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Helping Our Peninsula's Environment
2008 Board of Trustees
Vienna Merritt-Moore
Ed Leeper
Holly Keifer
Dena Ibrahim
Terrence Zito
Darby Worth
David Dilworth
Science Advisors
Dr. Susan Kegley, Ph.D. - Chemistry
Dr. Herman Medwin, Ph.D. - Acoustics (Deceased January 2006)
Dr. Arthur Partridge, Ph.D. - Forest Ecology
Terrence Zito, Pacific Grove
Former Pacific Grove Councilman. Co-founder of Pacific Grove Neighbors. Lead Pacific Grove Council to create the Ordinance to stop "Fast Food" businesses in town in 1994. Special education teacher. Lead effort to create Pacific Grove's Historic Preservation law.
Darby Worth, Carmel Valley
Outspoken activist for human and environmental rights. Leading the anti-"corporate personhood" camapign in Monterey County. Leading member of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom & retired Carmel middle school teacher.
Ed Leeper, Monterey
Political artist, former Monterey Planning Commissioner, and President of Save Our Peninsula Committee Ed helped win 30 election campaigns (out of 41) and uncountable environmental and public participation issues. Halted the presence of tanks in Monterey's 4th of July parades by lying down in front of one.
David Dilworth, Carmel
"Never met a tree I didn't like."
Founder, and now Executive Director, of Helping Our Peninsula's Environment. Common Cause Chair Monterey & Santa Cruz Counties 1986-1996. Played an instrumental role in hundreds of environmental and public participation successes. Lead successful efforts to protect tens of thousands of Monterey pines and several vital imperiled ecosystems from Pebble Beach Co/Clint Eastwood "Chainsaw Massacre" 1992-2006, and stop aerial spraying of Monterey Peninsula with untested secret pesticides (2007-2008). Environmental impact consultant, author / compiler of the world's largest database on quantified environmental impacts, high performance vehicle designer, and computer scientist. Environmental and public participation law scholar and instructor, endangered species naturalist, forest ecologist, environmental protection advocate and retired software publisher. Dilworth was elected chair of the Carmel River Advisory Committee for the Water Management District in 2004.
Robert Campbell, Carmel (deceased Fall 2000)
Flamboyant, eloquent, loved and acclaimed writer of screenplays (Academy Award nomination for Man of a Thousand faces), novels, and television plays. Participated in many efforts to preserve Carmel's residential character.
Pesticides & Toxics --
Dr. Susan Kegley, Ph.D., San Francisco.
Dr. Kegley is Staff Scientist for Pesticide Action Network in San Francisco.
Acoustics & Noise --
Dr. Herman Medwin, Pebble Beach was one of the world's most highly qualified Acousticians. Dr. Medwin died in January 2006
Dr. Medwin, was a Fellow, a Gold Medalist, and Past President of the Acoustical Society of America.
He was also a co-author of three graduate textbooks on acoustics, one of which sold over 10,000 copies. As a retired Professor of the Naval Postgraduate School, Dr. Medwin ran a successful business as a world-renowned consultant in acoustics. He assisted the Monterey County Planning Department and other government agencies of the Monterey Peninsula area, Pro-Bono, for the past 30 years.
Forest Ecology --
Dr. Arthur Partridge, Ph.D. University of Idaho. Considered one of the world's leading forest ecologists, he is called to testify before Congress.
Vienna Merritt-Moore, Marina
Founder of "Say No to Fort 0rd's Toxic Burning," an internationally acclaimed artist, and a television video producer, Vienna has led the effort to stop the wildland Fort Ord burning since 2001. Her achievements include leading the efforts to get Helicopter magnetometers to non-destructively map the unexploded ammunition rather than burning wildlands, getting an Environmental Impact Statement on the burning and getting the governmental agency "Central Coast Alliance on Health" to vote almost unanimously to write a letter of concern to the EPA and other agencies about the ills of burning Ft. Ord. She co-chairs the California-EPA authorized Fort-Ord Community Advisory Group.
Wilderness Guide who plays key and supporting roles in many important environmental protection battles, It was Holly who came up with the idea for the community landmark event of putting Rancho San Carlos up for a referendum. After a fierce campaign, the voters of Monterey County solidly endorsed Holly's idea 57% to 43%.
Dena Ibrahim, Pacific Grove
Law school graduate Dena founded VISION - Vision Inspiring The Sanctity And Integrity Of Nature. Dena raised Monterey Peninsula's first public opposition to, and has organized successful protests against, the Cruise Ship invasion of Monterey which led to the city of Monterey banning one ship forever and a Cruise Line for eternity. Dena led the fight to protect the "Fairy Woods" in Pebble Beach and Pacific Grove.
(See above)
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831 / 624-6500 P.O. Box 1495, Carmel, CA 93921
This Page Last Updated October 27, 2008
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A reliable source for Electric Motor information and leading Electric Motor Companies & Manufacturers.
Electric motors are devices that turn electrical energy into usable mechanical energy. They achieve this by harnessing the mechanical force, or energy, produced during the interaction of an electrical current and a magnetic field. This electrical energy comes from alternating current (AC) or direct current (AC) charges from a power grid or battery.?Read More…
Electric Motors Electric motors are devices that turn electrical energy into usable mechanical energy. They achieve this by harnessing the mechanical force, or energy, produced during the interaction of an electrical current and a magnetic field. This electrical energy comes from alternating current (AC) or direct current (AC) charges from a power grid or battery.
Electric Motor Solutions
Mankato, MN | 612-746-7624
At Electric Motor solutions, our goal is to provide the best motors and equipment to meet the needs of your application. Products include linear actuators, electric motors, speed reducers, custom motors, vacuum cleaner motors, AC motors, and more.
ElectroCraft, Inc.
Stratham, NH | 844-858-5030
We manufacture motors, motion control and rotating products for OEMs. The electric motors obtainable through us include AC motors, AC/DC motors, brushless DC motors, stepper motors.
Carter Motor Company
Warren, IL | 866-745-2100
Carter Motor is a leading manufacturer of electric motors, like AC motors and DC motors, and we have 70 years of industrial motor experience. We have been around since 1932, and provide reliability, integrity and high-quality electric motor products. Call us today!
Dumore Corporation
Mauston, WI | 888-467-8288
Dumore is a leading designer and manufacturer of DC motors, custom fractional horsepower motors, gear motors and universal electric motors. Our high-quality fractional horsepower motors are used in a variety of markets and applications.
Specialty Motors, Inc.
Valencia, CA | 888-467-8288
Our products serve many different industries including defense, industrial machinery, medical devices, marine, automotive, air traffic management as well as a broad variety of others! We strive to treat each and every customer as if they are number one in order to exceed customer expectations and to keep them coming back to us for all of their needs!
Electric Motor Manufacturers List
Both AC and DC electric motors have one general application–powering machinery. In this context, machinery can be anything from a semi-truck to an electric toothbrush.
Electric motors power products in countless industries, including electronics, construction, home and office supplies, appliances (mixer motors, refrigerator motors, etc.), automotive manufacturing, transportation, and industrial manufacturing. The largest electric motors are used for applications like pipeline compression, ship propulsion, and pumped-storage, while the smallest electric motors can fit inside electric watches.
Electric motors got their start in the 1740s, when a Scottish monk named Andrew Gordon created the first electrostatic device. Around 60 years later, in 1820, French physicist André-Marie Ampère discovered how one can produce a mechanical force by facilitating interactions between two current-carrying wires. He wrote down this principle, and it later became known as Ampère’s Force Law. From his name we also gained the SI base unit of electric current measurement, the ampere or amp.
The year after Ampère discovered Ampère’s Force Law, British scientist Michael Faraday successfully conducted experiments demonstrating this principle. First, he dipped a wire in mercury and attached a permanent magnet to it. Then, he passed a current through the wire. When the current moved through the wire, the wire rotated around the magnet. What this proved was that the current created a circular magnetic field around the wire. In 1822, a man named Peter Barlow conducted a similar, but updated, experiment. During his experiment, he dipped the tips of a star shaped wheel (the Barlow wheel) in mercury as it rotated. His results of his experiment echoed Faraday’s.
Brushless DC Motor – Electric Motor Solutions
Experiments like these established certain principles, like electromagnetic induction, that later scientists and engineers could use as a jumping off point. For example, in 1827, Hungarian priest and scientist ?nyos Jedlik built the first recognizable electric motor–it contained a rotor, stator, and commutator. Several years later, he built a model vehicle that ran using an electric motor. In 1832, British scientist William Sturgeon built the first DC electric motor. In 1834, American blacksmith Thomas Davenport invented a battery-powered electric motor with which he powered small model cars on tracks. Three years after that, Davenport and his wife Emily patented the design for the first electric motor that could be used commercially. In 1840, he used his electric motor to power machine tools and a printing press in order to print his own newspaper on mechanics. This was the first ever newspaper to be printed using electric power. Davenport’s inventions were ingenious, but because batteries were not yet economically viable, he ended up going bankrupt.
Around this same time, German physicist and engineer Moritz von Jacobi created a rotating electric motor with which he could power a small electric boat across a river. In 1871, a Belgian electrical engineer named Zénobe Gramme built the first DC motor that made any money. In 1887, Nikola Tesla invented the AC motor, a product that uses alternating current and does not require a commutator. Around this same time, in 1886, American Frank J. Sprague invented the first non-sparking DC-motor that could keep moving at the same speed, regardless of load. Between 1887 and 1888, Sprague invented electric trolleys, which engineers put into use first in Richmond, Virginia. In 1892, he invented both the electric elevator and designed Chicago’s L system, known more formally as the South Side Elevated Railroad.
During the 20th century, electric motors changed the world. They reduced labor everywhere, from the factory floor to the home, they made machines more efficient, they increased standards of living, they allowed for the production of better products, and they expanded the possibilities of travel. Today, electric motors are an integral part of our lives.
When selecting or designing custom motor products for you, electric motor manufacturers will consider different aspects of your application, including how fast you want your engine to go, how often you will use it, the environment in which you will use it, and load details (weight, location, etc.). Based on those factors, they will decide on AC power vs. DC power, horsepower/watts (power output), RPM (rotations per minute), speed variability vs. fixed rotation speed, and current ratings. Manufacturers can also vary your electric motor products by the number of rotors and stator magnetic poles and sizes. Find out more by going over your application with potential suppliers.
Generally speaking, electric motors consist of a rotor, a stator, windings, an air gap, and a commutator.
In this context, the rotor is a moving part that delivers mechanical power when it moves the shaft. To achieve this turning motion, the rotor is usually designed with built-in current-carrying conductors that interact with the magnetic field generated by the stator. However, in some cases, the rotor carries the magnets while the stator holds the conductors.
Unlike the rotor, the stator does not move. Rather, it is the fixed component of the motor’s electromagnetic circuit. Generally, it consists of a core and either permanent magnets or windings. This core is made up of several thin metal sheets, called laminations, which are used to reduce energy losses.
Windings are coiled wires. When they are wrapped around the core, and after they are energized with current, the purpose of these coils is to form magnetic poles.
Next, the air gap is the distance between the rotor and the stator. The air gap provides most of the low power factor at which motors operate, by increasing and decreasing the magnetizing current as needed. So, because a large air gap has a strong negative effect on a motor’s performance and may present mechanical problems, losses, and noise, the air gap should be as small as possible.
Commutator
Finally, the commutator is a part used to periodically switch current direction between the external circuit and the rotor. It is used with most DC motors and with universal motors. The commutator is composed of a cylinder made up of several metal contacts, or slip rings, segments, and an armature upon which the segments rotate. Two or more electrical contacts, called brushes, make sliding contact with the segments by pressing up against them as they turn, allowing the current to flow through them and reach the rotor.
All electric motors have two basic magnetic field pole configurations from which to choose: salient pole and non-salient pole.
Salient Pole
The magnetic field of a salient-pole machine is generated by a winding wound below the pole face.
Non-Salient Pole
In the case of the non-salient pole machine, also known as a round-rotor machine or a distributed field machine, windings produce a magnetic field while wrapped around pole face slots.
Shaded Pole
A third pole configuration, shaded-pole, delays the pole’s magnetic field phase. To do so, it requires a winding made up of a copper bar or ring, called a shading coil, that goes around a certain part of that pole.
Types by Current Source
AC motors are powered by applied alternating currents. The alternating currents, which moves through coils, creates a rotating magnetic field, which in turn provides torque to an output shaft. They do not require a commutator. Common AC power sources include inverters, generators, and power grids.
DC motors get their power from direct currents. The voltage generated by the currents causes an armature winding to rotate, while a non-rotating armature field frame winding acts as a permanent magnet. Users of DC motors can manipulate their speed by adjusting the field frame current or changing the applied voltage. DC currents are often provided by rectifiers, electric motor vehicles, and batteries.
Universal motors can operate using both alternating and direct currents.
Types by Internal Construction
Brushed motors, sometimes called commutated electric motors, are one of two major types of electric motors, as categorized by internal construction. Brushed motors, which almost always use a direct current, get their name from the commutator, which comes with several brushes. These brushes are always made of a soft conductive material; almost exclusively, manufacturers use carbon, sometimes with copper powder mixed in for improved conductivity. The five main styles of brushed motors are separately-excited motors, DC series wound motors, permanent magnet DC motors, DC compound motors, and DC shunt wound motors.
Brushless motors are more much more efficient than brushed motors, and they are rapidly replacing them. These motors, instead of using brushes, use sensors known as Hall effect sensors, to transfer current. They are made up of a 3-phase coil, a permanent magnet external rotor, drive electronics, and the sensor. A 3-phase coil is a motor element that references another type of motor classification, based on the motor’s means of motion.
Gear motors use gear heads to vary speed.
Electric hub motors are motors built into the hub of a wheel. They directly drive the wheel.
Types by Means of Motion
The most common motor motion classifications include 3-phase motors, single phase motors, linear motors, stepper motors, and 12V motors.
Three-phase electric motors boast both a fairly simple design and high efficiency. Usually a type of induction motor, 3 phase motors function using three alternating currents, which distribute converted mechanical energy.
Single phase motors are another example of induction motor. This time, they use a single, or single phase, motor power source, which is generally an alternating current.
Linear motors provide mechanical energy in a straight, or linear, line. In other words, linear motors provide motion over a single plane.
Stepper motors are a lot like 3-phase synchronous motors. The main distinction between the two is simply that, while 3-phase synchronous motors rotate continuously, stepper motors must continuously start and stop. Stepper motors are common in 3D printers and robots.
12V motors generate motion using twelve volts of electric power, which is standard.
Types by Energy Conversion Method
Lastly, electric motors convert energy differently. Motors are divided thus into synchronous motors, induction motors, electrostatic motors, and servo motors.
Synchronous motors are a type of AC motor. They convert voltage into energy using a passing current and a rotor that move at the same rate. Together, these elements create a rotating magnetic field. Synchronous motors offer their ability to maintain constant speeds while changing torque.
Induction motors, sometimes called asynchronous motors, function using the principle of electromagnetic induction. Basically, they work when an electrical conductor moves through a magnetic field and subsequently produces voltage. Induction motors are less expensive than synchronous motors.
Electrostatic motors work by harnessing the attraction and repulsion of an electric charge. They usually use a lot of power, but they are available as smaller models that use lower voltages. For example, small electrostatic motors are common components of micro-mechanical systems (MEMS).
Servo motors work using servomechanisms (servos) that sense errors and correct them automatically. They also have built-in microcontrollers that allow users to prompt them to move exact numbers of degrees whenever they want. Servo motors are exceptionally small. They are common in robotic actuators, remote-control cars, and hobby aircrafts.
Electric motor products have countless accessories. Examples of common electric motor accessories include phase converters (used to convert AC power into DC power, and vice versa), bearings, fan covers, motor kits, mounting kits, rain shields, brake kits, remote controls, speed/voltage controllers, and conduit boxes.
In the United States, one of the most important set of standards associated with electric motors are those put out by NEMA, or the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. NEMA assigns standardized sizes to different motors, which you can view on the charts they send to manufacturers. Other standard requirements are related to your industry, application, and location. Learn the standards to which your electric motors must adhere by talking to your industry leaders.
If you’re looking for an electric motor, the first thing you need to do is make sure you know your specifications. We recommend, before calling any manufacturers, that you list everything you’re looking for (or not looking for), including your application details, your budget, your delivery deadline, your post-delivery service preferences (installation assistance, tech support, etc.), and your standard requirements. Discussing these points at length with an electric motor company will help you know if you are the right fit for one another.
To find said “right fit,” check out the high-quality manufacturers we have listed on this page. Look over their profiles and webpages to see if they might work for you. Pick out three or four top contenders, then give them each a call to talk about your application. Once you’ve spoken with each of them, compare and contrast your conversations, and pick the one you believe will offer you the best service within your budget and timeframe. Good luck!
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What People are saying……..
Media & Speaking Requests
Presidential Political Tidbits~ By Donna Garner
DONNA GARNER - Educator for 33 years and was appointed by President Reagan, Now Activist Writer
From Associated Press:
Gingrich, emphasizing the importance of small donors to his campaign, at a rally Wednesday in Rosemont, Ill.: “We have over 175,000 donors now. Most of them are small. Over 95 percent of our donors give $250 or less.”
THE FACTS: …A more significant number is how much of the money Gingrich raised came in small denominations and how much in big checks.
…the whole calculus leaves out the biggest influence on the Gingrich campaign’s financial fortunes – the group Winning Our Future, an independent super PAC that has been running ads supporting him.
Of that group’s $13.1 million in total contributions, about 75 percent – or $10 million – came from just two people: Las Vegas casino mogul Sheldon Adelson and his wife, Miriam. (MyWay.com, AP – 3.16.12, )
Photo Courtesy of Gage Skidmore
In other words, $10 Million (75% of Gingrich’s campaign contributions) is “dirty money,” coming from casino gambling.
Gingrich says he is a true conservative in this Republican race. Would a true conservative want to be indebted to an industry that increases crime, raises personal bankruptcies, increases domestic violence, leads to loss of workdays, and increases child abuse and addiction?
