifinalist in the William Faulkner Creative Writing Contest in 2002 and 2012, and a creative nonfiction winner in 2013. Robert helps direct the Delaware Literary Connection, a nonprofit serving writers in Delaware and surrounding areas. He is a member of the Delaware Artist Roster, and has given writing workshops and readings in the Mid-Atlantic.
Charles Carr is a native Philadelphian. Charles was educated at LaSalle and Bryn Mawr College, where he earned a Masters in American History. Charles has worked in social and community development services for 40 years. Charles has also been active in raising funds for various missions and organizations serving the poorest of the poor In Haiti. In 2009 Cradle Press of St. Louis published Charles’s first book of poetry: paradise, pennsylvania. In January of this year, Haitian Mud Pies And Other Poems published by The Moonstone Arts Center was released. Charles’ poems have been published in various print and on-line local and national poetry journals. Charles also hosts the Moonstone Poetry series at Fergie’s Pub in Center City Philadelphia once per month.
Bruce Kramer is a writer from Philadelphia. Most of his work has appeared in boring technical documents, medical publications, and marketing propaganda, but he has also been published in the occasional magazine and literary publication. He believes in cold beer, rock and roll, and baseball. He sometimes acts like he is named after Bruce Springsteen, but he knows he is named after somebody much cooler. He has poetry forthcoming from Barrelhouse Magazine
F Omar Telan shares a New York Innovative Theatre Award for Outstanding Performance Art Production for Too Much Light Makes The Baby Go Blind with the New York Neo-Futurists. A selection of his plays are anthologized in 225 Plays from Too Much Light Makes the Baby Go Blind.
His poetry has been published in “A Gathering Of The Tribes”, “Apiary Magazine”, “The Fox Chase Review”, “Our Own Voice”. He has read his poetry at the Poetry Project at St. Mark’s Church (NYC), the Kelly Writers House (Philadelphia), the National Asian American Poetry Festival (NYC), the Philippine Embassy (DC), and the Geraldine R. Dodge Poetry Festival (Waterloo Village, NJ).
With Asians Misbehavin’ he has performed in the New York Fringe Festival, the Philadelphia Fringe Festival, and at Roundhouse Performance Centre (Vancouver). He directed “The Edge Of The World” which was performed at La Mama E.T.C. (NYC) as part of the Asian American Theater Festival.
He graduated from Emerson College and the Radcliffe Publishing Course. http://www.telan.org/
-g emil reutter lives and writes in the Fox Chase neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pa. (USA). He can be found at https://gereutter.wordpress.com/about/
Posted in delaware poetry news, fox chase poetry reading, fox chase review, literary news, northeast philadelphia poetry reading, pennsylvania poetry reading, Philadelphia literary scene, Philadelphia Poetry, Philadelphia Poetry Event, philadelphia poetry reading, poetry news, poetry reading, poets on the porch, ryerss museum and library, Uncategorized
Tagged Alice Wootson, Ben Heins, bruce Kramer, burholme park, charles carr, Dave Worrell, diane sahms-guarnieri, Emari DiGiorgio, f. omar telan, fox chase, g emil reutter, gene halus, John Richard Smith, july 11th poetry festival, july 11th poetry reading, kimmika Williams-Witherspoon, Maria Keane, mel brake, northeast philadelphia, philadelphia poetry festival, philadelphia poetry reading, Philadelphia Poetry Scene, poets on the porch 2015, Robert Hambling Davis, Robert Milby, Russell Reece, Ryerss Museum and Library, Wendy Schermer
Reece and Heins @ Poets on the Porch 2015
This is the fifth in a series highlighting poets reading at Poets on the Porch 2015 to be held on July 11th @ 1 p.m. at Ryerss Museum and Library, 7370 Central Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 19111. Ryerss sits atop the hill at Burholme Park.
Russell Reece has had stories and essays published in Memoir (and), Crimespree Magazine, The Fox Chase Review and many other print and on-line journals. His work has appeared several anthologies most recently Proud to Be: Writing by American Warriors, released in 2012. All That Glitters, released in 2013 and Someone Wicked released in 2013. He has received two Best of the Net nominations and was a finalist in the 2012 William Faulkner/ William Wisdom Creative Writing Contest. He placed first in the Delaware Press Association Annual Communications award in poetry and a 2015 fellowship from The Delaware Division of the Arts. Russ is a University of Delaware alumnus and a co-host of 2nd Saturday Poets in Wilmington, Delaware. He lives in Bethel, Delaware in rural Sussex County along the beautiful Broad Creek. You can read the poetry of Russell Reece in The Fox Chase Review at this link: http://www.thefoxchasereview.org/w14rreece.html
Ben Heins is the author of two chapbooks of poetry: Cut Me Free (Crisis Chronicles Press, 2014) and Greatest Hits & B-Sides (Vagabondage Press, 2012). In addition to teaching first-year writing at the Richard Stockton College of New Jersey and Rowan University, he is an active member of the South Jersey Poets Collective. You can read the poetry of Ben Heins in The Fox Chase Review at this link: http://www.thefoxchasereview.org/a14bheins.html
Posted in Delaware Literary News, delaware poetry news, fox chase poetry reading, literary news, northeast philadelphia poetry reading, pennsylvania poetry reading, philadelphia arts scene, Philadelphia literary scene, Philadelphia Poetry, Philadelphia Poetry Event, philadelphia poetry reading, Philadelphia Poetry Scene, poetry news, poetry reading, poets on the porch, ryerss museum and library
Tagged Ben Heins, burholme park, fox chase, fox chase reading series, fox chase review, northeast philadelphia poetry reading, pennsylvania poetry reading, philadelphia poetry festival, philadelphia poetry reading, poets on the porch 2015, Russell Reece, Ryerss Museum and Library
Poets on the Porch 2015 – Preview
You can watch some of the poets reading at Poets on the Porch 2015 on youtube at the links below. Poets on the Porch 2015 will be held on July 11th @ 1 p.m. at Ryerss Museum and Library, 7370 Central Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 19111
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qir5_xPSNiU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WsS2eLVgAM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFpGUWnKME0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6V5YNTuQ-I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIF8Pwnn9AQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wjzTEaDKaw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=518yT85jOV8
Charles Carr
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3Jj8zmv8m4
Posted in 2nd Tuesdays Poetry Open Mic, fox chase poetry reading, literary news, northeast philadelphia poetry reading, pennsylvania poetry reading, philadelphia arts scene, Philadelphia literary scene, Philadelphia Poetry, Philadelphia Poetry Event, philadelphia poetry reading, Philadelphia Poetry Scene, poetry news, poetry reading, poets on the porch, ryerss museum and library
Tagged Ben Heins, burholme park, charles carr, Dave Worrell, diane sahms-guarnieri, Emari DiGiorgio, kimmika Williams-Witherspoon, mel brake, New Jersey Poet, new york poet, northeast philadelphia poetry reading, philadelphia poet, philadelphia poetry, philadelphia poetry festival, poets on the porch 2015, Robert Milby, Ryerss Museum and Library
The Fox Chase Review Autumn 2014 Poets
http://www.thefoxchasereview.org/autumn-poetry-2014.html
Posted in Delaware Literary News, delaware poetry news, fox chase review, literary magazine, literary news, Philadelphia literary scene, Philadelphia Poetry Scene, poetry magazine
Tagged autumn 2014 fox chase review, Ben Heins, Bibhas Roy Chowdhury/Kiriti Sengupta, Changmin Yuan, charles carr, David Livewell, Emari DiGiorgio, fox chase review poetry, James Guth, Jason Wright, John Richard Smith, Kelly McQuain Robert Milby, Laren McClung, Maria Masington, Noah Cutler
The Autumn 2014 Edition of The Fox Chase Review is Now Available
Posted on November 3, 2014 | 2 comments
The Autumn 2014 Edition of The Fox Chase Review is now live on line. We are pleased to present the following poets and writers.
Poetry by: Charles Carr, Bibhas Roy Chowdhury/Kiriti Sengupta, Noah Cutler, Emari DiGiorgio , James Guth, Ben Heins, David Livewell, Maria Massington, Laren McClung, Kelly McQuain, Robert Milby, John Richard Smith, Changmin Yuan, Jason Wright
Fiction by: Dennis Lawson and Danny Johnson
www.thefoxchasereview.org
Thanks to our staff: Poetry Editor Diane Sahms-Guarnieri, Fiction Editors Russell Reece and Robert Hambling Davis and Web Editor Katie Reutter.
Posted in Delaware Literary News, delaware poetry news, fox chase review, literary magazine, literary news, Philadelphia literary scene, Philadelphia Poetry, Philadelphia Poetry Scene, poetry magazine, poetry news, Uncategorized
Tagged autumn 2014 edition of the fox chase review, Ben Heins, Bibhas Roy Chowdhury/Kiriti Sengupta, Changmin Yuan, charles carr, David Livewell, Dennis Lawson and Danny Johnson, diane sahms-guarnieri, Emari DiGiorgio, fiction review, fox chase review, international literary review, James Guth, Jason Wright, John Richard Smith, Katie Reutter, Kelly McQuain, Laren McClung, maria massington, Noah Cutler, poetry review, Robert Hambling Davis, Robert Milby, Russell Reece, the fox chase review
Coming Soon: The 19th Edition of The Fox Chase Review
The Autumn 2014 Edition of The Fox Chase Review is in production and should appear on line sometime in late October. We will be presenting the following poets and writers.
Poetry by: Charles Carr, Bibhas Roy Chowdhury/Kiriti Sengupta, Noah Cutler, Emari DiGiorgio , James Guth, Ben Heins, David Livewell, Maria Masington, Laren McClung, Kelly McQuain, Robert Milby, John Richard Smith, Changmin Yuan, Jason Wright
Posted in Delaware Literary News, delaware poetry news, fox chase review, literary magazine, literary news, Philadelphia literary scene, Philadelphia Poetry, Philadelphia Poetry Event, Philadelphia Poetry Scene, poetry magazine, poetry news, Uncategorized
Tagged autumn 2014 edition of the fox chase review, Ben Heins, Bibhas Roy Chowdhury/Kiriti Sengupta, Changmin Yuan, charles carr, Danny Johnson, David Livewell, Dennis Lawson, Emari DiGiorgio, fiction, fox chase review, international literary magazine, international literary review, James Guth, Jason Wright, John Richard Smith, Kelly McQuain, Laren McClung, maria massington, Noah Cutler, pennsylvania, philadelphia, poetry, Robert Milby, short story
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« Open thread
Cubs pitching additions for 2016….(?) »
Pulling one out of their asses: Bears 17 Packers 13
Anybody see that one coming? I know. Me either.
I am too worked up after giving myself a headache by screaming at the TV the last three hours. I’ll post some thoughts in the thread when I calm down.
In the meantime, add your opinions.
This entry was posted on November 26, 2015 at 10:50 pm and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
11 Responses to “Pulling one out of their asses: Bears 17 Packers 13”
My opinion: I’m happy they won. I think the coaching staff is doing a very good job given the circumstances, and I think there is enough evidence at this point to support the premise that Jay Cutler’s ineffectiveness up to this point was not entirely his fault.
Agree with genrebuster. Six years of a revolving door of OCs, OLs, and wideouts, all whom he has had to resist the temptation to publicly throttle.
When you have incompetence at every corner of the compass, is it a wonder why QBs can be such dicks?
I know the Bears were supposed to be an absolute non-contending tire fire this season, but think about it: the losses to Detroit, Minnesota and Denver were all winnable games. If not for so much bonehead bullshit, the Bears are only eight points away from being 7-3 and in the hunt for a division title and a playoff spot. I “predicted” that the Bears would be 2-8 (2-10) after November, but now they’re able to grind out some wins. They’re not doing bad now, but damn! What might have been!
dvx, your prediction (2-10) was definitely reasonable, given the circumstances. The Bears have exceeded my expectations. When was the last time they won at Lambeau?
Trestman was a big setback, even after Lovie…I’m hoping Cutler can continue to develop because I’m not sure there is a better option in the short term (?). The defense is performing better, too.
I think the Bears have been underdogs in every game this season…so the “experts” have been wrong 5x.
In other news, rumor has it that Trestman had a seat at Dusty the toothpick chomping idiot’s Thanksgiving table. Lovie Baker was there, too. No horses were invited (or served).
They won at Lambeau two years ago on a Monday Night. That was “The Shea McClellin Game” where he sacked Rodgers and broke his collarbone. Rodgers got the last laugh, as we all know, in the last game of the season.
I can see why you probably forgot the last time they won. It’s because the Bears have been a laughingstock for about the last 25 years and their history against the Packers has been atrocious.
Yeti Says:
Hi, Fro
I don’t work there anymore. I opened up my own place on the other side of town. But I had to delete the picture. Are you up here for the State Football Championships?
Alright guys, here is my weekly playoff picture update for the Bears. Every team that was in front of the Bears in the race for the last Wild Card spot lost except, for those fucking Seahawks. The Seahawks own the tiebreaker, so the Bears are still technically, two games out with five to go. And the worst part is that they have teams in front of them with identical 5-6 records.
I think I mentioned this on here or even at Fire Ron Turner, but those two blown games against the Lions and Vikings really hurt them. They would be fighting for the division instead. This season is looking a bit like the 2008 season where they should have been 6-0 and instead, were 3-3 with all three losses being late collapses.
I am still not sold on Fox and Gase coaching this team. There have been some awful calls in many of these games. Only one was really a convincing win and that was against the Rams two weeks ago. The Bears still, have to win out just to have a legitimate chance of securing a playoff spot. As we all have known lately, 10-6 doesn’t guarantee a playoff spot to begin with.
Three of the Bears’ six losses (two to fucking division rivals) by a combined eight points. If the Bears didn’t have their heads up their asses, they’d be leading this division.
Rest of the way?
vs 49ers: They’re an even bigger tire fire than the Bears are. W
vs Redskins: Leading the NFC East, but they suck on the road. W
at Vikings: They’re for real, AP is getting his grove back. Cue “Twilight of the Thunder God” by Amon Amarth. L
at Bucs: The Bears seem to field a practice squad secondary against junior QBs over the last few years (see Broncos game last week)…why? L
vs.Lions: They’ll be counting down the minutes to the end of the season at this point. W
Three home wins to maybe win back some of the fan base, plus two road losses to teams who are fighting for division titles (albeit one n a shitty division, the AFC South). 8-8 and laying the groundwork for next year.
I saw a bit of the game with the Vikings and Falcons. Peterson has been running with a vengeance all season. It appears that someone gave advice to Adrian Peterson on how to be a better football player. Apparently, this person told him to pretend that one of his 21 children is in the stands. Said child, who is still too young to know right from wrong, decided to run away and ended up in the end zone. Peterson then proceeds to imagine this child in the end zone and will punish them for them behaving rudely. I don’t know if there are tree switches available in this imaginary world, but I would put money on it.
But hey, whatever makes him succeed, right?
.Regarding Peterson….I think you’re onto something, Fro.
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Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
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To tackle the human health challenges that face the world today, the FNIH develops collaborations with top experts from government, industry, academia and the not-for-profit sector and provides a neutral environment where we can work productively toward a common goal.
International Summit in Human Genetics and Genomics
The International Summit in Human Genetics and Genomics is a five-year initiative (2016-2020) designed to help developing nations build and expand their knowledge base, infrastructure, systems and technologies in genetics and genomics. Each fall, researchers from abroad travel to the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland for one month of in-person training at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). The Summit helps them to understand the prevalence and basis of genetic diseases in their nations and to address these public health challenges. The 2019 Summit will be held on August 28 - September 28, 2019.
The Pew Scholars and Fellows Program in the Biomedical Sciences
The Pew Scholars and Fellows Program in the Biomedical Sciences provides funding to young investigators of outstanding promise in science relevant to the advancement of human health. The Pew Biomedical Scholars Program makes grants to selected academic institutions to support the independent research of outstanding individuals and the Pew Latin American Fellows Program provides support for young scientists from Latin America to receive postdoctoral training in the United States.
Jayne Koskinas Ted Giovanis Foundation for Health Policy - Support for Intramural Research Training Fellows
The Jayne Koskinas Ted Giovanis (JKTG) Foundation for Health and Policy established two NIH Intramural Research Training Awards (IRTAs) for deserving young scholars in the NIH Intramural Training program. Through this IRTA, the JKTG Foundation aims to fund fellows whose basic research could help to expand the understanding of disease and could ultimately result in clinical applications.
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Odyssey of the Cockroach
TSUM, Moscow
Odyssey of a Cockroach is a travelling project: in October 2003 it was first shown at Deitch Projects in New York, and later at the London Institute of Modern Art. In Moscow Yoko showed the third version of the project, which she adapts every time for each new space.
Odyssey of a Cockroach is a grand installation, which takes the form of a complex mise-en-scene intended to present the experience of a cockroach travelling through a big city. The city with its grand buildings and piles of rubbish everywhere is a symbol of current history, while the main character, the cockroach, is identified with us, the spectators, as well as the author. To quote “Time Out New York”, this exhibition is “a phantasmagorical passage through time – specifically the last century”: billboard size colour photographs show harsh urban scenes: a bloody murder, a house destroyed by a bomb, a starving child. Gargantuan objects like a 6-feet-tall rubbish bin which is filled with fragments of bodies made of plaster, a human-sized mousetrap, a toppled over chair and hundreds of old shoes which show us the cockroach’s point of view. On the giant desk covered in world maps spectators can see cards inscribed with famous quotations from the Hermann Goering Nuremberg Trials speech.
Working with Yoko Ono was a challenging delight. Obviously everybody knows Yoko Ono by name but that is something else than actually producing a project for her. When I was asked, I was flattered and I was aware of the fact that she was actually already a visual artist before she got involved in the Beatles scene. During this Beatle mania she was much better known as the wife off John Lennon but it changed again after his tragic death. In fact Yoko Ono makes really provocative and intelligent artworks and also this work “Odyssey of a Cockroach” is a magnificent installation about us; human beings and what we claim to be ! I must say that the several times that we met I was impressed by her personality, her view on art, the world and how she is communicating with people. An amazing personality indeed and a joy to collaborate with.
Video compilation of Yoko Ono – Odyssey of the Cockroach
Photo impression of Yoko Ono – Odyssey of the Cockroach
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China’s Red October
The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, CCP, will be held in the fall of 2017. The exact date has not yet been announced, but late October is a reasonable estimate. This will be the most important CCP meeting since the death of Mao Zedong and the rise of Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s.
Communist societies such as China have a dual or parallel government structure. On one side is a normal government with a president, vice premier, cabinet ministers and other subordinate posts. On the other side is the CCP leadership consisting of a General Secretary, Politburo Standing Committee, Politburo, and Central Committee.
The seven-member Politburo Standing Committee runs the CCP. The General Secretary is the single most powerful person in the leadership. The conventional government is controlled by the CCP, which holds the real power.
In recent decades, the General Secretary serves two five-year terms, and is then succeeded by another member of the Standing Committee. At the end of the first five-year term, the Standing Committee elevates one or two candidates who are most likely to succeed the General Secretary at the end of his second term.
The process is carried out in secrecy and decisions are arrived at by consensus. The process is designed to insure smooth transitions and to avoid the cult of the individual that surrounded Mao Zedong.
General Secretary Xi Jinping is trying to upend these traditions. He will certainly be reappointed to a second five-year term this fall. But, the standing committee may not elevate likely successors. This would pave the way for Xi to become the new “big man” and the most powerful General Secretary since Mao Zedong.
With so much at stake for Xi, investors can be sure that no one in China will be allowed to “rock the boat” before October. The currency should remain stable against the U.S. dollar at least until then in order to avoid acrimony with the United States.
Also, a war in North Korea is unlikely before 2018 because of the military and diplomatic groundwork that needs to be laid before fighting breaks out.
In short, the Chinese economy is on hold until October, and not in a good way. Bad debts are still piling up. Stress on the reserve position and the exchange rate remains. Yet, China has the policy levers and political muscle to force a stable outcome until Xi’s position is solidified this October.
After that, investors should brace for a financial earthquake from China that will reverberate around the world.
Only One Way Out For China
The elements of an epic credit and currency crisis are all in place. China’s reserve position of $4 trillion in 2014 has now shrunk to about $3 trillion. Approximately $1 trillion of that is in illiquid investments, such as the CIC portfolio, or is committed to long-term lending via NDB, AIIB, and the One Belt, One Road initiative.
That leaves about $2 trillion in liquid reserves to do damage control. About $1 trillion of that will be needed to clean-up the banking system as state-owned enterprises (SOE) and wealth management products’ (WMP) bad debts come home to roost. That leaves only $1 trillion to defend the exchange rate.
Based on the rate of capital outflows in 2016, a $1 trillion war chest will be exhausted in less than a year. Reserves do not flow out in a linear way, but accelerate as the absolute level of reserves drop. Outflows could start at $50 billion per month, but quickly accelerate to $100 billion per month as liquid reserves approach zero.
This leaves only one way out for China: a maxi-devaluation of the yuan. A drop of 20% against the dollar, to a level of 8.50 to one dollar, would be viewed as sustainable. That should halt capital outflows.
What does that mean for the U.S.?
In short, it means the U.S. is losing its best customer for Treasury debt and will have to find other buyers in a hurry.
Full article: China’s Red October (The Daily Reckoning)
This entry was posted in Asia, Axis Powers, Business & Economics, China, Communism, Currencies, Economic Crisis, North Korea, Politics, US Dollar, USA and tagged 19th National Congress, AIIB, Asia, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, Business & Economics, capital outflows, CCP, China’s Red October, Communism, Communist Party of China, Currencies, currency crisis, deng xiaoping, Economic Crisis, Mao Zedong, maxi-devaluation, NDB, North Korea, One Belt One Road, politburo, Politburo Standing Committee, politics, SOE, state-owned enterprises, U.S. Dollar, wealth management products, WMP, Xi Jinping, Yuan. Bookmark the permalink.
Taiwan Loses Panama to China
Can a Divided America Survive?
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Home Greek news November 17 Murderer Spotted Strolling Athens Streets (photo)
November 17 Murderer Spotted Strolling Athens Streets (photo)
Dimitris Koufodinas, the infamous and unrepentant killer who was a hitman for the disbanded terrorist group November 17, was spotted taking a stroll in the streets of Athens on Wednesday.
The hitman, who has was granted another 6-day furlough on December 28th, the sixth in the last 12 months, was photographed walking towards Syntagma Square opposite the Greek parliament building.
Iefimerida.gr, which published the exclusive photo, reports that he was accompanied by his son and at least three other supporters.
Koufodinas’ previous furloughs had been granted from the high-security Athens penitentiary Korydallos. In August of 2018, the convicted terrorist was transferred to the Volos Agricultural Prison, an open-air prison which operates as an agricultural facility with only light restrictions for prisoners.
His holiday season leave was the first granted from the Volos facility.
Koufodinas is currently serving a number of life sentences for crimes which include murder. The November 17 terrorist group was formed in 1975, and it is believed that it was disbanded only in 2002, after the arrest and trial of a number of its members.
The group assassinated at least 23 people in 103 separate attacks. Some of the victims were targeted because they were American, British, or Turkish, but many more were random victims, innocent bystanders when the bombings occurred.
Opposition politicians in Greece, as well as the governments of the U.S.A, the U.K. and Turkey, have repeatedly condemned the decisions by Greek prison authorities to grant repeated furloughs to the convicted killer.
Dimitris Koufodinas
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Blonds of the Second Kind
“Science can’t yet tell us whether they have more fun – but it has uncovered a new genetic change that makes people blonde. And contrary to long held belief, it seems golden hair hasn’t simply been introduced across the globe by travelling tow heads, but instead evolved separately in different human populations.
“Indigenous people of the Solomon Islands in the South Pacific have some of the darkest skin pigmentation outside of Africa. But unlike most other tropical populations, they also have a high prevalence of blonde hair. Up to 10 per cent of the population is fair haired, the highest proportion outside of Europe. Until now, this odd trait had generally been attributed to the introduction of blonde genes by European explorers and traders in preceding centuries…
“Analysing saliva samples from 43 blondes and 42 dark-haired Solomon Islanders. A genome-wide scan pointed to a single strong difference between the groups at a gene called TYRP1. Further analysis revealed that a single-letter change in the gene accounted for 46 per cent of the population’s hair colour variation, with the blonde allele being recessive to the dark hair allele. The blonde mutation wasn’t found in any of the 900 other individuals sampled from outside the South Pacific…
“TYRP1 is known to be involved in skin and hair pigmentation in several species. In normally black mice, for example, a mutation in the gene produces light brown coats. A rare kind of human albinism is also caused by mutations in TYRP1, which produces reddish skin colour and ginger hair. TYRP1 isn’t, however, one of the genes that produces blonde hair in Europeans. The novel blonde mutation in Solomon Islanders is likely to have cropped up around 10,000 years ago, and it appears to be the same one behind blondness in Fiji and other regions of the South Pacific.” (Issue 2864 of New Scientist magazine, page 16.)
Newsnotes, June 2012.
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Discover The Health Focus Group Click Here
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Treating diseases with plants
Filed under: biotech, chronic wounds, News, Paw Paw, Queensland University of Technology, QUT
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Scientists from Queensland University of Technology (QUT), who are studying the use of plants to combat golden staph infections, heal wounds and treat diseases, have received an extra $1 million in funding.
QUT’s three research projects will be supported by a commercial research agreement and two Commonwealth Research Connection grants with biotech company Health Focus Products Australia (HFPA). These agreements will see $1,035,614 provided over three years to support the research.
“Project one utilises an Australian plant to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (known as golden staph), a common infection often acquired in hospital, which not only delays wound healing but is on the rise worldwide,” said Dr Trudi Collet, from the Indigenous Medicines Group in QUT’s Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation.
“Our second project will explore the use of three different Australian plants for the treatment of chronic wounds. Globally, more than seven million people suffer from a chronic wound, while in Australia, 433,000 people are diagnosed each year. The associated treatment costs are estimated to be in excess of $2.6 billion.
“The third project under the agreement concerns the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.”
HFPA’s chairman and founder, Dr Mark Baldock, said he was “very excited to hear of this work by Dr Collet” and said the funding was a commitment that recognised the value of the research even at its earliest stages.
“Our interest is in improving the plight of older Australians on a medical and social level,” he said.
“With our ageing population we are going to see an increase in health problems like dementia and chronic wounds, while the rise in antibiotic-resistant infections is another concern.
“[HFPA and QUT] have a common goal and I hope that in the future we can work more extensively with QUT. I am also hopeful that other biotech companies will follow our lead in offering this kind of early-entry research funding.”
Original article can be found here.
Health Focus Products Australia
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A student-edited publication of Harvard Law School
About Our Journal
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About the Harvard Journal of Law and Gender
Founded in 1977 and currently on the 42nd volume, the Harvard Journal of Law and Gender (originally the Harvard Women’s Law Journal) is the nation’s oldest continuously publishing feminist law journal.
JLG is an intersectional feminist publication, devoted to the advancement of feminist jurisprudence and the study of law and gender. We seek to clarify legal issues that have gendered aspects and implications, confront new challenges to full social equality, and explore the interconnections between race, class, sexuality, nationality, ability, and gender in the law.
JLG was conceived in the fall of 1976, when founder Sheila Kuehl planned an event entitled “Celebration 25: A Generation of Women at Harvard Law School.” Celebration 25 commemorated the anniversary of the 1953 HLS graduating class, the first class that included women graduates, and highlighted the important contributions of women students. The publication committee of Celebration 25 titled their commemorative book of essays on women and the law the Harvard Women’s Law Journal. The founding members’ objective of creating a feminist jurisprudence continues to drive JLG today.
Today, JLG seeks both to promote discussion within feminist and progressive communities and to bring about legal and social reform. The staff of Volume 42 seeks to publish rigorous scholarship that touches on legal issues impacting marginalized communities, as well as established legal issues reinvigorated through a feminist lens. JLG benefits from the experiences, viewpoints, and skills of its staff, and therefore welcomes students with diverse backgrounds and interests. Thank you for your interest in our publication!
For rising 2Ls and transfers, we have currently have open positions on our Senior and General Boards. Please click here for an overview of these positions and e-mail us at aszemanski@jd19.law.harvard.edu and schakrabarty@jd19.law.harvard.edu to express your interest.
The Journal of Law and Gender adheres to the Science Commons Open Access Law Journal Principles. A copy of JLG‘s standard author agreement is available here.
Ali Szemanski & Sonia Chakrabarty
Editors-In-Chief, Volume 42
Join JLG for a Conversation with One of our Founders, Sheila Kuehl, at Celebration 65! JLG will be hosting Sheila Kuehl for a lunch talk on Friday, September 14 at 12 PM in Hauser 102, with Sheila Kuehl, a Harvard alum. Ms. Kuehl is currently a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors and founded the Harvard Women’s Law Journal in 1977. In 1994, she became the first openly gay California legislator and has a rich career in law and politics. She will be in town for Celebration 65 and will join our current Editors-in-Chief for a conversation about the history of the journal, the importance of feminist scholarship, and her career. Lunch will be served.
Fall Membership Kick-Off. Interested in becoming involved with JLG this year? Join us for our fall kick-off to learn about the fall edition, joining our online content team, and our other plans for fall semester. We will meet at 7 PM in WCC 1015. Dinner will be served.
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Honorand Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, M.P.A. ’71, Shares Nobel Peace Prize
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Her Excellency Ellen johnson Sirleaf, M.P.A. ’71, LL.D. ’11, president of Liberia and Harvard’s 2011 Commencement speaker, has been named co-winner of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize. She, Leymah Gbowee (also of Liberia), and Tawakul Karman (of Yemen) were recognized for “their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work.”
Johnson Sirleaf, a development economist, has helped restore her country after a devastating civil war (the capital city was without reliable electric, water, or sewer systems for much of the two decades of war) that was marked by its abuse of children soldiers and widespread violence against women.
A champion of girls and women, Johnson Sirleaf emphasized that priority during her Commencement activities. At the end of her toast at the honorands’ dinner in Annenberg Hall the night before the graduation exercises, she presented President Drew Faust with a hand-sewn “Veritas” quilt made by the women of the rural Liberian community of Arthington (shown here). A delighted Faust had the quilt hung directly behind her chair, on the blue backdrop of the Memorial Church dais for all to see, on Commencement day. It is now displayed in the reception area at Massachusetts Hall.
A report on Johnson Sirleaf’s Commencement address, with an audio-video recording, is available here. Her honorary-degree citation (“for a nation long beleaguered, an unblinking beacon of hope”) appears here.
Four other Harvard alumni have shared this year’s Nobel Prizes in medicine (the late Ralph M. Steinman, M.D. ’68) and in physics (Saul Perlmutter ’81, Brian P. Schmidt, Ph.D. ’93, and Adam G. Riess, Ph.D. ’96).
Read the New York Times account of Johnson Sirleaf’s Nobel Peace Prize. President Barack Obama, J.D. '91, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009. The 2010 winner, Liu Xiaobo, the imprisoned Chinese democracy advocate, was prevented by his government from attending the award ceremony (the prize was presented with an empty chair representing his absence); Harvard University Press is publishing No Enemies, No Hatred, a collection of his essays and poems in translation, this fall.
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Home > A New University for Vietnam
A New University for Vietnam
The Fulbright Economics Teaching Program’s nameplate at its campus in Ho Chi Minh City
Photograph by Le Thi Quynh Tram
The government of Vietnam has approved in principle the establishment of Fulbright University Vietnam (FUV), that country’s first private, nonprofit institution of higher education. FUV will be based upon the Fulbright Economics Teaching Program (FETP) [3], established in Ho Chi Minh City in 1994 and since affiliated with Harvard’s Vietnam program, as reported in Harvard Magazine’s recent feature, “A Nation, Building.” [4]
According to an announcement posted by FETP [5], on June 3, the prime minister approved in principle the proposal for the nonprofit university, to be grounded in “the principles that are prerequisites for educational excellence: academic freedom, meritocracy, transparency, and accountability.” As noted, the transition from FETP to a more ambitious university “was first mentioned officially in the Joint Statement of US President Barack Obama and Vietnamese President Truong Tan Sang in late July last year and later was reiterated in US Secretary of State John Kerry’s visit to Vietnam in December the same year.”
