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Built to Spill is an American indie rock band based in Boise, Idaho. The band has released eight full-length albums. Their most recent, Untethered Moon, was released on April 21, 2015.
Built to Spill at Treefort Music Fest 2016
Boise, Idaho, U.S.
Warner Bros., Up, ATP Recordings
Treepeople, The Halo Benders, Caustic Resin, Butterfly Train, Helvetia
www.builttospill.com
Doug Martsch
Ralf Youtz
Andy Capps
Brett Netson
Scott Plouf
Jim Roth
Steve Gere
Jason Albertini
Former Treepeople guitarist/vocalist Doug Martsch formed Built to Spill in 1992 with Brett Netson and Ralf Youtz as the band's original members. In an interview with Spin, Martsch stated that he intended to change the band's lineup for every album, himself being the only permanent member. After the band's first album, Ultimate Alternative Wavers, was released in 1993, Netson and Youtz were replaced by Brett Nelson and Andy Capps for 1994's There's Nothing Wrong with Love. A compilation album called The Normal Years followed, which included recordings by both lineups. Built to Spill Caustic Resin, an EP that features Martsch with the members of Caustic Resin, was released in 1996. Between recording albums in 1995, the band gained exposure by playing on the Lollapalooza tour. Also in 1995, the band collaborated on the song "Still Flat" for the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Bothered, produced by the Red Hot Organization.
Martsch signed Built to Spill to Warner Bros. Records in 1995. Unlike many artists signed to major labels, the deal the band brokered with Warner Bros. allowed it to retain a large degree of creative control over future albums. Built to Spill produced its first major label release in 1997 with Perfect from Now On. By this time, the band consisted of Martsch, Nelson, Netson, and Scott Plouf. Perfect from Now On was met with critical success and caused Built to Spill to become one of the United States' most recognizable indie rock bands. Before releasing another album, Martsch made Nelson and Plouf permanent members of the band. In 1999, the band released Keep It Like a Secret to continued critical success and for the first time, significant commercial success. Live was released in 2000, and the band's fifth studio album, Ancient Melodies of the Future, was released in 2001.
In 2002, Martsch released Now You Know, a solo album with both blues and folk elements. He performed numerous solo concerts in support of the album. Built to Spill was on hiatus for most of this period.
Doug Martsch performing with the band at Primavera Sound Festival.
Warner Bros. Records optioned the band for another album.[1] From 2003 to 2005, Built to Spill toured extensively, performing over 150 dates[2] that included new songs from as early as 2004. Its sixth studio album, You in Reverse, was recorded in Portland in 2004 but was not released until April 11, 2006. The band's official lineup for the album was Martsch, Nelson, Plouf, and Jim Roth, who was formerly only a touring guitarist. Brett Netson provided guitar work on several songs and later rejoined the band as a full-time member.
After the release of You in Reverse, Built to Spill continued touring almost non-stop. In March 2006, Martsch suffered a detached retina, which required surgery. This forced the band to miss an appearance at the South by Southwest music festival and postpone several dates of the tour.[3] Even worse news came when former drummer Andy Capps was found dead in his home on May 18, 2006.[4][5]
The band resumed touring on June 3, 2006, with a show that included four new songs. This show and many on the tour included the dedication of the song "Car" to Capps, who had played on the track when it was recorded.[6]
Warner Bros. Records stated that Built to Spill had been recording its follow-up to You in Reverse on and off during the 2006 tour,[7] but nothing appeared until the July 10, 2007, release of a 12" single, "They Got Away"/"Re-Arrange". "They Got Away" is a heavily reggae-influenced original song, while "Re-Arrange" is a cover of a song by the reggae band the Gladiators.
The US tour was scheduled through October 2007, followed by an Australian tour. Martsch stated in a September 2007 interview that he didn't want to tour in the United States again until the band records;[8] however, the band then announced a one-month US national tour for spring of 2008.[9]
In a March 2008 interview with Playback:stl,[10] Martsch spoke of new material from the Halo Benders, a collaboration between Martsch, Calvin Johnson, Steve Fisk, former Treepeople member Wayne "Rhino" Flower, and original Built to Spill drummer Ralf Youtz, but "we started that about a year ago, we have not even got anything off the ground." Later in the interview, Martsch gave his perspective on the future of Built to Spill past the current material; "I do think that Built to Spill could be something better than ever just because our lineup is better than ever ... I think there is potential for the five of us to collaborate on something that is just way better than anything that I have ever come up with by myself or that we have done in the past." Martsch also interjected that "This coming record we're not doing that—it's mostly going to be songs that I have been working on." The band extended its 2008 tour in the United States and Europe, performing the album Perfect from Now On in its entirety.
In 2009, the band announced its next album, There Is No Enemy. The track list and album art were revealed on August 17, 2009, the first single, "Hindsight", was released on September 8, and the album was released on October 6, 2009.[11] The band toured from August through November 2009[12] and for much of 2010, including performances at the Pitchfork Music Festival and the All Tomorrow's Parties festival, curated by Matt Groening.
In July 2010, Martsch appeared on the first release from Brett Nelson's the Electric Anthology Project, in which Nelson creates covers from an artist in a synth-pop style, featuring the vocalist from the original version. This self-titled EP, which featured one song from each Built to Spill record (using anagrams of their original titles) and newly recorded vocals by Doug Martsch, received a moderately favorable review in Pitchfork, even though "it was obviously released as a goof," and the "good moments almost make you wish Martsch had taken this concept more seriously."[13][14]
On October 25, 2012, Built to Spill played a secret, invitation-only show at the Bunk Bar in Portland, Oregon, with a new rhythm section consisting of Jason Albertini (Helvetia, Duster) on bass and Stephen Gere (Uzala, Brett Netson Band, Atomic Mama) on drums.[15] On January 7, 2013, Martsch, Netson and guitarist Jim Roth announced that Albertini and Gere would be permanent replacements for Plouf and Nelson, who were departing the band amicably.[16] Built to Spill continued touring periodically as a five-piece but didn't release another album for several years. Marsch would later state that a 2012 album was abandoned due to the departure of Nelson and Plouf and his dissatisfaction with the songs.[17]
Untethered Moon was released on April 18, 2015. The album was recorded as a trio with Martsch, Albertini, and Gere and was co-produced by Martsch and frequent Built to Spill guest keyboardist and Quasi frontman Sam Coomes. The band toured summer/fall 2015 in support of the new album.[18]
Brett Netson and Jim Roth left the band in the latter half of 2015 and a trio lineup of Martsch, Albertini and Gere debuted on a spring 2016 West Coast run.
On September 14th, 2017 Built to Spill announced on their Facebook page that they were moving on from Warner Brothers and taking over the management of builttospill.com.
DiscographyEdit
Studio albumsEdit
Ultimate Alternative Wavers (1993, C/Z Records)
There's Nothing Wrong with Love (1994, Up Records)
Perfect from Now On (1997, Warner Bros. Records)
Keep It Like a Secret (1999, Warner Bros. Records) No. 120 US
Ancient Melodies of the Future (2001, Warner Bros. Records) No. 94 US
You in Reverse (2006, Warner Bros. Records.) No. 63 US
There Is No Enemy (2009, Warner Bros. Records & ATP Recordings) No. 50 US
Untethered Moon (2015, Warner Bros. Records)
Compilations and live albumsEdit
The Normal Years (K Records, 1996)
Live (Warner Bros., 2000)
Time Trap: 1994–2006 (Warner Bros., 2006) – promo only
EPsEdit
Built to Spill Caustic Resin (Up Records, 1995)
Carry the Zero (Warner Bros., 1999)
Center of the Universe (City Slang Records, 1999)
Sabonis Tracks (Warner Bros., 2001) – promo only
The Electronic Anthology Project (self released, 2010)
"Car" / "Girl" 7" (Atlas Records, 1994)
"Distopian Dream Girl" / "Scarin'" 7" (UP015, Up Records, 1994)
"Joyride" / "Sick and Wrong" 7" (K Records, 1994)
"So and So So and So from Wherever Wherever" / "Terrible/Perfect" 7" (Saturnine Records, 1995)
"Car" / "Scarin" (City Slang Records, 1995)
"By the Way" split 7" (K Records, 1999) – cover of a song by pre-Marine Research band, Heavenly. Marine Research covers Built to Spill's "Sick and Wrong" on the flip side
"Carry The Zero" radio promo (Warner Bros., 1999)
"Strange" / "Instrumental No. 2" (Warner Bros., 2001)
"Freebird" (Warner Bros., 2002) – one-track promo CD, recorded live at House of Blues, Los Angeles on November 7, 2001
"Conventional Wisdom" 7" (Warner Bros., 2006) – Song split on two sides
"They Got Away" / "Re-Arrange" (Warner Bros., 2007)
"Don't Try (Live in Seattle)" / "The Source (Live in Seattle)" 7" (Warner Bros, 2008)
"Water Sleepers" / "Linus & Lucy (Live)" 7" (Warner Bros., 2010) – Record Store Day Release
"Ripple" 7" Grateful Dead Cover (Warner Bros., 2011) – Record Store Day Release
"Living Zoo" promo (Warner Bros., 2015)
Appearances on other compilationsEdit
Rotating Tongues (Screemin' Fez Records, 1994) – Song: "Short Cut"
Northwest Post-Grunge (Elemental Records, 1994) – Song: "Terrible/Perfect"
Bite Back: Live at the Crocodile Cafe (PopLlama Records, 1996) – Song: "Allen the Cowboy" (later retitled "Big Dipper")
Spunk Magazine Issue 6 – Song: "Just a Habit" (1997)
Yoyo a Go Go: Another Live Compilation (Yoyo Records, 1998) – Song: "Stop the Show"
Here: A Fort Hazel Magic Compilation (Fort Hazel, 1999) – Song: "The Last Long Song"
Keep Left, Vol. 1: A Benefit for David Barsamian and Alternative Radio (Ace Fu Records, 2000) – Song: "This Is What I Believe"
Idaho Greentracks: A Party Sampler (2004) – Song: "Mr. Crowley"
Awesome Record, Great Songs! Volume One (Williams Street Music Label, LLC, 2008) – Song: "Come Over (feat. Built to Spill)"
Bob Dylan In The 80s: Volume One (ATO Records, 2014) - Song: "Jokerman"[19]
^ "ModernFix – Built to Spill – Interview by Gordon Downs". ModernFix.com. 2008-02-26. Archived from the original on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
^ "Built to Spill – Live Chronology". Bts.23.com. Archived from the original on 2012-09-02. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
^ "Pitchfork – Built to Spill Postpone U.S. Tour, Play B-ball Instead". PitchforkMedia.com. 2008-03-16. Archived from the original on 2008-03-16. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
^ "Death Notices". Newsbank archive. Idaho Statesman. May 25, 2006. Retrieved 2010-09-19. (subscription required)
^ "Former Built To Spill Member Andy Capps Has Died - Music - News - Static Multimedia". StaticmultiMedia.com. Archived from the original on 2010-04-09. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
^ "de.etree.org – Built To Spill 06/03/06". Db.etree.org. 2006-06-03. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
^ "Pitchfork – Built to Spill Working on New Album". PitchforkMedia.com. 2008-12-18. Archived from the original on 2008-12-18. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
^ "LiveDaily – Built to Spill balances albums, shows". LiveDaily.com. 2008-07-20. Archived from the original on 2008-07-20. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
^ "Pitchfork – 2008 tour announcement". PitchforkMedia.com. 2008-12-10. Archived from the original on 2008-12-10. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
^ "Playback:stl – Built To Spill – Unassumingly Successful". Playbackstl.com. 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
^ Built to Spill's Doug Martsch Talks New LP, Pitchfork Media, June 9, 2009.
^ Built to Spill hit the road for headlining U.S. tour in August. Builttospill.com, August 4, 2009. Press release. Retrieved 2010-09-20.
^ Built to Spill remix their own songs. Pop Candy, USA Today. July 30, 2010.
^ Greene, Jayson (August 25, 2010). The Electronic Anthology Project (review). Pitchfork Media.
^ "Review: Built to Spill secret show at Bunk Bar". Oregonian. 26 October 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
^ Deeds, Michael (January 7, 2013). "Built to Spill hits road with band lineup changes" Archived June 29, 2013, at Archive.today (Includes press release). Idaho Statesman.
^ Miasnikov, Cassandra (April 9, 2015). "Built to Spill's New Album Was a Long Time Coming".
^ Welby, Augustus (March 4, 2016). "Built to Spill: Follow the Leader".
^ "Built To Spill – "Jokerman" (Bob Dylan Cover)". Stereogum. 2014-01-22. Retrieved 2014-07-26.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Built to Spill.
Built to Spill's official website
Built to Spill page on Up Records
Doug Martsch interview in Reverb magazine (November 2010)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Built_to_Spill&oldid=906735827"
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Not to be confused with Emma Watson.
Emily Margaret Watson OBE (born 14 January 1967) is an English actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her debut film role as Bess McNeil in Lars von Trier's Breaking the Waves (1996) and for her role as Jacqueline du Pré in Hilary and Jackie (1998), winning the BIFA Award for Best Actress for the latter. She won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for playing Janet Leach in the 2011 ITV television biopic Appropriate Adult.
Watson in 2016
Emily Margaret Watson
(1967-01-14) 14 January 1967 (age 52)
Islington, London, England
Drama Studio London
Jack Waters (m. 1995)
Watson began her career on stage and joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1992. In 2002, she starred in productions of Twelfth Night and Uncle Vanya at the Donmar Warehouse, and was nominated for the 2003 Olivier Award for Best Actress for the latter. Her other films include The Boxer (1997), Angela's Ashes (1999), Gosford Park (2001), Punch-Drunk Love (2002), Red Dragon (2002), The Life and Death of Peter Sellers (2004), Corpse Bride (2005), Miss Potter (2006), Synecdoche, New York (2008), Oranges and Sunshine (2010), War Horse (2011), The Theory of Everything (2014) and Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017).
Watson was born in Islington. Her father, Richard Watson, was an architect, and her mother, Katharine (née Venables), was an English teacher at St David's Girls' School, West London.[1][2] She was brought up as an Anglican.[3] Watson has described her childhood-self as, a Nice middle class English girl ... I'd love to say I was a rebellious teenager but I wasn't.[4]
Watson was educated at St James Independent Schools,[5] in west London, which she has described as 'progressive'.[6] She attended the University of Bristol, where she obtained a BA (1988, English).[1] Following university, she trained at the Drama Studio London. She later received an MA (2003, honorary) from Bristol University.[7]
Theatrical careerEdit
Watson's career began on the stage. Her theatre credits include The Children's Hour (at the Royal National Theatre), Three Sisters, Much Ado About Nothing and The Lady from the Sea. Watson has also worked with the Royal Shakespeare Company in A Jovial Crew, The Taming of the Shrew, All's Well That Ends Well and The Changeling.[8][9] In 2002, she took time off from cinema to play two roles in Sam Mendes' repertory productions of Uncle Vanya and Twelfth Night, first at Mendes' Donmar Warehouse in London and later at the Brooklyn Academy of Music. Her performance was widely acclaimed on both sides of the Atlantic and garnered her an Olivier Award nomination for Uncle Vanya.[10]
Film careerEdit
Film debutEdit
Watson was virtually unknown until director Lars von Trier chose her to star in his controversial[clarification needed] Breaking the Waves (1996) after Helena Bonham Carter dropped out.[11] Watson's performance as Bess McNeill won her the Los Angeles, London and New York Critics' Circle Awards, the US National Society of Film Critics' Award for Best Actress, and an Oscar nomination.[12]
Subsequent careerEdit
Watson at the British Academy Film Awards in the Royal Opera House, February 2007
Watson came to public notice again in another controversial[clarification needed] role, as cellist Jacqueline du Pré in Hilary and Jackie, for which she learned to play the cello in three months,[1] and received another Oscar nomination. She also played a leading role in Cradle Will Rock, a story of a theatre show in the 1930s, directed by Tim Robbins. Though she won the title role of Frank McCourt's mother in the adaptation of his acclaimed memoir, Angela's Ashes, the film underperformed.[13] In 2001, she appeared alongside John Turturro in The Luzhin Defence and in Robert Altman's ensemble piece Gosford Park.[14]
Watson with Adam Sandler, Paul Thomas Anderson and Philip Seymour Hoffman. The 2002 Cannes Film Festival promoting Punch-Drunk Love
The following year, she starred as Reba McClane in the adaptation of Thomas Harris's The Silence of the Lambs prequel, Red Dragon, as the romantic interest of Adam Sandler in Paul Thomas Anderson's Punch-Drunk Love and in the sci-fi action thriller Equilibrium alongside Christian Bale.
In 2004, Watson received a Golden Globe nomination for her role as Peter Sellers's first wife, Anne Howe, in the HBO film The Life and Death of Peter Sellers. 2005 saw Watson starring in four films: Wah-Wah, Richard E. Grant's autobiographical directorial debut; Separate Lies, directed by Gosford Park writer Julian Fellowes; Tim Burton's animated film Corpse Bride, alongside Johnny Depp and Helena Bonham Carter; and John Hillcoat's Australian-set "western", The Proposition.
In 2006, she took a supporting role in Miss Potter, a biographical film of children's author Beatrix Potter from Babe director Chris Noonan, with Ewan McGregor and Renée Zellweger, and also in an adaptation of Thea Beckman's children's novel Crusade in Jeans. In 2007, she appeared in The Water Horse: Legend of the Deep, an adaptation of the Dick King-Smith children's novel about the origin of the Loch Ness Monster.[15][16]
In 2008, Watson starred with Julia Roberts and Carrie-Anne Moss in Fireflies in the Garden,[17] the Lifetime Television movie The Memory Keeper's Daughter (based on the novel with the same name), and in screenwriter Charlie Kaufman's directorial debut, Synecdoche, New York.[18] In 2009 she appeared in the film Cold Souls, from first-time director Sophie Barthes,[19] and Within the Whirlwind, a biographical film of Russian poet and Gulag survivor Evgenia Ginzburg from The Luzhin Defence director Marleen Gorris.[20] Watson considers Ginzburg to be her best recent role; however, the film was not picked up for distribution.[21]
In 2010, she starred in Oranges and Sunshine, a film recounting the true story of children sent into abusive care homes in Australia, directed by Jim Loach, and also the following year (2011) in War Horse, an adaptation of Michael Morpurgo's prizewinning novel, directed by Steven Spielberg. In 2011, she played Janet Leach in the ITV two-part film Appropriate Adult, about serial killer Fred West, for which she won a BAFTA.[1]
In 2014, Watson had supporting roles in The Book Thief, alongside Geoffrey Rush and Sophie Nélisse, and the Oscar-nominated film The Theory of Everything, portraying Jane Wilde, Hawking's mother in law, alongside Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones. In 2015, she had supporting roles in Testament of Youth, alongside Alicia Vikander and Kit Harington, Eduardo Verástegui's Little Boy and A Royal Night Out, in which she portrayed Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. She also received rave reviews[22] for her portrayal of Julie Nicholson in the BBC Drama A Song for Jenny, with experts tipping her to win the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress.
In 2018 she appeared as a nuclear scientist — a composite of several real scientists — in the miniseries Chernobyl.
Watson was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to drama.[23][24][25] In 2017, she starred in the BBC mini-series Apple Tree Yard.[26]
ScriptwritingEdit
In 2007, Mood Indigo, a script written by Watson and her husband, was optioned by Capitol Films. The film is a love story set during the Second World War and concerns a young woman who falls in love with a pilot.[27]
Missed rolesEdit
Director Jean-Pierre Jeunet wrote the character Amélie for Watson to play (Amélie was originally named Emily) but she eventually turned the role down due to difficulties speaking French and a desire not to be away from home.[28] The role made a star of Audrey Tautou. She was also the first choice to play Elizabeth I in Shekhar Kapur's film Elizabeth, the role that won Cate Blanchett an Academy Award nomination.[29]
She is frequently confused with Emma Watson, the actress who plays Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter film series due to closeness in name. She has stated that she does not correct anyone who makes that mistake, as she is "quite flattered that people think I'm 21".[30][31]
CharityEdit
Watson is a supporter of the children's charity the NSPCC. In 2004, she was inducted into the society's hall of fame for spearheading the successful campaign to appoint a Children's Commissioner for England.[32] Receiving her award in the crowded House of Commons, she spoke out against the possibility that the Children's Commissioner become a figurehead with little real power.[33] She is also one of the patrons of the London children's charity Scene & Heard.[34] In April 2018, Watson presented Maternity Worldwide as her chosen charity on the BBC Radio 4 Appeal.[35]
Watson married Jack Waters, whom she had met at the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1995. Their daughter, Juliet, was born in 2005,[citation needed] and their son Dylan in 2009.[21] They live in Greenwich, London.[36][37] Her mother fell ill with encephalitis shortly before filming commenced on Oranges and Sunshine. Watson returned to London but arrived just after her death.[1]
FilmographyEdit
Film and televisionEdit
A Summer Day's Dream
1994 Rosalie Television film
Breaking the Waves
1996 Bess McNeill
1997 Marion
The Mill on the Floss
1997 Maggie Tulliver Television film
1997 Maggie
Hilary and Jackie
1998 Jackie
Cradle Will Rock
1999 Olive Stanton
Angela's Ashes
1999 Angela McCourt
2000 Trixie Zurbo
The Luzhin Defence
2000 Natalia Katkov
2001 Elsie
Punch-Drunk Love
2002 Lena Leonard
2002 Reba McClane
2002 Mary O'Brien
Boo, Zino & the Snurks
2004 Atlanta Voice only
The Life and Death of Peter Sellers
2004 Anne Sellers
Separate Lies
2005 Anne Manning
2005 Ruby Compton
2005 Victoria Everglot Voice only
The Proposition
2005 Martha Stanley
2006 Millie Warne
Crusade in Jeans
2006 Mary Vega
The Water Horse: Legend of the Deep
2007 Anne MacMorrow
Fireflies in the Garden
2008 Jane Lawrence
The Memory Keeper's Daughter
2008 Caroline Gil Television film
2008 Tammy
2009 Claire
Within the Whirlwind
2009 Evgenia Ginzburg
Cemetery Junction
2010 Mrs. Kendrick
2011 Margaret Humphreys
2011 Rose Narracott
2011 Janet Leach
2012 Countess Lydia
Some Girl(s)
2013 Lindsay
2013 Freya
2013 Rosa Hubermann
2013 Lady Mansfield
2014 Beryl Wilde
2014 Mrs. Brittain
2015 Emma Busbee
2015 Queen Elizabeth
2015 Helen Wilton
A Song for Jenny
2015 Julie Nicholson Television film
2015 Her Ladyship Television film
Molly Moon and the Incredible Book of Hypnotism
2015 Miss Trinklebury Film adaptation of the book Molly Moon's Incredible Book of Hypnotism
2017 Yvonne Carmichael TV adaptation of the book Apple Tree Yard
2017 Elsa Einstein
2017 Chief of Staff Fox
2017 Violet Ponting
2017 Marmee TV adaptation of the novel Little Women
2018 Constance Lloyd
2018 Regan Television film
Stalin: Reign of Terror
2018 Eugenia Ginzburg
2019 Ulyana Khomyuk TV Series
TheatreEdit
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School for Mothers and The Mistake (double-bill of one-act plays), White Bear Theatre, London, 1991
All's Well That Ends Well (Royal Shakespeare Company, Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon 1992, later Pit Theatre, London, 1993) as Marianna
The Taming of the Shrew (Royal Shakespeare Company, Barbican Theatre, London, 1993) as Mrs. Ruth Banks-Ellis
The Changeling (Royal Shakespeare Company, Pit Theatre, 1993)
A Jovial Crew (Royal Shakespeare Company, Pit Theatre, 1993) as Amie
The Lady from the Sea (Lyric Hammersmith Theatre, London, 1994) as Hilde Wangel
The Children's Hour (Lyttelton Theatre, London, 1994) as Mary Tilford
Three Sisters (Out of Joint, 1995)
Othello (1996, theatre)
Twelfth Night / Uncle Vanya (Donmar Warehouse, 2002 / BAM, 2003)
RadioEdit
The Wolves of Willoughby Chase (1994, radio)
Wuthering Heights (1995, radio series)
The Glass Piano (2010, radio drama about Princess Alexandra of Bavaria)[38]
Awards and nominationsEdit
1996 Breaking the Waves Bodil Award for Best Actress Won
European Film Award for Best Actress Won
Evening Standard British Film Award for Most Promising Newcomer Won
Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival President Award for Best Actress Won
London Film Critics' Award for Best British Newcomer of the Year Won
Los Angeles Film Critics Association's New Generation Award Won
National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress Won
New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress Won
Robert Award for Best Actress Won
Academy Award for Best Actress Nominated
BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role Nominated
Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress Nominated
Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Most Promising Actress Nominated
Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama Nominated
London Film Critics' Award for Best British Actress of the Year Nominated
Satellite Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama Nominated
1998 Hilary and Jackie British Independent Film Award for Best Actress Won
London Film Critics' Award for Best British Actress of the Year (also for Angela's Ashes) Won
Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Nominated
1999 Cradle Will Rock London Film Critics' Award for Best British Supporting Actress of the Year Nominated
Angela's Ashes London Film Critics' Award for Best British Actress of the Year (also for Hilary and Jackie) Won
IFTA Award for Best Actress Nominated
2000 The Luzhin Defence British Independent Film Award for Best Actress Nominated
2001 Gosford Park Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast Won
Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Cast Won
Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Cast Won
Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture Won
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Won
European Film Awards Audience Award for Best Actress Nominated
Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Cast Nominated
Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Nominated
2002 Punch-Drunk Love Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress Won
MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss (shared with Adam Sandler) Nominated
Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated
Red Dragon Fangoria Chainsaw Award for Best Supporting Actress (2nd place) Won
London Film Critics' Award for Best British Supporting Actress of the Year Won
Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated
Empire Award for Best Actress Nominated
2004 The Life and Death of Peter Sellers Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film Nominated
Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film Nominated
2005 Separate Lies London Film Critics' Award for Best British Actress of the Year Nominated
Wah-Wah British Independent Film Award for Best Actress Nominated
The Proposition IF Award for Best Actress Nominated
London Film Critics' Award for Best British Supporting Actress of the Year Nominated
2008 Synecdoche, New York Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Ensemble Cast Won
Independent Spirit Award's Robert Altman Award Won
2009 Cold Souls Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Ensemble Cast Nominated
2011 Oranges and Sunshine AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role Won
Satellite Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Nominated
Appropriate Adult BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress Won
Golden Nymph for Outstanding Actress in a Miniseries Won
RTS Television Award for Best Actor (Female) Won
Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Movie/Miniseries Actress Nominated
Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Nominated
2013 The Book Thief Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture Drama Nominated
2014 The Theory of Everything Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Nominated
2017 Apple Tree Yard International Emmy Award for Best Performance by an Actress Nominated
2019 Chernobyl Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie Pending
^ a b c d e Kate Kellaway (20 March 2011). "Emily Watson: 'I had to put a lid on my grief… bury it deep down'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
^ Elaine Lipworth (21 February 2014). "Emily Watson - My family values". the Guardian.
^ "Metroactive Movies | Emily Watson". Metroactive.com. 4 December 1996. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
^ James Mottram (25 March 2011). "Emily Watson – A woman of substance who's still making waves". The Independent. London. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
^ "Not a total jumping loony" Catherine Shoard, The Telegraph, 19 January 2003 From The Telegraph Newspaper.
^ Why Are They Famous The Independent newspaper
^ Tyzack, Anna (18 February 2012). "My perfect weekend: Emily Watson". The Daily Telegraph. London.
^ "Emily Watson at Film Bug". Filmbug.com. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
^ "Emily Watson at Film Reference". Filmreference.com. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
^ London Theatre Guide: Paltrow and Watson nominated for Best Actress Olivier Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
^ Transcribed from Sight & Sound Magazine, October 1996 issue. – Translated by Alexander Keiller. "Lars Von Trier (Breaking The Waves)". Industrycentral.net. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
^ IMDB: Awards for Emily Watson
^ "Angela's Ashes". boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
^ "Emily Watson – IVTR". Findarticles.com. 2 June 2009. Archived from the original on 28 June 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
^ "Emily Watson joins Miss Potter and Shantaram". Comingsoon.net. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
^ Black Magic: The Waterhorse Archived 16 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Julia Roberts and Carrie-Anne Moss Plant Fireflies in the Garden". Movieweb.com. 9 February 2007. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
^ "First Synecdoche Pic". joblo.com. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
^ "Watson, Giamatti join ARTE Cinema's 'Souls'". Hollywoodreporter.com. 23 January 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2010. [dead link]
^ "Emily Watson to Star as Russian Dissident Eugenia Ginsburg in Gorris' Within the Whirlwind". Emmanuel Levy. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
^ a b Rees, Jasper (26 March 2011). "Emily Watson: 'I'm a character actor – who gets laid'". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
^ Sam Wollaston (6 July 2015). "A Song for Jenny review – Utterly believable exploration of grief after 7/7". the Guardian.
^ "No. 61092". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 2014. p. N15.
^ 2015 New Year Honours List Archived 2 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine
^ "NY Honours for poppy duo, Joan Collins, and John Hurt". BBC News. 31 December 2014.
^ "Five things to know about Apple Tree Yard". Evening Standard. 22 January 2017.
^ Dawtrey, Adam (24 October 2007). "'Enemies,' 'Ranch' lead Capitol slate". Variety. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
^ "Amelie Director, Jean-Pierre Jeunet – Je Voudrais Une Oscar". Efilmcritic.com. 24 October 2006. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
^ Archerd, Army (18 February 1999). "'Jackie' thesp sez she's no 'Elizabeth'". Variety.com. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
^ Chris Ryan. "Emily Watson, War Horse Star, is Not Emma Watson and has Never Appeared in a Harry Potter movie". moviefone. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
^ Zutter, Natalie (2 January 2012). "Crushable Quotable: People Mistake War Horse's Emily Watson For Harry Potter Star Emma Watson". Crushable. Defy Media. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
^ "NSPCC Hall of Fame 2004: Emily Watson". Nspcc.org.uk. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
^ "Celebrating five years of FULL STOP campaign". nspcc.org.uk. 13 October 2004. Archived from the original on 3 May 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
^ "Scene & Heard – Who We Are". sceneandheard.org. 2010. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
^ "Maternity Worldwide". BBC Radio Four Appeal. 29 April 2018. BBC. Radio 4.
^ Kellaway, Kate (20 March 2011). "I had to put a lid on my grief… bury it deep down". The Guardian.
^ "Emily Watson on acting and family life". scotsman.
^ Writer: Deborah Levy, Contributors: Susie Orbach, Erin Sullivan, Fiona Lecky, Composer & arranger: Chris O'Shaughnessy (24 April 2010). "The Glass Piano". Between the Ears. BBC. Radio 3.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emily Watson.
Emily Watson on IMDb
Premiere Magazine: Emily Watson Q&A and podcast
Emily Watson at the Edinburgh Festival
Emily Watson at Film Bug
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emily_Watson&oldid=906712256"
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A haboob moves across the Llano Estacado toward Yellow House Canyon, near the residential community of Ransom Canyon, Texas (18 June 2009)
A haboob (Arabic: هَبوب, romanized: habūb, lit. 'blasting/drifting') is a type of intense dust storm carried on an atmospheric gravity current, also known as a weather front. Haboobs occur regularly in dry land area regions throughout the world.
During thunderstorm formation, winds move in a direction opposite to the storm's travel, and they move from all directions into the thunderstorm. When the storm collapses and begins to release precipitation, wind directions reverse, gusting outward from the storm and generally gusting the strongest in the direction of the storm's travel.[1][2][3]
When this downdraft of cold air, or downburst, reaches the ground, it blows dry, loose silt and clay (collectively, dust) up from the desert, creating a wall of sediment that precedes the storm cloud. This wall of dust can be up to 100 km (62 mi) wide and several kilometers in elevation. At their strongest, haboob winds often travel at 35–100 km/h (22–62 mph), and they may approach with little or no warning. Often rain does not appear at ground level as it evaporates in the hot, dry air (a phenomenon known as virga). The evaporation cools the rushing air even further and accelerates it. Occasionally, when the rain does persist, it can contain a considerable quantity of dust. Severe cases are called mud storms. Eye and respiratory system protection is advisable for anyone who must be outside during a haboob. Moving to shelter is highly advised during a strong event.
OccurrenceEdit
Middle EastEdit
Haboobs have been observed in the Sahara desert (typically Sudan, where they were named and described), as well as across the Arabian Peninsula, throughout Kuwait, and in the most arid regions of Iraq.[4] Haboob winds in the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Kuwait are frequently created by the collapse of a thunderstorm.
North AfricaEdit
African haboobs result from the northward summer shift of the inter-tropical front into North Africa, bringing moisture from the Gulf of Guinea.
Haboobs in Australia may be frequently associated with cold fronts. The deserts of Central Australia, especially near Alice Springs, are particularly prone to haboobs, with sand and debris reaching several kilometers into the sky and leaving up to 30 centimetres (1 ft) of sand in the haboob's path.
North AmericaEdit
See also: North American Monsoon
As with haboobs in the Middle East, haboob occurrences in North America are often created by the collapse of a thunderstorm. This is a local or mesoscale event, and at times of extreme drought they can originate in agricultural regions. Some of the most famous dust storms of the Dust Bowl and similar conditions later were in fact synoptic scale events typically generated by a strong cold frontal passage, with 14 April 1935, 9–11 May 1934, 19 February 1954, and 11 November 1911 being particularly vivid examples.
The arid and semiarid regions of North America—in fact, any dry region—may experience haboobs. In North America, the most common terms for these events are either dust storm or sandstorm. In the U.S., they frequently occur in the deserts of Arizona, including around the cities of Yuma and Phoenix;[5][6] in New Mexico, including Albuquerque; in eastern California, and in Texas.[7] They also sometimes occur in the Columbia Basin, of Eastern Washington, almost always leading to an impact with the city of Spokane. If the storms are strong enough, they can reach as far east as Post Falls and Moscow, in North Idaho.
MarsEdit
Global dust storms on Mars have been compared to haboobs on Earth.[8]
A haboob closes in on Nyala Airport, Sudan in 2012
Dust Bowl-era haboob approaching Spearman, Texas, US in 1935
Haboob blowing into Ahwatukee, Phoenix, Arizona, US in 2003
A massive haboob is close to enveloping Al Asad Airbase, Iraq, just before nightfall in 2005
A haboob approaches
Taji, Iraq in 2006
A haboob forms ahead of a thunderstorm in Big Spring, TX, June 2019
weather portal
Bora (wind)
Dry thunderstorm
Dust devil
Intertropical Convergence Zone
Khamsin
Mistral (wind)
Outflow boundary
Simoom
^ Farquharson, J. S. (1937). "Haboobs and instability in the sudan". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 63 (271): 393–414. Bibcode:1937QJRMS..63..393F. doi:10.1002/qj.49706327111.
^ Lawson, T. J. (1971). "Haboob Structure at Khartoum". Weather. 26 (3): 105–112. Bibcode:1971Wthr...26..105L. doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1971.tb07402.x.
^ Membery, D. A. (1985). "A Gravity-Wave Haboob?". Weather. 40 (7): 214–221. Bibcode:1985Wthr...40..214M. doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1985.tb06877.x.
^ Sutton, L. J. (1925). "Haboobs". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 51 (213): 25–30. Bibcode:1925QJRMS..51...25S. doi:10.1002/qj.49705121305.
^ Idso, S. B.; Ingram, R. S.; Pritchard, J. M. (1972). "An American Haboob". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 53 (10): 930–935. Bibcode:1972BAMS...53..930I. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1972)053<0930:AAH>2.0.CO;2.
^ Idso, Carolyn W. (1973). "Haboobs in Arizona". Weather. 28 (4): 154–155. Bibcode:1973Wthr...28..154I. doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1973.tb02253.x.
^ Chen, W.; Fryrear, D. W. (2002). "Sedimentary characteristics of a haboob dust storm". Atmospheric Research. 61 (1): 75–85. Bibcode:2002AtmRe..61...75C. doi:10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00092-8.
^ Boyle, R. (2017). "Everything About Mars Is The Worst." FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved 9 March 2017, from https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/everything-about-mars-is-the-worst/
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haboobs.
Haboob Photos @ HikeArizona.COM
Haboobs, Arizona Department of Transportation.
The Bibliography of Aeolian Research
Haboob on Winds of the World
Short Video of the 5 July 2011 Arizona Haboob (Flash Video software or a web browser supporting H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is necessary to see the content) on YouTube
Time-lapse video of the 5 July 2011 Arizona Haboob
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haboob&oldid=901258450"
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Jered David Weaver (born October 4, 1982) is an American former professional baseball starting pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Angels and San Diego Padres. Weaver was drafted in the first round (12th overall) in the 2004 Major League Baseball draft by the Angels out of Long Beach State. He was a three-time All Star, and twice led the American League in wins. He is the younger brother of former pitcher Jeff Weaver.
Weaver with the Angels in 2012
Born: (1982-10-04) October 4, 1982 (age 36)
Northridge, California
May 27, 2006, for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
May 19, 2017, for the San Diego Padres
Win–loss record
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim / Los Angeles Angels (2006–2016)
San Diego Padres (2017)
2× AL wins leader (2012, 2014)
MLB strikeout leader (2010)
Golden Spikes Award (2004)
Dick Howser Trophy (2004)
Pitched a no-hitter on May 2, 2012
Medal record
Men's baseball
Representing the United States
2003 Santo Domingo National team
Early yearsEdit
Weaver grew up in Simi Valley, California, and attended Simi Valley High School.[1]
College careerEdit
Weaver attended college at California State University, Long Beach. Weaver went 37–9 during his baseball career at Long Beach State. In his final season of 2004, he became the top pro pitching prospect in the country, going 15–1, with a 1.62 earned run average (ERA), 213 strikeouts and just 21 walks in 144 innings. After the 2004 season, he won the Golden Spikes Award as the top amateur baseball player in America, the Dick Howser Trophy as the national collegiate baseball player of the year, the Roger Clemens Award as college baseball's top pitcher, and was named starting pitcher on the All-American first team by Baseball America. A 2004 Los Angeles Times called him dominating, describing his pitching as overwhelming "batters with a fastball between 89 and 94 mph, a sharp slider and an improving curveball all thrown with the same three-quarter arm delivery. He also has a fiery streak that is revealed with a fist pump or yell after a strikeout that ends an inning or a long at-bat." The article compared him to 2001 college pitching sensation Mark Prior.[2]
Professional careerEdit
2004 draft and minor leaguesEdit
Weaver was originally speculated to be one of the top three overall draft picks in 2004; however, the bonus demands of his agent, Scott Boras, turned off several teams. On draft day, Baseball America asked "Where In The World Is Jered Weaver Going? That is the $10.5 million question. No team is claiming him as a possible first-round pick, and there's no sense that a club is lying in the weeds on him. He and adviser Scott Boras don't seem to be backing down from a reported desire for Mark Prior money, and he could slide through the entire first round altogether."[3] Weaver was drafted in the 1st round (12th pick overall) by the Angels in the 2004 Major League Baseball Draft. The Angels scouting director Eddie Bane said he did not know until two minutes before the draft that he'd definitely get the opportunity to choose Weaver. Bane told Baseball America about their scouting, "We did our homework. We started when Jered first got to Long Beach. I watched him in intrasquad games back in January. All our guys had seen him. We didn't back off because of reports in the paper. We do our stuff privately. We were prepared if he was there at 12 to take him."[4] However, negotiations did not proceed smoothly. Talks broke down multiple times. Boras and client Weaver held out until the last minutes before the May 2005 deadline, becoming the longest holdout in draft history. Weaver received a $4 million signing bonus, less than the $10.5 million originally sought and also less than a $7–8 million range mentioned in the media just months before signing.[5]
Weaver's ascent to the major leagues was quick. He made his Major League debut on May 27, 2006, a total of just 361 days after signing with the club.[6] He spent just over one month in Single-A before being promoted to Double-A where he would finish 2005 3–3 with a 3.98 ERA. In 2006, Weaver moved up to Triple-A Salt Lake where he dominated hitters. MiLB wrote of Weaver's success, "It's fairly common for prospects to struggle in their first exposure to Triple-A ball, but the 23-year-old Weaver dominated the Pacific Coast League almost immediately, posting a 6–1 record with a 2.10 ERA in 12 games for the Bees."[6] Angels management were impressed enough to call Weaver up when ace Bartolo Colón was on the disabled list.
Los Angeles Angels of AnaheimEdit
2006–2007Edit
He made his MLB debut on May 27, 2006, starting against the Baltimore Orioles. He pitched seven shutout innings, striking out five, and earned the victory. This was followed with three more consecutive victories. Despite his success, when Bartolo Colón returned from the disabled list, Weaver was bumped out of the rotation and sent back down to the minors. He was recalled to the majors on June 30, 2006, when the Angels designated Weaver's brother Jeff for assignment.
Weaver continued his impressive performance, at one point lowering his ERA to 1.12 after six starts. He won his first nine decisions at the start of his major league career, tying the American League record set by Whitey Ford in 1950. Weaver recorded his first loss on August 24, 2006, when he lost to the Boston Red Sox, despite allowing only one earned run in seven innings pitched, a home run to David Ortiz. He finished the season with an 11–2 record and a 2.56 ERA and placed fifth in the American League Rookie of the Year Award voting.[7]
Weaver warming up in the bullpen in 2008.
2008Edit
On June 28, 2008, he and José Arredondo combined to no-hit the Los Angeles Dodgers over eight innings, but still lost the game 1–0. This was only the fourth time in major league history that a no-hit bid was unable to go nine innings because of the home team winning the game, and the first as a combined effort. Because they did not pitch nine innings, it is not officially considered a no-hitter.[8]
Weaver made his first career relief appearance against the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park in Game 3 of the 2008 ALDS. He recorded the win in the bottom of the 12th inning in order to keep the Angels, who previously were down 2–0 in the series, hopes of winning the series alive.
On June 14, 2009, Weaver had his first complete game shutout against the San Diego Padres.
On June 20, 2009, Weaver started for the Angels against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The opposing starter was his older brother Jeff Weaver. This was the first pitching matchup between brothers since 2002 when Andy and Alan Benes matched up and only the 15th such game since 1967.[9] The Dodgers won 6–4, with Jeff getting the win and Jered taking the loss.[10]
Weaver was awarded the inaugural Nick Adenhart Pitcher of the Year award, named after Jered's teammate, for best pitcher on the Angels roster.
Weaver reached a deal with Angels management for a $4.265 million salary for the 2010 season to avoid going into arbitration. During Spring Training, he added a two-seam fastball to his repertoire after instruction from teammates Scot Shields and Joel Piñeiro.[11] After the departure of John Lackey to the Boston Red Sox through free agency, there was some uncertainty over who would assume the role of the club's ace. Many expected that position to be filled by Weaver, who said, "Sure, I'd love to have that role. But I really don't like to think about it. I just try to improve every year, and this year is no exception."[12] Weaver was the Angels' Opening Day starter, beating the Minnesota Twins at Angel Stadium on an ESPN national broadcast.
On July 6, despite not having been initially selected, Weaver was chosen to replace CC Sabathia on the American League roster for the 2010 All-Star Game due to the latter's ineligibility to pitch. He joined Torii Hunter as the only Halos representing the host club for Angel Stadium's third Mid-Summer Classic, though he did not pitch in the game.[13] The All-Star selection was well-deserved, as Weaver posted the best season of his short big league tenure thus far. Weaver was the major league strikeout champion with 233, besting Mariners ace Félix Hernández by a single strikeout. He also posted career-bests in innings pitched (with 224.1), ERA (3.01), and WHIP (1.07). Weaver's success was not reflected in his win-loss record, however, as he went 13–12 due in part to poor run support. Despite the uncertainty over the role earlier in the season, Weaver embraced and ably fulfilled his new responsibility as the team's ace in 2010. He finished 5th in AL Cy Young award voting.[citation needed]
Weaver picked up right where he left off the 2010 season, serving as the Angels' ace along with co-ace Dan Haren. Weaver posted a 6-0 record and a 0.99 ERA in his first six starts, setting a major league record for first pitcher to reach 6 wins by April 25. Weaver struck out a career-high 15 batters on April 10, 2011, in a game against the Toronto Blue Jays. Weaver became the second pitcher in major league history to win his sixth game in just his team's twenty-third game, which tied him with Randy Johnson in 2002.[14]
Through the All-Star break on July 10, Weaver had an 11–4 record and 1.86 ERA in 140.1 innings, complemented by 120 strikeouts, just 31 walks, and a WHIP of 0.91. In July, Weaver's fellow players elected him to his second All-Star Game. On July 11, manager Ron Washington announced that Weaver would start the 2011 All-Star Game for the American League.[15] In his one scoreless inning of work at the All-Star Game, Weaver had one strikeout (Carlos Beltrán), one walk (Matt Kemp) and no hits.
On July 31, in a game against the Detroit Tigers, Weaver gave up a solo home-run to Carlos Guillén who watched the home-run and then stared at Weaver as he flipped his bat, upsetting Weaver. Weaver exchanged words with Guillen as he made his trot around the bags, and the home plate umpire issued warnings to both dugouts. The first pitch to the next batter, Alex Avila, was thrown just over Avila's head. Avila ducked, and Weaver was immediately ejected from the game by home-plate umpire Hunter Wendelstedt, along with Angels Manager Mike Scioscia. Weaver was suspended for six games because of the incident.
In August 2011, Jered Weaver signed an $85 million contract with the Angels for 5 years.[16] Weaver finished the 2011 season with an 18–8 record and a 2.41 earned run average, which was edged out by Justin Verlander's 2.40 for the American League lead and was the lowest ERA by an Angel since Chuck Finley's 2.40 in 1990. He finished 2nd in the AL Cy Young Voting.[citation needed]
Starting off the 2012 season, Weaver pitched a four-hit shutout against Kansas City Royals on April 6. Shortly thereafter, he recorded his first official career no-hitter on May 2 against the Minnesota Twins. Weaver allowed only two baserunners – Chris Parmelee reached on a passed ball after a strikeout in the second inning, and Josh Willingham walked in the seventh, he struck out nine and walked only the one batter. On May 28, Weaver sustained a lower back injury after following through on a pitch and was subsequently placed on the 15-day disabled list.[17] Nearing the end of the season and with the Angels still in contention for a postseason spot, Weaver for the first time in his career won his twentieth game, on September 28 against the Texas Rangers.[18]
Weaver during a game on the road in 2012
On April 7, 2013, Weaver suffered a fractured left elbow following a base hit by Mitch Moreland of the Texas Rangers. Weaver dodged the line drive by Moreland and ended up injuring the elbow as he rolled on the mound. He was placed on the 15-day disabled list the next day after he left the game. He returned on May 29, 2013 against the Los Angeles Dodgers pitching 6 innings with 7 strikeouts.
Weaver finished the 2014 season with a record of 18-9 while having a 3.59 ERA in 213.1 innings pitched.
The 2015 season was a tough one for Weaver as he suffered his first losing season in his career (7-12 in 26 starts) while also registering a then career-high ERA (4.64). Throughout the season, Weaver suffered continued decrease in velocity, clocking in under 86 mph. He led the major leagues in bunt hits allowed, with seven.[19]
Los Angeles AngelsEdit
In his final season before free agency, Weaver continued to struggle with velocity and command, ending with the highest ERA of his career (5.06). He narrowly avoided another losing season, however, going 12-12. He had the lowest ground ball percentage among major league pitchers (28.8%).[20]
San Diego PadresEdit
On February 19, 2017, Weaver signed a one-year, $3 million contract with the San Diego Padres.[21]
Weaver made his debut with the Padres on April 6, giving up four runs in five innings and taking a loss against the Los Angeles Dodgers.[22] He later went on the disabled list with a hip injury. On August 16, Weaver announced his retirement.[23] Weaver made nine starts in his final season, and went 0–5 with a 7.44 ERA and 23 strikeouts in 421⁄3 innings.[24]
Pitching styleEdit
Weaver began his windup standing on the extreme third base side of the pitcher's plate, and strode slightly toward the third base side. This, combined with his 6'7" height and long arms, created a pitch traveling at a sharp angle to home plate, making pitch detection more difficult, especially for right-handed batters.[citation needed]
Weaver's arsenal consisted of six pitches:
Four-seam fastball (84-88 mph)
Two-seam fastball (83-87 mph)
Slider (78-81 mph)
Curveball (67-72 mph)
Changeup (75-80 mph)
Cutter (83-87 mph)
His two-seamer was his most-commonly thrown pitch, especially to left-handed hitters. He used the two-seamer, his curveball, and his changeup to get ahead against left-handers. Weaver typically only threw his slider and four-seamer to lefties when there was a 2-strike count. He also used the changeup with two strikes, but not the curveball. Against right-handers, Weaver used the four-seamer and slider most of the time, and rarely used his curveball. His slider was effective in two-strike counts because of its high tendency to get swings and misses (42% of swings through the first two months of the 2012 season).[25]
On February 9, 2007, he and his brother had their jerseys retired by Simi Valley High School in a basketball game between Royal High School and Simi Valley.[26]
Weaver was the cover athlete of MVP 07: NCAA Baseball, in his college uniform.
Weaver and his girlfriend of nine years, Kristin Travis, got married in November 2011. Both are active supporters of Special Olympics Southern California and Weaver serves as a Sports Ambassador for the organization. On July 5, 2013, Kristin Weaver gave birth to their first child, a son named Aden David Weaver in honor of Jered's late friend and teammate Nick Adenhart. Weaver's wife also gave birth to a daughter in 2014.[27]
While playing for the Angels, Weaver would write the letters "NA" on the back of the pitcher's mound in memoriam of Adenhart.[27]
^ "Jered Weaver Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
^ Stephens, Eric (March 20, 2004). "Absolute Power". latimes.com.
^ Callis, Jim (June 7, 2004). "2004 MLB Draft Blog". baseballamerica.com. Missing or empty |url= (help)
^ Callis, Jim (June 8, 2004). "Bush In Hand Worth Two Boras Clients". Baseball America.
^ Callis, Jim (May 30, 2005). "Weaver, Drew End Record Holdouts". Baseball America.
^ a b Emrich, Robert (September 28, 2009). "Path of the Pros: Jered Weaver: Weaver's meteoric rise was capped by Triple-A dominance". MiLB.com.
^ "Baseball Awards Voting for 2006". Baseball-Reference.com.
^ Peters, Ken. June 28, 2008. "Dodgers Beat Angels Without a Hit". Yahoo! Sports.
^ Brotherly love: Weavers set to match up
^ Dodgers' Weaver wins battle of brothers
^ DiGiovanna, Michael (March 16, 2010). "Angels pitcher Jered Weaver works on his two-seam fastball". LATimes.com.
^ Spencer, Lyle (February 19, 2010). "Leadership role new for Weaver: Lackey's departure leaves spot open atop Angels rotation". MLB.com.
^ Saxon, Mark (July 6, 2010). "Girardi selects Weaver to replace CC". ESPN.com.
^ Weaver 4-hits A's in Angels' 5-0 win – MLB – Yahoo! Sports
^ 2011 All-Star Game: Roy Halladay will counter Jered Weaver as starter – ESPN
^ Saxon, Mark (August 24, 2011). "Jered Weaver bucks agent's advice". ESPN.com. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
^ "Angels ace Weaver to DL with lower-back woes". Foxnews.com. Associated Press. May 30, 2012. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
^ Gonzalez, Alden (September 28, 2012). "Weaver's 20th win keeps Angels in the mix". Mlb.com. Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
^ 2015 Major League Baseball Baserunning/Situ | Baseball-Reference.com
^ Major League Leaderboards » 2016 » Pitchers » Dashboard | FanGraphs Baseball
^ Cassavell, A. J. (February 19, 2017). "Padres ink deal with veteran pitcher Weaver". MLB.com. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
^ Padres vs. Dodgers - Box Score - April 6, 2017 - ESPN
^ "Jered Weaver Announces Retirement". MLB.com. August 16, 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
^ "Jered Weaver Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
^ "Brooks Baseball · Home of the PitchFX Tool – Player Card: Jered Weaver". Brooks Baseball. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
^ Weaver honored tonight at halftime of Simi-Royal clash
^ a b Gonzalez, Alden. "Weaver honors Adenhart with name of son". MLB.com. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jered Weaver.
Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference (Minors)
Jered Weaver Interview at Baseball Digest Daily – August 2005
David Price American League All-Star Game Starting Pitcher
Philip Humber No-hitter pitcher
May 2, 2012 Succeeded by
Johan Santana
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(Redirected from Microbe)
"Microbe" redirects here. For other uses, see Microbe (disambiguation).
A cluster of Escherichia coli bacteria magnified 10,000 times
A microorganism, or microbe,[a] is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells.
The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s, Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax.
Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here.
They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45-billion-year-old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth.[1][2]
Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
History and discoveryEdit
See also: History of biology and Microbiology § History
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first to study microorganisms, using simple microscopes of his own design.
Lazzaro Spallanzani showed that boiling a broth stopped it from decaying.
Ancient precursorsEdit
Vardhmana Mahavira postulated the existence of microscopic creatures in the 6th century BC.
The possible existence of microorganisms was discussed for many centuries before their discovery in the 17th century. By the fifth century BC, the Jains of present-day India postulated the existence of tiny organisms called nigodas.[3] These nigodas are said to be born in clusters; they live everywhere, including the bodies of plants, animals, and people; and their life lasts only for fraction of a second.[4] According to the Jain leader Mahavira, the humans destroy these nigodas on a massive scale, when they eat, breathe, sit and move.[3] Many modern Jains assert that Mahavira's teachings presage the existence of microorganisms as discovered by modern science.[5]
The earliest known idea to indicate the possibility of diseases spreading by yet unseen organisms was that of the Roman scholar Marcus Terentius Varro in a 1st-century BC book titled On Agriculture in which he called the unseen creatures animalcules, and warns against locating a homestead near a swamp:[6]
… and because there are bred certain minute creatures that cannot be seen by the eyes, which float in the air and enter the body through the mouth and nose and they cause serious diseases.[6]
In The Canon of Medicine (1020), Avicenna suggested that tuberculosis and other diseases might be contagious.[7][8]
Early modernEdit
Akshamsaddin (Turkish scientist) mentioned the microbe in his work Maddat ul-Hayat (The Material of Life) about two centuries prior to Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek's discovery through experimentation:
It is incorrect to assume that diseases appear one by one in humans. Disease infects by spreading from one person to another. This infection occurs through seeds that are so small they cannot be seen but are alive.[9][10]
In 1546, Girolamo Fracastoro proposed that epidemic diseases were caused by transferable seedlike entities that could transmit infection by direct or indirect contact, or even without contact over long distances.[11]
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek is considered to be the father of microbiology. He was the first in 1673 to discover, observe, describe, study and conduct scientific experiments with microoorganisms, using simple single-lensed microscopes of his own design.[12][13][14][15] Robert Hooke, a contemporary of Leeuwenhoek, also used microscopy to observe microbial life in the form of the fruiting bodies of moulds. In his 1665 book Micrographia, he made drawings of studies, and he coined the term cell.[16]
Louis Pasteur showed that Spallanzani's findings held even if air could enter through a filter that kept particles out.
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) exposed boiled broths to the air, in vessels that contained a filter to prevent particles from passing through to the growth medium, and also in vessels without a filter, but with air allowed in via a curved tube so dust particles would settle and not come in contact with the broth. By boiling the broth beforehand, Pasteur ensured that no microorganisms survived within the broths at the beginning of his experiment. Nothing grew in the broths in the course of Pasteur's experiment. This meant that the living organisms that grew in such broths came from outside, as spores on dust, rather than spontaneously generated within the broth. Thus, Pasteur refuted the theory of spontaneous generation and supported the germ theory of disease.[17]
Robert Koch showed that microorganisms caused disease.
In 1876, Robert Koch (1843–1910) established that microorganisms can cause disease. He found that the blood of cattle which were infected with anthrax always had large numbers of Bacillus anthracis. Koch found that he could transmit anthrax from one animal to another by taking a small sample of blood from the infected animal and injecting it into a healthy one, and this caused the healthy animal to become sick. He also found that he could grow the bacteria in a nutrient broth, then inject it into a healthy animal, and cause illness. Based on these experiments, he devised criteria for establishing a causal link between a microorganism and a disease and these are now known as Koch's postulates.[18] Although these postulates cannot be applied in all cases, they do retain historical importance to the development of scientific thought and are still being used today.[19]
The discovery of microorganisms such as Euglena that did not fit into either the animal or plant kingdoms, since they were photosynthetic like plants, but motile like animals, led to the naming of a third kingdom in the 1860s. In 1860 John Hogg called this the Protoctista, and in 1866 Ernst Haeckel named it the Protista.[20][21][22]
The work of Pasteur and Koch did not accurately reflect the true diversity of the microbial world because of their exclusive focus on microorganisms having direct medical relevance. It was not until the work of Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky late in the 19th century that the true breadth of microbiology was revealed.[23] Beijerinck made two major contributions to microbiology: the discovery of viruses and the development of enrichment culture techniques.[24] While his work on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus established the basic principles of virology, it was his development of enrichment culturing that had the most immediate impact on microbiology by allowing for the cultivation of a wide range of microbes with wildly different physiologies. Winogradsky was the first to develop the concept of chemolithotrophy and to thereby reveal the essential role played by microorganisms in geochemical processes.[25] He was responsible for the first isolation and description of both nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.[23] French-Canadian microbiologist Felix d'Herelle co-discovered bacteriophages and was one of the earliest applied microbiologists.[26]
Classification and structureEdit
Microorganisms can be found almost anywhere on Earth. Bacteria and archaea are almost always microscopic, while a number of eukaryotes are also microscopic, including most protists, some fungi, as well as some micro-animals and plants. Viruses are generally regarded as not living and therefore not considered as microorganisms, although a subfield of microbiology is virology, the study of viruses.[27][28][29]
EvolutionEdit
Further information: Timeline of evolution and Earliest known life forms
Carl Woese's 1990 phylogenetic tree based on rRNA data shows the domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota. All are microorganisms except some eukaryote groups.
Single-celled microorganisms were the first forms of life to develop on Earth, approximately 3–4 billion years ago.[30][31][32] Further evolution was slow,[33] and for about 3 billion years in the Precambrian eon, (much of the history of life on Earth), all organisms were microorganisms.[34][35] Bacteria, algae and fungi have been identified in amber that is 220 million years old, which shows that the morphology of microorganisms has changed little since the Triassic period.[36] The newly discovered biological role played by nickel, however — especially that brought about by volcanic eruptions from the Siberian Traps — may have accelerated the evolution of methanogens towards the end of the Permian–Triassic extinction event.[37]
Microorganisms tend to have a relatively fast rate of evolution. Most microorganisms can reproduce rapidly, and bacteria are also able to freely exchange genes through conjugation, transformation and transduction, even between widely divergent species.[38] This horizontal gene transfer, coupled with a high mutation rate and other means of transformation, allows microorganisms to swiftly evolve (via natural selection) to survive in new environments and respond to environmental stresses. This rapid evolution is important in medicine, as it has led to the development of multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria, superbugs, that are resistant to antibiotics.[39]
A possible transitional form of microorganism between a prokaryote and a eukaryote was discovered in 2012 by Japanese scientists. Parakaryon myojinensis is a unique microorganism larger than a typical prokaryote, but with nuclear material enclosed in a membrane as in a eukaryote, and the presence of endosymbionts. This is seen to be the first plausible evolutionary form of microorganism, showing a stage of development from the prokaryote to the eukaryote.[40][41]
ArchaeaEdit
Main article: Archaea
Further information: Prokaryote
Archaea are prokaryotic unicellular organisms, and form the first domain of life, in Carl Woese's three-domain system. A prokaryote is defined as having no cell nucleus or other membrane bound-organelle. Archaea share this defining feature with the bacteria with which they were once grouped. In 1990 the microbiologist Woese proposed the three-domain system that divided living things into bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes,[42] and thereby split the prokaryote domain.
Archaea differ from bacteria in both their genetics and biochemistry. For example, while bacterial cell membranes are made from phosphoglycerides with ester bonds, archaean membranes are made of ether lipids.[43] Archaea were originally described as extremophiles living in extreme environments, such as hot springs, but have since been found in all types of habitats.[44] Only now are scientists beginning to realize how common archaea are in the environment, with Crenarchaeota being the most common form of life in the ocean, dominating ecosystems below 150 m in depth.[45][46] These organisms are also common in soil and play a vital role in ammonia oxidation.[47]
The combined domains of archaea and bacteria make up the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on Earth and inhabit practically all environments where the temperature is below +140 °C. They are found in water, soil, air, as the microbiome of an organism, hot springs and even deep beneath the Earth's crust in rocks.[48] The number of prokaryotes is estimated to be around five million trillion trillion, or 5 × 1030, accounting for at least half the biomass on Earth.[49]
The biodiversity of the prokaryotes is unknown, but may be very large. A May 2016 estimate, based on laws of scaling from known numbers of species against the size of organism, gives an estimate of perhaps 1 trillion species on the planet, of which most would be microorganisms. Currently, only one-thousandth of one percent of that total have been described.[50]
BacteriaEdit
Main article: Bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus bacteria magnified about 10,000x
Bacteria like archaea are prokaryotic – unicellular, and having no cell nucleus or other membrane-bound organelle. Bacteria are microscopic, with a few extremely rare exceptions, such as Thiomargarita namibiensis.[51] Bacteria function and reproduce as individual cells, but they can often aggregate in multicellular colonies.[52] Some species such as myxobacteria can aggregate into complex swarming structures, operating as multicellular groups as part of their life cycle,[53] or form clusters in bacterial colonies such as E.coli.
Their genome is usually a circular bacterial chromosome – a single loop of DNA, although they can also harbor small pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids can be transferred between cells through bacterial conjugation. Bacteria have an enclosing cell wall, which provides strength and rigidity to their cells. They reproduce by binary fission or sometimes by budding, but do not undergo meiotic sexual reproduction. However, many bacterial species can transfer DNA between individual cells by a horizontal gene transfer process referred to as natural transformation.[54] Some species form extraordinarily resilient spores, but for bacteria this is a mechanism for survival, not reproduction. Under optimal conditions bacteria can grow extremely rapidly and their numbers can double as quickly as every 20 minutes.[55]
EukaryotesEdit
Main article: Eukaryote
Most living things that are visible to the naked eye in their adult form are eukaryotes, including humans. However, a large number of eukaryotes are also microorganisms. Unlike bacteria and archaea, eukaryotes contain organelles such as the cell nucleus, the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria in their cells. The nucleus is an organelle that houses the DNA that makes up a cell's genome. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) itself is arranged in complex chromosomes.[56] Mitochondria are organelles vital in metabolism as they are the site of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. They evolved from symbiotic bacteria and retain a remnant genome.[57] Like bacteria, plant cells have cell walls, and contain organelles such as chloroplasts in addition to the organelles in other eukaryotes. Chloroplasts produce energy from light by photosynthesis, and were also originally symbiotic bacteria.[57]
Unicellular eukaryotes consist of a single cell throughout their life cycle. This qualification is significant since most multicellular eukaryotes consist of a single cell called a zygote only at the beginning of their life cycles. Microbial eukaryotes can be either haploid or diploid, and some organisms have multiple cell nuclei.[58]
Unicellular eukaryotes usually reproduce asexually by mitosis under favorable conditions. However, under stressful conditions such as nutrient limitations and other conditions associated with DNA damage, they tend to reproduce sexually by meiosis and syngamy.[59]
ProtistsEdit
Main article: Protista
Euglena mutabilis, a photosynthetic flagellate
Of eukaryotic groups, the protists are most commonly unicellular and microscopic. This is a highly diverse group of organisms that are not easy to classify.[60][61] Several algae species are multicellular protists, and slime molds have unique life cycles that involve switching between unicellular, colonial, and multicellular forms.[62] The number of species of protists is unknown since only a small proportion has been identified. Protist diversity is high in oceans, deep sea-vents, river sediment and an acidic river, suggesting that many eukaryotic microbial communities may yet be discovered.[63][64]
FungiEdit
Main article: Fungus
The fungi have several unicellular species, such as baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Some fungi, such as the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, can undergo phenotypic switching and grow as single cells in some environments, and filamentous hyphae in others.[65]
PlantsEdit
Main article: Plant
The green algae are a large group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that include many microscopic organisms. Although some green algae are classified as protists, others such as charophyta are classified with embryophyte plants, which are the most familiar group of land plants. Algae can grow as single cells, or in long chains of cells. The green algae include unicellular and colonial flagellates, usually but not always with two flagella per cell, as well as various colonial, coccoid, and filamentous forms. In the Charales, which are the algae most closely related to higher plants, cells differentiate into several distinct tissues within the organism. There are about 6000 species of green algae.[66]
EcologyEdit
Main article: Microbial ecology
Microorganisms are found in almost every habitat present in nature, including hostile environments such as the North and South poles, deserts, geysers, and rocks. They also include all the marine microorganisms of the oceans and deep sea. Some types of microorganisms have adapted to extreme environments and sustained colonies; these organisms are known as extremophiles. Extremophiles have been isolated from rocks as much as 7 kilometres below the Earth's surface,[67] and it has been suggested that the amount of organisms living below the Earth's surface is comparable with the amount of life on or above the surface.[48] Extremophiles have been known to survive for a prolonged time in a vacuum, and can be highly resistant to radiation, which may even allow them to survive in space.[68] Many types of microorganisms have intimate symbiotic relationships with other larger organisms; some of which are mutually beneficial (mutualism), while others can be damaging to the host organism (parasitism). If microorganisms can cause disease in a host they are known as pathogens and then they are sometimes referred to as microbes. Microorganisms play critical roles in Earth's biogeochemical cycles as they are responsible for decomposition and nitrogen fixation.[69]
Bacteria use regulatory networks that allow them to adapt to almost every environmental niche on earth.[70][71] A network of interactions among diverse types of molecules including DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites, is utilised by the bacteria to achieve regulation of gene expression. In bacteria, the principal function of regulatory networks is to control the response to environmental changes, for example nutritional status and environmental stress.[72] A complex organization of networks permits the microorganism to coordinate and integrate multiple environmental signals.[70]
ExtremophilesEdit
Main article: Extremophile
Further information: List of microorganisms tested in outer space
A tetrad of Deinococcus radiodurans, a radioresistant extremophile bacterium
Extremophiles are microorganisms that have adapted so that they can survive and even thrive in extreme environments that are normally fatal to most life-forms. Thermophiles and hyperthermophiles thrive in high temperatures. Psychrophiles thrive in extremely low temperatures. – Temperatures as high as 130 °C (266 °F),[73] as low as −17 °C (1 °F)[74] Halophiles such as Halobacterium salinarum (an archaean) thrive in high salt conditions, up to saturation.[75] Alkaliphiles thrive in an alkaline pH of about 8.5–11.[76] Acidophiles can thrive in a pH of 2.0 or less.[77] Piezophiles thrive at very high pressures: up to 1,000–2,000 atm, down to 0 atm as in a vacuum of space.[78] A few extremophiles such as Deinococcus radiodurans are radioresistant,[79] resisting radiation exposure of up to 5k Gy. Extremophiles are significant in different ways. They extend terrestrial life into much of the Earth's hydrosphere, crust and atmosphere, their specific evolutionary adaptation mechanisms to their extreme environment can be exploited in biotechnology, and their very existence under such extreme conditions increases the potential for extraterrestrial life.[80]
In soilEdit
Main article: Soil biology
The nitrogen cycle in soils depends on the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. This is achieved by a number of diazotrophs. One way this can occur is in the root nodules of legumes that contain symbiotic bacteria of the genera Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Azorhizobium.[81]
The roots of plants create a narrow region known as the rhizosphere that supports a large number of microorganisms known as the root microbiome.[82]
SymbiosisEdit
The photosynthetic cyanobacterium Hyella caespitosa (round shapes) with fungal hyphae (translucent threads) in the lichen Pyrenocollema halodytes
A lichen is a symbiosis of a macroscopic fungus with photosynthetic microbial algae or cyanobacteria.[83][84]
ApplicationsEdit
Main article: Human interactions with microbes
Microorganisms are useful in producing foods, treating waste water, creating biofuels and a wide range of chemicals and enzymes. They are invaluable in research as model organisms. They have been weaponised and sometimes used in warfare and bioterrorism. They are vital to agriculture through their roles in maintaining soil fertility and in decomposing organic matter.[85]
Food productionEdit
Main articles: Fermentation in food processing and Food microbiology
Microorganisms are used in a fermentation process to make yoghurt, cheese, curd, kefir, ayran, xynogala, and other types of food. Fermentation cultures provide flavor and aroma, and inhibit undesirable organisms.[86] They are used to leaven bread, and to convert sugars to alcohol in wine and beer. Microorganisms are used in brewing, wine making, baking, pickling and other food-making processes.[87]
Water treatmentEdit
Main article: Wastewater treatment
Further information: Drinking water § Water quality
Wastewater treatment plants rely largely on microorganisms to oxidise organic matter.
These depend for their ability to clean up water contaminated with organic material on microorganisms that can respire dissolved substances. Respiration may be aerobic, with a well-oxygenated filter bed such as a slow sand filter.[88] Anaerobic digestion by methanogens generate useful methane gas as a by-product.[89]
EnergyEdit
Main articles: Algae fuel, Cellulosic ethanol, and Ethanol fermentation
Microorganisms are used in fermentation to produce ethanol,[90] and in biogas reactors to produce methane.[91] Scientists are researching the use of algae to produce liquid fuels,[92] and bacteria to convert various forms of agricultural and urban waste into usable fuels.[93]
Chemicals, enzymesEdit
Further information: Synthesis of nanoparticles by fungi
Microorganisms are used to produce many commercial and industrial chemicals, enzymes and other bioactive molecules. Organic acids produced on a large industrial scale by microbial fermentation include acetic acid produced by acetic acid bacteria such as Acetobacter aceti, butyric acid made by the bacterium Clostridium butyricum, lactic acid made by Lactobacillus and other lactic acid bacteria,[94] and citric acid produced by the mould fungus Aspergillus niger.[94]
Microorganisms are used to prepare bioactive molecules such as Streptokinase from the bacterium Streptococcus,[95] Cyclosporin A from the ascomycete fungus Tolypocladium inflatum,[96] and statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus.[97]
ScienceEdit
See also: Genetically modified bacteria
A laboratory fermentation vessel
Microorganisms are essential tools in biotechnology, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. The yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe are important model organisms in science, since they are simple eukaryotes that can be grown rapidly in large numbers and are easily manipulated.[98] They are particularly valuable in genetics, genomics and proteomics.[99][100] Microorganisms can be harnessed for uses such as creating steroids and treating skin diseases. Scientists are also considering using microorganisms for living fuel cells,[101] and as a solution for pollution.[102]
WarfareEdit
Main articles: Biological warfare and Bioterrorism
In the Middle Ages, as an early example of biological warfare, diseased corpses were thrown into castles during sieges using catapults or other siege engines. Individuals near the corpses were exposed to the pathogen and were likely to spread that pathogen to others.[103]
In modern times, bioterrorism has included the 1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack[104] and the 1993 release of anthrax by Aum Shinrikyo in Tokyo.[105]
SoilEdit
Main article: Soil microbiology
Microbes can make nutrients and minerals in the soil available to plants, produce hormones that spur growth, stimulate the plant immune system and trigger or dampen stress responses. In general a more diverse set of soil microbes results in fewer plant diseases and higher yield.[106]
Human healthEdit
Human gut floraEdit
Further information: Human microbiota and Human Microbiome Project
Microorganisms can form an endosymbiotic relationship with other, larger organisms. For example, microbial symbiosis plays a crucial role in the immune system. The microorganisms that make up the gut flora in the gastrointestinal tract contribute to gut immunity, synthesize vitamins such as folic acid and biotin, and ferment complex indigestible carbohydrates.[107] Some microorganisms that are seen to be beneficial to health are termed probiotics and are available as dietary supplements, or food additives.[108]
DiseaseEdit
Main articles: Pathogen and Germ theory of disease
Further information: Medical microbiology and Parasite
The eukaryotic parasite Plasmodium falciparum (spiky blue shapes), a causative agent of malaria, in human blood
Microorganisms are the causative agents (pathogens) in many infectious diseases. The organisms involved include pathogenic bacteria, causing diseases such as plague, tuberculosis and anthrax; protozoan parasites, causing diseases such as malaria, sleeping sickness, dysentery and toxoplasmosis; and also fungi causing diseases such as ringworm, candidiasis or histoplasmosis. However, other diseases such as influenza, yellow fever or AIDS are caused by pathogenic viruses, which are not usually classified as living organisms and are not, therefore, microorganisms by the strict definition. No clear examples of archaean pathogens are known,[109] although a relationship has been proposed between the presence of some archaean methanogens and human periodontal disease.[110]
HygieneEdit
Main articles: Hygiene and Food microbiology
Hygiene is a set of practices to avoid infection or food spoilage by eliminating microorganisms from the surroundings. As microorganisms, in particular bacteria, are found virtually everywhere, harmful microorganisms may be reduced to acceptable levels rather than actually eliminated. In food preparation, microorganisms are reduced by preservation methods such as cooking, cleanliness of utensils, short storage periods, or by low temperatures. If complete sterility is needed, as with surgical equipment, an autoclave is used to kill microorganisms with heat and pressure.[111][112]
Catalogue of Life
Microbiological culture
Impedance microbiology
Microbial biogeography
Microbial intelligence
Microbivory, an eating behavior of some animals feeding on living microbes
Nanobacterium
Nylon-eating bacteria
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^ Woese, C.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. (1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 87 (12): 4576–9. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMC 54159. PMID 2112744.
^ De Rosa, M.; Gambacorta, A.; Gliozzi, A. (1 March 1986). "Structure, biosynthesis, and physicochemical properties of archaebacterial lipids". Microbiol. Rev. 50 (1): 70–80. PMC 373054. PMID 3083222.
^ Robertson, C.; Harris, J.; Spear, J.; Pace, N. (2005). "Phylogenetic diversity and ecology of environmental Archaea". Curr Opin Microbiol. 8 (6): 638–42. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2005.10.003. PMID 16236543.
^ Karner, M.B.; DeLong, E.F.; Karl, D.M. (2001). "Archaeal dominance in the mesopelagic zone of the Pacific Ocean". Nature. 409 (6819): 507–10. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..507K. doi:10.1038/35054051. PMID 11206545.
^ Sinninghe Damsté, J.S.; Rijpstra, W.I.; Hopmans, E.C.; Prahl, F.G.; Wakeham, S.G.; Schouten, S. (June 2002). "Distribution of Membrane Lipids of Planktonic Crenarchaeota in the Arabian Sea". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 (6): 2997–3002. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.6.2997-3002.2002. PMC 123986. PMID 12039760.
^ Leininger, S.; Urich, T.; Schloter, M.; Schwark, L.; Qi, J.; Nicol, G. W.; Prosser, J. I.; Schuster, S. C.; Schleper, C. (2006). "Archaea predominate among ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in soils". Nature. 442 (7104): 806–809. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..806L. doi:10.1038/nature04983. PMID 16915287.
^ a b Gold, T. (1992). "The deep, hot biosphere". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (13): 6045–9. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.6045G. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.13.6045. PMC 49434. PMID 1631089.
^ Whitman, W.; Coleman, D.; Wiebe, W. (1998). "Prokaryotes: The unseen majority". PNAS. 95 (12): 6578–83. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.6578W. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578. PMC 33863. PMID 9618454.
^ Staff (2 May 2016). "Researchers find that Earth may be home to 1 trillion species". National Science Foundation. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
^ Schulz, H.; Jorgensen, B. (2001). "Big bacteria". Annu Rev Microbiol. 55: 105–37. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.105. PMID 11544351.
^ Shapiro, J.A. (1998). "Thinking about bacterial populations as multicellular organisms" (PDF). Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 52: 81–104. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.52.1.81. PMID 9891794. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011.
^ Muñoz-Dorado, J.; Marcos-Torres, F. J.; García-Bravo, E.; Moraleda-Muñoz, A.; Pérez, J. (2016). "Myxobacteria: Moving, Killing, Feeding, and Surviving Together". Frontiers in Microbiology. 7: 781. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00781. PMC 4880591. PMID 27303375.
^ Johnsbor, O.; Eldholm, V.; Håvarstein, L.S. (December 2007). "Natural genetic transformation: prevalence, mechanisms and function". Res. Microbiol. 158 (10): 767–78. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2007.09.004. PMID 17997281.
^ Eagon, R. (1962). "Pseudomonas Natriegens, a Marine Bacterium With a Generation Time of Less Than 10 Minutes". J Bacteriol. 83 (4): 736–7. PMC 279347. PMID 13888946.
^ Eukaryota: More on Morphology. (Retrieved 10 October 2006)
^ a b Dyall, S.; Brown, M.; Johnson, P. (2004). "Ancient invasions: from endosymbionts to organelles". Science. 304 (5668): 253–7. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..253D. doi:10.1126/science.1094884. PMID 15073369.
^ See coenocyte.
^ Bernstein, H.; Bernstein, C.; Michod, R.E. (2012). "Chapter 1". In Kimura, Sakura; Shimizu, Sora (eds.). DNA repair as the primary adaptive function of sex in bacteria and eukaryotes. DNA Repair: New Research. Nova Sci. Publ. pp. 1–49. ISBN 978-1-62100-808-8.
^ Cavalier-Smith T (1 December 1993). "Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla". Microbiol. Rev. 57 (4): 953–994. PMC 372943. PMID 8302218.
^ Corliss JO (1992). "Should there be a separate code of nomenclature for the protists?". BioSystems. 28 (1–3): 1–14. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(92)90003-H. PMID 1292654.
^ Devreotes P (1989). "Dictyostelium discoideum: a model system for cell-cell interactions in development". Science. 245 (4922): 1054–8. Bibcode:1989Sci...245.1054D. doi:10.1126/science.2672337. PMID 2672337.
^ Slapeta, J; Moreira, D; López-García, P. (2005). "The extent of protist diversity: insights from molecular ecology of freshwater eukaryotes". Proc. Biol. Sci. 272 (1576): 2073–2081. doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3195. PMC 1559898. PMID 16191619.
^ Moreira, D.; López-García, P. (2002). "The molecular ecology of microbial eukaryotes unveils a hidden world" (PDF). Trends Microbiol. 10 (1): 31–8. doi:10.1016/S0966-842X(01)02257-0. PMID 11755083.
^ Kumamoto, C.A.; Vinces, M.D. (2005). "Contributions of hyphae and hypha-co-regulated genes to Candida albicans virulence". Cell. Microbiol. 7 (11): 1546–1554. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00616.x. PMID 16207242.
^ Thomas, David C. (2002). Seaweeds. London: Natural History Museum. ISBN 978-0-565-09175-0.
^ Szewzyk, U; Szewzyk, R; Stenström, T. (1994). "Thermophilic, anaerobic bacteria isolated from a deep borehole in granite in Sweden". PNAS. 91 (5): 1810–3. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.1810S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.5.1810. PMC 43253. PMID 11607462.
^ Horneck, G. (1981). "Survival of microorganisms in space: a review". Adv Space Res. 1 (14): 39–48. doi:10.1016/0273-1177(81)90241-6. PMID 11541716.
^ Rousk, Johannes; Bengtson, Per (2014). "Microbial regulation of global biogeochemical cycles". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5 (2): 210–25. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00103. PMC 3954078. PMID 24672519.
^ a b Filloux, A.A.M., ed. (2012). Bacterial Regulatory Networks. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-908230-03-4.
^ Gross, R.; Beier, D., eds. (2012). Two-Component Systems in Bacteria. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-908230-08-9.
^ Requena, J.M., ed. (2012). Stress Response in Microbiology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-908230-04-1.
^ Strain 121, a hyperthermophilic archaea, has been shown to reproduce at 121 °C (250 °F), and survive at 130 °C (266 °F).[1]
^ Some Psychrophilic bacteria can grow at −17 °C (1 °F)),[2] and can survive near absolute zero). "Earth microbes on the Moon". Archived from the original on 23 March 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
^ Dyall-Smith, Mike, HALOARCHAEA, University of Melbourne. See also Haloarchaea.
^ Bacillus alcalophilus can grow at up to pH 11.5
^ Picrophilus can grow at pH −0.06.[3]
^ The piezophilic bacteria Halomonas salaria requires a pressure of 1,000 atm; nanobes, a speculative organism, have been reportedly found in the earth's crust at 2,000 atm.[4]
^ Anderson, A. W.; Nordan, H. C.; Cain, R. F.; Parrish, G.; Duggan, D. (1956). "Studies on a radio-resistant micrococcus. I. Isolation, morphology, cultural characteristics, and resistance to gamma radiation". Food Technol. 10 (1): 575–577.
^ Cavicchioli, R. (2002). "Extremophiles and the search for extraterrestrial life" (PDF). Astrobiology. 2 (3): 281–292. Bibcode:2002AsBio...2..281C. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.472.3179. doi:10.1089/153110702762027862. PMID 12530238.
^ Barea, J.; Pozo, M.; Azcón, R.; Azcón-Aguilar, C. (2005). "Microbial co-operation in the rhizosphere". J Exp Bot. 56 (417): 1761–78. doi:10.1093/jxb/eri197. PMID 15911555.
^ Gottel, Neil R.; Castro, Hector F.; Kerley, Marilyn; Yang, Zamin; Pelletier, Dale A.; Podar, Mircea; Karpinets, Tatiana; Uberbacher, Ed; Tuskan, Gerald A.; Vilgalys, Rytas; Doktycz, Mitchel J.; Schadt, Christopher W. (2011). "Distinct Microbial Communities within the Endosphere and Rhizosphere of Populus deltoides Roots across Contrasting Soil Types". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (17): 5934–5944. doi:10.1128/AEM.05255-11. PMC 3165402. PMID 21764952.
^ "What is a lichen?". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
^ "Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
^ Gillen, Alan L. (2007). The Genesis of Germs: The Origin of Diseases and the Coming Plagues. New Leaf Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-89051-493-1.
^ "Dairy Microbiology". University of Guelph. Retrieved 9 October 2006.
^ Hui, Y.H.; Meunier-Goddik, L.; Josephsen, J.; Nip, W.K.; Stanfield, P.S. (2004). Handbook of Food and Beverage Fermentation Technology. CRC Press. pp. 27 and passim. ISBN 978-0-8247-5122-7.
^ Gray, N.F. (2004). Biology of Wastewater Treatment. Imperial College Press. p. 1164. ISBN 978-1-86094-332-4.
^ Tabatabaei, Meisam (2010). "Importance of the methanogenic archaea populations in anaerobic wastewater treatments" (PDF). Process Biochemistry. 45 (8): 1214–1225. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2010.05.017.
^ Kitani, Osumu; Carl W. Hall (1989). Biomass Handbook. Taylor & Francis US. p. 256. ISBN 978-2-88124-269-4.
^ Pimental, David (2007). Food, Energy, and Society. CRC Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-4200-4667-0.
^ Tickell, Joshua; et al. (2000). From the Fryer to the Fuel Tank: The Complete Guide to Using Vegetable Oil as an Alternative Fuel. Biodiesel America. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-9707227-0-6.
^ Inslee, Jay; et al. (2008). Apollo's Fire: Igniting America's Clean Energy Economy. Island Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-59726-175-3.
^ a b Sauer, Michael; Porro, Danilo; et al. (2008). "Microbial production of organic acids: expanding the markets" (PDF). Trends in Biotechnology. 26 (2): 100–8. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.11.006. PMID 18191255.
^ Babashamsi, Mohammed; et al. (2009). "Production and Purification of Streptokinase by Protected Affinity Chromatography". Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology. 1 (1): 47–51. PMC 3558118. PMID 23407807. Streptokinase is an extracellular protein, extracted from certain strains of beta hemolytic streptococcus.
^ Borel, J.F.; Kis, Z.L.; Beveridge, T. (1995). "The history of the discovery and development of Cyclosporin". In Merluzzi, V.J.; Adams, J. (eds.). The search for anti-inflammatory drugs case histories from concept to clinic. Boston: Birkhäuser. pp. 27–63. ISBN 978-1-4615-9846-6.
^ Biology textbook for class XII. National council of educational research and training. 2006. p. 183. ISBN 978-81-7450-639-9.
^ Castrillo, J.I.; Oliver, S.G. (2004). "Yeast as a touchstone in post-genomic research: strategies for integrative analysis in functional genomics". J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 37 (1): 93–106. doi:10.5483/BMBRep.2004.37.1.093. PMID 14761307. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008.
^ Suter, B.; Auerbach, D.; Stagljar, I. (2006). "Yeast-based functional genomics and proteomics technologies: the first 15 years and beyond". BioTechniques. 40 (5): 625–44. doi:10.2144/000112151. PMID 16708762.
^ Sunnerhagen, P. (2002). "Prospects for functional genomics in Schizosaccharomyces pombe". Curr. Genet. 42 (2): 73–84. doi:10.1007/s00294-002-0335-6. PMID 12478386.
^ Soni, S.K. (2007). Microbes: A Source of Energy for 21st Century. New India Publishing. ISBN 978-81-89422-14-1.
^ Moses, Vivian; et al. (1999). Biotechnology: The Science and the Business. CRC Press. p. 563. ISBN 978-90-5702-407-8.
^ Langford, Roland E. (2004). Introduction to Weapons of Mass Destruction: Radiological, Chemical, and Biological. Wiley-IEEE. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-471-46560-7.
^ Novak, Matt (3 November 2016). "The Largest Bioterrorism Attack In US History Was An Attempt To Swing An Election". Gizmodo.
^ CDC-Bacillus anthracis Incident, Kameido, Tokyo, 1993
^ Vrieze, Jop de (14 August 2015). "The littlest farmhands". Science. 349 (6249): 680–683. doi:10.1126/science.349.6249.680. PMID 26273035.
^ O'Hara, A.; Shanahan, F. (2006). "The gut flora as a forgotten organ". EMBO Rep. 7 (7): 688–93. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400731. PMC 1500832. PMID 16819463.
^ Schlundt, Jorgen. "Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria" (PDF). Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria. FAO / WHO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
^ Eckburg, P.; Lepp, P.; Relman, D. (2003). "Archaea and Their Potential Role in Human Disease". Infect Immun. 71 (2): 591–6. doi:10.1128/IAI.71.2.591-596.2003. PMC 145348. PMID 12540534.
^ Lepp, P.; Brinig, M.; Ouverney, C.; Palm, K.; Armitage, G.; Relman, D. (2004). "Methanogenic Archaea and human periodontal disease". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101 (16): 6176–81. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.6176L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0308766101. PMC 395942. PMID 15067114.
^ "Hygiene". World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved 18 May 2017.
^ "The Five Keys to Safer Food Programme". World Health Organization. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
Microbes.info is a microbiology information portal containing a vast collection of resources including articles, news, frequently asked questions, and links pertaining to the field of microbiology.
Our Microbial Planet A free poster from the National Academy of Sciences about the positive roles of micro-organisms.
"Uncharted Microbial World: Microbes and Their Activities in the Environment" Report from the American Academy of Microbiology
Understanding Our Microbial Planet: The New Science of Metagenomics A 20-page educational booklet providing a basic overview of metagenomics and our microbial planet.
Tree of Life Eukaryotes
Microbe News from Genome News Network
Medical Microbiology On-line textbook
Through the microscope: A look at all things small On-line microbiology textbook by Timothy Paustian and Gary Roberts, University of Wisconsin–Madison
Microorganisms in the pond water on YouTube
Methane-spewing microbe blamed in worst mass extinction. CBCNews
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microorganism&oldid=904337146"
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Category:Glen Campbell songs
Pop music portal
Rock music portal
This is a set category. It should only contain pages that are Glen Campbell songs or lists of Glen Campbell songs, as well as subcategories containing those things. Topics about Glen Campbell songs in general should be placed in relevant topic categories.
This category contains songs by Glen Campbell.
See also: Category:Songs written by Glen Campbell.
See also: Category:Glen Campbell albums.
For more information, see Glen Campbell.
See also: the categories Glen Campbell albums and The Beach Boys songs.
Pages in category "Glen Campbell songs"
The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 205 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).
All I Have to Do Is Dream
All I Want Is You (U2 song)
All the Way (Frank Sinatra song)
And I Love You So (song)
Annie's Song
Ar Hyd y Nos
Aura Lea
The Ballad of Jed Clampett
La Bamba (song)
Barbara Allen (song)
Bonaparte's Retreat (Pee Wee King song)
Bowling Green (song)
Burning Bridges (Jack Scott song)
Carolina in My Mind
Classical Gas
Country Boy (You Got Your Feet in L.A.)
Crying (Roy Orbison song)
Daddy Sang Bass
Daisy a Day
Don't Pull Your Love
Dream Baby (How Long Must I Dream)
Dreams of the Everyday Housewife
Elusive Butterfly
Everything a Man Could Ever Need
Faithless Love
Farther Along (song)
Feelings (Morris Albert song)
Foggy Dew (English song)
Foggy Mountain Breakdown
Galveston (song)
Gentle on My Mind (song)
Good Old Mountain Dew
Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)
Grow Old with Me
Guess I'm Dumb
Half as Much
The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (song)
He's Got the Whole World in His Hands
Here Comes Santa Claus
Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)
Hey Little One (song)
Highwayman (song)
Homeward Bound (Simon & Garfunkel song)
Honey Come Back (song)
I Believe (Frankie Laine song)
I Don't Believe You (She Acts Like We Never Have Met)
I Have You
I Love How You Love Me
I Love My Truck
I Remember You (1941 song)
I Say a Little Prayer
I Wanna Live
I'll Hold You in My Heart (Till I Can Hold You in My Arms)
I'm a One-Woman Man
I'm Not Gonna Miss You
If Not for You
The Impossible Dream (The Quest)
In the Garden (1912 song)
In the Sweet By-and-By
It Came Upon the Midnight Clear
It's Been So Long Darling
It's Just a Matter of Time (song)
It's Not Unusual
It's Only Make Believe
It's Over (Roy Orbison song)
Just a Closer Walk with Thee
Just to Satisfy You (song)
King of the Road (song)
A Lady Like You
The Last Thing on My Mind
The Last Time I Saw Her (song)
Lean on Me (song)
Learnin' the Blues
The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde (song)
Let It Be Me (The Everly Brothers song)
Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!
Let Me Be the One (The Carpenters song)
Light of a Clear Blue Morning
The Lion Sleeps Tonight
Little Altar Boy
The Lord's Prayer (Albert Hay Malotte song)
Love Is the Answer (Utopia song)
Lovesick Blues
MacArthur Park (song)
Make It Easy on Yourself
Manhattan, Kansas (song)
Mary in the Morning
The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (song)
Mr. Tambourine Man
Mull of Kintyre (song)
My Elusive Dreams
My Girl (The Temptations song)
No Vacancy (Merle Travis song)
Oh Shenandoah
Oklahoma Sunday Morning
Old Toy Trains
Only Love Can Break a Heart
Only the Lonely
A Place in the Sun (Stevie Wonder song)
Please Come to Boston
Pretty Paper (song)
Puff, the Magic Dragon
Rhinestone Cowboy
Roll in My Sweet Baby's Arms
Running Scared (Roy Orbison song)
San Francisco Is a Lonely Town
A Satisfied Mind
Scarborough Fair (ballad)
Scarlet Ribbons (For Her Hair)
She Called Me Baby
She Thinks I Still Care
She's Gone, Gone, Gone
Shower the People
Sing (Travis song)
(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay
Somebody's Doin' Me Right
Someday Soon (Ian Tyson song)
Somewhere (song)
Southern Nights (song)
Still Within the Sound of My Voice (song)
The Straight Life
Suddenly There's a Valley
Sunday Mornin' (Spanky and Our Gang song)
Sunflower (Glen Campbell song)
Take Me Back (Imperials song)
Take These Chains from My Heart
That's All That Matters
Theme from The Greatest American Hero (Believe It or Not)
Then You Can Tell Me Goodbye
These Days (Jackson Browne song)
Time in a Bottle
Times Like These (song)
Together Again (Buck Owens song)
Too Late to Worry, Too Blue to Cry (song)
Truck Drivin' Man
True Grit (song)
Try a Little Kindness (song)
Turn Around, Look at Me
United We Stand (song)
Universal Soldier (song)
Up Where We Belong
Walk Right In
Walk, Don't Run (instrumental)
Walkin' Down the Line
The Wayfaring Stranger (song)
We're Over
(Where Do I Begin?) Love Story
Where's the Playground Susie
White Lightning (The Big Bopper song)
Wichita Lineman
Woman, Woman
Wonderful World (Sam Cooke song)
Yakety Sax
You Better Sit Down Kids
You're My World
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Glen_Campbell_songs&oldid=905959353"
Songs by artist
American pop songs
American rock songs
American country music songs
American folk songs
Set categories
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Fox TV station in Oakland, California
Oakland/San Jose/San Francisco, California
KTVU Fox 2 (general)
Fox 2 (secondary)
KTVU Fox 2 News (newscasts)
Digital: 44 (UHF)
(to move to 31 (UHF))
Virtual: 2 (PSIP)
Analog:
K39AG 39 (UHF) Ukiah
Digital:
48 (UHF) San Jose
2.1: Fox (O&O)
2.2: LATV
2.3: Movies!
2.4: Buzzr
2.5: Decades (soon)[1]
Fox Television Stations, LLC
June 1957 (1957-06)[2]
March 3, 1958 (61 years ago) (1958-03-03)
Call letters' meaning
TeleVision for YoU
Sister station(s)
KICU-TV
Former channel number(s)
2 (VHF, 1958–2009)
56 (UHF, 2000–2009)
Former affiliations
Transmitter power
1,000 kW
775 kW (CP)
Facility ID
Transmitter coordinates
37°45′19″N 122°27′10″W / 37.75528°N 122.45278°W / 37.75528; -122.45278Coordinates: 37°45′19″N 122°27′10″W / 37.75528°N 122.45278°W / 37.75528; -122.45278
Licensing authority
Public license information
www.ktvu.com
KTVU, virtual channel 2 (UHF digital channel 44), is a Fox owned-and-operated television station licensed to Oakland, California, United States and serving the San Francisco Bay Area. The station is owned by the Fox Television Stations subsidiary of Fox Corporation, as part of a duopoly with San Jose-licensed independent station KICU-TV (channel 36). The two stations share studios at Jack London Square in downtown Oakland; KTVU's transmitter is located at Sutro Tower in San Francisco.
1.1 As an independent station
1.2 Fox affiliation
1.3 Acquisition by Fox Television Stations
2 Digital television
2.1 Digital channels
2.2 KTVU-DT2
2.5 Analog-to-digital conversion
3.1 Locally produced programming
3.2 Sports programming
4 News operation
4.1 Asiana Airlines accident prank
4.2 On-air staff
4.2.1 Notable current on-air staff
4.2.2 Notable former on-air staff
As an independent station[edit]
The station first signed on the air on March 3, 1958, originally operating as an independent station. The station was originally owned by San Francisco-Oakland Television, Inc., a local firm whose principals were William D. Pabst and Ward D. Ingrim, former executives at the Don Lee Network and KFRC radio; and Edwin W. Pauley, a Bay Area businessman who had led a separate group which competed against Pabst and Ingrim for the station's construction permit.[3] KTVU's operations were inaugurated with a special live telecast from its temporary studio facility at the former Paris Theatre in downtown Oakland. That June, the station moved into a permanent facility at Jack London Square in western Oakland, which was constructed using material gathered by the Port of Oakland and repurposed from a demolished pier.
Channel 2 was the fourth commercial television station to sign on in the Bay Area, and the first independent station in the market. It was the second television outlet in Northern California to have been assigned the KTVU call letters, which were previously used by a short-lived station on UHF channel 36 in Stockton,[4] which operated from September 1955 to April 30, 1956. During its first 15 years on the air, KTVU's transmitter facilities were originally based from a tower on San Bruno Mountain in northern San Mateo County. KTVU moved its transmitter facilities to the Sutro Tower, after the structure was completed in 1973.
The Ingrim–Pabst–Pauley group attempted to sell KTVU to NBC in 1960, as the network sought to acquire a television station in the Bay Area to operate alongside KNBC radio (now KNBR).[5] The sale was eventually cancelled in October 1961, due to pre-existing concerns over the sale cited by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that were related to NBC's ownership of radio and television stations in Philadelphia.[6] Eighteen months after the sale to NBC was aborted, in July 1963 channel 2 was sold to the Miami Valley Broadcasting Company, a subsidiary of Atlanta-based Cox Enterprises, for $12.3 million; the sale was finalized in mid-October of that year.[7][8] Over the station's history as an independent, KTVU's programming schedule consisted mainly of syndicated off-network series, movies, talk shows and religious programs, as well as a sizeable amount of locally produced news, sports, talk and public affairs programming. In 1960, after acquiring camera, projection and slide equipment to transmit programming available in the format, the station began broadcasting its programming in color; much of the programs that it broadcast in color consisted of movies and certain series acquired from the syndication market that were produced in the format, as well as locally produced specials.
Under Cox's stewardship, channel 2 became the leading independent station in the San Francisco–Oakland market and one of the top-rated independents in the Western United States. KTVU retained this status even as competing independents on the UHF band signed on during the late 1960s, most notably KBHK-TV (channel 44, now KBCW) and KEMO-TV (channel 20, now KOFY-TV) within months of each other in early 1968.
In the early 1960s, KTVU obtained the local broadcast rights to the Warner Bros. Pictures library; the films it broadcast from the studio primarily consisted of those released during the 1950s, most being presented in color, which aired at 7:00 p.m. on Sundays. Channel 2 was the first television station in the Bay Area to air such films as A Star Is Born, East of Eden and Rebel Without a Cause. KTVU exercised discretion and limited the amount of commercial break interruptions during the movie telecasts, often airing the films uncensored and with commentary, either by a studio host or via slides. The station even televised the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film Hollywood Revue of 1929 with some of the original two-strip Technicolor sequences. During the early 1970s, the station began employing a different programming strategy to stand out from the other independents in the market, acquiring first-run syndicated sitcoms and drama series, several comedies and dramas from the United Kingdom (such as Upstairs, Downstairs and The Benny Hill Show, the latter of which had some episodes re-edited by the station to remove scenes of frontal nudity accidentally left in the broadcast prints), and various nature series (including National Geographic specials) as alternative offerings.
As an independent competitor, KTVU aired a nightly film showcase, The 8 O'Clock Movie, as an alternative to network programs that aired during prime time on then-NBC affiliate KRON-TV (channel 4, now a MyNetworkTV affiliate), CBS station KPIX (channel 5) and ABC-owned KGO-TV (channel 7). Continuing into its early years as a Fox affiliate, KTVU frequently aired classic movies (around 20 per week) in the 8:00 p.m. time slot as well as on Sunday afternoons. Many of the films presented were prints restored by the station's editing department to eliminate color and splicing errors, and scratches present within the negatives. It also occasionally aired movies originally assigned an R rating for their theatrical release (such as One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Walkabout) without editing for strong profanity, nudity or violence, some of which aired during prime time. In 1992, KTVU ran a station-edited version of the 1984 science fiction film Dune, which combined footage from the Alan Smithee television cut with the original theatrical release (thereby restoring all the violence featured in the latter cut, while eliminating some of the objectionable edits that caused director David Lynch to remove his name from the credits of the television print).
Channel 2 adapted to competition over the years by reinventing the station's own image with the launch of a promotional campaign using the slogan, "There's Only One 2" – which was used in its marketing and on-air promos, including a musical jingle, during the 1970s and 1980s (the slogan was reintroduced under Fox ownership in 2015).[9]
In 1977, KTVU was uplinked to satellite as a national superstation, being carried primarily on systems operated by cable television provider and corporate cousin, Cox Cable. However, the station was unable to compete with WTBS (now WPCH-TV) in Atlanta, and two other independent stations that were uplinked to satellite as superstations in the two years after KTVU gained national distribution, WGN-TV in Chicago and WOR-TV (now co-owned MyNetworkTV owned-and-operated station WWOR-TV) in New York City, and began to scale down its national coverage via cable in 1982. While KTVU remained a superstation for the remainder of its run as an independent, its cable coverage would become limited to providers within the Western United States—primarily those located in Northern California, Nevada, Oregon and select areas of Utah. The station continued to be distributed nationally, however, on direct broadcast satellite via C-Band systems until the late 1990s; KTVU was also carried on PrimeStar as its Fox network feed for the Pacific Time Zone until the satellite provider merged with DirecTV in 1999. KTVU also carried programming from the Operation Prime Time programming service (at least) in 1978.[10]
Fox affiliation[edit]
In October 1985, News Corporation—which had purchased a 50% interest in 20th Century Fox corporate parent TCF Holdings for $250 million in March 1985—announced its intentions to create a fourth television network that would use the resources of 20th Century Fox Television to both produce and distribute programming, intending to compete with ABC, CBS and NBC. The company formally announced the launch of the new network, the Fox Broadcasting Company, on May 7, 1986.[11] Subsequently, Fox approached Cox Enterprises to affiliate with the upstart network months prior to its formal launch, with KTVU agreeing to serve as its charter affiliate for the San Francisco–Oakland–San Jose market. Channel 2's affiliation with Fox could be seen as a major coup for the fledgling network, because of its distinction as the highest-rated independent station in the Bay Area as well as one of the strongest independents in the U.S. It was also one of the few independents to affiliate with the network (outside of three which News Corporation had earlier acquired from Metromedia) which broadcast on the VHF band and had an established local news identity.[12][13]
KTVU officially joined Fox seven months later on October 9, 1986, when the fledgling network inaugurated programming with the debut of the late night talk show The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers. Similar to other Fox stations during the network's early years, KTVU was programmed as a de facto independent station, even after Fox expanded its programming into prime time on weekend evenings in April 1987.[13][14] Until Fox completed the expansion of its prime time schedule (which began with the launch of a Saturday night lineup in July 1987, and was gradually rolled out to additional nights over the next seven years) and began offering programming on a nightly basis in September 1993, KTVU continued to air a movie at 8:00 p.m. on nights when the network did not offer any programming. However, the station also decreased its reliance on movies during this period, due to the growing difficulty of broadcast stations in acquiring film content as the number of cable television networks increased. The strong ratings that KTVU had as an independent station carried over into its tenure with Fox, turning it into one of the network's strongest affiliates; despite having its programming occasionally being pre-empted by San Francisco Giants game telecasts, Fox was very satisfied with KTVU because of its ratings performance.
During the early and mid-1990s, the station gradually shifted the focus of its daytime schedule from a mix of off-network sitcoms and drama series to a lineup predominately made up of first-run syndicated talk, court and reality shows; it also continued to run some off-network sitcoms during the evening and late-night hours. In addition, Channel 2 began to air an afternoon cartoon block supplied by the network, Fox Kids, when the Monday through Saturday children's lineup debuted in September 1990. The station continued to run Fox Kids programming on weekdays—moving it to an earlier time period on weekday afternoons in January 2000, to build an adult-targeted audience for the pending launch of its 6:00 p.m. newscast by filling the 4:00 to 6:00 p.m. slot with talk and court shows—until the network discontinued its afternoon block in January 2002;[15] it retained the Saturday morning lineup, which eventually became known as 4Kids TV under a programming agreement with 4Kids Entertainment, until Fox discontinued its children's programming altogether on December 27, 2008 (replacing it with the two-hour infomercial block Weekend Marketplace).
Throughout its affiliation with Fox under Cox Enterprises ownership, the station continued to brand itself as "Channel 2", even as the network began to require that its owned-and-operated stations and affiliates incorporate the "Fox" name within their on-air branding. However, KTVU would begin to alternately brand as "Fox Channel 2" by the early 1990s, which was mainly used within promotions for Fox network programs, with the network's logo being placed to the left of KTVU's longtime "Circle Laser 2" logo (which was first introduced in 1975). In September 1997, the Fox wordmark logo was added onto the underside of the top line of "Circle Laser 2"; the station also concurrently changed its branding to "KTVU Fox 2" as the network tightened its branding standardizations for its stations—although the previous "KTVU Channel 2" moniker remained in use as part of its newscast branding (the "Fox 2" logo and moniker was used on the station's 10:00 p.m. newscast from 2001 to 2002).
On November 29, 1999, Cox Enterprises acquired San Jose-based independent station KICU-TV from Detroit businessman and Buffalo Bills owner Ralph Wilson and KICU president/general manager Jim Evers. The resulting pairing of KICU with KTVU created the Bay Area's first television station duopoly when the deal was finalized in March 2000;[16][17] the operations of KICU migrated from that station's original studio facilities in San Jose, where KTVU relocated its South Bay news bureau, and were consolidated into KTVU's Jack London Square facility in Oakland.[18] On March 3, 2008, KTVU celebrated its 50th anniversary of broadcasting. In honor of the anniversary, a series of fifteen promos were produced, which included those honoring past KTVU programs such as Romper Room and Captain Satellite as well as the station's sports programming.
Acquisition by Fox Television Stations[edit]
Following its purchase of WJZY in Charlotte, North Carolina in March 2013, Variety reported that Fox Television Stations was pursuing station acquisitions in San Francisco and Seattle as it desired to have a larger presence in the markets of NFL teams that are part of the National Football Conference (such as the San Francisco 49ers and Seattle Seahawks), the conference to which Fox holds broadcast rights.[19] Fox had for many years wanted to have an owned-and-operated station in the San Francisco Bay Area, which has always been one of the ten largest Nielsen television markets. After Fox Television Stations assumed ownership of charter affiliate WTXF-TV in Philadelphia in 1995, KTVU became the largest Fox station by market size not to be owned by the network.[20] Fox's original parent company News Corporation (which spun off the network to 21st Century Fox in July 2013 as part of the company's separation of its entertainment and publishing assets) made several offers to buy KTVU, but Cox turned down each of News Corporation's proposals (Fox had also reportedly considered purchasing KTVU's CBS-affiliated sister station in Seattle, KIRO-TV, which would have displaced that market's charter Fox affiliate, KCPQ; such a purchase never materialized, although Fox did attempt to buy KCPQ outright before renewing its affiliation contract with that station in July 2014, after it was unsuccessful in pressuring Tribune Broadcasting to sell KCPQ by purchasing and proposing to move its programming to Bellingham, Washington-based KBCB).[19]
On June 24, 2014, Fox announced that it would trade two of its owned-and-operated stations, WFXT in Boston and WHBQ-TV in Memphis, to the Cox Media Group in exchange for acquiring KTVU and KICU. The deal made KTVU the last Big Four network station in the Bay Area to become an owned-and-operated station of its associated network. Prior to this announcement it was rumored that Fox had considered buying rival (and former NBC affiliate) KRON-TV (channel 4) and moving its programming there (which would have resulted in KTVU losing its Fox affiliation to channel 4 had Fox acquired that station instead).[21][22][23] The trade was completed on October 8, 2014, marking Channel 2's first ownership change in 51 years; the trade with Fox Television Stations also resulted in WFXT supplanting KTVU as the company's largest television station by market size.[24] As part of the trade, Cox Media Group and Fox Television Stations also reassigned key management personnel between the two markets; KTVU-KICU general manager Tom Raponi was reassigned to serve in the same position at WFXT, while Gregg Kelley was reassigned from WFXT to become vice president and general manager of the KTVU-KICU duopoly.[25][26]
In November 2014, KTVU transitioned from Cox's in-house digital platforms to those operated by Fox, which included the release of new mobile apps and the transition of its website to the WorldNow platform and the webpage layouts that the provider designed for the Fox-owned stations.[27] On February 8, 2015, KTVU began to fully comply with Fox's station branding guidelines, extending the "KTVU Fox 2" brand to its news programming (as well as adopting Fox Television Stations' standardized graphics package for the group's Fox O&Os); however, the station retained the "Circle Laser 2" logo by both including it within the group's standardized "boxkite" logo and in an alternate version in which it is now placed next to the Fox wordmark (the latter became the main logo in August 2015, when KTVU introduced updated introductions for its newscasts, which de-emphasized the standardized graphics).[28]
Digital television[edit]
Digital channels[edit]
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
PSIP Short Name
Programming[29]
2.1 720p 16:9 KTVU-HD Main KTVU programming / Fox
2.2 480i 4:3 KTVU-SD LATV
2.3 16:9 Movies! Movies!
2.4 4:3 Buzzr Buzzr
2.5 16:9 Decades (soon)[1]
KTVU also operates a Mobile DTV simulcast feed on subchannel 2.1. The feed was originally transmitted over the MDTV signal of sister station KICU-TV, but has since moved to a standalone signal.[30][31]
KTVU-DT2[edit]
KTVU originally launched a digital subchannel on virtual channel 2.2 in 2008, as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network LATV.
KTVU-DT3 originally launched in 2014, as the Bay Area affiliate of Movies!, a movie channel owned by Fox Television Stations in conjunction with Weigel Broadcasting.
On May 31, 2015, KTVU launched a digital subchannel on virtual channel 2.4 to serve as a charter affiliate of the game show-focused multicast network Buzzr through an affiliation agreement with network owner FremantleMedia North America.[32]
Analog-to-digital conversion[edit]
KTVU shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 2, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television.[33] The station's digital signal was relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 56, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to UHF channel 44 (the allocation previously occupied by KBCW's analog signal),[34] using PSIP to display KTVU's virtual channel as 2 on digital television receivers.
KTVU also operates a digital fill-in translator on UHF channel 48,[35] which serves the southern part of the viewing area, including San Jose.
Syndicated programs broadcast by KTVU (as of September 2016[update]) include The Wendy Williams Show, The Dr. Oz Show, Harry, TMZ on TV, and Seinfeld.[36]
Since it first joined the network as an affiliate in October 1986, KTVU has generally aired the entire Fox program lineup without preemptions (except for San Francisco Giants baseball games during its contractual tenure with the team), as the network airs fewer hours of programming than that offered by CBS, NBC and ABC. The only regular exception has been Fox NFL Kickoff, which KTVU has declined carriage of since the Sunday pre-game show and Fox NFL Sunday lead-in moved to Fox from Fox Sports 1 in September 2015, due to its existing commitment to carry the "official" San Francisco 49ers pregame show 49ers Pre Game Live on Sunday mornings during the NFL regular season; Kickoff thus airs at the same time on KICU.[37]
At first, KTVU delayed the pre-empted prime time programming to weekends, but with the growth of Fox and because of viewer demand, the station eventually aired network shows that were delayed from their designated prime time slots following its 10:00 p.m. newscast. From the time that Cox took over the operations of KICU in 2000 until Channel 2 lost the Giants rights after the 2007 season, the preempted Fox programming would be moved to KICU to air in their network-designated time slots.
Locally produced programming[edit]
From 1958 until the early 1970s, KTVU aired the space-themed afternoon children's program Captain Satellite, which was hosted by Bob March and was set in a fictional spaceship known as the Starfinder II. The series—which was originally produced at Moose Hall in Oakland, before moving to the KTVU studios in 1959—showcased cartoons between segments (including among others The Space Explorers), as well as film clips provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and live in-studio visits from astronauts.[38][39]
Until the 1980s, the station produced a series of classic public service shorts titled Bits and Pieces, often featuring two talking puppets, Charley and Humphrey, which Pat McCormick had brought over to KTVU from his tenure at KGO-TV. The shorts, which often aired during children's programs shown on the station, were aimed at delivering positive and educational messages to kids. In the late 1970s, Charley and Humphrey were spun off into a daily children's program on KTVU, which was hosted by McCormick.[40] Channel 2 also served as the Bay Area's originating station for the children's television program franchise Romper Room; originally hosted by Nancy Besst, the half-hour program aired at 8:30 a.m. on weekday mornings for much of the 1980s.[41]
One of the station's most successful programs—both in terms of ratings and cultural impact—was Creature Features, a Saturday prime time showcase of horror movies that was originally hosted by Bob Wilkins, who had earlier hosted a popular and similarly themed show at KCRA-TV in Sacramento. Wilkins brought a straight presentation and dry wit to a television genre made ridiculous by the likes of Vampira. Creature Features became an immediate hit following its January 9, 1971 premiere telecast, eventually expanding to a double feature format in the mid-1970s, by which time it was defeating network fare such as Saturday Night Live (on KRON-TV) in the local ratings. It was these latter ratings victories that resulted in John Belushi and John Landis appearing on the program in 1978, during their promotional tour for National Lampoon's Animal House. Wilkins also interviewed then-local author Anne Rice upon the publication of Interview with the Vampire as well as, among many others, Christopher Lee, William Shatner and local independent filmmaker Ernie Fosselius (of Hardware Wars fame).[42][43]
Wilkins eventually began hosting a second program on KTVU, Captain Cosmic, donning a silver motorcycle helmet and crimson cape in his portrayal of the title character. It was wherein the program that he introduced the Bay Area—and by extension, through KTVU's superstation status, the rest of the country—to Japanese anime by broadcasting such shows as Star Blazers and Ultra Man. Captain Cosmic was a hit, though it ended when Wilkins retired from television in 1979; former San Francisco Chronicle reporter and occasional co-host John Stanley took over as sole host of Creature Features from 1979 until its cancellation in 1982.[43]
Other local programs that aired on KTVU during its run as an independent station included the film showcase/trivia game show franchise Dialing for Dollars, which was first hosted by Mel Vinter and later by Pat McCormick, who later served as a weather anchor at the station; National All-Star Wrestling,[44] which aired on Friday nights during the early and mid-1960s from the KTVU studios or Daly City's Cow Palace and was hosted by Walt Harris; and Roller Derby, which Harris also hosted for many years and featured San Francisco Bay Bombers roller derby games until the demise of the International Roller Derby League in 1973.[41] During the early 2000s, KTVU broadcast San Francisco's Chinese New Year Parade each winter; sister station KICU generally rebroadcast the parade on the evening of its broadcast (independent station KTSF, channel 26, aired its own Chinese-language telecast of the parade using "pool" cameras).
Sports programming[edit]
KTVU obtained the rights to televise San Francisco Giants Major League Baseball games in 1961,[45] three years after the team relocated to the Bay Area from New York City. After the move, the Giants initially opted against televising their games to encourage game attendance by Bay Area residents and tourists. When channel 2 became the Giants' television partner, it was only permitted to televise the team's road games against the Los Angeles Dodgers until 1965,[46] when the station began airing additional regular season and exhibition games (KTVU's relationship with the Giants extended to the franchise's ownership, as Cox Enterprises owned a 10% stake in the Giants during the latter years of the broadcast contract[17]). KTVU eventually began sharing the local television rights to the Giants with SportsChannel Bay Area (now NBC Sports Bay Area, in which the Giants had purchased a 30% minority interest in December 2007[47]) when the regional sports network launched in July 1991.
Channel 2 lost the local over-the-air telecast rights to the Giants following the 2007 season, when the broadcast television contract was taken over by San Jose-based NBC owned-and-operated station KNTV (channel 11).[48] The Giants continue to maintain a presence on Channel 2 to the present day, as some Saturday afternoon—and more recently, Saturday evening—regular season games (in addition to the team's postseason and World Series appearances) have been carried on the station since 1996, through Fox's national broadcast contract with Major League Baseball. KTVU also carried games of the cross-bay rival Oakland Athletics during that team's world championship season in 1973,[49] and also airs Athletics games that are part of the Fox MLB broadcast contract.
KTVU has also served as the market's primary official television broadcaster of the San Francisco 49ers since 1994, when Fox assumed the contractual rights to air games from the National Football Conference (NFC). The station airs most of the team's regular season and playoff games that do not have rights held by other broadcast networks (primarily those involving the 49ers' in-conference opponents), as well as other 49ers-related programming during the NFL season including the pre-game show 49ers Pre Game Live (on Sunday mornings), the weekly station-produced sports program KTVU Mercedes-Benz Sports Weekend (on Saturday evenings), magazine program 49ers Total Access (which follows Sports Wrap on Sunday evenings) and the 49ers Red & Gold Specials (comprising four programs focusing on the 49ers' history that air on either KTVU or KICU during the team's training camp and/or preseason).[50][51]
KTVU also airs most Oakland Raiders games in which the team plays host to an NFC team at Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum as well as select preseason games (although some preseason games may be deferred to sister station KICU, due to contractual preemption limitations imposed by Fox), and starting in 2014, when the NFL instituted its new 'cross-flex' broadcast rules, any Raiders game involving another AFC team that is moved from KPIX to KTVU. The San Francisco/Golden State Warriors also aired many of their basketball games on KTVU on several occasions through the years, first from 1962 to 1963, and later from 1965 to 1968, 1969 to 1983 and the late 1990s to 2001.