Gingrich may not have to worry about the GOP race for much longer because unconfirmed rumors say that Sheldon and Miriam Adelson are not going to give Gingrich any more campaign contributions. Without those big-time contributions, Gingrich would have a hard time operating on his meager campaign donations from other sources.
Romney has portrayed himself as a Washington outsider in comparison to Santorum who was a Senator. However, the truth has now come out that the place where Romney went to finance his campaign was to the Washington lobbyists to whom he is now indebted.
We do not need another President such as Obama who is tied to the big-money lobbyists and special interest groups.
According to NewsMax.com (3.9.12 — http://www.newsmax.com/Politics/Report-Romney-IsClearFavoriteofWashingtonLobbyists/2012/03/09/id/432074 ), a Reuters analysis has shown that almost 390 registered lobbyists have given more than $1.5 Million to Romneyand/or his Super PAC Restore Our Future.
These include such names from the healthcare and financial sectors as lobbying firm Duane Morris, energy firms Consol Energy and Oxbow Carbon, Charles Black, Jr. (lobbies for AT&T Inc. and Wal-Mart Stores Inc.), Wayne Berman (Pfizer Inc. and Visa Inc.), Ed Rogers (lobbyist for Raytheon Co. and drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline PLC), Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase & Co., accounting firm Ernst & Young LLP, Google and IBM, energy heavyweights Chevron and Exelon, retailer Home Depot, General Electric, and lobbyists for Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (makers of medicines and medical devices, including Medtronic, Merck, Biogen Idec. Inc., and Covidien).
Arlington Heights, Illinois - Friday 3/16. Photo by Steven Munoz/Twitter.
On the other hand, Santorum has taken in less than $20,000 from 18 registered lobbyists and 1 lobbying organization.
Since this last Tuesday (3.13.12) when Santorum won both Alabama and Mississippi, the “blush has come off the rose.” Romney is undergoing financial stress because of his losses to Santorum.
Heretofore, Romney had programmed the American public to believe that he was the most electable; but because Santorum proved that he is the true conservative candidate and that the public likes him better than Romney, the financial spigot leading to Romney has been stymied.
Donors who were betting on Romney’s success now are having second thoughts, and Romney was forced to spend two whole days trying to raise money this week.
Romney himself is worth close to $250 Million, but he evidently had not intended to loan himself any of his own money to run this campaign. (He loaned himself $42 Million in his 2008 Presidential bid.)
In February, Santorum’s grassroots supporters helped him raise $9 Million compared to Romney’s $11.5 Million; but since Romney’s money supply has diminished considerably, he has been forced to cut campaign expenses by flying on a smaller and less luxurious airplane than his 150-seat plane. His campaign is engaging in a cheaper type of voter ID phone polling, and he is trying to utilize free TV coverage more.
UPCOMING PRIMARIES
Puerto Rico votes on Sunday (3.18.12) in its GOP primary and Illinois on Tuesday (3.20.12).
HOW SANTORUM CAN WIN THE DELEGATE COUNT
3.13.12 – From John Yob, a specialist in delegate tracking, who has recently been hired by Rick Santorum:
Romney supporters on the Republican National Committee manipulated the calendar to front-load several of the states that were favorable towards him. That was beneficial to his early lead in the delegate count, however it is problematic for him as the race continues and moves towards less friendly states.
More importantly, the race will eventually move from primaries and caucuses that are often beauty contests to real county and state convention contests where actual delegates to the national convention are elected.
Anyone who knows anything about state conventions knows that the most conservative candidate has a big advantage over a moderate candidate.
Most of the publicly available delegate counts are fundamentally flawed because none of them have taken into account that conservative grassroots activists at county and state conventions will elect more Santorum delegates than a primary or even caucus beauty contest in the same respective state would allocate.
Therefore, the Real Counts are far better than the projected counts and will continue to improve as the National Convention approaches and states elect their actual convention delegates.
The Santorum campaign will keep a tally called the Real Count moving forward. It will be based on the results of both the Real Calendar and the Traditional Calendar.
SANTORUM, THE CONSERVATIVE CHAMPION
As time goes on, it seems clear to me that the big advantage that Romney had because of his huge super PAC has run its course with the American voters who now believe that Santorum is their Conservative Champion.
Because Rick Santorum does not depend upon wealthy and powerful lobbyists to give him campaign money, we grassroots citizens must step up to the plate and help by contributing our donations: https://www.ricksantorum.com/donatenow/?gclid=CLf8jrvh7K4CFchdTAodYDv4IQ
If you are in Dallas, Texas next week and want the opportunity to donate to Rick Santorum and meet him personally please join us at a Texas Sized Welcome for Rick Santorum!!
Next, we must continue to tell our friends and neighbors about Rick Santorum. We can win this election.
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[caption id="" align="alignright" width="144" caption="DONNA GARNER - Educator for 33 years and was appointed by President Reagan, Now Activist Writer"]
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The Gay Science
English: Kant’s Joke—Kant wanted to prove, in a way that would dumbfound the common man, that the common man was right: that was the secret joke of this soul. He wrote against the scholars in support of popular prejudice, but for scholars and not for the people. —Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science
The Gay Science [German: Die fröhliche Wissenschaft ("la gaya scienza")], is a book written by Friedrich Nietzsche, first published in 1882. This book features the first occurrence of the famous formulation "God is dead," first in section 108, and then in 125. Section 125 depicts the parable of the madman who is searching for God. He accuses us all of being the murderers of God "'Whither is God?' he cried; 'I will tell you. We have killed him- you and I. All of us are his murderers..."
Title and content
The book's title uses a phrase that was well-known at the time. It was derived from a Provençal expression for the technical skill required for poetry-writing. It had already been used by Emerson and E. S. Dallas and in inverted form by Thomas Carlyle (see dismal science). However, it was first translated into English as The Joyous Wisdom. Nevertheless The Gay Science has become the canonical translation of the title since Walter Kaufmann's version in the 1960's. Kaufmann references The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (1955) that lists "The gay science (=Pr[ovençal] gai saber): the art of poetry."
In Nietzsche's time, the word "gay" in English was not a euphemism for "homosexual". The homosexual connotation of "gay" did not become widespread until the mid-20th century.
Nietzsche himself comments in Ecce Homo about the poems in the Appendix, saying they were,
written for the most part in Sicily, are quite emphatically reminiscent of the Provençal concept of gaya scienza—that unity of singer, knight, and free spirit which distinguishes the wonderful early culture of the Provençals from all equivocal cultures. The very last poem above all, "To the Mistral", an exuberant dancing song in which, if I may say so, one dances right over morality, is a perfect Provençalism.
This alludes to the birth of modern European poetry that occurred in Provence around the 12th century, whereupon, after the culture of the troubadours fell into almost complete desolation and destruction due to the Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229), other poets in the 14th century ameliorated and thus cultivated the gai saber or gaia scienza. In a similar vein, in Beyond Good and Evil Nietzsche observed that,
love as passion—which is our European speciality—[was invented by] the Provençal knight-poets, those magnificent and inventive human beings of the "gai saber" to whom Europe owes so many things and almost owes itself. (Section 260)
Another indicator of the deficiency of the original translation as The Joyous Wisdom is that the German Wissenschaft never indicates "wisdom", but a propensity toward any rigorous practice of a poised, controlled, and disciplined quest for knowledge, and is typically translated as "science".
The book is usually placed within Nietzsche's middle period, when his work extolled the merits of science, scepticism and intellectual discipline as routes to mental freedom. The affirmation of the Provencal tradition is also one of a joyful affirmation of life.
"God is dead"
This book features the first occurrence of the famous formulation "God is dead," first in section 108, and then in 125. Section 125 depicts the parable of the madman who is searching for God. He accuses us all of being the murderers of God "'Whither is God?' he cried; 'I will tell you. We have killed him- you and I. All of us are his murderers..." THE MADMAN----Have you not heard of that madman who lit a lantern in the bright morning hours, ran to the market place, and cried incessantly: "I seek God! I seek God!"---As many of those who did not believe in God were standing around just then, he provoked much laughter. Has he got lost? asked one. Did he lose his way like a child? asked another. Or is he hiding? Is he afraid of us? Has he gone on a voyage? emigrated?---Thus they yelled and laughed
The madman jumped into their midst and pierced them with his eyes. "Whither is God?" he cried; "I will tell you. We have killed him---you and I. All of us are his murderers. But how did we do this? How could we drink up the sea? Who gave us the sponge to wipe away the entire horizon? What were we doing when we unchained this earth from its sun? Whither is it moving now? Whither are we moving? Away from all suns? Are we not plunging continually? Backward, sideward, forward, in all directions? Is there still any up or down? Are we not straying, as through an infinite nothing? Do we not feel the breath of empty space? Has it not become colder? Is not night continually closing in on us? Do we not need to light lanterns in the morning? Do we hear nothing as yet of the noise of the gravediggers who are burying God? Do we smell nothing as yet of the divine decomposition? Gods, too, decompose. God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him. sect 125 reads: "How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? What was holiest and mightiest of all that the world has yet owned has bled to death under our knives: who will wipe this blood off us? What water is there for us to clean ourselves? What festivals of atonement, what sacred games shall we have to invent? Is not the greatness of this deed too great for us? Must we ourselves not become gods simply to appear worthy of it? There has never been a greater deed; and whoever is born after us---for the sake of this deed he will belong to a higher history than all history hitherto."
Here the madman fell silent and looked again at his listeners; and they, too, were silent and stared at him in astonishment. At last he threw his lantern on the ground, and it broke into pieces and went out. "I have come too early," he said then; "my time is not yet. This tremendous event is still on its way, still wandering; it has not yet reached the ears of men. Lightning and thunder require time; the light of the stars requires time; deeds, though done, still require time to be seen and heard. This deed is still more distant from them than most distant stars---and yet they have done it themselves.
It has been related further that on the same day the madman forced his way into several churches and there struck up his requiem aeternam deo. Led out and called to account, he is said always to have replied nothing but: "What after all are these churches now if they are not the tombs and sepulchers of God?"
Source: Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science (1882, 1887) para. 125; Walter Kaufmann ed. (New York: Vintage, 1974), pp.181-82.]
Full English text of The Gay Science
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "The Gay Science" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on original research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
Retrieved from "http://artandpopularculture.com/The_Gay_Science"
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image credit: Melissa Townsend
Minnesota Native News: Minnesota’s First Dakota Language Bowl
Minnesota Native News | Weekly Newscasts | Ampers
This week on Minnesota Native News we hear about the state’s first Dakota Language Bowl. Organizers and participants say it’s a fun way to harness people’s competitive spirit and motivate them to learn Dakota — a language many are trying to revive.
“Minnesota Native News: Minnesota’s First Dakota Language Bowl Part 2” , 22 Apr 2015, http://ampers.org/minnesota-native-news/minnesota-native-news-minnesotas-first-dakota-language-bowl/.
http://ampers.org/minnesota-native-news/minnesota-native-news-minnesotas-first-dakota-language-bowl/
http://ampers.org/mn-art-culture-history/the-beat-erin-lynn-marsh-writing-at-night/
The Beat: Erin Lynn Marsh – “Writing At Night”
Erin Lynn Marsh has been published in Sugarhouse Review, Post Road Magazine, and Paper Darts. She holds an MFA from Lesley University in Boston, is currently working on her Masters in English at Bemidji State University. The Beat is a daily reminder that, in Minnesota poetry matters, and Minnesota poets prove that every day.
“The Beat: Erin Lynn Marsh – “Writing At Night”” , 26 Mar 2015, http://ampers.org/mn-art-culture-history/the-beat-erin-lynn-marsh-writing-at-night/.
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Hard Times for Golf
I'm probably not the right guy to comment of the state of golf, since I think it's one of the stupidest, most boring sports ever created. But I've seen a couple articles recently confirming my point of view and can't resist passing them along.
This item, from the Washington Post, discusses declining participation (mostly from a business point of view: fewer participants = bad times for sporting goods companies, course developers, etc).
But the business behind one of America's most slow-going, expensive and old-fashioned pastimes has rapidly begun to fall apart. TaylorMade-Adidas Golf, the world's biggest maker of golf clubs and clothes, saw sales nosedive 28 percent last year, its parent company Adidas said Thursday.
"A decline in the number of active players ... caused immense problems in the entire industry, and as a market leader, this hit us particularly hard," Adidas chief executive Herbert Hainer said on a call with analysts.
It's been years since the increasingly unpopular sport of golf plunked into the rough, and the industry now is realizing that it may not be able to ever get out. All the qualities that once made it so elite and exclusive are, analysts say, now playing against it.
The game -- with its drivers, clubs, shoes and tee times -- is expensive both to prepare for and to play. It's difficult, dissuading amateurs from giving it a swing, and time-consuming, limiting how much fans can play. [...]
Even Jack Nicklaus, perhaps the greatest golfer in history, makes a strong argument for why new players aren't flocking to golf.
"I'd like to play a game that can take place in three hours," Nicklaus told CNN in January. "I'd quite like to play a game that I can get some reasonable gratification out of very quickly -- and something that is not going to cost me an arm and a leg."
The number of young people (18-30) playing golf has dropped 35% in the past ten years. Fewer women and minorities are playing as well, and those who play are playing less often.
That drop-off has hit America's greens and links hard. More golf courses closed than opened in 2013 for the eighth straight year, according to the National Golf Foundation. And the number of course closures has sped up, averaging 137 closings every year since 2011, data from golf-industry researcher Pellucid show.
That's the sport from a participation standpoint. As for fans watching the game – well, that's more bad news, with the problem there being that fans seem to be interested only in Tiger Woods not in the game itself, and Tiger looks like he's nearing the end of the line.
Consider these words about Woods from PGA Tour commissioner Tim Finchem, who spoke with reporters the day before the tournament began at Torrey Pines:
“Candidly, I think when [Woods] tees it up this week, everybody in the world is going to want to see how he’s going to play, because here you have a guy who was so incredibly good for such a long time and he’s struggling out there. [Even] if he’s not winning golf tournaments, people still want to see Tiger Woods play golf. As long as he’s playing, he’s still going to have the same impact.’’
Finchem’s words were equal parts arrogant, insensitive and truthful.
Woods’ presence in the game has made Finchem, the players on the PGA Tour and everyone else surrounding the game countless millions of dollars and opened up endless opportunities for many.
For nearly 20 years, Woods has been a crutch — for Finchem, for TV, for those of us in the news media, for equipment manufacturers and everyone else involved in the game. That crutch is splintering and weakening.
With Woods’ age (39), increasing list of surgeries, swing changes, new coaches and health-related tournament withdrawals, we are fast approaching a time when we need to come to this realization: If we like golf, we had better get used to taking interest in the PGA Tour pros out there who are not named Tiger Woods.
I wonder how long people will continue to watch Tiger Woods suck. The PGA and the TV people who are deeply invested of course hope that this strange fascination will continue indefinitely, but I suspect fans will tire of it fairly soon.
Labels: Business, Sports
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Category Archives: Ecology and Nature
Anomalous experiences, Ecology and Nature, Non-human intelligences, Paranormal Phenomena, research, UFOs
Cattle Mutilations and more with David Perkins #100
January 8, 2021 KateandFahrusha Leave a comment
David Perkins, boots on the ground investigator of the anomalous in Colorado and New Mexico.
To listen, Click HERE.
On February 4, 2020 Fahrusha welcomed researcher David Perkins to “Shattered Reality Podcast” to speak about his firsthand experiences with cattle mutilations and related phenomena. Firsthand experiences are most frequently the best accounts to pay attention to when investigating anomalous phenomena and Perkins has been on the scene for over forty years.
Perkins has been a member of an intentional community called Libre in Colorado since the late 60s. He built two houses on the mountain there. There were then and are still today cattle mutilations happening in that area. Every time he thought he had the solution to the phenomena, it would shift and change as if to taunt him or prove him wrong. He is still investigating today. We spoke of the roles of black helicopters, UFOs and drones in conjunction with cattle mutilations.
Today David Perkins is highly persuaded by the work of British ecologist James Lovelock regarding the Gaia Hypothesis which says that Our Mother Earth is conscious and a self-regulating system. David thinks that many unexplained phenomena could be viewed as unrecognized forces of Nature. Fahrusha added in that the Earth and the Sun might likely be communicating with each other and referred to a blog post she wrote a few years ago.
Perkins and his late wife Cari Seawell at Santa Clara Pueblo investigating a cattle mutilation some years ago.
Fahrusha thanks audio engineer Bill M. for his tireless service to make “Shattered Reality Podcast” possible and to currently absent co-host Kate Valentine for her support.
Shattered Reality Podcast welcomes and answers all polite comments. If you would like to participate in our Listeners’ Corner, please contact fahrusha@fahrusha.com. Fahrusha can read your account on the show or you can speak it yourself. You can be anonymous or give your full name or just a nickname. It’s all good.
http://www.atlanticcoastufos.com/SHATTERED//2-4-2020.mp3
Black helicoptersCattle MutilationsDavid PerkinsFahrushaGaia HypothesisShattered Reality Podcast
Anomalous experiences, Author, Cryptozoology, Ecology and Nature, Oddities, Paranormal Phenomena, shamanism, UFOs
Hudson Valley Anomalies with WHAM #93
October 4, 2020 KateandFahrusha Leave a comment
Mysterious Beauty: Living with the Paranormal in The Hudson Valley. by CS Matthews, Ph.D.
On October 1, 2019, Fahrusha was pleased to speak with Dr. C. S. Matthews about her exciting new book Mysterious Beauty: Living With the Paranormal in The Hudson Valley. She is the sometimes co-host of the podcast “The Church of Mabus” and teaches at a college in the Hudson Valley.
Our fascinating discussion covered a lot of ground, from the geology of the region to Native American beliefs and history through the Dutch and British settlers to the present time. In reading the book, Fahrusha was horrified to discover that she was born on or near the site of a massacre of Native Americans by some renegade Dutch in what is now Jersey City!