The plan envisions expanding from the current master’s degree in public policy to similar degree programs in management and in technology. Broader undergraduate and doctoral programs are envisioned subsequently. Together, they represent a significant broadening of Vietnam’s spectrum of higher-education institutions, many of which focus narrowly on engineering or technical subjects, or are proprietary schools offering language or management training; the country does not now have a keystone, liberal-arts- and research-focused higher-education institution operated on the academic principles that are found in comparable universities in Korea, Japan, or the United States.
In an extensive interview on the project [6], Thomas Vallely—former director of Harvard’s Vietnam program, and now senior advisor, mainland Southeast Asia programs at the Kennedy School’s Ash Institute, and chair of the nonprofit institution seeking to establish and fund the new university—said:
FUV seeks to raise $50 million during the next three years and to mobilize $100 million by 2020. The Vietnamese Prime Minister’s approval in principle for [the] investment in FUV is probably by far the strongest and most specific support for the initiative from the Vietnamese government.…It is hoped that FUV will set an example of effective higher-education governance and quality assurance in the Vietnamese higher-education system.
In outlining the academic program, Vallely said:
When FETP was first established in 1994, in order to meet the needs of the country’s economic reforms, FETP offered the one-year postgraduate program in applied economics and public policy which taught off-the-shelf market economy using textbooks and curriculum from Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. Over time, FETP has developed its one-year program into the current MPP program which began in 2008. FETP’s steady flow of high-quality research ensures that the curricula remain highly relevant to Vietnam’s constantly evolving economic conditions.
Similar to the MPP program, FUV’s new degree programs will be developed in cooperation with American academic partners and with the consultancy of the business community to ensure the quality and market relevancy of FUV’s curricula in order to meet the need of a skilled labor force [for] Vietnam’s economy.
FUV’s founders envision that great universities are part of the wider community and draw strength from their relationship with business, government and civil society groups. The new institution’s stakeholders are already engaged in a dialog with the business community in Vietnam. This type of institutionalized engagement with the corporate community will provide the much needed feedback loops which are critical to ensure that the FUV’s teaching programs respond to the demands of business for skilled managers and technicians and that FUV’s programming directly supports Ho Chi Minh City and Vietnam’s continued economic development.
As a private, autonomous institution, FUV’s survival will hinge on its ability to mobilize resources from within Vietnamese society. This will provide the institution with strong incentives to remain responsive to business, alumni and the wider community.
Source URL: https://harvardmagazine.com/2014/06/harvard-affiliated-university-vietnam?page=all
[3] http://www.fetp.edu.vn/en/
[4] http://harvardmagazine.com/2014/05/a-nation-building
[5] http://www.fetp.edu.vn/en/news-events/on-campus/vietnamese-pm-approves-in-principle-tuiv%E2%80%99s-establishment-of-fulbright-university-vietnam-fuv/
[6] http://tuoitrenews.vn/education/20191/fulbright-university-vietnam-to-be-the-first-vietnamese-nonprofit-private-university
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Design Your Customers’ Decisions
8.95 Buy Copies
There is a vital lesson buried in the August 19, 2009 Jet Blue announcement that they were suspending sales of the $599.00 “All You Can Jet” promotion they’d debuted only seven days before. Any student of Behavioral Economics could have predicted that an “all you can eat” approach would inspire vastly different behavior than if Jet Blue had charged a lower fixed fee plus $1 per mile. Similarly, over a decade ago when AOL switched to a usage-independent flat price, connection time increased four times more than they anticipated.
“All you can eat” is an entirely different price than “very, very cheap.”
Traditional economics says that lowering the marginal price from $2 to $1 should have a similar effect to lowering it from $1 to $0 — but experience and experiments have both shown that the traditional demand curve acts in an odd manner when we reach $0 marginal cost. Jet Blue’s executives should have known better. But the Jet Blue management team is not alone.
Many executives assume their customers are more rational than they really are. For example, most leaders believe in enhancing the options given to customers, but increased choice can actually freeze decision-making by overwhelming the shopper. Excessive options is a key reason that an average of 60% of all online shoppers abandon their purchases mid-stream.
Behavioral Economics is the study of how people really think as opposed to how we think they think. To some of us, who were never fully convinced by the hyper-rational assumptions of neo-classical economics, it is a welcome return to reality. Yet, many firms have such a deep case of rationality-itis that they continue to treat their customers as if they were designed by Adam Smith. In working with Dan Ariely, we’ve begun to apply a set of ideas from Behavioral Economics in real world settings, around four distinct areas: framing, aversion, social context and timing — what we call FAST decision-making designs — and their impact can be significant. Our aim is to make the choice process easier for the customer.
In their famous recommendation engine, Amazon combines framing and social context, which gives the shopper an easy way to traverse millions of possible selections. In our work with clients we have found that it’s possible to increase choice to a higher value and higher-priced product by as much as 10 or 20% by framing the option that is contextualized to them (e.g., “Someone like you also bought this other book.”) This is consistent with Amazon’s belief that their recommendation engine increases the average purchase by 20%.
In our world of information overload, every new choice is an effort — so companies need to give as much thought to the process of choice as to those choices and options themselves. For instance, Dan noticed that the Economist, at one time, showed three options for their potential subscribers: online-only for $59.00, print-only for $125.00, or online and print for $125.00. He designed an experiment, using his students, in which 84% chose the $125.00 for print and online, 0% chose print-only, and only 16% chose online-only. Any rational manager would say the $125.00 offer print-only offer was useless. But when Dan removed the $125.00 print-only offer, 68% of people bought the online product for $59.00 while only 32% shelled out for the $125.00 bundle! In other words, the higher-priced option was chosen less than half as often. By having the decoy of $125.00 for print-only, the customer could make an easy comparison to the other $125.00 offer in which they got online for “free.” Even something as simple as choosing a magazine has enough complexity in it that a decoy choice can radically change buyer behavior.
If Jet Blue had understood the implications of Behavioral Economics, they may have raised the price on their offer — but despite the data that shows the power of designing the decision process, few companies trust Behavioral Economics because stands in the face of much of the economic logic executives were taught in school.
Every manager should remember that in a world of excess choice, an easy place to differentiate is in the careful design of the decision process itself. It is especially powerful in the ever-increasing realm of e-commerce. Few companies have optimized their customer choice process to make the most of the web. Fewer still do regular experiments to find out how their customers really act instead of how they are supposed to act, and they are leaving money on the table because of it. So ask yourself: is your company’s choice process optimal — and do you have data to prove it?
John Sviokla is an executive, investor, and board member and a former professor at Harvard Business School in marketing, MIS, and decision sciences. His passion is making sense of what technology means for people, commerce, and society.
This article is about DESIGN
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Calvin Harris Does It ‘My Way’ on His New Breakup Anthem
Erica Russell
Nothing—and nobody—is standing in Calvin Harris' way.
The Scottish producer-songwriter debuted the lyric video for his latest track, "My Way," on Thursday, September 15, where he refers to a "two-faced" person who was once standing in his way... but isn't any longer.
"Lie awake two-faced, but in my heart I understand / I made my move, but it was all about you / Now I feel so far removed / You were the one thing in my way," Harris sings on the surfy dance-pop track and follow up to his summer smash, "This Is What You Came For," making a rare return as a vocalist since 2014's "Summer" and 2011's "Feel So Close."
Though has primarily collaborated with other singers on recent hits, working with artists like Rihanna, Ellie Goulding and Florence Welch, Harris' first two albums, I Created Disco and Ready For the Weekend, featured his own vocals.
Speaking to iHeartRadio, the DJ explained that he chose to sing on "My Way" because "the time [was] right" and he likes "to sing on a song every two or three years or so."
"I just kind of thought it was a bit of a curve ball," he added. "I kind of like the idea of just tracking something out without a celebrity guest feature, and I think the vocal works, so why not."
While the lyrics are cryptic enough, many fans have noted the connection between the track and his high-profile June split from pop star Taylor Swift, who he dated for 15 months. Could "My Way" be his reaction to their breakup in EDM form?
"[The] song's kind of about breaking out of a situation that you thought was a good thing," Harris explained to iHeartRadio. "Then you're way more comfortable out of it. And it could be anything. It could be a job or it could be a relationship...I kind of had the idea for the concept for a few years, but I didn't know how to work out how it sounded."
Listen for yourself, below:
Your EDM Boyfriend: The Hotties on the DJ Scene
NEXT: CALVIN HARRIS SAYS 'ALL HELL BROKE LOOSE' DURING TAYLOR SWIFT BREAKUP
Source: Calvin Harris Does It ‘My Way’ on His New Breakup Anthem
Filed Under: Calvin Harris
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Master Deed
This Master Deed is executed on the _________ day of __________ , 20____, by__________ , a ___________(“Developer”), with an address of ______________ , pursuant to the provisions of the _________ Condominium Act, as amended, (the “Act”).
RECITALS: By recording this Master Deed, and the Bylaws attached hereto as Exhibit “A” and Condominium Subdivision Plan, Exhibit “B”, the Developer intends to establish the real property described in Article II below, together with the improvements located and to be located on, and the appurtenances to, that real property as a residential site condominium project under the provisions of the Act. Therefore, the Developer establishes _____________ as a Condominium Project under the Act and declares that___________________(the “Condominium”, “Project” or the “Condominium Project”) shall be held, conveyed,hypothecated, encumbered, leased, rented, occupied, improved and in all ways utilized subject to the provisions of the Act and to the covenants, conditions, restrictions, uses,limitations and affirmative obligations set forth in this Master Deed and Exhibits A and B, all of which shall be deemed to run with the land and shall be a burden and a benefit to the Developer, its successors and assigns, and any persons acquiring or owning an interest in the Condominium Premises, and their successors and assigns. In furtherance of the establishment of the Condominium Project, it is provided that:
ARTICLE I: TITLE AND NATURE. The Condominium Project shall be known as ________________________, ______________County Condominium Subdivision . The Condominium Project is established in accordance with the Act. The Units contained in the Condominium, including the number, boundaries, dimensions and area of each, are set forth completely in Exhibit B. Each Unit is capable of individual use by having its own entrance from and exit to a Common Element of the Project. Each Co-owner in the Project has an exclusive right to his Unit, has undivided and inseparable rights to share with other Co-owners the Common Elements of the Project, and has the right to construct a single residential dwelling on his Unit, subject to the Condominium Documents and all applicable laws.
ARTICLE II: LEGAL DESCRIPTION. The land submitted to the Condominium Project is
[describe]
ARTICLE III: DEFINITIONS. Certain terms are utilized in this Master Deed and Exhibits A and B, and in various other instruments such as the Rules and Regulations of the___________________Association, and deeds, mortgages, liens, land contracts, easements and other instruments affecting the establishment of, or transfer of interests in, the Project. Those terms are usually capitalized (for example, the “Project”) and are defined in the Act. Wherever used in those documents or any other pertinent instruments, those terms shall have the meanings given to them in the Act. The following terms are not defined in the Act,and shall have these meanings:
Section 1. Homesite. “Homesite” shall mean each Condominium Unit, its appurtenant Limited Common Elements, if any, and the General Common Element land area between the Unit and the paved portion of the adjacent roadway.
Section 2. Development Period. “Development Period”, means the period commencing on the date this Master Deed is recorded and continuing as long as Developer owns any Unit in the Project.
ARTICLE IV: COMMON ELEMENTS. The Common Elements of the Project and the
respective responsibilities for maintenance, decoration, repair and replacement are:
Section 1. General Common Elements. The General Common Elements are:
A. Roads. The roadways located within the boundaries of _____________ , unless anduntil they are dedicated to the public, including all landscaped islands, entranceways, and project identification signs and monuments.
B. Land. Land within the Condominium Project that is not identified as either Units orLimited Common Elements, shall be a General Common Element.
C. Electrical, Gas, Telephone and Cable Television. All underground electrical, gas,telephone and cable television mains and lines up to the point where they intersect the boundary of a Homesite and all common lighting for the Project, if any is installed.
D. Storm Water Drainage System. All storm water drainage systems and facilities, if any,serving the Project.
E. Pathways and Walkways. All walking paths, nature trails and other pedestrian ways designated as General Common Element on the Condominium Subdivision Plan for the project, whether paved or constructed of other materials.
F. Detention Areas and Detention Area Easements. The storm water detention and retention areas and easements and drainage facilities, if any, that are designated on the Condominium Subdivision Plan as General Common Elements. Some of the storm water detention and retention areas are not designated as general Common Elements on the Condominium Subdivision Plan, but instead are located within easements that are within the boundaries of certain Units in the Project.
G. Landscaping, Exterior Lighting and Sprinkler Systems. All landscaping, gardens, exterior lighting and sprinkler systems installed by the Developer or the Association within the General Common Element land areas.
H. Water. Certain naturally occurring and artificially created bodies of water lying wholly or partially within the boundaries of the Condominium are designated on the Condominium Subdivision Plan of the Project as General Common Elements.
H. Other. Other elements of the Condominium not designated as General or Limited Common Elements and not located within a Unit that are intended for common use of allCo-owners or are necessary to the Project.
Section 2. Limited Common Elements. Limited Common Elements shall be subject to the exclusive use and enjoyment of the Owner(s) of the Unit(s) to which the Limited Common Elements are appurtenant. The Limited Common Elements are:
A. Land. Certain land may be shown on the Condominium Subdivision Plan as Limited Common Element, and is limited in use to the Unit(s) to which it appertains, as shown on
Exhibit B.
B. Utility Leads. All utility leads and lines lying within the Home sites and all water wells and pumps, and all related potable water facilities servicing a Unit are limited in use to the Units serviced by them.
C. Driveways. Private driveways serving individual Units are Limited Common Elements,from the point where they intersect the paved portion of the roads in the Project, even if they are located partially on the General Common Element land area.
D. Waterfront Land and Beach Areas. Certain land with water frontage and beach areas(collectively, “the Beaches”) are shown on the Condominium Subdivision Plan as Limited Common Element that are respectively appurtenant to and limited in use and enjoyment to one or more Units. The respective Units to which the Beaches are appurtenant are designated within the boundaries of the Beaches on the Condominium Subdivision Plan. The only Units to which the Beaches are appurtenant and the only Units that may use and enjoy the Beaches are Units __________ , as shown on the Condominium Subdivision Plan for the Project. Neither the Developer, nor the Association, nor any Co-owner, nor any other person shall grant any riparian rights or other rights of use in any of the Beaches to any other person, except in connection with the conveyance to that person of title to the Unit to which the Beaches are appurtenant. The Beaches may be used only by the Co-owners of a Unit to which they are appurtenant, his or her family members who reside on the Unit, and his or her house guests.
E. Docks. Certain docks (collectively, “the Docks”) are shown on the Condominium Subdivision Plan as Limited Common Elements that are respectively appurtenant to and limited in use and enjoyment to one or more Units. The respective Units to which the Docks are appurtenant are designated adjacent to the Docks on the Condominium Subdivision Plan. The only Units to which the Docks are appurtenant and the only Units that may use and enjoy the Docks are Units__________ , as shown on the Condominium Subdivision Plan for the Project. Neither the Developer, nor the Association, nor any Co-owner, nor any other person shall grant any riparian rights or other rights of use in any of the Docks to any other person, except in connection with the conveyance to that person of title to the Unit to which the Docks are appurtenant. The Docks may be used only by the Co-owners of a Unit to which they are appurtenant, his or her family members who reside on the Unit, and his or her house guests. Only watercraft titled in the name of the Co-owner and his or her family members who reside on the Unit may be tied to or use the Dock that is appurtenant to that Unit. Each Unit to which the Limited Common Element Docks are appurtenant may place only one boat or other watercraft at the Docks in the place designated by the Association for that Unit’s use. The Docks described herein are the only docks, slips or mooring facilities that may be erected, installed, maintained or used in the Project by the respective Co-owners of Units ____________No boat hoists, docks or other facilities for watercraft may be maintained anywhere on the Condominium Premises without the prior written consent of the Developer.
Section 3. Structures on Units Not Common Elements. All structures and improvements located within the boundaries of a Home site shall be owned in their entirety by the Co-owner of the Home site on which they are located and shall not be Common Elements.
Section 4. Responsibilities. The responsibilities for the maintenance, decoration, repair and replacement of the Common Elements are:
A. Co-owner Responsibilities.
1. Home sites. The responsibility for and the costs of maintenance, decoration, repair, replacement and insurance (both property and liability) of each Home site (including all easement areas located on the Home site), all improvements on that Home site (except actual physical improvements that are General Common Elements) and all Limited Common Elements appurtenant thereto shall be borne by the Co-owner of the Unit in that Home site or to which the Limited Common Element appertains, subject to the maintenance, appearance and other standards contained in the Bylaws and Rules and Regulations of the Association.
2. Utility Services. The responsibility for and cost of maintenance, repair and replacement of all utility laterals and leads within a Home site shall be borne by the Co-owner of the Unit in that Homesite, except to the extent that those expenses are borne by a utility company or a public authority.
3. Waterfront Land and Beach Areas. The responsibility for and the costs of maintenance,decoration, repair, replacement and insurance (both property and liability) of each Beach area described in Article IV, Section 2.D. of this Master Deed, and all improvements on that Beach area shall be borne equally by the Co-owners of the Units to which the particular Limited Common Element Beach area appertains, subject to the maintenance, appearance and other standards contained in the Bylaws and Rules and Regulations of the Association.
4. Docks. The responsibility for and the costs of maintenance, decoration, repair, replacement and insurance (both property and liability) of each Dock described in Article IV, Section 2.E. of this Master Deed, and all improvements on that Dock shall be borne equally by the Co-owners of the Units to which the particular Limited Common Element Dock appertains, subject to the maintenance, appearance and other standards contained in the Bylaws and Rules and Regulations of the Association.
B. Association Responsibilities. The costs of maintenance, repair and replacement of all General Common Elements except the part of the General Common Elements located within a Home site shall be borne by the Association, subject to any contrary provisions of the Bylaws. The foregoing notwithstanding, the Association may expend funds for landscaping, decoration, maintenance, repair and replacement of the General Common Element roadways, even after any dedication to the public, and such costs and expenses shall be costs of operation and maintenance of the Condominium.
Section 5. Utility Systems. Some or all of the utility lines, systems (including mains and service leads) and equipment and the telecommunications facilities, if any, described above may be owned by the local public authority or by the company that is providing the pertinent service. Accordingly, the utility lines, systems and equipment, and any telecommunications and cable television facilities, shall be Common Elements only to the extent of the Co-owners’ interest in those items, if any, and Developer makes no warranty whatever with respect to the nature or extent of that interest, if any. The extent of the Developer’s and Association’s responsibility will be to see to it that water, sanitary sewer,telephone, electric and natural gas mains are installed within reasonable proximity to, but not within, the Units. Each Co-owner will be entirely responsible for arranging for and paying all costs in connection with extension of utilities by laterals from the mains to any structures and fixtures located within the Units.
Section 6. Use of Units and Common Elements. No Co-owner shall use his Unit or the Common Elements in any way inconsistent with the purposes of the Project or in any way that will interfere with or impair the rights of any other Co-owner in the use and enjoyment of his Unit or the Common Elements. No person shall use the General Common Element land area, which is designated on the Condominium Subdivision Plan as “Picnic Area” for purposes of gaining access to the waters of Loon Lake, the terms of any other document previously in the ___________________office of the County Register of Deeds notwithstanding. No motorized or mechanically powered or mechanically supplemented (e.g., paddle boats) watercraft of any kind shall be used or placed in the water area designated as “Motor Restricted Area” on the Condominium Subdivision Plan for the Project.
Section 7. Special Provisions for Roads, Storm Water Detention Areas and Filtration Facilities. The Association shall have the responsibility for the maintenance, repair,operation and replacement of the roads, storm water detention areas and storm water filtration facilities in the Project. The expenses of repair, maintenance, operation and replacement of the roads, storm water detention areas and storm water filtration facilities and any reserve for the replacement thereof shall be expenses of administration of the Project, and shall be assessed against all Co-owners of Units in the Project. Except in thecase of Co-owner fault, each of those Units shall be assessed a proportionate share equal to its percentage of value as set forth in Article V, below, of the expenses of repair,maintenance, operation and replacement of the roads, storm water detention areas and storm water filtration facilities, which may be assessed as part of the regular assessments and/or as special assessments against those Units. The operation, maintenance, repair and replacement of the roads, storm water detention areas and storm water filtration facilities are further subject to the terms and provisions of the Bylaws of the Project. The roads,storm water detention areas and storm water filtration facilities shall be operated, maintained, repaired and replaced in accordance with the provisions of the Master Deed and Bylaws for the Project, all rules and regulations for the Project, and all applicable federal, state and local statutes, laws, ordinances and regulations. If the Association or its contractors or agents fails to comply with the roads, storm water detention areas and storm water filtration facilities operation, maintenance, repair or replacement requirements set forth in the Master Deed, the Bylaws and applicable laws, then, in addition to all other remedies available under applicable law, the_______________________ , the __________________ County Road Commission, the ______________________Department of Environmental Quality, and their respective contractors and agents, may, at their option, with or without notice, enter onto the Project or any Unit that is not in compliance and perform any necessary maintenance, repair, replacement and/or operation of or on the roads, storm water detention areas and storm water filtration facilities. In that event, the Association shall reimburse the __________________, the County and/or their contractors all costs incurred by it in performing the necessary maintenance, repair, replacement and/or operation of or on the roads, storm water detention areas and storm water filtration facilities, plus an administrative fee of 15%. If the Association does not reimburse the ________________ for those costs, then the _____________________, at its option, may assess the cost therefor against the Co-owners of the Units in the Project, to be collected as a special assessment on the next annual tax roll of the ___________________ . At a minimum, the Association shall establish an annual inspection and maintenance program for the roads, storm water detention areas and storm water filtration facilities in the Project. This provision may not be modified, amended, or terminated without the consent of the ____________________ .
Section 8. Non-liability of Developer and Association for Use of Common Elements. Neither the Developer nor the Association shall have any liability to any Co-owner or other person for personal injury or property damage resulting from that Co-owner’s or person’s use of the Common Elements, including but not limited to the paths, and beaches, and any recreational facilities and equipment owned or provided by the Developer or the Association. Each such Co-owner and other person shall exercise reasonable care in using those common elements, facilities and equipment.
Section 9. Open Space. All open space shown on Exhibit B and on the site plan approved bythe of for the Project shall remain forever dedicated as common element open space and operated, administered and managed by the Association, and shall be perpetually maintained in the manner approved by the ________________of ________________ . The dedicated open space shall forever remain open space, subject only to the uses approved by theof on the approved site plan for the Project. Further subdivision of the open space or its use for other than recreation, conservation or agricultural purposes, and easements for utilities and septic systems, is strictly prohibited. This provision is binding upon all current and future owners of all or any part of the real property described in Article II, above. This Section 9 shall not be modified without approval of the of .
ARTICLE V: UNIT DESCRIPTIONS AND PERCENTAGES OF VALUE.
Section 1. Description of Units. Each Unit in the Condominium Project is described in this paragraph with reference to the Condominium Subdivision Plan of ________________________ as prepared by ________________ . (Exhibit B). The Project consists of site Units. Each Unit consists of the volume of land and air within the Unit boundaries as delineated with heavy outlines on Exhibit B.
Section 2. Percentages of Value. All of the Units shall have equal percentages of value, because the Units place approximately equal burdens on the Common Elements. The percentage of value assigned to each Unit shall determine each Co-owner’s share of the Common Elements, the proportionate share of each Co-owner in the proceeds and expenses of administration and the value of the Co-owner’s vote at meetings of the Association.
ARTICLE VI: SUBDIVISION, CONSOLIDATION AND OTHER MODIFICATIONS OF UNITS. Units in the Condominium may be subdivided, consolidated, modified and the boundaries relocated, in accordance with Sections 48 and 49 of the Act and this Article. The resulting changes in the affected Unit or Units shall be promptly reflected in a duly recorded amendment or amendments to this Master Deed.
Section 1. By Developer. Subject to approval by _________________ under the __________________Zoning ordinance and Condominium Ordinance, Developer reserves the sole right during the Development Period, without the consent of any other Co-owner or any mortgagee of any Unit, to:
A. Subdivide Units. Subdivide or resubdivide any Units that it owns.
B. Consolidate Contiguous Units. Consolidate under single ownership two or more contiguous Units that it owns.
C. Relocate Boundaries. Relocate any boundaries between adjoining Units that it owns. In connection with any subdivision, consolidation or relocation of boundaries of Units by the Developer, the Developer may modify, add to or remove Common Elements, and designate or redesignate them as General or Limited Common Elements and shall reallocate the percentages of value of the affected Units, as required by the Act. These changes shall be given effect by an appropriate amendment(s) to this Master Deed, which shall be prepared and recorded by and at the expense of the Developer.
Section 2. By Co-owners. Subject to approval by ________________________________under the Zoning ordinance and Condominium Ordinance and, during the Development Period, the Developer, one or more Co-owners may:
A. Subdivision of Units. Subdivide or resubdivide any Units that he owns upon written request to the Association.
B. Consolidation of Units; Relocation of Boundaries. Consolidate under single ownership two or more contiguous Units that they own to eliminate boundaries or relocate the boundaries between those Units upon written request to the Association.
These changes shall be given effect by an appropriate amendment(s) to this Master Deed, which shall be prepared and recorded by the Association. The Co-owner(s) requesting the changes shall bear all costs of preparation and recording of the amendment(s). The changes shall become effective upon recording of the amendment in the office of the ________________________ County Register of Deeds.
Section 3. Limited Common Elements. Limited Common Elements shall be subject to assignment and reassignment in accordance with Section 39 of the Act and in furtherance of the rights to subdivide, consolidate or relocate boundaries described in this Article VI.
Section 4. Construction of Improvements on Units. Subject to the restrictions contained in the Condominium Documents, including the Rules and Regulations of the Project, as amended, a Co-owner may construct on his Unit one single_family residence. All construction shall be in accordance with and subject to the Rules and Regulations and all applicable codes, ordinances, statutes, laws, rules, regulations and private use restrictions, including but not limited the _________________________ Zoning Ordinance.
ARTICLE VII: EXPANSION OF PROJECT.
Section 1. AREA OF FUTURE DEVELOPMENT. The Condominium Project established pursuant to the initial Master Deed of _____________________and consisting of 82 Units is intended to be the first stage of an Expandable Condominium under the Act to contain in its entirety a maximum ____________of Units. Additional Units, if any, will be constructed upon all or some portion or portions of the following described land:
(“the Area of Future Development”).
Section 2. INCREASE IN NUMBER OF UNITS. Therefore, any other provisions of this Master Deed notwithstanding, the number of Units in the Project may, at the option of the Developer or its successors or assigns, from time to time, within a period ending no later than six years from the date of recording of this Master Deed, be increased by the addition to this Condominium of any portion of the area of future development. The location, nature, and appearance of all such additional Units shall be determined by Developer in its sole discretion subject only to approval by the _____________________________of _________________________ .
Section 3. EXPANSION NOT MANDATORY. Nothing herein contained, however, shall in any way obligate Developer to enlarge the Condominium Project beyond the phase established by this Master Deed and Developer (or its successor or assigns) may, in its discretion, establish all or a portion of said area of future development as rental development, a separate condominium project (or projects) or any other form of development. There are no restrictions on the election of the Developer to expand the Project other than as explicitly set forth herein. There is no obligation on the part of the Developer to add to the Condominium Project all or any portion of the area of future development described in this Article VII nor is there any obligation to add portions thereof in any particular order nor to construct particular improvements thereon in any specific locations. None of the additional land and Unit area may be devoted to other than residential use.
Section 4. AMENDMENT OF MASTER DEED AND MODIFICATION OF PERCENTAGES OF VALUE. Such increase in size of this Condominium Project shall be given effect by an appropriate amendment or amendments to this Master Deed in the manner provided by law, which amendment or amendments shall be prepared by and at the discretion of the Developer or its successors and in which the percentages of value set forth in Article V hereof shall be proportionately readjusted in order to preserve a total value of 100 for the entire Project resulting from such amendment or amendments to this Master Deed. The precise determination of the readjustments in percentages of value shall be made within the sole judgment of Developer. Such readjustments, however shall reflect a continuing reasonable relationship among percentages of value based upon the method of original determination of percentages of value for the Project.
Section 5. REDEFINITION OF COMMON ELEMENTS. Such amendment or amendments to the Master Deed shall also contain such further definitions and redefinitions of General or Limited Common Elements as may be necessary to adequately describe, serve and provide access to the additional parcel or parcels being added to the Project by such amendment. In connection with any such amendment(s), Developer shall have the right to change the nature of any Common Element previously included in the Project for any purpose reasonably necessary to achieve the purposes of this Article, including, but not limited to, the connection of roadways and sidewalks to the Project to any roadways and sidewalks that may be located on, or planned for the area of future development, and to provide access to any Unit that is located on, or planned for the area of future development from the roadways and sidewalks located in the Project. Any change in or redefinition of the Common Elements shall not alter the open space plan approved by _______________________ _______________________without the prior approval of _____________________under the _____________________Zoning Ordinance and Condominium Ordinance.
Section 6. CONSOLIDATING MASTER DEED. A Consolidating Master Deed shall be recorded pursuant to the Act when the Project is finally concluded as determined by Developer in order to incorporate into one set of instruments all successive stages of development. The Consolidating Master Deed, when recorded, shall supersede the previously recorded Master Deed and all amendments thereto.
Section 7. CONSENT OF INTERESTED PERSONS. All of the Co-owners and mortgagees of Units and other persons interested or to become interested in the Project from time to time shall be deemed to have irrevocably and unanimously consented to such amendment or amendments to this Master Deed to effectuate the foregoing and to any proportionate reallocation of percentages of value of existing Units which Developer or its successors may determine to be necessary in conjunction with such amendment or amendments. All suchinterested persons irrevocably appoint Developer or its successors as agent and attorney for the purpose of execution of such amendment or amendments to the Master Deed and all other documents necessary to effectuate the foregoing.
ARTICLE VIII: EASEMENTS.
Section 1. Easement for Utilities. There shall be easements to, through and over the land in the Condominium (including all Units and their adjoining Limited Common Element setback areas) for the continuing maintenance, repair, replacement and enlargement of any General Common Element utilities in the Condominium as depicted on the Condominium Subdivision Plan as amended from time to time. If any portion of a structure located within a Unit encroaches upon a Common Element due to shifting, settling or moving of a building, or due to survey errors, construction deviations or change in ground elevations, reciprocal easements shall exist for the maintenance of that encroachment for as long as that encroachment exists, and for its maintenance after rebuilding in the event of destruction.
Section 2. Easements Retained by Developer.
A. Roadway Easements. (1) Developer reserves for the benefit of itself, its successors and assigns, an easement for the unrestricted use of all roads and walkways in the Condominium for the purpose of ingress and egress to and from all or any portions of the Project and the real property described in Article VII. All expenses of maintenance, repair, replacement and resurfacing of any road referred to in this Article shall be shared by this Condominium and any developed portions of the contiguous land described in Article VII whose closest means of access to a public road is over such road or roads. The Co-owners of this Condominium shall be responsible from time to time for payment of a proportionate share of those expenses which share shall be determined by multiplying those expenses by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of Units in this Condominium, and the denominator of which is comprised of the number of those Units plus all other dwelling Units in the adjoining land described in Article VII whose closest means of access to the public road is over that road. Developer further reserves the right during the Development Period to install temporary construction roadways and access ways over the General Common Elements in order to gain access to the Project and the real property described in Article VII from a public road.
(2) The Developer reserves the right at any time until the lapse of two (2) years after the expiration of the Development Period, and the Association shall have the right subsequent to that period, to dedicate to the public a right-of-way of such width as may be required by the local public authority over any or all of the General Common Element roadways in .___________________ That right-of-way dedication may be made by the Developer without the consent of any Co-owner, mortgagee or other person and shall be evidenced by an appropriate amendment to this Master Deed and Exhibit B, recorded in the _______________ County Records. Any such dedication shall be subject to approval of __________________ under the ____________________Zoning ordinance and Condominium Ordinance.