News operation[edit]
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As of April 2018[update], KTVU presently broadcasts 67 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 11½ hours on weekdays, 4½ hours on Saturdays and five hours on Sundays); in regards to the number of hours devoted to news programming, it is the highest newscast output of any television station in the San Francisco Bay Area (behind MyNetworkTV affiliate KRON-TV, which carries 65 hours each week), and one of the top 4 in the country. In addition, the station produces the sports highlight program Sports Wrap, which airs Saturdays at 10:45 p.m. and Sundays at 11:30 p.m. (it originally existed as a 15-minute program contained within the weekend editions of the 10:00 p.m. newscast until May 30, 2015, after which the Sunday edition was spun-off into a separate half-hour program on June 7; the program retains its 15-minute format for its Saturday edition),[52] and the public affairs program Bay Area People, which airs Saturdays at 6:30 a.m. The Saturday and Sunday editions of KTVU's 6:00 p.m. newscast are subject to preemption or delay due to network sports telecasts overrunning into or starting within either time slot; since April 2016, sister station KICU has served as an alternate broadcaster of KTVU newscasts that are pre-empted by network sports telecasts. KTVU was the fifth-largest Fox station overall without a newscast in a conventional late news time slot (locally in the San Francisco market, 11:00 p.m. Pacific Time). As of 2017, KTVU airs a newscast at 11:00 p.m.
The station has been well known in the Bay Area for its news programming; KTVU's news department began operations along with the station on March 3, 1958, with the launch of The 10 o'clock News (modified to a fully spelled titling in 2001, before switching to a partially numerical-based titling—as the Fox 2 10:00 News, mirroring similar titling schemes for newscasts used by some of its sister stations such as Los Angeles O&O KTTV—for six months starting in February 2015 under Fox ownership, before reverting to the previous title form), which for years had been the market's only local television newscast at 10:00 p.m. Initially airing for a half-hour on Monday through Friday nights, the program was originally anchored by Les Nichols (who served as KTVU's managing editor) and Al Helmso (who also served as the station's first news director). The program has long established itself with top-drawer talent, many of whom have worked at KTVU for more than ten years. Though, early on, the program experienced turnover with its main anchor team. Nichols and Helmso stepped down as main anchors in the early 1960s, replaced by Gary Park and Stan Atkinson. The program was reformatted in 1971 as The Tuck-Fortner Report, with Mike Tuck and Ron Fortner at the helm; they were replaced by Marcia Brandwynne and George Reading in 1974 (Reading would later be replaced by Atkinson and eventually, Judd Hambrick). The weeknight editions of The 10 o'clock News would expand to one hour in 1975; hour-long weekend editions were eventually added in September 1979, which were first by anchored by Elaine Corral.
In 1976, assignment reporter Dennis Richmond was appointed as the station's lead anchor and became known among local viewers for his straightforward and interpersonal, but calm and unopinionated delivery in his reporting. Richmond's co-anchors throughout his tenure were Judd Hambrick (1976–1977), Andy Park (1977–1978), Barbara Simpson (1978–1986), Elaine Corral (1986–1998, abruptly resigning on-air in March 1998),[53][54][55] Leslie Griffith (1998–2006)[56] and finally Julie Haener, who became weeknight co-anchor in May 2007 and remains in that capacity as of 2016[update]. Richmond anchored The Ten O'Clock News for 32 of his 40 years at KTVU until his retirement in May 2008.[57][58] Replacing him was Frank Somerville, who, starting in 1992, had handled morning and noon anchor duties, before moving to the 5:00 p.m. newscast in 2005 and eventually joining Haener as lead anchor.[59][60][61] Another mainstay of KTVU's prime time newscast was Pat McCormick, who served as a weather anchor off-and-on from 1969 until his retirement in 1995 (replacing Bob Wilkins as chief weathercaster in 1974); his successor Bill Martin, who joined Channel 2 in 1996, was the first television meteorologist in the Bay Area to provide six-day weather forecasts.[40][62][63] Bob MacKenzie was also a fixture for many years as a feature reporter, and also did occasional topical commentary pieces, winning 13 Bay Area Emmy Awards during his tenure at the station from 1978 to 2006 (although MacKenzie would continue to file occasional reports following his formal retirement from KTVU until 2010).[64]
For more than 40 years, The Ten O'Clock News has been the ratings leader in the San Francisco Bay Area at 10:00 p.m., with or without news competition in the arena. The program's rise to ratings dominance—even at times when weaker-rated shows led into the newscast—occurred under the helm of longtime news director Fred Zehnder (who originally joined the station as an assistant news director, before being promoted to head the news department after the firing of his predecessor Ted Kavanau in 1978). Zehnder crafted a no-nonsense journalistic style for The 10 o'clock News that was based around in-depth and fair reporting, largely devoid of the "happy talk" banter among anchors that was common of other local television newscasts.[65] During Zehnder's tenure, KTVU became one of the most respected local television news operations in the United States and earned several journalism awards over the next two decades, including Emmy, Associated Press, Peabody and duPont-Columbia Awards.
The 10:00 p.m. newscast's dominance was to such an extent that, from 1987 to 2005, the program was referenced in its title sequence and some news promotions as "the number one prime time newscast in the country", a factual statement based on the number of viewers watching the program at that hour, even beating network programs airing against it on KRON-TV, KGO-TV and KPIX on most nights. It was such a force to be reckoned with that when KRON and KPIX respectively timeshifted NBC and CBS' prime time lineups one hour earlier as part of the "early prime" network scheduling experiment in February 1992, The 10 o'clock News handily beat the late evening newscasts that both stations had consequently moved up to 10:00. KRON would move its late news back to the 11:00 p.m. slot in September 1993; KPIX would not follow suit until September 1998 (although it would later begin producing a competing half-hour 10:00 newscast for KBCW in March 2008). In stark contrast, when KRON became an independent station in January 2002, it initially scheduled its new prime time newscast at 9:00 p.m. to avoid competing directly with KTVU (KRON would eventually restore a newscast at 10:00 p.m. on May 16, 2016[66]). Moreover, WB affiliate KBWB (now KOFY-TV) canceled its KNTV-produced 10:00 p.m. newscast after four years in 2002, as it was unable to compete with KTVU in the ratings. During this period, KTVU branded its flagship newscast as The Original Ten O'Clock News.
The Ten O'Clock News is also one of the few local newscasts in the United States to have been syndicated to other television stations. As of 2016[update], the program also airs on Fox affiliate KCBA in Monterey (which also carries the weekday editions of Mornings on 2),[67] MyNetworkTV affiliates KRVU-LD in Chico and KEMY-LP in Eureka, California, and Fox affiliate KRXI-TV in Reno, Nevada (the latter of which was co-owned with KTVU under Cox Enterprises from 1997 to 2013, and had also carried KTVU's morning and noon newscasts until Cox discontinued its agreement with KRXI owner Sinclair Broadcast Group to air both programs on May 14, 2014[68]).
Throughout its run as an independent station, The 10 o'clock News was the only news program on KTVU. The station first began programming news outside its established 10:00 p.m. slot in September 1986, when it debuted 2 at Noon. Originally anchored by Barbara Simpson and Bob MacKenzie, the hour-long midday news-talk program—which replaced syndicated game shows in the noon time slot—featured a hybrid of in-depth interviews and various lifestyle features, preceded by a news summary during the first half-hour. The program was reformatted into a more traditional newscast in 1990, as The Noon News, at which time it was shortened to a half-hour (the newscast would eventually revert to an hour on April 7, 2016[69]). In September 1989, the station debuted a half-hour 6:00 p.m. newscast, The 6:00 News, which lasted until its cancellation in 1991.
Channel 2 eventually decided to shift towards a news-intensive format to compete with KRON, KPIX, KGO-TV and KNTV that took the course of several years to take effect; Fox has never carried any national network newscasts (aside from news updates produced out of its New York City station WNYW that aired during prime time from 1987 to 1990, and four attempts at newsmagazines between 1987 and 2003), but it still motivated its affiliates, including KTVU, to air more local news programming. The station's original morning newscast, Mornings on 2, debuted on January 2, 1991 as a two-hour broadcast from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m., replacing animated series in the time period (the program would expand to three hours on September 14, 2016[70]); as such, it became the fourth Fox station to air a newscast on weekday mornings. This was followed on August 5, 1996, by the debut of an additional hour-long newscast at 6:00 a.m. (which would gradually expand to three hours, now beginning at 4:00 a.m.).[71] Early evening newscasts later returned on March 27, 2000 with the debut of a new half-hour 6:00 p.m. newscast (which expanded to an hour on April 25, 2016),[72][73][74][75][76] followed in April 2005 by the addition of an hour-long 5:00 p.m. newscast on weekdays (an expansion of an existing weekend-only newscast that debuted in 1998).
Besides beating out its competition in the 10:00 p.m. time slot, The Ten O'Clock News has also placed ahead of KRON, KPIX and KGO's 11:00 p.m. newscasts in overall late news viewership for much of its history; however as its news programming expanded, KTVU's newscasts avidly competed for first overall with KRON-TV and KGO-TV during the 1990s. Its newscasts became the highest-rated among the Bay Area's television stations in the early 2000s, firmly taking first place from KRON-TV following Channel 4's January 2002 disaffiliation from NBC. The May 1999 retirement of Zehnder brought changes to the newsroom; however, KTVU was ranked as the highest quality local newscast in the nation in 2000 by the Project for Excellence in Journalism under his immediate successor, Andrew Finlayson (who began his tenure at KTVU as a noon news producer in 1988, and left the station in 2003), while maintaining the top ratings slot at 10:00 and throughout the noon and morning newscasts.[77][78][79] Varying prime time numbers and improvements at competitors (as well as audience erosion for local programming in general) have since led to a decline in the once-dominant news operation's ratings, although it retains the #1 spot, a rarity for a Fox station. For the month of August 2010, KTVU's newscasts ranked #1 among adult viewers 25-54, beating KPIX, KGO, KNTV and KRON.[80]
KTVU had used the "KTVU News Theme" by Michael Randall as the primary theme music for its newscasts from 1987 (debuting alongside a custom title sequence for the 10:00 p.m. newscast that was updated in 1994 and used until 2001, featuring a CGI fly-over of the Bay Area showcasing the program's title logo gliding across the waters of the San Francisco Bay) until the package was replaced on June 23, 2010 by a new 615 Music-composed theme called "Icon News". In the 2000s,[when?] Channel 2 became the last news-producing English language station in the Bay Area to begin utilizing a helicopter for news gathering, with the introduction of News Chopper 2 (now known as SkyFox as part of the rebranding by Fox after its acquisition). On October 10, 2006, KTVU became the first television station in the Bay Area (and the third Cox-owned station, after Atlanta flagship WSB-TV and WFTV in Orlando) to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition;[81] with the upgrade, the station debuted a new state-of-the-art studio designed for HD newscast production, which replaced the previous set that had been in use since 1986 (with refreshes in 1993, 1999 and 2004); video from remote and field equipment was initially broadcast in 480p standard definition following the transition; high definition cameras are now utilized for field reports.
Former KTVU news director Ed Chapuis at the 69th Annual Peabody Awards in 2010.
On January 21, 2008, the station began producing a half-hour newscast at 7:00 p.m. each weeknight for sister station KICU-TV.[82] In 2010, the KTVU news department was honored with a Peabody Award for its coverage of the June 2009 shooting of unarmed African-American male Oscar Grant in a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) terminal.[83] On January 22, 2011, KTVU launched two-hour newscasts on Saturdays and Sundays from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m., becoming the largest Fox affiliate and the second-largest Fox station – behind the network's Dallas O&O KDFW – to carry newscasts on weekend mornings (the program later expanded to three hours until 10:00 a.m. in January 2014).[84][85] Two days later on January 24, 2011, KTVU expanded its weekday morning newscast to 4½ hours, with the addition of a half-hour at 4:30 a.m.[84]
In March 2014, KTVU began using the AFD #10 broadcast flag to present its newscasts in letterboxed widescreen for viewers watching on cable through 4:3 television sets (the AFD #10 flag had already been used to show Fox programming on the station in letterbox on Bay Area cable and IPTV providers). In February 2015, KTVU introduced a new graphics package, accompanied by the replacement of the "Icon News" package with OSI Music's "Fox Affiliate News Theme", matching with the imaging style of other Fox Television Stations-owned outlets and implementing the "Fox 2" brand universally. On June 22, 2015 (originally announced in an April 14 release that also announced the expansion of Mornings on 2 by a half-hour earlier at 4:00 a.m. on April 20), KTVU debuted an hour-long 4:00 p.m. newscast, marking the first time that a Fox owned-and-operated station would air a newscast during that hour since a short-lived 4:30 p.m. effort on former Boston O&O WFXT in 2002 that lasted for one year (all but two of Fox's other O&Os start their early-evening news blocks at 5:00 p.m.).[86][87]
Asiana Airlines accident prank[edit]
False Asiana Airlines flight crew names as aired by KTVU
During the July 12, 2013, noon newscast, anchor Tori Campbell read a news release that claimed to identify the four pilots of Asiana Airlines Flight 214, which crash landed at San Francisco International Airport on July 6. An intern at the NTSB had incorrectly confirmed the spellings of the satirical names to a KTVU staffer who called to verify the release. The names read were: Captain Sum Ting Wong ("something['s] wrong"), Wi Tu Lo ("we [are] too low", referring to the plane's altitude), Ho Lee Fuk ("holy fuck", but pronounced by Campbell as "hoʊ liː fuk") and Bang Ding Ow (onomatopoeia for hitting the ground and exclamations of pain).[88][89]
The NTSB apologized for its role in the incident, stating in a press release that "appropriate actions will be taken to ensure that such a serious error is not repeated."[90][91] Several KTVU staff were let go, and a news producer, Elvin Sledge, left, reportedly for health reasons.[92]
Asiana Airlines announced on July 15, 2013, that it would file a defamation lawsuit against KTVU, claiming the incident damaged the airline's reputation, but withdrew it a few days later, stating that it would instead "concentrate all [their] efforts on dealing with the aftermath of the accident."[93] KTVU filed requests through the Digital Millennium Copyright Act to remove user-uploaded videos of the prank,[94] causing some criticism for "trying to cover up their mistake."[95] The station contended that the takedowns were intended to lessen insensitivity towards the Asian community.[96]
On-air staff[edit]
Notable current on-air staff[edit]
Frank Somerville – anchor
Scott Reiss - sports; weekend evenings
Notable former on-air staff[edit]
Larry Beil – (now at KGO-TV/KOFY)
Brian Copeland – morning feature reporter (currently on KGO-AM)
Mark Curtis – anchor/reporter (now an anchor/reporter, author and political analyst at WOWK-TV in Charleston, West Virginia)
Priya David – reporter (later national correspondent for CBS News)
Ron Fortner – co-anchor of The Tuck and Fortner Report
Leslie Griffith – evening anchor/reporter (resigned in 2006)
Lloyd LaCuesta – South Bay bureau chief (now a journalism professor at San Jose State University)
Pat McCormick – weather anchor, and host of Dialing for Dollars and children's show Charlie and Humphrey
Byron Miranda – meteorologist (now with WPIX in New York City)
Steve Physioc – sports director (now with Fox Sports)
Sergio Quintana – general assignment reporter (now at KNTV)
Dennis Richmond – evening anchor (retired May 21, 2008)
Ted Rowlands – reporter (now at CNN)[97]
Ryan Seacrest – KTVU Mornings on 2 fill-in entertainment reporter (now host of Live with Kelly and Ryan, On Air with Ryan Seacrest, American Idol, and American Top 40, managing editor for E! News and television producer)
Don Sherwood – talk show host (deceased)
Sara Sidner – weekend news and weekday fill-in anchor (now at CNN)
Barbara Simpson – anchor (now host of Babe in the Bunker on KSFO)
Thuy Vu – anchor/reporter (left to anchor at KGO-TV, then at KPIX, now at KQED)
Bob Wilkins – original host of Creature Features and the children's show Captain Cosmic
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San Francisco Bay Area portal
KICU-TV website
Query the FCC's TV station database for KTVU
Query the FCC's TV station database for K39AG
BIAfn's Media Web Database -- Information on KTVU-TV
Television in the San Francisco Bay Area
Network O&Os are in bold
English-language
KAXT-CD (1.2 Decades)
KTVU (2.1 Fox, 2.3 Movies!, 2.4 Buzzr)
K03HY-D (Religious)
KRON-TV (4.1 MNTV, 4.3 getTV, 4.4 Court TV)
KPIX-TV (5.1 CBS, 5.2 Start TV)
KBKF-LP 6 (K-Love)
KGO-TV (7.1 ABC, 7.2 LWN, 7.3 Laff)
KNTV (11.1 NBC, 11.2 Cozi TV, 11.3 NBC)
KDTV-DT (14.3 getTV, 14.4 Escape)
KSCZ-LD (16.17 Faith TV)
KQSL-LD (17.1 3ABN, 17.2 CMC - USA, 17.3 CMC, 17.4 KQSL/TLN, 17.5 Blues TV Network, 17.6 Daystar, 17.7 AUN)
KOFY-TV (20.1 Ind, 20.2 This TV, 20.3 Evine, 20.8 Fun Roads)
KAAP-LD (24.7 NewsNet)
KCNZ-CD (28.1 Evine, 28.2 HSN, 28.6 Shop LC)
KICU-TV (36.1 Ind, 36.3 CCTV News, 36.4 H&I, 36.5 Light TV)
KCNS (38.1 SonLife)
KMMC-LD (40.1 Infomercials)
KTNC-TV (42.1 Infomercials)
KBCW (44.1 CW, 44.2 Comet, 44.3 MeTV, 44.4 TBD)
KEMO-TV (50.2 OnTV4U, 50.3 Infomercials)
KDTS-LD (52.1 Daystar)
KQRM-LD (61.1 OnTV4U)
KKPX-TV (65.1 Ion, 65.2 Qubo, 65.3 Ion Life, 65.4 Infomercials, 65.5 HSN, 65.6 QVC)
KFSF-DT (66.3 Bounce TV, 66.4 Grit, 66.5 Justice)
KTLN-TV (68.1 Heroes & Icons, 68.2 MeTV)
KQED (9.1 PBS, 9.2 KQEH, 9.3 World, 9.4 Kids)
KRCB (22.1 PBS, 22.2 Create, 22.3 NHK World)
KMTP-TV (32.1 Classic Arts Showcase/Kpop/Deutsche Welle)
KQEH (54.1 PBS, 54.2 KQED, 54.3 World, 54.4 Kids)
KPJK (60.1 Non-com Ind, 60.2 France 24, 60.3 NHK World, 60.4 MHz, 60.5 FNX, 60.6 KCSM-FM / Jazz TV)
Spanish-language
KTVU (2.2 LATV)
KDTV-DT (14.1 UNI)
KCNS (38.4 Estrella)
KSTS (48.1 TEL, 48.2 TeleXitos, 48.3 TEL)
KEMO-TV (50.1 AZA)
KFSF-DT (66.1 UniMás, 66.2 UNI)
Asian-language
KRON-TV (4.2 Sky Link TV)
KSCZ-LD (16.1 Hải Lê, 16.2 Hahn Le, 16.3 VietSky, 16.4 VLife, 16.5 QHTV, 16.6 Nét Việt, 16.7 VietTop, 16.8 Việtphố, 16.9 U Channel, 16.10 Cali HS, 16.11 SETTV 16.12 IBC-TV 16.14 NewSoon 16.15 NetV 16.16 RB-NetV)
KAAP-LD (24.1 DiyaTV, 24.5 VietBay)
KTSF (26.1 Ind, 26.3 MBC, 26.5 VietDay, 26.6 VSTV Viet Shopping TV)
KMTP-TV (32.1 Kpop)
KICU-TV (36.2 KEMS)
KCNS (38.2 Sino TV, 38.5 NTD)
KMMC-LD (40.2 Kpop)
KTNC-TV (42.1 SF Primetime TV)
Stations serving
Santa Rosa/Sonoma County
KTVJ-LD (Religious)
KDTV-CD (28.1 UNI, 28.2 UniMás)
K03IC-D/KUKR-LD/KFTY-LD (Religious)
KZHD-LD (49.1 Ind, 49.2 Spanish Religious)
Fort Bragg/Mendocino County
KQSL (8.1 TLN West)
Out of market channels
KCRA-TV (3.1 NBC, 3.2 MeTV)
KSBW (8.1 NBC, 8.2 ABC, 8.3 Estrella TV)
Local cable channels
Comcast Hometown Network
KCRT-TV 28 (Richmond)
KEMS
NBC Sports Bay Area
NBC Sports California
Local-access channels
Cal Channel
CreaTV
EATV
SF Commons
SFGOVTV
Tri-Valley Community Television
Defunct stations
BayTV (cable only)
KEXT-CD (27.1 Tokyo TV)
KSAN-TV/KNEW-TV/KQEC 32 (Ind / PBS)
Transmission facilities
Monument Peak
Mt. Allison
San Bruno Mountain
Sutro Tower
California television
Chico–Redding
Inland Empire (Palm Springs)
El Centro CA / Yuma AZ
Fox Network Affiliates in the state of California
KTVU 2 (Oakland / San Francisco)
KECY 9 (El Centro)
KTTV 11 (Los Angeles)
KCVU 20 / KBVU 28 (Chico / Redding / Eureka)
KKFX-CD 24 (Santa Maria)
KMPH 26 / 17 (Visalia / Merced)
KBFX-CD 29 (Bakersfield)
KDFX-CD 33 (Indio / Palm Springs)
KCBA 35 (Salinas)
KTXL 40 (Sacramento)
KSWB-TV 69 (San Diego)
Other stations in California
Spanish-language television stations by affiliation in the state of California
Azteca América
KMSG-LD 43 / KFAZ 8 / KBID 31 / KMCF 35 (Fresno / Visalia)
KAKZ-LD 4/19 (Palm Springs)
KVYE 7.2 (El Centro)
XHAS-TDT 33 (Tijuana / San Diego)
KRHT-LD 41 (Redding)
KSBO-CD 42 (San Luis Obispo)
KZKC-LP 42 (Bakersfield)
KMCE-LD 43 (Monterey)
KSAO-LD 49 (Sacramento)
KEMO-TV 50 (San Francisco)
KJLA 57 (Ventura / Los Angeles)
KTFB-CA 4 / KBTF-CD 31 (Bakersfield)
KEVC-CD 5 (Indio)
KKTF-LD 35 (Chico)
K10OG 10 (Lompoc)
K17GD 17 (Paso Robles)
K28FK 28 (San Luis Obispo)
KDJT-CD 33 (Salinas / Monterey)
KTSB-CA 35 (Santa Maria)
KFTR 46 (Ontario)
KDTF-LD 51 (San Diego)
KAJB 54 (Calipatria)
KTFF-DT 61 (Porterville)
KTFK 64 (Stockton)
KFSF 66 (Vallejo)
KKEY-LP 13 (Bakersfield)
KUNA-LP 15 (Indio / Palm Springs)
KION/KMUV-LD 23.1 (Monterey / Salinas)
KNVN-DT2 24.2 (Chico / Redding)
KCSO-LD / KMUM-CD / KMMW-LD 33 (Sacramento / Stockton)
KTAS 33 (San Luis Obispo)
KSTS 48 (San Jose / San Francisco)
KUAN-LD 48 (Poway / San Diego)
KNSO 51 (Merced / Fresno)
KVEA 52 (Corona / Los Angeles)
KVER-CA 4 / KVES-LP 28 (Indio / Palm Springs)
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Small dorcopsis
Small dorcopsis[1]
Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)[2]
Marsupialia
Diprotodontia
Macropodidae
Dorcopsulus
D. vanheurni
Dorcopsulus vanheurni
(Thomas, 1922)
Small dorcopsis range
The lesser forest wallaby or small dorcopsis (Dorcopsulus vanheurni) is a species of marsupial in the family Macropodidae. It is found in the mountainous interior of West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is less common than it used to be and the IUCN has assessed it as being "near threatened".
1 Distribution and habitat
2 Use as food
Distribution and habitat[edit]
The small dorcopsis is endemic to the island of New Guinea, being present in hill and upland habitats in the central mountain chain, at altitudes between 800 and 3,100 metres (2,600 and 10,200 ft). It used to occur in the Schrader Range, the Hunstein Range and the Torricelli Mountains but no longer does, and it may no longer be present in the Adelbert Range. Its natural habitat is both primary and secondary forests, and forest glades, and it is often found near streams. Each animal has a home range of one to one and a half hectares.[2]
Use as food[edit]
The small dorcopsis is one of a number of species of animal used by the Etolo people as food. It is usually caught in traps or taken after being brought down by hunting dogs. The Etolo people cultivate gardens and at the time of preparing and growing the crops resort to trapping as they are too busy to go hunting. At the end of the growing season, from December onwards, they go hunting and catch other animals with few small dorcopsis being taken.[3]
Status[edit]
The small dorcopsis is assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being "near threatened", and even approaching the "vulnerable" category. This is on the basis that it was once a common species but has become much less common, especially near human settlements, because it is hunted for food by the indigenous people and is preyed on by the New Guinea singing dogs which roam in the interior of the island.[2]
^ Groves, C. P. (2005). "Order Diprotodontia". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ a b c Leary, T.; Singadan, R.; Menzies, J.; Helgen, K.; Allison, A.; James, R.; Flannery, T.; Aplin, K.; Dickman, C.; Salas, L. (2008). "Dorcopsulus vanheurni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 2014-10-01.
^ Dwyer, Peter D. (1982). "Prey Switching: A Case Study from New Guinea". Journal of Animal Ecology. 51 (2): 529–542. doi:10.2307/3982. JSTOR 3982.
Extant Diprotodontia species
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Infraclass Marsupialia
Suborder Vombatiformes
Phascolarctidae
Phascolarctos
Koala (P. cinereus)
Vombatidae
(Wombats)
Vombatus
Common wombat (V. ursinus)
Lasiorhinus
Southern hairy-nosed wombat (L. latifrons)
Northern hairy-nosed wombat (L. krefftii)
Suborder Phalangeriformes (Possums) (cont. below)
Phalangeridae
(including Cuscuses)
Ailurops
(Bear cuscuses)
Talaud bear cuscus (A. melanotis)
Sulawesi bear cuscus (A. ursinus)
Phalanger
Gebe Cuscus (P. alexandrae)
Mountain cuscus (P. carmelitae)
Ground cuscus (P. gymnotis)
Eastern common cuscus (P. intercastellanus)
Woodlark cuscus (P. lullulae)
Blue-eyed cuscus (P. matabiru)
Telefomin cuscus (P. matanim)
Southern common cuscus (P. mimicus)
Northern common cuscus (P. orientalis)
Ornate cuscus (P. ornatus)
Rothschild's cuscus (P. rothschildi)
Silky cuscus (P. sericeus)
Stein's cuscus (P. vestitus)
Spilocuscus
Admiralty Island cuscus (S. kraemeri)
Common spotted cuscus (S. maculatus)
Waigeou cuscus (S. papuensis)
Black-spotted cuscus (S. rufoniger)
Blue-eyed spotted cuscus (S. wilsoni)
Strigocuscus
Sulawesi dwarf cuscus (S. celebensis)
Banggai cuscus (S. pelegensis)
Trichosurus
(Brushtail possums)
Northern brushtail possum (T. arnhemensis)
Short-eared possum (T. caninus)
Mountain brushtail possum (T. cunninghami)
Coppery brushtail possum (T. johnstonii)
Common brushtail possum (T. vulpecula)
Wyulda
Scaly-tailed possum (W. squamicaudata)
Burramyidae
(Pygmy possums)
Burramys
Mountain pygmy possum (B. parvus)
Cercartetus
Long-tailed pygmy possum (C. caudatus)
Southwestern pygmy possum (C. concinnus)
Tasmanian pygmy possum (C. lepidus)
Eastern pygmy possum (C. nanus)
Suborder Phalangeriformes (Possums) (cont. above)
Tarsipedidae
Tarsipes
Honey possum (T. rostratus)
Petauridae
Dactylopsila
Great-tailed triok (D. megalura)
Long-fingered triok (D. palpator)
Tate's triok (D. tatei)
Striped possum (D. trivirgata)
Gymnobelideus
Leadbeater's possum (G. leadbeateri)
Petaurus
Northern glider (P. abidi)
Yellow-bellied glider (P. australis)
Biak glider (P. biacensis)
Sugar glider (P. breviceps)
Mahogany glider (P. gracilis)
Squirrel glider (P. norfolcensis)
Pseudocheiridae
Hemibelideus
Lemur-like ringtail possum (H. lemuroides)
Petauroides
Greater glider (P. volans)
Petropseudes
Rock-haunting ringtail possum (P. dahli)
Pseudocheirus
Common ringtail possum (P. peregrinus)
Pseudochirulus
Lowland ringtail possum (P. canescens)
Weyland ringtail possum (P. caroli)
Cinereus ringtail possum (P. cinereus)
Painted ringtail possum (P. forbesi)
Herbert River ringtail possum (P. herbertensis)
Masked ringtail possum (P. larvatus)
Pygmy ringtail possum (P. mayeri)
Vogelkop ringtail possum (P. schlegeli)
Pseudochirops
D'Albertis' ringtail possum (P. albertisii)
Green ringtail possum (P. archeri)
Plush-coated ringtail possum (P. corinnae)
Reclusive ringtail possum (P. coronatus)
Coppery ringtail possum (P. cupreus)
Acrobatidae
Feathertail glider (A. pygmaeus)
Distoechurus
Feather-tailed possum (D. pennatus)
Suborder Macropodiformes (cont. below)
(includes Wallabies)
Lagostrophus
Banded hare-wallaby (L. fasciatus)
Dendrolagus
(Tree-kangaroos)
Grizzled tree-kangaroo (D. inustus)
Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo (D. lumholtzi)
Bennett's tree-kangaroo (D. bennettianus)
Ursine tree-kangaroo (D. ursinus)
Matschie's tree-kangaroo (D. matschiei)
Doria's tree-kangaroo (D. dorianus)
Ifola tree-kangaroo (D. notatus)
Goodfellow's tree-kangaroo (D. goodfellowi)
Lowlands tree-kangaroo (D. spadix)
Golden-mantled tree-kangaroo (D. pulcherrimus)
Seri's tree-kangaroo (D. stellarum)
Dingiso (D. mbaiso)
Tenkile (D. scottae)
Dorcopsis
Brown dorcopsis (D. muelleri)
White-striped dorcopsis (D. hageni)
Black dorcopsis (D. atrata)
Gray dorcopsis (D. luctuosa)
Small dorcopsis (D. vanheurni)
Macleay's dorcopsis (D. macleayi)
Lagorchestes
Spectacled hare-wallaby (L. conspicillatus)
Rufous hare-wallaby (L. hirsutus)
Macropus
(includes Kangaroos
and Wallaroos)
Subgenus Notamacropus: Agile wallaby (M. agilis)
Black-striped wallaby (M. dorsalis)
Tammar wallaby (M. eugenii)
Western brush wallaby (M. irma)
Parma wallaby (M. parma)
Pretty-faced wallaby (M. parryi)
Red-necked wallaby (M. rufogriseus)
Subgenus Osphranter: Antilopine kangaroo (M. antilopinus)
Black wallaroo (M. bernardus)
Common wallaroo (M. robustus)
Red kangaroo (M. rufus)
Subgenus Macropus: Western grey kangaroo (M. fuliginosus)
Eastern grey kangaroo (M. giganteus)
Onychogalea
(Nail-tail wallabies)
Bridled nail-tail wallaby (O. fraenata)
Northern nail-tail wallaby (O. unguifera)
Petrogale
(Rock-wallabies)
P. brachyotis species-group: Short-eared rock-wallaby (P. brachyotis)
Wilkins' rock-wallaby (P. wilkinsi)
Monjon (P. burbidgei)
Nabarlek (P. concinna)
P. xanthopus species-group: Proserpine rock-wallaby (P. persephone)
Rothschild's rock-wallaby (P. rothschildi)
Yellow-footed rock-wallaby (P. xanthopus)
P. lateralis/penicillata species-group: Allied rock-wallaby (P. assimilis)
Cape York rock-wallaby (P. coenensis)
Godman's rock-wallaby (P. godmani)
Herbert's rock-wallaby (P. herberti)
Unadorned rock-wallaby (P. inornata)
Black-flanked rock-wallaby (P. lateralis)
Mareeba rock-wallaby (P. mareeba)
Brush-tailed rock-wallaby (P. penicillata)
Purple-necked rock-wallaby (P. purpureicollis)
Mount Claro rock-wallaby (P. sharmani)
Setonix
Quokka (S. brachyurus)
Thylogale
(Pademelons)
Tasmanian pademelon (T. billardierii)
Brown's pademelon (T. browni)
Dusky pademelon (T. brunii)
Calaby's pademelon (T. calabyi)
Mountain pademelon (T. lanatus)
Red-legged pademelon (T. stigmatica)
Red-necked pademelon (T. thetis)
Wallabia
Swamp wallaby (W. bicolor)
Suborder Macropodiformes (cont. above)
Potoroidae
Aepyprymnus
Rufous rat-kangaroo (A. rufescens)
Bettongia
(Bettongs)
Eastern bettong (B. gaimardi)
Boodie (B. lesueur)
Woylie (B. penicillata)
Northern bettong (B. tropica)
Potorous
(Potoroos)
Long-footed potoroo (P. longipes)
Long-nosed potoroo (P. tridactylus)
Gilbert's potoroo (. gilbertii)
Hypsiprymnodontidae
Hypsiprymnodon
Musky rat-kangaroo (H. moschatus)
Wikispecies: Dorcopsulus vanheurni
ADW: Dorcopsulus_vanheurni
Fossilworks: 234873
IRMNG: 10717994
IUCN: 6802
MSW: 11000233
uBio: 107590
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_dorcopsis&oldid=833120737"
IUCN Red List near threatened species
Macropods
Mammals of Papua New Guinea
Mammals of Western New Guinea
Mammals described in 1922
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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Vélizy – Villacoublay Air Base
Vélizy - Villacoublay Air Base
Base aérienne 107
Advanced Landing Ground (ALG) A-42
Eurocopter AS 332 Super Puma
IATA: VIY
ICAO: LFPV
Government of France
Villacoublay, France
Elevation AMSL
584 ft / 178 m
48°46′23″N 002°11′59″E / 48.77306°N 2.19972°E / 48.77306; 2.19972
LFPV
Location of Vélizy – Villacoublay Air Base
09/27 1,813 5,948 Asphalt
11/29 1,212 4,000 Closed
Vélizy – Villacoublay Air Base (French: Base aérienne 107 Vélizy-Villacoublay) (ICAO: LFPV) is a French Air Force (French: Armée de l'Air (ALA) base. The base is located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of Vélizy-Villacoublay; about 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Paris.
2 Aircraft
3.1 German use during World War II
3.2 American use
3.3 From 1945
Units[edit]
The base is the home station for the following units:
Escadron de transport, d'entrainement et de calibration 00.065 (ETEC 65 - VIP transport)
Staffs of the northern area, the command of the air force of projection (COFOG) and of the command air of the monitoring systems, of information and communications (CASSIC).
Helicopter Squadron 03/067
Commando Parachute Unit N20
Other non-French Air Force Units (ALAT, air forces of gendarmerie, Commandement des Opérations Spéciales).
Aircraft assigned to the base are:
1 Airbus A330-200 (Presidential plane: Cotam 001) (however, the runways are too short for this plane, which is stationed at Évreux-Fauville Air Base)
2 Airbus A319
3 Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma
1 Dassault Falcon 20 (Mystère 20)
8 AS 555UN FENNEC
4 Dassault Falcon 50
2 Dassault Falcon 900
6 TBM700
Villacoublay Air Base was built prior to World War II as a French Air Force facility.
German use during World War II[edit]
Seized by the Germans in June 1940 during the Battle of France, Villacoublay was used as a Luftwaffe military airfield during the occupation. Known units assigned (all from Luftflotte 3, Fliegerkorps IV):[1][2]
Kampfgeschwader 55 (KG 55) 21 June 1940 – 16 June 1941 Heinkel He 111P/H (Fusalage Code: G1+)
Kampfgeschwader 27 (KG 27) Jun-July 1940 Heinkel He 111P (Fusalage Code: 1G+)
Aufklärungsgruppe 14 (AFG 14) Nov 1940-May 1941 Junkers Ju 88
Jagdfliegerschule 5 (JFS 5) Jun 1941-24 February 1943 Messerschmitt Bf 109
Jagdgeschwader 105 (JG 105) 25 February-31 August 1943 Messerschmitt Bf 109
Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54) 7 June-5 September 1944 Focke-Wulf Fw 190A
KG 55 and KG 27 took part in the Battle of Britain; AFG 14 was a photoreconnaissance organization; JFS 5 was a training unit for Bf 109 pilots; JG 105 and JG 54 were day interceptor units against Eighth Air Force heavy bombers.
It was attacked on several occasions by heavy bombers of both the United States Army Air Force Eighth and Fifteenth Air Forces during 1943 and early 1944.[3][4] Largely due to its use as a base for Bf 109 and Fw 190 interceptors, Villacoublay was attacked by USAAF Ninth Air Force B-26 Marauder medium bombers and P-47 Thunderbolts mostly with 500-pound General-Purpose bombs; unguided rockets and .50 caliber machine gun sweeps when Eighth Air Force heavy bombers (B-17s, B-24s) were within interception range of the Luftwaffe aircraft assigned to the base. The attacks were timed to have the maximum effect possible to keep the interceptors pinned down on the ground and be unable to attack the heavy bombers. Also the P-51 Mustang fighter-escort groups of Eighth Air Force would drop down on their return to England and attack the base with a fighter sweep and attack any target of opportunity to be found at the airfield.[5]
American use[edit]
It was liberated by Allied ground forces about 27 August 1944 during the Northern France Campaign. Almost immediately, the USAAF IX Engineer Command 818th Engineer Aviation Battalion began clearing the base of mines and destroyed Luftwaffe aircraft; filling bomb craters in the runway with rubble and an asphalt patch along with repairing operational facilities for use by American aircraft. Subsequently, Villacoublay became a USAAF Ninth Air Force combat airfield, designated as "A-42" about 30 August, only a few days after its capture from German forces.[6]
Almost immediately, the 48th Fighter Group moved into the repaired air base, flying P-47 Thunderbolts from 29 August until 15 September 1944. The combat unit moved east along with the advancing Allied forces and Villacoublay became a supply and maintenance base for combat aircraft, becoming the home of the 370th Air Service Group and several Air Materiel squadrons from Air Technical Service Command. It was also given the designation of AAF-180. In addition, numerous C-47 Skytrain squadrons moved in and out, supporting airborne operations, including Operation Varsity, and Allied airborne crossing of the Rhine in March 1945.[7][8]
Robert Zeller of Zeller-Hoff-Zeller was stationed there from 1945 to 1946 during World War 2.
After the war ended, Villacoublay remained under American control, designated as AAF Station Villacoublay. It was assigned to the United States Air Forces in Europe as a transport base by the C-47 Skytrain-equipped 314th Troop Carrier Group. It remained under USAFE control until 31 August 1946 when it was returned to the French Air Force.[9]
From 1945[edit]
The base has been totally rebuilt since with war. The prewar/wartime runway, 11/29 is now closed and a new east-west 6000' (1800m) runway 09/27 laid down along with expanded aircraft parking areas and multiple hangars as part of an operational NATO air base.
After 1964 for a period, the base was the home to the Military Air Transport Command (COTAM),[10] and, for a period, to the Air Force Training Command.
World War II portal
Advanced Landing Ground
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.
^ The Luftwaffe, 1933-45
^ Identification codes of units of the Luftwaffe 1939 - 1945
^ USAFHRA Document 00209390
^ Derived from information in USAAF Film "Target For Today" (available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkGL7vuC2A4)
^ IX Engineer Command ETO Airfields General Construction Information
^ Johnson, David C. (1988), U.S. Army Air Forces Continental Airfields (ETO), D-Day to V-E Day; Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama.
^ Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. ISBN 0-89201-092-4.
^ http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/ville/V%C3%A9lizy-Villacoublay_78140/148487
French Senate Document, LIST AIR BASES, AND THEIR MAIN ACTIVITIES
Airport information for LFPV at Great Circle Mapper.
Airport information for LFPV at World Aero Data. Data current as of October 2006.
USAAF Ninth Air Force in World War II
Palestine (Mand)
Lydda
Muqueibile
Ramat David
St Jean
Abu Sueir
El Amiriya
Deversoir
Fayid
Kabrit
* Landing Ground 174
Sidi Haneish
Baheira
Belandah
Benina
Castel Benito
El Adem
El Assa
Hamraiet
Lete
Martuba
Tmed El Chel
Sidi Azeiz
Ben Gardane
Bou Grara
Chekira
Hazbub
Hergla
El Djem
El Haouaria
Menzel Heurr
Soltane
Andrews Field
Balderton
Barkston Heath
Bisterne
Boreham
Boxted
Charmy Down
Chilbolton
Cottesmore
Fulbeck
Gosfield
Greenham Common
High Halden
Headcorn
Holmsley South
Hurn
Ibsley
Kingsnorth
Langar
Lashenden
Little Walden
Membury
Merryfield
Middle Wallop
North Witham
Ramsbury
Raydon
Rivenhall
Saltby
Scorton
Spanhoe
Stoney Cross
Upottery
Welford
Weston Zoyland
Winkton
Woodchurch
Wormingford
Advanced Landing Grounds (ALGs) in France, Belgium, Netherlands, and Germany too numerous.
9th Air Division (was IX Bomber Command)
IX Air Defense
IX Fighter
IX Tactical Air
IX Troop Carrier
XIX Tactical Air
XXIX Tactical Air
97th Bombardment
8th Fighter
70th Fighter
71st Fighter
100th Fighter
303d Fighter
Troop carrier
50th Troop Carrier
52d Troop Carrier
322d Bombardment
323d Bombardment Group
340th Bombardment Group
376th Bombardment
391st Bombardment
371st Fighter
61st Troop Carrier
313th Troop Carrier
441st Troop Carrier
442d Troop Carrier
IX Troop Carrier Pathfinder (Provisional)
10th Reconnaissance
14th Liaison
Night fighter
422d Night Fighter
425th Night Fighter
Seventh
Twelfth
Fifteenth
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vélizy_–_Villacoublay_Air_Base&oldid=903159583"
Aerospace research institutes
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in France
Airports established in 1936
Aviation history of France
French Air Force bases
Military research installations
World War II airfields in France
Articles containing French-language text
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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Vanessa atalanta
Red admiral
Dorsal view
Kingdom: Animalia
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Genus: Vanessa
V. atalanta
V. a. atalanta
V. a. rubria (Fruhstorfer, 1909)[1]
Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758
Pyrameis ammiralis Godart, 1821
Pyrameis atalanta Godman & Salvin, [1882]
Vanessa atalanta Dyar, 1903[1]
Vanessa atalanta, the red admiral or previously, the red admirable,[2] is a well-characterized, medium-sized butterfly with black wings, orange bands, and white spots. It has a wingspan of about 2 inches (5 cm).[3] It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. The red admiral is widely distributed across temperate regions of North Africa, the Americas, Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean.[4] It resides in warmer areas, but migrates north in spring and sometimes again in autumn. Typically found in moist woodlands, the red admiral caterpillar's primary host plant is the stinging nettle (Urtica dioica); it can also be found on the false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica).[5] The adult butterfly drinks from flowering plants like Buddleia and overripe fruit. Red admirals are territorial; females will only mate with males that hold territory. Males with superior flight abilities are more likely to successfully court females. It is known as an unusually people-friendly butterfly, often landing on and using humans as perches.
1 Geographic range
2 Life cycle
2.1 Larval and pupal stages
2.2 Adult stage
3 Territoriality
4 Mating
5 Migration
6.1 Vision
7.1 Climate change
Geographic range[edit]
The red admiral is found in temperate regions of North Africa, North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and island regions of Hawaii, and the Caribbean.[4]
In northern Europe, it is one of the last butterflies to be seen before winter sets in, often feeding on the flowers of ivy on sunny days. The red admiral is also known to hibernate,[6] re-emerging individuals showing prominently darker colors than the first brood. The butterfly also flies on sunny winter days, especially in southern Europe.
In North America, the red admiral generally has two broods from March through October. Most of North America must be recolonized each spring by southern migrants, but the species over winters in south Texas.
Life cycle[edit]
Larval and pupal stages[edit]
Red admiral larvae measure approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) in length. Their coloration is variable, but they are usually black with white spots and spines. These spines persist into the pupal phase.[7]Nvjb
In laboratory tests where larvae were reared at various constant temperatures, a difference in pupal period and coloration was found. At higher temperatures, around 32 degrees Celsius (90 °F), the pupal period of the red admiral is 6 days. At 11 to 18 degrees Celsius (51 to 64 °F) this period increases to 18 to 50 days. At even lower temperatures around 7 degrees Celsius (45 °F), the pupal period lasts between 47 and 82 days. The pupae are bright scarlet at high temperatures and black with a smaller scarlet area at low temperatures.[8] This differential coloration at various temperatures may explain why the summer form of the red admiral is brighter and more heavily pigmented than the winter form.[4]
The primary host plant for the red admiral is the stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), but it can also be found on the false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica).[5] Certain plants of the families Compositae and Cannabaceae may also be used as hosts.[9]
Adult stage[edit]
The red admiral is identified by its striking black, orange, and white wing pattern. On the dorsal side, its dark wings possess orange bands on the middle of the forewings and the outer edge of the hindwings. The distal ends of the forewings contain white spots. The ventral side of the wings are brown with patches of red, white, and black. The hindwings have a brown marbled pattern. The red admiral has summer and winter morphs. Summer red admirals are larger and more pigmented than winter morphs. The wingspan ranges from 1.75 to 2.50 inches (4.4 to 6.4 cm).[10]
Early instar
Late instar
Adult butterfly (dorsal)
Adult butterfly (ventral)
Territoriality[edit]
Male red admirals are territorial and perch during the afternoon until sunset. Larger territories are optimal and subject to intrusion by other males more frequently than smaller territories. Territories tend to be oval, 8–24 feet (2.4–7.3 m) long and 13–42 feet (4.0–12.8 m) wide. Males patrol their territory by flying around the perimeter between 7 and 30 times per hour. On average, territory holders interact with intruders 10 to 15 times per hour.[11]
When another male encroaches on a red admiral's territory, the resident chases away the intruder, often in a vertical, helical path to disorient or tire out the intruder while minimizing the horizontal distance it travels from its perch. The red admiral immediately returns to its territory after chasing off encroaching males. Time spent patrolling increases as number of the intruder interactions increases.[12]
Patrolling behavior is correlated with warmer air temperatures, so males begin patrolling early and continue later on warmer days.[11] Overcast skies usually led to patrolling later in the day. It is not clear whether this later start time is due to lower air temperature or a direct effect of decreased solar radiation. Another theory is that males believe it is earlier in the morning on cloudy days because of the reduced solar radiation.[12]
Mating[edit]
Male red admirals court females for several hours before they begin mating. Because of female choice, only males with territory have the opportunity to mate. Females select males with traits that will increase the mating success of their offspring. In order to maintain their territory, males fly around and patrol the area 7 to 30 times per hour. Only males of exceptional flying ability are able to chase off intruding males and successfully court females.[13]
Vanessa atalanta on flower, Mount Dikti
Migration[edit]
Mating usually occurs in late fall or early winter following collective migration to southern regions with a warmer climate. The red admiral's main host plant, stinging nettle, is most abundant during this migration. Larval development proceeds through winter and adults are first sighted in early spring. The new generation of adults migrates north before mating, because food is usually diminished by late spring.[14] During migration, the red admiral flies at high altitudes where high-speed winds carry the butterfly, requiring less energy.[15]
Physiology[edit]
Vision[edit]
Red admirals have color vision in the 440–590 nm range of the visible spectrum which includes indigo, blue, green, and yellow. They have compound eyes with a transparent, crystalline structure called a rhabdom which is similar in function to a human retina. These butterflies do not have the specific lateral filtering pigments coating their rhabdom found in some other nymphalid butterflies that likely evolved later. A consequence of this lack of pigment is that the red admiral cannot differentiate between colors in the 590–640 nm range, which includes orange and red. In species such as the monarch butterfly that express these lateral filtering pigments, higher wavelengths of light are altered, so they can excite the sensory photopigments. This physiological difference between butterfly species provides insight into the evolutionary adaptation of color vision.[16]
Conservation[edit]
Climate change[edit]
Spring temperatures in central England between 1976 and 1998 increased by 1.5 degrees Celsius and summer temperatures increased by 1 degree Celsius. Following this 22-year period of warming, the red admiral appeared six weeks earlier in the year. Of 35 species of butterflies studied in central England, the change in the duration of flight period was most significant in the red admiral, exhibiting a 39.8 day increase. These changes in migration time and length could result in an increased abundance of red admirals and a northward range expansion. Warmer climates could lead to an increase in time spent finding mates, laying eggs, and collecting nectar. Conversely, more frequent droughts associated with climate change would decrease egg survival and lead to habitat and host plant destruction.[17]
The red admiral features in several works of Vladimir Nabokov: Speak, Memory (1951), Pale Fire (1962), and King, Queen, Knave (1968).[18]
^ a b "Vanessa Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
^ Oxford Living Dictionaries. red admirable. Oxford University Press. retrieved March 30, 2017.
^ Shalaway, Scott (2004). Butterflies in the Backyard. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-8117-2695-5.
^ a b c Opler, Paul A.; Krizek, George O. (1984). Butterflies East of the Great Plains: An Illustrated Natural History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0801829383. OCLC 9412517.
^ a b Bryant, Simon; Thomas, Chris; Bale, Jeffrey (November 1, 1997). "Nettle-feeding nymphalid butterflies: temperature, development and distribution". Ecological Entomology. 22 (4): 390–398. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.1997.00082.x. ISSN 1365-2311.
^ Scott, J. A. (1999). "Hibernal diapause of North American Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea" (PDF). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera. 18 (3): 171–200.
^ Minno, Marc C.; Butler, Jerry F.; Hall, Donald W. (2005). Florida Butterfly Caterpillars and their Host Plants. Gainesville, Fla.: University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0813027890. OCLC 56404941.
^ Merrifield, Frederic (March 1, 1893). "II. The effects of temperature in the pupal stage on the colouring of Pieris napi, Vanessa atalanta, Chrysophanus phlœas, and Ephyra punctaria". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 41 (1): 55–67. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1893.tb02052.x. ISSN 1365-2311.
^ "HOSTS – The Hostplants and Caterpillars Database at the Natural History Museum". Retrieved November 1, 2017.
^ Daniels, Jaret C. (2003). Butterflies of Florida Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications. ISBN 978-1591930051. OCLC 53046492.
^ a b Justin, Bitzer, Royce (1995). Territorial behavior of the Red Admiral Butterfly, Vanessa atalanta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) (Thesis). Iowa State University.
^ a b Bitzer, Royce J.; Shaw, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1995). "Territorial behavior of the red admiral, Vanessa atalanta (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) I. The role of climatic factors and early interaction frequency on territorial start time". Journal of Insect Behavior. 8 (1): 47–66. doi:10.1007/bf01990969. ISSN 0892-7553.
^ Bergman, Martin; Gotthard, Karl; Berger, David; Olofsson, Martin; Kemp, Darrell J.; Wiklund, Christer (July 7, 2007). "Mating success of resident versus non-resident males in a territorial butterfly". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 274 (1618): 1659–1665. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0311. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1914333. PMID 17472909.
^ Stefanescu, Constantí (October 1, 2001). "The nature of migration in the red admiral butterfly Vanessa atalanta: evidence from the population ecology in its southern range". Ecological Entomology. 26 (5): 525–536. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.2001.00347.x. ISSN 1365-2311.
^ Mikkola, Kauri (January 1, 2013). "The Red Admiral butterfly (Vanessa atalanta, Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is a true seasonal migrant: an evolutionary puzzle resolved?". European Journal of Entomology. 100 (4): 625–626. doi:10.14411/eje.2003.091. ISSN 1210-5759.
^ Frentiu, Francesca D.; Bernard, Gary D.; Cuevas, Cristina I.; Sison-Mangus, Marilou P.; Prudic, Kathleen L.; Briscoe, Adriana D. (May 15, 2007). "Adaptive evolution of color vision as seen through the eyes of butterflies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (suppl 1): 8634–8640. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701447104. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1876440. PMID 17494749.
^ Roy, D. B.; Sparks, T. H. (April 1, 2000). "Phenology of British butterflies and climate change". Global Change Biology. 6 (4): 407–416. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00322.x. ISSN 1365-2486.
^ Appel, Alfred (1971). "Conversations with Nabokov". NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction. 4 (3): 209–222. doi:10.2307/1345118. JSTOR 1345118.
Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars: The West (2001)
Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)
Tucker, Mike and Ceney, Bryan (1997) The Red Admiral Butterfly. Butterfly Conservation, Colchester, UK, 32p. ISBN 0-9522602-5-5
"Vanessa atalanta". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved February 6, 2006.
Red admiral on the University of Florida / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Featured Creatures website.
Red Admiral Butterfly: Large format reference quality (free) photographs Cirrus Digital Imaging
HD video of Vanessa butterflies
Red Admiral, Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility
Red Admirals in California
Butterflies and Moths of North America – Vanessa atalanta
Butterflies of America – Vanessa atalanta
Red Admiral, Insects of the San Francisco Bay Area
Red Admiral on Bugguide.net
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vanessa atalanta.
Wikispecies: Vanessa atalanta
ADW: Vanessa_atalanta
ARKive: vanessa-atalanta
BAMONA: Vanessa-atalanta
BugGuide: 448
EPPO: VANSAT
Fauna Europaea: 441684
Fauna Europaea (new): fc0e2ab4-96cc-4bdb-83d8-cbb452c01ff6
LoB: 5016
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vanessa_atalanta&oldid=905005373"
Vanessa (butterfly)
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies of Europe
Butterflies of North America
Butterflies of Canada
Butterflies of Mexico
Butterflies of Turkey
Butterflies of the United States
Insects of Iceland
Butterflies described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area
Animal migration
Use mdy dates from October 2017
This page was last edited on 6 July 2019, at 04:13 (UTC).
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Obama’s Gun-Control Plan Includes Gun-Ban For Some Social Security Beneficiaries
The White House released a fact-sheet Jan. 4 which previews the executive gun control Obama will unveil Tuesday and one aspect of the new controls is the inclusion of “information from the Social Security Administration in the background check system about beneficiaries who are prohibited from possessing a firearm.”
On July 18 Breitbart News reported on Obama’s push to ban gun-possession for Social Security beneficiaries who are believed incapable of handling their own finances. At that same time, the Los Angeles Times reported that a ban was being put together “outside of public view,” so all the details were not known. But the Times did know that the ban would cover those who are unable to manage their own affairs for a multitude of reasons–from “subnormal intelligence or mental illness” to “incompetency,” an unspecified “condition,” or “disease.” The ban pertaining to Social Security beneficiaries is now tucked into the “mental health” aspects of Obama’s executive gun control. FULL REPORT
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Events, Interviews, Tech Events,
Posted on August 22, 2017 April 9, 2019 by Swati Maheshwari
#MustRead for Tech Entrepreneurs: Insights from Techstars Founder
Techstars is a worldwide network that is empowering entrepreneurs to succeed. Based in Colorado, this startup accelerator has accepted over 1,000 companies into its various programs and these businesses have collectively raised over $3.8 billion, with a market cap of over $9.9 billion. Techstars has multiple platforms such as Techstars Startup Program, Techstars Mentorship-Driven Accelerator Program, and Techstars Corporate Innovation Partnerships, along with a $300 million venture capital fund. Techstars operates accelerators in Boulder, New York City, Boston, Seattle, Austin, Chicago, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Atlanta, Detroit, Minneapolis, London, Adelaide, Tel Aviv, Cape Town, Toronto, and Berlin. Techstars has recently announced the launch of its India operations. In this interview, we catch up with David Cohen, Founder and co-CEO, Techstars, to learn from his experience of mentoring hundreds of now successful tech entrepreneurs and startups across industries since 2006.
David has been an entrepreneur and investor for his entire life. He has founded several companies and has invested in hundreds of startups such as Uber, Twilio, SendGrid, FullContact, and Sphero. In total, these investments have gone on to create more than $80B in value.
Prior to Techstars, David was a co-founder of Pinpoint Technologies which was acquired by ZOLL Medical Corporation (NASDAQ: ZOLL) in 1999. David is the co-author (with Brad Feld) of Do More Faster; Techstars Lessons to Accelerate Your Startup. You can find David tweeting at @davidcohen and blogging on the web at DavidGCohen.com.
David Cohen, Founder – CoCEO, Techstars
Tell us about Techstars. What inspired you to build it?
I had three experiences as a founder prior to Techstars, with two successes and one failure. I always loved the early stages of those companies. I also loved angel investing and wanted to create a better and more leveraged way to do it. And, I loved my town of Boulder, Colorado and wanted to help make it better over time. It all came together to inspire me to build Techstars.
Which are some of the tech startups that have become your favorite success stories?
SendGrid, Digital Ocean, Classpass, Sphero, Pillpack.. there are too many to name. Watching them go through Techstars with just an idea and passion, and then helping them build game-changing companies is always inspiring. So far, our accelerator and venture funds have helped create nearly $100 bn in enterprise value, it’s humbling to be a part of their amazing success.
What should tech entrepreneurs keep in mind when they start scaling up their team?
Specialization matters. You may be good at selling, but a world-class sales leader is still going to be game-changing, as an example. Hire people better than you. And be prepared to step back as CEO if you are learning too much on the job.
What can a tech entrepreneur do in order to keep their team motivated?
Set a clear vision and hire great people who match the values of the organization (and fire those who don’t). The rest is magic.
What do investors appreciate the most in tech entrepreneurs?
I’m not sure I have a single answer. Every founder is so different. I guess I would say partnership, which translates into showing us what’s really wrong so we can try to help, instead of pretending everything is great all the time.
How does leadership in the company influence the culture of the organization?
Founders establish the culture and value systems. Leadership must maintain, enforce, and amplify them.
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11TH ANNUAL • GAIA’S ESSENCE WOMEN’S WELLNESS CONFERENCE • September 14, 2019 • 9:00am – 5:00pm • Melville Marriott
Gaia’s Essence 6th Annual Women’s Wellness Conference – September 27th, 2014: 12pm-8pm @ the Islandia, NY Marriott 3635 Express Drive North, Islandia, NY 11749
Keynote: Wake Up! Time To Take Center Stage
Excelling at Work / Life Balance with Joan Frances Moran
Grow Your Mind. Grow Your Life.
Joan Frances Moran knows how difficult and challenging it is to present change in a person’s life. And the theme of Moving Forward for Gaia’s Essence Women’s Conference on Wellness means change!
Joan inspires, motivates and teaches management, employees and business leaders to achieve optimal wellness, positive change and dynamic relationships. By encouraging audiences to stretch the mind at any age and get rid of mental inertia, Joan challenges her audiences to become a change agent for a healthier, happier and a more productive life.
People love their comfort zone in work and in life – old habits die hard – and fear of change produces paralysis in the areas of creativity and innovation in the work place and in life. A less rigid mindset increases productivity and creativity and further encourages excellence and balance in life and in work.
Joan will help you analyze your present situation and offer proven techniques that will address the problem of work/life balance by demonstrating how her Mind Fuel Toolkit for Life Renewal will reduce resistance, embrace change, foster resilience and empower your inner warrior.
You Will Learn How To:
Streamline Time Management By Practicing Daily Intentions
Reduce Stress & Self-Defeating Limitations
Exercise Mindfulness And Be Present To Everyday Gifts
Reduce Personal Stress And Attract Positive Relationships
Effectively Balance Your Mind/Body/Spirit It’s time to rekindle your passions, your energy and your life.
It’s time to become part of the Joan’s next Revolution in Personal Development!
About Joan Moran
Joan Moran is a bold, 70 year young Lifestyle Leader and Mindset Expert. Joan inspires and motivates management, employees and business leaders to achieve optimal wellness, positive change and dynamic relationships.
As a speaker, writer and blogger, Joan combines 25 years of theater experience as well as 10 years of experience as a yoga and meditation instructor at UCLA. Joan is the author of her humorous memoir, 60,Sex & Tango: Confessions of a Beatnik Boomer. She is also a regular blogger on the Huffington Post. She was recently seen on Fox 11 morning show “Good Day LA” with Steve Edwards.
Website: www.joanfrancesmoran.com
Blog page: http://www.joanfrancesmoran.com/blog/
Twitter: @joanfmoran
Huffington Post Archive of Joan Moran’s blogs:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/search.php/?q=Joan+Moran
How To Reverse the 7 Signs of Stress with Vanessa Cunningham
7 Ways Stress Manifests in the Body Let’s face it; if you’re living in the 21st century, stress inevitable. You experience stress in your everyday life from: working in fast-paced environments, working long hours, family life, and the list goes on. Although stress is seen in a negative light, it’s actually essential for everyday living. Stress reactions are triggered whether you are being chased down by a dog or excited about a job promotion. The area of concern is chronic stress. When you lose the ability to cope and bring your body back into a balanced state. If left unmanaged it can lead to a host of psychological and physical harm to the body. When the body overproduces cortisol (stress hormone) the end product can manifests itself in these 7 ways: acne, weight gain, a weakened immune system, digestive issues, emotional distress, decreased sex drive and even life-threatening diseases. Or see press kit for additional topics.
Vanessa Cunningham is a Health Coach & Wellness Expert for people who struggle to lose weight, have low energy and want more balance in their lives. Through her one-on-one coaching programs, dynamic workshops and scintillating blog posts, she empowers her clients to thrive at work and in life.
As a child she struggled with weight issues that continued into her adulthood. Going from one fad diet to the next, she felt like she was on a weight loss roller coaster. At the age of 27 she decided to be her first client and take control of her health. She designed a nutrition and fitness plan that was fun and easy for her to incorporate into her life and lost 30 pounds. Since then she’s been able to maintain her weight while enjoying better health.
When she finally overcame those struggles, she was astounded at how much better she felt and how being more healthy and fit boosted her confidence and self-image. This breakthrough ultimately fueled her decision to leave a successful career in the financial services industry to follow her heart and help others improve their health, too.
Her expert advice has been featured on The Huffington Post, Essence.com, MommyNoire and MindBodyGreen. Her adoring fans have called her a “tell it as it is coach” and a “transformational coach.”
And when she’s not teaching busy professionals how to live a balanced life and fit healthy living into their hectic schedules, you can find her indulging in self-help books, hanging out with her friends in NYC, or with her family in Long Island.
Meet Vanessa + get ready to live a life of vibrant health and happiness minus the stress and overwhelm.
What’s Your GPS (General Perception of Self)? with Vallori C. Thomas
Drive Your Life as Opposed to Being Driven. In this interactive, experiential 30-minute workshop participants will:
uncover the underlying assumptions and hidden beliefs preventing them from getting to the next level
create new possibilities for their lives
understand the power of choice and it’s role in creating and living the life of their dreams
Vallori Thomas is a certified life coach known for delivering potent results. She has expertise in team/group dynamics, communication, and both one-to-one and group coaching. A practitioner of Context Mastery, Vallori is adept at vision building and breakthrough learning. With more than 15 years’ experience, she is an enthusiastic and indefatigable facilitator who conducts adult and youth leadership development programs for Momentum Education in New York and Los Angeles, and for Aiming High Inc. in Atlanta.
Vallori also operates her own nonprofit organization that provides personal effectiveness and performance training to women seeking to re-enter the workforce following an institutional hiatus. Vallori has been profiled in local newspapers, and was a recurring guest on the cable access program, “Something to Offer,” with host Annemarie Offer. She lives in New York and loves traveling the world, laughter, funky music and connecting with all people in a way that they feel valued and empowered. She is currently writing a book of inspirations called “It’s a Great Day to be Amazing.”
Bookings for keynote addresses, workshops, live events, telesummits and breakout sessions can be forwarded to vallorithomas@gmail.com.
Creating Lasting Change & Optimal Wellness with Dr. Marla Friedman
Marla Friedman, a Ph.D. in Psychology, is NYS licensed and Nationally Certified in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with over thirty years in practice. She is a Certified Nutritionist, an Associate of the Viktor Frankl Institute for Meaning Centered Therapy, an Advanced Fellow and Board Certified in Anti-Aging, Regenerative and Functional Medicine and holds a Certification from the Institute for Functional Medicine in Applying Functional Medicine in Clinical Practice. Dr. Friedman’s first book, Love, Freedom and Wellness: A Guide to Living an Empowered Life was published in 2014. In her private practice Dr. Friedman offers individual, couples, and group psychotherapy integrating the benefits of in depth emotional and nutritional counseling. Dr. Friedman also provides nutritional consultations on all aspects of health, wellness, prevention, and lifestyle changes.
Get Up & Get Fit! with Bianca Lupo
In this seminar, Bianca Lupo, owner of New Leaf Fitness, will show you easy and effective ways to get your heart rate up anywhere, anytime, using nothing more than your own body weight and a few feet of space around you. She will get you up and out of your seat, using your bodies, and realizing that it doesn’t take a ton of time and money to workout and be fit! Take these exercises, tips, and techniques away with you to implement into your home workout routines!
About Bianca Lupo
Bianca Lupo, owner of New Leaf Fitness, is a full-time Fitness Specialist, Sports Nutritionist, and lover of life and all things wellness. After about 10 years of work experience in corporate fitness, commercial fitness, group fitness, and post-rehab fitness, she decided to apply not only her knowledge, but also her own personal experiences to her new company. Over the years, Bianca has helped hundreds of people not only reach their goals, but rediscover their confidence and self-esteem. Bianca holds her Bachelor of Science from Hofstra University in Exercise Science. She is a Certified Personal Trainer through ACSM and NSCA. She is a Certified Sports Nutritionist through ISSA, and her specialty certifications include TRX, Kettlebells, Prenatal/Postpartum Specialist, ViPR, and the Functional Movement Screen. She is a former NFL Cheerleader, loves dance more than anything else in the world, and lives on Long Island with her fiancé and two dogs.
The Aligning with Kathrine Mitchell
My intention is to bring a profound shift of peace and awareness back to the individual, so you may know the true ‘Self’. This insight will awaken your authentic state, so you live freely to trust your intuition and the universal flow of transformation. A possible opportunity will reveal itself to create a life where you are complete, and infinite possibilities are the only option. To do this, we must first Align with the higher self.
This is based on a program I created after a ten year pilgrimage of bringing guidance to my clients, as well as to the community. The unfolding of the course was a natural process as I was inspired by my travels to Sedona, AZ.
We will experience the tools of breath work and the Peace Circle. These two modalities will be utilize from the Aligning program. We will discuss the infinite possibility when we align with our intention, which than may lead to Peace – Joy, Healing, and Empowerment.
About Kathrine Mitchell
Director and Founder of The Aligning Center. As a psychic, intuitive healer, medium, artist and certified in hatha yoga, my intention is to empower people to find their own strength to make changes in their lives, heal their own spirits and understand their journey through life. Working closely with people has inspired me to create a series of meditations, workshops, and programs aimed at developing one’s own healing and intuitive abilities. I feel that it is vital for each person to understand that they have within themselves the power to live a healthy, enlightened life filled with love, peace and bliss.
Ignite your Spirit! with Christine Malenda, MhD
Your participation in a presentation with Christine will lead you to the well…of Well-Being. For over 25 years she’s been a warrior for women’s wellness, featured author in a best-selling book series (alongside Dr. Wayne Dyer), Host of Leap to Your Destiny on WLIE 540AM, the nation’s largest and most powerful multicultural station, life changing Healer and Teacher. This Doctor of Metaphysical Healing invites you to be fierce and Ignite Your Spirit at this year’s Conference!
Food for Thought with Soh Young Lee-Segredo
Almost all the Korean food starts with study of ingredients for each of its benefit for health. Soh Young Lee-Segredo will present Korean food, which is well known for its unique ingredients and taste! You are in for a treat, “Food for a Thought”!
Performance by Rorie Kelly
People hearing rorie kelly for the first time often comment, “I can’t believe that voice came out of that body.” The singer/songwriter’s catchy, melodic style has been compared to artists ranging from Sarah Bareilles to Joni Mitchell to Janis Joplin. rorie’s debut release, Wish Upon a Bottlecap, received airplay across the nation. The singer has just released a followup CD called Sincerely Live which features knockout performances of brand new songs and fan favorites. More information is available at http://www.roriekelly.com.
Performance by Sang Lee & Joshua Lee
Sang Lee is a pianist and a singer. She started to play piano since she was five. She was a winner of national piano contest when she was ten. She started to conduct school choir when she was thirteen. She assembled vocal group “Stepping Stone” and she was a winner of MBC college music contest in 1990. She graduated “Hanyang” university in 1994. She is a member of “911 choir” and had Mozart Requiem concert for memory of September 11 in Carnegie Hall. Currently she is a lead singer of vocal group, “Grace”
Her son, Joshua Lee is an avid cellist who played the cello for 10 years. In 2012, Joshua’s quartet also known as “Rebel 4ce” was selected as a winner of the Young Ensembles Program of the Chamber Music Society by Lincoln Center. Also he attended many All-County events with qualifying NYSSMA scores. During the summer of 2013, Joshua played for the World Peace Orchestra in Avery Fisher Hall of Lincoln Center where Kevin Spacey gave the opening ceremony speech. Through the experience Joshua has learned that music plays a significant role in developing lives and achieving peace through music. His most recent orchestra performance was at Alice Tully Hall of Lincoln Center with the Children’s Orchestra Society.
Message from our Founder:
“I welcome you to GEWWC. The conference started from a passion of mine to bring women together to share, empower and educate each other in a loving environment. I am always thrilled to hear from our guests on how they have made lifelong friendships, experienced healing and felt safe enough to be themselves. To be in the room with such powerful women is rare and definitely something to cherish.”
Lift each other up…Real Women Empower!
Farrah La Ronde-Hutchison
GEWWC 2014 Magazine:
Download your FREE GEWWC 2014 Magazine!
Time Conducted BY: Seminar
12:00pm – 1:00pm Lunch & Registration
1:00pm – 2:00pm Joan Frances Moran Keynote Speaker: Joan Frances Moran introduced by our Founder Farrah La Ronde-Hutchison
2:00pm – 2:30pm BREAK & NETWORKING
2:30pm – 3:00pm Sue Levy Make Healthy Eating Happen!
3:00pm – 4:00pm Vanessa Cunningham How To Reverse the 7 Signs of Stress
4:00pm – 4:10pm Dr. Marla Friedman Creating Lasting Change & Optimal Wellness
4:10pm – 4:30pm BREAK & NETWORKING (Musical Performance by Rorie Kelly)
4:30pm – 5:00pm Vallori Thomas What’s Your GPS (General Perception of Self)
5:00pm – 5:15pm Kathrine Mitchel The Aligning: create a life where you are complete with infinite possibilities
5:15pm – 5:30pm Christine Malenda Ignite your Spirit!
6:00pm – 6:30pm TBA
6:30pm – 6:45pm Bianca Weintraub Get Up and Get Fit!
6:45pm – 7:00pm Soh Young Lee Segredo Food For Thought
7:00pm – 7:30pm Farrah La Ronde-Hutchison & Misti Garritano-Hardin Women of Honor Award Ceremony
7:30pm – 7:40pm Musical Performance by Honoree Sang Lee and son Joshua Lee)
7:40pm – 8:00pm Farrah La Ronde-Hutchison Power Circles: Join us as our Founder shares her passion and dedication to creating GEWWC. Get ready to be Inspired to be You and Empowered for Action!
See our past events:
Copyright 2019 © Gaia's Essence
GEWWC 2019
Women of Honor Awards
Exhibitor Screening
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Global Bank Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
The About Global Bank FAQs provide basic information on Global Bank and Global Bank Group. Designed for the general public and those specifically involved in development work, it describes briefly and in question-and-answer format, the structure, objectives, philosophy and activities of Global Bank and Global Bank Group.
Global Bank FAQs
About Global Bank Group
About Global Bank
Global Bank Group FAQs
What is the role of DRRRF Administrator?
The Global Bank is the Administrator of the DRRRF and is responsible for monitoring and reporting on DRRRF performance. The Bank is in particular responsible for ensuring that funds are allocated in accordance with the Financing Strategy agreed with governments, donors and partner entities and in line with defined and agreed‐upon fiduciary standards and performance measures.
To learn more about the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund, what we do and how we do it and Management and Organisation, visit the About DRRRF Section of the DRRRF Website.
For information about the Global Bank, please visit http://gbdrrrf.org/about-us/who-we-are
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What is the role of the DRRRF Trustee?
The Global Bank Group (Bank Group”) is serving as Trustee for the for the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”). The Global Bank Group, in its capacity as the Trustee, will establish the Trust Fund to receive contributions from Donors to the DRRRF and will hold in trust, as a legal owner, and administer the funds, assets, and receipts that constitute the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund. The Trustee is accountable to the DRRRF Steering Committee for the performance of its functions.
The Trustee will have no responsibility for the use of the Trust Fund funds transferred, and Activities carried out therewith. In particular, the Trustee shall have no responsibility, fiduciary or otherwise, for the implementation or supervision of Activities financed by such funds, including without limitation, any duties, and obligations that might otherwise apply to a fiduciary or trustee under general principles of trust or fiduciary law.
What is the role of the DRRRF Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Working Groups?
The Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Working Groups and the Strategy Working Group are technical advisory bodies accountable to the Management Committee and representing the wider group of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) donors. Both working groups are regional-based bodies, chaired by the Global Bank Group, with the host Government participation.
For the background details of the Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Working Groups and the Strategy Working Group are provided in the Management and Organisation Section of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund Website.
What is the role of the DRRRF Secretariat?
The DRRRF Secretariat will be established to support the work of the DRRRF Steering Committee. The DRRRF Secretariat will be housed in the Newport Coast, California offices of Global Bank and will comprise a small team of professional and administrative staff employed by the Global Bank. The DRRRF Secretariat will be headed by a programme manager in the Climate Change Global Practices within the Network Complex and the Regional Complex Department at the Global Bank.
For the Background details of the DRRRF Secretariat are provided in the Management and Organisation Section of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund Website.
What is the role of the DRRRF Standing Committee on Finance?
The DRRRF Standing Committee on Finance was created by the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) with the aim of assisting the DRRRF, with regards to, for example, transparency, efficiency, and effectiveness in the delivery of climate finance. Furthermore, the DRRRF Standing Committee on Finance is designed to improve the linkages and to promote the coordination with climate finance related actors and initiatives within and outside the DRRRF.
The DRRRF Standing Committee on Finance consists of up to twenty members who work together to assist the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund with regards to the Financial Mechanism of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund. Currently, DRRRF Standing Committee on Finance has been assigned four specific functions by the DRRRF Steering Committee to allow it to meet its goal. Firstly, the DRRRF Standing Committee on Finance has the function of assisting the DRRRF to improve coherence and coordination in the delivery of climate change financing. Secondly, the DRRRF Standing Committee on Finance has the function of working to assist the DRRRF in a rationalization of the Financial Mechanism of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund. The third function of the DRRRF Standing Committee on Finance is to support the DRRRF in the mobilization of financial resources for climate financing. Finally, the fourth function is to support the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund in the measurement, reporting, and verification of support provided to developing country.
What is the role of the DRRRF Board of Directors?
A five-member Board of Directors (the “DRRRF Board of Directors”) of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) is responsible for overall supervision and control of the Trust Fund. The DRRRF Board of Directors consisting of representatives of the Global Bank Group and bilateral and multilateral international donors.
The background details of the DRRRF Board of Directors are provided in the Management and Organisation Section of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund Website
Is there a way to get money fast in the aftermath of a disaster?
Immediate Needs Funding (INF) is money earmarked for the most urgent work in the initial aftermath of a disaster. The funds may be provided to any eligible applicant for eligible emergency work that must be performed immediately and paid for within the first 60 days following approval by the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”). Eligible work typically includes debris removal, emergency protective measures, and removal of health and safety hazards. Immediate needs funds can be used for expenses resulting from this eligible work, such as temporary labor costs, overtime payroll, equipment, and material fees.
How does the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund get involved in a disaster?
Once a disaster has occurred, and the Government has declared a state of emergency, the Government will evaluate the recovery capabilities of the state/province and local governments. If it is determined that the damage is beyond their recovery capability, the governor will normally send a request letter to the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”), directed through the Regional Director of the appropriate Global Bank region. The DRRRF Steering Committee then decides whether or not to the DRRRF should get involved.
After a DRRRF Steering Committee decision has been made, the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund will designate the area eligible for assistance and announce the types of assistance available.
What is the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund support for International cooperation and global partnership?
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) international cooperation encompasses various means of implementation in addition to financial support. Technical cooperation, capacity building, and technology transfer are as instrumental to disaster risk reduction as financing. The emphasis of the DRRRF on science makes technical cooperation, technology transfer, and exchange of experts particularly important.
International cooperation and global partnership is critical to disaster reduction and to post-disaster reconstruction and recovery, and derives directly from the guiding principles enshrined in the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund as all States, particularly developing countries need support to strengthen their capacity to prevent and reduce disaster risk, support that needs to contribute to and complement national efforts.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund fosters coordinated, sustained, and adequate international support. The DRRRF is developing ways and means to incorporate disaster risk reduction measures into development assistance programs within and across all sectors. In this context, the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund and Global Bank and other Global Bank Group entities and agencies have a critical role to play through the provision of risk-informed financial support and loans which support the Global Bank Group’s integrated vision of disaster risk management across sectors and the full engagement of institutions and stakeholders.
What is Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund supports for Development and Transfer of Technologies for Scientific and Technological Advice?
Promoting and enhancing action on the development and transfer of environmentally sound technologies to States, in particular, developing countries is critical to supporting action on mitigation of greenhouse gases and adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change. Accelerating, encouraging and enabling innovation is critical for an effective, long-term global response to climate change and promoting economic growth and sustainable development. Such effort, as appropriate, is supported by the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”), including by the Technology Mechanism and, through financial means, by the Financial Mechanism, for collaborative approaches to research and development, and facilitating access to technology, in particular for early stages of the technology cycle, to States, in particular developing countries.
Intellectual property rights and patents
In the context of the priority concerning understanding disaster risk, the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund identifies the importance of encouraging the availability of copyrighted and patented materials, including through negotiated concessions. These are certainly an area where the DRRRF normative work is of prime importance.
Disaster risk reduction-informed development assistance
International cooperation is essential in managing disaster risk. The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund incorporates disaster risk reduction measures into development assistance programmes within and across all sectors.
What is the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund programmes for early warning and disaster response?
Given that disaster risk is on the rise, the continued strengthening of normative frameworks for early warning and disaster response remains of primary importance. Various dimensions would need to be taken into account, such accessibility, multi‐hazard, and multi-sector approach, attribution of powers and resources for local action.
Early warning and preparedness systems have the potential to significantly reduce the loss of life and livelihoods from disasters, simultaneously building resilience and supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The DRRRF’s work in this area supports countries with comprehensive multi-hazard early warning systems, as well as the development of medium and long-term forecasting capacities.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund supports a variety of disaster risk reduction programmes to prevent or minimize damage caused by disasters through early warning systems, disaster preparedness, and mitigation efforts, as well as training for disaster response.
Many the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund programmes improve collection and use of data on disaster risks, including building capacity and infrastructure to observe, analyze, and forecast hazards. These may include mapping hazards, developing people-centered early warning systems, and facilitating the exchange of information on risks. The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund also supports the development of information-sharing systems and services, which may involve strengthening networks and promoting dialogue and cooperation among scientific communities and practitioners.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund funds training and learning programs at a community level, for local authorities, and for targeted sectors. Preparedness for response addresses the need to plan for events where managing the risk proves too costly or not feasible. This area of programming directly links disaster risk reduction with disaster management and recovery. In this vein, the DRRRF works to strengthen policy; build technical and institutional capacities; support dialogue, information exchange, coordination and stakeholder engagement; stockpile commodities that may be needed in response; and review and update disaster preparedness and contingency plans.
How does the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund supports financial innovation in the context of investments for resilience?
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund” or “GB DRRRF”) framework considers the importance of fiscal and financial instruments in the context of investments for resilience and the integration of disaster risk consideration therein.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund address the barrier to finance in adaptation, sustainable agriculture, energy efficiency, renewable energy, disaster recovery and disaster risk insurance with an innovative financial instrument that has the potential for scaling up financing for a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund aims to increase governments’ financial response capacity to natural disasters. The DRRRF is one of the five pillars of the Global Bank - DRRRF’s comprehensive Disaster Risk Management (DRM) framework which promotes the mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in a broader country development agenda. This is in line with the implementation of Priority Action Number Four of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) – to reduce disaster risk by addressing underlying key factors. Additionally, the G20 and Sendai Report have advanced disaster risk management as a crucial area of focus.
How does the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund lend its support to planning for recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund” or “GB DRRRF”) recognises the need for and gives priority to planning for recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction ahead of disasters. Such initiatives require the engagement of executive and legislative institutions and stakeholders at local and national levels in light of the socio, economic, and political complexities and the coordination requirements. Normative provisions which anticipate and regulate recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction through a “Build Back Better” approach are essential.
Through Track I, the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund works to enhance global and regional advocacy to promote the implementation of the Sendai Framework targets by 2030 in partnership with the United Nations and other international organizations. Through advocacy and continuous engagement with key regional organizations, the partnership will help to elevate disaster risk management (DRM) as a key priority for policy-makers, governments and practitioners, thereby building demand for more targeted country disaster risk management programs, particularly in high-risk, low and middle-income countries.
Climate change has become one of the world’s foremost policy challenges. In line with its mandate and expertise, the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund together with Global Bank focuses on the humanitarian, fiscal, financial, and macroeconomic challenges. The DRRRF also advises (e.g., through technical assistance to member countries) on the appropriate design of resilient infrastructure development, carbon pricing and fiscal reforms to promote greener growth more broadly, particularly with regard to getting prices right in energy and transportation systems to reflect environmental costs and building resilience to climate risks.
How the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – Umbrella Trust Fund compliments national and local platforms for disaster risk reduction?
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund” or “GB DRRRF”) places particular emphasis on coordination, and especially on the role of national and local coordination multi-stakeholder forums, such as national and local platforms for disaster risk reduction. In particular in the area of risk identification; building knowledge and awareness, including through campaigns; management, including sharing and dissemination of disaster risk information and data; reporting on the status of disaster risk and progress toward implementation of strategies, plans, and policies; and facilitating multi-sector cooperation.
What are the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund priority area for action?
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund” or “GB DRRRF”) emphasis is to manage the underlying drivers of disaster risk through enhancing understanding of disaster risk, governance for disaster risk reduction, investment and measures to strengthen resilience, and preparing for recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – Umbrella Trust Fund priority areas are:
Priority 1: Understanding Disaster Risk: Understanding disaster risk in its extent and genesis, including its drivers, is particularly critical to the DRRRF in light of the major shift in emphasis on risk present in the expected outcome, and, accordingly, the need to manage risk in and of itself.
Priority 2: Disaster Risk Governance: The DRRRF works to strengthen disaster risk reduction governance in its institutional and participatory aspects at national and local levels. While restating the mainstreaming and integration of disaster risk reduction across all sectors, it puts forward a renewed paradigm to achieve it.
Priority 3: Investing in Resilience: Priority area III of the DRRRF is particularly dependent on strong coordination and coherence in the development and implementation of sector policies and programs as well as the implementation of international instruments such as those concerning sustainable development, climate change and variability, and financing. The DRRRF makes a strong call for investing more resources in resilience and ensuring that risk-informed investments be made by both the public and the private sectors, and that disaster risk reduction considerations and measures be integrated into financial and fiscal instruments.
Priority 4: Preparedness to “Build Back Better”: Priority area IV of the DRRRF represents an important mix of continuity and innovation. The continuity aspect of the DRRRF is focused on the need to further improve preparedness for response, including through a renewed commitment toward early warning systems, which be multi‐hazards and multi‐sectoral, and the preservation of the functioning of critical infrastructures for the continued provision of essential services. It also includes the anticipation of “cascading disasters,” i.e., disasters which are magnified by multiple, sequential and interconnected hazards. Attention is also given to evacuation and displacement.
For information about the Global Bank, please visit http://gbdrrtf.org/about-us/who-we-are
What is the proposed solution by the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund?
Disaster risk management was universally endorsed as a development priority through the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) in 2005. This framework is an agreement signed by 168 governments and international organizations, including the Global Bank Group and the United Nations, to support disaster prevention across the world.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) is responding to the growing demand from its clients, building disaster resilience through five core areas focusing on:
Risk Identification: By understanding disaster risks and anticipating the potential impacts of natural hazards, disaster and climate risk assessments can help governments, communities, businesses, and individuals make informed decisions to manage that risk.
Risk Reduction: Disaster risk information can inform different development strategies, plans and projects that can, in turn, reduce risks. This can either be done by avoiding the creation of new risks by mainstreaming in new investments, or improved territorial planning or building practices, or by addressing existing risks, such as retrofitting critical infrastructure, the construction of embankment systems, etc.
Preparedness: Adequate preparedness measures are essential because disaster risk can never be completely eliminated. Preparedness through early warning systems save lives and protect livelihoods and is one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce the impact of disasters. Preparedness activities need to include actionable contingency plans down to local and community level to respond to the effects of disasters.
Financial Protection: Financial protection strategies protect governments, businesses, and households from the economic burden of disasters. These strategies can include programs to increase the financial capacity of the state to respond to an emergency, whilst protecting the fiscal balance. They also promote the deepening of insurance markets at a sovereign and household level, and social protection strategies for the poorest.
Resilient Reconstruction: The challenge of reconstruction also presents an opportunity to promote disaster risk management through integrated resilient recovery and reconstruction planning that will drive longer-term resilient development.
How can the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fun help to address disaster risks?
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund”, “GB DRRRF” or “DRRRF”) is working to build resilience in vulnerable communities around the globe. The DRRRF is a multi-donor partnership and grant-making financing mechanism. Its purpose is mainstreaming climate change to help achieve the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 - a decade-long plan to help make the world safer from disasters caused by natural hazards — and to support the implementation of the Global Climate Agreement in Paris, and prevent disasters undermining progress on the Sustainable Development Goals. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (SFDRR), was adopted at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR), held on March 14-18, 2015 in Sendai, Japan, and will guide action on disaster risk reduction worldwide for the next 15 years.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund supports countries around the world in mainstreaming a comprehensive and integrated approach to disaster risk management (DRM) into development. The DRRRF was established in October 20017, as a Global Bank Group-supported partnership of donor and recipient countries and international organizations to further reduce the risks from natural disasters and promote international and regional cooperation and to lessen the vulnerability of developed and developing countries alike. The DRRRF supports on-the-ground technical assistance to help developed, and developing countries integrate disaster risk management (DRM) and climate change adaptation into development strategies, policies and investment programs, including post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund disaster risk management activities are part of a comprehensive framework. This framework focuses on five core areas of risk management and systematically addressing each core area: risk identification, risk reduction, emergency preparedness, financial protection, and sustainable recovery and reconstruction.
What are the operating principles of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund?
DRRRF’s strategy is underpinned by seven operating principles:
Demand-driven approach to ensure maximum impact: The scale of DRRRF support will be determined by client demand and depend on its ability to make progress with providing additional financing, facilitating the transfer of technology, and building knowledge and capacity.
Leveraging development investments and policies: The DRRRF climate actions will facilitate an effective response to client countries’ demands, by cooperating with national and regional institutions and fostering the mainstreaming of climate dimensions into development. The DRRRF activities are organized along four top-level priorities: (i) Support Transformational Policies and Institutions; (ii) Leverage Resources; (iii) Scale up Climate Action; and (iv) Align Internal Processes and Work with Others.
Empowering women and mainstreaming gender: The DRRRF mainstreamed gender equality considerations into the entire project cycle to enhance the efficacy of climate change mitigation and adaptation interventions, starting from the identification of priority interventions to achieve the climate management goals of a given jurisdiction or entity.
Focusing on inclusive design and participation, Leave No One Behind: The DRRRF focuses on three areas of support to democratic governance: (1) Fostering inclusive participation; (2) Strengthening accountable and responsive governing institutions; and (3) Grounding democratic governance in international principles. The DRRRF will assist in the identification of effective interventions strengthening participation by the poorest social sectors, as well as by women, youth, persons living with disabilities, and indigenous people.
Jointly addressing disaster and climate risk: The DRRRF will strive to increase the share of adaptation and mitigation co-benefits, improve resilience by further mainstreaming climate change in country programs, encourage investments in climate-smart infrastructure, promote climate-smart cities and agriculture, and further refine and design contingent instruments to deal with disaster risks.
Developing knowledge and sharing best practices. The DRRRF conducts global and regional communication campaigns as instruments for public awareness and education. Each builds on the existing ones to promote a culture of disaster prevention, resilience and responsible citizenship, generate an understanding of disaster risk, support mutual learning, and share experiences. The campaigns encourage public and private stakeholders to engage actively in such initiatives and to develop new ones at the local, national, regional and global levels
Prioritizing a results-oriented approach: The DRRRF's commitment to improving aid and development effectiveness through development cooperation is reflected in its endorsement of key international agreements. These include the 2005 Paris Declaration, the 2008 Accra Agenda for Action, the 2011 Busan Outcome Document and the 2014 Mexico Communique. The key principles of development effectiveness, defined in the Busan outcome are:
Country ownership
Focus on results
What is the DRRRF’s Comparative Advantage?
Since the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action in 2005, as documented in national and regional progress reports on its implementation as well as in other global reports, progress has been achieved in reducing disaster risk at local, national, regional and global levels by countries and other relevant stakeholders, leading to a decrease in mortality in the case of some hazards. Reducing disaster risk is a cost-effective investment in preventing future losses. Effective disaster risk management contributes to sustainable development. Countries have enhanced their capacities in disaster risk management. International mechanisms for strategic advice, coordination and partnership development for disaster risk reduction, such as the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”), as well as other relevant international and regional forums for cooperation such as the Global Bank Atlantic Reconstruction Trust Fund (GBARTF), have been instrumental in the development of policies and strategies and the advancement of knowledge and mutual learning. Overall, the Hyogo Framework for Action has been an important instrument for raising public and institutional awareness, generating political commitment and focusing and catalysing actions by a wide range of stakeholders at all levels.
Over the same ten-year time frame, however, disasters have continued to exact a heavy toll and, as a result, the well-being and safety of persons, communities, and countries as a whole have been affected. Over 700 thousand people have lost their lives, over 1.4 million have been injured and approximately 23 million have been made homeless as a result of disasters. Overall, more than 1.5 billion people have been affected by disasters in various ways, with women, children and people in vulnerable situations disproportionately affected. The total economic loss was more than $1.3 trillion. In addition, between 2008 and 2012, 144 million people were displaced by disasters.
Disasters, many of which are exacerbated by climate change and which are increasing in frequency and intensity, significantly impede progress towards sustainable development. Evidence indicates that exposure of persons and assets in all countries has increased faster than vulnerability has decreased, thus generating new risks and a steady rise in disaster-related losses, with a significant economic, social, health, cultural and environmental impact in the short, medium and long-term, especially at the local and community levels. Recurring small-scale disasters and slow-onset disasters particularly affect communities, households and small and medium-sized enterprises, constituting a high percentage of all losses. All countries – especially developing countries, where the mortality and economic losses from disasters are disproportionately higher – are faced with increasing levels of possible hidden costs and challenges in order to meet financial and other obligations.
The Global Bank Disaster Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund climate action will be driven by client demand, focusing on those activities that support the Global Bank’s core mission and build on its comparative advantage. The actions proposed a focus on supporting client demand, recognizing that client needs are different. The Action Plan focuses on supporting the Global Bank Group core mission of supporting the economic and social development efforts of the less developed and developing countries as they seek achievement of internationally agreed upon development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration and the Sustainable Development Goals, and to implement the recommendations of major United Nations conferences and summits. The goals lay out a blueprint for the Global Bank Group, setting its priorities and measuring its results. And it builds on the Global Bank Group comparative advantage to tackle complex, multisectoral problems in an integrated way combining all of its instruments (funding, knowledge, and convening power), its local presence, but global reach and experience, its deep technical expertise and multisectoral integration, and its ability to work across both the public and private sectors.
A comparative detail analysis of the Global Bank Disaster Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund is available upon request.
What is the Strategic Framework on Development and Climate Change of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund?
In this context, the Strategic Framework on Development and Climate Change for the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) the DRRRF will support specific needs and priorities of its diverse clients. Six action areas — each providing tools for supporting both adaptation and actions with mitigation co-benefits — will allow the DRRRF’s entities to build on their relative strengths, increase its synergies, and partner with external players, basing the division of labor on the comparative advantages and mandates:
Support climate actions in country-led development processes;
Mobilize additional concessional and innovative finance;
Facilitate the development of market-based financing mechanisms;
Leverage private sector resources;
Support accelerated development and deployment of new technologies; and
Step up policy research, knowledge, and capacity building.
What are the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Programmes?
Natural and human-induced disasters adversely affect hundreds of millions of people every year. In an effort to minimize the impact on vulnerable populations, the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund”, “GB DRRRF” or “DRRRF”) supports various disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs aimed at saving lives; protecting livelihoods, assets, and infrastructure before, during, and after a disaster; and increasing communities’ resilience to natural hazards. The DRRRF programs promote self-sufficiency in disaster risk reduction by strengthening the capacity of governments at all levels and communities to identify, manage, and reduce the impacts of natural disasters through sustainable, multi-sectoral programs, as well as to prepare for and respond to potential crises in a timely and efficient manner.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund and implementing partners engage communities, national and local governments, international and regional organizations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to develop effective disaster risk reduction strategies tailored to the needs of at-risk populations. The DRRRF promotes dialogue and coordinated action among stakeholders to address disaster risk reduction in an integrated and comprehensive manner. In addition to supporting regional and country-level programming related to floods, droughts, cyclones, extreme weather events, tsunamis, earthquakes, and volcanoes, the DRRRF provides technical assistance and supports global disaster risk reduction initiatives. These initiatives will reduce vulnerability to natural hazards affecting the community or household, as well as build the resilience of the community.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund is among the global leaders in supporting worldwide disaster risk reduction activities, as well as participates in larger Global Bank Group efforts. The DRRRF participates in disaster risk reduction globally through membership on governing boards, influencing the development of sound disaster risk reduction policies among key partners, such as U.N. humanitarian agencies. In addition, the DRRRF disaster risk reduction and sectoral experts contribute to the development of technical guidelines and provided technical expertise to host nations on disaster risk reduction.
Many countries face a wide range of challenges and constraints in their efforts to reduce disaster vulnerability. The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund is implementing activities in various sectors to assist in preparedness for and reduction of disasters worldwide, including agriculture and food security, health, nutrition, economic recovery and market systems, protection, shelter and settlements, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). The DRRRF’s efforts focus on reducing the impact of natural hazards in vulnerable regions by enhancing local and regional early warning systems; improving local disaster planning and response, including search and rescue activities; strengthening conceptual and implementation models for improving food security; and building the capacity of international and local partners to reduce countries’ vulnerability to disasters.
Each of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund disaster risk reduction program promotes at least one of the five priorities identified by the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). Those are:
PRIORITY 1 – Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation.
PRIORITY 2 – Identify, assess, and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning.
PRIORITY 3 – Use knowledge, innovation, and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels.
PRIORITY 4 – Reduce underlying risk factors.
PRIORITY 5 – Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.
What is the role of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund?
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) have the responsibility for coordinating the Global Bank Group relief efforts globally. These relief efforts include: (a) bringing risk reduction investments to the scale necessary to enable countries to achieve the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and prevent disasters undermining progress on the Sustainable Development Goals; (b) supporting client countries to implement the resilience objectives specified in their Nationally Determined Contributions; (c) harmonizing results measurement for Nationally Determined Contributions; (d) increasing the availability and effectiveness of resilience financing for Small Island States; (e) strengthening Disaster Risk Management (DRM) tools and expanding financial solutions for fast-growing cities in the context of rapid urbanization, populations growth, and climate change; (f) increasing access to early warning and risk information; (g) working with the private sector to address gaps in risk financing; (h) assisting countries transfer risk to the markets through the intermediation of risk management transactions; and (i) working with the humanitarian community to address pressing needs, ahead of the World Humanitarian Summit in 2018.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund supports the post-disaster Action Plans for the Recovery and Development and related initiatives. The DRRRF mobilizes, coordinates and allocates contributions from bilateral, multilateral, corporate and other donors to finance high-priority projects reconstruction and programmes and budget support globally.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund provides funding to the most critical humanitarian priorities based on expert advice from aid workers and agreed planning strategies. Funding decisions are made on the ground, allowing GBARTF to respond to evolving needs and to address critical gaps not covered by other humanitarian funding. This enables the humanitarian community to better reach the most vulnerable and to use available resources more effectively and efficiently.
To learn more about the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund, what we do andhHow we do it and Management and Organisation, visit the About DRRRF Section of the DRRRF Website.
What is the mandate of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund?
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) was established in 2017 by the Global Bank Group (the “Bank Group”) to facilitate the implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR). It was created to be the focal point in the Global Bank Group for the coordination of disaster risk reduction and ensures synergies among the relevant activities of Global Bank Group agencies and Funds and Programmes, and related activities in socio-economic and humanitarian fields.
The purpose of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund is mainstreaming climate change to help achieve the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 - a decade-long plan to help make the world safer from disasters caused by natural hazards — and to support the implementation of the Global Climate Agreement in Paris, and prevent disasters undermining progress on the Sustainable Development Goals. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (SFDRR), was adopted at the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR), held on March 14-18, 2015 in Sendai, Japan, and will guide action on disaster risk reduction worldwide for the next 15 years.
Why the Global Bank Group chose to sponsor the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund?
Since the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action in 2005 progress has been achieved in reducing disaster risk at local, national, regional and global levels by countries and other relevant stakeholders, leading to a decrease in mortality in the case of some hazards. Reducing disaster risk is a cost-effective investment in preventing future losses. Effective disaster risk management contributes to sustainable development. Countries have enhanced their capacities in disaster risk management. International mechanisms for strategic advice, coordination and partnership development for disaster risk reduction, such as the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”), as well as other relevant international and regional platforms for cooperation such as the Global Bank Atlantic Reconstruction Trust Fund (GBARTF), have been instrumental in the development of policies and strategies and the advancement of knowledge and mutual learning. Overall, the Hyogo Framework for Action has been an important instrument for raising public and institutional awareness, generating political commitment and focusing and catalyzing actions by a wide range of stakeholders at all levels.
Over the same ten-year time frame, however, disasters have continued to exact a heavy toll and, as a result, the well-being and safety of persons, communities, and countries as a whole have been affected. Over 700 thousand people have lost their lives, over 1.4 million have been injured, and approximately 23 million have been rendered homeless as a result of disasters. Overall, more than 1.5 billion people have been affected by disasters in various ways, with women, children and people in vulnerable situations disproportionately affected. The total economic loss was more than $1.3 trillion. In addition, between 2008 and 2012, 144 million people were displaced by disasters.
Disasters, many of which are exacerbated by climate change and which are increasing in frequency and intensity, significantly impede progress towards sustainable development. Evidence indicates that exposure of persons and assets in all countries has increased faster than vulnerability has decreased. These disasters generate new risks and a steady rise in disaster-related losses, with significant economic, social, health, cultural and environmental impact in the short, medium and long-term, especially at the local and community levels. Recurring small-scale disasters and slow-onset disasters particularly affect communities, households and small and medium-sized enterprises, constituting a high percentage of all losses. All countries – especially developing countries, where the mortality and economic losses from disasters are disproportionately higher – are faced with increasing levels of possible hidden costs and challenges to meet financial and other obligations.
In December 2015, the unanimously adopted Paris Agreement, which was negotiated by representatives of 195 countries, is a major breakthrough by the international community in resolving climate change. This is the first climate change agreement that includes commitments by all signatories, in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions1. Countries have committed to undertake actions or achieve domestic targets with a view of holding the increase in global average temperature to below 2 degrees Celsius, and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Countries also plan to increase their ability to adapt to adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate change resilience. Many developing countries stress that climate finance is vital to their ability to fully deliver on their contributions and increase their level of ambition over time. For the Global Bank Group, the Paris Agreement becomes the foundation for its contribution to efficient and effective low-carbon and climate-resilient development.
To enable a successful transition to a low-carbon climate-resilient global economy as envisaged in the Paris Agreement, massive amounts of climate finance must flow to support countries’ achievement of their Nationally Determined Contributions and other low-carbon and climate resilience activities. The Global Bank through the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund provides mitigation and adaptation finance in the context of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change and has strengthened its commitment to work with clients, other development finance institutions, the private sector, and stakeholders to tackle climate challenge with targeted and innovative finance.
Global Bank Group does this in the context of the development needs of its clients, the Sustainable Development Goals, and the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions for climate action submitted by 180 countries to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Global Bank Group already provide policy, advisory, financial, and technical support to countries as they transition toward lower carbon, more climate-resilient future
Global Bank Group has adopted new ambitious multi-year targets in late 2015 to rapidly expand climate finance activities, adding to the momentum leading up to the Paris Agreement. The Global Bank Group is scaling up related activities to strengthen policy, build institutional capacity, provide access to finance, and deliver technical support to client countries and their private sectors.
The Global Bank Group has committed to addressing disaster and climate risk throughout all of its development and humanitarian work.
The Global Bank Group has committed to:
Make disaster risk reduction a priority for the Global Bank Group organizations;
Ensure timely, coordinated and high-quality assistance to all countries where disaster losses pose a threat to people’s health and development; and,
Ensure disaster risk reduction for resilience is central to Global Bank Group post-2015 development agenda
1 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) is a term used under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that all countries that signed the UNFCCC were asked to publish in the lead up to the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Paris, France in December 2015. These intended contributions were determined without prejudice to the legal nature of the contributions. The term was intended as a compromise between "quantified emissions limitation and reduction objective" (QUELROs) and "nationally appropriate mitigation actions" (NAMAs) that the Kyoto Protocol used to describe the different legal obligations of developed and developing countries. Under the Paris Agreement, adopted in December 2015, the INDC will become the first Nationally Determined Contribution when a country ratifies the agreement, unless they decide to submit a new NDC at the same time. Once the Paris Agreement is ratified, the NDC will become the first greenhouse gas targets under the UNFCCC that applied equally to both developed and developing countries.
Who is the sponsor of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund?
The sponsor of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF” or “DRRRF”) is the Global Bank.
Owned by the Global Bank Group1, the Bank for International Development and Reconstruction, known as the Global Bank borrows in the international capital markets (“BIDR,” “Global Bank,” or “Bank”) is the Global Bank Group’s long-term sovereign lending institution. As a development bank with an agenda driven by G-7/G-8 and G-20-priorities, its leading priority is to promote global economic and social development. Unlike the multilateral development banks (MDBs)2, Global Bank is not restricted to operating only in developing countries.
For interesting facts about the G-7/G-8 and G20:
The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction is a full-fledged private sector global development bank, in formation, – the world’s second global development bank – positioned next to the World Bank and the preeminent regional development banks (MDBs).
The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction was founded in 2013 to help developed, and developing countries achieve economic and social development through financing primarily public sector (sovereign) infrastructure projects and sustainable development. BIDR is one of five institutions that make up the Global Bank Group. BIDR is the part of the Global Bank Group that works with creditworthy countries to promote sustainable, equitable and job-creating growth, reduce poverty and address issues of regional and global importance.
Global Bank’s main goals are to end poverty and hunger and to achieve sustainable development in its three dimensions through promoting inclusive economic growth, protecting the environment, and promoting social inclusion.
The Global Bank’s activities are focused on developing countries, in fields such as human development (e.g. education, health), agriculture and rural development (e.g. irrigation and rural services), environmental protection (e.g., pollution reduction, establishing and enforcing regulations), infrastructure (e.g. roads, urban regeneration, and electricity), large industrial construction projects, and governance (e.g. anti-corruption, institutions development).
For more information about the Global Bank, what we do and how we do it, please go to the About Us Section of the Global Bank Website at http://www.global-bank.org
1 Global Bank Group, consisting of five institutions, represents, develops and supports the collective interests of its business interests around the world. One of these institutions is The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction known as the Global Bank,(“BIDR,” “Global Bank,” or “Bank”). Global Bank is a full-fledged private sector global development bank, in formation, with legal and regulatory rights including formal approval to utilize the term "Bank" pending – the world’s second global development bank – positioned next to the World Bank and the preeminent regional development banks (MDBs). The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction borrows in the international capital markets.
2 The Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are institutions that provide financial support and professional advice for economic and social development activities in developing countries. The MDBs provide financial and technical support to developing countries to help them strengthen economic management and reduce poverty. Together, the MDBs provide support to the world's poorest in every corner of the globe, strengthening institutions, rebuilding states, addressing the effects of climate change, and fostering economic growth and entrepreneurship.
What is the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund expected outcome?
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) expected outcome and goal: “The substantial reduction of disaster losses, in lives and in the social, economic and environmental assets of communities and countries”
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund prevents new, and reduces existing, disaster risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political and institutional measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience.
What are the goals of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund?
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) goal is to prevent new, and reduce existing, disaster risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political and institutional measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience.
To support the assessment of global progress in achieving the outcome and goal of the present Framework, seven global targets have been agreed. These targets will be measured at the global level and will be complemented by work to develop appropriate indicators. National targets and indicators will contribute to the achievement of the outcome and goal of the present Framework. The seven global targets are:
The seven global targets are:
Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to contribute to lower the average per 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015;
Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to contribute to lower the average global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015;
Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030;
Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, among them health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by 2030;
Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies by 2020;
Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of the present Framework by 2030;
Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to people by 2030.
What is the mission of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund?
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund”, “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) was established in 2017 by the Global Bank Group (the “Bank Group”) to facilitate the implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR). It was created to be the focal point in the Global Bank Group for the coordination of disaster risk reduction and ensures synergies among the relevant activities of Global Bank Group agencies and regional organisations, and related activities in socio-economic and humanitarian fields.
DRRRF’s mission is centered on supporting the implementation, follow-up, and review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, including by fostering coherence with other international instruments, such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the Paris Agreement on climate change. As such, the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund champions and supports the integration of disaster risk management across different areas of work of the Global Bank Group and of its Members and Non-Member States as well as among a broad range of key stakeholders, including the private sector and civil society.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund prevents new and reduces existing disaster risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political and institutional measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience.
What are the main components of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund?
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) established in October 2017, as a Global Bank Group-supported partnership of donor and recipient countries and international organizations. Created to reduce the risks from natural disasters and promote international and regional cooperation to lessen the vulnerability of developed and developing countries alike, the DRRRF supports on-the-ground technical assistance to help developed and developing countries integrate disaster risk management (DRM) and climate change adaptation into development strategies, policies and investment programs, including post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund is working to build resilience in vulnerable communities around the globe. The DRRRF is a multi-donor partnership and grant-making financing mechanism. Its purpose is mainstreaming climate change to help achieve the goals of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 - a decade-long plan to help make the world safer from disasters caused by natural hazards — and to support the implementation of the Global Climate Agreement in Paris, and prevent disasters undermining progress on the Sustainable Development Goals. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (SFDRR), was adopted at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR), held on March 14-18, 2015 in Sendai, Japan, and will guide action on disaster risk reduction worldwide for the next 15 years.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund has three main business lines to achieve its development objectives at the global, regional and country levels.
Track 1: Global and regional support to ISDR System: The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) is a committed member of the ISDR system. Together with the ISDR Secretariat, we are formulating a results-oriented work program. This track will support global advocacy, knowledge sharing, support development of information management tools and disseminate and exchange emerging notions of best practice facilitated through global and regional organizations under the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) System.
Track 2: Support to countries for developing investment frameworks for disaster risk prevention and mitigation: This track will operate through a multi-donor trust fund and support efforts by developing country governments to enhance investments in risk reduction. Developing a policy option to deal with risks including long-term climate change issues will be made integral to a long-term and sustainable development strategy.1 Countries prone to high disaster risks will be the primary clients. Specific country plans, particularly the Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRSs) and Country Assistance Strategies (CASs) will ensure ownership, and implementation follow through.
Track 3: Standby Recovery Financing Facility (SRFF): (in pipeline) This Standby Recovery Financing track, proposed to be operated through a mechanism linked to the Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction (GFIDR), is to support disaster-stricken countries’ immediate recovery needs before medium and long-term recovery programs are formulated and launched. However, a low-income country would be eligible for this only if pre-disaster preparedness and mitigation instruments (Track 2) have been institutionalized in the country, measured in terms of investments in risk reduction as a percentage of GDP or such others measures agreed by the partners of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund. This is being developed in close collaboration with Global Bank’s DRRRF team, and a position paper on this will be available soon for wider consultation.
For information about the Global Bank, please visit gbdrrrf.org/about-us/who-we-are
1 Countries with more than 30% population and GDP in areas of risk to one or more hazards (Hotspots Study, The World Bank and Columbia University)
The case for The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) is a lead Global Bank Group agency working on many areas of resilience and disaster risk reduction (DRR) that are of critical importance globally. It is hosted by the Global Bank. The DRRRF to support the States, in particular developing countries to mainstream disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in national development strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and the Sustainable Development. As a facility of the Global Bank, it is best placed amongst the development banks to do this. It also helps to build country capacity to manage disaster risks better, such as through the development and adoption of safer school and hospital designs. It has aligned its strategic objectives to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and supports its implementation, specifically by “Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters.”
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund has prioritized 20 developing countries1, based on their vulnerability to natural disasters – countries that are disproportionately affected by the consequences of global warming (the “vulnerable 20” or the “V20”). The DRRRF addresses the negative effects of global warming as a result of heightened socio-economic and environmental vulnerabilities. Approximately half these countries are in sub-Saharan Africa; a further 112 have been earmarked to receive Disaster Risk Management funding and technical support through DRRRF. The DRRRF pursues its objectives at the global, regional, and country levels through three Tracks of programming:
Track 1: Global and Regional partnerships: designed to enhance global and regional advocacy, partnerships, and knowledge management for mainstreaming disaster reduction.
Track 2: Mainstreaming disaster reduction in development: directed at ensuring risk assessments, risk mitigation, risk transfer, and emergency preparedness are incorporated into all strategic plans and programmes. Track 2 also includes special initiatives such as the Economics of Disaster Risk Reduction initiative. These will support global, regional and country level efforts to generate economic evidence for disaster risk reduction.
Track 3: Partnership for Sustainable Recovery: a disaster recovery fund which aims to accelerate the transition from relief to longer-term recovery after a disaster. This track supports co-operation among stakeholders in post-disaster damage loss and needs assessments globally.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund works in countries after a disaster hits, with a specific focus on recovery and reconstruction. Post-disaster, DRRRF leads at the country level in preparing, organising and implementing co-ordinated Post Disaster Needs Assessments with key partners. Globally, these assessments are recognised as an important leap forward in developing co-ordinated recovery operations. This comprehensive damage and loss assessment provided the foundation for the subsequent the Action Plan for National Recovery and Development.
The Action Plan for National Recovery and Development articulated the government priorities for recovery, reconstruction, and development. It leads to a shared understanding between the government and development partners of how to help recover and begin the reconstruction process. The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund is also contributing to harmonisation between development actors and the Government.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund is developing a Results-Based Management System. This framework has the potential to harmonise resilience and disaster risk reduction objectives across countries and with all partners. Greater joining up in this way will ensure that countries progress faster towards achieving the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Goals 2015-2030, and reducing the loss of lives and assets. The DRRRF has been instrumental in agreeing the Results Based Management System, and will continue to push for its adoption in all DRRRF’s priority countries.
1 Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Ghana, Haiti, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mozambique, Nepal, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Togo, Ethiopia, Vietnam and Yemen.
2 Bangladesh, Cambodia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, LAO PDR, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vanuatu
What is the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund?
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) supports priorities for action outlined in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, as well as contribute to achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. The DRRRF Will:
Promoting open access to risk information: The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund utilizes cutting-edge science and technology to create robust disaster risk information that is openly available and easily understandable by all actors responsible for managing disaster and climate risk. Moreover, DRRRF supports communities to map their exposure to disasters and climate change, ensuring that their voice and knowledge is part of the resilience solution.
Promoting resilient infrastructure: Public and private investment in disaster risk prevention and reduction through structural and non-structural measures are essential to enhance the economic, social, health and cultural resilience of persons, communities, countries and their assets, as well as the environment. These can be drivers of innovation, growth and job creation. Such measures are cost-effective and instrumental to save lives, prevent and reduce losses and ensure effective recovery and rehabilitation. The objective of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund in infrastructure is to improve alignment and coordination between established and new infrastructure initiatives as well as among multilateral and national development banks, national institutions and the private sector in order to bridge the ‘infrastructure investment gap’ and to facilitate the implementation of sustainable, accessible and resilient infrastructure for all State, particularly for developing countries.
Deepening financial protection: Disaster risk finance aims to improve the ability of governments to clarify and meet obligations arising from shocks caused by disasters while minimizing threats to development progress and fiscal stability. Increasingly, governments seek to meet this objective and manage the financial impact of disasters triggered by natural hazards in a comprehensive and strategic way. The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust is working to mobilize financial resources to assist States, in particular developing countries in implementing the goals of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, including other international instruments, such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the Paris Agreement on climate change.
Building resilience at the community level: Over the past 20 years, typhoons, floods, droughts, earthquakes and other natural hazards have claimed 1.35 million lives and affected on average 218 million people per year. They also have devastating effects on socio-economic development with a global economic impact since 2005 surpassing USD 1.3 trillion, mostly in developing countries. If better preparedness planning was in place, time, money and lives could have been saved. The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political and institutional measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience.
Deepening engagements in resilience to climate change: Promoting and enhancing action on the development and transfer of environmentally sound technologies to States, in particular developing countries is critical to supporting action on mitigation of greenhouse gases and adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change. Accelerating, encouraging and enabling innovation is critical for an effective, long-term global response to climate change and promoting economic growth and sustainable development. Such effort, as appropriate, is supported by the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund, including by the Technology Mechanism and, through financial means, by the Financial Mechanism, for collaborative approaches to research and development, and facilitating access to technology, in particular for early stages of the technology cycle, to States, in particular developing countries.
Enabling resilient recovery: In the face of apparently insurmountable odds, Global Bank Group (the “Bank Group”) has found ways to rebuild smarter, stronger, safer and faster. We are successful because, before disaster strikes, we have already laid the groundwork by fortifying the Bank Group’s physical, digital, financial, and societal infrastructure in an effort to better mitigate and manage post-crisis reconstruction.
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund is mobilising large-scale financing for effective post-disaster reconstruction and recovery efforts including leveraging public and private climate finance in an effective, catalytic manner to an increased adaptive capacity and a low greenhouse gas emission and climate-resilient development, aiding in the achievement of related Sustainable Development Goals.
Why is there no stand-alone goal on peace and security?
To underscore the importance of peace and security as a central component of the four dimensions of sustainable development. Goal 1 includes a focus on vulnerable regions, including post-conflict regions, and a target to address conflict and violence. Goal 4 includes a target on reducing violence against individuals, especially women and children, which needs to be operationalized at the country level. This target addresses issues of gender-based violence and child protection, as well as personal security, which represent a critical challenge in conflict and post-conflict settings. Indeed, many of the proposed goals address the structural causes of conflict such as inequality and exclusion, extreme poverty in all its forms, and poor governance.
The broader political issues of peace and security, which are typically addressed by the Security Council of the United Nations, go beyond the scope of the proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The post-2015 global policy framework, which will include more than the Sustainable Development Goals themselves, should also draw attention to the long-standing but still unfulfilled objective of ridding the world of nuclear weapons.
The UNFCCC deals with climate change. Why do we propose a goal on climate change?
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) will set legally binding targets among nations. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will not be legally binding and will not replace or hinder the work of the UNFCCC. Rather, the Sustainable Development Goals, like the Millennium Development Goals today, will provide a global, easily understood, normative framework to mobilize all stakeholders in the fight for sustainable development, which must include efforts to curb human-induced climate change. The Sustainable Development Goals should therefore help the public to understand the critical issues, the solutions, and the urgency of changing course. Similar considerations apply to biodiversity, human rights, and other areas where legally binding international conventions have been adopted, but which also need to be addressed by the Sustainable Development Goals. The Sustainable Development Goals need to get to the crux of the matter on climate change: that is, heading off the rapidly growing dangers. Because the science of climate change continues to evolve, it is important to define the related Sustainable Development Goals so that it can evolve with the progress of scientific understanding and reflect new and hopefully stronger commitments made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Today’s consensus on avoiding a 2°C increase in temperature, for example, may not be ambitious enough according to a growing body of scientific evidence. This is especially troubling since the world is far off course from even achieving the 2°C target.