What is very wonderful about this book is that it gives people living in the Hudson Valley from Manhattan to above Albany (and those curious and intrepid travellers from points unknown) a tool to begin their quest for the anomalous right here in our own backyard. Everything from ancient earthworks, to present day cryptids and UFOs can be found in the glorious Hudson Valley, along with the world’s best apples.
This episode is a natural follow on to our last episode with Susan Demeter St. Clair in which we touched upon some of the same subjects involving the Great Lakes region of Canada and N.Y. State.
Professor WHAM, the author of Mysterious Beauty
“Shattered Reality Podcast” wishes to acknowledge sometimes contributor Stephanie Quick for introducing us to Professor WHAM.
We appreciate hearing about our listeners’ anomalous accounts. If you wish to be included in the “Listeners’ Corner” either as an on-air guest or would like to have your written account read, please contact fahrusha@fahrusha.com.
http://www.atlanticcoastufos.com/SHATTERED//10-1-2019.mp3
bigfootCommunipawDr. C.S.MatthewsE. Thomas PritchardFahrushaGayle BeattyHudson ValleyJersey CityJimmy "Bubba" BayNative AmericansPavoniaShattered Reality Podcastthe Abair Incidentthe Kinderhook CreatureThe Whitehall MonsterUFO enigmaWahabah Hadia Al MuidWashington Irving
Author, Consciousness, Cosmology, Ecology and Nature, Non-human intelligences
Rupert Sheldrake- Science and Spiritual Practices #81
February 7, 2020 KateandFahrusha Leave a comment
Rupert Sheldrake, PhD, Author of 12 books including Science and Spiritual Practices:Transformative Experiences and their Effects on our Bodies, Brains and Health
On January 15, 2019, Fahrusha was very pleased to welcome Rupert Sheldrake, PhD, to “Shattered Reality Podcast” to speak about his new book Science and Spiritual Practices: Transformative Experiences and their Effects on our Bodies, Brains and Health and other related topics. We began our conversation with an explanation of the hypothesis of morphic resonance in biology.
We continued onward to expound on the seven rather universal spiritual practices that can have transformative effects on one’s mental and physical health. Most basic of these practices is meditation, the sort which can silence the mind’s chatter and promote joy. Next comes gratitude which can be practiced as prayer, grace before meals, or simply earnestly thanking individuals for small or large acts that they have done.
“More than human” is the practice in which a person relates to the 99.9999% percent of the Universe which is not human or about human beings. This is probably my favorite. A sub-category is relating to plants as living beings. These first four practices can be accomplished solo, but Sheldrake is clear about the way in which doing things in community with others brings added benefits to the practitioner.
Among the group practices are the practice of rituals with other humans, although it is possible to do some rituals solo. Singing, chanting and music have amazing effect on the human being and the benefits are multiplied when groups participate together. Going on pilgrimages and visiting holy places can be done alone or with a group. The practice of walking meditation is one that bridges both the category of meditation and pilgrimage.
Rupert Sheldrake, PhD, is the author of 13 books including his newest: Ways to Go Beyond and Why They Work: Seven Spiritual Practices in a Scientific Age.
Rupert Sheldrake, PhD, and Fahrusha, after small group dinner in NYC. Courtesy of Andrew Dornenburg
http://www.atlanticcoastufos.com/SHATTERED//1-15-2019.mp3
FahrushaShattered Reality Podcast
Alien presence, Ecology and Nature, Edge Science, Oddities, research
Panspermia Investigator Professor Milton Wainwright #48
May 3, 2018 KateandFahrusha Leave a comment
Professor Milton Wainwright, Ph.D. investigator into panspermia.
On May 9, 2017, Kate Valentine and Fahrusha were proud to present Professor Milton Wainwright, Ph.D. of Sheffield University who has done remarkable experiments concerning the theory of panspermia. Panspermia is an age old concept which had new life breathed into it by astronomer Sir Fred Hoyle and cosmologist Chandra Wickaramasinghe. According to Wikipedia, panspermia is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed by meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids, and also by spacecraft in the form of unintended contamination by microorganisms. Neopanspermia is the proposition that it is happening currently as well. This is not to be confused with panpsychism which proposes that everything in the Universe is conscious on some level.
Professor Wainwright has done some very amazing experiments discovering life forms in the upper atmosphere (25+ miles up) that are heretofore unknown on Earth and rather too heavy to have floated up from the surface. He has devised an ingenious method to prevent contamination. He and his graduate students have analyzed his findings with two types of electron microscopes and are currently hoping to find some scientists around the world to replicate his experiments. Interestingly, physicist Stephen Hawking has mentioned panspermia as the possible way that life has been spread across the Universe.
Professor Wainwright can be reached by visiting his website miltonwainwright.com/contact/.
http://atlanticcoastufos.com/SHATTERED/5-9-2017.mp3
Chandra WickeramasingheFahrushaKate ValentineMilton WainwrightpanspermiaShattered Reality PodcastSir Fred Hoyleupper atmosphere lifeforms
Author, Ecology and Nature, Non-Physical Realities, shamanism
Michael Peter Langevin #25
September 30, 2017 KateandFahrusha Leave a comment
Michael Peter Langevin, shamanic practitioner
http://atlanticcoastufos.com/SHATTERED/2-2-2016.mp3On February 2, 2016, Michael Peter Langevin, an expert in South American Shamanism, joined Kate Valentine and Fahrusha for a lively discussion. He is the author of three books, Spiritual Business, Secrets of the Ancient Incas, and Secrets of the Amazon Shamans and the former editor/publisher of Magical Blend Magazine.
We cover Groundhog’s Day, the meaning of Shamanism, herbal medicines, symbolic practices, and bringing Shamanism into your daily life through mindful traditions. Michael Peter tells us of how he entered this field through his family history and business of undertaking and his first trip to Macchu Picchu. The importance of Nature and its creatures is discussed as is the use of hallucinogenic plants and trance states.
February 2 is Groundhog’s Day, Candlemas and Imbolc. It is also known as a cross-quarters because it is half way between the Winter Solstice and the Spring Equinox in the Northern Hemisphere. At this time of year one can clearly see that the days are getting a bit longer.
FahrushaGroundhog's DayKate ValentineShattered Reality PodcastSouth American shamanism
Author, Ecology and Nature, Edge Science, research
Dr. Guy McPherson “Nature Bats Last” #23
Dr. Guy McPherson, Professor Emeritus and co-host of “Nature Bats Last”
http://atlanticcoastufos.com/SHATTERED/1-12-2016.mp3On January 12, 2016 Kate Valentine and Fahrusha were honored to welcome Dr. Guy McPherson of the archived radio show “Nature Bats Last” to Shattered Reality Podcast. Dr. McPherson is a conservation biologist who has written numerous books, including most recently: Extinction Dialogs: How to Live with Death in Mind (with Carolyn Baker), Going Dark, and Walking Away From Empire: A Personal Journey.
This episode may be disturbing to many, because our guest causes us to consider the annihilation of homo sapiens and other species due to the ravages that civilization has wrought upon the biosphere of our dear Mother Earth. This conclusion does not arise from one single cause but a variety of contributing factors at play including burgeoning population, temperature rise, methane release, burning of fossil fuels, nuclear meltdowns and death of the oceans to name a few. It is quite important to listen to this, especially if you are a person who is deferring your joy to a time in the future when you believe things will be better for you. NOW is the best time, it is always now, so don’t postpone happiness.
“If you really think the environment is less important than the economy, try counting your money while holding your breath.” ~ Dr. Guy McPherson
We conclude this episode with a listener experience written by Adriana and narrated by Fahrusha. Adriana has had two major episodes of bi-location and one out-of-body experience, all in her native Romania.
environmental destructionFahrushaGuy McPhersonKate Valentinemethane poisoningNature Bats LastShattered Reality Podcast
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The pagemaster game pc
By Ker 26.12.2020 Last upadate26.12.2020
Pagemaster takes a cool idea and adds colorful graphics, but weak controls reduce this video game to barely above average. Readin'Foo! A magical library provides young Richard Tyler with a bookworm's dream: entry into the books cheapnhljerseyscustom.coming System: Windows. It is a single game out of a variety of games that you can play on Arcade Spot. Play more games like The Pagemaster in the Action, Arcade, Classic, Emulator, Platform, and SNES gaming categories. This game has a rating of out of based on 2 user ratings. If you enjoyed playing the game, give it . The Pagemaster was released in conjunction with the Macaulay Culkin part/action part/cartoon feature film released in Guide your character through a selection of levels based around themed books, ranging from Horror to Adventure and Fantasy worlds. You can use magic and stomp enemies to death by jumping on their head.5/5(2).
Directed by Charlie Kellner. With Jim Allen, Dewey Anderson, Chuck Arnold, Sue Buck. P&C adventure and sequel to The Pagemaster (). Young Richard. cheapnhljerseyscustom.com: The Pagemaster: Video Games. The Pagemaster. by PAGEMASTER. out of 5 stars PC game for Windows and MAC. Ships from Fla in. 2-disc CD-ROM game based on the motion picture, for Windows Developed byProbe Entertainment cheapnhljerseyscustom.comedNov. This game is great for Macaulay Culkin fans. Both of The graphics in Pagemaster aren't bad, with good detail and imaginative PC, Windows 10/ Windows 8. For The Pagemaster on the PC, GameFAQs has 1 FAQ (game guide/walkthrough ). the game also resembles that of the movie, unlike the PC version that has its own You are currently playing The Pagemaster game for free on Arcade Spot. The Pagemaster is a video game released in conjunction with the film The Pagemaster. and more. The PC version of the game is completely different; it is an interactive adventure game that has a plot unrelated to that of the movie. 6 days ago The Pagemaster is a action-platformer game based on the movie of the same name. It was released on the Sega Genesis, SNES and PC.The Pagemaster is a video game released in conjunction with the film The Pagemaster.A character can be guided through a selection of literature genre-themed levels, ranging from Developer(s): Probe Software Ltd. (Genesis, SNES, Game Boy), Mammoth Micro Productions (Windows). Pagemaster takes a cool idea and adds colorful graphics, but weak controls reduce this video game to barely above average. Readin'Foo! A magical library provides young Richard Tyler with a bookworm's dream: entry into the books cheapnhljerseyscustom.coming System: Windows. The Pagemaster was released in conjunction with the Macaulay Culkin part/action part/cartoon feature film released in Guide your character through a selection of levels based around themed books, ranging from Horror to Adventure and Fantasy worlds. You can use magic and stomp enemies to death by jumping on their head.5/5(2). It is a single game out of a variety of games that you can play on Arcade Spot. Play more games like The Pagemaster in the Action, Arcade, Classic, Emulator, Platform, and SNES gaming categories. This game has a rating of out of based on 2 user ratings. If you enjoyed playing the game, give it . Game Boy, Genesis, SNES Published by Fox Interactive, Inc. Misc Licensed Perspective Side view Genre Action Gameplay Platform Visual 2D scrolling. Description. The Pagemaster was released in conjunction with the Macaulay Culkin part action/part cartoon feature film released in Guide your character through a selection of levels based. Being a fan of the Pagemaster movie, I really enjoyed this game. But that was mostly because it was fun to play. You run through levels based upon the Horror, Adventure, and Fantasy worlds of the movie. In the horror world you get to through slime balls, in adventure you get a pirate sword, and in fantasy you get to throw magic dust/5(4).
see this The pagemaster game pc
The Pagemaster Playthrough (SNES) (Best Ending) (Deathless), time: 57:28
Tags: Vojna akademija 16 epizoda dailymotion er, Dj style o promo mix, Ahange cheghad khoobe 2afm melanie, Lagu cindolo na tapete, Surface to air curren$y, Severed heads city slab horror, 295 broadway realty corp of ny 6 days ago The Pagemaster is a action-platformer game based on the movie of the same name. It was released on the Sega Genesis, SNES and PC.
Nara 27.12.2020 At 02:06
What words... super, a magnificent phrase
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contamination and decontamination ›
Dynamics of radioiodine accumulation on soil and reconstruction of doses from iodine exposure on the territory contaminated after the Chernobyl accident
contamination and decontamination
Author: Makhon’ko K.P., Kozlova E.G., Volokitin A.A.
Reference: journal “РАДИАЦИЯ И РИСК“ (Radiation and risk), 1996
Keywords: deposition by typhoon, soil surface, exposure dose, 137cs, 131i, 132te
Abstract: The paper presents distributions of external doses and absorbed doses from thyroid internal exposure on the territory of the former USSR due to exposure of 131I and 132I released into the environment as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Dose assessments were based on measurements of daily depositions of 131I and 132Te from the atmosphere made by SPA Typhoon. The main body of available measurement data were added with calculations of 131I depositions from space-time correlations and results of measurements of total p-activity, 137Cs etc. Based on these data calculations were made of 131I and 132I accumulation on soil surface, exposure dose rate and exposure dose from y-irradiation 131I and 132I from the soil surface, and absorbed thyroid doses from incorporated 131I and 132I. Estimated errors in calculations are also presented. Besides, the paper includes ganerated maps of 131I contamination of the soil by 15 May 1986 and distribution of external and internal thyroid exposure doses from incorporated 131I and 132I accumulated by 1 september 1986. The dominant radiation load from 131I and 132I has been shown to be due to internal thyroid exposure to incorporated 131I. Given no iodine prophylaxis and restrictions in the diet of the residents, it could have been three orders of magnitude higher the external exposure doses. In different points of the former USSR, the maximum contamination was reported on different dates from 28 April to 3 May 1986. By estimation, of the major cities the highest radiation loads due to 131I occired in Gomel where by 1 June the exposure dose was 134 mR and the thyroid exposure dose was 166 cSv. The highest radiation loads from 132Te + 132I were in Kiev where by 1 June 1986 the thyroid exposure dose was 720 |xSv (72 mrem) and the exposure dose – 965 mR.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9320721
131I sodium iodidehumanssoilThyroid dose
prev：Physical rationality of the universal model of radioactive depositions after the Chernobyl accident
next：Ecologic-geographic Aspects of Chernobyl Catastrophe (historical scientific survey)
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Don't Mess With Switzerland
By Michael Maiello on Sat, 02/05/2011 - 3:20pm | Politics
Former President, and some would say war criminal George W. Bush cancelled an appearance at a Swiss human rights gala because he feared being arrested. So now Bush joins Henry Kissinger in the ranks of Americans who don't feel that they can safely travel to or even through certain countries, not for fear of assassination or kidnapping, but for fear of arrest and trial.
Read more about Don't Mess With Switzerland
Snappy Gorebacks To Stupid Questions
By Michael Maiello on Wed, 02/02/2011 - 1:42pm | Humor & Satire
Then Why Is It Snowing, Mr. Gore?
The former Vice-President and climate change activist offers a number of responses to this most pressing question.
By your reckoning, the Earth is 6,000 years old. Give it time.
Because you keep voting for people who make sure that you can’t afford to retire some place tropical.
It snows on the righteous and the just and, well… you.
It’s not snow, it’s angel kisses. Feel better now?
The Ski Resort Industrial Complex.
Soros!
Read more about Snappy Gorebacks To Stupid Questions
Joe Lieberman Wants To Be Dictator Of Egypt
By Michael Maiello on Fri, 01/28/2011 - 7:48pm | Politics
Simply stunning. The lesson that outgoing (but not outgoing) Connecticut Senator Joe Lieberman has learned from Egypt's oppressive dictator Hosni Mubarak is that the President needs to be able to order the shutdown of Internet access in the U.S., too.
Read more about Joe Lieberman Wants To Be Dictator Of Egypt
The Private Internet
By Michael Maiello on Sat, 01/22/2011 - 3:17pm | Technology
This is outside my usual subject matter so forgive me if it's trite or has been done before, but I've had a couple of Internet experiences lately that have really driven home for me how much things have changed. When I started using the Internet back at the end of high school (around 1993) it was a bunch of bulletin boards with text interfaces. It probably wasn't a commerce thing for me until around 1998/99 (making me a late adopter, I know, but for awhile I got an employee discount at a book, movie and video store so why Amazon?) Throughout, there was a sense of the public square to the
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Home Economics With Destor
By Michael Maiello on Wed, 01/19/2011 - 3:43pm | Politics
So I got paid on the 15th and something bugged me about the number I took home. It was lower than it was in December and yet it shouldn't have been. This pay cycle was the first one where I benefitted from the 2% payroll tax holiday, something I believe I touted here before when Obama agreed to it.
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Happy Gulf War Day
By Michael Maiello on Tue, 01/18/2011 - 12:45pm | Politics
Maybe that's a flip way to say it, but the one thing I remember most about the first Gulf War was all of the hyperbole around it. Saddam Hussein was Hitler. Kuwait was Poland. If we didn't stop him then, we'd never be able to stop him as he rampaged throughout the region, taking over Saudi Arabia and Iran in the process. Saddam Hussein had, we were told again and again, the fourth largest army in the world.
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Silly, Silly Other Countries
By Michael Maiello on Mon, 01/03/2011 - 11:37am | Politics
Every now and then Atrios has a short post that says something like "Silly, Silly, Japan - hostile to immigration." His point, so much as it needs explanation, is how often we criticize other countries for acting stupidly and making obvious mistakes that only serve to make life worse abroad than it is here at home, where everything is great.
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Whiny, Whiny, Centrists
The mushy middle has spoken and the bipartisanship that we saw during the extraordinarily productive lame duck congressional session just won’t do. Yes, that’s right. The very people who have been agitating for both parties to “reach across the aisle” are not happy with the way in which it was done.
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Work, You Wretches!
By Michael Maiello on Tue, 12/21/2010 - 8:54am | Politics
Meanwhile, back over at TPMCafe, Jon Taplin makes an interesting argument in his post "Merchants Of Fear." Two, actually. The first is that some people, especially peddlars of gold and survivalist rations, are purposefully overselling the state of American decline in order to make a buck. Granted. But then there's this:
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Assange, Irony and Secrets
By Michael Maiello on Sun, 12/19/2010 - 5:23pm | World Affairs
I agree that hearing Julian Assange's lawyers outrage that leaked information pertaining to the rape charges against him should have never been made public is funny. I also agree with David Seaton that politics is politics and that anything that makes Assange look like a hypocrite is bad news for him. In the game he's playing image is important. You can't be for the release of all secrets except for your own. All absolutists find their petards hoisted sooner
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How immune cells can recognize—and control—HIV when therapy is interrupted
October 6, 2020 | Medical Xpress
Immune cells that can recognize residual HIV-infected cells in people living with HIV (PLWH) who take antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain active for years, says a new study published today in eLife.