(3) The Developer reserves the exclusive right until the lapse of the Development Period to maintain, repair, replace, decorate and landscape the Entrance ways and Roadways in the Project. The nature, extent and expense of maintenance, repair, maintenance, replacement, decoration and landscaping shall be at the sole discretion of the Developer. All costs and expenses of initial installation of decorations and landscaping shall not be costs and expenses of administration and operation of the Condominium, but shall be borne by the Developer. All costs and expenses of maintenance, repair, maintenance, replacement, decoration and landscaping other than for the initial installation of those improvements shall be costs and expenses of operation and administration of the Condominium. As used in this Paragraph (3), the term “Entrance ways and Roadways” shall include but shall not be limited to the paved portions of the General Common Element roads, including but not limited to median strips and planting and green areas, and all General Common Element land areas located within 400 feet of the centerline of _________________Road. After expiration of the Development Period or when Developer assigns to the Association or to another person the Developer’s rights under this Paragraph A(3), the Association shall have the responsibility for maintenance, repair, replacement, decoration and landscaping of the entranceways to the extent those areas are General Common Elements for which the Association would otherwise have those responsibilities under the Master Deed and Bylaws for the Project.
(4) Certain parcels of real property that are not located in the Project have been granted easements for ingress and egress over the General Common Element roads shown on the Condominium Subdivision Plan for the Project. In addition, one of those parcels has aneasement for ingress and egress over a 30 feet wide strip that straddles the common boundary line of Units ________________and ________________ . Those easements are or shall be evidenced by documents recorded in the office ______________of the County Register of Deeds.
B. Utility Easements. The Developer also hereby reserves for the benefit of itself, its successors and assigns, and all present and future owners of all or part of the real property described in Article VII, perpetual easements to utilize, tap, tie into, extend and enlarge all utility mains located in the Condominium Premises, including, but not limited to, water, gas, telephone, electrical, cable television, storm and sanitary sewer mains for the purpose of servicing any and all developments located or to be located on the real property described in Article VII. In the event the Developer, its successors or assigns, utilizes, taps, ties into, extends or enlarges any utilities located on the Condominium Premises, it shall be obligated to pay all of the expenses reasonably necessary to restore the Condominium Premises to their state immediately prior to such utilization, tapping, tying_in, extension or enlargement. All expenses of maintenance, upkeep, repair and replacement of the utility mains described in this Article shall be shared by this Condominium and any developed portions of the contiguous land described in Article VII that benefit from those utility mains. The Co-owners of this Condominium shall be responsible from time to time for payment of a proportionate share of those expenses which share shall be determined by multiplying those expenses by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of Units in this Condominium, and the denominator of which is comprised of the number of those Units plus all other dwelling Units in the adjoining land described in Article VII that benefit from those utility mains. Provided, however, that the foregoing expenses are to be so paid and shared only if those expenses are not borne by a governmental agency or public utility. Provided, further, that the expense sharing shall be applicable only to utility mains and all expenses of maintenance, upkeep, repair and replacement of utility leads shall be borne by the Association to the extent such leads are located on the Condominium and by the owner or owners of the land described in Article VII or portion thereof upon which are located the dwelling Units which the lead or leads services. C. Granting Utility Rights to Agencies. The Developer reserves the right at any time until the lapse of two (2) years after the expiration of the Development Period, and theAssociation shall have the right thereafter, to grant easements for utilities over, under and across the Condominium to appropriate governmental agencies or public utility companies and to transfer title of utilities to governmental agencies or to utility companies. Any easement or transfer of title may be conveyed by the Developer without the consent of any Co-owner, mortgagee or other person and shall be evidenced by an appropriate amendment to this Master Deed and Exhibit B recorded in the __________________ County Records.
D. Developer’s Right of Use. The Developer, its successors and assigns, agents and employees, may maintain facilities as necessary on the Condominium Premises to facilitate the construction, development and sale of the Units including offices, models, storage areas, maintenance areas and parking. The Developer shall also have the right of access to and over the Project to permit the construction, development and sale of the Units.
Section 3. Grant of Easements by Association. The Association, acting through its lawfully constituted Board of Directors (including any Board of Directors acting prior to the Transitional Control Date) shall be empowered and obligated to grant easements, licenses, Rights-of-entry and rights-of-way over, under and across the Condominium Premises for utility purposes, access purposes or other lawful purposes that may be necessary for the benefit of the Condominium subject, however, to the approval of the Developer so long as the Development Period has not expired.
Section 4. Association Easements for Maintenance, Repair and Replacement. The Developer, the Association and all public or private utilities shall have such easements over, under, across and through the Condominium Premises, including all Units and Common , as may be necessary to fulfill any responsibilities of maintenance, repair, decoration, replacement or upkeep which they or any of them are required or permitted to perform under the Condominium Documents or by law or to respond to any emergency or common need of the Condominium.
Section 5. Telecommunications Agreements. The Association, acting through its duly constituted Board of Directors and subject to the Developer’s approval during the Development Period, shall have the power to grant easements, licenses and other rights of entry, use and access and to enter into any contract or agreement, including wiring agreements, right_of_way agreements, access agreements and multi_unit agreements and, to the extent allowed by law, contracts for sharing of any installation or periodic subscriber service fees as may be necessary, convenient or desirable to provide for telecommunications, video text, broad band cable, satellite dish, earth antenna and similar services (collectively “Telecommunications”) to the Project or any Unit. However, the Board of Directors shall not enter into any contract or agreement or grant any easement, license or right of entry or do any other act or thing that will violate any provision of any federal, state or local law or ordinance. Any and all sums paid by any Telecommunications or other company or entity in connection with such service, including fees, if any, for the privilege of installing same or sharing periodic subscriber service fees, shall be receipts affecting the administration of the Condominium Project within the meaning of the Act and shall be paid over to and shall be the property of the Association.
Section 6. Other Community Easements. The Developer (or the Association after the expiration of the Development Period) shall have the right to grant any other easements on the General Common Elements that are necessary or desirable for development, community usage, coordinated maintenance and operation of ________________and to confer responsibilities and jurisdiction for administration and maintenance of those easements upon the administrator of ______________________.
Section 7. Easement for Maintenance of Roads, Storm Water Detention Areas and Filtration Facilities. The Association, the _________________County Road Commission, the ____________________ Department of Environmental Quality, and the _________________________ of and their respective contractors, employees, agents and assigns are hereby granted a permanent and irrevocable easement to enter onto the General Common Elements, onto each Unit serviced by the roads, storm water detention areas and storm water filtration facilities, and onto the Limited Common Elements appurtenant to those Units for the purpose of inspections, improvement, repairing, maintaining (including preventative maintenance), and/or replacing the roads, storm water detention areas and storm water filtration facilities or any portion thereof. The area of the Condominium Premises that contains any part of the roads, storm water detention areas and storm water filtration facilities shall be maintained in a manner so as to be accessible at all times and shall contain no structures or landscaping features that would unreasonably interfere with such access. This easement shall not be modified, amended or terminated without the consent of the ______________________ of__________________________ .
Section 8. Easement for Emergency Access. The __________________of ___________________ , the County of_________________________ , the State of _______________________ , their respective agencies, departments and contractors, and all other appropriate governmental authorities and their respective contractors, employees,agents and assigns are hereby granted a permanent and irrevocable easement to enter onto the Common Elements of the Project for the purpose of providing emergency services such as, by way of example and not limitation, police, fire and emergency medical and evacuation services.
Section 9. No Access to Loon Lake. Except as an appurtenance to title to Units _______________of the Project, as described in Article IV, Section 2.D. of this Master Deed, there shall be no easement or access for any person to the waters of Loon Lake over and across any part of the General Common Elements or Limited Common Elements, the terms of any other document previously in the office of the ____________________ County Register of Deeds notwithstanding.
ARTICLE IX: AMENDMENT. This Master Deed and the Condominium Subdivision Plan may be amended with the consent of 66_2/3% of the Co-owners, except that:
Section 1. Modification of Units or Common Elements. A Unit’s dimensions, and the nature, extent and the responsibility for maintenance, repair or replacement of its appurtenant Limited Common Elements may not be modified in any material way without the written consent of the Co-owner and mortgagee of that Unit.
Section 2. Mortgagee Consent. A proposed amendment that would materially alter or change the rights of mortgagees generally shall require the approval of 66_2/3% of all first mortgagees of record allocating one vote for each mortgage held.
Section 3. By Developer. Prior to 1 year after expiration of the Development Period, the Developer may, without the consent of any Co-owner or any other person, amend the Condominium Documents to correct survey or other errors and make other amendments that do not materially affect any rights of any Co-owners or mortgagees in the Project.
Section 4. Change in Percentage of Value. The value of the vote of any Co-owner, the corresponding proportion of common expenses assessed against him and the percentage of value assigned to his Unit shall not be modified without his and his mortgagee’s written consent, except as otherwise provided in the Condominium Documents.
Section 5. Termination, Vacation, Revocation or Abandonment. The Condominium Project may not be terminated, vacated, revoked or abandoned without the written consent of the Developer and 80% of non-Developer Co-owners.
Section 6. Developer Approval. During the Development Period, the Master Deed and Exhibits A and B shall not be amended or modified without the written consent of the Developer.
Section 7. ______________________ Approval. This Master Deed and the Exhibits attached to this Master deed shall
not be amended without the approval of the City of ___________________ .
ARTICLE X: ASSIGNMENT. The Developer may assign any or all of its rights or powers under the Condominium Documents or law, to another person or the Association by an appropriate written document duly recorded in the office of the ________________County Register of Deeds.
DATED this the _________________ day of ____________________, 20 .________
Developer ________________________________
Add acknowledgment
State Specific Condominium Forms
—- For State Specific Condominium Forms you can download in Word format, go to
http://www.uslegalforms.com/condominiums/
Inside Master Deed
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WMAP results based on nine years of observations
Image caption: WMAP was the first spacecraft to use the sun-Earth second Lagrange point, or L2, as its permanent observing station. This point is a million miles from Earth in the direction opposite the sun. In this artists image, WMAP is seen at the L2 point with the sun, Earth, and moon behind it as it scans the cosmos. The James Webb Space Telescope will be headed to L2 as well.
Image credit: NASA / WMAP SCIENCE TEAM
By Lisa De Nike
/ Published Feb 2013
Since its launch in 2001, the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe space mission has revolutionized our view of the universe, establishing a cosmological model that explains a widely diverse collection of astronomical observations. Led by Johns Hopkins astrophysicist Charles L. Bennett, the WMAP science team has determined, to a high degree of accuracy and precision, not only the age of the universe but also the density of atoms, the density of all other nonatomic matter, the epoch when the first stars started to shine, the "lumpiness" of the universe, and how that lumpiness depends on scale size.
In short, when used alone (with no other measurements), WMAP observations have made our knowledge of those six parameters about 68,000 times more precise, thereby converting cosmology from a field of often wild speculation to a precision science.
Now, two years after the probe "retired," Bennett and the WMAP science team have released its final results, based on a full nine years of observations.
"It is almost miraculous," says Bennett, the Alumni Centennial Professor of Physics and Astronomy and a Johns Hopkins Gilman Scholar in the university's Krieger School of Arts and Sciences. "The universe encoded its autobiography in the microwave patterns we observe across the whole sky. When we decoded it, the universe revealed its history and contents. It is stunning to see everything fall into place."
WMAP's "baby picture of the universe" maps the afterglow of the hot, young universe at a time when it was only 375,000 years old, a tiny fraction of its current age of 13.77 billion years. The patterns in this baby picture were used to limit what could have possibly happened earlier, and what happened in the billions of years since that early time. The (misnamed) "big bang" framework of cosmology, which posits that the young universe was hot and dense, and has been expanding and cooling ever since, is now solidly supported, according to WMAP.
WMAP observations also support an add-on to the big bang framework to account for the earliest moments of the universe. Called "inflation," the theory says that the universe underwent a dramatic early period of expansion, growing by more than a trillion trillion-fold in less than a trillionth of a trillionth of a second. Tiny fluctuations were generated during this expansion that eventually grew to form galaxies.
Remarkably, WMAP's precision measurement of the properties of the fluctuations has confirmed specific predictions of the simplest version of inflation: The fluctuations follow a bell curve with the same properties across the sky, and there are equal numbers of hot and cold spots on the map. WMAP also confirms the predictions that the amplitude of the variations in the density of the universe on big scales should be slightly larger than smaller scales, and that the universe should obey the rules of Euclidean geometry so the interior angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees.
Recently, noted theoretical physicist and cosmologist Stephen Hawking commented in New Scientist that WMAP's evidence for inflation was the most exciting development in physics during his career.
Atoms make up only 4.6 percent of the universe. A much greater fraction, 24 percent, is a different kind of matter that has gravity but does not emit any light, and is called "dark matter." The biggest fraction of the current composition of the universe, 71 percent, is a source of anti-gravity (sometimes called "dark energy") that is driving an acceleration of the expansion of the universe.
Gary F. Hinshaw of the University of British Columbia, who is part of the WMAP science team, says that "WMAP observations form the cornerstone of the standard model of cosmology.
"Other data are consistent, and when combined we now know precise values for the history, composition, and geometry of the universe," he says.
WMAP has also provided the timing of the epoch when the first stars began to shine, when the universe was about 400 million years old. The upcoming James Webb Space Telescope is specifically designed to study that period that has added its signature to the WMAP observations. WMAP launched on June 30, 2001, and maneuvered to its observing station near the second Lagrange point of the Earth-sun system, a million miles from Earth in the direction opposite the sun. From there, WMAP scanned the heavens, mapping out tiny temperature fluctuations across the full sky. The first results were issued in February 2003, with major updates in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and the final release in December 2012. The mission was selected by NASA in 1996, the result of an open competition held in 1995. It was confirmed for development in 1997 and was built and ready for launch only four years later, on schedule and on budget.
"The last word from WMAP marks the end of the beginning in our quest to understand the universe," says Johns Hopkins astrophysicist Adam G. Riess, whose discovery of dark energy led to his being named a co-recipient of the 2011 Nobel Prize in physics. "WMAP has brought precision to cosmology, and the universe will never be the same."
More from the February 2013 issue
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10 JHU scientists awarded NARSAD research grants
By Vanessa McMains
/ Published Oct 2013
The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (formerly known as NARSAD, or the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression) has announced 10 new grants, totaling $600,000, to Johns Hopkins researchers, who are among this year's 200 recipients.
The NARSAD grants program, begun in 1987, invests in early-career scientists' bold and original research ideas. One hundred Johns Hopkins researchers have received approximately $9 million in NARSAD grants over the years.
Jeffrey Borenstein, president and CEO of the foundation, notes that the NARSAD Young Investigator Grants enable early-career scientists to garner pilot data for innovative ideas before they have "proof of concept" for their work. "After our initial funding, they usually go on to receive sustained grant support from other sources that has proven to equal as much as 50 times the original NARSAD grant amount. Our grants offer the first critical backing of their work," he says.
The 2013 Johns Hopkins grant recipients and their projects are as follows.
Ashley M. Blouin will explore whether a gene called Narp (neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin) is acting in the brain to mediate the antidepressant effect of electroconvulsive therapy, research that could aid the development of new treatments for resistant depression with fewer side effects.
Solange P. Brown seeks to clarify the role of particular neurons located below the cerebral cortex that are known to be abnormally distributed in schizophrenia.
Jennifer M. Coughlin will investigate the hypothesis that oxidative stress (an excess of free radicals) and the associated neuroinflammatory response may play a role in schizophrenia in high-risk people.
Yongjun Gao aims to develop more-effective radioligands—radioactive molecules that bind to receptor molecules—for use in PET imaging to examine the distribution of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are implicated in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, depression, and drug addiction.
Jia-Hua Hu will examine aspects of how cocaine addiction works by elucidating the mechanisms of a protein he identified as regulating dopamine signaling.
Pan Li will explore a possible regulatory mechanism affecting a protein called DISC (Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia), building on his earlier research suggesting that DISC2 regulates DISC1, with implications for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Keri Martinowich will focus on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or BDNF, a nerve growth factor protein, in mediating behavioral response to antidepressant therapy.
Rashelle J. Musci will explore the relationship between aggressive and impulsive suicidal behavior and genes associated with serotonin neurotransmission.
Frederick C. Nucifora will investigate whether mutant NPAS3, a protein associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and antipsychotic treatment efficacy, leads to abnormal neuronal structure and function.
Juan Song seeks to discover the cause of disturbances in gamma-frequency oscillation—rhythms that emerge during performance of cognitive tasks—which are thought to be a source of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia.
More from the October 2013 issue
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Applying a slide rule to baseball
By David Driver
/ Published Summer 2012
The book and subsequent film Moneyball tell the story of Billy Beane, the general manager of Major League Baseball's Oakland Athletics. To compete against richer teams such as the New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox, Beane began to look closer at the statistics of undervalued players who could help his team score runs without inflating the payroll. Beane's approach was grounded in a form of baseball data analysis that has come to be known as sabermetrics, defined by one of its foremost practitioners, Bill James, as "the search for objective knowledge about baseball."
James brought sabermetrics to popular attention in the 1980s, but one of the seminal works on objective analysis of baseball data was written by a Johns Hopkins professor of chemical engineering named Earnshaw Cook. The MIT Press published Cook's Percentage Baseball in 1964, and in the foreword he wrote, "This book has been written for those aficionados of percentage baseball who have managed to retain vestigial recollections of freshman mathematics. In a small concession to sanity, many derivations and calculations have been relegated to separate tables as less to interfere with continuity of discussion. The argument is not difficult but it is complicated because baseball is an exceedingly intricate game." Cook's publisher noted, "Among other theories that Cook attacks with irrefutable mathematical findings are the benefits of the sacrifice bunt, the use of relief pitchers, the traditional batting order, the hit-and-run play, and the standardization of baseball itself."
In Percentage Baseball, Cook, who was born in 1900 and died in 1987, notes that his father played shortstop for Gettysburg College, one of his uncles played for Lehigh University, and a distant cousin, George Earnshaw, won a league-high 24 games as a pitcher with the Philadelphia Athletics in 1929. Sportswriter Frank Deford interviewed Cook for an article in Sports Illustrated when Percentage Baseball was published, and recalls, "I remember him as quite the gentleman, extraordinarily helpful to someone like me who was so ignorant of math. He had a nice little sense of humor. He loved baseball and was amused that it was still played more traditionally than realistically. As such, he was well ahead of Bill James and all the latter-day statistical savants. Earnshaw wasn't smug about his statistics. He just was astonished that nobody had figured it out before him."
The sabermatrician James does not concur with MIT Press' assessment of Cook's work as "irrefutable." In his 1981 self-published Baseball Abstract, James wrote, "Cook knew everything about statistics and nothing at all about baseball—and for that reason, all of his answers are wrong, all of his methods useless." Wrong or not, Cook—or at least a copy of Percentage Baseball and the slide rule that he used while working on it—is part of the permanent collection of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York.
Posted in Athletics
Tagged mathematics, baseball
More from the Summer 2012 issue
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An examination of the man who placed the Ten Commandments in the Alabama supreme court building and defied tyrannical federal judges who demanded he remove the monument.
Conservative Spotlight: Roy Moore
jdagostino
“Chief Justice Roy Moore, while serving as chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court, did fail to uphold the integrity and independence of the judiciary as required by Canon 1 of the Alabama Canons of Judicial Ethics in that, in the circumstances described in paragraphs 1-21, he willfully failed to comply with an existing and binding court order directed to him.” So says the first charge against Roy Moore brought by the state Judicial Inquiry Commission before the state Court of the Judiciary. Chief Justice Moore dared to resist the unconstitutional demands of tyrannical federal judges who insisted that his stone monument of the Ten Commandments, installed in the rotunda of the Alabama supreme court building, somehow violated the 1st Amendment of the U.S. Constitution even though the monument did not involve Congress, making a law, or establishing a religion.
“In 1995, when Chief Justice Moore was a circuit judge, he displayed a small handmade wooden plaque of the Ten Commandments on his courtroom wall,” says the Foundation for Moral Law, a group with which Moore works. “He was sued by the ACLU whose desire was to force the removal of the plaque, and, more specifically, any public display of the Ten Commandments. The ACLU failed, and Judge Moore continued to display the Ten Commandments. . . . Shortly after his election to the Alabama Supreme Court, Chief Justice Moore installed a monument in the rotunda of the Alabama Judicial Building.”
This time, leftist federal judges got their way, and Moore’s monument has been moved into a closet at the supreme court building, though Moore has last-ditch petitions pending before the U.S. Supreme Court to bring the monument back into the light of day. Moore refused to obey the federal judges’ despotic decrees, but other Alabama officials complied with the order, and Moore himself has been barred from sitting as a justice until a November 12 hearing of the Court of the Judiciary on the charges against him.
“I think you’ve got to base your rulings on the law that you’re sworn to uphold,” said Moore in a recent interview. “That law is contained not only in your state statutory law, but in the United States Constitution. And I think that that Constitution and the laws of your state incorporate God’s law. Indeed, the moral questions we face are all grounded in Scripture and recognized in case law.” Not only that, but the Alabama state constitution specifically requires him to recognize God, said Moore-who believes he must obey the law rather than men, even tyrannical federal judges. “In the establishment of the justice system, there is a basic trait of sovereignty. In other words if you, if you have a sovereign state, one of the essential things to do to regulate the health, safety and welfare of your citizenry is to pass laws,” he said. “And to pass laws you’ve got to assure that these laws are applied equally and without discrimination, so you establish a justice system. Which justice system in Alabama, is established invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God [in the state constitution].”
Moore, who is fond of reeling off memorized quotes from Founding Fathers and leading American jurists, is an Alabama native who attended West Point and served in Vietnam. He hesitated to assert that the incorporation doctrine-the court-invented notion that has allowed the federal courts to impose creatively reinterpreted parts of the Bill of Rights, including the 1st Amendment, on state governments-should be done away with. “The incorporation doctrine has caused a lot of confusion because they’ve got the justices to say, well, we’ve got partial incorporation and you know, they incorporate what they want and what they don’t want, they don’t incorporate,” he said.
Moore, through the Foundation for Moral Law, has offered his two-and-a-half ton monument to Congress, which he hopes will place “Roy’s Rock” in its own rotunda. So far, congressional leaders have not responded.
Moore believes that the 1st Amendment and the Founding Fathers’ understanding of religion makes perfectly clear what is impermissible for government to do. “How you perform your religious duties is outside of government interference,” he said. “That gives you freedom of conscience. Carry it to the extreme if you want to go out and bow down to the sun god three times a day, it’s still your relationship to God. It’s just how you perform that. I might think you are crazy and unjustified, but it’s still your relationship to God. It is still your right.” Then he added, “Now if you want to go kill babies or something, that’s different.”
Moore may be reached c/o the Foundation for Moral Law, P.O. Box 610330, Birmingham, Ala. 35261 (866-317-0800; fax: 205-833-1200; e-mail: info@morallaw.org; website: www.morallaw.org).
Roll Call: House Refuses to Block Saudi Ex-Im Deals
Mel Gibson’s Unavoidable Questions
Written By jdagostino
Mr. D'Agostino, former associate editor of HUMAN EVENTS, is vice president for Communications at the Population Research Institute.
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Terri's only crime is that she has become an inconvenience<br><li><b><a href="http://apnews.myway.com//article/20050322/D8901A8G0.html">Judge Refuses to Order Terri's Feeding Tube Reinserted</a></b></li>
Schiavo Case Shows How ‘Right to Die’ Can Become ‘Right to Kill’
Terri’s only crime is that she has become an inconvenience
Judge Refuses to Order Terri’s Feeding Tube Reinserted
If the tragic case of Terri Schiavo shows nothing else, it shows how easily “the right to die” can become the right to kill. It is hard to believe that anyone, regardless of their position on euthanasia, would have chosen the agony of starvation and dehydration as the way to end someone’s life.
A New York Times headline on March 20th tried to assure us: “Experts Say Ending Feeding Can Lead to a Gentle Death” but you can find experts to say anything. In a December 2, 2002 story in the same New York Times, people starving in India were reported as dying, “often clutching pained stomachs.”
No murderer would be allowed to be killed this way, which would almost certainly be declared “cruel and unusual punishment,” in violation of the Constitution, by virtually any court.
Terri Schiavo’s only crime is that she has become an inconvenience — and is caught in the merciless machinery of the law. Those who think law is the answer to our problems need to face the reality that law is a crude and blunt instrument.
Make no mistake about it, Terri Schiavo is being killed. She is not being “allowed to die.”
She is not like someone whose breathing, blood circulation, kidney function, or other vital work of the body is being performed by machines. What she is getting by machine is what all of us get otherwise every day — food and water. Depriving any of us of food and water would kill us just as surely, and just as agonizingly, as it is killing Terri Schiavo.
Would I want to be kept alive in Terri Schiavo’s condition? No. Would I want to be killed so slowly and painfully? No. Would anyone? I doubt it.
Every member of Terri Schiavo’s family wants her kept alive — except the one person who has a vested interest in her death, her husband. Her death will allow him to marry the woman he has been living with, and having children by, for years.
Legally, he is Terri’s guardian and that legal technicality is all that gives him the right to starve her to death. Courts cannot remove guardians without serious reasons. But neither should they refuse to remove guardians with a clear conflict of interest.
There are no good solutions to this wrenching situation. It is the tragedy of the human condition in its most stark form.
The extraordinary session of Congress, calling members back from around the country, with the President flying back from his home in Texas in order to be ready to sign legislation dealing with Terri Schiavo, are things that do us credit as a nation.
Even if critics who claim that this is being done for political or ideological reasons are partially or even wholly correct, they still miss the point. It is the public’s sense of concern — in some cases, outrage — that is reflected by their elected representatives.
What can Congress do — and what effect will it have? We do not know and Congress does not know. Those who are pushing for legislation to save Terri Schiavo are obviously trying to avoid setting a precedent or upsetting the Constitutional balance.
It is an old truism that hard cases make bad law. No one wants all such cases to end up in either Congress or the federal courts. But neither do decent people want an innocent woman killed because she was inconvenient and a court refused to recognize the conflict of interests in her legal guardian.
The fervor of those who want to save Terri Schiavo’s life is understandable and should be respected, even by those who disagree. What is harder to understand is the fervor and even venom of those liberals who have gone ballistic — ostensibly over state’s rights, over the Constitutional separation of powers, and even over the sanctity of family decisions.
These are not things that liberals have any track record of caring about. Is what really bothers them the idea of the sanctity of life and what that implies for their abortion issue? Or do they hate any challenge to the supremacy of judges — on which the whole liberal agenda depends — a supremacy that the Constitution never gave the judiciary?
If nothing else comes out of all this, there needs to be a national discussion of some humane way to end life in those cases when it has to be ended — and this may not be one of those cases.
Rather Interview Staged
Conservative Could Win Maryland Senate Race
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The Newsweek and CBS fiascos reveal a lot
The Disguise Is Falling Off the Liberal Media
It was perhaps appropriate that Dan Rather received the prestigious Peabody award in journalism at the same time when Newsweek magazine was finally backing away from its false story about Americans flushing the Koran down the toilet at the Guantanamo prison.
At least Dan Rather’s forged documents didn’t get anybody killed, as the phony Newsweek story did. What is even more revealing — and appalling — about the mainstream media is that they are now circling the wagons around Newsweek, to protect it from criticism, just as they circled the wagons around Dan Rather last year, and now give him an award this year to put the frosting on the cake.
If the forged documents at CBS and the phony story at Newsweek were just isolated mistakes, that would be one thing. But media liberals have made themselves accessories after the fact, by springing to the defense of such indefensible misconduct.
In a sense, that is good. It makes it easier for the public to see that the forged documents and the fake story were not just odd things that happened to a couple of people but were symptomatic of a mindset among many others who sprang to their defense.
Someone referred to the story about George Bush’s National Guard service as "too good to check." In other words, it fit their vision so well, and scored a point that they wanted to score against President Bush, that it hardly seemed worthwhile to check out the facts.
That is almost certainly what happened with the story about Americans flushing the Koran down the toilet at the Guantanamo prison. It seems unlikely that Newsweek simply made up the story out of whole cloth. But, once they heard it, it was "too good to check."
All this goes back to a more fundamental problem with the mainstream media. Too many journalists see their work as an opportunity to promote their own pet political notions, rather than a responsibility to inform the public and let their readers and viewers decide for themselves.
It is not a question of being "fair" to this or that side but of being honest with their readers and viewers.
Columnists and editorial writers are expected to offer opinions but reporters are expected to report facts. However, that distinction is increasingly blurred, with the front page of the New York Times often providing classic examples of editorials disguised as news.
What happened to Dan Rather last year and to Newsweek this year is that the disguise fell off when the "news" that they were trying to sell turned out to be fake and all that was left exposed was their animosity toward the Bush administration.
The Peabody award to Dan Rather drives home the point that the mainstream media have learned nothing and are thumbing their noses at their critics — and ultimately at those readers and viewers who are looking for enlightenment, rather than spin.
Abraham Lincoln said that you can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time. The steady erosion of the audience that watches CBS, ABC, and NBC television news, and the declining circulation of the leading newspapers, all indicate that more and more people are unwilling to be fooled.
The swift rise of talk radio, Fox News and the bloggers all reinforce the conclusion of a growing disillusionment with the mainstream media that once had a monopoly and abused it.
A reader recently suggested this formula: Monopoly plus discretion minus accountability equals corruption. That kind of corruption can be found not only in the mainstream media but also in two of our most important institutions, the public schools and the federal courts.
Both the schools and the courts flatter themselves that their job is to change society. So does much of the media. But what qualifies these people to be world-changers? They are usually poorly informed about science, uninformed about history and misinformed about economics.
And who elected them to change the world while pretending to be doing something else and betraying their trust?
Newsweek Dissembled, Readers Dismembered!
N.Y. Times Joins Liberal Crusade Against Wal-Mart
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There’s a Reason Union Membership Is Plummeting
Linda Chavez
The AFL-CIO is celebrating its 50th anniversary this year, but don’t expect any champagne to be flowing at the organization’s annual convention next week. It’s been a lousy year — indeed a miserable several decades — for Big Labor. With union membership falling to historic lows and the unions’ political clout on the wane, even while unions pour, literally, hundreds of millions of dollars into politics, the coup de grace for the AFL-CIO may come at the convention itself. Five unions, including the federation’s biggest, have announced they will pull out of the group unless the AFL-CIO changes its focus to organizing new members. But even these dissident unions seem clueless when it comes to what really ails the shrinking labor movement.
Less than 8 percent of private sector workers belonged to a union in 2004, and, overall, only 12.5 percent of American workers carry a union card — down from about one-third of workers in labor’s heydays in the 1950s. If it weren’t for compulsory union membership laws in 27 states, the number would no doubt be even lower.
The unions claim the deck is stacked against them when it comes to labor laws, but the truth is many private and public sector workers are forced to pay union dues as a condition of their employment, yet they have little say in how the unions spend their money. Despite court rulings that grant union members the right to withhold that portion of their dues that goes beyond negotiating and administering the union contract, most union members — 78 percent according to one poll — are in the dark about their rights, and the unions themselves want to keep it that way. Nor has the National Labor Relations Board, the federal government’s chief enforcement agency, done much to force unions to inform their workers of their rights.
So how did unions spend their members’ money last year? The 1.8 million-member Service Employees International Union (SEIU), the largest union in the AFL-CIO and the one spearheading the threats to pull out of the federation next week, spent $65 million not organizing new members but trying to defeat President Bush and Republicans in Congress. The American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees spent $48 million in the same, failing effort. The AFL-CIO spent $44 million trying to defeat Bush, and the Laborers’ International Union of North America (LIUNA) spent another $8 million in the same quest.
But this is only the tip of the iceberg. These unions also gave millions to so-called 527 organizations, which can collect and spend unlimited amounts trying to elect or defeat candidates. According to its own press releases, the SEIU alone gave $26 million to America Coming Together, an anti-Bush 527, while the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) gave $1 million to the Media Fund to run ads against the president and Republicans. All of this money came from union dues, not from the voluntary contributions unions collect through their Political Action Committees, which spent an additional $52 million in the 2004 election cycle, 86 percent of it going to Democrats.
Some 43 percent of voters in union households voted for President Bush in 2004, according to exit poll data. But these union members have virtually no say in how their unions spend their hard-earned money. Next week’s vote among AFL-CIO union leaders won’t change that one whit. The president of the SEIU, Andy Stern, claims he wants the AFL-CIO to spend more on organizing new members and brags that his own union spends half its budget on signing up new members, a boast that is impossible to verify given the arcane methods unions use to hide their finances. But the AFL-CIO dissidents are among the worst offenders when it comes to wasting their members’ dues on politics. Enforcing union members’ right to withhold that portion of their dues that goes to politics would do more to reform the labor movement than any phony bolt from the AFL-CIO.