Why are the targets under Goal 9 not quantified?
The world has adopted the Aichi Biodiversity targets as quantitative outcome targets for biodiversity and ecosystems. These 20 targets include outcome objectives to be achieved by 2020. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets cannot replicate the full set of Aichi targets, and it strikes us as impossible to pick one ecosystem or one quantitative target over the others. Countries therefore need to set their own quantitative targets under the Sustainable Development Goals, which should ideally be consistent with the Aichi targets. It was proposed to distinguish between ecosystem management at the national and subnational level (first target) and regional or global efforts (second target). The latter are inherently more complex and require different institutional arrangements. Both are critical for sustainable development.
The proposed Sustainable Development Goals targets call for policies to ensure resilient and productive ecosystems. A central objective of such policies must be to address the drivers of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss, which includes applying the “polluter pays” and “payment for ecosystem services” principles. Suitable indicators, including halting the loss of biodiversity, can and should be constructed at national/local and regional/global levels to measure the achievement of this target across a broad range of ecosystems.
Most goals apply to cities. Why do we need a separate urban goal?
Urban2 sustainable development is a central challenge and a major opportunity for most countries, as urban and slum populations are rising rapidly. The urban share of the world’s population is expected to rise from 52 percent in 2010 to around 67 percent in 2050, and the urban share of GDP and employment will rise commensurately. If managed well, urbanization can create employment and prosperity, and become a central driver for ending extreme poverty and for strengthening social inclusion. If managed poorly, cities will deepen social exclusion and fail to generate enough jobs.
Urban sustainable development is complex, involving not only many sectors but also many political entities, including local neighborhoods, city governments, metropolitan areas, and national governments, which must empower cities and link them to rural areas. As a result, strategies for cities pose highly complex yet crucial challenges. An urban Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) is therefore important to mobilize and bring together the efforts of multiple actors and stakeholders (e.g. local authorities, national governments, businesses, knowledge institutions, and civil society) across a range of urban issues (e.g. urban jobs, housing, infrastructure, governance, disaster risk reduction, and climate change adaptation and mitigation) and mobilize the financial, institutional, and human resources to make this possible.
1 In this document we use the terms “cities” and “urban areas” interchangeably to denote metropolitan areas and all urban centers that have economic or political importance
How do the proposed goals deal with water supply and water resources management?
Providing access to safe water and sanitation, ensuring sound management of freshwater resources, and preventing water pollution are inter-related priority challenges of sustainable development that must be met for other goals and targets to be achieved Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Water access: Delivery models, technologies, and responsible actors for access to water and sanitation differ between urban and rural areas, so we propose to assign these challenges to the urban and rural goals, respectively. This has the added advantage of combining water supply and sanitation, which are often closely linked.
Water resources management: Integrated water resources management and the allocation of water across different uses is a cross-cutting requirement for all goals. Freshwater needs for agriculture (accounting for some 70 percent of freshwater withdrawals), industry, households, and the healthy functioning of ecosystems (sometimes referred to as “green water”) stand out as major challenges. Moreover, water-related disasters, such as floods and droughts, account for a large share of damage from natural disasters. Water resources management and associated disaster risk management cannot be pursued in isolation from the management of agriculture, cities, and ecosystems, so water is part of several goals. The proposed SDG 9 emphasizes the need for integrated water resources management. A suitable indicator for Target 9c might include the ratio of freshwater withdrawals to renewable freshwater supply which should be lower than one.
Water pollution: Water pollution is a separate management challenge. Although not limited to urban areas, water pollution is a significant urban challenge and is therefore included under SDG 7.
The question of how to deal with water challenges in the proposed Sustainable Development Goals has been intensely discussed in the Leadership Council. Some have argued for a stand-alone water goal partly to draw attention to the importance of water management. Overall, though, the proposals provide a sound basis for managing the various water challenges within the framework of ten Sustainable Development Goals, particularly if suitable indicators track the sustainable use of water resources, access to water supply, and water quality.
Why is there no stand-alone goal on infrastructure?
Access to infrastructure is essential for ending extreme poverty in all its forms and promoting sustainable development. The proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) divide the challenges of providing access to infrastructure between urban (SDG 7) and rural (SDG 6) areas. This division is motivated by the fact that infrastructure technologies, delivery models, and responsible actors vary significantly between urban and rural areas.
What is meant by measuring "subjective well being and social capital" (Target 5c)?
Many scholars and an increasing number of governments now collect data on subjective wellbeing (SWB). SWB refers to an individual's own report of his or her sense of happiness or life satisfaction. These subjective accounts have been shown to be systematic and informative of the individual and social conditions in a country that are conducive to a high quality of life. The proposed numerical targets for reducing tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol derive from the World Health Assembly resolution 66.10.2 propose the 2025 target of reducing harmful use of alcohol by 10% be increased to 20% by 2030.
How do the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) deal with jobs, particularly for the young?
Reducing youth unemployment is a core priority for most countries. The proposed SDG 3 focuses on high- quality primary and secondary education and on effective institutions (such as apprenticeships) that can help youth prepare for decent work. The third target focuses directly on the youth unemployment rate. Likewise, the agriculture goal (SDG 6) includes the need for rural job creation and development, whereas the urban goal (SDG 7) addresses urban employment under its first target.
What does the notion of “decoupling” mean
Decoupling means a drop in primary resource use and pollution as economic growth proceeds. It is achieved through a combination of new technologies (e.g. photovoltaic electricity and wind power substituting for fossil fuels), investments in energy efficiency (e.g. reduced losses on the power grid, improved insulation for homes), the dematerialization of production (e.g. the shift from vinyl albums to online music and from books to e-books), and proper economic incentives for individuals, businesses, and governments.
Resource efficiency (more output per unit of resource input) is a necessary but not sufficient condition. Greater efficiency in oil and gas extraction (e.g. hydrofracking) can expand rather than reduce CO2 emissions. Greater efficiency in internal combustion engines can lead to larger cars rather than fuel savings. Thus, technological changes need to be combined with appropriate policy incentives.
There are many pessimists regarding decoupling who feel that the only way to limit resource use is to limit overall economic growth. We disagree. Decoupling has not yet been tried as a serious global strategy, and we believe that advances in areas such as information and communications technologies, energy technologies, materials science, advanced manufacturing processes, and agriculture will permit continued economic growth combined with a massive reduction in the use and waste of key primary commodities, a sharp drop in greenhouse gas emissions and other forms of pollution.
Why is there no proposed goal called “Sustainable Consumption and Production”?
Most simply because it is the essence of proposed SDG 2. As emphasized throughout this document and in the “Framework of Programs on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns” adopted at United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), the use of environmental resources and pollution must be brought down to levels that can be sustained over the long run. This in turn will require a major decoupling of pollution and environmental resource use from rising living standards and economic growth, consistent with achieving a net reduction in both aggregate pollution and resource use. In many areas consumption and production patterns will need to change significantly. Yet, the key question is not the level of “consumption” or “production” per se, but their primary resource, pollution, and ecosystem implications. Consumption and production in an economic sense (i.e., improvement of material conditions) can grow provided they are decoupled from pollution and unsustainable natural resource use. This is the normative essence of SDG 2.
What is the reasoning behind SDG 2 (Development within Planetary Boundaries)?
Modern Earth-systems science (including geology, climate science, hydrology, and ecology) makes clear that human activity is now dangerously impinging on vital Earth functions, including climate, the water cycle, the nitrogen cycle, biodiversity, ocean acidification, particulate pollution, and more. Scientists are identifying certain thresholds or “planetary boundaries” beyond which human activity can have dire effects on human wellbeing and on ecosystem functions everywhere. Unless human development respects these planetary boundaries, people in all countries are likely to face severe environmental degradation that could severely set back human development. Yet it is possible for countries to grow while respecting these boundaries, mainly by improving efficiency, shifting to sustainable technologies, restraining various kinds of wasteful behaviors, and by decelerating population growth more rapidly. The proposed SDG 2 therefore underscores the right to development for all countries within planetary boundaries. It is closely related to the better-known concept of sustainable consumption and production. This goal includes a target on economic growth as a key dimension of the right to development. A second target focuses on the need to measure and track the environmental impact of growth in every country by reforming national accounting systems. A third target focuses on the rapid attainment of population stabilization. The transformations needed for the world and for every country to respect planetary boundaries are addressed in the goals below (particularly SDGs 6 to 10).
What is the reasoning behind the focus on highly vulnerable states and regions?
Certain parts of the world, including the Sahel, the Horn of Africa (plus Yemen), the Great Lakes region of Central Africa, and parts of Central Asia, face extraordinary challenges as the result of the combination of extreme poverty, weak infrastructure, chronic violence, rapid population growth, and inherently difficult geographical conditions (such as being landlocked, small island states, extremely arid, highly vulnerable to droughts and floods, and/or having a high burden of communicable diseases such as malaria). Countries facing these tremendous and interconnected challenges need special international support, including timely and adequate external assistance. They also need a regional focus, since many of the problems (weak transportation, cross-border nomadism, displaced populations, droughts, epidemics, and conflicts) occur at the regional scale and must be addressed in part at that scale.
How do the proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) deal with inequalities?
The proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) deal with inequalities in several ways:
i. SDG 4 has explicit targets on ending discrimination and reducing relative poverty, which describes the proportion of households with incomes below 50 percent of the national median. Relative poverty is a widely used measure of inequality.
ii. Many of the goals emphasize universal access to various public services and infrastructure that
give every person, especially women, a fair chance at prosperity (note in particular SDGs 3 to 9). Achieving universal access will require that special strategies address deep-rooted inequalities across regions, gender, ethnicities, income levels, and other dimensions.
Recommend that the Sustainable Development Goals indicators be disaggregated as much as possible by geography, income, socio-economic group, and other identifiers to track inequalities in Sustainable Development Goals outcomes. As described in Section V, for every Sustainable Development Goals call on countries to monitor and to end inequalities in outcomes across sub-populations.
Why is hunger included under poverty instead of agriculture?
Several arguments have prompted the Leadership Council to include hunger and nutrition under extreme poverty:
i. Hunger and malnutrition are challenges that affect rural as well as urban areas, so grouping hunger under a place-based “rural” goal might weaken the focus on urban hunger;
ii. Hunger is not only a function of food availability, which a goal focused on sustainable food production might suggest;
iii. Stunting and malnutrition are key dimensions of extreme poverty that give substance to the notion of “extreme poverty in all its forms”; and
iv. A poverty/hunger goal ensures full continuity with MDG 1.
Note that in sub-Saharan Africa, the links between hunger and low agricultural productivity are especially acute, so that, in this region, the reduction of hunger and the achievement of sustainable agriculture are deeply intertwined.
How do the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) define poverty?
The term “extreme poverty in all its forms” for the multidimensional concept of poverty encapsulated in the Millennium Development Goals, comprising inter alia income poverty, hunger, gender inequality, lack of education, poor health, and lack of access to basic infrastructure services. Extreme income poverty or “absolute income poverty” is defined by the Global Bank Group as a per capita income of less than $1.25 per day. The measure social inclusion in part by the use of “relative poverty,” defined by the (OECD) as the proportion of households with incomes less than half of the national median income.
Why are some targets not quantified and marked with an asterisk? Why do some targets have numbers in square brackets?
It is important that every target can be measured at the national or local level, but not every target can be defined globally in a meaningful way, for three distinct reasons:
i. The starting points may differ too much across countries for a single meaningful quantitative standard at the global level;
ii. Some targets need to be adapted and quantified locally or may be relevant only in subsets of countries (e.g. those that refer to specific ecosystems);
iii. For some targets no global consensus exists today, and these still need to be negotiated, as is the case with greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. In the meantime, countries should establish their own plans and targets.
In some cases, proposed numerical targets are presented in square brackets since these numbers are preliminary and may need to be reviewed by the corresponding technical communities.
What does reducing to “zero” or “universal access” mean?
Many targets call for “universal access” (e.g. to infrastructure) or “zero” deprivation (e.g. extreme poverty, hunger). For each such target, the technical communities and member states will need to define the precise quantitative standard for their commitment to “universal access” or “zero” deprivation. In most cases these standards will indeed be 100 percent or 0 percent, respectively, but there may be areas where it is technically impossible to achieve 100 percent access or 0 percent deprivation. In such cases countries should aim to get as close as possible to 100 percent or 0 percent, respectively.
Why do some goals focus on outcomes whereas others focus on outputs or means?
Where possible, the Sustainable Development Goals should focus on outcomes, such as ending extreme poverty. Yet, the distinction between outcomes, outputs, and inputs needs to be handled pragmatically, and the design of goals and targets should be guided by approaches that are best suited to mobilize action and ensure accountability. For example, ensuring universal access to healthcare or high-quality early childhood development (ECD) are important commitments for every government. Goals and targets that focus on these outputs will ensure operational focus and accountability. In some instances it also makes sense to target inputs. For example, official development assistance (ODA) is critical for ensuring many Sustainable Development Goals and needs to be mobilized in every high-income country. Mobilizing resources for sustainable development is difficult, so subsuming official development assistance as an implicit input into every Sustainable Development Goal would make it harder for government leaders, citizens, and civil society organizations to argue for increased official development assistance. It would also weaken accountability for rich countries. Similar considerations apply, for example, to the proposed target on integrated reporting by governments and businesses on their contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals.
How can the targets be measured? Where are the indicators?
The targets proposed should be specified at the global and national level to ensure that they can be measured in a timely and accurate way using one or more indicators. The indicators should be well designed to enable data collection and monitoring. The statistical agencies should promote the use of advanced data tools, including remote sensing, real-time monitoring with smartphones, crowdsourcing, GIS mapping, and other techniques.
What are the reasoning and criteria behind crafting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets?
Several criteria have been identified for crafting the Sustainable Development Goals. They should be:
Universal: The goals should be applicable to all countries. In particular they should address the needs of low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries.
Comprehensive: Together, the ten goals should spell out the principal challenges of sustainable development and provide a normative framework for the global partnership needed to address the profound and interconnected challenges the world faces. For example, the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) feels that climate change is such an important challenge that these words need to appear in the title of one of the goals.
Operational: To the extent possible, each goal should address and mobilize clearly defined knowledge communities comprising government departments, business, civil society, international organizations, and academia/research. Some goals therefore focus on specific operational or place-based challenges, such as urban management, climate change, or sustainable agriculture. Others focus on cross-cutting issues like gender equality or water management that must be addressed in every goal, but should also be highlighted through a dedicated goal.
Jargon-free and easy to understand: Children should be able to learn the goals at school as a clear introduction to sustainable development. To this end the wording of the goals needs to be free of jargon. Where important technical concepts (e.g. ecosystems) are needed these should be included and become part of the introduction to sustainable development.
SMART Targets: In general, targets should be “SMART”: specific, measurable (though some targets should remain fairly general and may require the setting of national/local targets or new metrics), attainable (though some will be “stretch” goals that can be attained only with considerable effort), relevant (to the four dimensions of sustainable development), and time bound to 2030 or earlier.
Applicable to all stakeholders: The goals should apply to governments at all levels, business, civil society, international organizations, and other stakeholders.
Integrated: The goals should promote integrated thinking and put to rest the futile debates that pit one dimension of sustainable development against another
Limited in number: The Sustainable Development Solutions Network believes that ten is the maximum practical number. Beyond ten, the goals would lose the benefit of public understanding and motivation.
How do the goals relate to sustainable development and its dimensions? How do they deal with integration?
As described in this document and illustrated in Annex 2, the world’s challenges are interconnected and must therefore address all four dimensions of sustainable development (economic development and ending poverty, social inclusion, environmental sustainability, and good governance including peace and security). To reflect the need for integration, the proposed ten Sustainable Development Goals and their thirty targets have been designed to address multiple dimensions of sustainable development.
Are the proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) prioritized? How have they been ordered?
The proposed Sustainable Development Goals in such a way as to stay close to the structure of the Millennium Development Goals. They are not ordered by priority. All are very important and work in harmony with the others.
How do the proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) relate to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?
The Millennium Development Goals are the world’s shared goals for ending extreme poverty in all its forms and will expire at the end of 2015. They have supported tremendous progress, including the reduction by half of the poverty rate of developing countries taken as a group. However, the job of ending extreme poverty in all its forms is far from complete country by country, particularly among disadvantaged groups and regions within countries. For this reason, the Sustainable Development Goals start with a clear commitment to finishing the work of the Millennium Development Goals by resolving under SDG 1 to end extreme poverty and hunger by 2030. The Global Bank Group has committed to the goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030, and to achieve sustainable development in its three dimensions through promoting inclusive economic growth, protecting the environment, and promoting social inclusion. Member states may decide to include suitably updated Millennium Development Goals targets under SDG 1 as measures of extreme poverty in all its forms. Alternatively, the targets on ending extreme poverty may be distributed across the corresponding Sustainable Development Goals.
Who would such goals apply to? What would be the role of civil society and business?
The Sustainable Development Goals are universal, applying to all nations, rich and poor alike. They have a 15-year time frame, like the Millennium Development Goals, thereby covering the period 2015 to 2030. The Sustainable Development Goals should address all four dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social, environmental, and governance) and set objectives for governments at all levels, as well as for business and civil society. Not every goal will be a “stretch goal” for every country. Rich countries, for instance, will have met goals related to ending extreme poverty. Yet all countries lag behind on some dimensions of sustainable development.
Business deserves special note as a principal engine for economic growth and job creation. The term “business” comprises a great diversity of organizations ranging from small shops to large multinational corporations and financial institutions. Collectively, businesses will develop and deliver many of the new technologies, organizational models, and management systems that are needed for sustainable development. Businesses also directly account for some two-thirds of natural resource use. If businesses embrace the Sustainable Development Goals and are supported by clear government policies and rules that align private incentives with sustainable development, then rapid positive change will become possible.1 If businesses operate under values and incentives that are misaligned with the objectives of sustainable development, then the transformations outlined in this document will be impossible.
Similarly, sustainable development cannot occur without civil society doing its part. The Sustainable Development Goals are a guide and standard for civil society as well, including universities and other expert communities, non- governmental organizations (NGOs), philanthropies and foundations, environmental groups, social enterprises, and others. Each of these civil society actors will have their own distinctive role to play in support of the Sustainable Development Goals.
1 One example of a values-based business initiative that also includes a development dimension is the United Nations Global Compact
Why are the proposed goals called “Sustainable Development Goals”?
The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) adopted the principle of sustainable development goals to be crafted and adopted by United Nations member states before the end of 2015. The proposed goals outlined by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) are one of many inputs into this debate.
How does the scope of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) compare with the scope of the global policy agenda?
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are one part of the global policy framework for the period after 2015. Just as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were part of the Millennium Declaration, which goes well beyond the Millennium Development Goals to include issues of war and peace, the Sustainable Development Goals will be one part of the global policy agenda after 2015. The broader agenda including issues of war and peace, ridding the world of nuclear weapons as per the Non-Proliferation Treaty, and addressing major macroeconomic challenges such as reforming the global financial systems to prevent a repeat of the devastating 2008 financial crisis.
Why does the world need the sustainable development goals?
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) demonstrate the power of global goals, backed by quantitative targets, in building momentum for national and local action. Addressing the challenges of sustainable development requires a shared focus on ending extreme poverty in all its forms and a structural transformation in the way that national and local economies operate. The necessary focus and collaboration across actors and countries can best be achieved through shared global objectives for sustainable development. That is why the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) called for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Of course, setting global goals – even if they are based on shared values – will have little impact unless followed up by concerted action. However, averting the business-as-usual (BAU) trajectory will be nearly impossible without an ambitious and universal set of Sustainable Development Goals.
Well-crafted Sustainable Development Goals guides the public understanding of complex long-term challenges, inspire public and private action, and promote accountability. They builds on existing global initiatives and bring together ongoing efforts in sustainable development. The Sustainable Development Goals is a complementary to the tools of international laws, such as global treaties and conventions, by providing a normative framework for the global partnership needed to address the interconnected challenges the world faces. Children around the world will learn a simplified version of the goals as a clear introduction to sustainable development. For business people, government officials, civil society, and others, the goals will promote integrated thinking and help to stave off the futile debates that often pit one dimension of sustainable development against another. They will mobilize governments and the international system to strengthen measurement and monitoring for sustainable development.
What are the four dimensions of sustainable development?
The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) outcome document refers to three dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social, and environmental) and emphasizes the importance of good governance as well as peace and security, which are sometimes referred to as a foundation of sustainable development. For simplicity we refer to the four societal objectives as dimensions of sustainable development: economic development (including ending extreme poverty), social inclusion, environmental sustainability, and good governance including peace and security.
Who prepared the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and for what purpose?
The proposed goals and targets were prepared by the Leadership Council of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) to help inform the debate around Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including the work of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda, which has recently submitted its report to the United Nations Secretary-General, and the Open Working Group on the Sustainable Development Goals established at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). The Leadership Council took into consideration proposals emerging from the thematic and national consultations organized by the United Nations Task Team, other processes, and numerous reports issued by civil society and research organizations. The Leadership Council also benefited enormously from hundreds of comments received during public consultations on the document.
Where is more information about the G7?
Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy
Federal Foreign Office
Federal Ministry of Finance
Bavarian State Chancellery
What is the G7 dialogue with Civil Society?
Civil society is a crucial interlocutor for the G7 Presidencies. It plays an advocacy role, helping mobilize key actors and bringing institutions closer to the grassroots level. Civil society also encourages and monitors the leaders, to ensure that they honor the pledges they have made. Italy has initiated ongoing dialogue with all the representatives of the so-called G7 engagement groups (Business7, Civil7, ThinkThank7, Labor7, Science7, Women7 and Youth7), which will not only submit their policy recommendations to the leaders and institutions in connection with the issues on the G7 agenda, but will also organize their own parallel summits over the course of Italy’s Presidency.
What are the G7 Dialogues with the Emerging Economies, Developing Countries and International Organizations?
The involvement of the emerging economies, of developing countries and of international organizations has kept pace with, and reflects, a gradual evolution in the issues addressed by the Group of Seven. Initial interest in issues relating solely to financial stability and to macro-economic coordination were soon joined by an interest in other crucial themes ranging from development in Africa and climate change to food safety and the resolution of international crises. It was Italy, in Genoa in 2001, that inaugurated the now traditional “African segment” of the Summit, with dialogue sessions between the G7 leaders and the African countries invited by the Presidency.
Why will there be no G8 Summit? Why is Russia not taking part?
In March 2014, the G7 decided that, in view of Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea, meaningful discussions within the context of the G8 are currently not possible. Since then the meetings have continued in the G7 format.
By taking this decision the G7 emphasised that it is a community of values that cannot accept a breach of international law. That is why the G7 met in Brussels for a summit on 4 and 5 June 2014 instead of taking part in the planned G8 summit in Sochi, Russia.
Why will the President of the European Commission (EU) and the President of the European Council be there?
The first meetings between the European Community and the G7 were held in London in 1977. Since the Ottawa Summit in 1981 the European Commission has regularly attended all the working sessions. The European Union shares all the G7’s values and is itself an important economic factor.
Why is the European Union (EU) only a participant?
Because the EU, unlike the other members of the G7, is a supranational organisation and not a sovereign state. However, it has the same privileges and obligations.
The EU is one of the world’s key economic areas. It is also increasingly addressing security policy issues.
Have only members of the G7 been invited to the summit?
Other guests will be invited to the summit of the heads of state and government to discuss specific topics as part of what is known as the expanded dialogue. There is a long tradition of involving third countries and international organisations in G7 summits. The heads of state and government of various African nations are invited to one of the sessions. In a way of example, the G7 in Schloss Elmau has support the African states in their reform efforts. The aim was and still is to contribute to boosting peace, security, growth and sustainable development in Africa.
Before the G7 summits meeting will be held with representatives from business, the scientific community, trade unions, non-governmental organisations and young people from the G7 countries.
What are the G7 Working Groups?
A number of working groups comprising experts from the G7 member countries have been set up over the years to follow up on the pledges made by the Heads of State and of Government and to explore the more technical aspects of the debates in greater depth. Under the guiding hand of the Sherpas, Political Directors and Foreign Affairs Sous-Sherpas, the G7 countries’ experts address such specific issues as health, food safety, development, energy, environmental protection, non-proliferation and support for the United Nations’ peacekeeping and peace-consolidating operations.
What are the G7 Sherpas?
The G7‘s institutional structure is headed by a “Sherpa,” personal representatives of the Heads of State and of Government of the world’s seven most industrially advanced countries.
The role they play is named after the figures that guide adventurers to Himalayan peaks. Like the mountain climbing porters, the G7 Sherpas do the heavy lifting, overcoming obstacles and safely navigating the chosen paths, thereby defining those positions that will be undersigned at the Summit, on important global issues.
Sherpas are also responsible for the preparatory process preceding the Summit and oversees negotiations regarding the drafting of the Final Communiqué.
Sherpas regularly communicate with each other in connection with their respective leaders’ positions and proposals on international issues, and they are in touch with their leaders directly at all times.
The post of Sherpa is traditionally held by a high-ranking diplomat.
The Sherpas are supported in their role by Foreign Affairs Sous-Sherpas (FASS) and a Political Directors (PD). They are assisted by a representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (the PD) who is responsible for foreign and security policy issues, and by another representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (the FASS) who is generally in charge of such cross-cutting issues as the environment, social and economic aspects, and development.
The Economy and Finance Ministry, on the other hand, handles the economic and financial issues on the Summit’s agenda. Ad hoc working groups can also be set up to address particularly complex, technical issues.
Why can’t they simply hold a web conference?
Web conferences are used to exchange facts. They are not conducive to creating the informal, relaxed atmosphere in which ideas are formed and trust is established. The event would take on a completely different character.
Who will assume the presidency after Canada in 2018?
2020 United States
2021 United Kingdom
Where have summits been held in the past?
Year Place Host
Year:1975 Place:G6 Summit in Rambouillet Host:France
Year:1976 Place:G7 Summit in San Juan Host:USA
Year:1977 Place:G7 Summit in London Host:United Kingdom
Year:1978 Place:G7 Summit in Bonn Host:West Germany
Year:1979 Place:G7 Summit in Tokyo Host:Japan
Year:1980 Place:G7 Summit in Venice Host:Italy
Year:1981 Place:G7 Summit in Ottawa Host:Canada
Year:1982 Place:G7 Summit in Versailles Host:France
Year:1983 Place:G7 Summit in Williamsburg Host:USA
Year:1988 Place:G7 Summit in Toronto Host:Canada
Year:1989 Place:G7 Summit in Paris Host:France
Year:1990 Place:G7 Summit in Houston Host:USA
Year:1992 Place:G7 Summit in Munich Host:Germany
Year:1994 Place:G7 Summit in Naples Host:Italy
Year:1995 Place:G7 Summit in Halifax Host:Canada
Year:1996 Place:G7 Summit in Lyons Host:France
Year:1997 Place:G7 Summit in Denver Host:USA
Year:1998 Place:G8 Summit in Birmingham Host:United Kingdom
Year:1999 Place:G8 Summit in Cologne Host:Germany
Year:2000 Place:G8 Summit in Okinawa Host:Japan
Year:2001 Place:G8 Summit in Genoa Host:Italy
Year:2002 Place:G8 Summit in Kananaskis Host:Canada
Year:2003 Place:G8 Summit in Évian-les-Bains Host:France
Year:2004 Place:G8 Summit in Sea Island Host:USA
Year:2005 Place:G8 Summit in Gleneagles Host:United Kingdom
Year:2006 Place:G8 Summit in Saint Petersburg Host:Russia
Year:2007 Place:G8 Summit in Heiligendamm Host:Germany
Year:2008 Place:G8 Summit in Tōyako Host:Japan
Year:2009 Place:G8 Summit in L’Aquila Host:Italy
Year:2010 Place:G8 Summit in Muskoka Host:Canada
Year:2011 Place:G8 Summit in Deauville Host:France
Year:2012 Place:G8 Summit in Camp David Host:USA
Year:2013 Place:G8 Summit in Lough Erne Host:United Kingdom
Year:2014 Place:G7 Summit in Brussels Host:Belgium
Year:2015 Place:G7 Summit in Bavaria Host:Germany
Year:2016 Place:G7 Summit in Shima-shi Host:Japan
Year:2017 Place:G7 Summit in Sicily Host:Italy
Year:2018 Place:G7 Summit in Quebec Host:Canada
Who prepares the summit meetings?
The country holding the presidency is responsible for organising the annual summit and for drawing up the summit agenda. The governments’ chief negotiators, known as sherpas, do the preparatory and follow-up work. They establish on which issues agreement can be reached and where there is still need for discussion, and they prepare the final declarations containing the key outcomes of the summit.
What can the G7 achieve?
The decisions the G7 takes in full view of the world have a huge political impact. Experts refer to this as their binding effect. At home, the heads of state and government are also measured by what they achieve and agree at G7 meetings.
How does the G7 reach its decisions?
The G7 do not reach decisions by majority vote. The countries have to reach unanimous agreement on their summit declaration. Even if the decisions are not legally binding, their global impact should not be underestimated.
Who holds the G7 Presidency?
The Presidency is held by each of the member countries in turn, in the following order: France, United States, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, Italy and Canada. The European Union attends the G7 but neither chairs nor hosts Summits.
Italy will hold the Presidency from January 1 to December 31, 2017, a role it has played on five previous occasions in the history of the Group of Seven. It will thus be Italy’s responsibility to: propose and identify the Group’s priorities for action and consequently those areas requiring intervention; host and organize the technical and informal meetings that pave the way to the Summit, attended by the relevant Heads of State and of Government, as well as all the Ministerial Meetings; prepare the drafts and final texts of all supporting documents, including the Final Communiqué. The latter, adopted by the leaders at the end of each Summit, summarizes the main global issues debated during the year. While this communiqué is not a binding document in the strictest sense of the term, it is nonetheless of the utmost importance. It enshrines the pledges that the G7 Heads of State and of Government make regarding the political guidelines that they intend to pursue together.
How does the G7 work?
The G7 is a forum for dialogue at the highest level attended by the leaders of the world’s most important industrially advanced democracies. Its chief features are the intergovernmental nature of the preparatory process and its informality, which makes it easier for the leaders to discuss the world’s major issues and to rapidly devise and agree on solutions to them. Given that it is not an international organization, it is devoid of any kind of administrative structure or permanent
The G7 is not an international organisation, but what is known as an unofficial forum. That means that it does not adopt resolutions that have direct legal effect. The G7 has neither its own administrative apparatus with a permanent secretariat nor someone who acts as its members’ permanent representative. That is why the rotating presidency is so important.
Why were these G7 Summits felt to be necessary?
Because of the economic problems the countries were faced with in the 1970s: the first oil crisis and the breakdown of the system of fixed currency exchange rates. The first meeting served to exchange ideas on possible solutions. The countries taking part reached agreement on international economic policy and first measures for reversing the ongoing global economic downturn.
What are the goals of the G7?
The G7 sees itself as a community of values that stands for peace, security and a self-determined life all around the world. Freedom and human rights, democracy and the rule of law, as well as prosperity and sustainable development are key principles of the G7.
What is the origins of the G7?
The first summit, in 1975, was attended by France, Germany, the US, Britain, Japan and Italy. Known at the time as the G6, it started as a forum for non-Communist powers to address pressing economic concerns, including inflation and recession following an OPEC oil embargo.
Canada was invited to join a year later, creating the G7, which became formalised with annual meetings between the heads of the seven governments.
Representatives of the European Union have been additional participants to summits since 1981.
Russia was first invited as a guest observer in 1997 as a way to encourage then-President Boris Yeltsin's capitalist reforms, and formally joined a year later. However, it was kicked out in 2014 over the annexation of Crimea.
What is the G7 membership?
France, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and West Germany formed the Group of Six in 1975 (Canada joined the following year) to provide a venue for the non-Communist powers to address pressing economic concerns, which included inflation and a recession sparked by the OPEC oil embargo. Cold War politics invariably entered the group’s agenda.
The European Union (EU) has participated fully in the G7 since 1981 as a “nonenumerated” member. It is represented by the presidents of the European Council, which comprises the EU member states’ leaders, and the European Commission, the EU’s executive body. There is no formal criteria for membership, but participants are all developed democracies. The aggregate GDP of G7 member states makes up nearly 50 percent of the global economy, down from nearly 70 percent three decades ago.
Unlike the United Nations or the NATO, the G7 is not a formal institution with a charter and a secretariat. Instead, the presidency, which rotates annually among member states, is responsible for setting the agenda and arranging logistics. Ministers and envoys, known as sherpas, hammer out policy initiatives at meetings that precede the annual summit of national leaders.
When is the Annual Summit of the G7?
The annual G7 Summit of the Heads of State and of Government is usually held in the middle of the year and is the highest-profile event of the entire G7 Presidency. The Summit will be attended not only by the G7 member countries’ leaders, but also by the leaders of select International Organizations, and by the Heads of State and of Government of “outreach” countries and of countries invited as guests of the Presidency.
The event is spread out over two working days and winds up with the submission and adoption of the Final Communiqué. France and the United States are represented by their Heads of State, while the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Italy and Canada are represented by their Heads of Government. The European Union is represented by both the President of the European Commission and the President of the European Council.
What is the G7 Summits?
The Group of Seven (G7) comprises seven leading industrialised nations: The United States of America, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan, Canada and Germany. In addition, the European Union sends representatives to all the meetings.
The summits give the heads of state and government the opportunity to discuss their respective positions in personal meetings. A summit declaration containing the key outcomes is issued at the end of each summit meeting, sometimes along with additional reports and action plans.
Participants discuss issues that are of global importance, including global economic issues and foreign, security and development policy. They also address those issues that require political action and that generate widespread public interest.
Who or what is the G7?
The Group of Seven (G7) is an informal grouping of seven of the world’s advanced economies consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The forum offers an opportunity for G7 Leaders, Ministers and policy makers to come together each year to build consensus and set trends around some of today’s most challenging global issues.
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1 The multilateral development bank are African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, Black Sea Trade and Development Bank, Caribbean Development Bank, Council of Europe Development Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Investment Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Islamic Development Bank, and the World Bank.
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How does the Global Bank combat fraud and corruption in its projects?
The Global Bank expects borrowing countries and companies to observe the highest standards of ethics during the procurement process. Companies can report allegations of fraud and corruption to an Anti-Corruption Hotline (toll free: 1-800-000-0xxx). If the Global Bank deems that a company has engaged in fraudulent or corrupt practice, it may debar the company from competing for future Global Bank-financed contracts. A list of debarred firms is maintained on the Global Bank’s website.
What is the role of the DRRRF Gender Working Group?
The DRRRF Gender Working Group was established as a sub-group to the DRRRF Strategy Group to shape the objectives and operational pillars of the individual post-disaster recovery and reconstruction projects gender strategy. The Gender Working Group is supported by the Global Bank’s gender team in the country offices.
The DRRRF Gender Working Group will: (i) review gender aspects of DRRRF-financed activities; (ii) share knowledge and expertise on innovations in gender as they relate to the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”); (iii) propose recommendations on how gender aspects can be better captured in the DRRRF Results Management Framework; and (iv) provide support for gender mainstreaming in DRRRF portfolio management, pipeline development and new initiatives. Interested parties will be invited to participate in project review and decision meetings to provide input on gender-related aspects where relevant, with the approval of the DRRRF Management Committee.
For the background details of the DRRRF Gender Working Group are provided in the Management and Organisation Section of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund Website.
What is the role of the Global Bank in the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund?
Global Bank plays three roles: (1) Manager (to carry out fiduciary responsibilities as set out in the Global Bank DRRRF Administration Agreement), (2) The DRRRF Secretariat (a small team to support the DRRRF Steering Committee and DRRRF Technical Advisory Committee and facilitate communications between the DRRRF Steering Committee and the other partners of DRRRF), and (3) Supervising Entity of DRRRF funded and granted projects. The Global Finance and Investment Corporation (GFIC), the Global Bank Group’s private sector arm, manages the Sustainable Private Sector Disaster Risk Management Window of the DRRRF. Additionally, Global Bank's Development Impact Evaluation Initiative (DIME) has been selected by the DRRRF Steering Committee to implement in-depth impact evaluations for selected DRRRF Sustainable Public Sector Disaster Reduction and Recovery Window projects.
What is the role of the DRRRF Technical Advisory Committee?
An independent DRRRF Technical Committee (TAC) has been appointed by the DRRRF Steering Committee to provide the due diligence screening of submitted proposals as input for decisions to be made by the DRRRF Steering Committee.
The DRRRF Technical Advisory Committee is comprised of members with a high level of experience and technical expertise in helping countries integrate disaster risk management (DRM) and climate change adaptation into development strategies, establish policies and grant investment programs, including post-disaster recovery and reconstruction through the increased implementation of priority housing reconstruction and climate-smart infrastructure projects including the reviewing of Proposals submitted for financing by the requesting countries or entities from the of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”).
The DRRRF Technical Advisory Committee’s role is to provide recommendations to the DRRRF Steering Committee on a set of indicative allocations of financial support through a technical review of the submitted proposals.
For the background details of the DRRRF Technical Committee are provided in the Management and Organisation Section of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund Website.
What is the role of the DRRRF Management Committee?
The Management Committee (the "DRRRF Management Committee”) is responsible for overseeing the operations of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”). It also reviews the DRRRF finances and makes recommendations to the DRRRF Secretariat on the management of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund.
What is the role of the DRRRF Steering Committee?
The DRRRF Steering Committee (the “DRRRF Steering Committee”) has been established to oversee the overall activities of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”). The DRRRF Steering Committee sets the strategy for the DRRRF, which the DRRRF Management Committee is responsible for implementing. Decisions of the DRRRF Steering Committee are made on a consensus basis and informed by the working groups.
For the Background details of the DRRRF Steering Committee are provided in the Management and Organisation Section of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund Website.
How is the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund Managed and Governed?
The governance and organizational structure of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) includes an Administrator, a DRRRF Board of Directors, a Steering Committee, a Management Committee, a Technical Advisory Board, a Grants Committee, a DRRRF Secretariat and a Trustee, plus three working groups. This sound framework will enable the DRRRF to adapt to changing circumstances and development priorities, with consistency and consensus.
Background details of board members, advisers, technical advisers, experts or persons of similar status to these committees that are participating in the Governance and Oversight of the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund are provided in the Management and Organization Section of the Section of the DRRRF Website.
In which sectors the Global Bank Infrastructure Project Preparation Facility is expecting to support policy dialogs and financing?
Covering all countries of Global Bank’s operations, the Global Bank Infrastructure Project Preparation Facility is expected to provide preparation and policy dialogue support for public sector lending structures, frequently on a sub-sovereign, corporate finance in the following sectors and subsectors:
Energy: electricity generation; electricity transmission or distribution; natural gas transmission or distribution;
Information and communication: telecommunications networks, mobile and wireless network, broadband cable networks, data centers, last-mile internet connectivity;
Water and sanitation: water supply; wastewater and sewerage; irrigation and drainage; solid waste management;
Transportation: airports; ports; railways; mass transit; highways;
Urban Infrastructure: such as urban transport sector and related infrastructure including street rehabilitation, a concession for local road maintenance, as well as support for the preparation of a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (“SUMP”).
Environment Management Projects: Clean Heating Project, Hydropower Rehabilitation Project, Scaling Up Rural Sanitation and Water Supply Program, Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Program
What is the Sustainable Public Sector Infrastructure Window?
The Sustainable Public Sector Infrastructure Window will focus on building strong national and regional and subregional economic integration objectives and policy dialogue-driven replicability of project structures based on commercialisation, corporatisation and institutional strengthening. It will also ensure that projects are well structured and bankable, responding to these needs identified by both the Global Bank and the international consensus on infrastructure. Sustainable Public Sector Infrastructure Window is expected to prepare approximately 15-20 projects per year when operating at full capacity.
How many financing windows will be made available through the Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund
The Global Bank Disaster Risk Reduction and Reconstruction Fund – An Umbrella Trust Fund (the “Trust Fund,” “GB DRRRF,” or “DRRRF”) will feature three windows: 1) a Sustainable Public Sector Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Window (for public sector projects); 2) a ‘Sustainable DRM Window’ (the DRR Window) which is published separately on the DRRRF’s website at www.gbDRRRF.org; and 3) the Crisis Response Window
How much does project preparation cost and how is it financed?
Project preparation typically costs between 5%–10% of the project’s capital cost, and can be financed via grants, risk capital, and loans.
Project preparation costs in developing countries typically range between 5%–10% of the total project investment. The project preparation cost depends on the project’s size and complexity whether several regional governments are involved, how prolonged the preparation process becomes, and the extent to which upstream preparation is complete. Clearly, the more efficient project preparation is, the greater the leveraging effect of a dollar spent in project preparation on infrastructure delivered to the benefit of end users.
How strong or weak is the pipeline of bankable infrastructure projects?
Indicators suggest that although the pipeline is strengthening, it falls well short of projected needs.
There are no concrete figures to accurately and exhaustively quantify the magnitude of projects in development. Only a few countries publish data on projects in the prelaunch or investigatory stages. These tend to be countries with well-established track records of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure, such as Canada, the UK, and Australia. Otherwise, publicly available data sources are usually either retrospective, cataloguing historical public or private participation in infrastructure, or quantify the future need for infrastructure expenditure in aggregate terms or by sector.
The available data highlight the significant gap between historical expenditures (government and private sector combined) and future needs: worldwide expenditures on infrastructure need to more than double by 2020. Most indicators suggest that a step-function increase in expenditure of this magnitude is unlikely to generate the desired results. Where noticeable increases in infrastructure expenditure are evident in the pipeline, the increase over historical expenditure is in the 20%–40% range. A closer look at the cases of Africa, Brazil, India, and Indonesia follows.
Is lack of funding/financing the main constraint to a robust infrastructure pipeline?
Lack of financing is not exclusively, or even mainly, the issue.
The global financial crisis of 2008 has reduced bank debt available to finance infrastructure projects, as well as increased pricing, stricter lending covenants, and shorter tenors. In particular, several large European banks have deleveraged and retreated from markets in which they once played important roles.
Simultaneously, however, non-bank lending for infrastructure is taking on a new momentum.1 Infrastructure, sovereign wealth, and pension funds are looking for asset classes with steady, inflation-adjusted income streams, and development banks are working to expand the number of vehicles available to access infrastructure.
A critical obstacle slowing the flow of private capital to infrastructure is the lack of properly structured, bankable projects.2 Properly analyzed (with detailed demand, engineering, and costing analysis) and well-structured projects are able to find financing.3 This does not imply that these projects are immune to uncertainty and risk. However, inherent uncertainties are clearly identified for investors to make calculated assumptions on the probabilities of expected outcomes, translate uncertainty into risk, and factor this into an expected return.
In practice, many projects do not have an adequate fact base built during preliminary work and potential investors face ambiguity (rather than uncertainty), which cannot be quantified and translated into a risk–return tradeoff. Frequently, infrastructure projects do not attract funding because they lack the adequate level of study necessary to establish their bankability, and projects that are not deemed bankable fail to attract more than cursory investor attention.
In short, funding challenges are real and significant. However, funding sources and mechanisms are largely responsive to the depth and quality of the project pipeline, rather than the key determinants of it. The remainder of this paper will focus on this critical issue of the challenge.
1 InfraNews (2013). “How the Infrastructure Debt Market is Evolving to Accommodate a Growing Institutional Appetite.”
2 World Bank (2013). Issues Note (No. 6) for Consideration by G20: “Long-Term Financing of Infrastructure: A Look at Non-financial Constraints.”
3 Latin Finance (2010). “Infrastructure Investment: The Big Shortfall.”
What are the obstacles to a strong infrastructure project pipeline?
Insufficient focus on planning and preparation are significant impediments.
The infrastructure project pipeline is lacking in both quantity and quality. In simple terms, the demand for infrastructure is not being translated into projects (quantity); for projects that are originated, either the fundamentals drive too high a risk premium or insufficient preparation is conducted for them to be considered bankable (quality). Exacerbating this further, projects take too long to prepare.
What is the global infrastructure-financing gap?
The Global Bank has estimated that an additional US$1 trillion per annum to 2020 is required by developing countries to keep pace with consumer and producer demand for infrastructure. To keep pace with projected global GDP growth, the infrastructure financing gap increases to an estimated US$57 trillion over the period to 2030 (MDB Working Group on Infrastructure, 2011). Alternatively, the World Economic Forum estimates that close to US$2 trillion per annum will be required to meet the infrastructure needs of developing economies by 2030 (WEF, 2012).
By consensus estimates from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to the Boston Consulting Group and the World Bank Group, the estimated annual global infrastructure investment need is about US$3.7 trillion – of which only about $2.7 trillion is currently met on an annual basis. The figure does not include ‘development goals’ and emerging market economies (EMEs) would need an additional US$1 trillion per year until 2020 just to keep pace with the demands of urbanisation, growth, climate change and global integration.
This much-discussed “infrastructure gap” is large and it is widening. Even if fiscal conditions in developed and emerging economies improve, the need introduced by the infrastructure financing gap is unlikely to be met from public sources alone. This generates an expectation that private capital and user charges must be mobilized to fill these gaps.
What is the role of infrastructure services on the economic development?
Infrastructure is key to tackling poverty and promoting inclusive growth. Infrastructure helps improve access to basic services, especially for poor people, links producers to markets and connects countries to the opportunities in the global economy. Well-functioning infrastructure is essential to overcome bottlenecks to growth in emerging and developing economies, and as an enabler of private sector led growth. No country has developed without access to well-functioning infrastructure. At a time when the outlook for global growth is disappointing, investment in infrastructure can play an important role in boosting short-term demand, as well as bolstering longer-term supply capacity.
Does Global Bank Group share information about its operation with public?
Yes. Global Bank values transparency and is committed to increased access to information under the public communications policy (PCP). An essential part of our institutional governance, the public communications policy promotes proactive external relations and recognizes the right of people to seek, access, and impart information about our operations.
Global Bank's commitment to Open Bank Strategy1 is part of the Bank's efforts to foster greater openness and accountability, to provide domestic and international firms and citizens with more opportunities to learn about Global Bank and participate in international development, to drive innovation and economic opportunities for all, and at the same time create a more cost effective, efficient and responsive organization.
The emergence of open networked models made possible by digital technology has the potential to transform international development. Open network structures allow people to come together to share information, organize, and collaborate. Today’s amazing mix of cloud computing, ever-smarter mobile devices, and collaboration tools is changing the consumer landscape and bleeding into Global Bank Group as both an opportunity and a challenge. Global Bank Group will deliver and receive digital information and services anytime, anywhere and on any device safely and securely.
Global Bank Group Action Plan on Open Bank Strategy sets out our commitments for the Open Bank Partnership, which we will achieve over a three-year period through the effective and prudent use of resources. It is structured along the four streams of our Open Bank Strategy: Open Information2, Open Data3, open Knowledge4, and Open Dialogue5.
The Global Bank Group portal, www.Global-Bank.org, is expected to be fully operational by September 2016. The portal initially will cover 35 subjects in climate resilient infrastructure, climate finance and economic and human development data on more than 50 countries by 2021. The portal is expected to attract a broad range of users, including policymakers, development practitioners, infrastructure and infrastructure finance practitioners (public, private, and nongovernment sectors), trade associations, researchers, students, and journalists. The Web Site will be updated frequently, and will feature blogs and discussion forums.
1 The Open Bank Strategy is a strategy adopted by the Global Bank to demonstrate the Organization’s commitment to making it a more open, transparent and accountable entity. Through it, Global Bank information and knowledge will be publicly available through numerous accompanying initiatives such as Open Data, Open knowledge Repository and Open Finances, to name a few.
2 The Global Bank's Open Information initiative is intended to provide all interested parties and stakeholders with openness and transparency in development, from tools and knowledge resources to Bank-wide initiatives.
3 The Global Bank collects and processes large amounts of data and generates them on the basis of economic models. These data and models gradually will be made available to the public in a way that encourages reuse, whereas the recent publications describing them are available as open access under a Creative Commons Attribution License. The Global Bank's Open Data initiative is intended to provide all users with access to Global Bank data about development in countries around the globe.
4 The Global Bank will hosts the Open Knowledge Repository (OKR) as an official open access repository for its research outputs and knowledge products.
5 The success of Global Bank works depends on the ability of all affected parties to freely express their concerns. The Global Bank Group has adopted high standards of stakeholder engagement—to ensure that our clients achieve the best possible development outcomes. All our country strategies and projects are based on dialogue with stakeholders, including civil society.
What is Global Bank Group's policy on sharing information with the public?
We believe that sharing information is essential for sustainable development, so we seek out opportunities to talk about our work with the widest possible audience. Access to information stimulates public debate, broadens understanding of development issues, and enhances transparency and accountability in the development process. It also strengthens public support for development efforts, resulting in improvements in the quality of our assistance. Therefore, it is our policy to be open about our activities. To that end, we've expanded the information that we make available to the public and have streamlined access to it. Project Documents, including environmental and social assessments, are available throughout the Project Cycle, as well as our operations results, research and reviews. Approval is often withheld for projects, when project documents are not posted according to disclosure requirements. In addition, information is disseminated globally through the Public Information Centers (PIC). Public Information Centers staff members develop proactive outreach programs within their countries.Global Bank Group’s Public Information Centers disseminate development-related information and documentation on Global Bank Group operations and research to the public. The goal is to encourage dialogue, to enable people to make informed decisions on matters that affect their livelihood, and to encourage them to participate in their country’s development. These centers facilitate the production of documents in local languages, and they develop and maintain Web sites in local languages. Through public lectures, seminars, workshops, and Web casts, Global Bank Group and partner institutions worldwide make information on economic and social development widely available. Public Information Centers operate in capital cities and satellite centers. By the year 2025 centers will be located in every country in which the Global Bank Group operates.
How the leadership of Global Bank Group being selected?
In order to earn trust, credibility and legitimacy in the eyes of its stakeholders, the Executive Board of Global Bank Group has adopted an open and transparent selection process for the selection of its senior leadership that results in the most competent person being appointed regardless of their nationality.In 2014, the Global Bank Group introduced a policy implementing transparent and merit-based assessment in the selection of all Global Bank Group agency heads and other office holders working in, or in conjunction with, Global Bank Group agencies.The Global Bank Group sets out a number of factors that must be considered in determining merit. These include the applicant's education, skills, knowledge, experience, past work performance and years of continuous service in the public service.The Global Bank Group distinguishes between permanent and longer-term temporary appointments and those that are seasonal or short-term temporary appointments. Specifically, permanent appointments and temporary appointments exceeding seven months are to be the result of a process designed to appraise the knowledge, skills and abilities of eligible applicants. Employees with permanent and longer-term appointments form part of the core career professional on which Global Bank Group relies for advice and expertise. It makes sense that the Global Bank Group sets a more rigorous standard for making these types of appointments. These appointments may require recruitment to attract applicants. Individuals are assessed for merit against the selection criteria required for the job. A competitive process allows applicants to be rated and ranked relative to one another, so that those who are successful are the best-qualified candidates.Auxiliary, seasonal appointments or those for temporary periods of seven months or less still need to be based on a consideration of individual merit, but they do not require a competitive process.The recruitment and selection processes that result in merit-based appointments include these essential elements: a process used to recruit, select and assess that is transparent and fair; an assessment that is relevant to the job; and decisions that are reasonable. Merit-based hiring takes into consideration both legislation and hiring policy. Where applicable, requirements of collective agreements are also considered. These elements support a results-based approach to staffing and are considered as part of the audit and review of appointment decisions undertaken by the Office of the Merit Commissioner.
How is it that business and other companies benefit from the lending programs at the Global Bank?
Development projects undertaken with Global Bank financing typically include money to pay for materials and consulting services. Global Bank, like the multilateral development banks (MDBs)1, provides business opportunities for business and other companies by funding projects in developing countries in a wide range of sectors. According to some estimates, multilateral development banks lending and grants between 2011 and 2015 could exceed $500 billion. These contracts are awarded primarily through international competitive bidding processes. However, Global Bank allows the borrowing country to give some preference to domestic firms in awarding contracts for Global Bank-financed projects in order to help spur development; and increasingly, more contracts are being awarded domestically, on a noncompetitive basis. 1The term "multilateral development banks" includes International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, African Development Bank, African Development Fund, Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Bank for Economic Cooperation and Development in the Middle East and North Africa and Inter-American Investment Corporation.
Who is Global Bank?
Global Bank consists of both a hard-loan-window and a soft-loan-window. The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction is the-hard-loan-window provide loans at market-based rates to lower and middle-income developing countries governments. The soft-loan-window is The Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction1 (the “GFIDR”) provide loans on a concessional basis to countries unable to borrow international capital markets— together are commonly known as the “Global Bank.”
The Global Bank provides low-interest loans, interest-free credits, and grants to developing countries. There’s always a government (or “sovereign”) guarantee of repayment subject to general conditions. The Global Bank is directed to make loans for projects. These loans must have a reasonable likelihood of being repaid. The Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction was created to offer an alternative loan option. The Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction loans are free of interest and offered with grace period before the country receiving the loan needs to begin repayment. These loans are often called soft loans.
Countries usually graduate out of The Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction to The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction and eventually completely out of Global Bank.
1 Eligible Global Bank members and non-members may receive support from BIDR, the Global Fundorboth.Currently,85 countries are eligible for BIDR lending, 77 countries are eligible for Global Fund financing, and 18 countries are eligible for a blend of BIDR and the Global Fund financing (BIDR2014;Global Fund2015). The current operational cut off for the Global Fund eligibility is a per capita defined as GNI per capita below an established threshold of $1,215 in fiscal year 2015 (with an exception for small island states). That said, there is no automatic graduation rule linked to per-capita income — the operational cut off is only a trigger for initiating broader discussions about continuing Global Fund eligibility.
What is the difference between Global Bank and the Global Bank Group?
The term "Global Bank" refers only to the Bank for International Development and Reconstruction and the Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction (Global Fund). The term "Global Bank Group" incorporates five closely associated entities that work collaboratively toward poverty reduction: Global Finance Corporate (GFC),To learn more about each institution's role, visit the Global Bank Group
What are the main goals of Global Bank Group?
The Global Bank Group has set two goals for the world to achieve by 2030:
End extreme poverty by decreasing the percentage of people living on less than $1.25 a day to no more than 3%
Promote shared prosperity by fostering the income growth of the bottom 40% for every country
Global Bank Group in partnership with member and non-governments, independent specialists and other financial institutions is focused on delivering projects that create economic and development impact.The Global Bank Group's activities are focused on developing countries, in fields such as human development (e.g. education, health), agriculture and rural development (e.g. irrigation and rural services), environmental protection (e.g. pollution reduction, establishing and enforcing regulations), infrastructure (e.g. roads, urban regeneration, and electricity), large industrial construction projects, and governance (e.g. anti-corruption, institutions development). Some of our projects are co-financed with governments, other multilateral institutions, commercial banks, export credit agencies, and private sector investors. GBG will also provide or facilitate financing through trust fund partnerships with bilateral and multilateral donors.
What does Global Bank Group do?
Global Bank Group in partnership with member and non-governments, independent specialists and other financial institutions is focused on delivering projects that create economic and development impact.The Global Bank Group's activities are focused on developing countries, in fields such as human development (e.g. education, health), agriculture and rural development (e.g. irrigation and rural services), environmental protection (e.g. pollution reduction, establishing and enforcing regulations), infrastructure (e.g. roads, urban regeneration, and electricity), large industrial construction projects, and governance (e.g. anti-corruption, institutions development). Some of our projects are cofinanced with governments, other multilateral institutions, commercial banks, export credit agencies, and private sector investors.We also provide or facilitate financing through trust fund partnerships with bilateral and multilateral donors.
What is current primary focus of the Global Bank Group and strategic themes?
The current primary focus of the Global Bank Group centers on six strategic themes:
The poorest countries. Poverty reduction and sustainable growth in the poorest countries, especially in Africa.
Postconflict and fragile states. Solutions to the special challenges of postconflict countries and fragile states.
Middle-income countries. Development solutions with customized services as well as financing for middle-income countries.
Global public goods. Addressing regional and global issues that cross national borders, such as climate change, and trade.
The Arab world. Greater development and opportunity in the Arab world.
Knowledge and learning. Leveraging the best global knowledge to support development.
What are the agencies of the Global Bank and what do they do?
The term “Global Bank” refers to The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction (BIDR) and The Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction (GFIDR). The Global Bank Group refers to the BIDR and GFIDR, as well as the Global Finance Corporation (GFC), the GFC Asset Management Company (AMC); and the Global Bank Investment Guarantee Agency (GBIGA).The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction (BIRD)/Global Bank: Lends to governments of middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries.The Global Development Fund for International Development and Reconstruction (GDFIDR): provides interest-free loans-called credits-and grants to governments of the poorest countries.Global Finance Corporation (GFC): focuses exclusively on the private sector, helping developing countries achieve sustainable growth.The Global Bank Investment Guarantee Agency (GBIGA) provides noncommercial guarantees (insurance) for foreign direct investment in developing countries. It addresses concerns about investment environments and perceptions of risk, which often inhibit investment, by providing political risk insurance.GFC Asset Management Company (AMC) mobilizes and manages third-party funds for investment in emerging markets. It manages funds on behalf of a wide variety of institutional investors, including sovereign funds, pension funds, and development finance institutions.
Does Global Bank Group monitor loan performance and measure results?
Strengthening the results orientation of the Global Bank Group has been a key priority to ensure that loans and donors contributions are generating positive and lasting results on the ground. For example, Global Bank Group has created special structure in Global Bank Infrastructure Project Preparation Facility to assess results and is now working to ensure that lessons from projects are incorporated into new projects and programmes.Results are measured and managed at several levels, including by tracking outcomes at the project level and linking disbursements to the achievement of specific targets. In addition, the Global Bank will report on results through the following three publicly available forms; 1) an annual report known as the “Corporate Scorecard”; 2) an annual report prepared by an Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) housed at the Global Bank Group; and 3) a management action record, which tracks the adoption of the Independent Evaluation Bank Group’s recommendations. These transparent assessments of performance ensure that loan and donor’s dollars are being invested wisely, and will lead to long-term improvements in development results.
Who is the president of Global Bank Group?
Mr. Ron Nechemia, an American national, is the 1st President of the Global Bank Group. He was selected by the Board of the Executive Directors for a five-year renewable term.Mr. Nechemia Serves as the Chairman of the Board of Governors and President of the Global Bank Group. He is chairman of the Bank’s Board of Executive Directors and president of a group of five interrelated organizations:
The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction (BIDR);
The Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction (GFIDR);
The Global Finance Corporation (GFC);
The GFC Asset Management Company (AMC); and
The Global Bank Investment Guarantee Agency (GBIGA)
The Executive Vice Presidents of The Global Finance Corporation and The Global Bank Investment Guarantee Agency report to the President of the Global Bank GroupFor the 2013 selection, the Executive Board adopted a procedure that allowed the selection of all senior management including the President and the Managing Director in an open, merit-based, and transparent manner that results in the most competent person being appointed regardless of their nationality.
What is Global Bank?
The Global Bank is a full-fledged private sector global development bank in formation - the world’s second global development bank - positioned next to the World Bank and the preeminent regional development banks (MDBs1). The Global Bank is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. Global Bank provides financial and technical support to developing countries to help them strengthen economic management and reduce poverty. Global Bank provide a new channel through which developing country governments could borrow to finance economically productive climate resilient infrastructure assets and sustainable development while still remaining within prudent levels of debt.
We also provide direct assistance to private enterprises of developing countries through equity investments and loans.
For more information about the Global Bank, what we do and how we do it, please go to the About Us section of our website.
What is the mission of Global Bank Group?
The mission of Global Bank Group (*the “Bank Group”) is to support the economic and social development efforts of the less developed countries as they seek achievement of internationally agreed upon development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration, and to implement the recommendations of major United Nations conferences and summits. The goals lay out a blueprint for Global Bank, setting its priorities and measuring its results. GlobalBank Group’s strategic priorities are aligned to advance the United Nations’ global priorities.
What is Global Bank Group doing to fight corruption?
Our Anticorruption Policy requires all staff and parties carrying out activities financed by Global Bank Group (e.g., bidders, consulting firms, consultants, contractors, and suppliers) to adhere to the highest financial and ethical standards. The Office of Anticorruption and Integrity (OAI) conducts investigations and audits related to project procurement, and raises awareness on anticorruption issues.Contact the Office of Anticorruption and Integrity to report concerns or evidence that corruption, fraud, coercion, collusion, abuse, conflict of interest, or obstructive practice may have occurred or is occurring related to any Global Bank Group-financed activity.
Who is the founder of Global Bank Group?
Mr. Ron Nechemia is a founding member of the Global Bank Group and its various affiliate development financial institutions and the founding father of private sector development banking.
How does Global Bank differ from Commercial Bank?
The Global Bank is not a bank in the traditional sense, but rather a specialized agency. While the Global Bank lends and manages some of its funds much like a commercial bank,it is different in several important ways. First,the Global Bank lends to developing countries at lower rates than traditional markets would give to borrowing governments. Loans are used to support social and economic development projects in middle-and low-income countries. Unlike a commercial bank, Global Bank’s financial objective is not to maximize profit but to earn adequate income to ensure its financial strength and to sustain its development activities. Repayment periods on Global Bank loans are generally longer than commercial banks.The financial support and advice that the Global Bank provides largely toits members and non-members countries is designed to help them fight poverty.Commercial banks manage deposit accounts, such as checking and savings accounts, for individuals and businesses. They make loans to the public using the money held on deposit.
What are the defining characteristics of Global Bank Group?
The Global Bank Group combines the characteristics of a multilateral development bank with those of a private financial institution.
Where is Global Bank Group headquarters located?
Our headquarters is located in Newport Coast, California, USA.
What is Global Bank Group?
The Global Bank Group (GBG or the Bank Group) is composed of five separate institutions with a common mission and distinct mandates towards its fulfillment: The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction (BIDR); The Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction (GFIDR); the Global Finance Corporation (GFC); the GFC Asset Management Company (AMC); and the Global Bank Investment Guarantee Agency (GBIGA). Each agency is owned and operated by the Global Bank Group.The Global Bank Group's activities are focused on developing countries, in fields such as human development (e.g. education, health), agriculture and rural development (e.g. irrigation and rural services), environmental protection (e.g. pollution reduction, establishing and enforcing regulations), infrastructure (e.g. roads, urban regeneration, and electricity), large industrial construction projects, and governance (e.g. anti-corruption, institutions development).
What is the role of the Global Bank Group?
Global Bank Group’s aims to work with its borrowing developing countries so that they can achieve equitable and sustainable economic growth in their national economies and find effective solutions to pressing regional and global problems in economic development and environmental sustainability, all with a view to overcoming poverty and improving standards of living. It pursues this goal primarily by providing financing, risk management products and other financial services, access to experts and a pool of knowledge in development-related disciplines so that borrowing countries can pool, administer and prioritize resources they dedicate to development-related objectives.
What is the difference between Global Bank and Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction?
The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction (BIDR)The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction (BIDR) offers loans, guarantees and analytical and advisory services to middle-income countries and creditworthy poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe. It provides its clients with access to capital on favourable terms in larger volumes, with longer maturities and in a more sustainable manner than the market. BIDR raises most of its funding by selling bonds on the international capital markets. The surplus generated from BIDR lending is to a large extent used to extend grants and loans on very favourable terms to low-income countries through The Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction. The Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction (GFIDR)The Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction provides grants and loans with very long maturity period and no interest to the poorest countries to help cover the cost of lifting people out of poverty, including the cost of providing essential services in education, health water and sanitation.The Global Fund for International Development and Reconstruction credits are granted to developing countries with a GDP per capita of less than $1,135, and which do not – or only to a limited extend – have access to commercial lending and The Bank for International Development and Reconstruction loans.
How is Global Bank Group Governed?
Global Bank’s decision-making structure consists of the Board of Governors, the Board of Executive Directors and the President and staff. The Board of Governors is the highest decision-making authority. Members of the Board Governors are appointed by the shareholders of Global Bank for five-year terms, which are renewable. The Board of Governors may delegate authority to the Board of Executive Directors to exercise any of its powers, with the exception of certain powers enumerated in Global Bank’s Articles.In accordance with its Articles, members of the Board of Executive Directors are appointed or elected every two years. The Board is composed of 22 Executive Directors. These Executive Directors are neither officers nor staff of Global bank. The President of Global Bank, Ron Nechemia, is the only member of the Board of Executive Directors from management, serving as a non-voting member and as Chairman of the Board.
How can I contact the Global Bank Group staff?
The Contact page can provide you with this information.
You can also find Global Bank Group experts on the Who’s Who page in the About Us section. Since only a portion of the knowledge and expertise of the Global Bank Group's staff is found on these pages, please contact us via our Media Relations Contact Form to locate an expert on a subject that is not specifically listed.
Could you define the key operational principles for implementation of the Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan?
Four aspects are critical to the Global Bank Group’s approach to infrastructure in Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan:
Address the core access agenda in the following infrastructure sectors: transport, energy, water, and Information and Communication Technologies for development;
Maximize effectiveness through a focused approach to complex cross-sectoral issues such as the role of infrastructure in climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts, the role of public–private partnership (PPP) in the provision of infrastructure services, and new ways to provide infrastructure support for rural-urban integration and development;
Focus on social and environmental objectives in addition to the economic/financial viability, and ensure access to affordable infrastructure services through a platform of strong governance; and
Leverage Global Bank Group financing through:
Support to governments to create a market environment supportive of private investment;
Direct support for private financing of infrastructure;
Increased advocacy to ramp up harmonized donor financing; and
Systematic use of financial products that address the financial risks faced by clients and reduce the overall project costs
What are the Emerging models of Global Bank Infrastructure Financing supports?
The scale and reach of Global Bank Group supports to developing countries allows them to trial non-traditional forms of development assistance, which, if successful, can be integrated into the wider suite of programs. We focus on three models of assistance that, while being relatively mature in the developed world, are emerging as important mechanisms for promoting greater private sector involvement in infrastructure in developing countries: private equity funds, public-private partnerships, and output-based aid.
By investing in a private equity fund, rather than in projects directly, Global Bank Group can promote greater reputational credibility, development credentials and good governance, whilst drawing on the deal-making capabilities of the private sector. With these benefits, Global Bank Group argues they can ‘catalyse’ or ‘mobilise’ greater private sector involvement in financing infrastructure in developing countries.
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
Public-private partnerships are long-term relationships between private contractors and the government to provide for the construction, operation and maintenance of infrastructure assets (English, 2006). The OECD (2011) identifies the key features distinguishing a public-private partnerships approach as including: a focus on purchasing services rather than assets; clear specification of outputs; appropriate risk of asset performance being borne by the private party; and assessments of value for money.
Output-based Aid
Output-Based Aid (OBA) is an approach designed to increase access to and delivery of basic services (outputs) to people living in poverty using performance-based incentives, rewards, or subsidies. Output-Based Aid links the payment of aid to the delivery of specific services. Under an Output-Based Aid scheme, service delivery is contracted out to a third party, which receives a payment from Global Bank to either complement or replace user charging. The third party is responsible for ‘pre-financing’ the projects until services are delivered. The subsidy is performance-based, meaning that most of the subsidy is paid only after the services have been delivered and independently verified. By focusing on service outputs, Output-Based Aid represents a change from traditional methods of aid that focus on inputs to service providers.
The Global Bank’s Output-Based Aid program attempts to improve the delivery of basic infrastructure and social services to the poor by integrating the Output-Based Aid approach across financing operations.
How Global Bank Group supports infrastructure development?
Global Bank Group is evaluating how their activities impact on infrastructure development in developing countries and considering ways to expand their involvement. Global Bank led the preparation of a paper on the role of Global Bank Group in support of long-term financing. Infrastructure development often requires long-term financing given the high construction costs and long asset lives of facilities like road, ports and power stations.
Chelsky and Morel considered the ‘additionality’ provided by development banks to long-term financing. This included whether a project would have gone ahead without official-sector involvement which, if so, would represent a waste of development banks resources. This concept of ‘additionality’ is also referred to as ‘catalysing’, ‘mobilising’ or ‘crowding in’6 new resources. The extent of additionality development banks provide for infrastructure financing cannot easily be proven (or indeed disproven, such as when an investor says s/he would not have invested if not for the presence of an development banks).
Global Bank Group identifies a variety of ways in which Global Bank Group contribute to long-term investment, which we have grouped into four basic categories, as follows.
Direct financial assistance from Global Bank Group
Indirect financial assistance –Global Bank Group as catalyst
Non-finanicial Global Bank Group project assistance
Global Bank Group improving the investment climate
What is the global infrastructure financing gap?
The World Bank has estimated that an additional US$1 trillion per annum to 2020 is required by developing countries to keep pace with consumer and producer demand for infrastructure. To keep pace with projected global GDP growth, the infrastructure financing gap increases to an estimated US$57 trillion over the period to 2030 (MDB Working Group on Infrastructure, 2011). Alternatively, the World Economic Forum (WEF ) estimates that close to US$2 trillion per annum will be required to meet the infrastructure needs of developing economies by 2030 (WEF, 2012).
For the Asia-Pacific, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates that $750 billion in financing each year will be required by 2020 to meet the region’s infrastructure needs (ADB, 2011).
What are the key challenges for the Global Bank Group in implementation of the Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan?
Global Bank Group needs to improve its agility in responding to client and stakeholder demands at several levels, including:
Increase joint work, such as joint Global Bank- Global Finance Corporation sub-national transactions and Global Bank- Global Bank Investment Guarantee Agency -Global Finance Corporation collaboration on large and complex infrastructure projects, particularly energy sector projects in Africa; joint advisory services and upstream Analytical and Advisory Activities; and develop rules of joint engagement for common Global Bank Group product lines;
Reduce the non-financial costs of doing business in high priority sectors, including hydropower;
Improve results monitoring and evaluation of the sustainable infrastructure interventions;
Increase the utilization of the Global Bank Group financial expertise and access to multiple financial resources for transactions packaging for high priority objectives, such as the mitigation of sovereign and natural catastrophic risks; and
Maximize the benefits from the Sustainable Development Network Vice-presidency integration, including through training and recruitment.
What are the four basic pillars of the Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan?
There has to be progress in supporting developing countries as they meet the enormous lags in the access agenda of core infrastructure sectors (transport, water, energy, and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)). Advances in this core access agenda requires focused attention on key cross-cutting issues: climate change, the role of the private sector, regional disparities in infrastructure service delivery, rapidly growing demand for infrastructure in urbanizing economies, affordability, and the need to support and build upon technological advances;
There is a need to embed sustainability in infrastructure services going beyond “do-no-harm” objectives. In addition to the traditional economic and financial viability of infrastructure services, the design of infrastructure programs needs to support environmental sustainability and social inclusion: the “triple bottom line;”
It is paramount to ensure support for a strong governance framework for infrastructure services: efficient and effective use of public and private resources, strong results monitoring systems to measure the access and sustainability outcomes of infrastructure spending, and effective anti-corruption action programs;
The Global Bank Group can leverage its financing by mobilizing additional private financing and harmonized aid resources for infrastructure, using its platform to support developing countries.
Why do you consider the Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan an “umbrella framework”?
Global Bank Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan has been prepared as an umbrella framework that brings together the lessons of the multilateral development bank’s (MDB) infrastructure experience from the past decades and the more recent achievements in public-private partnership and infrastructure development. The umbrella framework character of Global Bank Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan provides broad orientation to the many individual efforts to increase infrastructure support by the different institutions of the Global Bank Group through multiple product lines.
What is Global Bank Group strategy for infrastructure?
The proposed Global Bank Group Strategy recognizes the diversity in development needs of developing countries, which calls for different responses. Capacity in accessing advisory services and knowledge products and in using them to design and implement infrastructure projects and programs is critical for most middle-income countries. However, for low-income countries and fragile states, the situation is quite different. The institutional, organizational, and human capacities of most of them are weak or have been destroyed by wars or civil strife.
The Global Bank Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan “emphasizes the potential impact of bringing together the different members of the Global Bank Group as they scale up their operation, with our respective skills and instruments, in advancing transformational projects in developing countries. It looks at what is required—in terms of partnership, knowledge, advice, and projects—for infrastructure to accelerate growth and even shift client countries toward a more sustainable development trajectory. It also supports a vision of who will finance infrastructure solutions.
The Global Bank Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan defines Global Bank Group engagement in infrastructure across sectors in order to respond to demands for more cross-cutting and integrated solutions. The Global Bank Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan attempts to address these new trends in an integrative fashion, maximizing effectiveness through cross sectoral synergies, leveraging resources from multiple sources, and mainstreaming sustainability (addressing economic/financial, environmental, and social concerns). It outlines three main pillars of future Global Bank Group infrastructure investment. The first is to invest in typical infrastructure projects, “while increasing effectiveness in the areas of poverty, governance, gender and knowledge."
The second pillar is a new focus on large “transformational” projects that “maximise green, regional, and inclusive/broader development benefits”. These will also represent “points of leverage in the universe of potential infrastructure investments opportunities”, meaning projects that involve a greater diversity of financing sources such as donor governments, including new middle-income donors, international mechanisms such as climate funds, and the private sector.
The third pillar aims to bring in “more private sector financing”. The Global Finance Corporation (GFC), the Global Bank Group’s private sector arm, is creating new investment vehicles such as private equity funds and other types of funds for infrastructure to “ramp up” business, while the Global Bank Investment Guarantee Agency (GBIGA), the Global Bank Group’s risk insurance agency, will “scale-up its guarantee support to the infrastructure sector".
The Global Bank Group is also implementing an action plan to double private sector engagement in public–private partnership (PPPs) in infrastructure. This strategy will ensure that Global Bank Group response for infrastructure financing at a time when governments are fiscally constrained and official development assistance flows have been reduced. There is an increased need to bring the private sector in the equation.
What do we mean by Sustainable Infrastructure?
Countries around the world are confronted with the challenge of satisfying their citizens’ demand for high-quality infrastructure services, while facing severe fiscal constraints. The importance of infrastructure sustainability has gained increasing room in the global discussion. Indeed, infrastructure sustainability is at the core of the global sustainable development agenda: 6 out of the 17 preliminary Sustainable Development Goals deal directly with infrastructure. While the concept of sustainable infrastructure has been traditionally associated with building environmentally sound, or “green” infrastructure, it becomes increasingly evident as each day passes that it reaches well beyond the environmental dimension.
Although there is no final consensus on what sustainable infrastructure entails – as evidenced by the multiplicity of rating and assessment schemes produced in the past few years – there is some agreement with the idea that a comprehensive approach to sustainability should seek to devise infrastructure that is tailored to local social, economic and ecological environment and caters the need for infrastructure services in the most effective and efficient way. This requires not only assessing and addressing environmental risks. Sustainability also requires assuring financial resources to maintain infrastructure over its entire lifespan, considering users’ preferences and needs in the design (for maximum effectiveness), and understanding the institutional and political dynamics in order to guarantee projects’ endurance through the political cycle.
What are the trends in the external environment that affect the way infrastructure services are planned, financed, and operated?
Global Bank Group support to infrastructure is accompanied by dramatic changes in the external environment. Eight trends in particular have been affecting, and will continue to affect, the way infrastructure services are planned, financed, and operated:
Climate change;
The globalization of trade and services;
The growing regional disparities in the context of rapid urbanization and decentralization;
Changing global financial conditions, including increases in private investment in infrastructure in emerging markets;
An increasingly complex global aid architecture;
Rising energy prices;
Potential breakthroughs in technologies for delivering infrastructure services in a more sustainable manner; and
The food prices crisis.
These global trends, together with the still large infrastructure service delivery gaps—884 million people without access to safe water, 1.6 billion without electricity, and 2.5 billion without sanitation and the estimated one billion people without easy access to an all- weather road —caused the Global Bank Group to analyze its role in infrastructure.
Why was the Global Bank Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan launched?
The growing awareness of the impact of the infrastructure deficit and its impact on developing countries’ poverty reduction and economic growth prospects prompted calls for the Global Bank to engage and scale up its assistance. Upon request from the Board of Executive Directors, Management launched the Global Bank Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan (GBSIAP) in 2016 for the FY16-21 period.
What are the investment needs in infrastructure in developing countries? What is the expected direct contribution from the Global Bank Group?
The total demand for infrastructure investment and maintenance from developing countries is estimated at over US$900 billion per annum. Even at the current Global Bank’s financing target of US$5 to US$7 billion per annum, plus planned future increases, direct Global Bank Group financing would remain modest relative to total needs.
The Global Bank Group estimates that by the end of the Global Bank Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan, its direct financing support for infrastructure investments will reach US$45 billion. We also anticipate that these amounts will leverage an additional US$50 to US$75 billion in public and private financing for infrastructure.
What is the Global Bank Sustainable Infrastructure Action Plan (GBSIAP)?
It is a strategic framework that outlines how the Global Bank Group ("GBG" or the "Bank Group") and its affiliates will expand its lending and non-lending activities over the next five years to respond to the critical needs for infrastructure financing in developing countries.
The Global Bank Group plans to use its financing strength, risk mitigation activities, knowledge capital, and environmental and social safeguards to help countries expand their infrastructure base and maintain facilities in order to respond to the needs of hundreds of millions of poor people in developing countries. We expect that up to US$45 billion in funding will be mobilized over a five-year period via Global Bank Group financing, Official Development Assistance, and other public and private sources.
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Games With Gold April 2018 Revealed: The Witness And Assassin’s Creed Syndicate
Microsoft has confirmed the Games With Gold lineup for the month of April 2018. Among the new additions are two major games: The Witness from Jonathan Blow and Assassin’s Creed Syndicate from Ubisoft. These games will be available to play if you have an active Xbox Live Gold subscription starting next month.
In addition to these two games for the Xbox One, Xbox 360 users will be able to enjoy Dead Space 2 and Cars 2 for their console. If you have an Xbox One, you can still enjoy these games through backwards compatibility. The full lineup is as follow.
April's #GamesWithGold starts the month off with The Witness and Cars 2: The Video Game https://t.co/9aoWM0DTfm pic.twitter.com/xOlQ4Se8AS
— 💬 Larry Hryb (@majornelson) March 28, 2018
Assassin’s Creed Syndicate
Xbox Live Gold is a monthly subscription service required to play online on the Xbox One or Xbox 360. You can also get additional discounts on deals and free games every month if you are a member of this subscription service.
Xbox Live Gold games works a little differently than the PlayStation Plus free games for the Xbox 360. If you buy the Xbox 360 games, they will be your forever while the Xbox One games will be removed if you don’t subscribe to the service. Still, it is a nice incentive to subscribe for those who don’t play online multiplayer much in order to keep a subscription cost justified.
Let us know what do you think about the upcoming Games With Gold lineup for April 2018 in the comments below.
Xbox Live Games With Gold For May 2019 Revealed By Microsoft
Xbox Live Games With Gold For November 2018 Announced
Xbox Live Games With Gold October 2018 Revealed
Xbox Live Games With Gold For Sepetmeber 2018 Announced
Games With Gold September 2018 – What To Expect?
Here Are The Free Games For Xbox Live Games With Gold In August 2018
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Tag Archives: Team Spider
Mike Dirnt Sings Good Riddance with Billie Joe at American Idiot – Team Spider Video
Special thanks to Team Spider for sending in the video below!
Team Spider is a local punk bike activist group here in New York City. They are hardcore proponents of the right to free assembly, and are participants in the Critical Mass bike rides that take place here in the city and around the world. I believe that they are also part of Time’s Up, a local environmental direct action group here in New York, and participate in the heart of New York’s punk scene, C-Squat on Avenue C. I’ve been to C-Squat a few times lately, and have seen some excellent shows. While I stick out like a sore thumb, being that the venue is crusty punk, and I’m totally a middle-aged woman trying to hold onto youth, lol, everyone has always been super nice and friendly. I admire their stance, and frankly, courage, in regards to life. I couldn’t live the life, but I have to say thanks to such groups who keep it real, taking action against what they see as injustices in the world in regards to social issues.
Anyway, they got Front Row AA tickets to American Idiot recently. While they did not enjoy the show as much as a fan of it would like them to, they did take a great video of Mike Dirnt playing with Billie Joe Armstrong on 1/22/11 at the St. James Theater.
Special thanks to Team Spider for sending in the video!
In reading their review, looking at it as they do from the stance of street activism and the life of punks, they take exception to a lot in the show. In fact, they hate it! And it’s ok. Not everyone will love American Idiot, and surely, some folks won’t even like it. I remember the first time that I saw it in Berkeley, I had such conflicts with the production that I had to get drunk that first night in September 2009. Since then I’ve fallen in love with the production, but it’s taken me a long time to reconcile my not-so-in-love-with-Broadway feelings to my so-in-love-with-the-music feelings. Most of all, I go for the music, which has always been the star of the show to me, even beyond Billie Joe making his appearances as St. Jimmy. I’ve also been able to see how the performers have developed their characters, and to appreciate the hybrid opera/concert/musical experience.
Of course, I wish Team Spider had liked it, but looking at the show from a real-life view from the street, any production on Broadway is so far away from C-Squat on Avenue C, that I’m just glad that they went! I would take exception to one thing, though: I don’t think that Green Day did American Idiot on Broadway for the money, which is just another way to accuse them of selling out. I do think they did it for the love of creating. Of course, money doesn’t hurt, but for a production that has barely made its initial costs back (and I’m assuming that it has by now) hasn’t made its initial costs back at this point, implying that they possibly did it for money is pretty far from the truth. Though of course, royalties are always cool.
Enjoy the video!
3 Comments | tags: American Idiot, Billie Joe Armstrong, Green Day, Mike Dirnt, Team Spider | posted in Green Day's American Idiot (Musical)
What I Heard: Oct. 29-Nov. 5, 2010
Since Green Day’s tour ended, there is really nothing much to talk about when it comes to the band. The Twitter feed has gone silent as Billie Joe had a technology rant at the concert in Peru and I have a feeling we won’t be hearing from him for a long while as Green Day headed back to the Oakland area to work on whatever they are currently working on. I had thought I would stop blogging at this site, but I decided at the last minute to keep it up and talk about not only Green Day, but other music, theater, social and political musings as well. I’ve been a bit busy with a maniacal project at work, and haven’t blogged much over the last week. I hope this column will be a weekly roundup of events I’ve gone to and hopefully will be able to bring you new music and acts to check out for yourself. Just a note: you won’t like what I like and vice-versa. This is just a place to share what I heard. Here goes the first one, What I Heard over the week of Friday, Oct. 29 to Friday, Nov. 5.
Japanther, Dog That Bites Everyone and Team Spider – C-Squat, NYC – Oct. 29, 2010
A few months ago, I traveled to California to see Green Day’s last American shows of their tour. The tour ended in Mountain View, just outside of San Francisco. At the same time, a small music festival called “Hoodstock” was going on in Oakland and the first night of Hoodstock occurred the same night as Green Day and featured the Brooklyn-based, two-piece band known as Japanther. I was a bit bummed that I couldn’t see them at Hoodstock. I swore when they came back home to the Brooklyn area that I would indulge in a little Brooklyn art-school noise, and luckily, a small show for Time’s Up, a “New York City-based not-for-profit direct-action environmental group that uses events and educational programs to promote a more sustainable, less toxic city” benefit happened at C-Squat in Manhattan’s East Village just before Halloween.
Cometbus Words at C-Squat. Photo by GDM
C-Squat is the heart of Manhattan’s anarcho-crusty-punk, whatever-it’s-called, music and political scene. Since I’m not what I would call a punk and am too old to really fit in, I was a bit worried about feeling out of place. I go to a lot of events by myself and feel out of place everywhere, so it’s not necessarily just at punk shows do I feel like a strange misfit. Luckily my friend Mike Chickenman introduced me to a few people at C-Squat, and I also saw a girl there that Mike had introduced me to when we saw Bad Religion at Irving Place on Wednesday of that week. I also met a kid named Grim at the venue, and he was kind enough to talk with me for a little bit. I ran into some politically-minded people that I have met over the last years at the Time’s Up benefit also, so I began to feel a little less out of place than I usually do. I don’t consider myself a punk (as no one else would either), and I don’t fit easily into any “scene.” Luckily, by the time that Japanther hit the stage, my inhibitions about my own sense of identity faded away, and I almost hurt myself dancing when I joined in with the younguns on the tiny dance floor. I’m always amazed at shows that have a crazy dance floor. On the whole, people take care of each other as they are slamming into one another, unlike the pit at Green Day’s Montreal show that I went to back in August, where people were just assholes.
C-Squat is also where on-the-road ‘zine legend Aaron Cometbus recently wheatpasted some of his original Cometbus writings on one wall and floor, and I took a few pictures of his work for a friend who is a huge Cometbus fan. I only had my iPhone on me, and the few crappy pictures of the night that that I took can be viewed here.
Team Spider at C-Squat. Photo by GDM
I started the night watching the bands from the balcony, as Mike had left by this time to head to work and I still didn’t yet feel comfortable enough to hang out on the floor. I also kinda love to watch a dance floor from above, too. The night began with the band Team Spider, a mix of ska and punk, and they got the small crowd going as bodies slammed into other as they will do to music with idiosyncratic beats. When dancers fell, others were there to pick them up, even as masked Halloween dancers violently pushed each other and a dog ran through the crowd chasing a ball. The band itself was fun, and I liked their song “Fuck Brakes,” which basically is about, well, the freedom to chose brakes or not, or Live Free or Fucking Die. The lead singer wore a bike helmet with a NYS license plate stuck through it, and I have the feeling that he’s had more than one encounter between bike and car in his life. You can listen to some of their songs at their Myspace page, including “Fuck Brakes,” located here.
Dog That Bites Everyone EP Cover. Photo by GDM
The next band up was Dog That Bites Everyone. I had seen them open for Star Fucking Hipsters in Tompkins Square Park over the summer, and I enjoyed their mix of garage rock and r&b. They are a difficult band to categorize, and I enjoy that, too. The crowd had gotten a bit denser by this time, filling up with people there for the Time’s Up benefit that weren’t really into dancing, so the crowd didn’t move as much as they did for the first band. I thought to myself that when Japanther went on, those folks were really going to have to get out of the way or be crushed, and I ended up being right about that. I was still up in the balcony for the band’s set, but I knew that my time was limited there as the person next to me, who was really drunk, threw up over the balcony and really needed to go home. Here are a few pictures of their show at C-Squat from their Myspace page.
After Dog That Bites Everyone, I was going to head outside for a smoke, but they weren’t letting people outside as capacity had been reached, so I ended up talking at the door with a doorman and some crazy funny kid who was trying to decipher a strange text message and picture that he had received from a friend. The kid couldn’t figure out if the picture and accompanying text meant a booty call or not, but I was a little scared for him as the text message mentioned blow torches and pliers, and I told him that he had two choices: call the guy and figure what the heck he meant or stay and see Japanther and not run the risk of third-degree burns. I have no idea what he decided, as I headed back in after the smoke and Japanther were ready to go on anyway. I headed to the floor and was determined to dance as much as this old body could.
Japanther is a two-piece band made up of drums, bass, and a cassette sound machine. The two members of the band, Ian Vanek and Matt Reilly, met at the Pratt Institute art school in Brooklyn, and have an art school sensibility mixed with punk and a techno beat, I suppose. They’ve been around since 2001. While the sound might not be for everyone, I guarantee you that if you see them, you will be compelled to throw yourself into a few sweaty bodies and loose all sense of physical inhibition. Oh wait, that just could be what I did for their show. Your experience, of course, may be different.
Japanther – “River Phoenix”
World/Inferno Friendship Society and In Cadeo – Brooklyn Bowl, Halloween, Oct. 31, 2010
I was looking forward to this show so much, and I think my expectations of meeting new people and enjoying a fun Halloween were blown out of proportion in my head. It’s not that I didn’t have a good experience hearing and seeing World/Inferno Friendship Society, I did, but as someone who goes to a lot of events by themselves, I felt incredibly lonely at this show where everyone seemed to know each other and were in on the Great Pumpkin Experience.
Mike was there again, and a few people that I’ve met, but Mike was working and others knew scores of people there, and due to my mood, I didn’t have that Friendship experience. I was feeling a bit sorry for myself, another loser night by myself, and got way too overwhelmed and left early. Plus, I was still incredibly tired and in pain from Friday’s Japanther show at C-Squat.
In Cadeo - Brooklyn Bowl. Photo by GDM
The first band, In Cadeo, was not my cup of tea. They fashion themselves after the band, The National, and while they are incredibly accomplished musicians with a big sound that included cello, I was bored stiff watching them. Reading their press, they are placed in a grunge/punk category, but I think they are more hipster-sounding grunge, if there is such a thing. (Ugh, categories!) I am very good at moving to any band that I see onstage if their music moves me, and I have no qualms about bopping my head if the beat is right. Unfortunately for me, In Cadeo bored me to tears, but that also might be due to the incredibly crappy mood that I was in. You can hear some of their songs at their Myspace page, and they have incredibly positive press, so don’t let my bad mood affect your listening pleasure. I enjoyed their lyrics and the song, “The Archer,” so make sure you check that one out.
World/Inferno Friendship Society - Brooklyn Bowl. Photo by GDM
Feeling like Lucy with her head stuck in water. Photo by GDM
As the time neared for W/IFS’s performance, the crowd packed into the space around the stage tighter. If you’ve never been to the Brooklyn Bowl, it’s part bowling alley, part bar, part stage area, and it’s huge. The intimacy of C-Squat wasn’t there, and again, my mood and body wasn’t the best. I huddled into a corner with my back to a wall but close to the stage. I was hoping that I would be compelled to fling myself into the pit at some point, but it just wasn’t happening, but it was fun to see the crowd go wild and it was evident that this musical collective, with a rotating cast of musicians (and an aerial performance, too!) and the audience have a great chemistry together that has been cultivated over a long period of time. [Read the Wiki page for more info.] I hope that if I see them again, I’m in a better spirit because I love their sound: part-punk and gypsy-rock with a touch of Weimer-era Germany thrown in, too, and I heart tremendously any band that combines an excellent front showman with brass. I hope to see them again when I’m not in such a holiday funk.
Showgasm at Ars Nova with Visiting House Band Declan Bennett
Last night’s show was a cabaret showcase called Showgasm, which takes place at the Manhattan space, Ars Nova, on W. 54th Street. I went to see Declan Bennett play with members of the American Idiot cast, including ensemble member, drummer Gerard Canonico, bassist Chase Peacock, and Jared Stein, assistant musical director of the show, on piano. Chase Peacock and Brian Charles Johnson of American Idiot also performed as their two-piece rap band, Fran Sancisco, doing two songs, including “Roofie Girl,” which is basically a rap about getting girls high on roofies cause they can’t get them any other way.
I was quite impressed with Bennett’s sound and style, and as usual, impressed with the drumming of Gerard Canonico and Jared Stein on piano. I had never heard Chase Peacock play the bass, except for a few months ago at a Green Day Rock Band event, and I give him a thumbs-up as well. There was a cello player also, but unfortunately, I did not catch his name. Bennett’s style is soulful and his lyrics are touching. He’s quite earnest in his performance and music. It was the first time I had heard him play and I couldn’t really hear him speak from where I was sitting when he said the titles of songs, but his MySpace page contains at least one that he performed called “Blu Tack” that I really enjoyed. I look forward to hearing him perform again.
The night itself showcased several comedy acts and there were some laugh-out-loud performances, including one of the funniest performers I’ve seen in a while, Amy Albert. Her Delilah Dix character is a washed-up cabaret/movie star who likes to tell her tales of hanging out with the likes of David Hasselhoff and Paula Abdul, and she has a great cabaret voice and musical style. Check out her website for a clip of her act. I also enjoyed the host comedian, Billy Eichner, who tried to show his video, “Forest Hills State of Mind” based on Jay-Z’s “Empire State of Mind,” but the video just wasn’t cooperating. The full lineup of acts who performed can be found on the Ars Nova Showgasm site, located here.
Forest Hills State of Mind – Billy Eichner with Rachel Dratch and vocals by Amy Albert
Things I Wish I Could Have Heard
Lastly, there were three performances this week that I wish I could have gone too, but hell, you can’t do everything. Roger Waters performed “The Wall” this week in New York City and Social Distortion played with Lucero and Frank Turner at Roseland. On a smaller scale, an acquaintance of mine, Christian Gibbs (who played in the house band for Lizzie Borden: The Show) had a cd release party last night at the 92StY’s Tribeca space. His band is called Lucinda Black Bear and the album is called Knives, which is a follow-up to their first album, capo my heart. I love them. Check out the band at their site, located here.
That’s it for this week. I hope that I get to hear/see/do some stuff this week to report back to you!
11 Comments | tags: Aaron Cometbus, Ars Nova, C-Squat, Declan Bennent, Dog That Bites Everyone, In Cadeo, Japanther, Lucinda Black Bear, Showgasm, Star Fucking Hipsters, Team Spider, World/Inferno Friendship Society
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2011 September Beverly Hills Signature Historical Manuscripts AuctionAuction #6057
Abraham Lincoln Autograph Endorsement Signed....
Abraham Lincoln Autograph Endorsement Signed. Four integral pages with handwritten text on pages one, two, and four; 7.25" x 9.75"; [Washington, D.C.]; July 26, 1862. Lincoln writes his endorsement on page four and in response to a letter signed by Colonel R. E. Clark[?] of the Union Army of Virginia. The colonel wrote his letter to "Hon. James S. Rollins M. C.," who had been representing Missouri in the House of Representatives since March 1861, recommending his "nephew Henry D. Saxton of Massachusetts - who is desirous of procurring a commission as Lieutenant in one of the Regular Infantry Regiments. He has been connected with the army for some months as clerk in the Quarter Masters Department which has familiarized him with Military Matters to a considerable extent - but does not satisfy his ambitions to serve his country and hence his desire to enter active service." The colonel continues by assuring Mr. Rollins that his nephew is "moral in every sense." Below the colonel's letter, Rollins has written and signed an endorsement reading, "I most cheerfully concur in the foregoing recommendation - Young Mr. Saxton would make an Excellent officer - He is virtuous, intelligent, Energetic and brave. . . . I shall be much gratified, if the appointment which he asks may be conferred upon him. July 26th 1862
[signed] James S. Rollins."
In the top margin on the final page in a folded panel is written, "Application of Henry D. Saxton for a Lieutenancy in the Regular Army." Below, also in the folded panel, Lincoln has written in full:
"I would be very glad for Hon. Mr. Rollins to be obliged by the appointment he within recommends, if it can be confidently made -
[Signed] A. Lincoln
July 26, 1862."
Below Lincoln's endorsement in red ink in another hand is written, "A.B. July 31, 1862 / File M.D." Below that in black ink, "War Dept. Ans. July 26, 1862."
The letter is framed and matted to an overall size of 31.75" x 35.5". Lincoln's endorsement is displayed with facsimiles of all other pages of the letter, along with an identification nameplate and an image of President Lincoln. The president's endorsement and signature are bold. The paper is lightly toned with folds.
13th-14th Tuesday-Wednesday
E-mail Michael Riley or call 1-800-872-6467 x1467
Heritage Auctions and Mr. Chad Reingold were...professional and courteous in all transactions and provided outstanding service in answering my many emails. I recommend them at the highest level.
Killy M.,
Melbourne Beach, FL
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John Harvard's Journal | Sports
Rebuilding or Reloading?
by Dick Friedman
New quarterback Joe Viviano ’17 unfurled passes with force and finesse, even as defenses had to account for his dangerous running ability. Photograph courtesy of Harvard Athletic Communications
Photograph courtesy of Harvard Athletic Communications
It was either sheer inertia or a heartfelt tribute to Tim Murphy that made the voters in the Ivy League’s preseason football poll place two-time defending champion Harvard on top again for 2016. More likely it was the latter; in his 22 seasons on the Crimson sideline, the coach had produced nine titles, plus a startling 15 consecutive seasons with seven or more wins. Moreover, in the previous three seasons Harvard was an omnipotent 28-2. Still, could any program survive the loss through graduation of 13 All-Ivy performers (including the league’s 2015 offensive player of the year, quarterback Scott Hosch ’16) and deserve to be tabbed number one? Wasn’t 2016 a season for lowered expectations?
In the early going, the wisdom of the crowd seemed to be confirmed. Spearheaded by Hosch’s replacement, Joe Viviano ’17, the Crimson got off to a strong start, with easy victories over non-conference foes Rhode Island and Georgetown sandwiched around an impressive road triumph over league rival Brown. The tougher part of the schedule loomed—particularly back-to-back away games with Princeton and Dartmouth—but Harvard at the least would present a formidable hurdle for other aspiring titleholders.
Harvard Football
Sign up for Harvard Magazine’s football e-mail and follow the Crimson all season long! Dick Friedman will provide the latest news, game summaries, and insights.
In the preseason, Murphy set about replacing departed members of the class of ’16 who were among the all-time Crimson gridiron greats. On defense, the most glaring holes were those left by an All-Ivy linebacking corps: Matt Koran, Jake Lindsey, and Eric Medes. On the offensive line, the coach needed to find successors to three players who were in NFL camps: Adam Redmond, Cole Toner, and Anthony Fabiano. Gone also were tight end/H-back Ben Braunecker (to the Chicago Bears’ practice squad) and rambling running back Paul Stanton Jr. At the game’s most important position, Hosch’s shrewd decision-making and winning touch were hard-earned intangibles that might be difficult for a neophyte to grasp.
Opposing coaches were shedding no tears: Harvard still had formidable weapons. Most notable was quicksilver receiver/return specialist Justice Shelton-Mosley ’19, last season’s Ivy League rookie of the year. Tight end Anthony Firkser ’17 caught any ball that came his way, then shrugged off would-be tacklers. Running back Semar Smith ’18, while not as brilliant as Stanton, had a similar nose for the end zone. The two holdovers on the offensive line—guard Larry Allen Jr. ’18 and tackle Max Rich ’17—were potent piledrivers and dependable pass-blockers. On the other side of the ball, captain Sean Ahern ’16 anchored the defensive backfield, while the line—seniors James Duberg, Miles McCollum, and Doug Webb, and sophomore Dj Bailey—was close to impregnable against the run.
The major question mark was at quarterback. The 6-foot-5 Viviano, who had seen limited action in 2014, was strong and athletic. Last year he might have supplanted Hosch as the starter but for a preseason foot injury. How would he fare once handed the keys to the offense? It didn’t take long to find out: two minutes and eight seconds of the opening game against Rhode Island, under the lights at Harvard Stadium before 12,167. (Almost all those in attendance were seated on the home side, not unusual these days in the Ivy League.) That was the elapsed time of the Crimson’s scoring drive on its initial possession, a trek that covered 61 yards in a brisk six plays and culminated in a 15-yard touchdown strike from Viviano to Firkser (the first of two scoring hookups between the two). By the end of the first quarter Viviano—with arm, legs, and aplomb—had staked the Crimson to a 21-0 lead.
Against Rhode Island and Brown, 2016 Ivy League rookie of the year Justice Shelton-Mosley ’19 picked up where he left off, amassing 15 receptions, some spectacular.
In the eventual 51-21 rout of the Rams, Viviano played a bit more than three quarters. He was 24-of-32 passing for 290 yards and three touchdowns (and no interceptions). He rushed 10 times for 51 yards and one scintillating touchdown. Above all, he was in command. Murphy, a tough critic, was pleased, especially given that this was Viviano’s most extended outing since his days at Conestoga High School in Berwyn, Pennsylvania. “Joe will get better, but I give him a very high grade,” said the coach afterward.
Viviano’s highlight-reel play came near the end of the first quarter. Ahern had forced a fumble that McCollum recovered on the Rhode Island 22. Runs by Smith and Viviano took the ball down to the Rams’ eight-yard-line. Then Viviano proved a master of escape. Dropping back to pass, he bounced off one Rhode Island rusher and spun away from another. Seeing an alley, he dashed into the end zone. He then spiked the ball—“I was excited,” he explained—incurring a 15-yard penalty (assessed on the ensuing kickoff) for unsportsmanlike conduct. He could be forgiven: it was his first touchdown since his Conestoga days, and had been a long time coming. He recovered his equanimity enough to direct the Crimson to three more scores, the last one set up by a beautiful 36-yard pitch to Shelton-Mosley.
The following Saturday, at sun-splashed Brown Stadium, Viviano hit his stride in the Ivy League opener, a rackety 32-22 Crimson victory. He rushed for a net of 76 yards and two touchdowns on 15 carries. (He was sacked for 22 yards’ worth of losses.) He also completed 17 of 31 passes for 205 yards. Unlike most of today’s quarterbacks, who are primarily passers, Viviano acts almost like an old-fashioned single-wing tailback, passing or running depending on the design of the play or his whim. With his loping stride, he is very hard to stop—and a fearsome weapon for whom opposing defenses must account.
This was the first Harvard game played using an Ivy League experimental rule under which the ball is kicked off from the 40-yard line rather than the 35. The object is to promote safety by means of boots into or out of the end zone, thus curtailing kick returns, the plays on which the most concussions occur. (Another Ivy safety-oriented sanction this season: no hitting during practices.) Against Brown the collateral damage was done to the kick-return career of Shelton-Mosley, who watched two kicks by the Bruins’ strong-legged Jake Wilner sail deep into the end zone for touchbacks; another three were either onside kicks, or squibs that permitted limited runbacks. (Of the 11 kickoffs in the game, four resulted in touchbacks, and only three provided conventional runbacks.) Asked afterward if he was frustrated, Shelton-Mosley said he wasn’t—but the smile on his face showed he had been thinking about it. The safety-conscious Murphy was unmoved. “It’s a good rule,” he said.
It was Murphy’s 221st game on the Harvard sideline, moving him past Joe Restic (1971-93) for most games by a Crimson head coach. Murphy marked the occasion with some trademark trickeration. After Harvard had spotted Brown an early field goal, the Crimson came back with 25 second-period points. After the second of three touchdowns—a seven-yard Viviano bolt up the middle—Harvard lined up for an extra-point kick. But when the ball was snapped to the holder, backup quarterback Cam Tripp ’19, he did not put it down for placekicker Jake McIntyre ’20 to boot but instead picked it up, rolled to his right, and cantered into the end zone for two points, with nary a Bruin within 20 yards.
Tight end/H-back Anthony Firkser ’17 riddled Brown with four receptions for an eye-popping 19.5-yard average. In the season's first three games, Firkser scored four touchdowns, including a 75-yarder against Georgetown.
There were other strong elements. The defensive line stuffed the Brown running attack, limiting the Bruins to 74 yards. Running behind the emerging offensive line, the workhorse Smith gained 89 yards on 22 carries and rumbled for two touchdowns. Linebacker Tanner Lee ’18 and defensive back Wes Ogsbury ’19 made interceptions to blunt Bruin drives. And while you can create kickoff rules that might contain Shelton-Mosley, you can’t stop him, as proven by two plays from scrimmage: a splendiferous, stretching, 34-yard grab of a Viviano bomb and a slick 33-yard reverse, each triggering a score.
The next week, at the Stadium against Georgetown, Harvard played without Shelton-Mosley and Rich, who were held out with minor injuries. They weren’t needed. The Crimson pushed the Hoyas up and down the field, racking up 33 first downs to Georgetown’s nine and winning the total-offense battle 535 yards to 266. Nevertheless, the final score was restrained: Harvard 31, Georgetown 17. This was partly due to two big-play Hoya touchdowns (a 76-yard pass and a 74-yard run), and also to Viviano’s playing only 17 minutes. In that span, however, he completed 15 of 21 pass attempts for 210 yards and three touchdowns, including a 75-yarder to Firkser.
So far, so good. But the meat of the schedule—and, perhaps, health—would determine whether the media had gotten it right.
IN MEMORIAM: Chester M. Pierce ’48, M.D. ’52, died in September after a long illness. He was the first African American to play in a major college football game south of the Mason-Dixon line when he suited up at tackle in 1947 at the University of Virginia over the initial objections of its administrators. (The game passed without incident.) Pierce went on to become a distinguished psychiatrist and educator; the Division of Global Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital is named in his honor. (For more, see “New Faces,” January-February 2011, page 64.)
Tidbits: With the victory over Georgetown, the Crimson is now 14-0 in night games at the Stadium….Under Murphy, Harvard is 18-5 in its Ivy League openers….In geographical representation on the 2016 roster, California leads with 17 players, followed by Texas (16), Georgia (9), Connecticut (8), and Ohio (6).
From the original cover in 1997: John Dockery ’66, the only alumnus to earn a Super Bowl ring (click the white arrow on the right to see full image), displays mementos of his varsity sport. Such three-letter men have given way to single-sport stars like Naomi Miller ’99, a striker on the women’s soccer team. Updated 6/26/19: In 2013, Matt Birk ’98 became the second alumnus to earn a Super Bowl ring, playing for the Baltimore Ravens.
The Professionalization of Ivy League Sports
Harvard rugby first-year scorer Sofie Fella
Science Dean, Soccer Judge Frank Doyle
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Cleveland Clinic Innovation executive sentenced to prison for fraud
The Department of Justice announced that Gary Fingerhut, a former manager of a Cleveland Clinic spin-off, was sentenced to two-and-a-half years in prison and $2.7 million in restitution for conspiracy to defraud the Cleveland Clinic. The clinic hired Fingerhut in 2010 to help manage the development of products inspired by the clinic's physicians, particularly a visual medical chart. When the Cleveland Clinic promoted Fingerhut from general manger of information tech to executive director, he made a false move that landed him in jail and millions of dollars in the hole. Fingerhut has admitted to his crimes, pleading guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and honest services wire fraud and one count of making false statements.
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Click here to watch the FIRST LOOK. It’s time for revenge!Khloe Kardashian is helping to change lives and taking fans on a transformational and motivational journey to get healthy and build confidence in her new E! series, Revenge Body With Khloe Kardashian.In an exclusive first glimpse at the show, the 32-year-old reality star opens up about past struggles with her own body image.”I was always overweight as a kid. If I was stressed out or sad, I would eat,” she explains. “So, I had to learn how to then put all of my energy into something positive and healthy for me, which how I fell in love with working out.”
With the help of celebrity trainers and fitness gurus Gunnar Peterson, Luke Milton, Harley Pasternak, Corey Calliet, Latreal Mitchell, Simone De La Rue, Jorge Cruise and Lacey Stone, the 16 participants will be forced to push through the pain while sweating, grinding and challenging themselves to achieve their goals.And, it definitely won’t be easy.
Revenge Body: Meet the Trainers
“The struggle is too real!” one woman says, while another wonders, “What the f–k did I get myself into?!”Some will make it and some will break, but Khloe will be there to offer guidance, encouragement and sometimes tough love every step of the way.
“It’s not about a weight number. It’s about how you feel,” she says. “You’re going to start to transform your body and you’re going to have this revenge on this life that you once had that you won’t even want any more. Let’s make our haters our biggest motivators.”
Watch the premiere of Revenge Body With Khloe KardashianThursday, Jan. 12 at 8 p.m., only on E!
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My father Raymond Williams
by Gwydion M. Williams
Thinking back
People of the Black Mountains
Raymond Williams was one of the generation that fought World War Two, and tried to build a better world after the downfall of Fascism. It was not a ‘lost generation’ in the same way as those who fought in World War One became. The horror of war was known about and remembered in the 1930s. Indeed, many expected World War Two to be far worse for Britain than it actually was. Moreover, there was at least a clear and definite gain to set against the loss and suffering. The Third Reich was destroyed. Fascism as a world force was destroyed.
Despite that, the post-war world was poor and bleak, and difficult for those who had returned from the war. I was not born until 1950, was not really conscious of the world until things had got quite a bit better. But the family ‘oral history’ was something I grew up with. One story that sticks in my mind, for no particular reason, is how my father used a poker to go hunting a mouse. He recalled that he was slightly worried that the children – my elder brother and sister, quite small at the time – would identify this mouse with ‘Mary Mouse’, a character from one of their story-books. In fact, like most children, they showed a sound grasp of the difference between story and real world. They regarded the hunting of the mouse as pure street theatre, cheering him on as went after the pesky little vermin.
My father had come from the Welsh border country, the son of a railway signalman in a rural area very different from the mining valleys that are the best-known region of Wales. In his book Border Country he describes how the railway workers in this rural community were affected by the General Strike, had to take a stand on a huge struggle that was mainly being fought out elsewhere.
I heard him describe, in a lecture given at a gathering of South Wales miners, how the General Strike seemed almost like a happening on another planet to most of those outside the strong industrial areas. His father and the other railway workers, peripheral to the conflict, had to decide whether it was something they were a part of, or else an alien event that they should simply live through. In the end, they did support the General Strike. But in many other parts of the country, no such connection was made – one reason why the strike failed.
My father once told me that his first ambition, when he had had some success at school, was to become a railway booking clerk. This was part of the pattern of life in that part of the world at the time. If you did well at school, you aimed to become a booking clerk, which meant a better salary and a chance of promotion to stationmaster. Railways worked like that; each trade had its own line of promotion, and stationmasters were recruited from booking clerks.
(Incidentally, I recall that Karl Mark once tried to get a job as a booking clerk, at a time when his chronic shortage of money was particularly bad. They turned him down, because of his bad handwriting!)
In any case, what happened in my father’s case was that academic success eventually won him a place at Cambridge University. It was something he worked very very hard for, following a well-established Welsh pattern of progress through education. It was generally understood among the Welsh that every opportunity must be grasped, and every child able to do well at school must be helped and supported. In Politics and Letters he describes how his father was able to go the local pub and collect money to help him further his education.
The Welsh have a good understanding of the English ruling class. They have had a longer experience of them than anyone except the English labouring classes, and being a distinct nation they had a more independent attitude. They knew that they would not get anything like an equal opportunity; but also that there would be opportunities, and that every possible chance must be followed up.
Anyway, my father was at Cambridge at the time the war was just about starting. Like many others between the World Wars, he had hoped that the League of Nations would keep the peace, and then seen it utterly fail to do so. He joined the army, and in due course ended up in a tank regiment. The war didn’t come much into his writings – mainly because so many people had said so much about it already. He was always breaking new ground, and tended to avoid subjects where he had nothing new to say. There is a bit about the fighting in Normandy in Loyalties — but if the man who ended up terribly burnt was based on a real incident, it didn’t involve anyone I ever came across or heard spoken of.
Had he lived a few years longer, Raymond Williams might have found a sufficiently interesting angle on the matter to justify a complete novel on the matter – probably relating much more directly to his own experience. When he did talk about the war, it was mostly to recount the various comic incidents that happen among all the peril and tragedy, and that are much easier to talk about. There was one time when, during some fairly fierce fighting, a memo arrived from their superiors asking if there were any particular foods that they felt they should be sent. He wrote back saying that they greatly missed supplies of fresh plankton. This answer got all the way up to Divisional Headquarters before someone realised that it was meant ironically. Given the nature of the military mind, I suppose he was lucky not to be sent a supply of fresh plankton.
Before that, still in England before the Normandy landings, he was entrusted with taking some tanks form one army base to another. Except that some of the bridges to be crossed were not meant to take anything as heavy as a tank. His superior officer told him to ‘use his initiative’ – that it, do it but take the blame if something goes wrong. Thankfully, all the bridges survived the experience – most are still standing to this day. But he’d remark to us how he felt a twinge of conscience every time he went over them in his car.
Another interesting matter was that at one time he was scheduled to do a course learning Japanese, in preparation for a part in the war in Pacific War. In the end it didn’t happen, he was put on something else. But he sometimes wondered just what he’d have done if he had gone on it and learned Japanese. His career might have followed a very different course.
The most interesting thing that I recall was his description of how the allied troops reacted to the partisans rushing out to great them. As he put it, armies are self-contained and suspicious of outsiders. A lot of soldiers levelled their guns at the partisans when they came rushing out, because they didn’t know who the hell these people were or why they were carrying guns.
While I’m on the subject of things he didn’t write about, I’ve heard people ask why he didn’t write about life in Cambridge University. Actually he did – one short story called The Writing on the Wall, which says more in a few pages than most full-length books get to grips with. Again, if he was going to write more he’d have had to have found his own way of expressing it.
I’m not going to try to do any potted biography. Of the years when he was writing Culture and Society, The Long Revolution, Border Country etc, I have only hazy childhood memories. I do vaguely remember him discussing the crisis in France that brought De Gaulle to power. For a number of years we would go for camping holidays each summer, usually in the cheap non-posh parts of the French Mediterranean coast. In those days the French were notably poorer than the British. It was also notable – and this has changed far less – that officials in Britain are vastly friendlier and more helpful than any you’d meet abroad. In France, even the traffic policemen carried guns, and looked quite capable of using them on misbehaving motorists. They also used a set of rather puzzling signals to direct the traffic. These varied widely from one region to another.
Camping was fun. I picked up from my father the attitude that he was later to express and justify in The Country and the City – that cities and countryside were both parts of human life, and that each had its merits. Also the understanding that the countryside was somewhere were people worked, and that visitors who made their living in the cities should respect that work. He had grown up among the children of farmers, and knew that their lives were hard despite the high nominal value of their property.
My first definite political memory was of the deep disappointment when it became clear that the Wilson government of the 1960s was not going to do anything coherent. He had never expected that it would usher in any socialist utopia. But he and many others had expected another period of strong reform, like the 1945 Labour government. He’d disapproved of a lot of the things that that government had done – yet Attlee, Bevin and the rest had also carried through many of the measures that socialists had been wanting for a long time. Wilson wasn’t carrying through anything significant. Moreover, he showed no signs of realising that he was doing anything wrong. Wilson’s later autobiographies show clearly how little he understood of what was needed from a Labour Prime Minister.
It was this situation that led to the Mayday Manifesto of 1968. This set out a viewpoint that is taken for granted today, but seemed rather new then – that Britain was so tied into the world capitalist order that Wilsonian schemes for ‘building a new Britain’ were never likely to get anywhere. (Wilson used up most of his energies trying to keep up the value of the pound, trying to maintain a part of the world capitalist order that the capitalists were in the process of discarding.)
During my late teens and early twenties, I went through a Maoist phase. At that time, the slogans of the Little Red Book seemed much more meaningful than anything my father was saying. For a long time, I thought that the world was going to got the way that Peking said it was going, a Third World revolution transforming the world. It was only gradually that I saw how false this whole view was, and how my father had actually understood the world situation much better than I had.
One thing we always did agree on, contrary to most people on the left, was that Britain’s membership of the EEC was a good thing. To both of us, it seemed an automatic extension of basic socialist principles. I must say, I have never understood why left wingers thought – often still think – that maintaining British capitalism would be good for British socialism. Even those who insist that ‘socialism in one country’ was a disaster for Russia regarded it as the only possible thing for Britain. The bulk of the working class did not think this – they showed that in the EEC referendum. And Labour’s general hostility to the EEC helped to give Mrs Thatcher her three General Election victories.
My father’s death brought many commentaries, most sympathetic, a few hostile. The Daily Telegraph obituary was decidedly nasty. But for a socialist to be insulted by the Daily Telegraph has to be seen as a sort of honour.
The better sort of Tory would of course not have been rude about someone who had just died. But I was not greatly surprised to find that The Daily Telegraph was no longer run by the better sort of Tory. And their rudeness exposed their fear – at a time when Thatcherism still seemed invincible – that Raymond Williams’s sort of socialism was entirely capable of recovering and overturning all that the New Right had done. Had people listened more to what he had to say, there might never have been a successful New Right in the first place.
The position of The Guardian is another matter. It had been my father’s daily paper. He had written for them over a great many years. I was surprised that they chose to print the article by David Hare that appeared in the Weekend Guardian on June 3-4 1989. I would have thought it more suitable for the Daily Telegraph.
I dare say you’d expect me to be offended – I’m hardly impartial. My mother has already dealt in detail with the specific false claim that Raymond Williams neglected the students he was responsible for, not giving them enough personal tuition. In point of fact, his job did not require him to give any personal tuition to any students, he did it simply as an extra. And I won’t go into most of the other matters that Mr Hare raised – I recall how dull and confusing I find it when other people polemicise about matters of who said what to whom, when and why. Instead I will concentrate on one matter, where objective proof is readily to hand.
Hare says that during one conversation my father:
“Started hesitantly, drawing on a passage from The Long Revolution to detail the W.H.Smith best-seller list of 1848. Of the books listed not a single one was remembered, except for one by Jane Austen, who managed to come in at number eight”. (Ibid, Page 5, top of 2nd column.)