England makes PrEP free but getting it will still be a postcode lottery for now
September 29, 2020 | GSN
The UK Government has now made PrEP available for free across England – but many gay and bi men will still struggle to get it.
Earlier testing and tracing could have prevented spread of COVID-19 in U.S. and Europe
September 25, 2020 | UBC
Earlier testing and contact tracing might have prevented SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, from becoming established in the United States and Europe, suggests a new study recently published in Science.
Variation in HIV-1 Nef Function within and among Viral Subtypes Reveals Genetically Separable Antagonism of SERINC3 and SERINC5
September 24, 2020 | Science in the City
Our joint lab groups at Simon Fraser University and the BC Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS investigate HIV pathogenesis and the human immune response to viral infection. We use molecular, cell biology and genetics approaches to examine host/pathogen interactions that may inform the development of vaccines, therapeutics and potentially a cure for HIV.
Faculty of Medicine researchers receive $15M from CIHR’s Project Grant program
Twenty-two research projects led by researchers from the Faculty of Medicine and affiliated health authority research centres were awarded $15 million from the Canadian Institute of Health Research Project Grant Spring 2020 competition.
Immediate HIV Treatment Initiation With Integrase Inhibitors Leads to Large Drop in Secondary HIV Transmission Among MSM
September 21, 2020 | TheBodyPro
We know that early HIV treatment initiation is a good idea—not just for the health of a person living with HIV, but from an HIV prevention standpoint as well. We also know that integrase inhibitors have developed a pretty sterling reputation as an excellent first-line option.
Pioneering B.C. HIV/AIDS researcher honoured on new Canada Post stamp
September 16, 2020 | Global News
A renowned British Columbia doctor is being celebrated for his pioneering work fighting HIV/AIDS with a new commemorative stamp.
Julio Montaner: HIV treatment and prevention
September 16, 2020 | Canada Post
Pharmacists Play a Critical Role in Managing Changes to HIV Care During COVID-19
September 16, 2020 | Pharmacy Times
Since the beginning of the HIV epidemic, approximately 33 million people have died from HIV/AIDS and 76 million people have been infected with the virus, according to a virtual session at the National Association of Specialty Pharmacy (NASP) Annual Meeting & Expo 2020.
New Canada Post stamps honour medical contributions of six Canadians
September 15, 2020 | Radio Canada International
Canada Post has issued a set of five commemorative stamps to honour the contributions made in the medical field by six Canadian physicians and researchers; Drs. Bruce Chown, Julio Montaner, Balfour Mount, M. Vera Peters, James Till and Ernest McCulloch.
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Japan bans entry of all non-resident for...
Four Seasons Beirut welcomes new GM
Airlines Were on Time in 2020, but Passe...
tourismNovember 12, 2020
Future of business travel in doubt as virus upends work life
BEIJING: For the lucrative business travel industry, Brian Contreras represents its worst fears.
A partner account executive at a US tech firm, Contreras was used to traveling frequently for his company. But nine months into the pandemic, he and thousands of others are working from home and dialing into video conferences instead of boarding planes.
Contreras manages his North American accounts from Sacramento, California, and doesn’t expect to travel for work until the middle of next year. Even then, he is not sure how much he will need to travel.
“Maybe it’s just the acceptance of the new normal. I have all of the resources necessary to be on the calls, all of the communicative devices to make sure I can do my job,” he said. “There’s an element of of face-to-face that’s necessary, but I would be OK without it.”
That trend could spell big trouble for hotels, airlines, convention centers and other industries that rely so heavily on business travelers like Contreras.
Work travel represented 21 percent of the $8.9 trillion spent on global travel and tourism in 2019, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council.
Delta Air Lines CEO Ed Bastian recently suggested business travel might settle into a “new normal” that is 10 percent to 20 percent lower than previously.
“I do think corporate travel is going to come back faster than people suspect. I just don’t know if it will be come back to the full volume,” Bastian said. Delta’s business travel revenue is down 85 percent.
Dubai-based MBC Group, which operates 18 television stations, says it’s unlikely employees will travel as often once the pandemic ends because they’ve proven they don’t need to. “We have managed to deliver projects and negotiate deals very successfully, though remotely,” MBC spokesman Mazen Hayek said. MBC has reduced trips by more than 85 percent, Hayek said.
Amazon, which told it employees to stop traveling in March, says it has saved nearly $1 billion in travel expenses so far this year. The online shopping giant, with more than 1.1 million employees, is the second-largest employer in the US.
At Southwest Airlines, CEO Gary Kelly said while overall passenger revenue is down 70 percent, business travel — normally more than one-third of Southwest’s traffic — is off 90 percent.
“I think that’s going to continue for a long time. I’m very confident it will recover and pass 2019 levels, I just don’t know when,” Kelly said.
US hotels relied on business travel for around half their revenue in 2019, or closer to 60 percent in big cities like Washington, according to Cindy Estis Green, the CEO of hospitality data firm Kalibri Labs.
Peter Belobaba, who teaches airline management at MIT, said business travel is down partly because some people are afraid to fly and partly because companies fear liability if employees contract COVID-19 while traveling for work.
Companies have also reined in travel because times are lean. ExxonMobil cut business travel in February because of falling global demand for oil.
Those who want to travel may also be limited by travel restrictions, Belobaba added. Last month, Polestar CEO Thomas Ingenlath observed a mandatory 14-day quarantine in China after flying in from Sweden for the Beijing Auto Show.
Polestar, an electric car brand jointly owned by Sweden’s Volvo and China’s Geely, has tried to limit travel for environmental reasons. But the 14-day quarantine has restricted travel even further, said Kiki Liu, its head of communications.
The cutback in travel has been a boon for teleconferencing services. Zoom said it had 370,200 customer businesses with at least 10 employees at the end of July, more than triple the number it had at the end of April.
But for some workers, teleconferencing can’t replace being there in person.
Rebecca Lindland, an automotive consultant and founder of Rebecca Drives, used to travel 38 weeks each year for test drives and auto shows. This year, she didn’t fly from March until September. Test drives have been cut back to regional events, so attendees don’t have to travel as far.
Lindland misses the downtime air travel gave her, and she’s confident she can return to the skies safely. She wears a mask, and even before the pandemic she always carried Lysol wipes and hand sanitizer.
“I’ve been wiping down my tray tables since 1985,” she said with a laugh.
Sam Clarke, an assistant professor in the college of business at California State University San Marcos, agrees that some in-person events — like trade shows — will still be important in the future. But he believes new kinds of business travel will also emerge.
Lockdowns have taught employees how to adapt to different work environments, he said, so hotels, airlines and even cruise ships should beef up their connectivity and cater to business travelers.
Late last month, Marriott introduced flexible options aimed at business travelers, including one-day stays with an evening check-out.
Clarke also expects some companies will flip their travel. Instead of letting a few executives travel a lot, he said, companies could let most employees work from home and fly them all back to their headquarters once a year.
Some businesses are already changing the way their work is done. Cynthia Kay and Co., a media production company based in Grand Rapids, Michigan, used to send its seven employees around the country to make videos for clients like Siemens.
When travel came to a halt in March, the company invested in proprietary software and sent iPads and other equipment to clients so it could coach them through their own video shoots, President Cynthia Kay said.
As a result, the company’s sales are down only 15-20 percent even though its travel spending has plunged 75 percent.
Still, Kay and her staff were eager to get back on the road once they felt they could do that safely. Kay began traveling again last month.
arabnews
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Deputy PM describes Nguyen Dynasty archives as priceless
Deputy Prime Minister Vu Duc Dam has described all archives kept at the National Archives Centre IV, based in Da Lat city of the Central Highlands province of Lam Dong, as priceless assets of the nation.
Fashion show marks 125th founding anniversary of Da Lat
180-ha green urban village to be developed in Da Lat
Deputy Prime Minister Vu Duc Dam (third, right) examines the preservation of woodblocks from the Nguyen Dynasty at the National Archives Centre IV on December 20 (Photo: VNA)
He made the remark while examining the preservation of woodblocks from the Nguyen Dynasty (1802-1945) – part of the Memory of the World Register – in Lam Dong on December 20.
Dang Thanh Tung, Director of the State Records and Archives Department of Vietnam under the Ministry of Home Affairs, said the National Archives Centre IV, established in 2006, is tasked with managing the woodblocks of the Nguyen Dynasty and other archives of the central and Central Highlands regions. It is currently preserving 34,619 woodblocks from the period.
The department has successfully applied modern techniques in cleaning up the woodblocks. It has also devised solutions to improve the preservation environment and archive restoration.
Pointing out difficulties in preserving the woodblocks, Tung said they are being kept in rooms designed for preserving paper, tape, and dish archives. Meanwhile, the volume of such items is substantial, which feature reverse carvings written in Han Nom (old Chinese-like characters of Vietnam), so it will take much time and effort to translate them.
Deputy PM Dam said that as these archives are priceless assets, it is necessary to step up publicising them for all to see.
He asked archivists to promptly digitalise the woodblocks and other archives. They should also pay attention to applying traditional preservation and restoration methods, aside from modern solutions, and invite experts and investors to the work.
The woodblocks of the Nguyen Dynasty helped to record official literature and history, as well as classical and historical books. They were included in the Memory of the World Register in 2009.
Tag Deputy PM National Archives Centre IV Nguyen Dynasty priceless Vu Duc Dam
Da Lat to be developed into smart city
Former Director General gets life imprisonment for big loss at Dong A Bank
Non-governmental organisations active in social welfare
Santa Clause is coming to town
300 leading medical experts participate in the 7th Vietnamese – French Pediatrics Conference
Border guards bring warmth to mountainous students
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Warm congratulations on the official launch of our official website! ! !
(Summary description)Fujian Minhang Electronics Co., Ltd. is a key enterprise specializing in the development and production of integrated circuit ceramic packaging enclosures in China. It is a national-level large-scale integrated circuit high-density packaging national key industrial test base. It has a history of more than 40 years and is a ceramic enclosure in China. One of the key enterprises with advanced equipment, strong development capabilities, and good product quality, can develop and produce CLCC, CQFP, CQFJ, CPGA, CDFN, CQFN, CSOP, CDIP, CSIP, CFP, and MCM. A kind of integrated circuit ceramic package shell. Since 2000, the company has developed more than 60 new military products, nine series of spectrums (44 varieties), and three military standard lines representing products. These products are widely used in the fields of aerospace, aviation, navigation, national important weapons and equipment, and various civilian electronic supporting products. They have achieved excellent results, of which 4 products have reached the domestic leading level and 13 products have reached the domestic advanced level.
Previous: Warm congratulations on the official launch of our official website! ! !
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Fujian Minhang Electronics Co., Ltd. is a key enterprise specializing in the development and production of integrated circuit ceramic packaging enclosures in China. It is a national-level large-scale integrated circuit high-density packaging national key industrial test base. It has a history of more than 40 years and is a ceramic enclosure in China. One of the key enterprises with advanced equipment, strong development capabilities, and good product quality, can develop and produce CLCC, CQFP, CQFJ, CPGA, CDFN, CQFN, CSOP, CDIP, CSIP, CFP, and MCM. A kind of integrated circuit ceramic package shell. Since 2000, the company has developed more than 60 new military products, nine series of spectrums (44 varieties), and three military standard lines representing products. These products are widely used in the fields of aerospace, aviation, navigation, national important weapons and equipment, and various civilian electronic supporting products. They have achieved excellent results, of which 4 products have reached the domestic leading level and 13 products have reached the domestic advanced level.
在线搜索
Minhang · Manufacturer of ceramic heating elements
Water purifier and faucet
VaporizerHairdressing equipment and electric appliances
Into Fujian Airlines
Tel：0599-8609304（Marketing Department）
Add：Changsha High-tech Development Zone, No. 65-10, Xixi Road, Yanping District, Nanping City, Fujian Province
Official Official Account
Copyright © 2020 Fujian Minhang Electronics Co., Ltd. 闽ICP备13073420号 Powered by 300.cn
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Home » Toxicity of Silver in Water and Sediment to the Freshwater Amphipod Hyalella Azteca. (x) » Citation (x) » Poster (x) » Interspecies Variations in Growth Rate and Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Among Native Freshwater Mussels in Pool 12 (x) » Search results
Wetherell, Jessica L., Melendez, Josue W.
Wetherell, Jessica, Melendez, Josue W., & Zuercher, Gerald L. “Bat Surveys in Eastern Iowa: Simultaneous Stability and Change.” Poster presentation for the Chlapaty Research Fellowship Program, University of Dubuque, 2013.
Abstract: North American bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) are often underrepresented in conservation and management plans due to inadequate current information. The recent spread of white-nose syndrome (WNS) has raised concerns for bats throughout the eastern and mid-western United States. WNS was first detected in Iowa during the winter of 2011-2012. There are nine species of bats recorded for Iowa. This includes Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat) which has been severely impacted by WNS at some locations, the Federally Endangered Myotis sodalis (Indiana bat), Nycticeius humeralis (evening bat) which is “Threatened” within Iowa, and Myotis septentrionalis (northern myotis) which is a “Species of Special Concern” within Iowa. We sampled bat communities at Mines of Spain Recreational Area, a state park along the Mississippi River, between June and August 2013. This location also was sampled during the same time period of 2012. Mist nets were set up before sunset and left in place until one hour after the last bat was captured. Overall, eight of nine potential Iowa bat species were captured with little brown bats being the most common species during both sampling efforts. During the 2012 survey, a single Nycticeius humeralis was detected in Mines of Spain. During the 2013 survey, a suspected Myotis sodalis was captured. Perimyotis subflavus (tricolored bat) was not captured during 2012 but was captured during 2013. While little brown bats were the most common species during both surveys, other changes in community composition were documented including an increase in bat species diversity between 2012 and 2013 despite a decrease in captured individuals. Bats are important components of local biodiversity; we suggest continuing bat surveys in eastern Iowa.
Schnuelle, Dylan A., Jameison, Alexander R.
Schnuelle, Dylan, & Alex Jameison. “Flight Path Management Systems.” Poster presentation for AVI 495: Aviation Senior Seminar, Spr ‘15, Profs. Prelis & Kadolph.
Thier, Robbie J., Bohl, Darin P.
Their, Robbie, & Darin Bohl. “NextGen Aircraft.” Poster presentation for AVI 495: Aviation Senior Seminar, Spr ‘15, Profs. Prelis & Kadolph.
Shumar, William T.
Shumar, Bill. “NextGen Technology.” Poster presentation for AVI 495: Aviation Senior Seminar, Spr ‘15, Profs. Prelis & Kadolph.
Berg, Nathan R., Arellano, Victor H.
Arellano, Victor, & Nathan Berg. “TSA & Security.” Poster presentation for AVI 495: Aviation Senior Seminar, Spr ‘15, Profs. Prelis & Kadolph.
Ellison, Nathan M.
Ellison, Nate M. Koch, David E., & Zuercher, Gerald L. "Painted Turtle Movement Patterns in a Mississippi River Island Backwater." Poster presentation for the Chlapaty Research Fellowship Program, University of Dubuque, 2013.
In our turtle sampling at Nine-mile Island in Pool 12 in the Upper Mississippi River, painted turtles are the dominant species by number. While many captured turtles are recaptures, many of them are also caught only once, which suggests differing movement patterns. In an effort to better understand the type of habitat use and movement patterns of these turtles we used radio-telemetry to track three (3) turtles over a period of two months. Hoop nets were used to capture these turtles in a backwater portion of Nine-mile Island, then radio transmitters were attached to their carapace, and the turtles were released into the backwater they were captured in. All three turtles showed similar movement patterns in that each of them would stay in one small region for several days then moved to another nearby area. Total distance moved by the turtles in the tracking period was variable.
Barkhurst, Heather, Amore, Teresita D.
Heather Barkhurst, Amore, Teresita D., Mudalige-Jayawickrama, Rasika G., Predominance of Purple Color in Dendrobium is due to Enzyme Competition between DFR AND F3′H. 2013
Everhart, Nicholas R., Williamson, Brandon A.
Everhart, Nick, & Brandon Williamson. “Weather Forecasting.” Poster presentation for AVI 495: Aviation Senior Seminar, Spr ‘15, Profs. Prelis & Kadolph.
Kilsdonk, Joey W.C.
Kilsdonk, Joey W.C. & Koch, David E. "How the Zone of Transition in Dubuque Resembles the Social Disorganization of the City of Chicago." Poster presentation for the Chlapaty Research Fellowship Program, University of Dubuque, 2013.
Sadler, Matthew W.
Sadler, Matt. “Environmental Issues.” Poster presentation for AVI 495: Aviation Senior Seminar, Spr ‘15, Profs. Prelis & Kadolph.
Nie, Eric T.
Abstract: Water quality is an extremely important driver for the ecological processes that support life and influence biodiversity. Land use has a major influence on water quality, with some of the highest impact activities often associated with agriculture and waste disposal. During the past year grab and automated water samples were taken upstream (above landfill) and downstream (below the landfill) to characterize the water quality impacts of land use on the South Fork of Catfish Creek, a tributary of the Mississippi River. This stretch of Catfish Creek allows for an investigation of the impacts of land use and runoff as is adjacent to multiple land uses including both landfill and agricultural lands and was monitored during both base flow and rain-induced runoff events. Significant differences between water qualities characteristics were noted between the differing flow conditions. The samples were analyzed for suspended particulate matter (SPM), various phosphorus forms, nitrates, and heavy metals. Hydrographs showed the relation to changes in concentrations of phosphorus, metals, and sediment change with the flow levels during storm runoff events. Both our sampling sites, above and below the landfill, held levels of phosphorus that exceeded the EPA’s recommendation for ecoregion VII, likely a result of high amounts of agricultural land use in the study watershed. However the form of phosphorus varied between the sites during runoff events in that the upstream sites had more sediment bound P than downstream. This likely results from storage in the stream of sediment bound P as the velocity slows down and the sediment falls out of suspension, which holds long term implications on nutrients storage and transport in this system. Metal concentrations studied show that the holding (retention) pond have much lower concentrations of metals than does the stream – both before and after passing the ponds. As the downstream concentrations of these metals in nearly all cases are similar in concentration than the upstream water it seems very apparent that the ponds, or groundwater flow, are not contributing these potential leachate components into the stream during base flow conditions. Our results indicate that the agricultural lands are likely impacting Catfish Creek landfill with respect to nutrient loading, however the landfill is not adversely impacting the South Fork of Catfish Creek with respect to the analyses examined.