Sigh of Relief:
Afraid of Coulter?
Written By Linda Chavez
Mrs. Chavez is president of Stop Union Political Abuse.
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O’Connor Wins Democrats’ Praise, but Would She Get Their Votes Today?
Robert Bluey
As anyone who has been viewing the Supreme Court nomination hearing of Samuel Alito, Jr. has had opportunity to witness, each and every Democrat member of the Senate Judiciary Committee has praised retiring Justice Sandra Day O’Connor as a “model.” In other words, a model that Judge Alito is being measured against during these hearings — a litmus test, after a fashion — and a model which some Senate Democrats appear to believe he should emulate.
However, should Justice O’Connor be nominated today, she would likely receive few votes from those same Democrats. Justice O’Connor’s votes and opinions during her time on the Supreme Court would draw the ire of the committee members who have praised her, just as similar rulings by Judge Alito have since he was nominated. A few examples aptly demonstrate this point.
Read the rest of Sen. Cornyn’s op-ed, an exclusive to humanevents.com.
Bloggers’ Row Profile: The Political Teen
Stephen Dujack: Not Good Enough for Dems, but Suitable for PFAW
Written By Robert Bluey
Mr. Bluey, a contributing editor to Human Events, is director of the Center for Media & Public Policy at The Heritage Foundation. He maintains a blog at RobertBluey.com.
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Shiller P/E
BECAUSE STANDARD price-earnings ratios can be misleading, some investors rely on cyclically adjusted price-earnings ratios, or CAPE, a measure developed by Yale University professor Robert Shiller and fellow economist John Y. Campbell. CAPE is often referred to as the Shiller P/E.
The Shiller P/E is based on an average of reported earnings for the past 10 years, with earnings from earlier years adjusted upward to reflect inflation. This averaging has the benefit of smoothing out earnings, which can fluctuate widely from year to year. The average Shiller P/E was 20.2 over the past 50 years and 17.4 over the past 100 years. But the average since year-end 1989 has been 25.8, suggesting that the CAPE multiple may have moved into a permanently higher range. At the end of 2019’s second quarter, it stood at 30.6, high by historical standards.
If the Shiller P/E has moved permanently higher, that’s both good news and bad news. The good news is, we may not see a reversion back to the 50-year average P/E of 20.2, which would knock 34% off current share prices. The bad news is, with valuations so elevated, returns are likely to be modest because we probably won’t see valuations climb much higher. Those rising valuations have helped to contribute to the stock market’s impressive long-run return.
If you want to dig deeper into the data on U.S. market valuations, check out the Online Data tab on Robert Shiller’s home page. Meanwhile, you can find the Shiller P/E for foreign markets, as well as other valuation measures, by going to StarCapital.de. You can also find thought-provoking commentary on P/Es at CrestmontResearch.com.
Next: Earnings Yields
Previous: Price-Earnings Ratios
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Nagar was formerly a princely state which had existed for 1200 years. The state of hunza was previously under the domination of nagar and collectively called buroshall and their capital was capal dongs. But after the reign of the miyor khan his sons divided buroshall into nagar and hunza and declared the river as the border: muglot became the king of nagar and kirkis became the king of hunza. The british gained control of nagar during a battle at place of nilt (jangir-e-laye) between 1889 and 1892. The nagarkutch fought bravely but was defeated due to lack of weapons. The tham (chief) of that time, azur khan, was sent in exile to kashmir. For the british army, three soldiers were rewarded with the victoria cross and a mule was also rewarded with the medal for carrying a gun on its back.
The british retained nagar's status as a principality until their departure in 1947. The people of nagar and hunza were ruled by a local mir for more than 1200 years, which came to an end in 1974. Although never ruled directly by neighbouring kashmir or the british, nagar and hunza were a vassal of kashmir from the time of maharaja ranbir singh of jammu and kashmir. The mirs of both sent an annual tribute to the kashmir durbar until 1947, and along with the ruler of hunza, was considered to be among the most loyal vassals of the maharaja of kashmir.after the change in pakistani central government to a democracy on 25 september 1974 zulfikar ali bhutto dissolved the princely states of nagar as well as hunza and set the prisoners free and gave democratic representation to the northern areas council, now the northern areas legislative council . Nagar was formerly a princely state which had existed for 1200 years. The state of hunza was previously under the domination of nagar and collectively called buroshall and their capital was capal dongs. But after the reign of the miyor khan his sons divided buroshall into nagar and hunza And declared the river as the border:
muglot became The king of nagar and kirkis became the king of hunza. The british gained control of nagar during a battle at Place of nilt (jangir-e-laye) between 1889 and 1892. The nagarkutch fought bravely but was defeated Due to lack of weapons. The tham (chief) of that time, Azur khan, was sent in exile to kashmir. For the british Army, three soldiers were rewarded with the victoria Cross and a mule was also rewarded with the medal for carrying a gun on its back. The british retained nagar's status as a principality until their departure in 1947. The people of nagar and hunza were ruled by a local mir for more than 1200 years, which came to an end in 1974. Although never ruled directly by neighbouring kashmir or the british, nagar and hunza were a vassal of kashmir from the time of maharaja ranbir singh of jammu and kashmir. The mirs of both sent an annual tribute to the kashmir durbar Until 1947, and along with the ruler of hunza, was considered To be among the most loyal vassals of the maharaja of Kashmir.after the change in pakistani central government To a democracy on 25 september 1974 zulfikar ali bhutto Dissolved the princely states of nagar as well as hunza And set the prisoners free and gave democratic Representation to the northern areas council, now the northern areas legislative council .
And declared the river as the border: muglot became The king of nagar and kirkis became the king of hunza. The british gained control of nagar during a battle at Place of nilt (jangir-e-laye) between 1889 and 1892. The nagarkutch fought bravely but was defeated Due to lack of weapons. The tham (chief) of that time, Azur khan, was sent in exile to kashmir. For the british Army, three soldiers were rewarded with the victoria Cross and a mule was also rewarded with the medal for carrying a gun on its back. The british retained nagar's status as a principality until their departure in 1947. The people of nagar and hunza were ruled by a local mir for more than 1200 years, which came to an end in 1974. Although never ruled directly by neighbouring kashmir or the british, nagar and hunza were a vassal of kashmir from the time of maharaja ranbir singh of jammu and kashmir. The mirs of both sent an annual tribute to the kashmir durbar Until 1947, and along with the ruler of hunza, was considered To be among the most loyal vassals of the maharaja of Kashmir.after the change in pakistani central government To a democracy on 25 september 1974 zulfikar ali bhutto Dissolved the princely states of nagar as well as hunza And set the prisoners free and gave democratic Representation to the northern areas council, now the northern areas legislative council . History nagar was an autonomous principality in close association with neighbouring hunza. The british gained control of both states 1889 and 1892. The british retained nagar's status as a 'principality' until 1947 but together with hunza it was considered a vassal of kashmir, although never ruled directly by it. The rulers of nagar sent annual tributes to the kashmir durbar Until 1947, and along with the ruler of hunza, were considered Amongst the most loyal vassals of the maharaja of kashmir. In 1947, the state acceded to pakistan, but continued as Semi autonomous state. When ayub khan's dictatorship Ended in pakistan and the democratic government of The pakistan peoples party under Zulfiqar ali bhutto came into power through elections it realized the sentiments of the people against the mir for democracy so the government freed the prisoners of the movement and dissolved the mirs of hunza and nagar and were merged into the northern areas in 1974. the hunza valley looking across the river to nagar mount rakaposhi .
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by Steve Salter
19 September 2018, 10:09pm
nabil nayal shared powerful life lessons from elizabeth i
“Unleash your inner queen and be the best damn bitch you can be.”
For his spring/summer 19 LFW-debut, the Syrian-born, London-based LVMH Prize-finalist Nabil Nayal became the first designer to host his presentation at the British Library on the official LFW schedule. Having recently completed his doctorate in Elizabethan dress, the emerging talent felt passionately about emphasising the importance of research in fashion education and practice. “I spent so much of my recent life inside this amazing space and it became a fantasy of mine to do this,” he explained at the presentation. This spring/summer 19 collection represented more than just a season, this was a celebration of years of work.
“It's been one of the hardest collections to date but it's also been the most fun,” he added, “with the access to the archive I was like a kid at Christmas.” The partnership also sees Nabil host a research masterclass for fashion design students at the British Library as part of a competition organised in collaboration with the BFC Colleges Council.
The spring/summer 19 research began with the famous Tilbury Speech, delivered by his ultimate muse, Queen Elizabeth I, ahead of the attempted invasion of England by the Spanish Armada in 1588. “Elizabeth is my queen and always will be,” he proclaimed. “It was so important for me to remind people of this speech. It's the moment she revealed herself to be a strong, defiant woman who was going to overcome the obstacles she faced.” The manuscript of the speech, part of the British Library’s collection, informed much of this season’s print story and was scribbled onto the models’ faces too.
Nabil’s love of the classic white shirt is further refined; the shirt-form offers a puritan backdrop that ‘whitewashes’ the complex hand-cut embellishments made of bonded poplins and marcella. Cape-like silhouettes are synched, heightening drama as dark taffetas erupt into skirts and sleeves. Modern sportswear silhouettes and cutting-edge technology are melded with Elizabethan codes of dress and fabrication techniques, and Nabil's designs thrill in the duality of old and new. Throughout, Queen Elizabeth I’s strength and power live on symbolically, captured most dramatically through a breathtaking cloak that depicted her iconic speech, and Nabil’s modern day Elizabeth, his sister Sarah, who looked over the presentation atop a staircase as her dress cascaded down the steps. So what are the life lessons women of 2018 can learn from Elizabeth I? "Do what you believe in, stand up for what you believe and be your true self,” he explained. “Unleash your inner queen, go out there and be the best damn bitch you can be. Live your life!”
nabil nayal
spring/summer 19 womenswear
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Anti-Semitism is misunderstood. Can a new exhibition change that?
The 'Jews, Money, Myth' exhibit sheds light on age-old anti-Semitic tropes through historical artefacts
A synagogue in Finsbury Park attacked by antisemitic vandals in 2002 (Photo: Getty)
Etan Smallman 4 months Tuesday March 12th 2019
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Paul Merton and Suki Webster on life as a comic couple
The future of space travel: what we could achieve in 20 years
The new show focuses on the myth of the 'rich Jew'
References to Jews and 'cheating' go back centuries in the UK
Anti-Semitism is 'classic conspiracy theory'
If you wanted to find two words you could put next to each other in a sentence to most alarm the UK’s Jewish community, you would struggle to find a pair more incendiary than “Jews” and “money”. So you could be forgiven for asking: what on earth is the Jewish Museum London thinking with its latest exhibition?
Jews, Money, Myth picks at one of British Jewry’s most painful wounds, examining some of the most perennial and pernicious anti-Semitic tropes that have echoed through the ages.
Both donors and lenders to the museum are rattled, admits its director, Abigail Morris. Even focus groups, Jewish and non-Jewish, were spooked. They rejected her favoured title, “Loaded?”, a reference to the delusion that all Jews are filthy rich and to the subject being one of history’s most freighted stereotypes.
From Shylock to Fagin
The association is stitched into the fabric of our culture. Think of master pickpocket Fagin in Dickens’ Oliver Twist, referred to as “the Jew” more than 250 times in the novel, or Shylock in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, the moneylender who demands a “pound of flesh” in return for an unpaid debt.
As recently as 1995, Michael Jackson’s song “They Don’t Care About Us” featured the lyrics: “Jew me, sue me, everybody do me.”
The first object on show at the exhibit is a page from a 1933 Oxford English Dictionary. It defines the verb “Jew” as “To cheat or overreach”. It could just as well be a page from the latest edition of the OED, which gives the same meaning, though it is now listed with the qualifier “offensive”.
There are benign artefacts, such as the plate handed around during the festival of Purim to raise money for the poor. But many are distressing to comprehend. “The New and Fashionable Game of the Jew” is the 1807 board game that Broadway composer and collector Stephen Sondheim said “taught kids to be anti-Semitic”.
A rarely-seen Rembrandt may put the much-abused story of Judas Iscariot in its true historical context. And a Yugoslav Nazi poster from 1941 shows a Jew as a malign embodiment of both capitalism and Communism – sacks of money to his left; a hammer and sickle to his right.
It sums up the mass of contradictions that form “the world’s oldest hatred” – which damns Jews for being rich and poor, for being outsiders and trying to inveigle themselves into society.
An 1807 board game featuring a stereotypical Jewish banker – one of the exhibits in ‘Jews, Money Myth’
Deborah Lipstadt, a historian, is clear that anti-Semitism is racism. But she argues that it is different primarily because while other varieties of prejudice are seen to “punch down”, bigotry towards Jews is falsely thought of as “punching up”.
“It sees the Jew as smarter, conniving, craftier,” says the professor of Jewish history at Emory University in America and author of Antisemitism: Here and Now. “The stereotypical elements are money, power and intelligence, but all used in a malicious, nefarious way.”
She says it is also distinct in how often Jews are accused of lying, exaggerating or having ulterior motives when reporting racism against them, in a way rarely seen for other minorities. “It is like a herpes virus,” she adds. “It comes out at times of tension and economic dislocation. You need someone to blame.”
Lipstadt says Britain’s brand of anti-Jewish prejudice has “often been very polite”; she had her own taste of it when she was unsuccessfully sued for libel by the British author David Irving for calling him a Holocaust denier (Lipstadt was played by Rachel Weisz in the 2016 film Denial).
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A history of jew-hatred
Jew-hatred has not always been so cordial in these lands. One of the worst anti-Semitic massacres of the Middle Ages was in York in 1190, when all of the city’s Jews were trapped inside a burning York Castle by a baying mob outside.
According to many historians, England was the first country to undertake a mass expulsion of its Jews, in 1290 (they were not readmitted until 1656). The Catholic Church did not disavow the false belief that the Jews killed Jesus until 1965.
More recently, Labour has been mired in cases of anti-Semitism, culminating in Luciana Berger resigning from the party last month. Six people, including two from the left, have been convicted of race hate against the Jewish MP for Liverpool Wavertree.
Lipstadt describes the situation as “unprecedented”. “We’ve never seen anything as institutionalised in a Western democracy as we’re now seeing in the Labour Party.”
A party spokesman said it “takes all complaints of anti-Semitism extremely seriously and we are committed to challenging and campaigning against it in all its forms”.
The MP Luciana Berger, who resigned from the Labour party after suffering anti-Semitism (Photo: Getty Images)
Anti-Semitism is a classic conspiracy theory
In the vanguard of the online battle against the anti-Semites is the unlikely figure of Countdown’s numbers expert Rachel Riley who has responded to a wave of abuse by coining the hashtag #BeLouder.
The “dilemma”, however, according to Mark Gardner, of the Community Security Trust, a charity that monitors anti-Semitism, is that increased media coverage of anti-Semitism results in a spike in reports of hate crimes against Jews.
Lipstadt is resolute that it needs to be condemned wherever it is found, “not just because of Jews”, but because “anti-Semitism is a classic conspiracy theory. If you have increasing numbers who believe, ‘Aha! The Jews are being paid to do this’, or ‘the Jews are doing this all because of Israel’, they’re going to believe conspiracies about anything else.”
Since the Middle Ages, Jewish people have widely been assumed to be rich (while Christians were banned from moneylending in much of Europe, it was often one of the few jobs available to Jews).
The comedian David Baddiel
‘White privilege’
In this era of identity politics, it is the casting of Jews as white that is proving equally problematic – in some eyes, automatically excluding them from the umbrella of the anti-racist movement. Though, of course, throughout the ages “white privilege” has never been much good at protecting Jews from the horrors of pogroms, expulsion and mass extermination.
Gardner adds that being careful to use the word “Zionist” rather than “Jew” is no defence if you are still indulging in age-old anti-Jewish imagery, nor does being Jewish yourself inoculate you from perpetuating anti-Semitism.
The discussion is so knotty and tortuous that even the word itself is frequently the target of criticism. One of the most easy-to-spot hallmarks of any radio phone-in crank is the assertion that “Jews aren’t the real Semites”. “It’s a stupid word,” says Gardner. “There is no such thing as Semitism that you can be anti. And actually we might do a lot better if we just spoke about Jew hatred.”
The Jewish comedian David Baddiel says his problem with the terminology is any implication that anti-Semitism is not plain, full-blooded racism. “It is something people say to me on Twitter – that anti-Semitism isn’t racism because Jews are a religion, not a race,” he tells i. “First, race is meaningless without racism. As long as Nazis would kill me, which they definitely would, despite the fact that I’m a fundamentalist atheist, religion is irrelevant. Any discrimination emanating from an accident of birth is racism.”
Fear is close to the surface
Abigail Morris hopes the exhibition will explain why “fear is so close to the surface” for a community that people may dismiss as “settled, integrated, largely educated, well-off”.
“There’s people in our families…” she says, trailing off, referring to those who were murdered in living memory, or who only just survived the Holocaust by the skin of their teeth – no matter how wealthy they were.
“I think non-Jews often don’t understand what gets Jews so worried, and I think this exhibition will help explain that. There is some perception that Jews are overreacting. And I hope we can explain why it’s so serious – because we know where this kind of thing can lead.”
‘Jews, Money, Myth’ runs from 19 March to 7 July at the Jewish Museum London, 129-131 Albert Street, NW1 7NB; jewishmuseum.org.uk
Anti-Semitism today
Anti-Semitic incidents in the UK rose to 1,652 in 2018, a 16 per cent increase on the previous year, according to the Community Security Trust.
Almost one in three British Jews has considered emigrating due to safety concerns, 11 per cent up on 2012, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights has found.
Nearly nine in 10 believe that anti-Semitism has increased over the past five years, up from 65 per cent in 2012 – the largest rise in the 12 EU countries surveyed by the agency.
When asked where anti-Semitism is manifest, 84 per cent – the highest of all countries polled – of British Jews answered “political life”.
Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus for 30 pieces of silver, is one of the oldest justifications for anti-Semitism. Medieval art portrays him with stereotypically Jewish features, though of course all the disciples – and Jesus himself – were Jewish.
“Rothschild” was one of the most common racist euphemisms for Jew in the 19th and 20th centuries, embodying the conspiracy theory that the Rothschild banking family secretly controlled the global economy and orchestrated disruptive world events.
“Soros” is perhaps its 21st century equivalent – blaming the Hungarian-born investor and Holocaust survivor George Soros for flooding Europe and the US with illegal immigrants and trying to rig elections. In 2017, the Hungarian government emblazoned his face on the floors of trams so passengers would have to tread on it.
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Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Loses More Than $2 Billion On Derivative Bets
November 5, 2011 November 5, 2011 by Infinite
“Derivatives are financial weapons of mass destruction.”
– Warren Buffett
How many of you know safe weapons of mass destruction?
– Coming Derivatives Crisis Designed To Destroy The Entire Global Financial System: $600 TRILLION To $1.5 QUADRILLION Worldwide Derivatives Market – World GDP At Around $65 Trillion
– MEGA BAILOUT: Federal Reserve Now Backstopping $75 TRILLION Of Bank Of America’s Derivatives Trades
– Berkshire Hathaway Q3 profit falls on derivatives (Reuters, Nov. 4, 2011):
Warren Buffett’s conglomerate Berkshire Hathaway Inc reported a smaller third-quarter profit on Friday after losing more than $2 billion on derivatives related to stock market performance.
That was nearly three times what Berkshire lost on the same instruments a year ago. Buffett has sharply criticized derivatives in general, but has said these particular contracts were safe and would ultimately be lucrative.
But Berkshire was hurt, like many other insurance companies in particular, by sharp declines in a broad range of market values. In a quarterly report to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Berkshire said the indexes covered by the contracts fell anywhere from 11 percent to 23 percent in the quarter.
“It’s a noneconomic event,” said David Rolfe, chief investment officer of Wedgewood Partners, which has about $900 million under management and has held Berkshire shares for about 13 years. “Operating (was) in-line to terrific, the derivatives always need explaining.”
Berkshire reported a net profit of $2.28 billion, or $1,380 per Class A share, compared with a year-earlier profit of $2.99 billion, or $1,814 per share.
Cash at the end of the quarter was $34.78 billion, down from $47.89 billion at the end of June. During the third quarter Berkshire funded the purchase of chemical maker Lubrizol and a $5 billion investment in Bank of America Corp, which accounted for the decline.
OPERATING PROFITS RISE
Operating income rose across segments, except for the company’s finance business, where it fell slightly.
Profits in the insurance business rose as a rebound in reinsurance results offset sharp declines at auto insurer Geico. The reinsurance unit benefited from a reduction in liabilities related to a contract with one unnamed company, while Geico’s profits fell on higher catastrophe losses.
Earnings were also nearly 10 percent higher at Berkshire’s next-biggest unit, the Burlington Northern railroad, as revenue per car rose by double digits.
Berkshire’s MidAmerican Energy utility business saw earnings rise more than 10 percent as well. Profits rose sharply in the manufacturing, service and retailing group due to growth at the industrial businesses of the mini-conglomerate Marmon, offsetting ongoing weakness in housing-related units.
Last month, Buffett said he expected record profits this year for Burlington Northern, MidAmerican, manufacturer Iscar and for the Marmon companies.
But at the same time he said Berkshire’s housing-related businesses were doing as poorly as at any point during the financial crisis.
Book value rose to $96,876 per Class A share. Berkshire recently launched a share buyback program, its first ever, with an upper price limit set at 110 percent of book value.
That would suggest a ceiling of roughly $106,560, whereas Class A shares closed at $115,806 on Friday. Berkshire indicated it bought back about $18 million in stock during the third quarter.
“I think Buffett could have spent more on Cherry Coke than he did on shares,” said Wedgewood’s Rolfe, in a nod to the 81-year-old investor’s favorite beverage.
Categories Economy, Global News Tags Berkshire Hathaway, Derivatives, Derivatives market, Economy, Global News, Stock Market, Warren Buffett Post navigation
Prof. Chris Busby On RT: US Used ENRICHED URANIUM WEAPONS On Iraq (Video)
Prof. Murray Sabrin: Ron Paul Is Silenced By The Mainstream Media Because He Is The Only One That Has Blown The Whistle On The Federal Reserve And The Power Elite (Video)
1 thought on “Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Loses More Than $2 Billion On Derivative Bets”
Marilyn Gjerdrum
Greedy Buffet lost some money. Breaks my heart.
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Tagged Johnny Boychuk
Five Keys to the Second Half of the New York Islanders Season
The New York Islanders are just past the halfway mark of the 2015-16 season and are in the thick of the playoff race in the Metropolitan Division. The team is behind the brisk pace they set in the first half of...
Photo Gallery: Islanders vs Flyers (12/8/2015)
The visiting New York Islanders defeated the Philadelphia Flyers by a score of 4-3 in a shootout. Three Star Selections: 1st Jaroslav Halak (#41 NYI) 2nd Kyle Okposo (#21 NYI) 3rd Claude Giroux (#28 P...
Isles’ Pelech Eager for NHL Opportunity
Adam Pelech has dreamed of this moment nearly as long as he could remember. Today, it became a reality as the New York Islanders recalled the 21-year-old Toronto native from their AHL affiliate in Bridgeport. ...
Five Keys to the Islanders 2015-16 Season
The New York Islanders are set to open the 2015-16 season on Friday when they host the defending Stanley Cup champion Chicago Blackhawks. This will be an historic season for the franchise. For the first time si...
Boston Bruins: Hardships of Training Camp
For young prospects, newly drafted players, or fringe players invited on a tryout basis, training camp could be considered the most intense and important five weeks of their careers. For veterans, some look at ...
The Top 6 Reasons Why the Isles Lost to the Capitals
The New York Islanders exceeded expectations this season finishing with 101 points and making the playoffs in their final season at the Nassau Coliseum. Still, they came up short in a hard-fought, seven-game se...
Tavares Delivers for the Isles in OT
John Tavares came up big for the New York Islanders in Game 3 of their opening-round playoff series against the Washington Capitals and he came up big when it counted most. In just 15 seconds, Tavares erase...
Top Five Reasons Why B’s Season Ended Prematurely
Several seasons have come and gone, but the 2014-15 campaign has been a roller coaster to say the least. From a roster that contained the youngest player in the league to being decimated with season-ending i...
Isles Fall to Blue Jackets in Last Regular Season Game at Coliseum
NY Islanders John Tavares takes the ice. (Brandon Titus/Inside Hockey) The New York Islanders lost the final regular season game at the Nassau Coliseum to the Columbus Blue Jackets 5-4 in a shootout. The ga...
The Philadelphia Flyers defeated the visiting New York Islanders by a score of 5-4 during regulation. Three Star Selections: 1st Claude Giroux (#28 PHI) 2nd Mark Streit (#32 PHI) 3rd Steve Mason (#35 PHI)...
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Seeing Race – And Trying To Understand It
Another old paper from my Race and Minority Relations class. This was a kind of “response paper” – just a general reflection on what we had gone over so far. The first ‘graph really points out how big of a change this was for me. I hadn’t been “looking for race” before, and I simply missed it everywhere. I still think my model (that looking at race as another status marker) has more explanatory power – but I can also see where it doesn’t feel that way to a person of color. Do keep in mind that my goal (as will come clear in the next old paper or two I put up) is in equality and heterogenity; that we move towards a world where people are different, and that carries no value judgement either way.
At the end of the Illuminatus Trilogy, after a thousand pages of paranoid ranting about the significance of everything 23 – from 23 skidoo to the Pentagon having 2 + 3 sides – a character reveals that the relationship has been there all along. It does not matter what number you choose – but once you start paying attention, everything relates to 23, 42, or any other number you can imagine.
Suddenly, race is everywhere for me. It is in the disproportionate coverage of women’s murders, in the comments of girls on the bus, in the bitching of a co-worker, and in the defensive justifications when I point this stuff out online. Every news story has some relationship to race, ethnicity, or other people’s reactions to it. With such a wide range of effects and contradictions, it seems an impossible mess to understand.
The videos, lectures, and readings from the first several weeks of this course could appear to present a confusing, complicated picture of race in the United States. But I believe that is because we are still missing the point. The dominant models of race and ethnicity in American society do not seem to fully account for reality.
The historical model of race – as discussed in lecture – is largely a social construct. Biology does not support any kind of empirical notion of human “races” (Illusion of Race, Parillo 16). Humans are as genetically dissimilar from those in the same ethnic category as they are from those outside it (Illusion of Race). This is reinforced by looking at the role race has played in our country. Even a brief historical perspective shows how the classification of “white” has changed at the whim of the majority group. Groups such as the Irish, Italians, and eastern Europeans were sometimes considered “white” and sometimes not (Bergdahl). Even during times where those racial categorizations were stable in one region, they might bear no resemblance to categorizations in another part of the globe (Parillo 16).
To believe that modern race relations are due to actual phenotypic differences between human populations requires complete purposeful ignorance of historical and empirical data.
Yet, this is how race is treated on all sides of the discussion. There are still lingering memes that physical and societal capabilities are carried along with the color of one’s skin (Parrillo 16). Once that myth is dispelled, there is still the persistent assumption that there is an experiential difference that is based solely upon the phenotype of one’s skin color. Even those who address inequality and discrimination in multiple dimensions explicitly distinguishes race from other social categorizations (Johnson xi). Even models of racial relations that view it as a continuum of difference seem to reserve a special strength and weight for this one socially constructed, artificial category (Parrillo 6).
It is not difficult to imagine the social, political, and moral compulsion to both treat race as a special quality and to accentuate the difficulties faced by those on the “wrong” side of the color line. The history of this country is a history of racially motivated genocide, slavery, and oppression. The atrocities waged in the name of race seem to demand a special category of sin to accommodate them. But that model of society does not seem to reflect the evidence before us.
It appears that race can be modeled as simply another social status marker. It is a strongly weighted marker and, unlike most, cannot be chosen or easily altered. Regardless, treating race as a social status marker appears to be the best fitting model available.
There are several clues that strongly support this model of viewing race. Friendship and interaction between people of different races reduces social distance (Parrillo 6). This is analogous to (if not identical to) the effect of “cross-cutting speech” (Mutz 9). Crosscutting speech – when people are exposed to those with differing political, religious, and social views – tends to increase empathy and understanding. That the same effect is observed with other social and status markers as well as race seems significant.
Definitions of race conveniently change to reflect the need to reinforce social and economic status (Johnson 7). This seems eerily similar to the ways that upper-class individuals change their behaviors – such as the names of their children – in order to distinguish themselves from the hoi polloi (Levitt & Dubner 167-188).
The method of using of reference groups to measure oneself is the same whether one is measuring by socio-economic status or race – though they are not lumped together that way (Johnson 36). Further, those who are privileged by race or gender but not social class will use those lower than themselves as a reference group in order to feel powerful (Johnson 36). I frequently see this at work; a white lower-working-class co-worker will make disparaging comments about black, brown, or homeless people in an obvious attempt to distinguish herself from them. If those do not work, she effortlessly switches gears to mocking those who have other status markers – education, vehicles, and vacations – that are above her own.
Johnson convincingly notes that children’s fear of differences is learned, not inbuilt (Johnson 13). This reflects my own experiences; my oldest son was largely raised in a highly multicultural environment, and had multiple black friends and daycare providers during his youth. While visiting St. Louis one day, I had to stop at an unfamiliar grocery store for some band-aids to treat a cut. We were the only white people in the rather large store. While I was very aware of the fact, and rather uncomfortable, he was completely oblivious of the racial disparity.
Finally, treating race as one of many status markers has vast explanatory power in regards to both lower-status whites and higher-status people of color. Exceptions are frequently trotted out by apologists who claim that racism is no longer a factor, since there are poor whites and rich blacks. These exceptions are well understood by a model that looks at skin color as part of an array of status symbols.
It appears that even our most honest conversation about race is still a layer or more away from the truth of our interactions with each other. Privilege is often invisible to those who have it (Johnson 22). We must point out the mechanisms of that privilege as clearly as possible, to tear down the imaginary walls of difference that keep us from seeing the common humanity in each other.
Race to the Middle
Racism is funny, because we're past that, right?
Challenges I don't Understand
What's Race Got To Do With It
Race matters, even on Olympus.
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Categoriesracism rant sociology
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Maverick Gaming Closes Purchase of Nevada Gold (NYSE: UWN)
Source : GlobeNewswire Inc.
Stock : Nevada Gold & Casinos, Inc. (UWN)
Quote : 2.54 0.0 (0.00%) @ 1:00AM
Nevada Gold & Casino (AMEX:UWN)
2 Months : From May 2019 to Jul 2019
Maverick Gaming LLC (“Maverick”) and Nevada Gold & Casinos, Inc. (NYSE: UWN) announce the closing of Maverick’s purchase of Nevada Gold.
Maverick Gaming and Nevada Gold & Casinos, Inc. (NYSE: UWN) (“Nevada Gold”) announced that on Friday, June 14, 2019, Maverick completed the purchase of Nevada Gold via merger between Nevada Gold and a wholly owned subsidiary of Maverick established for that purpose at a final price of $2.559333 for each share of Nevada Gold common stock.
The purchase includes nine card rooms in Washington, with seven in the Seattle area.
“With this purchase, Maverick begins its journey into Washington. This purchase coupled with the three card rooms we are in the process of purchasing from Great American Gaming will give us twelve card rooms and a significant foothold in this market,” said Eric Persson, majority owner of Maverick Gaming. “We intend to close the Great American purchase by the end of June, and in fact are looking forward to announcing several other acquisitions in the very near future.”
Each of the card rooms in Washington are eligible for fifteen table games. “This purchase gives Maverick 135 table games in this market, and as important a platform for Maverick to grow in this State,” added Tim Merrill, the President of Maverick Washington. “We look forward to raising the bar by building entertainment destinations that table games will be an element of. It’s no secret that Maverick has over 1200 hotel rooms, and we look forward to adding more and integrating, hotels, food, entertainment and gaming into the same local space,” added Mr. Merrill.
“Our card rooms are neighborhood hangouts, and we look forward to applying our extensive locals experience as we begin to compete in this market,” added Mr. Merrill.
“Growing up in Hoquiam, Washington, and as a member of the Shoalwater Tribe I couldn’t be more excited to be back home,” added Mr. Persson.