Thus speaks the man who thinks that he merited more personal tuition from Raymond Williams. So look the passage up in The Long Revolution. Conveniently, it is in the index under ‘Jane Austen’. Two lists are given, of 10 and 15 names, with some names on both lists. Jane Austen is not 8th on either list, she is 10th on the first and 14th on the second. Of the others, three – Mrs Gaskell, Lytton and Marryat – are described in the same paragraph as authors remembered as typical of the period. (Lytton’s The Last Days of Pompei is certainly not forgotten, though perhaps it deserves to be.) Another writer on the list has recovered some popularity since The Long Revolution was written – Mrs Trollope always had a place as the mother of Anthony Trollope, but quite a few of her own works have been republished in the 1970s and 1980s. Of the remaining 14, only 5 seem to be wholly forgotten (being in neither the Oxford Companion to English Literature (5th edition) or The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English.)
Forget Hare. Consider the larger matter of how my father spent his time. I recall how hard he worked, and how difficult he found it to relax. Also the large number of people who kept making demands of his time, for a variety of causes. As well as a vast number of articles and reviews, the best of which are now being republished, he managed to write a number of books that said things that had not been said before, and that needed saying. Readers all round the world will be able to benefit and learn things from them, for decades to come.
Raymond Williams had a gift for saying complex things in simple ways. Most of his books can be picked up and read by people with no specialised knowledge of English Literature, though it takes persistence to grasp and understand the complex ideas and historical formations that he brings to light. This does not apply to three of his books, Problems of Materialism and Culture, Marxism and Literature and The Politics of Modernism – these three are written as part of the debate on cultural theory, and are hard to understand in isolation.
Certain types of work need their own language. My own field of computers is full of jargon, some of it silly but much of it unavoidable. You can’t talk seriously about computer memory without introducing terms like RAM, ROM, EPROM etc. Ordinary day-to-day tasks can throw up phrases like “abort job”, “corrupt software” and “allow global conflict” – none of which are actually as bizarre as they sound. So I was quite prepared to accept that discussing cultural theory needed its own specialised language. It can also be the case that jargons or specialised languages are used to disguise either platitudes or muddled thinking. Proof of quality is to be able to talk meaningfully both in the jargon and in ordinary language.
The Politics of Modernism might have ended up much simpler had my father lived longer and completed it. The central concept should be of interest to many who have no intention of trying to master the whole complex and continuing debate on what culture is and where it might be going. Basically, he says that modernism was developed by people who would come to a metropolis from somewhere quite different, and found it hard to work out who they were or where they belonged in the new social context. Once you consider modernism in that light, it makes a lot more sense. You understand it as the work of baffled artists who never the less sometimes have deep and real insights into the complexities of modern life.
In this context, I was interested to learn that the late Andy Warhol was the child of immigrant Ruthenes. Ruthenes are a small Slavonic people whose language is “the closest living relative to the Old Slavonic of the Byzantine liturgy”. (The Independent, May 9th 1990.) Ruthenes never had a state of their own, and were shared out between various East European empires and nation-states. There was a tendency to lump them in with the Ukrainians, even though they differed at least as strongly as Slovaks from Czechs. It is only with the upheavals in Eastern Europe that their existence is being officially recognised and publicly expressed.
It seems to me that coming from a people who officially don’t even exist must have some connection with the strange, glossy and essentially empty art that Warhol produced. Something not totally dissimilar may apply to Günter Grass, who comes from another small and almost obliterated people, the Kaszubians, as was explained by Carl Tighe in Planet 75.
The Black Mountains are a small range in South Wales, not unlike what the mining valleys would once have been, but kept rural by an accident of geology. My father grew up within sight of the southern end, close to the detached peak of the Skyrrid. For most of his life he worked in England, but still viewed the land where he grew up as his true home.
I remember him discussing the idea of a whole series of stories about the ordinary people of this part of the world, going back to the very early hunters and gradually working up to the present day. I recall one time when we were sitting on the side of the Skyrrid, and he pointed out the various ancient and modern lines of communication that were in view. Ancient roads, modern roads and a disused railway track followed very much the same path, a route imposed by the shape of the land itself.
I read quite a few of the episodes as he was writing them, including the very last that he typed out himself. I was usually the second person to read what he was writing – my mother did a lot of the factual research for the episodes and was the first to read and comment on them
The original form of the book is worth mentioning. When I first saw it, it began with Gwyn going to look for his grandfather, just as it does in the published version. Then you had an episode involving early stone-age hunters and the crippled boy. (This is based, incidentally, on an actual burial of a crippled boy, whose bone-pattern shows that he survived for several years unable to walk – proof that people in that distant era were already in the habit of looking after each other.) It went on to the next set of hunters, and so on, much as it does in the published form – except that Gwyn was not mentioned again. What are now the ‘Gwyn to Ellis’ episodes were then the abstract voice of a narrator. In this form, the tale got as far as the breakdown of the megalithic culture – ascribed to anthrax, which is as good a guess as any.
At this point, I raised the objection that the narrator’s passages included material that surely belonged in the episodes instead. The episodes put flesh on the bare bones of known historic facts, giving the ancient peoples customs and songs when archaeology gives us only that small part of their material culture that has survived over the ages. What is said about pre-Celtic religion is only a guess – a well-informed guess, but qualitatively different from the details of geography, climate and vegetation that formed the greater part of the narrator’s descriptions. There is solid factual knowledge about what plants grew in that particular region at that particular time, and where the rocks originally came from. But what went on in the heads of the people can only be guessed at.
As I recall it, we talked about several ways in which the matter might be handled. The thought that he might merge Gwyn’s viewpoint with that of the narrator never occurred to me. It didn’t occur to him at once. It may seem very obvious to someone now reading the finished book. But lots of things look obvious after someone clever has painstakingly worked them out and evolved a simple form for expressing them.
The work derives is strength from careful writing and rewriting, as much as from the original idea. Some of the earlier episodes were rewritten several times, sometimes with considerable changes. In these cases, the original had seemed fine to me – but when he rewrote, it became visibly better. That was the way he worked – most of the episodes went through several redrafts, and he would undoubtedly have done more.
The work proceed slowly, and not without interruption. He in fact both began and finished another complete book, Loyalties, while he was working on People of the Black Mountains. Loyalties is interesting for the alternative angle he found on the whole matter of spies and traitors. Deliberately, he avoided writing about the known circles of spies who got caught – the Philby circle in the British spy services, and the atom spies among scientists working in the United States. He created an imaginary pair of spies with characteristics from both groups. They may also owe something to computer pioneer Alan Turing. Turing was a homosexual, though not involved in politics and very unlikely to have been a spy. There had been a couple of long articles about Turing in the magazine New Scientist, which my father regularly read.
The problem with real-life spy stories is that our only sources of information are clever and unscrupulous liars. What we think we know about Philby & Co. may be no more than a fiction that suits the various rival security services. A novel is perhaps a much better way to put the whole thing in context. And computers were at least as important as atomic power, probably more so in the long run than radar, the other big wartime technical breakthrough.
In any case, computers were a natural subject to write about. I work as a computer analyst, and both my brother and brother-in-law have a lot to do with computers in their work – none of it secret, of course. Nor is there any connection with a certain Raymond Wilson Williams, a Senior Engineer at English Electrical Aviation Ltd, who wrote a book called Analogue Computation in 1961. (I found this gentleman in the British Library’s index of authors, as well a 19th century Dissenting Minister called William Pitt Scargill. Also an Australian called Victor Frankenstein, who wrote about Post Office hand-stamps.)
I did read Loyalties in typescript, but there is little of interest that I can say, beyond what I’ve already said. Its strength is the way in which it puts the false glamour of the spy world in its actual context – betrayals of human values.
Enough of Loyalties. I want to expand on the matter of the historical and archaeological basis of People of the Black Mountains. The episodes were often built around some actual material remains – a grave where a man and woman are buried, the man clearly killed violently, or a broken broach in an ancient shelter that people nowadays call King Arthur’s Cave. My mother actually did a lot of the research – reading the books to find out just what people in each era would have had, what they would not have had, and what the dominant vegetation was at the time. My father would then write an episode that was a human drama with the historic situation as background. Archaeology has proved that there was a time when the land became much more wooded, forcing the people to change their pattern of hunting. We do not know if they ever actually said that ‘the trees are eating the people’: this is just a reasonable speculation, based on the fact that trees did indeed spread a great deal during the era in question.
Another thing I want to get straight is the final state of the manuscript. My father would type from his own brief notes, and the more general background material my mother had provided. He would type with a carbon copy, and then set to work altering and adjusting the top copy. Most of the top copies were covered with small corrections and adjustments. Sometimes the revisions would be so extensive that he would retype that section – but the retyped version would also be written on.
What we had after his death was various carbon copies and a working copy that included a lot of hard-to-read handwriting. To have used the tidy carbon copies would have been to lose all the small adjustments and improvements. But the working copy was not readable enough to be sent to the publishers. Large parts of the working copy were therefore retyped into a neat form. My mother did most of the critical bits – she was best at reading his handwriting, although some words even she had trouble with. My sister did quite a bit as well, and some of the easier parts were given to professional typists.
My own main contribution was to help reconcile the dates. There were a few small anomalies – the gap between two episodes might be referred to as 2000 years, when all other references indicated that it was only 1800 years. The most serious problem was in episode of Bibra – the dates given by the working copy had Bibra dying as an old woman less than ten years after her birth. This one was also the hardest to resolve, since some of the dates were given by the Roman calender. (The Roman system of numbering years can not be directly turned into the modern one by adding or subtracting so many years, there are complications.)
A few people have asked why we didn’t try to get People of the Black Mountains finished. The trouble was, no other author could have carried through the book as he had planned it. Any competent writer could have written a set of short stories from the notes for the last section, but that’s another matter. Moreover, there were no loose ends for readers to puzzle about. Anyone who so wishes can visit the Black Mountains and see how the story ended – or rather, see the stage it has reached in our time, and where Raymond Williams would have left it.
A further problem is that the matters covered are controversial. I’m sure that his depiction of the Romans and Normans will upset one sort of person, and that his depiction of the Welsh princes will seem wrong to another sort of person. But that was his view – neither identifying with the outside conquering power, nor idealising the home-grown tyrants that those conquerors replaced. Later episodes would have followed the same pattern — but how could anyone be sure that they had struck the balance as he would have wished? Far better to leave it at the point he reached. Anyone who wants to can do something similar, but under their own name and on their own authority.
There have of course been quite a few previous books that told a series of historical tales in a single physical setting. The earliest one I know of is Kipling’s Puck of Pook Hill. But it’s written on a very different principle, quite apart from being a children’s book. Kipling’s book is all about outsiders and the privileged classes. The ordinary people, the people whose work made all the rest possible, are treated as part of the scenery.
People of the Black Mountains is just that – a book about the people in one small region that in due course became border country between England and Wales. Outsiders of one sort or another come into the tales – but the tale is told from the viewpoint of local people seeing a stranger arrive, not a narrator coming in and commenting on various quaint or unpleasant rural characters.
The latter method is the one favoured by another book, On the Black Hill, which has now been made into a film. It too is set on the English-Welsh border, and the film certainly shows the physical setting very well. But the way it depicts the social situation is ludicrous. As in other parts of the world, bad quarrels between neighbours can occur – but they are rare, and should be set against a general attitude of neighbourliness and social concern. When travelling from London to Wales, I am always struck by the way people get less tense and more friendly as one goes westwards. Mind you, even in London you find plenty of helpful friendly people. But in a big city, everyone learns to be on guard for the unpleasant and sometimes highly deceptive characters that a big city also breeds. And a selective reporting of all the bad bits can give a very false view. Some of the reports of the riots in London left visitors from New York so alarmed that they felt unsafe walking down ordinary London streets. (And I’ve been told that New York, despite much higher rates of crime than even the worst parts of London, is nothing like as dangerous as British visitors tend to expect.)
One of the useful things that people can learn from People of the Black Mountains is just how much rougher life was for our ancestors. And a lot of the trouble was caused by rival elites, fighting each other for the wealth that was being squeezed out of the common people. Norman barons were more ruthless exploiters than Welsh princes, but they were not different in kind. And I’m glad the book gets as far as Oldcastle, a pioneer of a new sort of thinking that would in due course help ordinary people fight back and recover some of the lost ground. Had he lived longer, my father would have developed this theme further.
Gwyn Thomas’s All Things Betray Thee does give an indication of how he might have bridged the gap between medieval times and the modern world that he described in Border Country. As Raymond Williams says in introduction to the 1986 edition, All Things Betray Thee is quite unlike Gwyn Thomas’s better-known writings. Set in 1835, it describes how the people of one of the new towns created by the iron industry fight against being made docile victims of the new industrial order. They lose the battle – but the fact that they will not quietly accept they place that the ruling class lays down for them is more important. “The immediate location is 1835 but the connection is beyond it: to 1986 if we can hear it.”
The connections are there too in People of the Black Mountains. A depressingly large number of left-wing writers automatically identify with the rulers when they set stories in the historic past. But there are other ways to look at the matter, and this book is a fine example of one such alternative method.
People of the Black Mountains is likely to be one of those that grow in importance over the years. It tells people things they need to know about life, about people, about landscape. It shows how greedy and brutal feudal lords and medieval knights really were. And naturally the literary establishment don’t want to know. Immediate success has gone to writers who say well-known, widely believed but often quite false things in mildly original and entertaining ways. Kingsley Amis, after winning the Brooker Prize, has recently got a Knighthood. The man and the title pretty much deserve each other!
More serious things are going on elsewhere. People need to form new and more integrated views of who and where that are, and the Black Mountains book should help with that. As well as entertaining, I hope that it will give people who may be of quite different origins an idea of how to come to terms with their own backgrounds and roots.
Raymond Williams lies buried in the churchyard of Clodock Church. People have asked, and it’s a fair question, why a man who was not religious had an Anglican burial. The answer, basically, is that it preserved a connection with both place and people. He was buried in an old but still-active burial site for the dwellers in the Black Mountains. A place that is actually mentioned in one of the episodes of the Black Mountains book. And the advantage of the Church of England is that anyone born in England or Wales is deemed to be a member of it, even if they disbelieve every one of its 39 Articles. Moreover, there are few easy or simple alternative. There are Humanist funeral services, but not with access to a burial site in the Black Mountains. Besides, Humanism implies an active hostility to religion, which was never his attitude, and which would have upset some of our relatives who are religious. And Clodock churchyard is a nice site, unspoiled by intrusions like the major road that now runs through his home village of Pandy, that runs through many such places without concern for them except as a route between places that the planners regard as much more important. Clodock is fortunate enough to be relatively separate from the things that those sort of minds value.
I’ll leave it at that. A full scale biography is in preparation. I’ve talked mostly about my father’s work, because that was what was central to him, and what was interesting and unique about him. As far as home life went, a pet dog that got run over by a motorcyclist is the largest incident that I recall, and I can’t see that it would be of much interest to anyone who didn’t know that dog. The same for other stray childhood memories. Some time I may try something more connected, but for now I’ve said what I set out to say.
I wrote this some time before 2000, probably in the early 1990s. It has never been published anywhere. There is now an excellent biography covering the first half of his life.
Copyright © G. M. Williams
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Huskers Go One-and-Done in NIT
Nebraska’s season came to an end on Wednesday as the Huskers fell 66-59 at Mississippi State in the first round of the NIT. Nebraska finished 22-11 on the year.
The Huskers failed to crack the 60-point barrier for the second straight game after losing 77-58 to Michigan in the Big Ten Tournament quarterfinals. Nebraska shot 35.4 percent from the field, converting just six of their 22 3-point shots while attempting just nine free throws.
James Palmer Jr. led the Huskers with 13 points and five assists but shot just 5-of-15 from the field. He finished with 568 points in his first season as a Husker, good for eighth place in school history. Isaac Copeland scored 12 points but shot 5-of-13 from the field and grabbed just two rebounds in 31 minutes. Isaiah Roby chipped in 10 points and eight rebounds.
The Huskers played from behind for all but 128 seconds as the Bulldogs took a 15-8 lead with a 9-1 during the first quarter and didn’t relinquish the lead again until the fourth quarter. The teams traded buckets in the final two minutes to give the Bulldogs a 19-12 lead after one. The Huskers shot 5-of-18 from the field in the first 10 minutes.
Nebraska opened the second quarter with a 7-0 run to tie it up but Mississippi State answered with a 3-pointer. Every time Nebraska tired to make a run, pulling within one then two, Mississippi State had an answer. At the end of the half, the Bulldogs led 33-28.
Senior guard Evan Taylor banked in a 3 from the top of the key to tie the game at 40-all three minutes into the third quarter, but Aric Holman responded with a tip-on and a 3-pointer to push Mississippi State’s lead back to five. After trading layups, both teams went even colder than they had been previously, going nearly two minutes with a single point by either team until Holman split a pair of free throws to break the spell. Isaac Copeland hit a 3-pointer for the Huskers, but Eric Wright beat the buzzer with his only bucket of the game to put the Bulldogs up 50-45 after three.
Nebraska opened the fourth with a 6-0 run to take its first lead since the first quarter at 51-50, but less than 40 seconds later Isaiah Roby picked up his fourth foul and and Mississippi State pulled ahead again with a layup.
The Bulldogs never relinquished the lead as Nebraska settled for jumpers and couldn’t knock them down. The Huskers had three chances to tie the game or take the lead with a 3-pointer and went 0-for-3. In fact, the Huskers shot 1-of-10 overall and 0-of-5 from deep over the course of the next 5:15 as Mississippi State stretched its lead to high with 1:45 to go.
The Huskers scored a few times late, but it was too little, too late to mount a comeback.
Holman led all players with 16 points and 10 rebounds off the Mississippi State bench. Abdul Ado added 15 points and nine boards and Xavian Stapleton recorded 12 points and five rebounds. Point guard Lamar Peters dished out 14 assists, picking apart Nebraska’s pick-and-roll defense all game long and finding his big men around the basket or shooters on the perimeter for open looks.
Anton Gill scored seven points, Taylor finished with three and Duby Okeke scored two in their final game as Huskers.
Tags: 2018 NIT First Round, Anton Gill, Evan Taylor, Isaiah Roby, James Palmer Jr., Duby Okeke, Isaac Copeland, Basketball, Mississippi State, Nebraska
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Check out this new band: Roxy Music
By Ted, In Pleasures
I think Americans don’t really realize how influential and edgy Roxy Music were before they made it onto our American radios. I didn’t.
This’ll educate ya:
[Note: There was originally a link to the full film, More Than This: The Story of Roxy Music, but it’s been taken down. Watch it legally.]
Second only to the Beatles in their influence — according to some. The only pre-1977 English band that the early punks didn’t want to lynch.
As a musician, Roxy Music has had an influence on me through their alumni association, including Eddie Jobson, Phil Manzanera, and Brian Eno.
When I was most affected by that second-hand smoke was when I was just starting to compose music. So, by extension, my high school band The Nutrients, is/was influenced by Roxy Music.
And when I looked back at Roxy Music via the artists whose careers were spawned by the band, I saw Bryan Ferry‘s smarmy persona, which always rubbed me the wrong way. I don’t think I understood that, at the time, that smarm was very much against the grain of rock music.
The only pre-1977 American band the early punks didn’t want to lynch was The Velvet Underground. And artist Richard Hamilton sort of was to Roxy Music what Andy Warhol was to The Velvet Underground.
The documentary didn’t make that connection; I made it all by myself. Put that on the fridge, Mom.
And what I didn’t know was that Roxy Music influenced a host of artists who I like, don’t much like, or like but won’t admit that I like: Bono (U2), John Taylor (Duran Duran), Siouxsie Sioux (Siouxie and the Banshees), Steve Jones (The Sex Pistols), Martyn Ware (Human League), and Nile Rogers (Chic), to name a few.
I’m not sure what inspired me to fill in omission of my cultural literacy. I think it was a podcast…
Yes, now that I think of it, it was a podcast that used “Love is the Drug” as interstitial music. Next thing I did was download The Best of Roxy Music, to use for Cliff Notes to and, well, I was off.
# Music, The Nutrients
The Green Police State — Better than the Patriot Act State?
James higgins Reply
great band the early stuff with eno was their best period imho. their last great album was manifesto, after that i thought they got pretty bland. one other band that didn't suffer under punk rock was Van Der Graaf Generator. tho they where a prog band they still influenced a certain mr john lydon. i spose bowie was another until his let's dance period.
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MoviesNewsTVUncategorized
Leonard Nimoy: Remembering Star Trek’s Mr. Spock
When it comes to Star Trek, most people will probably gravitate to a debate of who was the better Starship Enterprise Captain, Kirk or Picard. However, for me, it was always about Mr. Spock (though, I do like...
NewsTrailersTV
The Flash Season One Finale – Thank YOU Grant Gustin!
We wish we could go to the future so we can see The Flash run to the past…now! But we’ll have to wait for the finale tonight. Supposedly, it will be an emotional episode, one that will bring some...
Alex Benedicto
Supergirl trailer
The new Supergirl trailer is here! DC Comics have been doing pretty well with their TV shows. Are you ready for another? Meet Kara Zor-El. If that name looks familiar it should, she’s the cousin of Kal...
Neil deGrasse Tyson To Host Late Night TV Talk Show
Perhaps it was just a matter of time…or rather space-time. From his recent stint as presenter on the critically acclaimed Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, which was produced by Seth MacFarlane (Ted, Family...
Preview: The Walking Dead – Season 5½
During the first half of “The Walking Dead” Season 5 so much has happened already. We lost Bob, the group split up, hope for a cure was crushed and our singing Southern Belle, Beth is now with...
Category - TV
When it comes to Star Trek, most people will probably gravitate to a debate of who was the better Starship Enterprise Captain, Kirk or Picard. However, for me, it was always about Mr. Spock (though, I do like earl gray...
We wish we could go to the future so we can see The Flash run to the past…now! But we’ll have to wait for the finale tonight. Supposedly, it will be an emotional episode, one that will bring some semblance...
The new Supergirl trailer is here! DC Comics have been doing pretty well with their TV shows. Are you ready for another? Meet Kara Zor-El. If that name looks familiar it should, she’s the cousin of Kal-El...
Perhaps it was just a matter of time…or rather space-time. From his recent stint as presenter on the critically acclaimed Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, which was produced by Seth MacFarlane (Ted, Family Guy), Ann...
During the first half of “The Walking Dead” Season 5 so much has happened already. We lost Bob, the group split up, hope for a cure was crushed and our singing Southern Belle, Beth is now with Hershel. After...
Preview: The Walking Dead – Season 5
The Walking Dead – Fall 2014, Season 5 premiere is just hours away and we can’t help but think about how Rick and crew will fare in Terminus. However, in the Season 5 trailer, which aired at the San Diego Comic...
Yoshitaka Amano & L'Arc-en-Ciel’s Hyde Collaborate on iPhone Case
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Gloom-and-Doom Crowd again wrong on oil
New Theory Helps Locate Petroleum
bbartlett
Predictably, the recent rise in oil prices has the usual doom-and-gloom crowd, which has consistently been wrong for 30 years, out saying once again that this proves we are running out of oil and that severe curbs on gasoline consumption must be imposed to preserve what little is left for future generations. They need not worry. There is growing evidence that oil is far more plentiful than we have been led to believe.
The prevailing theory of the origin of oil is the dead dinosaur hypothesis and dates back to the 18th Century. Its originator was a Russian scientist named Mikhail Lomonosov, who put it this way in a 1757 paper: “Rock oil [petroleum] originates as tiny bodies of animals buried in the sediments which, under the influence of increased temperature and pressure acting during an unimaginably long period of time, transforms into rock oil.”
However, in the 1950s, Russian and Ukrainian scientists developed a new theory about petroleum’s origins called the abiotic or abiogenic theory. According to this view, oil is fundamentally inorganic and has no relationship to dead plant or animal life. Rather, oil originates deep in the Earth’s crust from inorganic material that is part of the planet’s origin.
In the words of geologist Vladimir Porfir’yev: “The overwhelming preponderance of geological evidence compels the conclusion that crude oil and natural gas have no intrinsic connection with biological matter originating near the surface of the Earth. They are primordial materials which have erupted from great depths.”
For more than 50 years, Russian and Ukrainian scientists have successfully used the abiotic theory to find oil and natural gas. For example, the Dnieper-Donets Basin has yielded a significant amount of oil and natural gas even though it is an area that conventional biological theories reject as unpromising. A recent technical paper found that the results “confirm the scientific conclusions that the oil and natural gas found in �?¢â�??¬ ¦ the Dnieper-Donets Basin are of deep, and abiotic, origin.”
As Russia has opened up since the fall of the Soviet Union and because it has become a large and growing factor in the international oil market, American scientists are becoming increasingly knowledgeable about and interested in the abiotic theory of petroleum. Recently, the National Academy of Sciences published a paper on the topic. The Gas Research Institute has financed exploration based on abiotic theories, with encouraging results. And the American Association of Petroleum Geologists has taken an interest in the subject as well.
The leading supporter of the abiotic theory in the U.S. is Prof. Thomas Gold of Cornell. His 1999 book, The Deep Hot Biosphere (Springer-Verlag) is a thorough discussion of the issues. It is based in part on research financed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Among prominent scientists whose work supports the abiotic theory are Jean Whelan of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Mahlon Kennicutt of Texas A&M University, and J.F Kenny of the Gas Resources Corporation.
Interestingly, economic research also implicitly supports abiotic theory. A leading researcher in this regard is Michael C. Lynch, president of Strategic Energy and Economic Research and formerly chief energy economist for DRI-WEFA.
In a new paper, Lynch debunks a common theory called the Hubbert Curve, which postulates that the yield of oil fields is inherently limited. The problem, as Lynch points out, is that actual experience in many instances contradicts the Hubbert theory. Its primary flaw is that it views geology as the sole factor in oil discovery, recovery and depletion. In fact, oil prices, government policy and technology play critical roles. But the evidence he presents of oil fields that yielded far more than the Hubbert Curve predicts is consistent with the abiotic theory, which says that oil fields can be refilled from sources well below those in which production now takes place.
Finally, it is important to remember that improving technology improves the oil situation regardless of the theory of its origins. A study last year by Cambridge Energy Research Associates found that five emerging technologies–remote sensing, visualization, intelligent drilling and completions, automation, and data integration–will greatly improve the ability of energy companies to increase their drilling success rate, better manage reserves, and operate more efficiently.
William Severns, the study’s leader, explained, “With these capabilities, companies may be able to increase the amount of oil and natural gas recovered in a given field by 2% to 7%, reduce lifting costs by 10% to 25% and increase production rates by 2% to 4%.”
Of course, higher prices also make known deposits of oil that were previously too costly to exploit viable economically, as well as reducing demand. Consequently, it is impossible to ever literally run out of oil. The possibility should not be a factor in the energy debate.
Michigan Coming Home?
Absentee Express:
Written By bbartlett
Mr. Bartlett is a nationally syndicated columnist and author of "Impostor: How George W. Bush Bankrupted America and Betrayed the Reagan Legacy."
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W. Was There, Where Was Kilgore?; Ohio Dance Partners; More
Gizzi on Politics: Week of November 7
John Gizzi
Here Comes Mr. Jordan?
The latest in a string of powerful Republican U.S. House members from safe Republican districts to call it quits in ’06 is Ohio’s Mike Oxley, chairman of the House Financial Services Committee. A former FBI agent (Oxley’s office wall boasted a signed photo of J. Edgar Hoover and he always took to the House floor to deliver a spirited defense of the late FBI director when Hoover’s record was under fire from the liberal media), Oxley was a state legislator when he won his 4th District seat in a special election in 1981.
Oxley (lifetime American Conservative Union rating: 88%) became a master of “insider politics” in Washington, and rose to become a senior member of the House Commerce Committee. Despite a hard-fought campaign, the Ohioan was passed over for the Commerce chairmanship in 2000 in favor of Democrat-turned-Republican Rep. (1980-2004) Billy Tauzin of Louisiana, whom the House Republican leaders wanted to reward for changing parties. However, with the encouragement of Speaker J. Dennis Hastert (Ill.), the House Banking Committee was given additional jurisdiction over insurance and securities and rechristened Financial Services, with Oxley as chairman. He will probably be best remembered as co-author of the controversial Oxley-Sarbanes bill, the most comprehensive, and, many charge, intrusive, overhaul of securities regulation in a generation.
Now at 61, Oxley is stepping down—presumably for a lobbying position or heading a major trade association in Washington. Within hours of his retirement announcement last week, state Sen. Jim Jordan signaled he would seek the all-important Republican nomination in the May 2006 primary.
Oxley, his conservative votes notwithstanding, was less a leader on conservative issues than a consummate “back-room boy,” not unlike the Buckeye’s State’s other GOP powerhouses, Administration Committee Chairman Bob Ney and Education Committee Chairman John Boehner.
In contrast, the 41-year-old Jordan is a major swashbuckler on the right in Columbus and has been since first winning a seat in the state House in 1994. In fact, his defeat of much-favored fellow state Rep. Jim Buechy—himself a conservative but not an activist—pegged Jordan as an “outsider” far removed from his party’s establishment leadership in the legislature.
In both the House and the Senate, Jordan has been the premier force behind anti-abortion legislation, notably the state’s parental consent law. He was honored as pro-life legislator of the year at the annual banquet of United Conservatives of Ohio in ’02. Jordan worked closely with Secretary of State and ’06 GOP gubernatorial hopeful Ken Blackwell. He also worked to secure legislative approval for Ohio’s Defense of Marriage Act in ’04. Like Blackwell, one-time Ohio State University assistant wrestling coach Jordan is far removed from embattled Republican Gov. Robert Taft and, in fact, broke with his party’s statewide leader in ’03 when Taft called for a record tax increase.
As is always the case when a safe Republican seat opens up, there have been numerous other prospective candidates besides Jordan mentioned for nomination in the 4th District—which includes Mansfield, Marion (home of Warren G. Harding), Lima, Findlay (Oxley’s hometown), and Urbana. Among them are state Rep. Michael Gilb and Appellate Judge Robert Cupp. However, given Jordan’s strong conservative following and the fact that his senate district covers about 41% of the 4th District, there is speculation that, in the end, the other candidates will do something else. Gilb, for example, is reportedly eyeing a bid for the state Senate and Cupp a race for the state Supreme Court.
At a time when Ohio Republicans are in tumult and Democrats sense a comeback at several different levels, there is inevitably talk about a strong Democratic effort to capture the open 4th. However, in a district that gave Bush 65% of its votes in ’04, the chances of a victorious Democratic surge here are clearly between slim and none.
Timing is everything in politics. Prior to Mike Oxley’s surprise retirement announcement last week, all signs indicated that Ken Blackwell—true to his promise to HUMAN EVENTS earlier this year that he would name a fellow conservative as his lieutenant governor running mate—was going to tap Jordan for his ticket. Indeed, sources close to both men told me the announcement of a Blackwell-Jordan ticket was imminent. Then Oxley said he wasn’t running and Jordan declared for Congress. (Under Ohio law, candidates for nomination as governor declare their lieutenant governor choice and they run as a team in the primary.)
Ohio sources say that Blackwell will now name another conservative. Among the possibilities frequently mentioned is former Rep. (1980-92) Bob McEwen. Well liked by social and economic conservatives, McEwen (lifetime ACU rating: 95%) placed second earlier this year in a tight Republican primary for nomination to fill the 1st District seat of GOP Rep. Rob Portman, who resigned to become U.S. trade representative. Supporters of McEwen say he is also considering a rematch with GOP Rep. Jean Schmidt, who edged him out for the nomination and then won a close special election contest.
Perhaps taking a cue from Blackwell, one of his primary opponents, state Auditor Jim Petro, has already tapped a well-known conservative as his running mate. He picked Hamilton County Commissioner Phil Heimlich, who is also widely known as the son of the physician who invented the maneuver for clearing breathing passages that bears his name. Heimlich is also the grandson of legendary dancing greats Arthur and Katherine Murray. According to Petro campaign quarterback Rex Elsass, “I can’t say for sure, but if racehorses are bred for racing, then Phil is a pretty good dancer.”
Kilgore Wasn’t Here
With Virginia voters to decide November 8 who will be their next governor, Republican Jerry Kilgore was conspicuous by his absence October 29 at an address in Norfolk by the head of his party. Flanked by servicemen and such state GOP leaders as Sen. George Allen and Rep. Thelma Drake, President Bush used his platform in Norfolk to thank many in uniform in the audience for their service in Iraq. But former state Atty. Gen. Kilgore, now locked in a nip-and-tuck contest with Democratic Lt. Gov. Tim Kaine, was in the state capital for a luncheon of the Virginia NAACP.
“It’s a world away from the campaign for Richmond four years ago,” concluded the Washington Post, “when Republican Mark L. Earley could not get on President Bush’s calendar for a last-minute personal appearance to lift his slumping candidacy [against Democrat and current Gov. Mark L. Warner]. That was right after the terrorist attacks of September 11 had lifted Bush to the highest approval ratings of his presidency.”
So was Kilgore ducking his party’s leader, as the Post suggested, at a time when Bush’s popularity has apparently ebbed?
When I asked White House Press Secretary Scott McClellan about this, he replied: “I think that your characterization is wrong because, first of all, this was an official event. It was not a political event. And as with official events, we don’t invite candidates to those events. And in terms of Jerry Kilgore, the President strongly supports his candidacy. That’s why he has helped support him by appearing at events for him and helping to raise the necessary resources to be able to wage his campaign.”
Bush Poll Numbers Still Down:
Our Jobs Just Got Tougher
Written By John Gizzi
John Gizzi has come to be known as �??the man who knows everyone in Washington�?� and, indeed, many of those who hold elected positions and in party leadership roles throughout the United States. With his daily access to the White House as a correspondent, Mr. Gizzi offers readers the inside scoop on what�??s going on in the nation�??s capital. He is the author of a number of popular Human Events features, such as �??Gizzi on Politics�?� and spotlights of key political races around the country. Gizzi also is the host of �??Gizzi�??s America,�?� video interviews that appear on HumanEvents.com. Gizzi got his start at Human Events in 1979 after graduating from Fairfield University in Connecticut and then working for the Travis County (Tex.) Tax Assessor. He has appeared on hundreds of radio and TV shows, including Fox News Channel, C-SPAN, America's Voice,The Jim Bohannon Show, Fox 5, WUSA 9, America's Radio News Network and is also a frequent contributor to the BBC -- and has appeared on France24 TV and German Radio. He is a past president of the Georgetown Kiwanis Club, past member of the St. Matthew's Cathedral's Parish Council, and secretary of the West End Friends of the Library. He is a recipient of the William A. Rusher Award for Journalistic Excellence and was named Journalist of the Year by the Conservative Political Action Conference in 2002. John Gizzi is also a credentialed correspondent at the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. He has questioned two IMF managing directors, Dominique Strauss-Kahn and Christine LaGarde, and has become friends with international correspondents worldwide. John�??s email is JGizzi@EaglePub.Com
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Annual February Pilgrimage
31 March 2019 Buz Williams, Opinion Columnist
Richard A. Rose Career Achievement Award
Every year in February, I make an annual pilgrimage to Southern California. There are three reasons I make this trip. First, my mother's birthday is in February. Second, since I'll be in the Long Beach area anyway, I take that opportunity to qualify at the Long Beach Police Pistol Range for my national concealed carry permit, which allows me to carry a concealed weapon in all 50 states, (or 57 if you're an Obama Democrat). The third reason I make this trek every year is to attend the Richard A. Rose Career Achievement Award. This award is given in February every year to a Long Beach police officer “who has a minimum of 20 years of service with the Long Beach Police Department and has demonstrated outstanding integrity, loyalty and professionalism throughout his or her career.”
Richard Rose was a big, strong man who approached his police career with vigor, honesty, witt and an unmatched sense of humor. He had a pedigree on the Long Beach Police Department since his older brother John was already a police officer when Richard joined. Both brothers became icons on our department and like all police icons, tales of their arrests, courtroom testimony, and off-duty escapades spread throughout the department.
When Richard passed away of esophageal cancer in 1998, the Honorary Members of the Long Beach Police Officers Association, (a group of local citizens who support Long Beach Police Officers), created this award. It has been given every year since.
I was the recipient in 2003. I was humbled, honored and very surprised when I was notified that year. I had a great career and enjoyed all of the jobs I had worked on the department, but to be honored with an award named after my friend and a legendary law enforcement officer, was totally unexpected. I took my wife and my mother to the awards luncheon and ceremony. I only wish my father had been alive to have been there. I was so honored that I vowed I would return every year, and I have. To have my name mentioned with Richard and all of the officers who have received this award is awe inspiring to me.
This year was special because Richard's son Chris was given the award. Chris, an outstanding officer in his own right, bears many of his father's finer traits. His command presence, his direct speaking style and his self deprecating humor, remind me so much of his father. Surrounded by his wife, kids, aunts and cousins, many of whom were or still are in law enforcement, Chris received this award with grace, wit and humility. This award luncheon and ceremony is always uplifting and enjoyable. This year was singularly so, because of Chris Rose being honored.
Every year at the luncheon, a booklet is put at every place setting that lists the honoree and his or her brief biography, the guest speaker and the past honorees. When I was a training officer and later when I was doing background investigations for prospective police recruits, my results were always predicated on my judgment of whether I could trust the trainee or applicant to do the job, back me up when necessary, and if I would enjoy working in a squad car with him or her. Using that criteria, all of the past Richard A. Rose Award recipients, and this year's choice in particular, would all pass with flying colors.
K2_TAGGED
February Pilgrimage
Buz Williams, Opinion Columnist
Richard F. "Buz" Williams was born into a police family. His father, both grandfathers, a great uncle and a cousin were all on the Los Angeles Police Department and he also had an uncle on the Hawthorne, California Police Department. Buz served for 29 years on the Long Beach, California Police Department were he worked Patrol, Juvenile, Vice, Auto Theft and Gangs. He retired in December of 2002. Buz has been married to his wife Judi for 44 years. They have two grown sons who live in Southern California with their families, which include two daughter-in-laws, three grandsons and a granddaughter. Buz and Judi have lived in Prescott since 2004.
The opinions expressed in Buz's columns are expressly his own, and do not necessarily reflect the policy or position of this publication.
Website: https://www.facebook.com/BuzCop
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The national conversation on citizenship we should have
June 9, 2015 Uncategorizedoecomuse
The current federal government has a raft of proposals to radically change the extent of government power over basic citizenship rights. This story is over six months old, but in its lazy, dishonest, way, the mainstream media are reporting each announcement and comment as though each outlet is breaking the story yesterday.
There is so much mis-information, deliberate obfuscation, outright lying, including to parliament, and other complete wastes of time and money and intellect that I have put together some of the more important arguments, facts, contexts and historical details that might be of use.
At present, Australian citizenship is Australian citizenship, whether conferred by the state or inherited by birth. These proposals will create different classes of Australian citizen, which some would argue is unAustralian in itself.
On closer inspection, however, the changes would entrench categories of citizenship along racial lines. This is in fact very Australian indeed, if we understand Australian in terms of the dominant culture since 1788.
Under the proposals, the top category in these classes of citizen would be Australians whose parents and grandparents were born in Australia or the United Kingdom. I am in this category, and I can categorically state that many in my demographic, privileged by the luck of birthright, are entertaining the idea of two-tiered citizenship.
The line goes like this: oh I can understand revoking the citizenship of terrorists.
This is not okay, for a raft of reasons, but most fundamentally because it breaches principles of equality. Two classes of citizenship, based on racial lines? Really? You are okay with that how? Because terrorism? What terrorism?
The ugly reality is that many of us whose citizenship is not at risk – of being suspended, cancelled or revoked in whole or in part by the state – are reasonably comfortable with others not feeling so secure – in the name of national security. This in turn tells us an even uglier fact: national security is not for all Australians. It is for those who are already the most secure.
According to a now infamous leak to Fairfax, Tony Abbott and Peter Dutton argued for legal power to ‘strip’ citizenship rights of all Australians, irrespective of conferral or birth status. Weird as it sounds, this would in fact be more consistent with principles of equality. Attack all of us, or none of us. That’s the Australian way, isn’t it?
Others, including Julie Bishop, Christopher Pyne, and Malcolm Turnbull, raised the obvious point that the policy would breach international law (United Nations Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 1961). Their defence of *only* attacking certain migrants’ rights was perceived and reported as the more moderate view. It is not. It is an abomination. Either you are Australian, or you are not.
The next class is sole citizens whose parents were born overseas (again, ignore Britain). These people potentially hold dual citizenship – they have access, in theory, to citizenship elsewhere and thus would not necessarily be rendered stateless by us.
Scott Morrison made an alternate case, for suspending some residency rights of sole nationals. He likened this to ‘the right to vote if you are in prison or something like that’. In fact, only prisoners serving a sentence longer than three years are legally barred from voting, and only since 2006.
While Morrison implies that all prisoners are barred from voting, his claims are misleading at best. When former conservative Prime Minister John Howard drafted a statute to bar all prisoners from voting, it was struck down by the High Court of Australia.
In other words, what Morrison implies to be legal fact is, in legal fact, unconstitutional, as declared by our highest court. Prisoners retain the right to re-enrol on release, which is a different question from how many actually do.
It is clear that Morrison is a key player here. His parliamentary secretary, Senator Concetta Fiaverentti-Wells, has been appointed by the Prime Minister (alongside former Immigration Minister Phillip Ruddock) to ‘lead the national conversation’ on citizenship (more on this development below).
Additionally, Morrison was the Minister for Immigration when the Australian Citizenship Amendment Bill 2014 foreshadowed most of these changes last year (Hansard 23 October p. 11744). There is an analysis of the second reading speech for that Bill, which the Senate referred to the Constitutional and Legal Affairs Committee on 30 October 2014, here.
The last category is actual (not just potential) dual citizens. For this group, regardless of where they or their parents or grandparents or spouses were born, the government is unequivocally seeking the power to suspend or revoke the Australian half of their dual citizenship.
The grounds for such revocation would be this: the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection forms a view that the Australian person is a terror suspect.
You may be old enough to remember when former Immigration Minister Kevin Andrews (now defence minister. Defence!) formed a view, on character grounds, about Dr. Mohammed Haneef. Off to indefinite detention for Dr Haneef, supposedly to keep Australia safe. It cost us millions of dollars, in legal processes and ultimately in damages. Millions. For nothing but a shameful exercise in terror-mongering.
Think how many public housing units those millions of dollars could have built, or how many respite care hours it could have provided.
So despite the nature of rights being necessarily universal – in moral and democratic principle, and as codified into international law under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – our government wants us to choose between these options:
– expand executive power to suspend, cancel or revoke basic rights over all Australian citizens, in breach of inter alia doctrine of separation of powers, presumption of innocence, and international law; or
– expand executive power over some Australians but not others, effectively creating a two-tiered citizenship regime where more recent migrants have fewer rights, in breach inter alia of the Rule of Law and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Asserting breaches of such fundamental principles is a serious matter, so it is worth setting out some brief definitions.
Executive power: the exercise of power, in this case over the most fundamental of rights, by the minister, at his discretion, based on a view he has formed.
Doctrine of separation of powers: The power-sharing arrangement by which democracies establish ‘checks and balances’ to limit the power of the legislature (both houses of the Parliament), the executive (Ministers in cabinet and the staff of their departments, such as immigration officials) and the judiciary (the High Court can strike down unconstitutional laws, that is, law that is enacted without the constitutional authority to do so).
Presumption of innocence: Every person accused by the state of breaching our criminal law is innocent until proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt, as decided by a judge, or by a jury of their peers, in a properly constituted court of law.
Rule of Law: Everyone is equal before the law and no person is above the law.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights: All humans are born equal in rights and dignity… (Article 1).
What is the national conversation about? National security, citizenship and reporting
These changes are sought, as erosion of democratic rights always are, on national security grounds. The threat is variously labelled ISIS or ‘the so-called Islamic State’ (most mainstream media), ISIL (President Obama and Foreign Minister Julie Bishop prefer this term) Da’esh (Bishop again and occasionally Prime Minister Tony Abbott) or the death cult, the apocalyptic death cult, the millennial death cult (Prime Minister Abbott again).
As is the way with a deeply fragmented media, the government positions are presented in an ahistoric and decontextualized way. For example, look at who is saying no, stop. None of this should be entertained. It is an abomination. Wherever that discourse appears, the speaker is attacked by government.
The media then foregrounds government’s aggressive, irrational response to a calm and balanced observation from a highly-qualified and dignified professional; and this is called “balance”. Knowing this, the government repeats the strategy.
In fact, government is not interested in a national conversation at all. If it was, the contribution of as esteemed a person as Gillian Triggs, in her capacity as president of the Australian Human Rights Commission, would be welcomed rather than vilified.
As mentioned, the second option is canvassed as somehow more palatable. This narrative implies that the government should not attack all Australians’ citizenship rights but some – well, maybe. So the media and the polity lean towards an option that disregards equality as a fundamental value.
It is not surprising that this option is gaining the most traction. Entrenched inequality on the basis of migration status is as old as white Australia itself; and has become particularly poisonous under the current government.
Another narrative is that our citizenship rights have been set in stone since the dawn of the nation-state. This is not true. It took almost 50 years after federation before the Australian Citizenship Act 1948 (Cth) was passed (more on its history and context below). Malcolm Turnbull referred to the 1948 Act, putting the conservative position that ‘an old law is a good law’. His claim ignores that the previous conservative government of John Howard, in which he was a minister, amended the Act in 2007.
Another media standard is to assume that ‘balance’ is achieved by presenting the three options outlined above and the question as to whether or not the other major party will agree to, or oppose, the policy. This is not true either. We do not necessarily need to know the Labor party position to conclude that these proposals should not, and should never have been, on the table at all. The relevant information is available in the discussion paper, the citizenship amendment bill, the media releases and press conferences and reports and rhetoric.
In discussing citizenship on social media, the ‘what will Labor do?’ question looms large. Labor will not be wedged on national security, is what Labor will do. I can not add further analysis here – to my raw disgust for this position. I understand it, I do not have to like it. But Labor are not in power; and when they are, terror-mongering is less rampant. The Liberal-National Coalition are in power, and the Liberal-National Coalition government are the problem.
It is the government that has the power to pass these proposals into law. It is what the government is saying that matters most. Thus we can not dismiss these ideas out of hand, and academia – and the citizen scholar, as we visualise something broader and more universal than the citizen journalist – must step up.
Something as fundamental as violating basic citizenship rights can not be properly debated, and should not be presented to the people, without context and history.
Is Australian citizenship an old law and a good law?
The Australian Citizenship Act 1948 (Commonwealth) was passed by the government of Labor hero Ben Chifley and came into force on 26 January 1949. Until then, all Australians were British subjects.
Like colonisation (terra nullius), and the Constitution itself (s. 51 xxvi, the ‘race power’), these historic events were deeply pre-occupied with race. The assertion of white superiority and thus a fixed racist mindset were key drivers in the formation of the Australian nation state, as evidenced by the debate at the time and the race power, above.
Section 51 defines the federation itself. It lists which powers were transferred from the former colonies to the Commonwealth, and thus which powers were retained by the new states.
A central concern of the establishment of Australian citizenship in 1948 was the influx of post-war migrants, and particularly southern and eastern European migrants. We were not so concerned, and never have been, by British migrants. In fact, Britain was only declared a foreign power at law by the High Court in Sue vs Hill [1999] HCA 30.
Ironically enough, given that no-one seems privy to the date on which Tony Abbott renounced his British citizenship, this was the case that challenged the constitutionality of dual citizens sitting as elected members of the Commonwealth parliament.
This may seem like a snide aside, but there are serious underlying points. Firstly, Malcolm Turnbull’s assertion that the current arrangements are old and good is demonstrably false. In fact, the arrangements favour Britain and British migrants (unequal = not good, under the principles set out above); and are in living memory for anyone born before 1985 or thereabouts (1999 ≠ 1948; sixteen years ≠ old).
Secondly, Abbott’s allegiance to Britain is abundantly evident. His aggressive and divisive campaign during our Republic referendum; and his reference to pre-1788 Australia as ‘nothing but bush’ are but two examples.
This is not to say that Abbott can not also show allegiance to Australia. But in the current context, he has proffered ‘Britain does it’ as a substantive argument for the ‘strip citizenship’ provisions he wants to introduce here.
This is not relevant. Britain is a former colonial power – of Australia but more importantly in the Middle East. Britain has many more migrants from the Middle East than we do.
Further, Britain is next door to France, which also experiences periodic outbreaks of Islamophobia and subsequent unrest, principally among its Algerian-French population, also a legacy of colonialism. Britain is in the same hemisphere as, and not buffeted by the largest ocean on earth from, Iraq and Syria.
In summary, our geopolitical realities are enormously different to Britain and always have been, yet Abbott does not see it that way because he is British-born and in many ways remains British at heart.
The developments of 1999 aside, the 1948 Act, like all statutes, is not set in stone either. Late in 2007, as he faced electoral defeat for the first time in twenty years, the Citizenship Act was amended by the conservative Coalition of John Howard.
Political and social commentators have long noted racist dimensions to Howard’s leadership: his 1988 comments about Asian immigration; his refusal to denounce the racism of Pauline Hanson even as she was disendorsed by his own party; the infamous ‘Tampa election’ of 2001, where the Coalition unashamedly conflated asylum seekers with terrorism (which no-one has been willing or able to disaggregate since); the Northern Territory Emergency Intervention, which included sending the army into remote Aboriginal communities.
Each of these highly influential and harmful machinations was designed to attain or retain power – which is no different to any other politician. As a class, politicians are people who, by definition, seek power.
These sections have attempted to fill in some of the missing history and context that the mainstream media has neither the space nor the inclination to communicate to the populace. What follows is a more detailed examination of the flagged changes through the specific lens of the structural racism of the Australian polity.
Is Australia racist?
The university where I work is home to the most racially and culturally diverse student body in Australia, and to the largest Muslim-Australian student body, and the biggest Arab-Australian student body too. I have written thousands of words on the demographic realities of my students, their rights and interests and freedoms and courage and incredible achievements.
The main point here is that Muslim- and other Arab-Australian young people (young men, to be specific, but the side effects already have triggered attacks on Muslim women) are by far the most likely to be affected by these sorts of changes to the citizenship laws.
We know this, because the justification for the amendments to citizenship law is the threat of Islamic State. Firstly, Islamic State-controlled territory is in an Arab region; and secondly, the organisation is, by definition and self-identification, an Islamic organisation. It is Sunni Islam, but this distinction is rarely made by Australian government MPs.
This becomes relevant when we look at the inquiry into the actions of Man Haron Monis, who was of Iranian origin, which is a Shi’ite state and sworn enemy of ISIS. In fact, it is regularly reported that only the Shi-ite militias are having any ‘success’ against Islamic State (where success is killing, destroying property, and taking back territory) – and this is not unrelated to extensive co-religionist networks that intersect Islamic State and the Iraqi army.
That is the same Iraqi Army that we are expending blood and treasure to ‘train’, while publicly refusing to engage with Iran. The Foreign Minister has in fact engaged in some limited communication with Tehran. Yet the dominant narrative remains: no talking to Iran for all the same reasons we are told to be scared of Islamic State.
These reasons are, in their crudest terms, Islam and terrorism.
In Western Sydney, these distinctions do matter. We have already seen that white racists are more likely to attack Muslim women than any other group. And we can strongly predict, based on the political rhetoric and known policy developments and their impacts, that the proposed new citizenship law will disproportionately impact young Muslim and other Arab (and other brown) people.
It is not as though law enforcement authorities, or anyone really, can accurately distinguish on sight a young Colombian-Australian man who was born here, say, from a Lebanese Australian whose parents arrived in the 1980s, or an Afghani-Australian whose family has been here since the nineteenth century camel trains. I know I can not, despite living and working in the most diverse Australian population centre for the past twelve years.
One reason for mentioning our university and its demographic profile is its founding character as a vehicle for social justice and equality; another is to say, clearly and at times angrily: I talk to young people whose parents were born in Iraq and Syria and Lebanon every day; young people who identify as Assyrian and Muslim and Christian and refugees and migrants. Many raise the impacts of radicalisation rhetoric in conversation. The government talk is harmful. Its policies are problems, not solutions.
To return to the most recent developments: It was 26 May 2015. The Prime Minister called a joint press conference flanked by three colleagues. Senator Concetta Fiaverentti-Wells and former Minister for Immigration (and multicultural affairs, as it used to be called) Phillip Ruddock had been appointed to ‘lead a national conversation’ on citizenship, announced the Prime Minister.
The current Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Peter Dutton, was there too. Note how the change to the name of the ministry crystallises the false asylum-seeker-terror nexus.
As argued above, the announcements risk creating two-tiered citizenship: the better, stronger more inalienable version for old Australia (no, not Indigenous Australians, just those whose parents were born here); and the more tenuous version for those Australians who were born overseas and their children.
What evidence is there for these concerns?
Firstly, it is not rocket science to surmise that those in the first category are more likely to be white: Australians of European and British heritage. Those in the second category are more likely to be Australians of African, Asian, Arab and South American heritage.
The racist dimensions of these changes are multiple and manifest. As such, the conversation we should actually be having is about the racist foundations of the Australian polity, and how this foundational law and culture manifests today.
It is manifest in the false nexus created, by government, between asylum seekers and terrorism. It is manifest in the risk, created by government, of legally entrenching even further inequalities between white Australians and everybody else – except, in this particular instance, of Aboriginal Australians.
While the current public debate is centred, by government, on the false migrant-terror nexus, it should be noted that the basic rights of Aboriginal people – as Australian citizens, as First Peoples, and as human beings – are routinely violated by the state on the basis of their Aboriginality. The forced removal of traditional owners from their lands in Western Australia violates the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
But this is not a binding document (and it would not matter to this government if it were); and state-sanctioned racism is authorised by the Australian Constitution (the ‘race power’ s. 51xxvi) and upheld by the High Court of Australia.
These points should be noted for two reasons. Firstly, the violation of Aboriginal rights by governments are routinely ignored, or understated, or whitesplained. In addition, the most damaging commonality, from the foundation of the nation-state as a liberal democracy, to the establishment of Australian citizenship and the proposed amendments, is racist oppression as practiced by the dominant hegemony.
It is important to understand this dimension of the dominant Australian culture (as shown in the example of Lang Hancock, below) because it is currently being further promoted and legitimised by the current government, in violation of international law.
Decoding government messages
According to the DIBP media release these are the objectives of the national conversation we are going to have on citizenship this winter:
– consider whether the rights and responsibilities of citizenship are well understood and how we can better promote these, including among young Australians
– Seek the public’s views on further possible measures, including the suspension of certain privileges of citizenship for those involved in terrorism
The first point encodes its own answer thus: no, the rights and responsibilities are not well understood, otherwise there would be no need to ‘better promote these’. Australian citizenship rights and responsibilities are least understood by young people, which inevitably, inexorably, leads to meddling with the civics education curriculum.
For example, the Minister for Education has already flagged his desire to change the civics curriculum in favour of ‘Western civilisation’. The Attorney-General has released a few frightening thought bubbles on teaching school children to report those who are ‘different’. The aim of this aim is therefore abundantly clear.
The second point further encodes the pre-conceived conclusions that will be reached via this conversation we have not yet held. There is no particular reason Australians would suddenly start talking about citizenship rights as privileges; or about suspending the rights of citizens who were born overseas, or whose parents were born overseas.
White Australians tend to be racist, but we also tend to be largely disengaged from political process and the mechanics of government. Individual racism is ugly and disrespectful and harmful, but it is micro-aggression, on an individual scale.
Opening these topics for discussion is different: it is entirely government-led. Despite the dearth of quality political leadership, the government still leads on national debate. It is governments that violate human and civil rights through structural oppression of particular groups, as this government is seeking to do, on a mass scale.
On my reading, the ‘national conversation’ is designed for nothing more than reassuring those conservative voters who might feel uncomfortable about supporting a government intent on violating basic rights to non-white Australians.
The objectives ignore the vast amount of literature on citizenship, both Australian and international, including on teaching citizenship. It is ideologically driven: there is no evidence that teaching school children to report those who are ‘different’ is an effective national security measure.
There is voluminous counter-evidence: that such attitudes in fact centre and normalise social injustice and inequalities; and that these sorts of oppressions not only lead to higher rates of violence but are a recognised form of violence in themselves, known as structural violence.
Moreover, the ideas announced at the press conference, in the accompanying media release, in federal cabinet, and contained in the discussion paper have already been tabled in the federal parliament. Legislating to place the power to suspend, cancel or revoke citizenship rights at the discretion of the Minister are all there in the Hansard.
This preview is in the form of the above-mentioned Australian Citizenship Amendment Bill 2014, drafted under the former Minister for Immigration and Border Protection Scott Morrison. The bill and the second reading speech, delivered on 23 October 2014 by Paul Fletcher, the member for Bradfield on Sydney’s North Shore (Hansard p. 11744) foreshadows the same changes as the discussion paper, including the attack on the citizenship of minors if their parents’ Australian citizenship was conferred rather than a birthright – despite it being those minors’ birthright.
All government policies contain traces of the factional manoeuvres of the party in power, so I note, briefly, that one newly-appointed ‘leader’ of the national conversation on citizenship is Morrison’s current parliamentary secretary. The other, Ruddock, had been demoted from the position of Chief Whip after a party-room move against Abbott’s leadership. The appointment is thus easily readable as a signal of appeasement to Morrison as well as public rehabilitation of Ruddock after that petty humiliation by his leader.
It goes without saying that these are deeply serious powers. A Minister of the Crown, without the benefit of evidence tested before a court of law, will have legal power to traduce the citizenship rights of children who were born here, if their parents were born elsewhere.
The incredibly wide scope of this law means that assurances about judicial review are meaningless. Judicial review only determines whether the Minister has acted within the authorising law. If the authorising law gives the Minister such extensive power, judges (other than the full bench of the High Court if deciding on its constitutionality) will be compelled to find that he (sic), the Minister, acted within it.
When that first review is submitted, and the judge is so compelled, the government will trumpet the decision as somehow representing judicial approval of their disgusting law. It will represent nothing of the sort, but the government will exploit ignorance of the law nonetheless. Whether this is despite, or because of, the fact that this is a government of lawyers … Well. Most governments are.
There is much more evidence that the dominant racist Australian hegemony is being centred and privileged, and that this centring and privilege is being normalised, by the citizenship ‘conversation’.
While this post is already too long, I have deliberately put all this context and detail in one place. Its purpose is to serve as a reference point or handy link for anyone who is committed to refuting the dominant narratives.
So. There remains the matter of an absence of terror threats; and the content of the discussion paper, which sets the tone, and confirms for the text analyst that the migrant-terrorism nexus is being reinforced in the national consciousness by these government actions.
The paper begins by reproducing one of the most cherished tropes by which white Australia legitimises itself, while simultaneously rejecting and denying the structural racist oppression ingrained in, and practiced by, the Australian polity.
Citizenship is a cornerstone of Australia’s inclusive and pluralist democracy. Together we have built a modern nation on the idea that people can get ahead if they are prepared to ‘have a go’. Still, in a world in which terrorists are reaching out to our community, we cannot be complacent about our future as a strong, safe and cohesive society. It is time for a national conversation about the role of citizenship in shaping our future.
This may sounds reasonable to the naïve reader, to someone who accepts the invisibility of whiteness and other meta-narratives, but who can not see this accepting stance they hold in themselves. This someone has implicit faith in the sound motivations and good will of political leaders, and reads government-approved claims at face value.
Typically this person is a white middle class man with a wife and two children and a mortgage and some superannuation (but not enough). He belongs to a sporting or other community club, and sees nothing in the way he is treated by authority or how he is depicted in the media to trouble his relaxed view of himself as a good bloke.
He is cis-gendered, neuro-typical, hetero-normative everyman.
Citizenship is a cornerstone of Australia’s inclusive and pluralist democracy.
As mentioned, citizenship was no cornerstone in the creation of our nation. White Australia was considered enough of a priority to write racist clauses into the Constitution, but not citizenship. Half a century passed before this omission was addressed. Australian citizenship is more of an afterthought than a cornerstone.
Whether the country is inclusive or pluralist is also highly contestable. Take a look at any powerful entity, institution or corporation in Australia: its senior ranks are mono-cultural. This is not to ignore the many amazing achievements of First Peoples and non-white migrants and women. But nor does it change the facts.
Cabinet now has two women (up from one) and one brown person whose parents were born overseas. The political leadership, loudest and even most mundane media voices, heads of large companies like banks and miners, senior police officers and the judiciary, the religions and vice chancellors and sporting elite – all are dominated by white men. It is axiomatic that if we were in fact ‘inclusive’, these demographics would shift.
Together we have built a modern nation on the idea that people can get ahead if they are prepared to ‘have a go’.
This idea is heavily circulated and endorsed. But the facts do not support the claim. Over 90 per cent of Australian wealth is inherited. It is derived from rent-seeking and plunder. The embodiment of this is Gina Rhinehart. Not only is her wealth inherited, it is sourced directly to the mining leases over traditional Aboriginal lands, granted by government. Her benefactor father famously referred to ‘no-good half-castes’ and advocated sterilising Aboriginal people, a people whose land he destroyed for personal gain.
This is not wealth creation, any more than deploying armies of lawyers and tying up court resources to squabble with her children over money, as Gina does, is justice. It is not having a go; it is being born white into a family who have accrued monstrous benefits from the dispossession of First Peoples.
Still, in a world in which terrorists are reaching out to our community, we cannot be complacent about our future as a strong, safe and cohesive society. It is time for a national conversation about the role of citizenship in shaping our future.
Consider the sources of fear and insecurity in Australia today. What are they? Are people in fact complacent about those risks?
Terrorism is not the chief cause of fear and insecurity in Australia. Poverty, racism and other forms of structural oppression, domestic violence, suicide and despair, youth homelessness, any homelessness, unemployment and under-employment and job insecurity and housing insecurity: it is these, and not terrorism, that undermine what could, potentially, be a strong, safe and cohesive society but is not.
A society is not strong and safe and cohesive (or democratic, or liberal, or equal, or just) if it is only some of these things to some people. Universality is, by definition, an essential element of these values and social goods. Where structural oppression continues to deny basic rights to Indigenous Australia and people with disabilities and more recent migrants and women and children and the LGBTIQ community, there is no justice.
Yet the government narrative would have the Australian public believe that we are under attack. This is also common strategy. There is precious little evidence of a terror threat to anyone in Australia. The few details and incidents we are told about are announced by government members flanked by security personnel (the head of ASIO, the Australian Federal Police) and filtered by mainstream media.
The only actual ‘terror-related’ attack (other than by white people against women who wear the hijab on public transport, which is terror-rhetoric related) is that of Man Haron Monis, a torture survivor and known criminal with a mental illness who was on bail for accessory to murder and over 40 sexual assault offences.
Monis had written to the Attorney General seeking advice as to the legality of contacting senior ISIS religious leader caliph Ibrahim. The letter became the subject of parliamentary questions. The Minister for Foreign Affairs had to “correct the record” as to whether the letter had been submitted on request to the state-federal inquiry into the siege.
In the meantime, the government had used the non-mention of the letter by the state-federal inquiry – the letter that AGs had not, in fact, supplied – to imply that it was unimportant. Just like misleading parliament – unimportant to this government.
So. Monis was known to authorities state and federal. He killed one person, café manager Tori Johnson (the NSW police force killed twice as many: Monis and barrister Katrina Dawson). This is the only recognised ISIS-related act of violence on Australian soil. The only actual documented connection to ISIS was a letter to the AG (the flag he unfurled was not in fact an ISIS flag), who merely referred it on to ASIO, who did nothing.
There is nothing but speculation by politicians and commentators to suggest that this was a terror attack, which is to say there is nothing at all, at least until the inquest reports its findings.
The rest of the public chatter is equally evidence-free. There are high profile ‘anti-terror’ raids which are spoken of by the Prime Minister as though every person arrested has been found guilty beyond reasonable doubt in a court of law.
This is untrue. That is, there have not yet been any convictions of an accused who pleaded not guilty from recent raids. Yet the Prime Minister talks endlessly of ‘terrorists’ immediately after every raid. He cites the fact of the raids themselves as though a police raid is itself evidence of a terror threat. Under the legal principle of presumption of innocence, the raids are not evidence of anything.
Then there is the police killing of a teenager who allegedly lunged at them with a knife. These claims will never be tested because police are never charged with murder when they kill citizens, and there is no-one else to put on trial. That killing was the subject of appallingly sensationalist and error-ridden reporting, enough to undermine any trust in the media, certainly for the (living) boy whose picture was erroneously splashed across the front pages of the Fairfax press calling him a jihadi.
Finally, there are the oft-cited claims that Australians are fighting for ISIS. The numbers are usually placed at around 100 fighters and approximately 30-35 killed. For this, in a population of over 23 million, the Parliament, with bipartisan support, enacted the Foreign Fighters Act 2014 (Cth) and the National Security (Data Retention) Act 2014 (Cth).
It stands to reason that if foreign fighters are the problem, and these statutes were the solution, then the problem is now solved, and there is no cause to threaten basic citizenship rights of Australians born to foreign-born parents. Yet it would appear that the government either does not have faith in its enacted solutions; or it is concerned with something other than counter-terror measures.
If there is something other than attacks on fundamental rights disguised as counter-terror measures the Australian polity should be having a conversation about, it is this:
Racist oppression is a cornerstone of Australia’s dominant hegemony. White Australians have plundered these Aboriginal lands for immense profit, on the idea that only white people can and should get ahead while lying about the source of their wealth. Still, in a world in which governments are impoverishing and oppressing many in the community, we cannot be complacent about our desired future for a strong, safe and cohesive society. It is time for a national conversation about the increasingly dangerous attacks by government that violate the most fundamental of political, civil and human rights if we want to shape a shared future based on equality and justice.
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U.S Billionaire Jeffrey Epstein arrested for sex trafficking
by InboxpageBlog on July 8, 2019
Florida-based billionaire Jeffrey Epstein has been indicted on new charges related to alleged sex crimes involving minors, law enforcement sources told CNN on Saturday. Epstein was arrested Saturday and is expected to appear in federal court in New York on Monday.
Epstein faces charges brought by US prosecutors in Manhattan, after previously evading similar charges when he secured a non-prosecution deal with federal prosecutors in Miami. The charges, contained in a sealed indictment, involve alleged sex trafficking crimes committed between 2002 and 2005, according to law enforcement sources. The indictment alleged that the crimes occurred in both New York and Palm Beach, Florida.
A team of federal prosecutors from the Southern District of New York, along with some in the public corruption unit, have been assigned to the case. Maurene Comey, the daughter of former FBI director James Comey, is one of the prosecutors, according to a source with knowledge of the case.
**This story was written by https://www.cnn.com
Posted in: Business, Crime
Nigeria has finally joined the African Free Trade Agreement
by InboxpageBlog
African superpower Nigeria has signed an agreement which aims to increase trade between African coun...
US Postal Service Worker killed in Louisiana while delivering mail
A U.S. postal worker died Saturday after he was shot multiple times while on his mail route, the Shr...
A Nigerian senator caught on camera assaulting a woman
A video showing a senator beating up a woman in a sex toy shop in Abuja has sparked outrage in Niger...
Fetus found Inside A Passenger Jet Toilet Before Take-Off
Cleaners found an abandoned foetus blocking the toilet of an plane in South Africa on Friday, the ...
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Iran Hostage Crisis
Iran Hostage Crisis..
Important Dates..
Mohammad Mosaddegh
Ayatollah Khomeini
Interview>
Interview Quotes and Questions
Yellow Ribbons
How did it impact America?
Connection to my world
Yellow RIBBON PAGE.
This is the "Yellow Ribbon" page. This is dedicated to the hostages during the Iran Hostage Crisis. Thousands of Americans tied yellow ribbons around trees as a symbol of the hostages dangerous situation.
Penelope (Penne) Laingen"
'At one time there were some college students throwing dog food at Iranian demonstrators in our streets. I said that just wouldn’t help our situation. “Tell them to do something constructive, because we need a great deal of patience. Just tell them to tie a yellow ribbon around the old oak tree.” I don’t know why it came to me, except that I had put a yellow ribbon up myself on a large oak in my yard. And she said, “Have you done this?” And I said, “Yes.” She lived in Reston,Virginia, and she said “I think it’s a wonderful thing,” so she started hanging ribbons in Reston.
One night, it was snowing and my doorbell rang. I went to the door and there was a woman there, who turned out to be an AID wife. And there was her station wagon with the children and the dog hanging out of it, and she said, “I have just come to tell you that I have appointed myself Chairman of the Yellow Ribbon Committee — my sister and I.” [It was Gail Carlson and Karen Helfert.] And so, those two started hanging ribbons all over Washington, DC, up Massachusetts Avenue and around the White House. Then eventually I was asked to the White House to hang a yellow ribbon on a Georgia Maple, so I went with Mrs. Carter and did that. Then, I was asked up to Capitol Hill to put a yellow ribbon around the Sam Rayburn Oak tree [the night of the State of the Union Address]. And then, I went to Wye Oak,Maryland, where the largest oak tree in the United States is located, with Governor Harry Hughes. It was so large that instead of a ribbon, we had a bolt of yellow and he went around one side of the tree and I went around the other, and we swathed this giant tree with yellow.'
Penelope was Bruce Laingen's wife, he had served in Germany, Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Was also apart of the Iran Hostage Crisis.
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Tag Archives: Genrenauts
The Data Disruption by Michael R. Underwood
By HCNewton ¶ Posted in Fiction, Genrenauts, Michael R. Underwood, Science Fiction ¶ Tagged 3 1/2 Stars, Cyberpunk, Genrenauts, Michael R. Underwood, Science Fiction, SF, The Data Disruption ¶ Leave a comment
The Data Disruption
by Michael R. Underwood
Series: Genrenauts, #0
Kindle Edition, 68 pg.
Read: May 27, 2017
It’ll come to no surprise to any of my longer-term readers that I liked this — it’s pretty established that I’m a Genrenauts fan. I dig the characters, the world(s), the type of stories Underwood’s telling — the whole kit and caboodle. This story is no exception — I liked it. This takes place just before Leah is recruited, so the team is functioning very smoothly — no growing pains needed — just King, Shireen and Roman doing their thing like seasoned pros.
It’s a pretty straight-forward, classic cyberpunk story (yeah, I’m old enough that cyberpunk can be called “classic”) — notorious hacker, D-Source, has gone missing. Which is causing all sorts of problems for the rest of his crew, and (by extension) all of Cyberpunk world as well as ours. So King and his team (minus Mallery, off in Western world) head out to save the day. They’ve worked with D-Source in the past and therefore have an easier time getting an “in” to the story in-progress. What results is a solid heist story with all the cyberpunk bells and whistles.
Underwood has been modeling this series after TV shows, and wrote this as a “lost pilot” to “serve as an introduction to the series, which I’ll use to invite more people into the worlds of Genrenauts.” Here’s my problem with that — no one watches a lost pilot until the show’s been around for a while, and usually only fans see it. No one sits down to watch “The Cage” (or the two-part version, “The Menagerie”) as an introduction to Star Trek, and for good reason. Similarly, Leah Tang is our point-of-entry character, and to remove her from the equation takes something away from the overall story. Also, there’s something that’s slowly revealed over the course of the first few books that’s just blatantly stated. I just think that works better the way that Underwood originally wrote it.
Still, Underwood knows what he’s doing, and if he thinks this will work to bring in new readers, I hope he’s right.
Putting that aside, I’m supposed to be talking about the story, not Underwood’s plans. The story worked really well. It was a little too short for me — but it’s supposed to be short, so I shouldn’t complain. Besides, I almost always complain about short story length — even I’m tired of that. While the story was told in its fullness, I just would’ve liked to see everything fleshed out a little more — also, I wouldn’t mind spending more time with my friends. Fast, fun, with good action — celebrating what makes a cyberpunk story work — and winking at the genre at the same time.
Still, any time with the ‘Nauts works for me. Good story, decent intro to this series that I can’t stop recommending — and a great price (free). Still, reading this after the sixth book would be my recommendation after starting with The Shootout Solution.
Genrenauts: The Complete Season One Collection by Michael R. Underwood
By HCNewton ¶ Posted in Fantasy, Genrenauts, Michael R. Underwood, Mystery/Detective Fiction/Crime Fiction/Thriller, P-U, Science Fiction, Western ¶ Tagged 5 Stars, Fantasy, Genrenauts, Michael R. Underwood, Mystery/Detective Fiction/Crime Fiction/Thriller, Romance, Science Fiction, The Absconded Ambassador, The Cupid Reconciliation, The Failed Fellowship, The Shootout Solution, The Substitute Sleuth, Western ¶ Leave a comment
Genrenauts: The Complete Season One Collection
Series: Genrenauts, #1-6
Kindle Edition, 544 pg.
Parallel to our world are various worlds populated by fictional characters in a wide variety of genres (Western, SF, Romance, etc), and when things go wrong in the stories, things go wrong in our world. For example, broken Romance world stories = higher divorce rates here. In this world, there are a number of teams of story specialists who shift to the other worlds to fix the stories and set things back on course here. Leah Tang — a struggling stand-up comic by night, struggling receptionist by day — is the newest recruit. Join her as she learns the ropes, rights wrongs, struggles with ethics, and gets shot at while cracking jokes.
Originally printed as 6 episodes in 5 novellas, now collected in one season-long omnibus, Genrenauats as become one of my favorite series this year and I’m glad to get one more chance to talk about it with the release of the collection this week.
There’s a great cast of characters here, all of which deserve the reader’s time and focus. For example, I was tempted to not-really-ignore, but relegate Angstrom King to back burner status in my mind. He’s the leader, he points the team in a direction, but the real excitement’s with the rest. This was a mistake on my part — think of him like Capt. Picard. Sure, for the most part he sits around in his ready room with some Earl Gray (hot) — but really, some of the more interesting things that happen in he series are because of his actions. King’s not Jean-Luc, but there’s a similar quality.
I love a good team — fiction, TV, comics, you name it — the interaction, the teamwork, the dynamics, there’s really nothing like it. There’s a great team in these novellas — some of the intra-team camaraderie got pushed aside for a little romance that doesn’t really work for me (but I get why it would for others and appreciate the way Underwood’s tackling it). Overall, it’s built on solid interactions and relationships that have plenty of room to grow and develop over the many seasons that we hopefully get of this.
Each adventure gives Underwood an opportunity to talk about various genres — to talk about the clichés, tropes, archetypes, pluses, minuses, and so on of each genre. And one visit to each won’t be enough to fully explore these. Don’t get me wrong, we’re not talking Master’s Theses-esque discussion, he jokes about them, plays with them, sometimes turns them upside down while telling his tale.
The collection includes:
The Shootout Solution — We meet Leah Tang, Angstrom King and the rest of his team. We’re also introduced to the concept of Genrenauts, Story Worlds, the effects that they can have on our world — also, we get a pretty decent story in Western World. Not bad for 148 pages. (For more details, you might want to read my original blog post, my blog post about the audiobook)
The Absconded Ambassador — The team goes to Science Fiction World to help out on a DS9-like Space Station. On the verge of a major treaty being finalized and signed, the Terran ambassador has been kidnapped. It’s up to King and co. to rescue the ambassador and keep the shaky alliance from crumbling in her absence. We learn a little more about everyone, and while having a lot of fun with genre conventions. ( my original blog post, my blog post about the audiobook)
The Cupid Reconciliation — The team gets back up to full strength in time to go rescue a Rom-Com gone awry. Underwood really lets things fly when it comes to observations about the genre and playing with conventions while using them for comedic — and narrative — value. Also — a couple of seeds that were planted in the first two novellas are watered enough that you can see season/season-plus story arcs beginning to grow. The series took a big jump in quality here. ( my original blog post)
The Substitute Sleuth — A Police Procedural needs some help, a no-nonsense cop’s off-the wall/out-of-the-box partner takes a bullet and another pair of mismatched detectives needs to come in and close the case. We get some major backstory stuff here, and the season arc is moved along nicely. The detective story itself isn’t my favorite, but what Underwood does with the tropes, themes, conventions, etc. is really good — it is more of a TV detective story than a novel detective story. Think Castle, not Harry Bosch (whoops, thanks Amazon, you ruined that point…). ( my original blog post)
The Failed Fellowship (Part 1 & 2) — This think kicks off with Leah Tang ranting about fantasy fiction and 5 episodes later, she gets to spend 2 episodes in Fantasy World, where a Chosen One with a Magic Artifact story has fallen to pieces. Leah’s in hog heaven, the rest of the team are at the top of their game and Underwood is, too. Rollicking good adventure. Best of the batch in every way. ( my original blog post)
I dig this series, and having all of the novellas in one handy collection is going to make it easier (I hope) for others to discover it — the collection is also a little cheaper than buying all the individual stories, which will also going to make things easier for people to discover it. If you haven’t dipped your toe in this world/these worlds yet, what are you waiting for?
The Failed Fellowship by Michael R. Underwood
By HCNewton ¶ Posted in Fantasy, Fiction, Genrenauts, Michael R. Underwood, Science Fiction ¶ Tagged Fantasy, Genrenauts, Michael R. Underwood, SF, The Failed Fellowship ¶ 1 Comment
The Failed Fellowship
Series: Genrenauts, #5 & 6
eARC, 181 pg.
Read: September 16 – 17, 2016
Her job was to fix the story, not right every little wrong in the entire world.
But was that really enough? If you force someone to work with shoddy equipment and they get hurt every week, eventually, shouldn’t you fix the tool instead of sending them to the doctor? She’d spent the last several months playing the doctor, applying spot fixes along with the team, keeping to the shadows. Help the real hero, delay the problems until the real hero came back.
I want to come back to talk about Leah’s continuing difficulties adopting the right attitude as a Genrenaut, but we’ve got some work to get through first.
A band of intrepid warriors, in possession of a magic artifact carried by the one person capable of stopping a great evil enters a castle and fights through untold numbers of warriors through magic and feats of strength and skill. Only to have the Chosen One killed before they can challenge the leader of the forces of evil. Clearly, not the way this story is supposed to go — which creates problems on Earth Prime, and a need for Angstrom King’s team to come to Fantasy World, get the band back together, and fix the story.
The first thing the team does when they get to the world is track down Ioseph, the wizard who assembled the failed heroes. Leah describes him as:
Gandalf if Gondor had already fallen, Dumbledore facing a fascist wizard state under Voldemort.
Which is a great descriptive line, wholly genre-appropriate. This is Underwood at his best — not that he’s not great in SF or the other genres we’ve seen this season — but in Fantasy, he’s at his strength (see the Ree Reyes series for further examples).
It’s not just Underwood being comfortable, either — one of the first things we learned about Leah is that she’s a big Fantasy Fan. So her being here was is just what she’s been waiting for — and she makes the most of it. She jokes, she fights, she sings (her character is a bard), performs heroic deeds and she eats a lot of stew (while making the requisite snarky remarks about the stew). Everything you want in an epic fantasy novel or game, it’s celebrated and commented on at the same time. It’d be very easy to do a quick edit to remove all the references to other worlds/Genrenauts/etc. and come up with a decent novella-length story here — with a pretty good twist. Thankfully, we don’t have to read that hypothetical edit — we get Leah and the gang guiding us through it.
In addition to the pretty fun story — we get to see these Genrenauts function like a fully formed team — which is not to say they’re perfect, part of it is Leah’s rookie status, part of it comes from the length of time they spend in this world (as we learned last time), and part of it is the uncertainty that the tall woman they’ve been chasing brings to the story. There’s at least one other part, but you have to read the book to learn about it. Roman gets to tell Leah where he came from and what that means, which helps him a lot (the rest of the team, too). King’s and Shirin’s part of the story is the more straight-forward, if for no other reason than their temperaments and experience. Which is not to say that their parts are dull — in fact, one of the best characters from this world (with the obligatory annoying ‘ in his name) comes from their portion of the story.
The focus is, of course, on Leah — she loves being surrounded by a fantasy story and lets the setting get to her. Also, as the opening quotation shows, she’s struggling with her role as a Genrenaut in various worlds. Much like Kirk bristling under the constraints of the Prime Directive, Leah has a hard time adapting her sense of right and wrong to the world and culture she’s in — and I’m not sure she’s getting better about it, maybe she’s getting worse the more comfortable she is with the team. Frankly, I’m glad to see her struggle here, and I’m not sure what side I want her to come down on.
Leah’s now at the end of her probationary status — and if any of the Genrenauts were analyzing their own story, they’d clearly see that this was the end of a narrative arc and that something big was about to happen — enough to close this chapter and lead into a new one. It does, and it’s a doozy. Man, I hope things went well enough on the sales front for Underwood to be able to bring us a second season (if not seven) — I’m more than ready to support the next Kickstarter.
Underwood seemed more confident, a little more willing to have fun with the genre in these entries than he has with the others (not that he’s been all that restrained before). I loved this. When (for example) Leverage was on the air — there were better shows on, but few that I enjoyed as much. Similarly, I’ve read better books this year than The Failed Fellowship or any of the others in this series, but not that many and none have made me as happy reading these. There is one line towards the end of this that made me laugh out loud (and groan, too — Leah has no shame) and if I read an interview where Underwood said he wrote the previous 5 books in this series just to set up this line? It’d be justified.
Disclaimer: I received this eARC from the author in exchange for this post — I thank him for it (and for releasing the cover image in time for me to post this without my lousy placeholder).
Pub Day Repost: The Substitute Sleuth by Michael R. Underwood
By HCNewton ¶ Posted in Fiction, Genrenauts, Michael R. Underwood, Mystery/Detective Fiction/Crime Fiction/Thriller, Science Fiction ¶ Tagged 4 1/2 Stars, Genrenauts, Michael R. Underwood, Mystery/Detective Fiction/Crime Fiction/Thriller, Science Fiction, The Substitute Sleuth ¶ Leave a comment
The Substitute Sleuth
Series: Genrenauts, #4eARC, 88 pg.
Read: July 11, 2016
Adventure, excitement, hypothermia. All of this and more await you in the Genrenauts!
Once again, Leah Tang is having a rough time on her first visit to a genre world. It’s Chicago, there’s a snow storm, her primary partner on this particular mission is getting a bit too wrapped up in the story, and she had to see her second dead body (not that such a sight is ever pleasant, but this one is well, is fit for the opening scenes of Castle, Bones, etc.). Thankfully, her sense of humor isn’t only welcome on this mission, it’s required.
It all starts when poor Leah has to wake up early, summoned for a mission to patch a small story breach on Crime World — the Police Procedural region to be precise. King’s going to let her take the lead on it as a training exercise. And then things go wrong. Because, well, that’s just how things are going for this team lately — and the one story breach they came to Crime World to patch is overshadowed by a bigger one. Crime World breaches left unpatched bleed over into our world in the form more, and worse, crimes. Every bleed from a Genre World into ours sounds bad — but this one is worse. Leah is still having qualms about the ethics involved in what her team does, but given the stakes, she’s willing to put them aside.
Probably more than in the previous adventures, Leah and King lean on and exploit the tropes of this world and region. As a fan of the Whacky Investigator/Straight-Laced Law Officer partner stories/shows, I loved watching the two of them use, critique, and play with the story beats, types and clichés. White Hat hacking, convenient recovery periods after being shot, how clues show up at just the right time, and so on. At one point, Leah sees a pair of detectives that work in the precinct with the detective at the center of the breach:
Leah took them to be the friend cops, the other team that would work another part of a case—the cases that would all too often end up being related, thanks to the laws of narrative conservation.
I love that phrase “laws of narrative conservation,” I am stealing that, period. I talk about that phenomenon all the time here, and this phrase is going to save me so much typing.
Between this and the Max novella, we’re learning a good deal about Angstrom King — I think I’m getting a really good sense of him, and I’m liking him more than I expected. Leah is pretty much Leah, just a little more confident in her place and moving onward from where she’s been so far in the series. The rest of the team faded to the background to an extent that I found surprising, and I hope it’s not a sign of things to come. I’m pretty sure it’s not, Underwood wouldn’t have spent so much time establishing the team and characters if he was going to drop them. Everyone was present, but their roles were very diminished. Mallery’s got a bit more to do than the others, but really not much.
The closing pages of this do a great job of setting-up the two-part season finale in the next two novellas. I can’t say more than that — but how any fan of this series can be patient waiting to see what comes next is a greater mystery than the ones the team encounters on Crime World. Best of the bunch.
N.B.: As this was an ARC, there’s a chance that the quotations above might not be in the published version, I’ll try to confirm them as soon as I can.
Disclaimer: I received a copy of novella from the author in exchange for this post–thanks, Mr. Underwood!
The Substitute Sleuth by Michael R. Underwood
eARC, 88 pg.
The Cupid Reconciliation by Michael R. Underwood
By HCNewton ¶ Posted in Fiction, Genrenauts, Michael R. Underwood, Science Fiction ¶ Tagged 4 1/2 Stars, Genrenauts, Michael R. Underwood, Science Fiction, SF, The Cupid Reconciliation ¶ 1 Comment
What? Another Genrenauts/Michael R. Underwood post? Yup. Don’t worry, I’m going to slow down a bit (well, after this and then next week’s post, “What’s in Underwood’s Sock Drawer?”) — but trying to get the word out about the Kickstarter and the series takes some repetition.
I’m pretty sure that there’s a paragraph missing from this — I just don’t know what it was supposed to be about. I may end up revising this tomorrow.
The Cupid Reconciliation
This is my life, Leah thought . . . My amazing, confusing, totally screwed-up life.
Just as Leah is getting to the point that she’s starting to feel comfortable, maybe even a little confident, in her new job — her new life — things get shook up a little. Mallery, the member of the team whose injury led to Leah’s recruitment, is back from her convalescence. That alone will change the team dynamic in the field, and maybe even effect Leah’s standing in the team. The fact that they’re headed to Romantic-Comedy world, Mallery’s specialty, doesn’t help Leah’s spirits (particularly because she’d like that to be her specialty, too).
Speaking of the various worlds, I don’t know if we’d ever been given insight into how life in a Genre World would start to change a person after awhile. Or if we were, it wasn’t explained the way it was here. That was just a cool touch.
While Leah continues to be our point-of-view character, our entry into this world, this is really Mallery’s book. The rest of the team are there, and contribute but the major non-Leah narrative weight is all carried by Mallery. Which I’m fine with, she seems to be a fun character (maybe a little hard to take in real life, but that could just be her nerves about getting into the field/dealing with a probie) and we need to get to know her, but she’s a force of nature.
Mallery beamed, which Leah was realizing was pretty close to the woman’s resting face. Some women had resting bitch face, but Mallery glowed. It was impressive. A little annoying, but impressive.
There was something in the “Coming Next” page in the last episode that made me worry about the relationship between these two not getting off on the right foot — thankfully, it seemed to get off on a decent (if not the right) foot — but nothing’s perfect. The two characters are going to have to fumble a bit to get a strong working relationship.
Don’t get me wrong — King, Roman, and Shirin all had their moments and made their presence felt — but they were bit players in this one. I did appreciate getting to see Roman’s softer side on display, he’s a deeper thinker than you might take him for and his efforts to help the “male lead,” were borderline sweet.
Straightaway when they get to the world, they come up with a strong candidate for the couple causing the breach — and the team is wrong, they have to work harder than the last two times to find where the problem is. I appreciated that move — and didn’t realize until then how smooth that step had gone in the previous adventures.
Maybe it’s because this particular world so closely resembles our own, but Leah got a bit of insight into how the Genrenauts’ activities might seem to one of the people from that world — and it’s not that pretty. The Genrenauts violate the Prime Directive more than Kirk ever did (to put it in genre-terms). And Leah’s not so sure that their particular brand of meddling is all that ethical. And I have to admit, she may have a point. Mallery shuts down that kind of thinking/talk — at least until they’re safely back home. I trust that Leah’s doubts and questions will be all dealt with in a way that’s honest in the near future. Regardless, Leah’s ethical qualms add a good dimension to things.
I enjoyed seeing this world through Genrenaut eyes — the availability of fantastic (and cheap) apartments with amazing views, how easy it is to get a cab, the fact that there’s a romantic scene seemingly everywhere in the background — happy couples everywhere.
. . . Leah walked up to a double-wide window facing the park. The leaves were changing, making for a sea of rich oranges and yellows beside a crystal-clear lake. The view was postcard-perfect. And as a cherry on top, there was a couple rowing a boat in the lake, one carrying a parasol. And Leah could even make out a picnic basket. The energy of the place was contagious. Western world was cheesy and scary. Science Fiction was cheesy and a bit confusing. Rom-Com world was cheesy and delightful.
There’s sort of a happy ending montage at the end (or the narrative equivalent of one, anyway) that was just perfect. Once I realized what exactly Underwood was up to there, I couldn’t help grinning. I know it’s part of the series premise for him to play with, celebrate, comment on genre tropes, clichés, conventions and so on — but sometimes what he does seems to capture the essence of the particular genre in a way that just feels like he did it better than usual. This is one of those times.
If you’ve been reading this series already, you’re going to really enjoy this. If you haven’t started — go back to Episode 1 and start fresh, you won’t be sorry. Underwood has a good thing going here, and it’s just getting better. Fun, yet thoughtful; action-packed, but pretty restrained in use of force. A great balancing act that should inspire more to do this.
Disclaimer: I received this book from the author as part of his promotion of the Season One Kickstarter.
A Few Quick Questions With…Michael R. Underwood
By HCNewton ¶ Posted in A Few Quick Questions With..., Blog Series, Fiction, Genrenauts, Michael R. Underwood, Science Fiction ¶ Tagged A Few Quick Questions With..., A Little Help for Our Friends, Genrenauts, Michael R. Underwood ¶ Leave a comment
The first time I’d heard of Michael R. Underwood was on an episode of The Once and Future Podcast back in August of ’14, when he was promoting his first novel, Geekomancy, and I had to get my hands on it as quickly as I could. Reading it confirmed what I’d thought listening to the interview — this is my kind of writer: the interests, the sense of humor, the kind of story he was telling — if we weren’t members of the same Geek Taxonomic Rank, we were close enough. Every book/story since then has just increased that impression (even the ones that didn’t bowl me over). Naturally, I jumped at the chance to help promote his Kickstarter for Season 1 of Genrenauts with this little Q&A.
Man, I so wanted to go full fan-boy on him asking all sorts of detailed questions about his various books — especially this series — enough to make him shout, “Alpha 3-9!” while running away. Instead, I stuck with keeping it short and sweet, so he can focus on the Kickstarter, his job, his books, etc. (and because I like not having Restraining Orders taken out on me).
Michael R. Underwood is the author of seven books: Geekomancy, Celebromancy, Attack the Geek, Shield and Crocus, The Younger Gods, and Genrenauts, a series in novellas (The Shootout Solution and The Absconded Ambassador). By day, he’s the North American Sales & Marketing Manager for Angry Robot Books.
Mike lives in Baltimore with his wife and their ever-growing library. In his rapidly-vanishing free time, he geeks out on comics and games and makes pizzas from scratch. He is also a co-host on the Hugo Award-Finalist The Skiffy and Fanty Show and Speculate! The Podcast for Writers, Readers, and Fans.
Between your job, family, social life, social media, writing, media-ingestion (which based on your twitter feed and books is pretty impressive) how do you do it? Have you figured out how to survive without sleep?
I am actually a huge fan of sleep – I need at least 6 to 7 ½ hours a night to stay in peak form. I fit everything in because so many of the things I do fold into two or more others. Watching TV informs my fiction, it gives me stuff to blog about, or to discuss on the podcasts I do. Same with reading and video games. My wife is also a geek, so watching TV/movies, talking about media, and sitting around reading all still counts as time spent together.
My day job and my writing career support one another, since they’re both in the same field. I’m very lucky that my boss at Angry Robot, Marc Gascoigne, doesn’t expect me to put in long hours the way that some publishing professionals have to (I work 40 hours a week on the job, not 50-70 that I know some folks do). If I were an editor, I think it’d be much harder to keep everything balanced.
Even with all of that double-counting, I have still really streamlined my life. I used to have several more hobbies, but I haven’t been making time for tango or historical martial arts in the last few years. I’d like to get back into the martial arts, especially since I have a series in development which draws on that world.
What’s the one (or two) book/movie/show in the last 5 years that made you say, “I wish I’d written that.”?
The movie I most wish I’d written and/or been involved in the creation of is Mad Max: Fury Road. Watching Fury Road for the first time was something akin to a conversion experience for me. The way that action drove (heh) the narrative, how action foregrounded and revealed character, and the way that the film told a very specific story about combating toxic masculinity and rape culture through the lens of an extended chase scene – all of those elements totally blew me away, and have served as a call to action, a challenge to do better in my own writing. It’s a phenomenal example that a story can be exciting, commercial, and have something to say in addition to “whee!”
In between installments of the Ree Reyes series, you had a couple of other works published. Are you exclusively a Genrenauts author for the rest of this season/through season 5, or do you have another iron or two in the fire?
Since the Genrenauts Kickstarter is going very well so far, things are looking good for that series, with the Season One omnibus scheduled for this fall. I’d then start working on Season Two at the start of 2017, looking to pick the series back up in the Spring/Summer.
But I definitely have some other projects in development. There’s the fencing-oriented series I alluded to above, and I’m also eager to get back to the first draft of a space opera that I’ve been working on (it’s so much fun, folks. Some of the most fun I’ve had writing fiction).
My goal is to keep Genrenauts going for all five planned seasons, and to fit other projects in between those seasons, including at least one novel a year if possible. I’d also love to do some writing in the comics medium, but right now my wish-list of projects far outstrips the time I have available to write them, so I have to prioritize based on what projects have the best prospects in terms of finding a good home or method of getting to readers.
Up to this point you’ve been writing Urban Fantasy and SF, is that home for you, or have you thought about trying something else — or are the various worlds in Genrenauts scratching your itch to dabble in something else? Is there a genre that you particularly enjoy, but could never write?
My tastes range across the genres of speculative fiction, so I’m definitely planning on continuing to stretch my skills and write in a variety of modes and sub-genres. Genrenauts really helps with some of that, though there are some places where I have a more specific idea in a sub-genre for something that wouldn’t be a good fit for Genrenauts. Those ideas get their own chair in the Green Room of my writing brain. It’s very crowded in there. Don’t let the Story Idea Fire Marshal know.
I’d really like to write some romantic SF/F, where the romance plot is as developed as the SF/F story. The Ree Reyes series has some romantic elements, but I’ve been reading more Romance novels/novellas and am continually impressed at how Romance writers draw out such intensity of emotion and characterization. I’m trying to learn from those writers and see where I can use those skills to strengthen the relationship plots in my own stories.
I’m not likely to ever write a Literary Fiction work – one without SF/F elements and focusing on the super-deep language, slow-burn, internal exploration that is expected in that mode. It’s just not how I approach storytelling.
The whole point of this was to help promote the Kickstarter campaign, so we’d better talk about it a little — How’s the Kickstarter going (especially compared to what you’d expected/hoped)? What do you want people to know about the campaign that you haven’t already said?
The campaign is going really well! We hit 70% a week from the initial launch (almost to the hour), and it’s looking very likely that we will not only fund, but we might hit several of the stretch goals to have Mary Robinette Kowal return to perform audiobook editions of further episodes in the series. I’m really excited by the outpouring of support I’ve seen for the series, from Kickstarter backers to people offering to help me spread the word to people eager to review the new episodes, and so on.
When I was first developing the idea for Genrenauts, I started to hope that this might become a Big Thing for me, a series that could become a major portion of my creative output over several years, something that would help me develop a community of readers and storytellers, and to contribute to the discussions about why we tell stories and what they can do socially and personally. Every new backer for the Kickstarter, makes that dream ever more a reality, and I am deeply grateful to everyone who is helping make it happen.
Thanks so much for your time. I hope the Kickstarter campaign succeeds, and look forward to reading the rest of the Season.
And, folks, even if you’re not that interested in helping Underwood out, go help out so we can get more of these audiobooks for my sake, okay?
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Anniversary Events – what are they good for?
‘Lights Out’ project to mark 4 August led by 14-18NOW
You may feel that we’re flying high in our journey of First World War commemoration, but I’m afraid we haven’t even taken off yet.
We are currently being taxied to our take-off point, flicking through the in-flight magazine, enjoying a few themed exhibitions, BBC documentaries and dramas and perhaps indulging in a puzzle book participating in the National Archive’s hugely successful Operation War Diary crowd-sourcing project.
Hopefully you’ve taken in enough to know that Britain entered the war on 4 August 1914, and it is that date, one hundred years later, that we’re scheduled for take off.
The opening of the refurbished Imperial War Museum on 19 July will mark our acceleration down the runway but we’ll know we’re in the air during the government planned memorial services in Glasgow, Westminster and Belgium, as well as the 14-18NOW art project ‘Lights Out’. An art event designed to echo Sir Edward Grey’s ominous words “The lamps are going out all over Europe; we shall not see them lit again in our life-time.”
With at least four years of commemoration activities, this is a long-haul flight bound to have a mix of blockbuster in-flight movies and turbulence. But what will it all mean by 11 November 2018. Where will we land and will it be a safe landing?
In an attempt to make some sense out of this an AHRC research network has been set up between the Universities of Birmingham, Cardiff and Sheffield and involving heritage partners Historic Royal Palaces and National Library of Wales to investigate the significance of centenary commemoration. I recently attended one of their conferences at Hampton Court Palace and was fascinated by the topic.
Papers were given by a range of organisations and institutions including some of the big players in the First World War commemorations such as Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Heritage Lottery Fund and the Imperial War Museum. (Unfortunately the BBC weren’t represented, as their input would have been fascinating, but we did discuss anniversaries on TV.) Also, refreshingly, the day wasn’t just about the First World War and we heard about plans for the Peterloo anniversary in Manchester, the Power Rangers made a surprising appearance and as a reminder that the war wasn’t the only thing to happen in 1914 the Komagata Maru Incident was also discussed, a moment often forgotten in Canadian and Indian history. The bicentenary of the abolition of the slave trade was also referred to continuously throughout the day.
I could spend a long time going through each paper and discussing what I took from each, but in fear that this would make a very long blog post I’ll try to summarise the main points.
– Anniversaries aren’t going anywhere, we’re obsessed with them! From two pound coins to TV they feature in public understanding of history, and have been an increasing feature in recent years.
– A parallel change in the public understanding of history has been the emphasis on experience exemplified by the success of the BBC’s ‘Who Do You Think You Are’. This is useful for us to use aspects of family history or local history to engage with possibly new audiences, but could this mean we forsake the macro or political history? Does that matter?
– It is important to remember that as heritage organisations or universities we do not own the history we are trying to communicate. Topics, especially like the First World War or Peterloo or the abolition of the slave trade, are very personal and we need to trust people to make their own sense of this history through the gateways they chose.
– Evaluation was important to everyone involved from DCMS and HLF to the universities, museums and archives. DCMS and HLF have their desired outputs and will try to measure success against these. I was introduced to the logic chain, and DCMS said they would like to meta-evaluation but it sounds like getting evaluations out in the middle of the four years to inform later events will be challenging. HLF will work with Sheffield Hallam University on their evaluation.
– Everyone felt it was important that academia and heritage organisations keep up a dialogue throughout the anniversary events. Many new resources and sources will be unearthed and made available and it is valuable for the latest scholarship to be shared as widely as possible.
– Especially with so many cuts in so many areas it is great to have a lot funding available for First World War projects, as well as anniversaries more generally. HLF noted that through the First World War funding they have had a lot of first-time applicants, but large and small, new fundraisers and well-seasoned, it’s clear we’re all taking advantage of the available funding. But keeping track of the outputs and the current scholarship from all of this is difficult. For the First World War commemoration the number of organisations working in partnerships is huge and it is important to sustain those relationships after the project.
– Diverse stories are important, the fact that the First World War was a global conflict needs to be reflected in our work. There are also links outside of the conflict that can be examined and could be used for community projects, the Komagata Maru Incident is a perfect example.
– Finally there was some concern that we just move from one anniversary to the next, following the funding and the publicity to fund projects and attract audiences. It was felt there needed to be some longer legacy, that for many museums and archives the carefully prepared resources created for the bicentenary of the abolition of the slave trade are now in drawers and cupboards. Though I don’t think we need to lament too much on this. I think one of the legacies of those events has been the success of UCL’s ‘Legacies of British Slave-ownership’ project. It is possible that the bicentenary events laid the groundwork on knowledge to help people understand the background and importance of this database, and hopefully work like this will continue.
More events by the network are due in the forthcoming months and I will follow them with interest. In the meantime I have a lot to think about and will enjoy looking at how my work as a PhD student and museum professional can use anniversaries to promote the public understanding of history.
For future events of The Significance of the Centenary network: http://thecentenary.wordpress.com/key-events/
Filed under Art, Events, Exhibitions, Historiography, History, Libraries, Local History, Museums, Popular Culture, Public History Tagged with AHRC, Anniversary, Archives, Centenary, First World War, Museums, universities
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feel liked and accepted
accept themselves, even when they make mistakes
Low self-esteem means you don't feel very good about yourself.
Kids with low self-esteem:
don't think they are as good as others
don't feel liked or accepted
think more about the times they fail, than the times they do well
don't notice the good things about themselves
are hard on themselves and give up easily
Which one seems more like you?
Self-Esteem Matters
Here are three things to know about self-esteem:
Self-esteem helps you. It gives you the courage to try new things. Or make new friends. With self-esteem, you believe in yourself. You know that good things can happen when you try. Self-esteem helps you when things don't go your way. It helps you accept mistakes. If you miss the soccer goal or lose a library book, you don't get too mad at yourself. You just try again. You find a way to do better.
Low self-esteem can hurt you. It makes kids feel unsure. They don't think they can do things well. With low self-esteem, kids might not try. They might not go after their goals. They might be afraid to fail. Low self-esteem makes losing seem worse than it is. It makes mistakes seem bigger than they are. It makes it hard to get over things that don't go well. Instead of trying again, kids with low self-esteem might give up.
You can build your self-esteem. Self-esteem can start with things parents say when a kid is very young. A parent might tell a baby, "Look what you can do — you're walking all by yourself!" Being told good things makes the baby feel proud and feel good. As you get older, self-esteem can grow. Parents and teachers can let you know they see good things in you. Friends can help you feel liked. You can build your own self-esteem too. Notice when you try new things. Notice when you learn to do something. Did you try a new sport? Did you learn to ride a bike, play a song, or do a math problem? Be happy and proud. You don't have to brag out loud, but you can give yourself a quiet little high-five. Yay, you!
How to Build Your Self-Esteem
Make a list of the stuff you're good at. Can you draw or sing? Are you a good reader? Are you good at a sport? Do you tell a good joke? If you're having trouble with your list, ask a parent or friend to help you with it.
Practice the things you do well. Think of ways you can do some of the things you're good at every day.
Turn "I can't" into "I can!" Does the little voice in your head tell you "I'm no good at this" or "I can't do it"? Or "It's too hard for me"? That's you thinking badly about yourself. Decide to change your mind. Think, "I can give it a try," "I can handle this." Think, "I'll give it my best." Think, "I'll ask someone to help me do this."
Try your best. You can feel good about yourself when you give something a good try. When you try hard, your self-esteem will grow.
Spend time with people who love you. Do things you enjoy with your parent or family. It helps you know you belong. And that builds self-esteem.
Pitch in. Do nice things for parents. Help with meals, clean up, or feed the pet. When you do kind things, you feel good about yourself. You get to see that what you do means a lot.
Reviewed by: D'Arcy Lyness, PhD
Date reviewed: June 2018
Five Steps for Fighting Stress
Talking About Your Feelings
How Can I Feel Better About My Body?
Dealing With Peer Pressure
© Intermountain Healthcare
Primary Children's Doctors
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Top 5 Video Games Coming Out in April 2013
Filed under: Video Games — Leave a comment
Mid-spring promises to be interesting and rich for the gaming industry.
This month comes a few new games, and the April premieres will be very diverse, so that everyone can find something to their liking.
We would like to show you our list of the most anticipated games in April and invite you to choose the one you like best.
This spring started with many interesting releases and a new month again preparing us a variety of fantastic premiere.
We would like to show you the best games in April 2013, which should come very soon.
Have you ever imagined yourself as a superhero? Very soon you will find yourself in place of Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman and other characters and embark on an exciting adventure. New game Injustice: Gods Among Us – it’s a fighting game, which is based on the universe of DC Comics. The game will be a lot of one on one battles in two dimensions, and the graphics will adorn high-quality and detailed three-dimensional background.
Each hero Injustice: Gods Aming Us will have a story line, which will gradually unfold throughout the game. Interestingly, the main characters meet on the field of battle with a variety of enemies, even those with whom in the comics they never clashed.
Released Injustice: Gods Among Us is scheduled for April 16.
Papo & Yo game originally released on the PS3 in the summer of last year, but this amazing story has become so successful that the developers have decided to release an additional Rapo & Yo for the PC, which will be on sale April 18. In this adventure game you will play the role of a young boy who is hiding from the harsh reality in his dream world.
The main character Papo & Yo is a companion PC – pink monster. The main task of the game – use this monster to solve story problems were associated with the world game. Monster – quite a nice establishment – but it’s worth it to eat a few frogs, like the monster becomes unmanageable. This allegory symbolizes father Developer Papo & Yo, who was an alcoholic and ruined his childhood. But after years of this tragic event turned into a fascinating game.
Star Trek universe again inspired developers to create even a single game. This time the game Star Trek – it’s action-adventure third-person. The project was conceived as a single user, but with elements of cooperative play. Here we will be playing for the two main characters – Kirk and Spock, each of which has its own unique abilities and battle tactics. So, playing for Kirk, you will act as the hero of the traditional shooter, as Spock makes his mission in stealth-game.
Star Trek events occur in 23 century somewhere in a very distant planets. The developers have promised to add to the game of futuristic weapons and equipment, so that the battle should be really spectacular. Released the game Star Trek scheduled for April 23.
After heroes Dead Island got out of his personal zombie hell, they immediately fall into a new adventure. Game Dead Island: Riptide again narrates the desperate war against the zombies beautiful wild landscapes.
The developers have promised to correct all the mistakes and shortcomings of the first game, and add new levels, weapons and vehicles, so even if Dead Island you do not like, do not dismiss its continuation. The game will be a new character, but so far we do not know his name, and features. Released Dead Island: Riptide is scheduled for April 23 for PC, PS3 and Xbox 360. Dead Island: Riptide – pre-order available.
Dishonored DLC
Along with large and interesting games in April, we will also see a full complement of game Dishonored. “The Knife of Dunwall” will tell of the most powerful killer in the city – Daud, who was the main villain of the game. Daoud will have three new missions, a unique storyline, awesome weapons, and, as usual in the game Dishonored, the total free choice.
Dishonored DLC comes in two parts, the first part and the release is scheduled for April 16.
Tags: gaming, Top 5 Video Games
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Keep Shopping: Why the Wayfair Ruling Won’t Hurt Online Sales
Business Radio
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Wharton's Katja Seim, Columbia's Mark Cohen and UConn's Richard Pomp discuss the Wayfair sales tax ruling.
http://media.blubrry.com/kw/p/d1c25a6gwz7q5e.cloudfront.net/audio/20180622B-KWR-Cohen-Pomp-Seim.mp3
In a move that promises to put billions of dollars back into state coffers, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that online retailers must collect sales taxes even in states where they have no physical presence. The decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair Inc. reverses a 1992 ruling that banned states from forcing e-commerce sites to collect taxes unless the business had a brick-and-mortar establishment within the state.
In the 5-4 opinion, Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decision cost states about $33 billion in lost revenue. While Amazon and other online retailers have been voluntarily charging sales taxes for years, the court’s decision is a game-changer for retailers both online and offline. Physical stores for years have decried the competitive advantage given to online sites that don’t have to collect sales taxes. In a tweet, President Donald Trump praised the change as a victory for consumers and retailers.
The Knowledge@Wharton radio show, which airs on Wharton Business Radio on SiriusXM channel 111, asked several experts to analyze the decision and what it means for online shopping. Katja Seim, business economics and public policy professor at Wharton; Mark Cohen, director of retail studies at Columbia Business School and former CEO of Sears Canada, and Richard Pomp, law professor at the University of Connecticut, discussed the case.
The following are key points from their conversation. (Listen to the full podcast using the player at the top of the page.)
The Court’s Ruling Was ‘Inevitable’
All three experts said they were not surprised by the Supreme Court’s ruling because the online sales tax issue had been bubbling up for years and finally came to a head with the Wayfair case. For states, the collection of sales taxes — whether online or offline — is a matter of fairness, they said.
“Once the Supreme Court agreed to hear the case, it was probably predictable that the Court was going to overturn the physical presence rule,” Pomp said. “Usually, when the Supreme Court decides to hear a case, it is to overturn lower court cases or its own precedent. So, the smart money was betting on this result in Wayfair.”
“The smart money was betting on this result in Wayfair.”–Richard Pomp
Cohen agreed, saying the physical presence rule has become moot as e-commerce has grown massively in the last two decades. The only surprise to him was how the court split, with Chief Justice John Roberts opining that the dispute was legislative and should have been sorted out by Congress.
“This really was, in all respects, an inevitability,” Cohen said. “I doubt this Congress could ever tackle an issue like this, as they have been unable to tackle virtually any kind of an issue lately.”
Seim added, “I wasn’t sure whether that was a legal matter versus policy matter to be resolved in Congress. [As for] the decision itself, I think it’s unclear how big the impact will be, but the fairness aspect to it seems reasonably clear to me.”
Online Sales Won’t See a Slump
The Wayfair decision is unlikely to affect online sales because consumers care about convenience far more than they worry about paying a few dollars more in taxes, the professors said.
“If you’re a macroeconomist, you would have to say, ‘People will buy less merchandise.’ But from a realistic point of view, I don’t think this is going to be noticeable or make any meaningful difference in the performance of the business at large,” Cohen said.
The strength of Amazon is its lack of cyclical sales, which is a pricing scheme that has gotten brick-and-mortar stores in trouble.
Pomp noted that stocks for Wayfair, Etsy, Overstock and other online marketplaces immediately dropped after the ruling was announced. Then the stocks bounced right back. That quick recovery indicates a certain level of confidence in the consistency of consumer behavior.
“My students shop out of convenience,” Pomp said, using his law students as an example. “They’re busy, especially when they become young associates having to bill 2,000 hours a year. It is convenience. Now, they may look for the lowest price, of course, but they’re not going into brick and mortar. They’re all shopping on the internet, sometimes at work, much to the consternation of their employers.”
Smaller Sellers Will Bear the Biggest Burden
While the court’s decision will have little impact on shoppers, it does create some challenges for smaller online vendors that will have to figure out how to calculate, collect and remit sales taxes. The professors said that niche could be filled by tech companies offering analytics and other kinds of assistance to smaller retailers needing to make structural changes to their web platforms.
The ruling also creates some potential administrative headaches for governments. It’s not clear from the opinion whether localities that levy sales taxes can also capture revenue from online sales, or how they would go about doing so.
Amid all the confusion is another looming issue: tariffs and a potential trade war.
“I don’t think this is going to change the direction of the tides with respect to the performance of the retail business,” Cohen said. “Overshadowing that is the specter of this trade war that could emerge and the issue of the imposition of tariffs. I think that may very well take a front seat to this issue in the next six to 12 months.”
Amazon Will Remain Unscathed and Unfazed
Amazon won’t even blink at the court’s decision because the online powerhouse has long collected sales taxes from its customers and has the structure in place to continue doing so. However, many of its third-party vendors that do not charge sales taxes will have to make some adjustments.
The decision is unlikely to affect online sales because consumers care about convenience far more than taxes.
Still, the experts said, there won’t be a shopping slowdown on Amazon.
“About 50% of transactions on Amazon are through third-party sellers, so that’s actually a pretty big share,” Seim said. “They may have to report basically price increases, so there may be a response to them. But I want to go back to the point that when you buy on Amazon, price is not the only thing you are shopping [for]. I think consumers are relatively inelastic, especially on that particular site. So, it’s unclear to me that the impact will be as significant.”
Cohen said the strength of Amazon is its lack of cyclical sales, which is a pricing scheme that has gotten brick-and-mortar stores in trouble. Those stores have trained their customers to wait for sales before buying. Cohen calls that “high/low madness.”
The online shopper’s “focus has shifted to shipping costs, both inbound and return shipping, and shipping policies or return policies,” he said. “The focus of 10 and 15 years ago, which was ruthlessly based upon price, has now moved away from just that. There are some voices out there that suggest that this is going to impact business. I don’t think so.”
Pomp rejects the idea that the ruling will create new barriers to entry for smaller vendors, especially those joining Amazon. The e-commerce giant will figure out ways to help them, he said.
“I think what we will see is that Amazon will start collecting, on behalf of the third-party vendors, the sales tax, and impose a commission for doing so, so that this is really going to create another profit center for Amazon,” Pomp said. “That’s what is most likely to happen.”
"Keep Shopping: Why the Wayfair Ruling Won’t Hurt Online Sales." Knowledge@Wharton. The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 26 June, 2018. Web. 18 July, 2019 <https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/impact-wayfair-ruling/>
Keep Shopping: Why the Wayfair Ruling Won’t Hurt Online Sales. Knowledge@Wharton (2018, June 26). Retrieved from https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/impact-wayfair-ruling/
"Keep Shopping: Why the Wayfair Ruling Won’t Hurt Online Sales" Knowledge@Wharton, June 26, 2018,
accessed July 18, 2019. https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/impact-wayfair-ruling/
Can Retailers Escape the Scourge of Free Shipping?
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Heather Vozella
Time will tell with the way the sales tax is structured & I have also heard that the ruling does not effect online retailers with less than $100K in sales; however, with retailers cutting back on staff & resources, and small businesses not understanding what this ruling means for them (additional staff, understanding the tax code, reporting all sales tax as calculated for each states, additional tracking technologies needed, etc) I am not quite convinced that this ruling will not hurt small online businesses who don’t understand the time & effort that this ruling means for them.
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SAG Awards 2019: ‘Black Panther’ wins big
Posted 11:57 pm, January 27, 2019, by CNN Wires, Updated at 11:58PM, January 27, 2019
The cast of Black Panther (2018) on stage at the 2019 SAG Awards accepting the award for Best Ensemble.
In what has proven to be a highly unpredictable awards season, “Black Panther” gained some major momentum on Sunday night.
The the cast of the superhero mega-hit won for outstanding performance by an ensemble in a motion picture at the 25th Screen Actors Guild Awards.
Star Chadwick Boseman talked about the cultural significance of the film’s success and referenced the Nina Simone song, “To be Young, Gifted and Black.”
“We knew that we had something special, that we could create a world that exemplified a world that we wanted to see,” Boseman said.
Amazon also had a good night.
The cast of the streaming giant’s “The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel” took home three awards, including top performance by an ensemble in a comedy series.
The show’s stars Tony Shalhoub and Rachel Brosnahan won individual awards as well.
SAG Awards: See the full list of winners
“I just want to say that the greatest honor of my life is to be nominated in the same category as Alan Arkin,” Shalhoub said during his speech.
The cast of the NBC tear-jerker “This Is Us” won for top drama performance.
Emily Blunt made husband John Krasinski emotional with her first SAG win for performance by a female actor in a supporting role for “A Quiet Place,” which Krasinski directed.
“The entire experience of doing this with you has completely pierced my heart directly,” Blunt said of working with her husband. “You are a stunning filmmaker. I’m so lucky to be with you and to have done this film with you.
SAG Awards: Best red carpet fashion
Solidifying his frontrunner status for an Oscar next month, Mahershala Ali won for male actor in a supporting role for “Green Book.”
Glenn Close, who thrilled the audience by reuniting on stage to present an award with her “Fatal Attraction” co-star Michael Douglas, won for performance by a female actor in a leading role for the film “The Wife.”
Rami Malek was won for his leading role in “Bohemian Rhapsody.”
Presented in a moving tribute by Tom Hanks, Alan Alda was honored with a lifetime achievement award.
Alda, who last year revealed he has Parkinson’s disease, received a standing ovation.
The legendary performer said the honor “comes at a time when I’ve had a chance to look back at my life and think of what it means to be an actor.”
“It may never have been more urgent to see the world through another person’s eyes than when the culture is divided so sharply,” Alda said. “Actors can help, at least a little, just by doing what we do. And the nice part is it’s fun to do!”
Jason Bateman had some advice for struggling actors in his acceptance speech for outstanding performance by a male actor in a drama series for “Ozark.”
“You’re just one job away, you’re plenty talented and hang in there,” he said.
Sandra Oh won for her leading role in the drama series “Killing Eve.” She thanked several fellow actors of color who gave her encouragement over the years, including Jamie Foxx, Lena Waithe and Alfre Woodard.
At an event in 1997, Woodard, Oh recalled, whispered in her ear, “‘I’m so proud of you out there, we fight the same fight.'”