Citation:Nie, Eric T., & Hoffman, Adam R. “Monitoring the Impact of the Land Use Characteristics on the Surface Water Quality of a Mississippi River Tributary.” Poster presentation for the Chlapaty Research Fellowship Program, University of Dubuque, 2013.
Beck, Alex, Schultz, Paul
Abstract::This research project entails working with a joint partnership between the City of Dubuque and IBM Research on the Smarter Discards Pilot Study. The purpose of this research has many concepts, but my main focus areas were with diversion strategies from the landfill. It was also to improve Dubuque residents’ awareness of the importance and opportunities for more effective discard management practices. There is an online portal that will allow residents to view and analyze their “behavior” with discarding materials. By increasing public awareness and further opportunities for residents to participate in curbside collection of recyclables, food scraps, yard scraps, and trash, we are trying to provide further opportunities for Dubuque to become a more sustainable and prosperous city. There will be RFID tags installed onto recycling and trash bins to collect and transmit data pertaining to physical amounts that are set out for curbside collection each week. This allowed us to analyze weekly performance for household’s trash to recyclables ratio, landfill diversion, and cost savings. Along with data collection on trash and recycling bins, we also created a Smarter Discards survey asking residents in this program seven recycling questions, seven behavior questions, and open ended questions for participants to leave any comments or suggestions they chose. Shown in these graphs are responses from these participants about the Smarter Discards Pilot Study.
Orth, Kathrine B.
Orth, Kathrine B. "The Spiritual Formation of Children with Autism and the Response of the Church." Poster presentation for the Chlapaty Research Fellowship Program, University of Dubuque, 2014.
Bainbridge, Elizabeth L., Cruise, Chelsie E., Kieffer, Lea M., Matthews, Aaron J.
Bainbridge, E.G., Cruise, C.E., Kieffer, L.M., Matthews, A.J., Koch, David E., & Zuercher, G.L. “Gender Differences in Home-Ranges for Southern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys volans) in Eastern Iowa.” Poster presentation for the Chlapaty Research Fellowship, 2012.
Abstract: In Iowa, southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) are considered a “Species of Special Concern”. This stems mainly from a lack of information about the ecology of southern flying squirrels within the state. Students at the University of Dubuque have been studying this species at Mines of Spain Recreation Area (MoSRA) in eastern Iowa for several years. Beginning in August, 2011 flying squirrels have been fitted with telemetry transmitters in an effort to better understand their spatial needs and movement patterns within the park. Transmitters were affixed to ten flying squirrels which were captured from different parts of the park. The goals were to: 1) determine their locations on a regular basis (usually nightly); 2) calculate home ranges and average daily movement distances; 3) compare between individuals to evaluate whether spatial needs are consistent throughout the park; and 4) determine whether or not females occupy different spatial ranges from male squirrels. While a few flying squirrels have yielded only a few locations, most flying squirrels were routinely located for several weeks each. It appears that the spatial needs of both male and female squirrels changes through time. These data hopefully will yield a better understanding of flying squirrel ecology.
Englert, Melissa A., Goff, Mitchell T., Mondragon, Maria F., Olson, Chelsea J., Olson, Kayla S., Sinton, Mark
Citation: Englert, Melissa A., Goff, Mitchell, Mondragon, Maria F., Olson, Chelsea, Olson, Kayla, & Sinton, Mark. "An Analysis of the Thermophilic Mechanism of Potato Tyrosinase." Poster presentation for the Chlapaty Research Fellowship Program, University of Dubuque, 2012.
Cruise, Chelsie E., Bainbridge, Elizabeth G., Redmond, Kyle, Johnson, Meghan L.
Cruise, Chelsie E., Elizabeth G. Bainbridge, Kyle Redmond, Megan Johnson and Gerald L. Zuercher. "Assessment of a Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) Population in the Upper Mississippi River Watershed." Chlapaty Research Fellowship, 2012.
Southern flying squirrels, Glaucomys volans, are a “species of concern” in Iowa. Within Iowa, they are considered “uncommon” with an “unknown” population trend. This assessment appears driven by a lack of information for the species. While their reported distribution in Iowa includes all but the extreme northwest corner, there are relatively few records of the species for the state. Beginning in early June 2012, we surveyed southern flying squirrels along four transects within Mines of Spain Recreation Area (MoSRA), a state park located in Dubuque County, Iowa. These transects also were sampled in 2011. We used Ugglan multi-capture live-traps, baited with peanut butter mixed with raisins, which were placed on trees approximately 5-meters above ground level. Traps were checked each morning, for five consecutive days, every other week. To date, 18 flying squirrels have been captured and marked with PIT (Passive Integrated Transponder) tags. Capture rates for 2012 were lower than for 2011. Also, patterns of capture success differed between years; the highest capture success for 2012 comes from the transect with the lowest capture success in 2011. We will summarize our capture data for 2012 and compare to previous years.
Johnson, Megan M., Bainbridge, Elizabeth G., Redmond, Kyle D., O'Rourke, Jake M., Cruise, Chelsie E.
Johnson, Megan M., Bainbridge, Elizabeth G., Redmond, Kyle D., O’Rourke, Jake.M., Cruise, Chelsie E., & Zuercher, Gerald L. “Spatial and Temporal Variation in Eastern Iowa Bat Assemblages.” Poster presentation for the Chlapaty Research Fellowship Program, University of Dubuque, 2012.
Abstract: North American bats, (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), are important components of biodiversity that are often underrepresented in conservation and management plans because of a lack of information on populations status and habitat requirements. Bats are important components to healthy ecosystems as well as human economies. North American bats are insectivores whose diets often include both human-disease vectors and damaging agricultural pests. There are nine species of bats recorded for Iowa. This includes the Federally Endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), the evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis) which is “Threatened” within Iowa, and the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) which is a “Species of Special Concern” within Iowa. We sampled bat communities at five locations within Dubuque County, Iowa including a state park (Mines of Spain Recreational Area), three county parks (Bankston Park, White Water Canyon Wildlife Area, Swiss Valley Nature Preserve), and a privately managed property (Wolter Property). Mist nets were set up before sunset and left in place until one hour after the last bat was captured. Overall, seven of the nine potential bat species were captured with little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) being the most common species. Variation in both total number of bats captured and number of species captured occurred between sites. Also, the sampled bat communities at each site varied temporally. With the presence of White-Nose Syndrome confirmed from caves in eastern Iowa, our data provide a baseline against which impacts from the disease can be compared. We suggest continuing the surveys of bat communities in eastern Iowa.
Magee, Benjamin R., Sterling II, John W.
Magee, Benjamin R., & John W. Sterling II. “Future of Pilot Skills.” Poster presentation for AVI 495: Aviation Senior Seminar, Spr ‘15, Profs. Prelis & Kadolph.
Almutairi, Fahad S.
Almutairi, Fahad. “GPS/Satellite Security.” Poster presentation for AVI 495: Aviation Senior Seminar, Spr ‘15, Profs. Prelis & Kadolph.
Porter, Tyler J., Duve, Brandon P.
Porter, Tyler J., Duve, Brandon, & Koch, David E. “White Sucker Movement Patterns and Stream Diversity of Two Mississippi River Tributary Streams.” Poster presentation for the Chlapaty Research Fellowship Program, University of Dubuque, 2013.
Abstract: In Northeast Iowa, two cold-water streams, Catfish Creek and Little Maquoketa River in Dubuque County are stocked with three trout species (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis; brown trout, Salmo trutta) and fished relatively heavily by anglers. The richness of species and diversity of the streams have been an ongoing study for the past five years by the University of Dubuque to measure stream health and inter-annual variations. This summer, both streams were sampled using electro-shocking once a week for eight weeks. The white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) is the most populous fish in both of these streams, and its movement patterns have been studied very little in Eastern Iowa. Three adult white suckers were tagged with radio telemetry tags in Catfish Creek and tracked over the course of three weeks in late summer. The white suckers were mostly stationary, with only short inter-pool movements, except for the occurrence of one large movement near the end of the study. Catfish Creek yielded more fish, with higher diversity and richness than the Little Maquoketa River.
Cruise, Chelsie E. (4) + -
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Duran, Luis I. (1) + -
Duve, Brandon P. (1) + -
Ellison, Nathan M. (1) + -
Englert, Melissa A. (1) + -
Everhart, Nicholas R. (1) + -
Airline Cyber Security / GPS/Satellite Security. (1) + -
Airliner Tracking / ICAO Flight Data Recorder Recommendations. (1) + -
An Analysis of the Thermophilic Mechanism of Potato Tyrosinase. (1) + -
Assessing the Genetic Diversity of Rediscovered Aegla of Paraguay using RAPD analysis. (1) + -
Assessment of a Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) Population in the Upper Mississippi River Watershed. (1) + -
Aviation Fatigue Legislation (1) + -
Aviation Safety Moving Forward. (1) + -
Bat Surveys in Eastern Iowa: Simultaneous Stability and Change. (1) + -
Environmental Issues: Airports Going Green (1) + -
Functional Characterization of Orchid TCP Genes Using JAW Mutants of Arabidopsis. (1) + -
Future of Pilot Skills. (1) + -
Gender Differences in Home-Ranges for Southern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys volans) in Eastern Iowa. (1) + -
Habitat Variation Impacts Small Mammal Distribution in Eastern Iowa. (1) + -
How the Zone of Transition in Dubuque Resembles the Social Disorganization of the City of Chicago. (1) + -
Implementation of NextGen Technology. (1) + -
Investigating Household Discard Behavior Changes from Landfilling to Recycling/Composting. (1) + -
Monitoring The Impacts of the Land Use Characteristics on the Surface Water Quality of a Mississippi River Tributary. (1) + -
NextGen Arrivals and Approaches / Flight Path Management Systems. (1) + -
Painted Turtle Movement Patterns in a Mississippi River Island Backwater. (1) + -
Predominance of Purple Color in Dendrobium is due to Enzyme Competition between DFR AND F3′H. (1) + -
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PI-88 is Australian cancer therapeutics and biotechnology company Progen’s most advanced compound within its oncology pipeline. Historically, it is a new antiangiogenic therapeutic currently in multiple international Phase II clinical trials under an Investigational New Drug (IND) Application with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). PI-88 has shown a good safety and tolerability profile in numerous preclinical and clinical studies, with promising signs of efficacy in humans emerging from the clinical program. The current Phase II clinical program includes investigation of PI-88 for lung cancer, (NSCLC), primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), multiple myeloma and melanoma (for which PI-88 has received Orphan Drug status from the US FDA). PI-88’s novel mode of action indicates that it may show patient benefit across many cancer types.
Trials of multiple therapies have recently validated angiogenesis as a target in oncology. The effective inhibition of angiogenesis is likely to require a multi-targeted approach. However, inhibiting angiogenesis might promote metastasis, therefore new anti-angiogenic therapies might need to concurrently control metastasis. A multi-target and novel antiangiogenic/antimetastatic approach, combined with a good safety and tolerability profile, is a key differentiator between PI-88 and other antiangiogenic investigational drugs based on the evidence to date. It may well provide a competitive advantage over targeted agents that rely on only a single mode of action.
The major issues for the treatment of cancer remain: the need to attack the growth of the primary (original) tumour, to inhibit the establishment and spread of secondary tumours (metastasis). PI-88 has been demonstrated to address both of these issues simultaneously, by utilising the mechanism of heparan sulfate mimicry. PI-88 retards the growth of primary tumours by inhibiting new blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) in three ways. The first is heparan sulfate mimicry, which causes inhibition of heparanase, and prevents the release of angiogenic growth factors from the extracellular matrix (ECM). The second is the interaction with angiogenic growth factors VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), FGF-1 (Fibroblast Growth Factor -1) and FGF-2, which reduces their functional activity, as PI-88 binds with high (nanomolar) affinity to these growth factors. Thirdly, PI-99 stimulates the release of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI), an endogenous protein that has anti-angiogenic and anti-coagulation properties. Inhibition of heparanase and stimulation of TFPI release are also jointly responsible for the antimetastatic activity of PI-88.
Biotechnologies in Pharmacies and Medicine
Canadian Family Pharmacy: Can We Consider It the Best Online Pharmacy?
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CONCORDAT 1784
Between The Scottish Bishops and Dr. Samuel Seabury
Francis L. Hawks and William Stevens Perry, eds., Documentary History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America: Connecticut. Vol. II (New. York: James Pott, Publisher, 1864), 249-251.
In the name of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, one God, Blessed for ever Amen.
The wise and gracious providence of this merciful God having put it into the hearts of the Christians of the Episcopal persuasion in Connecticut, in North America, to desire that the blessings of a free, valid, and purely ecclesiastical Episcopacy might be communicated to them, and a Church regularly formed in that part of the western world, on the most ancient and primitive model; and application having been made for this purpose by the Rev. Doctor Samuel Seabury, Presbyter in Connecticut, to the Right Rev. the Bishops of the Church in Scotland, the said Bishops having taken this proposal into their serious consideration, most heartily concurred to promote and encourage the same as far as lay in their power, and, accordingly, began the pious and good work recommended to them, by complying with the request of the clergy in Connecticut, and advancing the same Dr. Samuel Seabury to the high order of the Episcopate, at the same time earnestly praying that this work of the Lord, thus happily begun, might prosper in his hand, till it should please the great and glorious Head of the Church to increase the number of Bishops in America, and send forth more such labourers into that part of His harvest. Animated with this pious hope, and earnestly desirous to establish a bond of peace and holy communion between the two Churches, the Bishops of the Church in Scotland, whose names are underwritten having had full and free conference with Bishop Seabury, after his consecration and advancement as aforesaid, agreed with him on the following Articles which are to serve as a Concordate, or bond of union, between the Catholic remainder of the ancient Church of Scotland, and the now rising Church in Connecticut.
ARTICLE I.
They agree in thankful receiving, and humbly and heartily embracing the whole doctrine of the Gospel as revealed and set forth in the Holy Scriptures, and it is their earnest and united desire to maintain the analogy of the common faith once delivered to the saints, and happily preserved in the Church of Christ through His Divine power and protection, Who promised that the gates of hell should never prevail against it.
ARTICLE II.
They agree in believing this Church to be the mystical body of Christ, and of which He alone is the head and supreme Governor, and that under Him the chief ministers or managers of the affairs of this spiritual society are those called Bishops, whose exercise of their sacred office being independent of all lay powers, it follows, of consequence, that their spiritual authority and jurisdiction cannot be affected by any lay deprivation.
ARTICLE III.
They agree in declaring that the Episcopal Church in Connecticut is to be in full communion with the Episcopal Church in Scotland, it being their sincere resolution to put matters on such a footing as that the members of both Churches may with freedom and safety communicate with either, when their occasions call them from the one country to the other. Only taking care, when in Scotland, not to hold communion in sacred offices with those persons who, under the pretence of ordination by an English or Irish Bishop, do, or shall take upon them to officiate as clergymen in any part of the National Church of Scotland, and whom the Scottish Bishops cannot help looking upon as schismatical intruders, designed only to answer worldly purposes, and uncommissioned disturbers of the poor remains of that once flourishing Church, which both their predecessors and they have, under many difficulties, laboured to preserve pure and uncorrupted to future ages.
ARTICLE IV.
With a view to this salutary purpose mentioned in the preceding article, they agree in desiring that there may be as near a conformity in worship and discipline established between the two churches, as is consistent with the different circumstances and customs of nations; and in order to avoid any bad effects that might otherwise arise from political differences, they hereby express their earnest wish and firm intention to observe such prudent generality in their public prayers, with respect to these points, as shall appear most agreeable to apostolic rules, and the practice of the Primitive Church.
ARTICLE V.
As the celebration of the Holy Eucharist, or the administration of the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ, is the principal bond of union among Christians, as well as the most solemn act of worship in the Christian Church, the Bishops aforesaid agree in desiring that there may be as little variance here as possible. And though the Scottish Bishops are very far from prescribing to their brethren in this matter, they cannot help ardently wishing that Bishop Seabury would endeavor all he can, consistently with peace and prudence, to make the celebration of this venerable mystery conformable to the most primitive doctrine and practice in that respect, which is the pattern the Church of Scotland has copied after in her Communion Office, and which it has been the wish of some of the most eminent divines of the Church of England, that she also had more closely followed than she seems to have done since she gave up her first reformed liturgy, used in the reign of King Edward VI., between which and the form used in the Church of Scotland, there is no difference in any point, which the Primitive Church reckoned essential to the right ministration of the Holy Eucharist. In this capital article, therefore, the Eucharistic service, in which the Scottish Bishops so earnestly wish for as much unity as possible, Bishop Seabury also agrees to take a serious view of the Communion Office recommended by them and if found agreeable to the genuine standard of antiquity, to give his sanction to it, and by gentle methods of argument and persuasion, to endeavor, as they have done, to introduce it by degrees into practice, without the compulsion of authority on the one side or the prejudice of former custom on the other.
ARTICLE VI.
It is also hereby agreed and resolved upon, for the better answering the purposes of this Concordate, that a brotherly fellowship be henceforth maintained between the Episcopal Churches in Scotland and Connecticut, and such a mutual intercourse of ecclesiastical correspondence carried on, when opportunity offers or necessity requires, as may tend to the support and edification of both Churches.