As a result of the closing, Nevada Gold’s common stock will be suspended from the NYSE after the close today and subsequently deregistered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Following delisting from NYSE, Nevada Gold’s common stock will not trade on any exchange. Nevada Gold also intends to suspend its reporting obligations under the Exchange Act, which it will be able to do because, following the merger, Maverick is the sole shareholder of Nevada Gold.
ABOUT MAVERICK GAMING
Maverick Gaming is majority owned and was founded by gaming industry veterans Eric Persson, who previously served as Global SR Vice President of Slots at Las Vegas Sands and Justin Beltram, former Vice President of Slots at Bellagio and Marina Bay Sands. Together they bring over 30 years of gaming experience spanning gaming markets around the world including the Las Vegas Strip (Venetian, Palazzo, Bellagio), Macau (Sands China Limited), Singapore (Marina Bay Sands), and many regional markets in North America.
Maverick Gaming currently owns the Wendover Nugget and Red Garter Hotel, Red Lion Casino, Gold Country Casino and High Desert Inn. and nine card rooms in Washington State, seven of which are in the greater Seattle vicinity, and the other two located in the eastern Tri-Cities area. The card rooms have approximately 120 table games. In April of 2019, Maverick announced a purchase agreement with Great Canadian Gaming to buy their three casino assets in Washington State in the Seattle area. The Great American Gaming casinos have 45 table games.
The Great Canadian Gaming transaction is pending the approval of the Washington State Gambling Commission. The purchase is expected to close in June 2019.
When all disclosed purchases are consummated Maverick will have approximately 1,500 slot machines, 200 table games and 1,200 hotel rooms nationwide.
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Digital Issue $10
New poems by Christian Wiman, Lisa Russ Spaar, and Win Bassett; Gregory Wolfe considers the artistic act of re-creation and renewal; Joe Milazzo takes a look at the paintings of Kim Alexander; and Brad Davis interviews Sydney Lea. With fiction by Nathan Poole and Janet Peery; the mysterious paintings of Noah Buchanan; and more.
Gregory Wolfe, Making It New
Nathan Poole, A Map of the Watershed
Janet Peery, Ideal Marriage
Christian Wiman, Love’s Last
The Preacher Addresses the Seminarians
Self-Portrait with Preacher, Pain, and Snow
Coming into the Kingdom
Read our web-exclusive interview with Christian Wiman here.
Daniel Tobin, La Cicada Familia
Lise Goett, Postscript
At the Amphitheatrum Flavium
Tara Bray, Confession: Quaker Meeting
Nicholas Samaras, Translation Back into Native Tongues
Spiritual Fallout
Island as the End of the World
Lisa Russ Spaar, Temple Tomb
Temple Gaudete
Furta Sacra
Anne Shaw, Prayer
Sometimes I Am Permitted
Win Bassett, Deus Ex Machina
I Am Poured Out Like Water
Tania Runyan, The First Horse of the Apocalypse
The Fourth Horseman of the Apocalypse
A Quick Interpretation of the Sixth Seal
Bruce Bond, Homage to a Philosopher of History...
Brad Davis, A Conversation with Sydney Lea
The Visual Arts
Joe Milazzo, Plates from a Forgotten Book: The Paintings of Kim Alexander
Gordon Fuglie, Noah Buchanan and the Renewal of Mystery
Lynda Sexson, Implicit Tree
Theodore L. Prescott, Sarah Thornton’s Seven Days in the Art World
Timothy Van Laar and Leonard Diepeveen’s Artworld Prestige
Isaac Anderson, Richard Rodriguez’s Darling
Hilton Als’s White Girls
Jesmyn Ward’s Men We Reaped
Isaac Anderson’s work has appeared in Image, Portland, Fourth River, Los Angeles Review of Books, and elsewhere. He received an MFA from Ohio State and has been writer-in-residence at Lenoir-Rhyne University. His essay “Lord God Bird” [Image Issue 72] received mention in Best American Essays, 2013. He lives in Kansas City.
Win Bassett’s essays have appeared in The Atlantic, Paris Review, Los Angeles Review of Books, and Guernica. His stories and poems have been published or are forthcoming in Pank, Ruminate, and Trop. A former assistant district attorney, he serves on the PEN Prison Writing Program fiction committee. He is fiction and poetry editor of the Marginalia Review of Books, managing editor of Yale’s Letters, and community manager for Bull City Press. He studies at Yale Divinity School.
Bruce Bond’s most recent collections of poetry include The Visible (forthcoming from Louisiana State) and Choir of the Wells (forthcoming from Etruscan). His poetry has appeared in Best American Poetry, Southern Review, Virginia Quarterly Review, Georgia Review, The New Republic, and Gettysburg Review. Presently he is a Regents Professor of English at the University of North Texas and poetry editor for American Literary Review.
Tara Bray’s recent poems have been published in Poetry, Southern Review, and Massachusetts Review. She is the author of Mistaken for Song (Persea) and currently resides in Virginia.
Brad Davis’s new book of poems, Still Working It Out, was recently published by Cascade Books. He lives and works on the campus of Pomfret School, a Connecticut boarding school. Sydney Lea, whom he interviewed in this issue of Image, was his advisor at Vermont College of Fine Arts.
Gordon Fuglie, a UCLA-educated art historian, began his career at the J. Paul Getty Museum, continuing at UCLA’s Grunwald Center for the Graphic Arts, then directing the Laband Gallery at Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles. He currently works as an art journalist and independent curator.
Lise Goett’s second poetry collection, Leprosarium, received the Robert H. Winner Memorial Award from the Poetry Society of America. Other awards include the Paris Review Discovery Award, the Pen Southwest Book Award, and the Barnard New Women Poets Prize, as well as Image’s Milton Fellowship and a fellowship from the Creative Writing Institute at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Joe Milazzo is the author of the novel Crepuscule W/ Nellie (Jaded Ibis) and The Habiliments (Apostrophe), a book of poems. He lives and works in Dallas, Texas, and his virtual location is www.slowstudies.net/jmilazzo.
Janet Peery is the author of Alligator Dance, The River beyond the World, and What the Thunder Said (all from Picador). She is a recipient of the Rosenthal Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the Whiting Writers Award. She lives in Virginia.
Nathan Poole is a fiction writer from Columbia, South Carolina. He holds degrees from the University of South Carolina and the Warren Wilson MFA program. His debut story collection, Father Brother Keeper, was awarded the 2013 Mary McCarthy Prize by judge Edith Pearlman and is forthcoming from Sarabande Books. He has been awarded the Narrative Prize and Image’s Milton Fellowship.
Theodore L. Prescott is a sculptor, writer, and emeritus professor of art at Messiah College. He is currently working on a public sculpture for Biola University in Los Angeles, which will be installed in the spring of 2015.
Tania Runyan has authored the poetry collections Second Sky (Poiema), A Thousand Vessels (WordFarm), Simple Weight (FutureCycle), and Delicious Air (Finishing Line; a Conference on Christianity and Literature book of the year), as well as the field guide How to Read a Poem (T.S. Poetry). Her poems have appeared in Poetry, Harvard Divinity Bulletin, Christian Century, and elsewhere. Recipient of an NEA fellowship in literature, she also writes for Image’s blog, Good Letters.
Nicholas Samaras’s newest book is American Psalm, World Psalm (Ashland). The poems published here are part of a new manuscript of poems in the voices of John of Patmos and his scribe, Prochoros. He is currently completing a memoir of his childhood in nine different countries.
Lynda Sexson is the author of Ordinarily Sacred (Virginia), Margaret of the Imperfections (Persea), and Hamlet’s Planets (Ohio State), as well as the film My Book and Heart Shall Never Part. The Lynda Sexson Scholarship in Humanities has been established in her honor at Montana State University. Her work has appeared recently in New Orleans Review, Kenyon Review, Gargoyle, and others.
Anne Shaw is the author of two poetry collections: Dido in Winter and Undertow, winner of the Lexi Rudnitsky Poetry Prize (both from Persea). Her poems and reviews have appeared in journals including Harvard Review, Black Warrior Review, Denver Quarterly, Los Angeles Review, Kenyon Review, and New American Writing. She currently lives in Chicago, where she studies sculpture at the School of the Art Institute. Her work can be found online at www.anneshaw.org.
Lisa Russ Spaar is the author of the poetry collections Glass Town (Red Hen), Blue Venus, Satin Cash, and Vanitas, Rough (all from Persea), as well as a collection of essays, The Hide-and-Seek Muse (Drunken Boat). Her poems have appeared in Best American Poetry, Paris Review, Poetry, Ploughshares, and Kenyon Review, and her writing about poetry appears in the Chronicle of Higher Education, New York Times, Los Angeles Review of Books, and elsewhere. She teaches at the University of Virginia.
Daniel Tobin is the author of six books of poems, including Belated Heavens (Four Way), winner of the Massachusetts Book Award in Poetry. His most recent book, The Net, is newly out from Four Way Books. Among his awards are fellowships from the NEA and Guggenheim Foundation.
Christian Wiman’s new book of poems, Once in the West, will be published in September by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. He teaches at the Yale Institute of Sacred Music.
Noah Buchanan’s paintings of Saints Maria Goretti and Faustina are reproduced with permission of the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe, La Crosse, Wisconsin. One-time use only. Visit www.guadalupeshrine.org to learn more.
Web-Exclusive Content
Read our interview with Christian Wiman, only available online!
Web Exclusive: A Conversation with Christian Wiman
By Gregory Wolfe
Interview | Issue 81
Implicit Tree
By Lynda Sexson
Essay | Issue 81
A Conversation with Sydney Lea
Noah Buchanan and the Renewal of Mystery
By Gordon Fuglie
Plates from a Forgotten Book: The Paintings of Kim Alexander
By Joe Milazzo
Homage to a Philosopher of History as a Small Child
By Bruce Bond
Poetry | Issue 81
The We of Me: Varieties of Kinship in American Nonfiction
By Isaac Anderson
Book Review | Issue 81
By Tania Runyan
The First Horse of the Apocalypse
Into the Artworld
By Theodore L. Prescott
By Win Bassett
By Anne Shaw
By Lisa Russ Spaar
By Nicholas Samaras
Temple Tomb
Translation Back Into Native Tongues
By Tara Bray
Confession: Quaker Meeting
By Lise Goett
Ideal Marriage
By Janet Peery
Short Story | Issue 81
La Cicada Familia
By Daniel Tobin
By Christian Wiman
Love’s Last
Making It New
A Map of the Watershed
By Nathan Poole
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Wiki Tools in the Preparation and Support of e-Learning Courses Antonín Jančařík and Kateřina Jančaříková Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Antonin.Jancarik@pedf.cuni.cz Katerina.Jancarikova@pedf.cuni.cz Abstract: Wiki tools, which became known mainly thanks to the Wikipedia encyclopedia, represent quite a new phenomenon on the Internet. The work presented here deals with three areas connected to a possible use of wiki tools for the preparation of an e-learning course. To what extent does Wikipedia.com contain terms necessary for scientific lectures at the university level and to what extent are they localised into other languages? The second area covers the use of Wikipedia as a knowledge base for e-learning study materials. Our experience with Enviwiki which originated within the E-V Learn project and its use in e-learning courses is presented. The third area aims at the use of wiki tools for building a knowledge base and sharing experience of the participants of an e-learning course. Keywords: Wikipedia, wiki tools, enviwiki, e-learning, localization, mathematics education
1. Introduction Internet has been under constant development from the very beginning. There is an unceasing flood of new services and tools, some of which become very popular, other of which are soon forgotten. One of the internet services which came into the world in the beginning of this century (in 2001) is the web portal Wikipedia (http://www.wikipedia.org). Wikipedia is a multilingual, Web-based, free-content encyclopedia project. The name "Wikipedia" is a portmanteau (a combination of parts of two words and their meanings) of the words wiki (a type of collaborative Web site) and encyclopedia. Wikipedia is written collaboratively by volunteers from all over the world. Anyone with internet access can make changes to Wikipedia articles. Presently there are almost three million entries created by more than 75,000 authors (Wikipedia:About 2009).
2. Wikipedia as a source of information
Figure 1: Wikipedia.org ISSN 1479-4403 123 ©Academic Conferences Ltd Reference this paper as: Jančařík, A and Jančaříková, K. (2010) “Wiki Tools in the Preparation and Support of e-Learning Courses” Electronic Journal of e-Learning Volume 8 Issue 2 2010, (pp123 - 132), available online at www.ejel.org
Electronic Journal of e-Learning Volume 8 Issue 2 2010, (123 - 132)
Wikipedia, an open educational resource (Godwin, McAndrew and Santos 2007), is often used by students as a source of information needed for their studies. A survey among pre-service teachers of mathematics at Charles University in Prague showed that Wikipedia is used by 85 % of students and almost one quarter of them quotes Wikipedia as one of the most important sources of information (second or third most important), immediately after their own notes from lectures. This only confirms that students more and more often give up the effort to search for the recommended literature in university libraries and instead of that use the Czech version of Wikipedia as the only source in preparation for their exams. In consequence it is only natural to ask about the reliability of Wikipedia as a source of scientific information and a resource for university studies, and to ask to what extent it can be used in preparation of e-learning courses. The first noteworthy study comparing Wikipedia with classic resources saw the light of day in 2005. In this study, the Journal Nature performed a comparative analysis of scientific data entry accuracy between Wikipedia, and Encyclopedia Britannica (Giles, 2005). This study pointed out that mistakes can be found in both of these encyclopedias. The difference in the number of mistakes (in absolute numbers) was not considerable. The result of this study awoke much stir and emotion. Thanks to the ongoing development, Wikipedia gradually takes the position of a major competitor of classic information resources. The defenders of classic encyclopedias often point at low quality of many entries in Wikipedia. However, the above quoted study shows that these entries do not contain formal mistakes. The advantage of Wikipedia is the quickly growing scope of entries, the possibility to correct mistakes in a very short period of time and the ability of Wikipedia to react promptly to new scientific discoveries. To put it briefly – Wikipedia’s potential is enormous and one cannot be surprised that young people use it to such an extent.
3. Wikipedia and localization The survey carried out among pre-service teachers at the Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague, also tried to find out what proportion of students use Wikipedia in their mother tongue and what proportion work with the English version. The results show that the English version is used only by 35 % of all the students who use Wikipedia for their studies. This means that almost two thirds of pre-service teachers use only entries in their mother tongue – predominantly Czech. This motivated the authors to carry out a study whose aim was to discover to which extent the entries relevant for the studied subject are localized into various languages, to what extent they are accessible in Czech and to what extent they can be used for support and as a source of further, supplementary information when preparing an e-learning course. It is very interesting not only to see the results of the comparison of “Czech” and English Wikipedia, but also the result of their comparison in a specific field – mathematics and biology. Presently the Czech version of Wikipedia includes more than 150,000 entries. This means that more than 10% of all entries are localized into Czech. However, what is the situation in case of scientific “universal” entries?
3.1 Methodology The research presented in this paper focuses on teaching two scientific disciplines – mathematics and biology. The basic research question was: Are Wikipedia entries a sufficiently scientifically erudite source for preparation of Czech pre-service teachers of mathematics and biology? The research also tried to address the following three subquestions:
In what extent are scientific entries from mathematics and biology localized into national languages?
Does Wikipedia provide enough references to supplementary study texts?
What other potential do wiki tools have in teaching (chapter 5)?
The method used for answering the main research question in the field of mathematics was the method of comparing entries from Wikipedia with literature. The selection of topics was not random – the selected topics are those integral to bachelor state exams at the Faculty of Education, Charles www.ejel.org
©Academic Conferences Ltd
Antonín Jančařík and Kateřina Jančaříková
University in Prague. Namely 15 topics were selected from each of the following disciplines – algebra, analysis and geometry. In case of each of the selected topics, we studied whether they exist in both the English and the Czech version of Wikipedia, in what detail they are treated, whether they include external links to other study literature and into how many languages they have been translated. When studying entries in biology, the research was extended by five entries that have within the frame of biology already been compared (Callis,2009). The low content level of these entries in Czech language leads to the formulation of a follow-up question: Is it possible to compare the scientific niveau of Wikipedia and of the wiki tool based sever created by university lecturers (chapter 4)? The ground for this comparison was formed by ten entries corresponding to the scientific focus of the Enviwiki server. Enviwiki was compared both with English and Czech version of Wikipedia.
3.2 Wikipedia and mathematics 45 topics from the requirements for bachelor state exams were selected as the basis for testing the efficiency of Wikipedia in pre-service training of teachers of mathematics. In the case of 42 out of the selected topics (93,3 %), a corresponding entry in the English version of Wikipedia exists. In one case - Circle inversion, the topic is listed as a sub-topic of a broader topic (Inversive geometry). Two of the topics were not found. They were Apollonius' Tangency Problem and “reper”, which is a common term used in Czech for coordinate system (O, e1, e2, e3) where O is the origin of the coordinates and (e1, e2, e3) the vector basis. 38 of these entries have been localized to Czech (84 % entries). Three of the topics are mentioned within another broader topic (Homothetic transformation, Convergent series and Antiderivative) and four of them do not exist in the Czech version: Monge's theorem, Circle inversion, Apollonius' Tangency Problem and “reper”). This means that mathematical topics are localized in a much greater degree (in 88%) than is the average (about 10% of all topics). What proved to be a considerable problem in the case of Czech entries was their quality. Most of the topics are treated only very briefly and unlike the English version the Czech version does not provide sufficient information about the particular topic. For example the entry Linear map is in the English version made up of 2602 words, in the Czech version only of 413 words (the number of words is in all cases taken directly from Wikipedia). In total, 8 of the topics in the Czech version contained only very brief basic information inadequate and of very little benefit for students’ preparation. Another major difference between the two versions is the fact that while English entries included in almost 80% of the cases links to printed resources (monographs, university textbooks, research papers), such links could only be encountered in 6 entries in the Czech version, i.e. approximately in 15% of all entries. All the found mathematical entries were localized into other languages. The entry that was localized to fewest languages was the entry Monge’s theorem, which is apart from English available only in the Ukrainian and Finnish version. On the other hand the most frequently translated entry is the entry Set theory which can be found in sixty language versions, which means in one third of the languages used in Wikipedia. On the average, each of the entries could be found in 28 languages (See the Figure 2). The basic mathematical entries can usually be found in all the world languages and in many translations to languages of smaller nations. However, the content of the entries after their localization often shrinks into a basic definition and offers no supplementary information which could be used in preparation of an e-learning course. This has been confirmed by a comparative study of the English and Slovak versions of Wikipedia (Jancarik 2010) which showed the problem of Slovak version is not only a total absence of some relatively fundamental entries (e.g. Linear Map, Antiderivative) but also the absence of exact definitions and merely intuitive introduction of concepts. In this light it comes as no surprise that the use of Wikipedia by students has been the target of severe criticism of Slovak university lecturers who regard the use of Wikipedia as a source of mistakes and inaccurate terminology. On the other hand, it seems to be
www.ejel org
very convenient to use links to the English version in which the topics are treated in a broader context and which simultaneously introduces the students to the English terminology. Number of language versions 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Figure 2: Number of language versions
3.3 Wikipedia and biology Further investigation of topics in Czech Wikipedia was carried out in the field of biology and environmental education. Five topics used within the study (Callis,2009) were used in the first phase. They are the entries Pollination, Biological Dispersal, Herbivore, Frugivore and Seed Predation. Only two of these were found in the Czech version of Wikipedia and in both cases the entries were only very brief, consisting of fewer than 400 words. Subsequently the sample of the investigated entries was appended by topics selected from the requirements for state exams in biology at the Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague. This study has shown that only about one half of these topics can be found in the Czech version of Wikipedia. The topics are usually treated very briefly and serve more like dictionaries and milestones (see the figure 3, the entry Pollination).
Figure 3: The entry pollination in Czech version of Wikipedia
www.ejel.org
ŠAcademic Conferences Ltd
In the field of biology and environmental education, the Czech version of Wikipedia does not provide sufficient support that could be made use of when creating e-learning courses.
4. Portal Enviwiki The low quality of entries in the Czech version of Wikipedia became an impulse for the creation of electronic information resources on wiki basis whose content, however, is edited and guaranteed by experts. The following text introduces two wiki-based portals created at Charles University in Prague. They are the Enviwiki portal http://www.enviwiki.cz in the area of biology and environmental education and WikiPedFie in the field of mathematics.
4.1 Portal Enviwiki Portal Enviwiki (http://www.enviwiki.cz) came into existence in the beginning of the year 2006. Enviwiki is intended for all university lecturers who work with environmental issues or are interested in them, for students, but also for any other interested person (Dlouhá e al. 2009) The portal Enviwiki currently (after fewer than three years of existence) features 667 entries from the field of environmental issues. (To compare, the Czech version of Wikipedia contains 524 articles featuring the word ecology and 83 entries featuring the word environmental). Out of the 667 articles published in Enviwiki, only 75 are fragments. The articles are as a rule elaborated by the academic staff or students (under their supervision). Unlike in Wikipedia, entries in Enviwiki are published both within GNU Free Documentation License and in different copyright arrangements, e.g. those that do not allow modifications of the text by other readers of Enviwiki, or which limit free circulation. The advantage of Enviwiki is that most entries include a reference section where the author (or authors) cite the sources used for elaboration of the entry and list study literature both in Czech and English languages. This guarantees the quality of entries published in Enviwiki. The original intention of the creators was to place on the portal only narrowly specialized topics that cannot be found in Czech version of Wikipedia. This goal is easy to achieve in case of highly specialized entries. However, Enviwiki also features entries that are broader (e.g. Ecological footprint, Sustainable development, Biodiversity or Evolution). These can also be found in Czech version of Wikipedia. However, the treatment of the topics in Enviwiki is much more detailed more sources and study literature are cited. For comparison of 10 basic topics in Enviwiki and Czech and English versions of Wikipedia see the graph on the figure 4. Enviwiki shows the way to creation of specialized databases in local languages. The fact that the content of Enviwiki is in the hands of relatively few authors guarantees not only the quality and erudition of the entries but also inner consistence of the whole portal. The comprehensiveness of the whole portal also makes it possible to use links to Enviwiki in preparation of electronic courses. The content of entries (especially those elaborated with copyright) is comprehensive and does not change so often as in Wikipedia. Therefore an author of an e-learning course may feel quite confident that the link will take the student to the same content as there was in the time of development of the course. Several e-learning courses closely interlinked with Enviwiki have already been prepared at Charles University. The experience shows that this connection is very effective. That is why other courses of this type are presently being developed.
4.2 Portal WikiPedFie A different approach was selected for the process of creation of the mathematical section of the portal WikiPedFie (see Figure 5), which serves as a support to e-learning courses at the Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague (confer Adamec a spol. 2009). This portal is interlinked with courses in LMS Moodle. The aim of this portal is not to give information in the extent comparable to the English portal Wikipedia but to offer a guaranteed source of brief information which can be used by students as an outline of the taught topics and a source of exact definitions. The topics are arranged with respect to single subjects, which makes it easier for students to orientate themselves and which makes it a good source of information for lecturers about the subject matter taught in other subjects, The portal is constructed in cooperation of lecturers and students.
Wikipedia Enviwiki Wikipedia - Czech
Figure 4: Comparison of 10 basic topics in Enviwiki and Czech and English versions of Wikipedia
Figure 5: Portal WikiPedFie
Students’ collaboration on preparation of entries which are subsequently evaluated by teachers and after their editing placed on the WikiPedFie portal is a part of their compulsory course work. This process thus guarantees that all the entries placed on the portal have been edited by the academic staff and their content has been reviewed. Links to various topics are subsequently used within different courses, usually for definition of pre-requisites needed for the course or for support of theoretical exposition and during practice in the form of a link to already clarified concepts. Collaboration on wiki is one of the tasks students must fulfill within the course and substitutes the previously requested output of students’ individual work such as seminar work and oral presentations. During their work in wiki, students may either create new entries or edit the already existing ones. They may work individually or in groups. The existing experience shows that students prefer individual work on new entries. Even in cases in which they are to develop already existing topics and treat them in more details, they usually do not take the already existing material and start work from scratch with the use of other information sources. The niveau of the created entries is very different, both with respect to their content and their form. The crucial problem seems to lie in students’ management of information resources, their choice, use and citing. This in fact means the current experience of creation of entries for the portal WikiPedFie corresponds to the experience from work on E-V Learn project. (Zahradnik and Pachmanova 2009).
5. Wiki as the space for sharing experience The connectivist theory (Simens 2005a) claims that it is important not only to transfer information and create information resources, but also to create such an environment (ecology – see Simens 2005b) which will foster integration of information into students’ knowledge networks. This process is supported by the Web 2.0 tools for interaction among students and interaction student – teacher such as chat, blog, forum and wiki. Therefore the last possibility of using wiki tools to be discussed in this article is the use of wiki portal within a closed group of users for exchange of their experience. This is exactly how wiki tools are used by the authors within the frame of the project Smash (Jancarik and Jancarikova 2008) and for support of courses in Moodle at the Faculty of Education. Every e-learning course provides, besides other forms of support, the space for collaborative recording of one’s own knowledge and experience connected to a particular topic. This method has been used on a long-term basis in courses developed by the University of Athens and it proved to be highly effective (Giannoukos, 2008). The form predominantly used for sharing opinions and experience are blogs. Wiki tools however offer a completely different approach. The main differences are:
The notes of the different users are interwoven.
Each user has the right to change the notes of other users or to replace them by their own notes if they find it right.
The contributions to one topic are not listed in chronological order, although the user has the chance to follow the development of the topic in time.
6. Wiki and teacher training The use of e-learning courses in undergraduate teacher training at the Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague has two principal goals: Its first objective is provision of first-rate, easily accessible and popular study materials. The other, perhaps the more important objective is to furnish students – future teachers with personal experience with the use of e-learning courses in teaching. Students, within their pedagogical training, get acquainted with the potential of the use of modern technologies in teaching. However, this training is purely theoretical. There is only a single course in pedagogy at the Faculty of Education (called Effective instructional strategies) that is supported by e-learning materials in the Moodle environment. In consequence, it is the subject departments that take on the main burden of introducing students to
the use of ICT in teaching by integrating it into their subject curricula. Students most often get a chance to meet e-learning courses at the departments of biology, ICT, English and mathematics. In case of most students, it is their first encounter with an e-learning course. At the department of mathematics, there is also an e-learning course that supports the course of subject didactic (Mathematics education II). Here the e-learning course is no longer a tool, but also the subject of the course. The past three years has witnessed an on-going collaboration of the Faculty of Education and the Environment Centre of Charles University in the area of e-learning support of the subjects Introduction to ecology and Selected environmental issues. At the beginning of the semester, students of these subjects have the choice either to attend a standard seminar (which the students must attend), or to meet the criteria necessary to get the credit or pass the exam through an e-learning course. It is about 1/5 of students who select e-learning (e.g. because they are employed or because of illness The course begins by a meeting in a computer lab where students get information about the rules and where they get the necessary passwords (to log in). The e-learning course involves compulsory output (essays, seminar work or contributions to enviwiki) which must be handed in to meet agreed deadlines (in six steps in one semester). Another students’ compulsory task is to watch, comment on and asses the work of other participants of the course using the recommended tools. The teacher then together with the students evaluates the quality of the work submitted but also controls the students’ activity and their interaction (big brother), since the minimal number of comments on other students’ work is given in advance. The training therefore does not only function on the level teacher – student, but also on the level student – student and naturally also on the level of individual study from the recommended literature. The teacher’s role in an e-learning course is predominantly the role of a guide or a moderator. Every year, there is a proportion of students who fail to finish the course. This proportion seems to be slightly higher than in the case of the standard seminar, which might be caused by the fact that an e-learning course is predominantly selected by those students who have a lot of extra-school activities and sometimes find it difficult to manage combination of all their activities. Social bonds that are often created in standard courses are not eliminated in an e-learning course but are replaced by a different type of social relationships (skype, blog, chat), which are in fact very intensive in some of the courses. Students’ evaluations of a successfully completed course are very positive. Therefore it can be expected that e-learning courses will quickly develop not only in the frame of full-time studies but also (predominantly) in the combined form of studying.
7. Conclusion The comparison of the Czech and English versions of Wikipedia validates the hypothesis that the English version is much wider (it consists of more entries) and at the same time its entries are treated in much more detail (the entries are longer, with more hypertext links, pictures, graphs and photographs, and they also cite more references). The research, which explored localization of scientific topics, showed that scientific topics are translated much more often than other topics. Despite this positive trend, the research also showed that the entries are treated in much fewer details. Also the level of localization is different in different scientific fields and disciplines. The advantage of localized entries is that in some cases they provide links to references in national languages, or to literature in a different world language than English. However, the use of the Czech version of Wikipedia in preparation of e-learning courses seems to be more than problematic. The authors believe that a possible solution of this problem may be the development of specialized portals, localized to national languages, based on the same principles as Wikipedia, which will however also be:
a) locked (i.e. entries are changed concurrently),
b) authorized, guaranteed, or defended (i.e. the quality of the entries is guaranteed by a specialist).
An example of such portals are the portals Enviwiki and WikiPedFie described in the article. They have effectively been used in the Czech Republic in preparation of e-learning materials. Wiki tools may be used in development of e-learning courses not only for creation of a knowledge database but also for sharing of experience. Wiki tools have been successfully used in this area by the University of Athens for several years. This institution lent the technology for solution of the
SMASH project, in which the authors of this article collaborate. The experience from the SMASH project has been made use of in teacher training..
Acknowledgement This article was elaborated with the support of the project E-V Learn (SP/4h6/142/08).
References Amec, M., Jancarik, A., Jancarikova, K., Stehlikova, N. (2009) “ICT in the education of future teachers”, APLIMAT 2009, STU Bratislava, pp 637-643. Dlouhá, J.and Macháčková Henderson, L. (2008) “E-learning as an opportunity for virtual mobility and competence development within European Universities”, The Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on e-Learning (ECEL). Reading: Academic Publishing Limited., Book 1, pp. 297-307. Dlouhá, J., Dlouhý, J., Macháčková Henderson, L., Zahradník, M. (2009) “Wiki Software and Educational Principles of Communicative Action. Case study of the Czech electronic environmental encyclopedia (EnviWiki)”, E-learning conference: Boundary Changes: Redefining Learning Spaces, University of Plymouth. Giannoukos, I.,Lykourentzou, I., Mpardis, G., Nikolopoulos, V., Loumos, V., Kanafas, E. (2008) “Collaborative elearning environments enhanced by wiki technologies”, Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, Greece : ACM. Giles, J. (2005), “Internet encyclopedias go head to head”, Nature, volume 438, number 7070 (15 December), pp. 900-901. Godwin, S., McAndrew, P, Santos, A. (2007) “Behind Scenes with OpenLearn: The Challenges of researching the Provision of Open Education Resources”. Proceedings of the 6th Conference on E-learning: ECEL 2007. Copenhagen, Denmark. 4-5 October 2007, pp. 271-279. Jancarik, A. (2010) “Wikipedia and math education”, APLIMAT 2010, STU Bratislava, pp 765-770. Jancarik, A., and Jancarikova, K. (2008) “SMASH or Bridging the gap between school and family”, Mathematical Education from Pupil's and Primary school Teacher's view., Univerzita Palackeho, Olomouc. Magnus P.D. (2008) “Early response to false claims in Wikipedia”, First Monday, Volume 13 Number 9-1. Siemens, G (2005a), Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age, International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, Vol. 2 No. 1, Jan 2005 Siemens, G (2005b). Connectivism: Learning as Network-Creation, Learning Circuits, November 2005 Wikipedia:About (2009), Retrieved May 20, 2009 from the World Wide Web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About Zahradnik, M., Pachmanova, L. (2009) Příklad využití wiki-prostředí v environmentálním vzdělávání na vysoké škole: hodnocení kurzu Organizace a řízení ochrany životního prostředí, Envigogika, Volume 2009/3.
Academic Conferences and publishing International
Wiki Tools in the Preparation and Support of e-Learning Courses
Wiki tools, which became known mainly thanks to the Wikipedia encyclopedia, represent quite a new phenomenon on the Internet. The work prese...
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Britain’s Got Talent team is coming to Quay Arts
The IW Observer
The nation’s favourite talent show is hitting the road once again on its search to find talented acts for our brand-new series.