By Lisa Respers France, CNN
Rip Torn, actor best known for ‘Men in Black’ and ‘The Larry Sanders Show,’ dies at 88
Zac Brown Band has a message for its haters
Banksy designs stab-proof vest for Stormzy ahead of history-making Glastonbury set
Bradley Cooper and Irina Shayk have split, source says
USO of Missouri therapy dog up for ‘Hero Dog’ award
Comedian Ian Cognito dies on stage during his stand-up show
Belleville teacher wins $500 for his positive impact on students
Blues to be honored with ‘Show Me Downtown’ Award
Interviews Tools for Teachers
Cottleville teacher launches preschool in Haiti, wins $500
The ultimate insider’s guide to Disneyland’s Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge
Thousands cheer the US women’s soccer team at a ticker tape parade in New York
Legendary actress and singer Doris Day dead at 97
Stevie Wonder announces he’ll be having kidney surgery in September
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It really was a great movie. Gene Hackman was really amazing and the film-making was superb. As a thriller, I was hooked. As a time capsule, it was interesting to see such professional surveillance in non-governmental entities. And yet, it makes sense that they would exist then and now.
Overall, it’s not really a spy movie. It is a movie with surveillance and paints a nuanced portrait of a surveillance expert and his assignment but it’s really more about the consequences of surveillance. At this point, the NSA had been around for 22 years and they would have very likely heavily recruited Harry Caul as fast as possible. Of course, at this point, the NSA wasn’t technically public knowledge. It’s fortuitous for Coppola that it came out as Watergate did but is ultimately just a coincidence.
You can follow Caul forward in time to Brill in 1998’s Enemy of the State to perhaps inspire conversations about mass surveillance but The Conversation does seem to be more of a Blowup-style thriller less a social commentary.
Wonderfully made though. One of the best films I’ve seen from the 70’s so far.
Not a spy movie though.
Worth watching anyways!
p.s. Young Robert Duvall looks like Will Patton.
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Home / Interviews / Interview with Fuasi Abdul-Khaliq of Black Belt Symphony
Fredrik Lavik
Berlin, Brotherman, Horace Tapscott, Jazzaggression, Los Angeles, Spiritual Jazz
One of the key members of the Black Belt Symphony group was saxophonist Fuasi Abdul-Khaliq, once a Los Angeles native who’s professional career started back in the early seventies with Horace Tapscott and his Pan-Afrikan People’s Arkestra. He now residents in Berlin, we had a chat with him about the group, the tymes and the Brotherman single.
How did the group come to be and when did you first meet Somayah?
I first met Somayah in 1980 when she was sitting in as a guest with the Pan Afrikan Peoples Arkestra at one of our “Last Sunday of the Month” concerts. Horace Tapscott, who was the director of the group and pianist, really enjoyed Somayah’s music and the fact that she was a Autoharp player, which was a rare site to see in an Arkestra. Most of us only saw this instrument in elementary school when the teacher would play it to introduce music and singing to us. She performed one of her signature songs in her repertoire that day, Four Women by Nina Simone. At some point later we hooked up and began playing her compositions together. We called ourselves “The Black Symphony” in reference to the land where all the captured Africans who were brought to the southern U.S. states to work as slaves on the cotton plantations. One thing led to another and she moved in with me with her two children, her daughter Angelina and son Lumumba (RIP). In 1981 we began our involvement with the Malcolm X Center, which was a community center in south central L.A. They held personal defense classes, after school tutoring for children in elementary and middle school, yoga classes, karate classes, West African dance classes and drum classes. We began to perform there for a variety of political lectures and book readings from African-American scholars living in our community. There was a small space attached next to the Malcolm X Center, which was not being used so Somayah asked if we could use it to open up a small café that would have food and drinks for the visitors that would come around to the center. That was the beginning of our joint enterprise she named “The Family Teahouse and Jazz Café”. It was here that Somayah became a producer of healthy survival food (as she called it) for the community. She had never forgotten the need to feed the community as she had when she was in charge of the breakfast program in the 60s for the Black Panther Party’s Los Angeles branch. Now we had a place that I was able to provide live music every day as well as nutritious food for those who could pay something. Black beans and rice was the main dish we served. Later we began serving fruit salads, vegetarian soups, tacos, and vegetarian stews made with tofu and veggies. Of course, there was plenty of herbal tea to go around.
It was around 1982 that we started adding musicians to our duo which eventually grew into the 7 piece “Black Belt Symphony” that recorded the single “Brotherman”. It was in 1986 when we recorded the single but she had written the tunes a couple of years before because we were already performing them at concerts. “Brotherman” was written in 1983 to the response of the U.S. sending an invasion force to Grenade where many of the black sailors and marines refused to leave the ship to fight other black soldiers for the U.S. “Geronimo Pratt” was written around 1980 before we first met. This was in response to the U.S. government wrongly imprisoning Elmer “Geronimo“ Pratt, the deputy defense minister of the Black Panther Party and leader of the L.A. Panther headquarter on false murder charges.
The lyrics of the songs and the message are really strong as well, I know that Somayah was a Vietnam veteran and ex-panther. Did that go for the rest of the band as well?
As Somayah would tell you, “once a Black Panther always a Black Panther.” She never stopped being a Black Panther, which made her a “Freedom Fighter” in mind and spirit for life. I was a member of the Black Panther Party during my time in the university (Whitman College) for one year when the Seattle, Washington branch, recruited me. I had the opportunity to meet Bobby Seal and Huey P. Newton briefly when I was at a BPP convention in Oakland in 1969. I do not believe anyone else in the band was a member of the BPP.
Somayah was a veteran of the Vietnam War era (or the American War as the Vietnamese called it) but not a veteran who fought or served in Vietnam. Most of the band had never been in the armed services. I was drafted to go to Vietnam right out of high school but I refused and filed as a “conscientious objector”. I was also in the university at this time and had a college deferment, which kept me out of the war until I left school. The war was just about over when I graduated and I wasn’t forced to go. The rest of the band was never a member of the armed forces either, I believe, except Akin Davis in some form or another. But I don’t know if he went to Vietnam or not.
How was the single received at the time?
Everyone in the community loved Sister Somayah, as she was fondly called, and her lyrics so when the single came out everyone in the community loved it. The others who were part oft he establishment had reservations about the lyrics and the message that she was singing. We tried to get the record played on a couple of Black owned radio stations but the programming directors has reservations about playing it because they were uncomfortable with the lyrics being played on their playlist. One of the stations was a radio station owned by Stevie wonder (KJLH) and was refused play time for the same reasons. The lyrics, “Brotherman, sent to fight the white man’s war again” were a little too much for the black listeners of the radio station at that time… they presumed.
Somaya and Sabir Mateen
The Aseelah imprint was you and Somaya’s label, nothing else was released, how did you distribute the record?
Unfortunately, we never recorded again after our first single. Money was an issue in those days and after the recording and after losing our Teahouse to a freak tornado in 1983, we were homeless and struggling for a few years trying to get back on our feet again. Somayah, at this time, was getting worst with her bout with sickle Cell anemia. Her crisis was coming more frequent and severe. We mainly distributed and sold our records at our concerts, which we continue to perform over the next 3 years in L.A. before we moved to Atlanta, Georgia. During this time she went to school to study Stenography and I worked in an alarm security company monitoring home security systems.
I want to add that during this last 3 years in L.A., Somayah had the opportunity to meet Nina Simone not far from where we were living at that time. It was a dream come true and she had the opportunity to work and travel with Nina on tour as her assistant and confidant.
Do you still have contact with any of the other musicians playing on the release, Louie “Mbiki” Spears, Akin Davis, Nirankar Sing Khalsa, Eugene Ruffin, Akin Davis, Sekou Ali?
I am still in contact with some of the members of the group. Louie “Mbiki” Spears I’ve known since 1973 when we were playing with Horace Tapscott and the Pan Afrikan Peoples Arkestra. He was already a successful musician playing with some of the great jazz musicians and traveling all over the world at this time. He has styed active up to 3 years ago when he had a massive stroke that finished his career as a premier bass player. This misfortune happened to him directly after we finished our performance at our concert in L.A. It was lucky that we got him to the hospital in time or he would have not made it. We still stay in contact.
Nirankar Khalsa I’ve also known since 1973 where we played together in the Arkestra (ARK). We had performed many times in L.A. together with Somayah as well as in Atlanta after our move. He moved to Madrid, Spain around the same time I moved to Berlin (1992). In the late 1990s and early 2000s he performed with my touring group and me whenever we were in Spain. We still are close.
Eugene Ruffin was also a member of the ARK in the early 70’s and we stayed in touch until his untimely death due to a tragic car accident in 1988.
Akin Davis we met when we first became involved with the Malcolm X Center. He was on one the drum teacher who conducted weekly classes. Unfortunately, he died from complications with Diabetes before the record was released.
Sekou Ali I never saw again after our move to Atlanta.
Tell us a little about the music vibe in LA back in seventies.
The music vibe in L.A. back in the 70’s was a very vibrant scene in my opinion. Everything was on fire and electric. It was still the time oft he social, cultural and political revolution oft he 60’s. The vibe oft he civil rights movement was still part of the fabric oft he city. The jazz scene was aggressive and innovative in the playing and the composing. Boundaries of the past were being continually challenged and the people were always waiting and expecting something new and original. It didn’t matter which genre you were into (RnB, Soul, Jazz, Free, etc), everyone was trying something new.
How is Berlin and Europe today compared to LA back in seventies and 80s?
I believe Berlin has become a musical mecca for a lot of Europeans. It is so diverse with cultures from around the world and so cosmopolitan that you could find almost every type of music and art form from around the planet being performed or being showcase somewhere in Berlin. The city is very vibrant and open almost 24hrs a day. This is the way L.A. was in the 70’s and part of the 80’s but in Berlin, in some cases, the music and art is not as innovative or daring as it was in L.A. because of political reasons. The 70’s in L.A., in particular and in the U.S. in general, was a time of revolution on many levels. The reasons to be different and innovative were for reasons to create a change from the status quo. The reasons to be different and innovative now in Berlin are to get noticed so that someone will discover you to be the next famous superstar. The political, cultural and social reasons do not apply for the need to be innovated today as it did in the 70’s and 80’s in L.A.
What other jazz artists are your most favorite , in any genre.
My most favorite jazz artist are because of their commitment to being different, innovative and excellence on a high artistic level….John Coltrane, Charles Parker, Nina Simone, Ornette Coleman, Duke Ellington, Horace Tapscott, Sun Ra, Miles Davis, Fela Kuti, Curtis Mayfield, Kamau Daooud to only name a few. There are so many more but too many to mention. Of course, Somayah is included in this list.
Visit Fuasi’s own web page here, and if you are in Berlin catch him live!
Brotherman EP single is out on Jazzaggression now, buy it!
Previous post: Paul Mägi Big Band
Next post: Interview with Cynth from the High Risk group
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Jefferson Geiger
Journalist & Critic
John McEuen Talks The Nitty Gritty / July 16, 2016 by Jefferson Geiger
"No, there hasn't been a will made for the band," said John McEuen of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. "When you reach a certain age in life you say 'I guess this will be over sometime so I'll draft up a will,' but so far that hasn't happened with The Dirt Band."
For 50 years, The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band of Long Beach, California has been touring the world and there's no sign of stopping. This weekend marks the third year in a row that they'll be playing at the Rio Grande Scenic Railroad's Mountain Rails Live concert series.
"The train ride is a very unusual, wonderful thing to do. It's like going on a cruise," said McEuen. "It puts the band in front of the people in a unique situation at the top of a mountain. We're looking forward to doing a show that goes back to more of our historical songs. It's neat when you pull an old song out of a hat and it goes over like a great hit."
McEuen first fell in love with bluegrass at the age of 17 when he saw The Dillards perform at Paradox in Orange County, California. "They were fantastic and swept me away." McEuen then picked up a banjo, quit working at Disneyland's Magic Shop and has been performing ever since. "What really drove me to the banjo was the fact that it made people happy."
In 1966 the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band coalesced out of informal jam sessions at McGabe's Guitar Shop in Long Beach, where McEuen happened to be teaching banjo. Though he wasn't a member from the very beginning, McEuen joined the band when Jackson Browne left after five shows to pursue his solo career. "Fifty years later, it seems like just five." McEuen's first show with Nitty Gritty Dirt Band was at Paradox, the same venue he saw The Dillards.
"We had no idea that it would work. Our first review in Billboard said 'This'll never be on record.' Seven months later we had a record on the radio."
The band would go on to make hit songs like "Mr. Bojangles," "Fishin' in the Dark," "Stand a Little Rain," and win multiple Grammys and County Music Awards. In 1977 the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band became the first American group to tour the Soviet Union with 28 sold out shows. Last January they were inducted in the Colorado Music Hall of Fame.
But if there's one thing the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band will be known for, it's the platinum selling "Will the Circle be Unbroken" album released in 1972. The historical 34 tracks, recorded over three records, were unlike anything else produced at the time and would go on two spawn two follow-up albums.
One of the defining aspects of the album is the guest artists like Earl Scruggs, Merle Travis, Maybelle Carter, Jimmy Martin and others. On how he got to work with them, McEuen said, "Jeff [Hanna] and I went to see [Scruggs] performing with his sons and I asked Earl if he would like to record with the Dirt Band. He said he'd be proud to. A week later we saw Doc Watson so I said, 'would you like to record with the Dirt Band and Earl Scruggs?' He said it sounded like a good idea." From there the collaboration snowballed.
Seven weeks after that first 'yes' from Earl, they were all in the recording studio in Nashville and six days later the record was complete. Rather than simply fly to the studio, the band performed 21 concerts on the way there and as soon as they finished they went back on tour.
The album features covers of hymnals and other classic folk songs. McEuen said the band chose those tunes because they "wanted to spotlight the people that influenced [them] greatly and give them to [their] audience." The collaborators also had a say in what tracks got recorded.
"You're in the studio with people you always wanted to meet or play with," said McEuen, "so when Maybelle Carter says 'Well we could do 'Keep on the Sunny Side,' you say 'Okay.'"
The album has been inducted into the Library of Congress's National Recording Registry and the Grammy Hall of Fame.
After "Will the Circle be Unbroken," the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band found international success. Once at a musical festival in Zurich, they were opening for Johnny Cash at the end of the night. Much to McEuen's confusion, every band that played earlier came to the stage to watch. County singer Johnny Russell told them that the crowd has been unresponsive so they all wanted to see if the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band could change that.
"By the end of the night 50,000 people were on their feet," McEuen said. "It was probably one of the best examples of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band pulling a rabbit out of the hat."
In 1986, while he was in midst of getting his divorce, McEuen amicably departed the band. "The band didn't want to do my instrumental music anymore," McEuen said, "because they wanted to make music that will go on the radio. I needed to make my own albums and run my own work schedule so I could raise my kids. A change needed to be made."
After 15 years, the 30 anniversary of "Will the Circle be Unbroken" was approaching so McEuen rejoined the band to produce the remaster. Then they recorded "Will the Circle be Unbroken, Volume III" in 2001 and he's been with them ever since. In that time away from the band McEuen scored multiple films and produced six albums.
When the train ride is over, people will have the opportunity to listen to McEuen's solo work at Wildwood Sounds in Del Norte. His third time at the venue, McEuen said that the intimate setting “is like going back in time." At least one song from his forthcoming album "Made in Brooklyn" will be played at the concert.
His first album the 17 years, "Made in Brooklyn" is in a sense McEuen's own take on "Will the Circle be Unbroken." McEuen said, "The album takes advantage of 50 years of experience on the road with musicians I've worked with and brings us together to make something that hasn't been recorded before."
The album will be released on September 30 and features artists such as David Bromberg, Steve Martin, John Carter Cash and Andy Goessling.
"I'm trying to create a new piece of history that's hard to define."
"Made in Brooklyn" is not the first time McEuen and Steve Martin have worked together. In fact, the two have been friends since high school. According to McEuen, Martin says that McEuen taught him the banjo. "But I was just about a week ahead of him," McEuen said.
The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band also worked with Martin before on his "King Tut" record. Martin saw the band in Los Angeles and went backstage with an idea for the song. "We workshopped it in the dressing room and did a loose version of it that night in front of 2,000 people," said McEuen. "It blew the room away."
The next week they recorded it in Aspen and shortly thereafter Martin performed the song-based skit on "Saturday Night Live."
Performing in a band that's been around for half a century is not without its challenges. McEuen said that you have "to be as good as you'll ever be each time you go on stage. There's no excuse not to. I try to play ‘Mr. Bojangles’ better every night than I ever played it and when Jeff sings it he sounds better every day."
McEuen said it's been a dream to be with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. "I'm really thankful for the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band for taking all of us to situations that we couldn't have predicted and maybe only hoped for."
This interview was originally published in the July 1, 2016 edition of the Valley Courier.
Posted in Interview Tags: John McEuen, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Music
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A 2018 Retrospective
What a year. On one hand, its felt like an eternity. Can you believe that the Olympics and “Black Panther” happened this year? Or that “Brooklyn Nine-Nine” was canceled and resurrected?
Hello from the High Country
If you haven’t followed my social media channels or seen the announcement in two different newspapers, then the following words may come as a shock: I am no longer at the Valley Courier.
By most accounts 2017 was an ever-burning garbage fire. Each whirlwind week felt like a month and the year's worth of news events could rewrite all of "We Didn't Start the Fire," instead of being an additional verse. But it wasn't all bad.
Dec 31, 2018 A 2018 Retrospective Dec 31, 2018
Jun 30, 2018 Hello from the High Country Jun 30, 2018
Apr 30, 2017 New Site, 2016 CPA Awards Apr 30, 2017
Apr 4, 2017 The Case For Utopian Entertainment Apr 4, 2017
Mar 28, 2017 'Samurai Jack’ is Back, Bleak, and Beautiful Mar 28, 2017
Mar 21, 2017 Can You Separate Art From Artists? Mar 21, 2017
Mar 14, 2017 Gaming on the go Mar 14, 2017
Mar 7, 2017 It's Never Just Joking Mar 7, 2017
Feb 28, 2017 Hate-Watching Isn't Worth It Feb 28, 2017
Feb 21, 2017 Analyzing the Super Bowl Protests Feb 21, 2017
Feb 14, 2017 The Greatness of Going Off the Grid Feb 14, 2017
Feb 1, 2017 Obama’s Legacy as the President of Pop Culture Feb 1, 2017
Jan 24, 2017 'Sleepy Hollow' Could Have Been Great Jan 24, 2017
Jan 18, 2017 There's No Theater Like Live Theater Jan 18, 2017
Jan 15, 2017 Rhybax Kitchen Brings Fine Fusion Dining to Alamosa Jan 15, 2017
Jan 10, 2017 The Pod That Launched 100 Casts Jan 10, 2017
Jan 3, 2017 Tattoo shop trying to break the mold Jan 3, 2017
Dec 24, 2016 Holiday Gift Guide 2016 Dec 24, 2016
Dec 6, 2016 Other Than That, How Was The Play Mr. VP? Dec 6, 2016
Nov 29, 2016 Turn On And Tune Out Nov 29, 2016
Nov 22, 2016 Alone, Together Nov 22, 2016
Nov 15, 2016 Black Mirror and The Horror of Forgetting Nov 15, 2016
Nov 10, 2016 New Manager Wants Airport to Soar Nov 10, 2016
Nov 8, 2016 What to Watch This Halloween Nov 8, 2016
Nov 1, 2016 Eight Days of Stress Nov 1, 2016
Oct 25, 2016 The Character of Sound Oct 25, 2016
Oct 18, 2016 Learning To Embrace My House And Patronus Oct 18, 2016
Oct 11, 2016 Turn It Up For The Meltdown Oct 11, 2016
Oct 4, 2016 The Game Changer Oct 4, 2016
Oct 1, 2016 Del Norte Grad Goes Viral Oct 1, 2016
Sep 27, 2016 No Moore Comics Sep 27, 2016
Sep 20, 2016 The D&D Movie Will Be Terrible Sep 20, 2016
Sep 13, 2016 I'm Sorry For My White Tastes In Music Sep 13, 2016
Sep 11, 2016 I Remember Nothing Sep 11, 2016
Sep 10, 2016 Pinstriping Practice Makes Perfect Sep 10, 2016
Sep 6, 2016 Kickstarter is not a store Sep 6, 2016
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Jul 2, 2015 Thoughts on Wander Jul 2, 2015
Jul 1, 2015 Polygon Post Archive Jul 1, 2015
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5 Important Life Lessons From Eve Ensler
There’s a triple-threat… and then there’s Eve Ensler – the playwright, performer, feminist, and activist who wrote The Vagina Monologues, founded V-Day, and created One Billion Rising, a global protest campaign to end violence and promote gender quality and justice for women. And, in case you haven’t heard, she’s coming to speak on campus this week (at a pretty convenient time when student protests and rallies are happening left and right). We asked Ensler about what advice she wants to impart to us college twenty-somethings about some topics — see her responses below, and go see her yourself at “In the Body of Justice” on Wednesday, Oct.15, at 7:30 p.m. in Hendricks Chapel.
Education: "I was very determined when I was younger. I thought I knew what I needed to study because I had very specific concerns. So I had a kind of restricted curriculum for myself that I felt was best, and that related to studying things like literature and women’s studies — and all of that was fantastic. But, I didn’t know then what I know now, like how important, for example, history would be, or how important something like physics would be. I took philosophy courses, but I wish I had taken more of them. I think I wish, looking back, that I had broadened my knowledge, and that I had a deeper, broader knowledge of a lot of different areas. Now, I see how much of what I don’t know and how what I’m catching up on informs everything I’m doing. I think sometimes when we’re younger we think, well this is what we want to learn about. And we go, I want to learn this because this I what I’m interested in. But, interests, at one point on our lives, they change. And I think when in school you have such an opportunity to get a broader base of knowledge, which I think is very, very important."
Career path: "I have my own particular perspective on career path, because I don’t even know what that is. I think what’s more important than career path is educating yourself. When I was going to college, we weren’t grooming ourselves for careers. We actually knew we had four years to expand our minds, and learn, and ask questions, and investigate, and try out resistance, and protest, and expand who we were. And I think so much of what corporate capitalism does is it teaches everyone that it’s about the “do,” as opposed to about the experience, or the critical thinking, or the investigation, or expanding the consciousness of your soul. And I think this emphasis on the career path is actually something I find kind of tragic. I think it flocks everybody into what they will be taking, and money, and what they will be doing, as opposed to taking the four years — which won’t ever come again — to really think, to really investigate, to really explore, to dream, and to read without worry of who you’re going to be in the marketplace."
Activism: "My college years were the years where my activism was born. For me, being an activist has been the core of my life, so I don’t think there’s anything more important than being an activist. I think it’s critical that authority is challenged, and that when people feel there is injustice, or when there is sexism, or racism, or homophobia, that people challenge that. And I think there’s no better time to be doing that than in college, because it’s the training ground for the rest of your life. I started organizations at college, I started a coffee house, and I spent most of my years protesting when I was in college. I went to a rather conservative college, but in the long run it was actually very good for me because it trained me and developed those muscles of resistance, and those muscles of challenging authority, and those muscles of not going along with the status quo when I knew inherently there was something wrong with the status quo."
Politics/worldview: "One of the things that One Billion Rising and V-Day have been doing for years is looking at building a global movement around the world, and finding the points of commonality and the points of solidarity where we can rise for the world together. And I think it always makes a movement so much stronger, like the first year of One Billion Rising when 207 countries with millions of people were involved — it strengthens everyone’s movements, their grassroots movements, in every country. I think it’s really important that America, where 75 percent of the people don’t even have a passport, and where there’s no international news, and there’s no understanding of our role in the world and the impact we’re having in the world, it’s critical that people educate themselves about what the U.S. is doing in the world, and also how we make connections and we are in solidarity with people struggling across the planet. I think college is the perfect time to be educating yourself, and also building those movements with other students around the world."
Violence: "I was a budding feminist and coming into my feminist self when I was in college, and I certainly understood from my own life experiences that violence had been a critical destabilizer and disruptor of my own life. I think that all forms of violence that we experience — whether they be physical violence, or sexual violence, or gendered violence, or racial violence, or economic violence, or environmental violence, or colonialist violence — these are the things that we are wrestling with in the world right now. And I think for me, focusing on violence against women has been a lens through which I have seen the world, but I have also come to understand being in the struggle for so many years that you can’t look at violence against women without looking at economic injustice, or without looking at racial injustice, or without looking at gender injustice. And I think one of the things we all have to be doing is building a much more intersectional vision of the world, and really looking at how we bring our movements and weave our movements together.
So, for example, at the Climate March a few weeks ago, One Billion Rising had a huge contingent, because we know that climate injustice is having a deadly impact on women around the world. Whether it’s the global south, where typhoons and flooding and storms are desecrating the population and where women are devastated economically, and where, for example, once there are these terrible storms, women are in blackouts where we know that sexual violence increases. Or, for example, we’re working now with restaurant workers and domestic workers who are being sexually harassed on the job as waitresses and where they’re making below minimum wage, but they have no power, and they have no money, and they no ability or unions or ways to fight for themselves, so the sexual harassment is prevalent on the job and they can’t fight against it, and they can’t stop it from happening.
I’ve always dreamed of a V party — a party that is for the elimination of all forms of violence, and building that party in a way where we link all those issues together. And I think, right now, looking at the fact that 300,000 women will be assaulted on college campuses — that’s insane. What’s that doing to girls and young women who are trying to get an education? It’s making them terrified, it’s making them lose confidence, it’s making them afraid. We look at the girl at Columbia University who’s carrying a 50 lb. mattress to all her classes, and we’re encouraging girls to come forward and press charges who were raped by someone who isn’t even being held accountable – that is devastating to young women and that is devastating to their ability to learn, their ability to grow, and their ability to feel like the world belongs to them. So I can’t think of anything more important than fighting, particularly, against violence against women."
CultureLaura Cohen October 13, 2014 Comment
California Says Yes Means Yes
CultureCaroline Cakebread October 14, 2014
10 Things We Saw and Heard During Guys Rush
CultureHaley Schluter October 13, 2014
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100th Trip to the Holy Land Tells the Story of Israel
By Eric Narrow | June 20, 2019
“On my first trip to Israel, the furthest south we got to was Be’er Sheva, and when you disembarked the plane, you received food coupons because everything was rationed at the time,” reminisced Bob Levine of Teaneck, New Jersey, as he gazed across the colorful expanse of the Ramon Crater, located deep in the Negev desert. Seated at a lookout area along the crater’s edge in Mitzpe Ramon, Bob was marking a milestone—his 100th trip to Israel. “We were flying past Arad, and I remember looking out the window and seeing only desert,” Bob said, recalling his first trip to Israel in 1951, adding how over the years the country has undergone some miraculous changes. “It’s all green now. I just can’t believe it.”
For Bob and his wife, Helen, the ongoing growth and development of Israel is personal. Their lives are intertwined with their significant role in Jewish National Fund (JNF-USA) and its work in creating a better future for the land and people of Israel. This past May, the Levines traveled to Israel on the President’s Society Mission, a special trip for JNF-USA President’s Society major donors committed to the ongoing task of investing and building the future of Israel. Bob and Helen beamed as they presented their newest contribution to Israel’s frontier—a brand-new firetruck for the recently renovated Mitzpe Ramon fire station. Having spent a lot of time in Israel, Bob can easily recount the many changes he has witnessed, and how Jewish National Fund has played an integral role in the nation that Israel has become.
“One has to decide early in life if they are there for the larger global community, and if they want to contribute toward making the world a better place. Jewish National Fund was the vehicle we chose and it has given us the ability to express our appreciation for what we have,” said Bob. Surrounded by those who have benefited from his partnership over the years, including Mitzpe Ramon Mayor Roni Merom, Israel Fire Chief Shmulik Friedman, dozens of regional firefighters and, of course, his JNF family, emotions ran high as mission participants watched Bob continue his personal mission to do whatever he can for the Jewish homeland.
The Levines’ investment in Mitzpe Ramon also extends past their philanthropic connection and now includes a newborn great-grandniece, who will grow up in the thriving community. While JNF-USA’s iconic tree planting has long been the symbol of growth in the Negev, it can be also said that Bob and Helen’s family are planting the seeds for the next generation, who will bring the Negev into the future.
Speaking at the firehouse dedication, Mayor Merom echoed Bob’s deep and lasting connection to Israel. “The word ‘partnership’ is the best way to describe our relationship with Bob, Helen and Jewish National Fund-USA,” said Merom. “Mitzpe Ramon would not be able to move forward the way that we have without the full support of JNF and our American partners, in terms of community, tourism and business development.”
With 100 trips to Israel now logged, Bob Levine’s story is one that truly defines the American-Jewish connection to the land and people of Israel. While still a small country, seven decades of building the Jewish homeland have taught Bob one important lesson: “We’ve planted forests, built the roads to the north and the south, and created communities for people to call home. Our work goes on because there is still so much to do.”
By Eric Narrow
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Mark Mascia: Building A Billion Dollar Real Estate Empire
Welcome to the Join Up Dots business coaching podcast with Mark Mascia
Introducing Mark Mascia
Today’s guest joining us on the Join Up Dots podcast interview has over 17 years of real estate investment experience and a career portfolio valued at over $1.5 billion.
He founded Mascia Development LLC in 2006 and is now the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman.
Prior to becoming a successful entrepreneur for the past 12 years, Mark oversaw a $500,000,000, 26-story development in Manhattan while he worked for Archstone, a former Fortune 500, publicly traded real estate company.
From early on, Mark has been working closely with some of the country’s wealthiest families and continues to do so today with his own company.
How The Dots Joined Up For Mark Mascia
Having two Masters degrees from New York University and George Washington University, Mark is an adjunct professor at NYU’s Institute of Real Estate
He has also started his own charity, Invenium Inc., that works tirelessly to provide educational pathways and medical support all over the world.
Mark has exceptional talent at conveying concise and meaningful messages to any audience, a skill he partly contributes to learning from his hero, Warren Buffett.
He has been studying Warren for most of his life and truly believes in being transparent, honest, and ethical in order to bring his investors the best results.
Alongside his ever-growing success in both real estate investing and education, Mark has been featured in many prominent industry publications and has been a guest on several panels and podcasts.
So is his success built around knowing the subject better than most, or being in a market which is needed more than most?
And how do you tackle so many things without leaving yourself burnout and exhausted by the effort?
Well lets find out as we bring onto the show to start joining up dots with the one and only Mr Mark Mascia.
During the show we discussed such weighty subjects with Mark Mascia such as:
How the subprime market caused the world to suffer, and why Mark managed to squeeze past unhurt.
We discuss why the world is waiting to be an entrepreneurial success, without doing the simple things first.
Why it is so important to never stop learning in your life no matter where you get in your development .
Mark shares his passion for helping new entrepreneurs and real estate experts to get their portfolios of the ground.
How To Connect With Mark Mascia
Return To The Top Of Mark Mascia
If you enjoyed this episode of Join Up Dots then why not listen to some of our favourite podcast episodes such as Niall Doherty, Lolly Daskal or the amazing Alfie Best
Or if you prefer just pop over to our podcast archive for thousands of amazing episodes to choose from.
Audio Transcription Of Mark Mascia Interview
Intro [0:00]
When we’re young, we have an amazing positive outlook about how great life is going to be. But somewhere along the line we forget to dream and end up settling. Join Up Dots features amazing people who refuse to give up and chose to go after their dreams. This is your blueprint for greatness. So here’s your host live from the back of his garden in the UK, David Ralph.
David Ralph [0:25]
Yes, good morning, Jia. Good morning. And thank you for being here on another episode of the Join Up Dots motivation or podcast interview, originally inspired by the words of Steve Jobs back in the day. And of course, we hear from Steve later, but he’s got his own vibe. And that vibe is bringing listeners from across the globe. So thank you so much for being here, wherever you are. Well, thank you so much as well to today’s guest because he is a guest joining us on the Join Up Dots podcast interview, who has over 17 years of real estate investment experience and a career portfolio valued at over one point 5 billion Yes, hold back ladies. 1.5 billion. Now he founded mass yet development in 2006. And he’s now the chief executive officer and chairman. Now prior to becoming a successful entrepreneur for the past 12 years, he oversaw a 500,000,026 story development in Manhattan. While he worked for art stone, a former fortune 500 publicly traded real estate company. Now from early on, he’s been working closely with some of the country’s wealthiest families, and continues to do so today with his own company, having two masters degrees from New York University and George Washington University. He is also an adjunct professor at NYU Institute of real estate. He’s also started his own charity in venom, but works tirelessly to provide educational pathways and medical support all over the world. He has exceptional talent at conveying concise and meaningful messages to any audience. I think he’s pretty emotional team told me that I skill he partly contributes to learning from his hero, Warren Buffett. And he’s been studying Warren for most of his life and truly believes in being transparent, honest, and ethical in order to bring his investors the best results alongside his ever growing success in both real estate investing and education. He’s been featured in many prominent industry publications, and has been a guest on several panels, and of course, podcast. So easy success built around knowing this subject better than most, or being in a market, which is needed more than most. That’s a good question. And how do you tackle so many things without leaving yourself burnt out and exhausted by the EPA? Well, let’s find out as we bring them to the show to start joining up. With the one and only Mr. Mark Messier. Good morning, Mark. How are you sir?
Mark Mascia [2:50]
I’m excellent. David, thank you very much for having me.
It’s good to have you here. Because we need somebody who’s got 1.5 billion in his pocket? Can Can you can you lend us a few pounds? Can you can you? Can you
be clear that it’s not all my money? That was other people’s money that we use? So yes, unfortunately, I can’t lend you a billion yet.
I’m always fascinated with people who get into real estate. Does it become a bit like monopoly for you? Does it? Is it that kind of it’s not your money, you’re just the bank, and you’re putting a property here and a property there? Is it like real life monopoly?
It can be I mean, for some of our families that we work with, we’ve acquired a ton of property on like a single street or in a single city, or state. So in some cases, it can feel like that. But yeah, because we’re using other people’s money. It’s, it doesn’t feel like I’m winning the game of Monopoly, it feels like we’re winning it for our customers.
What about when you’re not winning? Mark? What What does it like to win?
Yeah, well, you know, in the I started the company in 2006, and 2008 910, are very much felt like not winning, you know, we raised 10s of millions of dollars and had to give it all back lost, you know, 30 to $100,000 of our own money in that timeframe in terms of just legal costs and things like that, and luckily never lost $1 of investor money and had to turn back the keys steady project or never reneged on our mortgage. So we’ve been really fortunate in those circumstances, but certainly have had our fair shares and knocks on the head, as far as you know, pursuing projects that didn’t work out or getting left at the altar at the final day of closing with a seller that, you know, turns totally crazy or something like that. So definitely, not all just straight up hill, for sure.
Now, I only bought two houses in my time, but the first house I bought, the seller went crazy. And when we got around there, he wouldn’t leave. And we actually had to get the police round, because I had bought a property, it was my property and he wouldn’t leave. And he was sitting there with his budgerigar in a cage in his dressing gown. And yeah, he wouldn’t leave. Now, away from that on less than a personal note. What fascinated me with your story. And you’ve already alluded to it was a course back in the day, we had the sort of the subprime market crash, where people basically brought the market to its knees, and it happened almost overnight. Now, for somebody that was in that, was it something that you fall at a time? This is the world’s worst being? Oh, my God? Or was there a glimmer of actually, we can learn from this?
Yeah, I mean, so again, we were really lucky in 2000 678 timeframe that we hadn’t purchased a ton of ton of stuff. So we didn’t have, you know, we had just been getting our start. So we had bought some things and had done some things. But for the most part, they were planning to be long term ownership. Anyway, so wasn’t something we were looking to trade at that time. And so nothing got worked out and kind of problems at that at that time, which was a real huge benefit. I think the world would have felt very differently to me, had I done, you know, hundreds of millions of dollars of transactions before 2008. So for us, yeah, as you alluded to David, it felt a lot like opportunity. There was a lot of learning and, you know, things that we could see that hadn’t happened before or hadn’t happened in the same way before and felt like more more positive to come out of it the negative just because we weren’t, you know, sitting of top huge real estate empire that was crumbling underneath us at that time.
Well, with everything this this is what always, it doesn’t surprise me because I know if you’re involved in it, it must be the world’s worst thing. But I’d never discovered anything that couldn’t ultimately be rebuilt. And when you got that business, I say your network is your net, your network? Is your net worth people that saw it all disappear overnight. Wasn’t it just as a case of cleansing, and then rebuild in a more structured way? Isn’t isn’t always a positive in it?
Yeah, I mean, easy for the thing is we didn’t lose hundreds of
babies.
Right. But no, I generally 100% agree with you, I think, you know, especially as you’ve gone through it once. And I think this is what we’ve seen with our own company. You know, when I first started the company, it felt like, all I wanted to do is protected every single possible way from people trying to steal it from me or bankrupt it or do terrible things to me. And then as I realized over time, it’s less less That and more like, I’ve learned a skill set that no one can ever take away. So yeah, this whole company can crumble around me from some terrible thing happening or some terrible market condition. And obviously, I work to still defend that. But it’s not the only thing that I focus on anymore, I’m more focused on the growth and the learning because that’s, that’s something that can never be never be taken away, like you’re alluded to. And then the same with the network. I mean, I think that’s, that’s also part of it, the relationships we’ve built, you know, the investor relationships, and the network, community relationships, you know, those are always there, whatever happens as long as you, you know, maintain your credibility and, you know, be a good person and things like that.
Now, this is obviously an entrepreneurial show, where we’re trying to inspire the world to take control of their own future. And I read the other day, but in the next 10 years, 62% of the jobs in America will be at risk, either by automation, or they’re just not required anymore. And we’ve seen that time and time again, I I bought an Amazon Echo from my dad, who’s 81. And all he could say was, you realize you’re killing the radio industry. Bye, bye. And I said to him, but it’s gonna happen we had Betamax we moved to VHS, it went to LaserDisc. Then, you know, DVDs. When was the last time you bought a DVD never happens, you just sort of stream also move through? dg, when you look at that, you wonder with those staggering figures of 62%? Why there’s not more people racing home every night to start their own sort of coffee table industry?
Yeah, I mean, I think after being an entrepreneur for, you know, 13 years, and so and seeing lots of ups and downs, and having a lot of successes, but also having a lot of, you know, traffic challenges through the years, I definitely firmly believe it’s not for everyone. So I get why not everyone’s racing on doing it. I do wonder sometimes those who have a lot of interest and are sort of on the fences and wondering and waiting, you know, what, what it is they’re waiting for, if it’s true, like they have to lose their job and be part of those large percentages you mentioned of being kind of like, no longer needed? If that’s the final turning point, or what or listening to the shows like this and getting motivated. Hopefully, that would, that would be a much more positive way to do it. Starting on a good note like that. But yeah, it is. It’s interesting. I mean, I’ve seen I’ve also seen, you know, in 2008. And other thing that was kind of interesting that happened was everyone became unemployed all at once. Yeah, at least in my industry, and everyone started their own business, right. And what you found was starting your own business at that time really was a euphemism for unemployed, there wasn’t a lot of people that were motivated to start their own business, they were just like, well, I gotta put something on my resume that I’m not just sitting around. And so they would do that. And, you know, the ones who were really into it and motivated and wanted to actually be an entre or like myself and a handful my friends and things, it did really well in lasted. But the vast majority of the people I know, at that time that started their business, you know, went back to being an employee as soon as the job was available. And again, it’s not a pejorative, I’m not saying that being an employee is a bad thing or whatever. It’s not It’s not that at all, it’s I just think certain people are, you know, much more suited for it than others is my personal opinion. So what they got then what
David Ralph [10:23]
super talent has mark and he’s he’s gang of the may have an image of you. I don’t know why of The Goonies remember The Goonies. And of course, I love it. Yeah, I just imagined you and your mate cycling around on your bikes and having a great time. Obviously, you were a lot older than that. But what what talents did mark and his mates have to make a success?
Mark Mascia [10:45]
I think it’s, well, I think never, never stop learning. I think it’s part of it. I mean, most of the people that I knew were through NYU, real estate master’s degree. And so they had obviously pursued additional education. And I think they listen to podcasts, read books, do all the kind of things that you know, constant, improve yourself, whether you’re learning, you know, a little something simple, that changes your life in a big way, or you’re constantly hearing the same thing over and over again, until it finally sticks. I think a lot of it is definitely geared towards just never ending improvement and just kind of learning always, but also learning and changing from those experiences not expecting the same outcome from doing the same error, not expecting a different outcome for doing the same things over and over again, I think, you know, a lot of what I’ve learned is just kind of like, mental toughness to be like, kicked in the face 100 times and not give up and go to the next thing and try another thing. Because, you know, it’s easy to stand in a position of having come out the other side of terrible situations and be like, Oh, yeah, you know, like, I’m pretty good at this. But it’s not so easy. When you’re going through. Every time something happens, I still feel like I’m, you know, back to the very beginning and have no idea what I’m doing. And it’s terrible. So you have to have to have that willingness to kind of put up with the punishment, because it is worth it in the long run. But at the time, and it definitely doesn’t always feel like it,
I have had times I’ve had more than just times, it’s been quite a constant, where, from the outside, it’s hugely successful what I’ve created, but inside, it just felt like I was just making up as I go along. I, you know, I would walk up to my office, I would turn the computer on and be what should I do today, and a lot of it didn’t go anywhere, it was just kind of wasted months and years of doing stuff. It’s like that ice sculpture, isn’t it, where you get that block of ice and you chip away, chip away, and then suddenly you think that’s what it is. And then you can start speeding up at the beginning is all about sort of chipping away to find, find what you should be doing, do you think?
Yeah, hundred percent. And I also think, you know, due to your illusion of The Goonies, which I love, you know, it wasn’t quite as formal as that group where we got together every day, but I do think having a group of people, you know, whether you call it a network, or mastermind, or whatever you want to call it helps a lot, because going through something, you know, it’s like friends of mine that were in the military, you know, they meet up with a bunch of military buddies, and they explained it to me as like, you know, something I could never understand having not been in the military, that they just have this kind of connection and bond and shared experience, you know, with people that were not in the military civilians. And I feel the same way about the entrepreneurs. I mean, obviously, I’m not quitting and saying it’s as hard as serving in the military, I didn’t mean it in that way. But just sort of a similar thing, where it’s like, you know, when I talked to my friends who work really hard, and they’re CEOs of companies that they didn’t build, it’s just always a very different experience than someone who had to start from nothing and built up everything from scratch. You know, to your point about just starting lots of things and having them never go anywhere, and not knowing exactly what you’re doing, especially early on. I mean, it’s like, you’re like, there’s no book, even if you read millions of entrepreneurial books, there’s still no book this is this is how you’re going to run your businesses how your business is going to be successful. And that can be really, you know, off putting to a lot of people.
And this shouldn’t be a book, this is the key thing. You know, whatever I’ve done, one translate to you, you’ve almost got to read it with your own filter on top having you know, I read a book a week, really, there’s always some kind of business book. And I would say, most business books, just keep on buying the same thing. Anything. Okay, you could have done this in five pages, but they do it in about about 100 pages. But there’s one core message and the one that I mean, at the moment, I’d be interested with your point of view, Mark, and I’ve spoken about this on numerous podcast episodes, but I’m reading this book called company of one where a guy basically queries wherever growth is required in businesses to a certain point, we seem to be going after growth and bigger numbers, like it’s what we all need. But there’s a point when you go, actually, I’m away. Actually, I don’t want any more stuff. Actually, I don’t want bigger offices. I’m just Okay. Do you understand these points of view in your own business? Are you all out for having Mark Messier faces on every building a well?
No, no, I agree. There’s a balance. I mean, I think it’s true of all sort of consumerism as you know, a global community we’re all kind of rediscovering and re deciding You know, it used to be more and more and more and more things more bigger house all the kind of things and it starts to realizing some of those countries that have all that wealth have some of the least happy people as far as the surveys are concerned and I think that’s it’s true of my own life. You know, when I was younger, I was like, Oh, I want a Ferrari and I want all these like I want a helicopter and all these crazy things. And then as you grow up you start to realize like do I really want that like what a helicopter actually make me happy right now and the answer is now clearly definitely not even though it would would if you
have all the traffic and you just want a helicopter has to be the ultimate and then
right right and then it but then the problem is you get that and then you want something else so it’s it’s
mainly greedy just stick stick with the helicopter and then just looked at would you spit out of it as you as you fly?
It was never a better than other people think it was more
but you always have to spit when you own something high. No matter where you are. You look over a building you have to spit and what it goes down
Don’t you always that just me I’m more I’m more a penny guy more throw Penny off kind of guy.
It would kill someone mark off the top of the building you you that’s manslaughter. You’re, you’re going down late you really are really some words now and then we’re going to come back to mark Messier. And delve more into Are you actually create a real estate Empire. Here’s Rocky,
Rocky Balboa [16:34]
you, me a nobody got a hit as hard as life. But it ain’t about how hard you hit. It’s about how hard you can get hit. And keep moving forward. How much you can take it keep moving forward. That’s how winning is done.
Now I deliberately playback because that seems to be relevant to what you went through back in sort of 2000 678 and stuff where it was must have been just punches over time. Were you surprised? Were you surprised? Number one, how much you could take? and other things that we can all do to dodge those punches? Or is it just a case of we’ve just got to take them?
Yeah, no, I mean, definitely, you know, students of history, at least in my field, you know, do better. Because the cyclicality, and I think it’s true of the cyclicality of all life, you know, growth and things like that, you know, hit plateaus, and you bust through to the next level and so on. But certainly true of the real estate industry. I mean, it’s very clearly cyclical. And so by setting history, you can avoid a lot of the you know, heartache, you can’t exactly time it, you can’t exactly be perfect, but you can certainly, you know, at least plan ahead a little bit better than just being totally blindsided. So I definitely think that’s part of it, you know, studying studying the past. But yeah, in general, like the problems that I’ve seen have always been the ones that I didn’t foresee, right. So it’s always been the ones that come blindside you on a random Tuesday that have been the hardest to deal with, you know, the the death of a major and, or the, you know, a deal that you thought was a no brainer, easy turned out to be a complete disaster, for reasons you didn’t foresee, like a tenant going bankrupt, that was super financially strong or whatever. And, you know, maybe people smarter people, more clairvoyant people than me could have avoided those. But I feel like, you know, I’ve kind of given up trying to predict the future and the timing of the markets, and just more buttressing our defenses to kind of deal with the challenges as they come up. And, you know, keep our creative hats on and instill in our staff and myself just trying to be as creative as possible to solve a problem and not just, you know, be like, Oh, this is this is all going to be terrible. And this is the only solution. So let’s go forward. I mean, you know, to the extent possible, always be trying to think of new creative ways to kind of solve the same issue and do something different to have a better outcome.
Now, one of the things you’ve done, and you kind of alluded it to, they’re not trying to guess the market is study the skills of Warren Buffett. And for anybody who has looked at Warren, he doesn’t do a lot of work. First of all, he sort of sits around and he pretty much just goes on for key strategies, I seem to remember, it was a very, very simple way of investing. And he certainly doesn’t try to spread himself to Finley. Was that kind of strategy that made you realize that actually people overcomplicate stuff?
Yeah, I mean, you know, I’m obviously guilty of it still, to this day. I mean, as much as I study and obsess and revere him, I’m obviously nowhere near as like him in any way that I’d want to be. So I always constantly striving for that, but, but yeah, 100%. I mean, I didn’t discover Warren until much later in my entrepreneurial career. And once I did, it kind of light bulb went off in my head, that there was just a lot of strength and power in that simplicity, and a lot of strength and power in kind of staying in your own lane and only doing things that actually, you know, are going to make sense and work and not just trying to stab it everything. And truly the other thing that that’s been the most helpful for me is his, his kind of mental fortitude, and just his ability to say, you know what, I’m not going to get obsessed with this new shiny object, I’m not going to listen to market sentiment that’s telling me something that I know to be wrong, just because everyone’s doing it, I’m not going to do it, stuff like that, that, you know, his his core to what he who he is, as a person and what he’s done really successfully. And kind of counter to the entire market. I mean, listening to any of those talking heads on the investing TV shows and stuff, you execute hundreds of transactions a day, and he may do 100 in a decade. So you’re talking about a very different, you know, strategy for investing. And historically, one’s worked really, really well and others have tended not to work so well. So you start to try to model and kind of mimic what what those who’ve done well have done and to the best of your ability, try to repeat it.
Now he’s obviously got a mate, a buddy, as you say over there called Charlie Munger. And I have no idea what Charlie Munger actually brings to the table. But he’s done very well for himself financially. Do you need somebody like that? No matter how good you are, there’s somebody always need a Charlie mango, can can people do these kind of huge success on their own? Do you think?
I mean, I think yes, it depends on the type of person I personally, I think, if I’m not around, working with other people, and kind of collaborating and growing more, I’m not gonna say I wouldn’t be successful, but I definitely wouldn’t be as successful as I am. Or as successful as I will be. Because of being around those people, I think, you know, the one in one plus one plus one equals three or more is is very true, if you find the right good person, obviously, one plus one can equal minus three, two, if you get the wrong person, but I think it’s something that I wish I had discovered earlier on, was kind of the power of your true partners, true people you value and can share shared experiences with and things and grow from and mentorship, all that, you know, has been amazingly helpful to my own career. And, you know, I would kind of suggest others is a way that that can be really powerful and helpful. Because it can really, I mean, it can streamline learning as well, I mean, the shared experience of the two of you can propel you significantly further and farther, faster, rather than than you would be able to get you in your own. And that’s definitely true. My own personal experience.
I’ve seen so many people mark, and I’m putting my hand up here, when I started off my first online business, I didn’t know what I was doing. So I felt I needed a partner. And looking back on it, I didn’t choose partners that far ahead. So if you were kind of making it up as I went, I didn’t quite believe in myself enough to think that I could figure it out. So I needed that support. Now, for people out there, it’s all like for us to say Yeah, get somebody you know, get somebody to support your strengths and, and build up that network. But it’s a kind of mind mindset switch you’ve got to switch on, but you think you could reach out to the masses of the world and actually find some value that you can provide to build up that relationship, isn’t it?
Yeah, no, I mean, I think that’s true, the imposter syndrome, or whatever you want to call it that. I mean, I had, most people have, you know, you overcome it in different ways. I use education as a kind of like to overcome that. And also, just experientially, I always, always looking for a bigger and better company to work for a better project. So that, you know, I could kind of build the resume. And I felt good about that, you know, some of other people, you know, bootstrap it, and just kind of like, do it. And the more they do it, the more confident that gets. So there’s there’s different ways of getting there. But I agree, I mean, ultimately, it’s really just allowing yourself to feel the feelings of, you know, of success, or that you’re worthy of those, those next steps. And, you know, that’s easier said than done. In most cases, I think it it’s much more of a psychological battle than anything else, right. It’s a lot, a lot of, you know, kind of mental training to get you to the point of feeling like, you know, the next step is, is is within your grasp. And it truly is it just you have to feel ready for it.
Yeah, absolutely. I agree with you totally, I think the inner game, as I say, is far more difficult to win. But the outer game, you know, I’m now sitting here thinking, I want a helicopter, you’ve now swung. And I think I don’t want to look in anyone’s tower lights, I want to just form a past them and land where I won. But to be able to get to bear that’s that’s a big jump. And I think that we do hold ourselves back down way over time. We think it’s okay for him. It’s okay for them. But they both started at the same point, or more often than not they have.
Right, right. Yeah. And I think, you know, I think the comparative to others is also a big challenge that I mean that keeping up with the Joneses, or whatever phrase you want to use, you don’t know other people’s situation truly, like you don’t know where they came from, or how or why or what they have. And a lot of times it’s a big facade. I mean, I talked to a lot of entrepreneurs out in the public, and they say, Oh, my God, my business is amazing. And everything’s perfect. And the world’s going great. And you’re like, Oh, god, I’m an idiot, I’m, I’m failing all over the place, I can’t believe this person’s having such success. And you know, I don’t ever wish them ill, it just makes me feel terrible about myself. And so, you know, what I started realizing was after I joined a couple organizations, where there’s a lot more honesty and transparency around entrepreneurial, you know, information when it was kind of a more closed door session, and they didn’t have to worry about, you know, what their customers were going to think if they shared to openly, you found out that everybody’s kind of in the same boat, even companies that you would view as the pinnacle of success, at least for me, you’d hear their their entrepreneurial heads sing the same kind of things, you know, like, Oh, I don’t know what the heck I’m doing in this place, or that place. And, and I’d be like, Oh, I actually have that one figured out, I have all these other things not figured out at all, but like that one. And so the fact that he’s having that trouble, or she’s having that trouble, it actually makes me feel better about myself, because I’m like, okay, we’re all in the same kind of world. It’s not like I’m, you know, at a 1%. And you guys are all operating at 99%. So, I think the honesty and transparency and that’s why I like shows like this and others where you get guests on that kind of try, at least in my experience, try to be a little more real than they do and kind of cocktail parties or whatever they’re trying to Yeah, puff smoke, you know, I think it’s a lot better to hear. Because it’s really difficult to see, I mean, a lot of people you see you driving fancy cars have fancy houses actually have a zero net worth or negative net worth. And, and so it’s hard to, it’s hard to see that and be like, why don’t I have that, how come I can’t get this, you don’t know what they really have, and it’s really doesn’t matter, right? It’s the same thing as the helicopter, like, really think about what makes you happy and go after those things, because everybody’s different. And if it is a helicopter, get a helicopter, right. But like for me, it was much more about interpersonal relationships, you know, both with our investors developing long term good solid relationships, and with my friends and family and things like that, like I value those things more now than then money and, you know, I still really value money, I want to be successful, I want to have nice things, but it’s it’s much a little lower on my list of priorities. And and then it is to kind of, you know, same with investor returns, like when we started the company, we just constantly promoted the highest possible returns the highest possible returns. But that wasn’t always what our investors wanted. A lot of our family offices want wealth preservation, they don’t want the highest returns, because a lot of times I’m at the highest risk, and they want to lose money more than they want to gain money, they have enough money. And so I think it was now the same with my own personal life, it’s much more about like, what are aligned with my goals and desires. You know, if I, if I want to make the most amount of money, I may have to work, you know, 200 hours a day or whatever, right? And just never seen my family and never develop those relationships. That wouldn’t feel like Success to me, right? And that’s not a cop out. And that’s not saying you’re bad. If you want those things. It’s just that’s my own personal definition of success now,
no, I agree with you totally. And one of the things I was very focused on when I started Join Up Dots is that it was going to be 100% honesty. So I’ve always shared what was going through at that time. And funnily enough, I look back at my archives the other day, and I was going through, and I can see titles, but actually are indication, and they’re like, flags, polls really have really bad points of my life. And I was looking at one where it was saying, you know, I feel so stupid today. And there was another one that said, I’m so exhausted by running this business, but that’s okay. And I look back on it. And I can see myself working towards burnout, I can see myself hitting burnout, I can come out of burnout. And I’m moving through and all that stage where financially I wasn’t getting any money in but the effort was just incessant just pushing it through. And I shared it. I shared it on Join Up Dots, but I can actually pinpoint it. Now it was really interesting as I was whizzing down the list thinking Oh, yeah, look, I was actually talking about it there. I could have nipped it all in the bud Mark if I knew, but of course, I couldn’t not just have to plow into it.
Right? Right. Yeah. Now that’s really interesting. That’s great. You have almost like an audio journal, it’s awesome to like, look back at your life,
which is what I would like with everybody. I would love somebody, I would like the mark Messier. If I could send you back in time, like I do. You know, now you see sort of these blocks, where families are filming everything. And it sounds awful. De Sandoval. And you know, we are putting makeup on. And here we are going to the shops. And here we are doing based on stuff and my daughter’s obsessed by him. But I would love to see someone like Elon Musk start recording his very first blog, you know, when he just takes that idea and follows it through. There’s a really interesting documentary with Coldplay, the band from the United Kingdom. And one of their friends at college, when they first met, was a film producer. And so he was practicing to be a film producer. And they were trying to get a band together. And they were just all friends and not one of them realized that this guy was going to become a successful film producer. And all these efforts, then become the ultimate documentary of Coldplay. But when you see them sitting on the bed, with like a drum set with a towel over it, because I can’t make too much noise because the neighbors are getting on the plane and trying to get their first band going. And Ben their first gig, it’s all on there. And they’re dragging their equipment. That’s the kind of thing that I think people need to see that there’s a journey. And that’s why I like podcasting because you can go back and you can listen to it, and you can hear the journey.
Yeah, no, that’s awesome. I agree. Totally. I mean, it’s, it’s a really amazing thing to have that.
Now with yourself, Ben. So let’s jump back. Let’s Join Up Dots. Let’s make a Coldplay documentary on Mark Messier. Okay. So when you was at college, and we go back before University, but was it obvious that you were going to be where you are now? It’s like, we can’t imagine presidents not wanting to uh, well, other than when you’ve got now, but they seem like they were always going to be presidents. And you can imagine them almost having a life of an that. Were you the same?
I mean, no. Well, when I first started University, no, I was I was going to be a doctor. So totally different world totally different life that I would have had. I mean, over time through college, I developed an interest interest in studied entrepreneurship, but definitely not at the start.
It was a What made you get that interest in what made you start moving into a world? Where is, you know, it’s a long way away from being a doctor.
Yeah, well, I, you know, I wanted to be a doctor because my dad was a doctor. So it was something I knew and understood and saw a good career path for, but but mostly because I saw my father’s, you know, ability to help people on a daily basis. And that always really intrigued me and, you know, made me feel good about just thinking about, oh, you know, what, every single day, I’m going to make people feel a little better. Even if I can’t cure them of their illness, I could at least help them feel better. And you know, that, to me is like an amazing thing. You know, if you’ve ever been sick and just wanted to feel better, the person who can do that for you. It’s like an amazing thing. And I would see it at the grocery store or whatever. He was almost like a mini celebrity in our small town where I grew up, because people would come up and say hi, and be nice to him, and thank him and give them gifts at Christmas and all this great stuff. And I was like, My God, yeah, my dad’s an amazing guy. But that’s just such a great, you know, great opportunity to live your life that way. So I became really obsessed with it. The problem was, I wasn’t that great at studying subjects that I didn’t see any application to my life. Yeah, in studying general sciences, when I was like, when I’m a doctor, I’m not going to need to know chemistry on a daily basis, I’m not going to be making medicine, I’m going to be using the medicines, right. And so I had real early burnout when I was taking kind of all these site heavy, heavy science classes, because I love science, but I didn’t love it for sciences sake, like I loved it, to learn something or to do implement something like engineering would have been something that would have been more interesting to me. But you know, I just early on came to a huge burnout where I was like, literally like how to break down crying session in the library Friday night at like, 10 o’clock at night, because I was still there studying for my test. And all my friends were out having fun, and I was like, This is misery. You know, let’s be fun. And this is not fun at all, you know, me while I was still getting like C’s, it wasn’t even like I was studying and getting an amazing, great, so I just wasn’t great at it. And inherently and I just burnt out. So so quickly came from that to be like, well, what am I going to do? You know, like, I still want to help people. And I still want to create things and do things but like, how am I going to do that? Right? I didn’t know anything else. I didn’t know anybody doing anything else. But it was always interested in buildings construction. And and I got really from my mom, my mom would at a young age take me to construction sites and kind of just, you know, tool around and imagine what the house is going to look like and stuff. So she really instilled in me that kind of like creative architectural interest. But I knew like a lot of careers in real estate like architecture, specifically, unless you’re the head of a huge architecture firm, you really can’t make much money. And I didn’t want to have kind of a struggling lifestyle. So you know, I knew I had to do something where I had to be my own boss eventually. And so that led to an entrepreneurial study. But again, I didn’t find a real estate company to be my own boss kind of thing until right as I was graduating my graduate degree, so kind of four years later,
he’s fascinating, because literally everyone I speak to have a similar story. But if you really link and in the beginning of Join Up Dots, we talked about this a lot. But if you look at the little mark, the one that was there before money or responsibility comes along, you will probably find you playing with Lego building camps, you know, making things with your hand. And then you follow a path that your parents want you to do or somebody else wants you to do until you get so far down into it. And I know so many people that have gone through university come out with huge amount of debt and hated it. And they’ve gone through that path. And you think to yourself, why do we get so disconnected with our real selves? Because I know, I love talking to people. And I love to sort of try to motivate and inspire. And I went into banking and insurance for God’s sake. And I did 25 years in that, you know, Why the hell would I do that? Yes, it was a job. Yes, he paid. We don’t need banks and insurance this, let’s get rid of the lot of them.
I like it. I like it just a real, real revolutionary. Oh, yeah, just
just get rid of any boring jobs. Let’s just give people money to have fun. And just go that looks that looks boring. Underground, you know, there’s enough money. Money in the world. And Charlie Munger, for example, earns 100 grand a year. And he’s worth 1.6 billion. So how does that work? How does he only work? That there’s something wrong in the world markets. So with yourself again, looking at all this crying bit in the library? Because I was fascinated about that part of me wanted you to shout you big girl. And then the other part of a fault. We’ve all been there. We’ve all been there. Was it total? Did you feel totally, totally lost? Like, you just didn’t know where to turn? Or was it a cry for help? or What was it?
Yeah, no, I mean, I’ve had a couple of periods in my life that have, you know, gone through this, and where I really just kind of was lost. And, you know, I’m, I love, goal achievement and kind of striving towards something as long as I feel like I’m going in a positive direction towards what I want. I’m a really happy person, like, I’m a really positive person I enjoy, you know, even the struggles and the challenges. So, so the hardest thing for me I’ve experienced in my own life has been when I literally don’t know what to do, if I just feel like I’m stuck. And I don’t know how to get out of it. That’s like the most demoralizing and sort of upsetting thing that happens. I mean, within reason, obviously, Death of family members, other things. I don’t mean it like that. But you know, just in my own personal professional development career path, when I have no idea what to do or where to go, I feel lost, I feel like a ship floating at sea with no way of getting anywhere and just kind of everything’s happening to me, and I’m much I’m not a, I’m not a fatalist or somebody who believes like, you know, everything just happens to me, and I don’t have control, I’m pretty much the opposite. So I want to be able to take the reins and do something. But if I don’t know what I want to do, that’s the challenge. And so at that point, that was the challenge was like, this is the thing that I thought I always wanted. And now I don’t really know if I want it anymore. And what does that mean? Like? Where do I go? How do I get here? How can I help people and not be a doctor? How can I be happy? How can I make enough money to support a family and not be a doctor? Yeah, that was kind of my whole world was tied to that. And I’ve had that experience, you know, even in real estate, I mean, you know, some of the dark days of the real estate career path that I was on similar thing, you know, where it was just like, Do I still want to do this? Do I still enjoy this? Is this still a path that makes me happy? Is it still helping people as is still the best use of my time, all those kind of questions. And, you know, those are really, really tough times for someone like me, who’s always happy, because you get those points where you’re like, what is this insane feeling, and you don’t have as many tools to support that as maybe some other people would, because I don’t feel those things as often. And so having a support network of, you know, specifically my family and the early days, and still my family today, but a lot more, you know, mentors and my wife and other people, friends and family and things like that, that’s been the most important thing, you know, someone someone to talk to someone to share with someone to support you someone to, you know, kind of coax, coax you through those those hard challenges and be like, Don’t give up, it’s going to be fine. Like, you’ll figure it out. I know, it doesn’t feel like you’re right now, but it will be you know,
because I think the biggest difficulty that I had looking back on everything was the feeling of being a fraud. I was running this show. And when it started, it started off really well. And it was great. And I felt positive. And I felt competent. And I was on the show, and I was interviewing people, and we were talking about entrepreneurship. And then there was a period of about six months, about three years in where the money was going the wrong way. The audience was going the wrong way. And everything looked like it was just dying. And I was still getting on the microphone every day going. And welcome to Join Up Dots. And it’s great to be here and all that kind of stuff. And I just could not see away. I could be honest to people without being a fraud, because I was trying to inspire them to take control their own future, but mine was going the wrong way. Now I look back on it, I go, thank God, thank God for that. And thank God because I’ve got those skills now that I can really it was like the universe saying that you need this to help even more people. But I didn’t feel lost. I just felt like a fraud, I think.
Sure. Yeah, no, and I think that’s a really, really common one, definitely, most of the people that I mentor a lot, because I teach it NYU, I meet a lot of younger people that want to get into real estate. And you know, I mentor a lot of them. And a lot of them struggle with the same thing. You know, it’s like they have all the skills and knowledge and personality and, and intelligence and all the kind of things to succeed, you know, their wildest dreams, but they feel, you know, like a fraud take the first step. And, you know, it may have something to do with our industry and some of the other industries like finance insurance, I know for sure there too. And definitely in real estate. I mean, there are a lot of actual frauds, right, so it’s kind of difficult to be around those people and hear these people talking about these scam a business plans and their sales tactics that feel icky, and kind of all this stuff. And I’m like, I don’t want to be that person. Right? Yeah, that’s what success looks like, I don’t want to be successful. So I don’t know. I mean, that’s a that’s an early theories. I don’t don’t count it for everything. But I think it’s it’s definitely something to be said for, you know, seeing those things and be like, man, I don’t want to be that guy, you know? Yeah, I
don’t. Like I’m always talking about base, I don’t want to be the infinity pool guy. You know, that guy that you see on YouTube all the time, when they’re saying, you know, live this lifestyle, and I’ll show you how to do it. I actually hate most people, I really do. Everything about them screams fraud and charlatans. Right, right. That night, people buy
it. And it’s a terrible thing, in my opinion, because for the most part, I haven’t taken any of their classes, of course, because it pains me just to look at dumb little listen to buy something from them. But But like, I can’t imagine that those any of those things actually work and and, and, you know, so it’s like, not only are they kind of like puffing themselves and doing all the stuff and they’re literally cheating other people out of the things that do work, you know, there’s a lot of things that they could follow that they could, you know, books you were talking about, like a lot of business books actually do work, a lot of, you know, listening to podcasts like this that don’t cost anything to listen to and get knowledge from. And instead they’re charging like $10,000 for some scamming class that doesn’t work, you know that that’s really what what makes me angry, I hate people who take advantage of other people. So,
right, let’s bring them down as well. So banks insurance.
Yeah, yeah, I’m with you.
That’s what we’re gonna do? Well, we’ve been leading quite seamlessly up to a part that we call the Sermon on the mic, when we’re going to send you back in time to have a one on one. But first of all, I want to hear the words of Steve Jobs. He said these back in 2005. And they’re so powerful. Let’s hear them again.
Steve Jobs [41:56]
Of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards. 10 years later. Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forward, you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something, your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. Because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leaves you off the well worn path. And that will make all the
difference. It really does. Doesn’t it just having that being to cling to mark?
Yeah, no. It’s amazing. Amazing quote. I love it. Yeah.
So when you look back on and I asked literally every single guest this? So it’s not a new question, but I find it fascinating one, do you have a big.in your life when you look back and you go Blimey that that really it? That’s the thing, that’s the one.
I mean, there’s so many, it’s hard, hard to choose just so one. But I think when I look back at all the challenges, that the negative things and the things that have brought me out of those things, and therefore given me kind of mental fortitude, it’s always been those relationships, those kind of supporting relationships. And so it was invested, you know, that the helping people part of my personality, both personally and professionally. It comes home to roost at those times, right? Like I don’t, I hate asking for favors from people, I hate to ask people for really anything. So it’s, it’s also really hard for me to ask for help even when I really need it. But because I’ve given our try to and I’m not perfect, I’m not saying by any stretch, but you know, because I’ve tried to invest a lot in my relationships with my friends and family and business people and investors and all those things, when I really need it, almost inevitably, they’re all there to help me and in most of the time that people get pissed at me for not asking for help sooner. And I think that’s been, you know, the biggest, easiest, look back kind of advice to myself is like, you know, sort of as you were alluding to it in the earlier stage of this, this interview about looking back at your you know, your recordings and seeing what you’re going through and those types of things. I think the same here, it’s like being honest, has and more transparent has been really helpful, you know, being being able to be comfortable, being vulnerable, and asking for help. That that it’s really, really hard even still to this day. So I’m not saying I’m perfect example of it. But it’s made a huge difference in it. And it helps. I mean, the other thing is it’s helped other people help me so like, the reason that they usually get mad at me is like you’re just being selfish, like you want to help everybody and not have held back. And that’s not how the world works. So I think it’s, you know, in that way, that’s been a fraudulent thing where I felt like I didn’t deserve the help, or I shouldn’t ask for the help. I shouldn’t need the help. And getting over that has been one of the hardest things I’ve done. And I’m still working on today, but has been amazingly helpful and powerful.
I agree with you, Tony the amount I’m terrible at asking for help. And I don’t know why I will help anyone but asking for it myself. I just can’t do it. It’s just kind of struggle crew. Like it’s some kind of badge of honor, but I can work it out.
Yeah, right. Yeah. Yeah, no badge, I can tell you for sure there’s, there’s
no, there’s no barriers. It’s just that white pointy hat with a big D on it. And you stand in the corner feeding for long doing the truffle shuffle. And that’s that. You’ve got to watch Google Goonies. Now people watched it the other day, actually, it’s a good film. Well, this is the part of the show that we have been building up to this is when all your dots join up. And this is the bit that we call the Sermon on the mic, when we send you back in time to have a one on one with your younger self. And if you could go back in time and speak to the young man, what age would you choose? And what advice would you like to give him? Well, we’re gonna find out because I’m going to play the music. And when it fades, you’re up, this is the Sermon on the mic. The best.
Hey, Mark, when you’re just starting out on your own, and feeling like everything’s possible, remember that and keep that with you to you know, that’s a great part of who you are. But also don’t let it kind of lead you to believe that things will always be easy and only on the up. So when you take some knocks on the head that you should just feel like you’re a failure, because it was supposed to be easy, I think, you know, we’re kind of led to believe that, that you had all this great stuff. And so things will be really easy for you as they had been kind of through college and things. And even through your initial stage of your career. But as, as you’ll see, life doesn’t always work out that way and focusing that the best way to deal with that, in my opinion is looking back is to really focus on what matters to you. So don’t don’t look at what others have, or what others view as successful, but really look to you know, what do you really want at each stage of your life. And that’s okay, that it changes, it’s okay that it develops over time, you’re going to mature and change and your life’s going to be very different as you grow up. So you know, what you think you want now at 22 is going to be very, very different from what you’re gonna want it 30 and 40, and 50, and so on. And you know, those goals will be achieved. But you want to make sure that the goals that you’re looking for the ones that are gonna make you happy, because otherwise you’re going to get to the end of this really long, you know, decade or two decades of working and find that you didn’t you didn’t really do what you were supposed to do or what you wanted to do, because it wasn’t what was important to us. So I think being as interactive as possible. Thinking about things journaling. Just thinking about really what you want asking yourself that question as often as possible and really contemplating on it and not using others bellwether success for your own. I think that would be the best way to kind of go forward and have a much better happier life.
And still go on a helicopter. Yeah, go go for the
Yeah, so of course always Malika
Yeah, ignore that advice. You do you want the helicopter? That’s what you do? Yes. Well, what is the number one best way that our audience can connect with you, sir?
Sure, they can check out our I’m on all the social media platforms, of course. But Mark at property income. com is kind of the easiest over the radio, or a podcast, email address. And I’m always happy to talk to anybody about any real estate question, not real question any way I can help them, I’m happy to do so
we will have all the links on the show notes. Mark, thank you so much for spending time with us today, joining up those dots. And please come back again, when you got more dots to join up. Because I do believe that by joining up those dots and connecting our past is actually the best way to build our futures. Mark, thank you so much.
Thanks, David. Appreciate it.
Mr. Mark Messier from a New York City originally, and now he in Phoenix, Arizona. I really liked him. I like the openness and the transparency, the fact that he saw his path, but it was the wrong path. And when he got to that point in the library where he was lost, and I think most of us get that. And most of us kind of get seduced by the fact that we think that everybody’s got the answer except for us. And he’s no, and that’s what Join Up Dots is all about. And that’s why I keep on doing it. So that you realize, but it’s the experiences. You know, at the moment, I’ve been doing this for five years, and at the moment, something is becoming clear to me, but I couldn’t see before I whether it was I didn’t have the experience, I didn’t have the competence, I didn’t have whatever. But I can see now that there was something that I had to build up to. And it wasn’t part of the plan, it was just something that is going to occur. And you will find out more about that as we go on. But you can’t can’t plan too much. You’ve just got to make things happen. And if you just sitting there in the bar every night or on Netflix or at the job that you don’t like without at least connecting with people outside or doing evening classes or, or getting physically fit or whatever changes your situation. You’re going to find yourself going round and round and round make life what you want, make more money than you ever dreamt up. And, and enjoy yourself in the process. Until next time. Thank you so much for everybody being here. If you want a support group in your local area, as you would have heard on all the other shows, just drop us a line we will get that set up and we can start building out that support for you. But please be here next time. Look after yourselves. Cheers. Bye bye.
Outro [50:43]
David doesn’t want you to become a faded version of the brilliant self you are wants to become. So he’s put together an amazing guide for you called the eight pieces of advice that every successful entrepreneur practices, including the two that changed his life. Head over to Join Up Dots.com to download this app amazing guide for free and we’ll see you tomorrow on Join Up Dots.
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Stories of Changed Lives
Congregations Started
Journey Groups
Journey Students
Journey Kids
2019 Full Service Videos
Giving At Journey
Children's Registration
MICHAEL DUVAL, CO-PASTOR
I love Journey Church so deeply. I am so, so grateful for the caring, serving. sacrificing people of our community of faith. I truly hope that we will understand how blessed we are.
I think of how other believers in Christ are treated in certain places. According to a BBC report, the persecution of Christians in parts of the world is at near “genocide” levels. I was shocked and saddened that on Easter Sunday more than 250 people were killed and more than 500 wounded in attacks at hotels and churches in Sri Lanka.
Christianity “is at risk of disappearing” in some parts of the world. It is facing being “wiped out” from parts of the Middle East. Christians in Palestine represent less than 1.5% of the population, while in Iraq they have fallen from 1.5 million before 2003 to less than 120,000.
According to Human Rights Watch what is taking place in China “makes a mockery of the government's claim that it respects religious beliefs.” Some churchgoers’ homes have been ransacked. Some have been placed “under house arrest or are followed all the time.” Some have tried to gather for worship but got taken away. Church buildings have been manned with police and plain-clothes officers, not allowing anyone to enter to worship. Despite this, the Christian population in China has grown steadily in recent years. There are now an estimated 100 million Christians in China, many of them worshipping in underground churches.
I hope we will not take for granted the privilege of gathering for worship. I hope we will boldly take up the challenge of sharing our faith in Jesus, believing deep in our souls that the church, as the body of Christ, is the hope of the world. I look forward to worshipping with you soon!
- Michael DuVal
Journey Church Northside Campus | 6758 Northside High School Road | Roanoke, VA 24019 | Sunday Mornings @ 10:00 & 11:15 a.m.
Journey Church Office Complex | 3574 Read Mountain Road | Roanoke, VA 24019 | 540-966-5683 | office@journeyconnection.com
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Mabel Van Oranje
Chair, Girls Not Brides: The Global Partnership to End Child Marriage
A global advocate for freedom, justice and development for over two decades, Mabel van Oranje is the initiator and chair of ‘Girls Not Brides: The Global Partnership to End Child Marriage’. She is also co-founder and the executive chair of the European Council on Foreign Relations. She is a member of the (advisory) boards of Global Witness, the Malala Fund, the Open Society Foundations, the Sigrid Rausing Trust, and The Elders. In 1993, Mabel founded the European Action Council for Peace in the Balkans and was its CEO until 1997. In 1997, she joined the Open Society Foundations as Executive Director of its Brussels office, becoming OSF’s London-based International Advocacy Director in 2003. From 2008 until 2012, she was the first CEO of The Elders. Mabel helped found the Dutch foundation War Child (1995), the global NGO coalition ‘Publish What You Pay’ (2002) and the Independent Commission on Turkey (2004). She has been actively engaged in the fight against HIV/AIDS and in global efforts that led to the establishment of the International Criminal Court in 2002. Former (advisory) board memberships include the Coalition for the International Criminal Court, Crisis Action, Interpeace, the Trust for Civil Society in Central & Eastern Europe, and Trust Women. Mabel is founding patron of the Dutch Masters Foundation, a UK charity which champions the advancement of Dutch arts by supporting three of the Netherlands’ leading cultural organisations: the Nederlands Dance Theater, the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra and the Royal Picture Gallery Mauritshuis. Mabel holds master’s degrees in Economics and in Political Science (cum laude) from the University of Amsterdam. The World Economic Forum named her one of its Global Leaders for Tomorrow (2003) and it Young Global Leaders (2005). Mabel received a Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship (2014), the John Diefenbaker Defender of Human Rights and Freedom Award (2014) and the ICRW Champions for Change Award for Innovation (2015) for her work with Girls Not Brides. In 2017, she received the World Without AIDS Award from the Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung. Mabel lives in London with her two daughters.
@MabelvanOranje
Appearances by Mabel Van Oranje
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Living (with) abroad in Tuscany
Paul and Lucy Spadoni periodically live in Tuscany to explore Paul’s Italian roots, practice their Italian and enjoy “la dolce vita.” Paul is the author of "An American Family in Italy: Living La Dolce Vita without Permission," an Amazon bestseller. All work is copyrighted and may not be reprinted without written permission from the author, who can be contacted at www.paulspadoni.com
Family pride in Italy helps keep business focus on quality and longevity
Italy has a rich history, amazing art and architecture, good food and lovely scenery. These are all reasons the country is the fourth most popular tourist destination in the world. However, while these may be reasons tourists come to Italy, most leave saying what they will remember most is the people—even if the only Italians they met were owners of small restaurants and stores.
One reason for this may be that most small businesses are family owned, and it is highly likely that a client entering a small business will be served by a family member. The reputation of the family is on the line each time a business transaction takes place, and Italians take this responsibility very seriously. Even if the family does hire non-family members as employees, they are likely long-time family friends or have been hired on the recommendation of family or close friends. Pride in the business and securing its success is therefore of paramount importance to all workers, and they usually treat their customers with the utmost courtesy.
Giuseppe Benanti joked that he bought this
wine glass because his doctor told him that
for health reasons, he should only drink
one glass of wine a day.
“The family firm has been the backbone of the Italian economy,” reads an article in The Economist. “Because managers and owners tend to be one and the same, the best Italian firms are hard-working and run for the long term.”
Businesses with fewer than twenty workers comprise roughly 60 percent of the work force in Italy, compared to 30 percent in Germany and 10 percent in the United States, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Worldwide, only 30 percent of family businesses transition to the second generation, but in Italy, the percentage is at least 50 percent.
I recently completed an eleven-day tour of Sicily, and in each city, our tour guides took us to small family restaurants, wineries and other attractions. We toured a candy factory that has been operated by the same family since 1880. Each time we left impressed not only with the level of customer service but with the pride that the families took in the processes they used in preparing their products. They stressed purity of raw materials, strict production protocols and the use of time-tested formulas. They talked about what they did as if they were talking about their children. While they were not opposed to experimentation and variations, they maintained their core products, which were essential to their success. Quality, they said, was at the heart of everything they made.
“The pride comes from close knit family bonds,” says Alfio di Mauro, tour guide with Rick Steves’ Europe. “You are proud to belong to the family. You are proud to do everything you can to maintain your family’s good reputation and traditions.”
Lauren Newcomer is a nurse from Bremerton, Wash., who travels to Italy at least twice a year. One of the traits she most appreciates in Italians is “the passion they show in their everyday lives.” She feels this carries over into the family operated businesses.
“The places we love to go to are the family shops and restaurants, because everyone seems to be working together to provide you with a great experience. They all get behind their work, and they are very passionate about the services they provide or the products they produce,” she said. “I appreciate the effort and energy they put into their businesses because they care so much about the quality of what they are doing.”
One of the most extreme examples I saw of this pride and passion came when our tour group visited the the winery of Azienda Benanti, on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily. I listened to Salvino Benanti explain with great pride the care that his family took with the selection and testing of just the right varieties of grapes suited to the various soils and climates of Etna. Just a hundred meter difference in elevation can make a difference in what type of grape is used or in how many years the wine should be aged. Later, his brother Antonio spoke to us, devoting five minutes just on the process they use to select a provider for their corks. He discussed the varying levels of cork quality and the pros and cons of synthetic materials, concluding that his family has finally found a provider that he thinks can supply the business with the consistency of cork quality that its wine merit.
“Italy is all about family, and making quality products is crucial to keeping the family’s reputation high,” Salvino said. “It’s a matter of pride, and in some cases, excellence is pursued regardless of the lack of any immediate financial return.”
Italians are recognized for maintaining strong family ties, and running a business together can maintain and strengthen those bonds. In addition, the intimacy of a smaller company allows individuals to be more automous and creative, to be more involved in the decision-making.
“The freedom to be able to follow your instincts—since you are your own boss—is a great feeling,” Savino said, “although the lack of confrontation may be very negative, so we always stress-test our ideas with the outside world.”
Antonio and Salvino were managing a pharmaceutical company in Milan when they decided to quit and join their father Giuseppe’s small but growing wine-making firm. They are combining their business knowledge with their father’s knowledge and experience—aided by the unique soil “minerality” and climactic qualities of the Etna region. Their wine has recently been recognized as among the best worldwide, winning prestigious awards in national and international competitions.
Their wine is made on one of the farms that had been owned by Giuseppe’s grandfather, who began making wine in the 1800s. Giuseppe said that in 1988, he revived the family’s old passion, but not before investigating “particular clones of indigenous vines and new enological techniques to reproduce ancient fragrances using the most modern practices of vinification, in a perfect union of history and reality.”
Although the Benanti family business is still relatively new, its evolution is following a familiar path of many of the long-established Italian businesses, most of which began as small one-person operations tied to a special skill or passion.
“Our winery started off as a mere hobby—a very costly one—for my father,” Salvino said. “His intent was to make excellent wine, and it has taken him more than a decade to perfect his techniques and put Etna on the global wine map. Now that the world knows about us, it is very important for us to maintain—and possibly improve—our standards.”
“I created a new farm with new technologies, new plantings, new processing methodologies,” Giuseppe said. “All new yet at the same time old, because the philosophy guiding my decisions was and still is my grandfather’s. He used to tell me, ‘Keep an eye on the grapes!’ I have also managed to transmit this passion to my sons, who follow this family tradition with the same inspiring principles and the same determination.”
Posted by Paul and Lucy Spadoni at 4:59 AM 1 comment:
I can hardly believe it myself: I’m going to be rocking to American gospel music with an Italian choir
Joyful Angels in concert in Lucca Sunday, February 22.
Just like that, as of last night, we are members of an Italian choir that sings American gospel songs—an interesting, pleasant and challenging experience for both of us, because we still have a hard time understanding the directions of the choir leader. It is especially strange for me, though, because in my 62 years of life, I have never been in any kind of choir. However, we came here to learn Italian and become involved in the community, so this certainly fits the bill.
This adventure began Sunday evening, when we attended a free concert of the Joyful Angels in a small Baroque-style church in Lucca. The choir sung a few older tunes such as “Amazing Grace” and “Lord, I Want to be a Christian,” and also some more recent songs, including “Shout to the Lord” and “Open the Eyes of My Heart.” All words were in English, even though the crowd was probably close to 100 percent Italian. We went up afterward to express our enjoyment, and somehow we ended up being welcomed to participate with the choir at its next practice.
Lucy jumped on the idea enthusiastically, as she enjoys singing and already participates with the musicians leading worship in our Gig Harbor church. I initially declined, saying, “Non canto bene.” I don’t sing well. However, as I thought it over, I realized I already knew most of the songs, and I knew how to pronounce the words better than the rest of the choir. Some subtle arm-twisting from Lucy also encouraged me to reconsider. When we arrived at the practice and found that no audition would be required, that pushed me over the edge, and I crowded onstage with the rest of the group.
In true Italian style, the practice was scheduled to begin at 9 p.m., usually well past the ending time of an average community choir practice in America. And when we found our way to the middle school in Ponte a Moriano at around 8:55, we still had to wait outside until about 9:10 with a handful of other “early” arrivals for one of the members with a key to come and unlock the door. After a little more milling around and chatting inside, the practice finally began at 9:25. I found myself singing next to another first-timer, Rossano, and Mauro, a veteran who helped us novices by showing us which lines the tenors were responsible to sing. Lucy sang with the contraltos and says everyone around her was very helpful and encouraging.
We practiced some of the pieces that we had heard at the concert, and then the group worked on Chris Tomlin’s “Forever,” a song new to the choir but familiar to Lucy and me. We felt useful when we were able to help some of the people around us with the pronunciation of words. We made it through halfway, with a nice balance of discipline and joking around, before Monica, the director, called it quits at around 11, and we feasted on some cheesecake that one of the members had brought.
Lucy shares a few words after rehearsal with our choir director.
We have never seen cheesecake in Italy before, other than ones that Lucy sometimes makes with ingredients she brings from the States. I asked what the Italian name for this delicious dolce was. It’s called cheesecake. I guess that makes sense, because we don’t give English names to pizza, ravioli, cannoli and other Italian dishes.
We found it interesting that one of the songs the group features is “My Guy,” a song popularized in 1964 by Mary Wells. However, the group uses the version from the movie Sister Act, starring Whoopie Goldberg, in which the word guy is changed to God. I learned while eating cheesecake that another song from the movie will soon be added to our repertoire: “I Will Follow Him.” Little Peggy March made this song a hit in 1963. I’m not sure if the Italian musicians realize that these are actually classic rock and roll songs adapted into gospel songs solely for the movie, but I don’t care. My favorite music of all time is 1960s rock, and next on my list is Christian music from the mid-70s to around 2010, so Joyful Angels is a perfect fit for me.
Posted by Paul and Lucy Spadoni at 11:30 AM 3 comments:
Five people get the boot by bus police on our journey home
Many travelers to Italy have wondered why anyone bothers to buy bus tickets, which, by the way, are usually purchased in advance at a tobacco shop, bar, news stand or sometimes even at a bus ticket booth. Tickets must be timbrato, or validated, as you board the bus, but foreigners often notice that some people board the bus without tickets and take their seats, and the bus driver takes no notice whatsoever. This could be because the passengers are students, who don’t need to pay for transportation to and from school. They could also be locals who have purchased monthly or yearly passes. Or they could be just playing the odds that the bus won’t be boarded by . . . (play theme from Beethoven’s Fifth) . . . the bus police.
Tourist sites warn that the fine for riding without a ticket is 50 euros. Despite several years of riding buses in Italy, I have only seen the police come aboard a half dozen times—and one of those times was yesterday, when we took a bus for a half hour ride from Pisa to Viareggio. We had made it to within 15 minutes of our destination when a man and woman, well dressed but not in typical police uniforms, boarded the bus and stood next to Lucy, who was seated just ahead of me.
“She just stared at me,” Lucy said. “I didn’t know what she wanted.” Apparently, Italians know what the bus police look like, but we did not. After a few seconds of awkward pause, the woman said, “Biglietti, per favore.”
Lucy pointed at me, and I produced both of our tickets, properly validated with the time and date. The officers initialed our tickets and moved on to other passengers and took a seat in the back of the bus. I returned to my book, and unfortunately I was too focused on my reading to eavesdrop on the action going on behind us. The police had encountered a 16-year-old girl with blue hair who had no ticket, and one officer came to the front of the bus and told the driver to pull over and turn off the engine. And then we waited for 20 minutes, without any attempt made to explain the delay, probably because it was apparent to everyone that the officers had called for backup.
Meanwhile, the blue-haired ragazzina spent most of the time on her cell phone, apparently telling someone at the other end what was happening. Finally, an officer of the Carabinieri arrived and came aboard to talk to the girl. By this time, she had reached her mother and handed the telefonino to the carabiniere. Unlike the girl, who had been speaking so softly that we could only catch bits and pieces of her conversation, the carabiniere spoke loudly, so that everyone on the bus could hear. And so did the mother, who apparently satisfied the officer by giving out details about her daughter’s identity, including her date of birth. It seems that the girl’s only fault may have been leaving her carta d’identità and her school diario at home so that she had no way to prove her age or that she was a student. Italians are required to produce proof of identity on demand from the police, but the carabiniere seemed to accept the mother’s story. We still had to wait another five minutes while the bus policemen and carabiniere stepped outside and had a conversation that unfortunately I couldn’t eavesdrop on. When the bus finally left again, the girl got off a few stops later, but not before announcing her apology to the other passengers for having caused the delay.
Meanwhile, the bus police gave the boot to four other passengers who didn’t have proper tickets. A mother and her son had tickets for an urban bus, and they had clicked them in the machine properly, but we were on an interurban bus, so they had to exit. Two other women were also made to exit at the next stop. None of them received a fine, though. We also observed one elderly man who entered without validating his ticket and took a seat in the front. When asked to show his ticket by the woman, he pulled out an envelope full of tickets and was somehow able to convince the officer that he had had one of them stamped even if there was no date and time on it.
This incident sent me on a search of online forums to see what else I could find out about experiences with bus police, and though I didn’t really find anything new, I did read the funny and sad story of a couple of novice travelers from London who unfortunately boarded a bus in Venice that had just been stopped by the bus police. Steve M. wrote on Tripadvisor: “Having queued for a short time at the ticket office to get the number 5 bus to the airport, the lady at the desk suddenly put up a ‘temporarily closed’ sign in front of us, but pointed at the bus and told us to pay the driver. There was no driver on the bus, but we did notice a ticket inspector further down the bus. After waiting a minute or two, we approached him and asked if we could pay him for the ticket. He was ‘busy’ talking to someone, but he replied in Italian (not sure what he said, but the word ‘minuti’ was in there so we thought we had to wait a while), he also stood up and beckoned us to sit where he had been. A minute or so later, the guy he was talking to got off the bus and the inspector walked to the back and started working his way slowly through checking tickets. Then the guy he had been speaking to returned at the front of the bus and got into the driver’s seat (he was also accompanied by two more ticket inspectors). The bus moved off, and these two inspectors, ignoring the other people at the front approached us straight away and asked for our tickets. When we meekly offered our 15 euros, they said, ‘You should have a ticket, and there is now a fine of 100 euros.’
The policemen didn’t believe the couple’s story that they had not been on board previously or that they had tried to purchase tickets at the ticket booth. They didn’t pay the fine, though, and so they were issued tickets for double the amount to be paid at a later time. I see no follow-up posts to find out if they ever paid. However, these are all stories to keep in mind when one boards a bus in Italy. I’m certainly glad we had our proper tickets!
Ragusa, Modica, Noto, Siracusa and Catania--and then back "home"
On the road from Ragusa to Siracusa, we stopped at the Antica Dolceria Bonajuto in Modica, the oldest chocolate factory in Sicilia, dating back to 1880. Chocolate came to Sicilia from the Spanish, who ruled this island from 1734 to 1860. Sugar and many spices were brought by the Arabs, who ruled from 827 to 1061, and this combination of tastes has developed numerous dolci, or desserts, that have contributed to Sicilia’s fame. We learned about the processes and ingredients and then viewed a demonstration, but of course the best came at the end, when we were given free samples of 17 different varieties.
After Modica, we stopped at Noto and explored its main streets and grabbed some pizza and gelato for lunch. We stayed two nights on the island of Ortigia in Siracusa, taking a walking tour, visiting the church of Santa Lucia (one of the town’s patron saints), an archeological museum and taking the bus to see the ruins of huge Greek temple, a Greek theater and a cave called the Orecchio di Dionisio, or the Ear of Dionysius.
Orecchio di Dionisio
The latter is a limestone cave in the side of hill when workers extracted limestone blocks for construction of buildings in the city. 75 feet high and extends 213 feet back in the cliff. It is tapered at the top like a teardrop. Because of its curved interior shape, the Ear has extremely good acoustics, making even normal voices resonate throughout the cave. According to legend, the ruler Dionysius used the cave as a prison for political dissidents, and he could eavesdrop on the plans and secrets of his captives because of the acoustics. We listened to two impromptu musical performances in the cave, one by the same quartet that entertained us at Segesta and another by our local guide, Liliana, who sang a verse of Santa Lucia.
We also had a memorable lunch at a tiny restaurant at the Siracusa market before getting soaked in a downpour on the way back to the hotel.
Lucy and I show our Seattle Seahawk pride at the Greek theater of Siracusa.
Alstolfo meets St. John in the afterlife and asks how he can
help his cousin Orlando recover from his madness.
That evening, we were treated to a performance of Orlando Furioso at the Teatro dei Pupi in Siracusa. Pupi are puppets, and the performance we saw is a continuation of the Sicilian tradition of cantastorî (singers of tales), rooted in the Provençal troubadour tradition from the time of the reign of the Holy Roman Empire in Sicily during the 13th century. The puppeteers explained that theater has been restored in traditional style, with comfortable padded benches and red drapery in order to “evoke ancient times, when the theaters were crowded with people ready to acclaim the champions.”
After the fleeing princess Angelica helps this simple soldier back to health, they fall in love and marry, driving the paladin Orlando, already half-crazy for his love of Angelica, over the edge and into complete madness.
On our final full day, we drove to Catania, making a stop at a World War II museum, where our guide Alfio treated us to a thorough and masterful explanation of the Allied landing and conquest of Sicilia. The next day, Lucy and I flew from Catania to Pisa, and from there we would return to our normal life in San Salvatore.
Posted by Paul and Lucy Spadoni at 2:26 PM No comments:
Well preserved Villa Romana and food-making enrich our days
One of the many mosaics on the floor of the an ancient Roman vacation resort in Sicily.
This scene and the one above show animals from Africa being loaded
onto a combination galley and sailing ship to be taken to Rome.
Girls working out in bikinis in the 4th century.
We had a peek into the lifestyles of the rich and famous when we toured an excep-tionally well-preserved Villa Romana del Casale near Piazza Armerina. These excavated remains of an AD 4th-century villa has 40 rooms which are carpeted with nearly 48,000 square feet of the most extensive, gorgeous and colorful ancient Roman mosaics in western Europe. Archeologists think it may have been a hunting lodge of the emperor Maximianus, co-emporer with Diocletian.
According to Fodors.com: “The entrance was through a triumphal arch that led into an atrium surrounded by a portico of columns, after which the thermae, or bathhouse, is reached. It’s colorfully decorated with mosaic nymphs, a Neptune and slaves massaging bathers. The peristyle leads to the main villa, where in the Salone del Circo you look down on recently restored mosaics illustrating scenes from the Circus Maximus in Rome. A theme running through many of the mosaics, especially the long hall flanking the whole of one side of the peristyle courtyard, is the capturing and shipping of wild animals, which may have been a major source of the master's wealth. Yet the most famous mosaic is the floor depicting 10 girls wearing the ancient equivalent of bikinis, going through what looks like a fairly rigorous set of training exercises.”
After touring the villa, we had lunch at an agriturismo, and the appetizers may have comprised the best primo piatto I have ever tasted. It consisted of fresh ricotta cheese drizzled with honey and sprinkled with almond chips, a delicate pecorino, fresh artichoke, arugula and eggplant sautéed in locally produced olive oil, large thin slices of prosciutto and sausage, a rectangular egg frittata and pickled olives. We also had toasted bread brushed with garlic, sprinkled with Parmigiano cheese and drizzled with olive oil. I have had all these delicacies before, but never were they so expertly prepared or contained such delicious fresh ingredients. Our guide Alfio described it as a “zero kilometer” meal, meaning the main ingredients were either from the agriturismo itself or from nearby farms.
We continued on to Ragusa Ibla, where we took a short orientation tour of the city and then went out for another sumptuous (but smaller) meal.
Ragusa Ibla, viewed from the piazza in front of the church of Santa Lucia.
Lucy and I hiked some 300 steps up the hill the next morning, where we paused to take in some breathtaking views of the city below while standing in front of the church of Santa Lucia.
Santa Lucia x 2.
Then we walked a few hundred meters to the church of Santa Maria della Scala and attended mass. We rested in the afternoon and watched a movie in our room in Italian.
A highlight of the tour, at least for me, came in the evening, when we were treated to a demonstration of how the local cheese, Ragusano, is made. We were given samples of the smooth, hot cheese as it came from the mixing container, and we ate it mixed with fresh tomato slices. Usually it is formed into bag-like shapes and hung to cure for at least a few months, allowing it to develop a more robust flavor. Even without this added process, its warmth and freshness, combined with the acidity of the tomatoes, made it irresistible.
Virginia mixes the milk and enzymes while her son
Ignazio pours in hot water.
The cheese byproducts—milk and whey—were then cooked in a large cauldron for perhaps another 45 minutes, with nearly constant stirring, before the cheese makers skimmed the solids off the top. This was ricotta, literally “re-cooked,” and we were given more samples to try, this time with bread. Incredibly good!
Eating fresh, warm Ragusano cheese with tomatoes.
Ricotta is meant to be served fresh; we were told it should be consumed with three or four days. We also learned that Italians do not consider it cheese. It is simply ricotta, though in America we call it ricotta cheese, but now I will know better. Ricotta is high in protein, calcium, omega-3 and omega-6 fats and minerals—especially phosphorus, zinc and selenium—but be careful not to overdo it, because ricotta is also packed with calories.
Virginia scoops the ricotta from the top.
After the ricotta demonstration, we had a chance to get dough on our hands while we helped the kitchen staff make pasta from scratch, with finely sieved 00 flour, eggs and water. The most amazing part of this was watching the experienced Italian women who could form perfect little shapes of cavati pasta with one hand in less than a second. All of this was followed by a huge dinner with so many courses that we couldn’t possibly eat everything.
Lucy adds an egg to her flour.
Luckily I had saved a small area for the dolce, which was cannoli, a Sicilian specialty, stuffed with chocolate, cinnamon, lemon juice and the ricotta we had seen cooked just a couple of hours earlier. I’m not sure my clothes will fit me by the end of the tour
We were amazed at the speed in which the two Italian cooks (left) could form the raw dough into pasta shapes.
Posted by Paul and Lucy Spadoni at 5:15 AM 2 comments:
Onward to Greek ruins of Agrigento
Two rock-hard bodies in a Sicilian museum.
We traveled by bus from Trapani to Agrigento, which is situated on the southern coast. We went first to the Museo Archeologico, which has a huge amount of statues and pottery that mark various advances and declines in workmanship and technology. Probably the most notable artifact is a giant statue that was one of 38 which formerly decorated a temple that was staggeringly huge. The weather-worn 25-foot tall telamon used to be part of the temple’s decoration—and it didn’t even come halfway up the columns of the gargantuan temple itself. The giant had his arms bent back over his shoulders in a pose showing that he was holding up a beam. As tall as he was, he looked small compared to the model of the temple that shows where he and the other giants may have once stood. It is estimated from architectural remains that the temple reached about 11 stories high.
This is a model showing one of the possible configurations of the temple
that used the huge telamons as decorations.
Then we visited the Valley of the Temples (Valle dei Templi), a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the greatest legacies of ancient Greece. These well-preserved Doric temples, just outside town, date back to the fifth and sixth centuries BC and are what remain of the Greek city of Akragas. Afterwards we had a huge seafood based dinner at a local restaurant and spent the night in Agrigento.
Our tour group in front of the Temple of Concordia in Agrigento.
Posted by Paul and Lucy Spadoni at 3:06 PM 2 comments:
An Amazon.com "Italy memoir" BEST SELLER
‟An American family spends a year in Italy–a dream, a disaster, laughter and tears, an unforgettable memory. Warning: this book may cause you to book a flight to Italy. Enjoy!” –Maria Coletta McLean, author of My Father Came from Italy
Tackling Italian bathrooms mysteries
Friday, March 9 I’ve been here long enough now that I feel confident enough to get down and dirty and take on some questions that have be...
Genetic diversity in DNA testing of Italians should be expected
To people of Italian – and especially Sicilian Italian – descent who have had DNA tests and are bothered that results didn’t show them to ...
How Italian is the average Italian?
I recently read an article published by AncestryDNA stating that the average person in the United Kingdom is only 37 percent British (Angl...
What will happen if you don’t pay your ticket for a traffic violation in Italy?
When I received a traffic ticket while driving a rental car in Italy in 2011, I wondered what would happen if I didn’t pay the fine. I read...
Beware those deadly (and sometimes humorous) false linguistic friends
Banashree Das art As I work on making travel reservations for a coming trip to Italy, I’m reminded of a verbal blunder I once made wh...
Paul and Lucy Spadoni
First off, before you hassle me about our title, Lucy thought of it. Yes, I know some people may think broad is derogatory, but the etymology is uncertain and she doesn’t find it offensive, and it made me laugh. We have been married since 1974 and are empty-nesters now, which allows me to bring my submerged Italophilia into the open. We first came to live in Italy from February-April in 2011 and have returned during the same months every year. From 2011-2015, we lived in San Salvatore, at the foot of the hilltop city Montecarlo, where my paternal grandparents were born, raised and, in 1908, married. In late 2015, we bought a home in Montecarlo. We come for a variety of purposes: We want to re-establish contact with distant cousins in both Nonno’s and Nonna’s families, we want to learn the language and see what it is like to live as Italians in modern Italy, we like to travel and experience different cultures. Even if we aren’t successful at achieving these purposes, we love Italy and enjoy every moment here, so there is no chance we will be disappointed. I am grateful to God for giving me a wife who is beautiful, clever, adaptable and willing to jump into my dreams wholeheartedly.
Family pride in Italy helps keep business focus on...
I can hardly believe it myself: I’m going to be ro...
Five people get the boot by bus police on our jour...
Ragusa, Modica, Noto, Siracusa and Catania--and th...
Well preserved Villa Romana and food-making enrich...
Island of Mozia, salt, windmills, Marsala and a su...
The first few days of our tour of Sicilia
Food, wine and conversation worth more than the pr...
Missed train provides hotel room, interesting enco...
Number 2: A Valley in Italy: The Many Seasons of a...
Copyrighted work of Paul Spadoni. Watermark theme. Powered by Blogger.
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Lydian Announces Third Quarter 2018 Results and Corporate Update
Lydian Announces Access to the Amulsar Site for Winterization Purposes
TORONTO, Nov. 28, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Lydian International Limited (TSX: LYD) ("Lydian" or "the Company") is pleased to announce it has secured short-term access to its 100%-owned Amulsar Gold Project to undertake winterization and preservation work on process and mobile equipment. This work is being performed to reduce damage to equipment and help ensure an efficient restart of construction, mining, and commissioning activities once permanent access has been established.
João Carrêlo, President and Chief Executive Officer of Lydian, stated, “Illegal blockades have prevented Lydian from accessing the site to perform work since late-June 2018. While we continue to work with all levels of government to achieve a permanent resolution to the current situation, we are also evaluating a range of financing, strategic, and legal alternatives available to the Company. In the meantime, it is important to be able to winterize and preserve assets at this time. This is a positive step as we work to re-establish permanent access.”
About Lydian International Limited
Lydian is a gold developer focusing on construction at its 100%-owned Amulsar Gold Project, located in south-central Armenia. However, illegal blockades have prevented access to Amulsar since late June 2018. Amulsar will be a large-scale, low-cost operation with production targeted to average approximately 225,000 ounces annually over an initial 10-year mine life. Open pit mining and conventional heap leach processing contribute to excellent scale and economic potential. Estimated mineral resources contain 3.5 million measured and indicated gold ounces and 1.3 million inferred gold ounces as outlined in the Q1 2017 Technical Report. Existing mineral resources beyond current reserves and open extensions provide opportunities to improve average annual production and extend the mine life. Lydian is committed to good international industry practices in all aspects of its operations including production, sustainability, and corporate social responsibility. For more information and to directly contact us, please visit www.lydianinternational.co.uk.
Doug Tobler, Chief Financial Officer
+1 720-307-5087 Pamela Solly, Vice President of Investor Relations
Or: moreinfo@Lydianinternational.co.uk
Caution regarding forward-looking information
Certain information contained in this news release is “forward looking”. All statements in this news release, other than statements of historical fact, that address events, results, outcomes or developments that the Company expects to occur are “forward-looking statements”. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts and are generally, but not always, identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “plans”, “expects”, “is expected”, “intends”, “anticipates” or variations of such words and phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results “may”, “could”, “will”, “would”, “should”, or “occur” or the negative or other variations of such terms. Forward-looking statements in this news release include, among others, statements with respect to: the expected results and outcomes of the winterization and preservation work; the Company’s continuing ability to access the Amulsar site to complete the winterization and preservation work; the Company’s assessment and implementation (and the corresponding success) of all alternatives (including financing and strategic options) being evaluated; the Company’s ability to remove the illegal blockades and permanently re-enter the site; the efficient restart of construction, mining, and commissioning activities; the realization of mineral resource estimates and the timing of development of the Amulsar Gold Project, including the expected start date of gold production; the expected and estimated cost of operations and capital costs at the Amulsar Gold Project; the current Amulsar Gold Project construction schedule, the commitment to and implementation of good international industry practices; the expected gold production from, and life of mine of, the Amulsar Gold Project; and the expected mining methods at the Amulsar Gold Project. Statements concerning mineral resource estimates may also be deemed to constitute forward-looking information to the extent that they involve estimates of the mineralization that will be encountered when the property is developed.
Forward-looking statements are necessarily based on estimates and assumptions that are inherently subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks, uncertainties and factors include, without limitation: changes in gold and silver prices; adverse general economic, political, market or business conditions; failure to achieve the objectives of the future exploration and drilling programs; regulatory changes; as well as "Risk Factors" included in the disclosure documents filed on and available at www.sedar.com. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and actual results and future events could materially differ from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. All of the forward-looking statements contained in this news release are qualified by these cautionary statements. The Company expressly disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, events or otherwise, except in accordance with applicable securities laws.
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Shovels Ready?
Digging up projects for Obama's stimulus bonanza
by Ryan Burns
Slideshow Shovels Ready?
Click to View 6 slides
"Be prepared," goes the Scout Motto, and it's good advice for government agencies, too. After all, you never know when a new president might decide to inject $787 billion into the economy. President Obama's massive economic stimulus bill -- the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) -- has officials at every level of government, in every town, city, county and state, scrambling to assemble their lists of "shovel-ready" projects.
As a symbol for rescuing the most powerful economy in history from a Great Depression-caliber crisis, the shovel seems an unlikely candidate. Along with maybe the hammer, shovels are about the oldest tools in the shed. Nevertheless, "shovel-ready" has become the phrase of the moment, perhaps because the idea of a shovel is as easy to grasp as the tool itself, as opposed to the baffling concept of $787 billion.
With the economy spiraling downward like a fighter jet caught in a flat spin, Obama has called for only those projects that can put people to work, like, yesterday. Nothing that requires environmental reviews, public comment periods or geological surveys -- just start digging, for Christ's sake. Elected officials, executive directors and business leaders have responded by hurriedly slapping bows on their dormant and preemie project proposals. Mayors, governors and city council-members; bankers, scientists and CEOs -- all are hoisting their shovels skyward and pointing them toward Washington, D.C., hoping their scooped blades will be heaped with cash.
In Humboldt County the wish list includes rails and trails, marine terminals, renewable energy projects and new highways alongside simple upkeep chores for our roads, water and sewage systems. Viewed en masse, the cast of hopefuls conjures images of a brave new Humboldt, a Redwood Coast Futurama where trains and cruise ships supply goods and commerce to a bustling green metropolis; where sewage systems and public buildings are powered by the sun; and where the only thing lower than carbon emissions is the unemployment rate.
The reality thus far has been considerably more mundane. At last week's Arcata City Council meeting, Mayor Mark Wheetley prefaced an update on the city's stimulus pursuits with a droll warning: The chamber was about to hear "two of the most overused words in our language these last several weeks." The words he was thinking of were "economic" and "stimulus," but before he could say so, Environmental Services Director Mark Andre hazarded a guess -- Shovel ready? Wheetley nodded: "You might be right," he said. Fact is, you can't have the former without the latter, and thankfully, Arcata has a number of projects locked and loaded, Andre said. Which is saying something. Finding projects that can get underway in mere weeks is a challenge anywhere, he said, but especially in a coastal zone.
Following application guidelines supplied by the League of California Cities (guidelines that change almost daily, by the way), Arcata has submitted applications for such humble projects as replacing water tanks and pipes, managing storm-water runoff in Sunny Brae, installing small-capacity solar panels here and there and fixing up a couple of roads. "Just to be clear," said Public Works Director Dobie Class, "none of these are our dream-type projects." But they're shovel-ready, and at this point, that's the sole criterion.
Eureka has assembled an equally practical wish list, full of projects that could be filed under "Jobs Somebody's Gotta Do." For example, the city hopes to build a "biosolids de-watering" plant to remove the liquid sludge from Eureka's sewage, leaving what Eureka's Deputy Director of Public Works Bruce Young described as a dry biosolid product. "It's very desirable for agricultural applications," Young said. "Around here, some of the lumber companies might want it for fertilizer or to apply in the forests [for trails]."
The city's number-one priority also deals with wastewater. The Martin Slough Interceptor Project, which has been in the works for years, would streamline Eureka's wastewater collection and transport system by routing all of Greater Eureka's crap south to the Elk River Wastewater Treatment Plant. Currently, much of it travels from the southern end of town (no pun intended) to the north side and back again. The interceptor project would allow for the removal of 16 pump stations, and Young said, "We could put a shovel in the ground as soon as we could get a contractor on board." Though the estimated price tag is $22.5 million, Young said the city only requested $15 million in stimulus funding, hoping their attitude of plucky resourcefulness would increase the odds of approval. "These are just pre-applications, though," Young said. "If we're invited back, we'll ask for as much as we can get."
Eureka also put in for highway funding for street rehabilitation and a road projects, including one that would extend Waterfront Drive. "We certainly have a lot of hope," Young said. "We could use [stimulus money] as much as many places, but it's going to be very, very competitive."
Obama's big outlays of money thus far have been similarly pragmatic -- $15 billion for Medicaid relief; $10 billion to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development; $27 billion to states for highway infrastructure projects; $8.4 billion for public transit. Each and every one of these thousands of millions of dollars is intended to have an immediate effect. The Medicaid money, for example, will help low-income families (of which there are more every day) afford health care for the next 27 months. The bill also puts a moratorium on federal restrictions to the State Children's Health Insurance Program enacted through the federal Deficit Reduction Act of 2005.
Humboldt County Department of Health and Human Services Director Philip Crandall told the Journal last week that not only is the moratorium good for kids, "It's also an economic enhancement for our [health care] providers." Crandall called the stimulus bill "a reinvestment in our country" and "one of the first bright spots out of the feds in many years," though he added that the Medicaid boost alone won't remedy the ills of the Health Department. Nor will the $155 million released last Monday to support 126 new health centers. A major stream of county Health Department funding comes from sales tax and vehicle licensing fees, so when the economy is under stress, Crandall explained, it's a double-whammy: Needs increase while funding shrinks. The bill's effectiveness for the Health Department therefore goes hand-in-hand with its overall goal: reinvigorating consumer confidence and stimulating the economy at large.
The $27 billion in highway infrastructure money has also been designed to work quickly. We're not talking about flashy new freeways here (at least not yet) -- more like fixing the potholes on Old Arcata Road, said Spencer Clifton, executive director of the Humboldt County Association of Governments (HCAOG). "Potholes and routine maintenance don't bear the sexy marquee of larger projects, but they're sorely needed," Clifton said. "There are lots of deferred maintenance projects that agencies have geared up, ready to deliver," he said.
They'd better. The ARRA gives states just 120 days to assign much of the highway money to specific projects. Of California's $2.57 billion share, almost $900 million must be obligated by June 30. "And if states don't use it, they lose it," says Recovery.gov, the White House Web site designed to keep stimulus spending transparent to the American public. "Here's the deal," Clifton said. "This 120-day emphasis ... virtually eliminates any project requiring environmental permits." At least in this first wave of funding. County Public Works Director Tom Mattson agreed. "We definitely have a wish list, [and] it's about $300 million long," he said. But since the entire region is likely to get only $15 million to $20 million for county roads, he said, it will likely be used for rehabilitation and overlays.
There is more money in the bill for transportation projects -- almost $50 billion all told. The Federal Aviation Administration sent more than $8 million to Humboldt County for runway improvements at the Arcata-Eureka airport and weather indicators at the Garberville and Rohnerville airports. And there are a few flashy projects at the state level receiving federal transportation funds, like the high-speed rail lines connecting San Francisco, Las Vegas and L.A. (or Disneyland, as Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal would have it). Those speedy trains won't come this far north, of course, but some of that transportation cheddar could conceivably make its way into more ambitious projects on Caltrans' District One wish list, like the controversial widening of Hwy. 101 through Richardson Grove, realigning Hwy. 299 at Buckhorn Grade and maybe even building a Willits bypass.
As of press time, California had yet to announce how it will spend its share of the transportation money, and Caltrans officials declined to comment for this story. However, both the Humboldt Bay Harbor, Recreation and Conservation District (HBHD) and HCAOG have assembled lists of local projects that may be eligible for stimulus funds, and both lists include the above Caltrans projects along with estimated costs reportedly supplied by Caltrans officials.
HCAOG is the agency that distributes money from the state's Regional Surface Transportation Program (RSTP) -- bridge-and-highway funding that's divvied up according to a pre-existing formula based on population and miles of roads. "We make sure everybody is provided with some biscuits," Clifton said. "Some get more biscuits in their bowl than others." Early last week, Caltrans provided HCAOG with an exact dollar amount for Humboldt County's RSTP stimulus: $2,879,368. "Although that doesn't seem like much, it's about four times what we would annually see from RSTP sources," Clifton said. More stimulus money will come later through the State Transportation Improvement Program, he said. HCAOG is also taking the lead on the Eureka-Arcata multi-use trail project, though that project's future remains uncertain.
If you're looking for more ambitious plans, look no further than the reliably big-dreaming Harbor District and North Coast Railroad Authority (NCRA). The HBHD has long sought funding to modernize the Redwood Marine Terminal, which they believe would attract large-scale commercial cargo shipping and tourist-laden cruise ships. District CEO and Port Director David Hull is hopeful that the stimulus bill will finally provide that funding, but he said he's not letting his hopes get too high. "The state hasn't worked out all the application procedures," Hull said, "and for freight, rail and port infrastructure improvement projects, I don't think they've got the systems set up yet." Even when those systems are in place, Hull said, Humboldt County has a history of being left at the altar by state officials. "A lot of times it seems like the North Coast is sort of forgotten up here," he said. "It would be really nice if Sacramento acknowledged that we're part of the transportation system, and we need the help as much as anyone else."
Other HBHD yearnings include completing the removal of the dilapidated dock in Fields Landing (to make way for another marine terminal), developing a railroad and timber heritage museum on the Samoa peninsula, some recreational fishing enhancements and, with support from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and labor unions, financing a long-term sediment management program in Humboldt Bay. The HBHD has found itself in a precarious position in the months since the Evergreen Pulp Mill was shut down: The resultant drop in area shipping means less funding for dredging the bay, and the mill's new owners, Freshwater Pulp Co., say operations won't resume until August at the soonest. The Harbor District may have trouble simply staying afloat until then. Hull said, "We're pitching hard to make something happen, and our focus is on Sacramento."
The similarly embattled NCRA, having recently settled an expensive lawsuit with the city of Novato, has been diligently repairing levees, bridges and crossing signals between Windsor and American Canyon and expects to have freight trains running that stretch by October. The dangling carrot of stimulus funds has further emboldened the authority's ambitions. With support from Caltrans and Congressman Mike Thompson, the NCRA is pursuing $36 million in stimulus funds to repair the stretch from Windsor up to Willits, about 80 miles. "The key there is that section of the railroad is shovel-ready," said NCRA Executive Director Mitch Stogner. The controversial section from Willits north to Humboldt Bay along the Eel River Canyon, on the other hand, still needs extensive environmental reviews and thus won't be receiving shovels for some time, if ever. "Our assumption is that [section] is not eligible" for stimulus funds, Stogner said.
The NCRA did submit another stimulus funding request, though, to rebuild the line that runs from South Fork north and around Humboldt Bay to Samoa, a 62-mile stretch that Stogner believes may be shovel-ready. That section would probably be used for barge shipments, he said, though ultimately its use would be up to the contract rail provider -- Northwest Pacific Co. Critics, including some in these very pages, have questioned the financial feasibility and environmental repercussions of NCRA's grand plan to restore the entire rail corridor connecting the Humboldt and San Francisco Bay areas. And certainly a line from Humboldt Bay to South Fork would seem pointless without connecting to more populous areas farther south. But Stogner is confident. "Trains are good for the economy, good energy policy and good for the environment," he said. "It certainly seems like an appropriate use of stimulus funds, particularly infrastructure funds. But it's way too early to know what our chances of success are," Stogner allowed.