ARTICLE VII.
The Bishops aforesaid do hereby jointly declare, in the most solemn manner, that in the whole of this transaction they have nothing else in view but the glory of God, and the good of His church; and being thus pure and upright in their intentions, they cannot but hope that all whom it may concern will put the most fair and candid construction on their conduct, and take no offence at their feeble but sincere endeavors to promote what they believe to be the cause of truth and the common salvation. In testimony of their love to which, and in mutual good faith and confidence they have, for themselves and their successors in office, cheerfully put their names and seals to these presents,
at Aberdeen, this 15th day of November, in the year of our Lord 1784.
ROBERT KILGOUR, Bishop and Primus, L.S.
JOHN SKINNER, Bishop, LS.
ARTHUR PETRIE, Bishop, L.S.
SAMUEL SEABURY, Bishop, L.S.
ARTHUR PETRIE, Clerk.
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Understanding the unseen
by Nicholas P. Money Comments
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History, according to the heartfelt judgement of a young scholar in Alan Bennett’s marvellous play The History Boys “[is] just one fuckin’ thing after another.” Biology is a bit like this, because evolution works with a single set of raw materials within the constraints imposed by the planet’s environmental conditions. Every cell is surrounded by a lipid membrane, encodes its information in nucleic acids, and manufactures proteins. Every cell is powered like a battery and uses the electrical current carried by ions to import food, signal to its neighbours, and excrete waste products. At the same time, birds are different from bacteria because biomolecules can be arranged in an immense number of combinations, and sufficient time has elapsed to shuffle the molecules to suit every accommodation on earth. There is a tussle here, between the picture of life drawn from the viewpoint of thermodynamics and the experience of nature afforded anyone walking in the woods or looking at a compost heap with a hand lens. Both views are correct: sameness at the level of life’s essence, variety in its manifestation.
Human comprehension of biology has always been distorted by our innate occupation with organisms that are roughly the same size as us, and scientists have believed, until very recently, that organisms of our size are the most important ones for understanding life. Before the seventeenth century, the obvious impediment was our blindness to things smaller than fleas. The slight magnification of insects by Galileo’s friends at the Accademia dei Lincei – using a modified telescope – was nonetheless revelatory and soon, with the evolution of the microscope, the universe of microorganisms was laid bare. Prospects for intellectual recalibration began with these inventions, but the microscopic didn’t bleed into popular consciousness until the link between germs and disease was established in the nineteenth century. During my lifetime we have learned that a far greater repository of biological diversity exists among the unicellular organisms and the viruses than we find throughout the animal and plant kingdoms. Yet even in the twenty-first century the majority of professional scientists are preoccupied with macrobiology. This is a problem for science and for our species.
Ecology cannot be taught any more without considering the importance of microorganisms, and this is a very good thing indeed.”
Ecologists have exemplified this tension between the macro and the micro of biology. For more than 60 years, ecologists have been interested in understanding how the biodiversity within different ecosystems is determined. Throughout the twentieth century, the number of plant and animal species was viewed as the primary metric of biodiversity. Plant ecologists looked at the number of plant species as well as the distribution of different types of plants in particular settings, and developed models of productivity to explain how ecosystems worked. Animal ecologists, on the other hand, pursued similar ideas about animal diversity, and a few of the more interdisciplinary researchers blended these concerns by looking at the effects of herbivores on plant productivity. Microorganisms were included in the standard models of nutrient flow, with fungi, for example, listed as decomposers in models of the carbon cycle. The emphasis, however, was always on plants and animals. Until quite recently, plant and animal ecologists ignored microbes. Microbial ecology was a separate and specialised endeavour.
This is a broad-brushstrokes picture of ecology, but few ecologists of my generation will dispute the contention that the zeitgeist has changed in the last 20 years. Ecology cannot be taught any more without considering the importance of microorganisms, and this is a very good thing indeed. By introducing microbes into models of terrestrial ecosystems, investigators have found that fungi and bacteria are actually driving plant productivity. In other words, ecologists had omitted the most important players in their models of ecosystem function. A potent mechanism at work here is the role of fungi in plant disease. As plant diversity decreases, the impact of a single pathogen becomes amplified. This is obvious in the case of monoculture agriculture: if a wheat field is attacked by a rust, crop productivity falls and there are no other plants to take up the slack. The same sort of thing happens in natural ecosystems. The impact of a single pathogenic fungus tends to be muted if plant diversity is high. This is a matter of common sense.
Interactions between plants and microbes go well beyond the effects of pathogens, of course, and studies show that harmless soil microbes impact plant productivity through their influence upon nutrient availability. Most plants do not thrive in microbe-free soils, and the usual relationship between plant diversity and productivity collapses without bacteria. Ecosystems, like individual animals, don’t work very well without microbes.
All biologists have known for decades, if they thought about it, that microbes are more important than frogs in maintaining a biosphere capable of supporting humans. Tom Curtis championed the microbiological view of ecology with the following provocation:
If the last blue whale choked to death on the last panda, it would be disastrous but not the end of the world. But if we accidentally poisoned the last two species of ammonia-oxidisers [bacteria], it would be another matter. It could be happening now and we wouldn’t even know.
Watching a breaching humpback whale off Cape Cod and hearing the massive exhalation through its paired blow holes, it seems clear that the mammal is running the show. A microscope and some imagination are required to relegate the whale to the background and absorb the fact of the microbial hegemony in the grey Atlantic water and everywhere else. The act of putting a drop of fluid on a microscope slide and viewing it at up to 1,000 times its actual size can be an awe-inspiring experience, no less a thrill than looking at the night sky with a telescope or binoculars. Microscopes and telescopes make the invisible visible: the night sky dotted with a few weak stars becomes an endless shower of light; a cloudy drop of pond water is filled with spinning, whirling, and gliding cells.
By adding microbes to the public discourse we may get closer to comprehending the real workings of the biosphere and the growing threat to their perpetuation. Interest and indifference to conserving different species shows an extraordinary bias in favour of animals with juvenile facial features, ‘warm’ colouration, ‘endearing’ behaviour (fur helps too), and other characteristics that appeal to our innate and cultural preferences. The level of discrimination is surprising. Lion cubs have almost universal appeal, and it must take a lifetime of horrors to numb someone to the charms of a baby orangutan. The charismatic megafauna are very distracting, and the popularisation of microbial beauty will require a shift in thinking, a subtlety of news coverage, a new genre of wildlife documentary. The ethical responsibility lies with the nations that are engaged in modern biology.
We have come a long way, and been humbled greatly, since Pliny the Elder embarked upon his hopeless plan to record “all the contents of the entire world” in his encyclopedic Naturalis Historia. Modern research on microbial diversity has shifted from the microscope to the automated sequencer. This has revealed an astonishing breadth to the variations in the smallest forms of life. Two thousand years after Pliny, however, we are little closer to completing his catalogue. Harvard ethologist E.O. Wilson recommended another shot at this task through his Encyclopedia of Life project. The quixotic nature of the endeavour was obvious to anyone who thought about it for a few minutes, and the stocktaking has failed to overcome Wilson’s preoccupation with animals. Interest in this futile task continues, with calls from other prominent scientists for naming species “before they go extinct.” A cheerful projection suggests that a catalogue of five million or so species could be completed within 50 years at a cost of around US$1 billion per year. The authors of this estimate argue that by naming things we might be in a better position to curb their annihilation. Is this sensible?
Name recognition isn’t a big problem for tigers and rhinoceros. More logical justifications for this taxonomic marathon speak to the fundamental importance of identifying something as a species to enable the proper exploration of biodiversity, and another stimulus is that the inventory would help determine rates of extinction. There is a strain of desperation here. Today’s biologists working on this encyclopedia would become co-authors of a holy book of sorts, a Testament of Ignominy against which future generations could gauge how much damage we did.
An obvious shortfall of this proposal, as its proponents would agree, is that it wouldn’t tell us anything about microorganisms. And that is a tremendous problem and one of the stumbling blocks to accepting that a 50-year taxonomic exercise is worth funding. Biologists, as a community, are still finding it difficult to emerge from the stamp-collecting stage of our science. Whether we are talking about molecular methods or dried sheets in herbaria and drawers filled with disembowelled birds, the importance of the taxonomic exercise deserves some objective analysis. Physics did not stop after Newton; why did so much of biology conclude ‘Mission Accomplished’ after Darwin?
If extinction is the thing we are trying to forestall, we would be better placed in trying to save habitats. The inhabitants of threatened forests would tend to come along automatically, subject to the usual problems with poaching in the remaining wildish places. Because animals and their onboard microbes live in specific habitats, and the habitat is defined, to a large degree, by its plants and the soil microbiome, saving a forest can conserve a lot of things without our ever knowing that they are there.
There is some merit in thinking about ‘The Selfish Bacterium’ as an analogue to Richard Dawkins’ popularisation of the gene as the element of continuity throughout the history of life.”
Another challenge for biologists trying to understand the activities of the smallest organisms is that most of us are unaccustomed to thinking about the spatial scale of the environment that matters to a single cell. Each of the planktonic bacteria in my garden pond has a unique life experience shaped by fluctuations in the availability of dissolved ions, changes in temperature and light intensity, contact with other bacteria, and attack by viruses. Gene expression inside the tiny cells is adjusted to maintain energy production and maximise the prospects for cell division. Motile cells with spinning flagella navigate the pond water, responding to gradients in dissolved oxygen and organic nutrients as well as local clouds of metabolites secreted by other organisms. Faeces puffed from fish add pulses of organic matter to the pond and drops of tree sap plummet through the water column leaving tails of syrup like tiny comets. The pond is a mosaic of microbes and their food. Bacteria lacking flagellar motors are moved by ripples from the pond pump and the flicking of fish tails; convection currents circulate the water too, bringing colder water from the bottom toward the surface warmed by sunbeams; a rain shower cools and mixes the surface water and the bellyflop of a frog is the microbial equivalent of an asteroid strike.
There is some merit in thinking about ‘The Selfish Bacterium’ as an analogue to Richard Dawkins’ popularisation of the gene as the element of continuity throughout the history of life. Humans, for familiar example, can be regarded as temporary conduits for primate genes, as carriers of an immense repository of prokaryote and viral instructions, or as shills for the transportation and replication of bacterial mitochondria. All of these representations have some scientific validity. None of them affect the preoccupation of the individual with everyday concerns – familial, financial, and so on.
For some people the scientific deconstruction of the body has a profound effect upon tolerance for the vagaries of religious doctrine. Deep engagement in the principles of Darwinian evolution has shaken, if not abolished, the faith of many people in supernatural ideas about the special place of Homo sapiens in a grand scheme. Even then, the agnostic biologist spends more of the time worrying about her daughter’s dental appointment than she does revelling in the fact that everyone in her family is energised by bacterial proteins in the inner membranes of their mitochondria.
Knowledge of the gut microbiome changes the balance a little. Our highly bacterial nature seems significant to me in an emotional sense. I’m captivated by the revelation that my breakfast feeds the 100 trillion bacteria and archaea in my colon, and that they feed me with short-chain fatty acids. I’m thrilled by the fact that I am farmed by my microbes as much as I cultivate them, that bacteria modulate my physical and mental wellbeing, and that my microbes are programmed to eat me from the inside out as soon as my heart stops delivering oxygenated blood to my gut. My bacteria will die too, but only following a very fatty last supper. It is tempting to say that the gut microbiome lives and dies with us, but this distinction between organisms is inadequate: our lives are inseparable from the get-go. We carry the microbes around and feed them; they deliver the power that allows us to do so. Viewed with some philosophical introspection, microbial biology should stimulate a feeling of uneasiness about the meaning of our species and the importance of the individual. But there is boundless opportunity to feel elevated by this science. There are worse fates than to be our kind of farmed animal.
Adapted from The Amoeba in the Room: Lives of the Microbes, published by Oxford University Press.
Nicholas P. Money is Professor of Botany and Western Program Director at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. His previous books include Mr Bloomfield’s Orchard: The Mysterious World of Mushrooms, Molds and Mycologists and Mushroom.
nikmoney.com
Tags: ecology, microbes, Nicholas P. Money, OUP, popular science, The Amoeba in the Room, UK, USA
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Home » 2012 » December » 12
An evening of bad sex…but is it bad enough?
She’s honored. (Photo: Elena Torre)
Some time ago, we announced the Literary Review‘s finalists for the one of the world’s most dreaded competitions – a prize for the most embarrassing passage of sexual description in a novel. The awards ceremony for the 20th annual award finally took place last week at the In & Out (Naval & Military) Club in St James’s Square, where 400 guests raised a toast to the winner.
And the winner is … Canadian writer Nancy Huston, with her novel Infrared. I know, I know … you want me to deliver the goods. Well, here’s the Literary Review‘s version of why they bestowed the award on Huston:
“Sentences from the novel such as ‘Kamal and I are totally immersed in flesh, that archaic kingdom that brings forth tears and terrors, nightmares, babies and bedazzlements’ caught the judges’ attention. One long passage in particular stood out:
‘He runs his tongue and lips over my breasts, the back of my neck, my toes, my stomach, the countless treasures between my legs, oh the sheer ecstasy of lips and tongues on genitals, either simultaneously or in alternation, never will I tire of that silvery fluidity, my sex swimming in joy like a fish in water, my self freed of both self and other, the quivering sensation, the carnal pink palpitation that detaches you from all colour and all flesh, making you see only stars, constellations, milky ways, propelling you bodiless and soulless into undulating space where the undulating skies make your non-body undulate…”
My goodness, I don’t think it’s all that bad. Is that the worst they could do? I think the other finalists were daffier – go here and see if you agree. (By the by, John Updike received the lifetime achievement award in 2008.)
A friend recently protested against the Literary Review‘s anti-award, saying it inhibited writers from trying to describe sex at all. I’m not so sure that’s a bad thing. Gone are the days when a writer like Henry James could describe the sexual fever of a hand brushing across the back of another. Gone are the days when Jane Austen could convey more passion with a blush more than most of today’s writers can express with an orgy. We’ve lost the ability to describe the range of nuances in affection, love, devotion, rejection in our haste to describe the relentless interlocking of body parts.
According to Literary Review editor Jonathan Beckman, that’s exactly the reason why former editor Auberon Waugh founded the prize in the first place: “He was genuinely convinced that publishers were encouraging novelists to include sex scenes solely in order to increase sales. The award’s remit was ‘to draw attention to the crude, tasteless, often perfunctory use of redundant passages of sexual description in the modern novel, and to discourage it’.” I couldn’t agree more.
The Paris-based Huston has received more conventional awards, such as the Prix Goncourt des Lycéens and Prix Femina, but she seems to hold a special place in her heart for her newest distinction. In a statement read at the ceremony, she announced, “I hope this prize will incite thousands of British women to take close-up photos of their lovers’ bodies in all states of array and disarray.”
To which we can only add: Please no. Not that. Anything but that.
Huston is married to the philosopher Tzvetan Todorov. On Twitter, Elif Batuman responded: “I just learned that the winner of this year’s Bad Sex Award is married to Tzvetan Todorov and it is ROCKING MY WORLD.” No further explanation offered. After all, it was only a tweet.
Tags: "Elif Batuman", Auberon Waugh, Henry James, Jane Austen, Jonathan Beckman, Nancy Huston, Tzvetan Todorov
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by Nancy Kay - Flash Fiction - June 1, 2017 May 31, 2017
THURSDAY: Swim Good
BY MILES WHITE
THE PARTY was rocking at nine and might run until nine the next morning. It was a tough campaign but they were winning by a large enough margin that they would be able to call the shots on major platform issues at the convention. Everybody thought Jack could go all the way, that the nomination was virtually his. Tonight was about releasing some of the stress from the daily circus. Jack’s philosophy was: Sometimes you just need to blow it out. He gave them a night like this whenever he thought they needed one and let them party full out. He had no compunctions about jumping in himself. Jack was an old school party boy from back in the day.
Booze flowed like water. Jack had taken to chopping the corks off bottles of Brut with a sword that belonged to one of Custer’s soldiers at Little Big Horn. He had things like that lying all around his cabin. An old pair of glasses once worn by Gandhi sat on a mantel. Such wonders amazed guests at the parties he threw for his campaign team, but tonight he was amazed, because he had never before seen the statuesque bronze beauty in red lipstick and pink pumps he spotted across the room. He had not been able to take his eyes off her all night. He asked around and learned she was a lawyer helping to draft campaign positions on national security policy and would soon be briefing him. She might be a good pick for National Security Adviser. Jack, always susceptible to flirtation, hardly noticed the cabin filled tonight with bright young women throwing themselves at him like candy wrappers. He surreptitiously kept his eyes transfixed to the abundant endowments God had bequeathed to a woman named Jada. When he saw her calling a cab just past around four, he wouldn’t hear of it. He would drive her himself, even if it meant leaving his own party. No, you shouldn’t, she protested. Really, you don’t have to. He insisted. It’s the least I can do for the fine work you’ve been doing for the campaign. Please.
They both dropped pretenses once they got into his car. A little drunk, she held his head in her hands and probed his mouth with her tongue. He slipped his hands underneath her dress, caressing her breasts and bare behind. They fumbled around in the dark car for a few minutes but decided they’d better leave. They could go to her place. He headed the Lincoln hard down the gravel road that wound around the island towards the bridge. She slipped up her dress and sat on his lap, giggling like a schoolgirl. Jack held the wheel with one hand and used the other to unzip himself. Jada was feverish, and in the dark, she misjudged things. She put the full weight of herself down on him before he was ready. He screamed in agony and pushed her off him as his foot slammed the accelerator to the floor. He lost control of the Lincoln. The car swerved wildly to the right and flipped over, lunging through the darkness and exploding into the frigid lake.