This year, the Britain’s Got Talent team is coming to Quay Arts, Newport, Isle of Wight on Wednesday (August 29). If you think you’ve got a talent which can impress and entertain, now is the time to show us what you’ve got. Successful acts will then be in with a chance of securing a place at one of the judges’ auditions in 2019.
The show is open to any performer of any age, with any talent – all you need is a skill and star quality which you think will impress. Anything goes from magicians to comedians, drag acts to singers and acrobats to animal stars.
The show is open to any performer of any age, with any talent
Executive producer Charlie Irwin said: “Britain’s Got Talent 2018 was a fantastic year for talent full of variety with, for the first time ever, a Comedian winning the show. We were left in stitches by runner- up Robert White, we were wiggle wining in the final with Reggae star Donchez Dacres, the incredible acrobats The Giang Brothers left us speechless and the laughs were endless with the hilarious winner the Lost Voice Guy.
“Now, we can’t wait to see what talent you’re ready to bring to the BGT stage in 2019. Anyone can apply – there is no age limit and we are looking for all kinds of talents. So, if you feel you have something special to show us, no matter what it is, then make sure you apply, you never know where it might take you!”
Following his BGT win, Lee Ridley, also known as the Lost Voice Guy, sold out his entire Edinburgh Fringe run and had to add on extra performances.
In 2019 Lee will be setting out on a UK tour, he is currently writing the second series of his popular Radio 4 sitcom Ability and has been commissioned to write about a book about disability.
Since being crowned the winner of Britain’s Got Talent 2017, Tokio Myers has co-produced the Artists for Grenfell charity single in support of The London Community Foundation, has released his debut album Our Generation, the biggest classical crossover of 2017, and won the award for Breakthrough Artist of the year at the Classic BRIT Awards 2018. He’s currently working on new music.
Among the show’s successes, Susan Boyle has sold more than 23 million records worldwide, Diversity have sold-out seven nationwide tours and are about to embark on their eighth UK tour Ignite, while multi-platinum selling artist Paul Potts has sold six million records worldwide.
Have you got what it take?
BGT 2014 winners Collabro have had a No. 1 album and Calum Scott, Simon’s golden buzzer in 2015, was the first ever Britain’s Got Talent contestant to be nominated for a Brit Award for his single Dancing on My Own. Previous BGT Series 9 semi-finalist, Sheku Kanneh-Mason, who was part of the classical band The Kanneh-Masons, went on to win the BBC’s Young Musician of the Year 2016. Since appearing on BGT, Sheku has performed at the BAFTAs, the BBC Proms and the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle.
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Tag Archives: Blood
So I’m back from my mini vacation with my niece, and my review of the second half of The Buccaneers, isn’t finished. So we will have a brief intermission with this post.
Have you ever noticed that women are like werewolves?
I know some of you might find it weird, rude, and possibly offensive for me to suggest it-but hear me out. I have shared this on twitter before-but thought I would go a bit more in-depth on here.
So I’m on my period, and I’ve talked about this before-it sucks.
Yep, that pretty much sums it up.
And every time it comes the same thought enters my mind. A woman on her period is like a werewolf.
So werewolves-they are affected by a full moon which happens to be about 4-6 days once a month (sometimes two if the days fall a certain way.)
Women have their period once a month (sometimes two if the month falls a certain way or stressful situations arise) and it lasts about 4-7 days. Hmm…
When a werewolf changes he has no control over his emotions or body. They get hairy, larger, claws, etc They can’t fit in their clothes right-it seems like none of the tops ever fit, only the pants-barely.
And for us ladies on our period-acne, aches and pains, I always feel I’m more hairier, and I feel gigantic in everything. I can’t go clothes shopping as I’m bloated and there are certain clothes that do not fit.
Ugh!
And it isn’t a painless process either. Like I hate modern adaptions where the werewolves change and it is no sweat, in legend and original films the transformation was a painful thing.
And same for us ladies. Every time my period comes, constant pain.
No joke this enters m mind every month
Not to mention the anger. Original werewolf tales-angry, furious, and can’t control it.
I Was a Teenage Werewolf
When I’m on my period-watch out!
When one is transformed into a werewolf, they crave strange substances-human blood, flesh, raw meat…
And I don’t know about you, but when I’m on my period I start craving the strangest things. I’m not really a sugar person but on my period all I can think of is candy, cake, pie, brownies, etc. And I’m not a big meat eater-mostly vegetarian, but whenever my period comes-I’m dreaming of steak, burgers, pepperoni and sausage pizza, etc. And I want to eat all the time.
I know some of you think I’m crazy, but I’m not.
I just think us women are like werewolves.
I hope you all enjoyed this silly post, and of you have anything for me to add, leave a comment.
For more werewolf posts, go to Mr. Hyde Versus the Werewolf: Dr. Jekyll Versus the Werewolf (1972)
For more period posts, go to Period Days are Reading Days
Posted in Modern Times
Tagged Anger, Angry, Bloated, Blood, Flesh, Full Moon, Nothing Fits, Period, Tea Break, The Buccaneers, Virtual Vacation, Werewolf, Werewolves
February 7, 2018 by Moreland
I Will Wait for You: This Episode Sucks, Psych (2011)
Romantic Moment #7
“This Episode Sucks” Psych (2011)
I love Psych.
I found the show absolutely hilarious and started watching it all the time. That is until they mentioned the last season. I stopped watching as I didn’t want it to end right away. But of course, if you love something you can’t stay away from it too long.
So the show is about Shawn Spencer (James Roday) who is just your average guy, except for one thing. He has a photographic memory.
His father was a cop and honed a thousand such skills, like psychology of body language, how to detect liars, etc- in him. He rebelled from his father and left his home of Santa Barbara, CA to travel all over the world. When he returns, he is able to solve tons of crimes just from watching the news reports. When the cops get suspicious on how he is doing it, thinking he is actually committing some of these crimes, he lies and says he is a psychic.
Oh, well
Soon he has roped his best friend since childhood, Burton “Gus” Guster into being a part of his crime solving crew, and the duo become consultants for the SBPD (Santa Barbara Police Department).
So a lot of stuff has happened when this episode airs. Shawn and Gus have cemented themselves as consultants for the SBPD and have solved tons of cases. Shawn has started dating Officer Juliet O’Hara, after a long series of him trying to get with her.
Carlton Lassiter and Shawn have a relationship in which most of the time they can’t stand each other, but do have moments where they actually work together.
Carlton wife has divorced him, he’s lonely and unhappy with life. One night as he is drinking at a bar he is approached by a beautiful blonde woman, Marlowe. For serious fans, you’ll recignize her as Kristy Swanson, the original Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Sh disappears, and Carlton searches for her. The next morning he’s called to a crime scene where a victim has lost all their blood and has two pinpricks at the neck and wrist.
Of course Shawn and Gus immediately think Vampire.
And they start investigating as others are attacked and the local blood bank is hit.
Juliet O’Hara; Shawn Spencer as Lestat from Interview With a Vampire; and Gus Guster as Mamuwalde from Blacula
Marlowe ties into all this somehow-could she be a killer? Or worse-a vampire?
Most Romantic Moment: I Will Wait for You
***Spoiler Warning***
So this romantic moment comes at the very end of the episode. Carlton has fallen for Marlowe, only to discover that she originally approached him to knock him out and drain his blood for her brother-someone who suffers from a rare blood type and rare disease that keeps him in constant need of transfusions.
She didn’t go through with it, and wanted to date him for him-but has to serve jail time for breaking into the local blood bank and stealing vials for her brother.
She asks him to visit so she can talk to him and he comes.
Marlowe Viccellio: [in jail] I wasn’t sure you’d come.
Carlton Lassiter: I’m a man of my word.
Marlowe Viccellio: I’m so sorry. I wish I…
Carlton Lassiter: Look, you did what you thought you had to do. If there’s an upside to any of this, it’s that your brother will finally get the care he needs now that he’s going to be in the system for a long, long, long time…Can I ask you something?
Marlowe Viccellio: Anything.
Carlton Lassiter: Where would you rate “Pink Cadillac” in the Eastwood canon?
Marlowe Viccellio: Not very high, I’m afraid. I mean, I suppose it’s good as a companion piece to “City Heat”, but he’s much funnier with the orangutan.
[Lassiter turns away, hastily scribbles a note on a scrap of paper, then turns back around and presses the note against the glass]
Awwwwwwwww, so romantic!
Aw!
Not only is he loyal and waits for her, but faithfully visits her every Wednesday.
Aw! How sweet!
To start Romance is in the Air: Part V, go to Who Says I Have to Stop: Fireproof (2008)
For the previous post, go to You Can Be Yourself With Me: George of the Jungle (1997)
For more Psych, go to It’s A Fan World After All
For more on Carlton Lassiter, go to At the End of the Rainbow: 17 More Irish Heroes
For more on Vampires, go to Scarlet Night: Archie’s Weird Mysteries (2000)
Posted in Romance is in the Air VI
Tagged Blacula, Blood, Blood Bank, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992), Burton "Gus" Guster, Carlton Lassiter, City Heat, Clint Eastwood, Interview With a Vampire, Jail, James Roday, Juliet O'Hara, Kristy Swanson, Lestat, Long-Distance Relationship, Mamuwalde, Marlowe Viccellio, Pink Cadillac, Pretend to be a Vampire, Psych, Psychic, Shawn Spencer, This Episode Sucks, Vampire, Vampire Bite
I Don’t Kill People Anymore: Psycho II (1983)
I don’t kill people anymore.
So you all know how I feel about sequels.
I can’t stand them, there are few and far between that I can actually watch, let alone love.
But I decided to review the sequel to Friday the 13th on Friday the 13th. And to take that one step further, I’ll be reviewing a sequel to horror films that spanned sequels and influenced the horror genre. First one:
You all know that I love Alfred Hitchcock:
And how much I love Psycho.
So I thought I would give this a watch when it came up on AMC‘s Fear Friday. This film takes place 22 years after the original, Norman having been receiving help that whole time has finished the program and will be released to society and the Bates Motel.
Norman thinks he is ready to live his life again, but there are many others who are not. One of which is Marion’s sister Lila Loomis (she and Sam ended up getting married).
Lila Loomis: What about his victims? I have a petition here signed by 743 people against Norman Bates’ release, including the relatives of the seven people he murdered.
Norman sets about living a normal life as much as he can, hopeful that life will be better.
Dr. Raymond: You don’t have to stay. I could find you a place in town.
Norman Bates: No, no. I… I want to stay here.
Dr. Raymond: As long as you realize the memories are more likely to reoccur here. But you know how to handle that now, don’t you?
Norman Bates: Sure.
He discovers the person placed in charge of the motel while Norman was sent away was using the motel as an hourly one and to deal drugs. Norman kicks him out, takes a job at the local diner run by Mrs. Spool, and things seem to be going well. He even befriends a young waitress, Mary Samuels.
Things start going downhill fast when Norman is given mysterious notes and phone calls from Mrs. Bates.
Then a womanly figure in black is seen running around the complex and bodies are piling up.
Norman is trying to keep it together, but is feeling the pressure and unraveling with every attack. Objects in blood are found in the house, he starts forgetting what he was doing and where he was, items of his mother’s he thought were given/thrown away all end up back in the house.
Mary feels bad for him as he is trying so hard, she ends up moving in with him to help him keep it together. And when the sheriff comes to question him about an incident, she outright lies to protect him.
Sheriff John Hunt: Are you sure neither one of you heard anything between four to five this afternoon?
Norman Bates: No, I was…
Mary: [cutting Norman off] He was with me all afternoon. We were walking in the fields behind the house around that time.
Sheriff John Hunt: Okay. Nice to see you again, Norman. [the sheriff and his deputy walk out. Mary closes the front door and watches them walk away]
Norman Bates: [to Mary; bewildered] Why did you do THAT?
Mary: Do what?
Norman Bates: Lie to the sheriff. You weren’t with me all afternoon!
Mary: I had to do something! He was going to arrest you! [Norman suddenly holds his head in pain, and slumps down into a nearby armchair] Norman, what’s wrong?
Norman Bates: It’s starting again.
Is someone trying to make Norman go crazy? Has Mrs. Bates risen from the grave? Or is Norman starting to kill again?
I have mixed feelings about this movie.
Let’s start with the negative:
So this movie was made in the ’80s and they decided that the classy way the original film was made wasn’t going to fly with modern viewers. So there is a lot of blood, gore, sex, etc.
Now what was positive:
I like this
I loved that they had the original actors reprise their roles. Anthony Perkins is just sheer perfection at playing a sweet innocent man you just feel sympathy and empathy for-and at the same time flip and be frightening.
I liked that the director really concentrated on trying to copy Alfred Hitchcock’s style and use the same angles and lighting he did.
The story line had a few issues, but for the most part they tried hard to be suspenseful like the original and have an ending you weren’t expecting.
For the previous post, go to For All You Know, A Witch Might Be Living Next Door to You: The Witches (1990)
For more on Psycho, go to We All Go a Little Mad Sometimes: Psycho (1960)
For more sequels, go to But If Any of It Fell Into the Wrong Hands…:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II, Secret of the Ooze (1991)
For more ’80s films, go to That’s What We’re Trying to Find out! We’re Trying to Find Out Who Killed Him, and Where, and With What!: Clue (1985)
For more on Fear Fridays, go to Dracula. Not Myth, Nor Ravings of a Mad Irish Novelist, Oh No, He’s Real: Dracula 2000 (2000)
Tagged '80s film, Alfred Hitchcock, All About the '80s, Anthony Perkins, Based on Alfred Hitchcock, Bates' Motel, Blood, Dr. Bill Raymond, Fear Fridays, Forgetting Things, Lila Crane, Lila Loomis, Marion Crane, Mary Loomis, Mary Samuels, Meg Tilly, Mrs. Spool, Norman Bates, Psycho, Psycho (1960), Psycho II, Sequel, Sheriff John Hunt, Spanned Sequels, Sucky Sequels, Vera Miles
November 13, 2014 by Moreland
The Little Moreland
So you all are aware I’m a Disney fan right? I mean after my 30 Days of Disney I think it’s pretty obvious.
So being female, I loved the Disney princesses, my favorite being Princess Aurora from Sleeping Beauty and Belle from The Beauty and the Beast.
Now in the past I have compared myself to Cinderella, Snow White, and Belle; but I never thought I would compare myself to Ariel.
Although now that I’m a redhead, I can see it.
In fact, I once took a quiz that said I was her, and I thought yeah right, that’s not me.
Go here to see which you belong in/are
But the other day I was full on The Little Mermaid. Although, truth be told it wasn’t really the Disney version, but the hardcore Hans Christian Anderson one.
You see in the original story The Little Mermaid was the youngest of six sisters. On her 15th birthday she is able to go up to the surface where she sees the prince and saves his life during a storm.
She visits him everyday at his palace at the seashore and falls in love.
So romantic!
She soons becomes heartbroken as she can’t be with him. Nothing makes her happy, all she wants is to be human.
The other mermaids tell her to be happy, she can live for over 300 years. But she won’t have it. She travels to the sea-witch who lives in a horrible area and is an awful crazy person. The sea-witch turns her into a human, for her voice. However, their are strong consequences. One, she can never, ever be a mermaid again. Two, every step will be agonizing pain. Three, if the prince marries another, the next morning she will die with no soul but turn into foam. The Little Mermaid agrees and her tongue is cut out.
She washes up on shore and the prince takes her into his house. He clothes her and cares for her, as if she was his little sister. He tells her of the girl that saved his life and that she will be the only one he will ever love.
Well time comes when the prince has to marry. And the girl chosen is so beautiful he agrees. In fact, he asks the Little Mermaid to be in the ceremony.
She is in so much heartbreak as she is doomed to die while the man she loves is to be married to another.
Her five sisters come to see her. They have cut off all their hair and given it to the sea-witch. They give her a knife and tell her that if she kills the prince and sprinkles his blood on her feet then she will be a mermaid again. But she must do it before the sunrise. She goes into the room to kill him…but she can’t do it. She loves him too much.
So she dies.
Yes she dies. But she doesn’t turn to foam. She instead is given an eternal soul because she sacrificed herself for another.
I always knew the books we read as kids strongly affect us.
But I didn’t know how much until now.
So you are probably wondering what this has to do with me? How am I like The Little Mermaid? Book or film, I’m pretty sure all of you are wanting me to get to the point.
Well for Halloween this year I decided to be Poison Ivy. She is my favorite villainess, as I think she is just amazing. I did a post on her that includes pics of the costume.
So anyways, this past summer I mentioned I was in Wyoming, and that is the land of meat + potatoes. Fruit and veggies are few and far between. So since that summer, I’ve been feeling large.
Yes I do, but I noticed I have put more weight on in the butt/thigh area, or at least that’s what it feels like. So I decided that it was time to get into shape. I started doing squats and did about 100. I was feeling pretty good about it too.
The next day I was a bit sore, but still feeling good.
The next day that was radically different. I drove to an interview, wearing my two inch boots, preparing to change into my four-inch heels when I got there. When I reached the site, I had to park a bit away. After I parked I changed into my heels.
Now I love heels. If you remember from a previous post, I’m short. I’m only 5’3, so heels are great as they finally make me closer to my dream height. They make me feel powerful and awesome. The higher the better.
So walking in 3-5 inch heels is not unusual for me. However, this time was much different. It WAS SO PAINFUL.
I felt just like The Little Mermaid.
“It will feel like a sword were passing through your body…each step you take will feel like sharp knives piercing your feet. “
That’s how it felt with me. Each step was utter agony as my muscles just burned and were so inexplicably sore.
I had to take so many breaks. As soon as I could I went to my car and changed my shoes. I’ve decided to rest from squats. And heels. I’ll just have to accept my bod for what it is.
Or focus on a different exercise!
For more on The Little Mermaid, go to I’m Not Gonna Lose Her Again
For more on Hans Christian Anderson, go to Disney Lesson
For more on my fashion style, go to Fashionably Postworthy
For more on Disney, go to Who’s Afraid of Cory Wolf?
For more fairy tales, go to Happily Ever Aftermath
For more book-y posts, go to Conan the Librarian
For more of my favorite quotes, go to Part XI: A Movie Line List ‘s Excellent Adventure
Posted in Book Lover, Disney, Fairy Tales, Modern Times, Musings of Me, Non-Austen Movies, Quotable Quotes, Supernatural
Tagged 30 Day Challenge, 30 Days of Disney, Anna, Ariel, Arms Self With a Knife, Aurora, Awesome, Be Human, Beauty and the Beast, Beauty is Pain, Becomes a Part of You, Before Sunrise, Belle, Blood, Boots, Bubble Foam, Buffy Summers, Butcher Knife, Butt, Buzzfeed, Cares for Others, Cinderella, Classic Disney Film, Clothes, Costume, Curvy, Curvy and I Like It, Cut Hair, Cut Off, Cut off Hair, Dean Winchester, Disney, Disney Animated Film, Disney Character, Disney Film, Disney Heroine, Disney Princess, Disney Remake, Disney Royalty, Disney Version, Drown, Eric, Eternal Soul, Fairy Tales, Fairytale Prince, Falls in Love, Feet, Foam, Four-Inch Heels, Friends (TV Show), Frozen, Fruit, g, Get in Shape, Halloween, Hans Christian Anderson, Head High, Heartbreak, Heartbroken, High Heels, High Standards, Human, Identity. Book Part of your Identity, Interview, Job Interview, Joey Tribbiani, Kill the Girl Who Cares for Him, Little Sister, Meat, Meg Ryan, Mermaid, Murder, Obsessive Disney Disorder, Padme, Pain, Palace, Perfect for Each Other, Personality Quizzes, Poison Ivy, Potatoes, Powerful, Prince, Prince Eric, Princess Aurora, Queen Elsa, Quiz, Read a Book, Red Hair, Redhead, Sacrifices Self, Saved, Saved from Drowning, Saves a Life, Sea Witch, Seashore, Shore, Sister, Sisters, Sleeping Beauty, Snow White, Snow White & the Seven Dwarfs, Snow White and Seven Dwarves, Sore, Soul, Squats, Step, Storm, Summer, Sunrise, Supernatural, Supervillian, Sword, The Little Mermaid, The man she loves is to be married to another, The Surface, Thigh, Timing Wrong, Tongue, Tongue Cut Out, Travesty, Veggies, Villainess, Voice, Walt Disney, Washes Up on Shore, Weight, Witch, Wyoming, You're Awesome, You've Got Mail, Youngest
Beast or Man: The Wolfman (2010)
There is no sin in killing a beast, only in killing a man. But where does one begin and the other end?
So this year I decided to do something very, very different. Now the in the past, all Horrorfests have ended on a film that takes place on Halloween. This wasn’t a credence that I set out to make, it just kind of happened along the way. With Horrorfest I had always planned on ending on Halloween (1978). I knew it was the best way to end the first year with a big bang. Besides, that year I had done the other slasher films that spanned numerous sequels and remakes (Friday the 13th & Nightmare on Elm Street). Horrorfest II I was trying to also end on a really great film that would produce the same kind of bang, and decided on Children of the Corn as that film was creepy. It also happened to take place on Halloween.
This year I was trying to decide what would be the best opener and closer. I was originally going to open with Metropolis as I had done a post in July referencing it. But after I wrote that post, it just didn’t speak to me as an opener. I started going through my drafts and that’s when I spotted The Wolf Man (1941). The Wolf Man has to be my favorite of the classic horror film monsters (along with The Phantom of the Opera). I hadn’t had a chance to review it yet, and since it was the last of the classics I decided it should be the opener.
Once I wrote that post, I was so excited. You see, I felt I really couldn’t to a post on any werewolf films until I had covered the first one. I thought it was only right to start with the original. With that done, I could move onto any other werewolf film I desired. The possibilities were endless.
With the beginning finished, I then set my sights on the end. What could I do that would really pop? As I started thinking and looking, I saw my draft for The Wolfman (2010). And that’s when it hit me.
I could end Horrorfest III with The Wolfman (2010). It could be like bookends!!!! In the beginning the original that started it all and the end the newest rendition. !!! Yes!! It could work and it will. So here we are The Wolfman (2010).
So a little backstory before we begin the review. As you would have read in an older post, I love The Wolf Man (1941). It is one of my all-time favorite horror films. One day in my photography class, we were watching trailers of different films as we were looking at the cinematography and technique. My teacher was on a Mac which has Front Row, and shows you trailers of the past, present, and future films. One trailer I remember looking at was Nightmare on Elm Street (2010). I wasn’t planning on seeing it, as I hadn’t seen the original. But as we reached the end, I saw The Wolfman.
I screamed ay my teacher, stop!! I want to see that. So we watched the trailer.
AWESOME!!! RIGHT!!! So I knew there were going to be changes, I knew it was going to be nowhere near as good as the original, but I was soooo pumped!! So I watched the trailer in February 2009, and saw the film was slated for that October. I couldn’t wait!!!
I ticked off the months, but then in October I discovered it wasn’t out in theaters.
Yep, there had been some production problems, so they pushed it back to February. FEBRUARY!!! V-Day weekend. I was upset, but what could I do? I just had to wait it out.
But then February came and I decided that it would be my V-day present to myself. You see I have never had a boyfriend or date for V-day, so I always just buy myself whatever I want. It’s actually pretty nice as you don’t have to fight with anyone over where to go or what to see; and you are never, ever, ever, disappointed.
I asked a couple of friends who were also single and we bought tickets for opening night. I knew that I wouldn’t be 100% pleased, but I was looking forward to those improved transformation scenes.
So moving on to the review.
So let’s go back in time. The year is 1891 and we are in England. Lawrence Talbot (Benicio del Toro) is the second son of Sir John Talbot (Anthony Hopkins). He and his dad had a lot of issues and problems so he left as soon as he could. Since then he has been a renowned Shakespearean actor, famous throughout all England for his Hamlet and Macbeth.
He recieves a letter from a Gwen Conliffe (Emily Blunt). She was engaged to his older brother Ben, but he has been murdered. Not only was he murdered, but horribly mangled by something. When Lawrence gets the news, he immediately returns home for the funeral.
When he gets there he sees his father and the two have a harsh welcome. Unlike The Wolf Man (1941), where father and son were trying to work on repairing their relationship, Sir John doesn’t care. He still has huge issues with his son not being what he wants him to be. The way that Sir John treats him, causes Lawrence to want to leave, and go far away…but he can’t. He has to properly say good-bye to his brother.
Lawerence does try to get away from his father as he knows staying near him will just cause more fights. He also really wants to see his brother. So he heads down to the local slaughterhouse where the body is kept before burial.
I know but you have to remember this is a small village in 19th century England. They didn’t have a mortuary to hold the body until burial. They also didn’t understand how diseases spread and that it is not a good idea to have a dead body near your food.
There at the slaughterhouse, the butcher gives Laurence his brother’s items, that is everything found on him at the time of his death.
Later that night he heads over to the local pub for a drink and overhears the gossip on the murder. Most of the villagers blame a band of gypsies. Not long after they moved into the area, Ben was murdered. In fact, someone remembers a case occuring years earlier of gypsies moving into the area and dead bodies surfacing. As they discuss this, Laurence remembers that Ben had had a gypsy medallion on him.
This is the first time that Laurence has ever met his brother’s fiance Gwen. Now for you Wolf Man fans, you should recognize that it is the same name given to Laurence’s love interest in the original film. Except in that film she was to marry the hunter/groundsman of the Talbot estates. Anyways, Laurence meets her and can instantly see why his brother fell for her, as he himself is attracted to her.
Of course Lawrence is the most amazing, gentleman/good guy that he would never ever think of putting the moves on her. He does thank her for trying to be there for his father and for everything. He also let’s her know that if she ever needs him, he’ll be there for him.
Gwen is also attracted to him, and you really can’t blame her. If Benecio is in his early 40s, that means her husband to-be was hecka old. Also Benecio/Lawrence has this adorable hurt puppy dog look that makes you just want to show him he is special, and that you care for him. He looks so sad that it makes you just want to take him, and take care of him. Making sure is life is bright and never unhappy again. That look is killer on any girl as it flies through their best defenses. Major chink in the armor.
Sorry, digressing….So with Lawrence back, and the funeral over, Gwen decides to return to London. Laurence would like to leave too, but wth his brother’s death, he now is sole heir to the estate and the first son. When his father dies he will become Sir Lawrence and be expected to uphold all those duties (House of Lords most likely). This isn’t the life that Laurence wants, but at this moment he is too loaded with grief and confusion over his brother’s death that he doesn’t question or try to rebel.
So with Gwen gone, and his father an emotionless robot who only cares about himself; Lawrence takes it upon himself to try and figure out what happened to his loving brother. Now Lawrence is putting on the black cowl and trying to become a vigilante or anything, he just wants some closure about his brother’s death. He heads down to the gypsy camp to try to get some answers.
Where were you the night in question?
That night is a full moon
Which as you’ve guessed it means trouble is going to be roaming about. Lawrence meets up with the gypsy woman Maleva, who tells him that something truly evil has attacked his brother.
But before he can get anything more, the townspeople attack the village. They try to drive the gypsies from the area, and kill a dancing bear they believe to be the beast that killed Ben Talbot.
Grab your torches and sharpen your pitchforks!
As they are attacking, a superhuman, wolfish creature descends upon the area and starts slaughtering people.
And I’m not talking about just a few people, this is like a Scream sequel. The body count by the end of this film is in the double digits.
Hey, my generation is the Millennials. They aren’t as classy, they need lots more blood and guts.
Anyways, the werewolf is attacking everyone, and Lawrence spots a young boy running into the woods. At the same time the werewolf spots the boy, causing Lawrence to put himself in the way in order to protect the child. As he does so, the wolf attacks him.
And he gets bitten.
Malvea find him and cares for him, despite the community telling her that it is better for all if they let him die. But Malvea can’t, she says he still is a man and deserves to be treated as such. She also states that only a loved one can kill him.
Malvea honey, I don’t think so. Anyone can kill a werewolf as long as they have some kind of silver object. Nowhere is that in the original film, as if you read my post you would know that film revolutionized werewolf mythology. Click here to check it out now.
And besides that, is there nothing you can do for him? You are a cinematic gypsy in a horror film! You’re supposed to have a potion or herb or special thing that can protect you from turning. Now if you have read my Dracula, The Mummy, The Wolf Man, or Scream 2 posts, you know I make fun of the films when the guy is given a special charm to protect him but then stupidly turns it over to the girl he loves, EVEN THOUGH IT WILL NOT WORK FOR HER.
But I really enjoy that part of the film, as it humanizes the character and makes you adore them. I mean its sweet how much they love the girl in their life that if there is anything that can do to ward of the monster, they prefer them to have it. Even though by doing so they make things worse, hey it’s the thought that counts.
I also hate how gypsies have been giving “B” standing in modern horror films. I mean without their supreme wisdom and knowledge in the supernatural, they are just nomadic people. In real life they are still awesome, in a horror film? That’s just boring.
But I guess that’s just they way it is these days.
So where was I? Oh yeah, Lawrence has been bitten by the werewolf. He is moved back to Talbot Manor, and Gwen returns from London to nurse him back to health. While recovering he has really strange dreams. Lots of blood, murder, and even his mother appears. You see his mother died when he was very, very young and her death severely traumatized her as he discovered her dead body. But why would that death be haunting him now? Is it because of Ben? The slaughtered people seen in the gypsy camp? Or is it something else?
Lawrence actually heals pretty quickly, which he finds kind of odd. And that’s not the only thing that’s odd in the Talbot homestead. One day his father’s manservant, Singh (Art Malik), shows him a case of silver bullets and hints that something monstrous is walking through the woods.
He’s not the only one concerned. Inspector Abberline (Hugo Weaving) comes to town. Yes, yes I’m going to admit it. Any film with Hugo Weaving gets an 10x increase in awesome. I mean this guy is truly one of the most talented actors alive. When he ecomes a role you totally forget that he is Hugo Weaving and just think of him as that character. For me I’m always going, Hugo Weaving was in that film? Oh that’s who was that amazing character. I totally forgot that character was being played by an actor. I mean he is that good. You have Agent Smith in The Matrix, Elrond in The Lord of the Rings trilogy, V in V for Vendetta, the Red Skull in Captain America: The First Avenger, and that’s just to name a few.
Anyways, Inspector Abberline comes to town to investigate. He already believes he knows who the killer is…Lawrence.
Seriously? Lawrence? A Murderer? Come on, this guy wouldn’t hurt a fly. I mean look at him, really look at him. There isn’t a murderous bone in his body! Besides, he just arrived in town so there is no way he could have murdered his brother. Dude, you’re dumb.
But it isn’t completely ungrounded. You see, Lawrence has a history of “mental problems.” You see, I didn’t want to give you the full story so early, but Lawrence’s mother’s death really did a number on him. Now today, we would really try to help the child as we understand such events as those are highly traumatic and can cause serious issues. Then not so much. Lawrence discovered the body and was very upset. He was afraid and kept mentioning a monster had hurt her. Instead of trying to help his kid, Sir John sent him to an insane asylum, where he was tortured. And I mean torture. Many methods to improve these patients were electrotherapy, iron cuffs/collars, bloodletting, dipping the patient in hot or ice-cold water, and a gyrating chair “to shake up the blood and tissues of the body to restore equilibrium”. By the 1900s, many hospitals had added lobotomies to their lists of “cures”.
Yeah not fun. So Aberline thinks he is the perfect suspect. Laurence though, is having none of that.
Lawrence Talbot: I get your implication, and resent it. You’re clearly aware of my personal history, as I believe I’m aware of yours. Weren’t you in charge of the ripper case a couple of years back?
Det. Aberline: You’re a direct man. So I’ll be equally direct with you. I am not your enemy, Mr. Talbot. You’ve been seen as Hamlet, Macbeth, Richard III, all with that same face. A prudent man would ask who else might be living inside that head of yours?
Laurence doesn’t quite know what is going on and asks Gwen to leave as he’s worried something might happen to her. That night he follows his father, and watches him go down to the family crypt, to the area where his dead mother resides. There he finds a chair with restranints. His father locks the door and stays in the crypt, leaving a confused Laurence.
As Laurence turns to go inside, he becomes…The Wolfman!
Now this was worth the price of admission. These transformation scenes are awesome!!!
Freakin’ sweet!
So now that he is a wolfman, he does what they all do. Ravage the countryside.