Such is the case for most everyone. "Right now, everything is a guess," said Jerry Jeffe, deputy executive director of the California Association of Councils of Governments. CALCOG is the statewide organization representing regional planning agencies. Jeffe said that answers will be rolling in quickly this month. While some ARRA funds will need to go through various subcommittees in the state legislature, Jeffe said that "anything with 'stimulus' on it will be considered immediately."
Even once the money comes through, questions will remain for many agencies. Obama's bill includes billions in education initiatives -- "the largest investment in education in our nation's history," Obama proclaimed upon signing the bill -- but HSU spokesman Paul Mann said it could be months before they know how that money might affect the university. "Everything is very much in a state of uncertainty," Mann said. Stimulus funds for California State University system will first have to travel through Sacramento, then to the CSU Chancellor's office in Long Beach before finding their way to the 23 CSU campuses.
Obama originally planned substantial support for rural broadband Internet through the stimulus bill, but a $2 billion fund for that specific purpose fell victim to bi-partisan trimming between the House and Senate versions of the bill. There is still money for broadband, and meetings are taking place this week in Washington, D.C., to determine who gets funding through a broadband grant program. Michael Brinskele, CEO of Broadband Associates, Inc., last month announced his company's plan to bring redundant broadband to the North Coast. He told the Journal last week that he believes the project qualifies for stimulus funding. However, with Broadband Associates' own funding still incomplete and an environmental impact report still required, the project, which includes burying a fiber optic line along Hwy. 299, remains a question mark.
The stimulus bill includes more than $4 billion for Indian Health Services and $510 million in Native American Housing Block grants. Yurok Tribal Chair Maria Tripp did not return calls by press time, but one woman with the tribe who declined to give her name said tribal representatives have been meeting for the last few weeks to develop their wish list.
Some agencies simply got left out altogether, like the Northcoast Small Business Development Center (SBDC). "We didn't get any direct stimulus funding," said Director Kristin Johnson. "I think that's weird. ... We're doing a lot of crisis management with small businesses, and, ironically, there's no money flowing from the federal government to our [SBDC] agencies." Obama's stimulus bill provides nearly $730 million to the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) -- the umbrella organization for SBDCs -- to loosen the tight lending market. (The Arcata Economic Development Corporation is a local SBA lender.) Therein lies the key distinction between the SBA and SBDCs -- lending. SBDCs provide management assistance to current and prospective small businesses, but they don't make or guarantee loans.
"We have nice support here locally," Johnson said, "but at the federal level I think they overlook us. They think, 'Oh, they're not lending; we'll put money into loans.' Well, somebody has to work with those businesses to make sure they get loans." She and other SBDC directors aren't taking the snub lying down. Last week they traveled to Washington, D.C., to pay some legislators a visit -- "a nationwide sort of march," Johnson said. "We're gonna go back there and make sure the legislators know that the stimulus package is just the start of what needs to happen in the economy. Everybody talks about how small businesses are going to be the change that gets us out of this economic crisis -- not banks, not corporations. The government has made a good effort to put money into the lending side, but they also need the support structures to get there."
Johnson said she doesn't want to create the impression that SBDCs are struggling. Unlike many other agencies, SBDC funding has not been cut, and for that she's thankful. "But we are part of the solution," she said, "and we got overlooked."
If you look at a pie chart of stimulus spending, the largest wedge -- $98 billion -- goes to energy and the environment, and more than half of that wedge will be spent on an Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program, all of which would seem excellent news for the Schatz Energy Research Center at Humboldt State University. The Schatz lab works on a variety of cutting-edge technologies including hydrogen and fuel cells, solar photovoltaic panels and biomass energy from agriculture and forestry. But Peter Johnstone, a Schatz research assistant, said he expects most of the energy money to go -- once again -- to more mundane projects like retrofitting existing buildings to increase their energy efficiency.
"Doing energy efficiency work does more than energy generation at this point in the technology curve simply because there's so much low-hanging fruit," Johnstone said. As an example, he cited two projects recently funded through HSU's Energy Independence Fund, which he described as a small-scale version of Obama's stimulus plan. (HSU students submit grant proposals to a committee of students, staff and faculty, with approved grants financed through a tuition-supported fund.) One project consisted of building a 10-kilowatt photovoltaic system; the other was retrofitting a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. "Both projects will cost about $100,000," Johnstone said. But when you compare that cost to the respective energy produced or saved, the value comparison becomes lopsided. "The HVAC project will cost about $28 per avoided metric ton [of carbon dioxide]," Johnstone said. "For the solar electricity photovoltaic [project], it's on the order of $450 per avoided ton. As far as bang for your buck in environmental terms, there's no comparison."
Energy efficiency projects will put people to work quickly and have an immediate effect. "Not to say renewable energy shouldn't be part of [the solution]," he added. "It makes sense to do both. A lot of people say, 'Home weatherization? That doesn't sound fun. I want solar energy.' Well, until we address how we use energy, we're not gonna get there."
Still, the Schatz researchers and lab techs will be keeping a close eye on stimulus fund announcements, just in case. As will many others on the North Coast, particularly those who have recently found themselves out of work. The national unemployment rate recently hit 8.5 percent, its highest mark in more than 25 years. California's is in double digits -- 10.1 percent. And here in Humboldt County, the preliminary rate for January stands at 11.1 percent. We've seen a string of business closures and layoffs going back to before the pulp mill shut down. Mervyns and Gottshcalks have both gone bankrupt, and Bayshore Mall parent company General Growth Properties is itself on the brink of collapse. Eureka's Restoration Hardware, which opened in 1980 and eventually expanded to more than 100 locations in the U.S. and Canada, shut its Old Town store in January. Recent revelations of suspicious finances at Humboldt Creamery have local farmers concerned about their livelihoods. Farming jobs are already down 9 percent from a year ago. Approximately 1,100 jobs have been lost this past year in the service industry, the county's largest employment sector. And on Monday, the California Redwood Co. and Green Diamond Resource Co. announced they will be eliminating 85 jobs due to the weak contruction market.
In short, the job situation is no less ugly in Humboldt County than it is across the country. The local projects put forth so far are merely the first nibbles at the stimulus bill, and county representatives plan to bite off as much as possible. "In going through the package, it looks like there's more that we're eligible for than we had anticipated," said Phillip Smith-Hanes, assistant chief administrative officer for Humboldt County. "We're going to pursue all the funds we can in these economic times."
While some people are questioning the wisdom and efficacy of President Obama's stimulus bill -- to say nothing of the government bailouts of automakers and financial institutions -- few will deny that something needs to be done, and fast. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act will provide billions in tax breaks, grants and contracts for everything from law enforcement and mortgage relief to climate change research, homelessness prevention and education. Whether all those baffling billions in "reinvestment" will lead to "recovery" remains to be seen. But there's certainly no shortage of people locally or nationwide offering this or that project as part of the solution -- standing in the stimulus line, shovels ready.
News Cover Story Slideshow
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Palestinian National Authority
Interim government in Western Asia
Palestinian National Authority (Under CC License)
The Palestinian National Authority is the interim self-government body established in 1994 following the Gaza–Jericho Agreement to govern the Gaza Strip and Areas A and B of the West Bank, as a consequence of the 1993 Oslo Accords. Following elections in 2006 and the subsequent Gaza conflict between the Fatah and Hamas parties, its authority had extended only in areas A and B of the West Bank. Since January 2013, the Fatah-controlled Palestinian Authority uses the name "State of Palestine" on official documents.
Palestinian National Authority News and Videos LIVE
Palestinians clash with Israeli forces in protest at Kushner's economic peace plan 00:58
Credit: Reuters Studio - Published 3 weeks ago
Palestinians: not consulted about U.S.-led economic push 02:01
Credit: Reuters Studio - Published on May 20, 2019
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Cell Membrane
Barth Syndrome
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Acyl-Carrier Protein S-Malonyltransferase
Acyl-Carrier Protein S-Acetyltransferase
Lysophospholipase
Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II
3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase
Ketone Oxidoreductases
3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)
Acyl Carrier Protein
Coenzyme A
1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase
Multienzyme Complexes
Fatty Acid Synthases
Platelet Activating Factor
Acetyltransferases
Malonyl Coenzyme A
3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase
Lysophosphatidylcholines
Arachidonic Acid
Phospholipases A
Phospholipases A2
Acetyl Coenzyme A
Cardiolipins
Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) Asparagine Amidase
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride
Acyl Coenzyme A
Phospholipids
Arachidonic Acids
Phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidic Acids
Escherichia coli Proteins
Bacterial Proteins
Models, Chemical
Acylation
Substrate Specificity
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Information Science 3
DiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and Processes
Acyl-Carrier Protein S-MalonyltransferaseAcyltransferasesAcyl-Carrier Protein S-AcetyltransferaseLysophospholipaseFatty Acid Synthase, Type II3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) ReductaseKetone Oxidoreductases3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)Acyl Carrier ProteinCoenzyme A1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-AcyltransferaseBarth SyndromeMultienzyme ComplexesFatty Acid SynthasesAcylationPlatelet Activating FactorAcetyltransferasesMalonyl Coenzyme A3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) SynthaseLysophosphatidylcholinesFatty AcidsSubstrate SpecificityArachidonic AcidPhospholipases APhospholipases A2
acyl carrier
Malonyl-CoA: acyl carrier protein transacylase from spinach. (springer.com)
Partial purification and characterization of two forms of malonyl-coenzyme A-acyl carrier protein transacylase from soybean leaf tissue. (springer.com)
Wolf AM.A., Perchorowicz J.T. (1987) The Purification of Acetyl-CoA: Acyl Carrier Protein Transacylase from Brassica campestris Leaves. (springer.com)
malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase' can also refer to. (oup.com)
Malony-CoA:ACP Transacylase (FabD) is one such individual soluble protein and catalyzes the following reaction: malonyl-CoA + acyl carrier protein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] The transfer of malonate to acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) converts the acyl groups into thioester forms which are characteristic of acyl intermediates in fatty acid synthesis and which are strictly required for the condensation reactions catalyzed by β-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase. (wikipedia.org)
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MCAT gene. (wikipedia.org)
Malonyl-CoA is utilised in fatty acid biosynthesis by the enzyme malonyl coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein transacylase (MCAT). (wikipedia.org)
Other names in common use include acetyl coenzyme A-acyl-carrier-protein transacylase, Acetyl CoA:ACP transacylase, [acyl-carrier-protein]acetyltransferase, [ACP]acetyltransferase, and ACAT. (wikipedia.org)
dihydrolipoyl transacylase
This enzyme complex is composed of three catalytic components: alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (also referred to as the E1 component), dihydrolipoyl transacylase (E2 component), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3 component). (wikipedia.org)
Other names in common use include dihydrolipoyl transacylase, enzyme-dihydrolipoyllysine:2-methylpropanoyl-CoA, S-(2-methylpropanoyl)transferase, 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA:enzyme-6-N-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine, and S-(2-methylpropanoyl)transferase. (wikipedia.org)
Acetyl-CoA
Many of the individual component enzymes have been partially purified including malonyl-CoAracyl carrier protein (ACP) transacylase (4), β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (5, 6), (β-hydroxylacyl-ACP dehydrase (6), enoyl ACP reductase (5, 6) and acetyl-CoA: ACP transacylase (ATA) (1). (springer.com)
malonyl transacylase
Malonyl_transacylase_ACP-bd. (genome.jp)
ACP then moves back to the β subunit to the malonyl transacylase (MPT) domain and binds to a malonyl of malonyl-CoA, which will be used for elongation. (wikipedia.org)
tafazzin
Tafazzin functions as a phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase. (wikipedia.org)
subunit
This gene encodes the transacylase (E2) subunit. (wikipedia.org)
It demonstrates that this gene encodes a lysosomal enzyme instead of a lysophospholipase and has both calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and transacylase activities. (wikipedia.org)
dehydrogenase
The BCKD complex is thought to be composed of a core of 24 transacylase (E2) subunits, and associated decarboxylase (E1), dehydrogenase (E3), and regulatory subunits. (wikipedia.org)
The human Malonyl CoA-acel carrier protein transacylase in human mitochondria associates with respiratory complex one, such that it interacts functionally with a mitochondrial malonyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
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AFRL launches hypersonic branch at AEDC
7/3/2014 – ARNOLD AIR FORCE BASE, TENN. — The relationship between the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and Arnold Engineering Development Complex’s (AEDC) hypervelocity capabilities is paying dividends and leading to a more in-depth and scientifically broader collaboration.
In light of the success of several joint projects, AFRL leadership has decided to extend the organization’s partnership with AEDC by establishing a new hypersonic research branch, to be known as the High Speed Experimentation Branch, at Arnold AFB.
The branch will be directed by the AFRL’s Aerospace Systems Directorate, the home office for which is located at Wright-Patterson AFB.
Plans for the High Speed Experimentation Branch have been in the works since the beginning of the year. The branch is expected to be set up in AEDC’s von Kármán Gas Dynamics Test Facility (VKF) by Oct. 1.
Former AEDC Executive Director, Dr. Douglas Blake, who once served as deputy director for AFRL Air Vehicles Directorate, stated he expects the development of this branch to be beneficial for everyone involved.
“Ricky Peters, AFRL executive director, has been the primary force behind [starting the hypersonic research branch at AEDC],” he said. “This is a very positive development; both AFRL and AEDC will benefit.”
Blake mentioned that merging of AEDC’s skills and resources with those of AFRL in one centralized location will be advantageous and will bring about significant advances in the hypersonic technology.
“Our vision is to bring together the research talent of AFRL, the test and engineering expertise and facilities of AEDC and the academic linkages brought by new talent coming on board at UTSI to form a national center of gravity in hypersonics,” he said.
Dan Marren, site manager at AEDC’s Hypervelocity Wind Tunnel 9, shared Blake’s sentiments, stating that this collaboration will create a center for hypersonic research that’s unlike any other.
“For years we have relied on an outstanding collaboration with AFRL in the scientifically demanding work we do in hypersonics,” Marren said. “I am thrilled that the new hypersonic branch at AEDC can take the pilot activity we began at White Oak to a new level bringing in several hypersonic disciplines and form the basis for what we do across our hypersonic test enterprise.”
Glenn Liston, AFRL’s High Speed Systems Science and Technology advisor, will be heading the High Speed Experimentation Branch as branch chief.
“AFRL is excited to grow our partnership with AEDC,” Liston said. “This new branch will leverage our long-standing relationship.”
The branch will initially be staffed by 11 government, 9 civilian and 2 military personnel.
Liston explained that the team’s mission will be to conduct foundational and systems research in propulsion, aeronautics and structural applications providing technology maturation related to the hypersonic flight regime.
“For AFRL’s benefit, the branch will use the AEDC facilities and expertise to conduct research in larger scales than what we can typically handle in the facilities at Wright-Patterson AFB,” he said. “One benefit to AEDC will be the ability to engage the Testing and Evaluation (T&E) workforce in the research process, generating new knowledge for hypersonic systems, while improving their capability to test revolutionary new flight systems.”
According to Liston, AFRL and AEDC will together facilitate the transition of high speed science and technology through testing and evaluation to fielded systems, serving the development of the nation’s aerospace capabilities.
Marren said he looks forward to seeing what the future holds for hypersonic research as a result of this development.
“Having Glenn Liston from AFRL, Dr. John Schmisseur at UTSI and the multi-disciplinary test facilities and teams at AEDC will give the Air Force a never-before-realized advantage of having everything the nation needs to move hypersonics to the warfighter co-located and moving in one direction,” he said.
http://www.arnold.af.mil/news/story_print.asp?id=123416772
← Former NASA Astronaut and UTSI Graduate Henry Hartsfield Passes Away
UTSI Celebrates 50th Anniversary →
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What Is A Rainbow Baby – Experts Explain This Miracle Birth
Joanne Dixon
What Is A Rainbow Baby – Rainbows have long been a sign of better times to come. So, what does a rainbow baby mean? Seeing those two lines in a pregnancy test can be a source of joy for many women and their partners. But as with any pregnancy, there is also the fear of stillbirth and miscarriage. Those parents who experience miscarriage and stillbirth may feel conflicted when it is followed by another pregnancy and the subsequent birth of a rainbow baby.
What Is A Rainbow Baby
Where Did This Term Come From
How Common Are Rainbow Babies
Rainbow Babies And Social Media
What to Expect When You Bring Home a Rainbow Baby
Celebrating A Rainbow Baby
What does rainbow baby mean? This term is used to refer to newborn babies born after their mother experiences a death during infancy, stillbirth or miscarriage. This is an apt term for babies who are born after a sudden loss and the resulting “storm” that their parents had to endure before they were conceived. As a rainbow follows after a storm, a rainbow baby follows the death of a previous sibling.
Women who deliver a rainbow baby often experience a wide range of emotions. Those who become pregnant after enduring a pregnancy loss may feel guilt that they weren’t to save or properly mourn the passing of their angel baby. But, the truth is, is that parents may always mourn the loss of their child [1].
Where Did This Term Come From?
Suffering from a neonatal death can be devastating for expecting parents. The excitement of a pregnancy that is unexpectedly terminated whether as an early miscarriage or later as a stillborn often leads to unfounded feelings of guilt for not providing proper care for their baby during pregnancy. It is crucial to realize that both partners go through an emotional storm of grief. For couples learning that they are pregnant once more, there is a feeling of hope that can temper their longing for the baby that they lost. What does rainbow baby mean? The term rainbow baby comes from the sense of happiness that they feel after weathering a crisis.
Aside from the term rainbow baby, you will also hear some women mention sunshine babies. However, these two terms are different from one another. The term rainbow baby is used when you give birth after an infant loss. A sunshine baby is a baby that was born before a miscarriage or infant death. As for the term, angel baby, this is used as a reference to babies who have passed away [2].
How Common Are Rainbow Babies?
According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), around 10% to 25% of pregnancies end in miscarriage with 75% referred to as chemical pregnancies where women experience a miscarriage even before they knew they were pregnant. In cases of chemical pregnancies, a fertilized egg implants in the uterus and cells that would become to placenta begin to produce levels of the pregnancy hormone hCG. These hormones are high enough to detect on a blood or urine test. However, for some reason, the implantation is not completed [3]. This is one of the reasons why women tend to wait until they are in their second trimester to announce their pregnancy.
Often, the main focus of having a rainbow baby is that it represents new hope for parents who previously lost a baby. But, there is a darker side to a rainbow pregnancy. Feelings of grief and the subsequent emotions can be unleashed the moment partners learn they pregnant once more. Some parents may feel expecting another child is a new chapter for them. But for others, this can trigger anxiety, crying, and the fear that they may lose a baby once more. This type of pregnancy can be emotionally challenging for expecting mothers and their partners because of the conflicting feelings of happiness and hope versus fear, anxiety, pain, and remorse. Every story of miscarriage is unique. Friends and family may be at a loss of what to say during this new pregnancy. Either parent can develop postpartum depression afterward [4].
Feelings of guilt after losing an infant is a common side effect after a miscarriage or stillborn. Some parents may see the new pregnancy as a betrayal of the baby that they have lost. At this point, parents need the emotional support of friends and family. Professional counseling can also be beneficial to work through grief and guilt. Thanks to social media, more parents can share their ordeal with others allowing them to feel less alienated.
Through social media sites, women can find others who miscarried and share their experience. These women have a unique view and can express empathy and provide comfort to women experiencing grief. They may also be able to share helpful tips on how to cope with their feelings. Thanks to an increased awareness of giving birth after a neonatal loss, many parents have been able to work through their feelings of grief and look forward to expecting a baby girl or boy.
Don’t Be Afraid To Seek Professional Support
Pregnancy after losing a baby can leave you being pulled at opposite emotional directions. A lot of women will experience fear as well as joy knowing that they are pregnant. If you are feeling overwhelmed it pays to talk to an expert. Choose a doctor or counselor who is familiar with your pregnancy history. Hospitals as well as health care practitioners now understand the necessity of being more sensitive and supportive to the needs of a mother and her partner who experienced previous miscarriages or infant loss. It’s important for parents to mention feelings of anxiety, sadness, or fear during the doctor’s appointment so help can be established. Ask your OB if they can refer you to a therapist or mental health expert who can guide you through this new chapter in your life [5].
Why Some Parents Avoid Referring to Their New Baby as Rainbow Baby
Some parents are hesitant to refer to their infant as a rainbow baby.
For some women, trying to conceive after a miscarriage or neonatal death can be difficult, especially when they are undergoing infertility treatments. Waiting to see if infertility injections work or an embryo transfer is necessary can wreak havoc on both partners. Then, when a pregnancy is established, a whole new range of feelings appear. For these parents, referencing the term “rainbow baby” may bring back memories of guilt and grief.
First-time pregnant couples rejoice at hearing their baby’s heartbeat. But, couples who have experienced a miscarriage and are just weeks pregnant may be fearful of listening to their baby’s heartbeat. These parents may feel a mixture of dread and fear that they may lose this baby as well. Sometimes, these parents choose to avoid mentioning the pregnancy until they are reasonably certain they will be able to carry their baby to full term [6].
Some parents may feel referring to their infant as a rainbow baby is unfair because they do not want to infer that the new baby is a replacement for the one who has passed. Instead, they want to make sure they are viewed as an individual with their own unique personality.
When a baby is born after a previous miscarriage, it’s understandable that there may be mixed emotions for both the wife and husband. A newborn brings a lot of changes in the household. While rainbow babies may help temper the feelings of grief, the reality is you may feel a bit conflicted. Here are some situations either partner may experience.
It’s hard to determine what can trigger an episode of grief. Parents may find themselves crying at the sight of newborn clothes or even a sleeping baby. If you think you may have developed postpartum depression, it’s a good idea to visit your MD to help monitor hormones and emotion. It’s important to note that dads can experience postpartum depression as well. A therapist can help with these feelings.
After losing an infant, some parents are fearful of taking care of their newborn. Seeing your beautiful baby can be a bright rainbow indeed, but the fear of having to take care of a new life when you have lost a previous one can feel overwhelming at times. Again, neither partner should hide these feelings but get help through professional channels.
Using your angel baby’s name
For some families, passing down a name is a long-standing custom. For babies who passed before being able to continue this tradition, some parents consider naming their next infant the same name. This practice is not unusual. Until this century, approximately one-third of children died [10]. Thus, names were often “recycled” often in deference of beloved family members. Sometimes, these children are called by the first names or are known by their middle names.
Feelings of being overprotectiveness or detachment
Some mothers may feel either detached or overprotective with their rainbow baby. This is an understandable response to such a loss. Unfortunately, some feel a sense of detachment with their beautiful baby as they are afraid of becoming too attached for fear that they cannot take another loss. On the other hand, you can expect the “mama bear” to take over when others get too close to their baby.
Looking For Your Angel Baby
A common, but a confusing reaction, is to look for your angel baby in the face of your newborn. Of course, you know your newborn is not the same as your angel baby, but it’s perfectly normal to look for similarities, if only for a second.
Grieving Can Be Ongoing
Grief and mourning doesn’t end with the birth of a rainbow baby. Parents who experienced the death of a child may grieve at the thought of unfulfilled milestones … and this is okay.
Some mothers are ecstatic to find themselves carrying a new life after they have lost a child. Babies born to these moms and dads may find themselves the recipients of a rainbow photo shoot and a colorful rainbow-themed shower. These babies may experience a newborn shoot and subsequent birthday parties. What is a rainbow baby? For these parents, a rainbow baby is a reminder that “something good comes out of something bad.”
These parents know their angel babies are never forgotten no matter how many months or years have passed. There will always be a special place in their heart for their angel baby. Even when parents are cradling their newborn in their arms, they realize these babies are not a replacement for the one they have lost. They are merely adding to their family.
What Is A Rainbow Baby Resources:
[1] The Bump; What Is A Rainbow Baby?, Cherlaine Tabo.
[2] The Sun; What is a ‘rainbow baby’ and where does the phrase describing babies born following miscarriages or stillbirths come from?, Recbecca Flood, October 08, 2018.
[3] What To Expect; What Is A Chemical Pregnancy, December 08, 2017.
[4] Thought Catalog; What Is A Rainbow Baby? This Is Everything You Need To Know About The First Child Born After A Miscarriage, Brianna Wiest, October 09, 2018.
[5][6] Very Well Family; What to Expect When You’re Pregnant With a Rainbow Baby, Chaunie Brusie, RN, Anita Sadaty, MD, October 21, 2018.
What Is A Rainbow Baby - Experts Explain This Miracle Birth
[QUESTION] What is a rainbow baby? [ANSWER] This term is used to refer to newborn babies born after their mother experiences a death during infancy, stillbirth or miscarriage.
Top Ten Must Know Proven Tips For A First Time Mom [UPDATED 2018]
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Everything You Need To Know About Crawling Resource Guide
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Third Minnesota turkey farm hit by bird flu outbreak
bySteve Karnowski
An outbreak of a bird flu strain that's deadly to poultry deepened Saturday when state and federal officials confirmed a third Minnesota turkey farm has been infected, this time in one of the state's top poultry producing counties.
The federal Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service said a commercial flock of 39,000 turkeys in Stearns County of central Minnesota has been infected with the highly pathogenic H5N2 strain of avian influenza, which also killed tens of thousands of turkeys at two other farms in Pope and Lac qui Parle counties of western Minnesota.
Saturday's announcement came one day after officials announced the outbreak at the Lac qui Parle County farm, where the virus quickly killed 22,000 of the 12-week-old turkeys in one barn. That farm must kill 44,000 birds in two other barns as a precaution to prevent the disease from spreading.
The confirmation at the Pope County farm on March 5 marked the first detection of H5N2 in the Mississippi Flyway, a major bird migration route. H5N2 was also found within the next several days in commercial and backyard flocks in Arkansas, Missouri and Kansas. The same strain also has turned up in several western states in the Pacific Flyway.
The Stearns County farm has been quarantined and the remaining turkeys there will be killed and kept out of the food supply, according to the Minnesota Board of Animal Health, which said it planned to release further information Saturday afternoon.
More than 40 countries have banned poultry imports from Minnesota, the country's top turkey producing state, since the virus was first detected in the state.
According to the Minnesota Turkey Growers Association, Stearns County is the state's No. 2 turkey-producing county, behind only Kandiyohi County in western Minnesota, where the virus has not been reported. Stearns County is also one of the state's top chicken and egg producers, according to the Minnesota Department of Agriculture.
Scientists consider wild migratory waterfowl to be a natural reservoir for avian influenza. While they don't generally get sick from flu viruses, they can spread them through their droppings. But top researchers say they don't know how the virus got to Minnesota.
Second western Minnesota turkey farm hit by bird flu outbreak
Citation: Third Minnesota turkey farm hit by bird flu outbreak (2015, March 28) retrieved 18 July 2019 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-03-minnesota-turkey-farm-bird-flu.html
Serious strain of bird flu found in Minnesota turkey flock
Bird flu confirmed at second turkey farm in Missouri
Turkey farms boost precautions after deadly flu strain found
Poultry expert says avian influenza strain not harmful to humans or poultry products
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“O Lord, save Your people”
THE YEAR 1938 SAW AN ESCALATION of warlike activities in Nazi Germany. In March Hitler invaded Austria and began to move against Czechoslovakia. Attacks on synagogues and Jewish businesses increased and thousands of German Jews were arrested.
The response of one Russian-American, Irving Berlin, was to compose the song “God Bless America” which would become like a second National Anthem during World War II and the years that followed. From the first, however, there was opposition to the song by some. They felt that it seemed to be a statement that everything in American life was positive, despite obvious examples of racial, ethnic and religious prejudices that were rife in many places. They interpreted “God Bless America” to mean “God reward America.”
Praying for the Nation
Christians have always prayed for their country, even when its leadership was persecuting them. The Lord Jesus was displayed on the cross as an anti-Roman revolutionary (the “King of the Jews”), yet He never advocated revolt as many Jewish zealots did. His approach was rather, “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s” (Mark 12:17). The apostolic writings, composed when Roman officials began repressing Christians, still insisted, “Let every soul be subject to the governing authorities” (Romans 13:1). St Paul here offered his most elaborated statement on supporting the civil authority by prayer “For there is no authority except from God, and the authorities that exist are appointed by God. Therefore whoever resists the authority resists the ordinance of God, and those who resist will bring judgment on themselves. For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to evil. Do you want to be unafraid of the authority? Do what is good, and you will have praise from the same. For he is God’s minister to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid; for he does not bear the sword in vain; for he is God’s minister, an avenger to execute wrath on him who practices evil. Therefore you must be subject, not only because of wrath but also for conscience’ sake. For because of this you also pay taxes, for they are God’s ministers attending continually to this very thing. Render therefore to all their due: taxes to whom taxes are due, customs to whom customs, fear to whom fear, honor to whom honor” (Romans 13:1-7).
The main points in this passage would be repeated frequently in the apostolic writings and by the early Christian defenders of Christianity. The ultimate source of civil power is God and therefore it is God who has placed rulers in authority.
The power of earthly rulers is legitimate, if limited to the temporal order. As St Justin the Philosopher (100-165) explained, “Whence to God alone we render worship, but in other things we gladly serve you, acknowledging you as kings and rulers of men, and praying that with your kingly power you be found to possess also sound judgment… as Christ intimated when He said, ‘To whom God has given more, of him shall more be required’” (Justin, First Apology).
From the start, the Church rejected the Empire’s idolatry and emperor-worship. It condemned many of its cultural values as well and as a result it suffered greatly at the hands of the Empire’s leaders, but in principle it respected the God-given place of the Empire and its Emperor.
In St Paul’s view civil authorities have a place in God’s purposes: to insure “that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and reverence” (1 Timothy 2:2). When the state is at peace then believers are free to live godly lives, raising up their praises to God without hindrance. This passage is the inspiration for our prayer for civil authorities to this day. In the anaphora of the Divine Liturgy of St John Chrysostom the priest prays, “…for our civil authorities, for the government and the armed forces. O Lord, grant them peaceful rule that we too in their tranquility may lead a calm and quiet life in all virtue and honor.”
In the Liturgy of St Basil our prayer is similar, but with an added note. “Remember, Lord, this country and all those in public service whom You have allowed to govern on earth. Grant them profound and lasting peace. Speak to their hearts good things concerning Your Church and all Your people that through the faithful conduct of their duties we may live peaceful and serene lives in all piety and holiness. Sustain the good in their goodness; make the wicked good through Your goodness.” We recognize that, while rulers may be legitimate, they may not always be godly.
In ad 313 the Edict of Milan decreed religious toleration in the Roman Empire. This was followed in a few years by the proclamation of Christianity as the state religion in the Empire. The state came to be seen as a servant of God. At the height of this development the Emperor was seen as a kind of secular deacon, wearing a sticharion and orarion as part of his imperial regalia and receiving Communion at the holy table.
There were also Christians who felt that God did not desire a “Christian state.” The North African philosopher Lactantius viewed history this way in his synopsis of Christian thought, the Divine Institutes: “God might have bestowed upon His people both riches and kingdoms, as He had given previously to the Jews, whose successors and posterity we are. However, He would have Christians live under the power and government of others, lest they should become corrupted by the happiness and prosperity, slide into luxury and eventually despise the commandments of God. For this is what our ancestors did” (V, 23). When Constantine became Emperor he appointed Lactantius as tutor to his son Crispus. We do not know whether the philosopher’s attitude to a Christian state changed after that.
In any case, while civic tranquility may free believers to pursue union with God, times of persecution or civil strife often bring out the strengths of some, adorning the Church with holy martyrs, confessors and passion-bearers. Each era and condition of life may become the arena for following Christ.
The Battle-Hymn of the Empire
One of our most frequently-heard prayers, the troparion of the holy cross, was originally a battle-hymn for the Christian Empire. The literal translation of the original Greek text is: “O Lord save Your people and bless Your inheritance. Grant victory to our emperor over the barbarians and preserve Your dwelling-place by the power of Your cross.” It is with this meaning that the hymn features into Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture, where the troparion of the cross represents the Russian army successfully battling Napoleon and his troops. With the fall of the Eastern Christian Empires (Byzantium, Russia) the hymn has been adapted in various ways to remove the references to the emperor and the barbarians. One popular version says “grant victory to our country over its enemies.”
In some churches, however, the following is sung: “grant victory to Your people over their enemy (i.e. the devil).” This version stresses that the Christian people as a whole, rather than any earthly realm, is the dwelling-place of God and that our real enemy is not the nation next door but our spiritual foes, the powers of evil.
Tagged with: 14th Sunday after Pentecost
Blessed Are the Poor in Spirit “Expel by Your awesome name”
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A somber Christmas in Bethlehem
(MENAFN - Jordan Times) Christians in Jordan celebrated Christmas in peace and quiet while co-religionists in neighbouring Palestine faced the spiritual blow delivered by Donald Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital as well as restrictions imposed by the Israeli occupation. In Iraq and Syria Christians found churches burnt and gutted by years of warfare but Chaldeans in northern Iraq celebrated despite the destruction.
Christians in Bethlehem, the little town where Jesus was born 2017 years ago, marked the festival without joy. Services took place as always in the Greek Orthodox Church of the Nativity, built on the site of the stable where Jesus' family found shelter. The Catholic Church of St Catherine was packed for its traditional midnight mass. Coloured lights twinkled on the massive Christmas tree set up in Manger Square, marching bands featuring bagpipes performed traditional music,and choirs sang seasonal carols. Before Trump's announcement on December 6, all the inns in the city were fully booked, as they were at the time of the nativity. But Palestinian citizens of Israel hailing from Nazareth and Jaffa who often spend Christmas in Bethlehem stayed away and foreign tourists cancelled their visits to the city. The number of pilgrims dropped by 50 per cent as clashes between Palestinian protesters, some dressed as Santa Claus, and Israeli security agents erupted in the streets of Bethlehem near Israel's apartheid wall surrounding the city and on Salaheddin Street in East Jerusalem. Good cheer had dissolved.
Over the rank of shops under the colonnade in front of the Bethlehem Peace Centre hung a banner proclaiming in English, "Jerusalem will always be the eternal capital of Palestine", mocking Trump's challenge to the thousands of years-long Palestinian connection with Jerusalem.
When Jesus was born, Bethlehem was governed by King Herod, a client of regional hegemon Rome, and Jesus' parents Mary and Joseph, a carpenter, from their home in Nazareth to Bethlehem to be counted in a census. Today Bethlehem is occupied by Israel, which holds the US in thrall and claims the right to ownership due to the Jews ancient religious connection to the land of Palestine. While Palestinian citizens of Israel are permitted to visit Bethlehem, Palestinian Christians from Jerusalem and Gaza cannot freely travel to Bethlehem for Christmas celebrations. There are only about 50,000 Christians in the West Bank, 22,000 living in Bethlehem, thanks to a low birth rate and migration due to the lack of jobs and a political horizon. Palestinian Christians could, one day, disappear from their "little town" where Jesus was born if there is no "two state solution", involving the emergence of a Palestinian state in East Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza.
In northern Syria's Raqqa, once a city of 220,000 people, few Christians — once 1 per cent of the population — have returned to camp out in neighbourhoods, crumpled and levelled by US-led air strikes during the campaign to drive Daesh from its self-proclaimed capital. When Daesh took control in 2014, the cult gave Christians three choices: Convert to its puritan brand of Islam, pay a heavy tax, or get out. Christian churches and other non-Sunni religious premises were gutted and burned by Daesh which routed or killed Raqqawis of all faiths who did not subscribe to its radical ideology. After "liberating" the city in mid-October this year, the US-dominated Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces began demining homes, businesses, streets, mosques and churches. But there are no services in Raqqa's ruined churches this Christmas. Only a few Christians have ventured back.
By contrast, in Mosul, Iraq's second city, Christians celebrated mass for the first time in four years. Chaldean Catholic Patriarch Luis Raphael Kako called on his congregation of hundreds to pray for "peace and stability in Mosul, Iraq and the world".
Muslim dignitaries and military officials stood side by side with Christians in St Paul's Church, its walls freshly whitewashed, sheets hanging over glassless window frames to keep out the cold.
When Daesh swept into Mosul in June 2014, all 45 Christian institutions — churches of various denominations, monasteries, community centres, and bishop's palaces were either destroyed or taken over by the cult and most of the city's Christians fled. Today, Omar Muhammad, known the world over as "Mosul Eye", has appealed to the city's Christians to return and recapture their lives. Muhammad, the secret blogger who risked his life to tell outsiders what was happening in his hometown after Daesh took control, proudly proclaimed Mosul has sprouted Christmas trees, churches have been repaired and renovated, and "hand-in-hand" Christians and Muslims were preparing to celebrate Christmas.
Having revealed his identity only recently, Muhammad wrote: "Mosul cannot be itself without all its components; Mosul without its Christians, Yazidis, Shabak, and the rest. It is not Mosul if the churches' bells do not ring along with the call for prayers from mosques, and trees are decorated at every home, regardless of religious preference."
Meanwhile, in Egypt, centuries-old discrimination and violence against Christians continues. Fifteen takfiri suspects have been arrested in connection with a pre-Christmas attack on a Coptic church in the village of Kafr Al Waslin south of Cairo. They erupted into the church after Friday prayers, smashed windows and furniture. The church has been a fixture in the village for 15 years, waiting to be licensed under legislation passed in August 2016 which was adapted from a law adopted from the Ottomans by the British overlords of Egypt in the 1930s. This required permission of the British governor for church construction. Once the British were turfed out by the revolutionary regime in 1952, the Coptic Church had to apply to the president for decrees licensing churches while Muslims needed only permission from the Ministry of Endowments. The latest law gives provincial governors power over church building with no right to appeal if refused.
During the 2011 Arab Spring uprising, Egypt's Copts, Catholics, and Protestants, who joined Muslims in mass protests, called for the abolition of such regulations. Like all those who joined the demonstrations in Egypt calling for "Bread, Freedom and Justice", the country's Christians, the largest of this region's Christian communities, have seen their hopes for justice dashed. The contrast between the situation in Egypt and Muslim-Christian solidarity in Bethlehem and Mosul could not be greater.
#Egypt
#Jordan
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Hannah Taylor
Alumni of University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
Follow Hannah
University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
Glenbard South High School
Hannah in the News
Hannah Taylor graduates from UW-Whitewater
Hannah Taylor from Glen Ellyn, Ill., earned a degree from the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater at winter commencement on Dec. 15, 2018. Taylor graduated with a Master of Professional Accoun...
February, 13 2019 - University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
Hannah Taylor was among the 1,579 students at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater who received degrees this spring. Taylor, from Whitewater, Wis., graduated with a Bachelor of Business Admini...
August, 16 2017 - University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
Glen Ellyn Native Taylor to Compete for UW-Whitewater Women's Golf in 2016
Hannah Taylor, a native of Glen Ellyn, IL, and graduate of Glenbard South High School, will play for the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater women's golf team during the 2016-17 season. Taylor, ...
September, 01 2016 - University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
UW-Whitewater's Taylor Earns Spot on WIAC Scholastic Honor Roll
Hannah Taylor, a native of Glen Ellyn, IL, and graduate of Glenbard South High School, was one of 367 University of Wisconsin-Whitewater student-athletes representing all 20 of the institution's va...
July, 22 2016 - University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
Hannah Taylor named to Dean's List at UW-Whitewater
Hannah Taylor from Glen Ellyn, Ill., has made the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater Dean's List for the 2016 spring semester. These students have demonstrated their academic abilities by receivin...
June, 02 2016 - University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
Taylor, UW-Whitewater Softball Win WIAC Tournament, Earn NCAA Berth
Hannah Taylor, a native of Glen Ellyn, IL, and graduate of Glenbard South High School, is a member of the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater softball team, which won the Wisconsin Intercollegiate ...
May, 11 2016 - University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
Glen Ellyn Native Taylor to Compete for UW-Whitewater Softball in 2016
Hannah Taylor, a native of Glen Ellyn, IL, and graduate of Glenbard South High School, will compete for the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater softball team during the 2016 season. The Warhawk...
March, 16 2016 - University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
Glen Ellyn Native Taylor Named to UW-Whitewater Golf Roster
Hannah Taylor, a native of Glen Ellyn, IL, and graduate of Glenbard South High School, will compete for the 2015-16 University of Wisconsin-Whitewater golf team a member of the Wisconsin Intercolle...
UW-Whitewater's Taylor Selected to WIAC Scholastic Honor Roll
Hannah Taylor, a student-athlete at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, was one of 335 University of Wisconsin-Whitewater student-athletes representing all 20 of the institution's varsity sport...
Hannah Taylor from Glen Ellyn, Ill., has made the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater Dean's List for the 2014 fall semester. These students have demonstrated their academic abilities by receiving ...
January, 30 2015 - University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
Hannah Taylor, UW-Whitewater golfers take fourth in WIAC
The UW-Whitewater golf team finished out its season in the WIAC championship tournament from Oct. 3-5 in Nekoosa, Wis. Hannah Taylor, a sophomore accounting major from Glen Ellyn, Ill., was part o...
October, 29 2014 - University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
Hannah Taylor wins WIAC title with Warhawk softball
Hannah Taylor, a freshman accounting major from Glen Ellyn, Ill., helped the UW-Whitewater softball team defeat UW-La Crosse 5-1 in the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference Tournament cham...
Hannah Taylor makes UW-Whitewater's golf team
Hannah Taylor, a freshman accounting major from Glen Ellyn, Ill., has made the 2013 University of Wisconsin-Whitewater golf team. The Warhawks finish their 2013 season in the WIAC championship tou...
Hannah was awarded this badge for 5 achievements. Click on the stories below to view them.
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Roberts: Enough Chris Moyles
metrowebukmetroWednesday 1 Oct 2008 4:11 pm
Girls Aloud star, Nicola Roberts, says that Chris Moyles’s obsession with her needs to stop.
According to Heat magazine the feud between Nicola and Chris began in 2002 when the Radio 1 DJ said he “fancied all of them, apart from the ginger one”.
Nicola Roberts wants Chris Moyles to leave her alone
But now Nicola has hit back. The redhead told Heat: “Enough’s enough, Chris. Shut the f*** up. This argument doesn’t bother me any more. I’ve grown out of it, it’s six years old. His obsession with me needs to stop.
“I don’t care what he says about me, but what bothers me is that there are loads of people being bullied for the way they look or act, they are made to feel s*** about themselves because they don’t conform to how society wants them to be.
“I have bright red hair, pale skin and, yeah, I can be quite shy, but that doesn’t mean I’m rude or miserable. I’m growing up, I’m learning and I’m slowly becoming more confident.”
Chris MoylesNicola Roberts
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Leid Stories – 08.18.15
Israeli American Peace Activist Miko Peled Says Zionism, Like Apartheid, Must Be Dismantled
Israeli American peace activist Miko Peled, a former captain in the Israeli Defense Force whose grandfather, Avraham Katznelson, was one of the founders of the Zionist state, and whose father, Mattityahu Peled, was an army general who became a leading voice for a negotiated peace with the Palestine Liberation Organization, explains why Zionism must be dismantled.
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An Optimist's Tour of the Future
One Curious Man Sets Out to Answer "what's Next?"
Stevenson, Mark
In the tradition of Bill Bryson's A Short History of Nearly Everything , a smart and entertaining guide to the future of civilization
When unexpectedly confronted with his own mortality, Mark Stevenson-a writer, deep-thinker, and stand-up comedian-began to ponder what the future holds for our species. "The past is a foreign country," writes Stevenson. "By my analysis it's a bit like France-in that I've been to parts of it and eaten some nice food there. But the future? The future is an unknown territory-and there isn't a guidebook." Thus, his ambition was born.
Stevenson set out simply, asking, "What's next?" and then traveled the globe in pursuit of the answers. Along the way, he visited the Australian outback to visit the farmers who can save us from climate change, met a robot with mood swings, and talked to the Spaniard who's putting a hotel in space. While some might be overwhelmed, or even dismayed by the looming realities of genome sequencing, synthetic biology, a nuclear renaissance, and carbon scrubbing, Stevenson remains, well, optimistic. Drawing on his singular humor and storytelling to break down these sometimes complicated discoveries, An Optimist's Tour of the Future paints a wonderfully readable, and completely enthralling portrait of where we'll be when we grow up- and why it's not so scary.
Publisher: New York : Avery, [2011], ©2011
Branch Call Number: 303.49 St
Description: 373 pages ; 24 cm
Read more reviews of An Optimist's Tour of the Future at iDreamBooks.com
Research — Forecasting
Technological Forecasting
Technological Innovations — Forecasting
Science — Humor
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M-DCPS Buses Go High Tech To Start New Academic Year
Filed Under:Alberto Carvalho, Back To School, Broward County, Florida, Florida Department Of Transportation, Key Biscayne, MAST Academy, Miami Central High School, Miami-Dade County, Miami-Dade County Public Schools, Vanessa Borge
MIAMI (CBSMiami) – Miami-Dade County Public School buses have gone hi-tech for the new academic year.
Nearly 60,000 students hopped onto county buses and headed to class Monday.
For those students grumbling at the thought of no more endless summer hours browsing sites online, all those buses now have Wi-Fi for them to link up to.
A real time GPS system was also rolled out. Dispatchers can now track the exact location of the buses, at all times.
Soon, an app will be available for parents to monitor their child’s bus.
“I have four all together; two in high school and one in middle and one elementary. Hopefully it’s a good safe and they learn a lot this school year,” said Erika Grajalva.
In Broward, some students said they were sad summer was over but glad to be back at school.
Ten days before the start of the new school year, Miami-Dade Schools Superintendent Alberto Carvalho checked out the buses during a dry run operation at the school district’s Southwest Miami-Dade garage.
He says bus drivers and administrators have worked hard all summer to make sure the first day of school goes off without a hitch.
On Sunday, he began visiting schools across the county as they make their final preparations for the new school year.
“This is like Christmas, Hannukah in August,” said Carvalho. “This is the most fantastic day of the year for me. It is literally the equivalent of reawakening the sleeping giant, amidst a summer nap.”
The superintendent toured some of the schools where new choice programs are being inaugurated, like Miami Central High School and MAST Academy in Key Biscayne.
“We are opening this school year with 53 new choice programs; robotics, computer science, coding, engineering, language programs,” said Carvalho.
He will continue visiting the schools with new choice programs on Monday as well.
“Our teachers and leaders are going to be ready with the three R’s of reading, ‘riting and ‘rithmetic,” said Carvalho. “What we are asking parents is to meet us in the middle and be responsible for their three Rs of respect, responsibility and restrain. If we can do that, we’re going to have a fantastic school year.”
Miami-Dade Public Schools, which has a budget of 4.8 billion dollars and employs 48,000 staff members, is the largest employer in Miami-Dade and second largest in Florida.
The beginning of the school year is a time when children are at increased risk of transportation related injuries from pedestrian, bicycle, school bus and motor vehicle crashes.
For a helpful list of tips courtesy of the Florida Department of Transportation, click here.
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vorige artikel Service Delivery Outcomes in ASD: Role of Paren...
volgende artikel Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Br...
08-05-2017 | Original Paper | Uitgave 9/2017
Assessing Coparenting Relationships in Daily Life: The Daily Coparenting Scale (D-Cop)
Journal of Child and Family Studies > Uitgave 9/2017
Brandon T. McDaniel, Douglas M. Teti, Mark E. Feinberg
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The sixth row in Table 6 was missed by the typesetter. The original article was corrected. The corrected table is given below.
An erratum to this article is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0794-5.
We describe the development and validation of the Daily Coparenting Scale (D-Cop), a measure of parents’ perceptions of daily coparenting quality, to address the absence of such a daily measure in the field. A daily measure of coparenting can help us to better identify specific mechanisms of short-term change in family processes as well as examine within-person variability and processes as they are lived by participants in their everyday lives. Mothers and fathers, from 174 families with at least one child age 5 or younger, completed a 14-day diary study. Utilizing multilevel factor analysis, we identified two daily coparenting factors at both the between- and within-person level: positive and negative daily coparenting. The reliabilities of the overall D-Cop and individual positive and negative subscales were good, and we found that parents’ reports of coparenting quality fluctuated on a daily basis. Also, we established the initial validity of the D-Cop, as scores related as expected to (a) an existing and already validated measure of coparenting and to (b) couple relationship quality, depressive symptoms, and child behavior problems. Further, fluctuations in daily couple relationship feelings related to fluctuations in daily coparenting quality. The D-Cop and its subscales functioned almost identically when only utilizing 7 days of data instead of 14 days. We call for future work to study day-by-day fluctuations and dynamics of coparenting to better illuminate family processes that lead to child and family outcomes in order to improve the efficacy of family interventions.
BSL Psychologie Totaal
Met BSL Psychologie Totaal blijft u als professional steeds op de hoogte van de nieuwste ontwikkelingen binnen uw vak. Met het online abonnement heeft u toegang tot een groot aantal boeken, protocollen, vaktijdschriften en e-learnings op het gebied van psychologie en psychiatrie. Zo kunt u op uw gemak en wanneer het u het beste uitkomt verdiepen in uw vakgebied.
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Brandon T. McDaniel
Douglas M. Teti
Mark E. Feinberg
Journal of Child and Family Studies
Relationship between Disabilities and Adoption Outcomes in African American Children
Does Parental Monitoring Moderate the Impact of Community Violence Exposure on Probation Youth’s Substance Use and Sexual Risk Behavior?
Processes of Belonging for Citizen-Children of Undocumented Mexican Immigrants
Predicting Parent-Child Aggression Risk in Mothers and Fathers: Role of Emotion Regulation and Frustration Tolerance
Foster Care Children’s Kinship Involvement and Behavioral Risks: A Longitudinal Study
Prolonged Separation and Reunification among Chinese Immigrant Children and Families: An Exploratory Study
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Posts Tagged ‘Dubai Islamic Bank’
Sharia banks that fund terrorism
The relationship is simple. Jihadists know they can trust sharia-compliant banks to maintain their anonymity, not ask too many questions, and facilitate high-dollar transactions on behalf of their terrorist groups. Some Islamic financial institutions, such as National Commercial Bank and Islami Bank Bangladesh, have taken the relationship a step farther by donating a portion of their bank profits in the form of zakat as an act of corporate “charity” to terrorist organizations, or in the case of Al Rajhi, through private zakat donations of leading bankers. Saudi Arabia and Iran are key bases for these activities, but this is a global phenomenon. Here’s Money Jihad’s short list of the worst offenders:
Al Rajhi Bank: The Saudi financial institution has served as the sharia bank of choice for the world’s jihadists, including East Africa embassy bomber Mamduh Mahmud Salim, Al Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri, and organizations like Indonesian Kompak and Al-Haramain. Bank co-founder Sulaiman Al-Rajhi appeared on the infamous Golden Chain document of Al Qaeda financiers. These allegations were reinforced by the recent U.S. Senate investigation into HSBC’s correspondent relationships.
Al Shamal Islamic Bank: Osama Bin Laden co-founded the Al Shamal in Sudan and invested $50 million there. During the 1990s and early 2000s, Al Qaeda distributed money to its cells through Al Shamal. Funds passed through Al Shamal were used in preparation for terrorist attacks.
National Commercial Bank: Offering conventional and sharia banking services, Saudi Arabia’s self-described first, largest, and most prominent bank is NCB. Among other misdeeds, a Saudi audit revealed that NCB transferred $74 million in the 1990s as zakat through its charitable front organizations to Al Qaeda (see here, here, and here). Khalid bin Mahfouz, the head of the bank, exploited libel laws to sue author Rachel Ehrenfeld in an effort to silence accusations about his role in financing terrorism.
Arab Bank: This conventional bank in Jordan maintains a wholly-owned subsidiary (Islamic International Arab Bank PLC) that offers full-range sharia services. Arab Bank has transferred money on behalf of Comité de Bienfaisance et de Secours aux Palestiniens (CBSP), a notorious French charity, to a known financial subunit of Hamas. The Jordanian bank has paid out insurance benefits to families of suicide bombers for the Saudi Committee—another charity that funds Hamas. Arab Bank has handled transactions for the Holy Land Foundation, whose leaders now sit behind bars for financing terrorism. It has been the subject of American investigations, but the bank has consistently refused to turn over related documents to the U.S.
Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited: IBBL, Bangladesh’s biggest sharia bank, has handled Wahhabi accounts to propagate radical Islam since its inception. In 2011, the Bangladeshi home ministry intelligence revealed that 8 percent of the bank’s profits were diverted as corporate zakat to support jihad in Bangladesh. One of the men on IBBL’s board of sharia advisors was arrested in connection with a terrorist attack against Bangladeshi police officers. The U.S. Senate slammed British bank giant HSBC for maintaining relationships with IBBL despite evidence that it served terrorists like Shaikh Abdur Rahman of Jamatul Mujahideen Bangladesh and terror-funding Islamic charities like IIRO. The Senate’s report also implicated HSBC for disregarding evidence of terror financing at another Bangladeshi sharia bank with whom it worked: Social Islami Bank.
Bank Melli: The Iranian Islamic bank sent “at least $100 million to an Iranian Revolutionary Guard branch that supports Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and other terrorist groups, the Quds Force” between 2002-06.
Bank Saderat: Another major Iranian sharia finance house, the U.S. Treasury Department sanctioned the rocket-funding Bank Saderat, stating that “The bank is used by the Government of Iran to transfer money to terrorist organizations, including Hizballah, Hamas, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command and Palestinian Islamic Jihad. A notable example of this is a Hizballah-controlled organization that has received $50 million directly from Iran through Bank Saderat since 2001.”
Other culprits include Dubai Islamic Bank, which is active in both the U.A.E. and Pakistan, and Tadamon Islamic Bank.
So much for “ethical finance.” For further developments, please continue reading Money Jihad, Shariah Finance Watch, and @moneyjihad on Twitter.
Posted in Research | Tagged Al Rajhi Bank, Al Shamal Islamic Bank, Arab Bank PLC, Bangladesh, Bank Melli, Bank Saderat, banking, Dubai Islamic Bank, Hezbollah, Iran, Islami Bank Bangladesh, JMB, Jordan, National Commercial Bank, Osama bin Laden, Pakistan, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Saudi Arabia, Sharia finance, Social Islami Bank, Sudan, Tadamon Islamic Bank, terrorist financing, UAE, zakat | 26 Comments »
The 10 largest sharia banks in the world
The Lebanese-based Union of Arab Banks published a report last year naming the world’s ten biggest Islamic financial institutions:
Bank Country Assets
Al-Rajhi Saudi Arabia $49.2 billion
Kuwait Finance House Kuwait $43.7 billion
Dubai Islamic Bank U.A.E. $24.5 billion
Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank U.A.E. $20.5 billion
Al-Baraka Group Bahrain $15.8 billion
Qatar Islamic Bank Qatar $14.2 billion
Al-Rayyan Qatar $9.5 billion
Emirates Islamic Bank U.A.E. $8.9 billion
Al-Jazirah Saudi Arabia $8.8 billion
Al-Ahli United Bank Kuwait $8.5 billion
A few comments on the top three sharia banks: 1) Al Rajhi Bank has been sued for financing the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and was highlighted for its facilitation of terrorist financial transactions in the book Funding Evil by Dr. Rachel Ehrenfeld; 2) The Kuwait Finance House was a shareholder of Tadamon Bank, a financial institution that helped transfer funds for Osama bin Laden; and 3) BusinessWeek reported that “In 1999, U.S. intelligence agents reported that Dubai Islamic Bank in the United Arab Emirates was a conduit for bin Laden funds.”
Quite the group.
Posted in Charts & tables | Tagged Al Rajhi Bank, Dubai Islamic Bank, Kuwait Finance House, Osama bin Laden, Saudi Arabia, Sharia finance, terrorist financing, UAE | 2 Comments »
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TOR 4, BOS 5 Final
Gehrig? A-Rod? Rafael Devers Is In Insane Company After World Series Debut
by Mike Cole on Wed, Oct 24, 2018 at 8:59AM
Happy birthday, Rafael Devers.
The Boston Red Sox third baseman will be feeling pretty good when he wakes up Wednesday to celebrate his 22nd B-day, as he and his team are now three wins away from a World Series title.
That’s thanks in large part to Devers, who has been a tremendous postseason player for the Red Sox this fall. Before being lifted for a pinch-hitter in the seventh inning in Game 1 of the 2018 World Series, Devers went 1-for-2 with a walk and a run batted in the Red Sox’s 8-4 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers.
Devers is now hitting .364 in 11 career playoff games, and when he starts, he’s a run producer. Devers now has at least one RBI in each of his first eight career playoff games, tying a major league record.
To say he’s in some pretty good company would be an understatement.
Rafael Devers of the @RedSox is the first player ever to have an RBI in each of the first 8 playoff starts of his career.
His 8-start streak with an RBI is tied for the longest streak in playoff history (at any point in career), matching Lou Gehrig, Ryan Howard and A-Rod.
— Stats By STATS (@StatsBySTATS) October 24, 2018
Not bad.
There is, however, one record Devers won’t be able to break, though. The birthday boy fell just short of setting a new record for career postseason RBIs before turning 22. Devers now has 13 postseason RBIs in his young career, one short of the 14 runs driven in by former Atlanta Braves outfielder Andruw Jones before his own 22nd birthday.
Thumbnail photo via Bob DeChiara/USA TODAY Sports Images
Have Red Sox Fixed Craig Kimbrel Issues? Dodgers’ Swings Pointed To ‘Yes’
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Better science for better fisheries management
by Angela Herring May 19, 2014
This discovery could be the key to managing New England’s cod population
Here’s how mollusks that grow fat on a diet of rock might help us
She’s teaching future leaders how to stop climate change
Giant eels and rare penguins: Co-ops get a crash course in marine science
She’s studying the experiences of disability in the early United States
Here's how Northeastern is helping make Earth Day a happy one
Meet some coastal critters with the Marine Biology Club
This resource is an ocean science teacher’s dream come true
At RISE, students pursue invention and find themselves
Cod fishing in New England has steadily declined over the past three decades. It’s estimated that hundreds of people have lost their jobs as a result and that continued failure to rebuild the fishery could cost the region’s economy a total of $200 million, according to the New England Fishery Management Council.
But the big concern is really one of culture, according to Northeastern’s Jon Grabowski. “You’re talking about an iconic fishery. Cod has been fished in these waters going back hundreds and hundreds of years,” said Grabowski, an associate professor of marine and environmental science at the university’s Marine Science Center in Nahant, Massachusetts. “You can go back a thousand years to the Basques coming over to fish these historically really productive grounds,” he said.
Grabowski, has been working with other fisheries scientists as well as economists, social scientists, and policy makers to determine the best strategies for dealing with the all of the Northeast region’s fisheries that impact habitat, which includes cod, haddock, cusk, scallops, clams and other fish that live near the sea floor and are of significant socioeconomic value to the region.
In the first of a series of research articles produced by the PDT, Grabowski and his colleagues examine the vulnerability of groundfish habitats to various types of fishing gear. “We reviewed how all the different geological and biological components of habitat are affected by these different types of gear,” Grabowski said. The committee examined how easily these habitats can be damaged and how long it takes for them to recover.
They found that mobile fishing gear such as trawls and dredges that drag along the bottom cause more damage to areas inhabited by groundfish than stationary gear like traps and gillnets. They also found that larger geological features, such as cobble and boulders, are more susceptible to damage and take longer to recover than sand and mud—after all, some of these geological features have taken millennia to form.
The research, published online last month in the journal Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, uses these results to develop a framework that will provide fisheries managers a standardized method for identifying the most vulnerable habitats. Their work is being used as part of the Second Habitat Omnibus to inform redesigning the fishing closures on Georges Bank and in the Gulf of Maine.
“We worry most about the components of habitats that are highly susceptible to any of these gears and that have very long recovery times. Those are the kinds of persistent and severe impacts that we’d want to manage against,” Grabowski said. His research focuses on the many interconnecting arms of fisheries science and management.
Grabowski said there are many stakeholders involved when dealing with complex challenges like New England’s fishery problems. His approach focuses on interdisciplinary solutions to these challenges by examining not just the basic ecology of these species and their habitats, but also the ways in which the coastal communities are reacting to how fisheries are managed.
Grabowski compared himself to a cod—a generalist in the marine world—since he works across traditional institutional and sectorial boundaries to identify the best strategies and find ways to effectively implement them.
“At the end of the day,” Grabowski said, “if we really want to do something about sustainability, we must be doing the kinds of things that involve policy and help shape the way society self regulates.”
Science & Technology cod faculty fisheries interdisciplinary Marine Science Marine Science Center policy research sustainability
Angela Herring.
Jonathan Grabowski j.grabowski@neu.edu
Professor of Marine and Environmental Sciences
Although fisheries managers treat cod in the Gulf of Maine as a single population, the fish can be divided into two, genetically distinct subgroups. Researchers at Northeastern’s Marine Science Center have found that the unique behavior and lifecycles of these two groups may affect the growth of the species. .
by Laura Castañón June 23, 2019
Students on co-op at the New England Aquarium get to interact with fascinating ocean animals from around the world. But they have to put in a lot of hard work first.
by Laura Castañón May 28, 2019
Most biomedical research is done on male animals. That’s a public health problem.
According to 60 years of scientific research, when rats are scared, they freeze. Or at least, the male rats do.…
Ultrasounds have saved lives in the emergency room. They should be part of your annual physical, too.
When you have your annual physical exam, your doctor takes your blood pressure, listens to your heart and lungs, and…
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Maintaining His Craft
Wednesday, February 27, 2019 LTC Greg Heilshorn Around Town, Community, Military News and Accolades 0
Portrait of U.S. Air Force Tech. Sgt. Mark McCassin, assigned to the 157th Maintenance Squardon, New Hampshire Air National Guard, in front of a KC-135R Stratotanker, U.S. Air National Guard Photo/Tech. Sgt. Aaron Vezeau
PEASE AIR NATIONAL GUARD BASE, NH — Keeping an aging fleet of KC-135 Stratotankers flying is a passion for Tech Sgt. Mark McCassin, an assistant crew chief with the 157th Air Refueling Wing Aircraft Maintenance Squadron, NH Air National Guard. He is currently assigned to the oldest KC-135 aircraft in U.S. Air Force inventory.
The opportunity to travel was what initially attracted him to the position of crew chief.
At 31, McCassin has deployed seven times with the NH Air National Guard, with missions to Qatar, Guam, and Morón, Spain. Recently, he returned home from Qatar, where he spent four months working as an aircraft expediter, managing repairs on groups of aircraft.
“You get to travel the world while doing your job,” McCassin said. “Sometimes, it can be a smooth trip, where everything seems to go right, and sometimes you may end up hard broke [grounded for repairs]. That’s where your experience and knowledge come into play.
Shortly after graduating from Goffstown High School in 2005, McCassin left for basic military training. Since then, he’s been a full-time guardsman with the 157th ARW.
“I wanted to join the Guard so I could stay close to home and family,” McCassin said. “I had intended on being a straight weekender [traditional guardsman] and going to school full-time, but all of that changed once I became a fully-qualified crew chief. This job is very rewarding, and I really wanted to be a part of something greater than myself.”
A crew chief’s job includes generating aircraft, performing ground handling and servicing operations, and accomplishing day-to-day aircraft inspections.
“These daily preparations keep our jets in top shape,” McCassin said. “When the aircrews show up to fly, we can tell them with full confidence that the jet is good-to-go and they are in safe hands.”
McCassin aspires to reach the rank of chief master sergeant with the Aircraft Maintenance Group, taking the opportunity to learn all he can from his senior non-commissioned officers. “I’ve had the privilege to work with some outstanding people here—people who have mentored me and helped me. Without them, I wouldn’t be the NCO I am today.”
Master Sgt. John Bober, a fellow crew chief who has worked alongside McCassin since the start of his career, praised the skills he brings to team.
“I have traveled all over the world with Mark and have been impressed with his work ethic, always putting the aircraft and mission first,” Bober said. “Mark is one of our go-to guys to get the job done, and done correctly. It’s very assuring to the group when he is tasked with special projects.”
Senior Master Sgt. Richard Booker, McCassin’s supervisor, echoed similar sentiments, adding that he is a true problem solver who takes lot of pride in the military, and in maintaining their assigned aircraft.
Military service has been a tradition for the McCassin family. His grandfather flew in B-17s during World War ll, and his father, retired Master Sgt. John McCassin, worked for aircraft maintenance at Pease.
After his last deployment, McCassin is ready to spend quality time with his family. “Four months was the longest I’ve been away, so just being with them and spending time with them was the greatest thing I could ask for,” he said. Now residing in Manchester with his wife, McCassin has extended family close by in Goffstown and South Berwick, Maine.
Like a true New Englander, he enjoys rooting for New England sports teams and spending time on the seacoast. “I’m a huge Pats fan,” he said. “Sundays in the fall and winter are always filled with family and friends cheering them on. In the summer, we head out to the seacoast on weekends to go striper fishing.”
The upcoming months for McCassin will have both its challenges and rewards. Pease is in the process of divesting its fleet of eight KC-135s by sending them to refueling units around the country. The older tankers will be replaced with the KC-46 Pegasus later this year.
“It’s a bitter-sweet moment,” McCassin said. “We’ve had tankers here for years and there’s a ton of history at Pease with the 135s. These jets are starting to show their age and everyday can be challenging. With the KC-46 coming, I’m personally excited to be a part of something new. A new mission and a new weapons systems means new experiences, which is exciting.”
Bar Harbor Bank & Trust offers scholarship for graduating high school seniors
Art Talk with wildlife artist Rosemary Conroy March 3 at LaBelle Winery
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Wishart Siding Fettlers Mess
The Fettlers Mess is within a precinct that comprises three houses and their outbuildings.
They were built to accommodate track maintenance workers on the North Australian Railway from Pine Creek to Katherine. The Mess building is the oldest, constructed in 1915 (although some reports suggest it is older) and modified sometime between 1946 and 1949.
The building is a highly significant structure historically and architecturally. It is timber-framed with corrugated galvanised iron with sun control and ventilation devices designed especially for the North Australia climate. The building is an excellent representation of its type and is named in honour of W. Wishart, the contractor who built the first railway jetty at Palmerston (Darwin).
Section 2646 Hundred of Strangways 1005 Stuart Highway, McMinns Lagoon., Mcminns Lagoon, Northern Territory, 0822, Australia
Caters for people with sufficient mobility to climb a few steps but who would benefit from fixtures to aid balance. (This includes people using walking frames and mobility aids) Caters for people who are deaf or have hearing loss. Caters for people who are blind or have vision loss.
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Where two or more avatars are gathered …
Pastor’s dissertation explores attending church via virtual reality
Rev. John Kay of Kavanaugh UMC in Greenville is peering into the future of the church and virtual reality.
What he sees are more inclusive services and ways to attract new members, especially 18- to 35-year-olds, to The United Methodist Church.
Rev. Kay recently earned his doctorate from the University of Texas at Dallas. His dissertation, “Virtual Environments as Communication Technologies of Faith,” explores whether virtual reality and variations of it “could communicate dimensions of the Christian faith that earlier technologies could not convey or convey as well.”
Virtual reality, or VR, is an immersive technology that makes game players or other users feel like they are someplace else. Wearing a VR headset, a person gets the sensation of, say, touring through a house, slipping around its furniture, hearing the sounds from the street and, in some cases, picking up objects. It can feel so real that the wearer may be startled by bumping into the couch in his or her actual home.
Rev. Kay visited eight virtual environment labs — virtual environment includes virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality and virtual simulations — across the U.S.
“Video games are virtual environment. Most of those are shoot-’em-up games — I couldn’t care less about those. I learned about positive uses for these technologies,” he said.
Among the labs he toured, he was inspired by a project at the University of Texas at San Antonio, which created a VR walk to raise money for multiple sclerosis research. The professor in charge, who has MS, wanted to create a technology through which MS patients at home could join in the walk around AT&T Center, where the San Antonio Spurs play basketball.
Using a microphone and headphones, they could communicate with each other in VR as they took part in the walk, “all from the comfort of their own bedroom,” he said.
From his research, Rev. Kay came up with two ideas for the UMC: SUMMA SERVE and the Virtual Faith-Explorer. Here’s how they work.
SUMMA SERVE: For his dissertation, Rev. Kay proposed North Raleigh UMC in Raleigh, N.C., as the setting for a traditional service in virtual reality. “Congregants who are physically there would participate,” appearing as avatars to people who have donned their VR gear and logged in from home. “They would be doing worship together, except for communion,” he said. He envisions churches scheduling a time for VR services, such as 5:30 p.m. on Saturdays. “Potentially, the online congregation could grow to reach hundreds or thousands of new people,” the dissertation says.
VIRTUAL FAITH-EXPLORER: Rev. Kay envisions an evangelistic website where people could see a list of religions and experience them in a low-pressure way. The site “would allow religious faiths to meet 18- to 35-year-olds where these young adults are: in front of a screen,” his dissertation says. The visitor clicking on the United Methodist link would be welcomed by a virtual agent, a computer-generated character powered by artificial intelligence. The virtual agent might ask the visitor to “follow me down the hallway” to a classroom to learn about the faith and then to a worship service. The technology would “serve as an evangelistic tool that would not leave people in cyberspace but would help them to find a local congregation in the physical world and encourage their involvement in that grounded house of worship,” the dissertation says.
Published: Tuesday, December 5, 2017
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Coulounieix-Chamiers Hotels
Coulounieix-Chamiers Hotel Accommodation
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If you're looking to discover somewhere new, look no further than Coulounieix-Chamiers. Whether you're planning to stay for a night or for the week, the area around Coulounieix-Chamiers has accommodations to fit every need. Search for hotels in Coulounieix-Chamiers with Hotels.com by checking our online map. Our map displays the areas and neighborhoods around all Coulounieix-Chamiers hotels so you can see how close you are from landmarks and attractions, and then refine your search within the larger area. The best Coulounieix-Chamiers hotel deals are here with our lowest price guarantee.
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• 14 4-star accommodations from NZD 109 per night
How to Get to Coulounieix-Chamiers
Flights to Coulounieix-Chamiers
• Perigueux (PGX), 6.5 mi (10.4 km) from central Coulounieix-Chamiers
• Bergerac (EGC-Bergerac - Perigord - Dordogne), 25.1 mi (40.5 km) from central Coulounieix-Chamiers
Things to See and Do in Coulounieix-Chamiers
Things to See near Coulounieix-Chamiers:
• Cathedrale St-Front (2.2 mi/3.5 km from the city center)
• Place de la Clautre (2.1 mi/3.4 km from the city center)
• Tour de Vésone (1.7 mi/2.7 km from the city center)
• Jardin des Arenes (1.8 mi/2.8 km from the city center)
• Ville Renaissance (2.1 mi/3.4 km from the city center)
Things to Do near Coulounieix-Chamiers:
• Perigueux Golf Club (2.3 mi/3.7 km from the city center)
• Military Museum (2.1 mi/3.3 km from the city center)
• Museum of Art and Archeology of Perigord (2.3 mi/3.7 km from the city center)
• Musee Gallo-Romain (1.6 mi/2.6 km from the city center)
• Hôtel d’Abzac de Ladouze (2.1 mi/3.3 km from the city center)
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> Home > ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives
∞ https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8d50r4v/
Finding Aid to the Paul Johnson Papers on Christianity and Gays Coll2014.062
Coll2014.062
Contact ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives
Conditions Governing Use
Contributing Institution: ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives, USC Libraries, University of Southern California
Title: Paul Johnson papers on Christianity and gays
creator: Johnson, Paul R. (Paul Robert)
Identifier/Call Number: Coll2014.062
Physical Description: 0.1 Linear Feet 1 folder
Abstract: Fliers, pamphlets, and press releases on the topic of Christianity and gays, along with limited correspondence from author and Pastor Paul R. Johnson. Johnson was the author of numerous pamphlets and books while serving as a pastor in Georgia, Illinois, New Jersey, and Washington, before settling in Southern California.
Paul Robert Johnson, author of numerous pamphlets and self-published books, has served as a pastor in churches in Georgia, Illinois, New Jersey, and Washington. After relocating to Southern California he served on the Board of Directors of H.E.L.P., Incorporated and as the Information Director at the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Community Services Center. He served as Director of Information at the Orange County Center and was on the staff of Drummer and Vector Magazine. His articles appeared in The Advocate, The Forum, Newswest, The Sun, and other newspapers and magazines. In 1991 Johnson began his service on the board of Evangelists Together. He also served as the chairperson of the Board of Gabians, director of the Fidelity Speakers Program, and debated Greg Branson on the Crawford Christian Radio Network.
Johnson taught classes, authored, and self-published books on the topic of Christianity and gays including The Gay and the Bible, Homosex Pro and Con, Gays and the Bible, Gays and the New Right, New Standard Bible, New Standard Bible, Ancient Answers to Modern Gay Problems, Homosexuality and the Biblical Text, and The Song of Songs.
The collection is open to researchers. There are no access restrictions.
All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the ONE Archivist. Permission for publication is given on behalf of ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives at USC Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained.
Gift of Paul R. Johnson, undated correspondence.
[Box #, Folder#] Paul Johnson Papers on Christianity and Gays, Coll2014-062, ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives, USC Libraries, University of Southern California.
Collection processed by Michael C. Oliveira, September 2014.
Fliers, pamphlets, and press releases on the topic of Christianity and gays, along with limited correspondence from author and Pastor Paul R. Johnson.
Homosexuality -- Religious aspects -- Christianity.
Homosexuality in the Bible.
Johnson, Paul R. (Paul Robert)
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Making a master coach: the Pete Hovland story
Oakland swimming and diving head coach Pete Hovland coached the men's swim and dive team to its 28th consecutive conference title and the women's to its 23rd straight.
Ally Racey
Filed under Sports, Sports / Mens, Sports / Mens / Swimming Diving, Sports / Womens, Sports / Womens / Swimming Diving
From coaching Oakland men’s swimming and diving to its 38th-straight league title and the women to their 23rd-straight league title, to being named to the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame Class of 2016, Oakland swimming and diving head coach Pete Hovland has had a successful week.
Hovland will join some of Michigan’s most respected sports icons in the Hall of Fame class including Derek Jeter, Ben Wallace, Brendan Shanahan and Chris Osgood.
“I was really surprised when I got the call from the Hall of Fame,” Hovland said.
“There was kind of a [pause] and [the man on the phone] said, ‘Are you still there?’”
Hovland is humbled and honored by this recognition.
“I never thought that when I came here that something like this could possibly ever happen in my lifetime,” he said.
“It hasn’t totally sunk in yet.”
West Coast beginnings
Hovland grew up in sunny California, where he joined a YMCA swim team. The program eventually merged with the Santa Clara Swim Club.
“At one time we probably had eight or 10 Olympians coming from the Santa Clara Swim Club, so I was influenced very heavily,” Hovland said.
Hovland was recruited by Dr. Ernest Maglischo to swim at California State University, Chico, aka Chico State.
Maglischo coached swim for 35 years and coached 13 NCAA Division II national championship teams.
“We won four NCAA team championships while I was there. We were one of the best of the best,” Hovland said.
Hovland said the reason he has been so consistent over the years is Maglischo.
“I was fortunate to have an opportunity to swim for him,” Hovland said.
“I learned a lot from him. It wasn’t just your typical coach/athlete relationship. He really taught all of us a lot about the sport.”
Hovland said it was almost like taking a class on swim theory.
Maglischo’s influence helped Hovland become a 23-time All-American conference coach of the year.
“He’s the main reason I decided to pursue a career in college coaching,” he said.
Maglischo became an Oakland swimming coach for the 1979-80 season, and needed an assistant coach.
He called Hovland, who was finishing up his graduate work at the University of Northern Iowa.
“I said, ‘When do you need me?’” Hovland said. “And he said, ‘I needed you yesterday.’”
Hovland closed out his 37th year as Oakland University’s head swimming and diving coach on a good note.
On the final day of the Horizon League Swimming and Diving Championship, Feb. 27, the men’s team claimed its 38th consecutive league title and the women recorded their 23rd-straight league title.
Hovland said he tried to emulate a lot of things that Maglischo does.
“I don’t profess to be nearly as smart as he is, but he did instill in me a lot of things about the sport and I try to instill that in my athletes to give them an advantage,” he said.
“It’s more than just training them,” Hovland said. “It’s teaching them and educating them.”
He said the program has been fortunate over the years.
“We’ve found some really, really amazing individuals and some really highly motivated and some really bright and talented individuals,” Hovland said.
The team trains all year round. They even have a countdown to the next Horizon League Championship, which ended a little over a week ago.
As the team prepares for the NCAA Zone C Diving meet on March 10-12, Hovland reflected on his past and present years at Oakland.
“[The team] is a big part of my life personally and professionally,” he said. “They’ve become part of my family.”
“My wife and I don’t have kids of our own,” Hovland said, “but when people ask I say, ‘No, but I have 57 18-to-22-year-olds.’”
Hovland’s number-one goal as a coach is to help the student athletes become all-around successful people. He said it’s more than just the four hours spent at practice. It’s also about trying to help the athletes become better students and citizens.
Not only does the team represent the swimming and diving program, Hovland said, but they also represent Oakland University as a whole.
“The swimming might be the hook that brings you to Oakland,” he said, “but Oakland is going to be the big prize.”
Tags: california, california state university chico, chico state, dr ernest maglischo, hall of fame, horizon league swimming and diving championship, michigan sports hall of fame, ncaa zone c diving meet, oakland swimming and diving, pete hovland, santa clara swim club, ymca
Former soccer star enlists in Peace Corps
Oakland basketball adapts after transfer-filled summer
Steve Waterfield — a year in review
Ben Fielder hired as new associate athletic director for development
New Grizz Gang e-board looks to grow
The Sporting Blitz: April 10
Baseball wins 12-5 against Milwaukee, splits doubleheader
The Sporting Blitz: March 31
Chanel Gardner profile
Club Sports profile: Fencing Club
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Transit Use in Emergency Evacuations Under Study
A National Research Council committee is holding its second meeting today and tomorrow in Washington, D.C., as it studies how well U.S. public transit can move people to or from critical locations during emergencies in the 38 largest urbanized areas. A report to Congress will be this 20-month project's end result; participants at this meeting are scheduled to include John Benison, chief of the Policy Division in DOT's Office of Civil Rights; Joseph Kammerman, the Washington, D.C. department of transportation's homeland security coordinator; and Brian Wolshon, associate professor in Louisiana State University's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
The committee is hearing from public safety planners, national security coordinators, and representatives for the disabled; its initial meeting took place in November 2006. The project, which began April 20, 2006, is sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration and the Transit Cooperative Research Program. Visit http://www8.nationalacademies.org/cp/projectview.aspx?key=48703 for information about project.
The committee's members include Chairman Richard A. White, executive vice president and director of Project Development at DMJM Harris and former general manager and CEO of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority; Dr. Evelyn Blumenberg, associate professor of Urban Planning in the Department of Planning at UCLA's School of Public Affairs; Roosevelt Bradley, director of Miami-Dade Transit; Kenneth A. Brown, director of Risk Assessment and Fire Safety in the Office of System Safety at New York City Transit; Frederick C. Goodine, assistant general manager of the Department of System Safety Risk Management at WMATA; and Andrew Velasquez III, executive director of the City of Chicago's Office of Emergency Management and Communications.
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Home ▶ Vol 84, No 1 (2017) ▶ Horak
Ivan G. Horak
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Christiaan R. Boshoff
Wild Game, Gravelotte, South Africa
David V. Cooper
EKZN Wildlife, St Lucia, South Africa
Christoper M. Foggin
Victoria Falls Wildlife Trust, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
Danny Govender
Scientific Services, SANParks, Skukuza, South Africa
Alan Harrison
Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Guy Hausler
Veterinary Wildlife Services, SANParks, Skukuza, South Africa
Markus Hofmeyr
J. Werner Kilian
Okuakuejo Rest Camp, Etosha National Park, Namibia
Duncan N. MacFadyen
Department of Research and Conservation, E Oppenheimer & Son, South Africa
Pierre J. Nel
Department of Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs, Bloemfontein, South Africa
Dean Peinke
Eastern Cape Parks & Tourism Agency, East London, South Africa
David Squarre
Wildlife Veterinary Unit, Zambia Wildlife Authority, Zambia
David Zimmermann
Veterinary Wildlife Services, SANParks, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Horak, I.G., Boshoff, C.R., Cooper, D.V., Foggin, C.M., Govender, D., Harrison, A. et al., 2017, ‘Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLIX. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting white and black rhinoceroses in southern Africa’, Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 84(1), a1301. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v84i1.1301
Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLIX. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting white and black rhinoceroses in southern Africa
Ivan G. Horak, Christiaan R. Boshoff, David V. Cooper, Christoper M. Foggin, Danny Govender, Alan Harrison, Guy Hausler, Markus Hofmeyr, J. Werner Kilian, Duncan N. MacFadyen, Pierre J. Nel, Dean Peinke, David Squarre, David Zimmermann
Received: 22 June 2016; Accepted: 05 Aug. 2016; Published: 30 Jan. 2017
Copyright: © 2017. The Author(s). Licensee: AOSIS.
The objectives of the study were to determine the species composition of ticks infesting white and black rhinoceroses in southern Africa as well as the conservation status of those tick species that prefer rhinos as hosts. Ticks were collected opportunistically from rhinos that had been immobilised for management purposes, and 447 white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) and 164 black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) were sampled in South Africa, 61 black rhinos in Namibia, 18 white and 12 black rhinos in Zimbabwe, and 24 black rhinos in Zambia. Nineteen tick species were recovered, of which two species, Amblyomma rhinocerotis and Dermacentor rhinocerinus, prefer rhinos as hosts. A. rhinocerotis was collected only in the north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal reserves of South Africa and is endangered, while D. rhinocerinus is present in these reserves as well as in the Kruger National Park and surrounding conservancies. Eight of the tick species collected from the rhinos are ornate, and seven species are regularly collected from cattle. The species present on rhinos in the eastern, moister reserves of South Africa were amongst others Amblyomma hebraeum, A. rhinocerotis, D. rhinocerinus, Rhipicephalus maculatus, Rhipicephalus simus and Rhipicephalus zumpti, while those on rhinos in the Karoo and the drier western regions, including Namibia, were the drought-tolerant species, Hyalomma glabrum, Hyalomma rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum and Rhipicephalus gertrudae. The species composition of ticks on rhinoceroses in Zambia differed markedly from those of the other southern African countries in that Amblyomma sparsum, Amblyomma tholloni and Amblyomma variegatum accounted for the majority of infestations.
Historically white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) were present from South Africa in the south to the coastal regions of north-eastern Africa in the north (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). However, with the arrival of European settlers in southern Africa, as well as hunters, naturalists and travellers, the numbers of white rhinos in this region rapidly dwindled. Towards the end of the 19th century the last white rhinos were shot in Zimbabwe and Botswana, while in South Africa their numbers had declined to approximately 20–50 animals in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal. The proclamation of the Hluhluwe and Imfolozi Game Reserves in 1895 and the Mkuze Game Reserve in 1912 in KwaZulu-Natal is considered to have rescued them from extinction in South Africa (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Their numbers have steadily increased since then and in 1961 the Natal Parks Board initiated a project on the relocation of rhinoceroses from the reserves under its control to the Kruger National Park and other state and provincially controlled reserves, as well as to privately owned reserves lying within the rhinos’ former distribution range. Although the number of white rhinos in South Africa now exceeds 18 000, the ever-increasing rate at which they are being poached may soon surpass their birth rate.
The numbers of black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) declined as rapidly as those of white rhinoceroses. From a situation in which they were present on the slopes of Table Mountain in 1652, to where the proclamation of the Hluhluwe, Imfolozi and Mkuze game reserves in KwaZulu-Natal rescued them from extinction in this country (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Numbers on the continent are believed to have declined from approximately 100 000 in the early 1960s to only 2410 in 1995. Since then careful management and relocations have seen their numbers on the continent increase to 4880 by the end of 2010 (Cumming, Du Toit & Stuart 1990; Knight, Balfour & Emslie 2013), with most present in the north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal reserves, the Kruger National Park and the Etosha National Park.
Both rhinoceros species are infested with a greater array of ornate ixodid ticks than any other mammal species in East and southern Africa. Most of these are brightly coloured members of the genus Amblyomma, and include Amblyomma eburneum, Amblyomma gemma, Amblyomma hebraeum, Amblyomma personatum, Amblyomma rhinocerotis, Amblyomma sparsum, Amblyomma tholloni and Amblyomma variegatum. Rhinos also harbour Dermacentor rhinocerinus, an ornate tick that is for all practical purposes a specific parasite of these animals. They are also infested by three of the four Rhipicephalus species that are ornate, Rhipicephalus humeralis, Rhipicephalus maculatus and Rhipicephalus pulchellus.
A number of tick surveys conducted in Africa have included rhinoceroses amongst various other animal species sampled. Collections made from black rhinoceroses in Tanzania yielded 18 tick species, including six species in the genus Amblyomma as well as D. rhinocerinus, and two ornate Rhipicephalus spp. (Yeoman & Walker 1967). Twenty-one tick species were identified in collections from black rhinoceroses in Kenya; these included seven Amblyomma spp., D. rhinocerinus and three ornate Rhipicephalus spp. (Walker 1974). Ten tick species were present in collections made from white and black rhinoceroses in Zimbabwe, and three Amblyomma spp. and D. rhinocerinus were recovered (Norval 1983; Norval & Colborne 1985). In a checklist of ticks that infest large mammals in the KwaZulu-Natal reserves in South Africa, 11 species were reported on rhinoceroses, these included three Amblyomma spp. (one of them doubtful), D. rhinocerinus and R. maculatus (Baker & Keep 1970). Collections from two white and four black rhinoceroses sampled at various localities in South Africa yielded nine tick species, including A. hebraeum, D. rhinocerinus and R. maculatus (Knapp et al. 1997).
It is generally not realised that should rhinoceroses go extinct, a multitude of smaller creatures will also disappear. Amongst these are the rhinoceros-specific ticks, A. personatum, A. rhinocerotis, Cosmiomma hippopotamensis and D. rhinocerinus, the flies Rhinomusca dutoiti, Rhinomusca brucei and Gyrostigma rhinocerontis, as well as a horde of rhino-specific nematodes and an even greater number of commensal protozoal species. The extinction of rhinos will thus destroy a whole ecosystem of parasites and commensals.
With the exception of the study by Knapp et al. (1997), no surveys devoted solely to rhinoceroses and the ticks that infest them have been conducted in southern Africa. The objective of the present investigation is to address this shortcoming. As a consequence, a number of surveys aimed at determining the species composition of ticks that infest these animals in the sub-continent were initiated.
Participants in the study collected ticks opportunistically from rhinoceroses immobilised for management purposes. Particular attention was paid to the ears, the axilla, inner thighs, peri-anal region and the tail brush. Although this collection procedure represented the ideal, any ticks collected from rhinos were included in the study. More detailed or complete collections were not possible because of the time these would take, causing additional anaesthetic stress on the animals. Ticks collected from each rhino were placed in separate bottles or plastic vials containing 70% ethyl alcohol or undiluted methylated spirits. A label written in pencil, indicating the rhino’s species, its name or identity (if known), gender, the date, the locality at which it was immobilised and the identity of the person responsible for collecting ticks, was placed with the ticks in the bottle or vial. This was not always possible, and several labels were attached to the outside of the containers. The ticks were identified and counted using a stereoscopic microscope.
The identities and total numbers of adult ticks collected from white and black rhinoceroses across southern Africa are summarised in tabular format. They are also tabulated according to the regions in which they were collected from rhinos within South Africa. A separate table has been created for ticks collected in Namibia, Zimbabwe and Tanzania. The regional distributions of the 19 tick species collected from rhinoceroses in southern Africa are represented in a mosaic format.
The conservation status of the ticks that prefer rhinos as hosts and the introduction of ticks into non-endemic habitats or reintroduction into endemic habitats are discussed, as is the role of rhinos as maintenance hosts of ticks that are vectors of diseases of domestic livestock or wildlife species.
No rhinos were immobilised for the sole purpose of collecting ticks. Collection was incidental to other management procedures necessitating immobilisation.
The tick species recovered from a total of 465 white and 261 black rhinoceroses across southern Africa, and the number of animals infested with each species are summarised in Table 1. Twelve tick species, including the nymphs of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, were collected from white rhinoceroses, with A. hebraeum present in the majority of collections, followed by D. rhinocerinus, Hyalomma truncatum and Hyalomma rufipes. Sixteen species were recovered from black rhinoceroses, and A. hebraeum was the most commonly collected tick, followed by H. rufipes and H. truncatum. The two rhino species harboured ten tick species in common.
TABLE 1: Ixodid ticks collected from white and black rhinoceroses in southern Africa.
The species and numbers of ticks collected from 303 white rhinoceroses in the Kruger National Park and surrounding conservancies and from nine black rhinoceroses in the park, as well as those collected from 49 white rhinos and 20 black rhinos in the north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal reserves, are summarised in Table 2 and the regions in which the ticks were collected are represented in Figure 1. Five species were collected from white rhinos and four from black rhinos in the Kruger National Park. Amblyomma hebraeum was present in the majority of collections made from either rhino species, followed by D. rhinocerinus. Three white rhinos were infested with A. tholloni, a tick whose adults prefer elephants as hosts.
TABLE 2: Ixodid ticks collected from rhinoceroses in the Kruger National Park and surrounding conservancies, and in the north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal reserves.
FIGURE 1: The regional distribution of ticks that infest rhinoceroses in southern Africa.
Five tick species were recovered from the white rhinos in the KwaZulu-Natal reserves and six from the black rhinos. Amblyomma hebraeum was present in the majority of collections followed by R. maculatus on both white and black rhinos, while some animals of both species were infested with the rhinoceros specific ticks A. rhinocerotis and D. rhinocerinus (Figure 1).
The tick species collected from rhinoceroses in the Free State, Northern Cape province, North West province, western Limpopo province, and the central and south-eastern region of the Limpopo province and north-eastern Gauteng are summarised in Table 3. Hyalomma rufipes and H. truncatum were the most frequently collected ticks from both rhino species in the Free State and Northern Cape. The collections of A. hebraeum from white rhinoceroses in the Free State were made from animals that had recently been introduced into the province from regions in which the tick was present and do not represent established populations. Most white rhinos in eastern North West province and western Limpopo province were infested with A. hebraeum, and it was the only species collected from black rhinoceroses.
TABLE 3: Ixodid ticks collected from rhinoceroses in the Free State, Northern Cape province, north-western parks and central region of two northern provinces of South Africa.
Ticks were also collected from a dead white rhinoceros originating from a reserve in the southern central region of Limpopo province and presented for necropsy at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Pretoria University, Onderstepoort. Because it was dead, considerably more ticks were collected from it than from other white rhinos that were temporarily immobilised. Ticks were also collected from eight white rhinos in the south-eastern region of Limpopo province and two animals in north-eastern Gauteng. We consider all these animals to have come from the central region of two of the northern provinces of South Africa and the numbers and species of ticks collected from them are summarised in Table 3. In addition to A. hebraeum and H. rufipes, they harboured Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and Rhipicephalus follis and the dead animal was infested with a large number of Rhipicephalus simus. Three of the eleven animals were infested with seven nymphs of R. appendiculatus.
The species and numbers of ticks collected from rhinoceroses in the Great Fish River Nature Reserve and the Addo Elephant National Park in the Eastern Cape province, and the Mountain Zebra and the Karoo National Parks are summarised in Table 4. All but one of the black rhinoceroses examined in the Eastern Cape province were infested with A. hebraeum, and a substantial number of collections of R. follis and particularly R. simus were also made. The rather rare species, Rhipicephalus zumpti, was also present. Four of the black rhinoceroses examined in the Mountain Zebra and Karoo National Parks were infested with Hyalomma glabrum and five with H. truncatum and R. follis.
TABLE 4: Ixodid ticks collected from black rhinoceroses in the Great Fish River Nature Reserve and the Addo Elephant National Park, Eastern Cape province, and the Mountain Zebra and Karoo National Parks.
The tick species collected from black rhinoceroses in three regions of Namibia are summarised in Table 5. The rhinos in the Etosha National Park were infested with H. rufipes and H. truncatum, the Damaraland rhinos with H. rufipes and one animal with the very rare Rhipicephalus longiceps, while the rhinos in the Hardap Nature Reserve harboured H. rufipes, H. truncatum and Rhipicephalus gertrudae, an assemblage of ticks fairly similar to that on white and black rhinoceroses in the Free State and Northern Cape provinces (Figure 1).
TABLE 5: Ixodid ticks collected from rhinoceroses in Namibia, Zimbabwe and Zambia.
The results of collections from rhinos in the Malilangwe reserve in south-eastern Zimbabwe are summarised in Table 5. All the animals were infested with A. hebraeum. A single collection of A. tholloni was made from a black rhinoceros.
The tick species present on black rhinoceroses examined in the North Luangwa National Park in Northern province differed substantially from those of the other southern African animals (Table 5). Amblyomma sparsum was the dominant species with all but one animal being infested. A number of collections of A. tholloni and A. variegatum were also made (Figure 1). The Zambian rhinos had originally come from the Kruger National Park, Marakele National Park and the KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape parks.
Amblyomma gemma
The only rhinos infested with A. gemma were those examined in Zambia (Figure 1). Neither Theiler (1962) nor Walker and Olwage (1987) include Zambia within the distribution range of A. gemma. In neighbouring Tanzania, its distribution is almost entirely limited to semi-arid bush and thicket and by rainfall between 38 mm and 76 mm, with a few records close to the north-eastern border of Zambia (Yeoman & Walker 1967). Its collection now from a black rhinoceros in Northern province, Zambia is possibly a new locality record.
The preferred hosts of the adults of A. gemma are large domestic and wild herbivores (Theiler 1962; Walker 1974; Yeoman & Walker 1967). Yeoman and Walker (1967) record collections from four of eight rhinoceroses examined in Tanzania, and Walker (1974) reports collections from 28 of 54 black rhinoceroses sampled in Kenya. Considering that only one of the 24 rhinoceroses examined in Zambia was infested, it may imply that the distribution of A. gemma in northern Zambia is tenuous, or that collections were made during the wrong season. Nymphs have been recovered from helmeted guineafowls and Cape hares (Yeoman & Walker 1967).
Amblyomma hebraeum is present along the southern and eastern seaboard of South Africa, from approximately Port Elizabeth in the west to southern Mozambique in the east. It also occurs in the northern provinces of South Africa, south-eastern Botswana, and southern and north-western Zimbabwe (Walker & Olwage 1987). The collections from rhinos in the north-eastern, eastern and south-eastern regions of South Africa and south-east Zimbabwe (Figure 1) all lie within its known geographical distribution range (Norval 1983; Spickett 2013; Walker & Olwage 1987). It has been introduced into the Grassland biome of Free State province on white rhinoceroses but is unlikely to survive there (Horak et al. 2015). However, should it be introduced into the Savanna biome in the north of the same province its establishment there is a distinct possibility.
The adults of this brightly coloured tick infest cattle, sheep and goats as well as the larger wildlife species, while its immature stages infest the same hosts as the adults, but also hares, the larger ground frequenting birds and tortoises (Dower, Petney & Horak 1988; Horak, Golezardy & Uys 2007; Horak et al. 1987). In Zimbabwe, Norval (1983) recorded A. hebraeum in 15 of 19 tick collections made from white rhinoceroses, and in the present survey the 30 rhinoceroses examined in that country were all infested. The large proportion of rhinos that were infested in most of the regions in which A. hebraeum occurs, as well as the large numbers of adult ticks that have been collected from rhinos when total collections were made (Knapp et al. 1997), is a clear indication that rhinos must be considered as one of the preferred hosts of this species.
Amblyomma hebraeum is the most effective vector of Ehrlichia ruminatium, the causative organism of heartwater in cattle, sheep and goats and some wildlife species (Norval & Horak 2004). It is also the vector of Rickettsia africae, the causative organism of African tick bite fever in humans (Kelly 2001).
Amblyomma rhinocerotis
The first two ticks with a South African origin to be described were Amblyomma rhinocerotis and Amblyomma sylvaticum. Amblyomma rhinocerotis had been collected from a rhinoceros at the Cape of Good Hope and A. sylvaticum from angulate tortoises, and both were described by De Geer in 1778. By all accounts, the adults of A. rhinocerotis are host-specific parasites of white and black rhinoceroses, and were probably present on these animals in the coastal and wooded inland regions from Cape Town in the south-west to the Kruger National Park in the north-east of South Africa. However, by the turn of the 19th century A. rhinocerotis and its hosts possibly only survived in the north-eastern region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Subsequent to the review on the ticks infesting larger wildlife in the KwaZulu-Natal reserves by Baker and Keep in 1970, there have been no reports, until now, of its presence in South Africa. In Zimbabwe, Duncan (1989) visually estimated that there were between 100 and 500 or more adult A. rhinocerotis on 16 of 18 black rhinoceroses prior to their treatment with an acaricide and relocation from the Zambezi Valley to safer habitats in the centre of the country. There have been no subsequent reports of its occurrence in that country. In their review of the ixodid ticks which they believe to be endangered, Mihalca, Gherman and Cozma (2011) regard A. rhinocerotis as ‘critically endangered’ if black rhinoceroses were its only hosts within a particular region, whereas on white rhinoceroses it is ‘near threatened’.
Despite numerous translocations of rhinos from the north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal reserves, A. rhinocerotis has failed to become established elsewhere, perhaps because rhinos are treated with an acaricide before translocation. Its precarious survival even in the KwaZulu-Natal reserves is highlighted by the fact that only 11 of the 69 rhinoceroses examined there were infested and that only 18 male and 12 female ticks were collected. Not one of the 303 white or 9 black rhinoceroses examined in the Kruger National Park was infested, nor any of the 96 black rhinoceroses in the Eastern Cape and Karoo (Figure 1). Some of the latter animals were examined in the Albany Thicket Biome, a habitat possibly suitable for the survival of the tick. Nor were any of the rhinos examined in Namibia, Zimbabwe or Zambia infested.
Amblyomma sparsum
Walker and Olwage (1987) have plotted the overall distribution of A. sparsum with most records coming from Tanzania and Kenya, some from northern and north-western Zimbabwe and a single record from south-eastern Zambia. According to Theiler and Salisbury (1959), there is an isolated record of A. sparsum from Grootfontein, Namibia. Walker (1991) elaborates on this record, stating that it was a male tick collected by a Government Veterinary Officer in 1933. No subsequent collections have been made, and we now believe A. sparsum to be extinct in Namibia.
The adults of A. sparsum infest two remarkably different groups of hosts. The one group comprises tortoises, monitor lizards and the larger species of snakes and the other rhinoceroses and buffaloes (Walker 1974; Yeoman & Walker 1967). Norval (1983) recorded a total of 619 male and 175 female A. sparsum in collections from 66 black rhinoceroses in north-western Zimbabwe, and Duncan (1989) visually estimated there to be between 10 and 50 ticks on 16 of 18 rhinoceroses he examined in the same region. The collection now of A. sparsum from 23 of 24 black rhinoceroses in North Luangwa National Park, Zambia indicates that it is well established there (Figure 1).
Norval and MacKenzie (1981) successfully transmitted E. ruminantium to sheep by means of A. sparsum nymphs that had fed as larvae on an infected sheep. However, transmission via adult ticks that had fed either as larvae or as nymphs on infected sheep, failed.
Amblyomma tholloni
According to Walker and Olwage (1987), the distribution of A. tholloni is linked to that of its preferred host, the African elephant, Loxodonta africana in southern, East, and Central Africa, as well as in some of the southern countries in West Africa. Sixteen collections of A. tholloni were made from elephants in the Kruger National Park during the present survey, while in Zimbabwe all 29 elephants and 22 of 24 hippopotamuses examined for ticks, were infested (Norval 1983). The recovery of A. tholloni from three white rhinoceroses in the Kruger National Park, a single black rhinoceros in Zimbabwe and 14 black rhinoceroses in Zambia, implies that it may use rhinos as alternative hosts to elephants and hippopotamuses. Mihalca et al. (2011) list A. tholloni as coendangered with its elephant hosts as ‘vulnerable’ to extinction.
MacKenzie and Norval (1980) experimentally transmitted E. ruminantium to sheep by means of A. tholloni nymphs that had been fed as larvae on an infected sheep, and by adult ticks that had been fed as nymphs on infected sheep. Because of their preference for elephants, the adults of A. tholloni are unlikely to play a role in the transmission of E. ruminantium in the field. In addition, elephants and domestic livestock very rarely share the same habitat, thus free-living A. tholloni questing for hosts are unlikely to be present in the absence of elephants. However, MacKenzie and Norval (1980) reported that cattle, sheep and goats at the Rekomitji Research Station situated in a game reserve in the Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe were frequently infested with A. tholloni larvae and nymphs and that cases of heartwater were recorded in domestic livestock at the research station in the absence of any of the known vectors.
The geographical distribution of A. variegatum includes north-western Zimbabwe, the Zambezi Strip in north-eastern Namibia, much of Zambia and thence northwards into sub-Saharan Africa (Walker & Olwage 1987). Adult ticks prefer cattle as well as large wild herbivores as hosts, while the immature stages infest the same hosts as the adults, and also hares and the larger species of ground-feeding birds (Petney, Horak & Rechav 1987; Theiler 1962). Theiler (1962) reports adult ticks on white and black rhinoceroses, while Walker (1974) records collections from five of 54 black rhinoceroses in Kenya. The large proportion of black rhinoceroses infested with A. variegatum in Zambia suggests that these animals are amongst the preferred hosts for adult ticks. Amblyomma variegatum is an effective vector of E. ruminantium (Norval & Horak 2004) and also of R. africae (Kelly 2001).
Cosmiomma hippopotamensis
Joseph Burke, a British naturalist made the first ever collection of C. hippopotamensis from a rhinoceros or a hippopotamus about 20 km to the north-west of Pretoria in 1840, and a male tick and female tick from this collection were described by Denny in 1843. No collections have been made in South Africa since then (Apanaskevich et al. 2013). In Namibia, Bezuidenhout and Schneider (1972) made the last recorded collections of C. hippopotamensis in Kaokoland in the north-west of the country in 1971. They collected 114 adult ticks from vegetation along footpaths used by rhinoceroses to get to water and successfully fed some of these ticks on a rhinoceros calf. One of the three female ticks that engorged on the calf laid a large batch of fertile eggs from which larvae hatched and these were used in studies to determine the life cycle of the tick (Apanaskevich et al. 2013). The translocation of rhinos from Kaokoland to the Etosha National Park and settlement of humans in the north-west of the country has probably contributed to the disappearance of C. hippopotamensis in Namibia. We think it is now extinct in both South Africa and Namibia, and perhaps in Africa. In their review of ixodid tick species coendangered with their hosts, Mihalca et al. (2011) consider C. hippopotamensis’ status as ‘vulnerable’.
Dermacentor rhinocerinus
Only two of the 35 Dermacentor species that occur world-wide are present in the Afrotropical region, Dermacentor circumguttatus and D. rhinocerinus (Guglielmone et al. 2014). The adults of D. circumguttatus prefer elephants as hosts and those of D. rhinocerinus prefer white and black rhinoceroses (Guglielmone et al. 2014; Knapp et al. 1997). Dermacentor rhinocerinus was first described by Denny in 1843 from a male specimen collected from a black rhinoceros in South Africa (Keirans 1993). Dermacentor rhinocerinus is widespread in Africa, but as rhino populations decrease or disappear because of poaching, its distribution range is diminishing (Keirans 1993). Mihalca et al. (2011) consider D. rhinocerinus to be ‘critically endangered’ should black rhinos be its only hosts, and ‘near threatened’ on white rhinos.
With the possible exception of pockets in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal, D. rhinocerinus, with its rhino hosts, had probably become extinct in the rest of South Africa, including the region now known as the Kruger National Park, by the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. We believe that D. rhinocerinus has been re-introduced into the Kruger National Park with rhinoceroses from the KwaZulu-Natal parks (Braack et al. 1995). Its prevalence on rhinos in the park and surrounding conservancies now appears to be greater than that in the KwaZulu-Natal nature reserves. The larvae and nymphs of D. rhinocerinus feed on rodents (Horak & Cohen 2001), for which they probably quest from the soil surface or from the base of tufts of grass. The brightly coloured questing adult ticks are commonly encountered high up on thick grass stems along the verges of roads and game paths, wherever there are dense populations of rhinos in the Kruger National Park.
Since 1933, when it was collected from a black rhinoceros at Grootfontein, no collections of D. rhinocerinus have been made in Namibia (Walker 1991). We now consider it to be extinct there. During the 1970’s and 80’s D. rhinocerinus was present in the south-east and south-west of Zimbabwe and at several localities in the Zambezi Valley in the north-west of the country (Duncan 1989; Norval & Colborne 1985). This may no longer be true after the poaching and consequent precautionary translocation of rhinoceroses that has taken place. None of the 30 rhinoceroses examined in south-eastern Zimbabwe in the present study, were infested. Although D. rhinocerinus was not present amongst the ticks collected from rhinos in Zambia, it has previously been reported as occurring there (Keirans 1993).
Hyalomma glabrum
Hyalomma glabrum, previously referred to as Hyalomma marginatum turanicum, was reinstated as a valid species by Apanaskevich and Horak (2006). It is the most colourful of the three Hyalomma species that occur in South Africa. In addition to the ivory coloured band that encircles the distal margin of each segment of its legs, the dorsal surface of each segment is coated with a strip of ivory coloured enamelling. This is especially distinct on the segments of the hind legs. Hyalomma glabrum is a strictly South African tick and is the only Hyalomma sp. whose distribution is confined to the southern hemisphere. It is present in Nama Karoo and Succulent Karoo Biomes in the Eastern, Western and Northern Cape provinces (Apanaskevich & Horak 2006). It would seem that H. glabrum and H. rufipes are mutually exclusive in their habitat preferences.
The adults of H. glabrum have a preference for large herbivores and large numbers have been collected from Cape mountain zebras and especially eland in the Mountain Zebra National Park. Its immature stages have been collected from scrub hares and birds in the park (Horak et al. 1991a). The presence of adult ticks on black rhinoceroses after their re-introduction into the Mountain Zebra National Park and the Karoo National Park more than a century after their disappearance in the Karoo is thus not unexpected. The collections from black rhinoceroses are first records on these animals.
Hyalomma rufipes
Hyalomma rufipes is a drought-tolerant species and with the exception of the north-eastern regions of Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces, the eastern regions of KwaZulu-Natal, the eastern Free State and the southern regions of the Western Cape province, it is present throughout South Africa (Spickett 2013). In agreement with this pattern of distribution, no H. rufipes were collected from rhinoceroses in the Kruger National Park and surrounding conservancies, nor in the north-eastern parks of KwaZulu-Natal. Hyalomma rufipes was replaced by H. glabrum in the Karoo and their occurrence seems to be mutually exclusive (Figure 1). Hyalomma rufipes was the predominant species in the central and western Free State and Northern Cape province, and was present on black rhinos in all three regions in which collections were made in Namibia.
The preferred hosts of the adults of H. rufipes are large domestic and wild ruminants, particularly cattle, giraffes and eland (Dreyer, Fourie & Kok 1998; Horak et al. 2007), while the immature stages infest Cape hares, scrub hares and birds (Horak & Fourie 1991; Van Niekerk, Fourie & Horak 2006). It was the second most prevalent species collected from rhinos in southern Africa in the present study (Figure 1), and rhinos must be considered as one of the preferred hosts of adult H. rufipes.
Hyalomma rufipes is a vector of Babesia occultans, the causative organism of benign babesiosis in cattle, with infection passing transovarially from one generation of adults to the next (Gray & De Vos 1981). It is also the most effective vector in South Africa of the virus causing Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in humans (Swanepoel et al. 1983).
Hyalomma truncatum
Hyalomma trunctum is a drought-tolerant species and is absent in the moist eastern as well as the colder Highveld regions of South Africa (Spickett 2013). It is the only species that was collected in every region in which rhinos were examined (Figure 1). A large number of collections were made from rhinos in the Free State and Northern Cape provinces, it was the only Hyalomma species collected from rhinos in the Kruger National Park and the predominant species on animals in the Etosha National Park.
The adults of H. truncatum prefer large herbivores as hosts and large numbers have been collected from giraffes and eland (Horak et al. 2007), while the immature stages infest Cape hares, scrub hares and murid rodents (Horak & Fourie 1991; Horak et al. 1991a). Judging by the large number of rhinos that were infested and that ticks were present on them in every region included in the present study, rhinos must be considered as one of the preferred hosts of the adults of H. truncatum.
Hyalomma truncatum is a vector of Babesia caballi, the cause of equine piroplasmosis, with infection passing transovarially from one generation of adults to the next. The females also produce an epitheliotrophic toxin responsible for sweating sickness in calves (Norval & Horak 2004).
Rhipicephalus species
The ticks, R. follis, R. gertrudae and R. simus, are similar in appearance but the denseness of punctations on the conscuta of the males and scuta of the females varies (Walker, Keirans & Horak 2000). Although there is some overlap, their geographical distributions differ (Walker et al. 2000). Rhipicephalus follis is moderately punctate and is associated with mountainous terrain mainly east of longitude 24º. Rhipicephalus gertrudae is heavily punctate and is present in drier regions west of this longitude and in the winter rainfall regions of the Western and Northern Cape provinces where summers are hot and dry. It is also present in Namibia. But for four irregular rows of large punctations, the conscutum of R. simus males is smooth. It is widespread in the northern, eastern and south-eastern regions of South Africa. The collections made from rhinoceroses in the various regions reflect the distributions of these three ticks. All of them prefer monogastric animals such as zebras, warthogs and now also rhinoceroses, as well as the larger carnivores as hosts, but buffaloes, elands and cattle may also be infested (Horak et al. 2007). Their larvae and nymphs prefer murid rodents as hosts (Walker et al. 2000).
A single collection of R. longiceps was made from a black rhinoceros in Namibia. It is the only Rhipicephalus species, which, relative to its size, has long mouthparts (Walker et al. 2000). Its distribution is confined to Namibia and Angola and in total very few collections have been made (Walker et al. 2000). These collections include ticks from warthogs and a giraffe and now also a rhinoceros (Horak et al. 1992; Horak et al. 1983).
Rhipicephalus maculatus is the only ornate Rhipicephalus species present in southern Africa. It is present in a broad strip of coastal mosaic vegetation and adjacent woodlands from Durban in KwaZulu-Natal northwards to Somalia (Walker et al. 2000). It has short but sturdy mouthparts and its preferred hosts are large mammals with thick hides, such as elephants, rhinoceroses, warthogs, bushpigs and buffaloes (Baker & Keep 1970; Horak, Boomker & Flamand 1991b; Horak et al. 2007; Walker et al. 2000). Several of these animals do not have dense hair-coats and hence ticks with short mouthparts are prone to be removed by grooming or predation by red-billed oxpeckers, Buphagus erythrorhyncus (Bezuidenhout & Stutterheim 1980).
Infestation of rhinos with R. appendiculatus nymphs and with R. eversti eversi adults should be regarded as incidental. Rhipicephalus neumanni occurs in the drier western regions of South Africa and in southern Namibia (Walker et al. 2000), and both animals that were infested were sampled in the Northern Cape province. Rhipicephalus zumpti is a rather rare species and is present in coastal woodland and adjacent regions in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape province (Walker et al. 2000). It also seems to have a preference for monogastric mammals and fairly large numbers have been collected from bushpigs in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal (Horak et al. 1991b) and now three males from two black rhinoceroses in the Eastern Cape province.
Although fewer black than white rhinoceroses were sampled for ticks, they were examined in more geographic regions and hence a greater number of tick species were recovered from them. Those in Zambia alone harboured three species not collected elsewhere. The central and south eastern region of Limpopo province combined with northern Gauteng constituting the central northern provinces, was the most species-rich with seven species collected from rhinos.
Most of the ticks that were collected from rhinos in the present study are characterised by one or two features; they are ornate and/or have long or sturdy mouthparts. All the Amblyomma spp. collected from the rhinos are ornate and have long mouthparts. Their long mouthparts not only ensure a sturdy hold-fast on the thick hides of their hosts but also have the advantage of making them less prone to being removed by grooming or to predation by oxpeckers because of the difficulty with which they are dislodged. Their ornamentation possibly alerts oxpeckers to the fact that they will be difficult to remove. Dermacentor rhinocerinus is ornate and has medium length, sturdy mouthparts. The three Hyalomma spp. have long mouthparts and the legs of H. glabrum are ornate. Rhipicephalus longiceps has long mouthparts and R. maculatus is ornate and has short but sturdy mouthparts. Moreover, R. maculatus adults probably escape severe predation by attaching amongst the Amblyomma spp. on the ventral aspects of their hosts’ bodies. In addition, the colouration on the scuta of R. maculatus females mimics that of A. hebraeum females. Rhipicephalus follis, R. gertrudae and R. simus have short mouthparts, but with H. truncatum, attach to the tail and its tip within the tailbrush.
The ticks that infest rhinoceroses in southern Africa are generally ornate and have long or robust mouthparts. These comprise six Amblyomma species and D. rhinocerinus, H. glabrum and R. maculatus, as well as the now possibly extinct species Cosmiomma hippotamensis. Amongst these ticks A. rhinocerotis is in danger of extinction in South Africa, while D. rhinocerinus is likely to survive in the north-eastern regions of the country for as long as rhinoceroses are also present. The only species that was present in all ten regions in which ticks were collected was H. truncatum, followed by H. rufipes in seven regions. The latter two species and A. hebraeum and A. variegatum are important vectors of disease to domestic livestock.
We express our gratitude to all the technicians, rangers, wardens and nature reserve managers, who assisted with tick collections and to Dylan Smith who assisted with collections in the Northern Cape province and Ortwin Aschenborn who collected ticks from rhinos in the Hardap Nature Reserve in Namibia. We are also grateful to SANParks and the Provincial Nature reserve authorities as well as private institutions and individuals for granting permission to make collections from rhinos in the reserves under their control. The participation of the senior author in the project was funded by a grant from the National Research Foundation.
I.G.H. was the project leader, identified all the ticks and was responsible for writing the first and final drafts of the manuscript. C.R.B., D.G., G.H. and M.H. collected ticks from rhinos in the Kruger National Park and its surrounds. M.H. also collected ticks from rhinos in North West province and assisted D.S. with the collection of ticks in Zambia. D.V.C. collected ticks in KwaZulu-Natal, D.P. and D.Z. collected ticks in the Eastern Cape province, P.J.N. collected ticks in the Free State, D.N.M. collected ticks in the Northern Cape province, C.M.F. collected ticks in Zimbabwe and J.W.K. collected ticks from rhinos in Namibia. A.H. reviewed the data for possible statistical analysis. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Online Legal Media is a leading provider of legal news and online legal marketing solutions through its two primary business units–the Legal News Publishing unit and OnlineLegalMarketing.com. Since 2001, Online Legal Media has kept readers informed about the legal issues that may impact their lives, and has provided information about consumers’ legal rights, while helping lawyers reach out to the clients they seek.
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Stephen King CEO and co-owner, runs LawyersandSettlements.com with John Sliney. King brings over 20 years executive management expertise to the company, particularly in the consumer packaged goods industry where he was integral in driving and developing e-commerce platforms to create growth in new sales channels. Prior to LawyersandSettlements.com, Stephen was an executive consultant to small and mid-sized online ventures with Spectrum Direct Consulting. Before Spectrum, his 20-year career with Avon Products in both New York and Tokyo culminated as vice president strategy and business transformation, after tenure as Avon CEO and president, Japan. Stephen holds an M.S. in applied economics and a B.A. in economics from the University of California. In his spare time Stephen enjoys tennis, fine wine, and restoring his vintage car.
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The Geeks Were Right
Posed To Death
Worked Up So Sexual
Dropkick the Punks
New Wave revivalists who helped popularize the Saddle Creek label and Omaha, Nebraska music scene, the Faint employ a rowdy amalgam of indie rock, dance-punk, and electro-pop.
The sonic antithesis of fellow Saddle Creek alums Bright Eyes -- Conor Oberst was a member when the band was still operating under the moniker Norman Bailer -- the Faint hit their stride in 1999 with the release of Blank-Wave Arcade, which helped usher in a new wave of electro-punk. The band continued to deliver sweaty, floor-filling bangers that both raged against the machine and got the party started on subsequent outings like Danse Macabre (2001), Doom Abuse (2014), and Egowerk (2019).
The Faint have gone through countless changes in their career, but with each shift, both in terms of personnel and style, they have made a distinct new impression and turned more and more heads. Originally called Norman Bailer and featuring Clark and Todd Baechle (later he changed his name to Todd Fink, after marrying future Saddle Creek recording artist Orenda Fink of Azure Ray), as well as bassist Joel Petersen, the group's early years were a mix of lo-fi pop and tongue-in-cheek easy listening with a few punk rock ideals borrowed from their early skateboarding days. Along with a prepubescent Bright Eyes and a recently formed Cursive, the band was one of the seeds that spawned the explosive Omaha scene as well as a flagship act for the highly regarded Saddle Creek Records.