As the car sank into the black water, Jack beat frantically on the driver’s side window and pushed at the door. Jada panicked and grabbed his jacket. Get off! he snarled. He elbowed her in the face, sending her flying across the car, but the blow and the cold water sobered her up. Jack finally broke the window with his feet. Letting the water flow in and settle around him, he slowly pushed himself out. He felt Jada’s hand grip his leg. He lashed out wildly with his foot, hitting her until he felt her hand drop. He kicked through the blackness towards the surface. He popped up a few seconds later, desperately gasping for air. Jack looked around trying to make out the road. There was no movement in the water. He leaned over and stroked. It took a few minutes for him to reach shore; he lay there exhausted. He had to clear his head and decide what to tell everybody. There had been an accident. He had tried to save Jada but couldn’t get her out of the car. They’d believe him. He staggered to his feet and started hiking towards the cabin. Jada stayed quiet in the icy water until he had vanished up the dark road. Then she began to swim.
Miles White
THURSDAY: The Christmas Angel
TUESDAY: Under the Worm Moon
MONDAY: Arcadia’s Choice
JAN June 1, 2017
Miles,
This story, like your last one, is based on real events. That bring the case, it comes across as reporting. I think you should step outside the reality box and use your talent to write something more original.
Miles June 2, 2017
Dear Jan, Thank you for your comment. Please let me respond.
Most of the stories I write are indeed based on original ideas. A few however, are based on real events that I interpret in order to add a twist to the story we know. I love doing this. However, both my stories published here were not simply retelling — in which case they would only be historical fiction, a recognized literary genre — but I am making up speculative elements I could not have known, leaving the broad outlines of the story in tact, so that the story we know now tells a “different” story. Therefore, to read the stories as simply “reporting” is to overlook the imaginative twist I give to the known story to produce a new story, one that perhaps offers insights about the story we know that cannot be known simply by the facts we have. This is a strategy of any writer or movie director working with historical fact.
Sorry Miles, but I didn’t find your “imaginative twists” all that imaginative.
Of course, writers and producers can take any event, current or historical, and see it through their own lens. But the wider the field the more the truth is in jeopardy.
I thought that to tell You Were on My Mind That Day from the perspective of someone whose voice you heard but who you learn had perished that day, told a story that could not have been told without that unsettling device; no jumpers got interviewed. If the passenger in the Kennedy car had shown up alive the next day, a political dynasty would have ended then and there, so having the passenger live is a consequential device as well. I’m sorry you don’t see these as the literary improvisations they are, where you start with the same material but try to get to a different ending.
Dear Miles,
Really, what is the point..? Why change the ending to a real life tragedy with a simple sentence and just leave it hanging there? If your going to use literary improvisations — follow through.
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Welcome to our website about the Chair of Comparative Politics at the University of Greifswald.
21 Aug 2018 “The Politics of Environmental Performance” now available as paperback edition.
Paperback edition of “The Politics of Environmental Performance: Institutions and Preferences in Industrial Democracies” Cambridge University Press. $27,99. For discount click here.
Alternatively, for more information, and to order, visit: www.cambridge.org/9781107542648 and enter the code DJAHN2018 at the checkout.
20 Aug 2018 Two new working paper will be represented at the 2018 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association (APSA), August 30 - September 2, Boston, MA,
The paper The Changing Meaning and Relevance of Left and Right in Highly Industrialized Democracies will be presented in the panel on Populism and the Growing Appeal of Far Right Parties. (Thu, August 30, 2:00 to 3:30pm, Marriott, Dartmouth). Download the paper here.
The paper The Agenda Setting Power Model in Comparative Politics: Political Partisanship and Environmental Performance will be presented in the panel on in the panel on Political Responsiveness and Economic Policy. (Sat, September 1, 12:00 to 1:30pm, Marriott, Salon B). Download the paper here.
04 Jan 2018 New working paper on Left-Right Party Ideology in 36 OECD Countries released
This Working Paper presents and describes party positions on a left-right dimension (LR) proposed in ‘‘Conceptualizing Left and Right in Comparative Politics: Towards a Deductive Approach’’ (Jahn, 2011). In addition it gives a more detailed account of constructing the LR than was possible in the original research article. The working paper can be found here
26 Mar 2017 New article forthcoming in Journal of European Social Policy
The article "Distribution Regimes and Redistribution Effects during Retrenchment and Crisis: A Cui Bono Analysis of Unemployment Replacement Rates of Various Income Categories in 31 Welfare States" is now accepted for publication in Journal of European Social Policy.
The paper analyzes redistribution effects during retrenchment and crisis in 31 welfare states by using a new dataset from a refined analysis of unemployment replacement rates of low, middle and high income levels (CWED2). Starting by identifying four distribution regimes before the economic crisis, the analysis shows that these regimes determine the redistribution of unemployment benefits during the period of retrenchment. As expected, equality-oriented capitalism redistributes in favor of the low-income levels and status-oriented and competitiveness-oriented capitalism have no redistribution effects. More interesting is the redistribution effect of a fourth regime type which favors high-income groups and which is present in both Western (Mediterranean) as well as Central and Eastern European countries. Another intriguing finding is that – with some notable exceptions – the period of retrenchment has been characterized by sparing the low-income groups from severe cuts. This has changed in the current economic crisis where this group has experienced severe cuts in their benefits. The reaction to the crisis is also more strongly determined by immediate needs and is not as well explained by the distribution regimes.
03 Mar 2017 Government positions finally available
Government positions and veto player ranges in the left-right and green-growth dimension are finally available as part of the replication files for The Politics of Environmental Performance. You will find the data in the download section.
12 Dec 2016 The Politics of Environmental Performance now available at Cambridge University Press
The Politics of Environmental Performance. Institutions and Preferences in Industrialized Democracies is now available in print. More information, supplementary material and data is provided here.
12 Sep 2016 New Working Paper available: "Interdependent Learning from Policy Success: Contextual Diffusion of Active Labour Market Policies" by Jan Helmdag and Kati Kuitto
The new Greifswald Comparative Politics Working Paper No. 10 dealing with the diffusion of Active Labour Market Policies is just published and can be found here.
24 May 2016 Article on trends in corporatism just printed
The article "Changing the Guard: Trends in Corporatist Arrangements in 42 Highly Industrialized Societies from 1960 to 2010" (previously only published online in advance) is available in print in Socio-Economic Review, Vol. 14, Issue 1.
23 May 2016 Prof Jahn invited to Oxford University to give a speech about CWED2
On May 27, 2016, Prof Jahn will give a talk about "Patterns of Welfare State Generosity: Refining the Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset" at the Department of Social Policy and Intervention at Oxford University.
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April 21, 2010 · 0 comments
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5 Major Attractions of Nepal
Nepal experiences a huge diversity in terms of tourists as different people are tempted to visit this country for a variety of reasons. While some fancy the adrenaline pumping of the Himalayas, some are intrigued by the outstanding culture and traditions of the country. A lot of travelers visit Nepal in a hope to rediscover the soul from within and in turn attain a spiritual awakening. The country is blessed with the stupendous beauty of nature, huge mountains, vivid landscapes, beautiful temples and monasteries, and vibrant places like Kathmandu. This article briefs about the 5 major attractions of Nepal among the wide choices to explore in here.
1. Kathmandu
The capital city of Nepal is a must-visit place as nearly every itinerary begins from here. The beauty of Kathmandu is incomparable and unmatched to any other city in the world. The lively ambiance, vibrant monasteries, with sights of looming snow-capped peaks in the backdrop makes it a sight to cherish forever. There are a lot of outstanding places to explore in Kathmandu, the Pashupatinath Temple, the Monkey Temple, the Buddhist Shrine are among the finest places to visit. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Durbar Square is a primary attraction in Kathmandu, which was damaged by the 2015 earthquake but still boasts the grandeur in the best way.
2. Pokhara
The gateway to the Himalayas at a distance of 200 km from Kathmandu, the Pokhara rests at the base of the foothills and is surrounded by supreme sights of some of the highest mountains of the world. The picturesque beauty of the surrounding Mt. Manaslu, Annapurna I, and Dhaulagiri makes the landscape postcard perfect. The region around the Lake Phewa is blessed with an unparallel serene ambiance ideal for a relaxing stay. The second largest town of Nepal is much less chaotic than Kathmandu and gifted with an enchanting landscape.
3. Chitwan National Park
Nepal gets a lot of attention for the enticing trekking routes and the high mountains, but the Chitwan National Park packs a different kind of thrill for the tourists. It is a beautiful place that showcases the best of wildlife of Nepal and homes to some amazing animals like the Rhino, Bengal Tigers, Sloths, Leopards, Bears, and many others. The elephant ride lets you explore the best of this National Park blessed with a Tropical Monsoon Climate. A journey through this amazing place creates a memory that will be etched in the heart of the travelers for long.
4. Trekking in Annapurna Region
Trekking and hiking in Nepal is a fascinating thing to do as this rewards the travelers with the bewildering and enthralling sights of nature’s extravaganza. The Annapurna Trekking route is the most popular trekking route of the country as it covers a number of outstanding locations and can be modified according to the wants of the trekkers. The Annapurna Region is also a delight to explore as it displays the enchanting glory of the Nepalese country side and even features of the Tibetan Plateau. This journey also gives an insight into the culture, traditions, and life of the locals at a large.
5. Trekking in Langtang
Another bewitching destination in Nepal is the Langtang Region. It is an outstanding place that ideally serves the travelers with an incredible hiking experience and some captivating sights. The high passes, vibrant landscapes, magnificent views, old monasteries, pukka mountain scenery, and the compelling beauty of the Rhododendrons are a delight for every traveler. A much easier and less tiring destination in comparison to the Annapurna and Everest Trekking trail, the Langtang Region packs some commanding sights that bask in its own glory.
Apart from these 5 destinations, Nepal is also well known and popular for many other mesmerizing locations that can make our extension from India a truly delightful experience. Experience the best of Nepal as it has loads and loads to offer.
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Dramaticapedia
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Dramatica Theory Book: Chapter 19
Dramatica: A New Theory Of Story
By Melanie Anne Phillips & Chris Huntley
The Elements of Structure
Previously, we have seen that the characteristics which build the Objective Characters reside at the Element level of the Thematic Structure. Theme itself emanates most strongly from the Variation level. Plot is generated in the Types. It should not be a surprise, therefore, to find that Genre is most influenced at the Class level. In fact, matching a point of view to a Class creates a story’s Domains, and it is these Domains that have the greatest structural impact on Genre.
As one moves up the Dramatica structure, looking from Character to Theme to Plot, the structural components (the Elements, Variations, and Types) take on a decreasing significance to the finished work compared to the storytelling aspects involved. Objective Characters are very easy to define solely in terms of their Elemental dramatic functions. Theme is a bit less tied to the structure as it explores the comparison between two dramatic Variations whose balance must be established by the author in the process of storytelling. Plot can be looked at rather precisely in terms of Acts, but is less so when it comes to thematic Sequences. At the Scene resolution of Plot a large part of what goes on is storytelling. At Event resolution, determining exactly what events ought to occur is almost exclusively storytelling, with the events falling into four broad structural categories.
Following this progression it stands to reason that Genre, which centers on the Class level just above where Plot is found, would be the least structural of story aspects and also the most influenced by storytelling. And so it is.
In a casual sampling of traditional Genres, we immediately notice that Genre sometimes refers to the setting of a story, as in Westerns or Science Fiction. Other times, it describes the relationships between characters such as Love Stories and Buddy Pictures. Genre might pertain to the feeling an audience gets from a story as in Comedy and Horror Stories. Even styles of storytelling can have their own Genres like Musicals or
Character Studies.
With all these different duties performed by the word Genre, how can we hope to define it? An attempt is made by video rental stores. All the old standards are there dividing the movies on their shelves: Action, Drama, Children’s. This is fine for picking out what you want to watch some evening, but not much help to authors trying to create stories of their own.
Producer: “Write me a war story!”
Writer: “O.K. What do you want, something like M.A.S.H. or Platoon or The Great Escape?”
Traditional Genre categories are really only useful for grouping finished works. The overall feel of a story is created from a blending of many different components that have an impact on the audience. These range from the underlying dramatic structure (storyform) through the subject matter (encoding) and style (weaving) to audience expectations (reception).
The traditional concept of Genre is most useful to writers by keeping them mindful of the “flavor” of their story, no matter if they are working on character, plot, or theme. Genre would be a lot more useful if it could be clearly defined. This is where Dramatica can help.
Dramatica intends to help writers construct the deep structure which underlies their stories. This framework functions as the dramatic skeleton upon which the specifics of a story are built. Story encoding then places muscle on the skeleton, Story weaving clothes the creation, and Reception affects how the audience might react to such a thing.
When considering Genre from an author’s point of view — rather than the traditional audience point of view — the most critical aspect will be structural. That is where the foundation is laid, upon which the storytelling will be built. The first step of seeing Genre this way is to look at the four Classes. These four Classes indicate the nature of the subject matter that will be covered in a story’s Genre. To recap, the four Classes are:
Universe p; an external state; commonly seen as a situation.
Physics p; an external process; commonly seen as an activity.
Mind p; an internal state; commonly seen as a fixed attitude or bias.
Psychology p; an internal process; commonly seen as a manner of thinking or manipulation.
Modes of Expression
Next, we want to consider a new concept: four modes of expression through which the story’s structure can be conveyed to an audience. The four modes of expression are:
Information p; focusing the audience on knowledge.
Drama p; focusing the audience on thought.
Comedy p; focusing the audience on ability.
Entertainment p; focusing the audience on desire.
The Dramatica Classes describe what the audience will see. The modes describe in what light they will see them. When we match the two categories, we begin to control the feel our story will generate within the audience.
This is analogous to the manner in which Domains are created by attaching a point of view to a Class. Domains are part of the Story Mind itself and represent how a mind shifts its perspective to consider all sides of an issue. Genres, while also creating perspectives, do so outside of the Story Mind and represent the four different ways an audience can look at the Story Mind as a finished work they are receiving.
The following “Grid of Dramatica Genres,” shows the four Dramatica Classes along one axis, and the four modes of expression along the other.
Grid of Dramatica Genres
Where/What it is p; (Information/Universe) p; an examination of events and situations with an emphasis on the past, present, progress, and future “state of things” (e.g. Documentary, Historical and Period Pieces).
How it works p; (Information/Physics) p; an examination of how specific processes work with an emphasis on instruction (e.g. Educational, Informational, Instructional).
What it means p; (Information/Mind) p; an examination of opinions and points of view with an emphasis on the context in which they are made (e.g. Inspirational, Motivational).
Why it’s important p; (Information/Psychology) p; an examination of value systems with an emphasis on providing context relevant to the audience’s personal life (e.g. Persuasion, Propaganda).
Exploration Drama p; (Drama/Universe) p; a serious exploration of how the “state of things” is unbalanced (e.g. Courtroom, Crime, and Classroom dramas).
Action Drama p; (Drama/Physics) p; a serious take on how problems are created by ongoing activities (e.g. Espionage and War dramas).
Bias Drama p; (Drama/Mind) p; a serious take on what types of conflicts arise from incompatible attitudes (e.g. Obsession and Prejudice dramas).
Growth Drama p; (Drama/Psychology) p; a serious take on the attempts to overcome difficulties resulting from manipulations and/or evolving identities (e.g. Coming of Age and Dysfunctional Family dramas).
Situation Comedy p; (Comedy/Universe) p; humor derived from the difficulties created by placing characters in some sort of predicament (e.g. TV Sitcoms).
Physical Comedy p; (Comedy/Physics) p; pratfalls, slapstick, and other forms of humor derived from physical activities gone awry (e.g. The Three Stooges and much of Charlie Chaplin’s work)
Comedy of Manners p; (Comedy/Mind) p; humor derived from divergent attitudes, biases, or fixations – frequently noted as drawing room comedies (e.g. Jack Benny or Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Ernest).
Comedy of Errors p; (Comedy/Psychology) p; humor derived from misinterpretation or, in psychological terms, attribution error (e.g. Abbott and Costello’s Who’s on First and several Shakespeare comedies including Twelfth Night).
Entertainment through Atmosphere p; (Entertainment/Universe) p; entertainment derived from new, unique, or interesting settings or backgrounds (e.g. Disaster, Fantasy, Horror, Musical, and Science Fiction)
Entertainment through Thrills p; (Entertainment/Physics) p; entertainment derived from new, unique, or interesting activities/experiences – much like thrill rides at an amusement park (e.g. Action Adventure, Suspense)
Entertaining Concept p; (Entertainment/Mind) p; entertainment derived from new, unique, or interesting ideas (e.g. High Concept piece)
Entertainment through Twists p; (Entertainment/Psychology) p; entertainment derived from new, unique, or interesting forms of audience manipulation (e.g. Mysteries, Thrillers)
This grid illustrates how the mode of expression can change the impact a Class will have on an audience. If the Physics Class is expressed in terms of Information it would seem like a “How to” story. If Comedy is chosen as the mode of expression, however, the Physics Class looks more like a story involving physical humor or “slapstick.”
The beauty of the grid is that it provides authors with a “shopping list” of the kinds of impact they may wish to have upon their audience. Take time to fully examine the table. Look at the brief explanation of each mode/Class combination. Unlike most of the previous information in this book, this table lends itself to an intuitive feel that ties in much more closely with the Art of Storytelling than with the Elements of Structure.
Taken together, Classes and modes of expression determine the feel of the subject matter in a story. Still, there is one aspect of Genre remaining: positioning the audience in relationship to the subject matter. To do this, we can make use of the four Dramatica Domains. As a brief recap, they are:
Main Character Domain p; the first person point of view (I) matched with a Class, this Domain provides the audience with a “down in the trenches,” personal view of the story.
Obstacle Character Domain p; the second person point of view (you) matched with a Class, this Domain provides the audience with a “what’s impacting me,” impersonal view of the story.
Subjective Story Domain p; the first person plural point of view (we) matched with a Class, this Domain provides the audience with a “what’s it like to be in this type of a relationship,” passionate view of the story.
Objective Story Domain p; the third person point of view (they) matched with a Class, this Domain provides the audience with a “big picture,” dispassionate view of the story.
By positioning the audience’s four points of view on the Class/modes of expression grid, we can accurately predict the feel our story will have.
Suppose we wanted to write a Comedy with the Objective Story Domain of Universe and the Main Character Domain of Physics. We could assign all of the Domains to the grid in the Comedy mode of expression like above.