The next day the Inspector comes for him and has him arrested to be sent back to the “mental hospital”
How horrible is that. I mean this has to be Laurence’s biggest fear, to be sent back to that horrible place. Poor guy. And I was doing some research last night, not only were insane asylums awful, but the one he has to go to, Bedlam, was one of the worst.
Dr. Hoennegar, the leading physician, takes Laurence under his wing and subjects him to ice treatments, that is to be consistently dunked into ice water and left there for long periods of time.
And oh joy, he also gets electroshock therapy.
While he is incarcerated, Sir John comes to visit and tells him a story. You see Sir John is the cause of all this.
Back in the day when he was younger and hunting in India, he heard this rumor about an unusual predator. He travels to the remote cave that the predator calls his home and while there was bit by a feral boy and became a victim of lycanthropy.
Except, it was more than “imagining” he actually became a werewolf and began attacking things.
That’s when Laurence realizes everything about his mother’s death makes total sense. He did see a beast kill her, but it was his father! His father killed his mother and then sent him to a mental institution!!! What a truly, truly evil man to allow his son to be tortured. And now for a second time!!!
Now this was my biggest issue with the film. Every other part of the movie was actually pretty great. It was an amazing homage to the orginal film. Benecio del Toro was actually a huge fan of the original and tried to bring a lot of Lon Chaney Jr. into his acting. But the thing I absolutely hate was the changed relationship with his father.
It just didn’t work in my opinion. I mean that is what truly made the original fantastic, was that everything in his life was going great, he was a great man; and this tragedy strikes that ruins everything. He and his father were finally, finally becoming close and working out all their issues. He had met a nice girl, even though she was engaged, and had hope for that relationship. He loved England and was getting back into the groove of it. But then this horrible thing happens and he has to say good-bye to it all. He knows he is going to die, but what does he do? He goes to his dad and makes sure that he has something to protect him. Because even though he has spent years hating and being angry at his father, he truly loves him. It’s just so wonderful and sad all at the same time
But having the dad the evil guy, I don’t know…it just makes the film feel as if it is missing a huge part of it. It doesn’t hit in the heart like the orginal.
But moving on, so his father murdered his mother and then sent the only witness to a torture chamber (mental hospital) to ensure that those memoris would never come to light as they are only crazy “child fantasies”.
Since then, Sir John has had his manservant Singh has been locking him up so he doesn’t wreck havoc anymore. However, Ben was planning to leave with Gwen once they were married and this enraged Sir John. He wasn’t locked up that night and killed him to keep him from going away. He became so incensed with the power that he ran wild later, killing all in the gypsies camp and biting Laurence purposely.
Omg what a–
He did it on purpose because he wanted a fall guy. He wants to roam free as a werewolf and he allows his son to be caught and tortured. Argh!!! Urhg! this man! I;m so angry I can’t spell right. He needs a good sock in the face.
After he finishes his story he leaves, intent on never returning.
He deserves another punch.
That night Laurence is taken to the observation room, where the good doctor presents him as a curio to his collegues. Unbeknowest to him, moonlight is coming through the window and landing on Laurence. This causes him to turn into….the Wolfman!
This is one of the coolest scenes, but unfortunately I could only find it in Italian. Sorry! But you don’t really need to understand what they are saying to enjoy the effects/makeup.
Dr. Hoenneger: Ah, Mr. Talbot. We are here tonight to illustrate conclusively that Mr. Talbot’s fears are quite irrational. So, we will remain in this room together, and once Mr. Talbot has witnessed that the full moon holds no sway over him, that he remains a perfectly ordinary human being, he will have taken his first small step down the long road to mental recovery. We are all aware that Mr. Talbot has suffered quite traumatic personal experiences. He witnessed his mother’s self mutilations. His young mind, unable to accept it, created a fantastical truth, that his father is to blame. That is father is literally a monster. But, your father is not a werewolf. You were not bitten by a werewolf. You will not become a werewolf, any more than I will sprout wings and fly out of that window.
Freakin’ AWESOME
Totally fangirl over that.
Laurence runs away, being chased by the Inspector, and also wreaking havoc. There are some truly amazing shots of him by the bridge, on statues. Just plain awesome!
The next day he visits Gwen in her antique shop. They realize they have fallen in love, but Laurence knows nothing can come of it. He has to kill his father and himself in order to protect others.
Inspector Abberline comes to see if Lawrence is there, but he is too late. Lawrence has already left for Talbot estate.
Gwen refuses to believe that they can’t be together. She starts studying lycanthropy and tracks down Maleva the gypsy for more advice. Maleva cannot help her, as there is no cure for werewolf.
Noo!
Meanwhile, the Inspector has also headed back to the village and this time armed with silver bullets. That show in the Observation room must have finally convinced him that werewolves are real. Gwen also heads toward Talbot Hall.
Lawrence is the first to arrive and discovers a murdered Singh. He takes his gun loaded with the silver bullets and starts hunting his father.
Sir John Talbot: You have me at a disadvantage. It makes me happy.
Lawrence Talbot: What does?
Sir John Talbot: Well, seeing you here like this. My son returned. It is glorious, isn’t it?
Lawrence Talbot: No, it’s hell.
Sir John is a freak. He needs help. Serious help.
Anyways, it turns out there are no bullets in Singh’s gun, but blanks. Sir John did that on purpose as he will not be destroyed. Sir John attacks his son and the two begin fighting. The full moon comes up and transfroms them into werewolves. And yes, yes we have a werewolf fight. I personally thought it was a little cheesy (and dumb) but this is the millenal generation. And it is something the people want.
So after Laurence burns and decapiitates his father, Gwen walks into the house.
NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO GWEN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The wolfman, Lawrence, attacks her. Luckily, the inspector had also just arrived on the scene. He tries to use his gun, but misses allowing him to be bit by the werewolf. Gwen steals the gun and takes off, being pursued by the wolfman.
He chases her to a waterfall. With nowhere left to go, Gwen starts begging and pleading with the wolfman, hoping to get to Lawrence. Lawrence reason faintly returns to the beast, who hesitates. He then hears the sound of a posse coming to attack him.
While he is concentrated on them, Gwen shoots him through the heart.
Laurence changes back to his human form, and before he dies thanks Gwen for saving him.
Lawrence Talbot: [his eyes open after being shot by a silver bullet and transforming back into a human] Gwen?
Gwen Conliffe: [crying] I’m sorry…
Lawrence Talbot: It had to be this way.
Gwen Conliffe: I’m sorry.
Lawrence Talbot: [he holds her hand] Thank you. [Dies]
The posse and an injured inspector arrive just as Laurence dies.
So that is The Wolfman. Now do I think it is as good as the original? HECK NO! But that does not mean it isn’t an awesome film. Besides that one thing that majorly irks me, I really enjoyed it. I thought it was a pretty awesome film. The cinematography is beautiful, the acting incredible, and those transformation scenes? Freakin’ awesome! And I did like how they moved the story to show how harshly “mental disabled” people were treated. And you know what? Most of the people who were in those didn’tr even have serious problems. They would throw in the homeless, those with learning disabilities, women of large fortune who had husands that wanted the money but not the girl, etc. It was horrible. Horrible.
But back to the film, I think it is a worthwile view. It may not be exactly how I imagined it, but you do have some great werewolves in this, and no Jacob ones. Real werewolves.
And so ends another Horrorfest. I am so pleased with this years as I was able to redeem myself from last year’s only half the month’s posts. 31 days of terror and woe once again. I hope you all enjoyed it. I wish you all a very happy, and safe, Halloween. May it be everything you wish it to be.
For the previous post, go to The Perfect Murder
For more on werewolves, go to Werewolves Roam Among Us
For more monster movies, go to There’s Nothing Out There. Nothing in the Mist
For more on 19th century England, go to The Past of a Man
For more on insane asylum, go to I Bid You Welcome
For more remakes, go to Don’t F*** With the Original
Tagged 19th Century, 19th Century England, Actor, Adore, Agent Smith, Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman, Angry Mob, Anthony Hopkins, Antique Shop, Art Malik, Autumn Moon, Backstory, Batman, Bear, Beast, Bedlam, Ben Talbot, Benicio del Toro, Beware the Moon, Bitten by a Werewolf, Black Cowl, Blood, Bloodletting, Blunder, Body Count, Bones, Bookends, Boyfriend, Brother's Fiancé, Burial, Butcher, Captain America: The First Avenger, Chair with Restraints, Children of the Corn, Cinematography, Classic Blunder, Classic Cinema, Classic Horror Film, Closure, Confused, Crypt., Cures, Daddy Issues, Dancing Bear, Date, Dead Brother, Dead Fiancé, Dead Mother, Dean Winchester, Dipping the Patient in Ice-Cold Water, Discovered the Dead Body, Disease, Diseases, Dr. Hoennegar, Dracula (1931), Dreams, Electrotherapy, Elrond, Emily Blunt, Emotionless, England, Equilibrium, Estate, Family Crypt, Father Murdered Mother, February, Film Review, First Son, Friday the 13th (1980), Front Row, Full Moon, Funeral, Gentleman, Good-bye, Gossip, Grief, Grizzly Bear, Groundsman, Guts, Gwen Conliffe, Gypsies, Gypsy, Gypsy Camp, Gypsy Charm, Gypsy Woman, Gyrating Chair, Halloween, Halloween (1978), Halloween Night, Hamlet, Happy Halloween, Homage, Horrorfest, Horrorfest II, Horrorfest III, House of Lords, Hugo Weaving, Humanizes the Character, Hunted Now the Hunter, Hunter, Hurt Puppy Dog Look. Sad, India, Insane, Insane Asylum, Inspector Abberline, Iron Collars, Iron Cuffs, Jack the Ripper, July, Kill the Monster, Knowledge, Laura (1944), Lawrence Talbot, Letter, Lobotomy, Lon Chaney Jr., London, Lord of the Rings, Love, Lycanthropy, Mac, Macbeth, Major Chink in the Armor, Make Up, Maleva, Mental Institution, Metropolis (1927), Millennials, Mob, Modern Horror Films, Monster, Monster Film Hero, Monster Movie, Monster Movies, Moon-Filled, Moonlight, Moonstruck, Mortuary, Murder, Murdered, Murderer, Mythology, Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), Nightmare on Elm Street (2010), Not What He Wants Him To Be, Nurse Back to Health, Observation, October, Older Brother, Opening NIght, Original, Period Piece, Photography, Photography Class, Price of Admission, Protective Charms, Pub, Rebel, Rebellion, Red Skull, Remake, Remakes, Returns Home, Revolutionized, Richard III, Robot, Running, Sacrifices Self, Saying Good-bye, Scream (1996), Scream 2, Scream Sequel, Shake Blood, Shakespeare, Shakespearean Actor, Silver, Silver Bullet, Silver Bullets, Singh, Single, Sir, Sir John Talbot, Sir Lawrence, Slaughter, Slaughterhouse, Sole Heir, Spanned Remakes, Spanned Sequels, Special Effects, Strange Dreams, Superhuman, Supernatural, Suspect, Take Care of Him, Talbot Castle, Tearful Good-Bye, Technique, The Matrix, The Moves, The Mummy (1932), The Phantom of the Opera (1925), The Wolf Man, The Wolf Man (1941), The Wolfman, The Wolfman (2010), The Women (1939), Tickets, Time of Death, Torture, Torture Chamber, Tortured, Trailer, Transformation, Transforms During the Full Moon, Transforms into a Werewolf, Traumatized, V, V for Vendetta, Valentine's Day, Vigilante, Village, Vizzini, Ward off the Monster, Werewolf, Werewolf Attacks, Werewolf Bite, Werewolf Fight, Werewolfism, Who's Afraid of Cory Wolf?, Wisdom, Wolf Men, Wolfman, Woods
What Have We Done to Each Other?: Gone Girl (2014)
What are you thinking? What are you feeling? What have we done to each other? What will we do?
So I am just stating here and now that I will not reveal the end of this movie. It is a great piece of work, with an amazing twist that you must see or read (the book) for yourself. Since it is still out in theaters I do not want to ruin anything for the potential viewer. That being said:
So the book this film is based on came out in 2012 and I was really intrigued by it. I added it to my to-read list and planned on getting around to it. But you readers know how that is.
So yeah, I hadn’t gotten around to it. However, that all changed this summer. I told you in a previous post that I journeyed out to Wyoming for an internship. There wasn’t a lot to do in the town, and the other interns and I mostly hung out on the weekends. We talked about what there was to do, which was mostly reading or netflixing. (I don’t have netflix so I Amazon Instant Watch or putlocker things). Anyways, one of the interns, Gwen, hadn’t brought anything with her and was asking about where to purchase books. I had brought my kindle and was fine (until it broke). I told her the library was out as I had found out to get a card I would have to pay $20.
Then I remembered! There was a bookstore in town called “The Newstand“. But shortly after we arrived it went out of business.
Yep. I think the only place left in town you could to get books were the Walgreens or the Walmart. They had two thrift stores in town, one was only clothes, the other furniture. It was very different from anyplace I’d lived before.
Anyways, so one week Gwen starts talking about this book she just bought (I don’t know where. Now that I think about it, I’m not sure I ever asked her.) She told us it was Gone Girl. Immediately I was intrigued as I had really wanted to borrow it. I asked for the book and finished it in one day. It was that good.
The book is a mystery/suspense/horror. The way it is told is really interesting as it goes back and forth between the present and the past. In the present Nick Dunne’s is trying to figure out and cope with his wife Amy’s disappearance. The past is revealed to us through Amy’s journal, as she details the everything prior to her disappearance. It was an interesting book as it has the same unsettling qualities as Catcher in the Rye or Alias Grace. In Catcher in the Rye, the main character, Holden Caulfield, admits to the reader that he is a liar, leaving one unsure of what in the book is real, and what is a child’s fantasy. Margaret Atwood, author of Alias Grace, does a similar thing in her novel. There are no quotations marks put around the dialogue, leaving the reader very uncertain as to what was said and what was only in the character’s minds. Just like Holden, Grace Marks leaves us wondering if she is really telling the truth?
Gone Girl isn’t exactly written that way, but it does have some similarities. With Nick, he is described as being somewhat of an a***hole (his word not mine) and having a face that makes himself always look as if he is lying. He is too good looking and charming that you don’t want to trust him (the characters joke that his chin causes you to not trust him.) As you read his accounts you start wondering if there is more than he is telling the reader. You feel as if he is hiding something from you, even though it is told in first person. It makes you wonder what is he hiding? What are his secrets?
And then you have Amy. Everything we hear is from what she wrote in a journal. But is it the truth? After all a journal is where you release your emotions. Sometimes you exaggerate or write things down that you would never do, just because it helps destress you. As I mentioned before it is a release. Besides that you don’t write everything down in a journal. After all, that is a lot of work. Most of the time you write down the things that made you upset or happy; never giving the whole picture but a moment. Just a moment. It’s selective in memory. So that begs the question: how much of it can we take as fact? How much is fiction?
So one day I was at the movie theater watching Expendables III. The film finished and I contemplated sneaking in to see another film, but unfortunately the theater I was at was very small (four screens) and the ticket seller and I had had an actual conversation, so he would remember me. Along with that, my “California-ness” showed very strongly as everyone told that I looked very “different” from Wyoming girls.
Yeah I don’t understand it either
So instead I called a cab for a ride home and waited around until it came. As I was waiting, I started watching the screen that showed trailers for upcoming films. I saw one for The Equalizer, but it didn’t really strike me as a “must-see”. After that the trailer for Gone Girl came up.
I didn’t even know that they were turning the book into a film!!! Fantastic!!! Then I saw the cast list. As you know from an earlier post, I love Ben Affleck. I knew he would be a perfect Nick. Rosamund Pike was great as Jane in Pride and Prejudice (2005) and I was interested to see how she would do this role. I thought Neil Patrick Harris was a great choice as Amy’s ex, as everything I have ever seen him in he has conquered. The only thing I was unsure about was Tyler Perry. But to be honest, any time I see him not playing Madea, it’s a little strange. Anyways, I became excited for the film and couldn’t wait to see it.
And as I mentioned before it was pretty incredible.
Take note Hollywood
What was great about the film was that they followed the book pretty consistently. There are a few changes, but not enough to make you want to string up the director by his thumbs. On a whole the changes didn’t really hurt the film at all. I thought it was amazing how they handled the flashbacks, narrations, and journal entries. I would definitely read the book along with the movie as it has more detail and little things that can’t transfer over to film. I do give one warning though. If you want to be surprised DO NOT READ THE BOOK. The book has this amazing twist, about halfway through, and a killer end. It was a great shock when you read it, but not so much the second time encountering it on the screen. I mean you already know it, so while the rest of the audience is oohing and ahhing over it, you’re just chilling there thinking, knew it.
So if you truly, truly want to be surprised. I would wait to read the book until after seeing the film.
So I’m just going to do a partial review, as I really, really don’t want to spoil too much for anybody.
Nick Dunne
It is the day of the Dunne’s five-year anniversary. And Nick is not very happy.
You see life hasn’t been a bed of roses for the Dunnes. Nick is from a little town; North Carthage, Missouri. He went to college and moved to New York, and began writing for a magazine. He met Amy at a party and the two later married…but bliss did not last long. He lost his job due to downsizing as the economy tanked. His father is crazy and in a home where he constantly escapes from. And his mother was diagnosed with breast cancer. Immediately, hearing the news of his mother, he and Amy move back to his hometown much to her displeasure.
Now the relationship was already strained, but after moving to Missouri it becomes much worse. Amy is a New Yorker born and bred and doesn’t do well with places that are not New York.
That particular morning, Nick heads over to the bar that he bought with his twin sister Margot, and the two contemplate what would be a good anniversary present. 5 years is wood, “and there’s nothing good from that.” When Nick heads home, he receives the biggest shock of his life.
His house is a mess and his wife is missing.
He can’t find her and doesn’t know where she might be. He calls the police and later, her parents. They team up and begin commercials, signs, news reports, trying to find Amy. Ben Affleck did an amazing job at this role.
But some people don’t think that he’s quite so innocent. Some suspect he might have killed her. Things become espechially sticky when they discover the broken in area was staged, and a lot of blood was spilled and then cleaned up afterwards. Did he have something to do with his wife’s disappearance? Did he kill her? Is he innocent? If he is innocent, than what happened to her? Where can she be?
We are first introduced to Amy through her journal. Amy is the daughter of authors. Her parents wrote the best-selling series called Amazing Amy. Their main character is perfect and excels at every hobby. Especially things that Amy has failed at. Amy resents the books, but they have made her famous and a major spot in the limelight.
Amy is beautiful, charming, witty, etc. The “perfect” woman.
She writes personality quizzes for magazines for a living. I know some of you out there might think that’s a bit strange, but let’s face it…she has a major trust fund. She meets Nick at a “writer” party one night, and after that the two are hooked. They get married and have a few great years, but things start going downhill once Nick loses his job. He becomes someone that she doesn’t know.
She hates Missouri. Nick thrives, but it makes her feel like she is choking. Then things in the marriage start to get even worse…Or does it? Is Nick really as cruel as Amy paints him? Or are the writings in the journal just the exaggerations of an unhappy, displaced person?
Did Amy leave by her own choice? Or was she taken by force? But most importantly, where is Amy?
The supporting characters are just as great as Affleck and Pike. Carrie Coon is perfect as Margot as she is really able to capture twin sister needling brother, and being supremely protective of him. Kim Dickens is an amazing Detective Rhonda Boney, the homicide officer assigned to the case. She seems all midwestern, laid-back, easygoing, charm; but she has a real brain in her head and is highly observant. Neil Patrick Harris steals scenes, as he plays Desi Collings, Amy’s ex and possible kidnapper. And then we have Tyler Perry, rounding out the cast as Tanner Bolt. I never would have picked him for the part as he is radically different, but he does a great job as being one of those shark lawyers after the big-name cases.
And is has an awesome twist that I will not reveal as you all should definitely watch/read for yourself.
Where is Amy? What Happened to Her? Visit Your Local Theater to Find Out.
For the previous post, go to There’s Nothing Out There. Nothing in the Mist
For more on Ben Affleck, go to What is This Thing?
For more on films based on books, go to You’re Gonna Need a Bigger Boat
For more twist endings, go to Don’t F*** With the Original
For more book-filled posts, go to I Was Here For A Moment. And Then I Was Gone
For more of my favorite quotes, go to Part X: The Movie List That Would Not Die
Posted in Book Lover, Horrorfest III, Quotable Quotes
Tagged 1-855-4-Amy-Tips, Addicted to Buying Books, Admits Being a Liar, Ahh, Alias Grace, Amazing Amy, Amazon Instant watch, Amy Dunne, Anniversary, Author, Authors, Bar, Beautiful, Becomes Someone Else, Bed of Roses, Ben Affleck, Best-Selling Book Series, Big Reveal, Bliss, Blood, Book Buyer, Book Series, Bookstore, Borrow Book, Boy Meets World, Breast Cancer, Cab, Cab Ride, California, California-ness, Cancer, Carnival of Souls, Carrie Coon, Catcher in the Rye, Charming, Child's Fantasy, Chillin', Chin, Closed Down, Clothes, College, Commercial, Commercials, Conversation, Crazy Father, Crime Scene, Dean Winchester, Desi Collings, Destress, Detective Rhonda Boney, Diagnosed, Diagnosed with Cancer, Dialogue, Director, Disappearance, Don't Hate Me Because I'm Beautiful, Don't Trust Him, Downsize, Easygoing, Economy, Economy Tanked, Emotions, End of the Film, Ex-Boyfriend, Exaggerate, Excels at Everything, Excited, Expendables III, Expresses Emotions, Fact, Famous, Fantasy, Feeling, Feelings, Few Changes, Fiction, Fifth Anniversary, Film based on a book, Film Review, First Person, Flashback, Flashbacks, Followed the Book, Furniture, Gone Girl, Good-Looking, Grace Marks, Gwen the Intern, Happy, HIde From Someone, Hiding, Hiding Something, Hobby, Holden Caulfield, Hollywood, Hometown, Homicide, Homicide Detective, Horror-Mystery, Horror-Suspense, House a Mess, How I Met Your Mother, How Much Fact, How Much Fiction, Hurt the Film, I'm So Excited, Innocent, Interns, Internship, Jane Bennet, Journal, Journal Entries, Journal Entry, Killed Women, Killer, Killer Ending, Kim Dickens, Kindle, Laid-Back, Leave Hometown, Lemony Snicket, Liar, Library, Library Card, Limelight, Lying, Madea, Magazine, Margaret Atwood, Margot Dunne, Married, Mess, Midwestern, Missing, Missouri, Moment, Moment in Time, Move HOme, Moved, Movie Theater, Movie Theaters, Must-See, Mystery, Narration, Narrations, Neil Patrick Harris, Netflixing, New York, New York City, New Yorker, News Report, Next Chapter, Nick Dunne, North Carthage Missouri, Not Happy, Novel, Ooh, Out of Business, Party, Past, Perfect, Perfect Woman, Personality Quizzes, Pile of To-Read, Police, Police Case, Police Force, Police Headquarters, Police Investigate, Police Officer, Present, Pride & Prejudice (2005), Purchase Books, Putlocker, Quotations, Read in a Day, Read the Book, Reading, Relax, Release Emotions, Resent, resentment, Reveal, Rosamund Pike, Screen, Secrets, Selective, Selective Memory, Shock, Sign, Signs, Sneaking into Another Theater, Spilled Blood, Staged Scene, Strung Up By Thumbs, Summer, Super Excited, Supernatural, Suspense, Tanked Economy, Tanner Bolt, Team Up, Ted Moseby, That's how it's done, The Equalizer, The Newstand, The Suspense is Killing Me, Thinking, Thinks He Killed Someone, Thrift Store, Thumbs, Ticket Seller, To-Read List, Told in First Person, Trailer, Trust Fund, Twin, Twin Sister, Twins, Twist End, Twist Ending, Tyler Perry, Upcoming Films, Upset, Walgreens, Walmart, Warning, Wedding Anniversary, Weekend, Weekends, What Are You Feeling, What Are You Thinking, What is Real, Wife's Missing, Witty, Won't Reveal End, Wood, Write, Write a Journal, Write for a Magazine, Writing, Wyoming
There’s Nothing Out There. Nothing in the Mist: The Mist (2007)
David, there’s nothing out there. Nothing in the mist.
So The Mist was an okay movie. I thought it was doing really good and totally creepy until the end. The end was totally screwed up as the director had to go and change the story. What a loser!
So this is based on a story by Stephen King. And I know y’all know that a Horrorfest would not be complete without one. It is also not a complete rip-off of The Fog (the new or old film), as everyone thinks it is. There are quite a lot similarities, but they are extremely different in the motive and what the “monster” that is attacking is. In the different versions of The Fog, the creatures are it is supernatural, while in The Mist…well, you’ll see.
So the film starts the day after a huge thunderstorm has hit a little town (of course) in Maine (the usual). A thick, unnatural mist starts to descend on the town, and at first they don’t realize that something far more sinister is lurking within it.
So, that day David Drayton (Thomas Jane), a graphic artist, decides to go to the local grocery store to buy supplies, bringing his eight-year-old son, Billy (Nathan Gamble), and his neighbor, Brent Norton (Andre Braugher) along. You know, just a normal average day.
So while they are at the store, another storm comes and hits the the town. This time it severely engulfs the area in a thick mist. (Whenever I bike to work early in the morning I always think about this movie and The Fog.)
They do notice something very strange. It seems as if there is a plethora of military roaming about the area.
That’s strange
When they get to the supermarket, they find it packed with people stocking up. A military policeman, goes after the soldiers in the supermarket, telling them to pack it up as their leave is over and they need to head out. Everything is normal until a local townsperson runs into the store covered in blood.
He begins screaming that there is something out there in the mist, killing and attacking people. People go to look out the windows to see what is out there, but the mist is so thick that they are unable to spot anything.
Several people rush, out and everyone hears their screams…then nothing.
The decide to seal the doors in order to keep “everything” out. One woman is worried about her children and decides to risk trying to go home. She asks for someone to accompany her, but no one volunteers.
She leaves and we never see her again.
So as you can guess, just like Night of the Living Dead, this film becomes more of a survivor story/deconstruction of humanity than an actual monster movie. You have a group of people trying to survive in a confinied area and while some rise to the challenge, others do not. This film has all the usual Stephen King clichés, like an deeply religious psychotic person who wants to kill/punish all who tries to control every one.
It couldn’t be a Stephen King film without it.
At one point the group tries to go check on their clogged generator. A couple men go to open the loading dock door to see what the issue is when large tentacles come reaching out and kill them.
This is just the beginning in monster attacks, as they face giant insect, pterodactyl -like creatures, and many more.
In a raid for medicine vis-à-vis The Day After Tomorrow, they run into the military supervisor from earlier hanging from a gigantic spider web. He tells them to question the men in the store for the true backstory of the mist.
In the end it turns out that military are to blame as they opened a portal to another world.
Yes. In an ending as disappointing as Indiana Jones and the Crystal Skull aliens just leaving. (Although the worse is yet to come.)
Eventually the section of the group that is run by the psychotic women, has increased that it outnumbers the other group lead by David. As she tries to get Billy to be a sacrificed, David’s team decides to leave, risking the unknown.
They are able to score a car and the group drive as far as the SUV will take them. They take stock of their options and decide it is better to end their lives, rather than be torn apart by whatever the things are. David shoots everybody in the car, including his son. Right before he turns the gun on himself, a military tank comes charging through proclaiming that they have defeated the monsters.
Yes. Yes. He has just killed his child and everyone when he didn’t need to.
Now I could forgive everything else. The stupid plotholes, the crazy clichés, the other dimension monsters, ANYTHING; but that ending? Really? Really? It’s just dumb.
Did you guys have to that? It is so horrible! First of all as he murdered his child when he didn’t need to. And secondly, it is extremely anti-climatic! I mean come on, it would have been so much better if they just had them driving off, no one knowing what will happen to them or whether they will survive. You know, like how it ended in the book?!
Yep you guys really messed up there.
See Hook agrees with me.
For the previous post, go to The Past of a Man
For more films based on books, go to You’re Gonna Need a Bigger Boat
For more quotes, go to Part X: The Movie List That Would Not Die
Posted in Horrorfest III, Quotable Quotes
Tagged Aliens, Alternate Dimension, Andre Braugher, Anti-Climatic, Attack, Attacking, Average Day, Backstory, Bike, Billy, Blood, Book Better Than Film, Book Slappers, Brent Norton, Car, Change Story, Commits Suicide, Covered in Blood, David Drayton, Deconstruction of Humanity, Despair, Director, Don't Know What Went Wrong, Downton Abbey, Drive Off, End Lives, Film based on a book, Film Director, Fog, Generator, Giant, Giant Insects, Graphic Artist, Grocery Store, Gun, Hanging, Horrorfest, Huge Storm, Human Sacrifices, Indiana Jones and the Crystal Skull, Insects, Issue, Killer Insects, Killing, Leave, Leave Over, Loading Dock, Maine, Medicine, Military, Military Policeman, Military Supervisor, Mist, Monster, Monster Movie, Motive, Murder, Murdered Child, Mystery, Nathan Gamble, Never Seen Again, Night of the Living Dead, Not Natural, On Leave, Other Dimensions, Plothole, Policeman, Portal to Another World, Pterodactyl, Raid, Risk, Sacrifice, Sacrifices, Sacrificing, Sacrifies, Sam Winchester, Score, Scream, Screaming, Seal the Doors, Sinister, Small Town, Soldiers, Something Out There, Spider, Spider Web, Steal a Car, Stephen King, Stephen King Film, Stephen King Usual, Stocking Up, Suicide, Supermarket, Supernatural, Supernatural Beings, Supplies, Survivor, Survivor Story, SUV, Tank, Tentacles, The Day After Tomorrow, The Fog (1980), The Fog (2005), The Mist, Thomas Jane, Thunderstorm, Too Thick, Truth, Unknown, Unnatural, Web
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deal. There are hundreds to choose from with their own
If you're really serious about experiencing this country, you'll find America's best barbecue in Austin, Texas. Or will you find it in Kansas City, Kansas? How about Memphis, Tennessee or Chapel Hill, North Carolina? And speaking of American institutions: Should you see the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.; San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge; New York's Statue of Liberty; St. Louis' Gateway Arch; or Mount Rushmore in the Black Hills of South Dakota?
Many of these budget airlines have their own airline rewards credit cards, and most of them offer a major signup points bonus. For example, the Southwest Rapid Rewards Plus card from Chase offers 40,000 points after spending just $1,000 in your first three months. However, a general travel rewards credit card such as the Chase Sapphire Preferred is the best option for most people, as you have the flexibility to redeem your points towards a wide variety of airlines and hotels. You'll receive 60,000 bonus points worth $750 through the Chase Ultimate Rewards program after you spend $4,000 in the first 3 months of your account opening, and the card features no foreign transaction fees. Compare this card to other travel cards here.
In fact, many people use their credit card to pay for travel without even knowing that doing so may entitle them to travel benefits. Perks which you may be entitled to when you use your credit card to pay, like medical evacuation coverage (The Platinum Card® from American Express, a GET.com advertiser) which can cover the cost of transporting you home in case of a medical emergency, airline credit towards incidental costs and even towards airfare, discounts at hotels and restaurants (Visa, Mastercard and American Express offer these, and your bank may offer more).
Airline search engines have made it really easy to search the entire world to find the cheapest ticket — you no longer have to search manually. While Kayak offers the “Explore” tool that allows you to put in your home airport and see a map of the world with all the flights on it, Google Flights also has a similar – and better – tool to use. If you are flexible with where you want to go (i.e., anywhere but home), use this tool to figure out where to go:
have very close relationships with certain airlines. They
a higher priced hotel room and airline tickets.
Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York and Washington DC are just a few reasons to book flights to the United States. Attractions such as the Statue of Liberty, the U.S. Capitol and the White House are national icons that attract visitors from all corners of the United States and beyond. The sunshine states of California, Florida and Hawaii also draw thousands of fun-seeking vacationers to book flights to the United States every year. The celebrity-studded streets of Beverly Hills, Hollywood, and Universal Studios attract travelers year-round and family-fun happens every day at Walt Disney World.
Where Kiwi.com really shines is the way in which it mixes and matches airlines in order to find the cheapest price. For example, maybe you want to go to Rome, Italy from Washington, USA. A typical flight search engine will only suggest routes coming from a single airline and its partners. An example search on Expedia shows the cheapest route as $631.20 USD via TAP Portugal.