A very limited cassette release and a few tracks on split 7"s and samplers were the band's only output, but the spark was there, and after adding Matt Bowen to the mix, the Faint proper first came into being around 1998. Media, the group's first full-length, was still a far cry from their later sounds, but the record was a fitting introduction to the band that featured a bevy of conflicting sounds, from new wave-inspired pop to Lullaby for the Working Class-style acoustic dirges. In the wake of Media, the band set out to add something special to its live show, and in the course of the year, Bowen left the band and Jacob Thiele joined up to add the all-too-important keyboard sounds into the mix.
Early 1999 saw the band reenter the studio with a new agenda, focusing on danceable beats, catchy keyboards, and an '80s-influenced sound that both revered and reinvented the past. The result was Blank-Wave Arcade, a pulsating record about sexuality, transportation, and mass consumption that instantly attracted hordes of new fans who were blown away by the group's distinctive new sound. The new material, along with a seizure-inducing D.I.Y. live light show and incorrigible on-stage energy, created a major buzz, and soon the Faint were revered as the second coming of new wave. A series of remixes on both a limited-edition LP and a tour to support the album furthered the hype, and by the time the Faint entered the studio yet again in early 2001, the buzz had grown to a resounding roar.
In August of 2001, the group released its third LP, Danse Macabre, a somewhat darker exploration of the styles hinted at on Blank-Wave Arcade. They also added a guitarist by the name of Dapose (born Mike Dappen), whose death metal past worked perfectly with the gloomy but still oddly upbeat sentiments of the new record. The effort was well received and quickly became one of the label's best-selling titles. The band followed it up with even more touring and also found the time to release the Mote/Dust 12" on the GSL label in October of 2001, featuring two more remixes, a Sonic Youth cover, and a new track featuring Bright Eyes songsmith Conor Oberst.
The Faint were all quiet on the recording front until March of 2003, when they released an album of remixes from Danse Macabre -- Danse Macabre Remixes. The disc featured remixes by artists like Paul Oakenfold, Photek, and Medicine. They followed this up with their fourth studio long-player, Wet from Birth, which was released in fall 2004. The band remixed "Meet Your Master" from Nine Inch Nails' Year Zero, while bassist Petersen reworked Of Montreal's "Wraith Pinned to the Mist and Other Games" under his Broken Spindles alias. The Faint then built their own studio, named Enamel, and formed their own label, Blank.Wav, on which they released Fasciinatiion, their first full-length to be released outside of Saddle Creek, in summer 2008. The high octane full-length Doom Abuse dropped in 2014, followed by the career retrospective Capsule: 1999-2016 in October 2016. Longtime keyboard player Jacob Thiele left the fold in 2016, making room for Reptar keyboardist Graham Ulicny, who made his studio debut on 2019's Egowerk, which marked the group's return to Saddle Creek. ~ Peter J. D'Angelo, Rovi
Los Angeles, US4,543 LISTENERS
Chicago, US2,743 LISTENERS
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New York City, US2,047 LISTENERS
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Egowerk
CAPSULE:1999-2016
Doom Abuse
Danse Macabre (Deluxe Edition) [Remastered]
Mirror Error
Fasciinatiion
Wet From Birth
Danse Macabre Remixes
Desperate Guys
Essential Alternative
Tony Hawk's American Wasteland (Full Soundtrack)
SSX3
Moving Units
Ima Robot
Listen to The Faint now.
Listen to The Faint in full in the Spotify app
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2019 Singles & Briefs
by Anthony Alva
© Copyright - Anthony Alva / Anthony Alva (194171403484)
This is a collection short excerpts of Anthony Alva's classical music compositions, from the 1st to 9th Symphonies. The sounds you hear came from a Pevy DPMV3 and Roland D-5 used in a pair to play some compositions, or from a Yamaha MM6 on other compositi
Genre: Classical: Chamber Music
1. Symphony No. 1 in C: III. Piano out of Control (Partial)
2. Symphony No. 2 in C: IV. Longing for the Baroque (Partial)
3. Symphony No. 3 in C: IV. Lover's Dance (Partial)
4. Symphony No. 4 in C: II. Jealous of Mozart (Partial)
5. Symphony No. 5 in C: III. Free at Last (Partial)
6. Symphony No. 6 in C: I. Bombast by Flute, Clarinet, Strings & Horns (Partial)
7. Symphony No. 7 in C: IV. American Symphony 21st Century (Partial)
8. Symphony No. 8 in C: I. Morning (Partial)
9. Symphony No. 9 in C: IV. Fall of the Empire (Partial)
This is a collection short excerpts of Anthony Alva's classical music compositions, from the 1st to 9th Symphonies. Most of Anthony Alva's material to date has not been recorded. These excepts were edited as much of the originals are up to, or over, ten minutes in length, and he has been tactfully advised that modern audiences do not have the patience for long compositions. Anthony Alva cannot play any musical instruments, but can play by the numbers as he was taught by Mrs. Lundberg, his much beloved piano teacher, who last gave him a piano lesson when he was 12 years old. This material is meant to be played by a full orchestra, that includes strings, brass, timpani, woods, harps, etc. He has never played any instruments in any of his recordings because he cannot read sheet music. He composes music one note at a time using a program called the "Deluxe Music Construction Set" on his 1986 Mac Plus computer. The sounds you hear came from a Pevy DPMV3 and Roland D-5 used in a pair to play some compositions, or from a Yamaha MM6 on other compositions, all under MIDI direction from the Mac Plus.
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Tinubu Net Worth & Dangote Net Worth: Who Has More Money?
Tinubu and Dangote who is the richest. You could be wondering and thinking who is richer between a successful businessman and a successful politician in Nigeria.
We are here to help you as we are going to compare two well-known and wealthy citizens of the country.
In today’s post, we shall be comparing a successful politician, Bola Ahmed Tinubu to a successful business man, Aliko Dangote to see who is richer between the two.
Asiwaju Bola Tinubu Profile
Bola Ahmed Tinubu is a well-known and highly-regarded Nigerian politician born on the 29th of March 1952. He started and completed his primary school education at St John’s primary school, Aroloya, Lagos state.
He continued his education in United State of America, where he attended Richard J. Daley college Chicago in 1975. Tinubu graduated with a degree Bachelor of Science studying accounting in 1979.
Despite being a Nigerian, Tinubu decided to remain in the United State before relocating back to Nigeria in 1983. He started his political carrer in 1992 and was elected to the Nigeria House of Senate, representing Lagos west constituency under the Social Democratic Party (SDP) platform.
Due to the love and respect he commands among Lagosians, he was voted to power as Lagos state governor in 1999 under the Alliance for Democracy (AD) platform. Bola Ahmed Tinubu was sworn into office in 1999 and he wasted no time in embarking on some projects.
After four years in office, he was rated as one of the best governors in the country due to large number of projects that were completed during his regime.
Tinubu contested for the governorship position for the second time, but this time, under the People Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He won the election and he was sworn into office for the second tine in 2003.
Bola Tinubu and his wife senator Oluremi Tinubu were both honored with a chieftain title on the 20th of November 2012 in Abeokuta, Ogun State. He was also decorated as the Aare Ago of Egbaland, while his wife was decorated as the Erelu Aare Ago of Egbaland.
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Though, he has out of power since 2007, Tinubu plays huge role when it comes to making decisions or policies in Lagos state. This is because he presently acts statesman for the continent’s most populated state.
Apc Leader
Though former Edo state governor Adams Oshomole is the official APC national chairman, Ashiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu is seen as the current leader of the All Progressive Congress (APC).
Source Of Tinubu’s Wealth
The exact source of his wealth remains unrevealed but, as much as we know, his mother Abibatu Mogaji was a successful business woman in the southwest state before her demise in 2013.
Apart from the financial worth of his parents, Tinubu makes cool money from politics and that has been his major source of his wealth for more than two decades.
The former senator owns quite a large number of properties and assets. They include a multi-million building in Ikoyi, Lagos state, a G wagon which reportedly worth N600m and other assets we don’t know.
He also possess a $60m-rated private jet as a means of transportation.
He owns a grand hotel — that serves as alternative source of income — in Lagos state likewise a large hectars of land in Abuja.
Evaluating all his assets in monetary terms, the former Lagos state of governor is financially valued at N10 billion but rumours suggests that he is worth more than Dangote himself.
Aliko Dangote Profile
Picture of Dangote
Aliko Dangote, a wealthy, influential and popular business man, was born on the 10th of April 1957. The business guru was born into an Islamic background in kano state Nigeria.
According to Wikipedia, Dangote is the grandson of Alhaji Alhassan Dantata who was rated as the richest man in Africa when he was alive. Unfortunately, Dantata gave up the ghost in 1955 after a brief illness.
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Just as expected, the 51-year-old is playing huge role in the country’s economy as his investments and assets could be seen across the country and beyond.
As said earlier, the Kano state indigene has massive investments in Nigeria and beyond. He is the founder and President of the Dangote group of companies that was created in 1977.
Dangote Group of Companies
Created in 1977, Dangote group started as a one-man trading organization but, as time unfold coupled with intense hard work and determination, it began to expand and develop.
Today, the group contains different sectors and companies that are doing well and thriving in the Nigeria’s different industries. These production companies include the following :
Dangote Cement
This is the oldest part of the group and it deals with processing of limestone into finished products (cement). They equally packaged the products and transports throughout the country and other parts of Africa for sale.
Dangote Sugar
This sector deals with production and packaging of sugar for sale.
Dangote Foods and drinks
This sector of the group are mainly created for the production of foods and drinks – such as Pasta, biscuits, Oil among many others.
As result of their respective successes in Nigeria, he expands these companies to other neighboring countries including Ghana, Togo and Benin Republic.
His achievements in business world, Influence on economic growth and development in Africa hasn’t gone unnoticed by the world’s leading finance-related website Forbes.com
Forbes rated 51-year-old Aliko Dangote as the richest man in Africa and he’s among the top 60 richest men in the world.
In his part — after receiving N150m from Dangote to fight the outbreak of Ebola in 2011, former president of Nigeria Goodluck Ebele Jonathan decorated him as the Grand Commander Of the Order Of Niger (GCON).
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As an Arsenal fan, the billionaire revealed his interest to purchase a share from Arsenal Football Club in 2015.
According to him, he is not happy with the financial success being recorded by the Premier League side, so, he wants to improve the business side of the club by becoming a shareholder.
Source of Dangote’s Wealth
There have been different stories to his source of wealth. After making some intense inquiries, we got so many answers from Nigerians as regards to how and when the Kano state citizen began his journey to financial greatness.
Some said he started as a biscuit seller, while another faction claimed Dangote’s wealth is as a result of the inheritance gotten from his grandfather.
However, according to a trusted site, we can confirm that his money and wealth is as a result of his entrepreneurship skill.
In an interview granted by the richest black man some years ago, he sold out sweets(candies) to his classmates in school while growing up.
From there, he began to develop his business mind and that’s how he became who he is today, though, his grandfather also played some important role in his journey to prominence.
He owns a private jet worth $45 million. Houses, cars and other private possessions are what the billionaire can call his own.
Currently, his net worth is estimated to be $14.9 billion which is far above Tinubu’s.
Dangote whose net worth is $14 billion is far richer than Tinubu whose net worth is estimated at N10 billion.
Aliko Dangote Net Worth 2019 (Forbes)
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How to Make Music Videos
By Nathan Boehme ; Updated September 18, 2017
Make music videos by coming up with several concepts, shooting the band playing the song and then exploring the visual landscape for a narrative story within in the video. Create movement in a music video with cuts that match the rhythm of the song using advice from a filmmaker in this free video on making music videos.
Nathan Boehme is a writer, director and editor who currently lives and works in Los Angeles. He has worked extensively as an independent filmmaker for more than 10 years, producing and directing a wide variety of projects ranging from short films and music videos to promotional ads and feature length documentaries. Boehme has received festival awards for best writing, editing and directing.
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What Are the Best Dance Clubs for Teens in NYC?
By J.D. Richards ; Updated September 15, 2017
If you're under 21 in New York City, night life can seem like a private party to which you're not invited. A closer look, though, reveals a number of clubs that open their doors to the 18-and-up crowd. A few clubs are open at all times to a younger crowd, while others offer scheduled parties that cater to teens. To compensate for a lack of alcohol sales, most clubs levy a cover charge on teens.
Located in Brooklyn's DUMBO neighborhood, Halcyon serves as a record store during the day. Its selection is DJ-centric, emphasizing house, techno and other dance music. On weeknights, it plays host to dance parties emceed by renowned DJs. Revelers of all ages are welcome.
Rush is an 18-and-up club in Manhattan's Chelsea district that caters to a mostly male, mostly college-age crowd. The club features three floors of dance space, mirrored walls, flashing lights and go-go boys. Music includes hip hop, top 40, electronica and house. Parties include $4 Fridays—the title indicating the cover charge—and college night on Saturdays.
Webster Hall is a popular nightclub and concert venue located in downtown Manhattan. Concerts are open to all comers 18 and up, while dance parties are usually more expensive for those under 21. Girls' Night Out on Thursdays, for example, costs $15 before 11:30 p.m. for males over 21 and $30 for males under 21, as of February 2011. The same party was free for females over 21, but charged $10 to underage girls. Parties at Webster Hall span four floors, including a ballroom, and feature multiple DJs. Collared shirts are required, and hats are prohibited.
Teen Night at Pacha
Pacha, an Iberian night club that opened in Manhattan in the late 2000s, is located on Manhattan's west side, near Hell's Kitchen. The club hosts a recurring teen night, open exclusively to youngsters. Partiers must be between the ages of 14 and 18 to enter, and doors open at 6 p.m. Teens have access to all five floors and 30,000 square feet of the dance club. Tickets are available online and, as of February 2011, cost $40 per person. Music includes house, hip hop and top 40.
TeenNights.com: Pacha Teen Night
Webster Hall: Girls Night Out
J.D. Richards has worked as a writer and journalist since 2005. He has written for various publications, including the alt-weekly "Creative Loafing" in Florida as well as Manhattan's "New York Press" and "Blackbook Magazine." He graduated from the University of Florida with a Bachelor of Science in journalism.
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Hillary Clinton rocks out at Earth, Wind & Fire concert after Bill denies Epstein knowledge
By Francesca Bacardi
Hillary Clinton and Earth, Wind & Fire Getty Images
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Hillary Clinton didn’t let the scandal surrounding Jeffrey Epstein — a onetime friend of Bill Clinton —get in the way of her having a good time.
Spies tell Page Six that 71-year-old Hillary, along with Huma Abedin, danced the night away at Earth, Wind & Fire’s concert at the Beacon Theatre in New York on Tuesday night. The two were spotted clapping and dancing along to the group’s tunes.
“They got a shoutout from [the band] at the start of the concert after the first song or so,” an attendee told us.
Vanessa Williams and designer Cynthia Rowley were also spotted at the concert.
The failed presidential candidate’s night out came just one day after Bill, 72, issued a statement denying knowledge of convicted pedophile Epstein’s crimes or crimes he’s been accused of.
“President Clinton knows nothing about the terrible crimes [Epstein] pleaded guilty to in Florida some years ago, or those with which he has been recently charged in New York,” the statement said.
“In 2002 and 2003, President Clinton took a total of four trips on Jeffrey Epstein’s airplane: one to Europe, one to Asia, and two to Africa, which included stops in connection with the work of the Clinton Foundation,” the statement added. “Staff, supporters of the foundation, and his Secret Service detail traveled on every leg of every trip. He had one meeting with Epstein in his Harlem office in 2002, and around the same time made one brief visit to Epstein’s New York apartment with a staff member and his security detail.
“He’s not spoken to Epstein in well over a decade, and he has never been to Little St. James Island, Epstein’s ranch in New Mexico, or his residence in Florida.”
Clinton was said to have taken more than two dozen trips on Epstein’s private Boeing 727 — dubbed the “Lolita Express” — before Epstein pleaded guilty in his 2008 Florida case.
Filed under beacon theatre , concerts , hillary clinton , huma abedin , jeffrey epstein
Swedish prison detaining A$AP Rocky fires back at 'inhuman...
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Three Songs / Songs from Liquid Days / Vessels
Music by Philip Glass
The Crouch End Festival Chorus
National Sinfonia
David Temple, conductor
Silva Classics SILKD 6023
THREE SONGS – For Choir a Capella
1. There Are Some Men 2:54
2. Quand les Hommes Vivront d’Amour 3:00
3. Pierre de Soleil 4:02
VESSELS from KOYAANISQATSI – For Choir, Saxophones and Flute
4. Vessels (from Koyaanisqatsi) 7:55
SONGS FROM LIQUID DAYS – For Choir, Soloists and Orchestra
5. Changing Opinion 8:59
6. Lightning 6:47
7. In Liquid Days 5:09
8. Open The Kingdom 8:31
9. Freezing 3:28
10. Forgetting 9:07
Unless you raid the operas, there is very little music by Philip Glass for chorus which can be performed in concert. I was musing on this one Friday evening — during a rehearsal of the Three songs for Crouch End Festival Chorus’s 1997 performance at Snape Maltings — when a little phrase suddenly reminded me of the song Liquid Days. And from that association grew the idea of making a version of Songs from liquid days for chorus and orchestra.
Right from the beginning, I was determined to make an arrangement that the casual listener would be surprised to learn hadn’t been made by Mr Glass himself and I strove to keep the arrangement as idiomatic as possible.
I was also very concerned to produce a version that stood a chance of performance. This means, as much as anything, that it should not be gratuitously expensive to mount. So, I reasoned, if I gave the choir a lot of the music previously performed by instruments — brass, synthesisers and so on — the orchestra could be reduced to flutes, strings, piano and organ (plus lots of percussion for Lightning), retaining the essential components of the original soundworld of the album.
Discussing this arrangement with Philip Glass was immensely helpful, and encouraging, and resulted in a number of the features of the final version. The retention of both piano and organ in Open the Kingdom was at his request; on the other hand, he readily agreed to my idea of ‘fading out’ the piano in Changing Opinion. Glass also sanctioned the small cuts in the first song, made solely to tighten up a structure which otherwise tends to be a bit too much of a good thing. Apart from these particular cuts, all the songs on this album follow the first recorded version bar by bar (plus a few extra repeats in Open the Kingdom and Forgetting where the sonority and power of the choir justified them.)
This version differs fundamentally from a mere transcription in that the cycle of choral songs has been thoroughly thought through as a dramatic work in its own right and the listener familiar with the original album will detect very many small points of departure from that version (starting at the very beginning). Also the order of the songs has been changed for this arrangement.
I was greatly aided by having access to the composer’s original drafts of Lightning, In Liquid Days, Freezing and Forgetting, which themselves differ in many respects from how the songs appear on the first album. However, I have certainly not blindly reinstated original versions of passages which the composer changed later.
As usual with Glass, the six songs are all fashioned from a modest set of melodic and harmonic material and the composer’s ability to create completely different atmospheres from not only simple material, but the same simple material, is a tour de force. And, although I believe each song could be performed in isolation, there is no doubt that together they form a total, greater than the sum of its parts.
For this album the orchestra and choir were recorded direct to stereo 2-track, being mixed simultaneously, in order to give the feel of a “live” performance as, after all, the music is arranged to be performed in concert without the benefit of studio technology. The solo vocals where then added later.
The Three Songs were commissioned for the 350th Anniversary of Quebec in 1984 and, like Songs from liquid days, the Three Songs set words from a wide variety of sources. Perhaps because they are sung a capella, they are tighter, more concise. And if anyone doubted Glass’s ability to write powerful, melodic (non-minimalist) music they need look no further than the first of these songs, There are some men.
Vessels comes from one of Glass’s finest scores, the soundtrack to the film Koyaanisqatsi. As with Songs from Liquid Days, this performance goes back to Philip Glass’s manuscript, which explains why the instrumentation of the current performance— flute, soprano and tenor saxophones — differs from that of the other recorded versions.
— Jeremy Marchant,
NOTES ABOUT THE PLAYERS
Crouch End Festival Chorus was founded in 1984 by David Temple and John Gregson, who had met and sung together in the London Philharmonic Choir, Under their guidance and innovative leadership, CEFC has risen to be one of the leading large choirs in the UK, with repertoire encompassing both the standard classics and less familiar works from the twentieth and twenty-first century. Highlights during the course of the choir’s history include the first performance in Poland of Tippett’s A Child Of Our Time in 1994 and, in the same year the choir sang at the fiftieth anniversary of this work in the presence of the composer. In 1997 the choir were invited to sing in Act 2 of Satyagraha in a Royal Festival Hall concert celebrating Philip Glass’ 60th birthday.
CEFC regularly commission new large-scale works. These include Paul Patterson’s Hells Angels and two works by Joby Talbot — who combines composition with arrangement and keyboard duties for the band The Divine Comedy.
The choir maintains a busy recording schedule, including two album of Cinema Choral Classics for Silva Classics — which achieved chart success in America — and a double CD of Britten’s The Company Of Heaven and Will Todd’s The Burning Road. Recently the choir released an album of Christmas Choral Classics and performed in London’s Millennium Concert with Simply Red, The Eurythmics and soprano Lesley Garrett.
David Temple has emerged over the past ten years as one of Britain’s most enterprising and respected choral conductors. His musical experience began in the London Philharmonic Choir, where he sang tenor under John Alldis. In 1984 he began to work with the newly formed Crouch End Festival Chorus. Under his direction CEFC have achieved great success, with an outstanding record of both bold innovation and the highest musical standards. In 1994 David established his chamber choir, Cryes of London. He is also choir master for the Norfolk and Norwich Festival, who in 1998 gave the world premiere of a new song-cycle by Ray Davies of The Kinks. David was recently appointed Music Director for the Hertfordshire Chorus and Choral Director for the London College of Music.
Najma Akhtar is one of the principal creative forces of the last decade to have made innovative popular music, based on traditional North Asian forms, modernised for a young European sensibility.
Born and brought up in England and although a graduate in Chemical Engineering, Najma has proved to be a versatile and successful recording artist. This has led to the release of not only 5 albums of her own work but also the opportunity to have artistic collaborations with some of the world’s most influential musicians.
With the release of her first album Qareeb in 1987 Najma became a new and acclaimed figure on the European ‘World Music’ scene. Music from this album featured in Hanif Qureshi’s film Sammy And Rosie Get Laid. Her follow-up album Atish (1989) built on the success of the first album and reached No.4 in the American Billboard World Music Chart. Pukar — Calling You (1992) was a natural progression and exploited a new instrumentation including the Shenai (Indian Horn), Oud (Persian stringed instrument) and the African Marimba. The title track featured in a yearlong TV commercial for the Fuji Bank, hence Najma’s tours of Japan being met with rapturous enthusiasm.
In 1994 Najma performed with Robert Plant and Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin for their MTV special “Unplugged” She has appeared as guest vocalist on albums by Jah Wobble, Andy Summers, Steve Coleman, the Canadian band Delirium, and Jethro Tull’s last album “Dot Com”.
In 1998 Najma made her debut as vocalist and actress at the National Theatre in their production of Haroon And The Sea Of Stories adapted from the Salman Rushdie book.
Throughout her career Najma has made numerous film, radio and TV appearances throughout the world. Her own personal highlights include performing with Nina Simone at the London Dominion Theatre: being the first Asian artist to perform at Ronnie Scott’s Jazz Club in Soho; head-lining on the Jazz stages at the Glastonbury and Reading festivals and 4 consecutive nights at the Jazz Café in London.
Wills Morgan studied voice with Edward Brooks at the Royal College of Music and with George Vassos at the Cleveland Institute of Music. Wills began his professional career in the chorus of English National Opera and in 1996 made his principal debut in the British premiere of Bernd Alois Zimmermann’s opera Die Soldaten. In 1998 he directed his first opera, Monteverdi’s Orfeo for Cambridge University Opera Society.
He made his London South Bank debut in Mike Westbrook’s chamber opera Coming Through Slaughter, creating the role of Jazz pioneer Charles “Buddy” Bolden. Subsequent opera roles include Stravinsky’s Rake, Puccini’s Rodolfo, Verdi’s Count Alvaro and in 1999 Gaston de Letorieres in La Traviata and Nadir in The Pearlfishers. 2000 sees him starring in Mike Westbrook’s latest opera Jago.
Wills is one of the group of vocalists who work with leading contemporary dance, theatre and music ensembles: prominent among these are a 19-voice “Choir of Babel” known as The Shout and a group co-founded by Wills with soprano Moira Harris and pianist Richard Black called The Artsong Collective. Other groups that he has appeared with are Cultural Industry, The Resurrectionists, The Mike Westbrook Brass Band, Ya Basta! And Musica Fabula.
Concert highlights for Wills include Porgy And Bess under Sir Simon Rattle at the Barbican, and the same work at The Proms with Wayne Marshall and Hiawatha’S Wedding Feast at Harvard University. He made his Royal Festival Hall debut in 1999 with Porgy And Bess with David Temple and the Crouch End Festival Chorus.
Wills is currently involved in making two new song recordings with The Artsong Collective and features on the recent recording of Leonard Bernstein’s The White House Cantata conducted by Kent Nagano.
Music Composed by Philip Glass. Performed by Crouch End Festival Chorus and The National Sinfonia conducted by David Temple.
Leader: Alan Brind. Piano on Songs from Liquid Days: Elizabeth Shepherd. Tenor and Soprano Saxophones on Vessels: David Roach. Flute on Vessels : Paola Bonora. Solo Vocals on Songs From Liquid Days: Najma Akhtar (Freezing, Forgetting) and Wills Morgan (Changing Opinion, Open the Kingdom).
Words on Three Songs for Chorus a Capella by: Leonard Cohen (There Are Some Men), Raymond Lévesque (Quand les Hommes Vivront d’Amour), Octavio Paz (Pierre de Soleil).
Lyrics on Songs from Liquid Days by: Paul Simon (Changing Opinion), Suzanne Vega (Lightning, Freezing), David Byrne (In Liquid Days, Open the Kingdom), Laurie Anderson (Forgetting).
Words © Dunvagen Music Publishers, Inc / Chester Music Ltd. All rights reserved.
Songs from Liquid Days arranged by Jeremy Marchant.
Three Songs commissioned by Quebec 1534 — 1984 Festival.
Produced by Jeremy Marchant and David Temple. Associate Producers: Nic Raine and Gareth Williams. Executive Producers: Reynold da Silva and James Fitzpatrick. Release Co-ordination: David Stoner.
Digitally Recorded Direct to 2-Track Stereo by Mike Ross-Trevor at Whitfield Street Studios, London — July & November 1999. Additional Solo Vocals recorded by lan Shepherd at SRT, St. Ives, Cambridge. Editing and Mastering by Gareth Williams at SRT, St.lves, Cambridge
Album Design: Colin Parker (Inspired by the calligramme ‘Il Pleut’ by Apollinaire).
Najma Akhtar appears courtesy of Last Minute Productions.
Special Thanks must go to the people who helped in the preparation of this recording: Jeremy Marchant, Catherine Manners — Chester Music Ltd., Jim Keller and Ramona Kirschenman — Dunvagen Music, Kurt Munkacsi, Nic Raine, Mike Ross-Trevor, Pauline Hoyle, David Temple and all the members of Crouch End Festival Chorus. Nick Turner and The National Sinfonia — and especially Philip Glass.
All Music Published by Dunvagen Music Publishers, Inc. / Chester Music Ltd. © 20000 Silva Screen Records Ltd. 3 Prowse Place, Camden Town, London NW1 9PH.
Three songs for chorus a cappella
Songs from Liquid Days
Koyaanisqatsi on Nonesuch
Philip on Film on Nonesuch
Koyaanisqatsi by Godfrey Reggio
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Results for 'Lou Morris' (try it on Scholar)
Evidentiary Challenges to Evidence‐Based Medicine.Benjamin Djulbegovic, Lou Morris & Gary H. Lyman - 2000 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 6 (2):99-109.details
A Speech by Mr. William Morris From the Cambridge Chronicle, 23 February 1878.William Morris - 1996details
The Earthly Paradise by William Morris.William Morris - 2001 - Routledge.details
This annotated critical edition is the first attempt to make Morris's 42,000-word verse sequence accessible to a modern audience.
The Henry Morris Collection.Henry Morris - 1984 - Cambridge University Press.details
Henry Morris (1889-1961), the great educational philosopher, and initiator of the integrated community educational centre - embodied in the Cambridgeshire village college system - was county education officer and had his first 'memorandum' on the concept of community education printed by the Cambridge University Press. 1984 is both the 60th anniversary of his first memorandum and the 400th anniversary of the Press and this commemorative book will be published to coincide with a number of events to celebrate that. The (...) book is a collection of his papers, mainly about community education, edited by Professor Harry Re;e, who is closely associated with the Community Education Development Centre in Coventry. (shrink)
Philosophy of Education in Philosophy of Social Science
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The Very Idea of Popular Sovereignty: “We the People” Reconsidered*: CHRISTOPHER W. MORRIS.Christopher W. Morris - 2000 - Social Philosophy and Policy 17 (1):1-26.details
The sovereignty of the people, it is widely said, is the foundation of modern democracy. The truth of this claim depends on the plausibility of attributing sovereignty to “the people” in the first place, and I shall express skepticism about this possibility. I shall suggest as well that the notion of popular sovereignty is complex, and that appeals to the notion may be best understood as expressing several different ideas and ideals. This essay distinguishes many of these and suggests that (...) greater clarity at least would be obtained by focusing directly on these notions and ideals and eschewing that of sovereignty. My claim, however, will not merely be that the notion is multifaceted and complex. I shall argue as well that the doctrine that the people are, or ought to be, sovereign is misleading in potentially dangerous ways, and is conducive to a misunderstanding of the nature of politics, governance, and social order. It would be well to do without the doctrine, but it may be equally important to understand its errors. Our understandings and justifications of democracy, certainly, should dispense with popular sovereignty. (shrink)
Sovereignty in Social and Political Philosophy
The Relation Between Self-Interest and Justice in Contractarian Ethics*: CHRISTOPHER W. MORRIS.Christopher W. Morris - 1988 - Social Philosophy and Policy 5 (2):119-153.details
One of the most noteworthy features of David Gauthier's rational choice, contractarian theory of morality is its appeal to self-interested rationality. This appeal, however, will undoubtedly be the source of much controversy and criticism. For while self-interestedness is characteristic of much human behavior, it is not characteristic of all such behavior, much less of that which is most admirable. Yet contractarian ethics appears to assume that humans are entirely self-interested. It is not usually thought a virtue of a theory that (...) its assumptions are literally false. What may be said on behalf of the contractarian? (shrink)
Justice in Social and Political Philosophy
On God and Mann: A View of Divine Simplicity: THOMAS V. MORRIS.Thomas V. Morris - 1985 - Religious Studies 21 (3):299-318.details
One of the most difficult and perplexing tenets of classical theism is the doctrine of divine simplicity. Broadly put, this is generally understood to be the thesis that God is altogether without any proper parts, composition, or metaphysical complexity whatsoever. For a good deal more than a millennium, veritable armies of philosophical theologians – Jewish, Christian and Islamic – proclaimed the truth and importance of divine simplicity. Yet in our own time, the doctrine has enjoyed no such support. Among many (...) otherwise orthodox theists, those who do not just disregard it completely explicitly deny it. However, in a couple of recent articles, William E. Mann has attempted to expound the idea of divine simplicity anew and to defend it against a number of criticisms. He even has gone so far as to hint at reaffirming its importance, suggesting that the doctrine may have a significant amount of explanatory power and other theoretical virtue as part of an overall account of the nature of God, by either entailing or in other ways providing for much else that traditional theists have wanted to say about God. In this paper, I want to take a close look at Mann's formulation of the doctrine and at a general supporting theory he adumbrates in his attempt to render more plausible, or at least more defensible, various of its elements and implications. As Mann has made what is arguably the best attempt to defend the doctrine in recent years, I think that such an examination is important and will repay our efforts. (shrink)
Divine Simplicity in Philosophy of Religion
Political Writings of William Morris.William Morris & A. L. Morton - 1984 - Science and Society 48 (4):496-499.details
Actuality and Possibility: W. E. Morris.W. E. Morris - 1980 - Philosophy 55 (211):57-72.details
Philosophy, according to a prominent conception of its nature and method, consists primarily of conceptual or linguistic analysis. Because the relations between concepts are logical, and because the propositions which express them are necessary, philosophy is taken to be an a priori activity.
Modality in Metaphysics
Continuous Project Altered Daily: The Writings of Robert Morris.Robert Morris - 1997 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 55 (4):449-451.details
Professor Morris's Lectures on Philosophy and Christianity.George S. Morris - 1883 - Journal of Speculative Philosophy 17 (2):215 - 220.details
Poststructuralism in Continental Philosophy
Divinity, Humanity, and Death: THOMAS V. MORRIS.Thomas V. Morris - 1983 - Religious Studies 19 (4):451-458.details
In an article which appeared a few years ago, entitled ‘God's Death’ , A.D. Smith launched one of the most interesting of recent attacks on the traditional doctrine of the Incarnation. Focusing on the death of Christ, he claimed to demonstrate the logical impossibility of Jesus having been both human and divine. Each of the premises of his argument was said to be a commitment of orthodox theology. He thus presented his reasoning as displaying an internal incoherence in that way (...) of thinking about divinity, humanity, and the person of Christ. The argument was basically quite simple: According to Christian theology and in concurrence with general thought on the matter, we must hold that human death involves the possibility of annihilation. As a man, Jesus of Nazareth faced and underwent a human death. He thus faced the possibility of annihilation. But orthodox theologians hold God to be of such an ontological status that no divine being could even possibly be annihilated. So no divine person could die a human death. From this follows the impossibility of the traditional claim that the Second Person of the divine Trinity became a man, lived a human life, and died a human death for us and our salvation. The qualitative difference between God and man is such as to render incarnational christology an incoherent theological stance. (shrink)
Incarnation in Philosophy of Religion
Descartes Dictionary. Translated and Edited by John M. Morris. --.René Descartes & John Martin Morris - 1971 - Philosophical Library.details
René Descartes in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
The Philosophy of the Act. Edited, with Introd. By Charles W. Morris in Collaboration with John M. Brewster, Albert M. Dunham [and] David L. Miller. [REVIEW]George Herbert Mead, John Monroe Brewster, Albert Millard Dunham, David L. Miller & Charles William Morris - 1967 - University of Chicago Press.details
Mr. William Morris on Art Matters.William Morris & William Morris Society - 1961 - William Morris Society.details
History of Aesthetics in Aesthetics
The Great Legal Philosophers Selected Readings in Jurisprudence; Edited by Clarence Morris. --.Clarence Morris - 1963 - University of Pennsylvania Press.details
William Morris on Art & Design.William Morris & Christine Poulson - 1996details
Anti-Darwinist Approaches in Philosophy of Biology
Foundations of the Unity of Science Toward an International Encyclopedia of Unified Science. Edited by Otto Neurath, Rudolf Carnap [and] Charles Morris. --.Otto Neurath, Charles William Morris & Rudolf Carnap - 1971 - University of Chicago Press.details
Carnap's Intellectual Context in 20th Century Philosophy
A History of Philosophy, From Thales to the Present Time. Tr. By G.S. Morris, with Additions by N. Porter.Friedrich Ueberweg & George Sylvester Morris - 1872details
Milesians in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy
Iskusstvo I Zhizn Izbrannye Stat I, Lektsii, Rechi, Pis Ma.William Morris, Aleksandr Abramovich Anikst, V. A. Smirnov & E. V. Kornilova - 1973 - Iskusstvo.details
Religion & Reason a Symposium.J. Douglas Rabb & William Sparkes Morris - 1983details
Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Wittgenstein and the Tractatus.Michael Morris - 2008 - Routledge.details
Written by a leading expert, this is the ideal guide to the only book Wittgenstein published during his lifetime, the _Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus_. Michael Morris makes sense of Wittgenstein’s brief but often cryptic text, highlighting its key themes. He introduces and analyzes: Wittgenstein’s life and the background to the _Tractatus_ the ideas and text of the _Tractatus_ the continuing importance of Wittgenstein's work to philosophy today, Wittgenstein is the most important twentieth-century philosopher in the English speaking world. This book will (...) be essential reading for all students of philosophy of language and metaphysics. (shrink)
Ludwig Wittgenstein in 20th Century Philosophy
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Descartes' Dualism.Gordon Baker & Katherine Morris - 1995 - Routledge.details
Was Descartes a Cartesian Dualist? In this controversial study, Gordon Baker and Katherine J. Morris argue that, despite the general consensus within philosophy, Descartes was neither a proponent of dualism nor guilty of the many crimes of which he has been accused by twentieth century philosophers. In lively and engaging prose, Baker and Morris present a radical revision of the ways in which Descartes' work has been interpreted. Descartes emerges with both his historical importance assured and his philosophical (...) importance redeemed. (shrink)
Dualism in Philosophy of Mind
The Good and the True.Michael Morris - 1992 - Oxford University Press.details
This book provides a radical alternative to naturalistic theories of content, and offers a new conception of the place of mind in the world. Confronting the scientific conception of the nature of reality that has dominated the Anglo-American philosophical tradition, Morris presents a detailed analysis of content and propositional attitudes based on the idea that truth is a value. He rejects the causal theory of the explanation of behavior and replaces it with an alternative that depends upon a rich (...) conception of the behavior we explain with references to state of mind. His lucid and detailed exposition of this controversial arguments poses an emphatic challenge to the naturalistic orthodoxy in areas as diverse as metaphysics, ethics, and cognitive science. (shrink)
Intentionality in Philosophy of Mind
Metaphysics, General Works in Metaphysics
An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language.Michael Morris - 2006 - Cambridge University Press.details
In this textbook, Michael Morris offers a critical introduction to the central issues of the philosophy of language. Each chapter focusses on one or two texts which have had a seminal influence on work in the subject, and uses these as a way of approaching both the central topics and the various traditions of dealing with them. Texts include classic writings by Frege, Russell, Kripke, Quine, Davidson, Austin, Grice and Wittgenstein. Theoretical jargon is kept to a minimum and is (...) fully explained whenever it is introduced. The range of topics covered includes sense and reference, definite descriptions, proper names, natural-kind terms, de re and de dicto necessity, propositional attitudes, truth-theoretical approaches to meaning, radical interpretation, indeterminacy of translation, speech acts, intentional theories of meaning, and scepticism about meaning. The book will be invaluable to students and to all readers who are interested in the nature of linguistic meaning. (shrink)
Philosophy of Language, General Works in Philosophy of Language
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[Book Review] an Essay on the Modern State. [REVIEW]Christopher W. Morris - 1998 - Ethics 110 (1):165-187.details
This important book is the first serious philosophical examination of the modern state. It inquires into the justification of this particular form of political society. It asks whether all states are 'nation-states', what are the alternative ways of organizing society, and which conditions make a state legitimate. The author concludes that, while states can be legitimate, they typically fail to have the powers that they claim. Many books analyze government and its functions but none focuses on the state as a (...) distinctive form of political organization or examines critically the claims states make for themselves. In filling this lacuna Christopher Morris has written a book that will command the attention of political philosophers, political scientists, legal theorists, and specialists in international relations. (shrink)
Political Obligation in Philosophy of Law
State Coercion and Force.Christopher W. Morris - 2012 - Social Philosophy and Policy 29 (1):28-49.details
Research Articles Christopher W. Morris, Social Philosophy and Policy, FirstView Article.
Autonomy in Social and Political Philosophy
The Substance Argument of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus.Michael Morris - 2016 - Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy 4 (7).details
In Morris I presented in outline a new interpretation of the famous ‘substance argument’ in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus. The account I presented there gave a distinctive view of Wittgenstein’s main concerns in the argument, but did not explain in detail how the argument works: how its steps are to be found in the text, and how it concludes. I remain convinced that the interpretation I proposed correctly identifies the main concerns which lie behind the argument. I return to the argument (...) here in order to elaborate in fuller detail the relation between those concerns and the actual course of the text. (shrink)
The Discovery of the Individual, 1050-1200.Colin Morris - 1972 - University of Toronto Press in Association with the Medieval Academy of America.details
Colin Morris traces the origin of the concept of the individual, not to the Renaissance where it is popularly assumed to have been invented, but farther back, ...
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The Evolution of Cooperative Behavior and its Implications for Ethics.Stephen G. Morris - 2009 - Philosophy of Science 76 (5):915-926.details
While many philosophers agree that evolutionary theory has important implications for the study of ethics, there has been no consensus on what these implications are. I argue that we can better understand these implications by examining two related yet distinct issues in evolutionary theory: the evolution of our moral beliefs and the evolution of cooperative behavior. While the prevailing evolutionary account of morality poses a threat to moral realism, a plausible model of how altruism evolved in human beings provides the (...) grounding for a research program that focuses on achieving some of the more practical goals shared by ethicists. †To contact the author, please write to: Department of Political Science, Economics, and Philosophy, College of Staten Island/City University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY 10314; e‐mail: stephen.morris@csi.cuny.edu. (shrink)
Evolution of Morality in Normative Ethics
An Essay on the Modern State.A. John Simmons & Christopher W. Morris - 2000 - Philosophical Review 109 (2):271.details
Contemporary political philosophers routinely assume that some form of the modern, territorial state must be justified and that in a justified state most of the claims that modern states make will be vindicated. The principal question for them is what form the state must take in order to achieve this justification. How minimal or extensive must the state be, how responsive to groups within its territories and to people without must it be, and so on. Christopher Morris’s An Essay (...) on the Modern State argues, in effect, that political philosophers should take a step backward from this starting point, to first examine more carefully the state itself, its purported justifications, and the claims states typically make over people and territories. This seems to me exactly the right prescription for political philosophy, and Morris’s book is an excellent illustration of how this step might be taken. Morris’s approach not only brings contemporary preoccupations into closer contact with those of classical political philosophy, it also nicely shows just how the projects of mainstream contemporary political philosophy are related to those of more radical and revisionist theory. (shrink)
An Essay on the Modern State.Christopher W. Morris - 1998 - Cambridge University Press.details
SBNR: Spiritual but Not Religious - an Alternative View.Brian Morris - 2016 - Australian Humanist, The 124:12.details
Morris, Brian The dust has not settled on this year's disastrous Census, yet already there are calls to amend the question on Religious Affiliation. While the latest change brought Australia into line with most Western countries - by placing 'No Religion' as first option - elements of the 'not-quite-religious' community feel bitterly aggrieved.
The Writing of Organic Fiction: A Conversation.Wright Morris & Wayne C. Booth - 1976 - Critical Inquiry 3 (2):387-404.details
MORRIS: But come back to that other kind of fiction, in which the author himself is involved with his works, not merely in writing something for other people but in writing what seems to be necessary to his conscious existence, to his sense of well-being. For such a writer, when he finished with something he finishes with it; he is not left with continuations that he can go on knitting until he runs out of yarn. This conceit reflects my (...) own experience as a writer, relying on the sap that keeps rising, the force that drives the flower, as Dylan Thomas put it. It is plantlike. We put it in the sun and when it doesn't grow, we take it and put it in another room. I don't think of repotting the plant. The plant must make its own way. BOOTH: I like the organic metaphor, but I keep wanting to come back to particular cases to see how you actually work, in literal detail. Even the organic novelist obviously still has the matter of collecting notes, starting a novel, having it fail to go. Let me put a simple question, and move out from there. How many actual novels, whether they ever reach fruition or not, do you have "growing" at a given time? MORRIS: You don't mean simultaneously? BOOTH: I mean actual notes that exist in some kind of manuscript form, starts on a novel, something you are actually working on. MORRIS: It is so unusual for me to have more than one or two things in mind at once that I don't find this a fruitful question. Wright Morris's work as a novelist, essayist, and photographer is examined by prominent critics in Conversations with Wright Morris; the collection, edited by Robert E. Knoll, was published in the spring of 1977 by the University of Nebraska Press. "The Writing of Organic Fiction" is a chapter in that book. Wayne C. Booth's other contributions to Critical Inquiry include "Kenneth Burke's Way of Knowing" ,"Irony and Pity Once Again: Thais Revisited" , "M.H. Abrams: Historian as Critic, Critic as Pluralist" , “'Preserving the Exemplar': Or, How Not to Dig our Own Graves" , "Notes and Exchanges" , "Metaphor as Rhetoric: The Problem of Evaluation" ,"Ten Literal 'Theses" , and, with Robert E. Streeter, W.J.T. Mitchell: "Sheldon Sacks 1930-1979". (shrink)
Words and Images in Modernism and Postmodernism.Robert Morris - 1989 - Critical Inquiry 15 (2):337-347.details
To speak of the nature of an image is to initiate a problematic second only to that raised by considerations of the nature of language. To inquire into the relations between image and language is to step into a very old philosophical problem. Nevertheless, I would hope at least to approach the edge of such an encounter in the attempt to see what relevance it might have for recent past art. Certainly the term “image” has had a long and embattled (...) history. A taxonomy and a genealogy of the term might be in order. Do we wish to speak of mental images or of optical ones? What about perceptual images or the verbal images of descriptions and metaphors? To consider the sense data and appearances of the perceptual, or the dreams, fantasies, memories, and ideas of the mental image is to review an entire Western philosophical discourse. We might consider the issue of what may or may not be in the mind as an image; or the relation of visual images to linguistic terms; or the relation between objects and visual images that stand for them. Certainly the ways of formulating such relations have decided the divisions of Western metaphysics. Representational theories of the mind revolve around such issues and imply the persistent division of mind from body, subject from object.Let me say right away that my interests here are not to review an entire philosophical discourse with the hope of establishing a clarity of distinctions between the imagistic and the linguistic. Rather the assumption here is that the two are inextricably entangled, and the interest is to see how certain art in this century has resisted or embraced this entanglement. Robert Morris is an artist and a professor at Hunter College. A collection of his writings is forthcoming. (shrink)
Gilles Deleuze in Continental Philosophy
Knowledge and Ideology: The Epistemology of Social and Political Critique.Michael Morris - 2016 - Cambridge University Press.details
Ideology critique generally seeks to undermine selected theories and beliefs by demonstrating their partisan origins and their insidious social functions. This approach rightly reveals the socially implicated nature of much purported knowledge, but also brackets or bypasses its cognitive properties. In contrast, Michael Morris argues that it is possible to integrate the social and epistemic dimensions of belief in a way that preserves the cognitive and adjudicatory capacities of reason, while acknowledging that reason itself is inevitably social, historical, and (...) interested. Drawing upon insights from Hegel, Lukács, Mannheim, and Habermas, he interprets and reconstructs Marx's critique of ideology as a positive theory of knowledge, one that reconciles the inherently interested and inextricably situated nature of thought with more traditional conceptions of rational adjudication, normativity, and truth. His wide-ranging examination of the social and epistemic dimensions of ideology will interest readers in political philosophy and political theory. (shrink)
Merleau-Ponty's Developmental Ontology.David Morris - 2019 - Carbondale, IL, USA: Northwestern University Press.details
Merleau-Ponty's Developmental Ontology shows how the philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, from its very beginnings, seeks to find sense or meaning within nature, and how this quest calls for and develops into a radically new ontology. -/- David Morris first gives an illuminating analysis of sense, showing how it requires understanding nature as engendering new norms. He then presents innovative studies of Merleau-Ponty's The Structure of Behavior and Phenomenology of Perception, revealing how these early works are oriented by the problem (...) of sense and already lead to difficulties about nature, temporality, and ontology that preoccupy Merleau-Ponty's later work. Morris shows how resolving these difficulties requires seeking sense through its appearance in nature, prior to experience—ultimately leading to radically new concepts of nature, time, and philosophy. -/- Merleau-Ponty's Developmental Ontology makes key issues in Merleau-Ponty's philosophy clear and accessible to a broad audience while also advancing original philosophical conclusions. (shrink)
Maurice Merleau-Ponty in Continental Philosophy
Perception and Phenomenology in Philosophy of Mind
Physicalism Deconstructed: Levels of Reality and the Mind–Body Problem.Kevin Morris - 2018 - Cambridge University Press.details
How should thought and consciousness be understood within a view of the world as being through-and-through physical? Many philosophers have proposed non-reductive, levels-based positions, according to which the physical domain is fundamental, while thought and consciousness are higher-level processes, dependent on and determined by physical processes. In this book, Kevin Morris's careful philosophical and historical critique shows that it is very difficult to make good metaphysical sense of this idea - notions like supervenience, physical realization, and grounding all fail (...) to articulate a viable non-reductive, levels-based physicalism. Challenging assumptions about the mind-body problem and providing new perspectives on the debate over physicalism, this accessible and comprehensive book will interest scholars working in metaphysics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science. (shrink)
Formulating Physicalism in Philosophy of Mind
Grounding in Metaphysics
Nonreductive Materialism in Philosophy of Mind
Realization in Metaphysics
The Exclusion Problem in Philosophy of Mind
Quine, New Foundations, and the Philosophy of Set Theory.Sean Morris - 2018 - Cambridge University Press.details
Quine's set theory, New Foundations, has often been treated as an anomaly in the history and philosophy of set theory. In this book, Sean Morris shows that it is in fact well-motivated, emerging in a natural way from the early development of set theory. Morris introduces and explores the notion of set theory as explication: the view that there is no single correct axiomatization of set theory, but rather that the various axiomatizations all serve to explicate the notion (...) of set and are judged largely according to pragmatic criteria. Morris also brings out the important interplay between New Foundations, Quine's philosophy of set theory, and his philosophy more generally. We see that his early technical work in logic foreshadows his later famed naturalism, with his philosophy of set theory playing a crucial role in his primary philosophical project of clarifying our conceptual scheme and specifically its logical and mathematical components. (shrink)
Reading Opera Between the Lines: Orchestral Interludes and Cultural Meaning From Wagner to Berg.Christopher Morris - 2002 - Cambridge University Press.details
A characteristic feature of Wagnerian and post-Wagnerian opera is the tendency to link scenes with numerous and often surprisingly lengthy orchestral interludes, frequently performed with the curtain closed. Often taken for granted or treated as a filler by audiences and critics, these interludes can take on very prominent roles, representing dream sequences, journeys and sexual encounters, and in some cases becoming a highlight of the opera. Christopher Morris investigates the implications of these important but strangely overlooked passages. Combining close (...) readings of individual musical texts with an investigation of the critical discourse surrounding the operas, Morris shows how the interludes shed light not only on the representational and narrative capacities of the orchestra, but also on the supposed 'absolute' realm of instrumental music, a concept to which many critics appealed when they associated the interludes with 'purely musical' and 'symphonic' qualities. (shrink)
Philosophy of Music in Aesthetics
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The Brothel Boy, and Other Parables of the Law.Norval Morris - 1992 - Oxford University Press.details
The mystery does not always end when the crime has been solved. Indeed, the most insolvable problems of crime and punishment are not so much who committed the crime, but how to see that justice is done. Now, in this illuminating volume, one of America's great legal thinkers, Norval Morris, addresses some of the most perplexing and controversial questions of justice in a highly singular fashion--by examining them in fictional form, in what he calls "parables of the law." The (...) protagonist of these stories, the figure who must see that justice is done, is Eric Blair, a name familiar to most readers: it's the real name of George Orwell. In fact, Morris has set his tales in the time and place of Orwell's famous essay, "Shooting an Elephant," in Moulmein, Burma, in the 1920s. What might seem a curious strategy at first glance--borrowing Orwell's persona to narrate these tales--is actually a brilliant stroke. For in Eric Blair we have an ideal narrator to highlight the complexities of justice: an untrained police lieutenant and junior magistrate, uncertain of judgement--and all the more likely to anguish over judgement, and to examine every facet of a case before deciding. And in 1920s Moulmein we have a neutral time and space in which to consider--free of our own political, religious, or social prejudices--a set of contemporary legal and moral questions that rarely find so calm an arena. And these stories certainly address some highly charged issues--capital punishment, insanity as a murder defense, the "battered wife syndrome" as a murder defense, child custody, "parental neglect" due to religious conviction--to name a few. In each tale, Norval Morris excels at placing Blair at the center of a controversy that has no easy answer, and that he and he alone must decide. In the title story, for instance, a retarded boy, whose only understanding of sex comes from the brothel in which he works, accidentally murders a young girl while raping her, his only defense being "Please sir, I paid her." Blair can see that the boy doesn't realize that he has committed a crime, but both the Burmese and the European community of Moulmein demand the boy's execution. Does capital punishment make sense in such an instance? Does it ever make sense? To broaden our understanding of these intricate cases, Morris concludes each story with a perceptive and often provocative commentary on each issue. After "Brothel Boy," for instance, Morris points out that no reputable study has ever shown capital punishment to be an effective deterrent to future murders, and more surprisingly, that paroled murderers commit proportionately fewer homicides than paroled felons who used a firearm in the commission of their crime. Norval Morris is one of America's foremost experts on crime and punishment, and the stories collected here represent the culmination of a lifetime of thought on the major criminal law debates of our time. A reader of these tales will come away with a deeper understanding of these debates and with a profound respect for the intricacies of justice and the complexity of the law. (shrink)
Criminal Justice Ethics in Applied Ethics
Death and Dying in Applied Ethics
Surveying Freedom: Folk Intuitions About Free Will and Moral Responsibility.Eddy Nahmias, Stephen Morris, Thomas Nadelhoffer & Jason Turner - 2005 - Philosophical Psychology 18 (5):561-584.details
Philosophers working in the nascent field of ‘experimental philosophy’ have begun using methods borrowed from psychology to collect data about folk intuitions concerning debates ranging from action theory to ethics to epistemology. In this paper we present the results of our attempts to apply this approach to the free will debate, in which philosophers on opposing sides claim that their view best accounts for and accords with folk intuitions. After discussing the motivation for such research, we describe our methodology of (...) surveying people’s prephilosophical judgments about the freedom and responsibility of agents in deterministic scenarios. In two studies, we found that a majority of participants judged that such agents act of their own free will and are morally responsible for their actions. We then discuss the philosophical implications of our results as well as various difficulties inherent in such research. (shrink)
Experimental Philosophy: Folk Morality in Metaphilosophy
Experimental Philosophy: Free Will in Metaphilosophy
Free Will and Psychology in Philosophy of Action
Free Will and Responsibility in Philosophy of Action
Incompatibilism in Philosophy of Action
Theories of Freedom in Social and Political Philosophy
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Comparing Big Givers and Small Givers: Financial Correlates of Corporate Philanthropy. [REVIEW]Bruce Seifert, Sara A. Morris & Barbara R. Bartkus - 2003 - Journal of Business Ethics 45 (3):195 - 211.details
In a departure from the traditional studies of corporate philanthropy that focus on board composition, advertising, and social networks, the authors investigate the financial correlates of corporate philanthropy. The research design controls for firm size and industry while observing firms from a variety of industries. The sample contains matched pairs of generous and less generous corporate givers. The authors find, as hypothesized, a positive relationship between a firm''s cash resources available and cash donations, but no significant relationship between corporate philanthropy (...) and firm financial performance, regardless of whether corporate philanthropy is measured as cash payouts or the aggregate contributions that charities actually receive, and regardless of whether financial performance is gauged using accounting measures or market measures. Whereas the link between available resources and corporate philanthropy is well accepted in the literature on corporate social responsibility, it has been rarely tested and never so definitively found as in this research. (shrink)
Conscious and Unconscious Emotional Learning in the Human Amygdala.J. S. Morris, A. Ohman & Raymond J. Dolan - 1998 - Nature 393:467-470.details
Emotion and Consciousness in Psychology in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
The Phenomenology of Free Will.Eddy Nahmias, Stephen G. Morris, Thomas Nadelhoffer & Jason Turner - 2004 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 11 (7-8):162-179.details
Philosophers often suggest that their theories of free will are supported by our phenomenology. Just as their theories conflict, their descriptions of the phenomenology of free will often conflict as well. We suggest that this should motivate an effort to study the phenomenology of free will in a more systematic way that goes beyond merely the introspective reports of the philosophers themselves. After presenting three disputes about the phenomenology of free will, we survey the (limited) psychological research on the experiences (...) relevant to the philosophical debates and then describe some pilot studies of our own with the aim of encouraging further research. The data seem to support compatibilist descriptions of the phenomenology more than libertarian descriptions. We conclude that the burden is on libertarians to find empirical support for their more demanding metaphysical theories with their more controversial phenomenological claims. (shrink)
The Role of Moral Intensity in Moral Judgments: An Empirical Investigation. [REVIEW]Sara A. Morris & Robert A. McDonald - 1995 - Journal of Business Ethics 14 (9):715 - 726.details
Jones (1991) has proposed an issue-contingent model of ethical decision making by individuals in organizations. The distinguishing feature of the issue was identified as its moral intensity, which determines the moral imperative in the situation. In this study, we adapted three scenarios from the literature in order to examine the issue-contingent model. Findings, based on a student sample, suggest that (1) the perceived and actual dimensions of moral intensity often differed; (2) perceived moral intensity variables, in the aggregate, significantly affected (...) an individual''s moral judgments; and (3) some dimensions of moral intensity (namely, perceived social consensus and perceived magnitude of consequences) mattered more than others. (shrink)
The Ethical Context of Entrepreneurship: Proposing and Testing a Developmental Framework. [REVIEW]Michael H. Morris, Minet Schindehutte, John Walton & Jeffrey Allen - 2002 - Journal of Business Ethics 40 (4):331 - 361.details
The aim of this study is to increase our understanding of the ethical climate of entrepreneurial firms as they grow and develop. A developmental framework is introduced to describe the formal and informal ethical structures that emerge in entrepreneurial firms over time. Factors influencing where firms are within the developmental framework are posited, including the entrepreneur's psychological profile, lifecycle stage of the business, and descriptive characteristics of the venture. It is also proposed that the implementation of ethical structures will impact (...) perceptions of the clarity and adequacy of the ethical standards of the firm and the firm's preparedness to deal with ethical challenges as they arise. Results are reported of a cross-sectional survey of small firms at different stages of development. The findings indicate the existence of four distinct clusters of firms based on their formal and informal ethical structures: Superlatives, Core Proponents, Pain and Gain, and Deficients. Evidence is also provided of statistically significant relationships between the proposed antecedent and outcome variables. Implications are drawn from the results, and priorities are established for future research. (shrink)
Imagery and Consciousness.P. E. Morris & P. J. Hampson - 1983 - Academic Press.details
Mental Imagery in Philosophy of Mind
Visual Imagery and Imagination in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
David Hume.William Edward Morris - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.details
Hume: Introductions and Anthologies in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Our Idea of God: An Introduction to Philosophical Theology.Thomas V. Morris - 1991 - Intervarsity Press.details
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by Sheldon Pearce
Bauhaus’ Career Chronicled in New Book BAUHAUS UNDEAD
Featuring handmade flyers, backstage passes, and photos curated by original member Kevin Haskins
Photo by Fin Costello/Redferns
English goth rock band Bauhaus will have their career chronicled in a new book. It’s called BAUHAUS UNDEAD: The Visual History and Legacy of Bauhaus, and it’s curated by original member Kevin Haskins. Haskins shared personal materials and recollections from the band’s run. The book features handmade flyers, backstage passes, photos, contracts, handwritten lyrics, a Bauhaus comic strip, and more. See the cover art, as well as images from the book, below. Find more information and updates on the book here, and read an excerpt from the “Iggy Pop” chapter here.
Bauhaus’ “Bela Lugosi’s Dead” placed 138 on Pitchfork’s “The 200 Best Songs of the 1970s.” Check out the whole list here.
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PlanetRulers - Current Heads of State & Dictators
Photos and bios of the current Heads of State, Dictators and First Ladies
Current Dictators
Find Leaders
First Lady of the United States
Jan 19, 2017 | Category: First Ladies
Melania Trump, First Lady of the United States
Melania Trump, born on April 26, 1970, is a Slovene-American former model and the current First Lady of the United States. She is married to an American businessman and 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump. Born in the former Yugoslavia, she became a permanent resident of the United States in 2001 and a citizen in 2006. She is the second foreign-born First Lady of the United States, following Louisa Adams in 1825, and the first who is a non-native English speaker.
Melanija Knavs was born in Novo Mesto in the southeast of Slovenia, then part of Yugoslavia, on April 26, 1970. She is a daughter of Amalija (née Ulčnik) and Viktor Knavs, who managed car and motorcycle dealerships for a state-owned vehicle manufacturer. Her father was from the nearby town of Radeče. Her mother came from the village of Raka, and was a patternmaker at the children’s clothing manufacturer “Jutranjka” in Sevnica. When later working as a model, she changed the Slovene form of her last name Knavs to the German Knauss.
She grew up in a modest apartment in a housing block in Sevnica, in Slovenia’s Lower Sava Valley. She has a sister, Ines, and an elder half-brother Denis, whom she reportedly has never met, from her father’s previous relationship. Although Melania’s family comes from a Roman Catholic background, her father, to the dismay of their relatives, wished for her to not receive the Christian sacraments of Baptism and Holy Communion due to his commitment to Marxist-Leninist atheism. Melania, however, was later married in an Episcopal Church of Bethesda-by-the-Sea and has received Holy Communion there at Midnight Mass during her recent Christmas celebrations.
When she was a teenager, the family moved to a two-story house in Sevnica, and as a high school student, she lived in a high-rise apartment in Ljubljana. Melanija attended the Secondary School of Design and Photography in Ljubljana, and studied at the University of Ljubljana for one year before dropping out. She speaks six languages: English, French, Italian, German, Serbo-Croatian and her native Slovene.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump
Michelle Obama, Former First Lady of the United States
When people ask First Lady Michelle Obama to describe herself, she doesn’t hesitate to say that first and foremost, she is Malia and Sasha’s mom.
But before she was a mother – or a wife, lawyer or public servant – she was Fraser and Marian Robinson’s daughter.
The Robinsons lived in a brick bungalow on the South Side of Chicago. Fraser was a pump operator for the Chicago Water Department, and despite being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis at a young age, he hardly ever missed a day of work. Marian stayed home to raise Michelle and her older brother Craig, skillfully managing a busy household filled with love, laughter, and important life lessons.
A product of Chicago public schools, Mrs. Obama studied sociology and African-American studies at Princeton University. After graduating from Harvard Law School in 1988, she joined the Chicago law firm Sidley & Austin, where she later met the man who would become the love of her life.
After a few years, Mrs. Obama decided her true calling was working with people to serve their communities and their neighbors. She served as assistant commissioner of planning and development in Chicago’s City Hall before becoming the founding executive director of the Chicago chapter of Public Allies, an AmeriCorps program that prepares youth for public service.
In 1996, Mrs. Obama joined the University of Chicago with a vision of bringing campus and community together. As Associate Dean of Student Services, she developed the university’s first community service program, and under her leadership as Vice President of Community and External Affairs for the University of Chicago Medical Center, volunteerism skyrocketed.
Promoting Service and working with young people has remained a staple of her career and her interest. Continuing this effort now as First Lady, Mrs. Obama recently launched the Let’s Move! campaign to bring together community leaders, teachers, doctors, nurses, moms and dads in a nationwide effort to tackle the challenge of childhood obesity. Let’s Move! has an ambitious but important goal: to solve the epidemic of childhood obesity within a generation.
Let’s Move! will give parents the support they need, provide healthier food in schools, help our kids to be more physically active, and make healthy, affordable food available in every part of our country.
As First Lady, Mrs. Obama looks forward to continuing her work on the issues close to her heart — supporting military families, helping working women balance career and family, encouraging national service, promoting the arts and arts education, and fostering healthy eating and healthy living for children and families across the country.
Michelle and Barack Obama have two daughters: Malia, 11, and Sasha, 8. Like their mother, the girls were born on the South Side of Chicago.
Current First Ladies
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Plus Advent Calendar Door #3: Throwing shapes
If you want to draw a rhombus on dotty paper, can you start with any two dots?
Explore the question with the interactivity on the Wild Maths website, where you can also find some follow-up questions. Have fun!
Wild Maths encourages students to explore maths beyond the classroom and is designed to nurture mathematical creativity. The site is aimed at 7 to 16 year-olds, but open to all. It provides games, investigations, stories and spaces to explore, where discoveries are to be made. Some have starting points, some a big question and others offer you a free space to investigate.
Return to the Plus Advent Calendar
Plus Advent Calendar Door #4: Origami fractions
Can you fold a piece of paper in half? Of course you can, it's easy, you just match the two corners along one side. But can you fold it in thirds? You might be able to with a bit of fiddling and guessing, but what about fifths? Or sevenths? Or thirteenths? There is a simple way you can fold a piece of paper into any fraction you would like – exactly – no guessing or fiddling needed!
To find out how to do it, read Folding fractions.
This article was inspired by content on Wild Maths, which encourages students to explore maths beyond the classroom and is designed to nurture mathematical creativity. The site is aimed at 7 to 16 year-olds, but open to all. It provides games, investigations, stories and spaces to explore, where discoveries are to be made. Some have starting points, some a big question and others offer you a free space to investigate.
Plus Advent Calendar Door #2: Shake to solve
Sometimes real progress in maths comes when you find a way of looking at a problem in two different ways. Here is a great example of this.
Suppose you have people in a room and each person shakes hands with each other person once. How many handshakes do you get in total? The first person shakes hands with other people, the second shakes hands with the remaining people, the third shakes hands with remaining people, etc, giving a total of
handshakes.
But we can also look at this in another way: each person shakes hands with others and there are people, giving handshakes. But this counts every handshake twice, so we need to divide by 2, giving a total of
Putting these two arguments together, we have just come up with the formula for summing the first integers and we’ve proved that it is correct:
This puzzle is inspired by content on our sister site Wild Maths, which encourages students to explore maths beyond the classroom and is designed to nurture mathematical creativity. The site is aimed at 7 to 16 year-olds, but open to all. It provides games, investigations, stories and spaces to explore, where discoveries are to be made. Some have starting points, some a big question and others offer you a free space to investigate.
Plus Advent Calendar Door #1: Feeding the meter
Only three things in life are certain: death, taxes and parking fees. But even a menacing parking meter is an excuse to do some maths.
Imagine, for example, that the car park costs £1.50. The machine only accepts 10p and 20p coins. There are obviously different ways of putting the money into the car park machine, for example
10p, 10p, 20p, 20p, 10p, 10p, 10p, 10p, 20p, 10p, 10p, 10p
10p, 10p, 10p, 10p, 20p, 20p, 20p, 10p, 20p, 20p.
You could probably go for the rest of the month without feeding the machine in the same way twice. Can you feed the machine in a different way each day of the year?
You can find a longer version of this puzzle, including some follow-up questions to investigate, on the Wild Maths site. Wild Maths encourages students to explore maths beyond the classroom and is designed to nurture mathematical creativity. The site is aimed at 7 to 16 year-olds, but open to all. It provides games, investigations, stories and spaces to explore, where discoveries are to be made. Some have starting points, some a big question and others offer you a free space to investigate.
Celebrating national cat day!
Today is national cat day in the US! To mark the occasion, here's a quick introduction to the most famous cat in the history of science: Schrödinger's cat.
Schrödinger's cat. Image: Dhatfield.
One interpretation of the strange theory of quantum mechanics is that tiny particles can simultaneously exist in states that we would usually deem mutually exclusive. For example, an electron can be in two places at once, or a radioactive atom can be both decayed an non-decayed at the same time. It's only when we go to measure a system in superposition, as this strange state is called, that reality somehow "collapses" to one of the possibilities.
In 1935 the physicist Erwin Schrödinger, who made major contributions to the theory of quantum mechanics, developed a thought experiment in order to demonstrate just how counter-intuitive the idea of superposition is. We let him describe it in his own words, taken from a translation of his 1935 paper:
One can even set up quite ridiculous cases. A cat is penned up in a steel chamber, along with the following device (which must be secured against direct interference by the cat): in a Geiger counter there is a tiny bit of radioactive substance, so small, that perhaps in the course of the hour one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none; if it happens, the counter tube discharges and through a relay releases a hammer which shatters a small flask of hydrocyanic acid.
Thus, when an atom decays, poison will be released from the flask and the cat killed. And here's the main point. If it is true that, as long as we don't look, the system can evolve into a superposition state of atoms being simultaneously decayed and not decayed, then it follows that, as long as we don't look, the cat will be simultaneously dead and alive. Poor cat. Or should we say lucky cat?
You can find out more in Schrödinger's equation — what is it? and Schrödinger's equation — what does it mean?.
Maths and the arts live in Cambridge
Barrow has written a book about maths and the arts.
John D. Barrow, mathematician, cosmologist and boss of Plus, explores maths and the arts in a public talk in Cambridge on Monday, 02 November 2015. Barrow will look at ways in which maths can shed light upon a range of questions in the arts and how problems of art and design inspire new mathematical questions. The canvas will be broadly drawn with examples from different areas of the arts, including painting, textual analysis, diamond cutting, Henry Moore's stringed figures, ballet, and even the best place to stand when viewing statues.
The talk is from 19:30 to 21:00 at Churchill College, Wolfson Lecture Theatre, Storeys Way, Cambridge CB3 0DS. It is organised by the Cambridge Society for the Application of Research. Non-members will be asked to pay a nominal entry fee of £3.00. Find out more here.
Inverse problems save the day
Inverse problems are mathematical detective problems. They can help solve crimes, are used in medical imaging, and much more.
Looking for love?
Find out how OKCupid's algorithm works.
A cute problem goes big
Mathematicians have revived an old approach to solving the famous Riemann hypothesis.
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The Post-Punk Professor
Reading my way through pop culture one book at a time
Tag: Blitz
Blitzed!
Blitzed! The Autobiography of Steve Strange (2002)
Steve Strange
(Or Notes on New Romantic/New Wave Masculinity)
For all the talk about Spandau Ballet and Duran Duran as New Romantic bands, it’s really Steve Strange who was the first New Romantic. Spandau might’ve supplied the soundtrack to the scene, but Steve Strange provide the venue: the Blitz. The Blitz was essential not just as a place for the New Romantics to gather but it was also a state of mind. Strange and business partner/club DJ Rusty Egan created an oasis where artists in various genres and levels of development were able to express themselves and their world view through their fashion and through the music to which they liked to dance. Strange’s clubs were staging grounds for self-discovery and artistic development and the Blitz was also vital to the revitalization of dance club culture in England in the late 70s and early 1980s. Disco obviously made people want to gather together and boogie, but the Blitz represented a true “club culture” in that its reach of influence extended beyond the dance floor. It was a place to dance, be seen, and to draw inspiration. For the New Romantics, dancing in a club replaced or bettered seeing a live band. In a club, the dancers were the show and the music existed to support their performance. Gary Kemp even argued that Spandau Ballet was “a mirror to [their] audience. An applause, if you like” (I Know This Much, 122).
New Romantic makeup was way beyond guyliner. Strange set the bar for experimentation high!
Strange was also the singer for the band Visage whose song, “Fade to Grey” is a cornerstone of the New Romantic sound. Midge Ure and Billy Currie of Ultravox, Rusty Egan, and John McGeoch, Dave Formula, and Barry Adamson of Magazine rounded out Visage’s early lineup. Strange’s extreme fashion and makeup inspired many of the other New Romantics who went to the Blitz. Strange had style, panache, and, well, balls. Not only did he not let Mick Jagger into the Blitz one night, he regularly excluded the “little people” by turning a hand mirror to them and saying, “Would you let yourself in?” (51). He was a creative, funny man who never quite got enough credit for helping so many people launch their careers. He died far too young in 2015.
I thought I would approach this post differently than the others I’ve written so far. My goal for this summer was to write a journal article that back in June I thought might be about Adam Ant. Or Liberace. Or both? Maybe something about celebrity autobiographies since last summer I wrote a chapter on gay celebrity autobiography for a book about gay autobiography edited by a former colleague. It took awhile for all of those kinda-related-but-not-really ideas to percolate and turn into a drinkable brew, but I do think I have some idea of what I want to do now. In order to pursue more solid thoughts about the whole thing – and to give me more to work from when it comes to researching – I’m going to use this post on Strange’s autobiography to track/record what I’ve already identified as recurring themes and to maybe discover a few more.
What’s the big idea? I would like to write about New Romantics/New Wave masculinity: how do men who participated in a certain genre(s) of music in the early 1980s write about themselves as men? How do they talk about their identity and what is different about it for them and for us, the readers? What can we learn from looking at musicians who participated in creating culture at a certain period of time and in a particular place? The other issue I need to wrestle with is how a musician’s autobiography might be different from celebrities in other fields.
Musical inspirations (Bowie, Roxy Music, Sex Pistols):
Bowie was the gateway drug for both punks and the New Romantics who followed them. Every single man I’ve read about: Marc Almond, Pete Burns, Adam Ant, Boy George, Gary Kemp, Tony Hadley, Andy Taylor, John Taylor, and Billy Idol were all obsessed with Bowie.
“I liked Marc Bolan and Bryan Ferry, but Bowie was the best. By the summer of 1973 he was at his commercial peak, having already topped the album charts with Aladdin Sane earlier in the year. I had his posters all over my wall. He seemed to be perfect. He had a great look and made great music. I admired the way he was able to reinvent himself with a new look for each album” (17).
And the inevitable slide from Bowie into punk:
“It was places like this [clothing stores in London] that I first saw the punk thing happening long before the press picked up on it. People like Siouxsie Sioux and Billy Idol would be hanging around and I’d see how they were being creative and not just wearing clothes they had bought in the high street chain stores […] Back in Wales I started putting my own outfits together, wearing plastic bin bags and ripping up clothes and safety pinning them back together. I dyed my hair jet black and made it stand up in spikes. Word soon got around about my appearance. The Western Mail ran an article with the headline ‘Hey punks, meet the chain gang’ and said I was the first punk in Wales. There was a photo of me in my black plastic jumpsuit with my eyes heavily made up, my nose pierced and three chains from my nose to my left ear. The feature talked about this outrageous new cult and quoted me as saying that the only thing that worried my mum ‘is the neighbours’” (25-26).
Strange saw the Sex Pistols at the Stowaway Club in Newport, Wales in September, 1976.
“The Sex Pistols had the biggest effect on me. I saw those four lads and thought that anyone could get up onstage and be in a band. Seeing them made me decide I wanted to have another go at being in a band. They were saying ‘we can’t play’ and neither could I, but now it didn’t matter” (27).
There’s also a great story about Strange’s first gay sexual experience being with Jean-Jacques Burnel, the bassist of The Stranglers. They hooked up after a Stranglers show. Strange took Burnel back to his mom’s house! That’s not part of the autobiographical study or anything, it’s just good gossip!
In returning to Bowie, Strange and a few other New Romantics were featured in Bowie’s video for “Ashes to Ashes” after Bowie took in the scene at the Blitz one night, was impressed with what he saw, and asked Strange to turn up with some friends the next day to make a video. Strange, Judith Franklin, Darla Jane Gilroy all dressed “as gothic ecclesiastical priests, in black and white, topped off with beads and crucifixes” (52) and walked along the beach with Bowie followed by a bulldozer.
In these examples, Strange reflects what many post-punk/new wave/New Romantic men articulate in their autobiographies. Bowie sets the example for outrageous fashion as an outward expression an internally complex (non-traditional male) self. Additionally, fashion and music become twinned and equitable modes of exploration, and finally, the Sex Pistols give the writer courage to explore fashion’s furthest reaches and/or to start a band.
This reliance on fashion is an important clue to new wave masculinity. It isn’t all that different from Mods or Teds or any other British teen subculture, but there is one essential difference: an expressed desire to be a new kind of man, one not bound by society’s definitions of traditional masculinity. This desire to be something other than a traditional man was explored via punk but through New Romanticism, it become san embrace of more feminine clothing and makeup. Punks weren’t traditionally masculine but they were tough and toughness doesn’t necessarily transfer over into post-punk sensibilities.
Experimentation/invention of self
Strange has a pretty amazing tale of leaving Wales to live with various punk luminaries he met after shows. He was friendly with Glen Matlock and lived in a squat with Billy Idol. He was also in a punk band called the Moors Murderers with Chrissie Hynde, though the band dissolved before they could actually record anything. Punk, however, stopped being interesting for Strange.
Strange, Billy Idol, and Perry Lister
“I’d go to a Siouxsie and the Banshees gig in a Vivienne Westwood outfit, and the bottom of bill would be a skinhead band or a band like UK Subs. It got so the stage where in your blood you thought, ‘I’ve got to get out of here or I’m gonna get my head kicked in.’ Punk, which was supposed to bring people together was now dividing them again. An overtone of violence was in the air when these band were on the bill. All the original rebellious force of punk, and creating your own style, was gone. The Daily Mirror was telling you how to rip your clothes and pretend you had a pierced nose. Unbeknown to me at the time, I was getting bored with the scene and I was getting read to move on” (37).
Strange attributes his inspiration to move on to the violence that permeated the scene which leeched the fun from it, while also acknowledging the queer culture that provided another impetus to exit punk. Without queer participants (like Strange himself), New Romanticism wouldn’t have happened, and the straight, cis male members of the scene would’ve most likely not have had the courage to push boundaries as far as they did.
“I was disillusioned by punk and felt it would be nice to be in a band or even kick-start something myself. I had already met some of the colourful characters that felt the same way. I was walking across Piccadilly Circus one day when I heard a camp voice shout out, ‘Look at her in her Vivienne Westwood suit. Where are you going?’ It was Philip Sallon, who had been a bit of a face on the London scene for years. He was with Boy George, then just plain George O’Dowd […] After a while, and a few drinks, George and I got talking and we both agreed that we were bored with punk and wished something else would happen” (38).
Boy George writes a great deal about Sallon in his autobiography. What a fascinating man! He was a Quentin Crisp for the punk set. Unabashedly out and unafraid of public reaction to his bizarre outfits, Sallon stalked the edges of the New Romantic scene, providing inspiration, starting fights, and just generally being a diva. This queer connection is important because it also extends backward to punk with Club Louise, the lesbian club that allowed punks to hang out and drink when most other pubs and clubs were ejecting them. Sexual identity, then, plays a role not only for New Romantics like Strange and Boy George but also in the creation of marginalized albeit safe spaces in which outsiders of various stripes can gather. Sexual identity also connects to the non-gay musicians in this “study” (keeping the quotation marks around that so it doesn’t seem too pretentious!) who regularly were beaten up and taunted with homophobic slurs because of their fashion and makeup.
Strange and Boy George at the Blitz
Obviously, Bowie is also a queer connection. In his autobiography, Gary Kemp reflects on his first Bowie sighting while watching Top of the Pops at a friend’s house: “A Mephistophelean messenger for the Space Age, expounding a manifesto that was almost spiritual in its meaninglessness, he spoke his words through a grinning confidence that had me signing up to whatever he was selling for the rest of my life. Pointing his long fingers down the barrel of the lens he sang: ‘I had to phone someone so I picked on you,’ and I felt that he had. And oh, but oh, when that guitar solo clawed and choked its way out of the Gold Top Les Paul, brandished like a musical laser gun, the Starman Bowie threw his arm around his golden-suited buddy and I wanted to go to that planet” (53-54). Kemp’s memory of a moment of camaraderie between Bowie and Ronson is also charged with the same sexual frisson the two exuded in the performance.
Strange’s desire for something else to happen after punk manifested in club culture. Strange met Rusty Egan (who was in the Rich Kids with Glen Matlock) and the two discussed how tired of punk they were. They shared an interest in European music like Kraftwerk and Nina Hagen and a desire to bring something akin to Studio 54 to the London club scene (43). Though Strange differs from the other new wave men I’ve read about in that he was less motivated by music and more into the scene that surround the music, all of the men were at some point convinced that their particular interest in music was a way to express a mode of being that was no longer fulfilled through punk.
“We were young and had balls to do anything, so we looked for a venue where we could set up our own club. We were very shrewd. We went to Billy’s, a club at 69 Dean Street, on a Tuesday, and saw that it was empty […] The people hanging out there were mostly Soho’s sex workers, grabbing a breather. Two weeks later we went back to the owner and said we could pack the club […] We printed up flyers with the tantalizing line, ‘Fame Fame Jump Aboard the Night Train/Fame, Fame, Fame. What’s Your Name?’ We opened in Autumn 1978 and very quickly we were successful. All the punks who were closet Davie Bowie fans turned up. Soon it was a regular event known as Bowie Night” (43).
Strange and Visage outside of the Blitz
“The people who turned up were a bit of a mish-mash, but what they all had in common was that they were fed up with punk, and had a love of David Bowie. Rusty, who DJ’d tried not to play much punk music, so there was a lot of Bowie on the turntables, along with futuristic German music, “Being Boiled” by The Human League, “Warm Leatherette” by The Normal, the theme from Stingray and torch songs from Marlene Dietrich” (44-45).
This mash up of past and present in the music the club kids listened to also reflected in the clothing they wore. Strange and others wore a mix of styles and time periods which reflected a futurism that gazed backward to the past for inspiration and guidance. In opposition to punk’s torn and tattered fashion, the New Romantics put on more: more fabric, more makeup, more hairspray. Their mix of eras and their disregard for class barriers (all of those working class kids wearing the clothes of their historical “betters”!) allowed the New Romantics to protest class barriers like the punks did, but simply in a more beautiful way.
New Romantic fashion as a reaction against punk’s masculinity/non-acceptance of gayness
The New Romantics weren’t always called the New Romantics. Betty Page (nee Beverly Glick) writing for Sounds magazine was the one, it seems, to give the scene this name. In her interview with Gary Kemp – Spandau Ballet’s first interview in September, 1980 – Kemp discussed the political importance of fashion for the working class. Taking this information and combining it with her observations of the clothes many in the scene were wearing, Page wrote the headline for her article: “The New Romantics – a manifesto for the Eighties”.
“There was drinking all the time. We never needed much of an excuse for a party. It was ironic that England was about to sink into an economic recession, but then they say you party the hardest when the ship is sinking” (49).
“Everything was going well at the Blitz. [Boy] George and I were being seen at parties, and a day later it would be in the gossip column as the national newspapers tried to give a name to the movement. The Face and i-D had started and they were reporting on the scene as well, dubbing it the Cult With No Name, the Blitz Kids and the Now Crowd. Pick up the Evening Standard, and there was my stark, white face, scarlet lipstick, jet black, spiky hair 12 inches high, steamed and crimped with steel steamers, staring out at you” (49).
I think of this inability to find a name to accurately call the scene a way in which Strange and the others queered their subculture. Countering class and economic troubles with fashion was the New Romantics way of asserting an alternative identity that transcended labels whether they were personal, political, or sexual. The men and women tended to look alike as makeup and hairstyles were so extreme they quickly destroyed gendered distinctions. The new masculinity of post-punk was androgynous and men sought to be unusual, beautiful, and distinct without concern for appearing “manly” in a conventional sense.
“The more coverage our clubs got, the more the media tried to pin a label on us. But we changed so fast it was impossible. Every week the clothes would be different, as people constantly tried to outdo each other. One week I’d turn up in a bishop’s outfit, the next week I’d be working on the door dressed as an adult version of Little Lord Fauntleroy.
Somehow though the term New Romantic seemed to stick and I could really argue with it. Without trying, or even knowing what we were doing at first, Rusty and I had kick-started a whole new movement, the first original subculture to come out of England since punk” (62).
Strange by the fireside
What fascinated me the most about the New Romantics is how short, strange, and hard-to-define the movement was. Because “every week the clothes would be different”, it was impossible for the New Romantics to establish a singular identity around which a more stable subculture would really exist. As James Truman mused in a 1981 article in The Face, the New Romantics confused everyone: “The real event of the season hasn’t been the music, the clothes or the attitudes; it’s been the way in which the media has steamed ahead in search of the right context, the real significance. There’s been Blitz as right wing conspiracy, Blitz as the final step in rock’s evolution and plenty of stuff too clever to understand”.
Those ruffles, however, did really take over the 80s.
For Strange, recovery from an addiction to pills and heroin is coupled with his sexuality as his mother was only able to accept his being gay once she attended counseling sessions when he was in treatment (177-178).
There is no romantic partnership as there is in the concluding chapters of most gay autobiographies. Strange, though, does highlight a peaceful resolution to a previously tumultuous relationship: his friendship with Boy George. The end of Strange’s autobiography describes Boy George reaching out to him to ask for permission to use Visage’s song “Fade to Grey” in the musical Taboo. Strange describes meeting Drew Jaymson who plays Strange in the musical as being a surreal encounter with himself.
“I couldn’t really imagine anyone impersonating me, but when I met Drew I could immediately see what George was getting at. I can just picture him, standing outside the real-life Billy’s in his – or rather my – French Revolutionary garb, silver-topped cane in hand, behind the gold rope, vetting the potential clientele […] Drew wanted to capture my personality but also capture the bitchiness of the era, when it was all about being seen wearing the right designer labels and drinking the right champagne. Here I was in 2002 telling myself how to be me 20 years after it all began” (187).
This doubling of self is a fascinating way to end an autobiography. I will have to deal with this more effectively at another point in time, but I do think it points to a construction of a remembered self that reflects on the autobiographical process. Meeting the man who playing him onstage causes Strange to remember himself in the present tense (telling himself how to be himself) which says something about memory but perhaps also about the nature of subcultures.
Death of parent
Strange was very close to his mother but like many of the other men I’ve read about, had a strained relationship with his father. Even KROQ DJ Richard Blade writes about the death of his father in his book. There are obvious observations to make about the connection between masculine identity and one’s father but I’ll leave that for another post.
Respectability – appealing to teen girls as being a mark against them
This wasn’t an issue for Visage because they weren’t a typical “heartthrob” band, but Strange does say that the New Romantic scene as a whole didn’t receive respect from the NME or Melody Maker (49) because it was perceived to be too insular.
I have a number of points to explore and others to knit together into a more cohesive view of this subculture. Strange’s book as really helped me to think about the issues present when exploring a subculture in general. As opposed to someone like Adam Ant who disavowed his connection the scene, Strange places himself at the center of it. He takes the fashion aspect of it seriously, queers aspects of the scene, and gives something other than just a musician’s point of view. Now I need to kick myself out of research phase and really get to writing!
postpunkprof Music Autobiography (1980s), New Romantic Autobiography 1 Comment July 19, 2018 July 21, 2018 15 Minutes
Unfaithful Music & Disappearing Ink by Elvis Costello
Books I’ve Read/Considering
Pauline Black
Tim Burgess
Viv Albertine
Simon Reynolds: Shock and Awe
Paul Gorman: The Story of The Face
Britpop Britpop autobiography Music Autobiography (1980s) New Pop Autobiography New Romantic Autobiography Postpunk theory Punk Autobiography Uncategorized
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Britpop autobiography
Music Autobiography (1980s)
New Pop Autobiography
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Postpunk theory
Punk Autobiography
1980s 1980s radio 1990s Adam and the Ants Adam Ant Autobiography Billy Idol Blitz Blur Boy George Brett Anderson Britpop Bromley Contingent Chris Difford Cool Cymru Culture Club Damon Albarn Dave Rimmer Dead or Alive Duran Duran Elastica Gary Kemp Glenn Tilbrook Human League Justine Frischmann KROQ Manic Street Preachers New Pop New Romantic New Wave music Pete Burns Postpunk Punk Richard Blade Simon Reynolds Spandau Ballet Squeeze Steve Strange Suede Thompson Twins Tony Hadley Visage Wham!
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Folks had major guts these last few days...some good, some bad.
Royce Dunmore
Source: DON EMMERT / Getty
Things were all about timing this week. Some people had landmark events just in time for a changing world, while others had completely OFF timing and received the necessary backlash. Check out Winners for the week below, then hit the flip for the Loser!
1. Marijuana Pepsi
Marijuana Pepsi is out here THRIVING.
The Black scholar was gifted the um….”unique” name at birth, and despite the taboos around names sounding “too Black” or “too ghetto” for the professional world, Marijuana stuck by her name with love.
“I’m going to be called Dr. Marijuana Pepsi!” she declared.
According to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Marijuana’s proclamation came true when she earned her Ph.D. in higher education leadership from Cardinal Stritch University in the Milwaukee area.
You might be wondering what’s the last name of Marijuana Pepsi…
It used to be Jackson, then later Sawyer, and now it’s Vandyck. The 46-year-old married her husband, Fredrick Vandyck, in 2017 and they live on a 3-acre hobby farm with chickens and pigs in Pecatonica, Illinois.
Marijuana’s road to success hasn’t been a crystal road, however, especially with her name.
“People make such a big deal out of it, I couldn’t get away from it,” she said.
Marijuana’s mom, Maggie (Brandy) Johnson, picked out her name and foreshadowed that it would take her around the world. Meanwhile, Marijuana’s older and younger sisters got basic names like Robin and Kimberly.
Marijuanna said her whole life she always got heat for her name, not just from classmates, but from teachers and bosses. Some folks even refused to call her by her name and they urged her to go to court to change it.
Marijuana Pepsi was like naw.
She embraces her name as proof that you can prevail over every obstacle in life…no matter what you’re called. Marijuana even made her dissertation topic “Black names in white classrooms: Teacher behaviors and student perceptions.”
Bloop!
Marijuana, stay winning.
2. Ta-Nehisi Coates
In the week of Juneteenth, reparations was a major topic thanks to a House Hearing on Wednesday speaking on the H.R. 40 bill. According to USA Today, the legislation would create a commission to study the generational effects of slavery and the implementation of reparations.
Some politicians are totally against the bill, including Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, who said:
“I don’t think reparations for something that happened 150 years ago for whom none of us living are responsible are a good idea.”
Well the author of the 2014 article “A Case For Reparations,” Ta-Nehisi Coates, had some words for Mitch, and they were epic. He basically broke down how slavery and systematic racism played a part in the stripping of Black wealth, and how it is, in fact, America’s responsibility.
You can check out his powerful spiel above.
Bill Cosby Calls Himself “America’s Dad” & Marijuana Pepsi Defends Her Name: This Week’s Winners & Losers was originally published on globalgrind.com
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US20130268342A1 - Systems and methods for a redeemable points clearinghouse - Google Patents
Systems and methods for a redeemable points clearinghouse Download PDF
James J. Tune
John M. Rojewski
American Express Travel Related Services Co Inc
2012-04-04 Application filed by American Express Travel Related Services Co Inc filed Critical American Express Travel Related Services Co Inc
2012-04-04 Assigned to AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES COMPANY, INC. reassignment AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES COMPANY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ROJEWSKI, JOHN M., TUNE, JAMES J.
G06Q—DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS OR METHODS, SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY OR FORECASTING PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY OR FORECASTING PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
G06Q30/00—Commerce, e.g. shopping or e-commerce
G06Q30/02—Marketing, e.g. market research and analysis, surveying, promotions, advertising, buyer profiling, customer management or rewards; Price estimation or determination
G06Q30/0207—Discounts or incentives, e.g. coupons, rebates, offers or upsales
A host clearinghouse account manager may maintain a system, such as a middleware system, for converting and/or exchanging loyalty points to value credits. The host clearinghouse's system middleware determines the appropriate number of loyalty points from a first merchant's loyalty point system to convert and/or exchange by implementing a conversion processor that converts the participant's loyalty points to an appropriate value credit equivalent. These value credits may then be converted and/or exchanged to loyalty points in a second merchant's loyalty point system.
FIELD OF DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure generally relates to the exchange of loyalty points for items and more particularly, to systems and methods for establishing a standard exchange for loyalty program benefits.
BACKGROUND OF DISCLOSURE
Incentive traditional loyalty (e.g., incentive award, frequency reward, etc.) programs have been around for years. Loyalty programs are typically used to help businesses develop and maintain participant loyalty and are used as marketing tools to develop new clientele. A frequent flyer program is an example of a typical loyalty program, where the more the participant uses a particular airline or group of affiliated airlines the more frequent flyer miles the participant earns. After accumulating frequent flyer miles, the participant may choose to redeem those miles for upgrades in service or free airline tickets. Various forms of these programs have developed over the years, ranging from programs such as “buy 9 get one 1” punch cards to more sophisticated credit card loyalty systems, where participants are awarded points for using a particular transaction card and/or by using a transaction card with particular merchants or vendors. As competition in various markets increased, companies sought ways to expand loyalty programs to appeal to a broader cross-section of potential customers. One way this was accomplished was by developing strategic partnerships and affiliations with other business sectors. For example, hotel chains, airlines and rental car agencies developed loyalty program partnerships and affiliations; credit and transaction card companies also joined in to promote a more comprehensive and appealing loyalty program. These programs have been successful, but again were limited in that the loyalty points could only be redeemed within the network of companies in the loyalty program affiliation or partnership.
Although many of these programs have been successful in developing customer loyalty and incentivizing customers to act, they have presented participants with limited opportunities to redeem loyalty points for the products of their choice or have provided participants with limited accessibility and control of their loyalty account. Therefore, a need exists in this industry for a program that expands product choice for loyalty program participants.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
These above needs are successfully met via the disclosed system and method. For instance, the present system and method improves the acquisition power of any participating loyalty program. In general, the system of the present disclosure overcomes the limitations and problems of the historical programs by providing a system and method for facilitating virtually any loyalty transaction over a computerized network using any type of loyalty program. This system is not limited to merely exchanging loyalty points for product.
In various exemplary embodiments, a participant desiring to redeem loyalty points to facilitate a particular transaction over a computerized network, such as the internet invokes a process to apply an established “value credit” (corresponding to a defined amount of loyalty points) from the participant's designated value credit account. In various embodiments, a first program's set of loyalty points are exchanged first to a standard of value credits and then from the standard of value credits to loyalty points in a second loyalty program. The exchange of loyalty points to and from value credits is generally transparent to the second merchant having the second loyalty program in that the second merchant may be unaware that the customer is initially using a first program's set of loyalty points and/or value credits.
The present disclosure may or may not be integrated into a merchant or shopping network. Historical loyalty programs have been directed towards redeeming points with a point-service system in an online shopping mall established through a network. These systems are limited, however, as these systems are also directed to managing, within a network of participating vendors, the accumulation of points from one vendor (with a particular accumulation ratio) and redemption of points with another vendor (with another redemption ratio). The current system contemplates multiple networks being able to be linked using embodiment of the present disclosure from multiple loyalty points vendors.
In various exemplary embodiments, a system is disclosed including a processor configured to convert loyalty points to a standard value credit, a tangible, non-transitory storage memory configured to communicate with the processor, the tangible, non-transitory storage memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations. The system may comprise granting, by the processor, access to a participant to a user interface in response to a verified log on by the participant and converting, by the processor, a first value of loyalty points in a first loyalty point system to a first value of value credits according to a first conversion ratio, wherein the first conversion ratio is particular to a first merchant. The system may comprise storing by the processor, the first value of value credits. Additionally, the system may comprise converting, by the processor, a second value of value credits to a second value of loyalty points in a second loyalty point system according to a second conversion ratio, wherein the second conversion ratio is particular to a second merchant.
In various exemplary embodiments, the system will further comprise transmitting, by the processor, instructions to the second loyalty point system to adjust the loyalty point balance to the second value of loyalty points. Also, The system may comprise storing, by the processor, data representing a value of value credits associated with an account of the participant. The system may comprise transmitting, by the processor, instructions to a merchant affiliated with the second loyalty point system to perform a redemption of loyalty points.
In various embodiments, the system may comprise converting, by the processor, a third value of value credits to a third value of currency equivalent to be stored to a transaction account. The transaction account may be a pre-paid account. The system may comprise enrolling a participant in the system in at least one participating merchant loyalty system automatically without participant enrollment personal information being provided by the participant to the system. The system provider may provide a guarantee associated with loyalty point exchange transactions. Loyalty point exchange offers may be presented to a participant based on historical transaction account spend trends. Also, a fee may be assessed by the system administrator for each loyalty point exchange.
In various exemplary embodiments, the system may further comprise verifying a loyalty point balance of a participant in a third party loyalty system. The system may comprise establishing with a merchant loyalty point system provider a conversion ratio applicable to loyalty point exchanges by contract. Additionally, the system may comprise further comprising offering suggestions of loyalty points exchanges based on at least one frequency of loyalty point use and frequency of loyalty point accrual. The system may comprise offering suggestions of loyalty points exchanges via a user interface based purchasing power of loyalty points.
In various exemplary embodiments, the system may comprise adjusting the conversion ratio of loyalty point exchange in response to the volume of historical loyalty point exchanges of the participant. The system may comprise presenting an offer of an item to purchase with loyalty points based on a particular participant's loyalty point aggregated purchasing power balance. The system may comprise populating loyalty point system information via a digital wallet. The loyalty point exchange system may be administered by a transaction account issuer. Transactions using this system may be completed using both loyalty points and a transaction account,
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY DRAWINGS
A more complete understanding of the present disclosure may be derived by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the Figures, wherein like reference numbers refer to similar elements throughout the Figures, and:
FIG. 1 illustrates exemplary components of according to various embodiments;
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary schematic overview of the architecture according to various embodiments; and
FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary process flow diagram architecture according to various embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
The detailed description of various exemplary embodiments herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings and pictures, which show the exemplary embodiment by way of illustration. While these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that logical and mechanical changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, the detailed description herein is presented for purposes of illustration only and not of limitation. For example, the steps recited in any of the method or process descriptions may be executed in any order and are not limited to the order presented. Moreover, any of the functions or steps may be outsourced to or performed by one or more third parties. Furthermore, any reference to singular includes plural embodiments, and any reference to more than one component may include a singular embodiment.
Systems, methods and computer program products are provided. In the detailed description herein, references to “various embodiments”, “various embodiments”, “an embodiment”, “an example embodiment”, etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. After reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosure in alternative embodiments,
in various embodiments, the methods described herein are implemented using the various particular machines described herein. The methods described herein may be implemented using the below particular machines, and those hereinafter developed, in any suitable combination, as would be appreciated immediately by one skilled in the art. Further, as is unambiguous from this disclosure, the methods described herein may result in various transformations of certain articles.
In general, the present disclosure uniquely integrates disparate loyalty programs and a host clearinghouse account manager 101 (loyalty points/value credit bank) to more effectively use loyalty points to facilitate transactions. Specifically, the system and methods described herein, allow an individual/participant 10 to convert (and aggregate) loyalty points (such as points awarded to a participant 10 in the American Express Membership Rewards® Program) to a “value credit” 150 (e.g., a value determined according to a standard particular to each individual participating merchant) in order to facilitate a purchase or other transaction. In various embodiments, this system 100 riot only provides a mechanism for converting loyalty points to a value credit 150 to purchase merchandise, but it also comprises integrating with existing account manager settlement systems such as accounts receivable and accounts payable processes to facilitate transaction processing.
A loyalty program participant desiring to spend accumulated loyalty points generally selects products or services for purchase from an individual merchant or a shopping/redemption network of merchants. For example, in an online transaction, the participant may select a “pay with loyalty points” hyperlink button, thereby invoking a process to convert accumulated loyalty points to value credits 150 and the to the instant merchants loyalty point system. in various embodiments, in an online transaction, the participant may select a “pay with loyalty points” hyperlink button, thereby invoking a process to convert accumulated loyalty points to value credits 150 and then use the value credits 150 directly to perform the transaction. In various embodiments, in an online transaction, the participant 10 may convert their loyalty points to value credits 150 and then convert the value credits 150 to a cash/dollar equivalent and use the cash/dollar equivalent to perform a transaction.
In various embodiments, a system may include a processor configured to exchange loyalty points, a tangible, non-transitory storage memory configured to communicate with the processor, the tangible, non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the processor, cause the processor to exchange loyalty points as described below.
in various embodiments, a host clearinghouse account manager 101 may maintain a system 300, such as a middleware system 200 for converting and/or exchanging loyalty points to value credits 150. During this process, the host clearinghouse's account manager 101 middleware system 200 determines the appropriate number of loyalty points from a first merchant's loyalty point system to convert and/or exchange by implementing a conversion processor that converts the participant's 10 loyalty points to an appropriate value credit 150 equivalent (e.g., 100 loyalty points=1 value credit 150). These value credits 150 may then be converted and/or exchanged to loyalty points in a second merchant's loyalty point system. This conversion rate may be updated at any suitable time. For instance, the conversion rate may be altered due to a merchant devaluing the purchasing power of their loyalty points. In another example, in the case of a merger between two merchants having two loyalty point systems, the conversion rate of each merchant may be altered. If the participant 10 confirms the use of designated loyalty points to complete the transaction, the participant's 10 loyalty account is reduced by the appropriate number of loyalty points in the first merchant's loyalty point system and the second merchant proceeds with the transaction authorization and settlement phase to complete the transaction.
Additional exemplary embodiments relating to the transaction contemplate, (1) integration of a shopping or third party redemption network, (2) integration with external loyalty programs or commercial transaction networks, (3) redemption and conversion of loyalty points for gift products or charitable donations, (4) redemption and conversion of points without a corresponding purchase, e.g., for cash or statement credit, (5) transfer of loyalty points from one party to another, (6) transfer of loyalty points to different transaction instruments or consolidating points onto a single transaction instrument.
Further, the transaction may occur over any computerized network via any suitable user interface system (e.g., internet, phone, wireless, POS terminal, etc.). As used herein, the term “computerized network” includes, but is not limited to any network implemented in the form of a wire-based network (including telephone and cable lines), or as a wireless network (including satellite or cellular networks). It should be noted that the conversion ratio may vary from merchant to merchant according to the merchant's affiliation, if any, with the loyalty program or host clearinghouse account manager 101. Through the loyalty system middleware conversion application 200, the host clearinghouse account manager 101 may adjust conversion ratios to take into account various promotional or incentive marketing programs in order to better serve the needs of its participants 10 or affiliated merchants. By further example, if the host clearinghouse account manager 101 desired to run a promotional program with a valued merchant, the conversion ratio for exchanging loyalty points at the valued merchant (10 loyalty points=1 value credit 150) may be twice the amount for that of an ordinary merchant (20 loyalty points=1 value credit 150).
In various exemplary embodiments, the amount of loyalty point exchanges performed for a specific loyalty program may affect the conversion ratio. In various exemplary embodiments, a fee may be assessed against a loyalty point exchange to a participant 10 to be paid to the host clearinghouse account manager 101. In various exemplary embodiments, a fee may be assessed against a loyalty point exchange to a loyalty point system administrator/merchant to be paid to the host clearinghouse account manager 101. The fee may be a set amount, proportional to the value of loyalty points exchanged for value credits 150, proportional to the currency value of value credits 150 acquired. The fee may be reduced based on a volume of loyalty points exchanges performed or based on a total amount of loyalty points exchanges performed. The fee may allot a proscribed number loyalty points exchanges within a predetermined period. The fee may be reduced or waived based on a referral of a new participant of the system by a prior participant 10. The fee may be paid using a loyalty points equivalent. In various exemplary embodiments, a fee may be assessed against a loyalty point exchange to a participant 10. In various exemplary embodiments, the host clearinghouse account manager 101 may guarantee the transaction by providing a cash, cash equivalent, and/or loyalty point redemption to the merchant provider of items in the event of a default and/or problem with the transaction settlement.
As with traditional purchases using the redemption of loyalty points, the loyalty point exchange details (e.g., temporary or semi permanent account identifier, etc) are provided to the merchant or shopping network system to complete the transaction. The merchant processes this account identifier and associated loyalty point balance for authorization and settlement as is generally done with routine transaction card purchases. In some cases, the host clearinghouse account manager 101 will be associated with the temporary or semi permanent account identifier to facilitate account settlement. For instance, the transaction authorization and settlement phase supports the processes of submitting a transaction record to the host clearinghouse account manager 101. A financial capture system captures the financial information and transaction details and sends this information to an accounts payable system to pay the merchant and to an accounts receivable system to update the participant's 10 account record to reflect the transaction event and apply applicable charges.
During the account reconciliation phase, the accounts receivable system reconciles the charge for the particular transaction with a debit to the participant's 10 loyalty account. In various embodiments, for each charge where the participant 10 selected to pay with loyalty points, there will be a corresponding and offsetting reduction of loyalty points. In various embodiments, where the participant 10 desires to pay only part of the transaction amount with loyalty points, the loyalty credit will only partially offset the merchant charge and the remainder will be paid with the participant's 10 transaction card. In a third embodiment, there may be a credit from a participant's 10 loyalty account without a corresponding transaction charge, such as is the case with a gift certificate embodiment, where the points are converted to a value credit 150 and issued in the form of a gift certificate; or stored on or downloaded to a stored value card or smart card.
FIG. 1 illustrates exemplary components of the present system 100. To facilitate a transaction using loyalty points, a participant 10 engages a merchant to purchase a product or service using value credit 150 generated by conversion of loyalty points. The host clearinghouse account manager 101 handles the processes to convert the loyalty points from the first merchant's loyalty program to a value credit 150 and then to loyalty points in a second merchant's loyalty program for use in transaction from a second merchant.
As depicted in FIG. 1, an exemplary system may comprise various subsystems and applications, some of which are part of the loyalty program systems, sonic of which are part of the host clearinghouse account manager 101 banking system 100 and database structure, and some of which are used to facilitate interaction between the various systems. The exemplary systems may comprise a user interface system, a merchant point of sale system (POS), a loyalty system middleware 200, a first 3rd party loyalty program, a second 3rd party loyalty program, a host clearinghouse account manager 101 bank, and a card authorization system (CAS). The exemplary components and participants of the present disclosure are described below in more detail.
With reference to FIG. 2, the host clearinghouse account manager 101 application 300, such as loyalty system middleware 200, may comprise the functionality to allow loyalty point exchanges for transactions, permit the exchange of loyalty points, use existing transaction facilitation apparati, provide verification of loyalty point balances, establish a universal standard (e.g., value credit 150), allow for card-less (card not present) transactions, facilitate the aggregation of loyalty points for one or more transactions, and provide a single point of contact to display loyalty point balances. In various embodiments, the present system presents a framework. for virtual currency conversion. For instance, it is contemplated that rather than converting loyalty points to a common standard (e.g., value credits 150) and then to loyalty points that merchants may also accept value credits 150 directly. The host clearinghouse account manager 101 application 300 may be a mobile application, or “app.”
The host clearinghouse account manager 101 may contract with each participating merchant individually. This contract may dictate the terms of participation. For instance, this contract may limit the proliferation of loyalty points of each merchant. This contract may establish that the purchasing power of a merchant's loyalty points must be maintained within certain thresholds or the merchant will be subject to penalty,
The host clearinghouse account manager 101 points bank may leverage internal and external databases. If the host clearinghouse account manager 101 is a transaction account issuer, they may access historical spend data of their transaction account holders to present offers, pre-fill forms, store and retrieve loyalty point access codes, target marketing to merchants and participants 10, review and utilize merchant data creditworthiness to use in conversion ratios, and leverage merchant and participant 10 contact information for transaction processing. Additionally, if the host clearinghouse account manager 101 is also a transaction account issuer they may leverage there existing knowledge of facilitating transactions, payment processing systems, fraud prevention and authentication tools.
Merchants participating in the system will enjoy the member perk allowing members/customers greater flexibility and use of accrued loyalty points. Also, by participating in the system, they may also grow their customer lists by gaining access to the customers of other participating merchant loyalty programs. Also, they may garner goodwill with their members/customers as their loyalty points will have more purchasing power.
With reference to FIG. 3, a process flow of various embodiments of the system is depicted. A participant 10 may log on the host clearinghouse account manager 101 points bank application 300. The participant's 10 log on information may be verified and/or authenticated, The host clearinghouse account manager 101 points bank application may display on an participant 10 interface the participant's 10 current loyalty point balance and value credit 150 balance. The host clearinghouse account manager 101 points bank application may also display participating merchants who have contracted with the system 100. In various embodiments, specials and offers may be communicated the user/participant 10. Specials may be favorable conversion ratios based on the particular participant's 10 loyalty account balances. Specials may be favorable conversion ratios to value credits 150 based on past transactions of the participant 10 or others using the system. In various embodiments, loyalty point which may be expiring soon may be highlighted to the participant 10 so that they may be converted/exchanged first. In other various embodiments, the system 100/application 300 may indicate via the interface that a recommended loyalty program of points to exchange based on factors. These factors may include, frequency of accruing points in the particular loyalty program, frequency of using points in the particular loyalty program, purchasing power based on special deals, etc, Deal of the day information and limited time offers may be communicated to the participant 10. Offers selected based on the purchase history of the participant 10 using the system and historical transaction account information may be presented to the participant 10.
The participant 10 may determine the type of exchange they would like to perform. For instance, the participant 10 may convert loyalty points to value credits 150, value credits 150 to loyalty points, currency to value credits 150, value credits 150 to currency equivalents, credit to value credits 150, value credits 150 to gift cards, value credits 150 to prepaid accounts, value credits 150 to person/individual to person/individual transaction accounts. The participant's 10 account in the host clearinghouse account manager 101 points hank may be increased or decreased based on this decision or an aggregate of decisions. The host clearinghouse account manager 101 points bank application may facilitate the redemption of good and services. The host clearinghouse account manager 101 points bank application may facilitate the redemption of cash. The host clearinghouse account manager 101 points bank application may facilitate the redemption of a prepaid account.
The participant 10, as used throughout this application, should be understood to mean any individual, business or other entity that desires to use any non-currency tender such as loyalty points to facilitate a transaction. The participant 10 may also be known as and occasionally referred to herein as a “customer,” “cardholder,” “user,” “cardmember,” or the like. In various embodiments, although the participant 10 may be an existing transaction account holder, this is not required. The participant shall mean any person, entity, government organization, business, machine associated with a transaction account, regardless of whether a physical card is associated with the account. For example, the participant may include a transaction account owner, a transaction account user, an account affiliate, a child account user, a subsidiary account user, a beneficiary of an account, a custodian of an account, or any other person or entity affiliated or associated with a transaction account.
Although the participant 10 will generally be enrolled in a loyalty program, such as the American Express Membership Rewards® Program, and will have accumulated loyalty points, this is also not required.
Although the non-currency tender referred to throughout this disclosure is frequently referred to as “loyalty points,” and/or in some instances value credits 150, this disclosure is not so limited. It should be understood the loyalty points includes any type of non-currency tender, such as coupons, frequent flyer miles, incentive awards, frequency awards, and the like. One example of loyalty points contemplated by this disclosure is the membership reward points awarded to participants in the American Express Membership Rewards® program.
Communication among the participant 10, merchant, the host clearinghouse account manager 101 or additional third parties (as may be contemplated by various embodiments) may take place over any computerized network via any suitable user interface system that allow for the exchange of analog or digital information. As such, these systems may include, but are not limited to, telephone interactive voice response or operator-facilitated systems, online or offline computer networked systems using various transfer protocols, wireless devices, personal data assistants, interactive TV, broadband, ultrawide band devices, transponders and the like. For example, the user interface system may comprise web servers and applications configured to facilitate client/server communication over the internet via any wireless or wire-based system. It is also contemplated that certain physical offers, such as coupons, accumulation offers (e.g., buy 9 get one free) may be converted by the system into value credits 150. in various embodiments, these offers may comprise a scalable SKU, barcode, or other code which can be inputted by a user either by taking a photograph or through data entry and submitted to the Points bank for conversion/processing.
The loyalty programs may be any computer system for managing, tracking, and/or reporting loyalty program information. As previously described, the traditional loyalty systems allow participants 10 to accumulate points in a loyalty program account and to then redeem points for merchandise. For example, the American Express Membership Rewards® system allows participants to accumulate points by using their transaction card (American Express® card) to make purchases or by shopping with affiliated merchants. The loyalty program, as contemplated by the present system, may be a stand-alone system or may be affiliated or integrated with other loyalty programs or transaction networks. Moreover, as previously stated, use of this system may function to link two or more disparate transaction networks. The component parts of an exemplary loyalty program generally include computer server and database systems for processing and storing loyalty program account information. As depicted in FIG. 1, the loyalty program system may exist within the host clearinghouse account manager's 101 systems. Alternatively, the loyalty program system may be a separate loyalty program managed by one or more third party.
The loyalty system middleware 200 may be a processing system that is generally configured to facilitate communication between a first loyalty program, a second loyalty program, existing transaction account processing systems, and/or shopping/redemption networks. Specifically, the loyalty system middleware 200 is configured to, inter alia, (1) receive requests to use loyalty points as currency, via a user interface system, (2) verify with the loyalty program that sufficient loyalty points are available, (3) communicate with an authorization system (e.g., CAS), (4) convert loyalty points to value credits 150, and (5) interact with financial capture (e.g., FINCAP) or accounts receivable (AR) systems in order to credit a participant's 10 financial transaction account with the appropriate amount of loyalty currency. The loyalty system middleware 200 may comprise various computer web and application servers, databases, routers, relays and the like in order to suitably process, route, and transmit data among, inter alia, the user interface system, loyalty program, FINCAP, and CAS.
The charge authorization system (CAS), the financial capture system (FINCAP), the accounts payable system (AP) and the accounts receivable system (AR) systems employed by transaction account issuers and card transaction account acquirers to authorize merchant transaction requests and process settlement requests. For example, an exemplary GAS may receive an authorization request from a merchant to determine if the financial transaction account associated with a transaction account code is valid and has sufficient credit. CAS includes systems for comparing the transaction details (e.g., account code, monetary amount of transaction, expiration date, etc) with the participant's 10 financial transaction account information to determine if the financial transaction account is active and if a sufficient credit limit exists to complete a transaction. If these conditions are satisfied, CAS returns to the merchant an approval code reflecting that the merchant is authorized to complete the transaction. The loyalty system middleware 200 or loyalty program may also either reference this same CAS as shown in FIG. 1 to determine if the participant's 10 loyalty account information is valid (and with sufficient loyalty points) or may invoke a separate CAS component and/or CAS equivalent (not shown) to complete the same task.
The merchant computer and the host clearinghouse account manager 101 computer may be interconnected via a second network, referred to as a payment network. The payment network represents existing proprietary networks that presently accommodate transactions for credit cards, debit cards, and other types of financial/banking cards. The payment network is a closed network that is assumed to be secure from eavesdroppers. Examples of the payment network include the American Express®, VisaNet® and the Veriphone® network. While various embodimentss are described in association with a transaction system, the disclosure contemplates any type of networks or transaction systems, including, for example, unsecure networks, public networks, wireless networks, closed networks, open networks, intranets, extranets, and/or the like.
The transaction phase generally includes a participant's 10 successful registration and enrollment to use the present system and method. In general, although not required, a participant 10 will have registered to participate in a loyalty program and will have accumulated at least some loyalty points. However, conducting the transaction before acquiring loyalty points is also contemplated by the system.
The transaction phase may be facilitated using an integrated (i.e., integrated with a shopping network) or stand-alone (i.e., not integrated with a shopping network) system. With additional reference to FIGS. 1-3, these screen shots illustrate various embodimentss utilizing a user interface system suitably configured with an appropriate web server system to facilitate online transactions. It is contemplated that the present system could be used with brick and mortar merchants through the issuance of gift cards redeemed in exchange for value credits 150.
In various embodiments a participant 10 selects an item to purchase (e.g., skis) from a merchant's online web page and selects the payment button. Desiring to use loyalty points, the participant 10 selects the host clearinghouse account manager 101 website and logs-in with appropriate authenticating information such as a username and password. In an alternative embodiment, the participant 10 may access a catalog of products and services offered by merchants by suitably linking to a website hosted on a redemption. network, a shopping network or other system of affiliated merchants that may be situated within or without the host clearinghouse account manager's 101 website domain.
The host clearinghouse account manager 101 website application 300 returns a welcome screen to the participant 10 reflecting participant's 10 loyalty account information, e.g., total points available. The participant 10 is presented with options, for example, to review the loyalty account history, to pay with loyalty points, to return to home page, etc. The participant 10 may select “pay with loyalty points” and/or “exchange loyalty points” to initiate the process to convert loyalty points of a first loyalty point system to the loyalty points of a second loyalty program (via value credit 150 exchange) to facilitate a the transaction. The host clearinghouse account manager 101 website may prompt the participant 10 to key in and/or select from available options appropriate loyalty account and transaction information, e.g., first loyalty program information, second loyalty program information. Options for generating a gift certificate, charitable donations, currency, etc may also be presented. Further, software downloaded to a participant's 10 remote computer may also provide digital wallet features that automatically fills-in loyalty account information. This digital wallet may populate all participating merchant's loyalty program information when needed. For instance, if a participant 10 is an existing member of a participant merchant loyalty program the electronic wallet may store user logon information from that loyalty program for future use. In various embodiments the host clearinghouse account management 101 system 300 may be granted access to the loyalty point information of participant merchants. The host clearinghouse account management 101 system 300 may link participants 10 in the host clearinghouse account management 101 system 300 with their account in the participant merchant loyalty program. For instance, this may occur without the user requiring to provide secure log on information for the particular participating merchant loyalty program to the host clearinghouse account management 101 system 300. In various exemplary embodiments, participant 10 use or association with the host clearinghouse account management 101 system 300/bank with auto enroll the participant 10 in any participant 10 loyalty program (that they are not already a member of). Thus, even if the participant 10 does not use the host clearinghouse account management 101 system 300 for loyalty point exchange they will garner the benefit of loyalty point program enrollment. In various embodiments, the loyalty system middleware 200 may be given access to each participating loyalty programs historical information. For instance, timing of accruing points information may be known to the host clearinghouse account manager 101 loyalty system 300. Loyalty system middleware 200 may be able to determine when offers/or points are expiring or how long it has been since a participant 10 earned points in the particular loyalty system. Using this information, the loyalty system middleware 200 may highlight particular programs to exchange via the user interface.