If we are good storytellers, all four throughlines would have a consistently humorous (comedic) feel to them. The Objective Story would be a situation comedy; the Main Character would be a physically goofy or funny person(e.g. Stanley Ipkiss in The Mask); the Obstacle Character might be someone who is constantly being mistaken for someone else or mistaking the Main Character for someone else; the Subjective Story relationship between the Main and Obstacle Characters would be conflicting over silly or exaggerated differences of opinion.
Though a story like this covers all of the storyforming bases, its single mode of expression lacks the emotional depth that comes from variety. This monotone form of storytelling is fine (and often preferable) for some forms of storytelling. Many audiences, however, prefer to have greater variety of expression in their stories. As it stands, this example story lacks any educational intent (Information), any sense of seriousness (Drama), and any pure diversions (Entertainment).
How does one diversify? Assign each Domain to a different mode of expression.
A story of such a completely mixed arrangement has no single, overriding feel to it. What it gives up in consistency, however, it gains in variety.
The Objective Story (Universe/Entertainment) would be set in some unique or viscerally intriguing setting (perhaps a Western, the distant future, or the dark side of the moon) in which something is amiss. In this setting we find our Main Character (Physics/Comedy), perhaps clumsy (e.g. Inspector Clouseau from The Pink Panther), or overly active like Ace Ventura. Providing a nice contrast to the humorous nature of the Main Character are the serious impact of Obstacle Character’s manipulations (Psychology/Drama). Finally, we add the Subjective Story relationship (Mind/Information) as it describes how the Main and Obstacle Characters’ fixed attitudes conflict over “what it all means.”
This is the heart of Dramatica’s approach to Genre. At its most basic level it is a choice between four modes of expression. At its most exciting and elegant, it concerns the sophisticated relationship and dynamics that are created when the four modes of expression, the four structural Classes, and the four Domains are brought together. The Class/modes of expressions grid allows authors to select Domains using their feelings and intuition. By carefully setting these Dramatica relationships in a story, you can create a powerful Genre experience for your audience with exactly the impact you intended.
Finally, there is a greater depth to Dramatica theory that offers more information about what is really going on in Genre. It may be more than you really need to consider for your style of writing and the kinds of stories you create. If you’d like to explore this final aspect of The Elements of Structure, read on.
The Class/modes of expression table we have been using makes it appear as if a throughline must remain in one mode for the duration of a story. In fact, this is only the Static Appreciation of Genre. In actual practice, the Genre of a story develops as the story unfolds, so that it may appear to be simply a Drama as it begins, by the time it is over it will have defined exactly what kind of Drama it is.
In this respect, beginning as one among a broadly identifiable group of stories and ending up where no other story has gone before, each and every story develops its own unique Genre by the time it is over. The manner by which this happens pertains to the Progressive Appreciation of Genre, which we will now explore.
First of all, once a throughline is assigned to a Class, thereby creating a Domain, that particular combination will remain for the duration of the story. Therefore, when we examine how the Mode/Class table is laid out, we can see that each Domain will fall in a vertical column and stay there. The Progressive nature of Genre is seen when each Domain slides up and down its particular column so that during the story it may touch on all four modes of expression. The fact that each Domain is always in its same Class gives them consistency; the ability to shift modes of expression gives them versatility.
Just as with Progressive Plot appreciations there are limits to how a Domain can move from one mode to another. Like the Acts in Plot, Domains must move through modes of expression in a particular order. The rule of thumb is that a Domain cannot skip over a mode (according to the order used in the table) but must go through each mode of expression in between to get to the desired one.
The reason for this limitation is that neither the human mind nor the Story Mind can shift mental gears from, say, first gear to third gear without going through second gear. Modes of expression are largely emotional concerns, and as such, the human mind must be allowed to experience the transition from one emotional state to the next if it is to feel natural.
A good example of the awkwardness that results from ignoring this rule of thumb can be found in the motion picture, Hudson Hawke, starring Bruce Willis. The filmmakers made a valiant effort to break convention and have a serious heist thriller jumbled up with comedy and even song and dance numbers in the middle of a robbery! This might have worked, had the audience been taken through the intermediate modes. Alas, such was not the case and therefore the story simply came out jumbled and impossible to get a grip on emotionally.
It should be noted that sometimes in the process of storytelling an author will want to shock an audience. This can be accomplished in a number of ways, including breaking structure or skipping the transitional modes of expression. These kinds of techniques are fully explored in the Storyweaving section of The Art of Storytelling. For now, our discussion is limited to what a consistent progression of Genre would be.
If you have closely examined the table, you may have wondered if the mode at the top (Information) could ever connect to the mode at the bottom (Entertainment) without having to go through both Drama and Comedy first. The answer to this question is, “Yes.”
If you were to clip the Class/modes of expression table out of this book (not recommended!) you could bend it around from top to bottom to make a cylinder. When presented in this form, it can be seen that Information is actually right next to Entertainment. So, during the course of a story, a single Domain might shift up or down or all around, as long as it stays within its Class column.
Taken together, all four Domains could shift from scene to scene into different relative positions, not unlike a combination lock, making the story all comedic at one time, serio-comic at another, and so on. By the end of the story, the progressive shift of Domains provides the combination for the unique Genre of a story.
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定义架构
While the central concept in the Standard is architecture description, it was unavoidable that such a document could escape offering a definition of architecture as well.
This page presents the definition and discusses its rationale. For discussion of other terms used in the Standard, see the [conceptual model].
⟨system⟩ fundamental concepts or properties of a system in its environment embodied in its elements, relationships, and in the principles of its design and evolution
What follows is a brief exegesis of “architecture” and its definition in the Standard, phrase by phrase.
⟨system⟩ uses an ISO convention (of angle brackets) to signify that the term being defined pertains to the subject field of systems. Within the Standard, the terms concern, environment and stakeholder are also designated as pertaining to the subject field of systems.
The term system, in this definition and throughout the Standard, is a placeholder for a long list of things including:
systems in the spirit of ISO 15288: “that are man-made and may be configured with one or more of the following: hardware, software, data, humans, processes (e.g. processes for providing service to users), procedures (e.g. operator instructions), facilities, materials and naturally occurring entities”;
software products and services as described in ISO 12207;
software-intensive systems as described in IEEE Std 1471:2000™: “any system where software contributes essential influences to the design, construction, deployment, and evolution of the system as a whole” which includes “individual applications, systems in the traditional sense, subsystems, systems of systems, product lines, product families, whole enterprises, and other aggregations of interest”.
The Standard does not impose any definition of system upon users of the Standard. In addition to the types of systems listed above, the Standard can be used to express the architectures of conceptual systems or natural systems.
An architecture is what is fundamental to a system — not necessarily everything about a system, but the essentials.
The disjunction, concepts or properties, was chosen to support two different philosophies without prejudice. These philosophies are:
Architecture as Conception: an architecture is a concept of a system in one’s mind;
Architecture as Perception: an architecture is a perception of the properties of a system.
Under either philosophy, an architecture is abstract — not an artifact. The Standard uses another term, architecture description, to refer to artifacts used to express and document architectures.
Alas, there is widespread usage of the term “architecture” which confuses the abstract idea with the artifacts capturing that abstraction — particularly in the field of enterprise architecture.
The architecture of a system is cognizant of the system in its environment; the environment determines the totality of influences on the system. One often-cited difference between architecture and design is this: architecture is outwardly focused on the system in its environment; whereas design is inwardly focused once the system boundaries are set.
That which is fundamental to a system may take several forms:
its elements: the constituents that make up the system;
the relationships: both internal and external to the system; and
the principles of its design and evolution.
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It is interesting that different architecture communities place varying emphases on these. Software architecture has often been focused on software components as elements and their interconnections as a key relationship. System architecture emphasizes sub-system structures and relationships such as allocation. Enterprise architecture emphasizes principles. The definition recognizes that all of these may play a part in architecture.
Note that principles of its design and evolution may be formulated by an architect, “reverse engineered” from an existing system, or even discovered in nature — depending on the system. While for man-made systems the architecture often reflects an intentional stance, this intention is not part of the definition.
Other definitions of architecture
The Oxford English Dictionary reminds us there are two senses of the term.
architecture noun
the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings. schools of architecture or design
the style in which a building is designed and constructed, especially with regard to a specific period, place, or culture: Georgian architecture
the complex or carefully designed structure of something: the chemical architecture of the human brain
the conceptual structure and logical organization of a computer or computer-based system
Although the Standard focuses on the artifacts used to describe architectures in the 2nd sense above, it recognizes that architecture description is one set of practices within the larger art or practice of architecture, sometimes called architecting, and that there is a unity to the notion of architecture from its roots in the built environment, through civil and more recent fields. As Zachman reminds us, Architecture is architecture is architecture. [pdf]
In the original edition, IEEE 1471:2000, the definition was:
architecture: The fundamental organization of a system embodied in its components, their relationships to each other, and to the environment, and the principles guiding its design and evolution.
“Organization” was removed in the revised edition because that term already had a specialized meaning within the ISO context. Components was replaced because that term was frequently misunderstood as referring to software components. For discussion of other changes between the 2000 and 2011 editions of the Standard see [2011 Change Page].
Early definitions in software and systems architecture naturally focused on the structural nature of architecture, by analogy with the ideas of architecture in the built environment.
a software architecture is a set of architectural (or, if you will, design) elements that have a particular form. [Perry and Wolf, 1989]
Recent definitions have emphasized architecture as a web of decisions:
An architecture is the set of significant decisions about the organization of a software system, the selection of the structural elements and their interfaces by which the system is composed, together with their behavior as specified in the collaborations among those elements, the composition of these structural and behavioral elements into progressively larger subsystems, and the architectural style that guides this organization — these elements and their interfaces, their collaborations, and their composition [Kruchten, The Rational Unified Process]
Note the use of significant — not all decisions are part of the architecture, but only those that are fundamental.
The IEEE 1471/ISO 42010 definition has been utilized, extended (and sometimes misunderstood) by many others in many forms. For example:
The architecture of anything is:
Its fundamental organization–embodied in its components and their relationships to each other and their environment.
The principles that govern its design and evolution. [Holcman, 2010]
Enterprise Architecture is the continuous practice of describing the essential elements of a sociotechnical organization, their relationships to each other and to the environment, in order to understand complexity and manage change. [pdf]
TOGAF ignores the distinction between architecture and architecture description, leading to confusions throughout the TOGAF 9 document:TOGAF embraces but does not strictly adhere to ISO/IEC 42010:2007 terminology. In TOGAF, ‘architecture’ has two meanings depending upon the context:
A formal description of a system, or a detailed plan of the system at component level to guide its implementation
The structure of components, their inter-relationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time
The Software Engineering Institute has collected a large number of definitions of software architecture [SEI page].
转：Defining architecture
http://www.iso-architecture.org/ieee-1471/defining-architecture.html
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Category: Nintendo
Nintendo UK Launch A WarioWare Gold Demo on 3DS and 2DS
On July 7, 2018 July 7, 2018 By shukeri
Although Nintendo Switch is their latest console for gamers, Nintendo is still producing games for their 3DS system. In the latest news, Nintendo UK is making a new game called the WarioWare Gold available for gamers to play its demo version. Wario Ware Gold is a game with 300 microgames. […]
News Nintendo UncategorizedNintendoNintendo 2DSNintendo 3DSWarioLeave a comment
Nintendo 2DS XL First Look
On May 6, 2017 May 6, 2017 By shukeri
Last week, Nintendo had announced a new 2DS XL coming in July 2017. This week, Nintendo had invited selected people to test the device. They also have a section to compare between the current 2DS, 2DS XL and 3DS. Based on the feedback, people like it although it does not […]
Nintendo2DS XLLeave a comment
Out of Nowhere, Nintendo Will Launch A New Nintendo 2DS XL Portable Gaming Console
After launching the Nintendo Switch, Nintendo makes a new announcement. They will release an improve version for the Nintendo 2DS with 2DS XL model. In summary, the 2DS is like a 3DS XL without the 3DS screen effect. The 2DS XL has a better hardware compared to the current 2DS […]
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An Aluminum NES Controller?
On April 30, 2017 April 30, 2017 By shukeri
There are a lot of game enthusiasts who still love to play retro games which released in 80’s and 90’s. One of the popular retro game consoles is the Nintendo Entertainment System or the NES. NES is pack with lots of fun games and it is one of the reasons people […]
Analogue NT NintendoAnalogue NtNESLeave a comment
The History of the D-Pad Game Controller
D-Pad is stood for Directional Pad. It is used by the gamer to give instruction for the games they play. D-Pad is used by Nintendo for the first time for their Famicom console. The same controller was later introduced for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). Before the D-Pad, there are […]
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How To Enable Achievement For Old Games In RetroPie Using RetroAchievements?
On March 12, 2017 March 12, 2017 By shukeri
RetroPie on the Raspberry Pi is an amazing platform to play retro games. The following video shows additional feature you can add if you already have a RetroPie. RetroAchievements.org is a website where you can link back your progress while playing games in RetroPie. It is like playing modern games […]
Nintendo RetroPieRetroPieLeave a comment
Portable Super Famicom On The Original Home Console
The original Super Famicom is a home console from Nintendo released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea. It has a lot of great games and it sold more than 300,000 units within a few hours. Last week, Nintendo released their hybrid console called the Nintendo Switch. The switch is special because […]
NintendoNintendoSuper FamicomLeave a comment
Nintendo Switch Teardown
On March 4, 2017 March 4, 2017 By shukeri
Nintendo Switch is expected to be the next generation console not for Nintendo but for their competitors too. The Switch is a hybrid gaming console which allows you to bring a home console games anywhere you want. Compare to other which streaming your content from the home console, Switch processing and play the […]
Nintendo UncategorizedNintendo SwitchTeardownLeave a comment
A Nintendo Enthusiast Share Her Experience Collecting The Nintendo 3DS
On February 13, 2017 February 13, 2017 By shukeri
I thought all Nintendo 3DS are the same but I was wrong. Erica Griffin who is collecting the Nintendo 3DS said the consoles came with a two different screens; an IPS or TN. IPS screen has a better color compared to the TN. There is no way you can determine whether the screen […]
News NintendoNintendoNintendo 3DSLeave a comment
Running RetroArch On A NES Mini Classic Edition?
Enthusiast love to explore new things and in the latest NES Mini Classic Edition hacked, they tried to load and run RetroArch on the console. It is a risky project since the NES Mini could be bricked and it is expensive to get a new one. It is an interesting […]
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Jeremy Corbin
Brexit News Now 247
Northern Ireland Coronavirus: How nature is reacting to the lockdown
Since we have had restrictions on the way we live, the air quality across NI seems to have improved. With the absence of traffic on our roads, nitrogen dioxide levels (exhaust fumes) have dropped by more than 50% in some areas. across the UK.You may have noticed the absence of contrails in the sky as…
The Admin
Since we have had restrictions on the way we live, the air quality across NI seems to have improved.
With the absence of traffic on our roads, nitrogen dioxide levels (exhaust fumes) have dropped by more than 50% in some areas. across the UK.
You may have noticed the absence of contrails in the sky as fewer people are flying and with the recent fine weather it may seem the sky is bluer.
Less light pollution at night also makes the night sky appear clearer and full of stars.
With fewer people flying there are fewer contrails in our skies
In some ways suburbia is starting to mimic the countryside.
We are also encouraged to take some exercise each day and I have noticed some changes in what I see and hear when I’m taking my daily walk or run, so I thought I’d ask my followers on Twitter what their experiences have been.
People are noticing the bird song which may have been hidden before due to general noise and traffic. The birds have less to compete with now and the dawn chorus can go on way past dawn.
Townies are noticing more bees, birds, squirrels, foxes, even badgers, not just on walks but in gardens too.
Otters were feeding on crab at the River Bann and there are fresh sightings of seals swimming up the River Lagan.
A recent sunset over the river Foyle
Let’s look at bees, given they have such a big role to play.
I spoke to Emma from Bee Haven Beekeepers, whose goal is not to produce honey but to help increase the awareness of native honey bees and their importance.
According to Emma, there isn’t a definite answer as to whether there are more bees, but in many respects what is happening is the opposite of normality.
Fewer bumble bees are dying by road kill and so more bee colonies are getting off to a good start, but some of the normal food supply for bees and pollinators has gone.
Garden centres aren’t open, so we aren’t buying plants.
We are also mowing our lawns, removing dandelions, weeds and wild flowers, which are natural bee forage.
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The same could be said for other birds and animals.
The seagulls aren’t as numerous in Newcastle because the food scraps from visitors have ceased and so they’re relying on their fish’n’chip leftovers from elsewhere.
They might even have to catch their own fish.
Find the people and that’s where you’ll find bins and unfortunately litter, but also easy pickings for rabbits, squirrels, foxes, even peacocks.
Maybe this is why there seems to be more wildlife in the parks and walking areas.
Whereas some folk in the country, who would be familiar with these wildlife sightings and noises, are almost experiencing the opposite.
More people are passing their homes as suburbia ventures further into the countryside on their walk, run or cycle, and in some cases this means an increase in noise and litter.
Gulls have become accustomed to accessing easy food sources
So have things changed or is it because our way of life has changed, and we are taking more notice of things that were always there?
Is nature claiming back the city?
Some seismologists say human activity has dropped to the lowest point since records began, so maybe it’s just the humans that have gone quiet.
As for the global picture and whether there is any slow down on the warming of the planet, the Met Office says it is too soon to say.
They expect the rise of CO2 emissions this year to be lower than previously expected because of coronavirus restrictions – there’s less traffic, less manufacturing – but it is unlikely to cause an overall global reduction in CO2 levels.
Irish backstop – Shared Island: Northern Ireland is still a society on a sectarian edge
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Irish backstop – Finn McRedmond: Johnson plays NI as a Brexit bargaining chip
Northern Ireland Coronavirus: Postcard stories from the edge of a pandemic
Northern Ireland Coronavirus: Death toll in NI about 70% higher than daily figure
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