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Moleculin Files with FDA for Expedited Approval Pathway for Annamycin
Download as PDF March 13, 2019
HOUSTON, TX / ACCESSWIRE / March 13, 2019 / Moleculin Biotech, Inc., (NASDAQ: MBRX) ("Moleculin" or the "Company"), a clinical stage pharmaceutical company with a broad portfolio of drug candidates targeting highly resistant tumors, today announced that it has submitted a request for Fast Track Designation with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its drug, Annamycin, for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
"Now that we have some traction in our clinical trials of Annamycin for the treatment of relapsed or refractory AML," commented Walter Klemp, Moleculin's Chairman and CEO, "we believe it is appropriate to request Fast Track designation for Annamycin. Importantly, this is a valuable first step in ultimately qualifying for Accelerated Approval and Priority Review."
A drug that receives Fast Track designation is eligible for some or all of the following:
More frequent meetings with FDA to discuss the drug's development plan and ensure collection of appropriate data needed to support drug approval
More frequent written communication from FDA about such things as the design of the proposed clinical trials and use of biomarkers
Eligibility for Accelerated Approval and Priority Review, if relevant criteria are met
Rolling Review, which means that a drug company can submit completed sections of its Biologic License Application (BLA) or New Drug Application (NDA) for review by FDA, rather than waiting until every section of the NDA is completed before the entire application can be reviewed. BLA or NDA review usually does not begin until the drug company has submitted the entire application to the FDA
Moleculin Biotech, Inc. is a clinical stage pharmaceutical company focused on the development of a broad portfolio of oncology drug candidates for the treatment of highly resistant tumors. The Company's clinical stage drugs are: Annamycin, a Next Generation Anthracycline, designed to avoid multidrug resistance mechanisms with little to no cardiotoxicity being studied for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia, more commonly referred to as AML, WP1066, an Immune/Transcription Modulator capable of inhibiting p-STAT3 and other oncogenic transcription factors while also stimulating a natural immune response, targeting brain tumors, pancreatic cancer and AML, and WP1220, an analog to WP1066, for the topical treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Moleculin Biotech is also engaged in preclinical development of additional drug candidates, including additional Immune/Transcription Modulators, as well as compounds capable of Metabolism/Glycosylation Inhibition.
Some of the statements in this release are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements in this press release include, without limitation, the ability of Annamycin to receive Fast Track designation, an accelerated approval pathway or ultimate approval from the FDA for Annamycin. Although Moleculin Biotech believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, expectations may prove to have been materially different from the results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Moleculin Biotech has attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including ''believes,'' ''estimates,'' ''anticipates,'' ''expects,'' ''plans,'' ''projects,'' ''intends,'' ''potential,'' ''may,'' ''could,'' ''might,'' ''will,'' ''should,'' ''approximately'' or other words that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including those discussed under Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in our most recently filed Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and updated from time to time in our Form 10-Q filings and in our other public filings with the SEC. Any forward-looking statements contained in this release speak only as of its date. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this release to reflect events or circumstances occurring after its date or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
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DeChambeau to Defend his Title at 2018 John Deere Classic
Bryson DeChambeau, who won his first PGA TOUR title at last year’s John Deere Classic, will be back to defend it the week of July 9-15.
DeChambeau holed a clutch 14-foot putt on the 18th hole to shoot a 6-under par 65 in the final round, including a 30 on the back nine, to win in come-from-behind fashion at TPC Deere Run.
In addition to the winner’s check of more than $1 million, the victory gave the now-24-year-old native of Modesto, California a two-year exemption for the PGA TOUR, enabling him to play when and where he wants.
DeChambeau has made the most of it.
As of the conclusion of his first Players Championship (May 13) where he finished T-37, DeChambeau had five top 10 finishes and missed only one cut in 14 events in the 2017-’18 wraparound season. They included a solo runner-up at the Arnold Palmer Invitational, a T-3 at the RBC Heritage, and a solo 4th earlier this month at the Wells Fargo. He also finished 38th at the Masters, an invitation to which he earned by winning the John Deere.
As of May 13, DeChambeau ranked 19th in FedExCup points, 40th in the Official World Golf Rankings, and 12th in U.S. Ryder Cup rankings, where the top eight will automatically qualify for the team. He has accumulated $2.6 million in official earnings this season.
“I’m playing well this year,” DeChambeau said. “I’ve had a couple of top-10s. I’ve had a couple of chances to win…It has been a great year so far and I’m looking forward to the rest.”
No stranger to big accomplishments, DeChambeau won both the NCAA individual championship and the U.S. Amateur in 2015, the latter of which took place at Olympia Fields Country Club outside Chicago. In winning both in the same year, he joined the elite company of Jack Nicklaus, Phil Mickelson, Tiger Woods, and 2016 John Deere Classic champion Ryan Moore.
John Deere Classic tournament director Clair Peterson, who gave DeChambeau a sponsor’s exemption in 2015 (before he won the Amateur), can’t wait to have him back.
“For a while now, Bryson DeChambeau has been on track to be one of the best players in the world,” Peterson said. “He proved it with his outstanding amateur record and again at the 2017 John Deere Classic. Since winning here, Bryson has gained confidence and his career has really taken off.”
Some regard the analytical physics major from Southern Methodist University as an iconoclast.
Like his hero, the late Payne Stewart – also an SMU golf alum – DeChambeau wears a
Ben Hogan-style cap, an homage to “The Hawk,” who popularized technical analysis of the golf swing back in the late 1950s.
So devoted to Stewart’s memory is DeChambeau that he burst into tears when he learned during the Deere trophy presentation that Stewart’s first Tour victory also came in the Quad Cities.
DeChambeau is an independent thinker and innovator who moves to the beat of his own drummer. In a departure from golf’s longstanding equipment conventions, he uses irons all of which are the same length as his 7-iron, his favorite club, at 37 ½ inches. He believes it adds consistency to his game.
He also was influenced by the controversial book The Golfing Machine in which author Homer Kelley used the principles of physics to explain the golf swing. From there DeChambeau developed his “one-plane” swing theory and ultimately decided on his own to use one-length irons. His equipment company, Cobra, is now marketing them to consumers.
Working outside the norms of golf equipment protocol is working for DeChambeau, who’s bursting with confidence these days.
“I know my game is good enough to be with the elites in the game,” he said. “I'm not there yet. I know that. But I certainly am moving in the right direction, figuring a lot of great things out that's helping me on the golf course.”
What do the statistics say?
DeChambeau ranks 10th on Tour in both Eagles and Birdies, as of May 13. He’s 22nd in Scoring Average at 70.204, a number has been trending lower. He’s 28th in Greens in Regulation at 69 percent and 30th in Driving Distance at 303.9 yards on measured tee shots.
“At every stage it’s always taken me a couple of years to get comfortable,” said DeChambeau, who spent a year on the Web.com Tour. “And I’m finally starting to get a little comfortable out here.
“My golf swing and putting is solidified. It’s about getting better here and there. That’s what I’m doing.”
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Rooted in Social Movements
Judy REBICK, 1 October 2002
There have always been common issues between the left in Quebec and the left in English Canada, but that commonality ended when we arrived at electoral politics. Most of the left in Quebec supported the Parti Quebecois, and in English Canada the left was divided between those who supported the New Democratic Party and those who turned their back on electoral politics.
The national question has always been a dividing point. When sovereignty was a central political issue for the Quebec left, there was little common ground. During the era of Rene Levesque, the left in English Canada, with the notable exception of the NDP, supported Quebec’s right to self-determination. But as the PQ moved to the right and Quebec supported Mulroney and free trade, hostility towards Quebec nationalism in English Canada, including on the left deepened the divide.
We still worked together - against the Free Trade Agreement, on the World March of Women and on the Quebec Summit - but tensions were pretty high. Now I sense a new opportunity to bridge the divide.
For one thing, we are starting to grapple with the same political problems. At the Alternatives retreat this summer and at the Colloque organized in September by the Chair of socio-economic studies at UQAM, the issue of the relationship between the social and political came to the fore in Quebec.
With the PQ in deep crisis and the dramatic rise of the ADQ, the issue of political action and the left has become a central issue. In English Canada too, many groups are trying to grapple with this issue. While the majority of activists are still content to focus their energies on building social movements, there are an increasing number asking how they can go beyond protest.
The New Politics Initiative, which I helped to found, posed these questions with some fanfare last summer. The NPI said that we need a new kind of political party on the left, one that is rooted in social movements and practices a new kind of participatory democracy. We felt that the time had come for a bold left political initiative.
With neo-liberalism unable to deliver the benefits it had promised, the NPI believed a new party with a bold alternative platform that campaigned with social movements inside and outside Parliament and focused on involving ordinary citizens in politics could have an enormous impact.
We believed that the best way for this to happen was to convinced the NDP to initiate the formation of such a party, one with the support of two sitting NDP MPs, Libby Davies and Svend Robinson, we organized a challenge to the NDP at its last convention in Winnipeg. With few resources and no staff, the NPI managed to win 40% of the delegates to a resolution that called on the NDP to actively explore the formation of a new party.
But the resistance to the idea inside the NDP was not as great as the resistance we met in the social movements. Despite defeat after defeat for the left in English Canada over the last ten years, leaders in various social movements were unwilling to re-consider their relationship with a political party. The autonomy of social movements from any political party has become an inviolable principle.
Yet the most successful left-wing political party in the world at the moment, the Workers Party in Brazil shows us a different model of a party rooted in social movements that are at the same time independent from the party. What that means is that most party members are also members of social movements and bring their issues into the party. During elections, the social movements mobilize for the party that shares their values and platform but at the same time they maintain their independence and are critical of the party when it falls short of their expectations.
In order to make this work, we have to divide support from loyalty. We have adopted the idea that supporters of a party who publicly criticize it are disloyal. This is nonsense. Sometimes the best way to support a party is to criticize it when it is doing something wrong. And certainly social movements can be critical of a political party and still mobilize to support it during elections.
Nevertheless, it is not a one-way street. If a party, like the PQ I would argue, is embracing a neo-liberal agenda and betraying its social roots, the time has come to cut ties. I think that time is coming with the NDP as well, not so much because of its betrayals, although there have been many, as because of its inability to adapt to the new realities of creating alternatives to globalized neo-liberalism.
The NPI will discuss these issues among others at its upcoming conference in Ottawa on October 18,19 and 20th. You can find out more from http://www.newpolitics.ca
The author is also the publisher of rabble.ca.
Vol. 7 No. 2
Meera KARUNANANTHAN, 4 October 2002
Examining Canada’s Left
In over 20 years of involvement in Canadian politics, Svend Robinson, New Democratic Party (...)
France-Isabelle LANGLOIS, 3 October 2002
A People Punished on Account of a Dictator
On September 11th, 2001, close to 3 000 Americans died in the terrible attack on the World (...)
Isabelle OUELLET, 2 October 2002
Hands off my Education!
By proposing to hold a pan-american strike against the Free Trade Area for Americas (FTAA) on (...)
ALTERNATIVES, 1 October 2002
OneWorld Canada
Alternatives recently helped launch the Canadian edition of OneWorld, the largest civil-society (...)
There have always been common issues between the left in Quebec and the left in English Canada, (...)
David BERNANS, 1 October 2002
"Imagine a higher education system where institutions are ranked not by the quality of (...)
Judy REBICK
Israël est un État d’apartheid et c’est pourquoi il est en perte de légitimité
Avant même que la sixième semaine contre l’apartheid Israélien ait lancé ses activités, les membres (...)
Protests and the Global City
One-Way Traffic. Over the last months in Toronto and Montreal, we have experienced the global (...)
Manifestations et village global
Au cours des derniers mois, à Toronto et à Montréal nous avons fait l’expérience du village global (...)
Jewish Opposition to Israel
Part of the global outrage against the Israeli assault on Gaza has been a much stronger voice (...)
L’opposition juive à l’attaque contre Gaza
Parmi les voix qui s’élèvent contre l’assaut israélien de Gaza, il y a celles, bien fortes, de Juifs (...)
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Meet My Main Character: Leova, a Medieval Mom
Posted by Kim Rendfeld in Books, Writing
Meet My Main Character, The Ashes of Heaven's Pillar
In the latest game of tag for historical fiction authors on the blogosphere, we introduce the main character of our work in progress or soon to be published novel. Of course, I just had to introduce the heroine of The Ashes of Heaven’s Pillar. My thanks to Tinney Heath, author of A Thing Done, winner of a much-deserved Sharp Writ Book Award, for tagging me.
1) What is the name of your character? Is he/she fictional or a historic person?
My main character is Leova, a pagan Continental Saxon peasant and mother of two, Deorlaf, age 12, and Sunwynn, age 9. They are products of my imagination, but the story is set against historic events.
2) When and where is the story set?
It’s set in the 770s, the earlier years of Charlemagne’s reign, when he was merely Charles, king of the Franks. The story starts in Eresburg, Saxony, (today’s Obermarsberg, Germany) and moves to several locations in Francia, including Nevers and Le Mans in today’s France. In the course of the story, Leova and her son go to Paderborn, only a three-day journey by foot to Eresburg, but then return to Francia. You’ll need to read the book to find out why.
3) What should we know about him/her?
Leova is an ordinary woman but not a typical heroine. She is a peasant, not royalty or even an aristocrat. At 28, she looks good for her age but is not a blooming maiden. Disease and the possibility of bad harvests make conditions for medieval peasants tough by our standards, yet at the beginning of the novel, Leova considers her life good, with a loving, faithful husband, two healthy children, a small farm, and a freedom she takes for granted.
4) What is the main conflict? What messes up his/her life?
War and betrayal. In 772, Charles’s Franks invade Saxony, conquer Eresburg, and destroy the Irminsul, a pillar sacred to the Saxons, all historic events. With the defeat of the Saxons, Leova loses her husband, her faith, and her home. When the relatives obliged to protect her instead sell her and her children into slavery, she even loses her freedom. All she has left are her children.
5) What is the personal goal of the character?
Leova will protect her children at any cost, even her own honor and safety, and she wants justice against the relatives who betrayed her.
6) Is there a working title for this novel, and can we read more about it?
It’s The Ashes of Heaven’s Pillar, and oh yes, can you read more. Visit kimrendfeld.com for an excerpt and the first chapter.
Thanks for visiting. I have tagged five authors to follow me; they will post about their main characters about a week from now:
D.M. Denton, author of A House Near Luccoli
Elizabeth Caulfield Felt, author of Syncopation: A Memoir of Adele Hugo
Susan Keogh, author of the Jack Mallory Chronicles
Jessica Knauss, author of Seven Noble Knights and the Providence Trilogy
Susan Spann, author of the Shinobi Mysteries
How ‘Beowulf’ Influenced My Novel a Millenium Later
Posted by Kim Rendfeld in Poetry, Writing
Beowulf, Continental Saxons, historical research, literature, medieval, Middle Ages, pagan religion, Saxons, The Ashes of Heaven's Pillar
When I decided that the protagonists of my second novel would be a family of Continental Saxons, I turned to Beowulf as a source, even though I had no intention of including any mention of the poem, its characters, or its plot.
Why? I needed something that showed Saxon culture, and there is little written source material from that time. The Church had done everything it could to obliterate the pagan religion in Saxony, and the Continental Saxons did not have a written language as we know it.
But we have Beowulf, created sometime between the seventh and 10th centuries by an anonymous poet of a similar ethnicity. And what a gift it is to a historical novelist. Because of the poem, I understood my characters’ deep desire to avenge the wrong done to them was not only personal but cultural. I understood that even though they agreed to be baptized, the influence of pagan beliefs would linger.
But Beowulf’s creator might have drawn on more than his own culture. See my post at English Historical Fiction Authors for my speculation about the epic’s origin.
From Jean Lang’s A Book of Myths, 1915
Widukind: Hero or Villain?
Charlemagne, Germany, Historical Fiction, medieval, Middle Ages, Saxons, The Ashes of Heaven's Pillar, The Cross and the Dragon, Westphalian Saxons, Widukind
Whether Widukind, leader of eighth century Westphalian Saxons in today’s Germany, was a freedom fighter depends on whose side you’re on.
To a people conquered by foreigners and shaken down for tithes following a new religion they did not understand, Widukind must have been a hero. To the Franks, he was a villain who always got away, only to come back and rouse the Saxons to again forsake their baptismal vows and loyalty oaths, burn churches, and slaughter indiscriminately.
Who’s right? For a novelist, it depends on which character is telling the story. My Franks in The Cross and the Dragon and my work-in-progress want him dead. My Saxons in The Ashes of Heaven’s Pillar cheer when he escapes.
See today’s post on Unusual Historicals for more about Widukind and the complexities of the history, especially when seen through medieval eyes.
Detail of statue in Herford, Germany. (Image via Wikimedia Commons used under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.)
Mme Lavoisier: Partner in Science, Partner in Life
Posted by Kim Rendfeld in History, History of Science
17th century, 18th century, Chemistry, Count Rumford, Marie Anne Pierrette Paulze Lavoisier de Rumford
In this installment, physics professor (and my dad) Dean Zollman take a side trip from the history of atom theory to introduce us to Marie Lavoisier de Rumford, who was married to two scientists in her life. One saw her as an important partner in his career; the other didn’t. And the attitudes of each man might have affected his marriage. – Kim
By Dean Zollman
This month, I will take a slight detour to describe two rather colorful people in the history of science – Marie Anne Pierrette Paulze Lavoisier de Rumford (1758-1836) and Benjamin Thompson, also known as Count Rumford (1753-1814). Both of them contributed to progress in science during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, although neither was instrumental in our understanding of the nature of matter. However, their stories make for some interesting tales.
Marie Anne Pierrette Paulze was the only daughter of an aristocrat, Jacques Paulze, who derived his income as a partner in Ferme Générale, which collected taxes for the French royalty. When she was 12 years old Count d’Amerval, a 50-year-old relative of a friend of her father’s boss, proposed to marry her. The count was rather poor and saw the young Marie as a way to financial security. Marie did not take well to the idea, so her father needed a way out. However, he feared that a straightforward refusal could cost him his lucrative job. The solution was to have Marie marry another partner in Ferme Générale, Antoine Lavoisier. So at the age of 13, Marie became the wife of a 28-year-old man who was to become the father of modern chemistry.
Educated in a convent, she was a bright young woman who quickly began to take an interest in her husband’s scientific endeavors. In 1777, Jean Baptiste Bucquet, one of Antoine’s collaborators, began to tutor Marie in chemistry. She also learned English during the same time period. The combination of English and chemistry became important to the progress of science.
Sharing Knowledge and Commentary
1788 Portrait of Antoine-Laurent and Marie-Anne Lavoisier by Jacques-Louis David
During this period, one of the important questions of science was what happens when an object burns. A dominant theory of the time involved a hypothesized substance, phlogiston. While phlogiston had not been isolated or measured in any way, the prevailing theory stated that it was released whenever any substance burned. This phlogiston was transferred to the surrounding air. One of the reasons that objects could not be completely burned in a closed container was that the air which was trapped inside the container became completely phlogisticated and could not absorb any more, so the fire went out.
Richard Kirwan, a British chemist, had written “Essay on Phlogiston,” an extensive description of this theory. Antoine Lavoisier was not fluent in English, so Marie translated the essay into French. However, she did much more than simply covert the words into a different language. Her translations contains notes such as, “There is in these kinds of experiences a cause of errors that seems to have escaped Mr. Kirwan.” She goes on to describe the possibility of an interaction in which water and carbonic acid escapes. She also notes about one experiment that it was conducted with a carbonate of ammonia rather than pure ammonia. In 1788, the French edition of Kirwan’s essay with notes by Mme Lavoisier was published in Paris.
The Lavoisier laboratory was one of several that measured an increase in mass when some substances burned. Thus, the idea that phlogiston was given off and took mass with it during burning was debunked. It was replaced with a concept that heat was transferred by a massless substance, called caloric, which moved from hot objects to cold ones as their temperature changed. Antoine Lavoisier was an early proponent of this theory and collected data of heat change during chemical reactions to support the theory. (Later, caloric would go the same way as phlogiston.)
Marie Lavoisier translated other scientific papers, some of which appeared in French journals. She was also an accomplished artist. She once painted a portrait of Benjamin Franklin, the most well known America scientist of that day. The portrait has been lost, but her etchings of equipment and activities in the Lavoisier chemistry laboratory survive. Her 13 plates, produced in Antoine’s Elementary Treatise on Chemistry, show remarkable detail of the equipment in an 18th century chemistry lab. Some other drawings show experiments under way. My favorite is “Lavoisier in his laboratory: Experiments on respiration of a man at rest.” It shows the laboratory arrangement and includes a self-portrait of Mme Lavoisier to one side as she draws the experiment.
Unfortunately we do not know the full nature of the Lavoisiers’ collaboration. The values of the 18th century did not make it easy for a woman to receive proper credit for working with her husband.
After Antoine Lavoisier’s execution, Marie worked to protect and extend his reputation as a chemist. She prepared a two-volume set of his Memoirs. In a preface, she condemned six men that she felt could have come to her husband’s aid during his imprisonment. The condemnation was “scathing,” so no publisher would print the book. However, in 1803 she printed it privately and distributed copies. Two years later, the preface was removed, and the book published again.
While he was in prison, Antoine had written to Marie, “I have always enjoyed a happy life. You have made it so and continue to do so by all the signs of affection you show me.”
The Consequences of Isolation
Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford
In 1801, Marie met the man who would become her second husband, Benjamin Thompson, born and raised in Massachusetts. He opposed the American Revolution, spied for the British, and eventually abandoned his family to move behind British lines. During the war, he conducted experiments on the force of gun powder. Near the end of the war, he moved to London and later to Munich. He became a count of the Holy Roman Empire in 1791 and took the name Rumford after the township in which he lived in America. By that time, he was a well known scientist.
Although some biographers have used words like scoundrel to describe him, Count Rumford’s personality did not stop him from making some important scientific and technological discoveries. He conducted many experiments and became particularly interested in the transfer of heat. In one famous observation, he noted that the amount of heat that was generated in the boring of a canon was so great that it would melt the canon if not dissipated. This observation and others led him to propose alternatives to Lavoisier’s caloric theory. (Rumford’s views on heat also would not survive into the 20th century.)
Shortly after he met Marie Lavoisier, Rumford wrote is his diary that she was “one of the cleverest women ever known and uncommonly well informed.” Their courtship was somewhat complex. Rumford was a British citizen who spent much of his time in Munich. Being British during the reign of Napoleon meant that Rumford was not welcome in France. However, after they took an extended trip in 1803 to Bavaria and Switzerland, Marie Lavoisier did convince the French government to allow Rumford to stay in France. Even then there were lots of bureaucratic barriers to their marriage, but they were finally married in 1805.
Problems with the marriage started to become apparent very quickly. Unfortunately, very little of Marie’s side of the story has survived while his side is preserved in letters to his daughter. One issue that was probably important was that Rumford mostly worked alone. This was quite different from the way Marie and Antoine Lavoisier worked as a team. Also they were quite different socially. Marie was outgoing and liked to be involved in a variety of social gathering. He, on the other hand, was somewhat isolationist both in science and social activities.
A couple of quotes exemplify the relationship. Mme Lavoisier de Rumford stated the count “would make me very happy if he would but keep quiet,” while he said in a letter to his daughter, “In character and natural propensities, Madame Rumford and myself are totally unlike.”
A story which Count Rumford wrote to his daughter on the second anniversary of the marriage conveys the depth of the problem.
“A large party had been invited [that] I neither liked nor approved of, and invited for the sole purpose of vexing me. Our house being in the centre of the garden, walled around, with iron gates, I put on my hat, walked down to the porter’s lodge and gave him orders, on his peril, not to let anyone in. Besides, I took away the keys. Madame went down, and when the company arrived she talked with them, she on one side, they on the other, of the high brick wall. After that she goes and pours boiling water on some of my beautiful flowers.”
The count frequently took refuge in his laboratory. Eventually, he set up a lab separate from their home so that he could be isolated from the woman that he had sometimes referred to as the “dragon.” So while Mme Lavoisier de Rumford did not assist the count directly in his scientific endeavors, she may have encouraged his work by giving him a reason to stay in the lab by himself.
The unhappy couple separated in 1809. Not much information survives about Marie Lavoisier after her marriage to Count Rumford. She apparently was still active in Parisian social life and took an active role in some charitable work. She died at the age of 78 in 1836.
I hope that you found this detour interesting. Next time we will return to early 19th century chemistry, which continues to be important in the development of ideas about the structure of matter.
Images via Wikimedia Commons, public domain
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Does Atom Theory Apply to the Earthly and the Divine?
A Duchess Inspired by Atoms
Separating Atoms from Atheism
Isaac Newton: 300 Years Ahead of His Time
Issac Newton and the Philosopher’s Stone
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Redefining Elements
Dean Zollman is university distinguished professor of physics at Kansas State University where he has been a faculty member for more than 40 years. During his career he has received four major awards — the American Association of Physics Teachers’ Oersted Medal (2014), the National Science Foundation Director’s Award for Distinguished Teacher Scholars (2004), the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Doctoral University Professor of the Year (1996), and AAPT’s Robert A. Millikan Medal (1995). His present research concentrates on the teaching and learning of physics and on science teacher preparation.
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Context & Strategy
Alquimia: Feminist Popular Education School
Mural of Ancestors
Solidarity & Action: Women Defenders
Amplifying Women's Voices
UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders Visits Honduras
Submitted on: 09/29/2016
Laura Carlsen
In late August the UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders, Michel Forst, visited Central American countries to hear directly from defenders about the challenges and risks they face and review the situation of impunity. With the spread of organized crime and government corruption, the region has experienced increasing incursions on lands, natural resources and public goods. This has had a profound impact on the standard of living and the exercise of basic rights, and particularly on those who defend those rights and find themselves targeted.
JASS and our Honduran partners took the opportunity to speak out to an international audience about the human rights crisis in the country, discuss the needs of Honduran women human rights defenders (WHRDs), and profile their courageous work in the country. The challenge was to convey the specific risks and roles of defenders in a critical context and raise awareness of the needs of women defenders.
The Rapporteur’s academic visit to Honduras featured a public event on impunity and closed regional and national forums. For JASS and our partners, these events provided spaces to share information, build alliances and develop an outward-looking communications program in English and Spanish.
At the regional forum, Daysi Flores, Honduras Country Coordinator, presented a new in-depth study done by JASS and its partners on the need for a gender focus in protective mechanisms, with case studies of Mexico and Honduras. In the photo below, Daysi delivers the report to the Special Rapporteur.
Preparation began well before the Rapporteur touched down in the country on Aug. 25. This month JASS Mesoamerica produced the Spanish-language report “Gender Focus in the Protection of Women Human Rights Defenders: Experiences in Mexico and Honduras”, written with the Center for Justice and Internation al Law (CEJIL) and Protection International. The report reviews the progress and shortcomings of governmental protection mechanisms especially for WHRD and evaluates the experience of civil society efforts, including the WHRD national and regional networks we’ve been part of building in the region. It offers recommendations for creating more empowering and effective forms of protection for women defenders.
The report is part of re-thinking and re-envisioning protection from the point of view of women defenders. Daysi notes, “We can’t expect mechanisms to respond to the needs of women if women aren’t included in developing those mechanisms and actions that have to do with their protection.” She adds that defenders must be considered subjects not objects in protection programs, and that militarized models with guards and weapons are not effective in the long run. The report concludes that real protection must include the whole society, by building an understanding of and appreciation for the value of the work of rights defenders.
“Protection of women defenders must be based on recognizing their existence, but also their contribution to creating better societies,” a participant in the forum emphasized. This is especially challenging in the case of women human rights defenders due to the often undervalued and invisible aspects of the work they do on a daily basis.
JASS and our partners presented observations based on firsthand experience in the public event organized by the Honduran Coalition Against Impunity, of which JASS is a member. The Coalition event provided an assessment of the human rights crisis in the country focused on the problem of lack of justice. The Rapporteur noted that impunity was “a huge obstacle to access to justice and an impediment to their (HRD) work.”
Many participants pointed out that, as we saw in the case of Berta Cáceres, in addition to failing to prosecute crimes against defenders, governments are also going after them in the courts. Marcia Aguiluz of CEJIL noted, “Criminalization is one of the obstacles most used by governments to limit the right to defend rights.”
JASS also joined with partners to testify at the regional and national forums with the Rapporteur on the risks to WHRD and the impunity that blocks efforts to eradicate corruption and complicity. Based on years of work in the region, we presented a gender focus on the defense of human rights that brought women’s voices and needs to the forefront of the discussion. The objective, amply fulfilled, was to build awareness and knowledge of the challenges to WHRD within the United Nations Special Rapporteur’s office and among other human rights and social movement organizations.
We also aimed to use the Rapporteur’s visit to reach a larger audience regarding the dangers and challenges to Honduran women human rights defenders. Our communications strategy focused on social networks, developing and posting three profiles of defenders, three Facebook memes on women’s defense of land and territory and two infographics, along with phrases and moments from the meetings. The goal was to communicate with our JASS community in order to consolidate and share our work, and with the general public to get out the message of the crisis and the grassroots efforts of women to confront it. Our press release emphasizing the human rights crisis in the region and the need for a gender focus in protection was picked up by dozens of news outlets.
WHRDs Profiles
JASS work is fueled by the amazing women we work with every day. Profiles of women human rights defenders inspire others by example and help protect defenders through increased recognition. JASS’ profiles of our partners, are also a labor of love. For coverage of the Rapporteur’s Honduras visit, we chose three women who are key to the struggle for women’s rights and land rights in Honduras: Liliam Lopez, Ada Osorio and Miriam Miranda.
Liliam Lopez is a leader of the Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras (COPINH). She graduated from JASS’ Alquimia Feminist Leadership School and works in community radio, finances and women’s organization among the Lenca people. Liliam continues the work begun by Berta Caceres, the Lenca leader assassinated last March.
Ada Inés Osorio is a leader of the Association of Miskita Indigenous Women “Mairen India Miskitu Asla Takanka”. She also formed part of the Alquimia School and has led women in defending indigenous land and territory and the environment on Honduras’ Atlantic Coast.
Miriam Miranda is leader of the Black Fraternal Organization of Honduras (OFRANEH). She has successfully led the Garifuna people of eastern Honduras in landmark cases of defense of land, culture and resources.
We distributed the profiles on Facebook and Twitter, where they quickly spread across the web through postings on JASS pages, personal pages and the pages of partner organizations, in English and Spanish. The personal profiles were accompanied each day by issue profiles on 1) the assassination of Berta Caceres and impunity, 2) building grassroots democracy to reduce risks and 3) the need for a gender perspective to protect women defenders of land and territory.
Working together between JASS’ Mesoamerica and Honduras offices, we also made two infographics that provided basic data on a gender focus for protection of human rights defenders: 11 documented assassinations of Honduran WHRD since 2012, 318 attacks in a context of impunity.
The second focused on women defenders of land and territory: Six rural/indigenous women defenders murdered; 1,700 charged with crimes in 15 departments; 86% of women are landless and 70% of land concentrated in the hands of only 3% of the population. The combination of simple drawings and hard facts tells the story at a glance.
Confronting the Crisis
In a news release from UN Special Rapporteur Forst and the Inter-American Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders, José de Jesus Orozco Henríquez, the experts deemed Honduras “one of the most hostile and dangerous countries for human rights defenders”. They urged the government to “immediately adopt and apply effective measures to protect human rights defenders, so they can carry out their human rights work, without fear or threat of violence or murder.”
Their statement concludes, “Violence and attacks against human rights defenders not only affect the basic guarantees owed to every individual. They also undermine the fundamental role that human rights defenders play in building a society that is more equal, just and democratic.”
No society can be fair and equal without gender justice and Honduran WHRD have made great strides in their organizations and communities to integrate women’s rights with the struggle for rights to land and territory, and political, cultural and economic rights. But the costs have been, and continue to be, very high. The defenders, men and women, must be recognized and supported in their work.
“For JASS Mesoamerica, alliances between defenders are key to protection,” says Carme Clavel, Regional Director. “We have to guarantee women’s safety and through empowerment we can defend ourselves better alongside our allies. We firmly support feminist leadership training and international advocacy to denounce impunity, criminalization and attacks on women human rights defenders.”
Mesoamerica - Solidarity & Action: Women Defenders
Women human rights defenders
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