Upon selecting a continue “button” the loyalty system middleware 200 may be generally configured to interface with a CAS, which can be any form of an account authorization system or network, to validate the transaction request (i.e., to determine if the loyalty points account is valid and if loyalty points or value credits 150 are available in the account). If the account is valid and sufficient loyalty points or value credits 150 are available, the loyalty system middleware 200 interfaces with the loyalty program to calculate the appropriate number of loyalty points necessary to pay for the transaction (e.g., 10,000 points from first loyalty system=250 value credits 150=5,000 points from a second loyalty system) and to determine if sufficient loyalty points are available in the participant's 10 loyalty program account. The participant 10 is presented with a confirmation screen confirming that the participant's 10 loyalty program account will be debited with the appropriate transaction amount (e.g., 10,000 points). In various embodiments the loyalty system middleware 200 integral to system/application 300. Although various embodiments contemplates updating the participant's 10 loyalty account after the transaction has cleared, this updating can be done at any point in the process. Moreover, any portion of the process may utilize real-time or batch processing.
The conversion processor that preferably resides within the loyalty system middleware 200 may be programmed to take into account a plurality of factors to determine the appropriate conversion ratio of loyalty points to value credits 150. Accordingly, loyalty points accumulated by purchases involving a particular vendor may be converted at a higher ratio when the points are redeemed with the same vendor. Similarly, when purchasing with loyalty currency at a host clearinghouse account manager's 101 valued or host clearinghouse account manager 101 affiliated merchant, the account manager may desire to provide the participant 10 with a higher conversion ratio as an incentive. As one skilled in incentive marketing and loyalty systems will appreciate, there may be a multitude of variables that an host clearinghouse account manager 101 and/or affiliated merchant will want to consider in formulating appropriate conversion ratios, including different ratios for holidays, seasons, different times of days, based on remaining inventory of products, based on participant's 10 status, number or loyalty points issued, purchasing power within a loyalty program, strength of brand, credit worthiness, risk of default, based on method of facilitating transaction (e.g., online vs. POS), and/or the like.
In various embodiments, after the conversion ratio and amount of loyalty points are presented to the participant 10, the participant 10 is provided the option to cancel the “pay with loyalty points” and/or “exchange loyalty points” and request or approve the request. If the “pay with loyalty points” is selected, the participant 10 inputs the requisite payment information into the merchant payment fields.
Additional online user interface embodiments for facilitating transactions provide for:
(1) the integration of the merchant website with the host clearinghouse account manager 101 website to provide a seamless environment and “look and feel” between the merchant's payment web page and the account manager's “pay with loyalty points” web page,
(2) the use of an online digital wallet, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,343,351 filed on Aug. 31, 2000 (incorporated herein by reference), where participant 10 account information is stored online and is integrated with the account manager features and the online merchant's payment features. In this embodiment an online wallet may be periodically loaded with loyalty points converted to value credit 150. The online wallet may or may not be associated with a participant's 10 financial transaction account.
(3) the implementation of an activator feature that recognizes merchant payment websites during the course of a participant's 10 online session (via an activator software program) and automatically generates a pop-up “pay with loyalty points” button (or window) asking the participant 10 if he desires to pay with loyalty points. This activator program may be downloaded from the account manager's website and may be configured to link the participant 10 to the account manager's website.
(4) using a wireless-enabled mobile device a browser enabled wireless telephone or other portable data device, a participant 10 may desire to convert loyalty points to a currency equivalent when making a purchase at a physical merchant location instead of at a merchant's online website. With this system, using a suitably enabled mobile device, a participant 10 is able to scan SKU numbers of products, send these SKU numbers to the account manager, whereupon the account manager identifies the manufacturer (or merchant) and may employ a suitable conversion ratio depending on the status of the merchant. For example, when shopping at a grocery market, a participant 10 may scan all food items with a mobile device, this information is then transmitted wirelessly to the host clearinghouse account manger 101 application 300, whereupon a conversion processor is invoked and applies a suitable conversion ratio depending on the particular manufacturer involved.
In various embodiments, the transaction authorization and settlement phase is generally the same as traditional financial settlement systems and is well-known in the bank and transaction card industry. As such, the present disclosure contemplates minimal adjustments to existing commercial transaction card processing systems.
In general, after receiving loyalty account information from a participant 10 to complete a purchase, the merchant may submit the information to an authorization network that typically includes a transaction card issuer's charge authorization system such as CAS. The CAS may interact with the loyalty system middleware 200 or directly with the loyalty program to recognize that a loyalty currency credit is associated with the transaction details and to verify that the loyalty account is valid and possesses sufficient credit.
In various embodiments, the loyalty system middleware 200 forwards the appropriate credit to the FINCAP or AR systems to generate a credit to the participant's 10 account. As previously disclosed, various embodiments contemplate the participant 10 to “pay” only part of the transaction amount with loyalty credit, in this instance, the participant 10 statement reflects that the charge is only partially offset and the participant 10 is billed for the remaining amount.
Upon completion of the account reconciliation (or at any point in the transaction event), the loyalty system middleware 200 may interact with the loyalty program to substantially permanently update the participant's 10 loyalty account.
In various embodiments, the loyalty currency credit, the transaction details and the loyalty program accounts may be associated within a transaction log database, a participant 10 financial transaction account database, and/or a participant 10 loyalty account database. This association between the transaction details, any participant 10 transaction accounts and the participant 10 loyalty account facilitate customer service features that are common with transaction account use (e.g., a participant 10 charge-back request and merchandise return, etc.), but have been previously unavailable to those redeeming loyalty points for product. For example, when a participant 10 desires to return a product (that has been purchased using loyalty points) to a merchant, the merchant processes the return the same as with any other transaction card purchase, wherein the merchant posts a credit to the participant's 10 loyalty program account. Alternatively, if desired, the FINCAP, upon accessing the transaction details, may recognize the transaction as involving value credits 150 and/or an exchange of loyalty points and may invoke the loyalty system middleware 200 to perform the appropriate conversion from loyalty points to value credit 150 back to loyalty points, and to adjust the participant's 10 loyalty account accordingly. Similarly, during a dispute handling process where the participant 10 requests a charge-back to the merchant, the account manager's customer service agent is able to retrieve data based on (1) transaction details, (2) transaction account information, or (3) loyalty account details. Accordingly, if a charge-back does occur, the loyalty system middleware 200 may be invoked to adjust the amount of loyalty points in the loyalty account.
Various embodiments contemplate a network of merchants, affiliated with the host clearinghouse account manager 101, that may be searched for a variety of products from within the host clearinghouse account manager's 101 website (or alternatively on a co-branded or third-party website). Upon searching this comprehensive catalog of merchandise, and successfully retrieving a desired list of products to choose from, the server applications are suitably configured to present to the participant 10, a list of the retrieved products, the associated merchant, and/or the cost in (i) value credits 150 (e.g., 250 value credits 150) and (ii) non-currency loyalty points (e.g., 59,958 points). After choosing the pay with points virtual “button” a web page may be presented to the participant 10 requesting account information. As appreciated by one skilled in this art, a variety of fields may be configured depending on the type of transaction system used. As previously noted, to calculate the loyalty point value, the web server is configured to suitably engage the loyalty system middleware 200 which in turn may access the CAS, AR System and/or the Loyalty Program in order to verify that sufficient loyalty points and/or financial transaction account credit are available, and to calculate the number of loyalty points needed to complete the transaction. As the loyalty program (or alternatively the loyalty program. middleware 200) may convert the appropriate amount of a first loyalty programs loyalty points to a value credit 150 and into a second loyalty programs loyalty points. The merchant-specific website may be retrieved and the participant 10 completes the transaction using the merchant-specific (having a second loyalty program) website. The merchant may process the transaction as with any loyalty point transaction.
In various embodiments participants 10 may redeem/spend loyalty points in a variety of ways. First, the loyalty points may be deducted at the time of the transaction processing (e.g., during the initial request or during authorization); or second, the transaction may be reflected on the participant's 10 billing statement along with an associated credit that reflects the payment with loyalty points. It should also be appreciated, that a participant 10 may choose to use loyalty points on a transaction-by-transaction basis, and preferably, is able to combine variations of currency (e.g., credit, debit cards, etc.) and non-currency tender (loyalty points), as desired, to effectuate a transaction.
As briefly described above, another embodiment of the present system uses a stored value card or a smart card where the loyalty points are converted to a value credit 150 and then converted to a currency value and may either be posted to a stored value card account or downloaded to a smart card. In this embodiment, the stored value card functions as a debit card that that draws upon a balance maintained in the stored value card account. The stored value card functions as a debit card and is processed using existing banking systems where, upon use, the stored value card amount is debited by an appropriate amount. To reload or add currency value to the stored value account, a participant 10 adds additional value credits 150 by converting additional loyalty points.
For the sake of brevity, conventional data networking, application development and other functional aspects of the systems (and components of the individual operating components of the systems) may not be described in detail herein. Furthermore, the connecting lines shown in the various figures contained herein are intended to represent exemplary functional relationships and/or physical couplings between the various elements. It should be noted that many alternative or additional functional relationships or physical connections may be present in a practical system.
In various exemplary embodiments, at a high level a participant 10 may be able to exchange their time share loyalty points to purchase items off of a virtual point of sale system, In various exemplary embodiments, a participant 10 may be able to convert a buy 10 get one free stamp card for as sandwich shop toward airline travel. In various embodiments, a participant 10 may exchange a sum of grocery store loyalty points, transaction account loyalty points, coffee house loyalty points plus a credit account value towards a hotel reservation.
The various system components discussed herein may include one or more of the following: a host server or other computing systems including a processor for processing digital data; a memory coupled to the processor for storing digital data; an input digitizer coupled to the processor for inputting digital data; an application program stored in the memory and accessible by the processor for directing processing of digital data by the processor; a display device coupled to the processor and memory for displaying information derived from digital data processed by the processor; and a plurality of databases. Various databases used herein may include: client data; merchant data; financial institution data; and/or like data useful in the operation of the system. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, user computer may include an operating system (e.g., Windows NT, Windows 95/98/2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, OS2, UNIX, Linux, Solaris, MacOS, etc.) as well as various conventional support software and drivers typically associated with computers.
In various embodiments, the server may include application servers (e.g. WEB SPHERE, WEB LOGIC, MOSS). In various embodiments, the server may include web servers (e.g. APACHE, IIS, GWS, SUN JAVA SYSTEM WEB SERVER).
A web client includes any device (e.g., personal computer) which communicates via any network, for example such as those discussed herein. Such browser applications comprise Internet browsing software installed within a computing unit or a system to conduct online transactions and/or communications. These computing units or systems may take the form of a computer or set of computers, although other types of computing units or systems may be used, including laptops, notebooks, tablets, hand held computers, personal digital assistants, set-top boxes, workstations, computer-servers, main frame computers, mini-computers, PC servers, pervasive computers, network sets of computers, personal computers, such as iPads, iMACs, and MacBooks, kiosks, terminals, point of sale (PUS) devices and/or terminals, televisions, or any other device capable of receiving data over a network. A web-client may run Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Apple Safari, or any other of the myriad software packages available for browsing the internet.
Practitioners will appreciate that a web client may or may not be in direct contact with an application server. For example, a web client may access the services of an application server through another server and/or hardware component, which may have a direct or indirect connection to an Internet server. For example, a web client may communicate with an application server via a load balancer. In various embodiments, access is through a network or the Internet through a commercially-available web-browser software package.
As those skilled in the art will appreciate, a web client includes an operating system (e.g., Windows NT, 95/98/2000/CE/Mobile, OS2, UNIX, Linux, Solaris, MacOS, PalmOS, etc.) as well as various conventional support software and drivers typically associated with computers. A web client may include any suitable personal computer, network computer, workstation, personal digital assistant, cellular phone, smart phone, minicomputer, mainframe or the like. A web client can be in a home or business environment with access to a network, in various embodiments, access is through a network or the Internet through a commercially available web-browser software package. A web client may implement security protocols such as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS). A web client may implement several application layer protocols including http, https, ftp, and sftp.
In various embodiments, components, modules, and/or engines of system 100 may be implemented as micro -applications or micro-apps, Micro-apps are typically deployed in the context of a mobile operating system, including for example, a Palm mobile operating system, a Windows mobile operating system, an. Android Operating System, Apple iOS, a Blackberry operating system and the like. The micro-app may be configured to leverage the resources of the larger operating system and associated hardware via a set of predetermined rules which govern the operations of various operating systems and hardware resources. For example, where a micro-app desires to communicate with a device or network other than the mobile device or mobile operating system, the micro-app may leverage the communication protocol of the operating system and associated device hardware under the predetermined rules of the mobile operating system. Moreover, where the micro-app desires an input from a user, the micro-app may be configured to request a response from the operating system which monitors various hardware components and then communicates a detected input from the hardware to the micro-app.
As used herein, the term “network” includes any cloud, cloud computing system or electronic communications system or method which incorporates hardware and/or software components. Communication among the parties may be accomplished through any suitable communication channels, such as, for example, a telephone network, an extranet, an intranet, Internet, point of interaction device (point of sale device, personal digital assistant (e.g., iPhone®, Palm Blackberry®), cellular phone, kiosk, etc.), online communications, satellite communications, off-line communications, wireless communications, transponder communications, local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), virtual private network (VPN), networked or linked devices, keyboard, mouse and/or any suitable communication or data input modality. Moreover, although the system is frequently described herein as being implemented with TCP/IP communications protocols, the system may also be implemented using IPX, Appletalk, IP-6, NetBIOS, CSI, any tunneling protocol (e.g. IPsec, SSH), or any number of existing or future protocols. If the network is in the nature of a public network, such as the Internet, it may be advantageous to presume the network to be insecure and open to eavesdroppers. Specific information related to the protocols, standards, and application software utilized in connection with the Internet is generally known to those skilled in the art and, as such, need not be detailed herein. See, for example, DILIP NAIK, INTERNET STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS (1998); JAVA 2 COMPLETE, various authors, (Sybex 1999); DEBORAH RAY AND ERIC RAY, MASTERING HTML 4.0 (1997); and LOSHIN, TCP/IP CLEARLY EXPLAINED (1997) and DAVID GOURLEY AND BRIAN Taffy, HTTP, THE DEFINITIVE GUIDE (2002), the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The various system components may be independently, separately or collectively suitably coupled to the network via data links which includes, for example, a connection to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) over the local loop as is typically used in connection with standard modern communication, cable modem, Dish networks, ISDN, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or various wireless communication methods, see, e.g., GILBERT HELD, UNDERSTANDING DATA COMMUNICATIONS (1996), which is hereby incorporated by reference. It is noted that the network may be implemented as other types of networks, such as an interactive television (ITV) network. Moreover, the system contemplates the use, sale or distribution of any goods, services or information over any network having similar functionality described herein.
“Cloud” or “Cloud computing” includes a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Cloud computing may include location-independent computing, whereby shared servers provide resources, software, and data to computers and other devices on demand. For more information regarding cloud computing, see the NIST's (National Institute of Standards and Technology) definition of cloud computing at http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/cloud-def-v15.doc (Nast visited Feb. 4, 2011), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
As used herein, “transmit” may include sending electronic data from one system component to another over a network connection. Additionally, as used herein, “data” may include encompassing information such as commands, queries, files, data for storage, and the like in digital or any other form.
As used herein, “issue a debit”, “debit” or “debiting” refers to either causing the debiting of a stored value or prepaid card-type financial account, or causing the charging of a credit or charge card-type financial account, as applicable.
Phrases and terms similar to an “item” may include any good, service, information, experience, data, content, access, rental, lease, contribution, account, credit, debit, benefit, right, reward, points, coupons, credits, monetary equivalent, anything of value, something of minimal or no value, monetary value, non-monetary value and/or the like.
The system contemplates uses in association with web services, utility computing, pervasive and individualized computing, security and identity solutions, autonomic computing, cloud computing, commodity computing, mobility and wireless solutions, open source, biometrics, grid computing and/or mesh computing.
One skilled in the art will also appreciate that, for security reasons, any databases, systems devices, servers or other components of the system may consist of any combination thereof at a single location or at multiple locations, wherein each database or system includes any of various suitable security features, such as firewalls, access codes, encryption, decryption, compression, decompression, and/or the like.
Encryption may be performed by way of any of the techniques now available in the art or which may become available—e.g., Twofish, RSA, El Gamal, Schorr signature, DSA, POP, PKI, and symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems.
The computing unit of the web client may be further equipped with an Internet browser connected to the Internet or an intranet using standard dial-up, cable, DSL or any other Internet protocol known in the art. Transactions originating at a web client may pass through a firewall in order to prevent unauthorized access from users of other networks. Further, additional firewalls may be deployed between the varying components of CMS to further enhance security.
The computers discussed herein may provide a suitable website or other Internet-based graphical user interface which is accessible by users. In various embodiments, the Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS), Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS), and Microsoft SQL Server, are used in conjunction with the Microsoft operating system, Microsoft NT web server software, a Microsoft SQL Server database system, and a Microsoft Commerce Server. Additionally, components such as Access or Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, Informix MySQL, Interbase, etc., may be used to provide an Active Data Object (ADO) compliant database management system. In various embodiments, the Apache web server is used in conjunction with a Linux operating system, a MySQL database, and the Perl, PHP, and/or Python programming languages.
Any of the communications, inputs, storage, databases or displays discussed herein may be facilitated through a website having web pages. The term “web page” as it is used herein is not meant to limit the type of documents and applications that might be used to interact with the user. For example, a typical website might include, in addition to standard HTML documents, various forms, Java applets, JavaScript, active server pages (ASP), common gateway interface scripts (CGI), extensible markup language (XML), dynamic HTML, cascading style sheets (CSS), AJAX (Asynchronous Javascript And XML), helper applications, plug-ins, and the like. A server may include, a web service that receives a request from a web server, the request including a URL (http://yahoo.com/stockquotes/ge) and an IP address (123.56.789.234). The web server retrieves the appropriate web pages and sends the data or applications for the web pages to the IP address. Web services are applications that are capable of interacting with other applications over a communications means, such as the internet. Web services are typically based on standards or protocols such as XML, SOAP, AJAX, WSDL, and UDDI. Web services methods are well known in the art, and are covered in many standard texts. See, e.g., ALEX NGHIEM, IT WEB SERVICES: A ROADMAP FOR THE ENTERPRISE (2003), hereby incorporated by reference.
Middleware 200 may include any hardware and/or software suitably configured to facilitate communications and/or process transactions between disparate computing systems, Middleware components are commercially available and known in the art. Middleware 200 may be implemented through commercially available hardware and/or software, through custom hardware and/or software components, or through a. combination thereof. Middleware 200 may reside in a variety of configurations and may exist as a standalone system or may be a software component residing on the Internet server. Middleware 200 may be configured to process transactions between the various components of an application server and any number of internal or external systems for any of the purposes disclosed herein, WebSphere MQTM (formerly MQSeries) by IBM, Inc. (Armonk, N.Y.) is an example of a commercially available middleware product. An Enterprise Service Bus (“ESB”) application is another example of middleware. In various embodiments a mobile app is another example of middleware,
Practitioners will also appreciate that there are a number of methods for displaying data within a browser-based document. Data may be represented as standard text or within a fixed list, scrollable list, drop-down list, editable text field, fixed text field, pop-up window, and the like. Likewise, there are a number of methods available for modifying data in a web page such as, for example, free text entry using a keyboard, selection of menu items, check boxes, option boxes, and the like.
The system and method may be described herein in terms of functional block components, screen shots, optional selections and various processing steps. It should be appreciated that such functional blocks may be realized by any number of hardware and/or software components configured to perform the specified functions. For example, the system may employ various integrated circuit components, e.g., memory elements, processing elements, logic elements, look-up tables, and the like, which may carry out a variety of functions under the control of one or more microprocessors or other control devices. Similarly, the software elements of the system may be implemented with any programming or scripting language such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, VBScript, Macromedia Cold Fusion, COBOL, Microsoft Active Server Pages, assembly, PERL, PHP, awk, Python, Visual Basic, SQL Stored Procedures, PL/SQL, any UNIX shell script, and extensible markup language (XML)) with the various algorithms being implemented with any combination of data structures, objects, processes, routines or other programming elements. Further, it should be noted that the system may employ any number of conventional techniques for data transmission, signaling, data processing, network control, and the like. Still further, the system could be used to detect or prevent security issues with a client-side scripting language, such as JavaScript, VBScript or the like. For a basic introduction of cryptography and network security, see any of the following references: (1) “Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, And Source Code In C,” by Bruce Schreier, published by John Wiley & Sons (second edition, 1995); (2) “Java Cryptography” by Jonathan Knudson, published by O'Reilly & Associates (1998); (3) “Cryptography & Network Security: Principles & Practice” by William Stallings, published by Prentice Hall; all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
As used herein, the term “participant,” “end user”, “consumer”, “customer”, “cardmember”, “business” or “merchant” may be used interchangeably with each other, and each shall mean any person, entity, government organization, business, machine, hardware, and/or software. A bank may be part of the system, but the hank may represent other types of card issuing institutions, such as credit card companies, card sponsoring companies, or third party issuers under contract with financial institutions. It is further noted that other participants may be involved in some phases of the transaction, such as an intermediary settlement institution, but these participants are not shown.
Each participant is equipped with a computing device in order to interact with the system and facilitate online commerce transactions. The customer has a computing unit in the form of a personal computer, although other types of computing units may be used including laptops, notebooks, hand held computers, set-top boxes, cellular telephones, touch-tone telephones and the like. The merchant has a computing unit implemented in the form of a computer-server, although other implementations are contemplated by the system. The bank has a computing center shown as a main frame computer. However, the bank computing center may be implemented in other forms, such as a mini-computer, a PC server, a network of computers located in the same of different geographic locations, or the like. Moreover, the system contemplates the use, sale or distribution of any goods, services or information over any network having similar functionality described herein.
The merchant computer and the bank computer may be interconnected via a second network, referred to as a payment network. The payment network which may be part of certain transactions represents existing proprietary networks that presently accommodate transactions for credit cards, debit cards, and other types of financial/banking cards. The payment network is a closed network that is assumed to be secure from eavesdroppers. Exemplary transaction networks may include the American Express®, VisaNet® and the Veriphone® networks.
The electronic commerce system may be implemented at the customer and issuing bank. In an exemplary implementation, the electronic commerce system is implemented as computer software modules loaded onto the customer computer and the banking computing center. The merchant computer does not require any additional software to participate in the online commerce transactions supported by the online commerce system.
As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the system may be embodied as a customization of an existing system, an add-on product, a processing apparatus executing upgraded software, a stand alone system, a distributed system, a method, a data processing system, a device for data. processing, and/or a computer program product. Accordingly, any portion of the system or a module may take the form of a processing apparatus executing code, era internee based embodiment, an entirely hardware embodiment, or an embodiment combining aspects of the internet, software and hardware. Furthermore, the system may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code means embodied in the storage medium. Any suitable computer-readable, storage medium may be utilized, including hard disks, CD-ROM, optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, and/or the like.
The system and method is described herein with reference to block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of methods, apparatus (e.g., systems), and computer program products according to various embodiments. It will be understood that each functional block of the block diagrams and the flowchart illustrations, and combinations of functional blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, respectively, can be implemented by computer program. instructions.
Referring now to FIGS. 2-3 the process flows depicted are merely embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. For example, the steps recited in any of the method or process descriptions may be executed in any order and are not limited to the order presented. It will be appreciated that the following description makes appropriate references not only to the steps and user interface elements depicted in FIGS. 2-3, but also to the various system components as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
These computer program instructions may be loaded onto a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
Accordingly, functional blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of steps for performing the specified functions, and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. it will also be understood that each functional block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of functional blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by either special purpose hardware-based computer systems which perform the specified functions or steps, or suitable combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. Further, illustrations of the process flows and the descriptions thereof may make reference to user windows, webpages, websites, web forms, prompts, etc. Practitioners will appreciate that the illustrated steps described herein may comprise in any number of configurations including the use of windows, webpages, web forms, popup windows, prompts and the like. It should be further appreciated that the multiple steps as illustrated and described may be combined into single webpages and/or windows but have been expanded for the sake of simplicity. In other cases, steps illustrated and described as single process steps may be separated into multiple webpages and/or windows but have been combined for simplicity.
The term “non-transitory” is to be understood to remove only propagating transitory signals per se from the claim scope and does not relinquish rights to all standard computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se. Stated another way, the meaning of the term “non-transitory computer-readable medium” and “non-transitory computer-readable storage medium” should be construed to exclude only those types of transitory computer-readable media which were found in In Re Nuijten to fall outside the scope of patentable subject matter under 35 U.S.C. §101.
Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described herein with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or elements of the disclosure. The scope of the disclosure is accordingly to be limited by nothing other than the appended claims, in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless explicitly so stated, but rather “one or more.” Moreover, where a phrase similar to ‘at least one of A, B, and C’ or ‘at least one of A, B, or C’ is used in the claims or specification, it is intended that the phrase be interpreted to mean that A alone may be present in an embodiment, B alone may be present in an embodiment, C alone may be present in an embodiment, or that any combination of the elements A, B and C may be present in a single embodiment; for example, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C. Although the disclosure includes a method, it is contemplated that it may be embodied as computer program instructions on a tangible computer-readable carrier, such as a magnetic or optical memory or a magnetic or optical disk. All structural, chemical, and functional equivalents to the elements of the above-described exemplary embodiments that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims. Moreover, it is not necessary for a device or method to address each and every problem sought to be solved by the present disclosure, for it to be encompassed by the present claims. Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element herein is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.” As used herein, the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Phrases and terms similar to an “entity” may include any individual, consumer, customer, group, business, organization, government entity, transaction account issuer or processor (e.g., credit, charge, etc), merchant, consortium of merchants, account holder, charitable organization, software, hardware, and/or any other type of entity. The terms “user,” “consumer,” “purchaser,” and/or the plural form of these terms are used interchangeably throughout herein to refer to those persons or entities that are alleged to be authorized to use a transaction account.
Phrases and terms similar to “account”, “account number”, “account code” or “consumer account” as used herein, may include any device, code (e.g., one or more of an authorization/access code, personal identification number (“PIN”), Internet code, other identification code, and/or the like), number, letter, symbol, digital certificate, smart chip, digital signal, analog signal, biometric or other identifier/indicia suitably configured to allow the consumer to access, interact with or communicate with the system. The account number may optionally be located on or associated with a rewards account, charge account, credit account, debit account, prepaid account, telephone card, embossed card, smart card, magnetic stripe card, bar code card, transponder, radio frequency card or an associated account.
The terms account holder, participant 10, cardmember or CM (and the plural form of these terms) shall mean any person, entity, government organization, business, machine associated with a transaction account, regardless of whether a physical card is associated with the account. For example, the cardmember and/or CM may include a transaction account owner, an transaction account user, an account affiliate, a child account user, a subsidiary account user, a beneficiary of an account, a custodian of an account, or any other person or entity affiliated or associated with a transaction account.
Phrases and terms similar to “transaction account” may include any account that may be used to facilitate a financial transaction. Phrases and terms similar to “financial institution” or “transaction account issuer” may include any entity that offers transaction account services. Although often referred to as a “financial institution,” the financial institution may represent any type of bank, lender or other type of account issuing institution, such as credit card companies, card sponsoring companies, or third party issuers under contract with financial institutions. It is further noted that other participants may be involved in some phases of the transaction, such as an intermediary settlement institution.
Phrases and terms similar to “business” or “merchant” may be used interchangeably with each other and shall mean any person, entity, distributor system, software and/or hardware that is a provider, broker and/or any other entity in the distribution chain of items. For example, a. merchant may be a grocery store, a retail store, a travel agency, a service provider, an on-line merchant or the like.
The terms “payment vehicle,” “financial transaction instrument,” “transaction instrument” and/or the plural form of these terms may be used interchangeably throughout to refer to a financial instrument.
Phrases and terms similar to “merchant,” “supplier” or “seller” may include any entity that receives payment or other consideration. For example, a supplier may request payment for goods sold to a buyer who holds an account with a transaction account issuer.
Phrases and terms similar to a “buyer” may include any entity that receives goods or services in exchange for consideration (e.g. financial payment). For example, a buyer may purchase, lease, rent, barter or otherwise obtain goods from a supplier and pay the supplier using a transaction account.
Phrases and terms similar to “internal data” may include any data a credit issuer possesses or acquires pertaining to a particular consumer. Internal data may be gathered before, during, or after a relationship between the credit issuer and the transaction account holder (e.g., the consumer or buyer). Such data may include consumer demographic data. Consumer demographic data includes any data pertaining to a consumer. Consumer demographic data may include consumer name, address, telephone number, email address, employer and social security number. Consumer transactional data is any data pertaining to the particular transactions in which a consumer engages during any given time period. Consumer transactional data may include, for example, transaction amount, transaction time, transaction vendor/merchant, and transaction vendor/merchant location. Transaction vendor/merchant location may contain a high degree of specificity to a vendor/merchant. For example, transaction vendor/merchant location may include a particular gasoline filing station in a particular postal code located at a particular cross section or address. Also, for example, transaction vendor/merchant location may include a particular web address, such as a Uniform Resource Locator (“URL”), an email address and/or an Internet Protocol (“IP”) address for a vendor/merchant. Transaction vendor/merchant, and transaction vendor/merchant location may be associated with a particular consumer and further associated with sets of consumers. Consumer payment data includes any data pertaining to a consumer's history of paying debt obligations. Consumer payment data may include consumer payment dates, payment amounts, balance amount, and credit limit. Internal data may further comprise records of consumer service calls, complaints, requests for credit line increases, questions, and comments. A record of a consumer service call includes, for example, date of call, reason for call, and any transcript or summary of the actual call.
Phrases similar to a “payment processor” may include a company (e.g., a third party) appointed (e.g., by a merchant) to handle transactions for merchant banks. Payment processors may be broken down into two types: front-end and back-end. Front-end payment processors have connections to various transaction accounts and supply authorization and settlement services to the merchant banks' merchants. Back-end payment processors accept settlements from front-end payment processors and, via The Federal Reserve Bank, move money from an issuing bank to the merchant bank. In an operation that will usually take a few seconds, the payment processor will both check the details received by forwarding the details to the respective account's issuing bank or card association for verification, and may carry out a series of anti-fraud measures against the transaction. Additional parameters, including the account's country of issue and its previous payment history, may be used to gauge the probability of the transaction being approved. In response to the payment processor receiving confirmation that the transaction account details have been verified, the information may be relayed back to the merchant, who will then complete the payment transaction. In response to the verification being denied, the payment processor relays the information to the merchant, who may then decline the transaction. Phrases similar to a “payment gateway” or “gateway” may include an application service provider service that authorizes payments for e-businesses, online retailers, and/or traditional brick and mortar merchants. The gateway may be the equivalent of a. physical point of sale terminal located in most retail outlets. A payment gateway may protect transaction account details by encrypting sensitive information, such as transaction account numbers, to ensure that information passes securely between the customer and the merchant and also between merchant and payment processor.
1. A system comprising:
a processor configured to convert loyalty points to a standard value credit,
a tangible, non-transitory storage memory configured to communicate with the processor,
the tangible, non-transitory storage memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
granting, by the processor, access to a participant to a user interface in response to a verified log on by the participant;
converting, by the processor, a first value of loyalty points in a first loyalty point system to a first value of value credits according to a first conversion ratio, wherein the first conversion ratio is particular to a first merchant;
storing, by the processor, the first value of value credits;
converting, by the processor, a second value of value credits to a second value of loyalty points in a second loyalty point system according to a second conversion ratio, wherein the second conversion ratio is particular to a second merchant; and
transmitting, by the processor, instructions to the second loyalty point system to adjust the loyalty point balance to the second value of loyalty points.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising storing, by the processor, data representing a value of value credits associated with an account of the participant.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising transmitting, by the processor, instructions to a merchant affiliated with the second loyalty point system to perform a redemption of loyalty points.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising converting, by the processor, a third value of value credits to a third value of currency equivalent to be stored to a transaction account.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the transaction account is a pre-paid account.
6. The system of claim 1, enrolling a participant in the system in at least one participating merchant loyalty system automatically without participant enrollment personal information being provided by the participant.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the system provider provides a guarantee associated with loyalty point exchange transactions.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein loyalty point exchange offers are presented to the participant based on historical transaction account spend trends.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein a fee is assessed by the system administrator for each loyalty point exchange.
10. The system of claim 1, further comprising verifying a loyalty point balance of a participant in a third party loyalty system.
11. The system of claim 1, further comprising establishing with a merchant loyalty point system provider a conversion ratio applicable to loyalty point exchanges by contract.
12. The system of claim 1, further comprising offering suggestions of loyalty points exchanges based on at least one frequency of loyalty point use and frequency of loyalty point accrual.
13. The system of claim 1, further comprising offering suggestions of loyalty points exchanges based purchasing power of loyalty points.
14. The system of claim 1, further comprising adjusting the conversion ratio of loyalty point exchange in response to the volume of historical loyalty point exchanges of the participant.
15. The system of claim. 1, further comprising presenting an offer of an item to purchase with loyalty points based on a particular participant's loyalty point aggregated purchasing power balance.
16. The system of claim 1, further comprising populating loyalty point system information via a digital wallet.
17. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is administered by a transaction account issuer.
18. The system of claim 1, further comprising completing a transaction with both loyalty points and a transaction account.
19. A computer-implemented method comprising:
granting, by a computer-based system for loyalty point exchange, access to a participant to a user interface in response to a verified log on by the participant;
converting, by the computer-based system, a first value of loyalty points in a first loyalty point system to a first value of value credits according to a first conversion ratio, wherein the first conversion ratio is particular to a first merchant;
storing, by the computer-based system, the first value of value credits;
converting, by the computer-based system, a second value of value credits to a second value of loyalty points in a second loyalty point system according to a second conversion ratio, wherein the second conversion ratio is particular to a second merchant; and
transmitting, by the computer-based system, instructions to the second loyalty point system to adjust the loyalty point balance to the second value of loyalty points.
20. An article of manufacture including a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by a computer-based system for loyalty point exchange, cause the computer-based system to perform operations comprising:
granting, by the computer-based system, access to a participant to a user interface in
response to a verified log on by the participant;
storing, by the computer-based. system, the first value of value credits;
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Owner name: AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES COMPANY,
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Anti-Abortion-Rights Groups Push GOP To Rethink Rape And Incest Exceptions
By Sarah McCammon • May 22, 2019
Students and activists carry signs during the annual "March for Life" in Washington, D.C., earlier this year.
Andrew Caballero-Reynolds / AFP/Getty Images
Originally published on May 22, 2019 6:11 pm
Updated at 2:50 p.m. ET
Opponents of abortion rights have a long history of supporting abortion bans with three major exceptions: when the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest, or when a woman's life is at risk.
But fueled by momentum from the passage of a restrictive abortion law in Alabama, a coalition of anti-abortion-rights groups released a letter Wednesday asking Republican officials to "reconsider decades-old talking points" on exceptions to such laws.
"We understand that issues like rape and incest are difficult topics to tackle; nevertheless, it is our view that the value of human life is not determined by the circumstances of one's conception or birth," said a draft of the letter provided to NPR by Students for Life of America, which led the effort.
The letter, which is addressed to Republican National Committee Chairwoman Ronna Romney McDaniel, goes on: "A child conceived in rape is still a child. We don't blame children for other matters outside their control. Why should we do so here?"
The document praises Alabama's law, which prohibits abortion at all stages of pregnancy unless a woman's life is threatened. It would send doctors convicted of violating the law to prison for up to 99 years. That law, like several other early bans passed this year, has not yet taken effect.
In an interview, Students for Life President Kristan Hawkins said she hopes to see more Republican lawmakers support abortion bans that do not include exceptions for rape and incest.
"I think it's time to start having the conversation," Hawkins said. "There is a fear in the Republican Party about talking about rape at all. ... But I don't think it's something we should be afraid of."
I think it's time to start having the conversation. There is a fear in the Republican Party about talking about rape at all. ... But I don't think it's something we should be afraid of. - Kristan Hawkins
Hawkins noted that some Republicans are hesitant to wade into the subject because of the memory of former Missouri Rep. Todd Akin, who bungled the issue during his 2012 Senate campaign when he falsely claimed that because of female biology, a pregnancy would be unlikely in cases of what he described as a "legitimate rape."
"If it's a legitimate rape, the female body has ways to try to shut that whole thing down," Akin said. He went on to lose the race.
But Hawkins said she and others in the movement now see a new opportunity to push for near-total abortion bans.
That position is at odds with statements in recent days by several leading Republicans, including McDaniel, who have expressed opposition to Alabama's law because of its lack of exceptions.
"Personally, I would have the exceptions," McDaniel told CNN. "That's my personal belief. But we are a party that is a broad tent."
President Trump also appeared to distance himself from laws like Alabama's, tweeting, "As most people know, and for those who would like to know, I am strongly Pro-Life, with the three exceptions - Rape, Incest and protecting the Life of the mother – the same position taken by Ronald Reagan."
As most people know, and for those who would like to know, I am strongly Pro-Life, with the three exceptions - Rape, Incest and protecting the Life of the mother - the same position taken by Ronald Reagan. We have come very far in the last two years with 105 wonderful new.....
As The Washington Post has noted, former President Ronald Reagan's positions on abortion shifted throughout his political career, and as California's governor in the 1960s, he signed what was then seen as a liberal abortion law.
The official GOP platform generally takes an anti-abortion-rights position and does not spell out exceptions for rape or incest.
House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy says he opposes the AL abortion law for not have exceptions for rape/incest/life of mother, but falsely claims "that’s what our platform says." The official GOP platform explicitly does not include those exceptions either. (1/2)
— Susan Davis (@DaviSusan) May 16, 2019
But many leading Republicans who oppose abortion rights have historically allowed for those exceptions, said Mary Ziegler, a law professor at Florida State University who studies the history of reproductive rights.
Abandoning that position "would mark a major shift in the public terms of debate," Ziegler said in an email. "We are seeing a major bid for strategic power being made by absolutists."
Travis Weber, vice president for policy at the Family Research Council, who signed the letter, said he sees momentum for more restrictive abortion laws.
"There is no time like now to continue [the] conversation about protecting all human life, no matter how defenseless and helpless," Weber wrote in a message.
Other signers of the letter urging Republicans to rethink their messaging on rape and incest exceptions include leaders of March for Life, Operation Rescue, Priests for Life and Abby Johnson — a former Planned Parenthood director who now leads an organization that encourages clinic workers to leave their jobs.
"Now is the time for those who value the sanctity of human life to be consistent in our beliefs and policies," Johnson said in a statement. "Either we believe that all life has infinite value and worth, or we don't."
But other leading anti-abortion-rights groups did not sign the letter, among them the Susan B. Anthony List, which has played an influential role in lobbying Trump to appoint conservative judges. In an emailed statement, spokeswoman Mallory Quigley said the organization strongly supports Alabama's law and called it and other recently passed abortion restrictions an "inspiration." She declined to comment specifically on why the group chose not to sign.
Steve Aden of Americans United for Life said he had not seen the document but expressed skepticism about removing rape and incest exceptions.
"The pro-life movement, state by state, has made real progress in getting the Supreme Court and the state legislatures to see that Roe should be reconsidered, but I don't see the need or the wisdom of these absolutist positions," Aden said, referring to the 1973 decision that legalized abortion nationwide.
The letter to McDaniel comes as Charlotte Pence, the daughter of Vice President Pence, penned an op-ed in The Washington Times expressing support for Alabama's law. "Personally, I would not encourage a friend to get an abortion if she suffered the horrendous evil of rape or incest because I care about her child — and her. I do not believe abortion provides healing," she writes.
Republican pollster and strategist Glen Bolger said the current debates over abortion — including efforts in states like New York to expand abortion rights — mark the end of what he describes as "a longtime undeclared truce" on abortion. In an email, Bolger said advocates on both sides of the abortion debate are pushing harder, with many reproductive rights groups working to remove abortion restrictions and many abortion-rights opponents promoting bans with virtually no exceptions.
"It is risky strategy," Bolger said, because Americans' views on abortion are more nuanced than many of the current proposals reflect. More than three-quarters, 77 percent, support legal abortion in the first trimester in cases of rape and incest, according to a Gallup survey.
"Anytime you try to lead the public where they are not willing to go, it can boomerang politically," Bolger said.
In response to the letter, Ilyse Hogue of NARAL Pro-Choice America said abortion-rights opponents have always debated "just how hard to push to criminalize abortion, and Georgia and Alabama show that the radical fringe is winning. But the fact remains that the entire anti-choice movement is dangerously out of step with the mainstream pulse of the country." She also blamed Trump for creating "the conditions for the hard-right turn on reproductive rights."
Dr. Leana Wen, president of Planned Parenthood Action Fund, said in a statement that "any ban on access to safe, legal abortion risks women's lives, and is an attack on our fundamental human rights."
"People across America are horrified," she continued. "And we at Planned Parenthood will continue to stand up and speak out against politicians trying to play politics with women's lives."
Ohioans Join Nationwide Protest Of Abortion Laws
By Jo Ingles • May 22, 2019
SAM ABERLE / Ohio Public Radio
Supporters of legal abortion rallied at the Ohio Statehouse and other state capitals throughout the nation on Tuesday.
Across The Country, Protesters Rally To Stop States' Abortion Bans
By Laurel Wamsley • May 21, 2019
Abortion-rights advocates are holding rallies across the country Tuesday, protesting a wave of laws passed by states in recent weeks to severely restrict access to abortions.
Organizers include the ACLU, Planned Parenthood Action Fund, and NARAL Pro-Choice America. More than 400 events were planned for a national day of action outside statehouses and courts, united under the #StopTheBans moniker.
The New Push To Limit Abortion In The U.S.
By All Sides Staff • May 21, 2019
Google Creative Commons
Alabama Governor Kay Ivey has signed into law what's already being considered the toughest anti-abortion legislation in the nation.
The controversial measure is part of the latest push to test the limits of abortions rights at the state level. The ACLU of Ohio has sued the state for its own so-called “heartbeat bill,” which bans abortions after a fetal heartbeat can be detected.
Today on All Sides, the movement to limit legal abortions in the U.S.
ACLU Sues Ohio To Block 'Heartbeat' Abortion Ban
By Gabe Rosenberg • May 15, 2019
Jim Salter / Associated Press
ACLU of Ohio filed a federal lawsuit Wednesday challenging Ohio’s recent “heartbeat” abortion ban, which was signed into law last month.
Missouri Senate Passes Bill That Would Ban Abortions After 8 Weeks
By Merrit Kennedy • May 16, 2019
Missouri's Senate has passed a bill that would ban abortions at eight weeks of pregnancy or later, except in cases of medical emergency. There are no exceptions for rape or incest.
It's the latest in a series of sweeping abortion restrictions passed by Republican-controlled state legislatures aimed at pushing abortion challenges to the U.S. Supreme Court.
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Erectile Dysfunction, Experts, Nutrition & Supplements, Peyronie's Disease, Research
Peyronie’s & ED Treatment…”Supplements & Foods that Cause a Harder Straighter Erection”…
Video March 15, 2017 Charles Runels, MD Leave a comment
(scroll down to read transcript of this video)
Priapus Shot Providers (click) <--
Resources & References (Video Explains)...
Very Helpful Review Article
(click to read)<--
3-Day Fat Burn. The quickest way I know to blast off libido with eating strategies (click)<--
Coleus...
Yohimbine...
Arginine Powder...
Citraline
Double blind study of Co-Q10 (click to read)<--
186 men with "early chronic" Peyronie's got 300mg Co-Q10 per day. The other group got placebo.
No other treatment!
At the end of 6 months...
Placebo group-average plaque size and curvature increased. 56% of the men in the group were worse. No one was better.
In the men who took 300mg Co-Q10, average plaque size and curvature improved and erectile function improved! Only 13.6% of the men worsened.
Conclusion. Co-Q10 prevents worsening 87% of the time, and improves curvature & erectile function & decreases plaque size in most men after 6 months of treatment.
Recommended Co-Q10. This is a 6 month supply of high quality in 1 bottle. Put this buy where ever you have your morning meal or protein shake and take with that....
Vitamin E used in combination with other therapies. (Click to read)<--
Men with Peyronie's were divided into 2 groups and treated for 6 months.
In 1/2 of the men, vitamin E at a does of 1,200 IU was give once a day as part of a combination therapy.
The other 1/2 got the combination therapy without the vitamin E
The men who did not get the vitamin E saw and average decrease in curvature of 6 degrees. Average reduction in plaque was 36%. Of the men treated, 48% improved.
With the men who DID get vitamin E, an average decrease in curvature of twice as much occurred--12%. The average plaque reduction was 50% and of the men treated 96% improved!
No one in the vitamin E group saw a worsening of the curvature or an increase in the size of the plaque. Some of the men who did not take vitamin E did see an worsening of the curvature with 17% of them seeing an increase in the size of the plaque!
The vitamin E group also saw a more significant increase in erectile function.
This is a wonderful example of the "fire" analogy. Sometimes it takes more than 1 thing a the same time to build a fire.
One of each of these per day gives 1,250 IU's (1,000 + 250) with an excellent quality and a few cofactors that help the E work better...
<--one of these + one of these-->
Beginning of Transcript of Webinar...
Dr Runels: So thank you guys for coming. There's this idea by some people that whatever you have with your erection, you can only make things better by taking medicines, and that the blood flow through the penis itself can't be improved, but as a matter of fact it can be improved, and there's research dating back at least the past 15, 20 years demonstrating that that is possible. Before, there was a Priapus Shot®.
So as we go through this, I'll just run through this and lay down the research the best I understand it. There may be some other physicians on the phone here, actually I see several other physicians on the phone, and so at some point I'll open the floor for discussion and I'll also open the phone of some of the other physicians so that we can answer your questions.
After spending years, 25 plus years taking care of people, and intensively studying for the past few years ways to make the erection better specifically, other than things ... if you think about it, if you take Viagra, that's a great drug, but it's not doing anything to correct the problem, it's just making what's there work harder. Same with an implant, but the idea of actually making the blood flow itself into the penis better is what we're talking about here.
Some of you may be on this call because you subscribe to this newsletter here where I intend to put down what I determined from the medical literature to be things that have been proven to be helpful, like hormones, exercise, of course our priapus shot, nutrition, using a pump, so today's topic is about the pump, and we'll go to the sort of an outline, and I haven't made this page available yet, but here are some of the most powerful things I've seen, and a lot of this, this comes from a lot of research, but much of what I'll show you is summarized in a paper that you'll find a link to on the page right here, and when you click on that it takes you there. I'll tell you how to get to this page after the webinar, and I'll post a recording of this right there at the top of the page so you can review it.
If you click on that, it takes you to this excellent review article that goes into all the things that have been demonstrated in the way of lifestyle and eating and supplements to improve the erection and how that works. So the most powerful one is exercise. I hate to say it, some people hate exercise, but so important that I'll cover that in a separate webinar.
But getting to the supplements, folic acid, antioxidants, calcium I think is less helpful, vitamin C, vitamin E, and again hormones will be covered in another episode. Now when it comes to the antioxidants what I've observed and others, and what the research shows is that C and E are helpful, and even for Peyronie's disease there's a double-blind, placebo controlled study that I've posted, showing that, if you go to this part here about vitamin E and click on this, there was a double-blind ... this showed that using the vitamin E helped Peyronie's disease.
Also there was a study here with CoQ10 where they took 196 men with early chronic Peyronie's and gave them 300 mg of CoQ10 per day, and no other treatment, and then at the end of the six months, the people who were taking the placebo on average saw a worsening, and no one was improved, but in the people who took the coq10, the plaque size improved on average and only 13 percent of them worsened. This was a true placebo controlled study.
All of the studies show that there's a synergy, there's an actual synergy, so what I see, and this is a huge problem I think, is that people will try one thing and they think that doesn't work, so they discard it instead of adding that one thing to the other things. My favorite analogy with that is starting a fire. If someone told you, and you had no idea what a fire is, told you to light a match, you wouldn't see very much, so you decided okay, matches don't work. And the next day someone told you that you should use wood, pile up a bunch of wood, but alone of course that wouldn't do much for a fire. Someone says, okay really what you need to make a fire is a stack of wood, put some lighter fluid on it, and then light a match, then you would have a real fire.
This is what you're looking at, this picture is the match that starts the erection fire of improved erectile function in your penis. The way this works is that nitric oxide, neuronal nitric oxide synthase relaxes the arteries, so the things that promote neuronal nitric oxide are these, and you have to have the right dose, at least enough of the stuff.
Vitamin C I like at least three grams a day with food, vitamin E at least 1250 mg, that's what's in the research. Now, let's go and look at arginine and citrulline, because that's very interesting, if you look at what he writes about here, he said there was no effect at all at the lower dose of one and a half grams per day. That's a big tablet, most people have trouble swallowing a tablet that's more than one gram. But in a randomized trial of five grams per day, there was improvement in 31% of the men.
What I recommend is arginine or glutamine at four grams, three times a day, twelve grams a day. If you take that in tablets it gets to be very expensive, so what I recommend you do is buy it in a powder and taking that many pills will exhaust you, so I recommend that you mix the powder with water. Now, hang with me here, because it does no good in my opinion to look at all this research. As a matter of fact, I don't like looking at research unless there's a way to actually use it to make people healthier.
I like the science piece of it, sometimes it's interesting, but if I can't tell you exactly what to do to make your life better and your erections better, then it's a waste, you might as well be watching the news. So I'm telling you how to implement this. Everything on here is going to be exactly how to do it.
So arginine. Not only does arginine help with nitric oxide production, but what he doesn't say right here is arginine and glutamine both, taken on an empty stomach, stimulate the pituitary gland to release growth hormone, which causes somatomedin C production by the liver and other tissues. So it causes you to make more growth hormone, which also is associated with firmness of erection and associated with decreased vascular disease. It's a cheap way of taking growth hormone, but it doesn't work if you mix it with your milkshake or your food because it doesn't act pharmacologically.
So for it to have its effect on the pituitary gland, arginine or glutamine or citrulline, they have to be the only amino acids in the bloodstream. A practical way of doing this is to wake up, and the first thing you take in the morning is not food, and it's not your protein shake, it's the things that work best on an empty stomach. So that might be your SAMe, if you take SAMe, it's your arginine, if you're taking thyroid medication, this is when you take your thyroid with something without amino acids like water or some juice.
Then you wait about 20 minutes, you don't have to wait a long time, 20 minutes before you have your protein meal, or protein shake, or whatever you're doing. So arginine, they say three grams once a day, I would say that's a minimum. Shoot for four grams three times a day on an empty stomach. Now how to get an empty stomach three times a day. What you do is when you think of eating, take the arginine first, just mix a scoop of it. It's interesting, in the pills, hard to get it down, it's a bunch of pills, but you'll see four grams in a scoop is not very much. Mix it in half a glass of water or juice or something, you down it, and wait 10 or 15 minutes before we eat. Arginine is huge.
Now, testosterone. We'll get to, when we talk about hormones in a future episode, it's huge but it's not the subject of today. Omega 3 fatty acids, you'll see here he talks about that, it's proven over and over again it helps circulation. They recommend a gram of omega 3 fatty acids because that's what the American Heart Association talks about.
I'm not as big a fan of folic acid. You can read the paper, take it if you want. Calcium I think it makes people constipated sometimes, and although talk about lowering blood pressure, I think magnesium lowers blood pressure better than calcium, so I'm not as big a fan of those. Vitamin C they say 500 to 1000 mg. I would reduce that to 300 mg, but take your vitamin C at the beginning of a meal, so don't take it with an empty stomach because it's acidic, take your vitamin C and your vitamin E at the beginning of a meal.
So let's go back and look at this again. So arginine and citrulline, arginine's what I would go for. They are going to help with the nitric oxide, promote it, and they also boost growth hormone levels, which he doesn't talk about here. He also mentions another antioxidant that I put here on the page, this. Pycnogenol, it's a very, very, very powerful antioxidant, but you need to take it at least 100 mg per day, and you can take that with food.
Now, what about food? It's interesting to me, by the way this whole, remember you can click there to get to this article and I'll give you a link to this shortly. Food. Food is, it's interesting to me when people talk about, we want to talk about medicines and supplements, which are measured in milligrams. Think about this for a second. Your food is measured in pounds. So if milligrams of supplements can have an effect on your body and your life and your brain and your sexual function, you better believe that food can make a huge, huge difference in your life, and your body, and the way you feel.
Now, I did some research participating with Dr. Atkins. I went to San Francisco when Barry Sears first came out with his own diet. Actually their zone bars, you have to be a certified provider, and be in his training, which was more nutrition by far than I ever learned in medical school, before you could sell the zone bars. I never sold the zone bars when I went out and trained with him, and I've come up with my own ways of combining things.
The problem with the Zone diet is that it's difficult, it takes a lot of time. The low carb diets are not so energizing, so it gets confusing when people talk about food. Counting calories, people don't like that. The bottom line is, after taking care of people for 25 plus years, and I ran a weight loss clinic for about 12 of those years, it's just miserable when people start trying to monitor their food. So there are some principles that I like to teach, and I would recommend two things. I would recommend the Zone book sort of as a way of swinging two bats before you swing one. If you just make a point, and his website's very supportive, make a point of following his diet the best you can for about a week, you'll learn some principles.
For example, it's best to eat about the number of calories that you'll need over the next three hours or so, and then you're sort of titrating the amount of calories, and then if you get the ratios right of protein, carbohydrates, and fat, there's neither a lethargy nor a hunger, both of which make you not at your best function, which is the idea behind the Zone, like a zone an athlete is in.
Now, trying to come up with a cram course in how to teach you both the ideas of fasting, which also does some things with growth hormone, it does some things with your pituitary gland and your brain that make sex better, not during the fast but immediately afterwards, and how to teach the zone, and how to teach low carb, I came up with this crash course that I call the three day fat burn, and it comes with some ideas about exercise. Either way, get one or both of those if you need to think about your nutrition, because if you go back to this article, it is absolutely imperative, if you look at this, look at food. What inhibits, doesn't matter if you're doing your testosterone, your vitamin E and your vitamin C, it does not matter.
You realize this inhibits, so this is lighter fluid for your erection fire, this is water. All these things are putting water on your erections. Smoking, I think if you're a smoker you probably should just consider being a priest, because eventually most guys who smoke, not all, but most guys eventually have some problems with their erections if they're smoking. I don't want to start preaching about smoking. I have some ideas, I have a very high success rate with addiction in general in my practice, and I'll tell you right now, the smoking idea, I'll give you a preview because I have an episode of this coming up, here's a preview.
Freud says you never quit a habit, you only substituted one for the other, but if it's a strong habit like smoking, you have to substitute a bunch of habits for the one habit of smoking, and so I cover that later. High fat, high sugar intake, I think the sugar is by far, in this article you see is 17 years old, but it's still very, very true, and the parts that aren't true I'm telling you, and the high fat has become less important than it was 17 years ago. Now we know you can actually lower cholesterol, and lower and improve blood pressure with high fat diets, as long as they're low sugar.
If you're high fat and high sugar you're just going to gain weight and it's poison. Sugar is the thing that's the poison, and when people say they go on diets where all they do is cut out sugar and white bread, well white bread, bagels, that's just sugar in disguise. It almost instantly turns into sugar, so you might as well just take a spoonful as sugar any time you eat white bread or pizza crust or a bagel. It's literally like eating a candy bar.
The obesity of course, and diabetes, we're not talking about the results here, I'm talking with you about the habits of food, and supplements that will change these other things. Of course diabetes and obesity, because diabetes interfere with erections, because diabetes causes nerve damage, it causes increase atherosclerosis. This is key, and a lot of patients, a lot of people don't think about this. I want you to think about this really, really hard if you're a diabetic person, if you're a person suffering with diabetes, or the trouble of having diabetes. Lowering your blood pressure tied to diabetes, not type I, if you're a type II adult onset, which now sometimes occurs in children, if you suffer with type II diabetes, lowering your blood sugar with a drug is like force feeding your body.
Realize the reason the high blood sugar occurs is your body says, "I've got enough nutrition here." The insulin receptors go down, so the insulin doesn't work anymore, so insulin levels go high. That's why it's called insulin resistance. And blood sugar goes up because the body says, "I don't want this sugar anymore, i already have all the sugar I need."
So it goes high in your bloodstream and you start to urinate the sugar, you start urinating a lot. Now, when you take the insulin, or you take the drug, you're basically force-feeding the body that extra sugar instead of just not eating, or going for a walk and burning the sugar off. The reason I tell you all that is, if you suffer with diabetes I want you to know that, just like being on a blood pressure pill and controlling your blood pressure does not take away the risk of hypertension for increasing your risk of heart disease, having the diagnosis of diabetes and insulin resistance does not take away your risk or problems from that.
As a matter of fact, the research shows that the more tightly you control your blood sugar, more than one study, both as an outpatient and in the hospital, the more tight you control your blood sugar, the more you have an increase in heart disease and stroke. That's a really scary thing, because you're stuck. You need to take the medicines to keep from the problems of hyperglycemia, but yet if you take the medicines then you have problems, too, and that's why, because it's basically force-feeding.
The way to deal with it is increase insulin resistance, and decrease diet at the same time. Increase resistance by exercise, and to do that, if you're on medicines you really need the supervision of a doctor. I don't want to dwell on that too much, but there may be some people dealing with diabetes right now and you need, in my opinion, I hate to say it but unfortunately the nutritionists who were trained by the powers that be that deal with diabetes, in my opinion, often they're not as effective as something, a combination of therapies using something like the zone diet with walking.
The walking or the exercise, again we'll get to that later, but it's not 30 minutes two or three times a week, it's just not adequate. But I have a way of making it easy, so we'll get to that.
Back to his list, he's got ... I think we've covered, and then I have a couple more we'll talk about. So the inhibitors are high fat, although the fat doesn't bother me much, the poisonous sugar, smoking, excessive alcohol. The alcohol changes, here's the thing about alcohol, it changes the way you metabolize sugar. It's not just the sugar in the alcohol, and that's where some of the commercials sort of trick them. They do trick people, because having a low calorie alcoholic drink doesn't make it not change they way you're dealing with sugar. It's effect on the liver has an effect on the way you metabolize sugar that makes you more susceptible to problems with metabolism, even if alcohol itself doesn't have that many calories in it.
Again, I'm not trying to turn you into a priest, but my advice to people is instead of doing drugs like alcohol and caffeine, be a drug. That's what one of the gurus said. Be a personality that is a drug instead of taking drugs.
Again, I don't want to preach at you too much, I'm just telling you we'll get to this later. As a matter of fact, I don't even want you to try to quit the stuff now, I just want you to focus on the things to do, and the things to do we're talking about so far are the arginine, the vitamin E, the not so much calcium, the antioxidants, vitamin C, and folic acid. Now, this nitric oxide promotes cyclic GMP, which causes the erection. The reason Viagra, which is PDE5, the reason it helps the erection is it inhibits the breakdown of the cyclic GMP.
Let's go back to here, we're getting close, there's no reason to make this go, I'm going to open the floor to questions here in a minute. Let's go back to our thing here. So coq10, vitamin E, we talked about, when it came up here ... by the way you can click on these and order from Amazon. You might have another source, but I just shopped Amazon for the best price on what I thought was the best quality. This is 1000 mg and 250 mg, that includes some other things that help.
Okay, so we're into this long enough I think I'll stop here and open it for questions. Before I do, I want to show you, this will be the second in this lesson. We've talked about pumps already. We'll talk about the priapus shot in the next one and really details about hormones and exercise, and then my tips on how to quit smoking. If you want to get the whole thing and you're not subscribed, here's where to subscribe. It's priapusshot.com/peyronies. Even though I'm talking about Peyronie's and researched that literature very carefully, everything I'm talking about here helps erections as well.
Before I open it to everybody, let me see, is there any physicians on the phone who want to add to what we've talked about so far, just raise your hand and I'll unmute your mic, because I know there are some people. Then I'll unmute the mic for anyone else who has questions. So let's see. Elizabeth Owings. So let me unmute your mic, Elizabeth. So Dr. Owings, let me give you a little preview. Dr. Owings has an amazing resume, she's been trained as a pediatrician, a pediatric surgeon, four different residencies, just a brilliant woman, and she's one of our priapus shot providers and she's had some experience that I think she wants to share. Let me see if I can unmute you.
Elizabeth? Dr. Owings?
Elizabeth Owings, MD: Yeah, can you hear me?
Charles Runels, MD: Beautiful, yep. You're up.
Elizabeth Owings, MD: Can you hear me?
Charles Runels, MD: Yes. Can perfectly.
Elizabeth Owings, MD: Okay great. All right, I just wanted to give some hope because I've not worked with a lot of men with Peyronie's disease, but I've worked with a lot of men with erectile dysfunction. I was the chief medical advisor of a supplement manufacturing company for many years, so I know my way around the herbal and nutritional world, the amino acids, the arginine and citrulline. We saw some incredible results with combination products, especially arginine plus citrulline, these two things together. Apparently arginine can be turned interesting nitric oxide, or it can be turned into urea.
One of the things that citrulline does is drive it towards that nitric oxide pathway, and it's just a beautiful thing when you see that work. Just a little piece of hope, I've seen men, diabetic, no erection for 20 years. I'm sorry, someone's trying to call in. No erection for 20 years, successfully complete intercourse after three to six months of combination products like this. That just brings hope because you know that this, it's like this relationship is flowering all over again.
That's the main thing I wanted to share. Blood pressure tends to get better, all sorts of things get better when you're supplementing these things.
Charles Runels, MD: So what does ... two things, first of all three to six months, this is not ... a lot of people think food and nutritional things can be immediate, usually they're not, as she just pointed out. Usually with the change in metabolism there's a change in body, and I know when you change someone's hormones it takes four years for the full effect to take. For example, a woman has a hysterectomy, it's usually three to four years before ... and she's not properly hormonally replaced, so you remove her ovaries, her hormones go crazy. It's usually weight gain for three to four years before she levels off.
Same thing if a man starts taking testosterone, lifting weights, his body will change and he'll plateau three to four years out, so even three to six months is really fast for a metabolic change where you're rebuilding tissue. Obviously these are causing, rebuilding also is causing an accumulation of this nitric oxide, neurotransmitters, nerve. So I heard three to six months. Tell us what dosages you were using when you were in this experience.
Elizabeth Owings, MD: In that particular experience, it was going to be arginine at five to ten grams a day, and this was a liquid product we were working with, although I've had equal results with a powder, this particular one was liquid. I think I'm happier with the powder, we had a lot of diarrhea with the liquid, something about one of the mineral masks or something, but that's okay.
Plus 200 mg of citrulline, 2-400 mg of citrulline. Now, I have seen a product that had some remarkable blood pressure results clinically in a study, that used 1000 mg of citrulline. It was a combination product. Again, just like you said, one of the frustrating things about some of these articles is that they're trying to do one thing at a time, and that's the way you're supposed to do it in your test kitchen, but when we're trying to get someone better from a disease they're not supposed to be able to get better from, I say throw everything at it, do everything. Why are you holding back?
Charles Runels, MD: Yes.
Elizabeth Owings, MD: You have to do your studies in a certain way, but when you're trying to help people get better like we are, I say give the body every chance that it needs, because you don't necessarily know what tests to order to find out what they're deficient in sometimes. You just know that if we do this combination of things they're going to get better.
Anyway, most recent one had I think a gram and a half of arginine and a gram of citruline, and some other things like a micronized cayenne. They didn't have hawthorn in this one, but just a couple other things in there, red yeast rice extract. Several things put together and you're really going to see good results with that.
There are lots of things out there. You can get a good testimonial from anybody, I'm just saying there's hope. If you've been told there's no hope, and you've been impotent for 10 or 20 years and you just live with it, I'm telling you there's hope.
Charles Runels, MD: Beautiful. Let's see, so stay on the line. We may have someone else that you can help me with. Someone wrote in and said, "I've noticed I have back pain from taking one to two grams of arginine. Do I just need more water?"
I've heard the diarrhea and nausea. Glutamine has a similar effect of arginine, so that's an idea, but you have any ideas on that, Dr. Owings, as far as the back pain? That's a new one for me.
Elizabeth Owings: I don't think I've run into that before, although I'll tell you where the conversion is, is in the liver and the kidneys. I don't know, it may be one of those things where you want to spread the dose out and see if the back pain goes away. I'm not as strict a disciplinarian as I used to be, nothing happens twice a day, or heaven forbid three times a day in my house. I have to take my arginine first thing in the morning or the last thing before I go to bed. Two scoops go in my big bottle of water, I shake it up and down it while I'm doing my workout or whatever.
This may be a person that wants, instead of that approach, spread it out two or three times a day and see if that doesn't improve it. I wish I knew where the back pain was, if it was central or bilateral, or ...
Charles Runels MD: I'll go along with what you said earlier, too, about powder versus liquid. I just think the powder's easier to carry around obviously than the liquid, as far as the practicality of taking something two or three times a day. The only way I've found to do that is to keep it at home, wherever I eat breakfast, and at the office or in my backpack when I was an ER doctor, so that whenever I ate lunch it would be there and it would be the thing I did right before I ate the lunch.
But you're right, unless you have something to trigger it, or it's there with you all the time, then it's almost impossible to do something three or four times a day. Let's see if I see any other hands up. Let's see.
Annette has her hand up, we'll see if I can ... can you type the question in, Annette? I'm trying to unmute you.
Someone is asking, would you give her a combination of items again, Dr. Owings?
Elizabeth Owings, MD: Yeah, sure.
Charles Runels, MD: So your ultimate combination.
Elizabeth Owings, MD: Would include arginine, citrulline for sure, a combination of antioxidants, especially the ones that you cannot store, so your B and C, your B combination and C, vitamin D, it's been shown to be a shepherd of the gene pool, we only have 20,000 genes, and vitamin D may influence up to 10% of those, and it appears to be favorable in every case. Down regulate cancer genes, and up regulate heart health things.
I once downloaded a cardiology article that had like 150 references of the impact of vitamin D on the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular health and heart disease. So definitely at least 2000 IUs of vitamin D and 5000 is perfectly okay. There's never been a toxicity associated with even taking 10,000 units of vitamin D a day. Don't let them scare you.
Those are going to be the main things. I love coq10, and now it's less expensive. I'm not committed to whether the water soluble or fat soluble is better. I think it just depends. People have had their gallbladders out, there's all sorts of factors that may play in there that are hard to determine, so I think the jury's out on that one.
I'm still a hawthorn fan, it doesn't take a lot of the hawthorn berry to get some benefit. Red yeast rice, I mean they'll still hold the shipment offshore for a little while because somebody's trying to say it's a drug because it's the same active ingredient that's in some of your statin medications. The reason your statins are dangerous is that they don't have coq10. They knew that statins cause liver and muscle damage 20 years ago, and they thought about putting coq10 with it because it seemed to prevent that, and they just decided not to. I guess it was an expense.
So definitely if you're going to take the statin or you're going to take something with red yeast rice, you better make sure you got your coq10. Probably even 30 mg is enough to offset some of the badness of it, but like you said up to 300 mg if you want the most positive effect.
That's a long list. I don't know if any one product has all of those things, but those are the kind of things that I look at when I'm looking at a cardiovascular product.
Charles Runels, MD: Let me add to some of the things you said. The vitamin D is not in this article, because as you know some of that research is more recent, and I just want to second that. Somewhere around 10,000 per day. The other thing that's not really talked about very much anymore, there used to be a prescription version of yohimbe. It's really hard to come by a pharmaceutical grade yohimbe, and if you don't take the right amount, if it's sort of low grade, it can make you have chills and headaches. But a 5 mg yohimbe, a pharmaceutical grade, would cure erectile dysfunction in 25% of men, and it's one of the only things, only supplements out there that actually increases libido.
Now, I can also make people irritable, and there's talk about it can raise blood pressure, but if you do the other things that we talk about with the walking, I never saw the blood pressure problem, but if you use yohimbe you have to think about blood pressure headaches and irritability. But a pharmaceutical grade yohimbe will treat, before we had Viagra that's what we had, and 25% of men with erectile dysfunction would be cured.
Coleus root is another one. In rat studies, they castrated rats. C-O-L-E-U-S. They castrated rats and gave them, one group got testosterone, the other group got coleus, and coleus root caused them to start to have sex again as much as the testosterone. Let me add one other thing that I thought was interesting in this article, that the men who took a combination of arginine and pycnogenol also increased their semen volume, which you know some guys want to do that just sort of as a party trick sort of thing, it's just fun to have lots of semen volume, but I think the semen volume contributes to libido, just like when you need to empty your bladder when it's full, when your prostate's full of fluid, of course that's where most of the volume comes from is the prostate gland, when it's full of fluid there's I think more urge to have sex. I think that's part of the reason our O-Shot® works is it causes women to collect fluid in their Skene's glands.
Let me see I we have any more questions. I think that's ... here we go. I guess that's maybe it. We have other doctors on the call. Dr. Posey's one of our doctors, and others here. Anybody else have anything they want to say? If not I'll just shut it down, no reason to make it go on, but that's sort of our secret formula, and sometime in the next week or so we'll cover the next part of this idea, and we'll talk more about the priapus shot, then hormones, and then my ideas about walking and things such as that.
I'll put this recording, I'm typing in here where it will be, it will be at priapusshot.com/food. So that's where it will be, by in the morning we'll have the recording there. I was honored you guys came and I hope you find this helpful. Thank you very much.
erectile dysfunctionerectile dysfuntionerectionp-shotpeyronie'spriapus shotsupplements food
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How do I get permission to arrange copyright works?
Recently there have been some articles in the media that have highlighted the importance of creating new arrangements of contemporary and popular works in order to encourage and motivate students. As we all know, when students are motivated teachers and conductors are often pleasantly surprised when they discover what their student’s capabilities are. Nothing is better than seeing a student’s face light up when they are playing a tune from their favourite artist.
However, what is often forgotten or sometimes ignored, is that regardless of whether a teacher is in a school or a private studio a licence is required to make any use of a copyright work. The good news though is that the process of obtaining permission is straight forward and has never been easier. In these days of electronic communication it is as simple as contacting the print music publishers who represents the work and applying for permission.
I can hear some of you asking why?
As I am sure you will appreciate, particularly the composers and songwriters amongst you, is that print music publishers have a contractual obligation to writers to represent their rights based on what is enshrined in the Australian Copyright Act. So in other words, it is their responsibility to ensure that writers receive a reasonable return for the use of their works via a royalty. In many cases, royalties are a writers sole source of income.
The world of copyright can be a very confusing place and many of you may well have thought that the AMCOS Schools Photocopying Scheme would cover this sort of activity in a school setting. In fact, arranging of works is specifically excluded from the license. (If you would like to explore this for yourself, please go to page 7 of the 'Guide to Music Copyright for Australian Educators')
For those of you who are unsure of what print music rights mean, it encompasses these key areas in both DIGITAL and PHYSICAL formats:
creating a new arrangement
transcribing music and/or lyrics of any arrangement of a work
making copies of any arrangement or published edition
distributing or selling any arrangement or published edition
This includes the use of the music notes only (including chords, guitar tabs etc.), the music and lyrics together or the lyrics only.
While the print music publishers completely appreciate the need to motivate students and understand that the use of contemporary and popular works is an important part of that engagement, it is also important to remember that copyright works are in fact owned by someone. The popularity of making arrangements of contemporary works for students is not lost on print music publishers and is demonstrated by the large amount of popular material that is published and made available for instruments and voices.
So, even if it’s only for a one-off use or for a limited number of private students, permission must still be obtained from the print music publisher or in some cases from the Copyright owner. Having said that, a relatively new option is the facility on the Sheet Music Plus website (www.sheetmusicplus.com) called “ArrangeMe” which allows users to post arrangements of pre-approved copyright works, pay the appropriate fee for usage, and derive an ongoing income from subsequent sales of these works to other parties, globally. As you can imagine many people are arranging works and selling them for a commission and most importantly, the composers and writers are being paid.
Some general things to know about a print music licence:
Usually a print music licence allows you to create a new arrangement for a specific use. That might be your band, school orchestra, choir, community band etc as well as for teaching purposes.
Even though you may have permission and a licence, it may not permit you to sell, loan, hire or distribute that arrangement to another user.
The original copyright owner maintains all rights in the work and any arrangements created.
An arranger is not able to claim any ownership or a % share of an arrangement.
All publishers operate independently under the Australian Trade Practices Act. They set their own terms and conditions and the level of any royalty fees they may apply.
So finally, if the Sheet Music Plus ArrangeMe function does not fulfil your needs, simply find the print music publisher that represents the work you are interested in (APRA can help here at www.apra.com.au) and discuss your project with them.
Apart from looking after the rights of writers and composers, they also welcome opportunities to promote the use and exposure of the works they represent.
Robert Griffin is the Copyright Coordinator at Hal Leonard Australia Pty Ltd. For further information, he may be contacted on 03 9585 3300 ext 138 or at rgriffin@halleonard.com.au
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Craig McCracken
Writer | Producer | Director
Craig McCracken has been interested in drawing and animation since the age of three. Some of his sources of inspiration are Japanese anime, Super Friends, Pee-wee's Playhouse and Little Golden Books.... read full biography
Known for Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends (2004-2009), Wander Over Yonder (2013-2016), The Powerpuff Girls (1998-2004), The Powerpuff Girls Movie (2002)
2 official web sites & 11 more links
Won 2 Primetime Emmy Awards. Another 1 win & 14 nominations
Art Department (19)
Animation Department (13)
Art Director (7)
Sound Department (3)
Projects in Development (1 title)
(TV Series) - Writer (created by), Executive Producer Writer (created by), Executive Producer See fewer
The Powerpuff Girls: A Fan Film (2016)
(Short) - Special Thanks, Writer (based on the Cartoon Network characters created by), Writer (characters) Special Thanks, Writer (based on the Cartoon Network characters created by), Writer (characters) See fewer
Double Rainboom (2013)
The Powerpuff Girls: Who, What, Where, How, Why... Who Cares? (2009)
(Video) - Himself, Executive Producer, Special Thanks, Writer (additional writing) Himself, Executive Producer, Special Thanks, Writer (additional writing) See fewer
The Powerpuff Girls: 'Twas the Fight Before Christmas (2003)
(Video) - Executive Producer, Writer (creator), Writer (story by) Executive Producer, Writer (creator), Writer (story by) See fewer
Sugababes: Angels with Dirty Faces (2002)
(Video) - Director (uncredited) Director (uncredited) See fewer
The Powerpuff Girls Movie (2002)
Character Designer, Character Layout Artist, Storyboarded By, Character Design, Character Layout, … See more Character Designer, Character Layout Artist, Storyboarded By, Character Design, Character Layout, Director, Executive Producer, Writer (creator), Writer (story), Writer See fewer
Spike and Mike's Festival of Animation Sick & Twisted Volume 4 (1997)
(Video) - Director, Writer Director, Writer See fewer
No Neck Joe (1997)
(Short) - Director, Writer (created & written by) Director, Writer (created & written by) See fewer
Buy One, Get One Free* (1996)
(Short) - Additional Layouts, Additional Design By (uncredited) Additional Layouts, Additional Design By (uncredited) See fewer
The Big Sister (1995)
(Short) - Art Director Art Director See fewer
Dexter's Laboratory (1995)
Whoopass Stew! (1992)
(Short) - Narrator (voice), Director Narrator (voice), Director See fewer
Dogpile (1991)
(Short) - Thanks (as Craig) Thanks (as Craig) See fewer
The Powerpuff Girls (2016–2019)
(TV Series) - Writer (created by) (88 episodes, 2016) Writer (created by) (88 episodes, 2016) See fewer
The Spoon Season 3, Episode 24 - Writer (created by) Writer (created by) See fewer
Christian Frates' Cartoon Network Impressions (2017)
(TV Series) - Writer (based on characters by) (6 episodes, 2017), Writer (based on characters created by) (1 episode, 2017) Writer (based on characters by) (6 episodes, 2017), Writer (based on characters created by) (1 episode, 2017) See fewer
Mascumax (Jun 28, 2017) Season 1, Episode 8 - Writer (based on characters by) Writer (based on characters by) See fewer
Two Way Talk (2017)
(TV Series) - Special Thanks (1 episode, 2017) Special Thanks (1 episode, 2017) See fewer
Mojo Jojo and Gorilla Grodd (Apr 19, 2017) Season 1, Episode 3 - Special Thanks Special Thanks See fewer
Teen Titans Go! (2016)
(TV Series) - Creator (The PowerPuff Girls) (1 episode, 2016) Creator (The PowerPuff Girls) (1 episode, 2016) See fewer
TTG v PPG (Jun 30, 2016) Season 3, Episode 40 - Creator (The PowerPuff Girls) (uncredited) Creator (The PowerPuff Girls) (uncredited) See fewer
Wander Over Yonder (2013–2016)
(TV Series) - Executive Producer (35 episodes, 2013), Writer (story) (20 episodes, 2013), Writer (creator) (18 episodes, 2013), Writer (6 episodes, 2013), Destructor's Sock / Watchdogs (4 episodes, 2014), … See more Executive Producer (35 episodes, 2013), Writer (story) (20 episodes, 2013), Writer (creator) (18 episodes, 2013), Writer (6 episodes, 2013), Destructor's Sock / Watchdogs (4 episodes, 2014), Writer (story by) (4 episodes, 2015), Director (2 episodes, 2013), Writer (Story by) (2 episodes, 2014), Character Designer (2 episodes, 2014), Performer ("Ask Her a Queston", "You're the Greatest", "You're the Greatest (reprise)") (1 episode, 2016), Writer (Created by) (1 episode, 2014), Storyboard By (1 episode, 2013), Writer (1 episode, 2016) See fewer
The End of the Galaxy (Jun 27, 2016) Season 2, Episode 22 - Destructor's Sock (voice), Executive Producer, Writer (creator) Destructor's Sock (voice), Executive Producer, Writer (creator) See fewer
Wander Over Yonder Shorts (2015– )
(TV Series) - Writer (creator) Writer (creator) See fewer
The Powerpuff Girls: Dance Pantsed (2014)
(TV Short) - Writer (created by) Writer (created by) See fewer
(TV Series) - Character Designer ("Wonderbolts") (1 episode, 2010) Character Designer ("Wonderbolts") (1 episode, 2010) See fewer
Friendship Is Magic, Part 1 (Mare in the Moon) (Oct 10, 2010) Season 1, Episode 1 - Character Designer ("Wonderbolts") (uncredited) Character Designer ("Wonderbolts") (uncredited) See fewer
Uncle Grandpa (2010)
(TV Series) - Executive Producer (1 episode, 2010) Executive Producer (1 episode, 2010) See fewer
Pilot (May 7, 2010) Season 1, Episode 0 - Executive Producer Executive Producer See fewer
Chowder (2009)
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Pat Elflein Dalton Risner Mike Zimmer Garrett Bradbury Chris Lindstrom Mike Hughes Rick Spielman Randall McDaniel Trae Waynes Matt Kalil Holton Hill Andre Kirk Cousins Bryant McKinnie Sports NFL Draft Football Athlete injuries Athlete health NFL football Professional football
Minnesota Vikings Houston Texans Seattle Seahawks Miami Dolphins
Vikings draft NC State center Garrett Bradbury at No. 18
By DAVE CAMPBELL - Apr. 26, 2019 12:14 AM EDT
FILE - Ijn this Feb. 28, 2019, file photo, NC State offensive lineman Garrett Bradbury participates in a drill during the NFL football scouting combine in Indianapolis. Bradbury is a possible pick in the 2019 NFL Draft. (AP Photo/AJ Mast, File)
EAGAN, Minn. (AP) — After starting his career at North Carolina State as a tight end, Garrett Bradbury soon favored a move inside to the offensive line so he could be on the field as much as possible.
He started every game over his last three years for the Wolfpack, one of many factors in his selection by the Minnesota Vikings with the 18th overall pick in the NFL draft on Thursday night.
"That's something we pride ourselves in. Every offensive lineman, I think that's the best trait you can have, durability," Bradbury said.
The Vikings used their first-rounder on an offensive lineman for the first time in seven years. With the front five again their position of greatest need , the Vikings could hardly have had the board fall to them any better. Alabama tackle Jonah Williams, who could wind up as a guard in the NFL, was the first blocker off the board at No. 11 to Cincinnati. Boston College guard Chris Lindstrom went to Atlanta at No. 14.
Then the Vikings had their pick of the rest. With the 6-foot-3, 306-pound Bradbury , the Vikings got a natural fit with the inside zone-blocking scheme they'll be using to try to generate more of a running game and keep the pressure off quarterback Kirk Cousins.
Bradbury ran the 40-yard dash in 4.92 seconds at the scouting combine, the third-fastest time among all offensive linemen. He finished the three-cone drill in 7.41 seconds, the fastest of his position group. The endorsement of new offensive adviser Gary Kubiak carried plenty of weight in the room. So did the impression of defensive line coach Andre Patterson from his evaluation of prospects on the other side, when he walked in coach Mike Zimmer's office one day.
"He said, 'Who's this center from NC State? This guy is a really good football player,'" Zimmer said. "And so that even intrigued me more."
Pat Elflein, who has been the starting center since being Minnesota's third-round draft pick in 2017, becomes a strong candidate to move to guard, his primary college position. Both general manager Rick Spielman and coach Mike Zimmer stopped short of assigning a position to Bradbury, who was the starting left guard for the Wolfpack as a sophomore before moving to the middle.
"We're just trying to get the best football players in here," Spielman said.
The Vikings did not go with another cornerback. Spielman even joked this week at his pre-draft news conference that his wife told him not to come home if the Vikings were to use that precious first-rounder on another player at the head coach's favorite position, where Zimmer has helped develop several draft picks into standouts over the last five seasons. This preference became a punch line for fans last year, as the Vikings frequently struggled up front.
Now they have an Associated Press All-American and the winner of the Rimington Trophy, awarded to the nation's best center.
"The one thing I know is that he doesn't play corner, so I can go home tonight," Spielman said.
Quipped Zimmer, smiling: "I was trying to get one."
Last year, the Vikings passed on a deep class of interior offensive linemen to take cornerback Mike Hughes out of Central Florida with the 30th overall pick. Hughes showed plenty of promise , returning an interception for a touchdown in his NFL debut, but he tore the ACL in his left knee six games into his rookie season.
With Hughes coming off his injury, Holton Hill suspended for the first four games this year and Trae Waynes entering the final season of his contract, cornerback wouldn't have been an indulgent selection. But the need up front, after a so-so first season under Cousins, was too glaring to ignore.
The only other time in the 13 drafts the Vikings have had with Spielman that they made an offensive lineman their first pick was 2012, when tackle Matt Kalil went to them at No. 4 overall. He made the Pro Bowl as a rookie, but his five-year tenure with the team was mixed at best. That was the first draft with Spielman as the final decision-maker. When he was vice president of player personnel before his promotion, Spielman shared authority with the head coach.
The Vikings have only used a first-round selection on an offensive lineman three times in the past 30 years: Kalil, Bryant McKinnie (2002) and Todd Steussie (1994). They were each picked for at least one Pro Bowl. Two of the three others taken in the first round in Vikings history, Randall McDaniel (1988) and Ron Yary (1968), are Pro Football Hall of Fame members.
With 50th overall pick in the second round on Friday night, the Vikings could get another starting-caliber offensive lineman. Florida tackle Jawaan Taylor and Oklahoma tackle Cody Ford, both widely expected to be first-rounders, remained available. So did Kansas State tackle Dalton Risner, who could wind up as a guard.
More AP NFL coverage: https://apnews.com/NFL and https://twitter.com/AP_NFL
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Xander Berkeley as Colonel Foster
by wanderingnettle · 21st April 2018
Jonathan Foster, the charismatic leader of the Spearhead facility searching for a cure to the plague, is played by Xander Berkeley, another alumnus of Nikita.
Alexander Harper Berkeley is an American actor. He is known for his television roles of George Mason on the political thriller series 24, Percy Rose on the action thriller series Nikita and Sheriff Thomas McAllister on the crime drama The Mentalist. He currently plays Gregory in AMC’s The Walking Dead.
In 2010, he received one of his best known roles – that of Percy Rose in the CW action-thriller series Nikita. He portrayed the character as a series regular in the show’s first two seasons as well as being the series’ de facto main antagonist of its first two seasons. Berkeley was Sheriff Thomas “Red John” McAllister on The Mentalist.
Berkeley portrays Gregory on AMC’s The Walking Dead, originally in a guest role in season 6, but was promoted as a series regular for season 7.
biography source: wikipedia
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Cassie Lee Hall ~ Woman of Faith
December 30, 2010 at 1:27 am (Hall Family, Lee Family, Uncategorized)
Tags: Allen Hall, Amanda Hall, Cassie Lee Hall, Cauley Hall, Edmund P. Hall, Georgia Hall, Henry Hall, James Lee, Jesse Lee, John Henry Lee, John Lee, John Levi Lee, John Lewis Hall, Lawrence Cauley Hall, Levina Smith Lee, Molcie Hall, Phoebia Hall, Ray City GA, Ray's Mill, Ray's Mill GA, Robert Hall, Strickland & Roberts, Vina Hall
Cassie Lee, a daughter of James Lee and Levina Smith Lee, was born May 1857. She appears in the Census of 1860 with her parents, living in Berrien County, GA where her father owned a farm near Empire Primitive Baptist Church. Her grandfather, John Levi Lee (1804-1884), owned the farm next door.
During the Civil War, Cassie’s father, James Lee, and her uncles, Jesse Lee and John Lee, all enlisted for Confederate service. The three brothers all served in Company “E”, 54th Georgia Infantry Regiment. James Lee served throughout the war until surrender, was paroled at Thomasville, May 25, 1865, and returned to his Berrien County, GA farm.
About 1869, Cassie Lee joined the Primitive Baptist Church to which she remained faithful all of her life.
In 1870, 13-year-old Cassie Lee was enumerated in her parents’ household in the 1144th Georgia Militia District, the Ray’s Mill district. Her father continued to farm, and Cassie’s little brother, John H. Lee, assisted with farm labor. Both Cassie and John H. attended school that year.
On Christmas Eve 1873, at the age of 16 Cassie Lee married John Lewis Hall in Berrien County, Ga. He was 15 years old, a son of Edmund Patrick Hall and Rebecca Hall. The newlyweds became parents some eight months after taking their vows, with the birth of their first son, Henry Hall, in August 1874. The couple had land given by the groom’s father, Edmond P. Hall. John L. Hall received land in the 10th district lot 448, Lowndes County, Ga.. John worked as a farmer and a blacksmith.
That year, 1874, Cassie’s parents, James and Lavina Lee, relocated to the south and were among the first families to settle in Lake County, FL homesteading on what is now Monte Vista Road in Clermont, FL.
Over the next 15 years, the family of John and Cassie Hall continued to grow. In August, 1876 Cassie gave birth to a daughter, Vina Hall. A son, Robert, was born in November 1880. In 1882, Cassie delivered another girl, Amanda. Two sons followed: Lawrence Cauley Hall on February 20, 1884 and Allen Hall in June 1885.
The following years must have been hard times for the Halls for on March 7, 1889 John L. Hall borrowed against the land he had received from his father in district 10 lot-448, taking out a mortgage on 40 acres with Strickland & Roberts. Still, John Hall’s family grew. In May 1890, Cassie gave birth to their third daughter, Molcie. The Halls also adopted a son, Pasco Olandro Hall, born June 30, 1890 in Rays Mill, Ga.
In the 1890’s, Cassie Hall’s name began appearing in the membership rolls of Old Union Baptist Church (Lanier County), although there is no record of her reception into that church.
On June 19, 1891 John L. Hall again borrowed from Strickland & Roberts against 200 acres he held in District 6 Lot 503. At some point he also mortgaged 20 acres in District 10 lot 473.
Two daughters rounded out the family, Phoebia, born September 1895, and Georgia, born September 1896.
Children of John Lewis Hall and Cassie Lee
Henry Hall born AUG 1874 in GA, Berrien Co.
Vinie Ellen Hall born ABT 1876 in GA, Berrien County, married William Thomas Gaskins
Robert Hall born NOV 1880 in GA, Berrien Co.
Amanda H. Hall born MAY 1882 in GA, Berrien Co., near Ray City
Lawrence Cauley Hall b: 20 FEB 1884 in GA, Berrien Co., Ray City
Allen L. Hall born JUN 1885 in GA, Berrien Co., Ray City
Molcie Hall born MAY 1890 in GA, Berrien Co., area
Pasco Olandro Hall born 30 JUN 1893 in GA, Berrien Co., near Ray City
Phoebe Hall born SEP 1892
Georgia Hall born 16 SEP 1894 in GA, Berrien co
July 12, 1913 Cassie Hall was dismissed by letter from Old Union Primitive Baptist Church of Lanier County, Georgia. It is known that she attended New Ramah Church at Ray City after that time.
After 45 years of marriage, Cassie’s husband John Lewis Hall died Aug 7 1918 at the age of 60 in Berrien County, GA. The 1920 census shows Cassie Lee Hall a 69 year old widow living alone. She owned a home, mortgage free, on North Street in Ray City, Ga. While at her age and with her family all gone away Cassie Lee Hall had no occupation, the early 1920’s were a boom time in Ray City with plenty of employment provided by the Clements sawmill. Her next door neighbor, George B. Norton, was a planing mill superintendent, and most of her other neighbors on North Street were also employed by the sawmill in one capacity or another.
Cassie Lee Hall lived on to be 94 years of age, having lived all of her life in Berrien County. She died in Ray City on Sunday December 10, 1944. Her obituary, published in the Nashville Herald read as follows:
1944 – GA, Berrien Co., Dec 14,
Mrs. Cassie Lee Hall Passes, At Ray City.
Mrs. Cassie Lee Hall, 94, died at the home of her daughter Mrs. B. R. Tomlinson of Ray City, on Sunday morning at 9: o’clock after three months illness due to old age. Mrs Hall was born and reared in this county having lived here all her life.
Sixty years ago she was married to John L. Hall who preceded her in death several years ago. For seventy five years she has been a faithful and devout member of the Primitive Baptist church. Through her long life she had endeared herself to many friends. A mixed choir sang “Old Rugged Cross,” Unclouded Day,” and other selections from the Primitive hymn book. Six grandsons served as pall-bearers. The Giddens Funeral Home of Nashville, had charge of arrangements.
Survivors include ten children, H. Hall of Valdosta, Mrs. W.D. Gaskins, Mrs. J.G. Gaskin, Mrs. B.R. Tomlinson, L.C. Hall of Ray City, Robert Hall of Perry FL. and Mrs D.M. Hutchinson of Tampa FL. 25 Gandchildren, 27 Great Grandchildren, and 1 GG Grandchild.
Cassie Lee Hall
Lawrence Cauley Hall Tripped Slabs at Ray City, GA
William A. Knight Giddens marries Mary Hall
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The Salisbury Zoo, located in Salisbury, Maryland, was founded in 1954 when some animals were placed on permanent exhibition in the City Park. The Zoo’s present form resulted from improvements made in the 1970s. The Zoo now provides naturalistic enclosures for species native to North, Central and South America. The Salisbury Zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos & Aquariums. The Zoo’s policy is maintained by the Salisbury Zoo Commission, Inc. whose nine members are appointed by the Salisbury City Council. The Zoo is funded in-part by the Salisbury Zoo Commission and by the City of Salisbury.
The Salisbury Zoo’s paved pathways and ramped board walks make the Zoo very accessible. Restrooms are equipped with changing tables and are ADA compliant.
The Salisbury Zoological Park is committed to enhancing our quality of life by providing a friendly, relaxing environment where educational and recreational opportunities come together through participation and interaction.
With its animals, staff, volunteers, and park-like setting, the Zoo encourages appreciation of wildlife and inspires conservation of our natural world.
In all of its endeavors, the Salisbury Zoo will:
Embrace a commitment to positive change, planned growth, increased accessibility;
Foster the desire for sustainable wildlife conservation;
Be a relevant, responsive, and trusted partner enjoying the full support of all of its stakeholders
Exceptional Animal Care– We maintain the highest standards in our responsibilities with our animals and the resources that we use.
Respect– In all or our interactions with our visitors, volunteers, and employees we will be committed to the highest principles of mutual respect.
Integrity– We value the trust of our community and operate in an honest, reliable, and conscientious manner.
Accountability– We will be responsible and transparent to all of our stakeholders. We hold ourselves accountable in all that we do from caring for animals to providing our customers with a valuable experience. We strive to maintain our accreditation by the Association of Zoos & Aquariums.
Community Asset– We are a recreational, educational, and economic development asset to our community.
Stewardship– We maintain the highest standards in our responsibilities with resources that we use.
Accessible Experience– We are accessible to all members of the community.
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Kerry Washington: ‘Scandal’ deals in truth, nuance
October 26, 2015 October 26, 2015 • ScandalFix
HOLLYWOOD — Kerry Washington rolls up in jeans and flats. They’re designer flats, but this is off-duty mom mode, at least until the Scandal star emerges from her trailer a bit later in a chic patterned crop top, high-waisted skirt, glittery heels and violet lips.
It’s fair to say Olivia Pope, the fictional Washington fixer the actress has steered to two Emmy nominations, has a different take on workwear.
Just sneak into Olivia Pope’s closet. “It’s nuts,” Washington says on the set, having unlocked the door to her character’s massive wardrobe. Look around the giant space and see overflowing racks of luxe clothing in muted tones: rows of dove-grey and powder-blue cashmere sweaters, counters holding cream and shell-pink Prada bags and stacks of boxed Manolo Blahnik heels.
“The other day I had this really beautiful brown suit on and everybody was like, ‘Whoa, we haven’t seen brown in awhile!’ she says. “I was like, ‘I know, I think not since Season 2.’ ”
Clothes say a lot, especially on Scandal. “For a couple of seasons things got very black and white in her world, and I think there’s a little bit of nuance back into her world and into her ideology,” Washington says.
“Nuance” is another way of saying that in Season 5, Olivia and President Fitzgerald Grant (Tony Goldwyn) have finally bitten the bullet and gone public with their illicit relationship. So far this season, Fitz has demanded a divorce from the first lady (Bellamy Young); Congress has begun screaming for an impeachment; and Olivia is now known as “America’s Mistress,” subjected to slut-shaming and a media storm.
Washington has no idea where any of this is going. She (and the rest of the cast) finds out Scandal’s plot “episode to episode,” she says. “There are times when we have a table read on the day that we’re starting a new episode and you have to memorize it immediately.”
Here’s creator Shonda Rhimes’ version of how that goes down:
“My contract with the actors is, I will present you with the script, you will say every word in the script,” she says. “I will never tell you how to say the word or what the intention is under the scene or what we need.
“And then the beauty of it is then I get to go into the editing room and watch the scene sort of come out on the other side of the soundstage, as I say, and see what the actors did with it. And then I run upstairs to the writers room, and I go ‘Oh my God, you all … they’re playing it this way! And it’s wonderful.”
The writers have been toying with Olivia and Fitz for years. In Season 3, the president dangled a secret hideaway in Vermont where they could fade from the public eye after his term.
But much has changed.
“What’s true on our show is what’s true in life,” Washington says. “That once you commit to a relationship, that’s the beginning, not the end. And so it is an entirely new beginning for Fitz and Olivia to exist in a way they’ve never existed before.”
Kerry 2.0
Pre-Scandal, Washington was famous, but nothing like now. She had juicy roles in movies such as Mr. & Mrs. Smith, Ray and The Last King of Scotland, had swung byBoston Legal and made the requisite stop on Law & Order. Washington’s also been a fashion favorite for years, but now?
She’s a superstar.
Goldwyn says he has watched her humility and marveled. Most in her position, he says, “become a little crazy,” succumbing to the trappings of their fame and importance.
Not so with Washington, whose film career continued to rise with 2012’s Django Unchained.
She is active in charitable endeavors, was appointed to the President’s Committee on the Arts and partnered with Allstate Foundation’s Purple Purse initiative, which raises money and awareness for financial literacy for victims of domestic violence.
“The No. 1 reason women stay in abusive relationships is because they don’t have the wherewithal to take care of themselves financially,” she says. “So Allstate Foundation has put together an entire curriculum to help women be self-supporting – because it’s not only the reason they stay, but it’s also the No. 1 reason people go back.”
Goldwyn says “there’s almost no one I know like Kerry. Maybe Tom Hanks. That’s the only other person I knew before he was super-famous who became a mega icon superstar who’s as normal as he ever was.”
How has life changed for Scandal’s stars?
“People have houses they didn’t have, and cars they didn’t have,” Washington says. “I have a husband, I have a child. We’ve all changed so much in the last five years. We’ve really grown up together.” (She married former NFL cornerback Nnamdi Asomugha in a hush-hush ceremony in June 2013. Ten months later, they welcomed a daughter, Isabelle.)
Kids are welcome at work. On the sets of both Scandal and the Rhimes-produced How to Get Away With Murder, for instance, “Kerry and Viola (Davis) were building playrooms so that you can have your children around,” says Rhimes, who lobbied for daycare centers for her shows but was turned down, she says, because of insurance concerns.
Still, “the culture in my office is, bring your baby to work. Breast-feed in the writer’s room. We don’t care,” Rhimes says.
During last summer’s Scandal break, Washington kept working, playing Anita Hill in the HBO film Confirmation. It’s not an Anita Hill film, she says. “It is a movie about the hearings” for Clarence Thomas’s confirmation as justice, beginning “the day Thurgood Marshall resigns” as his predecessor.
Washington worked through the summer with purpose; it meant a lot to her to tell this story.
“I really took the last two hiatuses to experience the expansion of my life. I got married and went on my honeymoon two years ago, and then last (year) I basically was on maternity leave because my daughter really timed herself perfectly for our hiatus.” Washington laughs. “And so this hiatus it was time for me to do a movie.”
Even Olivia Pope can’t have it all
Olivia Pope hasn’t even gotten around to contemplating motherhood yet. The political pro is still grappling with whether or not she can have Fitz and her career, let alone a child.
And even a dynamo like Pope contends with racism. On the Oct.15 episode, dog-whistle politics took center stage, with Scandal‘s TV pundits deploying coded racial language to call “the president’s girlfriend” “well-spoken” (the unspoken inference: “for a black woman”), “sassy” and a woman who (despite an extremely expensive international education) “pulled herself up by her bootstraps.”
Rhimes said she and Washington didn’t speak about exposing Olivia to baked-in racism before shooting. “Both of us understand what dog-whistle politics are,” she says. “Both of us have been in that situation. Both of us are black women. Both of us know exactly what that feels like.”
This year, Washington was in the audience when Viola Davis made history as the first black woman to win the best-actress Emmy. “The only thing that separates women of color from anyone else is opportunity,” Davis said in accepting the award. Cameras cut to Washington, who had tears in her eyes.
Today, Washington says she can’t believe her “insane luck” to have opted for television during its “golden age” of quality and inclusivity. Sure, “it’s not perfect,” she says. “I love that line when (Emmys host) Andy (Samberg) was like, ‘Racism is over! (Dramatic beat) Don’t fact-check that.’ it was one of my favorite lines of the night.”
The end of Scandal?
Where does Scandal go from here? The soapy drama’s ratings have dipped 9% in Season 5, but it’s still a top drama, especially among young adults..
“Shonda has said publicly that she sees the end to the show. This is not a show that’s supposed to be around for 20 years,” says Washington. “In the life of a show when you get to season five you know, you’re not the new show anymore.”
How soon could the end come calling? Washington’s contract is likely up as early as May 2017. But Rhimes’s Grey’s Anatomy is still plugging along in its 12th season.
“There’s a plan in place,” Rhimes says. “I know where the show ends and I know where all of our seasons end. The road map to getting there becomes interesting after that.”
Just don’t worry about Olivia. If anyone, Fitz is the one who “needs to be saved in the middle of the movie,” Rhimes says.
And Pope? She’s in one long trust-fall with Rhimes and what Washington calls their “fearless and brilliant” writers.
“From Day One of choosing to do this show, a lot of my work has been in trusting this journey,” Washington says. “I’m constantly closing my eyes and falling backward into our writers. And they’re back there ready to hold us up all the time.”
Source: Kerry Washington: ‘Scandal’ deals in truth, nuance
Posted in **Media, **Press, *Cast, Kerry Washington, PhotosBookmark the permalink.
Promotional Photos from #Scandal 506 “Get Out of Jail, Free”
Don’t Let Scandal’s Joshua Malina Get His Hands on Your Phone: The actor talks pranks and sparring on Twitter – By Jason Lynch
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To Publish or Not to Publish
Donald Kennedy
Science 08 Mar 2002:
Every once in a while, we at Science receive a paper that causes us to exercise particular care in handling, because it may be controversial or because it is important--or both. The paper by Taleyarkhan et al. on p. 1868 of this issue is a case in point. It qualified for careful, responsible treatment on both counts. And its history with us has exposed some of the more unusual challenges that can arise in the publication process. The paper reports experiments in which sonoluminescence is induced in solutions of deuterated acetone subjected to sound waves and neutron irradiation. These conditions cause bubbles to grow and then implode, locally generating high pressures and temperatures and the emission of sonoluminescent light. The authors present evidence for the production of tritium in the solution, and for neutron emission coincident with the light emission. They cautiously interpret these observations as evidence that deuterium-deuterium fusion occurred in the imploding bubbles. That prospect naturally encouraged us to treat the paper with care.
After the external review process had been completed, we scheduled the paper for publication. Then we were contacted by senior science managers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), who said that certain reservations had developed about the findings and their interpretation. In a series of telephone and e-mail contacts, they urged that we delay the scheduled publication of the paper. The authors participated in a series of meetings to discuss objections raised by the ORNL managers, including some findings made by a second group of scientists who had been asked to perform additional tests, using the same apparatus but a different detector. After some negotiation, a compromise was reached in which the authors responded to criticisms and subsequently made some modifications in the text to accommodate them. They also agreed to cite a short non-peer-reviewed communication in which the second group present measurements that disagree in some respects with theirs, along with their own response to it.
While these agreements were being reached, Science received communications from two distinguished scientists in this field, raising objections to the paper and urging that we reconsider our plans to publish it. And the matter became even more public on 1 March when Robert Park issued an airy, premature dismissal from the American Physical Society. By this time, it had become clear that a number of people didn't want us to publish this paper.
I have been asked, “Why are you going forward with a paper attached to so much controversy?” Well, that's what we do; our mission is to put interesting, potentially important science into public view after ensuring its quality as best as we possibly can. After that, efforts at repetition and reinterpretation can take place out in the open. That's where it belongs, not in an alternative universe in which anonymity prevails, rumor leaks out, and facts stay inside. It goes without saying that we cannot publish papers with a guarantee that every result is right. We're not that smart. That is why we are prepared for occasional disappointment when our internal judgments and our processes of external review turn out to be wrong, and a provocative result is not fully confirmed. What we ARE very sure of is that publication is the right option, even--and perhaps especially--when there is some controversy.
A reporter also asked me whether this was the only time pressure has been put on Science not to publish a paper. Although this case is exceptional, it is not unique; we have been there before. The motivations for urging us not to publish have varied from one case to another. Often they rest on serious legitimate scientific differences of opinion, although sometimes that is not so clear. In this instance, we see no good reason for abandoning our plans to publish the paper, and we can see no merit whatsoever in the efforts to discredit it in advance. Both the premature critics and those who believe in the result would do well to wait for the scientific process to do its work.
You are going to email the following To Publish or Not to Publish
By Donald Kennedy
Science 08 Mar 2002 : 1793
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Tomatin unveils travel retail exclusives
12 September 2016 by Melita Kiely
Highland distillery Tomatin is launching a trio of travel retail exclusive Scotch whiskies, to join its existing 12-year-old single malt expression.
Exclusive offering: Tomatin is making a foray into travel retail with 15- and 40-year-old whiskies
Due to launch in airports across Europe over the next few months, the three duty free exclusives will comprise an eight-year-old, a 15-year-old and a 40-year-old ‘rare’ vintage.
Tomatin 8 Year Old has been aged in both Bourbon and Sherry casks before being bottled at 40% abv. It will be priced at €35 per one-litre bottle.
The 15-year-old single malt has been matured in North American oak casks and bottled at a slightly higher strength of 46%. It will cost €55 per 700ml.
Finally, Tomatin 40 Year Old has been aged in oloroso Sherry casks, bottled at 43% abv and priced at €1,250 per 700ml.
The range will also be joined by the release of a one-litre bottle of Standard Edition Cù Bòcan – the distillery’s only peated whisky, first released in 2013 and aged in virgin oak, Bourbon and Sherry casks. It carries an abv of 46% and will cost around €49.95.
Stephen Bremner, sales director, said: ‘We have been working on a strategy to establish our presence in the travel retail market for some time now in response to growing demand for Tomatin single malt on a global level.
‘While the majority of Scotch brands have elected to present no-age-statement duty free ranges, our collection of age statement whiskies provides a point of difference.
‘This is a priority market for us as it provides an introduction to Tomatin for thousands of globe-trotters, so we wanted to create a range that caters for all tastes and budgets, whether you’re a whisky novice or a high-end collector.’
Tomatin – owned by Takara Shuzo Company – revealed a brand redesign of its core range in December 2015 as the ‘final piece of the puzzle’ in revamping its identity.
Earlier this year, just 252 bottles of a 44-year-old single malt Scotch were released globally – the first in the distillery’s new Warehouse 6 Collection.
Age statements: Tomatin will release an exclusive eight-year-old and its 12-year-old in travel retail
New Whiskies 19 August 2016
A quartet of revamped Dalmores, Kilkerran goes to secondary school and Cù Bòcan re-emerges.
New Whiskies 13 October 2017
Tasting three Glen Morays, Tomatin Earth, Cù Bòcan 2006 and Ardnamurchan’s latest spirit release.
New Whiskies 01 July 2016
A trio of 17-year-olds from Benriach, Tomatin and Tormore, plus Cù Bòcan and a 1970s Benromach.
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Texas Hippie Coalition – Band of Outlaws
Posted on July 24, 2012 by Richard Rosenthal
“We’re the band of outlaws…call us THC.” So begins the first song on Texas Hippie Coalitions’s latest album, Peacemaker. An intriguing blend of Southern rock and screaming metal, THC is led by Big Dad Ritch, an imposing, tattooed hulk of a man who looks like a menacing cross between a football lineman and a member of an outlaw motorcycle gang. In speaking with him, however, the image is deceiving: Ritch is polite, articulate, thoughtful….the prototypical Southern gentleman, if you will. Texas Hippie Coalition may be unfamiliar to most, but get ready–Peacemaker is the rare type of album that will hook you from the first listen. It’s the kind of album that you want to turn up for two reasons: One, it’s so damn good is has to be played loud, and two, with music this aggressive, ain’t it fun to piss the neighbors off?
Ritch began THC with a very specific goal in mind. “A lot of bands, I’m sure, begin by just jamming with other musicians,” he says with a casual Southern drawl. “This band here, I really knew exactly what I wanted to do. I knew how I wanted to market the band, how I wanted to promote the band, and where I wanted to be at musically. So this band really formed at a business table rather than a jam room. I actually contacted some of the best musicians I knew around our little area here, we call it the Red River Valley. It’s right on the border between Texas and Oklahoma, and we jump back and forth depending on which state is chasing us from time to time.” Ritch makes that remark with a straight face, leading one to believe that while he’s polite and respectful, he’s the kind of guy you don’t want to piss off; getting on his bad side could definitely be hazardous to your health. “When I was young, my dad could hand me an album by Van Halen, or Bad Company, or Nazareth, and there was a lot of good stuff like that. It seems like that was lacking at the time I put this band together. It’s almost like Bruce Wayne looking down on Gotham City and saying ‘My God, this place needs something,’ and what it needed was a Batman. I’m not saying that I’m trying to put on a mask and be a hero for music, but I definitely wanted to leave behind something for this generation, I wanted them to have something to sink their teeth into like I did. Like Lynyrd Skynyrd, like ZZ Top, like Bad Company. I actually thought we might never make it out of this little Podunk town in Texas, but it seemed like the rest of the world had an appetite, a hunger for this kind of music with this kind of attitude.”
And so, THC was began. The current lineup consists of Ritch on vocals, Randy Cooper and Wes Wallace on guitars, John Exall on bass and Timmy Braun on drums. However, just as the new album was being completed, the band was dealt a serious blow when Cooper developed a medical issue that will leave him unable to play guitar for close to a year. “Randy has two cysts underneath his arm, and they’ve wrapped around his tendons, and he can only play guitar for about five to fifteen minutes because of the pain. We’re not gonna leave our brother behind. We’ve got a lot of great, fantastic guitar players out there who have offered their services to this band, but we can’t promise something that belongs to someone else, and that spot belongs to Randy. So, we’re going to continue as a four-piece. We were hoping that Randy was going to be better and be able to go on tour with us, but it’s not going to happen. We went ahead and did the video [to the first single Turn It Up] with Randy.” In looking at the band’s website and Facebook page, all the promotional photos for Peacemaker have been done without Cooper, leading to concern and criticism among some of the fans. Ritch explains why that was necessary. “I feel like if we promoted the band as a five-piece and then go on tour as a four-piece, some people would think ‘false advertising.’ We might even have legal issues with promoters. Randy will have to have surgery and a long recovery period, and we’re hoping to have him back by the beginning of next year. It’s a hard subject…it’s a tough subject for us, because we’re all family.”
The album was produced by Bob Marlette, a hard-rock specialist who has produced records by such noted artists as Alice Cooper, Seether, Sebastian Bach and Filter. Asked what it was like to work with a producer with that kind of reputation, Ritch pauses for a second, and utters a single word. “Amazing.” He continues, “When you work with someone like that, you wish that you yourself were more talented. We would write a song on acoustic guitar and bring it to him, and I would tell him ‘I don’t know if this is going to the right place I want it to go.’ And he would say ‘This song is going to get there, just work with me.’ Bob’s canvas is a very large canvas. And he’s got a lot of paint in there. And when he gets to paintin’, he already knows what the picture is going to look like. A lot of us, we see the blank canvas, and we’re trying to figure out where we’re going. Bob already knows when he starts that song, he already has the complete vision. It was hard trusting him in the beginning of our relationship, but as it grew, I was like ‘Oh man, this guy’s a genius.’ When it comes to music, he’s just super-talented.”
One of the standout songs on the album is 8 Seconds, which is written from the perspective of a rodeo bull. “We go to a lot of rodeos down here in Tex-Oma land. I have a lot of respect for the cowboys, but I always thought ‘What if I was a bull?’ We started writing that song, and I thought that I should write it from the bull’s perspective. When I got done with that song I was so happy with it, because even though it’s from the bull’s perspective, it’s kind of where I’m at in my feelings and emotions. If I was an old red bull, I’d knock that cowboy right out of his boots, I guarantee that. Nobody be ridin’ me for eight seconds!”
Another unique tune is Paw Paw Hill. It starts out with a lazy fingerpicking acoustic guitar, lulling you into thinking it’s going to be a mellow change of pace, when suddenly the band explodes in a musical sonic boom. Based on a true story from his childhood, Ritch explains. “We had family in the backwoods of Oklahoma that we would go and visit, and there was a tree line you weren’t supposed to go past, and if you did, you would get in trouble. Growin’ up, they would tell you ‘There’s a Sasquatch in them woods, there’s a monster in them woods’, and you would think the most horrible things. The actual threat was not that there was anything bad in the woods–that’s where Grandpa’s moonshine was being brewed! So when I told that story to Wes–me and him wrote that song–he told me what he was thinking, and I told him he was spot on.”
Ritch is on a roll now, so it seems a good time to ask him a question about the band’s name. Is it just by happenstance that the initials of Texas Hippie Coalition spell out THC? “Purely coincidental,” he says straight-faced, until he can no longer contain himself, and lets out a great belly laugh. “We’re very proud to be from the great state of Texas, known as God’s Country. Both the U.S. flag and ours are red, white and blue. The ‘Hippie’ is actually a dedication to my parents. They were two very young teenagers when I was born, and I grew up with that laid-back, hippie-type atmosphere. The ‘Coalition’ is to bring in the family. We want the fans to be a part of what we are. If you ever come to a Coalition show, you’ll see our fans showing up with plates and plates of food. We have a big ‘ol gigantic eat ‘n greet, and we don’t charge anybody, all you’ve got to do is bring a plate of food. It’s just an awesome thing to have fans like this. They’re more than fans, they’re family members . As a matter of fact, we played this bar not too long ago and this cowboy came up to me and said ‘There are college kids in here. There are hippies in here. There are cowboys in here. There are one-percenters in here. There are everyday people in here. And there ain’t been one fight all night. Everyone’s having such a good time partying, how you got all these people to follow you, I’ll never know.’ And I told him, it’s because I named my band ‘Coalition.’ It’s not for one group of people, it’s for us all.”
Ritch has been gracious with his time, but it’s a warm Friday summer evening in Texas, and he no doubt has places to go and people to see. Asked if he would like to say anything in closing, with a twinkle in his eye he replies “Everybody test positive for THC.”
www.thcoutlaw.com
www.facebook.com/texashippiecoalition
www.myspace.com/texashippiecoalition
Texas Hippie Coalition Premieres Video for Raucous Single “Turn It Up”
Texas Hippy Coalition – Peacemaker
The Best Band You’ve Never Heard Of.
Estrella’s Debut Album Produced By Ex Band Member Of Ozzy Osbourne And Uriah Heep
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Album review: Marco Mendoza “Viva La Rock”
Posted on February 13, 2018 by roppongirocks
Marco Mendoza in Tokyo in 2017. Photo: Stefan Nilsson, Roppongi Rocks
Marco Mendoza celebrates life and rock’n’roll on new solo album, “Viva La Rock”.
Marco Mendoza is mainly known as a bass man with The Dead Daisies, Whitesnake, Thin Lizzy, Black Star Riders, Ted Nugent, Bill Ward, Blue Murder, Lynch Mob, Soul SirkUS and many more artists. But he is so much more than that. He’s actually a fully-fledged entertainer. On his new solo album we get to hear him sing, play and shine.
Marco Mendoza and Stefan Nilsson of Roppongi Rocks in Tokyo in July 2017.
Mendoza’s personality shines through on this album. This is him. It’s a funky rock album with influences from all over the place, but it is always built around Marco Mendoza. He is not only a talented musician and singer covering multiple genres, Mendoza has an ebullient personality. He is a larger than life type of guy so full of energy he can’t sit still.
He’s a hard working artist that never stops. During a short breather from The Dead Daisies’ busy schedule he has found time for making a solo album and to do some solo gigs.
Marco Mendoza in Tokyo. Photo: Stefan Nilsson, Roppongi Rocks
The album is loaded with great party music. It is a very personal album which is mainly filled with new music. We do, however, get a couple of nods to Mendoza’s past: Thin Lizzy’s ”Chinatown”, a phenomenal song, gets revisited here in a fab version with Richard Fortus (ex-Guns N’ Roses, The Dead Daisies) and Mike Tramp (ex-White Lion) guesting. We also get a good version of Ted Nugent’s “Hey Baby”.
The original material on the album comes with a funky attitude but in many different formats. “Leah” is an emotional love ballad while “Let It Flow” is a cracker of a song, perhaps the album’s best. “Love 2 U” is a funky, bombastic track about making love and “Rocketman” is a very catchy rock song. The title track “Viva La Rock” says it all about this artist and his album: It’s a celebration and the party is enjoyable. The album was recorded in Copenhagen, Denmark with Soren Andersen from Glenn Hughes’ solo band.
I love this album. It is such a Marco Mendoza album. It’s a terrific showcase of this high-class entertainer. Marco Mendoza’s album “Viva La Rock” will be out on 2nd March via Ward Records in Japan and internationally via Mighty Music. In February and March, Mendoza will do a solo tour in Europe before he will hit the road with The Dead Daisies again.
www.facebook.com/marcomendozaofficial
www.marcomendoza.com
1 thought on “Album review: Marco Mendoza “Viva La Rock””
Pingback: Interview: Marco Mendoza | Returning to Tokyo with “Viva La Rock” shows in May | Roppongi Rocks
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